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A.
GENERAL HISTORY
OF THE
DICHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS,
COMPRISING COMPLETE
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT ORDERS;
TOGETHER WITH THE
CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES, AND AN ENUMERATION OF THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES;
THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH, TIME OF FLOWERING, MODE OF CULTURE, AND
USES IN MEDICINE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY;
THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES ACCENTUATED, THEIR ETYMOLOGIES EXPLAINED, AND THE CLASSES AND ORDERS
ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS,
AND PRECEDED BY INTRODUCTIONS TO THE LINNyEAN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS,
AND A GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS USED:
THE WHOLE
ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM.
BY GEORGE DON, F.L.S.
IN FOUR VOLUMES.
Vol. iil— calyciflorjs.
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4
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LONDON:
PRINTED FOR J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON ; J. AND W. T. CLARKE; LONGMAN AND CO.; T. CADELL ; J. RICHARDSON ; JEFFERY
AND SON; BALDWIN AND CRADOCK ; J. BOOKER; J. BOOTH; HARVEY AND DARTON ; S. BAGSTER ; SHERWOOD AND CO.;
HARDING AND LEPARD ; J. F. SETCHEL ; WHITTAKER AND CO.; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; AND E. HODGSON.
MDCCCXXXIV.
LONDON :
GILBERT & RIVINGTOK, PRINTERS,
ST. JOHN'S SQUARE.
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME,
COMPRISING THE
SYSTEMATIC AND ENGLISH GENERIC NAMES, AND THE ENGLISH AND SYSTEMATIC SYNONYMES.
» * In this Index the systematic names used, and the English names in common use, are in Roman letters ; the synonymes in Italics ; the names of Classes,
Sub-classes, and Orders in large capitals ; and the names of Sub-orders and Tribes in small capitals.
A.
Abelia, 452
Ach-weed, 288
Achyrantlies, 89. 91
Acicarpha, 696
Aciphylla, 318.
Acrolasia, 61
Acrodryon, 610
Acrotriche, 780, 781
Actinanthus, 274
Actinophyllum, 390, 391
Actinotus, 263
Aculeosa, 745
Acunnia, 849
Adamia, 235
Adenophora, 769-771
Adina, 471, 472
Adoxa, 383
ALginetia, 486. 663
.Egopodium, 287, 288
jEthusa, 305, 306
Mthusa, 282. 284. 305. 320.
Agapetes, 862, 863
Agarista, 837-838
Agasyllis, 347
Agasyllis, 330. 336
Agostana, 296
Aidia, 452
Aikinia, 738, 739
Aizoon, 153, 154
Aixoon, 152
Ajouan, 285
Ajawain, 285
Ajava-seed, 285
A lacospermum, 291
Alaternus, 446
Alepidea, 266
Alexanders, 380, 381
Alibertia, 542
Allasia, 43
All-seed, 93
Alseis, 512
Alsinoides, 82
Alternanthera, 92
Amaioua, 488, 489
Amajoua, 488
Amaracarpus, 562
Amber-tree, 636
Ambraria, 636
Ambraria, 635, 636
Ammannia, 536
Ammi, 286, 287
Ammi, 280. 283, 284. 289. 312
Ammine.*, 274
Ammios, 284
Ammoides, 284
Ammoniac, 328, 329
Ammyrsine, 851
Amordica, 35
Ampelosicvos, 39
Anacampseros, 75, 76
Anacampseros, 80. 114-116
Ancylanthus, 559
Anderosacme, 519
Andersonia, 784
A rider sonia, 721
Andrachne, 834
Andromeda, 829
Andromeda, 829-833. 835-840.
850. 857
Andromede-e, 828
Anethum, 336, 337
Anethum, 282. 306, 307- 338
Angelica, 322, 323
Angelica, Garden, 324
Angelica, 275. 315. 317- 319.
321-324. 334. 335. 348
Angelice-e, 321
Anguina, 38
Ang'uria, 42
Anidrum, 381
Anisanthus, 452
Anise, 294
Anisosciadium, 371
Anisum, 294
Annesorhiza, 304
Anonymus, 535
Anopterus, 195
Anotis, 533-535
Antacanthus, 569
Anthactinia, 51
Antherura, 584
Anthosperme/E, 634
Anthospermum, 635, 636
Anthospermum, 635
Anthotium, 727
Anthriscus, 364, 365
Anthriscus, 295. 362. 366
Anthyllis, 93
Antiphylla, 214
Antirrhcea, 553
Antonia, 598
Anychia, 88
Anychia, 89
Anys-wortle, 305
Aparine, 656. 658, 659
Aparinece, 637
Aparincs, 637
Apenula, 768
Aphyllantes, 733
Apinella, 281
Apium, 276-279
Apium, 279, 280. 285, 286.
288. 294, 295. 316, 317
Apocynum, 561
Apradus, 372
Arabidia, 207
Arachnimorpha, 516
Aralia, 378, 389
Aralia, 384-388. 391-395
ARALIACE.E, 383
Aralice, 383
Araliastrum, 384
Arbutus, 834-835
Arbutus, 835-837- 839-841.
Arceuthobium, 408
Archangelica, 323, 324
Archangelica, 351
Archemora, 338
Arctopus, 372
Arctostaphylos, 835, 836
Arenaria, 93
Argostemma, 523, 524
Argylophora, 469
Arnoldia, 201
Ar-nut, 290
Arpitium, 320
Arracacha, 377, 378
Artedia, 353
Artedia, 275. 354
Arthrophyllum, 395
Ascarina, 434
Ascarina, 434
Asephananthes, 48
Ash-weed, 288
Aspera, 659
Asperula, 637-640
Asperula, 634. 642. 651
Asperulece, 637
Assafoetida, 326, 327
Asteriscium, 263
A sterocephalus, 687-695
Astilbe, 229
Astoma, 381
Astrantia, 265, 266
Astrantia, 264. 266. 335
Astrephia, 670
Astrephia, 674. 677, 678
Astroloma, 775
Astrotricha, 258
Astydamia, 340
Athamanta, 315, 316
Athamantha, 275. 284, 285.
307-309. 312-314. 319,320.
333. 335. 362. 376. 378
Atrema, 381
Aucuba, 433
Augusta, 513
Augustea, 513
Aukuba, 433
Aulaxis, 206
Aureliana, 384
Aversia, 92
Avicularia, 768
Axanthes, 540
Aylmeria, 83, 84
Azalea, 850
Azalea, 845-848. 850.
Azorella, 259, 260
Azorella, 257-261
B.
Baconia, 570
Baderoa, 34
Balardia, 92
Bald-money, 320
Bald-money, Swiss, 320
Balsam Apple, 35
Bandhuca, 570
Barbadoes Gooseberry, 175,
176
Barleria, 538
Bartlingia, 634
Bartonia, 61, 62
Bauera, 203
Bauere,e, 202
Bear-berry, 835, 836
Bear’s grape, 854, 855
Bed-straw, 647-658. 660, 661
Befaria, 849
Bejaria, 849
Belangera, 202
Belilla, 489
Bellardia, 508, 509
Bell-flower, 750-768
Benincasa, 29
Benzonia, 664
Bergenia, 206
Bertiera, 505
Berula, 295
Betckea, 680
Bhoopidece, 696
Bifora, 381
Biforis, 305
Bigelowia, 613-616.618. 621
Bikkia, 514
Bilberry, 852
Billardiera, 576
Billiottia, 560
Bishop’s Weed, 286, 287
Bistella, 231
Bivoncea, 90
Black Wattle, 201
Blaeria, 804, 805
Blceria, 805
Blandfordia, 204
Blea-berry, 852
Blondia, 229
Blue-bells, 759
Bluets, 852
Blumenbachia, 62
Bobaea, 554
Bobea, 554
Boerhavia, 671
Bois de rat, 556
Bois Mussard, 556
Bolax, 260
Bolax, 254, 255. 258-261
Boopis, 696
Boopis, 696
Borreria, 611-618
Bouvardia, 485, 486
Bouvardia, 516
Bowlesia, 258, 259
Bowlesia, 261. 335
Bradlaia, 347
Breonia, 472
Brignolia, 542
Brignolia, 307
Broad-scaled Heath 807-809
Bronnia, 70
Broussaisia, 235
Bruchia, 576
Brunonia, 731
Brunonie*, 731
Bryanthus, 833
Bryonia, 30-33
Bryony, 30-33
Bryony, White, 32
Bryophyllum, 109
Bubalina, 488
Bubon, 336
Bubon, 301. 307-309. 311.312.
316
Buchozia 633.
Buddlea, 610
Buena, 470 479. 538
IV
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
Bulbocastanum, 289
Buglossum, 728
Bulliarda, 99
Bulliarda, 98
Bunium, 289-291
Iiunium, 262. 284-285. 288-
289. 307. 319
Bupleuroides, 635
Bupleurum, 296-301
Bupleurum, 280. 301. 376
Buprestis, 297- 301
Bur-parsley, 360
Burcardia, TO
Burchellia, 488
Burghartia, TO
Burnet-saxifrage, 291-294
Burneya, 554
Button-wood, 610-611
Button-weed, 619-623
C.
Cachrys, 372-374
Cachrys 275. 313. 321. 347-
354. 374-376
Cactece, 156
Cacti, 156
Cactinete, 156
Cactoidea, 156
Cactus, 157-177
Cadamba, 550
Caiophora, 65
Calanchoe, 108, 109
Calandrinia, 78-80
Caldasia, 368
Caldcluvia, 200
Calico-bush, 850
Callicocca, 604-608
Callicoma, 201, 202
Callipeltis, 661
Calliphyllum, 213
Callista, 812-816
Callisace, 336
Callogyne, 726
Calluna, 828
Calycera, 696
CALYCEREjE, 696
Calycomis, 201
Calysphyrum, 665
Calycopliyllum, 486, 487
Cameraria, 82
Campanie®, 731
Campanula, 750-768.
Campanula, 734-746. 750. 768-
773
Campanule-e, 746
CAMPANULACE.E, 731
Campanumcea, 735, 736
Campderia, 307
Campylosperm®, 359
Canaria, 736
Canarina, 736
Cariela, 478
Canephora, 488
Canepliora, 488
Canonanthus, 718
Canterbury bells, 737
Canthium, 562, 563
Canthium, 506, 507- 562. 564,
565
Cantua, 71
Capnopliyllum, 337
Capnophxjllum, 347
CAPRI FOLIACEiE, 435
Caprifolium, 444-449
Caprosma, 634, 635
Caquepiria, 498
Carapicliea, 608
Caraway, 288, 289
Cardionema, 90
Careuni, 288
Carica, 44
Caricece, 43
Carissa, 562
Carota, 354
Carphalea, 520
Carphalea, 486
Carrot, 353-359
Carrot, Candy, 316
Carrot, Common, 354-359
Carum, 288, 289
Carum, 284. 310. 322
Carvi, 288
Cascarilla, 474. 478, 479
Cassandra, 830
Cassidocarpus, 263
Cassiope, 829
Cassupa, 492
Cassytha, 176
Catchweed, 658
Catepha, 257
Catesbsea, 510, 511
Catesbaa, 517- 569
Caucaline®, 360
Caucalis, 360
Caucalis, 264. 347. 352, 353,
354. 361, 362
Cedrela, 196
Celeriac, 277
Celery, 277-279
Celosia, 91
Cenolophium, 313
Centella, 254, 255
Centrantlius, 672
CEPH®LIDE®, 604
Cephselis, 604-608
Cephcelis, 488. 585. 591. 608,
609
Cephalanthe®, 609
Cephalanthus, 610
Cephalanthus, 467-468
Cephalaria, 684-686
Cephalaria, 684. 688
Cephaleis, 604
Cephalina, 487
Cephalostigma, 735
Ceratopetalum, 202
Ceratopetalum, 202
Ceramia, 806, 807
Ceratosanthes, 39
Ceratostema, 863
Cerdia, 93
Cerefolium, 364-366
Cereus, 164-171
Cereus, Creeping, 168
Cereus, Night-flowering, 168
Cereus, 163. 170, 171
Cerionanthus, 684, 685
Ceriscus, 494. 500, 501
Cervaria, 333
Cervicaria, 750. 755
Cervicina, 742
Cestrum, 486. 599
Cevallia, 697
Chaerophyllum, 365-368
Cheerophyllum, 291. 362-365.
368, 369
Chamcr.cerasus , 446. 449, 450
Chameeledon, 850, 851.
Chamsesciadium, 289
Chameedapline, 548
Chanderoba, 3
Chapeliera, 503
Charantia, 35
Chasalia, 603
Chate, 27
Chay, or Che, 529, 530
Chayota, 37
Chayote, 37
Cheese-rennet, 655
Chenocarpus, 619
Chervil, 364, 365
Chervil, Garden, 365
Chervil, Great, 369
Chervil, Sweet, 369
Chervil, Wild, 366
Chimaphila, 865
Chimaza, 865
Chimarrliis, 513
Chiococca, 568, 569
Chiocoeca, 520. 569
Chicoincea, 555
Chione, 554
Choco, 37
Chlorophytum, 611
Chloranthus, 434
CHLORANTHE.E, 433
Chomelia, 569
Chomelia, 553
Chona, 817, 818
Chondrocarpus, 248. 253
Chondrosea, 213-217
Christimia, 485
Chrysosplenium, 227
Chu-Lan, 434
Cianitis, 234
Cicely, 365-368
Cicuta, 275, 276
Cicuta, 283. 285, 286. 306.
313. 337. 377
Cicutaria, 275, 276. 304.
364
Cieca, 48
Ciliaria, 212, 213
Cinchona, 473-479
Cinchona, 468. 479-483. 486.
488. 511. 632
Cinch on ace®, 466
ClNCHONE®, 472
Citrullus, 40
Cladothamnus, 865, 866
Claytonia, 80 82
Claytonia, 76-80
Cleavers, 658
Clermontea, 698
Clethra, 841, 842
Cliffortia, 637
Cnidium, 313, 314
Cnidium, 313. 315. 317-319.
333. 369
Cobcea, 446
Coccocypselum, 508, 509
Coccocipsilum, 485-508
Coccocypsilum, 484. 509. 538.
Codia, 202
Codia, 201
Codies, 202
Codonium, 432
Codonopsis, 736
Ccelosperm®, 381
Coelospermum, 558
Coffe, 579
Coffea, 579-584
Coffea, 440. 567. 569. 576.
578, 579. 603
Coffe ace®, 562
Coffee-tree, 579-584
Coffee-tree, Common, 579- 581
Coffee.®, 562
Coiladonia, 375
Colladonia, 598
Colobanthus, 83
Colocynth, 28
Colocynth, False, 41
Colocynthis, 28
Columbaria, 691
Condalia, 508, 509
Condaminea, 511, 512
Condylocarpus, 346
I Conioselinum, 321
I Conium, 376, 377
Conium, 291. 305. 314. 337-
341. 347. 360. 378
Conopodium, 290, 291
Conotrickia, 485
Conyza, 532
Cordiera, 543
Cordiere.®, 543
Coriander, 382
Coriandre®, 381
Coriandrum, 382
Coriandrum, 275. 306. 377-
381, 382
Cor ion, 381
Cormigonus, 514
Corn-Salad, 668
CORNER, 398
Cornelian Cherry, 400
Cornidia, 234
Cornus, 398-401
Cornus, 442
Corrigiola, 86
Corrigiola, 89
Cortia, 337
Cosmelia, 784
Cosmia, 78
Cosmibuena, 479
Cosmibuena, 478
Cotyledon, 109-11 1
Cotyledon, 99. 108, 109. 111-
113. 214. 249
Coussaria, 576
Coutarea, 472
Covelia, 619
Cowbane, 276
Cow-berry, 856
Cow-parsnip, 341 -344
Cow-parsley, Smooth, 364
Cranberry, Common, 858
Cranberry, American, 858
Crantzia, 255
Crassouvia, 109.'
