QyLJ ^VS*2-\ * ■ W ♦ « - A. GENERAL HISTORY OF THE DICHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS, COMPRISING COMPLETE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT ORDERS; TOGETHER WITH THE CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES, AND AN ENUMERATION OF THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES; THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH, TIME OF FLOWERING, MODE OF CULTURE, AND USES IN MEDICINE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY; THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES ACCENTUATED, THEIR ETYMOLOGIES EXPLAINED, AND THE CLASSES AND ORDERS ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS, AND PRECEDED BY INTRODUCTIONS TO THE LINNyEAN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, AND A GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS USED: THE WHOLE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM. BY GEORGE DON, F.L.S. IN FOUR VOLUMES. Vol. iil— calyciflorjs. o % >*)•. J:: Q ~4 4 4? LONDON: PRINTED FOR J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON ; J. AND W. T. CLARKE; LONGMAN AND CO.; T. CADELL ; J. RICHARDSON ; JEFFERY AND SON; BALDWIN AND CRADOCK ; J. BOOKER; J. BOOTH; HARVEY AND DARTON ; S. BAGSTER ; SHERWOOD AND CO.; HARDING AND LEPARD ; J. F. SETCHEL ; WHITTAKER AND CO.; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; AND E. HODGSON. MDCCCXXXIV. LONDON : GILBERT & RIVINGTOK, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE. INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME, COMPRISING THE SYSTEMATIC AND ENGLISH GENERIC NAMES, AND THE ENGLISH AND SYSTEMATIC SYNONYMES. » * In this Index the systematic names used, and the English names in common use, are in Roman letters ; the synonymes in Italics ; the names of Classes, Sub-classes, and Orders in large capitals ; and the names of Sub-orders and Tribes in small capitals. A. Abelia, 452 Ach-weed, 288 Achyrantlies, 89. 91 Acicarpha, 696 Aciphylla, 318. Acrolasia, 61 Acrodryon, 610 Acrotriche, 780, 781 Actinanthus, 274 Actinophyllum, 390, 391 Actinotus, 263 Aculeosa, 745 Acunnia, 849 Adamia, 235 Adenophora, 769-771 Adina, 471, 472 Adoxa, 383 ALginetia, 486. 663 .Egopodium, 287, 288 jEthusa, 305, 306 Mthusa, 282. 284. 305. 320. Agapetes, 862, 863 Agarista, 837-838 Agasyllis, 347 Agasyllis, 330. 336 Agostana, 296 Aidia, 452 Aikinia, 738, 739 Aizoon, 153, 154 Aixoon, 152 Ajouan, 285 Ajawain, 285 Ajava-seed, 285 A lacospermum, 291 Alaternus, 446 Alepidea, 266 Alexanders, 380, 381 Alibertia, 542 Allasia, 43 All-seed, 93 Alseis, 512 Alsinoides, 82 Alternanthera, 92 Amaioua, 488, 489 Amajoua, 488 Amaracarpus, 562 Amber-tree, 636 Ambraria, 636 Ambraria, 635, 636 Ammannia, 536 Ammi, 286, 287 Ammi, 280. 283, 284. 289. 312 Ammine.*, 274 Ammios, 284 Ammoides, 284 Ammoniac, 328, 329 Ammyrsine, 851 Amordica, 35 Ampelosicvos, 39 Anacampseros, 75, 76 Anacampseros, 80. 114-116 Ancylanthus, 559 Anderosacme, 519 Andersonia, 784 A rider sonia, 721 Andrachne, 834 Andromeda, 829 Andromeda, 829-833. 835-840. 850. 857 Andromede-e, 828 Anethum, 336, 337 Anethum, 282. 306, 307- 338 Angelica, 322, 323 Angelica, Garden, 324 Angelica, 275. 315. 317- 319. 321-324. 334. 335. 348 Angelice-e, 321 Anguina, 38 Ang'uria, 42 Anidrum, 381 Anisanthus, 452 Anise, 294 Anisosciadium, 371 Anisum, 294 Annesorhiza, 304 Anonymus, 535 Anopterus, 195 Anotis, 533-535 Antacanthus, 569 Anthactinia, 51 Antherura, 584 Anthosperme/E, 634 Anthospermum, 635, 636 Anthospermum, 635 Anthotium, 727 Anthriscus, 364, 365 Anthriscus, 295. 362. 366 Anthyllis, 93 Antiphylla, 214 Antirrhcea, 553 Antonia, 598 Anychia, 88 Anychia, 89 Anys-wortle, 305 Aparine, 656. 658, 659 Aparinece, 637 Aparincs, 637 Apenula, 768 Aphyllantes, 733 Apinella, 281 Apium, 276-279 Apium, 279, 280. 285, 286. 288. 294, 295. 316, 317 Apocynum, 561 Apradus, 372 Arabidia, 207 Arachnimorpha, 516 Aralia, 378, 389 Aralia, 384-388. 391-395 ARALIACE.E, 383 Aralice, 383 Araliastrum, 384 Arbutus, 834-835 Arbutus, 835-837- 839-841. Arceuthobium, 408 Archangelica, 323, 324 Archangelica, 351 Archemora, 338 Arctopus, 372 Arctostaphylos, 835, 836 Arenaria, 93 Argostemma, 523, 524 Argylophora, 469 Arnoldia, 201 Ar-nut, 290 Arpitium, 320 Arracacha, 377, 378 Artedia, 353 Artedia, 275. 354 Arthrophyllum, 395 Ascarina, 434 Ascarina, 434 Asephananthes, 48 Ash-weed, 288 Aspera, 659 Asperula, 637-640 Asperula, 634. 642. 651 Asperulece, 637 Assafoetida, 326, 327 Asteriscium, 263 A sterocephalus, 687-695 Astilbe, 229 Astoma, 381 Astrantia, 265, 266 Astrantia, 264. 266. 335 Astrephia, 670 Astrephia, 674. 677, 678 Astroloma, 775 Astrotricha, 258 Astydamia, 340 Athamanta, 315, 316 Athamantha, 275. 284, 285. 307-309. 312-314. 319,320. 333. 335. 362. 376. 378 Atrema, 381 Aucuba, 433 Augusta, 513 Augustea, 513 Aukuba, 433 Aulaxis, 206 Aureliana, 384 Aversia, 92 Avicularia, 768 Axanthes, 540 Aylmeria, 83, 84 Azalea, 850 Azalea, 845-848. 850. Azorella, 259, 260 Azorella, 257-261 B. Baconia, 570 Baderoa, 34 Balardia, 92 Bald-money, 320 Bald-money, Swiss, 320 Balsam Apple, 35 Bandhuca, 570 Barbadoes Gooseberry, 175, 176 Barleria, 538 Bartlingia, 634 Bartonia, 61, 62 Bauera, 203 Bauere,e, 202 Bear-berry, 835, 836 Bear’s grape, 854, 855 Bed-straw, 647-658. 660, 661 Befaria, 849 Bejaria, 849 Belangera, 202 Belilla, 489 Bellardia, 508, 509 Bell-flower, 750-768 Benincasa, 29 Benzonia, 664 Bergenia, 206 Bertiera, 505 Berula, 295 Betckea, 680 Bhoopidece, 696 Bifora, 381 Biforis, 305 Bigelowia, 613-616.618. 621 Bikkia, 514 Bilberry, 852 Billardiera, 576 Billiottia, 560 Bishop’s Weed, 286, 287 Bistella, 231 Bivoncea, 90 Black Wattle, 201 Blaeria, 804, 805 Blceria, 805 Blandfordia, 204 Blea-berry, 852 Blondia, 229 Blue-bells, 759 Bluets, 852 Blumenbachia, 62 Bobaea, 554 Bobea, 554 Boerhavia, 671 Bois de rat, 556 Bois Mussard, 556 Bolax, 260 Bolax, 254, 255. 258-261 Boopis, 696 Boopis, 696 Borreria, 611-618 Bouvardia, 485, 486 Bouvardia, 516 Bowlesia, 258, 259 Bowlesia, 261. 335 Bradlaia, 347 Breonia, 472 Brignolia, 542 Brignolia, 307 Broad-scaled Heath 807-809 Bronnia, 70 Broussaisia, 235 Bruchia, 576 Brunonia, 731 Brunonie*, 731 Bryanthus, 833 Bryonia, 30-33 Bryony, 30-33 Bryony, White, 32 Bryophyllum, 109 Bubalina, 488 Bubon, 336 Bubon, 301. 307-309. 311.312. 316 Buchozia 633. Buddlea, 610 Buena, 470 479. 538 IV INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. Bulbocastanum, 289 Buglossum, 728 Bulliarda, 99 Bulliarda, 98 Bunium, 289-291 Iiunium, 262. 284-285. 288- 289. 307. 319 Bupleuroides, 635 Bupleurum, 296-301 Bupleurum, 280. 301. 376 Buprestis, 297- 301 Bur-parsley, 360 Burcardia, TO Burchellia, 488 Burghartia, TO Burnet-saxifrage, 291-294 Burneya, 554 Button-wood, 610-611 Button-weed, 619-623 C. Cachrys, 372-374 Cachrys 275. 313. 321. 347- 354. 374-376 Cactece, 156 Cacti, 156 Cactinete, 156 Cactoidea, 156 Cactus, 157-177 Cadamba, 550 Caiophora, 65 Calanchoe, 108, 109 Calandrinia, 78-80 Caldasia, 368 Caldcluvia, 200 Calico-bush, 850 Callicocca, 604-608 Callicoma, 201, 202 Callipeltis, 661 Calliphyllum, 213 Callista, 812-816 Callisace, 336 Callogyne, 726 Calluna, 828 Calycera, 696 CALYCEREjE, 696 Calycomis, 201 Calysphyrum, 665 Calycopliyllum, 486, 487 Cameraria, 82 Campanie®, 731 Campanula, 750-768. Campanula, 734-746. 750. 768- 773 Campanule-e, 746 CAMPANULACE.E, 731 Campanumcea, 735, 736 Campderia, 307 Campylosperm®, 359 Canaria, 736 Canarina, 736 Cariela, 478 Canephora, 488 Canepliora, 488 Canonanthus, 718 Canterbury bells, 737 Canthium, 562, 563 Canthium, 506, 507- 562. 564, 565 Cantua, 71 Capnopliyllum, 337 Capnophxjllum, 347 CAPRI FOLIACEiE, 435 Caprifolium, 444-449 Caprosma, 634, 635 Caquepiria, 498 Carapicliea, 608 Caraway, 288, 289 Cardionema, 90 Careuni, 288 Carica, 44 Caricece, 43 Carissa, 562 Carota, 354 Carphalea, 520 Carphalea, 486 Carrot, 353-359 Carrot, Candy, 316 Carrot, Common, 354-359 Carum, 288, 289 Carum, 284. 310. 322 Carvi, 288 Cascarilla, 474. 478, 479 Cassandra, 830 Cassidocarpus, 263 Cassiope, 829 Cassupa, 492 Cassytha, 176 Catchweed, 658 Catepha, 257 Catesbsea, 510, 511 Catesbaa, 517- 569 Caucaline®, 360 Caucalis, 360 Caucalis, 264. 347. 352, 353, 354. 361, 362 Cedrela, 196 Celeriac, 277 Celery, 277-279 Celosia, 91 Cenolophium, 313 Centella, 254, 255 Centrantlius, 672 CEPH®LIDE®, 604 Cephselis, 604-608 Cephcelis, 488. 585. 591. 608, 609 Cephalanthe®, 609 Cephalanthus, 610 Cephalanthus, 467-468 Cephalaria, 684-686 Cephalaria, 684. 688 Cephaleis, 604 Cephalina, 487 Cephalostigma, 735 Ceratopetalum, 202 Ceratopetalum, 202 Ceramia, 806, 807 Ceratosanthes, 39 Ceratostema, 863 Cerdia, 93 Cerefolium, 364-366 Cereus, 164-171 Cereus, Creeping, 168 Cereus, Night-flowering, 168 Cereus, 163. 170, 171 Cerionanthus, 684, 685 Ceriscus, 494. 500, 501 Cervaria, 333 Cervicaria, 750. 755 Cervicina, 742 Cestrum, 486. 599 Cevallia, 697 Chaerophyllum, 365-368 Cheerophyllum, 291. 362-365. 368, 369 Chamcr.cerasus , 446. 449, 450 Chameeledon, 850, 851. Chamsesciadium, 289 Chameedapline, 548 Chanderoba, 3 Chapeliera, 503 Charantia, 35 Chasalia, 603 Chate, 27 Chay, or Che, 529, 530 Chayota, 37 Chayote, 37 Cheese-rennet, 655 Chenocarpus, 619 Chervil, 364, 365 Chervil, Garden, 365 Chervil, Great, 369 Chervil, Sweet, 369 Chervil, Wild, 366 Chimaphila, 865 Chimaza, 865 Chimarrliis, 513 Chiococca, 568, 569 Chiocoeca, 520. 569 Chicoincea, 555 Chione, 554 Choco, 37 Chlorophytum, 611 Chloranthus, 434 CHLORANTHE.E, 433 Chomelia, 569 Chomelia, 553 Chona, 817, 818 Chondrocarpus, 248. 253 Chondrosea, 213-217 Christimia, 485 Chrysosplenium, 227 Chu-Lan, 434 Cianitis, 234 Cicely, 365-368 Cicuta, 275, 276 Cicuta, 283. 285, 286. 306. 313. 337. 377 Cicutaria, 275, 276. 304. 364 Cieca, 48 Ciliaria, 212, 213 Cinchona, 473-479 Cinchona, 468. 479-483. 486. 488. 511. 632 Cinch on ace®, 466 ClNCHONE®, 472 Citrullus, 40 Cladothamnus, 865, 866 Claytonia, 80 82 Claytonia, 76-80 Cleavers, 658 Clermontea, 698 Clethra, 841, 842 Cliffortia, 637 Cnidium, 313, 314 Cnidium, 313. 315. 317-319. 333. 369 Cobcea, 446 Coccocypselum, 508, 509 Coccocipsilum, 485-508 Coccocypsilum, 484. 509. 538. Codia, 202 Codia, 201 Codies, 202 Codonium, 432 Codonopsis, 736 Ccelosperm®, 381 Coelospermum, 558 Coffe, 579 Coffea, 579-584 Coffea, 440. 567. 569. 576. 578, 579. 603 Coffe ace®, 562 Coffee-tree, 579-584 Coffee-tree, Common, 579- 581 Coffee.®, 562 Coiladonia, 375 Colladonia, 598 Colobanthus, 83 Colocynth, 28 Colocynth, False, 41 Colocynthis, 28 Columbaria, 691 Condalia, 508, 509 Condaminea, 511, 512 Condylocarpus, 346 I Conioselinum, 321 I Conium, 376, 377 Conium, 291. 305. 314. 337- 341. 347. 360. 378 Conopodium, 290, 291 Conotrickia, 485 Conyza, 532 Cordiera, 543 Cordiere.®, 543 Coriander, 382 Coriandre®, 381 Coriandrum, 382 Coriandrum, 275. 306. 377- 381, 382 Cor ion, 381 Cormigonus, 514 Corn-Salad, 668 CORNER, 398 Cornelian Cherry, 400 Cornidia, 234 Cornus, 398-401 Cornus, 442 Corrigiola, 86 Corrigiola, 89 Cortia, 337 Cosmelia, 784 Cosmia, 78 Cosmibuena, 479 Cosmibuena, 478 Cotyledon, 109-11 1 Cotyledon, 99. 108, 109. 111- 113. 214. 249 Coussaria, 576 Coutarea, 472 Covelia, 619 Cowbane, 276 Cow-berry, 856 Cow-parsnip, 341 -344 Cow-parsley, Smooth, 364 Cranberry, Common, 858 Cranberry, American, 858 Crantzia, 255 Crassouvia, 109.' Crassula, 99-103 Crassula, 80. 98-108. 118, 119 CRASSULACEjE, 97 Crassulece, 97 Crassule®, 98 Crethamus, 321 Creodus, 434 Critamus, 285 Crithmum, 321 Crithmum, 285.307- 311- 313. 319 Crosswort, 641, 642. 656. 662 Crucianella, 640-642 Crucianella, 627 Cruciata, 656 Cruciella, 258 Cruckshanksia, 631 Crusea, 627 Crusea, 554. 630 Cryphcea, 434 Cryptocarpha, 696 Cryptopetalum, 232 Cryptospermum, 291. 663 Cryptotaenia, 291 Cucullaria, 661 Cucumeroides, 30. Cucumber, 15-28 Cucumbers, 15-27 Cucumber, Small-seeded, 34 Cucumber, Squirting, 34-36. Cucumis, 5-28 Cucumis, 28, 29. 38 Cucurbita, 40-42 Cucurbita, 4, 5. 28-30 CUCURBITACErE, 1 CUCURBITE®, 24 Cuellaria, 841, 842 Cumbulan, 29 Cumin, 348 CUMINE®, 347 Cuminum, 348 Cuminoides, 370. Cuncea, 633 Cunninghamia, 553 Cunonia, 201 CUNONIACE.E, 196 Cunonie®, 197 Cupi, 506 Cupia, 506, 507 Currant, 186-191 Currants, Black, 190 Currants, Red, 188, 189 Currants, White, 188, 189 Curtogyne, 106 Cussonia, 387 Cuviera, 559 Cuviera, 560 Cyanea, 699 Cyathodes, 776 Cyathodes, 781 Cyclospermum, 282 Cymbocarpum, 382 Cymopterus, 350 Cynapium, 306 Cynosciadium, 305 Cyphia, 718 Cypselea, 73 Cyrtanthus, 493 Cyrtospermum, 291 Cystanthe, 785 D. Dactylites, 218 Dactyloides, 218 Daboecia, 833 Dahlia, 397 Damnacanthus, 562 Dampiera, 730, 731 Danaa, 380 Danais, 483 Danewort, 436 Darluca, 571 Dasyanthes, 826 Dasyloma, 305 Dasyspermum, 291 Dasystemon, 99 Daucine®, 353 Daucus, 353-359 Daucus, 284. 287- 316. 320. 333. 353. 360 Deadly-carrot, 349, 350 Decaspora, 781 Declieuxia, 566-568 Deforgia, 195 Deidamia, 59 Delissea, 699 Democritea, 61 1 Dendrophthoe, 418-420 Dentella, 524 Dentella, 523 Deppea, 524 Dermasea, 217, 218 Desmia, 807 Desclirea, 569 Deverra, 307 Diamorpha, 125 Diaphyllum, 298 Diaspasis, 730 Diconangia, 196 Dicorypha, 397 Dicoryphe, 397 Dicrobotryum, 551 Didiscus, 256 Diervilla, 444 Dieterica, 200 Dietrichia, 107 Dill, 337 Dillenia, 637 Dimetopia, 256 INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. v Diodia, C24-626 Diodia, 485. C12. 615. 620. 623. 626, 627 Diototheea, 681 Diplecosia, 838 Diplospora, 565 Diposis, 262 DIPSACEjE, 681 Dipsacus, 682-684 Diptera, 206 Dipterygia, 263 Discopleura, 283 Disemma, 56 Disodea, 560 Distylis, 726 Ditoca, 95 Dog-bramble, 178 Dog’s-poison, 306 Dogwood, 398-401 Dogberry-tree, 399 Donatia, 231 Dondia, 265 Dondisia, 559 Dondisia, 265 Dorema, 328 Dortmanna, 715 Dracophyllum, 785 Dracophyllum, 785 Drepanophyllum, 285. 295 Dringi, 29 Drummondia, 228 Drusa, 261 Dufresnia, 667 Duhamelia, 489. 540-542 Dunalia, 536 Duroia, 495 Dwarf elder, 436 Dysoda, 633 E. Earth-nut, 289-291 Earth-chestnut, 290, 291 Ecbalium, 36 Echeveria, 113 Echeveria, 70, 71 Echinocactus, 161-163. Echinoc actus, 157- 161 Echinophora, 371 Echinophora, 353. 360. 373 Ectasis, 826, 827 Elaeoselinum, 360 El*oseline*, 359 Elaterium, 34 Elaterium, 36 Elatine, 768 Elder, 436-438 Elytranthe, 425-428 Endressia, 315 Enkianthus, 833, 834 Enymonospermum, 378 Epacris, 781-783 Epacris, 778. 781. 783-785 EPACRIDEjE, 773 Epacrie*, 781 Epigaea, 841 Epiphyllum, 170, 171 Epithinia, 565 Eremia, 828 Erica, 790-800 Erica, 800-828. 833. Ericeje, 790 ERICACEAE, 785 Erigenia, 256 Erineon, 750 Eriocalia, 263 Eriodesmia, 827, 828 Eriogynia, 226 Eriosynaplie, 329 Erithalis, 557 Erithalis, 543. 554 Erithodes, 725 Ernodea, 633 Ernodea, 514. 634 Eropheron, 206 Eryngium, 266-274 Eryngium, 263 Eryngo, 266-274 Erythrodanum, 547, 548 Erythropalum, 29 Escallonia, 192-195 ESCALLONIEjE, 192 Eubasis, 433 Eulophus, 381 Eumachia, 566 Euosma, 539 Euosmia, 539 Eurylepis, 807-809 Eurystegia, 809, 810 Euryloma, 816, 817 Eurothia, 608 Euspermacoce*, 611 Euthales, 726 Evea, 606 Evosma, 510. 539 Evosmia, 538, 539 Exocantha, 371, 372 Exostema, 480 Exostemma, 480-483 Eyselia, 647 F, Falcaria, 285 Famarea, 578 Faramea, 578 Fareiria, 473 Fedia, 671 Fedia, 666-671. 680 Female Cornel, 399 Fennel, 306, 307 Fennel, Giant, 325-328 Fernelia, 509 Fernelia, 484 Ferula, 325-328 Ferula, 323, 324. 329. 331, 332. 334. 336 Ferulago, 325 Ferularia, 325 Feuillcea, 39 Feuillea, 3 Fever-wort, 443,444 Fevillea, 3 Ficoidea, 153 FICOIDE.E, 125 Field Madder, 637 Fig Marigold, 125-151 Finocchio, 306 Fischera, 257, 851 Floerkea, 769. 771 Flowk Wort, 248 Foeniculum, 306, 307 Fceniculum, 336 Fool’s Parsley, 306 Forgesia, 195 Forstera, 722 Fothergilla, 397 Fothergille*, 397 Fouquiera, 70 Fauquier a, 71 FOUQUIERACEyE, 70 Fragosa, 259 Fragosa, 260, 261 Franciscea, 107 Francoa, 204 Francoaeet z, 203 Frcclichia, 450. 576 Fuchsia, 542 G. Gaiadendron. 431, 432 Gaillonia, 632 GALACINiE, 203 Galax, 204 Galbanophora, 336 Galbanum, 348 Galeee, 637 Galium, 647-661 Galium, 637-640. 645, 646. 661, 662 Galopina, 635 Galvania, 599 Gambier, 469, 470 Gambir, 460, 470 Gardenia, 496-499 Gardenia, 494, 495. 499-504. 506. 511. 542. 562. 564 Gardeniace*, 487 Gardenieae, 488 Gastonia, 388 Gastonia, 387 Gater Tree, 399 Gaultheria, 839-841. Gaultheria, 841 Gaya, 320 Gaylussacia, 858-860 Geissois, 203 Genipa, 495 Genipa, 505. 542 Genipella, 542 Geophila, 608, 609 Geryonia, 206 Gerontogea, 529-531 Geunsia, 79 Gilibertia, 387 Gingidium, 353, 354 Ginginsia, 83 Ginseng, 384 Gladiolus, 715 Glinus, 154 Glinus, 153, 154 Globulea, 105, 106 Glossoma, 401 Glyceria, 248 Goat’s Fennel, 373, 374 Gohoria, 287 Gomara, 99 Gomozia, 547 Gonotheca, 532 Gout Weed, 288 Gonzalea, 537, 538 Gonzalagunia, 537 Goodenie*, 723 Goodenia, 723-726 Goodenia, 726. 729-731 GOODENOVIjE, 722 Gooseberry, 177-185 Gooseberries, 179-185 Goose-grass, 658-660 Gooseshare, 658 Gosling-weed, 658 Gourds, 40-42 Gourd, 4, 5 Gourd, Bottle, 4 Gourd, Trumpet, 4 Gourgourde, 4 Gourgourdette, 41 Gourd, Cheese, 40 Gourd, Orange, 41 Grahamia, 75 Grammanthes, 106 Grammatocarpus, 65 Grammosciadium, 370 Granadilla, 51-53. 55 Gronovia, 43 Grossularia, 177 GROSSULARIEjE, 177 Ground-nut, 291 Grulhamannia, 611 Grumilea, 577 Grumilia, 577 Gr unilea, 577 Guelder-rose, 443 Guettarda, 550-553 Guettarda, 538. 553, 554. 586 Guettardace*, 544 Guettardeae, 547 Guilleminea, 96 Gum-ammoniac, 328, 329 Gum-galbanum, 348 Gymnocarpon, 87 Gymnocarpos, 87 Gymnocarpum, 87 Gymnocarpus, 87 Gymnopleura, 60 Gynocthodes, 558 Gynopachys, 492 Gynopera, 206 Gytonaiithus, 666 Gypsocallis, 800-804 H. Hacquetia, 265 Hacquetia, 263 Heenkea, 80. 432 Hcenselera, 380 Hagea. 90, 91. 93 Halesia, 550 Hamameleje, 396 HAMAMELIDEjE, 395 Hamamelis, 396 Hamamelis, 397 Hamelia, 540-542 Hamelia, 451, 489 Hamelie*, 538 Hamiltonia, 554, 555 Hamiltonia, 555 Ilare’s-ear, 296-301. 635 Flariota, 176 Hart-wort, 346 Hasselquistia, 345 Hawk-nut, 290 Heath, 790-800 Heath, Cantabrian, 833 Hedera, 391-395 Hedera, 385, 386. 390 Hedge-parsley, 361, 362 Hedgehog-thistle, 161-163 Hedyosmum, 434 HEDYOTE*, 524 HedyotidEjE, 511 Hedyotis, 524-527 Hedyotis, 516, 517- 524. 527- 536. 538. 618. 621. 663 Heinsia, 503 Helleborus, 266 Helosciadium, 281-283 Helospora, 504 Hemesotria, 670 Hemlock, 347 Hemlock, Water, 276 Heracleum, 341-344 Heracleum, 293. 340, 341. 345, 346 Herb Gerard, 288 Hermas, 376 Hermas, 301 Herniaria, 86-87 Herrera, 557 Heteromorpha, 301 Heterosciadium, 263 Ileuchera, 229-231 Heucltera, 232 Hexactina, 489 Hexasepalum, 623 Higginsia, 510 Higginsia, 510. 539 Highland-miken, 320 Hillia, 473 Himatanthus, 664 Hippobroma, 717 Hippomarathrum, 308. 373 Hippotis, 504 Hippotis, 584 Hirculus, 21 1 Hoffmannia, 510 Iioffmannia, 514 Hololachna, 156 Holosteum, 93 Holostigma, 716 Homalocarpus, 262 Hondbessen, 562 Honewort, 280 Honeysuckle, 444-451 Horsfieldia, 266 Hortensia, 233 House-leek, 122-124 Houstonia, 486. 534, 535, 566 Huanaca, 261, 262 Hugelia, 256 Hyala, 90 Hydnophytum, 547 Hydrangea, 232-234 Hydrangea, 234 Hydrangea, 232 Hydrocotyle, 248-255 Hydrocotyle, 255, 256. 261, 262. 282 Hydrocotyle*, 248 Hydrophilax, 633 Hydrophilax, 618. 634 Hydropyxis, 84 Hylacium, 559 Hymenanthes, 849 Hymenodictyon, 480 Hymenogyne, 151 Hymenolaena, 378, 379 Hymenopogon, 473 Hypericum, 155 Hypobathrum, 547 Hypopitys, 866 I. Ignatia, 497 Illecebre*, 86 Illecebrum, 88 Illecebrum, 74. 87, 88-93 Imperatoria, 335 Imperatoria, 315. 318. 322- 334 Indian Fig, 171-175 Indian Mulberry, 544-547 Involucraria, 42 Ipecacuanha noir, 585 Ipecacuanha, Spanish Ameri- can, 585 Ipecacuanha, Brown, 606, 607 Ipecacuanha, 606, 607 Ipecacuanha, White, 627, 628 Irish Whorts, 833 Iron-wood Tree, 565, 566 Isertia, 538 Isertie*, 536 Isidorea, 514 Isika, 449 Isophyllum, 297 Isotoma, 71 6 Itea, 196 Ivy, 391. 395 Ivy, Common, 391 Ivy, Irish, 391 Ixora, 570-574 Ixora, 486. 517. 556. 570. 574-579 VI INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. J. Janipaba, 495 Jackia, 6‘04 Jaracatia, 43 Jasione, 733, 734 Jasione, 266 Javilla, 3 Johrenia, 345 Jasminum, 496 Jasmine, Cape, 496 Jatamangsi, or Jatamansi, 667 Joliffia, 39, 40 Juncaria, 93 Jupiter’s beard, 124 Jupiter’s Eye, 124 Juvanee, 285 K. Kadua, 533 Kalanchoe, 108 Kalmia, 850 Kalosanthes, 107 Karpaton, 453 Kentranthus, 672 Kingstonia, 211 Kinkina, 474. 482 Klaprothia, 66 Knautia, 686-688 Knautia, 688, 689 Knawel , 95 Knotgrass, 88 Knoxia, 628, 629 Knoxia, 532. 535. 568. 612. 623. 633 Kohautia, 532 Kolbia, 43 Krubera, 347 Kundmannia, 307 Kutchubaea, 492 Kyrtanthus, 493 L. Labrador Tea, 851 Lady’s bed-straw, 655 Lagenaria, 4 Lagcecia, 370 Lagoecia, 288 Lahaya, 91-93 Lamb’s lettuce, 667-671 Lampra, 256 Lamprotis, 810-812 Landia, 491 Laretia, 261 Larochea, 106. 108 Laserpitium, 350-352 Laserpitium, 313-315. 317- 320-324. 327- 335. 341. 348. 352. 354. 360. 374, 375 Laserwort, 350-352 Lasianthus, 548. 555 Lasionema, 479 Lasiostoma, 547 Luugeria, 551, 552. 554. Lauristine, 439. Lauristinus, 439 Lawsonia, 520 Lecanantlius, 472 Lechenaultia, 727 Lecockia, 375 Ledeburia, 293 Lecontea, 561 Ledum, 851 Ledum, 851 Legouzia, 743. 768, 769 Leiospermum, 200 Leiotulus, 340 Leiophyllum, 851 Lemia, 73 Lentago, 438. 440 Lepeostegeres, 427 Lepicephalus, 684-686 Leptarrhena, 226 Leptasea, 212, 213 Leptocaulis, 283, 284 Leptodermis, 555 Leptrina, 82, 83 Lepuropetalum, 231 Lessonia, 274 Leucolatia, 258 Leucopogon, 777- 780 Leucothoe, 831, 832 Levenhookia, 722 Levisticum, 321 Lewisia, 77, 78 Leycesteria, 451 Libanotis, 311. 313 Libanotis, 316 Lichtensteinia, 301 Lichtensteinia, 423 Lightfootia, 734, 735 Liglitfootia, 514. 744 Ligularia, 208 Ligusticum, 317, 318 Ligusticum, 279. 284, 285. 288. 304. 306, 307- 312- 315. 319-321. 325. 327- 330. 333. 335, 351. 369. 378-380 Limnia, 81, 82 Ling, 828 Ling-heather, 828 Ligustrum, 520 Linnsea, 452 Linum, 536 Lipostoma, 663 Lissanthe, 776 Listeria, 528 Lithophila, 94 Litosanthes, 557 Loasa, 62-65 Loasa, 62. 65 LOASE.E, 61 Lobaria, 210. 224, 225 Lobelia, 704-715 Lobelia, 698-704. 715-719. 728. 735. 742 LOBELIACEjE, 697 Loeflingia, 96, 97 Loeflingia, 90. 92 Loiseleuria, 850, 851. Lomatium, 327 Lonicera, 444-451 Lonicera, 424. 444. 451. 488. 568 Lonicere*, 443 Loosa, 62 Lophandra, 810 I.ophosciadium, 352 LORANTHACEjE, 401 Loranthece, 401 Loranthidece, 401 Loranthus, 409. 430, 431 Loranthus, 404. 406. 409-432. 450 Lovage, 317-319 Lovage, Common, 321 Loxanthera. 430 Lucinaea, 487, 488 Luculia, 480 Lucya, 536 Luffa, 28, 29 Lussacia, 859 Lychniscabiosa, 686 Lycium, 633 Lygislum, 484. 538 Lygodysodea, 560 Lygodysodea, 561 Lygodysodeacea, 560 Lyonia, 830, 831 Lysinema, 783 Lysipomia, 716, 717 Lysipomia, 726 M. Machaonia, 632 Macrocnemum, 512 Macrocnemum, 478. 487- 489. 492. 501. 511 513 Madder, 642. 647 Madder, Dyers’, 643, 644 Madder, Indian, 529, 530. 642 Magydaris, 375 Malabaila, 340 Malanea, 553 Malanea, 483. 553, 554 Malesherbia, 60 MALESHERBIACEjE, 60 Malesherbice, 60. Male cornel, 400 Mammillaria 157- 160 Manettia, 483-485 Manettia, 490 Mapouria, 588 Maralia, 387 Marathrum, 309 Margaris, 569 Marianthemum, 750 Marlea, 396 Marquisia, 565 Maschalanthe, 540 Masterwort, Great, 335 Masterwort, 265, 266. 335, 336 Masterwort, Wild, 288 Mastixia, 401 Matthiola, 551 Mauchartia, 281 May-apple, 53 Meadow-saxifrage, 308 311 Medium, 750, 751 Meerburgia, 94 Megasea, 206 Meladora, 833 Melanopsidium, 542. 560 Melanoselinum, 352 Melanoselinum, 318 Melichrus, 773, 776 Melo, 5 Melon, 5-15. 27 Melon, Water, 28 Melons, 5-15 Melons, Maltese, 6 Melons, Persian, 6, 7 Melons, Cantaloup, 5, 6 Melocactus, 160, 161 Melon thistle, 160, 161 Melopepo, 40 Melothria, 37 Memecylum, 841 Menestoria, 504 Mentzelia, 65, 66 Mentzelia, 61 Menziesia, 850. Menziesia, 833 Mephitidia, 548, 549 Merciera, 772 Mercurialis, 254 Merida, 73 Meridiana, 73-73 Mesembryanthemum, 125-151 Metabolos, 536, 537 Meu, 320 Meum, 320 Meum, 281, 282. 289. 336,307- 315, 316. 320. 336 Meynea, 550 Michauxia, 730 Micranthes, 217 Microcodon, 737 Micropetalum, 208 Micropleura, 256 Milk-Parsley, 322 Milkwort, 739 Miltus, 154 Mindium rhazes, 750 Minuartia, 96 Minuartie*, 96 Misodendron, 408, 409 Mistletoe, 402-409 Mistletoe, Common, 403 Mitchella, 548 Mitella, 227, 228 Mitella, 228 Mitracarpum, 630, 631 Mitrophora, 671 Mniarum, 95 Modecca, 58, 59 Mollia, 91-93 Molopospermum, 368. Momordica, 35-37 Momordica, 29. 34. 39. 42 Monantbes, 124 Moneses, 865 Monopsis, 717 Monotoca, 780 Monotoca, 781 Monotropa, 866 Monotropa, 866 Monotrope*, 866 Montia, 82 Moor-Heath, 800-804 Moquinia, 423 Morelia, 543 Morinda, 544-547 Morinda, 488. 569. 606 Morindeae, 544 Morina, 681 , 682 Morine*, 681 Moschatell, 384 Moschatellina, 383, 384 Mouffeta, 666 Muline*, 260 Mulinum, 261 Mulinum, 261-263 Munjith, 642 Muricia, 42 Murucuja, 56 Muricuja, 56-58 Muscaria, 218, 219. 222, 223 Musssenda, 489-492 Musscenda, 480. 486, 487- 502. 603 Musschia, 772 Mycetia, 506 Mylinum, 322 Myonima, 556 Myrmecodia, 547 Myrmecodia , 547 Myrrhis, 369 Myrrhis, 290, 291. 363, 364- 370 Myrtiphyllum, 593 N. Nacibea, 483-485. 510 Nardostachys, 666, 667 Nauclea, 466-469 Nauclea, 469-472. 487- 610 Nauclee*, 466 Navel-wort, 111, 112 Neckeria, 94 Needhamia, 781 Nenax, 637 Nertera, 547 Nertera, 548 Nerteria, 547 Nescidia, 565 Neurosperma, 37 New Zealand Spinach, 152 Nhandiroba, 3 Nhandirobe*, 3 Nigrina, 434 Nintooa, 447 Nitraria, 155 NITRARIACEAL, 154 Nobula, 635 Nonatelia, 557, 558 Nonalelia, 555. 557. 592. 664 Nopal ere, 156 Notanthera, 428-430 Nuytsia, 432 O. Obolaria, 452 Octavia, 557 Octodon, 611 Octopera, 828 Odontites, 296, 297 Odontocarpa, 667 (Enanthe, 302-304 GEnantlie, 262. 301, 302. 305. 311. 320. 338 O’ Higginsia, 510, 539 Oldenlandia, 527-532 Oldenlandia, 232. 517- 524- 527. 533. 536. 622. 630 Oligacoce, 677, 678 Oligarrhena, 781 Olive-Parsley, 360 Oliveria, 370 Olostyla, 540 Opercularia, 662, 663 Opercularia, 662 Opercularie*, 662 Ophiorhiza, 521-523 Ophiorhiza, 490 Opopanax, 324 Opulus, 442 Opuntia, 171-175 Opuntia, 170 Opuntiace*, 157 Oreoselinum, 330. 333, 334. 380 Oribasia, 557, 558 Orlaya, 353 Orostachys, 112, 113 Orpine, 85, 86. 116 Ortega, 93 Ortegia, 93 Orthosperm*, 248 Ortiga, 62 Orygia, 154 Oshac, or Ooshak, 328, 329 Osmorliiza, 369, 370 Osterdykia, 201 Ostericum, 322 Ottoa, 302 Ourovparia, 471 Ovilla, 733 Oxyanthus, 494 Ovyanthus, 491 Oxyceros, 502 Oxycoccus, 857, 658. Oxy coccus, 841 P. Pachysa, 805, 806 Pacliypleurum, 347 Padavara, 546 Paederia, 561, 562 Paderia, 483. 485 PAEDERIEA:, 560 Palicourea, 598-603 Palicourea, 591 Palicurea, 586. 599 Palimbia, 329, 330 Panax, 384-386 Panax, 265. 389 Panke, 204 Papaw tree, 44-45 Papaya, 44 Papaya, 43 PAPAYACEjE, 43 Papilla, 677 Papularia, 72 Parastranthus, 716 Paratropia, 395 Paronychia, 88-90 Paronychia, 87- 88-93 PARONYCHIEjE, 84 Paropsia, 46 Paropsiea:, 46 Parsley, 279-280 Parsley, Macedonian, 316 Parsnip, 338-340 Parsnip, Garden, 338 340 Pasclianthus 58 Passion-flower, 46-55 Passiflora, 46-54 Passiflora, 56 58 PASSIFLOREA2, 45 Passifloreas ver*, 46 Pastinaca, 338-340 Pastinaca, 323, 324. 327. 336. 338. 345. 354 Patabea, 609 Patabea, 488 Patima, 543 Patrinia, 666 Patrinia, 667 Pautsauvia, 396 Pavate, 574 Pavetta, 574-576 Pavetta, 562. 571, 572. 599. 634 Peach, African, 487 Pearl -berry, 569 Pecheya, 576 Pecten veneris, 363 Pectophytum, 260 Peganum, 155 Penarvalli, 4 Penny-wort, 248-255 Pentachondra, 781 Pentacsena, 90 Pentacrypta, 276 Pentagonion, 768 Pentaphragma, 731 Penthorum, 125 Peplis, 536 Pepo, 40 Pepper Saxifrage, 319 Pereskia, 175, 176 Periclymenum, 444-446 Perlebia, 375 Pernettya, 836, 837 Perojoa, 779 Peruvian bark, Yellow, 474- 477 Peruvian bark, Red, 478 Peruvian bark, Pale, 474 Petagnia, 263, 264 Petesia, 507, 508 Petesia, 484. 515. 520. 527- 566 Petitia, 314 Petola, 29 Petromarula, 749 Petroselinum, 279, 280 INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. Petroselinum, 310 Petunga, 509, 510 Peucedaneas, 324 Peucedanum, 330 335 Peucedanum, 281. 286. 289. 290. 313 319. 320. 325. 330. 335. 340. 344 Phacosperma, 79 Phalerocarpus, 841. Phallaria, 559 Pharnaceum, 83. 92 Pliellandrium, 262. 304. 320 Phemeranthus, 76 Phosanthus, 538 Phthirusa, 421 Phu, 676 Phu, 679 Phyllachne, 722 Phyllactis, 672, 673 Phyllarthus, 170 Phyllis, 635 Phyllis, 635 Phyllodoce, 832, 833 Physocalycium, 109 Physospermum, 379, 380 Pliysospermum, 378 Phyteuma, 746-749 Phyteuma, 438. 731. 733, 734. 749, 750. 763 Phyteumoides, 521 Picnocomon, 684. 695 Pieris, 832 Pig-nut, 290 Pimpinella, 281-284. 288. 320 Pimpinella, 291-294 Pimpernel, 291-294 Pinknea, 486 Pinckneya, 486 Piringa, 498 Piriqueta, 70 Pistorinia, 1 11 Pithuranthos, 307 Pitonia, 481 Placoma, 634 Platanocephalus, 610 Platycodon, 737 Platylophus, 200 Platymerium, 664 Platyspermum, 353, 354 Plectritis, 671 Plectronia, 564 Plectronia, 385 Plenckia, 154 Pleurospermum, 378 Poaya, 615. 617 Poaya do praya, 615 Plocama, 634 Podagraria, 286, 287 Podopetalum, 315 Poiretia, 535 Polia, 90 Pollichia, 94 Pol Lie hie as, 94 Polycarpaea, 90 Polycarp^EjE, 90 Polycarpon, 93 Polycarpon, 231 Polygonifolia, 86 Polyosma, 401 Polyozus, 577 Polyphragmon, 543 Polypremum, 536. 671 Polipremum, 667 Polystemon, 203 Polyscias, 388 Polytaenia, 345 Pomangium, 524 Pomatium, 504 Pomax, 662 Pompion, 40 Ponceletia, 784 Poppya, 35 Porophyllum, 214 Porphyreon, 213 Portlandia, 513 Portlandiu, 472. 482. 514 Portulaca, 73-75 Portulaca, 75-78, 80. 154 Portulacaria, 80 PORTULACACE7E, 71 Posoqueria, 493 Posoqueria, 495. 500, 501. 503 Posoria, 493 Potima, 578 Pouchetia, 506 Pozoa, 262, 263 Pozoa, 263 Prangos, 374, 375 Pratia, 699, 700 Prickwood, 399 Prismatocarpus, 743, 744 Prismatocarpus, 768, 769 Prionitis, 285 Prionotes, 783, 784 Proustia, 263 Psathura, 555 Psathyra, 555 Psatura, 555 Psiguria, 42 Psilobium, 664 Psittacanthus, 415-418 Psychotria, 584-598 Psychotria, 546. 554. 557- 559. 583, 584. 599-603. 608, 609 Psychotriace a, 562 Psychotrophum, 592. 594. 608 Psydrax, 564 Psyllocarpus, 629, 630 Psyllocarpus, 567 Pterocephalus, 688, 689 Pteromaratlirum, 374 Pterophylla, 201 Pterospora, 866 Ptychotis, 284 Ptychodea, 520, 521 Purgosia, 103-105 Pumilea, 68 Pumpkin, 40 Purslane, 73-75 Purslane, Common, 73 Purslane-tree, 80 Putoria, 634 PUTORIEAS, 633 Pyrola, 863, 864 Pyrola, 865 Pyroleae, 863 Pyrostria, 556 Pyrostria, 554 Pyxidanthera, 231 Q. Queria, 96 Queria, 88 Queriacea:, 96 Quino, or Quina, 474-479. 482 Quinquina, 47 4- 477- 481 , 482. 491 Quintinia, 195 R. Rachicallis, 535, 536 Radiana, 73 Rampion, 746-750. 765 Rampion, Small, 765 Rampion, Garden, 765 Randia, 499 503 Randia, 495. 510, 51 1. 564 Rapunculus, 746, 747-765 Rapunculum, 746 Rapuntia, 750 Rapuntium, 706. 711. 717- 746 Razoumowshia, 408 Reaumuria, 155 REAUMURIACEjE, 155 Red Gum-Tree, 202 Relbum, 646 Rcmijia, 478, 479 Retiniphyllum, 557 Rhipsalidea:, 176 Rhipsalis, 176, 177 Rhodora, 848 Rhodoreae, 842 Rhododendron, 843-848 Rhododendron, 848 Rhodiola, 114, 122 Ribes, 177-191 Ribesie a, 177 Richardia, 627, 628 Richardsonia, 627, 628 Richea, 785 Rigocarpus, 5 River-wood, 513 Robertsonia, 206, 207 Rocama, 72 Rochea, 106, 107 Rochea, 107, 108 Roella, 745, 746 Roella, 734. 738. 742. 744. 772 Roioc, 544, 545 Rolofa, 154 Rollandia, 698 Ronabea, 584 Rondeletia, 514-517 Rondeletia, 491, 492. 501 . 506, 507- 517-521. 560 Rondeletiea:, 511 Rose-bay, 843 Rose-root, 114 Rothmannia, 498. 502 Roucela, 750. 761 Rubeola, 638, 639. 641, 642 Rubia, 642 647 Rubia, 96. 627- 638, 639, 641 RUBIACE.E, 453 Rubioides, 662, 663 Rudgea, 584 Rudgea, 583 Rulingia, 75-77 Rumia, 275 Rumia, 337 Rupture-wort, 86, 87 Russelia, 231 Rutidea, 577 Rytidea, 577 S. Sabicea, 539 Sagina, 83 Salaxis, 828 Salilbergia, 496 Saldinia, 569 Salzmannia, 609 Sambucea;, 436 Sambicineee, 436 Sambucus, 436-438 Sambucus, 388 Samphire, 321 Sanicle, 264, 265 Sanicula, 264, 265 Sanicula, 275 Saniculeae, 263 Saprosma, 576 Sarandi, 610 Sarcocephaleae, 487 Sarcocephalus, 487 Sarcostyles, 234 Sarissus, 84 Saxifraga, 206-226 Saxifraga, 226, 227- 292 SAXIFRAGACEaE, 204 Saxifrage, 206-226 Saxifrage, Golden, 227 Saxifrageae, 206 Scabiosa, 689- 695 Scabiosa, 684-689 Scabioseas, 682 Scabious, 689-696 Scabious, Sweet, 691 Scaligeria, 381 SCANDICINEAE, 362 Scandix, 363 Scandix, 289. 291. 360-362. 365-367. 369, 370. 375 ScEevola, 727-730 Sca:volea:, 727 Schiedea, 568 628 Sciadophytum, 235 Sciadophyllum, 390, 391 Sciadophyllum, 395 Schefflera, 389 Schizangium, 630 Schizomeria, 202 Schcepfia, 432 Schradera, 542 Schradera, 605 Schubertia, 266 Schultesia, 739 Schultzia, 286 Schultzia, 337 Schweinitzia, 867 Schwenkfeldia, 508. 539, 540. 558 SCLERANTHE/E, 94 ScLERANTHEAS, 95 Scleranthus, 95 Sclerococcus, 536 Sclerosciadium, 305 Sclerostemma, 689-691 Scolosanthus, 569 Scurrula, 421-425 Scyphanthus, 65 Scyphiphora, 634 Sea-holly, 268 Sea-holme, 268 Sea-hulver, 268 Sea- parsnip, 371 Sechium, 37 Sedum, 113-122 Sedum, 111-113. 122. 124-125 Selinea, 324 Selinum, 322 Selinum, 261. 280. 289. 310. 313-314. 318. 322-324. 330. 333 336. 338. 350. 352 Selliera, 725 Sellowia, 94 Sempervivce, 97- Sempervivum, 122-124 Sempervivum, 112. 119-121 Septas, 99 Serissa, 633 Serissa, 564 Serissus, 633, 634 Seseli, 308-311 Seseli, 277- 281-286. 288-289. 301. 304, 305. 312. 314. 316-320. 323. 369 Seselinea:, 301 Sesuvium, 152-153 Shallon, 839 Sheep’s-bane, 248 Sheep’s-laurel, 850 Sheep’s-scabious, 733-734 Sherardia, 637 viii Sherardia, C34. 659 Shepherd’s-needle, 363 Sicelium , 508, 509 Sickingia, 664 Sicyoides, 33 Sicyos, 33, 34 Sicyos, 36, 37- 261 Siderodendron, 565 Sideroxyloides, 565 Siebera, 257 Silaus, 319 Siler, 347, 348 Siler, 330 347- 351 SlLERINE*, 347 Simira, 588, 589 Sipanea, 520-521 Sipanea, 521 Siphocampylus, 700-704 Sisarum, 294 Siser, 338 Sison, 286 Sison, 256. 264. 276. 280. 282- 284. 286-291 294, 295. 330. 338. 377 381 Sium, 294-296 Sium, 277- 280-282. 284, 285. 289-291. 304. 307- 308. 310, 311.319. 330. 338 Skirret, 294-296 Smallage, 277 Smeathmannia, 46 Smyrne*, 370 Smyrnium, 380 Smyrnium, 276. 286. 315. 327- 380 Snake-gourd, 38, 39 Snake-root, 521 -523 Snow-ball Tree, 442 Snow-berry, 568, 569. 841. Solandra, 255 Solena, 31, 493 Sorantlius, 307, 308 Sow-fennel, 330 Sowa, 337 Spallanzania, 514 Spananthe, 262 Spananthe, 262 Spatularia, 207, 208 Specularia, 768, 769 Specularia, 717 Speculum veneris, 768 Sphenotoma, 785 Spermacoce, 619-623 Spermacoce, 61 1-618.624-633. 636 Spermacoce*, 609 Spermadiclyon , 554-555 Spermatura, 369 Sphallerocarpus, 368 Spielmannia, 281 Spikenard, 666, 667 Spikenard, American, 388 Spica Nardi, 667 Spignel, 316. 320 Spircea, 201 Spiradiclis, 524 Spirostylis, 430 Spondylium, 341-344 Spotted-leaved Laurel, 433 Sprengelia, 784, 785 Spurred Valerian, 672 Squash, 40 Staelia, 631, 632 St. Dabeoc’s Heath, 833 Staurospermum, 630 INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. Stellat*, 637 Stenanthera, 775 Stenoccelium, 347 Stenostemum, 553 Stenostomum, 553 Stephanium, 602 Stereoxylon, 192-195 Stevensia, 472 Stigmanthus, 560 Stigmatantlius, 560 Stilbe, 610 Stipularia, 664 Stipulicida, 93 Stone-crop, 114-122 Stone-parsley, 286. 312, 313 Straopha, 434 Strap-wort, 86 Strawberry -tree, 834, 835 Strempelia, 579 Struthanthus, 409-415 Strumpfia, 560 Strumphia, 560 Sturmia, 553 St. Peters’- wort, 451-452 STYLIDEAL, 619 Stylidium, 619-622 Stylidium, 396 Stylis, 396 Stylocorina, 540 Stylocoryna, 494 Stylocoryna, 506 Styphelia, 774-775 Styphelia, 775-778. 780, 781 Styphelie*, 774 Succisa, 684-686. 690 692. 695 Succulent*, 97 Sulphur-wort, 330-335 Suteria, 608 Sweet-cicely, 369 Symphyandra, 77L 772 Symphoria, 451, 452 Symplioricarpa, 451 Symphoricarpos, 451, 452 Symphoricarpos, 432. 448 Symphyogyne*, 203 Sympieza, 805 Syringodea, 818-826 Symphyoloma, 341 T. Tacsonia, 57 Tacsonia, 54 Tafalla, 434, 435 Talinum, 76, 77 Talinum, 75, 76. 78-80. 154 Tangaraca, 541 Tapogomea, 604-606. 608 Tarenna, 507 Teazle, 682-684 Teazle, Fuller’s, 682, 683 Teazle, Wild, 682 Telephiastrum, 75 Telephie*, 85 Telepliium, 85, 86 Telephium, 116 Telfairia, 39 Tellima, 228 Tenoria , 301. 341 Tepesia, 538 Terebrasia, 552 Terra Japonica, 469 Tertrea, 568 Tessiera, 632 Tetilla, 204 Tetragonia, 151, 152 Tetragonia, 79 Tetragonocarpus, 151 Tetrumerium, 578, 579 Tetter-berry, 32 Thapsia, 349 Thapsia, 315. 350, 351. 353. 360. 374, 375 Thapsie*, 349 Thaspium, 315 Thaspium, 276 Thibaudia, 860-862 Thibaudia, 859. 862, 863 Throat-wort, Great, 757 Throat-wort, 769 Thunbergia, 498 Thymelaa, 633 Thysselinum, 322. 332, 333. 336 Tiarella, 228, 229 Tiarella, 229, 230 Tiedemannia, 337 Tillaea, 98 Tilleea, 99. 118. 125 Timonius, 554 Tinus, 438, 439 Tocoyena, 492, 493 Tocoyena, 501 Tontanea, 509 Torch-thistle, 164-171 Tordyline*, 345 Tordylioides, 346 Tordylopsis, 346 Tordylium, 345, 346 Tordylium, 340. 345. 347. 361 , 362 Toricellia, 388 Torilis, 361, 362 Torilis, 361. 365 Tournefortia, 636 Trachelium, 769 Trachelium, 744. 750. 755. 756. 772 Trachymene, 257 Trachymene, 256, 257 Trachypleurum, 296 Trachyspermum, 284. 291 Tragium, 292-294 Tragoselinum, 288. 292 Trepocarpus, 348, 349 Trianthema, 72 Trianthema, 87- 153 Tricalycia, 543 Trichera, 687. 689 Trichlis, 93 Trichocladus, 397 Trichosanthes, 38, 39 Trichosanlhes, 3-37 Tridactylites, 225, 226 Trigonophyllum, 214 Trilophus, 396 Trinia, 281 Trinia, 275 Triodon, 626, 627 Triosteum, 443 Triosteum, 539 Triplinervium , 218 Triplostegia, 680 Tristerix, 418 Trochiscanthes, 315 Trochocarpa, 781 Trochocarpa, 776 Tula, 524 Tuna, 171-173 Tupa, 700 Turgenia, 361 Turgosia, 103 Turia, 30 Turk’s-cap, 160 Turnera, 67-70 Turnera, 70 TURNERACE7E, 66 U. Vcriana, 493 Ullucus, 80 Ulospermum, 347 Umbellatce, 235 UMBELLIFERiE, 235 Umbilicus, 111, 112 Uncaria, 469-471 Uncaria, 468 Uraspermum, 369, 370 Urophyllum, 540 Urceolaria, 542 Uva-ursi, 835 V. Vaccinie*, 851 Vaccinium, 851-857 Vaccinium, 833. 841. 857, 858 Vahlia, 231 Vaillantia, 662 Vaillantia, 656 Valantia, 646. 656-659. 661, 662 Valentiana, 453 Valerian, 672. 680 Valerian, Garden, 676 Valerian, Officinal, 679, 680 Valeriana, 672-680 Valeriana, 666-672. 680 VALERIANEjE, 665 Valerianella, 667-671 Valerianella, 635, 666 Vanguiera, 549-550 Vangueria, 549 Vareca, 59 Vauantlius, 106 Vavanga , 549 Vegetable marrow, 41 Ventenatia, 720, 77 3 Velaea, 369 Velleia, 726-727 Velleia, 726 Venus’s comb, 363 Venus’s looking-glass, 768, 769 Verea, 108 Vereia, 108 Verulamia, 570 Veslingia, 153 Viburnum, 438-443 Viburnum, 233, 234. 400 Vicatia, 377 Virecta, 521 Virecla , 520, 521 Vireya, 848 Viscoides, 593 Viscum, 402-408 Viscum, 408, 409 Visnaga, 287 Viticella, 204 Vitis idaea, 851 Viviania, 550. 552. 560 Votomita, 401 W. Wahlenbergia, 737-743 Wahlenbergia, 494. 735. 737 Wallichia, 540 Wallrothia, 320 Wallrothia, 290 Water chick weed, 82 Water parsnip, 294-296 Webera, 506, 507 Weber a, 563 Wegeila, 444 Water drop-wort, 302-304 Water drop-wort, Hemlock, 303 Wayfaring tree, 441 Wayfaring tree, American, 441 Weinmannia, 197 Weinmannia, 200, 201 Willdenovia, 514 Wendlandia, 517-520 Wendia, 344 Wendtia, 344 Wepferia, 305 White Bird’s Nest, 866 Whortle berry, 852-857 Wild hops, 32 Wild nep, 32 Wild Rosemary, 851. 829 Wild vine, 32 Wydleria, 280 Wild cornel-tree, 399 Wild cummin, 370 Windmannia, 197- 199 Winter-green, 863-865 Witch-hazel, 396, 397 Wolf-berry, 451 Woodbine, 445 Woodroof, 637, 640 Wood-rose, 640 Woodrowe, 640 Woodrowel, 640 Woodruff, 640 Wylia, 363, 364 X. Xanthophytum, 520 Xanthosia, 258 Xeranthus, 75 Xylosteum, 446. 448-450 Xylosteon, 446 Y. Yer-nut, 291 Yellow Bird’s nest, 866 Z. Zaleya, 72 Zaluzania, 505 Zamaria, 506 Zanonia, 3-4 Zantlioxylon, 385 Zenobia, 830 Zizia, 276 Zozima, 344, 345 Zozimia, 344, 345 Zucca, 43 Zuccarinia, 487 THE GARDENER’S AND BOTANIST’S DICTIONARY. Order C.III. CUCURBITA'CEiE (plants agreeing with Cucurbita in important characters). Juss. gen. p. 393. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p.688. Aug. St. Hil. in mem. mus. 9. p. 190-221. Ser. in mem soc. hist. nat. gen. vol. 3. p. 1. D. C. prod. 3. p. 297. Lindl. introd. nat. syst. p. 192. Flowers hermaphrodite, monoecious or dioecious (f. 1. b. c. f. 3. b. c.), axillary. Calyx gamosepalous (f. 3. a. b.), .'3-toothed, sometimes obsolete. Corolla 5-petalled (f. 2. a. f. 1. c. f. 3. c.), but usually only 5-parted, distinct from the calyx, and some- times somewhat continuous with it, rising from the margin of the torus, sometimes fringed, constantly yellow, white, or red, very cellular, with strongly marked, reticulated veins. Stamens 5, either distinct, or joined in 3 parcels, and sometimes all together ; filaments rarely pilose ; anthers 2-celled, very long, sinuous, rarely ovate and short. Style rarely almost wanting, crowned by 3-5 2-lobed stigmas, which are thick and velvety, but rarely fringed. Ovarium 1 -celled, with 3 parietal placentas. Fruit fleshy, more or less succulent, crowned by the scar formed by the calyx, 1-celled (f. 3. e. f. 2. 6.), with 3 parietal placentas, which are indicated on the outside by nerves. Umbilical funicle tumid towards the seeds. Seeds frequently obovate, flat, fixed to the parietes of the fruit, enveloped in an arillus, which is either juicy, or dry and membranous ; testa coriaceous, often thick at the margins ; hylum oblique at the top of the seed. Embryo straight, flat, without albumen. Cotyledons foliaceous, pal- mately nerved ; radicle basilar, directed towards the hylum. — Roots annual or perennial, fibrous or tuberous. Stems herba- ceous, climbing by means of tendrils. Leaves palmate, or with palmate ribs, succulent, covered with numerous asperities. Ten- drils solitary, lateral, divided or undivided. Flowers solitary, panicled, or in fascicles. Bracteas usually wanting. Branches rising between the leaves and tendrils. This order is nearly related to Passiflorece, to which they are so closely allied, as hardly to be distinguishable, except in their monopetalous corolla, sinuous stamens, unisexual flowers, and exalbuminous seeds, the habit of both being nearly the same. There is an affinity between the order and Campanuldcece in the vol. in. perigynous insertion of the stamens, the inferior ovarium, the single style with several stigmas, the quinary division of the flower, connected with the ternary division of the fruit, and some analogy in the nature of the floral envelopes. The small tribe Nliandirobece consists of plants having the habit of Cucurbitacece, but some resemblance in their fruit to that of Lecythidece, which, as is well known, border close upon Myr- tacece ; but beyond this resemblance of the fruit, which appears altogether to be a structure of analogy rather than that of affinity, there is nothing to confirm the approachment. Cucurbitacece is one of the most useful orders in the vegetable kingdom, comprehending the melon, the cucumber, the choco, and the various species of gourd and pumpkin, all useful as food for man. A bitter laxative quality perhaps pervades all these, which in the eolocynth is so concentrated as to become an active purgative principle. The eolocynth of the shops is prepared from the pulp of Cucumus colocyntJius ; it is of so drastic and irritating a nature, as to be classed by Orfila among his poisons ; but, according to Thunberg, this gourd is rendered perfectly mild at the Cape of Good Hope, by being properly pickled, Ainslie 1. p. 85. The bitter resinous matter in which the active principles of eolocynth are supposed to exist, is called by chemists colocynthine. A waxy substance is secreted by the fruit of Benincasa cerifera. It is produced in most abundance at the time of its ripening. Delisle descrip. The leaf of Feuil- lea cordi/olia, is asserted by M. Drapiez to be a powerful anti- dote against vegetable poisons. Edinb. phil. journ. 4. p. 221. The fruit of Trichosdnthes palmata, pounded small, and inti- mately blended with warm cocoa-nut oil, is considered a valuable application in India for cleansing and healing the offensive sores which sometimes take place in the inside of the ears. It is also supposed to be a useful remedy poured up the nostrils in cases of ozaema. Ainslie 2. p. 85. The root of Bryonia possesses powerful purgative properties, but is said to be capable of becoming wholesome food, if properly cooked. The perennial roots of all the order appear to contain similar bitter drastic virtues, especially that of Momordica elaterium or Squirting B 9 CUCURBITACEAH. Cucumber. An extremely active poisonous principle, called elatine, has also been found in the placentas of the fruit of this plant. It exists in such extremely small quantity, that Dr. Clutterbuck only obtained 6 grains from 40 fruit. Edinb. phil. journ. 3. p. 307. An ingenious explanation of the cause of the singular ejection of the seeds of this plant will be found in Dutrochet’s Nouvelles Recherches sur V Exosmose. The root of Bryonia rostrata is prescribed in India internally in electuary in cases of piles. It is also used as a demulcent, in the form of powder. That of Bryonia cordifolia is considered cooling, and to possess virtues in complaints requiring expectorants. Ainslie 2. p. 21. The root of Bryonia epigce'a was once supposed to be the famous colomba-root, to which it approaches very nearly in quality. The tender shoots and leaves of Bryonia scdbra are aperient, having been previously roasted. Ainslie 2. p. 212. The seeds of all the species are sweet and oily, and capable of forming very readily an emulsion. Those of Ampelosicyos scdndens are as large as chestnuts, and said to be as good as almonds, having a very agreeable flavour. When pressed they yield an abund- ance of oil, equal to that of the finest olives. De Candolle remarks that the seeds of this family never participate in the property of the pulp that surrounds them. Synopsis of the Genera. Tribe I. Nhandiro'be.k. Tendrils axillary, in the place of peduncles. Flowers dioecious. 1 Feui'llea. Calyx of the male flowers 5-cleft. Petals 5, joined at the base. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, some- times 10, but 5 of them are sterile. Calyx of the female flowers 5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct. Styles 3 ; stigmas broad, bifid. Fruit globose, fleshy. 2 Zanonia. Male flowers. Calyx 3-lobed (f. 1. a.). Petals 5, joined into a 5-parted rotate, spreading corolla (f. 1. b. c.). Stamens 5, joined at the base ; anthers 1-celied. Female flowers. Calyx with a long turbinate tube, and a 5-lobed limb. Corolla as in the male flowers. Styles 3, spreading, bifid at the apex. Fruit long, turbinate, fleshy ; seeds winged (f. 1 . d. e.). Tribe II. Cucurbi'te^:. Tendrils lateral, stipular. Flowers herma- phrodite, dioecious, or monoecious. 3 Lagena'ria. Calyx campanulate, with subulate or broadish segments ; corolla white ; petals obovate. Stamens 5, triadel- phous. Stigmas 3, thick, 2-lobed. Fruit 3-5-celled. Flowers dioecious. 4 Cu'cumis. Calyx tubularly-campanulate, with subulate segments. Petals almost distinct. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels. Stig- mas 3, thick, bipartite. Fruit 3-6-celled. Flowers monoecious or hermaphrodite, yellow. 5 Lu'ffa. Male flowers panicled ; tube of calyx hemisphe- rical. Petals distinct. Stamens 5, free ; anthers very sinuous. Female flowers solitary ; tube of calyx clavate. Stigmas reni- form. Fruit ovate, 3-celled. Flowers yellow. 6 Beninca'sa. Flowers polygamous, monoecious, solitary ; calycine segments with undulated, toothed margins. Petals obovate, spreading, curled. Stamens in 3 parcels ; anthers irregular, with distant circumvolutions. Stigmas very thick. Flowers yellow. 7 Erythropa'lum. Flowers monoecious. Limb of calyx obsoletely 5-toothed. Petals 5, bicallous at base inside. Sta- mens 5, rising from the edge of the tube. Style short. Fruit clavate, 1-celled, 3-valved, 1 -seeded. 8 Tu'ria. Flowers monoecious. Male ones umbellate. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-petalled. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels ; anthers irregularly undulated. Stamens barren in the female flowers. Stigmas 3, 2-lobed. Fruit cylindrical, villous, warted. 9 Bryonia. Flowers monoecious or dioecious ; petals almost distinct. Male flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Stamens in 3 parcels. Anthers flexuous. Female flowers. Style trifid. Fruit ovate or globose, smooth. Tendrils usually simple, seldom bifid. 10 Si'cyos. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-parted. Filaments 3. Female flower. Style trifid ; stigmas thickish, trifid. Fruit 1-seeded from abor- tion, usually beset with spines. Peduncles many-flowered. 11 Elate'rium. Flowers monoecious ; male ones racemose or corymbose. Calyx with inconspicuous teeth. Corolla hardly gamopetalous. Filaments and anthers joined. Female flowers solitary. Calyx echinated at the base, with the neck filiform. Style crowned by a capitate stigma. Capsule coriaceous, reni- form, echinated, 1-celled, 2-3-valved, many-seeded, bursting elastically. Flowers yellow or white. 12 Momordica. Flowers monoecious; peduncles filiform, unibracteate. Male flowers. Calyx 5-cleft, with a very short tube. Corolla 5-parted. Stamens in 3 parcels ; anthers con- nected. Female flowers with 3 sterile filaments. Style trifid. Ovarium 3-celled. Fruit generally muricated, bursting elas- tically when mature. 13 Neurospe'rma. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5, diadelphous, having 2 glands alternating with the bundles. Female flowers. Calyx and corolla parted. Ovarium beset with 8 series of warts. Style trifid, girded by 3 glands at the base ; stigmas 2-lobed. Fruit fleshy, 3-celled, but when mature 1-celled, 3-9-seeded. 14 Se’chium. Flowers monoecious, yellow. Calyx 5-toothed, with 1 0 foveolas. Corolla joined with the calyx. Stamens 4-5, monadelphous. Style thick ; stigma capitate, 3-5-cleft. Fruit obcordate, 1-seeded. 15 Melothria. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla campanulate ; petals ciliated or toothed, never fringed. Filaments 5, in 3 parcels. Style 1 ; stigmas 3, fringed. Fruit 3-celled, many-seeded. 16 Trichosa'nthes. Flowers monoecious, white. Male flowers. Calyx subclavate, 5-parted, appendiculate. Corolla 5-parted, ciliated (f. 2. a.). Filaments 3. Anthers joined. Female flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-parted, laciniately cili- ated (f. 2. a.). Style trifid (f. 2. d.). Stigmas oblong, subulate. Fruit oblong (f. 2. b.), 1 or 3-9-celled. 17 Ampelosicyos. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft (f. 3. a.); segments denticulated (f. 3. b.). CUCURBITACEAL I. Feuillea. II. Zanonia. 3 Corolla 5-petalIed(f. 3. c.) ; petals oblong, fringed (f. 3. d.). Sta- mens 5, in 3 parcels. Female flowers. Limb of calyx 5 -toothed. Corolla as in the male. Stigma capitate, 3-lobed, ex Bojer. Fruit fleshy, 2-3 feet long, and 8 inches thick, elongated, fur- rowed (f. 3. e.). Flowers purple. 18 Cucu'rbita. Flowers monoecious, yellow. Petals joined together, and with the calyx. Male flowers. Calyx campanu- late. Stamens 5, in 3 bundles and syngenesious. Anthers curved at both ends. Female flowers. Calyx clavate, narrowed towards the apex. Stigmas 3, thickish, 2-lobed. Fruit 3-5- celled. ID Involucra'ria. Flowers monoecious. Male ones um- bellate, sessile ; bracteas reniform, fringe-toothed, involucrum- formed. Tube of calyx obconical ; sepals linear, acute. An- thers joined together. Female flowers solitary, on long pe- duncles. 20 Muri'cia. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-parted, in- closed in a large undivided, 1 -flowered sheath. Corolla cam- panulate, 5-petalled. Stamens 5, in 3 bundles, and syngenesious. Style 1 ; stigmas 3, sagittate, horizontal. Berry muricated, 1- celled, many-seeded. 21 Angu'ria. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla joined with the calyx, ven- tricose, red, 5-parted. Stamens 2. Female flowers with a calyx and corolla as in the males, and 2 sterile stamens. Style semi- bifid ; stigmas bifid. Fruit 2-4-celled, many-seeded, somewhat tetragonal. f Genera not sufficiently known. 22 Zi/cca. Flowers solitary, axillary. Bractea large, con- cave, involving a large, coloured, 5-sepalled calyx, and girded by 5 scales at the base. Stamens 5. 23 Alla'sia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx gamosepalous, girded by a short involucrum. Segments 5, acutish, pilose. Corolla 4-petallea ; petals pilose. Stamens 4, but more pro- bably 8, joined by twos ; anthers 2-lobed. Style subulate, crowned by an acute stigma. Berry fleshy, large, oblong, ob- tuse, 1 -celled, many-seeded. 24 Gronovia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx funnel- shaped, 5-parted ; scales 5, linear, petal-formed, pellucid, alter- nate with the calycine segments. Stamens 5, free, alternating with the scales. Style crowned by a capitate stigma. Berry dry, nearly globose, 1-seeded, crowned by the dry permanent calyx. 25 Kolbia. Flowers dioecious ? Calyx gamosepalous, with a crenulated edge. Corolla gamopetalous, 5-lobed; lobes with glandular erlges. Nectary ? 5-leaved ; lobes with feathery ciliated edges. Stamens 5, monadelphous ; filaments short ; anthers long, conniving. Tribe I. NHANDIRO'BEdE (plants agreeing with Nhandiroba in im- portant characters). St. Hil. ann. mus. 9. p. 215. Turp. diet, sc. nat. atlas, icon. 2. D. C. prod. 3. p. 297. Tendrilsaxillary, peduncular. Flowers dioecious. I. FEUILLEA (in honour of Louis Feuillee, a traveller in Chili ; author of Journal des Observations physiques, mathema- tiques, et botaniques, faites dans l’Amerique Meridionale, &c. 3 vols. 4to. Paris, vols. 1 and 2. 1714. and 3. 1725.). Lin. gen. 1118. Juss. gen. 397. Lam. ill. t. 815. D. C. prod. 3. p. 297. — Fevillea, Pers. syst. regl. ed. 15. p. 929. — Nhandi- roba, Plum. gen. 20. t. 27. Lin. syst. Dioecia, Penlandria. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers. Calyx 5-cleft beyond the middle. Petals 5, rather joined at the base, inserted in the throat of the calyx, and alter- nating with the sepals. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, and alternating with them, sometimes 10, but when this is the case, 5 of which are always sterile, (ex Juss.) Anthers 2-celled, didymous. Female flowers. Tube of calyx adnate to the ova- rium ; limb 5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct, or joined at the base, oblong. Lamellae or abortive stamens 5, sometimes alternating with the petals (ex Juss.). Styles 3. Stigmas broad, bluntly bifid. Fruit globose, fleshy, 3-celled, indehiscent, with solid bark and a large fleshy trigonal central axis ; cells many ovu- late. Ovula erect from the centre. Seeds compressed, oval. Embryo straight. Cotyledons flat, rather fleshy.— Intratropical American, rather frutescent climbing herbs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, exstipulate, palmately nerved, cordate, glabrous. Tendrils axillary, spirally twisted, in place of peduncles. Pe- duncles axillary, 1 or many-flowered. Flowers small. Seeds oily, bitter. This genus has a habit emulating Passijldra. Fruit in the form of that of Couroupita, a genus of Lecythidece. 1 F. puncta'ta (Poir. diet. 4. p. 418.) leaves 3-lobed or ternate, beset with glandular dots on both surfaces along the nerves, but more especially beneath ; lobes of leaves lanceolate, rather cut. . rs, S. Native of St. Domingo. Trichosanthes punctata, Lin. spec. 1432.amoen. acad. 3. p. 423. exclusive of the country. Fevillea trilobata, Reich, syst. 4. p. 253. Dotted- leaved Feuillea. PI. cl. 2 F. triloba'ta (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 1014.) leaves rather glandular on both surfaces, 3-parted or trifid ; lower lobes ob- tuse, upper ones acute. . r\ S. Native of Brazil. F. scan- dens fi, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1457. F. hederacea, Poir. diet. 4. p. 419. Chandiroba or Nhandiroba, Margr. bras. 46. lower figure. Three-lobed- leaved Feuillea. PI. cl. 3 F. cordifolia (Poir. diet. 4. p. 418.) leaves glandless, cordate, acuminated, or somewhat 3-lobed, and rather serrated. 1/ . r'. S. Native of the West Indies. Plum, ed Burm. t. 209. F. scandens a, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1457. F. hederacea, Turp. in diet. sc. nat. with a figure. The leaves of this species are said to be a powerful antidote against vegetable poisons. Heart-leaved Feuillea. PI. cl. 4 F. Javilla (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 124.) leaves glandless, roundish, sinuately cordate, acuminated. 1/ . rs. S. Native of New Granada, in woods near Turbaco, where it is called Javilla by the inhabitants. Seeds with subalate mar- gins, hence this species agrees with the genus Zanonia. Javilla Feuillea. PI. cl. Cult. A light rich soil will suit the species of Feuillea ; and cuttings of them will root readily under a hand-glass, in heat. They are well fitted for training up rafters in stoves. II. ZANO'NIA (named in memory of Giacomo Zanoni, for- merly Prefect of the Botanic Garden at Bologna, author of lstoria Botanica, Bol. 1675. fol. edited in Latin by Monti, 1742. He died 1682, aged 67.). Lin. gen. 1117. Juss. gen. 397. Lam. ill. t. 816. Blum, bijdr. p. 937. D. C. prod. 3. p. 298. but not of Plum. Lin. syst. Dioecia, Monadelphia. Flowers dioecious. Male. Calyx 3-lobed (f. 1. «.). Petals 5, joined into a 5-parted rotate corolla (f. 1. b. c.). Stamens 5 (f. 1. c.) ; filaments flat, con- nected at the base; anthers 1-celled, adnate to the tops of the filaments. Female. Tube of calvx long, turbinate ; limb 5- b 2 4 CUCURBITACEiE. II. Zanonia. III. Lagenaria. lobed. Corolla as in the male. Styles 3, spreading, bifid at. the apex. Fruit long, turbinate, fleshy, having a circular line at the apex, formed from the vestige of the calyx, opening by 3 valves at the top, 3-celled ; the rind solid : central placenta fleshy, large, trigonal ; cells biovulate. Seeds ovate, mar- gined by afoliaceous wing (f. 1. e. d.)„ exalbuminous. Embryo inverted. — Smooth, climbing, Indian plants. Leaves alternate, petiolate, exstipulate, ovate-lanceolate, cordate at the base, acuminated, quite entire. Tendrils axillary. Peduncles also axillary and racemose. This genus, from the general form of the fruit, is like the genus Couritari, but from the characters it is allied to Femllea. The interior fabric of the seeds is unknown. Loose Zanonia. Shrub cl. 8 Z. heterospe'rma (Wall. 1. c.) stem filiform, very slender; leaves pedate, with 5 leaflets ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, serrated ; capsule clavate, angular, borne on very long capil- laceous peduncles ; seeds scabrous from scales. Jj . S. Na- tive of Mount Taong Dong, near Ava. Capsule chartaceous, trigonal, 8 lines long, with a 3-toothed mouth. The scales on the seeds are elegantly imbricated, and girded by a narrow margin. Variable-seeded. Zanonia. Shrub cl. Cult. See Feuillea , p. 3. for the culture and propagation of the species. Sect. I. Zanonia (see genus for derivation). Blum. 1. c. Cells of fruit 2-seeded. Fruit elongated, somewhat tetragonal. 1 Z. I'ndica (Lin. spec. 1157.) leaves elliptic, acute, rather cordate at the base ; racemes axillary. Tj . r'. S. Native of Malabar, Ceylon, and Java. Blum. 1. c. Pe- narvalli, Rheed. mal. 8. t. 47 and 48. Indian Zanonia. PI. cl. Sect. II. Alsomitra (from aXaoe, alsos, a grove, e and girpa, mitra, a girdle ; the plants grow in groves and entwine round the trees by means of ring-like ten- drils.). Blum. 1. c. Cells of ovarium many-seeded. Fruit hemispherical, truncate at the apex, or elongated. 2 Z. macroca'rpa (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptic, acutish, rounded at the base ; racemes axillary. Tj . w S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Parang. Large-fruited Zanonia. PI. cl. 3 Z. sarcophy'ela (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 28. t. 133.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets thick, fleshy, ovate, obtuse, quite entire. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, in sterile ex- posed situations along the banks of the Irawaddi. The plant climbs by means of simple and slender tendrils. The leaves are of a pale glaucous colour. Flowers small, very numerous, forming ample, greenish, nodding panicles. The different sexes are produced in distinct plants. Fleshy-leaved Zanonia. Shrub cl. 4 Z.CLAVtGERA (Wall. 1. c.) smooth ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, quite entire ; fruit large, clavate. S. Native of Silhet, where it is called in the Bengalee language Kisknobera. The fruit is 3 inches long, and as thick as a thumb. Club-bearing Zanonia. Shrub cl. 5 Z. angula'ta (Wall. 1. c.) smooth; stem angular; leaves simple, somewhat hastately lanceolate, cordate at the base ; fruit large, clavate. T? . S. Native of Silhet. The fruit is as long as a finger, and very thick. Angular- stemmed Zanonia. Shrub cl. 6 Z. cissioides (Wall. 1. c.) stem filiform, angular ; leaves pedate, with 5 or 7 leaflets ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, coarsely and cuspidately serrated ; petioles and pe- duncles pilose, ij . ^. S. Native of Nipaul. Cissus-like Zanonia. Shrub cl. 7 Z. la'xa (Wall. 1. c. p. 29.) stem filiform, much branched, bifariously pilose ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets acuminated, ser- rated, intermediate one lanceolate, lateral ones half cordate ; petioles and peduncles pilose. T? . S. Native of Silhet. Tribe II. CUCURBI'TEiE (plants agreeing with Cucurbita in impor- tant characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 299. Tendrils lateral, stipular. Flowers hermaphrodite, dioecious, or monoecious. III. LAGENA'RIA (from lagena, a bottle ; form of fruit of some of the species). Ser. diss. 1. c. D. C. prod. 3. p. 299. — Cucurbita species of authors. Lin. syst. Dioecia, Polydelphia. Calyx campanulate ; segments subulate or broadish, shorter than the tube. Corolla white ; petals obovate, rising from beneath the margin of the calyx. Male. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels, the fifth one free. Female. Style almost wanting ; stigmas 3, thick, 2-lobed, granular. Fruit 3-5 ? celled. Seeds obovate, compressed, 2-lobed at the apex, with tumid margins. Flowers monoecious. 1 L. vulga'ris (Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 299.) plant musky scented, clothed with soft pubescence ; stems climbing ; tendrils 3-4-cleft ; leaves cordate, nearly entire, biglandular at the base, pilose, rather glaucescent ; flowers monoecious, stel- late, spreading much, in fascicles ; connectives of anthers beset with oblong-ovate, acute papillae ; fruit pubescent, but when mature quite smooth ; flesh white, edible. ©. H. Native within the tropics. Cucurbita lagenaria, Lin. spec. 1434. Sieb. hort. 1. t. 69. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 144. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 23. sect. 57. t. 5. f. 1, 2, 3. Flowers large, white. Fruit shaped like a bottle ; when ripe of a pale yellow colour, some near 6 feet long, with a roundish bottom and a neck ; the rind becoming hard, and being dried, contains water ; it is then of a pale bay colour. The bottle-gourd is called Cliarrali by the Arabians. The poor people eat it, boiled with vinegar, or fill the shells with rice and meat, thus making a kind of pudding of it. It grows in all parts of Egypt and Arabia, wherever the moun- tains are covered with rich soil. In Jamaica and many other places within the tropics, the shells are generally used for holding water or palm wine, and serve as bottles. The pulp of the fruit is often employed in resolutive poultices ; it is bitter and purga- tive, and may be used instead of colocynth. Far. a, gourda (Ser. mss. ex D. C. 1. c) fruit unequally bi- ventricose. — Moris, hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 1. Dodon. pempt. 668. f. 1. Bottle gourd. Gourde des pelerins. Var. |8, gougourda (Ser. 1. c.) fruit ventricose at the base, neck oblong. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 398. t. 144. Braam. icon, chin. t. 17. Commonly called Gougourde. Var. y, depressa (Ser. 1. c.) fruit globose, depressed. Var. S, turbindta (Ser. 1. c.) fruit somewhat campanulately pear-shaped. Mor. hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 2. Dodon. pempt. t. 669. f. 1. Var. e, clavata (Ser. mss.) fruit obovate-oblong, club-shaped. — Moris, hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 3. Dodon. pempt. 669. f. 2. Gourde trompette, Gourde massue, or Trumpet gourd. Common Bottle Gourd. FI. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. trail. 2 L. vitta'ta (Ser. 1. c.) leaves roundish-cordate, somewhat repand, obsoletely denticulated, rough ; peduncles crowded, 1- flowered ; fruit pear-shaped, striped lengthwise, puberulous. CUCURBITACEiE. III. Lagenaria. IV. Cucumis. 5 O. H. Native country unknown, but collected in the gardens of India. Bonteng-suri of the Hindoos. Cucurbita vittata, Blum, bijdr. p. 932. Ribbed. Gourd. PI. cl. 3 L. ? hi'spida (Ser. 1. c.) greyish, pilose ; leaves cordate, 5-angled, acuminated, denticulated, beset with pedicellate glands beneath ; stem and petioles densely hispid ; flowers densely ■fclothed with ferruginous hairs. ©. F. Native of Japan and the East Indies. Cucurbita hispida, Thunb. fl. jap p. 322. and Willd. spec. 4. p. 608. Waluh of the Indians. Perhaps only a variety of L. vulgaris. Hispid Gourd. PI. trailing. 4 L. ? idola'trica (Ser. 1. c.) leaves cordate, cuspidate, cbso- letely 3-lobed, pubescent, biglandular at the base ; lateral lobes very short and cuspidate; fruit pear-shaped. ©. F. Native of Guinea and the East Indies. Cucurbita Idolatrica, Willd. spec. 4. p. 607. Blum, bijdr. p. 930. Labu-eyer and Kulcuk of the Hindoos. Perhaps only a variety of L. vulgaris. In India the fruit of this plant is held in great veneration by the Hindoos, in their religious ceremonies. Worshipped Gourd. PI. trailing. Cult. See Cucurbita, p. 41. for culture and propagation. IV. CU'CUMIS (said to be from kikvoq or 2 acvog. Varro says, “ Cucumeres dicuntur a curvore, ut curvimeres dicti”). Lin. gen. no. 1479. Juss. gen. p. 395. Gaertn. fruct. t. 88. D. C. prod. 3. p. 299. — Chcumis and Melo, Tourn. inst. p. 104. Colocinthis, Tourn, inst. p. 107. — Rigocarpus, Neck. elem. bot. no. 386. Lin. syst. Dioecia, Polyadelphia. Calyx tubularly campa- nulate ; segments subulate, hardly the length of the tube. Petals hardly joined together or to the calyx. — Male. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels. — Female. Stigmas 3, thick, bipartite. Fruit 3-6-celled. Seeds ovate, compressed, not marginate. Flowers monoecious or hermaphrodite, yellow. 1 C. me'lo (Lin. spec. 1436.) stem trailing, scabrous, cir- rhiferous ; leaves roundish, angular, petiolate; male flowers having the tube of the calyx rather ventricose at the base, and rather dilated at the apex ; stamens inclosed ; anthers shorter than their connectives ; the hermaphrodite flowers with the an- thers as in the males ; stigmas 3-4, shortly 2-lobed ; fruit ovate or sub-globose, 8-1 2-furrowed ; flesh sugary, yellow, red, or white. ©. F. Native of Asia. Called rhetimou by the Hindoos; Melon, Engl, and Fr. ; Melone , Germ. ; Mellone, Ital. The melon is a tender annual, producing one of the richest fruits brought to the dessert, and has been cultivated in England since 1570, but the precise time of its introduction is unknown. It was originally brought to this country from Jamaica, and was, till within the last fifty years, called the musk-melon. The fruit, to be grown to perfection, requires the aid of artificial heat and glass throughout every stage of its culture. Its minimum tem- perature may be estimated at 65°, in which it will germinate and grow ; but it requires a heat of from 75° to 80° to ripen its fruit, which, in ordinary cases, it does in 4 months from the time of sowing the seed. Varieties. — There are numerous varieties, many of which, especially those raised from seeds brought from Italy and Spain, are not worth cultivating. The best sorts are included under tbe name of Cantaloups, an appellation bestowed on them from a seat of the Pope near Rome, where this variety is supposed to have been originally produced. The general character of the Cantaloups is a roundish form, rough, warty, or netted outer rind ; neither very large in fruit or leaves. The Romanas, an Italian sort, is next in esteem, are generally oval-shaped, regu- larly netted ; the fruit and leaves middle-sized, and the plants great bearers. Many varieties of both these sorts, however, that were formerly in esteem, are now lost, degenerated, or sup- planted by others of Spanish or Persian origin. The following is a descriptive list of the sorts. • List of Melons. Var. a, reticulatus (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 300.) fruit roundish or oblong, with a grey reticulated rind. — Blackw. herb, t. 329. The following sorts of melons belong to this variety : — 1 Beechrvood melon. This is an excellent, early, greenish yellow kind, with a netted rind and a greenish-white flesh, of a middle size. 2 Melon maraicher. The flesh of this sort is very thick and watery ; hardly sweet-scented. 3 Melon de Honjleur. A late melon, with a thin yellow rind, and pale red sugary flesh. It is of inferior quality but large in size. 4 Melon des Carmes. A well-flavoured large fruit, with a thick orange rind, and juicy sugary pulp. 5 Melon de Langeais. A middle-sized, ribbed fruit, with orange-coloured, sugary, sweet-scented flesh. 6 Melon sucrin de Tours. Fruit large, with firm, sugary, orange-coloured flesh. 7 Sucrin a chair blanche. 8 Sucrin d chassis. 9 Sucrin vert. 1 0 Sucrin a petits grains. 1 1 Succada. A late green middle-sized netted melon. Far. (3, Cantalupo (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 300.) fruit large, with broadly ribbed, and furrowed, warted, thick rind. The fol- lowing sorts belong to this variety. 1 Early Cantaloup. A deep-furrowed, early, middle-sized kind, with white, deeply-furrowed, thin skin ; and orange-coloured flesh, not very highly flavoured. It sets well, and is a great bearer. 2 Silver cantaloup. Cantaloup argente. A shallow-fur- rowed, middle-sized fruit, and before it is full grown is mixed with silver and green. 3 Large black Holland cantaloup. Cantaloup gros noir de Hollande. A large fruit, with green, furrowed, thin rind : and red rather coarse flesh. 4 Hybrid cantaloup. A small good early fruit, with a whitish rind and red pulp. 5 Montagu cantaloup. This is a variety produced from the Italian green-fleshed and the smooth scarlet-fleshed cantaloup. A middle-sized, early good fruit, but with a thick, yellow, fur- rowed rind and pale red flesh, which is soft and juicy, and com- pletely melting in the mouth. 6 Netted cantaloup, or White-seeded cantaloup. This is a very juicy, highly-flavoured, small fruit, with a thin, netted, yellow rind. 7 Orange cantaloup. A small, round, pale yellow, netted fruit. The flesh, when just fit for cutting, is orange ; but wdien riper it is more red. In respect to flavour, it is excelled by none of tbe melon tribe, being juicy, sugary, and rich. The plant is a free grow er, an early setter, and a great bearer. 8 Black rock cantaloup. A large late melon, with a thick dark green rind, and salmon-coloured flesh. It is juicy, but not very high flavoured. 9 Carbuncled rock cantaloup. Very like the black rock, as to colour and flavour, but differs in being cheese-shaped. There are a small and a large kind of this ; the smaller kind is the best. 10 Lee's rock cantaloup. Rather long than round, and more green than black. Much the same in flavour as the preceding. 11 Scarlet-fleshed cantaloup. A middle-sized early good fruit, with a thick yellow rind and red sweet flesh. It is par- ticularly high flavoured. 6 CUCURBITACE/E. IV. Cucumis. 12 Italian green-Jleshed. A middle-sized early good fruit, with a thick yellow rind and green flesh : in flavour both rich and sweet. 13 Ionian green-Jleshed cantaloup. A large thin-skinned lemon-coloured and lemon-scented fruit, of excellent flavour, but not a great bearer. 14 Egyptian green-Jleshed. A middle-sized early good fruit, with a thin white netted skin and green flesh : in flavour resem- bling the preceding. 15 Dutch green-Jleshed. An indifferent sort. 16 Crimea green-Jleshed. A useless late fruit, of middling size, with a thin green skin and pale red flesh. 1 7 Persian green-Jleshed. A middle-sized, green, thin- skinned sort, with green flesh. Not good. 18 Green-Jleshed Masulipatam. A very small and excellent early sort, with green skin and green flesh. 19 Greenjleshed Valparaiso. Not very good. 20 Red-Jleshed Valparaiso. 21 Dutch rock. A rather large good fruit, with a thick yellow rind, and orange-coloured flesh. 22 Early rock. A good early fruit. 23 Golden rock. A middle-sized fruit, with a thick yellow rind and pale red flesh, of excellent flavour. 24 Scarlet rock. 25 Silver rock. A large late fruit, with a thick yellow rind, and pale red flesh, which is juicy, sweet, and well-flavoured. 26 Netted scarlet-Jleshed. A good sort. 27 Smooth scarlet-Jleshed. A middle-sized fruit, of excellent flavour. The rind is thick, smooth, and yellow, and the flesh orange-coloured. 28 Windsor scarlet-Jleshed. A rather large, excellent-fla- voured, late kind, with thickgreen rind, and salmon-coloured flesh. 29 Lee’s Romana. A middle-sized, longish, shallow-furrowed fruit. Rind hard, partly netted, and pale yellow : the flesh full yellow and pretty high flavoured, but not very juicy. 30 Large netted Romana. The largest of the romanas, regu- larly netted all over, and shallow-furrowed, often attaining a large size. Rind hard and pale yellow, the flesh full yellow, but not very juicy : very high-flavoured, if eaten sharp ripe. 31 Fair’s Romana. A small oval fruit, the rind greenish yellow when ripe, and the flesh a pale yellow, not very juicy; but well-flavoured and agreeable. 32 Early Polignac. An early rich middle-sized fruit, with a thick yellow rind, and pale red flesh. It is in frequent cul- tivation. 33 Portugal. There are two varieties of this kind, a small and a large sort ; they are noted as good bearers and early. 34 Sweet Italian. A large orange-coloured sort, of moderate quality. 35 Netted succado. A middle-sized late green-skinned sort. 36 Small Levant. A middle-sized sort, with a thick green skin and pale red flesh. Not of good quality. 37 Smooth yellow-Jleshed Valparaiso. A middle-sized, late, green, thin-skinned sort ; the flesh white, of moderate flavour. 38 Brasilian. An inferior middle-sized sort, with thin green skin and orange-coloured flesh. 39 Melon d’ete d’Odesse. A rather large, later, indifferent fruit, witli thin orange skin and white flesh. 40 Melon d’Olor. A very small fruit, with yellow skin and white flesh, of good quality. 41 Netted French melon. A rather large late fruit, with a thick yellow rind and yellow flesh, of bad quality. 42 Nutmeg. A late green, thick-skinned sort, with white flesh. 43 Queen Ann's melon, early queen, or queen's pocket melon. A very small fruit, with ornamental striped thin skin, and white flesh. 44 Carthagena. A large high-flavoured fruit, with a thick orange-coloured rind and pale red flesh. 45 Cassabar. A large late fruit, with green thin skin, and white flesh. 46 Cephalonia. A large oblong fruit, with thin yellow skin and green flesh, of tolerable flavour. 47 Choujleur. A large fruit of little use ; the skin is thick and yellow, and the flesh pale red. 48 Gaboon. A large late fruit, of little value ; with yellow skin and yellow flesh. 49 Geree, ostrich egg. A middle-sized late fruit, of excel- lent flavour : the skin as well as the flesh is green. The plant is rather tender. 50 Gros Prescott fond blanc. A large late fruit, wTith a thick yellow rind, and orange-coloured flesh. 51 Petit Prescott. Fruit depressed, crowned at the top; ribs warted : flesh delicious. 52 Cantaloup natif d’Allemagne. An early fruit, with a greenish-yellow smoothish rind, but not of good quality. 53 Cantaloup boule de Siam. Fruit very much depressed, with a dark green rind, full of warted ribs. 54 Hardy ridge. A middle-sized late fruit, with a thick yellow rind and red flesh, of good flavour. A list of melons which are hardly known ; but none of them are perhaps worth cultivation. 1 De Andalousie. 2 Cantaloup a. chair verle. 3 Cantaloup a fond noir. 5 Cantaloup Galleux. 6 Chili musk. 7 Crimea. 8 Citron. 9 D'Espagne. 10 Fagos. 11 Fin hat if. 12 Gol- den egg. 13 Grand Mogul. 14 Green Spanish oval. 15 Gros Galleux a chair verte. 1 6 Hardy scarlet-fleshed. 1 7 Highclere. 18 D’Hiver. 19 Large Astrachan. 20 Levant. 21 Melon gris des Carmes. 22 Melon of Honda. 23 Melon of Jaffa. 24 Melon Turc. 25 Madeira. 26 Mendoza. 27 Le Mogul. 28 Du Peron. 29 Pine apple or Melon d’ Ananas. 30 Musk melon. 31 Carthagena musk melon. 32 Murray' s pine-apple. 33 Noir de Hollande tres gros. 34 Turkish melon. 35 Valen- tia or winter melon. 36 Wynestay. Var. y, Maltensis (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 300.) fruit with a smooth thin rind. This variety is divisible into two parts, as Maltese Melons and Persian Melons. * Maltese melons. 1 Melon de Malle blanc or Melon de Malle a chair blanche. An early middle-sized ovate-oblong fruit, with white watery sugary flesh. 2 Melon de Malte jaune. Flesh of fruit orange-coloured, sweet-scented. 3 Melon de la Moree ou de Candie, or Melon de Malte d'hiver. This kind is cultivated in various countries bordering on the Mediterranean sea, and particularly in the orange gardens at Hiers, near Toulon, whence its fruit is sent to Paris. The skin is thin; the flesh white, firm, sugary, and juicy ; not rich, but pleasant. The shape oval, size about a foot long and eight inches broad ; of a dark green colour. This fruit is regularly imported, and may be had in the fruit shops from September to January. * * Persian melons. 1 Daree. A good-sized fruit ; skin thin and green ; flesh white, high-flavoured. A late fruit. 2 Dampsha melon. An excellent, late, rather large fruit, of nearly a cylindrical form, and netted ; rind thin and yellotv when ripe ; flesh green, quite melting, and of excellent flavour. The fruit will keep, if hung up by its stalk, for some time. 3 Large germek. An excellent early green-skinned sort, of considerable size ; flesh green. CUCURBITACEdE. IV. Cucumis. 7 4 Small germek. This is much smaller than the last-named sort ; the skin is yellow and the flesh green. 5 Goorgab. A middle-sized late fruit, with yellow rind and white flesh. A useless sort. 6 Green Hoosa'mee. A middle-sized late sort, of good quality; rind thin, green ; flesh white. 7 Striped Hoosa'mee. A very good late sort, with greenish- yellow rind, and white flesh. 8 Kasan sugar melon. A good sort. 9 Keiseng. This is said to be one of the best Persian melons ; the skin is thin, pale yellow, and red, and the flesh white. 10 Kurchaing. A very good sort, of considerable size ; the skin is lemon-coloured, and the flesh white. 11 Melon of Erivan. 12 Melon of Gerger. A middle-sized good fruit, with yellow skin and red flesh. 13 Melon of Nukshevan. This is an excellent late kind ; the skin is yellow, and the pulp white. 1 4 Melon of Nusserabad. 15 Melon of Seen. A middle-sized fruit of indifferent quality. It is a late sort, with yellow rind and green flesh. 1 6 Green Persian. A fruit of indifferent flavour. 17 Oldakers Persian. A fruit of considerable size but no merit ; the rind is orange-coloured, and the flesh green. 18 Sir Gore Ouseley’s Persian. A large fruit of good quality ; the skin is yellow and the flesh white. 1 9 Sweet melon of Ispahan. This is said to be one of the very best melons. It grows to a large size; the skin is yellow and the flesh green, crisp, sugary, and rich in taste. 20 Talibee melon. 21 Teheran melon. 22 Salonica. A round fruit, with a gold-coloured rind, and white flesh ; improves in flavour and richness till it becomes quite soft ; consistence of its pulp nearly that of a water melon, and very sweet. On the degeneracy of the larger varieties of Persian melons. — Mr. Knight thinks that it would be strange if every large and excellent variety of melon did not degenerate, under our ordi- nary modes of culture. For every large and excellent variety of melon, must necessarily have been the production of high culture and abundant food ; and a continuance of the same measures to it, in its highly improved state, must be necessary to prevent its receding in successive generations from that state. Abundant food, it is true, is generally, perhaps always, given by the British gardener to his melon plants : but sufficient light, under the most favourable circumstances, can only be obtained during a part of the year, and a sufficient breadth of foliage to enable the melon plant properly to nourish a fruit of large size and rich saccharine quality, so that it may obtain the highest state of growth and perfection which it is capable of acquiring, has rarely, and probably never, been given in any season of the year, by any British gardener. Mr. Knight has cultivated the Sweet Ispahan melon, and found it a very superior variety. He has cultivated this variety generally in brick pits, surrounded by hollow walls, through which warm atmospheric air at all times enters abundantly ; putting each plant in a separate large pot, and suffering it to bear one melon only : but the fruit sets sufficiently well in a common hot-bed. The rind of the Ispa- han melon, being very soft and thin, the fruit is apt to sustain injury on the lower side ; they should be raised above the ground a little by some means while young, so as the air may pass under them. When seeds of the Ispahan melon are only wanted, it is quite time enough to sow in the beginning of April, so that the fruit may ripen in August. Very valuable varieties of melons may be obtained, for one generation at least, by cross breeding among the smaller and more hardy varieties 8 of green and white-fleshed melons and the large Persian va- rieties. It is generally supposed that the offspring of cross- bred plants, as of animals, usually present great irregularity and variety of character ; but if a male of permanent character and habits, and, of course not cross-bred, be selected, that will com- pletely overrule the disposition to sport irregularly in the cross- bred variety ; alike in the animal and vegetable world, the per- manent habit always controlling and prevailing over the variable. The finest varieties of melon are usually supposed by gardeners to be fruits of as easy culture as the pine-apple, but experience has led us to draw a contrary conclusion. If the leaves of the melon plant be suddenly exposed to the influence of the sun in a bright day, which has succeeded a few cloudy days, for a short time only, they frequently become irreparably injured. If the air of the bed be kept a little too damp, the stems of the plants often canker, and the leaves and stalks sustain injury in the common hot-bed ; and, if the air be too dry, the plants, and consequently the fruit, are injured by the depredations of the red spider. — Loud. gard. mag. vol. 7. pp. 186, 187, 188. In the cultivation of the melon, Knight observes, “ it is a matter of much importance to procure proper seed. Some gardeners are so scrupulous on this point, that they will not sow the seed unless they have seen and tasted the fruit from which they were taken. It is proper, at least, not to trust to seeds which have not been collected by judicious persons. Some make it a rule to preserve always the seeds of those individual specimens which are first ripe, and even to take them from the ripest side of the fruit. A criterion of the goodness and probable fertility is generally sought by throwing them into a vessel containing water ; such as sink are considered as good, and likely to prove fertile, and those that float imperfect. It is remarked of seeds brought from the Continent, that they must have more bottom heat, and the young plants less water, than are necessary for seeds ripened in this country, or young plants sprung from these.” The culture of the melon is an object of emulation among gardeners, and the fruit of the best sorts have a peculiarly rich flavour, thought by some to bear some resemblance to that of the pine-apple. “ Ripe fruit,” Abercrombie observes, “ may be had by forcing at any season, but the main crops, raised for the general demand, are seldom cut, at the earliest, before May, and the last succession mostly ceases to yield fruit after October.” “ To ripen the best largest fine kinds,” M‘Phail observes, “ as great an atmospherical heat, and a bottom heat to its roots also, is required as is sufficient to ripen the pine-apple in this country ; but as the melon is produced from an annual plant, the seeds of which must be sown every year, it requires a dif- ferent mode of culture. Different methods of culture, and various kinds of earth and of manures have been recommended and used successfully in rearing of melons. The great thing, after planting, is to give them plenty of atmospherical heat, and a sufficiency of external air, and water. Those methods which are most simple and the least expensive, and best calculated to assist in making a suitable climate for the melon to grow in and ripen its fruit well, should be preferred.” Soil. — Abercrombie says “ The melon will succeed in any unexhausted loam, rich in vegetable rudiments, with a mixture of sand, but not too light. The following is a good compost : two-thirds of top-spit earth from a sheep common, adding sharp sand, if the earth contains little or none, till half is sand ; one- sixth of vegetable mould; and one-sixth of well-consumed horse-dung. Or, if the earth is not obtained from a pasture, rotted sheep- dung may be substituted for the last. The ingre- dients should have been incorporated and pulverized by long previous exposure and turning over. The compost should be dried under shelter before it is used, and warmed in the frame 8 CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis. for potting.” M‘Phail says, “ Melons will grow and produce fruit of a good flavour, if they be planted in any kind of earth, not of too light a texture, whether it be taken from a quarter of the kitchen garden or from a corn-field, mixed well with good rotten dung ; but earth of a loamy nature is the best, because it retains moisture longer than lighter earth. Earth, dug from the surface of a common, where sheep and cattle have long been pastured, is excellent for the melon. It should be broken well, and lie a few months before it is used, and if it be exposed to a winter’s frost it will do it good. This sort of earth, if it be taken from the surface of the common, will re- quire no manure the first year of using. I would here mention that unless the earth which 1 used for the melon plants was very strong, I made it a practice, when the melon-beds were wholly earthed up, to tread the surface all over, which makes the earth retain its moisture longer than if it were left loose.” Earth for melons, according to Nicol, “ may be thus composed : one-half strong brown loam from a pasture, a quarter light sandy earth, an eighth part vegetable mould of decayed tree leaves, and an eighth part rotten stable-yard dung. The mould for both cucumbers and melons should be well incorporated, should be exposed to frost, and be frequently turned over to ameliorate.” It appears from a passage in Morier’s second journey into Persia, p. 147., that pigeons’ dung has from time im- memorial been much sought after for manuring melons. Immense pigeon-houses are built on purpose to collect it, and when there is a dearth, as melons produce the earliest return of food, every one is eager to cultivate them, and that kind of manure, being then in great demand, sells very high. During the famine in Samaria, mentioned in 2 Kings, ch. vi. it is said to have sold for five pieces of silver the cub. A correspondent in the gard. mag. 2. p. 404. on melon compost, and on the influence of soil on Hydrangea hortensis, has always used for his melons the compost to which the Dutch so strongly adhere, viz. one-third strong hazel loam, one-third scour- ing of ditches, and one-third rotten dung, exposing the mixture two years to the influence of the summer and winter, to evaporate what noxious qualities may lurk in the earths : for it is well known, that in proportion to the degree of salt of iron, it will be propor- tionably sterile. He had often observed the leaves of his melon plants turn yellow, occasionally plants died, for which he could not account ; he suspected iron, as it pervaded his district, to be the cause ; but as a magnet would not take up any of the com- post, his attention was diverted from that point. Similar results in future seasons again called his attention to it, and he added lime, to correct the sulphate of iron, if any ; but he lost his whole crop, which he fancied by the application of the lime. As during winter a red oxide filtered from the compost heap, he again felt certain of the presence of iron. He submitted the compost to the test of burning, and having by that means got rid of the superabundant carbon, the magnet immediately de- tected the iron. He changed his soil, and has never lost since any melon plants. The experiment proves that the old test of the loadstone may be defeated by the presence of other adherent matter ; for though it was inactive over the cold soil, it acted in full force upon the soil when, by roasting, it had discharged its gas. While a profitable experiment resulted on the one hand, a great amusement occurred on the other, with some greenhouse plants. He mixed the compost fresh from the ditch with water, and found a precipitation of iron. He used the soil and water to Hydrangea hortensis, a cutting from the common pink variety, and it so altered the pink colour of the flower to purple, as to form a new plant. He applied the same to other plants, in some of which it altered the colour of the flowers, but in others it had no effect. Estimate of sorts. — Examine the list. The cantaloups are in the highest estimation for quality and neatness, although not uniformly such great bearers as others in the list. Time of beginning to force. — “ From the time of sowing, ripe fruit may be cut in about fifteen weeks, as an average period ; when many short and w inter days fall in the course, it may last eighteen weeks; but when the forcing is not commenced until the days are nearly twelve hours long, and continually lengthening, ripe fruit is sometimes cut in ten weeks. The pe- riod also depends upon the sort. Little time is gained by begin- ning excessively early. The early and main crops are commonly originated from the middle of January to the first week of Fe- bruary, the latter or succession crops at the beginning of March ; and late crops, intended to fruit at the end of summer, in the middle of April. M'Phail and Nicol sow in January. “ The latter says, “ I formerly cut melons for three years successively on the 15th, 12th, and 10th of May, and never sowed before the last week of January or 1st of February. In 1788, when at Rainham Hall in Norfolk, I sowed melons on the 12th of March, and cut ripe fruit on the 20th of May. The kind was the Early golden cantaloup. This shows how little is to be gained, or rather how much may be lost by early forcing.” Forming the seed-bed. — The plants may be originated in a cucumber-bed, and this is the general practice ; but Abercrom- bie prefers a separate bed, built a slight degree higher than for the cucumber at the same season, and adapted to a one or two-light frame, according to the quantity to be raised.” Nicol raises the melon almost exactly in the same manner as he does the cucumber. Choice of seed. — “ Seed under the age of two years is apt to run too much to vine, and show more male than female blossoms ; but new seed may be mellowed by being carried in the pocket a fortnight or more, till the heat of the body has dried and hardened it Seed 20 years old has been known to grow and make fruitful plants, but seed that has been kept 3 or 4 years is quite old enough, and less likely to fail than older.” M‘Phail says it is best not to sow melon seed till it be 2 or 3 years old. It cannot be too old if it be sound and grow well. Nicol says, “ I have sown melon seeds 20 years old, from which I have raised very healthy and fruitful plants.” Kal. p. 396. Miller and Nicol say young melon seeds may be worn in the pocket, near the body, for several months previous to sowing, wdiich has the effect of fully maturing them. “ If seeds of the last season,” Nicol observes, “ be sown without taking this precaution, or something similar, the plants will not be fruitful, but wdll run much to vine, and show chiefly male blossoms.” — Kal. p. 396. Sowing. — Abercrombie says, “ Having moulded the bed, and proved the heat, sow in pans 3 inches or pots 4 inches deep, rather than in the earth of the bed. Sow a second portion in 5 or 7 days, to provide against failure. Do not at once plunge the pots to the rims.” — Pr. gard. p. 108. Treatment till removed to the fruiting-pit. — “ As soon as the plants appear, give air cautiously, guarding the aperture with matting at night and on frosty or gloomy days. At favourable opportunities wipe the condensed steam from the glasses. When the seed-leaves are about half an inch broad, prick the plants into small pots, 5 inches in diameter, 3 in each pot, giving a little aired water just to their roots, then plunge the pots into the earth of the hot-bed partially or to the rims, according to the heat. Admit fresh air every day in moderate weather, at the upper end of the lights, raised an inch or two, according to the temperature of the external air, more freely when sunny than cloudy, shutting closer or quite close as the afternoon advances towards the evening, or sooner, if the weather changes cuttingly cold, and cover the glasses every night with mats, and uncover in the morning, as soon as the sun is high enough to reach the CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis. 9 frames. Give occasionally a very light watering, when the earth appears dry. As the plants advance into the first rough leaves, the first runner-bud in the centre should be stopped, by cutting or pinching the top off, close to the first or second joint, an operation which strengthens the plants, and promotes a lateral issue of fruitful runners. Be careful to support a regular tenor of heat in the bed, by laying first an outward casing of straw-litter round the sides, to defend it from the weather ; afterwards, if the heat declines, remove the above casing, and apply a moderate lining of hot dung to one or more of the sides. In matting at night, be careful not to drive the rank steam of the linings into the beds, by letting the ends of the mats hang down.” Fruiting-bed. — Form it as directed for the cucumber-bed, but 6 inches deeper. M'Phail says, “ 4 feet high, and after it has stood about a week, tread it down, and make it level, and set the frames upon it.” Moulding the bed. — Abercrombie directs to “'mould it by degrees to 8, 10, or 12 inches’ depth, first laying the compost in little hills of that thickness, one under each light, with the intervals earthed only 2 or 3 inches for the present, till the general heat is moderated.” M'Phail lays in, under each light, a small hill of earth about 1 foot high. Planting. — When the earth of the hills is warmed by the heat of the bed, and the plants have leaves 2 or 3 inches broad, or have begun to push lateral runners, turn them out of the pots, with the ball of earth entire ; set a ball containing one plant in the middle of each hill, inserted clean over the ball ; or set at most 2 plants under the centre of a large light. After planting, give a gentle watering over the hills and round the roots, avoiding to wet the shanks of the plants ; shut down the glasses close, till the heat and steam arise, then give air moderately. Extend a slight shade over the glasses in the middle part of warm summer days, if the plants shrink or flag their leaves before fulty rooted in the hills, which they will be in 2, 3, or 4 days after planting.” Temperature. — “ The melon requires a minimum heat of about 65° from the time of germination till the fructification, and the heat of about 75° to fruit in.” — Abercrombie. M'Phail, as appears from the table in his “ Gardener’s Remembrancer,” kept his melon and cucumber frames at the same temperature ; stating, that if any person kept melon or cucumber plants in the same degrees of heat, they will not fail of success. Nicol’s medium heat for melons is 70°. The proper temperature must be kept up by repeated linings, at least till the middle of July. After that, sun-heat may suffice to ripen the crop. Till this season the greatest care is necessary not to burn or overheat the plants. M'Phail says, “ examine daily with your hand the heat of the bed, pushing your fingers into the dung imme- diately under the hills of earth in which the plants grow ; and if you find the heat likely to be too powerful, pour cold water all round the bottom of the hills of earth, to lower the heat of the bed. Remember this must be daily attended to till the heat of the bed be so declined in the middle, that the roots of the plants be in no danger of being hurt by the heat of the dung under them. In case this necessary precaution has been ne- glected, till the heat immediately under the stems of the plants has become too hot, pour plenty of water 80° warm round about the sides of the hills in which the plants grow, and among the stems of the plants, which will bring the earth and dung immediately under the plants to the same degree of heat as the water which is poured into it. When the heat in the middle of the bed be- comes so cool that there is no fear of its being too great for the roots of the plants, watering that part of the bed to keep the burning heat down of course must cease, and as the roots of the plants extend, earth may be added to the hills. As vol. hi. soon as the heat of the bed declines, linings must be applied to it, which will set it into a fresh fermentation, and then the surface upon the bed must be examined occasionally, by push- ing the hand into it in different parts, and when a burning heat is felt, pour in some water as before directed. In this way you should persevere, still keeping a strong heat in the linings. Remember that the surface of the bed all round about the hills should be left uncovered wfith earth, and the dung should be loosened occasionally, to let the heat rise freely to nourish the plants.” In July, “ melons will do without heat in the linings, but I found by experience that they do best by keeping a heat in the linings all the summer. If a heat be kept on constantly in the linings, and the plants watered sufficiently, they will continue to produce fruit till the middle of October.” Air. — As long as weak steam is perceived to rise from the bed, leave an aperture, even at night, for it to escape ; guard- ing against the influx of cold air by a curtain of matting. Admit fresh air to the plants by tilting the glasses more or less at the most favourable hours in a dry day. After the bed has come to a sweet heat, shut down close at night. As the fruit enlarges, it becomes more necessary to seize every proper opportunity of admitting air ; raising the lights from 1 to 4 inches, according to the season, the heat of the bed, and tem- perature of the external air, shutting close if that should turn cold, and always timely towards evening. As confirmed summer approaches, admit air still more freely. Nicol says, “ air should be freely admitted, though not in such quantity as for the cu- cumbers, which do not require so high a temperature as melons do. In sunshine, however, the mercury in the thermometer should be kept down, by the admission of air to about 80° or 7 5°.” M'Phail says, “ look into your melon-pits in the morn- ing, and if there is a dew on them, standing like beads round the edges of the young leaves, it is a good sign ; but if there is no dew on them, in the form I have described, they are not in a very prosperous condition. The air in the frames is not sweet ; they either want water or sprinkling of water, or else the heat of the air in the frames is too great in the night. In hot weather melons are better to have air left at them all night, and in very warm weather to take the glasses entirely off in the evening, and put them on again in the morning : by this means the plants will get refreshment from the dew in the night.” Water. — After the plants are placed on the hills, give oppor- tunely gentle waterings, increasing them as the season and the growth of the plants advance. “ Water circumspectly and scantily while the fruit is setting or young in growth, as too much moisture would make it decay. ’Fake a warm morn- ing for watering before the middle of May ; in summer the afternoon or evening. Use soft water warmed to the air of the frame, and let as little as possible fall on the setting or new set young fruit ; nor much near the main head of the plants, for fear of rotting that part. Shut down the lights after watering for a short time ; and if in the morning part, and a strong sun, spread a mat over, to prevent the sun from injuring the plants by acting on the water lodged on the spray of the leaves. As a strong steam will now arise, remove the mats in an hour or two, and raise the glasses at the top, to give vent to the steam and give air to the plants. As the fruit becomes nearly ripe, lessen the quantity of water given, barely keeping the plant from flagging, and withhold water when the fruit begins to turn colour.” Nicol says, “ water once in 4 or 5 days in the after- noon, watering over the foliage. Repeat the waterings oftener, as the season and the growth of the plants and fruit advance, in order to swell them out the better.” — Kalendar, p. 387. M'Phail says, “ If the weather is warm and dry, the melons will pro- bably sometimes require water twice a week ; if the weather is wet and cloudy, they will not require it so often.” — Gard. 10 CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis. Rem. p. 300. Knight, finding that the leaves of melons sus- tained great injury from the weight of the water falling from the watering-pot, pours the water on the tiles which cover the surface of the bed. See Training. Earthing. — Perform this operation as directed for the cu- cumber, after the heat of the dung has become moderate, earth- ing up by degrees the intervals between the hills, till the depth of the earth becomes equal. Eight or ten inches’ depth of earth M‘Phail states to be enough for the roots of the plants to run in, provided the bed or fermenting mass beneath be made of leaves of trees, or of dung well prepared ; for if the bed under the earth be in a good state, the roots will grow into it, and draw from thence considerable nourishment to the plants. The roots of the melon do not naturally run deep, they extend horizontally not far from the surface, especially in forcing frames, where the moist warm air is more confined than in the open atmosphere. — Gard. Rem. p. 63. In early forcing, leave un- filled up with earth a space of about 7 or 8 inches wide, against the inside of the frames, immediately adjoining the hot linings. “ By this method the heat of the linings do more powerfully warm the air in the frames, than if the earth was made level home to the sides of the boards of the frames to which the linings adjoin. But if melons be not planted earlier than the month of May, this precaution need not be attended to, unless the weather prove uncommonly cold, and but little sunshine.” Training. — As the plants advance into the first runners, 3 or four joints in length, if no fruit be shown, stop them at the third joint, in order that they may produce fruitful laterals ; and as the runners extend, train them over the surface of the bed with neat pegs. Many of these runners, as the plant pro- ceeds, will show embryo fruit at the joints ; but a great many barren ones are occasionally produced, and hence it becomes necessary to regulate them. Abercrombie says, “ cut out the superabundant, unfruitful, or evidently useless shoots, especially the very weak and most luxuriant, for the middle-sized are the most fertile.” Nicol says, “ melons should be kept moderately thin of vines, though not so thin as cucumbers (the foliage being smaller), which should never be much lopped at one time, as they are also apt to bleed. All bruised, damped, or decayed leaves should be carefully picked off as they appear, and the plants should be kept clear from wreeds, or any rubbish that may be conveyed into the frames by wind or otherwise. M‘Phail directs to “ cut out from the melon-frames all super- fluous or decaying shoots. Stop shoots a joint or two before the fruit, and also cut off the ends of the long running shoots immediately before showing fruit, if there is a leading shoot coming out by the side of it ; for you ought to remember always in pruning melons, that a fruit will not swell well except there be a growing shoot before it ; and this shoot, which is called a leader, because it leads or draws the sap from the roots to and past the fruit, should be stopped before a joint, that will, if the plant is in good health, sprout out again. Do not let your plants get too full of leaves, and cut off the oldest and worst leaves first. This ought to be done at least once or twice a week, by which method they will be nearly always in a medium state of thinness, and the plants and fruit will derive advantages which they would be deprived of were they suffered to become over-crowded with leaves and shoots, and then a great many cut out at one time. If melons are of a large kind, no more than one or two should be left on a plant to swell off at one time ; if smaller three or four fruit may be left.” — Gard. Rem. p. 278. Knight, in an ingenious and philosophical paper on the culture of the melon, states “ that his crops of melons failed, because watering over the foliage, pruning, weeding, &c. had removed the leaves, on the extended branches, from their proper position, and these leaves, being heavy, broad, slender and feeble, on long footstalks, were never able to regain it. In consequence, a large portion of that foliage which pre- ceded or was formed at the same period with the blossoms, and which nature intended to generate sap to feed the fruit, became diseased and sickly, and consequently out of office, before the fruit acquired maturity.” To remedy this defect, the plants were placed at greater distances from each other, viz. one plant of the Salonica variety, to each light of 6 feet long by 4 feet wide. The earth was covered with tiles, and the branches trained in all directions, and hooked down over them with pegs. They were thus secured from being disturbed from their first position, the leaves were held erect, and at an equal distance from the glass, and enabled, if slightly moved from their proper position, to regain it. “ I, however, still found that the leaves sustained great injury from the weight of the water falling from the watering-pot ; and I therefore ordered the water to be poured from a vessel of a proper construction, upon the brick tiles, between the leaves without at all touching then), and thus managed, I had the pleasure to see that the foliage remained erect and healthy. The fruit also grew with very extraordinary rapidity, ripened in an unusually short time, and acquired a degree of perfection which I had never previously seen. As soon as a sufficient quantity of fruit, betw'een 20 and 30 pounds on each plant, is set, I would recommend the further produc- tion of foliage to be prevented, by pinching off the lateral shoots as soon as produced, wherever more foliage cannot be exposed to the light. No part of the full growm leaves should ever be destroyed ; however distant from the fruit and growing on a distinct branch of the plant, they still contribute to its support ; and hence it arises, that when a plant has as great a number of growing fruit upon part of its branches, as it is capable of feeding, the blossoms upon other branches, which extend in an opposite direction, prove abortive.” — Loud, encycl. gard. p. 648. Setting. — “ As the fruit bearers come into blossom, you may assist the setting of the fruit, by impregnating some of the female blossoms with the male flowers, as described for the cucumber. The melon, however, will also set naturally, and produce fertile seeds, if the time of fructification fall at a season when the glasses can be left almost constantly open.” — Abercrombie. Nicol says, “ he has proved experimentally, that melons not impregnated will not swell off so fair and handsome as im- pregnated ones, and, therefore, considers it more necessary to attend to this operation in melons than in cucumbers. There- fore let nature be assisted in this work, considering that she is more under restraint here than if the plants grew in the open air, where the wind, insects, and other casualties, might be helped.” — Kalend. p. 384. Care of fruit. — “ As the fruit increases to the size of a walnut, place a flat tile or slate under each to protect it from the damp of the earth ; the slab thus interposed will also assist the fruit to ripen, by reflecting the rays of the sun.” — Abercrombie. M'Phail says, “ The fruit should lie upon dry tiles. When the fruit is young, it is better to have a gentle shade of leaves, but when it is full swelled, it should be entirely exposed to the sun.” Nicol advises placing the fruit on bits of slate or glass some time before it begins to ripen, as the flavour might else be tainted, but by no means slate or moss the whole surface of the bed, lest you encourage the red spider. Think on the re- flection of the sun upon the slates or tiles, in hot weather par- ticularly, and of his additional force in shining through glass. It is more consonant to the nature of the plants that they be trained on the earth. By mossing the surface, the indolent may find a pretext, as it no doubt, in some measure, lessens the labour of watering. But it is wrong to do so, in so far as it har- bours and encourages the breeding of various insects, and as the fruit approaches to maturity, taints it with an unpleasant effluvia.” CUCURBITACE^E. IV. Cucumis. 