Crassula, 99-103
Crassula, 80. 98-108. 118, 119
CRASSULACEjE, 97
Crassulece, 97
Crassule®, 98
Crethamus, 321
Creodus, 434
Critamus, 285
Crithmum, 321
Crithmum, 285.307- 311- 313.
319
Crosswort, 641, 642. 656. 662
Crucianella, 640-642
Crucianella, 627
Cruciata, 656
Cruciella, 258
Cruckshanksia, 631
Crusea, 627
Crusea, 554. 630
Cryphcea, 434
Cryptocarpha, 696
Cryptopetalum, 232
Cryptospermum, 291. 663
Cryptotaenia, 291
Cucullaria, 661
Cucumeroides, 30.
Cucumber, 15-28
Cucumbers, 15-27
Cucumber, Small-seeded, 34
Cucumber, Squirting, 34-36.
Cucumis, 5-28
Cucumis, 28, 29. 38
Cucurbita, 40-42
Cucurbita, 4, 5. 28-30
CUCURBITACErE, 1
CUCURBITE®, 24
Cuellaria, 841, 842
Cumbulan, 29
Cumin, 348
CUMINE®, 347
Cuminum, 348
Cuminoides, 370.
Cuncea, 633
Cunninghamia, 553
Cunonia, 201
CUNONIACE.E, 196
Cunonie®, 197
Cupi, 506
Cupia, 506, 507
Currant, 186-191
Currants, Black, 190
Currants, Red, 188, 189
Currants, White, 188, 189
Curtogyne, 106
Cussonia, 387
Cuviera, 559
Cuviera, 560
Cyanea, 699
Cyathodes, 776
Cyathodes, 781
Cyclospermum, 282
Cymbocarpum, 382
Cymopterus, 350
Cynapium, 306
Cynosciadium, 305
Cyphia, 718
Cypselea, 73
Cyrtanthus, 493
Cyrtospermum, 291
Cystanthe, 785
D.
Dactylites, 218
Dactyloides, 218
Daboecia, 833
Dahlia, 397
Damnacanthus, 562
Dampiera, 730, 731
Danaa, 380
Danais, 483
Danewort, 436
Darluca, 571
Dasyanthes, 826
Dasyloma, 305
Dasyspermum, 291
Dasystemon, 99
Daucine®, 353
Daucus, 353-359
Daucus, 284. 287- 316. 320.
333. 353. 360
Deadly-carrot, 349, 350
Decaspora, 781
Declieuxia, 566-568
Deforgia, 195
Deidamia, 59
Delissea, 699
Democritea, 61 1
Dendrophthoe, 418-420
Dentella, 524
Dentella, 523
Deppea, 524
Dermasea, 217, 218
Desmia, 807
Desclirea, 569
Deverra, 307
Diamorpha, 125
Diaphyllum, 298
Diaspasis, 730
Diconangia, 196
Dicorypha, 397
Dicoryphe, 397
Dicrobotryum, 551
Didiscus, 256
Diervilla, 444
Dieterica, 200
Dietrichia, 107
Dill, 337
Dillenia, 637
Dimetopia, 256
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
v
Diodia, C24-626
Diodia, 485. C12. 615. 620.
623. 626, 627
Diototheea, 681
Diplecosia, 838
Diplospora, 565
Diposis, 262
DIPSACEjE, 681
Dipsacus, 682-684
Diptera, 206
Dipterygia, 263
Discopleura, 283
Disemma, 56
Disodea, 560
Distylis, 726
Ditoca, 95
Dog-bramble, 178
Dog’s-poison, 306
Dogwood, 398-401
Dogberry-tree, 399
Donatia, 231
Dondia, 265
Dondisia, 559
Dondisia, 265
Dorema, 328
Dortmanna, 715
Dracophyllum, 785
Dracophyllum, 785
Drepanophyllum, 285. 295
Dringi, 29
Drummondia, 228
Drusa, 261
Dufresnia, 667
Duhamelia, 489. 540-542
Dunalia, 536
Duroia, 495
Dwarf elder, 436
Dysoda, 633
E.
Earth-nut, 289-291
Earth-chestnut, 290, 291
Ecbalium, 36
Echeveria, 113
Echeveria, 70, 71
Echinocactus, 161-163.
Echinoc actus, 157- 161
Echinophora, 371
Echinophora, 353. 360. 373
Ectasis, 826, 827
Elaeoselinum, 360
El*oseline*, 359
Elaterium, 34
Elaterium, 36
Elatine, 768
Elder, 436-438
Elytranthe, 425-428
Endressia, 315
Enkianthus, 833, 834
Enymonospermum, 378
Epacris, 781-783
Epacris, 778. 781. 783-785
EPACRIDEjE, 773
Epacrie*, 781
Epigaea, 841
Epiphyllum, 170, 171
Epithinia, 565
Eremia, 828
Erica, 790-800
Erica, 800-828. 833.
Ericeje, 790
ERICACEAE, 785
Erigenia, 256
Erineon, 750
Eriocalia, 263
Eriodesmia, 827, 828
Eriogynia, 226
Eriosynaplie, 329
Erithalis, 557
Erithalis, 543. 554
Erithodes, 725
Ernodea, 633
Ernodea, 514. 634
Eropheron, 206
Eryngium, 266-274
Eryngium, 263
Eryngo, 266-274
Erythrodanum, 547, 548
Erythropalum, 29
Escallonia, 192-195
ESCALLONIEjE, 192
Eubasis, 433
Eulophus, 381
Eumachia, 566
Euosma, 539
Euosmia, 539
Eurylepis, 807-809
Eurystegia, 809, 810
Euryloma, 816, 817
Eurothia, 608
Euspermacoce*, 611
Euthales, 726
Evea, 606
Evosma, 510. 539
Evosmia, 538, 539
Exocantha, 371, 372
Exostema, 480
Exostemma, 480-483
Eyselia, 647
F,
Falcaria, 285
Famarea, 578
Faramea, 578
Fareiria, 473
Fedia, 671
Fedia, 666-671. 680
Female Cornel, 399
Fennel, 306, 307
Fennel, Giant, 325-328
Fernelia, 509
Fernelia, 484
Ferula, 325-328
Ferula, 323, 324. 329. 331,
332. 334. 336
Ferulago, 325
Ferularia, 325
Feuillcea, 39
Feuillea, 3
Fever-wort, 443,444
Fevillea, 3
Ficoidea, 153
FICOIDE.E, 125
Field Madder, 637
Fig Marigold, 125-151
Finocchio, 306
Fischera, 257, 851
Floerkea, 769. 771
Flowk Wort, 248
Foeniculum, 306, 307
Fceniculum, 336
Fool’s Parsley, 306
Forgesia, 195
Forstera, 722
Fothergilla, 397
Fothergille*, 397
Fouquiera, 70
Fauquier a, 71
FOUQUIERACEyE, 70
Fragosa, 259
Fragosa, 260, 261
Franciscea, 107
Francoa, 204
Francoaeet z, 203
Frcclichia, 450. 576
Fuchsia, 542
G.
Gaiadendron. 431, 432
Gaillonia, 632
GALACINiE, 203
Galax, 204
Galbanophora, 336
Galbanum, 348
Galeee, 637
Galium, 647-661
Galium, 637-640. 645, 646.
661, 662
Galopina, 635
Galvania, 599
Gambier, 469, 470
Gambir, 460, 470
Gardenia, 496-499
Gardenia, 494, 495. 499-504.
506. 511. 542. 562. 564
Gardeniace*, 487
Gardenieae, 488
Gastonia, 388
Gastonia, 387
Gater Tree, 399
Gaultheria, 839-841.
Gaultheria, 841
Gaya, 320
Gaylussacia, 858-860
Geissois, 203
Genipa, 495
Genipa, 505. 542
Genipella, 542
Geophila, 608, 609
Geryonia, 206
Gerontogea, 529-531
Geunsia, 79
Gilibertia, 387
Gingidium, 353, 354
Ginginsia, 83
Ginseng, 384
Gladiolus, 715
Glinus, 154
Glinus, 153, 154
Globulea, 105, 106
Glossoma, 401
Glyceria, 248
Goat’s Fennel, 373, 374
Gohoria, 287
Gomara, 99
Gomozia, 547
Gonotheca, 532
Gout Weed, 288
Gonzalea, 537, 538
Gonzalagunia, 537
Goodenie*, 723
Goodenia, 723-726
Goodenia, 726. 729-731
GOODENOVIjE, 722
Gooseberry, 177-185
Gooseberries, 179-185
Goose-grass, 658-660
Gooseshare, 658
Gosling-weed, 658
Gourds, 40-42
Gourd, 4, 5
Gourd, Bottle, 4
Gourd, Trumpet, 4
Gourgourde, 4
Gourgourdette, 41
Gourd, Cheese, 40
Gourd, Orange, 41
Grahamia, 75
Grammanthes, 106
Grammatocarpus, 65
Grammosciadium, 370
Granadilla, 51-53. 55
Gronovia, 43
Grossularia, 177
GROSSULARIEjE, 177
Ground-nut, 291
Grulhamannia, 611
Grumilea, 577
Grumilia, 577
Gr unilea, 577
Guelder-rose, 443
Guettarda, 550-553
Guettarda, 538. 553, 554. 586
Guettardace*, 544
Guettardeae, 547
Guilleminea, 96
Gum-ammoniac, 328, 329
Gum-galbanum, 348
Gymnocarpon, 87
Gymnocarpos, 87
Gymnocarpum, 87
Gymnocarpus, 87
Gymnopleura, 60
Gynocthodes, 558
Gynopachys, 492
Gynopera, 206
Gytonaiithus, 666
Gypsocallis, 800-804
H.
Hacquetia, 265
Hacquetia, 263
Heenkea, 80. 432
Hcenselera, 380
Hagea. 90, 91. 93
Halesia, 550
Hamameleje, 396
HAMAMELIDEjE, 395
Hamamelis, 396
Hamamelis, 397
Hamelia, 540-542
Hamelia, 451, 489
Hamelie*, 538
Hamiltonia, 554, 555
Hamiltonia, 555
Ilare’s-ear, 296-301. 635
Flariota, 176
Hart-wort, 346
Hasselquistia, 345
Hawk-nut, 290
Heath, 790-800
Heath, Cantabrian, 833
Hedera, 391-395
Hedera, 385, 386. 390
Hedge-parsley, 361, 362
Hedgehog-thistle, 161-163
Hedyosmum, 434
HEDYOTE*, 524
HedyotidEjE, 511
Hedyotis, 524-527
Hedyotis, 516, 517- 524. 527-
536. 538. 618. 621. 663
Heinsia, 503
Helleborus, 266
Helosciadium, 281-283
Helospora, 504
Hemesotria, 670
Hemlock, 347
Hemlock, Water, 276
Heracleum, 341-344
Heracleum, 293. 340, 341. 345,
346
Herb Gerard, 288
Hermas, 376
Hermas, 301
Herniaria, 86-87
Herrera, 557
Heteromorpha, 301
Heterosciadium, 263
Ileuchera, 229-231
Heucltera, 232
Hexactina, 489
Hexasepalum, 623
Higginsia, 510
Higginsia, 510. 539
Highland-miken, 320
Hillia, 473
Himatanthus, 664
Hippobroma, 717
Hippomarathrum, 308. 373
Hippotis, 504
Hippotis, 584
Hirculus, 21 1
Hoffmannia, 510
Iioffmannia, 514
Hololachna, 156
Holosteum, 93
Holostigma, 716
Homalocarpus, 262
Hondbessen, 562
Honewort, 280
Honeysuckle, 444-451
Horsfieldia, 266
Hortensia, 233
House-leek, 122-124
Houstonia, 486. 534, 535, 566
Huanaca, 261, 262
Hugelia, 256
Hyala, 90
Hydnophytum, 547
Hydrangea, 232-234
Hydrangea, 234
Hydrangea, 232
Hydrocotyle, 248-255
Hydrocotyle, 255, 256. 261,
262. 282
Hydrocotyle*, 248
Hydrophilax, 633
Hydrophilax, 618. 634
Hydropyxis, 84
Hylacium, 559
Hymenanthes, 849
Hymenodictyon, 480
Hymenogyne, 151
Hymenolaena, 378, 379
Hymenopogon, 473
Hypericum, 155
Hypobathrum, 547
Hypopitys, 866
I.
Ignatia, 497
Illecebre*, 86
Illecebrum, 88
Illecebrum, 74. 87, 88-93
Imperatoria, 335
Imperatoria, 315. 318. 322-
334
Indian Fig, 171-175
Indian Mulberry, 544-547
Involucraria, 42
Ipecacuanha noir, 585
Ipecacuanha, Spanish Ameri-
can, 585
Ipecacuanha, Brown, 606, 607
Ipecacuanha, 606, 607
Ipecacuanha, White, 627, 628
Irish Whorts, 833
Iron-wood Tree, 565, 566
Isertia, 538
Isertie*, 536
Isidorea, 514
Isika, 449
Isophyllum, 297
Isotoma, 71 6
Itea, 196
Ivy, 391. 395
Ivy, Common, 391
Ivy, Irish, 391
Ixora, 570-574
Ixora, 486. 517. 556. 570.
574-579
VI
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
J.
Janipaba, 495
Jackia, 6‘04
Jaracatia, 43
Jasione, 733, 734
Jasione, 266
Javilla, 3
Johrenia, 345
Jasminum, 496
Jasmine, Cape, 496
Jatamangsi, or Jatamansi, 667
Joliffia, 39, 40
Juncaria, 93
Jupiter’s beard, 124
Jupiter’s Eye, 124
Juvanee, 285
K.
Kadua, 533
Kalanchoe, 108
Kalmia, 850
Kalosanthes, 107
Karpaton, 453
Kentranthus, 672
Kingstonia, 211
Kinkina, 474. 482
Klaprothia, 66
Knautia, 686-688
Knautia, 688, 689
Knawel , 95
Knotgrass, 88
Knoxia, 628, 629
Knoxia, 532. 535. 568. 612.
623. 633
Kohautia, 532
Kolbia, 43
Krubera, 347
Kundmannia, 307
Kutchubaea, 492
Kyrtanthus, 493
L.
Labrador Tea, 851
Lady’s bed-straw, 655
Lagenaria, 4
Lagcecia, 370
Lagoecia, 288
Lahaya, 91-93
Lamb’s lettuce, 667-671
Lampra, 256
Lamprotis, 810-812
Landia, 491
Laretia, 261
Larochea, 106. 108
Laserpitium, 350-352
Laserpitium, 313-315. 317-
320-324. 327- 335. 341.
348. 352. 354. 360. 374,
375
Laserwort, 350-352
Lasianthus, 548. 555
Lasionema, 479
Lasiostoma, 547
Luugeria, 551, 552. 554.
Lauristine, 439.
Lauristinus, 439
Lawsonia, 520
Lecanantlius, 472
Lechenaultia, 727
Lecockia, 375
Ledeburia, 293
Lecontea, 561
Ledum, 851
Ledum, 851
Legouzia, 743. 768, 769
Leiospermum, 200
Leiotulus, 340
Leiophyllum, 851
Lemia, 73
Lentago, 438. 440
Lepeostegeres, 427
Lepicephalus, 684-686
Leptarrhena, 226
Leptasea, 212, 213
Leptocaulis, 283, 284
Leptodermis, 555
Leptrina, 82, 83
Lepuropetalum, 231
Lessonia, 274
Leucolatia, 258
Leucopogon, 777- 780
Leucothoe, 831, 832
Levenhookia, 722
Levisticum, 321
Lewisia, 77, 78
Leycesteria, 451
Libanotis, 311. 313
Libanotis, 316
Lichtensteinia, 301
Lichtensteinia, 423
Lightfootia, 734, 735
Liglitfootia, 514. 744
Ligularia, 208
Ligusticum, 317, 318
Ligusticum, 279. 284, 285.
288. 304. 306, 307- 312-
315. 319-321. 325. 327-
330. 333. 335, 351. 369.
378-380
Limnia, 81, 82
Ling, 828
Ling-heather, 828
Ligustrum, 520
Linnsea, 452
Linum, 536
Lipostoma, 663
Lissanthe, 776
Listeria, 528
Lithophila, 94
Litosanthes, 557
Loasa, 62-65
Loasa, 62. 65
LOASE.E, 61
Lobaria, 210. 224, 225
Lobelia, 704-715
Lobelia, 698-704. 715-719.
728. 735. 742
LOBELIACEjE, 697
Loeflingia, 96, 97
Loeflingia, 90. 92
Loiseleuria, 850, 851.
Lomatium, 327
Lonicera, 444-451
Lonicera, 424. 444. 451. 488.
568
Lonicere*, 443
Loosa, 62
Lophandra, 810
I.ophosciadium, 352
LORANTHACEjE, 401
Loranthece, 401
Loranthidece, 401
Loranthus, 409. 430, 431
Loranthus, 404. 406. 409-432.
450
Lovage, 317-319
Lovage, Common, 321
Loxanthera. 430
Lucinaea, 487, 488
Luculia, 480
Lucya, 536
Luffa, 28, 29
Lussacia, 859
Lychniscabiosa, 686
Lycium, 633
Lygislum, 484. 538
Lygodysodea, 560
Lygodysodea, 561
Lygodysodeacea, 560
Lyonia, 830, 831
Lysinema, 783
Lysipomia, 716, 717
Lysipomia, 726
M.
Machaonia, 632
Macrocnemum, 512
Macrocnemum, 478. 487- 489.
492. 501. 511 513
Madder, 642. 647
Madder, Dyers’, 643, 644
Madder, Indian, 529, 530.
642
Magydaris, 375
Malabaila, 340
Malanea, 553
Malanea, 483. 553, 554
Malesherbia, 60
MALESHERBIACEjE, 60
Malesherbice, 60.
Male cornel, 400
Mammillaria 157- 160
Manettia, 483-485
Manettia, 490
Mapouria, 588
Maralia, 387
Marathrum, 309
Margaris, 569
Marianthemum, 750
Marlea, 396
Marquisia, 565
Maschalanthe, 540
Masterwort, Great, 335
Masterwort, 265, 266. 335,
336
Masterwort, Wild, 288
Mastixia, 401
Matthiola, 551
Mauchartia, 281
May-apple, 53
Meadow-saxifrage, 308 311
Medium, 750, 751
Meerburgia, 94
Megasea, 206
Meladora, 833
Melanopsidium, 542. 560
Melanoselinum, 352
Melanoselinum, 318
Melichrus, 773, 776
Melo, 5
Melon, 5-15. 27
Melon, Water, 28
Melons, 5-15
Melons, Maltese, 6
Melons, Persian, 6, 7
Melons, Cantaloup, 5, 6
Melocactus, 160, 161
Melon thistle, 160, 161
Melopepo, 40
Melothria, 37
Memecylum, 841
Menestoria, 504
Mentzelia, 65, 66
Mentzelia, 61
Menziesia, 850.
Menziesia, 833
Mephitidia, 548, 549
Merciera, 772
Mercurialis, 254
Merida, 73
Meridiana, 73-73
Mesembryanthemum, 125-151
Metabolos, 536, 537
Meu, 320
Meum, 320
Meum, 281, 282. 289. 336,307-
315, 316. 320. 336
Meynea, 550
Michauxia, 730
Micranthes, 217
Microcodon, 737
Micropetalum, 208
Micropleura, 256
Milk-Parsley, 322
Milkwort, 739
Miltus, 154
Mindium rhazes, 750
Minuartia, 96
Minuartie*, 96
Misodendron, 408, 409
Mistletoe, 402-409
Mistletoe, Common, 403
Mitchella, 548
Mitella, 227, 228
Mitella, 228
Mitracarpum, 630, 631
Mitrophora, 671
Mniarum, 95
Modecca, 58, 59
Mollia, 91-93
Molopospermum, 368.
Momordica, 35-37
Momordica, 29. 34. 39. 42
Monantbes, 124
Moneses, 865
Monopsis, 717
Monotoca, 780
Monotoca, 781
Monotropa, 866
Monotropa, 866
Monotrope*, 866
Montia, 82
Moor-Heath, 800-804
Moquinia, 423
Morelia, 543
Morinda, 544-547
Morinda, 488. 569. 606
Morindeae, 544
Morina, 681 , 682
Morine*, 681
Moschatell, 384
Moschatellina, 383, 384
Mouffeta, 666
Muline*, 260
Mulinum, 261
Mulinum, 261-263
Munjith, 642
Muricia, 42
Murucuja, 56
Muricuja, 56-58
Muscaria, 218, 219. 222, 223
Musssenda, 489-492
Musscenda, 480. 486, 487- 502.
603
Musschia, 772
Mycetia, 506
Mylinum, 322
Myonima, 556
Myrmecodia, 547
Myrmecodia , 547
Myrrhis, 369
Myrrhis, 290, 291. 363, 364-
370
Myrtiphyllum, 593
N.
Nacibea, 483-485. 510
Nardostachys, 666, 667
Nauclea, 466-469
Nauclea, 469-472. 487- 610
Nauclee*, 466
Navel-wort, 111, 112
Neckeria, 94
Needhamia, 781
Nenax, 637
Nertera, 547
Nertera, 548
Nerteria, 547
Nescidia, 565
Neurosperma, 37
New Zealand Spinach, 152
Nhandiroba, 3
Nhandirobe*, 3
Nigrina, 434
Nintooa, 447
Nitraria, 155
NITRARIACEAL, 154
Nobula, 635
Nonatelia, 557, 558
Nonalelia, 555. 557. 592. 664
Nopal ere, 156
Notanthera, 428-430
Nuytsia, 432
O.
Obolaria, 452
Octavia, 557
Octodon, 611
Octopera, 828
Odontites, 296, 297
Odontocarpa, 667
(Enanthe, 302-304
GEnantlie, 262. 301, 302. 305.
311. 320. 338
O’ Higginsia, 510, 539
Oldenlandia, 527-532
Oldenlandia, 232. 517- 524-
527. 533. 536. 622. 630
Oligacoce, 677, 678
Oligarrhena, 781
Olive-Parsley, 360
Oliveria, 370
Olostyla, 540
Opercularia, 662, 663
Opercularia, 662
Opercularie*, 662
Ophiorhiza, 521-523
Ophiorhiza, 490
Opopanax, 324
Opulus, 442
Opuntia, 171-175
Opuntia, 170
Opuntiace*, 157
Oreoselinum, 330. 333, 334. 380
Oribasia, 557, 558
Orlaya, 353
Orostachys, 112, 113
Orpine, 85, 86. 116
Ortega, 93
Ortegia, 93
Orthosperm*, 248
Ortiga, 62
Orygia, 154
Oshac, or Ooshak, 328, 329
Osmorliiza, 369, 370
Osterdykia, 201
Ostericum, 322
Ottoa, 302
Ourovparia, 471
Ovilla, 733
Oxyanthus, 494
Ovyanthus, 491
Oxyceros, 502
Oxycoccus, 857, 658.
Oxy coccus, 841
P.
Pachysa, 805, 806
Pacliypleurum, 347
Padavara, 546
Paederia, 561, 562
Paderia, 483. 485
PAEDERIEA:, 560
Palicourea, 598-603
Palicourea, 591
Palicurea, 586. 599
Palimbia, 329, 330
Panax, 384-386
Panax, 265. 389
Panke, 204
Papaw tree, 44-45
Papaya, 44
Papaya, 43
PAPAYACEjE, 43
Papilla, 677
Papularia, 72
Parastranthus, 716
Paratropia, 395
Paronychia, 88-90
Paronychia, 87- 88-93
PARONYCHIEjE, 84
Paropsia, 46
Paropsiea:, 46
Parsley, 279-280
Parsley, Macedonian, 316
Parsnip, 338-340
Parsnip, Garden, 338 340
Pasclianthus 58
Passion-flower, 46-55
Passiflora, 46-54
Passiflora, 56 58
PASSIFLOREA2, 45
Passifloreas ver*, 46
Pastinaca, 338-340
Pastinaca, 323, 324. 327. 336.
338. 345. 354
Patabea, 609
Patabea, 488
Patima, 543
Patrinia, 666
Patrinia, 667
Pautsauvia, 396
Pavate, 574
Pavetta, 574-576
Pavetta, 562. 571, 572. 599.
634
Peach, African, 487
Pearl -berry, 569
Pecheya, 576
Pecten veneris, 363
Pectophytum, 260
Peganum, 155
Penarvalli, 4
Penny-wort, 248-255
Pentachondra, 781
Pentacsena, 90
Pentacrypta, 276
Pentagonion, 768
Pentaphragma, 731
Penthorum, 125
Peplis, 536
Pepo, 40
Pepper Saxifrage, 319
Pereskia, 175, 176
Periclymenum, 444-446
Perlebia, 375
Pernettya, 836, 837
Perojoa, 779
Peruvian bark, Yellow, 474-
477
Peruvian bark, Red, 478
Peruvian bark, Pale, 474
Petagnia, 263, 264
Petesia, 507, 508
Petesia, 484. 515. 520. 527-
566
Petitia, 314
Petola, 29
Petromarula, 749
Petroselinum, 279, 280
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
Petroselinum, 310
Petunga, 509, 510
Peucedaneas, 324
Peucedanum, 330 335
Peucedanum, 281. 286. 289.
290. 313 319. 320. 325.
330. 335. 340. 344
Phacosperma, 79
Phalerocarpus, 841.
Phallaria, 559
Pharnaceum, 83. 92
Pliellandrium, 262. 304. 320
Phemeranthus, 76
Phosanthus, 538
Phthirusa, 421
Phu, 676
Phu, 679
Phyllachne, 722
Phyllactis, 672, 673
Phyllarthus, 170
Phyllis, 635
Phyllis, 635
Phyllodoce, 832, 833
Physocalycium, 109
Physospermum, 379, 380
Pliysospermum, 378
Phyteuma, 746-749
Phyteuma, 438. 731. 733, 734.
749, 750. 763
Phyteumoides, 521
Picnocomon, 684. 695
Pieris, 832
Pig-nut, 290
Pimpinella, 281-284. 288. 320
Pimpinella, 291-294
Pimpernel, 291-294
Pinknea, 486
Pinckneya, 486
Piringa, 498
Piriqueta, 70
Pistorinia, 1 11
Pithuranthos, 307
Pitonia, 481
Placoma, 634
Platanocephalus, 610
Platycodon, 737
Platylophus, 200
Platymerium, 664
Platyspermum, 353, 354
Plectritis, 671
Plectronia, 564
Plectronia, 385
Plenckia, 154
Pleurospermum, 378
Poaya, 615. 617
Poaya do praya, 615
Plocama, 634
Podagraria, 286, 287
Podopetalum, 315
Poiretia, 535
Polia, 90
Pollichia, 94
Pol Lie hie as, 94
Polycarpaea, 90
Polycarp^EjE, 90
Polycarpon, 93
Polycarpon, 231
Polygonifolia, 86
Polyosma, 401
Polyozus, 577
Polyphragmon, 543
Polypremum, 536. 671
Polipremum, 667
Polystemon, 203
Polyscias, 388
Polytaenia, 345
Pomangium, 524
Pomatium, 504
Pomax, 662
Pompion, 40
Ponceletia, 784
Poppya, 35
Porophyllum, 214
Porphyreon, 213
Portlandia, 513
Portlandiu, 472. 482. 514
Portulaca, 73-75
Portulaca, 75-78, 80. 154
Portulacaria, 80
PORTULACACE7E, 71
Posoqueria, 493
Posoqueria, 495. 500, 501.
503
Posoria, 493
Potima, 578
Pouchetia, 506
Pozoa, 262, 263
Pozoa, 263
Prangos, 374, 375
Pratia, 699, 700
Prickwood, 399
Prismatocarpus, 743, 744
Prismatocarpus, 768, 769
Prionitis, 285
Prionotes, 783, 784
Proustia, 263
Psathura, 555
Psathyra, 555
Psatura, 555
Psiguria, 42
Psilobium, 664
Psittacanthus, 415-418
Psychotria, 584-598
Psychotria, 546. 554. 557- 559.
583, 584. 599-603. 608,
609
Psychotriace a, 562
Psychotrophum, 592. 594. 608
Psydrax, 564
Psyllocarpus, 629, 630
Psyllocarpus, 567
Pterocephalus, 688, 689
Pteromaratlirum, 374
Pterophylla, 201
Pterospora, 866
Ptychotis, 284
Ptychodea, 520, 521
Purgosia, 103-105
Pumilea, 68
Pumpkin, 40
Purslane, 73-75
Purslane, Common, 73
Purslane-tree, 80
Putoria, 634
PUTORIEAS, 633
Pyrola, 863, 864
Pyrola, 865
Pyroleae, 863
Pyrostria, 556
Pyrostria, 554
Pyxidanthera, 231
Q.
Queria, 96
Queria, 88
Queriacea:, 96
Quino, or Quina, 474-479.
482
Quinquina, 47 4- 477- 481 , 482.
491
Quintinia, 195
R.
Rachicallis, 535, 536
Radiana, 73
Rampion, 746-750. 765
Rampion, Small, 765
Rampion, Garden, 765
Randia, 499 503
Randia, 495. 510, 51 1. 564
Rapunculus, 746, 747-765
Rapunculum, 746
Rapuntia, 750
Rapuntium, 706. 711. 717-
746
Razoumowshia, 408
Reaumuria, 155
REAUMURIACEjE, 155
Red Gum-Tree, 202
Relbum, 646
Rcmijia, 478, 479
Retiniphyllum, 557
Rhipsalidea:, 176
Rhipsalis, 176, 177
Rhodora, 848
Rhodoreae, 842
Rhododendron, 843-848
Rhododendron, 848
Rhodiola, 114, 122
Ribes, 177-191
Ribesie a, 177
Richardia, 627, 628
Richardsonia, 627, 628
Richea, 785
Rigocarpus, 5
River-wood, 513
Robertsonia, 206, 207
Rocama, 72
Rochea, 106, 107
Rochea, 107, 108
Roella, 745, 746
Roella, 734. 738. 742. 744.
772
Roioc, 544, 545
Rolofa, 154
Rollandia, 698
Ronabea, 584
Rondeletia, 514-517
Rondeletia, 491, 492. 501 . 506,
507- 517-521. 560
Rondeletiea:, 511
Rose-bay, 843
Rose-root, 114
Rothmannia, 498. 502
Roucela, 750. 761
Rubeola, 638, 639. 641, 642
Rubia, 642 647
Rubia, 96. 627- 638, 639, 641
RUBIACE.E, 453
Rubioides, 662, 663
Rudgea, 584
Rudgea, 583
Rulingia, 75-77
Rumia, 275
Rumia, 337
Rupture-wort, 86, 87
Russelia, 231
Rutidea, 577
Rytidea, 577
S.
Sabicea, 539
Sagina, 83
Salaxis, 828
Salilbergia, 496
Saldinia, 569
Salzmannia, 609
Sambucea;, 436
Sambicineee, 436
Sambucus, 436-438
Sambucus, 388
Samphire, 321
Sanicle, 264, 265
Sanicula, 264, 265
Sanicula, 275
Saniculeae, 263
Saprosma, 576
Sarandi, 610
Sarcocephaleae, 487
Sarcocephalus, 487
Sarcostyles, 234
Sarissus, 84
Saxifraga, 206-226
Saxifraga, 226, 227- 292
SAXIFRAGACEaE, 204
Saxifrage, 206-226
Saxifrage, Golden, 227
Saxifrageae, 206
Scabiosa, 689- 695
Scabiosa, 684-689
Scabioseas, 682
Scabious, 689-696
Scabious, Sweet, 691
Scaligeria, 381
SCANDICINEAE, 362
Scandix, 363
Scandix, 289. 291. 360-362.
365-367. 369, 370. 375
ScEevola, 727-730
Sca:volea:, 727
Schiedea, 568 628
Sciadophytum, 235
Sciadophyllum, 390, 391
Sciadophyllum, 395
Schefflera, 389
Schizangium, 630
Schizomeria, 202
Schcepfia, 432
Schradera, 542
Schradera, 605
Schubertia, 266
Schultesia, 739
Schultzia, 286
Schultzia, 337
Schweinitzia, 867
Schwenkfeldia, 508. 539, 540.