11 Time of maturation. — “ The interval between the setting of the fruit and perfect maturity is generally from 30 to 40 days ; but the plants in the same bed, and the vines on the same plant, often show some difference in the time of reaching maturity.” — Abercrombie. Cutting the fruit. — “ Ripe melons are distinguished by their full size ; sometimes by turning yellowish, more constantly by imparting an agreeable odour, often by the base of the footstalk, close to the fruit, cracking in a little circle. On these indica- tions, the fruit should be cut before too mellow or dead ripe, that it may eat with a lively sharp flavour. The morning is the time for cutting.” Melons, Nicol observes, “ if allowed to remain on the plant till they be of a deep yellow colour (which many do) lose much of their flavour. They should, therefore, be cut as soon as they begin to change to a greenish yellow, or rather, as soon as they begin to smell ripe. They may lie in the frame for a day or two, if not immediately wanted, where they will acquire sufficient colour. But if they are let remain many days in the frame, they will become as insipid as if they had been left too long on the plant.” Saving seed. — “ The ordinary mode is to request the seeds of particularly fine fruits, of approved sorts, to be returned from table. The best way, however, is to pick some of the best ripe fruit, take out the seed, clean it from the pulp, and let it be well dried and hardened, and then put it up in paper.” — Abercrombie. Nicol says, “ wash it very clean, skimming off the light seeds, as those only that sink in water will grow.” — Kal. p. 396. Great care must be taken that the sorts, from which seeds are saved, are genuine and distinct. When different sorts are planted in the same frame, this cannot be the case. Second crop from the same plants. — “ When the fruit of the first crop is off, a second crop may be obtained from the stools, which often proves more productive than the first. If the first crop is taken before the middle of June, the second will come in at a very good time. For this purpose, as soon as the fruit is cut, prune the plant, shorten the vigorous healthy runners at a promising joint. At the same time take off all decayed leaves, stir the surface of the mould, and renew it partially by 3 inches’ depth of fresh compost. Water the plant copiously, shutting down the glasses for the night. Shade in the middle of hot days, and give but little air until the plants have made new radicles and shoots. Afterwards repeat the course of culture above described, from the stage when the first runners are sent out till the fruit is cut.” Nicol says, “ When all the fruit of the first crop are cut, suppose in 3 or 4 weeks, the plants may be pruned for the production of a second crop, equal and perhaps superior to the first. They should be cut pretty much in, in order to cause them to push plenty of new vines, which will be very fruitful, observing always to cut at a joint of some promise, and to thin out all decayed or unhealthy vines, dead leaves, &c. Observe also to cut an inch or two above the joint you expect to push, and then to bruise the end of the stem so lopped with the thumb and finger, which will, in a great mea- sure, prevent it from bleeding. The plants should be shaded from the mid-day sun for a week or ten days, exposing them to his fidl rays by degrees. Now, also, let the mould in the frame be well watered, in order to put the roots in a state of active vegetation; point over the surface with a small stick, or little wedge, and cover the whole with about 2 inches of fresh mould. This will greatly encourage the plants, and cause them to make new fibres near the surface. At this period air need not be admitted very freely, especially while the glasses are covered, but rather as it were endeavour to force the plants into new life. After they begin to shoot, water, admit air, prune, train, and otherwise manage the plants as before directed. If the season be fine, they may yield you a third crop by a repetition of the above rules, coming in in September, which might be very gratifying. I once had 52 full-sized fruit pro- duced in a 3-light frame, a second crop, and two dozen on a third off the same plants, the early golden cantaloupe. Of the first crop 26 fruit, two were cut the 10th of May. Thus, a 3-light box produced, in one season 102 full matured melons.” M'Phail says “ if you intend to have melons as long as there is a sufficiency of sun to ripen them tolerably well, you had best put linings of warm dung to some of your beds. These, if applied in time and kept on, will cast fresh heat into the beds, and, with other necessary assistance, the plants will grow as long as you want them.” Plan of obtaining a second crop of melons. — “ When the first crop of fruit is nearly gathered, cuttings are taken from the extremities of the shoots which show the most fruit ; these are cut off close under the second advanced joint, or about the fifth leaf from the top ; the two largest leaves at the bottom of the cutting are taken off, and thus prepared, are inserted in 24- sized pots, two in each pot, in light rich soil, gently shaken down. After being watered, the pots are placed in a 1 -light frame, on a hot-bed previously prepared, and plunged in the moder- ately dry soil, with which it is covered. The frame is kept close and shaded for a few days, and in a week the cuttings will have struck root. The old melon-plants, with the soil in which they grew, are now all cleared out of the frames, fresh soil to the depth of 1 2 inches put in, and the beds well lined with fresh dung. In 10 days from the time of inserting the cuttings they will be ready to plant out, which is done in the usual way. When the plants have pushed about 14 inches, the end of each shoot is pinched off, to cause them to produce fresh runners, and the fruit which showed on the cuttings will swell rapidly, and in 3 weeks after replanting the beds, abun- dance of fine fruit may be expected. This way of getting a second crop is far more certain than either pruning back the old plants, or planting seedlings ; because cuttings grow less luxuriantly, are less liable to casualties, and are much more prolific.” — Harrison ex Loud. gard. mag. 2. p. 414. Cultivation of the Persian varieties of the melon. — T. A. Knight (Hort. reg. no. 6. p. 263.) erected a small forcing- house for the exclusive culture of this fruit, and grew them by means of fire heat. This house consists of a back wall, nearly nine feet high, and a front wall nearly 6 feet, inclosing a hori- zontal space 9 feet wide and 30 feet long. The fire-place is at the east end and very near the front wall ; and the flue passes to the other end of the house, within 4 inches of the front wall, and returns back again, leaving a space of 8 inches only be- tween the advancing and returning course of it, and the smoke escapes at the north-east corner of the building. The front flue is composed of bricks laid flat, in order to give a temperate permanent heat, and the returning one with them standing on their edges, the usual way. The space between the flues is filled with fragments of burnt bricks, which absorb much water, and generally give out moisture to the air of the house. Air is admitted through apertures in the front wall, which are 4 inches wide and nearly 3 in height, and which are situated level with the top of the flues, and are 18 inches distant from each other. The air escapes through similar apertures near the top of the back wall. These are left open, or partially or wdiolly closed, as circumstances require. Thirty-two pots are placed upon the flues, each being 16 inches wide and 14 inches deep ; but they are raised by a piece of stone or brick to prevent their coming in actual contact with the flues. In each of these pots one melon-plant is put, and afterwards trained upon a trellis, placed about 14 inches distant from the glass, and each plant is permitted to bear but one melon only. The height from the ground at which the trellis is placed, is such as can be con- 12 CUCURBITACEjE. IV. Cucumis. veniently walked under, to discover the appearance of red spiders or other noxious insects ; and by this method two, and even three crops may be obtained in one season. Being so liable to burst, Mr. Knight raised the points of the fruit higher than the stems, and not one failed to ripen in a perfect state ; they were found to ripen very well hanging perpendicularly, but the Ispahan grew very deformed. Late crop on old hot-beds. — To ripen melons, not earlier than the month of August, M‘Phail “ generally made beds of dung which had first been used for linings to the early cucumber and melon-beds. For this purpose, this kind of dung is better than new dung, because it does not heat violently, and for a consider- able time keeps its heat. Leaves of trees make very good melon-beds, but they do not produce heat enough alone for linings ; but of whatever materials melon-beds be made, the air in the frames among the plants should be kept sweet and strong, otherwise the plants will not grow freely. It may be known whether the air be sweet or whether it be not, by putting the head in under the lights and smelling it. But it frequently happens to be difficult to bring dung-beds into a requisite state of kindliness for these delicate plants, for if the dung by any means get and retain too much water, before its noxious vapours pass off by evaporation, it will stagnate and become sour, and until these pernicious qualities be removed, which requires time and patience, the plants will not grow kindly ; and besides this, although corrupted, stinking air hinders the growth of plants of the melon kind, it greatly promotes the health and forwards the breeding of different kinds of insects, which feed upon and otherwise hurt fruits and plants, and esculent veget- ables of various kinds.” A method of growing the melon, adopted by Mr. Lovell, (Gard. mag. 7. p. 461.) varies in one or two very essential points from any that he has seen practised ; first in well bedding and firmly rooting the plants to support a good crop of fruit ; second in early setting and preserviug the first fruit, and forcing the whole of the plants luxuriantly through the whole of the period necessary for their maturity. To effect this he prepares his bed with dung well watered and fermented, or tan, not wishing such a strong heat as for cucumbers. He sows his seeds in pots, in which the plants remain until they are turned into the hills, leaving only 3 plants in each pot. These he places in the dung, in order to start them as soon as the bed is made up, unless there should be another bed in use at the same time. As soon as the second rough leaf appears, he puts a hill of good melon soil under each light, composed of good loam and turf, adding a sixth part of good rotten dung, well mixed with the spade, but not sifted. This he waters if dry, and treads in the hills firmly, making a hole in the centre, and turning out a pot of plants with the ball entire into each hole. Should the weather be very warm, he waters them overhead abundantly, and in the space of a fortnight they will have grown to four or five joints each : he then stops them dow n to three joints. By this time the heat of the bed will have become reduced to such a temperature as to allow of moulding up the plants, well heading in and watering as you proceed. As the plants will at this time be strongly rooted, and in vigorous growth, in the course of three days they will have pushed a strong shoot from each of the three eyes in a horizontal direction, and they will seldom fail of showing fruit at the first joint ; you may rely at least on two out of three of these fruits setting. Before the fruit comes to blossom, the bed must be covered 1|- inch thick with dry sand, but mould will do, and do not water the bed any more for at least 3 weeks. This prevents the newly formed fruit from turning yellow and damping off. All shoots that appear, except the three above mentioned, must be removed. As these shoots will show fruit at the first or second joint, if such fruit be set and taken care of, it will be three parts grown before the vines will have reached the outside of the bed, arriv- ing at perfection in nearly half the time it would have done if the vines had been left in confusion. Particular care must be taken in pruning, never to stop the three shoots that bear the fruit, nor yet the lateral ones produced from the same joint as the fruit. These lateral shoots will show fruit at the first joint, which fruit must be preserved until the other is swelling, then take off this lateral shoot, but do not stop the vine. But should any accident happen to the other fruit, the shoot bearing it must be taken off, and the lateral shoot treated as a main one, when the fruit on it will swell accordingly ; and all the laterals that spring from the main shoot must be stopped, leaving one joint and leaf only. On the cultivation of the melon. — J. Holland (Gard. mag. 7. p. 575.) plants off his seedlings singly in 60-sized pots, and when sufficiently advanced in growth they are stopped so near the seed-leaf, as only to admit of them throwing out 2 lateral shoots, and when these principal leaders extend to 2 or 3 joints, they are finally planted out into frames or pits, having the bot- tom heat arranged according to the advanced state of the spring months. Five melons were produced by a plant set in the centre of a two-light frame in the beginning of May, upon an old bed that had been previously employed for raising radishes. A dung lining was added to the back and one end of the frame, which was all the artificial heat the plant received, one vine was trained to the back and the other to the front of the frame. His practice is never to stop the vines until they have extended as far as their confinement will permit, and the laterals from the two leading vines, as they advance in growth, are trained to the right and left over the bed with neat pegs, and every fruit blos- som, as it expands, is carefully impregnated and placed upon a tile under the shade of a neighbouring leaf. In a day or two, or as soon as he thinks the fruit will set, he stops the vine at the first or second joint beyond it. In this way he proceeds, in setting all the fruit he can, until the surface of the bed is covered with foliage, which is never deranged more than can be avoided. While the fruit is setting, he gives air very freely, sometimes he draws the lights quite off for a few hours on sunny days, and he also, by applying or withholding heat or water, endeavours to keep them in a state betwixt luxuriance and de- bility, for in either extreme they will not set well. Having advanced thus far, he commences swelling them off. He begins this with pinching off all the ends of the lateral shoots that have not already been stopped to assist the young fruit. He now gives no more air than will prevent the sun from scorching their leaves. He looks over them every morning, and takes off all the blossoms as they appear, and stops every young shoot back to one joint above that of the vine which produces it. He watches over them every afternoon in fine weather, and before the sun has quite left the frame, he syringes or waters them all over, leaves, fruit, and all, and shuts down the glasses for the night. He always prefers performing this while the departing rays of the sun have sufficient strength to raise a sweet vaporous heat of about 90°, which serves them to feast upon long after the sun has disappeared. A few days of such treatment will determine which fruit will take the lead in swelling off, out of which he selects 2 or 3 to each plant, according to the sort, and all the rest he cuts away. As the fruit advances in growth, it is necessary at intervals to turn them a little on the tiles, to prevent them from growing flat, and discolouring on one side, and also from rotting. When they have attained as large a size as he thinks the sort will admit, he leaves off watering, and again gives all the air he can, by taking the lights entirely off when the weather is favorable ; and if the season is not too far advanced, he leaves them to ripen without any other assist- CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis. 13 ance. For an early crop of melons, he grows the small early cantaloup , 1 plant in a light when the frame is narrow, and 2 if wide, with 2 or 3 fruit on each plant, which in general weigh from 2 to 3 pounds each. He succeeds these with the scarlet and green-flesh, planted and trained as above, the pro- duce of which is from 2 to 6 pounds. His principal crop is, however, from the black rock, which he has grown of all sizes up to 13j lbs. weight; the plants are much more hardy than many other sorts, it is a good bearer, the fruit handsome, and the flavour excellent. The sort which he grew so large was originally from France, and in its primeval state was a rock ; but it has lately been strongly impregnated with the scarlet flesh, which fruit it now resembles in all its characters, except in growing much larger. The largest melon weighed 24^ lbs. The above is Mr. Holland’s general practice of cultivating the melon, which practice he says he will still continue to adhere to unless fully convinced he can adopt a better. Insects and diseases. — To prevent melon plants from being infested with insects or injured by diseases of any kind, no bet- ter method can be adopted than to keep the plants constantly in a healthy, vigorous, growing state ; for this purpose, M’Phail observes, “ they must be constantly attended to, giving them plenty of heat and water. In warm weather in the spring and the summer, they should be watered occasionally all over the fruit and leaves, till the earth in which they grow be thoroughly moistened, and a stronger heat than usual be kept in the frames about the plants for a few hours ; also the lights should be shut down every afternoon, with a good strong heat among the plants. If there be sufficient moisture in the earth the greatest sun heat in the afternoon will not hurt the plants, but it might scorch the sides of the large fruit, exposed to the sun-beams operating upon the glass, which should be guarded against. The frames and lights should be kept clean and painted over once every year. Melon plants are subject to be infested and hurt by the mildew and by the canker. These diseases come upon them because they are not in a good climate, they have not a suffi- ciency of heat, or the dung and earth of the bed is in a stagnated state. Melon plants are liable to be greatly injured by an insect called the red spider, which increases surprisingly in hot dry weather. As I said before, nothing will prevent plants from the inroads of disease and insects but heat, sweet air, and a sufficiency of water, which sweetens the atmosphere, and makes it healthy for vegetables as well as for animals. And nothing will eradicate disease and insects from melon plants but good management, strong heat, and plenty of water given all over them. Diseased plants, or plants much infested with insects, cannot produce good healthy fruit. The mildew is a most pernicious disease to all sorts of plants. On melons it gener- ally makes its first appearance on the oldest leaves and on the extremities of the young shoots. The cause of it, I apprehend, is unhealthy nourishment comprehended in the elements, or their not harmonising in the promotion of the growth of the plant ; for by practitioners it may be observed, that when a dung hot- bed gets into a stagnated sour state, the plants do not grow kindly, the air in the frames is saturated with unhealthy parti- cles, and so also must be the juices drawn into the plants by their roots. These must breed diseases, if preventive means be not applied. It cannot be reasonably supposed that plants of a delicate nature will continue in a healthy state growing upon aheap of stinking dung, and in confined air. When melon plants have become diseased, or much infested with the red spider, they should either be destroyed, or effectual means used to cure them. To destroy the plants is easy ; to cure them let the following methods be put in practice : get plenty of horse-dung thrown up in a large heap, turn it over once or twice, shaking and mixing it well, and let it lie till its rankness be somewhat evaporated, and if there be linings at the beds, take them entirely away, examine the dung of the beds, and if it be wet and has a bad smell, take a sharp-pointed stake, and make holes all round in the sides of the beds unto their centre, in such a slanting way that the water may easily run out of them ; then make a strong lining of the prepared dung all round the beds, and by occasional augmentations, keep up the linings nearly to a level with the surface of the earth in which the plants grow. As soon as the linings have cast a strong heat into the beds, scatter some flour of sulphur all over the plants, and keep as strong a heat in the frames as the plants can bear ; a heat of 120° will not destroy them, if the steam of the linings be pre- vented from getting in among the plants. Water the plants all over their leaves about once a week, with clean water 100° warm, and if the sun shine keep the lights close shut down all day, and cover them up in the evenings, leaving a little air all night at each light, to prevent a stagnation of air among the plants. Continue this process till the mildew and the insects disappear, and the plants appear to grow freely, and afterwards manage them in the usual way, taking care to keep up a good strong heat in the linings. This method sets the old stagnated bed in a state of fermentation, which makes the moisture run out of it, and dries it so, that water given to the plants has free liberty to pass off. If the linings do not heat the air in the frames sufficiently, let some of the earth in the inside all round the sides of the boards be removed, to let the heat from the linings rise freely in the frame.” Culture of melons in a dung-pit. — “ A glazed pit to receive either stable-dung, leaves, or tanners’ bark, is calculated to ripen superior fine fruit. The well of the pit may be formed either by a nine-inch wall, or by strong planking, a yard in depth, from 6-8 feet wide, and in length from 10-20 feet or more as required. A low glass-case is to be fitted to it, adapted to the growth of the melon. Having raised the plants in a small seed- bed, as for the frame crop, ridge them out into the pit in the usual manner. Give the proper subsequent culture, and when the strength of the fermenting mass begins to decline, add linings outside the pit, if inclosed by boards, but if inclosed by a nine-inch wall, cut away as much of the dung and earth within, and throw it out, as will admit a lining of well-tempered dung.” — Abercrombie. Culture of melons in a flued pit. — One such as that proper for the nursing pinery is here understood ; and the plants being raised in the usual way, and the bed, whether filled with dung, tan, or leaves, or a mixture of these, being moulded, plant about the end of July. Nicol prefers for such late crops “ the early golden cantaloup, the orange cantaloup, and the netted canta- loup, planting a part of the pit with each.” A very mild bottom heat is sufficient for the purpose here in view ; and if the pit has been occupied in forcing asparagus, French-beans, or straw- berries, on a bark, or a bark and dung, or on a bark and leaf heat, it will require no other preparation than to be stirred up and have a little fresh materials added, keeping the fresh bark, dung, or leaves well down, and finishing the bed with some of the smallest and best reduced. When it has settled a few days, let it be moulded all over to the thickness of 12 or 15 inches ; pre- viously laying on a little more of the above small materials, in order to keep the plants well up to the glass, as the bed will fall considerably in the settling. It should be formed, and the mould should be laid on in a sloping manner from back to front, so as in some measure to correspond with the glasses. All being ready for the plants, they may either be planted in a row, in the middle of the pit, at 2 feet apart, or may be planted in 4 rows at 4 feet apart ; or, if they have been planted in nursing, 3 in a pot ; plant in the centre of each light, as directed for the common hot-bed, in March. Let them have a little water 14 CUCURBITACE.E. IV. Cucumis. and be shaded from the sun for a few days, exposing them to his rays by degrees. The future management of the plants dif- fer in nothing from that of melons in a hot-bed till September, when it will be proper to apply fire beat.” — “ About the begin- ning of September it will be proper to apply fire heat, in order to further the progress of late fruit, and to dry off damps. Let the fires be made very moderate at first, however, and increase their strength as the season becomes more cold and wet. Keep the mercury up to 70° in tire night, and in the day by the addi- tion of air keep it down to about 80° or 75°. Very little water- will now suffice for the plants, as their roots will be fully esta- blished, and be spread over the whole bed ; the heat of which will also now have subsided. They should only, therefore, have a little water once in 8 or 10 days, and as the fruit begin to ripen off, entirely withhold it. Keep the plants moderately thin of vines and foliage ; be careful to pick off all damped leaves as they appear ; and fully expose the fruit to the sun as it ripens, in the manner directed for melons in the hot-bed. In this manner I have often had melons in October and November fully swelled, and in good, but not of course in high perfection, for want of sun to give them flavour. Any who have a pit of this kind, however, for the forcing of early vegetables, straw- berries, flowers, &c. cannot, perhaps, occupy it to a better pur- pose in the latter part of the season, as the trouble is but little, and the expence not worth mentioning.” Culture of melons in M'Phail's pit. — The inventor of this pit says, “ For the purpose of raising melons early, for many years I cultivated them on a brick bed, on the same construc- tion as that which I invented for rearing early cucumbers, ex- cepting only that through the pit of each 3-light box I carried no cross flues. When this bed was first set to work, I had the pits filled level with the surface of the flues, with well fermented dung or with the dung of old linings from the cucumber-bed. In each 3-light division I made the pit about 3 feet 6 inches wide and 10 feet long, and 3 feet deep below the surface of the flues. On the surface of the dung in the pits, I had laid about 10 inches thick of good earth, in a ridge of about 20 inches w-ide, from one end of the pit to the other. When this was done, I made a lining round the bed, and as soon as the earth became warm, I set the plants into the ridge of the earth, and gave them a little water, and kept a strong heat in the frames, and filled up the pit gradually as the roots and plants extended themselves.” — “ The dung or leaves of trees in the pit require not to be changed every year, neither need the earth for the plants be removed entirely every season, for by experience I found it to do very well by digging, and mixing with it some fresh earth and manure in winter, and exposing it to the rains, the frost, and the snow.” — “ In forcing melons early, the surface of the cross flues, as well as the surrounding and outside ones, should be kept bare of mould till the days of the spring get long, which will let the heat of the linings arise freely through the covers of the flues to warm the air among the plants. After the cross flues are covered with earth, those which surround each frame may be left uncovered till the month of May or June.”. — Gard. rem. p. 64. The culture in the brick bed is, in other respects, the same as that already given for melons in frames, and cucumbers in brick beds. See the monthly table of temperature under the cucumber. Culture under hand-glasses. — “ A successive or late crop, to fruit in August and September, may be raised on bot-bed ridges under hand-glasses. Sow in a hot-bed from the middle of March to the middle of April. When the plants have been up a few days, while in the seed-leaves, prick some into small pots, two plants in each ; water and plunge them into a hot-bed, managing as directed for the young frame plants, till the rough leaves are from 2-4 inches long, and the plants ready to shoot into runners. From the middle of March to the third week of May, when the plants are a month or five weeks old, they will be fit to ridge out under hand-glasses. With well-prepared stable-dung, or, with a mixture of fermented tree-leaves, build the hot-bed four feet wide and 2| feet thick, the length according to the number of glasses intended, allotting the space of 4 feet to each. In a week or ten days, or when the dung and leaves are brought to a sweet or well-tempered heat, mould the bed 10 or 12 inches thick, then place the glasses along the middle, and keep them close till the bed has warmed the earth. The same, or next day, insert the plants ; turn them out from the pots with the ball of earth entire, and allotting plants for each glass, insert the ball into the earth, clean down over the top, closing the mould about the stems. Give a little water and place the glasses over close. From about nine in the morning till three in the afternoon, of the first two or three days, shade the plants till they have taken root, when admit the sun more freely, yet only by degrees from day to day, till they can bear it fully without flagging much. Give air daily, in temperate weather, by tilting the edge of the glasses on the south side, an inch or two ; but in the present stage of the plants shut close at night. Cover w'ith mats till morning, constantly keeping the glasses over. Give occasional moderate waterings with aired water. Cover in the day time with mats in bad weather, or heavy or cold rains ; and continue the night covering until confirmed summer in July. Meanwhile attend to the heat of the bed ; if this be declined, so that the minimum temperature be not 65° at night, with the aid of mat- ting, line the sides with hot dung, covered with a layer of mould. The revived heat from the linings will forward the plants in fruiting, while the earth at top will enlarge the surface for the runners, and the bed for the roots. When the runners have extended considerably and filled the glasses, they must be trained out. Accordingly, at the beginning of June, in favourable settled warm weather, train out the runners, cutting away dwindling and useless crow-ding shoots; then the glasses must be raised all round, 2 or 3 inches, upon props to remain day and night. Cover with mats in cold nights and bad weather, but first arch the bed over with rods or hoop-bands to sup- port the mats. Apply moderate waterings as necessary in the morning or afternoon. Oiled paper frames, formed either arch- wise, or with 2 sloping sides, about 2 feet or 2j feet high, and of the width of the bed, are very serviceable in this stage. Some persons use them from the first, under a deficiency of hand-glasses. But the proper time for having recourse to them, is when the plants have been forwarded in hand-glasses till the runners require training out beyond the limits of the glasses, some time in June ; then removing the glasses, substitute the oiled frames, as these paper screens will entirely afford pro- tection from heavy rains or tempests, as well as from nocturnal cold, and also screen the plants from the excessive heat of the sun, while, being pellucid, they admit its influence of light and warmth effectually. Give proper admission of free air below, and occasional watering. With respect, however, to the crop for which no oiled paper frames have been provided, continue the hand-glasses constantly on the bed, over the main head and stem of the plants throughout the season, to defend those capital parts from casual injuries by the weather. Throughout June, and thence to the decline of summer, be careful, if much rain or other unfavourable weather, or cold nights occur, to shelter the beds occasionally, with an awning of mats or canvass, par- ticularly when the plants are in blossom. Likewise turn in some of the best full set exterior fruit under the glasses, or some spare glasses might be put over the outside melons, to forward them without check to maturity. Some will be ready to cut in July, others in August, the more general time, and in September ; they being generally, after setting, from 30-40 days CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis. 15 in ripening. The crop coming in at the decline of summer will not ripen well, unless guarded from cold at nights, and assisted by linings. The fruit that do not ripen may be used for mangoes. “ Wide ridge, or the fruiting-bed, may be made 6, 7, or 8 feet wide, for the plants to have an ample surface for their ex- tending runners, defended either with a regular frame, and glasses of proportionate dimensions, or a case formed of an inch and a half boarding, ranged connectedly along both sides of the bed, without any external cross divisions, other than top cross bars, to stay the sides and support the glasses.” Method of growing crops of melons in the open borders. — The mode of growing cucumbers on ridges of shallow beds of half-spent dung in the open air, is well known to gardeners ; and in warm situations melons may be grown in the same manner. The sorts grown by Mr. Greenshields were the black rocks, green-fleshed, netted, and early cantaloup. The seeds of the first crop were sown about the middle of March, in pots in a cucumber-frame, and the bed or ridge was prepared in the first or second week in May, 4 feet wide, and 1 foot higher at the back or north side than in front. Hand-glasses, with 2 or 3 plants in each, are placed, 4 feet apart, along the centre of the bed. Very little air is given till the plants have filled the glasses, but when these appear to get crowded with vines, the glasses are raised up, and the plants allowed to grow up in the manner of ridged cucumbers. If the vines are very thick, a few of the weakest may be pinched off, and the top of each leading shoot or vine removed. No more pruning will be necessary for the season. Setting the fruit at this season of the year is quite necessary. To have handsome fruit, not more than one or two should be left on the plant. They will begin to ripen about the first week in August, and continue to be produced through that month and part of September. To prolong the season, seeds may be sown three weeks later, planted out like the first crop, and when there is appearance of frosty nights, a cucumber-frame and sashes may be placed over them. By this means tolerably good melons may be had till the end of October. — Greenshields, ex Loud, gard. mag. 3. p. 182. There is another method of cultivating melons in the open air ; that is, to raise a bed of old tan, and tramp it well and firmly down, placing some stakes and boards behind to keep up the tan, so that the bed may slope in front ; 6 inches of mould should be placed on the tan, and the melon plants planted into it. Grass or leaves may be placed at the back of the bed to keep up the heat. The plants should be reared on a hot-bed. Melon. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. tr. 2 C. deliciosus (Roth. cat. 3. p. 307.) angles of leaves blunt; fruit roundish-ovate, pubescent, with white, very fragrant flesh, and a thin rind. ©. F. Native of the East Indies, but now cultivated in Spain. Perhaps only a variety of the common melon. Delicious Melon. FI. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl.tr. 3 C. sativus (Lin. spec. 1437.) stems rough, bearing ten- drils ; leaves cordate, obscurely 5-lobed, petiolate, terminal lobe the largest ; flowers on short peduncles, largish, usually by threes ; male flowers having the tube of the calyx tubularly- campanulate, and with a spreading deflexed limb ; fruit long, somewhat triquetrous, smooth or prickly, and usually shining, having the carpels distinctly separable in the inside. ©. F. Native of Tartary and the East Indies. — Blackw. herb. t. 4. — Lob. stirp. 363. f. 1. The cucumber is called Ketimou and Timou by the Hindoos. Flowers yellow, as in the rest of the species. The cucumber is called concombre in French ; gurke in Ger- man ; and Citriuolo in Italian ; it is a tender annual, a native of the East Indies, and was introduced in 1573. It is a trailing 8 and climbing plant, with large, roundish, rough leaves, furnished with tendrils, and if sown in the open air in May, produces flowers from July to August. The cucumber is of nearly as great antiquity as the vine, for Moses, the earliest Jewish author, mentions it as abounding in Egypt when the children of Israel were there, above 3000 years ago. (Numbers, chap, ii.) In England it is cultivated generally and extensively in forcing frames, and in the open air, and especially near large cities and towns. “ Not only gentlemen,” as M‘Phail observes, “ but almost every tradesman who has a garden and dung, have their cucumber-frame.” In Hertfordshire, whole fields are annually seen covered with cucumbers, without the aid of dung or glass, and the produce of which is sent to the metropolis for pickling. In march, cucumbers fetch in the London market a guinea a dozen ; in August and September a penny a dozen. The village of Sandy, in Bedfordshire, has been known to furnish 10,000 bushels of pickling cucumbers in one week. Use. — The green fruit is used as salad ; it is also salted when half grown ; and preserved in vinegar when young and small. In Germany and Poland, barrels of half, and also full grown cucumbers, are preserved from one year to another by immersion in deep wells, where the uniform temperature and exclusion of air seem to be the preserving agents. Varieties. — The principal of these are as follow : — List of cucumbers. 1 Early long prickly. — This fruit is from 5-7 inches long, of a green colour, with few prickles. The plant is a good bearer, and upon the whole this is the best cucumber for the general summer crop, the flesh being very crisp and pleasant. 2 Largest green prickly. — From 7-10 inches long; it has a dark green skin, closely set with small prickles. This is a hardy sort, but does not come early. 3 Early short prickly. — Not more than 4 inches long; the skin green and rather smooth, but with a few small black prickles. This is one of the hardiest and earliest sorts, and is often preferred for the first crop. 4 Dutch or white short prickly. — Though not much cultivated, is recommended by some as preferable even to the early long prickly; it has fewer seeds, is evidently different in taste from most other cucumbers, but of agreeable flavour. 5 Cluster cucumber. — A very early sort ; the flowers appear in clusters of 3 or 4 together; the fruit is seldom more than 5 inches long ; it is at first of a fine green colour, but becomes yellowish as it ripens. The stems of this variety are much in- clined to climb by means of their tendrils upon sticks ; the leaves are small, and the plant altogether occupies but little room. 6 Smooth green Roman. — An early sort ; the fruit becomes large and long, and is quite smooth ; the plants grow very strong, and require a good deal of room. 7 White Turkey. — The stalks and leaves are larger than in the other varieties ; the fruit also is very long, sometimes from 10- 15, or even 20 inches ; it is quite straight, and has a smooth skin, destitute of prickles ; it is produced sparingly, and late in the season. 8 Long green Turkey. — Sometimes sown for the late crop. Late cucumbers, however, are much less cultivated than the early varieties, most gardeners being of opinion, that those kinds which are best for the early crop, are also best for the late. 9 Nipaul. — Fruit very large, usually weighs upwards of 12 lbs., measures in girth 24 inches, and in length 17 inches ; flavour pleasant, and esteemed for standing. It is a native of Nipaul, irom whence it was introduced to the botanical garden at Cal- cutta ; but it is not likely that it ever will be much cultivated in this country. Culture. — The culture of the cucumber, as a table esculent, 16 CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis. is chiefly carried on by artificial heat, and is therefore treated of under that head. For pickling it is chiefly cultivated in the open ground, by what is termed drilling. To have a crop in the natural ground, the seed is sown in warm compartments of rich earth, towards the end of May or beginning of June, when the weather is settled, warm and dry. The plants should mostly remain where sown, to produce late fruit towards the end of July, or more generally in August and September; small for pickling, and in larger growth for ordinary consumption. Sow a portion in a warm border, and the main crop in an open com- partment. Dig the ground neatly even. Trace lines with in- tervals of 5 or 6 feet ; and in the lines mark stations 3 ^ feet distant, then with a trowel at each of these spots, form shallow circular saucer-form cavities in the surface, 10 or 12 inches wide and about an inch deep in the middle. Sow in the middle of each cavity 8 or 10 seeds, half an inch deep. When the plants are come up, and begin to put forth the first leaves in the centre, thin them to 3 or 4 of the strongest in each hole. Earth these up a little between and close round the stems, pressing them a little asunder, and give them some water to settle the earth below and above. In their advancing growth train out the leading runners, supplying them with requisite waterings in dry weather 2 or 3 times a-week, and sometimes every day in very dry hot weather, in July, August, or Septem- ber. At this season water early in the morning and late in the afternoon towards evening.” Gathering. — “ The crop comes in sometimes towards the end of July, but more generally not before August in full produc- tion ; continuing till about the middle or end of September, when the plants decline. Be careful to gather the fruit in a fine state both for pickling and other purposes. They must be quite young for pickling, not exceeding 2 or 3 inches in length.” — Abercrombie. Forcing cucumbers. — To produce cucumbers at an early season, is an object of emulation with every gardener ; and there is scarcely any person who has not a cucumber-bed in his garden. We shall lay down a systematic view of the practices of the most approved gardeners in the culture of this plant, as has been our usual custom with other garden plants. Cucum- bers are forced in hot-beds, pits, and hot-houses, and the heat of fire, and warm water, and steam, and dung, have been applied to their culture ; but dung, as the author last quoted observes, is the only thing yet found out, by the heat of which the cu- cumber may be advantageously cultivated. Soil. — Cucumbers, like every other plant, will grow in any soil, though not with the same degree of vigour, provided they be supplied with a sufficiency of heat, light, water, and air. For early forcing, Abercrombie recommends a mould or com- post of the following materials : “ One third of rich top-spit earth, from an upland pasture, one-third of vegetable mould, and one-sixth of wrell decomposed horse-dung, with a small quantity of sand.” M‘Phail used vegetable mould made from a mixture (accidental) of the leaves of elm, lime, beech, syca- more, horse and sweet chestnut, spruce, and Scotch fir, w’alnut, laurel oak, evergreen oak, ash, &c. and among them withered grass and weeds of various kinds. “ This vegetable mould,” he says, “ without a mixture of any thing besides, is what I used for growing cucumbers in, and by experience I found it preferable to any other moulds, earths, or composts whatever, either in my new method of a brick bed, or in the old method of a bed made of horse-dung.” Nicolsays, “ soil thus composed will produce cucumbers in great abundance : three-fourths light rich black earth from a pasture, an eighth part vegetable mould of decayed tree-leaves, and an eighth part rotten cow-dung.” Kal. p. 393. W. T. Aiton gives the following as the compost used in Kew Gardens : “ Of light loam a few months from the common, one-third part, the best rotten dung one-third part, leaf-mould and heath-earth of equal parts, making one-third part. The whole well mixed for use.” G. Mills states that the soil he uses “ is half-bog or black mould, got from a dry heathy common, and half leaf-mould : after lying 12 months in a heap, the compost is fit for use.” Time of beginning to force. — Abercrombie says, “ Managers who have to provide against demands for early cucumbers, must raise the seedlings from 10-12 weeks before the fruit will be required, according to the length of the days in the interval. In proportion as the entire course embraces a greater part of the mid-winter, the liability of failure from obstacles in the weather will be greater. The last fortnight in January, or first week in February, is a good time for beginning to force the most early crop. In the subsequent months, both main and second- ary crops may be started as required, and will come forward more freely. To have a constant succession, seedlings should be raised twice a month. As the course of forcing more coin- cides with the natural growing season, the length cf it will be reduced to 8, 7, or 6 weeks.” M‘Phail says, “ those who are desirous of having cucumbers early, had best sow seeds about the 20th of October ; they may be sown at any time of the year, but the spring and autumn are the best seasons. Cucum- ber plants may be made to bear fruit plentifully from about the middle of March till the middle of September ; but from the middle of September till the middle of March their produce will be but scanty. Cucumber-plants, raised from seed in Oc- tober, will begin to produce fruit in February or March, and will continue to bear till the following month of October, pro- vided they be kept in frames and get plenty of heat and wrater.” Nicol recommends the middle of January. He says “ Some begin sooner, but it is striving hard against the stream to little pur- pose. If the dung be prepared and the bed be got ready, so as to sow about the first of February, the success will often be greater than by sowing a month earlier, the growth of the plants being frequently checked by bad weather, and sometimes they are entirely lost.” Aiton, in the paper above quoted, sowed on the 12th and 20th of August, with a view to cultivate in stoves, a regular supply of this vegetable being annually required for the royal tables. G. Mills sows on the first of October. Sorts. — Abercrombie recommends the short prickly for very early fruit, and the long prickly kinds for the chief early and main summer crops. Nicol says every gardener has his favour- ite sort of cucumber, and it is no easy matter to advise. He names as early sorts generally known, the early short prickly as the earliest ; the early smooth green, a long fruit, the long green prickly, and the white prickly, a white fruit. Choice of seed. — “ It is advisable,” Abercrombie observes, “ to have that at least from 2-4 years old, in preference to newer seed, which is more apt to run luxuriantly in vine, and the plants from it do not show fruit so soon or so abundantly as those from seed of greater age. But when seed has been kept more than 4 years, it is sometimes found to be too much weakened.” Forming the seed-bed. — “ A one-light frame,” Abercrombie says, “ will be large enough for ordinary purposes. Choose a dry sheltered part of the melon-ground, and form a bed for a 1- light frame. When high winds are suffered to blow against a cucumber-bed, they have a very powerful effect on it, for in that case the heat will not only be greatly abated, but also forced and driven into the corners of the frames, and, consequently, some parts thereof are rendered too cold, whilst other parts are made too hot, and of course the plants are all equally endangered, retarded in their growth, and perhaps some, if not all of them, totally destroyed. Therefore, when a cucumber-bed is about to be built, the first object of consideration should be, to have it, as well as possible, sheltered from the high winds and CUCURBIT ACEiE. IV. Cucumis. 17 boisterous, stormy weather.” Having put on the frame and waited till the bed is fit for moulding, lay in five or six inches’ depth of the proper earth or compost. M'Phail “ makes up a bed of good dung, four feet high, for a 1 -light box.” Nicol “ builds a bed of dung, carefully fermented, to the height of 5 feet at back, and 4 at front, keeping it a foot larger all round than a 1-light frame, or about five or six feet by three or three and a half. He then covers with turf, and on that lays fine sand, as free of earth as possible, to the depth of about 6 inches, laying in a sloping manner, corresponding with the glass and within 6 inches of it; over which lay an inch or two of dry light earth.” Aiton and Mills also prepare a bed for a 1 -light box ; the latter forms it on a stratum of wood 1 foot high for drainage, and 8 inches higher in the middle than at the sides, as the sides are liable, from the weight of the frame, to settle faster than in the middle, which causes the piles of earth to crack ; by which in fruiting-beds more especially the roots of . the plants are greatly injured. Sowing. — Abercrombie sows some seeds in the layer of the earth, which he spreads over the bed, putting them in half an inch deep. He also sows some seed in 2, 3, or more small pots of the same kind of earth, which may be plunged a little into that of the bed. M'Phail sows in a pot filled with rich earth, covers about 2 inches thick, and sets the pots on the surface of the naked dung on the bed. Nicol sows immediately after the bed is made, without waiting till the heat arises, which he says is losing time, and the opportunity of bringing on veget- ation by degrees as the heat rises. He sows in a broad pan 4 inches deep, or in small pots 4 or 5 inches in diameter, and as much in depth. These he fills with “ fine light earth” or veget- able mould, and covers the seeds 2 inches. He plunges these to the brim in the back part of the bed (which, it will be re- collected contains a stratum of earth 6 inches thick, over one of sand and another of turf), puts on the light, and lets the frame be matted at night, in the ordinary way. Raising plants from cuttings. — M'Phail says, “ Instead of raising cucumber plants from seeds, they may be raised from cuttings, and thus kept on from year to year, in the following manner ; the method of sticking them in is this : take a shoot which is just ready for stopping, cut it off just below the joint, behind the joint before which the shoot should have been stopped, then cut smooth the lower end of the shoot or cutting, and stick it in fine leaf or other rich mould, about an inch deep, and give it plenty of heat, and shade it from the rays of the sun till it be fairly struck. By this method, as well as by that of laying, cucumber plants may readily be propagated.” J. Mearns, gardener at Shobden Court, near Leominster, propa- gates his cucumber-plants for a winter crop in this way, and “ finds that the plants raised from cuttings are less succulent, and therefore do not so readily damp off, or suffer from the low temperature, to which they are liable to be exposed in severe weather ; that they come into bearing immediately as they have formed roots of sufficient strength to support their fruit, and do not run so much to barren vine as seedlings are apt to do.” He takes the cuttings from the tops of the bearing shoots, and plants them in pots 9 inches deep, half filled with mould. He then waters them, covers the tops of the pots with flat pieces of glass, and plunges them into a gentle bottom heat. “ The sides of the pot act as a sufficient shade for the cuttings during the time they are striking, and the flat glass, in this and in similar operations, answers all the purposes of bell-glasses. The cuttings form roots, and are ready to pot off in a fortnight. Temperature of the seed-bed. — Abercrombie says, “ The mi- nimum heat for the cucumber is 58° at the coldest time of night, in the day-time 6.5° is sufficient for the maximum ; because air admitted, when the sun has great influence, will do more good VOL. III. than a higher heat. M'Phail says, “ If it were possible to keep the heat in the frames always to 80°, with the concurrence of proper air and moisture, 1 am of opinion that that would be a sufficient heat for the production of the cucumber.” Nicol keeps the air in the bed to about 65° in the night, allowing a few degrees of a rise in sunshine. Aiton rears and fruits his plants in a stove. Miller says, “ The heat I wish to have in the seed-frame is from 65° to 75°.” Treatment of the plants until removed to the fruiting-bed. — After sowing, Abercrombie “ continues the glasses on the frame, giving occasional vent above for the steam to evaporate, that the bed may keep a moderate heat, and not become too violent. The plants will be up in a few days, when it will be proper to admit air daily, but more guardedly, at the upper end of the light, which may be raised from half an inch to an inch or two, according to the temperature of the weather, that the plants may not draw up weak, or be injured by the steam. In frosty weather hang part of a mat over the aperture. When the plants are a little advanced, with the seed-leaves about half an inch broad, take them up, and prick some in small pots of light earth, previously warmed by the bed. Put 3 plants in each pot, and insert them a little slopingly, quite to the seed-leaves. Plunge the pots into the earth, and you may prick some plants also into the earth of the bed. Give a very little water just to the roots ; the water should be previously warmed to the temperature of the bed. Draw on the glasses; but admit air daily to promote the growth of the plants, as well as to give vent to the steam rising in the bed, by tilting the lights behind, from half an inch to an inch or two high, in proportion to the heat of the bed and temperature of the weather. Cover the glasses every night with garden-mats, and remove them timely in the morning. Give twice a-week, once in two days, or daily, according to the season, a very light watering; keep up a moderate lively heat in the bed by requisite linings of hot dung to the sides.” M‘Phail, having sown, and placed the pots on the naked bed, says, “ the plants will come up in a few days, and when they have fully expanded their seed-leaves, transplant them into small pots, 3 plants in each pot. Set them on the surface of the dung in the bed, and let a little air be left at the light day and night, to let the steam pass off freely.” — “ When the seedling plants have one or two joints, stop them, after which they generally put forth 2 shoots, each of which let run till they have made 1 or 2 clear joints, and then stop them, and afterwards continue throughout the season to stop the plants at every joint.” Nicol directs to guard the seed from mice, which generally swarm about hot-beds, by laying a pane of glass over the pot or pan till they come up ; and afterwards at night by covering with a pot of equal size, till the seed-leaves have expanded and the husks have dropped ; for until then the plants are liable to be destroyed. The cover, however, should always be removed by sun- rise, and be replaced in the evening. It is at night these vermin generally commit their depredations. No air need be admitted till the heat begins to rise, and steam begins to appear ; but after that the lights should be tilted a little every day, in whatever state the weather may be, until the plants break ground. Air must then be admitted with more care, and if frosty or very chill, the end of a mat should be hung over the opening, that the air may sift through it, and not immediately strike the plants. A little aired water may be given once a day, from the time the seeds begin to chip ; and if a very strong heat rise, the pots should be raised a little to prevent the roots from being injured. They should be frequently examined on this account, and if the heat be violent, should be set loosely on the sand, or be placed en- tirely on the surface. The air of the bed should be kept to about 65° in the night, allowing a few degrees of a rise in the sunshine. If the weather be severe, the mats must be doubled D 18 CUCURBITACEjE. IV. Cucumis. or tripled, and if mild perhaps a single one will suffice. But unless in very bad weather they should always be removed by sunrise, in order to admit all the sun and light possible to the plants, which are very essential to their welfare. When the plants are about an inch and a half high, they are then fit to be pricked out into nursing pots. These pots should be about ?>\ or 4 inches in diameter at top, and as much in depth. The mould to be used should be the same as that in which the seeds are sown, and should be laid in the frame a few hours previous to potting, in order to bring it to a proper degree of warmth, that the tender fibres be not chilled by it. Let the pots be filled about one half with the earth, turn the plants carefully out of the seed-pot ; place three in each, against the side of the pot, and so as their leaves may be just above its margin ; then cover the roots with the mould, rubbing it fine between the fingers, and filling the pots nearly to the brim. Work over the sand in the frame to its full depth, plunge the pots to within an inch of their rims, and cover the whole surface with a little dry earth as at first, making it level with the tops of the pots. Then give a little aired water, in order to settle the earth to the roots of the plants. The plants will now require due attention. Let air be admitted to them as freely as the state of the weather will allow, and supply them moderately with water once in 2 or 3 days. Exa- mine the pots frequently, if the heat be violent, lest the roots be scorched, setting them loosely or pulling them up in that case, or if thought necessary, placing them entirely on the sur- face. If much steam abound in the bed at this time, it may be proper to leave the light tilted half an inch in the night, ob- serving to hang the lap of a single mat 2 or 3 inches over the tilt. But if the bed was carefully turfed over, as directed at making up, this will seldom be necessary, never but in thick hazy weather. Mat up carefully at night, but make a point to admit all the sun and light possible to the plants ; therefore, uncover always by sun-rise ; and frequently wash and wipe the glasses clean, outside and inside, as they are often clogged by a mixture of steam and dust. Also, occasionally stir the surface of the sand or earth in the frame with the point of a stick, in order to extirpate vapour, that hovers on the surface, and so purify the internal air of the bed. If the heat begin to decrease, and particularly if the weather be severe, it may be necessary to line one or more sides of the bed, that the plants may receive no check in their growth. If it be a 1 -light box, both back and front may be lined at the same time, and, if necessary, in 10 or 12 days, the two sides; and if much steam arise from the linings after they come into heat, be careful in matting at night, to tuck up the edges of the mat, lest it be thrown into the bed.” Mills, as soon as the seed-leaves of the plants are fully ex- panded, transplants them singly into pots of 48th size, gives a little water and air night and day. His temperature for seed- lings, as already stated, is from G5° to 75°. With this heat and water, as the earth in the pots becomes dry, and a little air night and day, so as to keep the internal air in the frame sweet, and fluctuating between the degrees of heat above mentioned, the plants will be fit for finally transplanting out in a month, that is, by the 14th of November, into the fruiting-frames. Forming the fruiting bed. — Abercrombie directs, “ When the plants are advanced in some tolerable stocky growth, that is, when the first rough leaves are 2 or 3 inches broad, or when the plants have been raised about five weeks, transplant them to the larger hot-bed, with a 2-light or 3-light frame, sometimes called the ridging-out-bed.” Form the bed on general prin- ciples, of superficial extent, according to the frame it is to sup- port, leaving from 4 to 6 inches all round, and fixing the height according to the season. Thus in January, Abercrombie directs “ the bed to be 3 feet 9 inches high in front, 4 feet 6 inches at the back, and 6 inches larger than the frame all round. In February, 3 feet 3 inches high at the front, 4 feet at the back, and 4 inches to spare round the frame. In March, 3 feet high in front, 3 feet 6 inches at back, and 4 inches beyond the frame every way.” “ Put on the frame and glasses presently after the body of the dung is built up, to defend it from the weather. At the same time raise the glasses a little at the upper end, in order both to draw up the heat sooner, and to give vent to the rising steam, until the bed is reduced to a regular temperature. In connec- tion with the thermometer, the cultivator may be assisted to form a judgment of this by trying sticks, that is, 2 or more sharp- pointed smooth sticks, thrust down in different parts of the bed, which at intervals may be drawn up, and felt by a quick grasp of the hand. The smell of the vapour is also a criterion ; it should not be strong and fetid, but mild and sweet. While taking care that the heat is not so intense as to burn the mould when applied as below, let it not be suffered to evaporate un- necessarily by delay. If the temperature appear to be not suffi- ciently high, take oft' the frame, and add another course of dung.” M'Phail, when he fruits the cucumber on dung beds, begins to make preparation for the fruiting-bed, about 3 weeks before the plants are ready to be planted for good. The dung collected, after being well worked, is “ made up into a bed of about 4 or 5 feet high, and the frames and lights set upon it. It is after- wards suffered to stand for a few days to settle, and until its violent heat be somewhat abated ; and when it is thought to be in a fit state for the plants to grow in, its surface is made level, and a hill of mould laid in just under the middle of each light, and when the mould gets warm the plants are ridged out in it. After this, if the bed has become perfectly sweet, and there be heat enough in it, and the weather prove fine, the plants will grow freely.” Nicol builds his fruiting-bed about 4 feet high in front, keeping it fully a foot broader than the frame all round. He turfs it, and lays on sand as in forming the seed-bed, if the dung has not been well fermented. “ But otherwise, placing a thick round turf, a yard over, in the middle of each light, so as that its centre may be exactly under the plants, will generally be found sufficiently safe.” The frames are now put on, and the beds matted up at night to make the heat rise the sooner. Mills says, “ Well preparing the dung is of the greatest im- portance in forcing the cucumber, and if not done before it is made into a bed, it cannot be done after, as it requires turning and watering to cause it to ferment freely and sweetly ; fresh dung from the stable will require at least 6 weeks’ preparation before it will be fit to receive the plants. A month before it is made up into a bed, it should be laid up into a heap, turned three times and well shaken to pieces with a tfork ; and the outsides of the heap turned into the middle and the middle to the outsides, that the whole may have a regular fermentation, and if any ap- pear dry, it should be made wet, keeping always between the two extremes of wet and dry. A dry spot of ground should be chosen to prepare the dung on, that the water may drain away from the bottom of the heap. The dung having been a month in heap, I make the bed as follows : I form a stratum one foot high of wood of any kind, but if larger the better (old roots of trees or any other of little value will do). This is to drain the water from the bottom of the bed, for after a month’s prepara- tion, with every care, it will frequently heat itself dry, and re- quire water in large quantities, which, if not allowed to pass off’ freely, will cause an unwholesome steam to rise, in which the cucumber plant will not grow freely. On this bottom of wood, 1 make the bed 4 feet high with dung, gently beating it down with a fork. This is done about the 1st of November, and by the month of February the 4 feet of dung will not be more than 2 feet thick, which, with a foot of wood, at the bottom, will make the bed 3 feet high. This I consider a good height; for if lower, it cannot be so well heated by linings, which is the CUCURBITACE^E. IV. Cucumis. 