558
SCLERANTHE/E, 94
ScLERANTHEAS, 95
Scleranthus, 95
Sclerococcus, 536
Sclerosciadium, 305
Sclerostemma, 689-691
Scolosanthus, 569
Scurrula, 421-425
Scyphanthus, 65
Scyphiphora, 634
Sea-holly, 268
Sea-holme, 268
Sea-hulver, 268
Sea- parsnip, 371
Sechium, 37
Sedum, 113-122
Sedum, 111-113. 122. 124-125
Selinea, 324
Selinum, 322
Selinum, 261. 280. 289. 310.
313-314. 318. 322-324. 330.
333 336. 338. 350. 352
Selliera, 725
Sellowia, 94
Sempervivce, 97-
Sempervivum, 122-124
Sempervivum, 112. 119-121
Septas, 99
Serissa, 633
Serissa, 564
Serissus, 633, 634
Seseli, 308-311
Seseli, 277- 281-286. 288-289.
301. 304, 305. 312. 314.
316-320. 323. 369
Seselinea:, 301
Sesuvium, 152-153
Shallon, 839
Sheep’s-bane, 248
Sheep’s-laurel, 850
Sheep’s-scabious, 733-734
Sherardia, 637
viii
Sherardia, C34. 659
Shepherd’s-needle, 363
Sicelium , 508, 509
Sickingia, 664
Sicyoides, 33
Sicyos, 33, 34
Sicyos, 36, 37- 261
Siderodendron, 565
Sideroxyloides, 565
Siebera, 257
Silaus, 319
Siler, 347, 348
Siler, 330 347- 351
SlLERINE*, 347
Simira, 588, 589
Sipanea, 520-521
Sipanea, 521
Siphocampylus, 700-704
Sisarum, 294
Siser, 338
Sison, 286
Sison, 256. 264. 276. 280. 282-
284. 286-291 294, 295. 330.
338. 377 381
Sium, 294-296
Sium, 277- 280-282. 284, 285.
289-291. 304. 307- 308. 310,
311.319. 330. 338
Skirret, 294-296
Smallage, 277
Smeathmannia, 46
Smyrne*, 370
Smyrnium, 380
Smyrnium, 276. 286. 315. 327-
380
Snake-gourd, 38, 39
Snake-root, 521 -523
Snow-ball Tree, 442
Snow-berry, 568, 569. 841.
Solandra, 255
Solena, 31, 493
Sorantlius, 307, 308
Sow-fennel, 330
Sowa, 337
Spallanzania, 514
Spananthe, 262
Spananthe, 262
Spatularia, 207, 208
Specularia, 768, 769
Specularia, 717
Speculum veneris, 768
Sphenotoma, 785
Spermacoce, 619-623
Spermacoce, 61 1-618.624-633.
636
Spermacoce*, 609
Spermadiclyon , 554-555
Spermatura, 369
Sphallerocarpus, 368
Spielmannia, 281
Spikenard, 666, 667
Spikenard, American, 388
Spica Nardi, 667
Spignel, 316. 320
Spircea, 201
Spiradiclis, 524
Spirostylis, 430
Spondylium, 341-344
Spotted-leaved Laurel, 433
Sprengelia, 784, 785
Spurred Valerian, 672
Squash, 40
Staelia, 631, 632
St. Dabeoc’s Heath, 833
Staurospermum, 630
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME.
Stellat*, 637
Stenanthera, 775
Stenoccelium, 347
Stenostemum, 553
Stenostomum, 553
Stephanium, 602
Stereoxylon, 192-195
Stevensia, 472
Stigmanthus, 560
Stigmatantlius, 560
Stilbe, 610
Stipularia, 664
Stipulicida, 93
Stone-crop, 114-122
Stone-parsley, 286. 312, 313
Straopha, 434
Strap-wort, 86
Strawberry -tree, 834, 835
Strempelia, 579
Struthanthus, 409-415
Strumpfia, 560
Strumphia, 560
Sturmia, 553
St. Peters’- wort, 451-452
STYLIDEAL, 619
Stylidium, 619-622
Stylidium, 396
Stylis, 396
Stylocorina, 540
Stylocoryna, 494
Stylocoryna, 506
Styphelia, 774-775
Styphelia, 775-778. 780, 781
Styphelie*, 774
Succisa, 684-686. 690 692. 695
Succulent*, 97
Sulphur-wort, 330-335
Suteria, 608
Sweet-cicely, 369
Symphyandra, 77L 772
Symphoria, 451, 452
Symplioricarpa, 451
Symphoricarpos, 451, 452
Symphoricarpos, 432. 448
Symphyogyne*, 203
Sympieza, 805
Syringodea, 818-826
Symphyoloma, 341
T.
Tacsonia, 57
Tacsonia, 54
Tafalla, 434, 435
Talinum, 76, 77
Talinum, 75, 76. 78-80. 154
Tangaraca, 541
Tapogomea, 604-606. 608
Tarenna, 507
Teazle, 682-684
Teazle, Fuller’s, 682, 683
Teazle, Wild, 682
Telephiastrum, 75
Telephie*, 85
Telepliium, 85, 86
Telephium, 116
Telfairia, 39
Tellima, 228
Tenoria , 301. 341
Tepesia, 538
Terebrasia, 552
Terra Japonica, 469
Tertrea, 568
Tessiera, 632
Tetilla, 204
Tetragonia, 151, 152
Tetragonia, 79
Tetragonocarpus, 151
Tetrumerium, 578, 579
Tetter-berry, 32
Thapsia, 349
Thapsia, 315. 350, 351. 353.
360. 374, 375
Thapsie*, 349
Thaspium, 315
Thaspium, 276
Thibaudia, 860-862
Thibaudia, 859. 862, 863
Throat-wort, Great, 757
Throat-wort, 769
Thunbergia, 498
Thymelaa, 633
Thysselinum, 322. 332, 333.
336
Tiarella, 228, 229
Tiarella, 229, 230
Tiedemannia, 337
Tillaea, 98
Tilleea, 99. 118. 125
Timonius, 554
Tinus, 438, 439
Tocoyena, 492, 493
Tocoyena, 501
Tontanea, 509
Torch-thistle, 164-171
Tordyline*, 345
Tordylioides, 346
Tordylopsis, 346
Tordylium, 345, 346
Tordylium, 340. 345. 347. 361 ,
362
Toricellia, 388
Torilis, 361, 362
Torilis, 361. 365
Tournefortia, 636
Trachelium, 769
Trachelium, 744. 750. 755.
756. 772
Trachymene, 257
Trachymene, 256, 257
Trachypleurum, 296
Trachyspermum, 284. 291
Tragium, 292-294
Tragoselinum, 288. 292
Trepocarpus, 348, 349
Trianthema, 72
Trianthema, 87- 153
Tricalycia, 543
Trichera, 687. 689
Trichlis, 93
Trichocladus, 397
Trichosanthes, 38, 39
Trichosanlhes, 3-37
Tridactylites, 225, 226
Trigonophyllum, 214
Trilophus, 396
Trinia, 281
Trinia, 275
Triodon, 626, 627
Triosteum, 443
Triosteum, 539
Triplinervium , 218
Triplostegia, 680
Tristerix, 418
Trochiscanthes, 315
Trochocarpa, 781
Trochocarpa, 776
Tula, 524
Tuna, 171-173
Tupa, 700
Turgenia, 361
Turgosia, 103
Turia, 30
Turk’s-cap, 160
Turnera, 67-70
Turnera, 70
TURNERACE7E, 66
U.
Vcriana, 493
Ullucus, 80
Ulospermum, 347
Umbellatce, 235
UMBELLIFERiE, 235
Umbilicus, 111, 112
Uncaria, 469-471
Uncaria, 468
Uraspermum, 369, 370
Urophyllum, 540
Urceolaria, 542
Uva-ursi, 835
V.
Vaccinie*, 851
Vaccinium, 851-857
Vaccinium, 833. 841. 857, 858
Vahlia, 231
Vaillantia, 662
Vaillantia, 656
Valantia, 646. 656-659. 661,
662
Valentiana, 453
Valerian, 672. 680
Valerian, Garden, 676
Valerian, Officinal, 679, 680
Valeriana, 672-680
Valeriana, 666-672. 680
VALERIANEjE, 665
Valerianella, 667-671
Valerianella, 635, 666
Vanguiera, 549-550
Vangueria, 549
Vareca, 59
Vauantlius, 106
Vavanga , 549
Vegetable marrow, 41
Ventenatia, 720, 77 3
Velaea, 369
Velleia, 726-727
Velleia, 726
Venus’s comb, 363
Venus’s looking-glass, 768,
769
Verea, 108
Vereia, 108
Verulamia, 570
Veslingia, 153
Viburnum, 438-443
Viburnum, 233, 234. 400
Vicatia, 377
Virecta, 521
Virecla , 520, 521
Vireya, 848
Viscoides, 593
Viscum, 402-408
Viscum, 408, 409
Visnaga, 287
Viticella, 204
Vitis idaea, 851
Viviania, 550. 552. 560
Votomita, 401
W.
Wahlenbergia, 737-743
Wahlenbergia, 494. 735. 737
Wallichia, 540
Wallrothia, 320
Wallrothia, 290
Water chick weed, 82
Water parsnip, 294-296
Webera, 506, 507
Weber a, 563
Wegeila, 444
Water drop-wort, 302-304
Water drop-wort, Hemlock,
303
Wayfaring tree, 441
Wayfaring tree, American, 441
Weinmannia, 197
Weinmannia, 200, 201
Willdenovia, 514
Wendlandia, 517-520
Wendia, 344
Wendtia, 344
Wepferia, 305
White Bird’s Nest, 866
Whortle berry, 852-857
Wild hops, 32
Wild nep, 32
Wild Rosemary, 851. 829
Wild vine, 32
Wydleria, 280
Wild cornel-tree, 399
Wild cummin, 370
Windmannia, 197- 199
Winter-green, 863-865
Witch-hazel, 396, 397
Wolf-berry, 451
Woodbine, 445
Woodroof, 637, 640
Wood-rose, 640
Woodrowe, 640
Woodrowel, 640
Woodruff, 640
Wylia, 363, 364
X.
Xanthophytum, 520
Xanthosia, 258
Xeranthus, 75
Xylosteum, 446. 448-450
Xylosteon, 446
Y.
Yer-nut, 291
Yellow Bird’s nest, 866
Z.
Zaleya, 72
Zaluzania, 505
Zamaria, 506
Zanonia, 3-4
Zantlioxylon, 385
Zenobia, 830
Zizia, 276
Zozima, 344, 345
Zozimia, 344, 345
Zucca, 43
Zuccarinia, 487
THE
GARDENER’S AND
BOTANIST’S DICTIONARY.
Order C.III. CUCURBITA'CEiE (plants agreeing with
Cucurbita in important characters). Juss. gen. p. 393. D. C.
fl. fr. 3. p.688. Aug. St. Hil. in mem. mus. 9. p. 190-221.
Ser. in mem soc. hist. nat. gen. vol. 3. p. 1. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 297. Lindl. introd. nat. syst. p. 192.
Flowers hermaphrodite, monoecious or dioecious (f. 1. b. c.
f. 3. b. c.), axillary. Calyx gamosepalous (f. 3. a. b.), .'3-toothed,
sometimes obsolete. Corolla 5-petalled (f. 2. a. f. 1. c. f. 3. c.),
but usually only 5-parted, distinct from the calyx, and some-
times somewhat continuous with it, rising from the margin
of the torus, sometimes fringed, constantly yellow, white, or
red, very cellular, with strongly marked, reticulated veins.
Stamens 5, either distinct, or joined in 3 parcels, and sometimes
all together ; filaments rarely pilose ; anthers 2-celled, very long,
sinuous, rarely ovate and short. Style rarely almost wanting,
crowned by 3-5 2-lobed stigmas, which are thick and velvety,
but rarely fringed. Ovarium 1 -celled, with 3 parietal placentas.
Fruit fleshy, more or less succulent, crowned by the scar formed
by the calyx, 1-celled (f. 3. e. f. 2. 6.), with 3 parietal placentas,
which are indicated on the outside by nerves. Umbilical funicle
tumid towards the seeds. Seeds frequently obovate, flat, fixed to
the parietes of the fruit, enveloped in an arillus, which is either
juicy, or dry and membranous ; testa coriaceous, often thick at
the margins ; hylum oblique at the top of the seed. Embryo
straight, flat, without albumen. Cotyledons foliaceous, pal-
mately nerved ; radicle basilar, directed towards the hylum. —
Roots annual or perennial, fibrous or tuberous. Stems herba-
ceous, climbing by means of tendrils. Leaves palmate, or with
palmate ribs, succulent, covered with numerous asperities. Ten-
drils solitary, lateral, divided or undivided. Flowers solitary,
panicled, or in fascicles. Bracteas usually wanting. Branches
rising between the leaves and tendrils.
This order is nearly related to Passiflorece, to which they are
so closely allied, as hardly to be distinguishable, except in their
monopetalous corolla, sinuous stamens, unisexual flowers, and
exalbuminous seeds, the habit of both being nearly the same.
There is an affinity between the order and Campanuldcece in the
vol. in.
perigynous insertion of the stamens, the inferior ovarium, the
single style with several stigmas, the quinary division of the
flower, connected with the ternary division of the fruit, and
some analogy in the nature of the floral envelopes. The
small tribe Nliandirobece consists of plants having the habit of
Cucurbitacece, but some resemblance in their fruit to that of
Lecythidece, which, as is well known, border close upon Myr-
tacece ; but beyond this resemblance of the fruit, which
appears altogether to be a structure of analogy rather than
that of affinity, there is nothing to confirm the approachment.
Cucurbitacece is one of the most useful orders in the vegetable
kingdom, comprehending the melon, the cucumber, the choco,
and the various species of gourd and pumpkin, all useful as
food for man. A bitter laxative quality perhaps pervades all
these, which in the eolocynth is so concentrated as to become
an active purgative principle. The eolocynth of the shops is
prepared from the pulp of Cucumus colocyntJius ; it is of so
drastic and irritating a nature, as to be classed by Orfila among
his poisons ; but, according to Thunberg, this gourd is rendered
perfectly mild at the Cape of Good Hope, by being properly
pickled, Ainslie 1. p. 85. The bitter resinous matter in which
the active principles of eolocynth are supposed to exist, is called
by chemists colocynthine. A waxy substance is secreted by the
fruit of Benincasa cerifera. It is produced in most abundance
at the time of its ripening. Delisle descrip. The leaf of Feuil-
lea cordi/olia, is asserted by M. Drapiez to be a powerful anti-
dote against vegetable poisons. Edinb. phil. journ. 4. p. 221.
The fruit of Trichosdnthes palmata, pounded small, and inti-
mately blended with warm cocoa-nut oil, is considered a valuable
application in India for cleansing and healing the offensive sores
which sometimes take place in the inside of the ears. It is also
supposed to be a useful remedy poured up the nostrils in cases
of ozaema. Ainslie 2. p. 85. The root of Bryonia possesses
powerful purgative properties, but is said to be capable of
becoming wholesome food, if properly cooked. The perennial
roots of all the order appear to contain similar bitter drastic
virtues, especially that of Momordica elaterium or Squirting
B
9
CUCURBITACEAH.
Cucumber. An extremely active poisonous principle, called
elatine, has also been found in the placentas of the fruit of this
plant. It exists in such extremely small quantity, that Dr.
Clutterbuck only obtained 6 grains from 40 fruit. Edinb. phil.
journ. 3. p. 307. An ingenious explanation of the cause of the
singular ejection of the seeds of this plant will be found in
Dutrochet’s Nouvelles Recherches sur V Exosmose. The root
of Bryonia rostrata is prescribed in India internally in electuary
in cases of piles. It is also used as a demulcent, in the form of
powder. That of Bryonia cordifolia is considered cooling, and
to possess virtues in complaints requiring expectorants. Ainslie
2. p. 21. The root of Bryonia epigce'a was once supposed to
be the famous colomba-root, to which it approaches very nearly
in quality. The tender shoots and leaves of Bryonia scdbra are
aperient, having been previously roasted. Ainslie 2. p. 212. The
seeds of all the species are sweet and oily, and capable of forming
very readily an emulsion. Those of Ampelosicyos scdndens are
as large as chestnuts, and said to be as good as almonds, having
a very agreeable flavour. When pressed they yield an abund-
ance of oil, equal to that of the finest olives. De Candolle
remarks that the seeds of this family never participate in the
property of the pulp that surrounds them.
Synopsis of the Genera.
Tribe I.
Nhandiro'be.k. Tendrils axillary, in the place of peduncles.
Flowers dioecious.
1 Feui'llea. Calyx of the male flowers 5-cleft. Petals 5,
joined at the base. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, some-
times 10, but 5 of them are sterile. Calyx of the female flowers
5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct. Styles 3 ; stigmas broad, bifid.
Fruit globose, fleshy.
2 Zanonia. Male flowers. Calyx 3-lobed (f. 1. a.). Petals
5, joined into a 5-parted rotate, spreading corolla (f. 1. b. c.).
Stamens 5, joined at the base ; anthers 1-celied. Female
flowers. Calyx with a long turbinate tube, and a 5-lobed limb.
Corolla as in the male flowers. Styles 3, spreading, bifid at the
apex. Fruit long, turbinate, fleshy ; seeds winged (f. 1 . d. e.).
Tribe II.
Cucurbi'te^:. Tendrils lateral, stipular. Flowers herma-
phrodite, dioecious, or monoecious.
3 Lagena'ria. Calyx campanulate, with subulate or broadish
segments ; corolla white ; petals obovate. Stamens 5, triadel-
phous. Stigmas 3, thick, 2-lobed. Fruit 3-5-celled. Flowers
dioecious.
4 Cu'cumis. Calyx tubularly-campanulate, with subulate
segments. Petals almost distinct. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels. Stig-
mas 3, thick, bipartite. Fruit 3-6-celled. Flowers monoecious
or hermaphrodite, yellow.
5 Lu'ffa. Male flowers panicled ; tube of calyx hemisphe-
rical. Petals distinct. Stamens 5, free ; anthers very sinuous.
Female flowers solitary ; tube of calyx clavate. Stigmas reni-
form. Fruit ovate, 3-celled. Flowers yellow.
6 Beninca'sa. Flowers polygamous, monoecious, solitary ;
calycine segments with undulated, toothed margins. Petals
obovate, spreading, curled. Stamens in 3 parcels ; anthers
irregular, with distant circumvolutions. Stigmas very thick.
Flowers yellow.
7 Erythropa'lum. Flowers monoecious. Limb of calyx
obsoletely 5-toothed. Petals 5, bicallous at base inside. Sta-
mens 5, rising from the edge of the tube. Style short. Fruit
clavate, 1-celled, 3-valved, 1 -seeded.
8 Tu'ria. Flowers monoecious. Male ones umbellate.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-petalled. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels ;
anthers irregularly undulated. Stamens barren in the female
flowers. Stigmas 3, 2-lobed. Fruit cylindrical, villous, warted.
9 Bryonia. Flowers monoecious or dioecious ; petals almost
distinct. Male flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Stamens in 3 parcels.
Anthers flexuous. Female flowers. Style trifid. Fruit ovate
or globose, smooth. Tendrils usually simple, seldom bifid.
10 Si'cyos. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers. Calyx
5-toothed. Corolla 5-parted. Filaments 3. Female flower.
Style trifid ; stigmas thickish, trifid. Fruit 1-seeded from abor-
tion, usually beset with spines. Peduncles many-flowered.
11 Elate'rium. Flowers monoecious ; male ones racemose
or corymbose. Calyx with inconspicuous teeth. Corolla hardly
gamopetalous. Filaments and anthers joined. Female flowers
solitary. Calyx echinated at the base, with the neck filiform.
Style crowned by a capitate stigma. Capsule coriaceous, reni-
form, echinated, 1-celled, 2-3-valved, many-seeded, bursting
elastically. Flowers yellow or white.
12 Momordica. Flowers monoecious; peduncles filiform,
unibracteate. Male flowers. Calyx 5-cleft, with a very short
tube. Corolla 5-parted. Stamens in 3 parcels ; anthers con-
nected. Female flowers with 3 sterile filaments. Style trifid.
Ovarium 3-celled. Fruit generally muricated, bursting elas-
tically when mature.
13 Neurospe'rma. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers.
Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5, diadelphous, having 2
glands alternating with the bundles. Female flowers. Calyx
and corolla parted. Ovarium beset with 8 series of warts.
Style trifid, girded by 3 glands at the base ; stigmas 2-lobed.
Fruit fleshy, 3-celled, but when mature 1-celled, 3-9-seeded.
14 Se’chium. Flowers monoecious, yellow. Calyx 5-toothed,
with 1 0 foveolas. Corolla joined with the calyx. Stamens 4-5,
monadelphous. Style thick ; stigma capitate, 3-5-cleft. Fruit
obcordate, 1-seeded.
15 Melothria. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-toothed.
Corolla campanulate ; petals ciliated or toothed, never fringed.
Filaments 5, in 3 parcels. Style 1 ; stigmas 3, fringed. Fruit
3-celled, many-seeded.
16 Trichosa'nthes. Flowers monoecious, white. Male
flowers. Calyx subclavate, 5-parted, appendiculate. Corolla
5-parted, ciliated (f. 2. a.). Filaments 3. Anthers joined. Female
flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-parted, laciniately cili-
ated (f. 2. a.). Style trifid (f. 2. d.). Stigmas oblong, subulate.
Fruit oblong (f. 2. b.), 1 or 3-9-celled.
17 Ampelosicyos. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers. Calyx
turbinate, 5-cleft (f. 3. a.); segments denticulated (f. 3. b.).
CUCURBITACEAL I. Feuillea. II. Zanonia.
3
Corolla 5-petalIed(f. 3. c.) ; petals oblong, fringed (f. 3. d.). Sta-
mens 5, in 3 parcels. Female flowers. Limb of calyx 5 -toothed.
Corolla as in the male. Stigma capitate, 3-lobed, ex Bojer.
Fruit fleshy, 2-3 feet long, and 8 inches thick, elongated, fur-
rowed (f. 3. e.). Flowers purple.
18 Cucu'rbita. Flowers monoecious, yellow. Petals joined
together, and with the calyx. Male flowers. Calyx campanu-
late. Stamens 5, in 3 bundles and syngenesious. Anthers
curved at both ends. Female flowers. Calyx clavate, narrowed
towards the apex. Stigmas 3, thickish, 2-lobed. Fruit 3-5-
celled.
ID Involucra'ria. Flowers monoecious. Male ones um-
bellate, sessile ; bracteas reniform, fringe-toothed, involucrum-
formed. Tube of calyx obconical ; sepals linear, acute. An-
thers joined together. Female flowers solitary, on long pe-
duncles.
20 Muri'cia. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-parted, in-
closed in a large undivided, 1 -flowered sheath. Corolla cam-
panulate, 5-petalled. Stamens 5, in 3 bundles, and syngenesious.
Style 1 ; stigmas 3, sagittate, horizontal. Berry muricated, 1-
celled, many-seeded.
21 Angu'ria. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers. Calyx
campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla joined with the calyx, ven-
tricose, red, 5-parted. Stamens 2. Female flowers with a calyx
and corolla as in the males, and 2 sterile stamens. Style semi-
bifid ; stigmas bifid. Fruit 2-4-celled, many-seeded, somewhat
tetragonal.
f Genera not sufficiently known.
22 Zi/cca. Flowers solitary, axillary. Bractea large, con-
cave, involving a large, coloured, 5-sepalled calyx, and girded
by 5 scales at the base. Stamens 5.
23 Alla'sia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx gamosepalous,
girded by a short involucrum. Segments 5, acutish, pilose.
Corolla 4-petallea ; petals pilose. Stamens 4, but more pro-
bably 8, joined by twos ; anthers 2-lobed. Style subulate,
crowned by an acute stigma. Berry fleshy, large, oblong, ob-
tuse, 1 -celled, many-seeded.
24 Gronovia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx funnel-
shaped, 5-parted ; scales 5, linear, petal-formed, pellucid, alter-
nate with the calycine segments. Stamens 5, free, alternating
with the scales. Style crowned by a capitate stigma. Berry
dry, nearly globose, 1-seeded, crowned by the dry permanent
calyx.
25 Kolbia. Flowers dioecious ? Calyx gamosepalous,
with a crenulated edge. Corolla gamopetalous, 5-lobed; lobes
with glandular erlges. Nectary ? 5-leaved ; lobes with feathery
ciliated edges. Stamens 5, monadelphous ; filaments short ;
anthers long, conniving.
Tribe I.
NHANDIRO'BEdE (plants agreeing with Nhandiroba in im-
portant characters). St. Hil. ann. mus. 9. p. 215. Turp. diet,
sc. nat. atlas, icon. 2. D. C. prod. 3. p. 297. Tendrilsaxillary,
peduncular. Flowers dioecious.
I. FEUILLEA (in honour of Louis Feuillee, a traveller in
Chili ; author of Journal des Observations physiques, mathema-
tiques, et botaniques, faites dans l’Amerique Meridionale, &c.
3 vols. 4to. Paris, vols. 1 and 2. 1714. and 3. 1725.). Lin.
gen. 1118. Juss. gen. 397. Lam. ill. t. 815. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 297. — Fevillea, Pers. syst. regl. ed. 15. p. 929. — Nhandi-
roba, Plum. gen. 20. t. 27.
Lin. syst. Dioecia, Penlandria. Flowers dioecious. Male
flowers. Calyx 5-cleft beyond the middle. Petals 5, rather
joined at the base, inserted in the throat of the calyx, and alter-
nating with the sepals. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, and
alternating with them, sometimes 10, but when this is the case,
5 of which are always sterile, (ex Juss.) Anthers 2-celled,
didymous. Female flowers. Tube of calyx adnate to the ova-
rium ; limb 5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct, or joined at the base,
oblong. Lamellae or abortive stamens 5, sometimes alternating
with the petals (ex Juss.). Styles 3. Stigmas broad, bluntly
bifid. Fruit globose, fleshy, 3-celled, indehiscent, with solid
bark and a large fleshy trigonal central axis ; cells many ovu-
late. Ovula erect from the centre. Seeds compressed, oval.
Embryo straight. Cotyledons flat, rather fleshy.— Intratropical
American, rather frutescent climbing herbs. Leaves alternate,
petiolate, exstipulate, palmately nerved, cordate, glabrous.
Tendrils axillary, spirally twisted, in place of peduncles. Pe-
duncles axillary, 1 or many-flowered. Flowers small. Seeds
oily, bitter. This genus has a habit emulating Passijldra. Fruit
in the form of that of Couroupita, a genus of Lecythidece.
1 F. puncta'ta (Poir. diet. 4. p. 418.) leaves 3-lobed or
ternate, beset with glandular dots on both surfaces along the
nerves, but more especially beneath ; lobes of leaves lanceolate,
rather cut. . rs, S. Native of St. Domingo. Trichosanthes
punctata, Lin. spec. 1432.amoen. acad. 3. p. 423. exclusive of
the country. Fevillea trilobata, Reich, syst. 4. p. 253.
Dotted- leaved Feuillea. PI. cl.
2 F. triloba'ta (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 1014.) leaves rather
glandular on both surfaces, 3-parted or trifid ; lower lobes ob-
tuse, upper ones acute. . r\ S. Native of Brazil. F. scan-
dens fi, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1457. F. hederacea, Poir. diet. 4.
p. 419. Chandiroba or Nhandiroba, Margr. bras. 46. lower figure.
Three-lobed- leaved Feuillea. PI. cl.
3 F. cordifolia (Poir. diet. 4. p. 418.) leaves glandless,
cordate, acuminated, or somewhat 3-lobed, and rather serrated.
1/ . r'. S. Native of the West Indies. Plum, ed Burm. t. 209.
F. scandens a, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1457. F. hederacea, Turp.
in diet. sc. nat. with a figure. The leaves of this species are
said to be a powerful antidote against vegetable poisons.
Heart-leaved Feuillea. PI. cl.
4 F. Javilla (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 124.)
leaves glandless, roundish, sinuately cordate, acuminated. 1/ .
rs. S. Native of New Granada, in woods near Turbaco, where
it is called Javilla by the inhabitants. Seeds with subalate mar-
gins, hence this species agrees with the genus Zanonia.
Javilla Feuillea. PI. cl.
Cult. A light rich soil will suit the species of Feuillea ; and
cuttings of them will root readily under a hand-glass, in heat.
They are well fitted for training up rafters in stoves.
II. ZANO'NIA (named in memory of Giacomo Zanoni, for-
merly Prefect of the Botanic Garden at Bologna, author of
lstoria Botanica, Bol. 1675. fol. edited in Latin by Monti,
1742. He died 1682, aged 67.). Lin. gen. 1117. Juss. gen.
397. Lam. ill. t. 816. Blum, bijdr. p. 937. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 298. but not of Plum.
Lin. syst. Dioecia, Monadelphia. Flowers dioecious. Male.
Calyx 3-lobed (f. 1. «.). Petals 5, joined into a 5-parted rotate
corolla (f. 1. b. c.). Stamens 5 (f. 1. c.) ; filaments flat, con-
nected at the base; anthers 1-celled, adnate to the tops of the
filaments. Female. Tube of calvx long, turbinate ; limb 5-
b 2
4
CUCURBITACEiE. II. Zanonia. III. Lagenaria.
lobed. Corolla as in the male. Styles 3, spreading, bifid at.
the apex. Fruit long, turbinate, fleshy, having a circular line
at the apex, formed from the vestige of the calyx, opening by
3 valves at the top, 3-celled ; the rind solid : central placenta
fleshy, large, trigonal ; cells biovulate. Seeds ovate, mar-
gined by afoliaceous wing (f. 1. e. d.)„ exalbuminous. Embryo
inverted. — Smooth, climbing, Indian plants. Leaves alternate,
petiolate, exstipulate, ovate-lanceolate, cordate at the base,
acuminated, quite entire. Tendrils axillary. Peduncles also
axillary and racemose. This genus, from the general form of
the fruit, is like the genus Couritari, but from the characters it is
allied to Femllea. The interior fabric of the seeds is unknown.
Loose Zanonia. Shrub cl.
8 Z. heterospe'rma (Wall. 1. c.) stem filiform, very slender;
leaves pedate, with 5 leaflets ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated,
serrated ; capsule clavate, angular, borne on very long capil-
laceous peduncles ; seeds scabrous from scales. Jj . S. Na-
tive of Mount Taong Dong, near Ava. Capsule chartaceous,
trigonal, 8 lines long, with a 3-toothed mouth. The scales on
the seeds are elegantly imbricated, and girded by a narrow
margin.
Variable-seeded. Zanonia. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Feuillea , p. 3. for the culture and propagation of
the species.
Sect. I. Zanonia (see genus for derivation). Blum. 1. c.
Cells of fruit 2-seeded. Fruit elongated, somewhat tetragonal.
1 Z. I'ndica (Lin. spec.
1157.) leaves elliptic, acute,
rather cordate at the base ;
racemes axillary. Tj . r'. S.
Native of Malabar, Ceylon,
and Java. Blum. 1. c. Pe-
narvalli, Rheed. mal. 8. t.
47 and 48.
Indian Zanonia. PI. cl.
Sect. II. Alsomitra
(from aXaoe, alsos, a grove, e
and girpa, mitra, a girdle ;
the plants grow in groves
and entwine round the trees
by means of ring-like ten-
drils.). Blum. 1. c. Cells
of ovarium many-seeded. Fruit hemispherical, truncate at the
apex, or elongated.