19 only method of warming it in the months of February and March, as by that time the first heat of the bed will have quite declined. Having made the bed, I put on the frames and lights, which I shut close till the heat rises. I then give air night and day, sufficient to allow the steam to pass off, and once in 2 days I fork the surface over, about 9 inches deep, to sweeten it, and if in the operation I find any part dry, I carefully wet it. The bed being quite sweet, I prepare it for the mould, by making the middle about 8 inches lower than the sides, as the sides are liable from the weight of the frames to settle farther than the middle, which often causes the hills of earth to crack, by which the roots of the plants are greatly injured.” — Mills ex Loud, encycl. gard. p. 632. Moulding . — “ As soon,” Abercrombie observes, “ as you deem the bed to have a lively, safe, well-tempered heat, which may be in a week or 10 days after building, proceed to mould it. Earth the middle of each light, laying the mould so as to form a little hill from 6 to 10 inches in height, according as seed is to be sown, or plants from the seed-bed inserted. Then earth over the intervals between the hills, and the sides of the frame only, from 2 to 4 inches, as a temporary measure, until the heat is ascertained to be within safe limits. After the whole bed has been for some time covered, examine the mould ; if no traces of a burning effect appear discoverable by the mould turning of a whitish colour, and caking, it will be fit to receive the plants. But if the earth appears burnt, such part should be replaced by fresh, and vacuities made to give vent to the steam, by drawing every part of the hills from the centre. When the bed is in fit order, level the mould to 6 inches deep to receive the seeds ; but to receive plants in pots the hills of earth should be kept 10 inches deep or more. If there be any motive for haste, while an excess of heat is to be suspected, the danger from burning may be obviated by leaving vacancies in the top of the mould ; by placing patches of fresh cow-dung or decayed bark to receive the pots of seeds or plants ; and by boring holes in the bed with a round pole, sharpened at the end, which holes should be filled up with hay or dung when the heat is sufficiently reduced. Some persons place a iayer of turf with the sward downwards be- tween the dung and the mould ; but this, if ever expedient, is only in late forcing ; for in winter the full effect of a sweet well- tempered heat is wanted, much of which, by being confined at the top, may be forced out at the sides.” M‘Phail, in moulding common hot-beds, also raises hills in the centre of each light in the usual way. Gard. rem. p. 51. Nicol gathers up from the surface of the beds a sufficient quantity of earth to raise hills whereon to plant ; one exactly in the middle of each light, about a foot broad at top, and to within 6 inches of the glass. If the frames be a proper depth, they should be 12 or 15 inches high above the turf. Kal. p. 365. Mills puts under the centre of each light one solid foot of earth, the top of which is hardly within 9 inches of the glass, and the top of the plants when planted in it will be within 3 inches of the glass. Planting out. — Abercrombie, when the temperature is ascer- tained to be right, brings the plants in their pots ; turns over the hills of mould, forming them again properly, and then proceeds to planting. “ Turn those in pots clean out, one pot at a time, with the ball of earth whole about the roots, and thus insert one patch of three plants which have grown together, with the ball of earth entire, into the middle of each hill, earthing them neatly round the stems. Also any not in pots, having been pricked into the earth of the bed if required for planting, may be taken up with a small ball of earth, and planted similarly. With water warmed to the air of the bed, give a very light watering about the roots, and shut down the glasses for the present, or till next morning. Shade the plants a little from the mid-day sun a few days till they have taken root in the hills, and cover the glasses every evening with large mats.” Nicol, before planting, if the beds have settled anywise unequally, rectifies and sets level the frames, by placing boards, slates, or bricks under the low cor- ners, so as to make them correct. He then makes up the out- sides of the bed with dung a few inches higher than the bottoms of the frame, over which he lays some dry litter or fern fronds, and planks at top to walk on. He then takes the pots of plants, each of which are supposed to have got two or three rough leaves, and making a hole in each hill, full large enough to re- ceive the balls, turns them out of the pots as entire as possible, placing them level with the surface of the hill, fitting the earth round their sides, and settling all with a little water. In the case of planting older plants than the above, at a farther advanced period of the season, or such as have quite filled the pots with their roots, the balls may be reduced a little, and the fibres should be singled out, if anywise matted. But the above plants are supposed to have barely filled the pots with roots, and then the balls should be kept entire, that they may not receive a check in transplanting. Temperature for fruiting plants. — Abercrombie’s minimum is 55°, and maximum in the day time 65°, the same as for the seed- bed. M'Phail says, “ It appears that during the winter and spring months the medium heat of the air in the frames should be 75°, and the maximum heat 80°. But when the sun shines the heat of the air in the frames is increased to a much higher de- gree ; so that reckoning this heat, the medium for that of the air in the frames may be 80°. ” Gard. rememb. p. 59. Nicol’s medium heat for cucumbers is 60° ; in sunshine he admits as much air as will keep clown the thermometer to 65°. Kal. p. 366. Mills, in the fruiting frames, wishes “ to have at all times from 70 to 80 degrees of heat, which I regularly keep up by applying linings of hot dung, prepared one month previously, in the same manner as that for the beds. For the first month I cover the glass with a single mat only ; and as the nights become cold, I increase the covering, using hay, which I put on the glass, and cover that with a single mat. I regulate the heat at night by the warmth of the glass under the hay, for when the glass is warm, which should be in two hours after covering up, a little air is required. When the glass and hay covering are warm, which is easily known by putting the hand under the hay on the glass light, the internal heat of the bed will be about 78 degrees, in which degree of heat the cucumbers have grown in length in 1 6 hours one inch and a quarter. I give a little water round the insides of the frames, as often as I find them dry, which causes a fine steam to rise, and I think it better than watering the mould, for if this latter practice is often repeated in winter, when the sun’s power is insufficient to absorb the moisture, and the glasses can be but little open to allow the damp to pass off, the earth in a few weeks will lose its vigour, and the roots of the plants will perish. Great care should also be taken, at this season, not to injure the roots by too much heat, which is not less detrimental than too much moisture : they can only be secured by keeping up a regular warmth, just sufficient to expel the damp, which arises in the night from the fermenting dung.” Linings. — The requisite degree of heat, Abercrombie is care- ful to support in the bed when declining, “ by timely linings of hot fresh dung, which may be applied to the sides 15 or 18 inches in width, and as high as the dung of the bed. Generally line the back part first, and the other in a week, or from 10 days to a fortnight after, as may seem necessary by the degree of heat in the bed. Sometimes if the heat has fallen abruptly below the minimum degree, it may be proper to line both sides moderately, at once to recover the temperature sooner, and with better effect ; but be particularly careful never to over line, which would cause a too violently renewed heat, and steam in the bed. The dung for linings must be fermented, as in first d 2 20 C UCURBIT ACEiE. IV. Cucumis. building a bed.” When the heat decreases, Nicol cuts away the old dung perpendicularly by the frame, and adds new linings, (generally beginning with the back first,) 2 feet broad to the height of G inches about the bottom of the bed frame. As it will sink considerably in heating, he adds to it in a few days. Mills applies linings of hot dung prepared a month previously. Covering. — This must be nightly performed till June, pro- portioning the warmth of the cover to the heat of the air in the bed, and that of the external air. Mats are laid next the glass; on these a layer of hay, and over these mats, made fast by boards, but not hanging over the linings, is the usual mode, early in the season. M'Phail says, “ My method of covering up was as follows : in the first place I laid clean single mats on the light in length and breadth, just or nearly to cover the sashes, taking care not to suffer any part of the mats to hang over the sashes, on or above the linings, for that would be the means of draw- ing the steam into the frames in the night time. On these mats was spread equally a covering of soft hay, and on the hay was laid another covering of single mats, upon which were laid two, or sometimes three or four rows of boards, to prevent the covering from being blown off by the wind. The mats laid on next to the glass are merely to keep the seeds and dust, which may hap- pen to be in the hay, from getting into the frames among the plants. If the bed be high, in covering up steps or short lad- ders must be used by those whose office it is to cover and un- cover; and great care must be taken not to break or injure the glass.” Air. — Abercrombie directs to “admit air every day when the weather is moderate, without much wind ; and always more freely on sunny days, than when cloudy or cold and frosty. Open the lights behind, only a little at first, sooner or later in the day, according to the temperature of the season ; increasing the opening from about half an inch to 1, 2, or 3 inches, or very little more (decrease the opening occasionally, if the weather in the early part of the season changes very cold) ; and shut close in the same gradual order towards afternoon, generally shutting close in the evening, unless in the early state of the bed, a considerable heat and steam continues. In this case you may occasionally leave open about half an inch, hanging the end of the mat before each opening.” M'Phail says, “ A cucumber plant delights in a strong heat, and in sweet wholesome air ; but if the air in which it grows be contaminated, unhealthy, or im- pure, the plant will not continue long in a healthy flourishing condition. Whatever is disagreeable to the smell becomes in time hurtful to the cucumber plant ; therefore whoever would wish to know if the air in a cucumber frame be in a healthy nature for the plants, should smell to it.” He adds, in giving and taking away the air, do it gradually, that is, by little and little at a time, which without doubt is the best way : for sudden changes are always attended with unpleasant consequences. A due proportion and continual supply of fresh air is at all times necessary, and more or less is required according to the heat of the linings, the temperature of the weather, and the thickness of the coverings put on at nights. Gard. rememb. p. 42. Nicol admits air regularly in as large portions as the state of the weather will allow, being careful to let off rank steam, if it abound, by leaving a tilt, even in the night. Mills says, “ My usual time of giving fresh air to the frames, and permitting the foul to escape, in the winter months, (that is, from the middle of November to the middle of February,) is as follows : between 8 and 9 in the morning I raise the lights, and let the confined air pass off, shutting them again ; about 10 I give a little air ; at 11 more ; at one I lower the lights a little, and between 3 and 4 I close them entirely. About two hours after the covering of hay has been put on, I give a little air for the night. Should the weather be changeable, the lights must be raised or lowered more or less, as circumstances may require ; but some air about the times of the day above mentioned is absolutely necessary to keep the plants in a free growing state.” ft ater. — “ Give necessary waterings with water warmed to the air of the bed, mostly in the forenoon of a mild day, in early forcing ; and in the morning or afternoon in the advanced season of hot sunny weather.” — Abercrombie. M‘Phail says, “ The quantity of water requisite to be given to the plants depends upon the heat of the bed, the strength and age of the plants, and also on the temperature of the weather. When the weather is cold, wet, and gloomy, and the air moist, they require less water than when the weather is clear, and the air more dry. If too much water be given, or if water be given too often, it will hin- der the fruit from setting and swelling kindly ; and if too little water be given, the plants will grow weak, and the fruit hollow. I seldom watered the plants with water warmer than 85°, nor colder than 65° ; although in general I tried by the thermometer the w'armth of the water I used, yet it is not necessary so to do. A good way to know if the water be of a proper temperature is to take a mouthful of it, and when it feels neither hot nor cold, then it is in a fit state for accelerating the growth of the plants, or for making them grow fast. I made a constant rule never to water the plants but with clean sweet water ; and if the water be clean and sweet, I am of opinion it makes little or no difference whether it be pump water, spring water, rain water, or river water. However, it is a good quality in water to bear soap, and make a lather therewith, which rain and river water readily do; but the pump and spring waters are found too hard to do it, yet this may easily be remedied in them, by letting them stand a few days in the open air, and sun’s rays. With regard to the time of the day in which the watering ought to be performed, I think it is not material, nor did I ever make any rule with re- spect to the time, but gave them water at any hour of the day, when I saw they stood in need of it, and when it best suited my conveniency. Those who have hot-houses may get their water warmed there, and those who have no hot-houses may get some from the house, or from some other place where water is fre- quently heated. One gallon of hot water will properly water several gallons of cold water.” Tate says “ in spring and in the summer months the water may be warmed by exposure to the rays of the sun.” Nicol airs his water “ by some means or other ;” waters once in two or three days after planting, and liberally from the rose of the watering pot as the plants advance. The time chosen is the afternoon about 4 or 5 o’clock, in order not to scorch the plants, which, he says, often happens, when, after morning waterings, the sun’s rays suddenly dart on the plants. Kal. p. 36 6 — 385. J. Mearns, already mentioned, uses water impregnated with sheep’s dung, as does Mr. Knight. Mearns tried this water first “ on some cucumber plants in the pine stove, which had been planted in January, but which in conse- quence of dull weather had become weak, and of a pale green colour ; he applied the liquor to the roots, and in a few days a great change in the appearance of the plants was produced ; the foliage assumed a hardy green, the shoots acquired an unusual degree of strength, with short joints, and although the stove had scarcely any air given to it, yet the fruit swelled rapidly, and attained a large size.” These plants continued in bearing till May, and were then cut back to within 6 inches of the root, when they started again with vigour. “ No water was ever given over the leaves, but a continued supply of the liquid pigeon-dung manure to the roots.” Mearn. ex Loud. ency. Gard. p. 635. For Mills’s practice as to watering see his pro- cess under temperature. Earthing. — “ Observe,” says Abercrombie, “ in proper time when the first heat of the bed is moderate, to begin adding more earth between the hills, as the extending roots require to be CUCURBIT ACEyE. IV. Cucumis. 21 covered, or the runners to be supported with mould; raising it by degrees equal with the tops of the hills, all in level order from 8 to 10 inches thick.” Pract. Gard. p. 72. Nicol, “ by the time the plants have sent out runners, and the roots spread quite over the hills, enlarges them ; beginning by stirring up the earth in the other parts of the frame to its full depth with a hand-fork or weeding-iron, breaking it fine if anywise caked by the heat. To this add fresh mould, sifted or finely broken, and in a dry state, so as to raise the surface nearly to the level of the hills ; laying it in a sloping manner from back to front. Previously he rectifies the position and level of the frames, and raises them so that the glass may be eight or nine inches above the mould in the centre.” Kal. p. 367. Training. — To force the cucumber into early fruit, Aber- crombie directs to “ stop the runners as soon as the plants have made two rough leaves ; as the bud that produces the runner is disclosed at the base of the second rough leaf, it may be cut off or picked out, or if the runner has already started it may be pinched off close. This is called stopping at the first joint, and is necessary for a stronger stocky growth, and an emission of fruitful laterals ; and from these other prolific runners will be successively produced. The vines, without the process of stop- ping, would generally be both weaker, and so deficient of fertile runners, that they would sometimes extend 2 or 3 feet without showing fruit. When plants which have been once stopped have extended the first runners to three joints without showing fruit, they are to be again stopped for the purpose of strengthen- ing the plant, and disposing it for bearing. As fertile runners extend, train them out regularly along the surface, fastening them down neatly with pegs.” M'Phail stops his plants when they have two joints ; and “ when the plants shoot forth again after the second stopping, they seldom miss to show fruit at every joint, and also a tendril ; and between the tendril and the showing fruit, may clearly be seen the rudiment of another shoot, and when the leading shoot has extended itself fairly past the showing fruit ; so that in pinching off the tendril and the shoot, the showing fruit is not injured. This stopping the leading shoot stops the juices of the plant, and is the means of enabling the next shoot (the rudiment of which. was apparent when the leading shoot was stopped,) to push vigorously, and the fi uit thereby also receives benefit. When the plants are come into bearing, if the vines are suffered to make two joints before they are stopped, at the first of these joints, as I before said, will be seen showing fruit, a tendril, and the rudiment of a shoot ; but at the second joint there is seldom to be seen either showing fruit or the rudiment of a shoot ; but only a tendril, and the rudiments of male blossoms. It is therefore evident, and but reasonable, that the shoot should be stopped at the first of these joints ; for were the shoot to be let run past the first joint, and stopped before the second, perhaps no shoot would ever spring forth at the said second joint, but only a cluster of male blos- soms or leaves, which would serve for no good purpose, but would rather exhaust the juices of the plant, which ought to be thrown into the productive parts of it. If the plants are suf- fered to bear too many fruit, that will weaken them, and in such case some of the shoots will lose their leaders, that is, the rudi- ments of some of the shoots will not break forth, the numbers of fruit having deprived them of their proper share of the vegeta- tive juices. The rudiments of some of the shoots may also be injured by accident, which sometimes prevents their pushing ; but from whatever cause this happens it matters not, for by the losing of its leader the shoot is rendered unfruitful, and therefore should be cut entirely off. In the course of the spring and summer months, several shoots break forth here and there from the old ones. When too many break out, cut off the weakest of them close to the old shoots, dnd those which remain, with re- gard to stopping, serve nearly in the same manner as young plants. If the old shoot from which the new one bursts forth lie close to the moulds, it sometimes sends forth roots from the same joint from which the young shoot proceeded, by which the young shoot is much invigorated, and the old plant in some measure renovated. When this young plant is fairly formed on the old shoot, it somewhat resembles a young plant formed and struck root on a strawberry runner ; and if the shoot were to be cut off on each side of the newly formed plant, and no part of the plant left in the frame but itself, by proper treatment it would soon extend -itself all over the frame. In winter, when the plants are young, and before they come into bearing, it some- times happens that they send forth too many shoots ; in that case, cut the weakest of them off, not suffering them to become crowded and thick of vines, for that would weaken, and prevent the plants from bearing so early as they ought to do. Keep the leaves of the plants always regularly thin. The oldest and worst of them cut off first, and cut off close to the shoot on which they grow. This is necessary and right, for if any part of the stalk of the leaf were to be left, it would soon putrify and rot, and perhaps destroy by damp the main branch from which it proceeded.” Nicol. “ Cucumber plants will put out runners or vines, whether the heart-buds be picked out or not, which is a matter of trivial concern, although much insisted on by some, as being necessary to their doing so at all. For my own part I never could discover any difference, and I have repeatedly made the comparison in the same bed, which otherwise of course could not be fair. When the vines have grown to the length of 4 or 5 joints, and if fruit appear on them, they may be stopped at one joint above the fruit ; but otherwise, they may be allowed to run the length of 7 or 8 joints, and may then be stopped, which will generally cause them to push fertile shoots. These should be regularly spread out, and be trained at the distance of 8 or 10 inches apart.” Pruning and training cucumber plants. — W. P. Vaughan, (Gard. mag. 7. p. 462.) considers the productiveness of cucum- ber plants as depending principally on pruning, and the age of the seed ; his system of management is therefore as follows. As he saves a few seeds annually he has always some three years old ; these he sows in shallow pans in a dung heat not under 70°, and by the time the plants have spread their seminal leaves, he has soil and 32-sized pots ready dried in the frames, and plants them so as they will just reach over the rim of the pot when planted 3 or 4 in each pot, making them form a triangle or square ; he then fills the pots to within half an inch of the top, waters them, and keeps them in a brisk heat of from 65° to 75°. And as soon as they have spread their first rough leaves, he picks out the leading bud from each plant close to the second leaf, and in a few days afterwards each plant will put forth two shoots, and they are ready for plunging in the hills without breaking the balls of earth, that is, one potful in each hill. When the lateral shoots have made two joints, they must be stopped at the second as before, and pegged down with a piece of straight stick, 6 inches long, broken half through in two places, so as to form a square. Each shoot will now produce two more, which never fail to show fruit at the first joint, and must be stopped at the second, which operation must be done to all as they make two joints. Picking off the male blossoms and setting the fruit, as they open, should be done in the morning just before the sun comes strong on the frames, until the weather will admit of the lights being open a great part of the day ; watering should also be performed at the same time, shutting the frame close for a few minutes after. Cuttings taken from the tops of the shoots about 4 inches long, and planted in a pot deep enough to admit a flat pane of glass on the top, will strike freely, and these plants so produced will come into bearing CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cdcumis. 22 sooner than those raised from seeds, but they are not of so long duration. Upright training. — “ Cucumber plants being climbers by means of their tendrils, some branchy sticks being placed to any advancing runners, they will ascend and produce fruit at a dis- tance from the ground, in a clean growth, free from spots, and well flavoured.” Setting the fruit. — “ The cucumber,” Abercrombie observes, “ bears male and female blossoms distinctly on the same plant. The latter only produce the fruit, which appears first in minia- ture, close under the base, even before the flower expands. There is never any in the males ; but these are placed in the vicinity of the female blossoms : the fruit of which will not otherwise swell to its full size, and the seeds will be abortive. The early plants under glass, not having the full current of the natural air, nor the assistance of bees and other winged insects, to convey the farina, the artificial aid of the cultivator is neces- sary to effect the impregnation. At the time of fructification watcli the plants daily ; and as soon as a female flower, and some male blossoms are sufficiently expanded, proceed to set the fruit the same day, or next morning at farthest. Take off the male blossom, detaching it with part of the foot-stalk. Hold this between the finger and the thumb ; pull away the flower leaf close to the stamens and anthers, which apply close to the stigma of the female flower, twisting it a little about, to discharge thereon some particles of pollen or fertilizing powder. Proceed thus to set every fruit, as the flowers of both sexes open, while of a lively full expansion, and generally perform it in the early part of the day, using a fresh male if possible for each impreg- nation, as the males are usually more abundant than the female blossoms. In consequence the young fruit will soon be ob- served to swell freely. Cucumbers attain the proper size for gathering in about 15, 18, or 20 days from the time of setting, and often in succession for 2 or 3 months or more in the same bed by good culture. The above artificial operation will be found both necessary and effectual in forcing the cucumber, between the decline of autumn and May, while the plants are mostly shut under glass. In plants more fully exposed to the free air, in the increasing warmth of spring, and in having the full open air in summer, from June and July till September, the impregnation is effected mostly or wholly by nature. The male flowers being by some ignorantly denominated false blossoms, are often plucked entirely off as useless, under the notion of strengthening the plant ; but this should not be generally done. Where crowded too thick in clusters, some may be thinned out moderately; but their agency being absolutely necessary in fer- tilizing the females, they should only be displaced as they begin to decay, except where they are superabundant.” — “ It is the female blossoms of flowers,” M'Phail observes, “ that bear the fruit ; but if they were not to be impregnated by the male flowers they would prove barren and unfruitful. The female blossoms are easily to be distinguished from the male ones, for the rudiment of the fruit is apparent at the bottom of the female flower, and the flowers have no stamina, but have three small pointed filaments, without summits ; whereas the male blossoms have not any rudiment of fruit about them, but in the centre of the flower are three short stamina, which are inserted in the corolla. When the female or fruit blossoms are in full blow, take the male blossom which is in full blow, and holding it in one hand, with the other split and tear off the corolla, taking care not to part the stamina or male parts. Then hold the male blossom thus prepared between the finger and thumb of the right hand, and with the left hand gently lay hold of the female blossom, and holding it between the two fingers, put the pre- pared male blossom into the centre of the female blossom, and there the farina or pollen of the anthers clings or sticks to the 8 stigmas, and thus the impregnation of the fruit is effectuated, and the plants are thereby rendered fruitful, which, being in frames in a climate by art made for them, would otherwise in a great degree be rendered barren and unproductive ; and which I have frequently known to have been the case, even when at the same time the plants were in a vigorous flourishing state. Generally leave the prepared part of the male blossom sticking in the centre of the female one, and take a fresh male blosscm to every female blossom. But if the male blossoms run scarce, which seldom or never happens, make one male blossom do for two or three females.” Nicol states, that cucumbers will grow and will arrive at full size without the female flowers being impreg- nated : the seeds, however, will prove abortive. The directions he gives for impregnating are in substance the same as those of M'Phail. The fruit being set and swelling, some lay fragments of glass or slate beneath it in order to keep it clean, and to ad- mit as much air and light as possible to the under side, so as to cause its approach in greenness to the upper. On keeping a fine bloom on cucumbers. — The art of producing and keeping a fine natural bloom on cucumbers, either for a gentleman’s table for show, or for the market, merits great at- tention, both as to the perfect appearance of the fruit, and also to the general culture of the plant, after the fruit is set. From that time a strong bottom heat should be given with dung linings ; or, if late in the spring, short grass laid round the frame on the dung, will cause a very strong heat. Water ought then to be given plentifully, always at the back part of the frame ; and at no time should the plants be watered over their leaves, when the fruit is wanted for its fine delicate bloom and long regular shape. A fine foliage over all the bed is likewise a very essen- tial point ; and leaves should never be picked off near the fruit, as it thereby deranges the juices of the plant, and consequently the fruit does not swell off finely. Air also should be given very sparingly in the middle of the day, even in bright sunshine, and generally there should be a little left in the night, when the bottom heat is very strong, as by that means the air in the frame is kept sweet. When the fruit is fit to eat, for any of the above purposes, great care should be taken to pack it in narrow' wooden boxes, in the largest nettle-leaves that can be got, filling up the interstices with well-beaten moss, and covering over with soft leaves of any kind. It may then be sent to a great distance with a fine bloom, and, upon the whole, in a perfect state. — Geo. Fulton, ex Loud. gard. mag. 6. p. 709. Gathering the crop. — Cucumbers are used green and unripe, and before they have attained their full size. They are cut and gathered when 4, 5, G, or 8 inches long, according to the kinds. To this size they attain in 10 days or a fortnight in the best part of the season. To save seed. — “ Select some best summer fruit, from good productive plants, which permit to continue in full growth till they become yellow. Then cut them from the vine, and place them upright on end in the full sun for 2 or 3 weeks, when they may be cut open, and the seed being washed out from the pulp, spread it to dry and harden ; then put it up in papers and bags for future sowung. It will remain good many years ; and seed of 3 or 4 years’ keeping is preferable for early frame crops.” On forcing cucumbers.- — In growing cucumbers under lights, “ the most obvious defects,” according to Mr. Allen, “ are com- post of too light a quality,” and “ dung not sufficiently worked before it is earthed over.” Mr. Allen has been in the habit of growing early cucumbers under frames, on common dung-beds, for twenty years, always producing abundance of fruit from March till October. In 1823 he W'orked 70 lights for the London market, the produce of which w'as 3360 cucumbers, or 4 dozen to a light, “ a greater product than is usually obtained CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis. 2 3 by any of the ordinary methods of treatment.” The beds are made in December or January, the hot horse-dung having been previously turned and watered 5 or 6 times. Before earthing it, round flat mats, about 15 inches in diameter, formed by coil- ing up a band of straw, 1 inch in diameter, and 10 feet long, are to be prepared and placed on the dung, under the centre of each light. Rye straw is preferred for these mats, as it does not encourage mice. A bushel of compost, consisting of loam and rotten dung, is placed on each mat, and 1 plant in prefer- ence to more, on the top of each hillock ; the top of the plant should be left about 3 inches from the glass ; the mould should then be dressed up round the hillock, and be pressed close to the roots, and within 1 inch of the seed-leaves of the plant ; these, at no time of earthing, should be covered, for this is very apt to cause canker. The earth should be kept within the bounds of the straw mat, and not be suffered to mix with the dung, as that would cause a burning, which is not only trou- blesome, but in many instances fatal to the prosperity of the plant ; because if the earth is once burnt, its vegetative quality is destroyed, and water will have no effect on it. The only remedy in such a case is to remove the mould, fork up and water the dung, lay on a little rye straw, and replace the earth. After ridging out, from one quarter to one inch of air is given in the day, and about one quarter during the night. The cover- ing must be very slight for the first 3 or 4 weeks, and must not hang over the sides. “ The heat must be kept up by aug- menting the linings once a-week, turning over and watering them when they heat so as to become dry. The bed inside the frame will require forking up about 9 inches deep, 3 times a- week ; the hillocks at the same time should be examined, and a round pointed stick, of about an inch in diameter and 18 inches long, must be thrust about 12 inches in the dung, under the straw mat, making 5 or 6 perforations under each hillock. Into each of the holes so formed, pour from the spout of a watering-pot as much water as the state of the bed seems to re- quire ; this may be ascertained from the facility with which the perforator goes into the bed. If the bed is husky or burning, the stick will go in with difficulty, and then a large pot of water is required to a hillock ; on the contrary, if the bed is in a free state of working, the perforator will go into it very easily, and then a sprinkling from the rose of the pot will be sufficient.” A great object of Mr. Allen seems to be to sweeten, rot, and moisten the dung under the frame for the roots of the plants, while the heat is principally supplied by the linings. “ The dung,” he says, “ from the continued forking and watering, will become in a fine state to receive the roots of the plants ; these, after passing through the proper depth of compost, placed over the dung, which is about 8 inches, will readily strike into the dung, and bear a productive crop of cucumbers throughout the summer, without their leaves flagging or requiring any shade. For ascertaining the proper periods to make additions to the earth, the best criterion is the appearance of the roots through the sides of the hillock. This should be earthed over about 3 inches, each time forking out the dung 2 inches below the mat, to give a greater depth of earth each time of performing the operation. The last time this is done, the depth of mould at the back of the frame should be 20 inches. It will be necessary to raise the frame and lights as the plants advance in growth.” Water should be given plentifully 3 times a-week, without wet- ting the leaves or fruit, “ pouring it against the back of the frame, for the mould will dry faster against the back than the front, in consequence of the heat being there greater, and the air being admitted there.” “ In pruning, the runners should not be cut or thinned out, the tops only should be pinched, and at every joint, beginning where the plant has 2 rough leaves, and the second rough leaf is about an inch in diameter. That will cause the plant to produce fruit and a fresh runner in succession at every joint ; it will likewise add to the strength of the plant.” Pinch off the tendrils and male blossoms, and fecundate arti- ficially in the early part of the season. The sort of cucumber which Mr. Allen finds most productive is the Southgate, and he prefers seed 3 or 4 years old to new seed — Loud. gard. mag. vol. 1. p. 416, 417. Insects and diseases. — The thrips sometimes attack early cu- cumbers, and are to be destroyed by fumigation. The red spider rarely makes its appearance ; when he does water must have been improperly withheld. Some soils produce canker in the shoots, especially where they branch from the main stem. When this is the case, the only resource is to renew the soil and the plants. Growing the cucumber under hand-glasses. — The following method is given by M‘Phail as that generally practised : “ The seeds are sown some time about the middle of April in a cucum- ber or melon-bed, and when they come up, they are potted out into small pots, 2 or 3 plants in each pot, and are kept properly watered, and stopped at the first and second joints. About the middle of May, a warm situation, where the mould is very rich is pitched on, and a trench is dug out about 2 feet deep, 3 feet broad, and the length is proportioned according to the number of glasses it is intended for. This trench is filled with good warm dung, and when the dung has come to its full heat, it is covered over with 8, 10, or 12 inches’ depth of rich mould. The glasses are then set upon it about 3 feet distant from each other, and when the mould gets warm under them, the plants are turned out of the pots with their balls whole, and plunged into the mould under the glasses, and a little water given them to settle the mould about their roots, the glasses set over them, and after they have made roots, and begin to grow, in fine days the glasses raised a little on one side, to let the plants have the free air ; and as the weather gets warmer and warmer, air is given more plentifully to harden the plants, so that they may be able to bear the open air and run from under the glasses. When the plants begin to fill the glasses, they are trained out horizontally, and the glasses are set upon bricks or such like, to bear them from the plants. After this the plants require nothing more but to be supplied with water when the summer showers are not sufficient, and to stop them when they run too thin of branches, and thin them of leaves or branches when they are likely to become over-crowded. In warm summers and in warm situations, by this mode of management, .the plants will bear plentifully for about 2 months, provided they be not attacked by insects or weakened by diseases.” Abercrombie describes the practice somewhat different, but with his usual detail and order. He says, “To have a general summer crop, to fruit in hot-bed ridges under hand-glasses, sow some seed of the long prickly kind in a hot-bed, under a frame or hand-glass, or in any cucumber hot-bed in cultivation, about the middle of March, or thence till the middle of April. When the plants have been up 3, 4, or 5 days, prick some in the same or another hot-bed, 3 or 4 inches asunder. A portion may be put in small pots, 3 plants in each, and plunged in a bed. Give water, and shade from the sun till they take root; and manage as for the frame crop. In 3 or 4 weeks, when advanced in the first rough leaves, about 2 inches broad, and stopped at the first joint as directed in the early crop, the plants should be ridged out, that is, transplanted into hot-bed ridges, under hand-glasses, to re- main for fruiting. The period for this may fluctuate from the middle of April to the beginning of May. Having a sufficient quantity of prepared dung, make a hot-bed on the level ground, 3^ or 4 feet wide, and 2 ^ feet high, the length as required, ac- cording to the number of hand-glasses intended. Earth it at top 6 or 8 inches thick, and place the hand-glasses along the 24 CUCURBIT A CEiE. IV. Cucumis. middle at 3^ feet distance. Sometimes the bed is made in a moderate trench, 12 or 15 inches deep, in some good soil in the kitchen-garden, in order to have the excavated earth of the trench ready at hand for moulding the bed. When the earth under the glasses is warm, proceed to put in the plants, remov- ing them from the nursery-bed, with as much earth as will adhere about the roots. If you have any plants in small pots, turn them out with the ball entire, and plant 3 plants under each glass. Give a light watering; put down the glasses, and shade the plants from the sun, till they have taken root, after which let them enjoy the sun and light fully, only covering the glasses and bed every night with mats till June, or commencement of warm weather. Admit air every mild day, by propping up the southward side of the glasses 1 or 2 inches ; moderate waterings will be necessary twice a-week or oftener. As the plants push runners of considerable length, train them regularly. When extended to the limits of the glasses, and when the weather is settled warm, about the beginning or middle of June, they should be raised upon 3 props 2 or 3 inches high, and the runners trained out in regular order, but cover them on cold nights with mats, for the first week or two. Continue the glasses, and cir- cumspectly water in dry weather, as may be necessary ; the plants will produce fruit in June, July, August, &c. in plentiful succession. To obtain a crop from hot-bed ridges, under hand- glasses, you may, in default of plants raised in a previous nur- sery-bed for transplanting, sow seed under the glasses in April or May, inserting several seeds in the central part under each glass. When the plants have been up a few days or a week, thin them to 3 or 4 of the strongest in each patch, managing them afterwards as the others. They will come into bearing towards the end of June or July, and thence to September. (Should there be a scarcity of dung to make a regular bed,) in the last week of April, or in May, you may dig circular holes 2 feet wide, a spade deep, and 4 or 5 feet asunder ; fill them with hot dung, trodden down moderately firm, and earthed over 6 inches. In these put either plants or seed, and place on the glasses ; the plants will produce fruit in June or July till Sep- tember. (In default of hand-glasses,) make a hot-bed, or holes of dung, as above, in May ; put in plants or seed, and defend with oiled paper frames, to remain constantly, day and night, till settled warm weather in June or July. Give the additional protection of mats over the paper frame in cold nights and bad weather. In the culture of all the crops, give proper supplies of water in dry warm weather, 2 or 3 times a-week, or every day in the hottest season of June, July, and August. In the hot-bed ridges, made above ground in April or May, if in 3 or 4 weeks or more after making, the heat be much declined, and the nights or general season remain cold, let a moderate lining of hot dung be applied to the sides, which w ill both throw' in a reviving heat, and widen the bed for the roots and runners of the plants to extend.” Cultivation of the cucumber in a Jluedpit. — Nicol says, “ Those who would have cucumbers on the table at Christmas (a thing sometimes attempted), will find it more practicable, and less troublesome, if the plants be growm in a flued pit, in the manner of late melons, than if they be grown in a common hot-bed. In this case the cucumbers should take place of the melons planted in this compartment in July, and which will, by the middle or end of the month, have ripened off all their fruit of any consequence. The seeds of some of the early sorts (those best for early being also best for late) should be sowm in small pots about the first of the month, and should be placed in the pit along with the melons, or under a hand-glass, on a slow dung heat; where let the plants be nursed, and be prepared for plant- ing about the second or third week in the month, as hinted at above. Observe to sow old seeds, not those saved this season, which would run more to vine than to fruit. Let the pit be prepared for their reception, by trenching up the bark or dung, and by adding fresh materials, in so far as to produce a mo- derate growing heat ; observing the directions given for pre- paring the pit for the melons in July, and moulding it (however with proper cucumber earth) all over to the depth of a foot or 14 inches. The plants may be placed closer in planting them out than is necessary in a spring hot-bed. They may be planted at the distance of a yard from each other, and 2 rows lengthwise in the pit, as they w'ill not grow very vigorously at this late season. They should be moderately supplied with water once in 4 or 5 days, and should always be watered over the foliage, the more especially when strong fire-heat becomes necessary, as cucumbers naturally like a moist rather than a dry heat. The temperature should be kept up to about 64° or 65° in the night, by the aid of the flues, and bv matting, or otherwise covering the pit. Air should be as freely admitted as the state of the weather will allow', and so as to keep the mercury down, in sun- shine to about 70°. The plants will require little other pruning than to stop the vines, as they show fruit at the joint or two above it ; for they will not push many superfluous shoots. Ob- serve to pick off all damped leaves as they appear ; and other- wise carefully attend to them, as above directed, while they continue to flourish, or to do any good worthy of such attend- ance.” Cultivation of the cucumber in MlPhail's brick-bed pit. — “ When I used,” observes M‘Phail, “ to cultivate cucumbers on a dung-bed, the fruit were sometimes w atery and ill-tasted ; but after I began to cultivate them on a brick bed, the fruit w'ere constantly firm and well flavoured, which is certainly occasioned by the goodness and wholesomeness of the food with which the plants are fed or nourished.” M‘Phail’s pit has many advantages over a common hot-bed : there is no chance of burning the roots of the plants in it, the linings being placed all on the outside, without any dung underneath the plants. “ All the materials of my newly-invented bed are clean and sweet ; and the flues being made perfectly close, no tainted or bad-smelling air can get through them into the bed ; so that it is of little or no concern whether the dung of the linings be sweet or otherwise, or whe- ther the linings be made of dung or of any thing else, provided there be a sufficient heat kept in them, and no pernicious steam be drawn in among the plants by the current of air.” A shel- tered dry situation is of the first consequence for this pit. The bed being built, “ when the frame is about to be set upon it, a layer of mortar is spread all round upon the upper course of brick-work, on which the bottoms of the frames are to rest. Thus the frames are set in mortar on the bricks ; and the flues are, with a bricklayer’s brush, well washed, and rubbed with a thick grout, made of lime and water, which stops every crack or hole, and prevents the steam of the linings from getting into the frames. This washing of the flues I had done once a-year, for no crack or hole must ever be suffered to remain unstopped in the flues. I found little or no trouble in keeping the flues perfectly close, nor is it indeed likely that they should become troublesome, if the bed stands on a sound foundation, for the heat of the dung has not that powerful effect on the flues, as fire-heat has on the flues of the hot-house ; because the heat of dung is more steady and not so violent as the heat of the fire, and, besides, the flues of a cucumber-bed are almost always in a moist state, which is a preventive in them against cracking or rending. When the bed is first built, the pits are about 3 feet in depth below the surface of the flues. The pits I had filled up about a foot high, some of them with rough chalk, some of them with small stones, and some of them with brick- bats ; this is to let the wet drain off freely from the mould of the beds. After this filling up with chalk, stones, and broken CUCURBITACE^. IV. Cucumis. 