2 Z. macroca'rpa (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptic, acutish,
rounded at the base ; racemes axillary. Tj . w S. Native of
Java, on the mountains of Parang.
Large-fruited Zanonia. PI. cl.
3 Z. sarcophy'ela (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 28. t. 133.)
leaves trifoliate ; leaflets thick, fleshy, ovate, obtuse, quite
entire. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, in sterile ex-
posed situations along the banks of the Irawaddi. The plant
climbs by means of simple and slender tendrils. The leaves
are of a pale glaucous colour. Flowers small, very numerous,
forming ample, greenish, nodding panicles. The different sexes
are produced in distinct plants.
Fleshy-leaved Zanonia. Shrub cl.
4 Z.CLAVtGERA (Wall. 1. c.) smooth ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets
oblong, acuminated, quite entire ; fruit large, clavate. S.
Native of Silhet, where it is called in the Bengalee language
Kisknobera. The fruit is 3 inches long, and as thick as a thumb.
Club-bearing Zanonia. Shrub cl.
5 Z. angula'ta (Wall. 1. c.) smooth; stem angular; leaves
simple, somewhat hastately lanceolate, cordate at the base ; fruit
large, clavate. T? . S. Native of Silhet. The fruit is as
long as a finger, and very thick.
Angular- stemmed Zanonia. Shrub cl.
6 Z. cissioides (Wall. 1. c.) stem filiform, angular ; leaves
pedate, with 5 or 7 leaflets ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated at
both ends, coarsely and cuspidately serrated ; petioles and pe-
duncles pilose, ij . ^. S. Native of Nipaul.
Cissus-like Zanonia. Shrub cl.
7 Z. la'xa (Wall. 1. c. p. 29.) stem filiform, much branched,
bifariously pilose ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets acuminated, ser-
rated, intermediate one lanceolate, lateral ones half cordate ;
petioles and peduncles pilose. T? . S. Native of Silhet.
Tribe II.
CUCURBI'TEiE (plants agreeing with Cucurbita in impor-
tant characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 299. Tendrils lateral,
stipular. Flowers hermaphrodite, dioecious, or monoecious.
III. LAGENA'RIA (from lagena, a bottle ; form of fruit of
some of the species). Ser. diss. 1. c. D. C. prod. 3. p. 299. —
Cucurbita species of authors.
Lin. syst. Dioecia, Polydelphia. Calyx campanulate ;
segments subulate or broadish, shorter than the tube. Corolla
white ; petals obovate, rising from beneath the margin of the
calyx. Male. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels, the fifth one free. Female.
Style almost wanting ; stigmas 3, thick, 2-lobed, granular.
Fruit 3-5 ? celled. Seeds obovate, compressed, 2-lobed at the
apex, with tumid margins. Flowers monoecious.
1 L. vulga'ris (Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 299.) plant
musky scented, clothed with soft pubescence ; stems climbing ;
tendrils 3-4-cleft ; leaves cordate, nearly entire, biglandular at
the base, pilose, rather glaucescent ; flowers monoecious, stel-
late, spreading much, in fascicles ; connectives of anthers beset
with oblong-ovate, acute papillae ; fruit pubescent, but when
mature quite smooth ; flesh white, edible. ©. H. Native
within the tropics. Cucurbita lagenaria, Lin. spec. 1434. Sieb.
hort. 1. t. 69. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 144. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 23.
sect. 57. t. 5. f. 1, 2, 3. Flowers large, white. Fruit shaped
like a bottle ; when ripe of a pale yellow colour, some near 6
feet long, with a roundish bottom and a neck ; the rind becoming
hard, and being dried, contains water ; it is then of a pale bay
colour. The bottle-gourd is called Cliarrali by the Arabians.
The poor people eat it, boiled with vinegar, or fill the shells
with rice and meat, thus making a kind of pudding of it.
It grows in all parts of Egypt and Arabia, wherever the moun-
tains are covered with rich soil. In Jamaica and many other
places within the tropics, the shells are generally used for holding
water or palm wine, and serve as bottles. The pulp of the fruit
is often employed in resolutive poultices ; it is bitter and purga-
tive, and may be used instead of colocynth.
Far. a, gourda (Ser. mss. ex D. C. 1. c) fruit unequally bi-
ventricose. — Moris, hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 1. Dodon. pempt. 668.
f. 1. Bottle gourd. Gourde des pelerins.
Var. |8, gougourda (Ser. 1. c.) fruit ventricose at the base,
neck oblong. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 398. t. 144. Braam. icon,
chin. t. 17. Commonly called Gougourde.
Var. y, depressa (Ser. 1. c.) fruit globose, depressed.
Var. S, turbindta (Ser. 1. c.) fruit somewhat campanulately
pear-shaped. Mor. hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 2. Dodon. pempt.
t. 669. f. 1.
Var. e, clavata (Ser. mss.) fruit obovate-oblong, club-shaped.
— Moris, hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 3. Dodon. pempt. 669. f. 2.
Gourde trompette, Gourde massue, or Trumpet gourd.
Common Bottle Gourd. FI. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. trail.
2 L. vitta'ta (Ser. 1. c.) leaves roundish-cordate, somewhat
repand, obsoletely denticulated, rough ; peduncles crowded, 1-
flowered ; fruit pear-shaped, striped lengthwise, puberulous.
CUCURBITACEiE. III. Lagenaria. IV. Cucumis.
5
O. H. Native country unknown, but collected in the gardens
of India. Bonteng-suri of the Hindoos. Cucurbita vittata,
Blum, bijdr. p. 932.
Ribbed. Gourd. PI. cl.
3 L. ? hi'spida (Ser. 1. c.) greyish, pilose ; leaves cordate,
5-angled, acuminated, denticulated, beset with pedicellate glands
beneath ; stem and petioles densely hispid ; flowers densely
■fclothed with ferruginous hairs. ©. F. Native of Japan and
the East Indies. Cucurbita hispida, Thunb. fl. jap p. 322.
and Willd. spec. 4. p. 608. Waluh of the Indians. Perhaps
only a variety of L. vulgaris.
Hispid Gourd. PI. trailing.
4 L. ? idola'trica (Ser. 1. c.) leaves cordate, cuspidate, cbso-
letely 3-lobed, pubescent, biglandular at the base ; lateral lobes
very short and cuspidate; fruit pear-shaped. ©. F. Native
of Guinea and the East Indies. Cucurbita Idolatrica, Willd.
spec. 4. p. 607. Blum, bijdr. p. 930. Labu-eyer and Kulcuk
of the Hindoos. Perhaps only a variety of L. vulgaris. In
India the fruit of this plant is held in great veneration by the
Hindoos, in their religious ceremonies.
Worshipped Gourd. PI. trailing.
Cult. See Cucurbita, p. 41. for culture and propagation.
IV. CU'CUMIS (said to be from kikvoq or 2 acvog. Varro
says, “ Cucumeres dicuntur a curvore, ut curvimeres dicti”).
Lin. gen. no. 1479. Juss. gen. p. 395. Gaertn. fruct. t. 88.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 299. — Chcumis and Melo, Tourn. inst. p.
104. Colocinthis, Tourn, inst. p. 107. — Rigocarpus, Neck. elem.
bot. no. 386.
Lin. syst. Dioecia, Polyadelphia. Calyx tubularly campa-
nulate ; segments subulate, hardly the length of the tube.
Petals hardly joined together or to the calyx. — Male. Stamens
5, in 3 parcels. — Female. Stigmas 3, thick, bipartite. Fruit
3-6-celled. Seeds ovate, compressed, not marginate. Flowers
monoecious or hermaphrodite, yellow.
1 C. me'lo (Lin. spec. 1436.) stem trailing, scabrous, cir-
rhiferous ; leaves roundish, angular, petiolate; male flowers
having the tube of the calyx rather ventricose at the base, and
rather dilated at the apex ; stamens inclosed ; anthers shorter
than their connectives ; the hermaphrodite flowers with the an-
thers as in the males ; stigmas 3-4, shortly 2-lobed ; fruit ovate
or sub-globose, 8-1 2-furrowed ; flesh sugary, yellow, red, or white.
©. F. Native of Asia. Called rhetimou by the Hindoos;
Melon, Engl, and Fr. ; Melone , Germ. ; Mellone, Ital.
The melon is a tender annual, producing one of the richest
fruits brought to the dessert, and has been cultivated in England
since 1570, but the precise time of its introduction is unknown.
It was originally brought to this country from Jamaica, and was,
till within the last fifty years, called the musk-melon. The fruit,
to be grown to perfection, requires the aid of artificial heat and
glass throughout every stage of its culture. Its minimum tem-
perature may be estimated at 65°, in which it will germinate
and grow ; but it requires a heat of from 75° to 80° to ripen its
fruit, which, in ordinary cases, it does in 4 months from the time
of sowing the seed.
Varieties. — There are numerous varieties, many of which,
especially those raised from seeds brought from Italy and Spain,
are not worth cultivating. The best sorts are included under
tbe name of Cantaloups, an appellation bestowed on them from
a seat of the Pope near Rome, where this variety is supposed
to have been originally produced. The general character of
the Cantaloups is a roundish form, rough, warty, or netted outer
rind ; neither very large in fruit or leaves. The Romanas, an
Italian sort, is next in esteem, are generally oval-shaped, regu-
larly netted ; the fruit and leaves middle-sized, and the plants
great bearers. Many varieties of both these sorts, however,
that were formerly in esteem, are now lost, degenerated, or sup-
planted by others of Spanish or Persian origin. The following
is a descriptive list of the sorts.
• List of Melons.
Var. a, reticulatus (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 300.) fruit
roundish or oblong, with a grey reticulated rind. — Blackw. herb,
t. 329. The following sorts of melons belong to this variety : —
1 Beechrvood melon. This is an excellent, early, greenish
yellow kind, with a netted rind and a greenish-white flesh, of a
middle size.
2 Melon maraicher. The flesh of this sort is very thick and
watery ; hardly sweet-scented.
3 Melon de Honjleur. A late melon, with a thin yellow rind,
and pale red sugary flesh. It is of inferior quality but large
in size.
4 Melon des Carmes. A well-flavoured large fruit, with a
thick orange rind, and juicy sugary pulp.
5 Melon de Langeais. A middle-sized, ribbed fruit, with
orange-coloured, sugary, sweet-scented flesh.
6 Melon sucrin de Tours. Fruit large, with firm, sugary,
orange-coloured flesh.
7 Sucrin a chair blanche.
8 Sucrin d chassis.
9 Sucrin vert.
1 0 Sucrin a petits grains.
1 1 Succada. A late green middle-sized netted melon.
Far. (3, Cantalupo (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 300.) fruit large,
with broadly ribbed, and furrowed, warted, thick rind. The fol-
lowing sorts belong to this variety.
1 Early Cantaloup. A deep-furrowed, early, middle-sized
kind, with white, deeply-furrowed, thin skin ; and orange-coloured
flesh, not very highly flavoured. It sets well, and is a great
bearer.
2 Silver cantaloup. Cantaloup argente. A shallow-fur-
rowed, middle-sized fruit, and before it is full grown is mixed
with silver and green.
3 Large black Holland cantaloup. Cantaloup gros noir de
Hollande. A large fruit, with green, furrowed, thin rind : and
red rather coarse flesh.
4 Hybrid cantaloup. A small good early fruit, with a
whitish rind and red pulp.
5 Montagu cantaloup. This is a variety produced from the
Italian green-fleshed and the smooth scarlet-fleshed cantaloup.
A middle-sized, early good fruit, but with a thick, yellow, fur-
rowed rind and pale red flesh, which is soft and juicy, and com-
pletely melting in the mouth.
6 Netted cantaloup, or White-seeded cantaloup. This is a
very juicy, highly-flavoured, small fruit, with a thin, netted,
yellow rind.
7 Orange cantaloup. A small, round, pale yellow, netted
fruit. The flesh, when just fit for cutting, is orange ; but wdien
riper it is more red. In respect to flavour, it is excelled by
none of tbe melon tribe, being juicy, sugary, and rich. The
plant is a free grow er, an early setter, and a great bearer.
8 Black rock cantaloup. A large late melon, with a thick dark
green rind, and salmon-coloured flesh. It is juicy, but not very
high flavoured.
9 Carbuncled rock cantaloup. Very like the black rock, as
to colour and flavour, but differs in being cheese-shaped.
There are a small and a large kind of this ; the smaller kind is
the best.
10 Lee's rock cantaloup. Rather long than round, and more
green than black. Much the same in flavour as the preceding.
11 Scarlet-fleshed cantaloup. A middle-sized early good
fruit, with a thick yellow rind and red sweet flesh. It is par-
ticularly high flavoured.
6
CUCURBITACE/E. IV. Cucumis.
12 Italian green-Jleshed. A middle-sized early good fruit,
with a thick yellow rind and green flesh : in flavour both rich
and sweet.
13 Ionian green-Jleshed cantaloup. A large thin-skinned
lemon-coloured and lemon-scented fruit, of excellent flavour,
but not a great bearer.
14 Egyptian green-Jleshed. A middle-sized early good fruit,
with a thin white netted skin and green flesh : in flavour resem-
bling the preceding.
15 Dutch green-Jleshed. An indifferent sort.
16 Crimea green-Jleshed. A useless late fruit, of middling
size, with a thin green skin and pale red flesh.
1 7 Persian green-Jleshed. A middle-sized, green, thin-
skinned sort, with green flesh. Not good.
18 Green-Jleshed Masulipatam. A very small and excellent
early sort, with green skin and green flesh.
19 Greenjleshed Valparaiso. Not very good.
20 Red-Jleshed Valparaiso.
21 Dutch rock. A rather large good fruit, with a thick
yellow rind, and orange-coloured flesh.
22 Early rock. A good early fruit.
23 Golden rock. A middle-sized fruit, with a thick yellow
rind and pale red flesh, of excellent flavour.
24 Scarlet rock.
25 Silver rock. A large late fruit, with a thick yellow rind,
and pale red flesh, which is juicy, sweet, and well-flavoured.
26 Netted scarlet-Jleshed. A good sort.
27 Smooth scarlet-Jleshed. A middle-sized fruit, of excellent
flavour. The rind is thick, smooth, and yellow, and the flesh
orange-coloured.
28 Windsor scarlet-Jleshed. A rather large, excellent-fla-
voured, late kind, with thickgreen rind, and salmon-coloured flesh.
29 Lee’s Romana. A middle-sized, longish, shallow-furrowed
fruit. Rind hard, partly netted, and pale yellow : the flesh full
yellow and pretty high flavoured, but not very juicy.
30 Large netted Romana. The largest of the romanas, regu-
larly netted all over, and shallow-furrowed, often attaining a
large size. Rind hard and pale yellow, the flesh full yellow,
but not very juicy : very high-flavoured, if eaten sharp ripe.
31 Fair’s Romana. A small oval fruit, the rind greenish
yellow when ripe, and the flesh a pale yellow, not very juicy;
but well-flavoured and agreeable.
32 Early Polignac. An early rich middle-sized fruit, with
a thick yellow rind, and pale red flesh. It is in frequent cul-
tivation.
33 Portugal. There are two varieties of this kind, a small
and a large sort ; they are noted as good bearers and early.
34 Sweet Italian. A large orange-coloured sort, of moderate
quality.
35 Netted succado. A middle-sized late green-skinned sort.
36 Small Levant. A middle-sized sort, with a thick green
skin and pale red flesh. Not of good quality.
37 Smooth yellow-Jleshed Valparaiso. A middle-sized, late,
green, thin-skinned sort ; the flesh white, of moderate flavour.
38 Brasilian. An inferior middle-sized sort, with thin green
skin and orange-coloured flesh.
39 Melon d’ete d’Odesse. A rather large, later, indifferent
fruit, witli thin orange skin and white flesh.
40 Melon d’Olor. A very small fruit, with yellow skin and
white flesh, of good quality.
41 Netted French melon. A rather large late fruit, with a
thick yellow rind and yellow flesh, of bad quality.
42 Nutmeg. A late green, thick-skinned sort, with white
flesh.
43 Queen Ann's melon, early queen, or queen's pocket melon.
A very small fruit, with ornamental striped thin skin, and white
flesh.
44 Carthagena. A large high-flavoured fruit, with a thick
orange-coloured rind and pale red flesh.
45 Cassabar. A large late fruit, with green thin skin, and
white flesh.
46 Cephalonia. A large oblong fruit, with thin yellow skin
and green flesh, of tolerable flavour.
47 Choujleur. A large fruit of little use ; the skin is thick
and yellow, and the flesh pale red.
48 Gaboon. A large late fruit, of little value ; with yellow
skin and yellow flesh.
49 Geree, ostrich egg. A middle-sized late fruit, of excel-
lent flavour : the skin as well as the flesh is green. The plant
is rather tender.
50 Gros Prescott fond blanc. A large late fruit, wTith a thick
yellow rind, and orange-coloured flesh.
51 Petit Prescott. Fruit depressed, crowned at the top;
ribs warted : flesh delicious.
52 Cantaloup natif d’Allemagne. An early fruit, with a
greenish-yellow smoothish rind, but not of good quality.
53 Cantaloup boule de Siam. Fruit very much depressed,
with a dark green rind, full of warted ribs.
54 Hardy ridge. A middle-sized late fruit, with a thick
yellow rind and red flesh, of good flavour.
A list of melons which are hardly known ; but none of them
are perhaps worth cultivation.
1 De Andalousie. 2 Cantaloup a. chair verle. 3 Cantaloup
a fond noir. 5 Cantaloup Galleux. 6 Chili musk. 7 Crimea.
8 Citron. 9 D'Espagne. 10 Fagos. 11 Fin hat if. 12 Gol-
den egg. 13 Grand Mogul. 14 Green Spanish oval. 15 Gros
Galleux a chair verte. 1 6 Hardy scarlet-fleshed. 1 7 Highclere.
18 D’Hiver. 19 Large Astrachan. 20 Levant. 21 Melon
gris des Carmes. 22 Melon of Honda. 23 Melon of Jaffa.
24 Melon Turc. 25 Madeira. 26 Mendoza. 27 Le Mogul.
28 Du Peron. 29 Pine apple or Melon d’ Ananas. 30 Musk
melon. 31 Carthagena musk melon. 32 Murray' s pine-apple.
33 Noir de Hollande tres gros. 34 Turkish melon. 35 Valen-
tia or winter melon. 36 Wynestay.
Var. y, Maltensis (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 300.) fruit with
a smooth thin rind. This variety is divisible into two parts, as
Maltese Melons and Persian Melons.
* Maltese melons.
1 Melon de Malle blanc or Melon de Malle a chair blanche.
An early middle-sized ovate-oblong fruit, with white watery
sugary flesh.
2 Melon de Malte jaune. Flesh of fruit orange-coloured,
sweet-scented.
3 Melon de la Moree ou de Candie, or Melon de Malte d'hiver.
This kind is cultivated in various countries bordering on the
Mediterranean sea, and particularly in the orange gardens at
Hiers, near Toulon, whence its fruit is sent to Paris. The skin
is thin; the flesh white, firm, sugary, and juicy ; not rich, but
pleasant. The shape oval, size about a foot long and eight
inches broad ; of a dark green colour. This fruit is regularly
imported, and may be had in the fruit shops from September to
January.
* * Persian melons.
1 Daree. A good-sized fruit ; skin thin and green ; flesh
white, high-flavoured. A late fruit.
2 Dampsha melon. An excellent, late, rather large fruit, of
nearly a cylindrical form, and netted ; rind thin and yellotv when
ripe ; flesh green, quite melting, and of excellent flavour. The
fruit will keep, if hung up by its stalk, for some time.
3 Large germek. An excellent early green-skinned sort, of
considerable size ; flesh green.
CUCURBITACEdE. IV. Cucumis.
7
4 Small germek. This is much smaller than the last-named
sort ; the skin is yellow and the flesh green.
5 Goorgab. A middle-sized late fruit, with yellow rind and
white flesh. A useless sort.
6 Green Hoosa'mee. A middle-sized late sort, of good quality;
rind thin, green ; flesh white.
7 Striped Hoosa'mee. A very good late sort, with greenish-
yellow rind, and white flesh.
8 Kasan sugar melon. A good sort.
9 Keiseng. This is said to be one of the best Persian melons ;
the skin is thin, pale yellow, and red, and the flesh white.
10 Kurchaing. A very good sort, of considerable size ; the
skin is lemon-coloured, and the flesh white.
11 Melon of Erivan.
12 Melon of Gerger. A middle-sized good fruit, with yellow
skin and red flesh.
13 Melon of Nukshevan. This is an excellent late kind ; the
skin is yellow, and the pulp white.
1 4 Melon of Nusserabad.
15 Melon of Seen. A middle-sized fruit of indifferent quality.
It is a late sort, with yellow rind and green flesh.
1 6 Green Persian. A fruit of indifferent flavour.
17 Oldakers Persian. A fruit of considerable size but no
merit ; the rind is orange-coloured, and the flesh green.
18 Sir Gore Ouseley’s Persian. A large fruit of good quality ;
the skin is yellow and the flesh white.
1 9 Sweet melon of Ispahan. This is said to be one of the very
best melons. It grows to a large size; the skin is yellow and
the flesh green, crisp, sugary, and rich in taste.
20 Talibee melon.
21 Teheran melon.
22 Salonica. A round fruit, with a gold-coloured rind, and
white flesh ; improves in flavour and richness till it becomes
quite soft ; consistence of its pulp nearly that of a water melon,
and very sweet.
On the degeneracy of the larger varieties of Persian melons. —
Mr. Knight thinks that it would be strange if every large and
excellent variety of melon did not degenerate, under our ordi-
nary modes of culture. For every large and excellent variety
of melon, must necessarily have been the production of high
culture and abundant food ; and a continuance of the same
measures to it, in its highly improved state, must be necessary
to prevent its receding in successive generations from that state.
Abundant food, it is true, is generally, perhaps always, given by
the British gardener to his melon plants : but sufficient light,
under the most favourable circumstances, can only be obtained
during a part of the year, and a sufficient breadth of foliage to
enable the melon plant properly to nourish a fruit of large size
and rich saccharine quality, so that it may obtain the highest
state of growth and perfection which it is capable of acquiring,
has rarely, and probably never, been given in any season of the
year, by any British gardener. Mr. Knight has cultivated the
Sweet Ispahan melon, and found it a very superior variety. He
has cultivated this variety generally in brick pits, surrounded
by hollow walls, through which warm atmospheric air at all
times enters abundantly ; putting each plant in a separate large
pot, and suffering it to bear one melon only : but the fruit sets
sufficiently well in a common hot-bed. The rind of the Ispa-
han melon, being very soft and thin, the fruit is apt to sustain
injury on the lower side ; they should be raised above the
ground a little by some means while young, so as the air may
pass under them. When seeds of the Ispahan melon are only
wanted, it is quite time enough to sow in the beginning of
April, so that the fruit may ripen in August. Very valuable
varieties of melons may be obtained, for one generation at least,
by cross breeding among the smaller and more hardy varieties
8
of green and white-fleshed melons and the large Persian va-
rieties. It is generally supposed that the offspring of cross-
bred plants, as of animals, usually present great irregularity and
variety of character ; but if a male of permanent character and
habits, and, of course not cross-bred, be selected, that will com-
pletely overrule the disposition to sport irregularly in the cross-
bred variety ; alike in the animal and vegetable world, the per-
manent habit always controlling and prevailing over the variable.
The finest varieties of melon are usually supposed by gardeners
to be fruits of as easy culture as the pine-apple, but experience
has led us to draw a contrary conclusion. If the leaves of the
melon plant be suddenly exposed to the influence of the sun in
a bright day, which has succeeded a few cloudy days, for a short
time only, they frequently become irreparably injured. If the
air of the bed be kept a little too damp, the stems of the plants
often canker, and the leaves and stalks sustain injury in the
common hot-bed ; and, if the air be too dry, the plants, and
consequently the fruit, are injured by the depredations of the
red spider. — Loud. gard. mag. vol. 7. pp. 186, 187, 188.
In the cultivation of the melon, Knight observes, “ it is a
matter of much importance to procure proper seed. Some
gardeners are so scrupulous on this point, that they will not
sow the seed unless they have seen and tasted the fruit from
which they were taken. It is proper, at least, not to trust to
seeds which have not been collected by judicious persons. Some
make it a rule to preserve always the seeds of those individual
specimens which are first ripe, and even to take them from
the ripest side of the fruit. A criterion of the goodness and
probable fertility is generally sought by throwing them into a
vessel containing water ; such as sink are considered as good,
and likely to prove fertile, and those that float imperfect. It
is remarked of seeds brought from the Continent, that they
must have more bottom heat, and the young plants less water,
than are necessary for seeds ripened in this country, or young
plants sprung from these.”
The culture of the melon is an object of emulation among
gardeners, and the fruit of the best sorts have a peculiarly rich
flavour, thought by some to bear some resemblance to that of
the pine-apple. “ Ripe fruit,” Abercrombie observes, “ may
be had by forcing at any season, but the main crops, raised for
the general demand, are seldom cut, at the earliest, before May,
and the last succession mostly ceases to yield fruit after October.”
“ To ripen the best largest fine kinds,” M‘Phail observes, “ as
great an atmospherical heat, and a bottom heat to its roots
also, is required as is sufficient to ripen the pine-apple in this
country ; but as the melon is produced from an annual plant,
the seeds of which must be sown every year, it requires a dif-
ferent mode of culture. Different methods of culture, and various
kinds of earth and of manures have been recommended and
used successfully in rearing of melons. The great thing, after
planting, is to give them plenty of atmospherical heat, and a
sufficiency of external air, and water. Those methods which
are most simple and the least expensive, and best calculated to
assist in making a suitable climate for the melon to grow in
and ripen its fruit well, should be preferred.”
Soil. — Abercrombie says “ The melon will succeed in any
unexhausted loam, rich in vegetable rudiments, with a mixture
of sand, but not too light. The following is a good compost :
two-thirds of top-spit earth from a sheep common, adding sharp
sand, if the earth contains little or none, till half is sand ; one-
sixth of vegetable mould; and one-sixth of well-consumed
horse-dung. Or, if the earth is not obtained from a pasture,
rotted sheep- dung may be substituted for the last. The ingre-
dients should have been incorporated and pulverized by long
previous exposure and turning over. The compost should be
dried under shelter before it is used, and warmed in the frame
8
CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis.
for potting.” M‘Phail says, “ Melons will grow and produce
fruit of a good flavour, if they be planted in any kind of earth,
not of too light a texture, whether it be taken from a quarter
of the kitchen garden or from a corn-field, mixed well with
good rotten dung ; but earth of a loamy nature is the best,
because it retains moisture longer than lighter earth. Earth, dug
from the surface of a common, where sheep and cattle have
long been pastured, is excellent for the melon. It should be
broken well, and lie a few months before it is used, and if it be
exposed to a winter’s frost it will do it good. This sort of
earth, if it be taken from the surface of the common, will re-
quire no manure the first year of using. I would here mention
that unless the earth which 1 used for the melon plants was
very strong, I made it a practice, when the melon-beds were
wholly earthed up, to tread the surface all over, which makes
the earth retain its moisture longer than if it were left loose.”
Earth for melons, according to Nicol, “ may be thus composed :
one-half strong brown loam from a pasture, a quarter light
sandy earth, an eighth part vegetable mould of decayed tree
leaves, and an eighth part rotten stable-yard dung. The mould
for both cucumbers and melons should be well incorporated,
should be exposed to frost, and be frequently turned over to
ameliorate.” It appears from a passage in Morier’s second
journey into Persia, p. 147., that pigeons’ dung has from time im-
memorial been much sought after for manuring melons. Immense
pigeon-houses are built on purpose to collect it, and when there
is a dearth, as melons produce the earliest return of food, every
one is eager to cultivate them, and that kind of manure, being
then in great demand, sells very high. During the famine in
Samaria, mentioned in 2 Kings, ch. vi. it is said to have sold
for five pieces of silver the cub.
A correspondent in the gard. mag. 2. p. 404. on melon
compost, and on the influence of soil on Hydrangea hortensis,
has always used for his melons the compost to which the Dutch so
strongly adhere, viz. one-third strong hazel loam, one-third scour-
ing of ditches, and one-third rotten dung, exposing the mixture
two years to the influence of the summer and winter, to evaporate
what noxious qualities may lurk in the earths : for it is well known,
that in proportion to the degree of salt of iron, it will be propor-
tionably sterile. He had often observed the leaves of his melon
plants turn yellow, occasionally plants died, for which he could
not account ; he suspected iron, as it pervaded his district, to be
the cause ; but as a magnet would not take up any of the com-
post, his attention was diverted from that point. Similar results
in future seasons again called his attention to it, and he added
lime, to correct the sulphate of iron, if any ; but he lost his
whole crop, which he fancied by the application of the lime.
As during winter a red oxide filtered from the compost heap,
he again felt certain of the presence of iron. He submitted the
compost to the test of burning, and having by that means got
rid of the superabundant carbon, the magnet immediately de-
tected the iron. He changed his soil, and has never lost since
any melon plants. The experiment proves that the old test of
the loadstone may be defeated by the presence of other adherent
matter ; for though it was inactive over the cold soil, it acted
in full force upon the soil when, by roasting, it had discharged
its gas. While a profitable experiment resulted on the one hand,
a great amusement occurred on the other, with some greenhouse
plants. He mixed the compost fresh from the ditch with water,
and found a precipitation of iron. He used the soil and water
to Hydrangea hortensis, a cutting from the common pink variety,
and it so altered the pink colour of the flower to purple, as to
form a new plant. He applied the same to other plants, in
some of which it altered the colour of the flowers, but in others
it had no effect.
Estimate of sorts. — Examine the list. The cantaloups are in
the highest estimation for quality and neatness, although not
uniformly such great bearers as others in the list.
Time of beginning to force. — “ From the time of sowing,
ripe fruit may be cut in about fifteen weeks, as an average
period ; when many short and w inter days fall in the course, it
may last eighteen weeks; but when the forcing is not commenced
until the days are nearly twelve hours long, and continually
lengthening, ripe fruit is sometimes cut in ten weeks. The pe-
riod also depends upon the sort. Little time is gained by begin-
ning excessively early. The early and main crops are commonly
originated from the middle of January to the first week of Fe-
bruary, the latter or succession crops at the beginning of March ;
and late crops, intended to fruit at the end of summer, in the
middle of April. M'Phail and Nicol sow in January. “ The
latter says, “ I formerly cut melons for three years successively
on the 15th, 12th, and 10th of May, and never sowed before
the last week of January or 1st of February. In 1788, when
at Rainham Hall in Norfolk, I sowed melons on the 12th of
March, and cut ripe fruit on the 20th of May. The kind was
the Early golden cantaloup. This shows how little is to be
gained, or rather how much may be lost by early forcing.”
Forming the seed-bed. — The plants may be originated in a
cucumber-bed, and this is the general practice ; but Abercrom-
bie prefers a separate bed, built a slight degree higher than
for the cucumber at the same season, and adapted to a one or
two-light frame, according to the quantity to be raised.” Nicol
raises the melon almost exactly in the same manner as he does
the cucumber.
Choice of seed. — “ Seed under the age of two years is apt to
run too much to vine, and show more male than female
blossoms ; but new seed may be mellowed by being carried in
the pocket a fortnight or more, till the heat of the body has
dried and hardened it Seed 20 years old has been known
to grow and make fruitful plants, but seed that has been kept
3 or 4 years is quite old enough, and less likely to fail than
older.” M‘Phail says it is best not to sow melon seed till it be
2 or 3 years old. It cannot be too old if it be sound and
grow well. Nicol says, “ I have sown melon seeds 20 years
old, from which I have raised very healthy and fruitful plants.”