25 bricks, there is a vacancy in the pits, about 4 feet deep below the surface of the flues ; this vacancy I had filled to a level with the surface of the flues, with vegetable or leaf mould ; and in putting it in, it was gently pressed, to prevent it from sinking too much afterwards. On the surface of the mould with which the pits were filled, under the middle of each light, and which is just in the centre of the mould in each pit, make hills of mould, in the same form as is commonly done on a dung-bed. These hills are to set the plants in, and are to be raised at first nearly close to or within a few inches of the glass. Raising the mould at first pretty nigh the glass is necessary, on account of the sinking of it ; for as the frames are set on bricks, they cannot sink ; but mould newly put in is sure to settle, and the measure of the settlement will ever depend upon the lightness and texture of the mould with which the pits are filled. There- fore, these and such-like matters must be left to the discretion of those who are intrusted with the direction and management of the frames. When the bed is thus finished, and ready for the reception of the plants, if the flues be strewed over with mould, so that their surface be just covered, to a stranger it is altogether a deception, for in every respect it has the appear- ance of a dung-bed. The sashes of the frames which I used were glazed in lead ; but if any person who rears early cucum- bers have lights which are not glazed in lead, but are slate- glazed, the vacancies between the glass had best be filled up close with putty, to prevent too much air from getting into the frames in the cold days of winter. The frames under my management were constantly kept in good repair, and painted over once every year. This method, I am clearly of opinion, is more profitable than if the frames were neglected for 2 or 3 years, and then have a thorough repair, with 2 or 3 coats of paint. When frames are new painted, they should be suffered to lie and sweeten for some time, at least for 2 or 3 weeks, or until the disagreeable smell of the paint is somewhat lessened. Although the frames I used were of a very good size, yet if they were a little smaller or larger, they would answer the purpose very well. Therefore those who intend to build a bed after my plan, have no occasion to make new frames merely for the purpose, but they may get the bed built to fit the frames they are already in possession of. The linings are to be applied to the bed a few days before the plants are ready for finally planting out, in order that the mould and every thing in the frames may be properly warmed for their reception. The dung, of which the linings are to be made, may either be cast together into a heap, to bring it to a heat before it be laid round the bed, or it may be laid round the bed as it is brought from the dung-yard ; but which- ever of these methods be taken, when the linings are making up, the dung should be well shaken, and laid up lightly, so that the heat of it may come up freely. As it takes some days before the linings are able to warm the earth in the bed suffi- ciently for the reception of the plants, the rank steam of the new dung linings is evaporated, unless the dung came imme- diately from the stables, which seldom is the case. The linings are to be made nearly 3 feet broad in their foundation, and ta- pered up to about 30 inches at the top, by which they will retain their heat long, and in sinking will keep close to the bed, which is what should at all times be paid proper attention to. In the winter and spring months, the linings should be trodden upon as little as possible, for treading on them would be the means of stagnating the heat. But should it at any time, in managing the plants, be found necessary to stand or kneel upon them, boards should be laid on their tops for that purpose ; which will prevent the weight of a person from taking that effect on them which it otherwise would do. As the linings sink they are to be raised with fresh dung, but they should seldom be raised higher than the level of the mould in the frames on which the VOL. III. plants grow, especially when there is a strong heat in them ; for when there is a great heat in them, if they are kept higher than the level of the mould, the heat dries the air in the frames too much. Nor should they be suffered to sink much below the level of the mould in the frames, for that, on the contrary, would cause too much moisture in the frames, especially in the winter and spring months. When the heat begins to be too little, notwithstanding the linings being kept to their proper height, the fresh unexhausted dung underneath should be taken away, and that which was laid aside put in the foundation, and fresh dung laid above it, in lieu of that which was carried away. Both the side linings may be raised at one time, but both of them should never be renewed together ; for if both were to be renewed at the same time, it would for a time cool the frames too much, and when the heat of both came to their full strength, it would probably be too powerful to the roots of the plants when extended to the flues. I seldom or never renew the end linings, because I found the heat of the side ones fully sufficient ; for as there are flues or vacuities in every part of the bed, the steam being fluid, circulates in and warms every part thereof. And for the very same reason there is no occasion for having a strong heat in both the side linings at one and the same time, except in very cold weather. In making up and pulling down the linings, care should be taken not to injure the brick-work. The covering the lights in the w inter and spring is absolutely necessary ; for, notwithstanding the heat of the linings, it would be impossible to keep up a pro- per degree of heat in the frames for the plants without covering. Therefore, the covering up in the evenings and uncovering in the mornings must be particularly attended to, and more or less put on according to the heat of the linings and temperature of the weather. After the bed is set to work, heat and sweet moisture are the two principal agents required for promoting the growth and vigour of the plants ; therefore if there be a heat kept in the linings, strong enough to keep the heat in the centre of the pits of mould fluctuating between 80° and 90°, cold water may be poured on the flues twice or thrice a week. There is no danger of creating damps or impure air in the frames by water- ing the flues ; for the water is no sooner poured on them, than it runs down their sides, and passes clear off through the drains of the bed ; consequently, water being poured upon the flues, gives only a momentary check to the heat of the frames ; for the flues being at all times full of hot steam, when the watering is finished, the heat quickly resumes its former vivacity, 5nd raises a warm vapour in the frames, wrell adapted for promoting veget- ation, and for increasing the growth, and invigorating the plant in all its parts. The mould round about the sides of the pits close against the inner sides of the flues, should be kept nearly on a level with the surface of the flues, and as it is the mould that joins to the flues which receives the first and greatest heat from the linings, it should be continually kept in a moist state ; for if the mould against the flues be suffered to become dry and husky, air will be generated in the frames disagreeable to the plants.” In all other respects, the culture of cucumber or melon, on M'Phail’s brick-bed, corresponds with the culture of these fruits on common dung-beds. M'Phail has, in his “ Gar- deners’ Remembrancer,” as well as in his “ Treatise on the Cu- cumber,” given the temperature of one of his beds for every day in the year, of which the following table shows the extremes for every month : — morn. noon. even. January from 58° to 86° from 56° to 86° from 54° to 77° February 68 — 88 66 — 90 58 — 84 March 62 — 83 65 — 90 62 — 85 April 69 — 84 68 — 93 64 — 90 May 67 — 79 70 — 90 66 — 95 E 26 CUCURBITACEjE. IV. Cuccmis. morn. noon. even. J une from o o o* 85° from 80° to 98° from 67° to 90° July 61 — 79 72 — 105 69 95 August 60 — 78 80 — 96 70 — 89 September 69 — 80 74 — 100 72 — 97 October 64 — 81 71 — 101 68 — 89 November 62 — 82 65 — 92 61 80 December 65 — 88 64 — 77 58 71 “ By the heat described in these tables, and plenty of water, the cucumber plants, the seeds of which were sown on the 22d day of October, were maintained in a healthy fruit-bearing state in the brick frame of my inventing, from the month of January to the beginning of December.” The melon plants in the ma- nagement of the author, were kept in about the same degree of heat which he has given for the culture of the cucumber, in the forcing frames ; and he ventures to predict that if any person keep melon or cucumber plants in nearly the same degrees of heat, as is set down in the foregoing plain tables, and manage the plants well in other respects, the way to do which he thinks he has clearly pointed out in this treatise, he is persuaded they will not fail in having success. He adds, that notwithstanding the objections of some who have not been successful in making trial of his bed, “ it is now generally approved of, and in practice by numbers of the best gentlemen’s gardeners in the kingdom, and by various market gardeners in the neighbourhood of London.” West’s pit, however, seems superior to M'Phail’s, as requiring much less dung, presenting a much more neat and orderly ap- pearance, and giving a greater command of temperature. Cultivation of the cucumber in a common pit without flues. — Some form a narrow dung-bed along the middle of each pit, leaving room for adding a lining on each side when the heat de- o a o dines. The method succeeds very well late in the season; but at an early period the sinking of the bed from the glass leaves the plants at a great distance from the light. Cultivation of the cucumber in stoves. — “ Cucumber plants,” M'Phail observes, “ will grow in a hot-house, where the pine- apple is cultivated ; but they will not be very long lived there, for that is not a healthy climate for them.” “ In August sow the seeds in boxes filled with vegetable or other light earth, and place them on shelves on the back side of the hot-house, where the sun may not be interrupted from shining on them in the short days. They may perhaps produce a few fruit in the month of December or January.” Gard. rememb. p. 301. Aber- crombie says, “ some gardeners, ambitious of early fruit, try a sowing in the stove under the disadvantages of December. Fruiting this plant in the house in narrow boxes 3 feet long, and full 20 inches deep, may be found more commodious than pots. The boxes may stand upon the crib-trellising over the flues, or be suspended near the back wall, 18 inches from the upper tier of lights, so as not to shade the regular house plants : this is the best situation for a very early crop. The plants may be origi- nated in small pots, plunged into the bark-bed, in order to be transplanted with a half ball of earth into the borders. Those who aim to have fruit at Christmas introduce seedlings about the middle of August.” “ The chief deviation from the course of the hot-bed is, that the plants must be trained in the house up- right, for which purpose form a light temporary trellis of laths. Give water every other day at least.” Pract. Gard. p. 618. We have already quoted the particulars of Aiton’s method cf raising cucumber plants in August, with a view to their being fruited in the stove through the winter. We now subjoin the remainder of that paper. “ The plants being raised on a well prepared one light hot-bed, when the cotyledons or seed-leaves became nearly of full growth, the plants were potted out, two into each pot, known to gardeners about London by the name of upright thirty-twos. When these pots became filled with roots, the plants were again shifted into larger ones, called six- teens, and removed from the seed-bed into a three light frame, with a sufficient bottom heat to allow a considerable portion of air being given day and night, both in the front and back of the frame. About the middle of September, the plants having again filled their pots with roots, and become stocky, were taken from the frame to the stove, and after a few days received the last shifting into larger pots of the following dimensions : at top 14 inches over, the bottom 10 inches across, and 12 inches deep, all inside measure ; each pot at equal distances apart, having three side drain holes near the bottom, and a larger one in the centre of the bottom, and containing about three pecks of solid earth. The cucumber plants were fruited this season in a pinery. On the front edge of the back flue of this stove, a fascia-boarding, 6 inches deep, was affixed the whole length of the building, forming all along a trough or inclosure for a re- serve of compost, after the exhaustion of the mould in the pots had taken place. The pots were now placed in regular order upon the mould-trough over the flue at 3 feet apart, and re- mained in this station for good, for succession. A setting of the second sowing was placed upon the end flues of the house ; un- derneath each pot were set an upright circular garden pan, 6 inches deep, and 14 inches in diameter, which being filled with earth, the pots were plunged therein about 2 inches deep, and the drain holes being sufficiently covered, with mould, served as outlets to the roots. From this time the fire heat of the stove was kept day and night at 60° or 65° of Fahrenheit’s thermo- meter, varying only a few degrees when the sudden influences of the sun or steam produced an additional glow of climate. The plants being now established and vigorous, required stopping the laterals and fruit ; and these second and third lateral shoots in their turn were stopped also, and the blossoms from time to time set, as usual, for succession of supply. Waterings were neces- sary only when the surface of the earth was evidently dry, and light sprinklings of soft water, tempered in the stove, were occa- sionally given over the leaves of the plants and path with good effect. Steam from a well regulated flue was considered always favorable to the cultivation, but applied sparingly on account of its scalding effect upon the leaves, when the vapour proved overheated. For the mildew, flower of brimstone, coloured leaf-green by a little soot, has been applied with the best suc- cess in all stages of the disease, and copious fumigations of tobacco were used for the destruction of the several species of the aphis tribe. Under this simple practice winter cucumbers have been produced abundantly in the months of October, No- vember, December, and part of January, in all the royal gar- dens of His Majesty during a series of years.” Aiton ex encycl. gard. p. 642, 643. Cultivation of the cucumber in Week's patent frame. — Only two instances in which this ingenious invention has been tried are known to us, both of which are mentioned at the end of “ Week’s Forcer’s Assistant.” The chief objection to it is, that the bed or stratum of earth in which the plants are grown, being but of mo- derate depth, and surrounded by air above and below, is ex- tremely difficult to retain at an equable moisture. There are several other structures for growing cucumbers and melons in besides those mentioned above ; but none of them appear to us to be of much importance. On a mode of producing a crop of cucumbers during winter. — James Reed, (Gard. mag. 3. p. 23.) places his winter cucumber bed in a vinery. In this vinery the air could be admitted both by the front and top lights. About the 20th of September the cucumber seeds were sown on a moderate hot-bed in the open air, and heated in the usual manner until they were ready to ridge out. This generally happened about the beginning of 8 CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis. 27 November, at which time the shoots of the vines were withdrawn from the house, and a dung-bed formed in the floor of the vinery in the usual way. After placing the frame and mould on the bed, it may be left without the lights until the rank steam has passed off. After this, the plants being placed in the hills, and the sashes put on, the following are the leading features of management during the winter. Make fires in the evening, so as to warm the air of the house to from 56° to 60°, and in very severe frosts it may be raised to 70°. In the mornings of the coldest weather, and shortest days, make a strong fire, so as to raise the heat to nearly 70° when the house is shut up. About 8 o’clock, and from that time to half past 9, give plenty of fresh air, by opening the front sashes and top lights, after which, and during the remainder of the day, give plenty of air to the cucumbers, by tilting the sashes in the usual way. In mild weather, and during sunshine, the lights may be taken en- tirely off the cucumbers for some hours each day ; and imme- diately after forming new linings, the top lights may be left open a little all night to permit the escape of rank steam. The advantage of this mode of growing cucumbers during winter is, the comparative certainty of an early and good crop at one-third of the trouble and expence of the common method out of doors. By this practice fruit may be cut in January. The vines may be introduced in the beginning of March, and will break beauti- fully and regularly in consequence of the genial steam of the dung. In April the shade of the vine leaves will have rendered the house too dark for the culture of the cucumber, and as by this time cucumbers are plentiful in the common hot-beds out of doors, the bed in the vinery may be cleared away, and the vines treated in the usual way till the following November. Common or Cultivated Cucumber. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1573. PI. trailing. 4 C. flexuosus (Lin. spec. 1437.) stems trailing, scabrous, flexuous, cirrhiferous ; leaves cordate-ovate, somewhat lobed, denticulated, stalked ; flowers in fascicles in the axils of the leaves ; calyx very pilose ; fruit long, cylindrically-clavate, fur- rowed, flexuous, replicate, white or yellow. 0. F. Native of the East Indies. — Lob. stirp. p. 363. f. 2. Dodon. pempt. p. 66. f. 2. Ger. herb. p. 763. f. 3. Fruit the size of a large pear, eatable, and delicious. It is cultivated about Nagasaki and elsewhere in Japan; is ripe in June, and is called by the Dutch Banket Melon. Var. ft, rcjlexus (Ser. mss.) leaves angularly-lobed. C. re- flexus, Zieh. Flexuous- fruited or Banket Melon. FI. May, Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. tr. 5 C. Jamaice'nsis (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 46.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed, quintuple-nerved, glabrous, quite entire, beset with scabrous dots beneath ; lobes acuminated; fruit nearly glo- bose. ©. F. Native of Jamaica. Jamaica Melon. FI. June, Sep. Clt. 1824. Pl.tr. 6 C. macroca'rpos (Wenderoth ex Mart, reise. bras, ex Lin- naea. 5. p. 39.) leaves cordate, rather angular, acutish, sharply- denticulated, scabrous from hairs ; fruit oblong, obsolete]}' striat- ed and spotted, remotely tuberculatcd. ©. F. Native of Brazil. Long-fruited Cucumber. PI. tr. 7 C. Cjia'te (Lin. spec. 1437.) plant very villous ; stems trailing, bluntly pentagonal, flexuous ; leaves petiolate, roundish, bluntly angled, denticulated ; flowers small, on short peduncles; fruit pilose, elliptic, tapering to both ends. ©. F. Native of Egypt and Arabia. — Alp. exot. segyp. p. 54. t. 40. — Bauh. hist. 2. p. 248. f. 3. The fruit is rather watery ; the flesh almost of the same substance with the melon ; the taste somewhat sweet, and cool as the water-melon. The grandees and Europeans in Egypt eat it as the most pleasant fruit they have, and that from which they have least to apprehend. With us it is very indif- ferent. It is most common in the fertile soil around Cairo, after the inundation of the Nile. C/iale is the Egyptian name of the plant. Chate or Hairy Cucumber or Melon. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl.tr. 8 C. Duda'im (Lin. spec. 1437.) plant hispid ; lower leaves roundish, upper ones somewhat 5-lobed, cordate at the base, denticulated ; tendrils simple ; petals ovate-roundish ; male flowers having the calyx rounded at the base, the throat dilated, and with the connectives longer than the anthers ; hermaphro- dite flowers having the tube of the calyx ovate and pilose ; stig- mas 4-6 ; fruit globose, smoothisb, variegated, rarely warted : with white sweet-scented, but insipid flesh. ©. F. Native of Persia. And. bot. rep. t. 548. C. odoratissimus, Moench, meth. 654. — Dill. hort. elth. 223. t. 177. f. 218. — Walth. hort. p. 133. t. 21. The fruit is variegated with green and orange, and oblong unequal green spots ; when full ripe becoming yel- low', and at length whitish. It has a very fragrant vinous musky smell, and a whitish, flaccid, insipid pulp. Dudaim is the Hebrew name of the fruit, rendered mandrake in Scripture, which is per- haps C. prophetarum. Dudaim or Apple-shaped Melon. Fl.Jul.Aug. Clt.l 705. Pl.tr. 9 C. Co'nomon (Thunb. jap. p. 324.) plant rather pilose ; stem trailing, striated ; leaves cordate, somewhat lobed, stalked, rather pilose ; flowers small ; fruit oblong, glabrous, 6-10-fur- rowed; flesh firm. ©. F. Native of Japan. Fruit larger than a man’s head. Flow'ers aggregate, on rather hispid stalks. This plant is cultivated every where in Japan for the sake of its fruit, which, when preserved, is sold under the name of Conne- mon, and is a common food among the Japanese. It is also fre- quently eaten by the Dutch at Batavia, and is sometimes brought to Holland. Conornon Melon. PI. tr. 10 C. se'pium (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 278.) leaves cordate- ovate, somewhat 5-lobed ; fruit oval, muricated, acuminated at both ends. ©. F. Native of Guiana, in the island of Wac- hanama. C. anguria, Raeusch, but not of Lin. ex Steud. nom. It differs from our C. anguria in the leaves being subpalmate, with angular recesses, and in the fruit being globosely-elliptic. Hedge Melon. PI. tr. 11 C. linea'tus (Bose, journ. hist. nat. 2: p. 251. t. 37.) stem climbing, pentagonal ; tendrils trifid, longer than the leaves ; leaves cordate, palmate, acutish, serrulated ; petioles short ; flowers usually twin, almost sessile; female ones "having an oblong-ovate calyx, and lanceolate segments ; petals ovate, refuse; fruit ovate-oblong, lined with green, 10-ribbed. ©. F. Native of Cayenne. Lined-fruited Melon. FI. June. Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl.tr. 12 C. propheta'rum (Lin. spec. 1436. amoen. acad. 4. p. 295.) stem trailing, striated ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, denticu- lated ; lobes obtuse ; flowers axillary, 2-5-together, stalked ; male ones with a campanulate calyx, and obovate petals ; calyx of the female flowers globose at the base, 12-striped, and his- pid : limb campanulate, crowned by teeth ; fruit globose, echi- nated, variegated, size of a cherry. ©. F. Native of Arabia. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. 1. 9. — Blackw. herb. 589. C. grossularioides, Hortul. The plant has a nauseous odour. The fruit equals the Colocynth in bitterness. Prophet's or Globe Cucumber. FI. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1777. PL tr. 13 C. Africa' xus (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 423.) stems trailing, an- gular ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed ; lobes acutish ; peduncles fili- form ; fruit ovate-oblong, much echinated. $ . F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 9S0. — Herm. par. p. 134. t. 36. Flowers small. Very like C. propheldrum. African Cucumber. FI. June, Aug. PI. tr. 14 C. angu'ria (Lin. spec. 1436. but not of Raeusch. ex Steud. e 2 28 CUCURBITACE^l. IV. Cucumis. V. Luffa. nom.) stems rather filiform, cirrhiferous ; leaves palmately-si- nuated, cordate at the base, scabrous; flowers usually solitary, size of those of Bryonia dioica ; fruit globose, echinated, white. ©. F. Native of Jamaica. C. echinatus, Mcench, rneth. p. 654. — Mill. icon. t. 33. — Pluk. phyt. t. 170. f. 3. Very like C. prophetarum. The fruit of this kind of cucumber is eaten when green by the inhabitants of the West India Islands ; but these are far inferior to our common cucumber. The fruit seldom grows so large as a pullet’s egg, and is shaped like it ; and the rind is closely beset with blunt prickles. It is frequently used in the sugar islands with other herbs in soups, and is esteemed an agreeable and wholesome ingredient in them, ayyovpiov, angourion, one of the Greek names of the cucumber ; hence the specific name. Anguria or Round Prickly- fruited Cucumber. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1692. PI. tr. 15 C. citru'llus (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 301.) plant very pilose ; stems trailing, cirrhiferous ; leaves bluntly pinnate, or many-parted, rather glaucous ; flow'ers solitary, each fur- nished with one oblong bractea ; fruit nearly globose, gla- brous, with starry spots. ©. F. Native of tropical Africa and the East Indies. Cucurbita citrullus, Lin. spec. 1435. Cu- curbita anguria, Duchesn. in Lam. diet. 2. p. 158. — Blackw. herb. t. 157. — Lob. stirp. t. 361. f. 2. Park. Theatr. 771. f. 772. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 146. f. 1. Samanka of the Hindoos. Far. a, Pasteca (Ser. 1. c.) flesh of fruit firm, yellow, but not very watery. This is the Yellow -fleshed Water Melon of the English, and the Pasteque of the French. Far. (i, Jdce (Ser. 1. c.) flesh very watery, reddish. This is the Red-Jleshed Water Melon of the English, Melon d’eau of the French, and the Jace of the Brazilians. The water-melon is called rvasser-melon in Germany, and coco - mcro in Italy. The plant serves both for food, drink, and physic to the Egyptians. The fruit is eaten in abundance during the season, which is from the beginning of May until the overflowing of the Nile, that is, to the end of July. It is the only medicine the common people use in ardent fevers : when it is ripe or almost putrid, they collect the juice, and mix it with rose-water and a little sugar. The fruit should be eaten cautiously by Europeans, especially when taken in the heat of the day ; but it is much used within the tropics, and in Italy. The fruit is large, green externally, white fleshed, reddish towards the centre, juicy, and refreshing, but not high flavoured. It is generally considered the melon of the Jews, mentioned in various parts of the Bible. It requires nearly the same treatment as the common melon, but a larger frame to admit its more extended shoots to spread themselves. Citrul or Water Melon. FI. May, Sep. Clt. 1597. PI. tr. 16 C. murica'tus (Willd. spec. 4. p. 613.) leaves cordate and angular, rather hoary ; angles rounded ; fruit cylindrical, muri- cated ; male flowers aggregate, nearly sessile ; female ones soli- tary. ©. F. Native of Tranquebar. JVarted Cucumber. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl.tr. 17 C. megaca'rpus ; leaves palmate; fruit long, ovate, very full of anastomosing fibres, which look like net-work when the fruit is dried up. ©. F. Native of Sierra Leone. Large-fruited Cucumber. PL tr. 18 C. pube'scens (Willd. 1. c. p. 614.) leaves cordate, rather angular, acutish, sharply toothed, scabrous : fruit, elliptic, ob- tuse, pubescent, green, painted with more obscure narrow stripes. ©. F. Native country unknown. Fruit 3 inches long, elliptic, and an inch thick, obtuse at both ends, covered with fine down. Downy Cucumber. FI. July, Sep. Clt. 1815. Pl.tr. 19 C. macula'tus (Willd spec. 4. p. 614.) leaves cordate, obsoletely angular, roundly obtuse, denticulated, scabrous ; fruit elliptic, narrow at the base, glabrous, when young painted with broad green stripes ; but when mature, white, variegated with green spots ; connectives much longer than the anthers. Q. F. Native of Guinea. Fruit smooth. Ser. diss. 1. c. t. 3. Spotted Cucumber. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl.tr. 20 C. coeocy'nthis (Lin. spec. 1435.) stems trailing, rather hispid ; leaves cordate-ovate, multifidly lobed, covered with white pili beneath ; lobes obtuse ; petioles equalling the limb of the leaf ; tendrils short ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate ; female ones having the tube of the calyx globose, and rather his- pid, crowned by a spreading campanulate limb, and narrow seg- ments ; petals small ; fruit globose, glabrous, yellowish at maturity, with a thin solid rind, and very bitter flesh. ©. F. Native of Japan andTurkey. — Blackw. herb. t. 441. — Sabb. hort. 1. t. 70. — Mor. hist. sect. 1. 1. 6. f. 1. Fruit about the size of an orange. The colocynth is a native of Turkey. The fruit is about the size of an orange ; its medullary part, freed from the rind and seeds, is alone made use of in medicine ; this is very light, white, spongy, composed of membranous plates, of an ex- tremely bitter, nauseous, acrimonious taste. The fruit is ga- thered in autumn, when it begins to turn yellow, and is then peeled and dried quickly, either in a stove or in the sun. New- mann got from 7680 parts, 1680 alcoholic extract, and then 2160 watery ; and inversely 3600 watery, and 224 alcoholic. The seeds are perfectly bland, and highly nutritious ; and we learn from Captain Lyon, that they constitute an important article of food in Northern Africa. The extract of colocynth is one of the most powerful and useful of cathartics, but there is no more efficacious way of lessening its violence than by re- ducing its dose. Colocynth or Bitter Cucumber. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1551. PL tr. 21 C. Campechia'nus (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 123.) stem cirrhiferous ; leaves cordate-roundish, sinuately 5- lobed, toothed ; lobes rounded, intermediate one the largest ; male flowers racemose, few ; tube of calyx villous ; fruit un- known. ©.F. Native on the shores about Campeachy. Perhaps a variety of C. prophetarum, according to Spreng. syst. 3. p. 47. Campeachy Cucumber. PL tr. 22 C. pere'nnis (E. James, exped. rock, mount. 2. p. 345. and in isis. 1824. p. 235.) leaves triangularly cordate, with un- dulated margins ; tendrils trichotomous ; lobes of calyx subu- late ; fruit orbicular, smooth, usually 4-celled ; seeds ovate, gibbous, with an acute margin. If. F. Native of or cultivated in North America. Flowers about the size of those of Cucur- hita Pepo. Fruit nearly sessile. Perennial Cucumber. PL tr. Cult. See culture of the Cucumber and Melon in the open air in the proper place, for the culture of the rest of the species. V. LUFFA ( Louff is the Arabic name of L. AEgyptiaca). Cav. icon. 1. p. 7. t. 9. D. C. prod. 3. p. 302. — Cucumis species of authors, and Momordica species of authors. Lin. syst. Monce'cia, Pentdndria. Male flowers yellow, in panicles ; tube of calyx hemispherical, with the segments longer than the tube. Petals free, deciduous from being ruptured at the base. Stamens 5, not joined. Anthers very flexuous. Female flowers solitary ; tube of calyx oblong-clavated, with the segments shorter than the tube. Stamens almost abortive. Stigmas reniform. Fruit ovate, 3-celled. Seeds 2-lobed at the base, reticulated. Flowers yellow. 1 L. fce'tida (Cav. icon. 1. p. 7. t. 9.) stem furrowed : leaves cordate, 5-7-angled, scabrous ; the angles acute and serrated ; tendrils umbellate ; fruit mucronate, not crowned by the limb of the calyx. ©. F. Native of the East Indies, the islands of Bourbon and France, as well as in many places on the western CLJCURBITACEdE. V. Luffa. VI. Benincasa. VII. Erythropalum. 29 coast of Africa, in fields, hedges, and among bushes. Sims, hot. mag. 1638. Ojong Bulustru is its Hindoo name. Fetid Luffa. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1812. PL tr. 2 L. cordifolia (Blume, bijdr. p. 929.) leaves cordate, acumi- nated, sharply toothed, scabrous ; flowers dioecious ; male ones rather umbellate : female ones solitary ; fruit furrowed and wrinkled. Q.F. Native of Java, on the mountains, where it is called by the natives Aroy kajoraajan, Aroy Kalayar burriet, but Tirvuk by the Hindoos. Heart-leaved Luffa. PI. tr. 3 L. acuta'ngula (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 302.) stem twisted; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, acutely toothed; tendrils undivided, or 2-3-cleft; fruit clavate, 10-angled, crowned by the linear calycine segments: the rind hard; seeds flat, roundish-oblong, black and shining at maturity. ©. F. Native of China, and plentiful in India near the habitations of the Indians Cucumis acutangulus, Lin. spec. 1436. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. p. 73, 74. ex Lam. diet. 2. p. 74. — Rheed. mal. 8. t. 7. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 408. t. 149. Dringi is the Hindoo name of the plant. Leaves like those of Tussildgo Petasites or Vitis, with the scent of Datura stramonium. Male flow'ers umbellate, female ones solitary. Fruit insipid, but is eaten by the natives of India boiled or pickled. Acute-angled Luffa. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1692. Pl.tr. 4 L. Plukenetia'na (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 302.) leaves cordate, doubly toothed ; tendrils 2-3-cleft ; fruit ob- ovate, crowned by the marcescent limb of the calyx. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Cucumis acutangulus (i, Lam. diet. 2. p. 74. — Pluk. phyt. t. 172. f. 1. Plukenet's Luffa. PI. tr. 5 L. Ca'ttu-picinna (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 303.) stem tetragonal ; leaves cordate, roundish, somewhat 5-lobed, angular ; sepals broadly ovate, acuminated ; fruit oblong-ellip- tic, mucronate, lined with warts, and crowned by the calycine segments ; seeds ovate. ©. F. Native of Malabar. — Cattu- picinna, Rheed. mal. 8. p. 15. t. 8. Leaves nearly the size and form of those of Althce'a rosea. Male flowers size of those of Pceonia tenuijolia. Cattu-picinna Luffa. PI. tr. 6 L. -/Egyptiaca (Mill, diet.) leaves roundish-cordate, lobed ; lobes angular, cut at the base, with incumbent margins ; tendrils simple ; fruit obovate-clavate, 10-angled, crowned by the seg- ments of the calyx. ©. F. Native of Arabia. Momordica Luffa, Lin. spec. 1433. L. Arabum, Alp. pi. aegypt. p. 199. t. 58. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 35. sect. 1. t. 7. f. 1, 2. — Sabb. hort. 1. t. 62. The Arabians call the plant Liff or Lovff; they cultivate it, and it climbs up the palm-trees, covering, and elegantly adorning their trunks. It is also cultivated largely in China and Cochin-china, if Loureiro’s plant be the same (Coch. p. 590.). The fruit when young is made into a pickle, like the mango, but it has a disagreeable taste, and is not accounted very wholesome. Egyptian Luffa. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1739. PI. cl. 7 L. Pe'tola (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 303.) stems terete; leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed ; lobes acute, serrated, middle one very long ; tendrils bifid ; segments of the calyx oblong and bluntish ; petals obcordate, toothed, shorter than the calycine segments ; fruit obovate-clavate, mucronate, woolly, afterwards furrowed, green, spotted with white, with watery flesh. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. — Petola, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 405. t. 147. Petola Luffa. PI. tr. 8 L. penta'ndra (Wall. cat. no. 6751.) leaves cordate, downy, 5-7-lobed, mucronately denticulated : middle lobe the longest; female peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary : male ones umbellate ? ©. F. Native of the East Indies, in Rungpur and Munggeri. Pentandrous Luffa. PI. tr. 9 L grave'olens (Roxb. ex Wall. cat. no. 6752.) downy; leaves cordate, obsoletely lobed, and mucronately denticulated ; flowers axillary, 2-4-together, on very short peduncles ; fruit muricated. ©. F. Native of the East Indies, in Munikapur. Strong-scented Luffa. PI. tr. 10 L. ama'ra (Wall. cat. no. 6754.) scabrous ; leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed, middle lobe the longest, all acute ; female peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary: male ones racemose; fruit long, downy. ©. F. Native of the East Indies, in Rungpur and Gualpara. Bitter Luffa. PI. tr. 11 L. hedera'cea (Wall. cat. no. 6755.) leaves cordate, pal- mately 5-lobed, mucronately denticulated ; female peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary : male ones racemose ; fruit oblong. ©. F. Native of the Burman Empire, at Amherst, and below Melloon. Ivy-like Luffa. PI. tr. 12 L. echina'ta (Roxb. ex Wall. cat. no. 6756.) scabrous; leaves cordate, 5-lobed ; lobes rounded, mucronately denticu- lated; female peduncles 1-flowered, solitary; male ones um- bellately racemose ; fruit roundish, echinated by spines. ©. F. Native of the East Indies, in Bandil, Deyra, and Dhoon. Echinated- fruited Luffa. PI. tr. 13 L. satpa'tia (Hamilt. ex Wall. cat. no. 6757.) scabrous; leaves cordate, angularly toothed ; peduncles racemose. ©. F. Native of the East Indies, in Nathpur, wdiere it is called Sat- patia. Satpatia Luffa. PI. tr. 14 L. pa'rvula (Hamilt. ex Wall. cat. no. 67 58.) roughish ; leaves 5-7-lobed; lobes acuminated, mucronately denticulated ; female peduncles 1-flowered, solitary ; fruit long, downy when young. ©. H. Native of the East Indies, in Puraniya. Small Luffa. PI. tr. Cult. Sow the seeds in a hot-bed, and afterwards treat the plants as recommended for ridging out cucumbers. VI. BENINCA'SA (in honour of Count Benincasa, an Ita- lian nobleman). Savi, mem. cucurb. 1818. p. 6. with a figure. Delile, mem. acad. sc. par. 1824. 7. p. 395. D. C. prod. 3. p. 303. Lin. syst. Po/ygcimia, Monoecia. Flowers polygamous, monoecious, solitary, yellow. Segments of the calyx short, broad, with undulated, toothed margins. Stamens in 3 bundles in the male flow'ers, divaricate. Petals obovate-roundish, curled, and undulated ; anthers very irregular, with distant convolutions. Female flowers with the stamens as in the males, but usually nearly abortive. Stigmas very thick and irregular. Seeds with thickish margins. 1 B. cerifera (Savi, 1. c.) plant very hairy, with a musky scent ; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed ; lobes acutish and crenated ; tendrils simple ; fruit ovate-cylindrical, woolly, pen- dulous, green. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Cucurbita cerifera, Fisch. cat. hort. Gorenk. ex Savi, 1. c. B. cylindrica, Hortul. Cumbulam, Rheed. mal. 8. p. 5. t. 3. The fruit is either short or long, but always covered with numerous fragile hairs, and clothed with glaucous, glittering bloom. Flowers sometimes hermaphrodite. Wax-bearing Benincasa. FI. May, Jul. Clt. 1827. PI. tr. Cult. Sow the seeds on a hot-bed in spring ; and afterwards treat the plants as in ridging out cucumbers. VII. ERYTHROPA'LUM (from epvOpog, erythros, red, and rraXog, joalos, a shaking; application not evident). Blum, bijdr. p. 921. D. C. prod. 3. p. 303. Lin. syst. Monoecia , Pentandria. Flowers monoecious, perhaps only from abortion. Limb of calyx obsoletely 5- toothed. Petals 5, ovate, alternating with the teeth of the 30 CUCURBITACE^E. VIII. Turia. IX. Bryonia. calyx, bicallous at the base inside. Stamens 5, opposite the petals, borne at the margin of the tube ; filaments short; anthers erect, dehiscing at the side. Style short. Fruit clavate, 1- eelled, 3-valved ; valves fleshy, partible into two. Seed one coated. 1 E. sca'ndens (Blum, bijdr. p. 922.) shrub climbing; leaves stalked, rather peltate, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, gla- brous ; peduncles branched, axillary ; pedicels rather umbellate. S. Native of the East India Islands, on the mountains, particularly in Java, where it is called Aroy nuat Ban hong by the natives. Climbing Erythropalum. Shrub cl. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or vegetable mould, will suit this plant ; and cuttings will grow freely in the same kind of soil, if placed in heat. VIII. TU RIA (Arabic name of one of the species). Forsk. fl. segypt. p. 165. no. 35. Lam. diet. 8. p. 139. D. C. prod. 3. p. 303. Lin. syst. Monoecia, Pentdndria. Flowers monoecious, male ones umbellate. Calyx 5-parted ; segments lanceolate, spreading. Corolla 5-petalled, rotate, yellow. Stamens 5, erect, filiform, in 3 bundles; anthers irregularly curled ; rudi- ment of germ half globose. Female flowers having the calyx and corolla as in the male, but with the stamens castrated. Gerrnen cylindrical, thickened. Stigmas 3, 2-lobed. Fruit cylindrical ? attenuated, villous, wai ted. 1 T. cylindrica (Forsk. 1. c.) stems twining, 5-angled, sca- brous ; leaves palmate ; lobes toothed ; tendrils trifid ; fruit terete, attenuated at both ends, villous, crowned by the style and calyx. — Native of Arabia Felix. Gmel syst. nat. 1. p. 403. ex Lam. diet. 8. p. 140. Flowers yellow. Cylindrical-fruhed Turia. PI. tw. 2 T. Leloja (Forsk. 1. c. p. 165.) stem striated, mealy; leaves 3-lobed, cordate at the base ; lobes angular, middle one longest, but not lobed ; fruit conical, glabrous ; seeds size of a small pea. If. F. Native ,of Arabia. Gmel. syst. nat. 1. p. 403. ex Lam. diet. 8. p. 140. Leloja is the Arabian name of the plant. Flowers green. Leloja Turia. PI. tw. 3 T. corda'ta (Lam. diet. 8. p. 140.) leaves cordate, angular, ciliated, 2 inches long. — Native of Arabia Felix. The fruit, when matured, opens at top by a lid, and ejects its seeds with force. Forsk. fl. aegypt. p. 166. Cordate-leaved Turia. PI. trailing. 4 T. GIjef (Forsk. 1. c. p. 166.) stem 6-angled, scabrous; leaves 3-lobed, denticulated, scabrous on both surfaces ; fruit ovate, 10-furrowed, glabrous. — Native of Arabia. Flowers small, green. Fruit smaller than a nut, greyish at maturity, dehiscing, with revolute valves. Gijef is the Arabic name of the plant. Gijef Turia. PI. trailing. 5 T. Mo'giiadd (Forsk. aegypt. 1. c.) stem terete, smooth; leaves 3-lobed, quite entire ; lateral lobes somewhat 3-lobed ; fruit oval-oblong, quite glabrous. — Native of Arabia Felix. Flowers large, white. Immature fruit green, spotted w ith white, but when mature yellow and eatable. Moghadd is the Arabian name of the species. Moghadd Turia. PI. trailing. Cult. See Cucurbita, p. 41. for culture and propagation. IX. BRYO'NIA (from j3pvti>, bryo, to sprout up ; in reference to the rapid growth of the annual stems, or because the species raise themselves by laying hold of other shrubs with their ten- drils). Lin. gen. no. 1480. Juss. gen. p. 394. Gaertn. fruct. t. 88. D. C. prod. 3. p. 30 1-. Solena, Lour, cocli. Cucumis species of some authors. Cucumeroides, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 485. t. 180. f. 4. Lin. syst. Monoecia, Polyadelphia. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Petals joined at the base. Male flowers with a 5-toothed calyx. Stamens in 3 bundles ; anthers flexuous. Female flowers with a trifid style. Fruit ovate or globose, smooth ; perhaps always few-seeded. Seeds ovate, hardly com- pressed, more or less margined. Tendrils simple, rarely forked. * Leaves angular. 1 B. rostra'ta (Rottl. nov. act. berol. 4. p. 212. and Willd. spec. 4. p. 616.) stem filiform, furrowed ; leaves cordate, obtuse, denticulated, scabrous ; peduncles axillary, solitary ; fruit ovate, angular, acuminated. ®. F. Native of Tranquebar. Fruit the size of a pea. Plant scabrous, but when cultivated it be- comes smooth in every part. The root of this species is pre- scribed in India internally in electuary, in cases of piles. iiostrote-fruited Bryony. PI. cl. 2 B. Perrotetia'na (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 304.) tendrils simple, capillary ; leaves broadly cordate, ungulate, ses- sile, villous, scabrous, with undulated margins ; male flowers twin, on pilose peduncles : female flowers sessile ; fruit ending in a long taper point, sessile, clothed with very long and very numerous hairs ; seeds compressed, bay-coloured, granularly edged, and covered with adpressed hairs. Tf.S. Native of Senegal. Flowers white. Perrotet's Bryony. PI. cl. 3 B. mucrona'ta (Blume, bijdr. p. 923.) leaves cordate- ovate, mucronate, rather angular, and repandly denticulated, scabrous from dots above, and smooth beneath; flowers in fas- cicles, dioecious ; berry oval. If. . S. Native of the East In- dies, on the mountains, where it is called Pariagengie by the natives. Far. f3, denticulata (Ser. in D.C. prod. 3. p. 304.) leaves all undivided, obsoletely denticulated ; fruit usually contracted in the middle. If . S. Growing among bushes about Buitenzorg in Java. Mucronate-leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 4 B. scabra (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves cordate, angular, toothed, beset with callous dots above and with pili beneath, therefore scabrous on both surfaces ; flowers umbellate ; fruit globose ; seeds smooth. If. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The tender shoots of this plant are aperient, having been previously roasted. Scabrous Bryony. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1774. PI. cl. 5 B. verrucosa (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 285. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 246.) leaves cordate, angular, beset with callous dots beneath as well as on the veins above ; tendrils usually simple ; fruit globose, nearly sessile. If- - G. Native of the Canary Islands. Willd. spec. 4. p. 616. Fruit the size of a sloe. Warted- leaved Bryony. Clt. 1779. PI. cl. 6 B. scabra'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 923.) leaves cordate, cuspi- date, undivided, and somewhat angular, denticulated, scabrous above, rough on the veins beneath ; flowers monoecious ; umbels on short peduncles; fruit globose. — Native of the East Indies, on the mountains, particularly in Java. Cucurbita scabra, Blum, cat. hort. buit. no. 105. Aroy lcorreg kottok of the Javanese. Allied to B. scabra and B. Japonica. Rough Bryony. PI. cl. 7 B. puncta'ta (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves cordate, angular, callous above, and pilose beneath ; peduncles 1 -flowered. If. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Dotted-leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 8 B. repa'nda (Blum, bijdr. p. 923.) leaves cordate, cuspi- date, repandly denticulated, scabrous above and puberulous be- neath ; umbels pedunculate ; flow ers dioecious ; berries globose. CUCURBITACE/E. IX. Bryonia. 31 "2/ . S. Native of Java, in the higher mountain woods of Bu- rangrang. Repand-\eeived Bryony. PI. cl. 9 B. corda'ta (Thunb. in Hoffhn. phyt. blatt. 5. ex Pers. ench. 2. p. 594.) leaves cordate, scabrous, denticulated ; flowers axillary, twin. S. Native country unknown. B. Thun- bergiana, Dietr. ex Steud. nom. Heart- leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 10 B. angula'ta (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves 5-angled, sca- brous on both surfaces ; flowers umbellate. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Angular -\e&xed Bryony. PI. cl. 11 B. leucoca'rpa (Blume, bijdr. p. 924.) leaves ovate-ob- long, acuminated, deeply cordate at the base, somewhat repandly denticulated, beset with rough dots above, paler beneath ; pe- duncles usually twin, few-flowered ; flowers monoecious ; ber- ries globose. 7/. S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak. White-fruited Bryony. PI. cl. 12 B. acuta'ngula (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves angular, entire, smooth, glabrous. 1/.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Acute-angled- leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 13 B. gra'ndis (Lin. mant. p. 126.) leaves cordate, lobed, beset with callous dots above and glandular at the base beneath : terminal lobe obtuse ; tendrils simple ; fruit oblong, prickly at the base ; prickles few, refiexed (ex icon. Burm.) reddish. If. .S. Native of the East Indies. Lour. coch. 595. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 166. f. 1. Peduncles 1-flowered. Flowers large, whitish, androgynous. Berries red. Great Bryony. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1783. PI. cl. 14 B. Moimoi (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 305.) leaves cordate, 5-angled, acutely denticulated : terminal angle elon- gated and acute ; tendrils simple ; fruit prickly at the base ; prickles few, reflexed ; fruit red. . S. Native of Ceylon and of Senegal, in hedges, in which last place it is called Moimoi, according to Adanson. Seneg. p. 159. Burm. zeyl. t. 19. f. 1. Flowers large, white. Moimoi Bryony. PI. cl. 15 B. gemina'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 924.) leaves ovate-cordate, or somewhat hastate, bluntish, obsoletely denticulated, scabrous from dots ; flowers pedunculate, twin, monoecious ; berries oval. If. S. Native of Java, about Linga-jattie at the foot of Mount Tjerimai, where it is called IVawaluhan by the natives. Troira-fiowered Bryony. PI. cl. 16 B. Cochinchine'nsis (Lour. coch. 595.) leaves 5-angled, rough; flowers monoecious, large, axillary, solitary, on long peduncles; fruit ovate, acutish at both ends, 10-angled, red, smooth ; seeds oblong-ovate, compressed, smooth. 11 . G. Native of Cochin-china, in hedges. Flowers white. Cochin-china Bryony. PI. cl. 17 B. Abyssi'nica (Lam. diet. 1. p. 497.) stem villous at the apex ; tendrils simple ; leaves cordate, toothed, large, soft, nearly glabrous : upper ones angularly-lobed ; petioles and pe- duncles very villous ; flowers twin, yellow ; fruit unknown. G. Native of Abyssinia and neighbouring parts of Africa. Abyssinian Bryony. PI. cl. 18 B. Japonica (Thunb. jap. p. 325.) leaves cordate, undi- vided, and angular, toothed, green above, and beset with very minute hairs : pale beneath, and beset with scaly dots. 7/ . G. Native of Japan, near Nagasaki. Japan Bryony. PI. cl. 19 B. sagitta'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 925.) leaves on short pe- tioles, sagittate, glaucescent beneath ; male peduncles subumbel- late, female ones 1-flowered. %. S. Native of Java, about Batavia, in humid bushy places. Allied to D. heterophylla and B. umbellala. Sagittate-\euxed Bryony. PI. cl. 20 B. Blu'mei (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 305.) leaves ovate-cordate, or cordately-sagittate, acuminated, repandly den- ticulated, scabrous ; flowers monoecious, male ones umbellate, female ones solitary ; berries oblong. %. S. Native of Java, near Batavia, among bushes. B. heterophylla, Blum, bijdr. p. 925., but not of Steud. Allied to B. marginata. Blume' s Bryony. PI. cl. 21 B. margina'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 924.) leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, rather angular at the base, obsoletely denticulated, marginate, rough ; umbels on long peduncles ; berries oblong. 11 . S. Native of Java, about Rompien, where it is called Korro- ronteng Kambien by the natives. Marginate-leaxed Bryony. PI. cl. 22 B. umbella'ta (Klein ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 618.) leaves oblong-cordate, glabrous on both surfaces, dotted above, re- motely denticulated, rather angular at the base : upper ones hastately 2-lobed ; peduncles axillary, umbellate; fruit unknown. 1£. S. Native of the East Indies. B. Teedonda, Roxb. B. hastata, Lour. coch. 594.? — Rheed. mal. 8. p. 51. t. 26.? Flowers white. Berries red. Umbel late-doxvered Bryony. PI. cl. 23 B. amplexicauT-is (Lam. diet. 1. p. 496.) stem angular, glabrous ; leaves smooth, cordate, rather angular, stem-clasping, dotted, and glaucous beneath ; upper leaves generally narrowly 3-lobed ; flowers small, solitary, axillary, pedunculate; fruit solitary, acuminated, smooth. % . S. Native of the East Indies, Flowers white. Stem-clasping leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 24 B. ? iieterophy'lla (Steud. nom. p. 123.) lower leaves cordate, upper ones cordate or denticulated ; tendrils solitary ; flowers solitary, pedunculate, hermaphrodite ; fruit scarlet ; seeds blackish. If.. S. Native of Cochin-china and China. Solena heterophylla, Lour. coch. p. 514. Flowers pale. Variable -leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 25 B. pube'scens (Poir. diet, suppl. 1. p. 731.) stem pilose; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed ; lobes acute, with spiny teeth ; petioles villous ; tendrils long, much branched ; flowers small, white, downy, umbellate. !{.. G. Native of the Levant. Flowers whitish. Downy Bryony. PI. cl. 26 B. Maderaspata'na (Berg. pi. cap. p. 351.) stem angu- lar, cirrhose, glabrous ; leaves cordate, oblong, acupainated, toothed, scabrous from small callose dots above, hairy beneath ; stipulas ? awl-shaped, solitary ; flowers twin, axillary. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Cucumis Maderaspatana, Lin. spec. 1438. — Pluk. aim. t. 170. f. 2. Madras Bryony. PI. cl. 27 B. heder,efolia (Jacq. fragm. 73. no. 230. t. 113.) dio- ecious ; root thick, fleshy ; stem terete, glabrous, with the in- ternodes distant ; tendrils very long, simple ; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-angled, quite entire, rather wrinkled above, and hispid beneath ; racemes simple, many-flowered ; calycine seg- ments of the male flowers lanceolate and acute ; lobes of the corolla ovate, acute, yellowish. 7/. S. Native of Teneriflfe. Flowers yellowish. Ivy-leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 28 B. ALTHA201DES (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 306.) stem filiform, furrowed, rough, with the internodes longer than the leaves; tendrils simple, narrow, and spirally twisted; leaves cordate, lanceolate, on short petioles, somewhat 5-angled, bluntly toothed, clothed with a kind of rough tomentum beneath ; ter- minal lobe elongated ; fruit thin, globose, sessile, smooth ; seeds wrinkled from dots, girded by a slender zone. 7/ . S. Native of the island of Timor. Flowers white, Althceu-like Bryony. PI. cl. 29 B. ? bemjncul6sa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 306.) 32 CUCURBIT ACEjE. IX. Bryonia. plant pilose ; stem filiform, striated, having distant internodes ; tendrils bifid ; leaves on long petioles, cordate, long-acuminated, crenately toothed, beset with long, distant hairs ; flowers large, in loose racemes ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; pedicels long, pilose; fruit unknown. 7/. G. Native of Nipaul. Long-peduncled Bryony. PI. cl. 30 B. Riie'edii (Blum, bijdr. p. 925.) leaves on short pe- tioles, oblong, cordate, rather angular at the base, remotely den- ticulated, smoothish, dotted above, glaucous beneath ; upper leaves hastately 3-lobed ; male pedicels disposed in dense ra- cemes, 1 -flowered, bearing one bractea in the middle of each, female pedicels solitary, 1-flowered. 7/. S. Native of Java and Malabar, on the mountains. Rheed. mal. 8. t. 26. The plant is called Aroy-hui-Walleh by the natives of Java. Rlieede’s Bryony. PI. cl. * * Leaves lobed. 31 B. epig^'a (Rottl. in nov. act. berol. 4. p. 223.) stem fur- rowed, glabrous ; leaves coriaceous, somewhat cordately 3-lobed, obsoletely denticulated, rough : lateral lobes somewhat 2-lobed, intermediate one elongated, acuminated ; flowers monoecious, male ones umbellate, female ones solitary ; berries globose. . S. Native of Java, about Rompien, in corn fields. Willd. spec. 4. p. 610. — Blum, bijdr. p. 925, Corro-konteng of the natives of Java. The root of this species was once supposed to be the famous colomba-root, to which it approaches very nearly in quality. Earth Bryony. Clt. 1815. PI. cl. 32 . B. scabre'lla (Lin. suppl. 424.) stem muricated, hispid ; leaves 3-lobed, toothed, callosely hispid on both surfaces : lateral lobes dilated, angular, intermediate one elongated ; petioles hispid ; flowers axillary, nearly sessile, numerous ; fruit nearly globose, beset with a few obverse strigae ; seeds muricated. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Willd. spec. 4. p. 619. Baboon tengang of the Hindoos. Flowers yellow. Habit of Melblhria. Var. a; leaves smaller; seeds tuberculated. Blume, 1. c. Far. ; leaves coarsely toothed, as in the preceding variety, and beset with setaceous strigae ; berries elliptic-globose. Blume, 1. c. Roughish Bryony. FI. May, July. Clt. 1781. PI. cl. 33 B. latebrosa (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 384. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 347.) leaves somewhat 3-lobed, pilose, attenuated at the base, hardly cordate, running down the petiole on one side only. 1£.G. Native of the Canary Islands. Flowers whitish. Dark Bryony. FI. June. Clt. 1779. PI. cl. 34 B. triloba'ta (Thunb. prod. 13. but not of Lour.) leaves 3-lobed, smooth above, and scabrous beneath. 7£. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Three- lobed-leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 35 B. stipula'cea (Willd. spec. 4. p. 620.) stem shrubby? furrowed ; tendrils trifid ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, toothed, gla- brous, smooth on both surfaces ; stipulas roundish, concave, serrated; flowers monoecious, solitary; fruit ovate, acutish, gla- brous, yellow, 5-celled, many-seeded. 1(.G. Native of Cochin- china. B. triloba, Lour. coch. p. 595. but not of Thunb. B. agrestis, Raeusch. ex Steud. nom. plian. p. 123. Flowers white. Far. (3; perpusilla (Blum, bijdr. p. 926.) leaves membra- nous, deeply cordate, 3-lobed, obsoletely denticulated, scabrous from dots above, smooth beneath : lateral lobes rather angular, intermediate one elongated, acuminated ; flowers umbellate, monoecious ; fruit pea-formed. 1/ . S. Cucurbita perpusilla, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 105. Native of Java, in the shady parts of mountains. The plant is called Hampru Bogor, and Korres koda by the Javanese. Large- stipuled Bryony. PI. cl. 36 B. America'na (Lam. diet. 1. p.498.) root thick; stem angular ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, angular, wrinkled, with spine- formed teeth ; lobes of corolla narrow, white inside ; fruit ovate, red, few-seeded ; seeds compressed. 7/ . S. Native of the An- tillis. — Plum. spec. 3. icon. p. 66. ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 620. American Bryony. PI. cl. 37 B. Guinee'nsis ; leaves cordate, petiolate, 5-lobed ; lobes acute, toothed ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered ; tendrils axillary. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers red. Guinea Bryony. PI. tw. 38 B. cordifolia (Lin. spec. p. 1438.) leaves cordate, oblong, 5-lobed, toothed, scabrous, bidentate at the top of the petiole. "11. S. Native of Ceylon. Flowers white. The root of this plant is considered cooling, and to possess virtues in complaints requiring expectorants. Heart-leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 39 B. a'lba (Lin. spec. p. 621.) stem climbing; leaves cor- date, 5-lobed, toothed, scabrous from callous dots ; terminal lobe hardly longer than the rest ; tendrils twin ; flowers race- mose, monoecious ; stamens distinct ; fruit globose, black ; seeds unknown. 7/ . H. Native of Europe, in woods and hedges, as in Sweden, Denmark, and Carniola. Lam. ill. t. 769. FI. dan. t. 813. Flowers whitish or yellowish. Black-berried white Bryony. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1807. Pi ck 40 B. dioi'ca (Jacq. fl. austr. t. 199.) stem climbing: leaves cordate, palmately 5-lobed, toothed, scabrous from callous points ; terminal lobe the longest and very dissimilar, perhaps always ; tendrils simple ; flowers racemose, dioecious ; filaments pilose at the base ; fruit globose, red ; seeds obovate -globose, rather compressed, grey, variegated with black. 1(. H. Native of Europe, in hedges ; plentiful in England, particularly in calca- reous counties. Smith, engl. bot. t. 439. Mill, fig t. 71. — Blackw. herb. t. 37. B. alba, Huds. 437. Wood. med. bot. t. 189. Flowers white, with elegant green ribs and veins. The root grows sometimes to an immense size ; it is a famous hydro- gogue, and highly purgative and acrid, a drachm of it in sub- stance, or half an ounce of it infused in wine, is said to be a full dose ; others give 2 drachms in dropsical cases. As a purgative it has great effect on some, while on others it has hardly any ; but it frequently becomes diuretic and diaphoretic. A cold in- fusion in water is used externally in sciatic pains. A cataplasm of it is a most powerful diseutient The best season to take up the roots for use is in autumn. It is called in English, white wild vine, wild hops, white Bryony, wild nep, Tetter -berry. Far. (3, lulea (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves deeply lobed ; lateral lobes nearly linear, terminal one lanceolate, bi- dentate laterally; fruit and seeds yellow. 1£. H. Native of Auvergne, in hedges and woods. Z)ioecioi«-flowered or red- berried white Bryony. Fl. May, Sept. Britain. PI. cl. 41 B. nitida (Link. enum. 2. p. 40 4.) leaves cordate, 5-lobed, apiculated, scabrous from hairs : peduncles umbelliferous. 7/ . FL Native country unknown. Shining Bryony. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. cl. 42 B. Cre'tica (Lin. spec. 1439.) root fleshy ; stems climb- ing ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, quite entire, ciliated, muricated on both surfaces : terminal lobe the largest ; tendrils simple, spiral ; flowers dioecious : female ones axillary, twin ; fruit globose, red ; seeds smooth, obovate. ©. H. Native of Candia. Desf. coroll. p. 91. t. 70. ann. mus. 12. t. 17. Flowers pale. Cretan Bryony. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1759. PI. cl. 43 B. quinque'loba (Thunb. prod. 13.) flowers dioecious; leaves 5-lobed, scabrous above ; lobes very blunt, mucronately toothed, auricled behind ; tendrils simple ; peduncles of male flowers 1-flowered, twin; calyx broadly campanulate, and acutely toothed ; corolla campanulate, half 5-cleft ; fruit un- known. 7 1 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker, bot. reg. 82. Sims, bot. mag. 1820. Flowers brown. Five-lobed-]ea.\ed Bryony. Fl. June, Oct. Clt.? PI. cl. CUCURBITACE./E. IX. Bryonia. X. Sicyos. 33 44 B. Nipaule'nsis (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 307.) stems numerous ; leaves palmately 5-lobed, scabrous above, smooth beneath ; lobes narrow, very acute, almost entire : ter- minal one very long : lateral ones divaricate, lower ones very short or wanting ; petioles short ; male flowers in fascicles, nu- merous, small ; peduncles unequal; fruit unknown. ©.? H. Native of Nipaul. Nipaul Bryony. PI. cl. 45 B. ficifolia (Lam. diet. 1. p. 498.) leaves 5-lobed, some- what denticulated; lobes deep, obtuse; petioles and stem hispid. "g. G. Native of Buenos Ayres. B. Bonariensis, Mill. diet. — Dill. hort. elth. p. 58. t. 50. f. 58. Flowers whitish. Fig-leaved Bryony. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. cl. 46 B. ? acu'ta (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 360.) stem slender ; leaves somewhat 7-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, acute, entire, or toothed ; tendrils simple ; male peduncles many-flowered ; calycine seg- ments narrow, acute; 'fruit unknown. %. H. Native of the kingdom of Tunis, in hedges. Corolla campanulate, spreadingly 5-cleft, twice the size of that of B. alba. Acute-lohed Bryony. PI. cl. 47 B. variega'ta (Mill, diet.) leaves palmate, with lanceolate segments, which are dotted above and smooth beneath. 1/ . S. Native of America. Fruit ovate, scattered. Variegated Bryony. PI. cl. 48 B. macrophy'lla (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 308 ) stem thick, striated ; leaves cordate, lobed ; angles cut ; lobes toothed ; petioles long ; male flowers large, racemose, on long peduncles : female ones solitary, pedunculate ; fruit oblong, pilose. % . S. Native country unknown. Leaves large, size of those of the common vine. Large-leaved Bryony. PI. cl. * * * Leaves palmate. 49 B. racemosa (Mill. diet, and Swartz, prod. 116. fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 1148.) lower leaves rather palmate, upper ones 8- lobed and undivided ; segments of the leaves ovate ; flowers racemose; pedicels rather secund ; fruit oval. 11 . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo, in woods and hedges. — Plum, amer. 83. t. 97. Root oblong, fleshy. Flowers yellowish. Racemose-d owered Bryony. PI. cl. 50 B. pinnatifida (Burch, cat. geogr. no. 2098. voy. 1. p. 547.) leaves ternately pedate, with pinnatifid lobes, and linear and oblong, obtuse, veinless segments. TJ. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pinnatifd-leaved Bryony. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. cl. 51 B. xenuifolia (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in hot. misc. 3. p. 234.) leaves 3-parted ; segments bipinnatifid ; female peduncles solitary, simple, equal in length to the petioles ; fruit oval, smooth, 2-seeded. %. G. Native of Chili, in the Pampas, in the province of Cordova ; and in sandy places near Santa Fe, and also of Buenos Ayres. The vernacular name of the plant is Agi del Torvo. Fine-leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 52 B. LAt'vts (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves cordate, palmate, serrated, smooth ; flowers axillary, rather umbellate. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Smooth Bryony. PI. cl. 53 B. palma'ta (Lin. spec. 1438.) leaves cordate, palmate, smooth, 5-parted, with lanceolate, repandly serrated segments, lateral segments the shortest ; fruit large, globose. 'Vr. S. Na- tive of Ceylon. Palmate- leaved Bryony. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1778. PI. cl. 54 B. ? Garcini (Willd. spec. 4. p. 623.) leaves palmately 5- parted, with roundish-obovate, toothed lobes, scabrous above ; stipulas, (probably bracteas,) kidney-shaped and ciliated. % . S. VOL. III. Native of Ceylon. Burm. fl. ind. 311. t. 57. f. 3. Sicyos Garcini, Lin. mant. 297. Perhaps a species of Mombrdica. Garcin’s Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. cl. 55 B. alceasfolia (Willd. 1. c. p. 624.) leaves palmately 5- parted : with linear-lanceolate, 3-parted lobes, having scabrous margins; tendrils simple ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. 1£.S. Native of the East Indies. Hollyhock-leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 56 B. laciniosa (Lin. spec. 624.) leaves palmately 5-parted, cordate, rough, and blistered : with oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated segments ; petioles muricated ; peduncles 1 -flowered, muricated ; corollas hairy inside, or tomentose, but smooth on the outside ; fruit the size of a cherry, striated with white ; seeds obovate, circled by a longitudinal elevated zone. S. Native of Ceylon. Herm. hort. lugd. 95. t. 97. Aroy-peria- ginge of the Hindoos. Flowers yellow. Jagged-leaved Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. cl. 57 B. ? cucumeroides (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 308.) seeds rusty, transversely oblong, surrounded by a very thick dotted zone. 1£. S. Native country unknown. Cucumeroides, Thunb. ex Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 485. Cucumber-like Bryony. PI. cl. 58 B. Africa'na (Thunb. prod. 13. but not of Lin.) root tuberous ; upper leaves palmately 5-parted ; lobes oblong, deeply toothed ; lower leaves cordate, having the angles toothed. %. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. spec. 4. p. 624. — Herm. par. 107. t. 108. Male flowers in subumbellate panicles. Fruit mucronate. African Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. cl. 59 B. na'na (Lam. diet. 1. p. 497.) stems slender; lower leaves roundish-cordate, quite entire : upper ones deeply 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse. 1(.S. Native of Africa. Dwarf Bryony. PI. cl. 60 B. disse'cta (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 497.) leaves palmately 5-parted : with linear pinnatifid segments, having revolute sca- brous margins; male flowers? umbellate; fruit solitary, roundish, mucronate, bluntly angular, yellow ; seeds 3-4. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. spec. 4. p. 625. B. Africana, Lin. spec. 1438. Flowers white ? Probably distinct from the preceding species. Dissected- leaved Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. cl. 61 B. digita'ta (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves digitate: with linear 2-lobed scabrous segments ; flowers umbellate. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Digitate- leaved Bryony. PI. cl. 62 B. Wallichia'na (Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 309.) stem filiform, striated ; leaves nearly sessile, sagittate, rugged from warts ; terminal lobe lanceolate-linear, very long, some- what denticulated ; lateral lobes oblong, reflexed, remotely den- ticulated ; male flowers in fascicles, numerous, on short pe- duncles ; fruit unknown. 1/. G. Native of Nipaul. B. fili- formis, Roxb. Wallich’s Bryony. PI. cl. Cult. The hardy perennial species are plants of easy culture, only requiring to be planted in the ground. The stove peren- nial species should be grown in pots, and the stems trained up the rafters. The seeds of annual kinds require to be sown in a hot- bed in spring, and when the plants are of sufficient size may be planted out in a sheltered situation. All the species are pro- pagated by seeds. None of them are worth growing, except in botanic gardens. X. STCYOS (from oikvoc, sicyos, the Greek name for the cucumber; resemblance and affinity). Lin. gen. no. 1481. Juss. gen. no. 394. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 45. t. 88. f. 1. Sicyoides, Tourn. inst. 103. t. 28. F 34 CUCURBITACEjE. X. Sicyos. XI. Elaterium. Lin. syst. Moncecia, Polyadelphia. Flowers monoecious ; male ones with a 5-toothed calyx, and a 5-parted corolla ; teeth of calyx subulate. Filaments 3 ? or more probably 5, in 3 bundles. Female flowers with a trifid style, and a thickish trifid stigma. Fruit 1-seeded from abortion, usually beset with spines. Seed obovate. Male and female peduncles many-flowered, usually rising together from the same axillae. 1 S. anguea'tus (Lin. spec. 1438.) leaves cordate, angular, denticulated, scabrous ; lobes 3-5, acuminated ; tendrils umbel- late ; male flowers in corymbose heads, each head on a long common peduncle ; female flowers sessile, in bundles at the tops of the peduncles ; fruit ovate, spinescent, and tomentose ; seeds truncate at the base, and very blunt at the apex. ©. F. Native of North America. Lam. ill. t. 796. f. 2. — Dill. elth. 58. t. 51. f. 59. Flowers sulphur-coloured. Fruit beset with yellow spines, and curling tomentum. Angular-\ea.ved Single-seeded Cucumber. FI. June, July. Clt. 1710. Pl.tr. 2 S. bryoni^ef6lius (Moris, hort. taur. sem. 1831.) leaves cor- date and angular, denticulated, hispid below ; teeth of calyx ob- solete ; capsule clammy and warted. S. Native country unknown. This species differs from S. angulatus and S. parvi- Jldrus in the stem being hardly pilose about the joints, the rest smooth ; in the peduncles being short, the flowers umbellate ; male ones 5-8 pedicellate, female ones almost sessile. Bryony-leaved Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. cl. 3 S. parviflorus (Willd. spec. 4. p. 626.) branches glabrous; leaves cordate, rather angular, denticulated, roughish ; tendrils trifid ; male flowers racemose, on long pedicels : female ones in sessile capitate umbels ; fruit crowned by the permanent calyx, size of an orange ; seeds unknown. ©. F. Native in the tem- perate parts of mountains about Quito, near Chillo, at the height of 4000 feet. Not of Mexico, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 119. Flowers whitish. Fruit rarely solitary. Small-flowered Single-seeded Cucumber. FI. June, Sep. Clt. 1823. PI. cl. 4 S. Baderoa (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 234.) leaves cordate, angular, minutely denticulated, glabrous on both sur- faces ; angles acuminated ; lobes at the base of the leaf lying over each other ; tendrils trifid ; flowers few, capitate in both sexes ; female peduncles one-half shorter than the male ones ; fruit ovate while young. 7/. w. G. Native about Valpa- raiso. Baderoa bryoniaefolia, Bertero. Badero's Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. cl. 5 S. penta'ndrus (Wall. cat. no. 6682.) leaves cordate, denti- culated ; flowers racemose ; racemes numerous, sometimes ag- gregate, and branched. T? . S. Native of the East Indies. Pentandrous Single-seeded Cucumber. Shrub cl. 6 S. De'ppei ; leaves broadly cordate, 7-lobed; lobes acumi- nated, middle lobe the longest ; margins acutely denticulated, rough on both surfaces from conical hairs ; male racemes elon- gated ; fruit glomerate, ovate, nearly glabrous, but beset with strong retrograde prickles. ©. S. Native of Mexico, near Jalapa. Flowers smaller than those of S. angulatus, but larger than those of S. parviflorus. Sicyos, nov. spec. Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. vol. 5. p. 88. Seeds the size of those of Citrus medica. Deppe's Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. tr. 7 S. acu'tus (Rafin, fl. lud. p. 113.) climbing; leaves lobed ; fruit glomerate, ovate, acute, bristly ; bristles echinated, interwoven. ©.F. Native of Louisiana. z/cwte-fruited Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. cl. 8 S. microphyllus (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 2. p. 119.) branches roughish; leaves sinuately-cordate, 7-lobed, denticulated, roughish ; tendrils smoothish, trifid ; male flowers on long peduncles and pedicels ; female flowers in crowded, 8 nearly sessile heads ; fruit echinated from bristle-formed hairs, size of an apple seed ; seeds unknown. ©. F. Native of Mexico, on the burning Mount Jorullo, at the height of 1 620 feet. Small-leaved Single-seeded Cucumber. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1823. PI. tr. 9 S. pachyca'rpus (Hook, et Arnott, in Beech, bot. p. 83.) branches glabrous ; leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed, denticulated, gla- brous above and papillose, scabrous beneath ; tendrils glabrous, trifid ; male flowers in panicles ; female ones in crowded heads ; fruit ovate, rostrate, unarmed. ©. F. Native of the Island of Oahu, on the Diamond Hill among the volcanic rocks. Allied to S. microphyllus. Thick-fruited Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. prostrate. 10 S. vitifolius (Willd. spec. 4. p. 626.) the whole plant clothed with very fine clammy down ; leaves cordate, with a roundish recess, 5-lobed, toothed. ©. F. Native country un- known. Flowers yellow, twice the size of those of S. angulatus. Vine-leaved Single-seeded Cucumbers. Clt. ? PI. tr. 1 1 S. lacinia'tus (Lin. spec. 1459.) stem glabrous ; leaves cor- date, palmate, glabrous above, but echinated from stiff hairs be- neath ; lobes lobulate ; petioles short ; tendrils trifid ; male flowers somewhat panicled : female ones glomerate, sessile ; pe- duncles short; fruit very spiny. ©. F. Native of South America. — Plum. ed. Burm. pi. amer. t. 243. Flowers yellow. Jagged leaved Single-seeded Cucumber. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. tr. 12 S. triqueter (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 309.) stem bluntly furrowed ; leaves cordate, 5- lobed ; lobes broad, obtuse, somewhat denticulated ; tendrils much branched ; calycine and corolline lobes 3 ? male flowers racemose, pedunculate, aggregately subverticillate ; female flowers subumbellate ; fruit elongated, unarmed, triquetrous ; seed oblong-cylindrical. ©. F. Native of Mexico, in Chil- appa. Flowers yellow. Fruit 6 lines long, acuminated, some- what 3-winged. Triyuetrous-hmted. Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. tr. Cult. Sow the seeds in the hot-bed in spring, and treat the plants as directed for Gourds, p. 42. Not worth growing ex- cept for curiosity. XI. ELATE'RIUM (from e\aryp, elater, an impeller ; in re- ference to the elastic seed vessels). Lin. gen. no. 1398. Juss. gen. p. 394. Jacq. amer. 241. t. 154. D. C. prod. 3. p. 310. — Momordica, Neck. elem. bot. no. 390. Lin. syst. Monce cia, Monadelphia. Flowers monoecious, white or yellow ; male ones disposed in racemes or corymbs ; calyx petaloid, campanulate, with hardly conspicuous teeth, and with the corolla hardly gamopetalous. Female flowers solitary, or rising from the same axils with the males. Calyx elon- gated, petaloid, echinated at the base, and girding the carpels ; neck filiform, more or less elongated, at length dilated, and bearing the corolla and stamens. Style thick ; stigma capitate. Capsule coriaceous, reniform, echinated, 1 -celled, 2-3-valved, many-seeded, opening elastically, and ejecting the seeds. 1 E. gemellum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) leaves cordately sub- sagittate, somewhat 5-angled, with the middle angle acuminated ; tendrils bifid ; male flowers in long racemes ; neck of calyx long, campanulate ; petals ovate, acutish ; fruit curved, 3- celled ; prickles distant. ©. F. Native of Mexico. Moc. et Sess. fl. mex. icon. ined. 7wm-tendrilled Squirting Cucumber. PI. cl. 2 E. Carthagene'nse (Lin. spec. 1375.) leaves cordate, an- gular, denticulated, petiolate, rougbish above ; flowers white, sweet-scented : male ones in panicles : female ones solitary ; tube of calyx terete above the ovarium, not dilated at the apex ; petals linear-lanceolate, acute ; fruit kidney-shaped, hispid ; CUCURBITACEiE. XI. Elaterium. XII. Momordica. seeds winged? flat, tridentate at the base, ex Kunth. ©• F. Native of South America, in the hot regions of the province of Caraccas, on the shore of Lake Tacarigna, in Laguna de Valencia ; and in the Island of Cura, at the height of 690 feet. Lam. ill. t. 743. Jacq. amer. 241. t. 154. icon. pict. p. 118. t. 232. Co- rolla yellow. Fruit size of an olive. Carthagenian Squirting Cucumber. FI. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. cl. 3 E. tamnoides (Willd. enum. p. 950.) leaves cordate, acu- minated, remotely serrated, smoothish above, and hairy beneath; flowers yellowish ; female flowers having the tube of the calyx campanulate above the ovarium ; petals 4-7, ovate ; style very short ; stigma large, flat ; fruit 2-valved, few-seeded ; seeds un- known. ©. F. Native of Mexico. E. hastatum, Brouss. but not of H. B. et Kunth. Tamus-like Squirting Cucumber. FI. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. tr. 4 E. hasta'tum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 120.) leaves cordately sinuated, triangularly hastate, acuminated, den- ticulated, rather scabrous above, and glabrous beneath ; tendrils simple or bifid ; male flowers racemose, pedicellate, minute ; fruit oblong, reniform, muricated, 2-valved, size of an olive ; seeds 6, roundish, compressed, tridentate at the base. ©. F. Native of Mexico, on the declivities of the burning Mount Jorullo, and the temperate regions near Patzcuara, at the height of 1620 or 3390 feet. Habit of Melolhria pendula, according to Kunth. Hastate- leaved Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr. 5 E. quabrifidum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) stem, peduncles, petioles, and tendrils downy ; leaves cordate, orbicular, 7-angled ; tendrils bifid, pilose ; male flowers umbellate ; calyx long, tubular, articulated towards the base, and dilated at the apex, with the limb hardly evident ; petals 4, linear-lanceolate, acute ; female flowers hardly pedunculate, like the male ones ; style fili- form, crowned by an ovate stigma; fruit very pilose. ©. F. Native of Mexico. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers white. Quadrifid Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr. 6 E. brachysta'chyum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) leaves 3- lobed, quite entire, ciliated : middle lobe oblong, acuminated ; flowers cream-coloured ; male ones in spikes ; tube of calyx campanulate at the apex ; female flowers with a very gibbous hispid calyx, and a short neck, which is campanulate at the apex; capsule oblique, incurved, echinated with 8-10 long soft prickles, 2-3-valved, larger than those of the other species. ©. F. Native of Mexico. Short-spiked Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr. 7 E. torqua'tum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) leaves somewhat peltately cordate, 5-lobed, denticulated ; terminal lobe the longest, and acuminated ; tendrils trifid; flowers greenish-white ; males ones in racemes : female ones solitary, echinated at the base, with the neck long and bell-shaped at the apex ; petals oblong, bluntish ; capsule oblong, 2-valved, acuminated, echi- nated, with soft prickles. ©. F. Native of Mexico. Fl. mex. icon. ined. Collared Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr. 8 E. trifolia'tum (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 47.) leaves ternate, cut. ©. F. Native of Virginia. Trifoliate-leaved Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr. Cult. Sow the seeds in a hot-bed in spring, and put the plants out as directed for Gourds, p. 42. XII. MOMO RDICA (from mordeo, to bite ; the seeds have the appearance of being bitten). Lin. gen. no. 1477. Juss. gen. 395. Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 48. t. 88. f. 4. D. C. prod. 3. p. 311. — Elaterium and Sicyos species of authors. — Amordica, Neck. 35 elem. bot. no. 392. — Poppya, Neck. 1. c. no. 391. — Ecbalium, Rich. Lin. syst. Monce'cia, Polyadelphia. Flowers monoecious, white or yellow, on filiform unibracteate peduncles, perhaps always. Male flowers with a 5-cleft calyx, and a very short tube. Corolla 5-parted. Stamens in 3 bundles ; anthers con- nate. Female flowers with 3 sterile filaments, or probably 5, joined in 3 bundles, a trifid style, and a 3-celled ovarium. Fruit usually muricated, (perhaps always) opening elastically at matu- rity, and expelling the seeds. Seeds compressed, reticulated, perhaps always. 1 M. Balsa'mea (Lin. spec. 1453.) leaves palmately 5-lobed, toothed, glabrous, shining ; fruit roundish-ovate, attenuated at both ends, angular, tuberculated, orange-coloured, splitting ir- regularly and laterally ; bractea cordate, toothed, in the middle of the peduncle ; aril red. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Lam. ill. t. 794. f. 1. Charantia, Lob. pempt. t. 670. — Ludvo. ect. t. 127. — Blackw. herb. 6. t. 539. a. b. Flowers yellow. This plant is famous in Syria for curing wounds. They cut open the unripe fruit, and infuse it in sweet oil, and expose it to the sun for some days until the oil becomes red. It is applied to a fresh wound on cotton. The Syrians esteem this next to balsam of Mecca. The plant is also used to form arbours or bowers. Balsam Apple. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1568. PI. cl. 2 M. murica'ta (Willd. spec. 4. p. 602.) leaves somewhat palmately 7-lobed, cordate at the base ; lobes remotely toothed, acuminated ; tendrils almost simple ; fruit ovate, acuminated, muricated ; bractea cordate, quite entire. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Pavel, Rheed. mal. 8. t. 10. Muricated Momordica. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl.tr. 3 M. Chara'ntia (Lin. spec. 1438.) leaves somewhat pal- mately 7-lobed, dentate, rather hairy ; tendrils downy; fruit ob- long, acuminated, angular, tuberculated, copper-coloured or red; pulp yellow and soft ; bractea cordate, quite entire, below the middle of the pedicel ; seeds oblong, tuberculated (ex Rumph) ; arillus of a reddish blood-colour. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2455. — Rheed. mal. 8. p. 17. t. 9. Papareh of the Hindoos. Corolla yellow. Seeds wrinkled very irregularly, yellow bay-coloured, and irregularly tubercled towards the margin. Allied to the preceding species, but very distinct. Far. /3, abbreviata (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 311.) fruit shorter than that of the species, very ventricose, beset with acute tubercles. M. Zeylanica, Mill. diet. 3. ex Lam. diet. 4. p. 239. Charantia or Hairy Momordica. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1710. PI. cl. 4 M. Roxburghia'na ; downy ; leaves cordate, palmately 7-9-lobed, and lobately toothed ; tendrils simple ; peduncles 1- flowered, solitary, bearing a bractea under each flower ; fruit long, muricated. ©. H. Native of the East Indies, in Patna. M. charantia / 3 of authors. M . muricata, Roxb. but not of Willd. Roxburgh’s Momordica. PI. tr. 5 M. Senegale'nsis (Lam. diet. 4. p. 239.) leaves deeply palmate, somewhat serrated, pale and villous beneath ; fruit ovate, mucronate, tubercular, orange-coloured or red. ©. F. Native of Senegal. Senegal Momordica. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. cl. 6 M. cvli'ndrica (Lin. spec. 1433.) stem 5-angled ; leaves cordate, somewhat lobate, angular, toothed ; flowers yellow ; fruit cylindrical, very long, rather villous, reticulated ; bractea quite entire at the base of the pedicel ; seeds black. ©. F. Native of Ceylon and China. Willd. spec. 4. p. 605. The fruit of the species, according to Rumphius, does not open elastically, being composed of so many reticulated tough fibres. Cylindrical-f ruited Momordica. PI. tr. f 2 36 CUCURBITACEiE. XII. Momordica. 7 M. Heynea'na (Wall. cat. no. 6744.) leaves 3-lobed, mu- cronately denticulated ; peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary, furnished each with a large bractea under the flower, which encloses it before expansion; tendrils simple. ©.? F. Native of the East Indies. Flowers large. Heyne’s Momordica. PI. tr. 8 M. subangula'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 928.) leaves deeply cor- date, acuminated, rather angular, mucronulately denticulated, scabrous above ; flowers dioecious ; bractea cordate, quite en- tire at the top of the peduncle. ©. F. Native of Java, on Mount Salak, where it is called by the natives Aroy Gambas. Allied to M. cylindrica and M. dioica. The inflorescence of this plant agrees with the figure in Rumph. amb. 5. t. 150. ex Blume. Fruit fibrous. Angular- leaved Momordica. PI. cl. 9 M. Pai'na (Hamilt. ex Wall. cat. no. 6742.) leaves cordate, triangular or hastate, sometimes lobed at the base, acuminated at the apex, coarsely toothed ; tendrils simple ; female peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary ; male ones racemose ; racemes aggregate; fruit round, beset with a few scattered prickles. ©. F. Native of the East Indies, in Goyalpara. Paina Momordica. PI. tr. 10 M. tubiflora (Roxb. ex Wall. cat. 6749.) plant w-hite from down ; leaves round, angularly and roundly lobed, cordate at the base; tendrils simple; fruit oblong, acuminated, ribbed; peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary, bracteate. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Tube-Jlowered Momordica. PI. tr. 11 M. pu'rgans (Mart, reise. bras, ex Linnaea. vol. 5. p.40.) stems angular, climbing, clothed with resinous farina at top ; leaves ovate-orbicular, acuminated, with a roundish recess, cor- date, obsoletely 5-lobed, denticulated ; male corymbs erect, axillary ; female flowers solitary, axillary, drooping ; fruit ob- long, crested longitudinally from warts. ©. F. Native of Brazil. Purging Momordica. PI. cl. 12 M. opercula'ta (Lin. spec. 1433.) leaves 5-lobed, toothed ; fruit elliptic, angular, tuberculated, operculated by a deciduous beak. ©. F. Native of America. Comm. rar. 22. t. 22. ex Lin. and Willd. spec. 4. p. 603. This plant is pro- bably referrible to the genus Liiffa. The top falling off from the fruit when it is green. Zid-fruited Momordica. FI. June, Sep. Clt. 1731. PI. cl. 13 M. elate'rium (Lin. spec. 1434.) plant scabrous, hispid, and glaucescent ; stems dwarf, without tendrils ; leaves cordate, somewhat lobed, crenate-toothed, very rugged, on long petioles; fruit ovate, obtuse, hispid, and scabrous, on long peduncles ; seeds bay-coloured. 1£.F. or©. H. Native of the south of Europe. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1914. — Blackw. herb. t. 108. Woodv. med. bot. t. 43. Elaterium cordifolium, Mcench. meth. p. 563. Ec- balium L. C. Rich. Root thick. Flowers yellow. Fruit green, expelling the seeds when ripe. Perhaps a proper genus. Dr. Clutterbuck has lately ascertained that the active principle of wild cucumber is contained almost exclusively in the juice around the seeds, and that genuine elaterium is the matter which subsides spontaneously from the juice obtained without pressure. He found that the eighth part of a grain thus prepared seldom failed to purge violently, and of this according to Dr. Barry, from 55 to 64 per cent, only were soluble in alcohol of 0-809. The bitter principle found in it is not in itself purgative, but quickens the action of elatin when combined with it. Elatin is a new principle obtained by Dr. Barry of a green colour ; it is purgative in very minute quantities. In medicine a few grains of elaterium operates as a drastic purgative, and was sometimes used in dropsies. It is high priced, and seldom used, though recommended by Dr. Ferriar. Elaterium or Common Squirting Cucumber. FI. June, July. Clt. 1548. PI. tr. 14 M. ? Lambertia'na (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 311.) his- pid ; stems prostrate, flexuous ; tendrils nearly simple ; leaves cordate-roundish, 5-lobed, denticulated, scabrous; petioles short; flowers ? fruit solitary, elliptic, pilose ; peduncles short, hispid. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Ecbalium L. C. Rich. Allied to M. elaterium, but distinct. Lambert's Momordica. PI. tr. 15 M. echina'ta (Muhl. ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 605.) leaves cordate, with 5 lobed angles ; lobes acuminated, quite entire, glabrous; tendrils multifid; fruit roundish, 4-seeded, echinated by bristles. ©. H. Native of the western parts of Pennsyl- vania, near the river Ohio. Sicyos lobata, Michx. amer. 2. p. 217. Fruit roundish, size of a gooseberry, beset with long su- bulate bristles, very like those of Sicyos, but 4-seeded. Flowers yellow. Echinated- fruited Momordica. PI. tr. 16 M. dioIca (Roxb. ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 605.) stem an- gular, climbing ; leaves cordate, acuminated, toothed, glabrous on both surfaces ; tendrils filiform ; flowers dioecious ; female ones solitary; fruit elliptic, muricated. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Zhoeciows-flowered Momordica. PI. cl. 17 M. reniger a (Wall. cat. no. 6743.) leaves cordate, dentate or distantly and mucronately denticulated ; peduncles long, 1- flowered, solitary, furnished each with a kidney-shaped hooded bractea, just below the flower; tendrils simple. If.. S. Native of the Burman Empire, about Prome. Kidney-bearing Momordica. PI. cl. 18 M. Hamiltonia'na (Wall. cat. no. 6748.) leaves cordate, toothed, crenated, acuminated; bractea toothed ; peduncles 1- flowered, solitary; tendrils simple; fruit hispid. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, in Goyapara and Gongachora. Flowers large. Hamilton’s Momordica. PI. cl. 19 M. bi'color (Blum, bijdr. p. 928.) leaves deeply cordate, somewhat 5-angled, bluntish, glabrous, mucronately denticu- lated, w’ith rather strigose margins (when dry dotted above), glandular beneath ; flowers dioecious, pedunculate, axillary, usually 3-together ; fruit oblong, glabrous, variegated with red. ©. F. Native of Java, in calcareous soil near Kuripan, where it is called Aroy Pupassang by the natives. Nearly allied to M. dioica. Var. a ; base of leaves deeply cordate. Native of the Mo- luccas. Far. ft ; leaves cordately 3-lobed ; lateral lobes angular. Native of Java, on Mount Parang. Two-colour ed-{ ruited Momordica. PI. tr. or cl. 20 M. aculea'ta (Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 723.) stem slender, climbing; leaves palmately pedate, with 5-7 dentately lobed seg- ments, having white scattered dots above, but with the nerves and petioles beset with short prickles beneath ; petioles and middle nerves clothed with rough reflexed hairs ; male flowers racemose, on long peduncles ; female flowers solitary, hardly pedunculate ; fruit subglobose, glabrous, size of a pea. ©. F. Native country unknowm. Prickly Momordica. PI. cl. 21 M. iiy'strix (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 234.) leaves 5-lobed, glabrous, smooth, somewhat cuneated at the base ; lobes mucronate, denticulated, middle lobe the longest ; tendrils simple ; male and female flowers rising from the same axils : male ones disposed in racemes : female ones soli- tary, pedunculate ; fruit oblique, ovate, echinated with strong bristles. ©. F. Native of Buenos Ayres. Porcupine Momordica. PI. tr. CUCURBITACEvE. XIII. Neorosperma. XIV. Sechium. XV. Melothria. XVI. Trichosanthes. 37 22 M. lana'ta (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves ternately pinna- tifid, scabrous; fruit woolly. ©. F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Woolly-f ruited Momordica. PI. cl. 23 M. ? sicyoides (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 312.) stems twin- ing, terete ; tendrils simple ; leaves triangularly cordate, some- what 5-lobed, serrulated ; female flowers pedunculate, solitary ; calyx ovate, pilose, with narrow linear segments ; fruit ovate mucronate, very pilose, of a yellowish orange-colour at matu- rity; seeds subglobose. ©. F. Native of China — Braan. icon, chin. t. 12. Sicyos-like Momordica. PI. tw. 24 M. spica'ta (Lin. mss. ex Smith in Rees’ cycl. vol. 23.) stems furrowed, rugged; leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, undulated, rugged from tubercles ; male flowers racemose ; racemes on long peduncles ; tube of calyx very long ; bracteas dilated, toothed, scabrous ; female flowers solitary, on short peduncles ; seeds elliptic, furrowed, hispid. ©. F. Native country unknown. zS/.t&e-flowered Momordica. PI. cl. Cult. M. Elaterium and M. Lamhertiana being hardy, their seeds should be sown in the open border. The seeds of the rest of the species should be sown on a hot-bed in spring, and the plants planted out afterwards as directed for Gourds, p. 42. XIII. NEUROSPERMA (from vevpov, neuron, a nerve, and (ncepya, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the seeds, which are reticulated with anastomosing nerves). Rafin. in journ. phys. et chim. 1819. p. 101. Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 144. D. C. prod. 3. p. 312. Lin. syst. Monce'cia, Monadelphia. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers with a 5-parted calyx : and a 5-parted corolla, having an undulated erose margin. Stamens 5, diadelphous, having a gland alternating with each fascicle ; one of the fascicles bearing 2 anthers, the other trigonal, and bearing 3 anthers. Anthers sessile, stellate. Female flowers with a parted corolla and calyx. Ovarium inferior, beset with 8 series of warts. Style trifid, girded by 3 glands at the base ; stigmas 2-lobed. Fruit fleshy, 3-celled, but when mature 1 -celled, 3-9-seeded. Seeds girded by mucilaginous red aril, flat, nerved, with anasto- mosing veins, and a rugged edge. Perhaps a proper genus. 1 N. cuspida'ta (Rafin. 1. c.) Native of Kentucky, North America. Perhaps the same as Momordica balsamea ? Cuspidate Neurosperma. PI. tr. Cult. See Sicyos p. 34. for culture and propagation. XIV. SE'CHIUM (from >• S Native of Brazil. Far. y, geminifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, hardly cor- date at the base ; branches triangular ; pedicels twin, f? . S. Native of Jamaica. P. capsularis, Smith in Rees’ cycl. no. 22. Capsular Passion-flower. FI. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 43 P. biflora (Lam. diet. 1. no. 36.) leaves glabrous, glan- dular beneath, cordate at the base, 3-nerved, truncate, some- what 2 or 3-lobed ; petioles short, glandless ; pedicels twin. T? . v_/. S. Native of the West India Islands, and South America, P. lun&ta, Smith, icon. pict. t. 1. Ker, bot. reg. 577. P. Ves- pertilio, Lawr. pass. t. 8. Flowers white ; rays of crown yel- low. The Mexican plant differs in the leaves being roundly cuneated at the base, not cordate, and in the lobes being less divaricate. Two-flowered Passion-flower. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. cl. 44 P. Leschenau'ltii (D. C. prod. 3. p. 326.) leaves semi- orbicular at the base, somewhat truncate at the apex, tricuspi- date, pubescent on the nerves beneath, glandless ; petioles bi- glandular in the middle ; peduncles twin, 1-flowered. 7? . S. Native of the East Indies, among the Neelgherry Mountains, where it is called by the inhabitants covaymonkou. Bryonia tri- cuspidata, Lesch. herb. Flowers unknown. Leschenault’s Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 45 P. Andersonii (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, cuneately-rounded at the base, 3-nerved, truncate at the apex, sublimate ; petioles long, glandless ; pedicels twin, hardly longer than the petioles. T? . S. Native of the Island of St. Lucia. Flowers party-coloured. Anderson' s Passion-flower. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1823. Sh. cl. 46 P. Ro'hrii (D. C. 1. c.) leaves nearly glabrous, ovate, somewhat truncate at the base, 3-nerved, blunt and somewhat 3-lobed at the apex ; petioles biglandular, rather velvety ; pedi- cels solitary. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne. Rohr's Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 47 P. penduliflora (Bert, in herb. Balb. ex D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, roundly obovate, 3-nerved, glandular beneath ; nerves extending beyond the border of the leaf ; petioles gland- less ; peduncles solitary or twin, much longer than the petioles, pendulous, bracteolate beneath the middle. . v^). S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. Flowers pale : threads of crown few and glandular. Pendidous-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 48 P. hemicy'cla (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 225.) leaves gla- brous, glaucous and glandular beneath, 3-nerved at the base, semicircular, somewhat 3-lobed at the apex ; petioles pubescent, glandless ; pedicels twin, shorter than the petioles. T? . v_y. S. Native of Guiana, about Essequibo ; and of Trinidad. Flowers white. Half-circular-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1817. Shrub cl. 49 P. vespertilio (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 223. t. 10. fill.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, 1 -nerved, cuneated at the base, divaricately 2-lobed, rarely somewhat 3-lobed ; petioles very short, glandless ; pedicels solitary. T? . v_y. S. Native of South America. — Dill. hort. elth. t. 137. f. 164. Flowers white, small. Bat-wing-leaved Passion-flower. FI. May, June. Clt. 1732. Shrub cl. 50 P. retu'sa (Hook, et Arnott, in bot. misc. 3. p. 235.) leaves smoothish, higlandular beneath, cuneated at the base, or rounded, 3-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes mucronulate, middle one truncate, lateral ones divaricate, prolonged ; petioles glandless ; peduncles solitary, exceeding the petioles. S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the Uraguay ; and at Santa Borga. Closely allied to P. vespertilio. Retuse-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 51 P. Maximilia'na (Bory, ann. gen. 1819. vol. 2. p. 149. t. 24.) leaves glabrous, divaricately 2-lobed, drawn out a little in the middle, somewhat cordate at the base, red and biglan- dular beneath ; petioles glandless ; pedicels solitary or twin, longer than the petioles. 7? . S. Native of Brazil. P. dis- color, Link et Otto, abh. 1. p. 13. t. 5. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 565. P. vespertilio, Ker, bot. reg. t. 597. This plant differs from P. vespertilio in the leaves being cordate at the base, not cuneated, blood-coloured beneath ; and in the pedicels being three or four times longer. Flowers greenish ; crown white. Prince Maximilian's Passion-flower. FI. May, June. Clt. 1800. Shrub cl. 52 P. Jorulle'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 133.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, semiorbicular at the base, 3-nerved, truncate at the apex, 2-lobed ; petioles puberu- H VOL. III. 50 PASSIFLORE7E. III. Passiflora. lous and glandless ; pedicels twin. ^ • w S. Native of Mexico, on the burning Mount Jorullo. Flowers greenish ? Jorullo Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 53 P. sicyoides (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. vol. 5. p. 88.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed, sharply subdentate or quite entire, glaucous beneath, hairy, biglandular in the recesses, smooth- ish above ; lobes triangularly acuminated, middle lobe the longest ; petioles hairy, biglandular in the middle ; glands large, clavate ; stipulas half ovate, cuspidately acuminated ; peduncles twin ; bracteas filiform, small, approximating the flower. T? . S. Native of Mexico, in woods near Jalapa. Flowers pale. Habit of Brydnia. Sicyos-like Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 54 P. oblonga'ta (Swartz, prod. p. 97.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, oblong, rounded at the base, 3-nerved, 3- lobed at the apex ; petioles glandless ; pedicels solitary. . w. S. Native of Jamaica, among bushes. P. elongata, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 839. Oblong- leaved Passion-flower. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub cl. 55 P. lyra:f6i,ia (Tuss. ant. t. 4.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, ovate at the base, 3-nerved, 3-lobed at the apex ; lobes straight, acuminated, middle lobe small ; petioles glandless ; pe- dicels solitary or twin. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, on Mount St. George. Probably sufficiently distinct from the preceding and following species. Lyre-leaved Passion-flower. FI. Ju. July. Clt. 1816. Sb. cl. 56 P. tuberosa (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 496.) leaves gla- brous, glandular beneath, rounded at the base, 3-nerved, 3- lobed at the apex ; lobes oblong, acute, middle lobe very small ; petioles glandless; pedicels twin; branches of root tuberous. S. Native of South America. Ker, hot. reg. t. 432. P. punctata, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 110. Lower leaves usually painted with white on the upper surface. Flowers greenish white ; outer crown green at the base, tipped with purple and white. Style purple. Tuberous -rooted Passion-flow-er. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1810. Shrub cl. 57 P. rotundifolia (Lin. 1. c. p. 235.) leaves rather glandu- lar, velvety beneath, nearly orbicular, 3-nerved, 3-lobed ; pe- tioles glandless ; pedicels twin ; berries globose, hairy. 1) . S. Native of the Antilles. Plum. icon. amer. t. 138. f. 1. Cav. diss. t. 290. Flowers whitish. Var. /3, Jacquini (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous beneath ; pedi- cels solitary ; leaflets of involucrum ovate. lj. S. Native of Carthagena, in the woods. P. rotundifolia, Jacq. obs. t. 46. f. 1. Petals whitish ; rays of crown yellow. Var. y, Swdrtzii (D. C. prod. 3. p. 327.) leaves glabrous be- neath ; berry ovate, glabrous. ^ . w. S. Native of the south of Jamaica. P. rotundifolia, Swartz, obs. p. 337. Flowers greenish. Round-leaved Passion-flower. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1779. Shrub cl. 58 P. alnifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 136.) leaves puberulous beneath, glandular, ovate, roundly truncate at the base, 3-nerved, roundly 3-lobed at the apex ; middle lobe emarginate ; petioles glandless, and are, as well as the pedicels, downy, and twin ; berries spherical, glabrous. . ^. S. Na- tive of South America, on Mount Quindiu, at the river Cuello. Flowers large. A Ider-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 59 P. obscu'ra ; leaves 3-lobed, somewhat cordate, truncate, velvety : lateral lobes divaricate : intermediate one obsolete, emarginate ; petals emarginate, shorter than the calyx ; tube of calyx rotate, depressed ; inner crown pubescent, plicate, lying on the base of the stipe, in the disc, outer crown radiate ; ovarium vil- 8 lous. J? . S. Native of the north-eastern coast of South America, but in what place we gathered it is now forgotten. Flowers small, pale green, with a downy pedicel : the inner crown is downy and purple : the outer crown has its lower half purple, and its upper white. This species seems to come nearest to P. alnifolia of Bonpland. Obscure Passion-flower. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1823. Sh. cl. 60 P. mo'llis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 137.) leaves canes- cent beneath, glandular, ovate-cordate at the base, 3-nerved, 3- lobed at the apex : lateral lobes very small ; petioles glandless, and are, as well as the pedicels, pubescent ; pedicels twin ; ber- ries globose, puberulous. J? . S. Native of South America, on Mount Quindiu. Flowers not seen. Soft Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 61 P. puncta'ta (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 224. t. 10. f. 12.) leaves glabrous, transversely oval, glandular beneath, 3-nerved at the base, and emarginately cordate, very bluntly 3-lobed at the apex ; petioles glandless ; pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles, tj . G. Native of Peru. Feuill. per. 2. t. 11. Flowers with whitish petals : and violet rays, tipped with yellow. Do^ed-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 62 P. bryonioides (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 140.) leaves his- pid, cordate at the base, 5-nerved, palmately 5-lobed, sharply- toothed ; petioles biglandular at the apex, hairy ; pedicels hairy, twin ; berries elliptic, glabrous. Ij . v_/. S. Native of Mexico, near Santa Rosa. Flowers greenish. Bryony-like Passion-flower. Shrub cl. Sect. VI. Granadilla ( Granadilla or Granadille is the French name of some Passion-flowers, so called from the resemblance of the fruit, in size and colour, to a pomegranate, with this differ- ence, that it is not crowned by the calyx). D. C. in mem. soc. gen. 1. pt. 2. p. 435. prod. 3. p. 327. — Anthactinia, Bory, ann. gen. 2. p. 138. Involucrum 3-leaved under the flower ; leaflets entire or toothed, never jagged. Calyx 10-lobed ; the 5 inner lobes are probably petals. Pedicels 1 -flowered, rising from the same axils as the tendrils, which are simple. * Leaves entire. 63 P. serratifolia (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 217. t. 10. f. 1.) leaves pubescent beneath, ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrulated, feather-nerved ; petioles bearing 4 glands, and are, as well as the pedicels, pubescent. S. Native of South America. Cav. diss. t. 279. Sims, bot. mag. t. 651. Jacq. hort. schoenb. 1. p. 4. t. 10. Mart. dec. 4. t. 36. Flowers with purple petals, and the filaments of the crown pale purple at the base, and from thence bluish. Saw-leaved Passion-flowrer. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1731. Sh. cl. 64 P. ni'tida (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 130.) leaves glabrous, oblong-elliptic, acuminated, serrulated, feather-nerved ; petioles biglandular. T? . S. Native in woods about the Orinoco. Very nearly allied to the preceding species. Flowers about the size of those of P. coerulea, with a reddish calyx : crown with blue filaments, ringed with white. A/immg-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 65 P. guazum;ef6lia (Juss. ann. mus. 6. t. 39. f. 1.) leaves glabrous, ovate-oblong, acuminated, denticulated ; petioles bi- glandular ; crown one-half shorter than the calycine lobes. 1? . S. Native of New Granada, in very hot places. Flowers large, with a whitish calyx. Guazuma-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 66 P. cocci'nea (Aubl. guian. 2. t. 324.) leaves glabrous, ovate, coarsely toothed, acutish ; petioles bearing 4-6 glands ; bracteas ovate, subserrated, velvety. Jj . S. Native of Guiana, where it is also cultivated ; and Maranham, in Brazil. Cav. diss. t. 280. Flowers scarlet, with orange-coloured rays. Fruit full of juicy sweet edible pulp. PASSIFLOREiE. III. Passiflora. 51 Acar/eJ-flowered Passion-flower or Granadilla. FI. June, Nov. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 67 P. vetuti'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 327.) young leaves pu- bescent, at length glabrous, cordate, acutish, sinuately lobed, serrated ; petioles biglandular ; bracteas glandularly serrated. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Allied to P. coccinea. Flowers perhaps red or scarlet. Velvety Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 68 P. glandulosa (Cav. diss. t. 281.) leaves glabrous, ovate, coarsely toothed, acutish ; petioles biglandular ; bracteas entire, biglandular at the base. T? • S. Native of Cayenne. Tac- s6nia glandulosa, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Fruit the size of a hen’s egg. Glandular Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 69 P. mucrona'ta (Lam. diet. 3. p. 33.) leaves glabrous, ovate-cordate, obtuse, entire ; petioles biglandular ; stipulas broad-ovate, awned ; bracteas oblong, serrate-crenated. S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Cav. diss. t. 282. Mucronate-leawed Passion-flower. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 70 P. malifo'rmis (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 220. t. 10. f. 5.) leaves glabrous, ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, acuminated, en- tire ; petioles biglandular ; bracteas ovate, acute, joined at the base, larger than the flower. ^ S. Native of St. Do- mingo, Porto-Rico, &c. Plum. icon. amer. t. 82. Ker, bot. reg. t. 94. Leaves long and broad. Flowers large, sweet-scented, and beautiful, of various shades ; the petals white, and the rays blue ; the outer divisions of flowers are red. This species is called the apple-fruited Granadilla or sweet calabash. The fruit round, smooth, about 2 inches in diameter, of a dingy yel- low-colour when ripe ; the coat is hard and stringy, nearly a quarter of an inch in thickness, full of very agreeable gelatinous pale yellow pulp, which is eaten with wine and sugar. Apple-formed- fruited Passion-flower or Granadilla. FI. July, Nov. Clt. 1731. Shrub cl. 71 P. tillefolia (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 219. t. 10. f. 4.) leaves gla- brous, cordate, entire, acute ; pe- tioles glandless ; stipulas and bracteas entire, oval, acuminated. J? . G. Native of Peru. Feuil. per. 2. t. 12. Flowers red; rays crimson, with a white line. Fruit globose, variegated with red and yellow, containing a sweet watery pulp. (f. 4.) Lime - tree - leaved Passion- flower or Granadilla. FI. June. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. 72 P. SERRAT1ST1PULA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) leaves glabrous, cordate, acute, entire; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipulas and bracteas ovate, acute, serrated. Tj . w. S. Native of Mexico. Fruit edible. Serrate-stipuled Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 73 P. ligula'ris (Juss. ann. mus. 6. t. 40.) leaves glabrous, cordate, acuminated, entire; petioles bearing 4-6 cylindrical glands; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, acuminated; bracteas ovate, entire. fj . S. Native of Peru. Flowers party-coloured. Far. ft, geminiflora (D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) pedicels twin. Native of Caraccas. ZJgwfor-stipuled Passion-flower. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1819. Sh. cl. 74 P. quadrangula'ris (Lin. spec. 1356.) leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, ovate, acuminated ; petioles bearing 4-6 glands ; stipulas ovate, and are, as well as the bracteas, entire ; branches tetragonally winged. 1? . S. Native of Jamaica and South America. Ker, bot. reg. t. 14. — Jacq. amer. t. 143. pict. 218. Flowers highly odoriferous ; calycine lobes white within ; petals of the same shape, red within, and white outside. Crown 5-fold ; outer rays in a double row, longer than the petals, round, white, and variegated with violet. The common grana- dilla or gronadilla vine bears large fruit, of an oblong shape, about 6 inches in diameter, and 15 inches in circumference. It is externally of a greenish yellow, when ripe soft and leathery to the touch, and quite smooth ; the rind is very thick, and con- tains a succulent pulp of a purple colour, which is the edible part. Wine and sugar are commonly added to it. The flavour is sweet and slightly acid, and is very grateful to the taste, and cooling in a hot climate. It has been successfully cultivated for its fruit in a few places in this country. Far. ft, sulcata (D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) fruit furrowed trans- versely. Cultivation of Granadilla (P. qucidrangularis ). Mr. Mitche- son keeps a plant in a box 1 8 inches square, Axed on a level with the curb in one corner of a tan-pit. The sides of the box are perforated, to admit the roots to run among the tan, and the shoots are trained like vines, under the rafters. In autumn the shoots are pruned back to within two or three eyes of the old wood ; and in March following, or just before the plant begins to break, it is taken out of the box, the root and ball reduced, and repotted in fresh compost. Abundance of water in the flowering season enables the plant to set its fruit without artifleial impregnation. A strong plant will produce 40 fruits in a season in regular succession, from the end of June till Christ- mas. Half that number will grow to a larger size. Gard. mag. 2. p. 203. The Pass, laurifolia and Pass, ediilis may be culti- vated in the same way for their fruit. Quadrangular- stemmed Passion-flower or Granadilla. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1768. Shrub cl. 75 P. Mauritia'na (Pet. Th. ann. mus. 6. p. 65.) leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, ovate, acuminated ; petioles bear- ing 4-6 glands ; bracteas lanceolate, acuminated, denticulated. T? . S. Native of the Mauritius. Mauritian Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 76 P. ala'ta (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 306.) leaves glabrous, somewhat cordate, ovate, acute ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; sti- pulas lanceolately falcate, somewhat serrated ; pedicels terete ; branches tetragonally winged ; bracteas a little toothed. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Sims, bot. mag. t. 66. Sowerby in Lin. trans. 2. p. 23. t. 3. f. 6. Flowers very sweet-scented, the upper side of the calyx and petals deep crimson ; rays variegated with purple, white, and crimson. IVinged- stemmed Passion-flower. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1772. Shrub cl. 77 P. latifolia (D. C. prod. 5. p. 328.) leaves glabrous, broadly cordate, acuminated ; lateral nerves approximate at the middle of the base ; petioles glandular ; stipulas and bracteas oval-oblong, entire ; branches terete. 1?.^. S. Native of Peru. Flowers pale red. Broad-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 78 P. a'lbida (Ker, bot. reg. 677.) leaves glabrous, roundish- cordate, entire ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, setosely apiculated ; bracteas approximating the flowers, soon falling oft'; pedicels twice the length of the leaves. Tj . ^. S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Flowers white, not pale red as in the preceding. Column inclined. Sta- mens secund. Crown yellowish. IFhitish-flowered Passion-flower. Fl. Aug, Sept. Clt. 1816. Shrub cl. 79 P. orna' xa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.-129.) leaves glabrous, ovate-elliptic, acute, crenulated ; petioles bi- rr 2 FIG. 4. 52 PASSIFLOREiE. III. Passiflora. glandular ; axils glandular ; bracteas ovate, large, entire. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, in temperate places. Flowers whitish, with blue rays mingled with white. Plumed Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 80 P. lo'ngipes (Juss. ann. mus. 6. t. 33. f. 1.) leaves gla- brous, oval-lanceolate, somewhat cordate at the base, entire ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; stipulas and bracteas lanceo- late ; pedicels twice the length of the leaves. b . S. Native of New Granada, on Mount Quindiu. Flowers about the size of those of P. coerulea, pale red. Long-stalked Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 81 P. laurifolia (Lin. 1. c. p. 220. t. 10. f. 6.) leaves gla- brous, ovate-oblong, entire; petioles biglandular at the apex; stipulas setaceous, length of petioles ; bracteas obovate, glandu- larly serrated at the apex. b . S. Native of the West India Islands and South America. Plum, amer.t. 80. Ker, bot. reg. t. 13. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 2. t. 162. amer. pict. 2. t. 219. Sowerby in Lin. trans. 2. t. 4. f. c. Marquiaas, Merian. sur. t. 21. The French call it pomme de liane, and the English honey- suckle: but in most parts of South America the fruit is known by the name of murucuja or granadilla ; for which the plant is cultivated almost throughout South America, the fruit being agreeable to most palates. The P. laurifolia is called also mater-lemon. The flowers are red and violet and sweet-scented ; the fruit about the size of a hen’s-egg, but rather more elongated, and tapering equally at both ends ; when ripe it is yellow, and dotted over with white spots. It contains a whitish watery pulp, which in the West Indies is usually sucked through a small hole made in the rind, which is tough, soft, and thin ; the juice has a peculiar aromatic flavour, is delicately acid, and allays thirst agreeably. Laurel-leaved Passion-flower or Granadilla. FI. June, July. Clt. 1690. Shrub cl. 82 P. tinifolia (Juss. 1. c. t. 41. f. 2.) leaves glabrous, ob- long, entire ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; stipulas seta- ceous ; bracteas oblong, hardly crenated. b • w S. Native of Cayenne, and about Essequibo. Very like P. laurifolia. Tinus-leaved Passion-flower. FI. July. Clt. 1824. Sh. cl. 83 P. acumina'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) leaves glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, entire; petioles biglandular at the apex ; bracteas oblong, obtuse, entire. S. Native of Brazil. Acuminated-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. * * Leaves lobed, farted, or cut to the base. 84 P. indeco'ra (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 134.) leaves pube- rulous beneath, rather glandular, semi-orbicular, lunate, sub- cordate ; lobes ovate, divaricate ; petioles glandless, pubescent ; stipulas linear, pubescent; bracteas ovate. b- S. Native of New Granada, in temperate places. Perhaps belonging to the section Decaloba. Indecorous Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 85 P. pulche'lla (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves glabrous, somewhat glandular, semiorbicular, truncately 2 or 3-lobed ; petioles glandless ; stipulas linear-subulate ; bracteas oblong, large, entire. b . v_y. S. Native of South America, in the pro- vince of Caraccas. Flowers white, with yellow rays ringed with blue. Neat Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 86 P. racemosa (Brot. in Lin. trans. 12. t. 6.) leaves quite glabrous, rather peltate, glaucous beneath, for the most part 3-lobed ; petioles usually bearing 4 glands ; pedicels twin, form- ing terminal racemes, in consequence of the upper leaves being abortive. b . S. Native of Brazil. Sims, bot. mag. 2001. P. princeps, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 84. Flowers of a deep red or scarlet colour. Racemes pendulous. There is a variety having the outer ray of the crown white. Racemose Passion-flower. FI. Mar. Oct. Clt. 1815, Sh. cl. 87 P. sanguinea (Colla. mem. acad. taur. ined. hort. ripul. f append, t. 6.) leaves glabrous, cordate, glaucous beneath, 3-5- parted ; lobes oblong, entire ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipu- las auriculately falcate, apiculated, somewhat serrated : pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. b . v_/. S. Native country un- known. Probably a hybrid between P. racemosa and P. alata. Flo wers large, of a deep scarlet or blood-red colour. Z?/ood-coloured-flowered Passion-flower. FI. Ju. Oct. Clt.? Shrub cl. 88 P. cceru'leo-racemosa (Sab. in hort. trans. 4. p. 758. t. 9.) leaves quite glabrous, rather coriaceous, 3-5-lobed ; lobes undulated, somewhat toothed at the base ; petioles bearing 4 glands; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. b . S. A hybrid raised from the seed of P. racemosa, impregnated by the pollen of P. coerulea. Like the male parent, it will live through- out the winter in the open ground, with a little protection in severe weather. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 573. Flowers purple. Blue-racemose Passion-flower. FI. June, Oct. Hybrid 1820. Shrub cl. 89 P. ala'to-cceru'lea (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 848.) leaves gla- brous, cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, ovate-lanceolate ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands ; stipulas auriculated, acuminately apiculated, entire ; pedicels terete, much longer than the pe- tioles ; branches quadrangular. b . S. A hybrid, raised from the seeds of P. alata, impregnated by the pollen of P. coerulea. Lobes of calyx rose-coloured on the outside. Petals white inside. Crown triple ; outer filamentous appendages va- riegated with black, blue, and white. TVinged-blue Passion-flower. FI. June, Oct. Hybrid 1823. Shrub cl. 90 P. stipula'ta (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 325.) leaves glabrous, glaucous beneath, cordate at the base, 5-nerved, trifid; lobes ovate, entire ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands ; stipulas oblong, somewhat auricled, mucronate, and are as well as the bracteas entire; peduncles about equal in length to the petioles. b . ^,.S. Native of Cayenne and Brazil ; and of Mexico, near Jalapa. P. glauca, Ker. bot. reg. t. 88. but notof Humb. Flowers whitish ; crown variegated with purple and white. Stipulate Passion-flower. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1779. Sh. cl. 91 P. Raddia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.) leaves glabrous, somewhat cordate at the base, 5-nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate, glandularly subserrated at the base ; petioles bearing 2 glands in the middle ; stipulas ovate, dimidiate, awned ; peduncles 4- times longer than the petioles. b • w S. Native of Brazil, where it was detected by Raddi. Raddi’s Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 92 P. aTba (Link, et Otto. abhl. t. 33.) leaves glabrous, glaucescent beneath, somewhat cordate at the base, 5-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes oval, somewhat glandularly serrated at the base ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; stipulas cordate ; superior peduncles longer than the petioles. b . S. Native of Bra- zil. Flowers white. Very nearly allied to P. Raddiana. White-dowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 93 P. seta'cea (D. C. 1. c.) leaves velvety beneath, 3-nerved at the base, somewhat cordate, trifid ; lobes ovate-oblong, acute, serrulated ; petioles velvety, biglandular at the base ; bracteas ovate, acuminated, ciliately serrated, b . S. Native of Bra- zil, near Rio Janeiro. *Se<«eeoHS-braetead Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 94 P. menispermifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 137.) leaves hairy beneath, pubescent above, roundish-cor- date, angularly 3-lobed, sharply toothed ; petioles hairy, usually bearing 4 glands ; stipulas large, dimidiately subcordate, awned, PASSIFLOREZE. III. Passiflora. 53 hence toothed on one side. F? . S. Native of South Ame- rica, near Jaen de Bracamoros. Flowers unknown. Moon-seed-lcaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 95 P. subpelta'ta (Ort. dec. 6. p. 78.) leaves glabrous, cor- date, 3-lobed ; lobes serrated : middle lobe more extended than the side ones ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands in the middle ; sti- pulas semi-cordate, mucronate ; bracteas cordate. Tj . S. Native of New Spain. Subpeltate-\ea.veA Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 96 P. punicea (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.) leaves velvety beneath, rather scabrous above, 5-nerved, broadly subcordate, trifid ; lobes sharply serrated, acute ; petioles vel- vety, glandless ; stipulas setaceous ; bracteas oval, serrated. Tj . y_y. S. Native of South America, probably of Peru. Flowers scarlet. Agreeing in habit with Tacsonia. /Scarfet-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 97 P. incarna'ta (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 230. t. 10. f. 19. a. e .) leaves glabrous, somewhat cuneated at the base, 5-nerved, deeply trifid ; lobes lanceolate, serrated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; stipulas small ; bracteas glandularly serrated ; ovarium villous. F? . G. Native of South America and Virginia. Aid. hort. farn. t. 50. 52. 58. Mor. ox. 2. p. 6. sect. 1. t. 1. f. 9. Calycine lobes pale green. Petals white; crown with a double circle of purple rays. The Flesh-coloured Granadilla, or May-apple , is a perennial, sending up annually a number of herbaceous shoots. The flowers are sweet-scented, variegated with purple. The fruit, when ripe, is about the size of an apple, orange-coloured, with a sweetish yellow pulp. Var. (3, integriloba (D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.) lobes of leaves entire. Ker. bot. reg. t. 332. P. Kerii, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 39. Flowers pink. Flcsh-coloured-A owered Passion-flower or Granadilla. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1629. PI. cl. 98 P. edu'lis (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1989.) leaves glabrous, 3- lobed, serrated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; bracteas glandularly serrated ; crown about equal in length to the caly- cine lobes ; ovarium glabrous, F? . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers whitish. Fruit purple, edible. Purple-fruiting Passi- flora, Sab. in hort. trans. 3. p. 99. t. 3. Purple-fruited Gra- nadilla, Sab. The flowers are fragrant, of a white colour tinged with purple. The fruit changes to a dark livid purple on be- coming ripe, and much resembles the fruit of the purple egg- plant. The shape is elliptic, an inch and a half in diameter, and 2 inches from the stalk to the top ; the pulp is orange-coloured, and the seeds numerous ; the taste acid, and the flavour some- what like that of an orange. It produces fruit abundantly in stoves. ZichZZe-fruited Passion-flower or Granadilla. FI. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub cl. 99 P. serruea'ta (Jacq. obs. 2. t. 46. f. 2.) leaves glabrous, 3-lobed, finely serrulated ; lobes oblong, middle one the longest ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; bracteas entire. F? . S. Native of South America, in the woods of Carthagena. Flowers variegated with crimson and white, sweet-scented, inches wide. Serrulated- leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 100 P. cuneifolia (Cav. diss. 10. t. 292.) leaves glabrous, 3-lobed, serrated ; lobes ovate, acuminated : petioles biglan- dular ; bracteas large, ovate, entire ; crown 3 times longer than the calyx. Fj . S. Native of South America. Wedge-leaved Passion-flower. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1825. Sh.cl. 101 P. triloba (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 330.) leaves glabrous, cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate-roundish, obtuse, somewhat denticulated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; sti- pulas ovate-cordate, denticulated; bracteas large, ovate, mu- cronate. Tj . S. Native of Peru. 7 hree-lobed-\ea\red Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 102 P. vitifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 138.) leaves downy beneath, cordate, deeply 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, acuminated, sharply toothed, with the sinuses biglandular ; pe- tioles biglandular at the base, pubescent ; bracteas glandularly toothed. Tj . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the rivers Magdalena and Cassiquiares. Flowers yellowish ; outer crown orange-coloured ; inner crown white. Vine-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. 103 P. pilosa (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 330.) plant hispid from rigid hairs ; leaves cuneated at the base and cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes coarsely toothed, ovate-lanceolate ; petioles biglandular ; stipulas ovate-cordate ; bracteas oblong, ciliated. Fj . v_y. S. Native of Mexico, (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Pilose Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 104 P. adenopoda (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 330.) leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, 5- nerved, 5-lobed ; lobes ovate, acuminated, somewhat serrated ; petioles bearing 2 pedicellate glands ; bracteas deeply serrated. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Stalked- glanded Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 105 P. fil amentosa (Cav. diss. 10. t. 294.) leaves glabrous, 5-parted, serrated ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; bracteas serrated ; crown longer than the calyx or nearly equal to it. Fj . S. Native of South America. Sims, bot. mag. 2023. Flowers with whitish petals and blue crowm, coloured very like those of P. ccerulea. Filamentous Passion-flow’er. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. Sh.cl. 106 P. palma'ta (Lod. bot. cab. no. 97. Link, enum. 2. p. 183.) leaves glabrous, palmately 5-parted, somewhat serru- lated ; serratures glandular ; crown a little shorter than the calyx. F? • \_y S. Native of Brazil. P. filamentosa (3, Ker. bot. reg. 584. Flowers the size of those of the following spe- cies, bluish ; crown variegated with blue, purple, and white. Palmate- leaved Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. Sh. cl. 107 P. cceru'lea (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 231. t. 10. f. 20.) leaves glabrous, 5-parted ; lobes oblong, quite entire ; petioles bearing 4 glands at the apex ; stipulas falcate ; bracteas ovate, entire ; crown shorter than the calyx. i? . S. Native of Brazil and Peru. Curt. bot. mag. t. 28. Herb. amat. t. 102. Sow- erby in Lin. trans. 2. p. 25. t. 4. f. 4. Calycine segments pale greenish white; the petals are nearly of the same shape and size. Styles purplish. Rays of the crown in two circles, pur- ple at bottom, white in the middle, and blue at the ends. Fruit egg-shaped, size of a Mogul plum, yellow when ripe-. The flowers have a faint scent, and continue but one day, like many other species of this genus. This is the only kind which can be considered truly hardy. Var. (3, angustif dlia ; lobes of leaves narrow ; plant flowering later than the species. A hybrid. Var. y, glaucophylla ; leaves glaucous beneath. Var. Colvillei (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 126.) lobes of leaves ob- long-lanceolate, serrulated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; stipulas rather lunate, serrulately ciliated ; bracteas ovate, obtuse, serrulated ; threads of crown rather shorter than the corolla. F? • H. A hybrid. Flowers whitish ; petals tinged with blue ; outer crown variegated with purple, white, and blue. Z^ue-flowered or Common Passion-flower. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1699. Shrub cl. 108 P. serra'ta (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 232. t. 10. f. 21.) leaves glabrous, 7-parted, 7-nerved ; lobes serrated ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; bracteas joined to the middle, acute, entire. Fj . S. Native of Martinico. Plum. amer. t. 79. Petals violet-co- loured. Crown variegated with purple, violet and white. Var. (3, digitdta (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex herb. Lamb. D. C. prod. 3. p. 330.) lobes of leaves hardly serrated. F*. S. Native of Peru. 54 PASSIFLORE.ZE. III. Passiflora. Serrated- leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1800. Shrub cl. 109 P. Lourei'rii; leaves glabrous, 5 - parted ; lobes quite entire ; petioles biglandular. Tj . F. Native of China and Cochin-china. P. coerulea, Lour. coch. p. 527. but not of Lin. P. Chinensis, Sweet? Flowers greenish yellow, with a blue crown. Loureiro’s Passion-flower. FI. Ju. Oct. Clt. ? Shrub cl. 110 P. peda'ta (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 233. t. 10. f. 22.) leaves pedate, in consequence of the petiole being branched at the top ; petiole biglandular ; segments of leaves oval, acuminated, ser- rated ; bracteas dentately fringed. f? . S. Native of St. Domingo and Trinidad. Plum. amer. t. 81. Calycine seg- ments j)ale green, with abundance of little red spots on the upper surface. Petals or inner calycine segments blue. The rays of the crown are very close, deep red, with 2 or 3 white rings, very slender, violet at the ends ; they are twisted so as to resemble the serpents about Medusa’s head. Fruit the size of a middling apple, green, and dotted. Pedate-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1781. Shrub cl. Sect. VII. Tacsonioides (plants resembling Tacsonia in habit). D. C. prod. 3. p. 330. Tube of calyx rather elongated, nevertheless much shorter than the limb. The rest as in sec- tion Granadilla. Leaves 3-lobed, with the recesses and petioles glandular. An intermediate section between the genus Papi- jlbra and Tacsonia. 111 P. reflexiflora (Cav. icon. 5. t. 425.) glabrous ; leaves subpeltate, 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse, quite entire, recesses and petioles bearing 6 glands ; calycine lobes reflexed ; crown very short or almost wanting. T? . S. Native of Panamaide, and near Bodegas, in South America. Tacsonia reflexiflora, Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 393. Flowers scarlet. Rcjlexed-jlowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 112 P. picturata (Ker. bot. reg. t. 673.) glabrous; leaves subpeltate, reddish beneath, 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, mu- cronate by a bristle ; recesses and petioles bearing 4 glands ; calycine lobes reflexed, twice the length of the filamentous crown. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. P. picturata, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1050. differs in the lobes of the leaves being glandless. Flowers red ; outer crown beautifully variegated with blue and white. Pamted-leaved Passion-flower. FI. Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh. cl. Sect. VIII. Dysosmia (from bvarinbijc, dysodes, fetid, and oayr], osme, a smell ; the species contained in this section have a bad smell). D. C. in mem. soc. gen. 1. pt. 2. p. 436. prod. 3. p. 331. Involucrum 3-leaved, under the flower; leaflets di- vided into many setaceous lobes, which are tipped with glands. Calyx 10-lobed, or the 5 inner ones are petals. Pedicels soli- tary. Fruit subcapsular. — Perhaps this section will form a proper genus. 113 P. hibiscifolia (Lam. diet. 3. p. 39.) stem, petioles, and leaves clothed with soft velvety down on both surfaces ; leaves truncate at the base, 5 -nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate-acuminated, somewhat dentate. bL . S. Native of the West India Islands. P. fce'tida, var. a, Lin. amcen. 1. p. 228. t. 10. f. 17. Plum, amer. t. 86. P. gossypif olia, Desv. in Ham. prod. p. 48. ? — Giseck, icon. fasc. 1. t. 20. Flowers whitish. Plant fetid when bruised. Hibiscus-leaved Passion-flower. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Shrub cl. 114 P. fce'tida (Cav. diss. 10. t. 289.) stems and petioles hispid ; leaves villous on both surfaces, 5-nerved, cordate at the base, 3-lobed ; lobes nearly entire, lateral ones very short, middle one acuminated. $ . or 1£. v_/. S. Native of the Carib- bee Islands and South America. Sims, bot. mag. 261 9. Ker. bot. reg. 321. P. foe'tida, var. /3, Lin. amcen. P. variegata, Mill. P. hirsuta, Lodd. bot. cab. 138. P. hircina, Sweet, hort. blit. Flowers whitish ; crown variegated with purple and blue. Plant fetid when bruised. Fetid Passion-flower. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1731. PI. cl. 115 P. acerifolia (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 89.) the whole plant scabrous from hairs ; leaves deeply cordate, pedately 5-7-nerved, cuneated within the recesses, 5 and some- times 7-lobed ; paler and glandless beneath ; lobes acuminated, subserrated ; teeth mucronate ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; glands stipitate, recurved at the apex ; stipulas semi- orbicular, sinuately toothed ; teeth subulate ; peduncles twin, involucrated in the middle ; involucrum multifidly jagged, hardly glandular. . w. S. Native of Mexico, in woods near Jalapa. Flowers a little larger than those of P. fce'tida. Sycamore-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 116 P. cilia'ta (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 310.) stem glabrous ; petioles rather pilose ; leaves glabrous, somewhat 5-nerved, cordate at the base, trifid ; lobes acuminated, ciliated. 1/ . S. Native of Jamaica. Curt. bot. mag. t. 288. Petals greenish on the outside and red within. Rays of crown variegated with white and purple. Stipe of ovarium deep purple, with darker spots. Cdiated-leaved Passion-flower. FI. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1783. PI. cl. '(" Species not sufficiently known. * Leaves entire. 117 P. appendicula' ta (Meyer, esseq. p. 223.) leaves gla- brous, glandular beneath, 3-nerved, rounded from the base, oblong, mucronate ; petioles biglandular, puberulous ; pedicels twin, shorter than the petioles ; involucrum wanting. J? . S. Native of Guiana, in shady sandy places. Perhaps belonging to either section Cieca or Decaloba. Flowers yellow. Appendiculaled Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 118 P. cyathophora (Desv. in Ham. prod. p. 48.) leaves ob- long-lanceolate, undivided, undulated and narrowed in the middle, jnucronulate, 3-nerved, subcordate at the base, quite glabrous above and nerved, glaucescent beneath ; petioles biglandular ; glands large, lateral, hollow, cup-shaped, usually twin ; involu- crum wanting. Tj . S. Native of Guiana. Perhaps belong- ing to section Cieca or Decaloba. Cup-bearing Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 119 P. pyriformis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 331.) leaves glabrous, ovate, acuminated, feather-nerved ; petioles biglandular ; pedi- cels solitary ; fruit pear-shaped, f? . S. Native of Brazil. Pear-s/ioped-fruited Passion-flow’er. Shrub cl. 120 P. lanceola'ta (Desv. 1. c.) branches compressed, an- gular, ciliated with down ; leaves lanceolate, acute, mucronulate, rounded at the base, with the sides subauricled, pilose on both surfaces, quite entire ; petioles biglandular ; pedicels twin, ca- pillary ; fruit on a long pedicel. T? . S. Native of the Antilles. Flowers scarlet. The rest unknown. Lanceolate- leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 121 P. tetrade'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 331.) leaves ovate, quite entire ? petioles bearing 4 glands ; bracteas toothed ; stem tetragonal, membranous. Ij. v-,. S. Native of Brazil. Vand. fl. lus. et bras, in Roem. script. 148. Perhaps P. alata or P. quadrangularis. Four-glanded Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 122 P. theobromasfolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 331.) stems erect ; leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, unequally serrated, rather puberulous ; calyx double ; petals ? spatulate. J? . S. Native country unknown. Flowered in the Botanic Garden at Schoen- brun. P. guazumaef olia, Jacq. fragm. p. 13. but not of Juss. This plant perhaps belongs to a different genus, not belonging to this order. PASSIFLOREffJ. III. Passiflora. 55 Cacao-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 123 P. Cochin-chine'nsis (Spreng. syst. app. p. 346.) leaves opposite, glabrous, ovate, undivided, quite entire ; petioles bi- glandular ; flowers axillary, twin, 5-cleft ; berry ovate, f? . G. Native of Cochin-china, among bushes. P. pallida, Lour. coch. p. 527. This species differs from all the other Passifloras in the opposite leaves ; it is perhaps therefore a species of Mal- pighia. Flowers large, pale. Cochin-china Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 124 P. Singaforia'na (Wall. cat. no. 1232.) leaves glabrous, oblong ; the rest of the plant unknown. Tj . v_/. S. Native of Singapore, in the East Indies. Like P. laurifolia. Singapore Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 125 P. Penangia'na (Wall. cat. no. 1233.) leaves ovate-ob- long, entire, acuminated; tendrils trifid. J? . y_,. S. Native of Penang. Flowers unknown. Penang Passion-flower. Shrub cl. * * Leaves 2-lobed. 126 P. luna'ta (Juss. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 331.) leaves rather downy beneath, glandular, 3-nerved, ovate at the base, lunately truncate at the apex ; nerves ending each in a bristle ; petioles glandless ; pedicels twin ; bracteas linear. S. Native of Peru. Perhaps belonging to the section Cieca or Decdloba. Moon-shaped-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 127 P. contraye'rva (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 23.) leaves glabrous, deeply 2-lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse, hardly diverg- ing ; calyx multifid. 1? . S. Native of Mexico. — Hern, mex. p. 301. lower figure. Allied to P. Mexicana and P. Dic- tamo, but differs from them in the flowers being multifid, not 5-cleft. The root is famous for its medicinal virtues, being sweetish with some pungency and fragrance, and is considered a powerful counterpoison, deobstruent, cordial, &c. Contrayerva Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 128 P. cunea'ta (Willd. enum. p. 696.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, cuneated at the base, somewhat 2-lobed at the apex, with a mucrone between the lobes ; petioles glandless ; pedicels twin ; calyx 10-cleft, the 5 inner divisions are called petals. Tj . S. Native of Caraccas. Perhaps belonging to section Decdloba or section Granadilla. CwneaZe-leaved Passion-flower. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Sh. cl. 129 P. bicornis (Mill. diet. no. 13.) leaves glabrous, stiff, 2-lobed; pedicels long, horizontal ; fruit oval. . v_y. S. Na- tive of South America, at Carthagena. Flowers small, white. Two -horned-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 130 P. clypea'ta (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 20.) leaves pel- tate, glandular beneath, 5-7-nerved, reticulately veined, 2-lobed, furnished with a mucrone between the lobes ; petioles bearing 2 or 4 glands. Tj . S. Nativeof New Granada. Flowers unknown. Buckler- leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. * * * Leaves 3-lobed. 131 P. cephaleima (Bory, ann. gen. 2. p. 152. t. 22. f. 2.) leaves glabrous, rather glandular beneath, somewhat 3-lobed, emarginate at the base ; lobes divaricate, linear, obtuse, rounded ; petioles very short, biglandular beneath the middle. Tj . S. Native country unknown, and has never flowered in the gardens of Europe. Headed-d owered Passion-flower. Clt. 1 826. Shrub cl. 132 P. multiformis (Jacq. fragm. no. 169. t. 67. f. 1.) leaves glabrous, wrinkled beneath, cordate at the base, simple, 2 or 3- lobed, acuminated, very minutely serrated ; petioles biglandular. Tj . ^. S. Native of South America, at Caraccas. Willd. enum. 697. Flowers unknown. The plant agrees with P. in- carnata in the shape of the leaves. Many-formed Passion-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 133 P. heterophy'lla (Lam. diet. 3. p. 41.) leaves glabrous, acute, lower ones lanceolate, nearly sessile : middle ones on short petioles, 3-parted : upper ones pedate, in consequence of the petiole being branched at the apex ; tendrils wanting ; pedicels solitary, without an involucrum ; calyx 10-lobed, or the 5 inner lobes, so called, are petals. T? . S. Native of St. Do- mingo. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 139. f. 1. Perhaps belonging to section Decdloba or section Astrophea ? Flowers yellowish. Variable-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1817. Shrub cl. 134 P. Herma'nni (D. C. prod. 3. p. 332.) leaves velvety, 3-lobed; involucrum small, of 3 entire leaflets; calyx 10- parted. ^ . w. S. Native of Curassoa. Flowers whitish. Allied on one hand to P. hirsuta and on the other to P. hibis- cifolia. Hermann’s Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 135 P. ? tubiflora (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 139.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, rounded at the base, 3-lobed; lobes oblong-lanceolate, equal, entire ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; pedicels twin ; tube of calyx about equal in length to the 5 lobes of the limb. . v_/. S. Native of Mexico, in arid places near Acapulco and Etambo del Egido. Probably a species of Tacsonia. Flowers with a greenish calyx. Tube-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl. Cult. All the species of this elegant and curious genus, are well suited for climbers in conservatories and stoves, being free growers and of easy culture. They thrive well in very light rich soil, and the more room they are allowed, both for roots and stems, the freer they will grow and flower. They are all easily raised from cuttings planted in sand or mould, placed in heat ; and the younger the cuttings are, the sooner they will strike root. Most of the species ripen fruit in our stoves, and consequently many fine varieties have been raised by impreg- nating the stigmas of one with the pollen of another. Several hybrids, raised from seeds set by the pollen of P. coerulea are nearly hardy. Several of the species are marked greenhouse, in which they will grow and flower freely. Passiflora coerulea is the only species that can be considered quite hardy, and it requires a sheltered situation ; it is therefore safest to plant against a wall, that it may be protected by a mat in severe w'eather : it thrives well in any soil, and cuttings of it are readily rooted, under a hand-glass. Culture of the edible species of Granadilla. — All the species will fruit even in large pots ; but it is best to plant them in an angle of a stove, which has been parted off, either by boards or brick-work, as loiv as the pit goes. At the bottom of the cavity formed by this division, should be laid some brick rubbish, over which may be thrown a little dead tan, and the whole be then filled with equal parts of very old tan, and a compost of leaf-mould and rotten dung ; therein the roots wilb-strike freely, and will even spread through the partition into the pit. They do not require the full heat of a pine-stove, for they flourish best in a temperature of from 65° to 70° ; but they will not bring their fruit to perfec- tion if kept in a common greenhouse or conservatory, though they will grow and flower in it. The shoots as they advance may be trained near to and under the inclined glass of the stove ; the first flowers will appear in May, and the blooming will con- tinue until September, the fruit setting the whole time ; but if it does not set well it will be adviseable to impregnate the stigmas, by applying the pollen with a feather. As they grow, the very strong shoots should be cut out from their origin ; for these do not bear fruit so abundantly as those which are less vigorous ; but the fruiting-branches must not be shortened on any account. The temperature must be kept up equally during the time of flowering and fruiting ; the crop will begin to come in August, and will continue until January, but the earlier produce is the best. When the crop is all off, which will be early in January, 56 PASSIFLOREiE. IV. Disemma. V. Murucuja. the heat must be reduced to about 50°, so as to check and stop the growth. This being effected, the shoots must be well cut in. As little old wood as possible, besides the main stem, which rises from the pit to the glass, and a few' pieces (about 2 or 3 feet of each) of the old branches should be retained ; for all that is to be trained under the glass to bear in each year, ought to be the growth of the same season. It is found that the shoots break better and in greater quantity from the older wood than from that of two years’ standing. In this dormant and reduced state it is to be kept during January and February, after which the necessary heat may be applied to cause it to resume its functions for the ensuing season. IV. DISE'MMA (from he, dis, two, and orey/ia, stemma, a crowm ; in reference to the crown of the flower being double, or in two). Lab. sert. caled. p. 78. D. C. prod. 3. p. 332. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Pentandria. Tube of calyx short, furrowed below. Crowm of throat double ; outer one composed of distinct filamentous threads ; inner one tubular, with an entire or toothed border. The rest as in Passiflora. All the species are either natives of New Holland or New Caledonia. * Petioles biglandular at the apex. 1 D. aura'ntia (Labill. caled. t. 79.) leaves glabrous, ovate at the base, broadly 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse, middle lobe the longest : lateral ones furnished with a kind of appendage each on the outside ; bracteas bristle-formed, glandular at the apex, rather remote from the flow'er ; petioles bigland ular at the apex ; threads of outer crown about equal in length to the inner lobes of the calyx or petals. I? . G. Native of New Caledonia. Passiflora aurantia. Forst. prod. p. 326. Cav. diss. 10. p. 457. Murucuja aurantia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 222. Flowers orange- coloured, with the tube of the inner crown green, longer than the simple upright rays that surround it. Orange-flowered Disemma. Shrub cl. 2 D. Herbertia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 332.) leaves pubes- cent, cordate at the base, broadly 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, acutish ; petioles biglandular at the apex; pedicels twin, 1 -flowered; bracteas bristle-formed, very remote from the flower ; threads of outer crown 3 or 4-times shorter than the inner calycine lobes or petals. T? . G. Native of New Holland, in the interior. Passiflora Herbertiana, Ker. bot. reg. 737. Muruchja Her- bertiana, Sweet. Flowers white and greenish, with the crown yellow'. Var. (i, Caleyana (D. C. prod. 3. p. 333.) leaves semiorbi- cular at the base, hardly subcordate ; bracteoles situated in the middle of the pedicel. 1? . G. Native of New Holland. Passiflora biglandulosa, Caley. in herb. Lamb. Perhaps a pro- per species. Herbert’s Disemma. FI. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1821. Shrub cl. 3 D. Baue'ri ; leaves 3-lobed, sparingly glandular beneath ; lobes oblong, retuse, middle one more prolonged ; bracteas and stipulas setaceous ; rays filiform, longer than the corolla, which is plicate ; disk 5-lobed. Tj . ^. G. Native of Norfolk Island. Fruit oval, blood-coloured. Flowers at first pale yellow, but at length orange-coloured, with the segments keeled and rather undulated* green on the outside. Murucuja Baueri, Lindl. coll. t. 36. Bauer’s Disemma. Shrub cl. 4 D. coccinea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 333.) leaves glabrous, glan- dular beneath, cuneated at the base, 3-nerved, bluntly 3-lobed ; petioles biglandular at the apex, longer than the pedicels ; brac- teas subulate, scattered, remote from the flower. Tj . S. Native of New Holland. Passiflora coccinea, Banks, but not of Aubl. Flowers scarlet. Crown short, double. Fruit globose. /ScaWei-flowered Disemma. Shrub cl. * * Petioles glandless. 5 D. adiantifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, truncate at the base, 3-5-lobed ; lobes obtuse, some- what 3-lobed ; petioles glandless, a little longer than the pedicels ; bracteas subulate, scattered. Tj . G. Native of Norfolk Island. Passiflora adiantifolia, Ker. bot. reg. 233. Passi- flora aurantia, Andr. bot. rep. t. 295. but not of Forst. Passi- flora glabra, Wendl. coll. 1. t. 17. Passiflora Adiantum, Willd. enum. 698. Murucuja adiantifolia, Sweet. Flowers yellow' at first, fading to an orange-colour, with the inner crown green, longer than the purple rays that surround it. Adiantum-leaved Disemma. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1792. Sh. cl. Cult. See Passiflora, p. 55. for culture and propagation. Splendid and curious climbing shrubs. V. MURUCU'JA (a name given to many species of Passion- flower, especially those with edible fruit, by the natives of Brazil). Tourn. inst. t. 215. Juss. gen. p. 398. D. C. prod. 3. p. 333. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Pentandria. Tube of calyx fur- rowed below. Crown of throat simple, erect, tubularly-conical, truncate (f. 5. b. f. 6. c.) ; threads of crown not free, but joined together into a tube. — Habit of Passiflora. Petioles glandless. — Species all natives of the West Indies. Sect. I. Penta'ria (from 7 Terre, pente, five ; calyx 5-lobed). D. C. prod. 3. p. 333. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 5. a.). 1 M. orbicula'ta (Pers. ench. FIG. 5. 2. p. 222.) leaves glabrous, glan- dular beneath, 3-nerved, orbicu- lar, somew'hat 3-lobed ; petioles glandless, twisted ; tendrils few ; bracteoles narrow, very acute. Tj . S. Native of St. Do- mingo. Passiflora orbiculata, Cav. diss. 10. t. 286. Flow'ers crimson. Orbicular-leaved Murucuja. Shrub cl. Sect. II. Deca'ria (from Sem, delca, ten ; in reference to the calyx being 10-lobed). D.C. prod. 3. p.333. Calyx 10-lobed (f. 6. a.) ; the 5 inner lobes probably petals. 2 M. ocella'ta (Pers. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glandular be- neath, emarginate at the base, truncately 2-lobed at the apex ; FIG. 6. lobes obtuse, divaricate ; petioles glandless, shorter than the pedi- cels ; bracteas narrow, very acute. Tj . S. Native of the Antilles, in woods. Passiflora Murucuja, Lin. amcen. 1. t. 10. f. 10. Cav. diss. 10. t. 287. Ker. bot. reg. t. 574. — Plum. amer. t. 87. Flowers deep red. Berry size of a pigeon’s egg, flesh-coloured when ripe. Both the syrup and decoction of the plant is much used in the leeward parts of Ja- maica, where it is frequent ; and it is said to answer effectually all the purposes for which syrup of poppies and liquid laudanum are generally administered. The flowers are most in use ; they are commonly infused in, or pow'dered and mixed immediately with PASSIFLOREAL V. Murucuja. VI. Tacsonia. 57 wine or spirits ; and the composition is generally thought a very effectual and easy narcotic. Browne names it bull-hoof or Dutchman' s laudanum, which are probably the vulgar names of the plant in Jamaica. Var. fi ; leaves rounded at the base, somew'hat 3-lobed. Cav. 1. c. Small-eyed Murucuja. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1730. Sh. cl. Cult. Climbing shrubs, with the habit of Passijldra, bearing beautiful flowers. Their culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for that genus, see p. 56. VI. TACSO'NIA ( Tacso , the name of one of the species in Peru). Juss. gen. p. 398. ann. mus. 6. p. 388. D. C. prod. 3. p. 333. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Pentdndria. Tube of calyx long (f. 7. e.), with a 10-cleft limb (f. 7. a.). ; the 5 inner lobes pro- bably petals ; throat furnished with a scaly membrane. Habit of Passiflora. Sect. I. Eutacs6nia (eu, well or good, and Tacsonia ; this section contains the genuine species of the genus). D. C. prod. 3. p. 333. Involucrum large, 3-leaved (f. 6./.); bracteas sometimes free, sometimes joined together. * Leaves undivided. 1 T. adulterina (Juss. ann. FIG. 6. mus. 6. p. 393.) leaves woolly beneath, glabrous above, ovate, almost entire, with revolute edges ; petioles glandless ; stipulas tooth- ed, linear-lanceolate. . w. S. Native of New Granada. Passi- flora adulterina, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 408. Smith, pi. ined. t. 24. Flowers purple. Berry ovate, spotted. Adulterated Tacsonia. Sh. cl. 2 T. lana'ta (Juss. ann. mus. 6. t. 59. f. 1.) leaves woolly be- neath, glabrous above, ovate-cor- date, entire, with somewhat revo- lute edges ; petioles glandless ; stipulas narrow, hidden among the tomentum of the stem. ^2 . w. S. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 141. Flowers white ? Woolly Tacsonia. Shrub cl. * * Leaves 3-lobed. 3 T. trifolia'ta (Juss. 1. c. p. 393.) whole plant white from silky tomentum; leaves trifoliate; leaflets ovate-oblong, quite entire ; petioles glandless ; stipulas half stem-clasping, ciliated with glands. Jj . S. Native of Peru, in the valley of Canta. Trifoliate Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 4 T. sanguine a (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) leaves tomentose beneath, reticulately veined, smooth above, deeply 3-lobed ; lobes acute, serrated ; petioles glandless ; bracteas glandularly- toothed. *2 • w S. Native of the West Indies. Passiflora sangumea, Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 45. Flowers deep red. Blood-coloured- flowered Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 5 T. pinnatistipula (Juss. 1. c.) leaves white from velvety down beneath, trifid beyond the middle ; lobes serrated ; stipulas pinnate ; petioles with 4-8 glands. T2 . vy. S. Native of Chili. Sweet, fl. gard. new. ser. 2. t. 156. Passiflora pinnatistipula, Cav. icon. 5. t. 428. Flowers rose-coloured or purplish ; crown deep blue. Var. /3, pennipes (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 48. under Passi- flbra) stipulas palmately parted into subulate lobes, one of which is pinnate at the apex. VOL. III. Pinnate- stipuled Tacsonia. Clt. 1828. Shrub cl. 6 T. micrade'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) clothed with vel- vety tomentum ; leaves trifid, somewhat cordate, 3-5-nerved ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, serrated ; petioles bearing small glands, which are hidden among the tomentum ; stipulas palmately parted into capillary lobes. \ . y_). S. Native of Peru. Small- glanded Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 7 T. tomentosa (Juss. 1. c. p. 394.) leaves tomentose, trifid beyond the middle, 3-nerved ; lobes ovate, serrated ; petioles bearing 6 pedicellate glands ; stipulas falcate, serrulated on the outside. *2 • S. Native of Peru. P. tomentosa, Cav. diss. 10. t. 275, 276. Flowers rose-coloured. Tomentose Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 8 T. manica'ta (Juss. 1. c. t. 59. f. 2.) leaves somewhat to- mentose beneath, trifid beyond the middle ; lobes oval-oblong, serrated ; petioles bearing 3-4 glands at the apex ; stipulas roundish, spreading, crestedly toothed on the outside. Tj . ^ S. Native of Peru, about Loxa. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 139. Var.fi; lobes blunter and more tomentose beneath. Native of Villa de Ybarra. Var. y ? petioles bearing many glands. On Mount Quindiu. Var. b; bracteas joined together at the base. On Mount Saraguru. Manicated- stipuled Tacsonia. Shrub cl. Sect. II. Bracteoga'ma (from fipanoe, brakys, a cover, and yupuQ, gamos, marriage ; in reference to the bracteas of the invo- lucrum being joined together). D. C. prod. 3. p. 334. Bracteas of involucrum 3, joined together into a tube. 9 T. trigona (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) leaves clothed with hoary hairs beneath, pubescent above, deeply 3-lobed ; lobes oblong, diverging, serrulated ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands ; sti- pulas manicated, denticulated, awned at the apex. Ij . S. Native of Peru. Passiflora trigona, Ruiz et Pav. ined. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Trigonal Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 10 T. peduncula'ris (Juss. 1. c. p. 395.) leaves downy on the nerves beneath, cordate at the base, 3-nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate, obtuse, serrated ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated. 1? . ^. S. Native of Peru. Passiflora peduncularis, Cav. icon. 5. t. 426. Murucuja peduncularis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Flowers purple or rose- coloured. Var. fi, Dombeydna (D. C. prod. 334.) lobes of leaves acute ; bracteas entire. Peduncular Tacsonia. Clt. ? Shrub cl. 1 1 T. mollissima (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 144.) leaves clothed with canescent tomentum beneath, and pubescence above, cordate at the base, 5-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, acute, sharply toothed; petioles bearing 12 glands; stipulas semi-ovate, acuminated, denticulated. T2 . S. Native of Santa Fe de Bogota. Muruciija mollissima, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Flowers rose-coloured. Very soft Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 12 T. tripartita (Juss. 1. c. t. 60.) leaves rather tomentose beneath, smooth above, 3-parted ; lobes lanceolate, serrated ; petioles bearing 6-8 glands; stipulas manicated, crestedly toothed. T2 ■ v-r S* Native of South America, in woods about Quito. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. 2. p. 142. Flowers rose-coloured. Tripartite- leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 13 T. mixta (Juss. 1. c. 394.) leaves glabrous, 3-lobed; lobes oblong, serrated ; petioles bearing 6 glands ; stipulas ob- long, acuminated, serrated on the outside. 1? . S. Native of New' Granada. Passiflora mixta, Lin. fil. suppl. 408. Smith, icon. ined. t. 25. I 58 PASSIFLOREiE. VI. Tacsonia. VII. Paschanthus. VIII. Modecca. Far. /3, longijlbra (D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.) leaves pubescent beneath ; lateral lobes sometimes 2-lobed. Pj . S. Native of Peru. T. longiflora and T. Tasco, Pers. ench. 2. p. 223. Flowers rose-coloured or purplish. Mixed Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 14 T. speciosa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 143.) leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, reticulately 5-nerved, deeply 3-lobed ; lobes ovate-oblong, sharply serrated ; petioles bear- ing 6-8 pedicellate glands ; stipulas suborbicular, awned, denti- culated. P? . w. S. Native of Santa Fe de Bogota. Murucuja speciosa, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Flowers rose-coloured. Showy Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 15 T. glabe'rrima (Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 394.) leaves gla- brous, coriaceous, 3-lobed ; lobes oval-lanceolate, stiffly ser- rated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; stipulas glove-formed, dentately crested. Tj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in shady places. Flowers purple. Quite-glabrous Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 16 T. anastomosans (Lamb. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, cuneated at the base, 3-nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, callously serrated ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipulas ovate, awned, callously serrated. P2 . S. Native of Peru. Anastomosing-ve ined Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 17 T. parvifolia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.) leaves glabrous, glaucous beneath, 3-5-nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acutely serrated ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipulas semi-cor- date, acuminated, nearly entire. P2 . S. Native of Peru. Ruiz et Pav. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Small-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl. Sect. III. Distepha'na (from big, dis, double, and areiparog, stcphanos, a crown ; in reference to the double crown in the throat). Juss. 1. c. D. C. prod. 3. p. 335. — Distephia, Salisb. in litt. Involucrum small, 3-leaved ; leaflets free, biglandular in the axils. Throat of calyx bearing a membranous tube, and a series of ligulse. 18 T. glandulosa (Juss. 1. c. p. 391.) leaves glabrous, co- riaceous, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, feather-nerved; petioles biglandular at the base, about equal in length to the pedicels ; bracteas subulate, near the flower. Pj . S. Native of Cayenne. Passiflora glandulosa, Cav. diss. 10. t. 281. Var. /3, canaliculata (D. C. 1. c.) petioles thicker, and chan- nelled at the base. Glandular Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 19 T. Rohria'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, ovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, feather- nerved ; petioles biglandular at the base, one-half shorter than the pedicels ; bracteas subulate, remote from the flower. Pj . S. Native of Cayenne. Rohr’s Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 20 T. Stoupya'na (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, feather-nerved ; petioles biglan- dular at the base ; bracteas oval, obtuse, foliaceous. P? . S. Native of Cayenne. Cav. diss. 10. t. 281. lit. x. Stoupy’s Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 21 T. citrifolia (Juss. 1. c. p. 392. in a note,) leaves oval, coriaceous, quite entire, feather-nerved ; petioles biglandular at the apex. 1? • S. Native of Cayenne, (v. s. herb. Juss.) Citron-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl. t Species belonging to section Distephana, but doubtful. 22 T. quadriglandulosa (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, obtuse at the base, unequally serrated : superior ones oblong; inferior ones 3-lobed : recesses of the lobes of the leaves, petioles, and bracteas bearing 4 glands each. P? . <_r S. Native of Guiana, in woods, in the Island of Arowabisch. Passiflora quadriglan- dulosa, Meyer, esseq. p. 226. Four-glanded Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 23 T. quadridenta'ta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, ovate- lanceolate, feather-nerved, with a few coarse acute teeth ; pe- tioles biglandular at the base ; bracteas oblong, biglandular. Pj . S. Native of the West Indies. Four-toothedAeaxed Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 24 T. pube'scens (D. C. 1. c.) leaves pubescent, ovate, lan- ceolate ; petioles biglandular at the base ; bracteas ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, glandularly serrated, and glandular on the back. ^2 • v‘ S. Native of the East Indies. Downy Tacsonia. Shrub cl. Sect. IV. Psila'nthus (from \pi\og, psilos, naked, and avdog, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the flowers being naked, or without the involucrum). D. C. prod. 3. p. 335. Involucrum none under the flower. 25 T. trine'rvia (Juss. 1. c. t. 58.) leaves tomentose beneath, oval, 3-nerved ; nerves protruding so much as to form teeth ; petioles glandless ; calyx 10-lobed. Tj . S. Native of South America, in shady places at the river Cassiquiare. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 142. Flowers rose-coloured ? Three-nerved- leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 26 T. ? viridiflora (Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 389.) leaves pel- tate, 3-lobed ; calyx 5-lobed. P? . S. Native of Mexico, in the vicinity of Acapulco. Passiflora viridiflora, Cav. icon. 5. t. 424. Intermediate between Tacsonia, Passiflora, and Muru- cuja. Flowers green. Green-flowered Tacsonia. Shrub cl. Cult. The species have the habit of Passiflora, and some of them are equally showy. Their culture and propagation are the same, see p. 56. VII. PASCHA'NTHUS (from iraa-gu, pasclio, to be in a pas- sion, and avSog, anthos, a flower ; the same meaning as Passi- flora). Burch, trav. 1. p. 543. D. C. prod. 3. p. 336. Lin. syst. Polygdmia, Monoecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx permanent, tubular, 10-cleft; 5 outer lobes ovate : 5 inner ones oblong-linear, petaloid, or rather truly petals. Stamens 5, free. Anthers linear, inserted by the base. Ovarium stipitate. Stigmas 3, very short. Capsule subbaccate, 3-valved, 6-seeded. Seeds ornamented with red fleshy aril. — Habit of Passiflora. 1 P. repa'ndus (Burch. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glaucous, ob- long-linear, repand, 1 -nerved, bearing 3 glands beneath ; petioles very short, glandless ; peduncles bearing a tendril, and two 1- flowered pedicels. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Repand- leaved Paschanthus. Shrub cl. Cult. This very singular plant, being a native of the Cape of Good Hope, will thrive in a green-house, and will form an excel- lent climber for the rafters. Its culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for Passiflora, see p. 56. VIII. MODE CCA (East Indian name of one of the species). Rheed. mal. 8. t. 20-23. Lam. diet. 4. p. 208. Blum, bijdr. p. 938. D. C. prod. 3. p. 336. Lin. syst. Dioecia, Monadelphia. Flowers dioecious. Calyx permanent, campanulate, 10-cleft (f. 8. b.): 5 outer lobes oval acute : 5 inner lobes petaloid or probably petals (f. 8. b.). Scales 5-10 (f. 8. c.), rarely wanting, rising from the calyx. Stamens 5, inserted in the torus ? monadelphous : anthers standing. Ovarium (f. 8. d.) on a short stipe. Stigmas 3, petaloid (f. 8. e.). Capsule bladdery, 1- celled, 3-valved, one or many-seeded. Seeds furrowed by rows of tubercles (f. 8 ./.), arillate, fixed to 3 pa- rietal placentas, which are adnate to the middle of the valves. — Habit of plants between Passiflora and Bryonia. PASSIFLORE.E. VIII. Modecca. IX. Deidamia. X. Vareca. 59 1 M. palma'ta (Lam. diet. 4. p. 209.) leaves glabrous, variously palmately lobed, glandular beneath ; stipulas spines- cent; pedicels bractless. Tj . y_,. S. Native of Malabar. Flowers yellowish. Probably many species are confused under this name. Var. a, Narola (D. C. prod. 3. p. 336.) lobes of calyx acumi- nated ; petaloid lobes or petals wanting ; fruit globose. — Rheed. mal. 8. t. 20. Var. /3, palmodecca (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of calyx acutish ; pe- taloid lobes or petals feathered palmately ; fruit globose. 1? . S. Rheed. 1. c. t. 21. Var. y, Motta (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of calyx very much acumi- nated ; petaloid lobes or petals wanting ; fruit ovate. — Rheed. 1. c. t. 22. Palmate- leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 2 M. loba'ta (Jacq. fragm. t. 131.) leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, 3-5-7-lobed, glandless ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; pedicels bractless. J2 • S. Native of Sierra Leone. Ker, bot. reg. t. 131. Flowers yel- lowish. (f. 8.) Lobed- leaved Modecca. FI. Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrubcl. 3 M. integrifolia (Lam. diet. 4. p. 209.) leaves glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, usually entire, much acuminated; pedicels bract- less, very short, few-flowered ; fruit globose. Tj . S. Native of Malabar. — Rheed. mal. 8. t. 23. Entire-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 4 M. Wightia'na (Wall. cat. no. 6764.) smooth ; leaves cor- date, triangularly ovate, entire ; tendrils simple ; capsule blad- dery ; seeds scrobiculate. S. Native of the East Indies, on the Gingee Hills. Like M. integrifolia, Lam. Wight’s Modecca. Shrub cl. 5 M. alie'na (Wall. cat. no. 6766.) leaves deeply cordate at the base, oblong, acuminated ; lobes at the base rounded ; pedi- cels umbellate on the top of shortish peduncles ; tendrils simple. 1? . S. Native of Silhet. Alien Modecca. Shrub cl. 6 M. acumina'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 940.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, and biauriculate ; flowers racemose, rising from elongated axillary tendrils ; fruit ovate, acuminated. J? . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Allied to M. integrifolia according to Blume. Acuminated-fxmted Modecca. Shrub cl. 7 M. heterophy'lla (Blum, bijdr. p. 940.) leaves undivided or 3-lobed, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, and some- what biauriculate ; fruit oblong, acuminated at both ends. Tj . S. Native of Java, on Mount Gede. V ariable-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 8 M. diversif6lia (Wall. cat. no. 6763.) smooth; lower leaves triangularly ovate ; upper ones 3-lobed, peltate at the base : lateral lobes sometimes bifid ; pedicels 1-flowered, bractless ; tendrils simple. T? . S. Native of the East Indies. Fruit bladdery, 3-valved. Root tuberous. Momordica heterophy'lla, Wight, mss. Diverse-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 9 M. cordifolia (Blum, bijdr. p. 939.) leaves membranous, on short petioles, cordate, mucronulate, biauriculate at the base ; flowers corymbose, dichotomous, rising from elongated axillary tendrils. Tj . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Heart-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 10 M. obtu'sa (Blum, bijdr. p. 939.) leaves coriaceous, ob- long-cordate, obtuse, biauriculate at the base ; flowers corym- bose, dichotomous, rising from short axillary tendrils. T? . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Obtuse -leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 11 M. parviflora ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, acumi- nated, glabrous ; tendrils simple ; peduncles axillary, dichoto- mous. J2 • S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers small, yellow. Small -flowered Modecca. Shrub cl. 12 M. macrophy'lla (Blum, bijdr. p. 939.) leaves coria- ceous, oval, bluntish at both ends, somewhat auriculated at the base ; flowers corymbose, dichotomous, rising from axillary ten- drils. Tj . S. Native of Java, on Mounts Salak, Parang, &c. Long-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 13 M. austra'lis (R. Br. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.) leaves glabrous, somewhat peltate at the base, cordate, running down the petiole in an auriculated manner at the base, acute, entire, glandless. T? . S. Native of New Holland, in the gulph of Carpentaria. Southern Modecca. Shrub cl. 14 M. ? bractea'ta (Lam. diet. p. 210.) leaves scabrous from tubercles on both surfaces, palmately lobed, emarginate at the base ; pedicels bracteate, racemose ; calyxes somewhat ser- rated. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Bracteated Modecca. Shrub cl. Cuk. See Passiflora, p. 56. for culture and propagation. The flowers of the species are by no means showy. IX. DEIDA'MIA (a mythological name, daughter of Lyco- medes, king of Scyros). Pet. Th. gen. pi. afr. 2. p. 61. t. 20. D. C. prod. 3. p. 337. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Penta-Octdndria. Calyx 5-8-part- ed ; lobes petaloid ; crown a simple series of filamentose appen- dages, rising from the interior part of the calyx. Stamens equal in number to the lobes of the calyx ; filaments joined at the base into a column. Ovarium ovate. Styles 3-4. Capsule pedicellate, 3-4-valved. Seeds arillate. — Climbing Madagascar shrubs, with axillary tendrils, impari-pinnate leaves, and glan- dular petioles. 1 D. Noronhia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.) leaflets obovate, somewhat cuneated at the base, emarginate at the apex ; pedun- cles 2-3-flowered ; flowers pentandrous. b . S. Native of Madagascar. D. alata, Pet. Th. 1. c. t. 20. Flowers brownish. Noronh’s Deidamia. Shrub cl. 2 D. Commersonia'na (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets elliptic, mucro- nate at the apex ; peduncles 5-7- flowered ; flowers pentandrous. *2 • v^. S. Native of Madagascar. Commerson s Deidamia. Shrub cl. 3 D. Thompsonia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.) leaves elliptic, hardly mucronate, rather coriaceous; peduncles 5-7-flowered; flowers octandrous. Tj • \j' S. Native of Madagascar. Passi- flora octandra, Thompson in herb. Lamb. Thompson s Deidamia. Shrub cl. Cull. See Passiflora, p. 56. for culture and propagation. X. VARE'CA (altered from Walwareka, the name of the fruit in Ceylon). Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 219. t. 6. f. 6. D. C. prod. 3. p. 337. Lin. syst. unknown. Flowers unknown. Berry 1-celled ; pulp divided into numerous partial cells for the reception of the seeds. Placentas 3, parietal, many-seeded. 1 V. Zeyla'nica (Gaertn. 1. c.) Native of Ceylon. Nothing but the fruit of this plant is known. Ceylon Vareca. Shrub cl. ? 1 2 FIG. 8. GO MALESHERBIACEiE. I. Malesherbia. LOASEAS. Cult. See Passijldra, p. 56. for culture and propagation. Order CVI. MALESHERBIA'CEAi (this order only con- tains the genus Malesherbia ). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1827. p. 321. — Passifloreae, Tribe III. — Maleslierbieae, D. C. prod. 3. p. 337. Calyx tubular (f. 9. h.), membranous, inflated, 5-lobed (f. 9. a.) ; lobes imbricated in aestivation. Petals 5 (f. 9. b.), alter- nating with the segments of the calyx, permanent, convolute in aestivation, arising on the outside of the short membranous crown (f. 9. e.). Stamens 5-10, perigynous ; filaments filiform, dis- tinct, or connected with the stipe of the ovarium ; anthers versa- tile. Ovarium superior (f. 9. g.), stipitate, 1 -celled, with the placentas at the base, from which the ovules arise by the inter- vention of umbilical cords. Styles 3, filiform, very long, arising from distinct points at the apex of the ovarium (f.9. d.) ; stigmas clavate. Fruit capsular, 1-celled, 3-valved, membranous more or less, many-seeded. Seeds attached by umbilical cords to pla- centas, arising either from the axis of the valves, or from their base ; testa crustaceous, brittle, with a fleshy crest, and no arillus. Embryo terete in the centre of fleshy albumen, with the radicle next thehylum. — Herbaceous or half shrubby plants, clothed with glandular pubescence. Leaves alternate, simple lobed, without stipulas. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary, yellow or blue. This order agrees with Passiflorece on the one hand, and Tur- ner acece on the other. From the former they differ in the inser- tion of their styles, in their versatile anthers, in their short pla- centas, membranous fruit, terete embryo, want of arillus, and stipulas ; and altogether in their habit. From Turneracece, to which their habit nearly allies them, they differ in the presence of a perigynous membrane, in the remarkable insertion of the styles, and in the want of all trace of an arillus; agreeing with that order in the aestivation of the corolla, and in the principal other points of their structure. The plants are unknown except as objects of great beauty. I. MALESHE/RBIA (in memory of Christian William de Lamoignon Malesherbes, born at Paris in 1721, a great patron of the sciences). Ruiz et Pav. prod. p. 45. D. Don, 1. c. D. C. prod. 1. c. — Gynopleura, Cav. icon. 4. p. 51. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Character the same as that of the order. 1 M. thyrsiflora (Ruiz et Pav. prod. p. 457. et Hook. bot. misc. vol. 2. p. 220.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, sinuately toothed, tomentose ; tube of calyx long, with a contracted throat; crown 10-cleft, with the segments 2-4-toothed. . G. Native of Peru, in exposed argillaceous soil. Gynopleura tubulosa, Cav. icon. 4. t. 375. Flowers yellow. Tlnjrse-Jlowered Malesherbia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 M. paniccjla'ta (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. 1827. p. 321.) leaves oblong, obtuse, ciliated, pinnatifid : upper ones nearly entire ; throat of calyx dilated ; crown simple, acutely toothed. Tj . G. Native of the north of Chili. Flowers yellow ? Panicled-f\ owered Malesherbia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 M. linearifolia (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. Jan. 1832.) villous ; leaves linear, entire ; throat of calyx dilated ; crown 10-cleft, w'ith toothed segments. fj . ? G. Native of Chili, especially in the tract of Portilla, near Mendoza. Gynopleura linearifolia, Cav. icon. 4. p. 52. t. 376. Flowers white. Linear-leaved Malesherbia. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 4 M. hu'mjlis (D. Don, 1. c.) plant very villous ; leaves jag- ged; throat of calyx dilated; crown simple, erosely toothed; anthers roundish. Tj . G. Native of Chili about Coquimbo. Stems procumbent. Flowers w'hite. Dwarf Malesherbia. FI. Aug. Clt. 1832. PI. procumbent. 5 M. corona'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) plant clothed with glandular pu- FIG. 9. bescence ; leaves linear, sinuately toothed ; throat of calyx dilat- ed ; crown simple, toothed. V? . G. Native of Chili, at Valpa- raiso. Flowers blue ; crown white. Sweet, fl. gard. new. ser. t. 167. (f. 9.) Crowned Malesherbia. Fl.Aug. Oct. Clt. 1832. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 6 M. fascicula'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acumi- nated, quite entire ; flowers in fascicles; crown 10-cleft, with the segments tridentate. \ . G. Native of Chili. A stiff erect shrub. Flowers small, in bundles at the tops of the branches. Fascicled-^ owered Malesherbia 7 M. tenuifolia (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1832.) leaves nearly pinnate ; segments linear ; calyx tubular ; crown deeply lobed. ©. G. Native of the south of Peru, in the province of Tarapaca at Huataconda, where it is commonly called Agi de Zorra, i. e. Fox capsicum. Flowers reddish, ac- cording to the dried specimen. Fine-leaved Malesherbia. Fl. Feb. PI. J foot. Cult. This genus is composed of curious plants, bearing very showy singular flowers, and are therefore worthy of culture as ornaments. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or any light rich earth is a good soil for them. The shrubby species may either be increased by seeds ; or young cuttings will root if planted in light soil, under a hand-glass. The seeds of annual kinds require to be sown in a hot-bed, in order to forward the plants ; and after they have grown an inch in height, they may be potted off into small pots, and afterwards shifted into pots of increasing size, as they grow. Some of them may be planted out into the open border, in a sheltered situation, where they will probably flower and seed freely. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Order CVII. LOA'SEAE (plants agreeing with Loasa, in important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 18. diet. sc. nat. 27. p. 93. D. C. prod. 3. p. 339. — Loaseae-verae, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 115. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium, or girding it closely (f. 10. a. f. 12. a.) ; limb 5-parted (f. 11. a. f. 12. a.), rarely 4-parted, permanent. Petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx (f. 12. b. f. 11. b.), with an inflexed valvate aesti- vation, or double that number (f. 10. &.), and disposed in 2 series ; those of inner series, when present, usually much smaller (f. 10. b.) than those of the outer, scale-formed and truncate at the apex, inserted in the throat of the calyx. Stamens indefinite, arising from within the petals, disposed in several series, either distinct (f. 10. c.), or joined at the base in several parcels before each petal, within the cavity of which they lie in aestivation ; filaments subulate (f. 10. g.), unequal, the outer ones frequently destitute of anthers. Ovarium adnate LOASEiE. I. Bartonia. 61 to the calyx (f. 10. a. f. 11. e.), or inclosed within it, 1 -celled, with several parietal placentas (f. 11.), or with 1 free central lobed one. Style 1, composed of 3-5-7-joined ones, crowned by as many lobes or stigmas. Capsule dry or succulent, crowned by the calyx (f. 10. d. f. 11. g. f. 12. c.), 1-celled, with several parietal placentas (f. 11.), originating at the sutures, and therefore may be called marginal, 3-4-7-valved ; placentas equal in number to the valves, sometimes drawn out so far as to form dissepiments (f. 11./.). Seeds numerous, without arillus. Embryo lying in the axis of a fleshy albumen ; with the radicle pointing to the hilum, and flat small cotyledons. — American herbs more or less pilose or hispid, with the hairs or bristles usually stinging like those of the nettle, in consequence of their secreting an acrid juice. Leaves opposite or alternate, exstipulate, simple, but usually variously divided. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. Flowers elegant. This order is distinguished from Onagrariece by its unilocular ovaria, and indefinite stamens, part of which are sterile ; and perhaps by the latter character, and the addi- tional 5 petals, connected with Passi/lcrece, with which they sometimes also accord in habit. Their rigid stinging hairs, climbing habit, and lobed leaves resemble those of some Urti - cece. On the same account they may be compared with Cucur- bitacece, with which they further agree in their inferior unilocular fruit, with parietal placentas, and in the very generally yellow colour of their flowers. This, indeed, is the order with which, upon the whole, Loasece must be considered to have the closest affinity. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Bartonia. Tube of calyx cylindrical (f. 10. a.); limb 5- parted (f. 10. a.). Petals 5-10 (f. 10. b.), about equal in shape. Stamens numerous (f. 10. c.). Capsule 3-7-valved ; each pla- centa bearing 2 rows of seeds. 2 Beumenba'chia. Tube of calyx spirally twisted (f. 11. e.); limb 5 -parted (f. 11. g.). Petals 10 (f. 11. 5.); 5 outer ones cucullate, and the 5 inner ones scale-formed, each scale inclosing 2 sterile filaments. Fertile stamens disposed in 5 bundles (f. 11. b.). Fruit dividing into 10 parts at the base. 3 Loa'sa. Tube of calyx not twisted (f. 12. a.) ; limb 5- parted (f. 12. c.). Petals 10 (f. 12. b.); the 5 inner ones scale- formed, bearing 2 sterile filaments inside. Outer series of stamens sterile and free ; inner ones disposed in 5 bundles, but distinct. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved at the apex. 4 Caiophora. The fruit is oval, bursting into 3 valves from the base upwards ; the placentas then separate from the sides of the capsule, and have the appearance of 3 arched columellae. The rest as in Loasa. 5 Mentze'lia. Tube of calyx cylindrical (f. 13. b.); limb 5-lobed (f. 13. d.). Petals 5 (f. 13. a.). Stamens free, usually disposed in bundles (f. 13. e.). Capsule turbinate, 3-valved, few-seeded (f. 13./.). 6 Klaprothia. Calyx with a turbinate tube, and a 5- parted limb. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, 4-5 sterile in front of each sepal, and 4-5 fertile in front of each petal. Fruit baccate, few-seeded. I. BARTO'NIA (Benj. S. Barton, M. D., professor of botany at Philadelphia). Sims, bot. mag. t. 1487. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 297. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 327. D. C. prod. 3. p. 339. but not of Willd. Lin. syst. Icos&ndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx cylin- drical (f.10. a.), closely girding the ovarium, but probably distinct from it ; limb 5-parted (f. 10. a.), permanent. Petals 5-10 (f. 10. b.), unguiculate, the same shape, inserted in the calyx. Stamens indefinite (f. 10. c.), inserted with the petals, but shorter than them ; filaments free (f. 10. c.) ; outer ones sometimes sterile; anthers oblong. Style filiform (f. 10. e.), marked with 3-7 spi- ral stripes (f. 10. e.). Capsule oblong, 1-celled, 3-7-valved; placentas bearing 2 rows of seeds each. Seeds compres- sed.— Herbs downy from stiff and bearded hairs. Leaves alternate, interruptedly pinnatifid. Flowers large, terminal, solitary, white or yellow, expanding in the evening, becoming reddish as they fade. 1 B. orna'ta (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 297.) lobes of leaves acutish ; capsule surrounded by bracteas, 5-7-valved ; seeds some- what emarginate. $ . F. Native of Upper Louisiana, in argil- laceous soil, on the banks of the river Missouri. B. decapetala, Sims, bot. mag. 1487. Petals 10, white. Ornamental Bartonia. Fl.Jul. Sept. Clt. 1811. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 2 B. nu'da (Nutt. 1. c.) lobes of leaves obtuse; capsule 3- valved, naked ; seeds winged ; outer stamens petaloid, usually sterile. $ . F. Native on the banks of the Missouri, on gra- velly hills. Petals 10. .NaAed-fruited Bartonia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1811. Pl.lto2ft. 3 B. E/evicau'lis (Dougl. mss. ex Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 221. t. 69.) petals 5 ; petaloid stamens 5 ; bracteas wanting ; stems very smooth ; seeds winged. Q. H. Native of North America, on the gravelly islands and rocky shores of the Columbia, near the Great Falls. Flowers shining, yellow. An ornamental plant, not inferior to B. orndta, but differs from it in the want of the large, jagged bracteas, as well as in its fewer petals and winged 9 seeds. Smooth-stemmed Bartonia. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 4 B. parviflora (Dough mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 221.) petals 5; petaloid stamens 5-7; bracteas wanting; stem scabrous; seeds winged. $ . F.^ Native of North Ame- rica ; abundant in calcareous rocky situations, and micacious sandy banks of streams, in the interior parts of Columbia. Flowers smaller than those of the preceding species, but it is probably hardly more than a variety of that plant. It differs from B. nuda, Nutt, in the number of the petals. The name would be more applicable to the following species. Small-fomercd Bartonia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 5 B. albicau'lis (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 222.) petals 5, obovate, small ; petaloid stamens wanting ; brac- teas wanting ; stems short, shining, white. ©. H. Native of North America, on arid sandy plains of the river Colombia, under the shade of Purshia tridentata. Mentzelia albicaulis, Dougl. mss. Acrolasia bartonioides, Presl. reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 39. t. 55. Petals yellow. White-stemmed Bartonia. PI. decumbent. 6 B. albe'scens (Arnott, in Cheek, journ. 3. p. 273.) stem with a white shining epidermis ; leaves sinuately toothed ; cap- sule naked, 3-valved ; seed broadly marginate ; flowers dis- 62 L0ASE7E. II. Blumenbachia. III. Loasa. posed in a leafy panicle. $ . F. Native of Chili, in the Jarillal, or uncultivated grounds between Mendoza and the mountains; generally by the side of dry water courses, at about 3000 feet above the level of the sea. Sweet, fl. gard. new ser. t. 182. B. sinuata, Presl. reliq. Hsenk. 2. p. 38. Petals 10, pale yel- low. Filaments all dilated. Stigmas 3-lobed. This species does not turn black on drying, as in the other species, and is readily distinguished from them by the beautiful white down on the stem. Hoary Bartonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1831. PI. 1 to 4 feet. Cult. The seeds of the species should be raised in a gentle heat in spring ; and when the plants are of a proper size, they should be potted separately in small pots, and shifted from size to size of pots as they grow ; the pots should be well drained with sherds ; and in the winter they should be placed on a dry shelf in a greenhouse or frame. The flowers are very showy, and the plants are therefore worth cultivating in every garden. II. BLUMENBA'CHIA (in honour of John Freder. Blum- enbach, M.D. professor of medicine at Gottingen, chiefly dis- tinguished as a comparative anatomist). Schrad. in goett. anz. 1825. p. 1707. Comm. soc. goett. vol. 6. with a figure. D. C. prod. 3. p. 340. but not of Keel. Lin. syst. Polydelpliia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted (f. 11. g.), with the tube adhering to the ovarium. Petals 5 (f. 11. b.), inserted in the top of the calycine tube, cucullate, equal, spreading. Scales 5 (f. 11. b.), alternating with the petals, and inserted with them, furnished with 3 sterile filaments at the back of each, and clasping 2 subulate appendages inside. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the top of the calycine tube (f. 11. b.), disposed in 5 bundles, one opposite each petal ; anthers 2-celled, bursting inwardly. Ovarium joined to the tube of the calyx. Style simple (f. 11. /.). Capsule marked with 10 spiral ribs, 1 -celled, 10-valved; 5 of the valves thicker and broader than the other 5, with the placentas not reaching the axis ; the other 5 narrower, with placentas almost reaching the axis (f. 1 1 . h.), and bearing the seeds. Seeds rugged. — Branched, climbing, or trailing herbs, covered with stinging hairs. Leaves opposite, lobed. Flowers axillary, solitary, bracteate. 1 B. insignis (Schrad. 1. c.) lower leaves 7-5-lobed ; upper ones deeply bipinnatifid. ©. H. Native of Chili and Brazil, in the provinces of Cisplatine and Rio Grande do Sul, and about Monte Video ; also of Buenos Ayres. Reich, icon. exot. t. 121. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 170. B. parviflora, Gill. mss. Loasa palmata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 601. Trevir. in act. bot. 13. p. 181. t. 12. Loasa patula, Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1827. Flowers with whitish petals and reddish-yellow scales. Showy Blumenbachia. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1826. PI. tr. 2 B. palma'ta (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 208.) leaves deeply and palmately 3-5-lobed ; lobes pinnatifid. ©. H. Native of Brazil, on the confines of the province of Rio Grande de St. Pedro do Sul. Flowers with white petals ; scales with ciliated edges, yellow at the base, lined with white, and red above it, tipped with vermilion colour. Palmate-leaved Blumenbachia. PI. tr. 3 B. LATIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 209. t. 118.) leaves trifoliate ; lateral segments 3- lobed, unequal-sided, terminal one equal-sided, 3-5-lobed. © FIG. 11. province of St. Paul, between the towns of Rio Grande de St. Pedro do Sul and St. Francisco de Paulo. Flowers with white petals, and yellow scales tipped with orange colour, (f. 11.) Broad- leaved Blumenbachia. PI. tr. 4 B. punicea ; plant very hispid ; leaves opposite, pinnati- fid, having the segments jagged ; calycine lobes jagged, shorter than the petals, which are cucullate ; bundles of stamens poly- androus. ©. H. Native of Peru. Loasa punicea, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 446. ined. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Scarlet Blumenbachia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 5 B. pterospe'bma ; hispid ; leaves opposite, pinnatifid, rather cordate at the base; segments toothed; peduncles long, 1- flowered, axillary ; calycine segments toothed, shorter than the petals, which are cucullate; bundles of stamens polyandrous; stem climbing; seeds bordered by a wing. ©. H. Native of Peru. Loasa pterosperma, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 448. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Winged-seeded Blumenbachia. PI. cl. 6 B. sepia'ria ; stem climbing ; leaves opposite, pinnatifid, with the segments pinnatifid or coarsely toothed ; peduncles long, axillary, 1-flowered; calycine segments jagged, linear, longer than the petals, which are cucullate ; bundles of stamens polyandrous. ©. H. Native of Peru. Loasa sepiaria, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5 t. 449. ined. Hedge Blumenbachia. PI. cl. 7 B. micra'ntha ; hispid ; leaves opposite, ovate, serrated, petiolate ; peduncles many-flowered, racemose, terminal, and rising from the forks of the stem ; calycine lobes ovate, much shorter than the petals, which are cucullate, and holding 2 sta- mens each. ©. H. Native of Peru. Flowers very small. Loasa micrantha, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 442. Small -flowered Blumenbachia. PI. 1 foot. 8 B. grandiflora ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong, runci- nate, acute, somewhat cordate at the base ; pedicels 1-flowered, rising from the forks of them ; stem climbing. ©. H. Native of Peru. Loasa contorta, Lam. diet. 3. p. 579. D. C. prod. 3. p. 340. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 3. f. 1. Loitsa physiope- tala, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 447. ined. Flowers yellow. Great-flowered Blumenbachia. PI. cl. Cult. Elegant annual plants, with very showy flowers ; their culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for the species of Loasa, see p. 64. III. LOA'SA (meaning unknown to us). Adan. fam. 2. p. 501. Jacq. obs. 2. p. 15. Schreb. gen. no. 908. Juss. gen. p. 322. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. Lam. ill. t. 426. D. C. prod. 3. p. 340. — Ortiga, Feuill. per. 2. p. 757. Neck. elem. no. 1221. Loosa, Lin. prael. ed. gis. p. 334. Lin. syst. Polydelpliia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-cleft, with the tube adhering to the ovarium (f. 12. a.). Petals 5 (f. 12. b.), cucullate, equal, spreading, inserted in the top of the tube ; scales 5, inserted with the petals, furnished with 3 sterile fila- ments on the back of each, and girding 2 subulate appendages inside. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the top of the calycine tube, disposed in 5 bundles (f. 12. b.), opposite the petals ; anthers 2-celled, bursting inwardly. Ovarium joined to the calyx. Capsule crowned by the lobes of the calyx (f. 12. a.), S-valved at the top, 1 -celled ; placentas linear, alternating with the valves. Seeds rugged. — Branched, decumbent, or climbing herbs, beset with stinging hairs. Leaves alternate, or opposite, toothed or lobed. Flowers axillary, extra-axillary, or opposite the leaves, solitary or racemose. * Leaves opposite. 1 L. triloba (Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. t. 1. f. 3.) leaves cordate at the base, usually 3-lobed : lobes acute, toothed ; middle lobe usually somewhat 3-lobed ; pedicels axillary ; caly- LOASE.E. III. Loasa. 63 cine lobes small, acute. ©• H. Native of Peru and Chili, about Valparaiso. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 444. ined. Scales petaloid, equally and bluntly 3-lobed. Flowers small. Three-lobed-\eaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot. 2 L. acerjfolia (Juss. 1. c. p. 24. t. 1 . f. 2.) leaves nearly opposite, cordate at the base, 5-7-lobed; lobes acute, toothed; pedicels shorter than the floral leaves ; calycine lobes oblong, acuminated. © ? H. Native of Chili and Peru. Loasa viti- folia, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 443. ined. L. tricolor, Ker. bot. reg. 667. Scales as in L. triloba, but the calycine lobes are twice the length. Flowers with yellow petals and red scales. Maple-leaved, Loasa. PI. tr. 3 L. bryonialfolia (Schrad. cat. hort. goett. 1823. pi. rar. hort. goett. with a figure) leaves cordate, lower ones 5-lobed, stalked, upper ones 3-lobed, almost sessile ; all the lobes are sinuately lobed ; pedicels exceeding the floral leaves ; lobes of calyx a little toothed, acuminated. ©. H. Native of Chili. Stem erect, bristly. Flowers yellow, hardly smaller than those of L. acerifolia. Stigma blunt. Seeds without aril ; hylum lateral. Bryony-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot. 4 L. nitida (Lam. diet. 3. p. 581.) leaves cordate at the base, many-lobed ; lobes acute, toothed, lower ones usually pfnna- tifid ; pedicels axillary ; calycine lobes oblong, toothed, shorter than the petals ; wings of the corona very small, toothed, and stalked ; stamens much shorter than the petals ; style straight, shorter than the stamens ; sepals erect, much shorter than the pear-shaped fruit. ©• H. Native of Chili and Peru, on the mountains. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 2. f. 2. Trat. tabl. 1. t. 23. Hook. exot. fl. t. 83. bot. mag. 2372. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 445. Petals spreadingly reflexed, yellow, red at the base ; scales red. Lobes of leaves bluntish. Stems prostrate. Var.fi; leaves more deeply lobed; lobes narrower. — Chili, about Valparaiso. L. tricolor, Lindl. bot. reg. 667. Shining Loasa. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1822. Pl.tr. 5 L. sagitta'ta (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 238.) stems twining, pubescent ; leaves all petiolate, opposite, cordately- sagittate, acuminated, with rather lobed margins : the lobes crenated ; peduncles axillary and terminal, few-flowered ; caly- cine lobes ovate-oblong. ©. r'. H. Native of Chiloe. There has none of the stinging hairs, so peculiar to this genus, been observed on this species. Sagittate- leaved Loasa. PI. tw. 6 L. elonga'ta (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 239.) stems much elongated, nearly simple, shining ; leaves remote, oppo- site, petiolate, cordate at the base, 5-7-lobed ; peduncles axil- lary, few-flowered, twice the length of the leaves ; calycine lobes broadly ovate, shorter than the petals, which are red ; fruit hemispherical. Q. H. Native of Chili, about Coquimbo. Elongated- stemmed Loasa. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 7 L. prostra’ta (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p. 274.) stems prostrate, flexuous ; leaves opposite, sessile, cordate, ovate, deeply angular ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, about twice the length of the leaves ; calycine lobes lanceolate, longer than the fruit, and about equal in length to the petals ; valves of capsule closely beset by long, rigid hairs ; seeds egg- shaped, large, with a smooth testa. ©. H. Native of Chili, on La Cuesta de los Manantiales, Cerro de San Pedro Nolasco, &c. Plant covered with long, rigid, stinging hairs. V ar. fi, Cumingii (Hook, et Arnott, in bot. misc. 3. p. 239.) segments of leaves bipinnatifidly and sinuately toothed. About Valparaiso, and on the mountains near Aconcugua. In the spe- cies the segments of the leaves are simply and sinuately toothed. Prostrate Loasa. PI. prostrate. 8 L. fa'llida (Gill. mss. ex Arn. in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p. 274.) epidermis of stem loose, and shining ; leaves opposite, all pe- tiolate, ovate, coarsely toothed ; panicles opposite, axillary, much longer than the leaves ; pedicels short, in the forks, about equal in length to the flowers ; calycine lobes linear-oblong, one half shorter than the petals. G- H. Native of Chili, among loose debris, on the banks of the El Rio del Yeso, near Arroyo de San Nicholas, at the elevation of about 5000 feet, &c., where it is called by the inhabitants Cavalluna. The plant is most nearly allied to L. sclarece folia, Juss. but that does not appear to have the loose epidermis on the stem, and the leaves are much larger. The pedicels in the forks of the panicle are elongated. Pale Loasa. PI. prostrate. 9 L. lateritia (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edin. journ. 3. p. 275.) stems almost wanting; leaves opposite, on long pe- tioles, pinnate ; segments roundish, crenated, lobed ; peduncles twin, 1-flowered, terminal, about equal in length to the leaves ; calycine lobes oval, exceeding the tube, but one half shorter than the corolla. G* H. Native of Chili, at Los Imposibles, near the foot of the descent from the Planchon towards Chili, and in El Valle de Tray Carlos, at the base of the volcano of Pateroa, at an elevation of 9000 feet. This species is readily distin- guished by its large flowers of a brick red colour, and by its very short stems and radical branches, each of which bear 1 or 2 pairs of opposite leaves, and between the upper pair of which arise 2 1-flowered peduncles, terminating the branch. Seeds with a strongly reticulated testa like the next species ; and as in it the hairs are short and not stinging. Z?n‘eA:-coloured- flowered Loasa. PI. prostrate. 10 L. pinnatifida (Gill. mss. ex Arnott in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p. 275.) stems nearly erect; leaves opposite, on long petioles : radical and lower ones pinnate : segments pinnatifid, with round- ish approximate lobes ; upper leaves pinnatifid ; peduncles axil- lary, usually 1-flowered ; calycine lobes ovate, much shorter than the corolla, and half the length of the fruit. G- H. Native of Chili, at La Cuesta del Inga, at an elevation of about 9000 feet. Plant with short rigid, but not stinging hairs. Pinnatifid- leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot. 11 L. disse'cta (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 240.) stem erectisb, strong, a little branched at the apex, with a loose white epidermis ; petioles opposite, lower ones elongated, becoming gradually shorter to the top of the stem ; leaves tripinnatifid, with the ultimate segments ovate-obtuse ; pedicels short, rising from the forks of the stem ; calycine lobes narrow-oblong, not half so long as the petals. G- H. Native about Valparaiso, Los Ogos de Agua, and Aconcugua. Dissected- leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot. 12 L. heteropiiy'lla (Hook, et Arn. dn bot. misc. 3. p. 228.) stem prostrate, dichotomous ; leaves opposite, on short petioles ; lower ones small, hastately triangular, coarsely toothed : lower floral ones nearly reniform, 5-lobed, with the lobes nearly equal, and furnished with 1 or 2 teeth each ; but the middle lobe of the uppermost leaves is rather lengthened ; peduncles in the forks longer than the leaves ; calycine lobes oblong-lanceolate, about equal in length to the petals; fruit conically hemispherical. G- H. Native about Valpai-aiso? and at Los Ogos de Agua. The stem is rarely pubescent ; but the branches, particularly in their upper part, and the turbinate tube of the calyx, are provided with long sharp spreading hairs. Variable-leaved, Loasa. PI. prostrate. 13 L. acanthifolia (Lam. diet. 3. p. 579.) leaves cordate at the base, pinnatifid ; lobes acuminated, sinuately toothed ; pe- dicels axillary, and also from the forks, solitary, 1-flowered; lobes of calyx narrow, acuminated, reflexed, equal in length to the petals, which are bidentate. ©. H. Native of Chili. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 3. f. 2. L. nitida, bot. mag. 2372? L. cymbaepetala, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 442. b. ined. Ortiga 8 LOASEiE. III. Loasa. 64 Chilensis, Feuill. obs. 2. p. 7 57. t. 43. Petals yellow. Scales red. Herb erect, 4 feet high. The leaves are often alternate. Acantlius-leaved Loasa. PI. 4 to 5 feet. 14 L. Ruizi'ana ; leaves opposite, ovate, coarsely serrated, hoary from down, petiolate; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1- flowered ; calycine segments acute, much shorter than the petals, which are cucullate. ©.LI. Native of Peru. L. incana, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. vol. 5. t. 441. ined. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Ruiz’s Loasa. PI. 1 foot. 15 L. sclareasfolia (Juss. 1. c. 5. p. 25. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves ovate-oblong, sinuately lobed ; lobes acute, toothed ; upper leaves sessile; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered in the forks of the stem ; calycine lobes oblong, acuminated, shorter than the pe- tals. ©. H. Native of Chili, where it is called Urtica brava, Tratt. t. 22. Scales emarginate at the apex. Sclary-leaved Loasa. PI. tr. 16 L. Pla'cei (Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 97.) leaves cordate at the base, many lobed : upper ones sessile ; pedicels axillary ; sepals hardly toothed, reflexed, length of petals ; the wings of the corona sessile, and quite entire ; the longest of the stamens as long as the petals ; style bent, longer than the stamens ; capsule obovate, shorter than the reflexed sepals. ©. H. Native of Chili. L. acanthifolia, Ker, bot. reg. t. 785. but not of Juss. Flowers yellow, with red scales. Place’s Loasa. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1822. PI. 4 to 6 feet. 17 L. grandiflora (Lam. diet. 3. p. 580.) lower leaves oppo- site ; upper ones alternate, cordate at the base, 5-lobed ; lobes deeply toothed ; flowers axillary and terminal, on long pedicels ; lobes of calyx acuminated, shorter than the petals. 0. H. Na- tive of Peru. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 26. t. 4. f. 2. Tratt. tab. t. 29. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 440. Lower leaves on long, and upper on short petioles. Flowers yellow. Scales oblong, 2- lobed, not appendiculate on the outside. Great-flowered Loasa. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1825. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 18 L. floribu'nda (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 239.) root simple, fusiform ; stem short, with a loose epidermis, simple beneath the inflorescence, but much branched and panicled above ; leaves oval-oblong, petiolate : cauline ones opposite, sinuately lobed, coarsely toothed, cordate at the base : lower floral ones alternate, sinuately lobed : upper floral ones smaller, cuneated at the base, tootl ed or quite entire ; pedicels short, rising from the forks of the stems ; calycine lobes elliptic, acute, attenuated at the base, shorter than the apiculated petals ; scales furnished with 3 appendages each on the back above the middle. ©. H. Native about Valparaiso, and on the Cordillera of Chili. Bundle-jlorvered Loasa. PI. 1 foot. * * Leaves alternate. 19 L. Loxe'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 116.) leaves alternate, and nearly opposite, ovate-oblong, 3-5-lobed ; lobes irregularly toothed ; middle lobe very large ; flowers ter- minal and axillary, somewhat racemose ; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved. Tj . S. Native of Peru, near Loxa. Leaves white beneath. Flowers yellow'. Scales rounded at the apex, drawn out into a lobe at both ends. Herb suffruticose branched. Loxa Loasa. Shrub. 20 L. argemonoides (Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 26.) leaves cor- date, sinuately lobed, tomentose on both surfaces, white beneath ; flowers terminal and axillary, pedicellate ; lobes of calyx lanceo- late, one-half shorter than the petals. 1/ . S. Native of South America, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 53. 1. 15. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 26. Tratt. tab. t. 30. Flowers nearly 3 inches in diameter. Scales bifid, furnished with 2 acute lobes, which are gibbous at the base. Argemone-lihe Loasa. PI. 6 to 10 feet. 21 L. rancnculifolia (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 50. t. 14.) leaves all alternate, somewhat orbicular, cordate, toothed, clothed with yellowish tomentum above, and silky white tomen- tum beneath ; flowers terminal and axillary, somewhat race- mose ; lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute. 1/. S. Native of Peru, on the Andes near Caxamarca. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 117. Tratt. tab. t. 27. Flowrers large, yellow. Scales bifid, bigibbous at the base. Crow-foot-leaved Loasa. PI. 2 feet. 22 L. inca'na (Graham in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1830.) plant suffruticose, reddish, erectish ; leaves scattered, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, hoary, deeply serrated, scabrous ; peduncles 1 -flowered, opposite the leaves. Ip . G. Native of Peru, from Yazo to the valley of Canta. Corolla white. Whole plant covered densely with harsh barbed white hairs, intermixed by a few stinging ones. Cuticle papery, and pealing off. Hoary Loasa. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1830. PI. 2 feet. 23 L. Xanthjifolia (Juss. 1. c. t. 2. f. 1.) leaves petiolate, cordate, oblong, acute, coarsely toothed ; pedicels extra-axillary ; lobes of calyx oblong, hardly acute. ©. H. Native of Peru. Flowers small, yellow. Stems a foot and halfhigh. Trat. tab. t. 26. Xanthium-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot. 24 L. chenopodi folia (Lam. diet. 3. p. 550.) leaves petiolate, somewhat ovate, deeply toothed ; racemes loose, leafy, terminal ; flowers drooping. ©. H. Native of Peru. Perhaps a mere variety of the preceding, according to Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 26. Goosefoot-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 25 L. parviflora (Schrad. pi. rar. bras. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 342.) leaves on long petioles, ovate-cordate, sinuately 3-7- lobed, hairy ; flowers racemose ; racemes extra axillary, few- flowered, shorter than the leaves ; lobes of calyx acutish. ©. H. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. Peduncles and calyxes bristly. Flowers with white petals and brown scales. Bristles or sterile stamens at back of scales white. Small-Jlowered Loasa. PI. trailing. 26 L. a'spera (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 441. h .) hispid; leaves alternate, angularly lobed, and coarsely toothed ; pedun- cles solitary, lateral ; calyx long, very hispid ; calycine segments ovate, longer than the petals. ©. H. Native of Peru. Rough Loasa. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 27 L. AMBROSIA2FOLIA (JuSS. 1. c. t. 4. f. 1.) leaves petiolate, bipinnatifid ; lobes and lobules bluntish ; pedicels extra-axil- lary ; lobes of calyx lanceolate- linear, acute, shorter than the petals. ©. H. Native of Peru. Stem a foot high, hardly branch- ed. Herb beset with yellowish prickles. Flow'ers yellow, an inch in diameter. Tratt. tab. t. 31. Scales bifid, not appendi- culate on the outside. Var. (3, liispida (D. C. prod. 3. p. 342.) lobes of leaves very numerous, broader and more crowded. Loasa urens, Jacq. obs. 2. p. 15. t. 33. Lam. diet. 3. p. 578. Tratt. tab. t. 32. L. lnspida, Lin. syst. ed. 12. p. 364. L. bipinnatifida, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 439. ined. Ambrosia-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot. 28 L. volu'bilis (Juss. 1. c. t. 5. f. 1.) leaves alternate and opposite, bipinnatifid ; lobes linear, obtuse ; flowers terminal and axillary, pedicellate ; lobes of calyx a little toothed, one half shorter than the petals ; stem twining. ©. H. Native of Chili, near Conception, in sandy places ; and of Peru. Tratt. tab. FIG. 12. LOASEAL III. Loasa. IV. Caiophora. V. Scyphanthus. VI. Mentzelia. 65 t. 34. L. multifida, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 443. b. Scales 2-lobed. Flowers small, yellow. Twining Loasa. PI. tw. 29 L. triphy'lla (Juss. 1. c. p. 27. t. 5. f. 2.) leaves for the most part cut into 3 stalked, oblong, toothed segments : a few tripartite ; pedicels extra-axillary ; calycine lobes elliptic-oblong. ©. H. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in the high plains. Tratt. tab. 1. t. 21. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. G. p. 118, Stems ascending. Three-leaved Loasa. PI. ascending, 1 foot. 30 L. papaverifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 118.) leaves trifoliate; segments or leaflets stalked, oblong, toothed : middle leaflet large, pinnatifid ; flowers opposite the leaves, disposed in something like racemes ; lobes of calyx ellip- tic, 3-nerved. ©. H. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu. Stem simple, ascending. Flowers white. There is a figure in the Flora Mexicana which agrees with this plant, except that the petals are drawn bifid at the apex. Poppy-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot. Cult. All the species of Loasa bear such beautiful flowers, that they are all worth cultivating for ornament, but they are so full of stings that it is impossible to handle them. The seeds of the annual species should be sown early in spring in the open ground, and the plants so raised will flower and pro- duce seed the same season ; or the seeds may be sown in pots, and reared in a hot-bed, and the plants may afterwards be planted out in the open border, in any convenient situation. All the species require a rich light soil and a warm situation. Some of the species are said to be perennial ; we suppose all would be so if they were protected from frost. IV. CAIOPHORA (meaning not explained). Presl. in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 43. Lin. syst. Polydelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted; seg- ments jagged. Petals 5, unguiculate, concave. Scales 5, peta- loid, emarginate, or 4-toothed at the apex, each furnished with 4 sterile filaments inside. Stamens numerous, disposed in 5 bundles. Style trigonal, permanent ; stigmas 3, conniving. Capsule ovate-oblong, with elevated spiral ribs, crowned by the reflexed calyx, 1 -celled, many-seeded, opening at 3 of the su- tures. Placentas marginal in the valves, but at length distinct from them. Seeds angular, echinated by bristles or reticulated. — Usually climbing plants, with the habit of Loasa, beset with stinging hairs. Peduncles 1 -flowered. Flowers yellow. This genus differs from Loasa and Blumenbachia in the dehiscence of the capsule, in the scales being furnished with 4 sterile filaments instead of 3, and in many other points. There are several plants now referred to the genus Blumenbachia which belong to this ge- nus; viz. B. grandiflora, which is Caiophora contorta, Presl. reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 42. and B. punicea, which is evidently the Caiophora circiifolia, Presl. 1. c. t. 54. and carduifolia, Presl. 1. c. p. 42. 1 C. corona' ta (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc, 3. p. 238.) stems short ; leaves opposite, petiolate, pinnate ; segments bi- pinnatifid : lobules denticulated; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, elongated ; calycine lobes pinnatifid, with linear segments, longer than the ovarium. ©. H. Native of Chili, on both sides of the Cordillera of the Andes, between Mendoza and Chili, at an elevation of 8500 to 1 1 ,000 feet. The furrows of the fruit are nearly straight, or hardly spiral, so that this species partakes in some degree of the characters of Loasa. Loasa coronata, Gill, mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, in edinb. journ. 3. p. 274. C. ab- sinthaefolia, Presl. in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 43. Crowned Caiophora. PI. prostrate, rising 1 to 2 feet. Cult. See Loasa for culture and propagation. V. SCYPHA'NTHUS (^0£, scyphos, a cup, and arOog, VOL. III. anthos, a flower ; in reference to the form of the flowrer). Sweet, fl. gard. t. 238. Lin. syst. Pulyadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx deeply 5- parted, permanent, equal. Petals 5, inserted in the base of the calyx, on very short claws, concave, equal. Scales inserted with the petals, peltate at the apex, lobed, 3-horned. Stamens nu- merous, perigynous, the 10 exterior ones destitute of anthers ; and these are placed by twos opposite the scales, and are longer than the rest, which are disposed in 5 fascicles opposite the petals ; anthers 2-celled, erect. Ovarium prismatic, silique- formed ; style one, erect, trigonal. Capsule prismatic, silique- formed, crowned by the tube of the calyx, 3-valved at the apex ; seeds oval, wrinkled. — A twining herb, having its branches beset with retrograde strigae. Leaves opposite, pinnatifid ; superior ones bipinnatifid, hispid from hairs. Flowers sessile, erect, solitary, yellow. 1 S. e'legans (Sweet, 1. c.). ©. H. Native of Chili. Stem dichotomous. Segments of leaves obtuse, ciliated. Gram- matocarpus volubilis, Presl. symb. bot. 1. p. 61. t. 38. Elegant Scyphanthus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. cl. Cult. An elegant plant. For its culture and propagation, see Loasa. VI. MENTZE'LIA (in honour of Christian Mentzelius ; physician to the Elector of Brandenburgh ; published Centuria Plantarum Circa Gedanum, 4to. 1650. and Index nominum Plan- tarum Multilinguis, fol. 1682. 1696. and 1715.). Plum. nov. gen. 40. t. 6. Lin. gen. no. 670. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. Lam. ill. t. 425. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 119. D. C. prod. 3. p. 343. — On&grae spec. Tour. Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, with a cylindrical, somewhat 5-furrowed tube, and 5 lanceolate or subulate, equal lobes (f. 13. d.). Petals 5 (f. 10. «.), equal, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the calyx. Stamens indefinite (f. 13. e.), multiple the number of the petals, and inserted with them ; filaments free, usually disposed in 5 bun- dles ; anthers erect, ovate, bilocular. Ovarium adnate to the calycine tube. Styles 3, connected to the middle or to the top, marked by 3 corresponding stripes. Capsule turbinately cylin- drical, crowned by the calycine lobes (f. 13. f.), 1 -celled, 3- valved at the apex. Seeds 3-6-9, or irregular in number in con- sequence of abortion, inserted in 3 parietal placentas. — Erect, branched, dichotomous herbs, rough from bearded or glochidate stiff hairs. Leaves alternate, or nearly opposite, coarsely toothed. Flowers of a deep orange colour, solitary, almost sessile in the forks of the stem, or pseudo-axillary from one of the branches being abortive, expanding in the height of- the sun. * Stamens 20-25, all nearly equal. Seeds 3-6. Flowers smaller. 1 M. a'spera (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 516.) petals roundish-oval, obtuse, hardly longer than the calycine limb, but much exceed- ing the stamens. ©. F. Native of the Antilles (Plum. ed. Burm. t. 174. f. 1.); Jamaica (P. Browne, jam. p. 249.) ; St. Domingo (Bertero). Seeds 5 ; parietal smooth, compressed. Hairs on plant glochidate at the apex. Rough Mentzelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 2 M. oligospe'rma (Nutt, in Sims, bot. mag. t. 1760.) petals oval, acuminated, longer than the calyx, but very little longer than the stamens. !£. G. Native of Louisiana, on the banks of the river Missouri, among rocks. M. aurea, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 300. Root tuberous, succulent. Seeds 3, smooth, linear- oblong. Hairs on plant bearded their whole length. Few-seeded Mentzelia. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 to 2 ft. * * Stamens 30-100, the 10 exterior ones the longest. Seeds 6-9. Flowers larger than those of the last section. 3 M. hispida (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1176.) petals obovate, mu- 66 LOASE.dE. VI. Mentzelia. VII. Klaprothia. TURNERACEiE. cronately acuminated, longer than the calyx ; stamens 30-35 ; leaves and flowers nearly sessile. G. Native of Mexico. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. M. aspera, Cav. icon. 1. p. 51. t. 70. exclusive of the synonyms. Flowers 15 lines in diameter. FIG. 13. Seeds 6, ovate, compressed. Root violently purgative, and is used in the cure of syphilis. The Mexican name of the plant is Zazale. Hispid Mentzelia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 feet. 4 M. sTRiGhsA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 120.) petals obovate, mucro- nately cuspidate, 2 or longer than the calyx ; about 50 ; leaves and almost sessile ; hairs branches retrograde. 3 times stamens flowers on the G. Native of Mexico, near Rio Sar- co. Filaments of outer stamens dilated at the apex. Ovula 10. Strigose Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 5 M. sca'bra (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) petals obovate, acute, a little longer than the calyx; stamens 100-110; flowers sessile in the forks of the stems ; leaves petiolate. 1/ . G. Native of New Granada, on the Andes about Pasto. Seeds scabrous, 6-9. Ncairows-seeded Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 6 M. grandiflora (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 441. ined.) petals obovate, pointed, much longer than the calyx ; calycine lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed when the flowers are open ; stamens numerous, from 30-40, unequal, outer ones the longest ; leaves alternate, ovate, coarsely toothed, on short petioles. If. G. Native of Peru. Great-jlowered Mentzelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 7 M. hirta (Pav. in herb. Lamb.) calyx covered with long hairs ; calycine segments lanceolate, much shorter than the petals \ stamens numerous ; leaves cordate, lobed, obtuse, alter- nate, clothed with soft pubescence ; peduncles many-flowered. 14. G. Native of Mexico, (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Hairy Mentzelia. PI. 1 foot. 8 M. stipita'ta (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 343.) petals oval, mucronately cuspidate, much longer than the calyx ; stamens 30-40 ; flowers and leaves stipi- tate. If. G. Native of Mexico. Presl. in Haenk. reliq. 2. p. 40. Branches, pedicels, and ovaries scabrous from hairs. Leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-lobed, doubly toothed. Flowers lateral and terminal, solitary. Stipitate-fi owered Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. The species grow well in any light rich soil; and cut- tings will root readily in sand, under a hand-glass. They are also easily reared from seeds, which ripen in this country. VII. KLAPRO'THIA (in honour of Martin Henry Klap- roth, of Berlin, a celebrated chemist, and great friend of Hum- boldt). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 121. t. 537. D. C. prod. 3. p. 343. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, with a turbinate tube and a 4-parted limb; lobes ovate, equal. Pe- tals 4, on very short claws. Stamens numerous, especially 4-5 fertile ones in front of each petal ; these are longer than the others, and 4-5 sterile ones in front of each sepal ; these are pilose, and somewhat dilated at the apex into a 2-lobed membrane. Styles 4, connected together almost to the apex in one. Ovarium 1- celled, 8-nerved inside, and 4-ovulate ; ovula pendulous, fixed to the nerves opposite the sepals. Fruit baccate. Herb twin- ing ; branches scabrous from retrograde hairs. Leaves oppo- 8 site, sharply toothed, stalked. Peduncles cymosely corymbose at the tops of the branches. Flowers white. 1 K. Mentzelioidf.s (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.). ©. H. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu, near the volcanos. Mentzelia-liJce Klaprothia. PI. tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Loasa, p. 65. Order CVIII. TURNERACE.ZE (plants agreeing with Turnera in important characters). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 123. D. C. prod. 3. p. 345. Calyx free, usually coloured more or less, profoundly 5 -cleft (f. 14. a.), deciduous ; lobes equal, imbricate in aestivation. Petals 5, equal (f. 14. b.), inserted into the upper part of the tube of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, narrow at the base, twisted in aestivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the calyx below the petals, and alternating with them ; filaments free, flat ; anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled (f. 14. c.). Ovarium free, 1-celled (f. 14. d.), many-ovulate. Ovula ascending (f. 14./.), fixed to 3 linear parietal placentas. Styles 3 (f. 14. e .) or 6, usually more or less deeply bifid, and cleft into many stigmas at tbe apex (f. 14. e.). Capsule 3- valved, 1-celled (f. 14./.); valves bearing the seeds in their middle, along a longitudinal placenta, opening from the apex as far as the middle. Seeds subcylindrical, carved, crustaceous, reticulated, furnished with a thin, membranous arillus on one side. Hilum situated at the base of the seed. Embryo in the centre of a fleshy albumen, somewhat incurved, spatulate, with the radicle turned towards the hilum, and with plano-subconvex cotyledons. — Shrubs, subshrubs, and herbaceous plants, with a simple pubescence. Leaves alternate or scattered, simple, ex- stipulate, with occasionally 2 glands at the apex of the petioles, toothed, rarely pinnatifid. Flowers axillary, sessile, or pe- dunculate ; the peduncles either distinct or connected with the petioles, simple and 1 -flowered or branched and many- flowered, articulated in the middle or furnished with 2 small bracteoles. Petals yellow or yellowish, rarely blue. This order is placed by De Candolle between Loasece and Fouquie- racece, chiefly it would seem on account of its manifest relation to the former, and its perigynous stamens. With Malvaceae it agrees in the twisted aestivation of the corolla and habit. With Loasece and Passiflorece, they have also much in common. In the structure of the fruit it agrees with Violariece and Cistinece, but differs in the petals and stamens 'being inserted into the calyx, and the circumstance of their certain relationship to Cistinece gives great weight to the ingenious approximation, by M. Du Petit Thours, of Passiflorece to Violariece. The pre- sence of glands upon the ends of the petioles of Turneraeece is a confirmation of their affinity to the former. It is distinguished from Loasece by the fruit being superior and 1-celled, with pa- rietal placentas, and by the definite stamens ; the former cha- racter is, however, weakened by the nearly superior fruit of some Loasece. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 Turne'ra. Styles 3 (f. 14. e.), simple, divided at the apex into multifid stigmas (f. 14. e.). Capsule opening from the top to the middle. TURNERACEiE. I. Turnera. 67 2 Perique'ta. Styles 3, deeply 2-parted, crowned by 2 mul- tifid stigmas each. Capsule opening from the top to the base. I. TURNE'RA (so named by Linnaeus in memory of William Turner, M.D., Prebendary of York, Canon of Windsor, and Dean of Wells ; student of Pembroke Hall in Cambridge, 1538 ; died 1568. Author of a New Herbal, London, 1551. fol. Se- cond part, Cologn, 1562. Second edition, Collen, 1566, with the addition of a third part, &c.). Plum. gen. p. 15. t. 12. Lin. gen. 376. Juss. gen. 313. Gaertn. fruct. l.p. 366. t. 76. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 123. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 212. — Turnera, sect. 1. Lam. ill. t. 212. diet. 8. p. 141. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Trigynia. Calyx tubularly funnel- shaped (f. 14. a.). Styles 3 (f. 14. e.), simple, cleft at the apex into multifid stigmas (f. 14. e.). Capsule opening from the apex to the middle. § 1. Peduncles joined with the petioles, bibracteate. * Leaves biglandular at the base. 1 T. ulmifolia (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 965.) leaves oblong, acute, serrated, pubescent above, but clothed with white tomen- tum beneath, and biglandular at the base ; flowers almost ses- sile ; styles shorter than the stamens. $ . S. Native of South America every where ; common in Brazil. Lin. hort. cliff. 122. t. 10. — Sloan, hist. 1. t. 127. f. 4-5. — Mill. fig. t. 268. f. 2. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of Linum trigynum. Var. (3, angustifolia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 346.) leaves oblong- lanceolate. . S. Native along with the species. T. angus- tifolia, Curt. bot. mag. t. 281. Link. enum. 1. p. 293. T. ulmifolia /3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1503. Elm-leaved Turnera. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1733. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 2 T. cuneiformis (Juss. in Poir. diet. 8. p. 142.) leaves cu- neiformly obovate, coarsely serrated, pubescent above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath, and biglandular at the base ; flowers nearly sessile. T? . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro. Spreng. nov. prov. 42. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 213. Otto, in hort. berol. 36. T. obtusifolia, Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 36. no. 3. Petals yellow, with the claws brownish. Cap- sule globose. Var. (3; leaves and branches closely clotbed with tomentum; stem dwarf. T. odorata, Vahl. in herb. Juss. Wedge-formed- leaved Turnera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 3 T. trioniflora (Sims, bog. t. 2106.) leaves oblong-lanceo- late, coarsely serrated, cuneated at the base, and quite entire, pubescent ; flowers sessile ; styles exceeding the stamens. 1? . S. Native of Brazil, island of Trinidad, and Mexico. T. elegans, Otto, 1. c. Link, enum. 1. p. 293. Petals pale yellow, or sul- phur-coloured, with purplish-brown claws. Bracteoles subu- late. Flowers as large as those of Bladder -ketmia. Ketmia-florvered Turnera. Fl. year. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 4 T. lamiifolia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 213.) leaves roundish- obovate, unequally crenate-toothed, clothed with soft hairs above and woolly tomentum beneath, biglandular at the base ; flowers on short peduncles ; styles a little shorter than the stamens. 1? . S. Native of Brazil, in the southern part of the province of Goyaz. Petals yellow, rather truncate at the apex. Dead-nettle-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 foot. 5 T. lanceola'ta (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 214.) leaves linear- lanceolate, acute, nearly entire, hairy, biglandular at the base beneath ; flowers almost sessile. Jj • S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Goyaz and Minas Geraes. Petals obovate- oblong, yellow. Styles exceeding the stamens a little. Lanceolate- leaved Turnera. Shrub foot. 6 T. oblongifolia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 215.) leaves ob- long, acute, obsoletely and dentately serrated, beset with rufes- cent hairs, biglandular at the base beneath ; flowers almost ses- sile; styles a little longer than the stamens. T? . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul, in grassy pastures and fields. Petals oblong, obovate, yellow. Oblong-leaved Turnera. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 7 T. cceru'lea (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 346.) leaves oblong, coarsely serrated, but quite entire at the base, and hardly attenuated, clothed with adpressed villi beneath, biglandular at the top of the petiole ; flowers sessile ; styles longer than the stamens. 1£. S. Native of Mexico. This species is very like T. trioniflbra, but differs in the leaves being on shorter petioles, and in being hardly attenuated at the base, as well as in the hairs on the lower surface of the leaves being adpressed. Bulb subfuscous. Flowers blue. Bluc-h owered Turnera. PI. \ to 1 foot. 8 T. subula'ta (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 36. no. 2.) leaves ovate, acute, serrated, clothed with white soft hairs ; bracteoles linear-subulate; flowers sessile. %. S. Native of New Gra- nada. Capsule pilose. Glands of leaves broad.