Kal. p. 396. Miller and Nicol say young melon seeds may be
worn in the pocket, near the body, for several months previous
to sowing, wdiich has the effect of fully maturing them. “ If
seeds of the last season,” Nicol observes, “ be sown without
taking this precaution, or something similar, the plants will not
be fruitful, but wdll run much to vine, and show chiefly male
blossoms.” — Kal. p. 396.
Sowing. — Abercrombie says, “ Having moulded the bed,
and proved the heat, sow in pans 3 inches or pots 4 inches deep,
rather than in the earth of the bed. Sow a second portion in
5 or 7 days, to provide against failure. Do not at once plunge
the pots to the rims.” — Pr. gard. p. 108.
Treatment till removed to the fruiting-pit. — “ As soon as the
plants appear, give air cautiously, guarding the aperture with
matting at night and on frosty or gloomy days. At favourable
opportunities wipe the condensed steam from the glasses. When
the seed-leaves are about half an inch broad, prick the plants
into small pots, 5 inches in diameter, 3 in each pot, giving a
little aired water just to their roots, then plunge the pots into
the earth of the hot-bed partially or to the rims, according to
the heat. Admit fresh air every day in moderate weather, at
the upper end of the lights, raised an inch or two, according to
the temperature of the external air, more freely when sunny than
cloudy, shutting closer or quite close as the afternoon advances
towards the evening, or sooner, if the weather changes cuttingly
cold, and cover the glasses every night with mats, and uncover
in the morning, as soon as the sun is high enough to reach the
CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis.
9
frames. Give occasionally a very light watering, when the
earth appears dry. As the plants advance into the first rough
leaves, the first runner-bud in the centre should be stopped,
by cutting or pinching the top off, close to the first or second
joint, an operation which strengthens the plants, and promotes
a lateral issue of fruitful runners. Be careful to support a
regular tenor of heat in the bed, by laying first an outward
casing of straw-litter round the sides, to defend it from the
weather ; afterwards, if the heat declines, remove the above
casing, and apply a moderate lining of hot dung to one or
more of the sides. In matting at night, be careful not to drive
the rank steam of the linings into the beds, by letting the ends
of the mats hang down.”
Fruiting-bed. — Form it as directed for the cucumber-bed, but
6 inches deeper. M'Phail says, “ 4 feet high, and after it has
stood about a week, tread it down, and make it level, and set
the frames upon it.”
Moulding the bed. — Abercrombie directs to “'mould it by
degrees to 8, 10, or 12 inches’ depth, first laying the compost
in little hills of that thickness, one under each light, with the
intervals earthed only 2 or 3 inches for the present, till the
general heat is moderated.” M'Phail lays in, under each light,
a small hill of earth about 1 foot high.
Planting. — When the earth of the hills is warmed by the heat
of the bed, and the plants have leaves 2 or 3 inches broad,
or have begun to push lateral runners, turn them out of the pots,
with the ball of earth entire ; set a ball containing one plant in
the middle of each hill, inserted clean over the ball ; or set at
most 2 plants under the centre of a large light. After planting,
give a gentle watering over the hills and round the roots,
avoiding to wet the shanks of the plants ; shut down the glasses
close, till the heat and steam arise, then give air moderately.
Extend a slight shade over the glasses in the middle part of
warm summer days, if the plants shrink or flag their leaves
before fulty rooted in the hills, which they will be in 2, 3, or 4
days after planting.”
Temperature. — “ The melon requires a minimum heat of about
65° from the time of germination till the fructification, and the
heat of about 75° to fruit in.” — Abercrombie. M'Phail, as
appears from the table in his “ Gardener’s Remembrancer,”
kept his melon and cucumber frames at the same temperature ;
stating, that if any person kept melon or cucumber plants in
the same degrees of heat, they will not fail of success. Nicol’s
medium heat for melons is 70°. The proper temperature must
be kept up by repeated linings, at least till the middle of July.
After that, sun-heat may suffice to ripen the crop. Till this
season the greatest care is necessary not to burn or overheat
the plants. M'Phail says, “ examine daily with your hand the
heat of the bed, pushing your fingers into the dung imme-
diately under the hills of earth in which the plants grow ; and if
you find the heat likely to be too powerful, pour cold water all
round the bottom of the hills of earth, to lower the heat of
the bed. Remember this must be daily attended to till the
heat of the bed be so declined in the middle, that the roots of
the plants be in no danger of being hurt by the heat of the
dung under them. In case this necessary precaution has been ne-
glected, till the heat immediately under the stems of the plants has
become too hot, pour plenty of water 80° warm round about the
sides of the hills in which the plants grow, and among the stems of
the plants, which will bring the earth and dung immediately under
the plants to the same degree of heat as the water which is
poured into it. When the heat in the middle of the bed be-
comes so cool that there is no fear of its being too great for
the roots of the plants, watering that part of the bed to keep
the burning heat down of course must cease, and as the roots
of the plants extend, earth may be added to the hills. As
vol. hi.
soon as the heat of the bed declines, linings must be applied
to it, which will set it into a fresh fermentation, and then the
surface upon the bed must be examined occasionally, by push-
ing the hand into it in different parts, and when a burning heat
is felt, pour in some water as before directed. In this way you
should persevere, still keeping a strong heat in the linings.
Remember that the surface of the bed all round about the hills
should be left uncovered wfith earth, and the dung should be
loosened occasionally, to let the heat rise freely to nourish the
plants.” In July, “ melons will do without heat in the linings,
but I found by experience that they do best by keeping a heat
in the linings all the summer. If a heat be kept on constantly
in the linings, and the plants watered sufficiently, they will
continue to produce fruit till the middle of October.”
Air. — As long as weak steam is perceived to rise from the
bed, leave an aperture, even at night, for it to escape ; guard-
ing against the influx of cold air by a curtain of matting.
Admit fresh air to the plants by tilting the glasses more or less
at the most favourable hours in a dry day. After the bed has
come to a sweet heat, shut down close at night. As the fruit
enlarges, it becomes more necessary to seize every proper
opportunity of admitting air ; raising the lights from 1 to 4
inches, according to the season, the heat of the bed, and tem-
perature of the external air, shutting close if that should turn
cold, and always timely towards evening. As confirmed summer
approaches, admit air still more freely. Nicol says, “ air should
be freely admitted, though not in such quantity as for the cu-
cumbers, which do not require so high a temperature as melons
do. In sunshine, however, the mercury in the thermometer
should be kept down, by the admission of air to about 80° or
7 5°.” M'Phail says, “ look into your melon-pits in the morn-
ing, and if there is a dew on them, standing like beads round
the edges of the young leaves, it is a good sign ; but if there is
no dew on them, in the form I have described, they are not
in a very prosperous condition. The air in the frames is not
sweet ; they either want water or sprinkling of water, or else
the heat of the air in the frames is too great in the night. In
hot weather melons are better to have air left at them all night,
and in very warm weather to take the glasses entirely off in the
evening, and put them on again in the morning : by this means
the plants will get refreshment from the dew in the night.”
Water. — After the plants are placed on the hills, give oppor-
tunely gentle waterings, increasing them as the season and the
growth of the plants advance. “ Water circumspectly and
scantily while the fruit is setting or young in growth, as
too much moisture would make it decay. ’Fake a warm morn-
ing for watering before the middle of May ; in summer the
afternoon or evening. Use soft water warmed to the air of the
frame, and let as little as possible fall on the setting or new set
young fruit ; nor much near the main head of the plants, for
fear of rotting that part. Shut down the lights after watering
for a short time ; and if in the morning part, and a strong sun,
spread a mat over, to prevent the sun from injuring the plants
by acting on the water lodged on the spray of the leaves. As a
strong steam will now arise, remove the mats in an hour or two,
and raise the glasses at the top, to give vent to the steam and
give air to the plants. As the fruit becomes nearly ripe, lessen
the quantity of water given, barely keeping the plant from
flagging, and withhold water when the fruit begins to turn
colour.” Nicol says, “ water once in 4 or 5 days in the after-
noon, watering over the foliage. Repeat the waterings oftener,
as the season and the growth of the plants and fruit advance, in
order to swell them out the better.” — Kalendar, p. 387. M'Phail
says, “ If the weather is warm and dry, the melons will pro-
bably sometimes require water twice a week ; if the weather
is wet and cloudy, they will not require it so often.” — Gard.
10
CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis.
Rem. p. 300. Knight, finding that the leaves of melons sus-
tained great injury from the weight of the water falling from
the watering-pot, pours the water on the tiles which cover the
surface of the bed. See Training.
Earthing. — Perform this operation as directed for the cu-
cumber, after the heat of the dung has become moderate, earth-
ing up by degrees the intervals between the hills, till the depth
of the earth becomes equal. Eight or ten inches’ depth of earth
M‘Phail states to be enough for the roots of the plants to run
in, provided the bed or fermenting mass beneath be made of
leaves of trees, or of dung well prepared ; for if the bed under
the earth be in a good state, the roots will grow into it,
and draw from thence considerable nourishment to the plants.
The roots of the melon do not naturally run deep, they extend
horizontally not far from the surface, especially in forcing frames,
where the moist warm air is more confined than in the open
atmosphere. — Gard. Rem. p. 63. In early forcing, leave un-
filled up with earth a space of about 7 or 8 inches wide, against
the inside of the frames, immediately adjoining the hot linings.
“ By this method the heat of the linings do more powerfully
warm the air in the frames, than if the earth was made level
home to the sides of the boards of the frames to which the
linings adjoin. But if melons be not planted earlier than the
month of May, this precaution need not be attended to, unless
the weather prove uncommonly cold, and but little sunshine.”
Training. — As the plants advance into the first runners, 3 or
four joints in length, if no fruit be shown, stop them at the
third joint, in order that they may produce fruitful laterals ;
and as the runners extend, train them over the surface of the
bed with neat pegs. Many of these runners, as the plant pro-
ceeds, will show embryo fruit at the joints ; but a great many
barren ones are occasionally produced, and hence it becomes
necessary to regulate them. Abercrombie says, “ cut out the
superabundant, unfruitful, or evidently useless shoots, especially
the very weak and most luxuriant, for the middle-sized are the
most fertile.” Nicol says, “ melons should be kept moderately
thin of vines, though not so thin as cucumbers (the foliage
being smaller), which should never be much lopped at one time,
as they are also apt to bleed. All bruised, damped, or decayed
leaves should be carefully picked off as they appear, and the
plants should be kept clear from wreeds, or any rubbish that
may be conveyed into the frames by wind or otherwise.
M‘Phail directs to “ cut out from the melon-frames all super-
fluous or decaying shoots. Stop shoots a joint or two before
the fruit, and also cut off the ends of the long running shoots
immediately before showing fruit, if there is a leading shoot
coming out by the side of it ; for you ought to remember always
in pruning melons, that a fruit will not swell well except there
be a growing shoot before it ; and this shoot, which is called a
leader, because it leads or draws the sap from the roots to and
past the fruit, should be stopped before a joint, that will, if
the plant is in good health, sprout out again. Do not let your
plants get too full of leaves, and cut off the oldest and worst
leaves first. This ought to be done at least once or twice a
week, by which method they will be nearly always in a medium
state of thinness, and the plants and fruit will derive advantages
which they would be deprived of were they suffered to become
over-crowded with leaves and shoots, and then a great many
cut out at one time. If melons are of a large kind, no more
than one or two should be left on a plant to swell off at one
time ; if smaller three or four fruit may be left.” — Gard. Rem.
p. 278. Knight, in an ingenious and philosophical paper on
the culture of the melon, states “ that his crops of melons
failed, because watering over the foliage, pruning, weeding, &c.
had removed the leaves, on the extended branches, from their
proper position, and these leaves, being heavy, broad, slender
and feeble, on long footstalks, were never able to regain it.
In consequence, a large portion of that foliage which pre-
ceded or was formed at the same period with the blossoms, and
which nature intended to generate sap to feed the fruit, became
diseased and sickly, and consequently out of office, before the
fruit acquired maturity.” To remedy this defect, the plants
were placed at greater distances from each other, viz. one plant
of the Salonica variety, to each light of 6 feet long by 4 feet
wide. The earth was covered with tiles, and the branches
trained in all directions, and hooked down over them with pegs.
They were thus secured from being disturbed from their first
position, the leaves were held erect, and at an equal distance
from the glass, and enabled, if slightly moved from their proper
position, to regain it. “ I, however, still found that the leaves
sustained great injury from the weight of the water falling from
the watering-pot ; and I therefore ordered the water to be
poured from a vessel of a proper construction, upon the brick
tiles, between the leaves without at all touching then), and thus
managed, I had the pleasure to see that the foliage remained
erect and healthy. The fruit also grew with very extraordinary
rapidity, ripened in an unusually short time, and acquired a
degree of perfection which I had never previously seen. As
soon as a sufficient quantity of fruit, betw'een 20 and 30 pounds
on each plant, is set, I would recommend the further produc-
tion of foliage to be prevented, by pinching off the lateral shoots
as soon as produced, wherever more foliage cannot be exposed
to the light. No part of the full growm leaves should ever be
destroyed ; however distant from the fruit and growing on a
distinct branch of the plant, they still contribute to its support ;
and hence it arises, that when a plant has as great a number of
growing fruit upon part of its branches, as it is capable of
feeding, the blossoms upon other branches, which extend in an
opposite direction, prove abortive.” — Loud, encycl. gard. p. 648.
Setting. — “ As the fruit bearers come into blossom, you may
assist the setting of the fruit, by impregnating some of the female
blossoms with the male flowers, as described for the cucumber.
The melon, however, will also set naturally, and produce fertile
seeds, if the time of fructification fall at a season when the
glasses can be left almost constantly open.” — Abercrombie.
Nicol says, “ he has proved experimentally, that melons not
impregnated will not swell off so fair and handsome as im-
pregnated ones, and, therefore, considers it more necessary to
attend to this operation in melons than in cucumbers. There-
fore let nature be assisted in this work, considering that she is
more under restraint here than if the plants grew in the open
air, where the wind, insects, and other casualties, might be
helped.” — Kalend. p. 384.
Care of fruit. — “ As the fruit increases to the size of a walnut,
place a flat tile or slate under each to protect it from the damp
of the earth ; the slab thus interposed will also assist the fruit
to ripen, by reflecting the rays of the sun.” — Abercrombie.
M'Phail says, “ The fruit should lie upon dry tiles. When
the fruit is young, it is better to have a gentle shade of leaves,
but when it is full swelled, it should be entirely exposed to the
sun.” Nicol advises placing the fruit on bits of slate or glass
some time before it begins to ripen, as the flavour might else
be tainted, but by no means slate or moss the whole surface of
the bed, lest you encourage the red spider. Think on the re-
flection of the sun upon the slates or tiles, in hot weather par-
ticularly, and of his additional force in shining through glass.
It is more consonant to the nature of the plants that they be
trained on the earth. By mossing the surface, the indolent may
find a pretext, as it no doubt, in some measure, lessens the
labour of watering. But it is wrong to do so, in so far as it har-
bours and encourages the breeding of various insects, and as the
fruit approaches to maturity, taints it with an unpleasant effluvia.”
CUCURBITACE^E. IV. Cucumis.
11
Time of maturation. — “ The interval between the setting of the
fruit and perfect maturity is generally from 30 to 40 days ; but
the plants in the same bed, and the vines on the same plant,
often show some difference in the time of reaching maturity.” —
Abercrombie.
Cutting the fruit. — “ Ripe melons are distinguished by their
full size ; sometimes by turning yellowish, more constantly by
imparting an agreeable odour, often by the base of the footstalk,
close to the fruit, cracking in a little circle. On these indica-
tions, the fruit should be cut before too mellow or dead ripe,
that it may eat with a lively sharp flavour. The morning is the
time for cutting.” Melons, Nicol observes, “ if allowed to
remain on the plant till they be of a deep yellow colour (which
many do) lose much of their flavour. They should, therefore,
be cut as soon as they begin to change to a greenish yellow, or
rather, as soon as they begin to smell ripe. They may lie in
the frame for a day or two, if not immediately wanted, where
they will acquire sufficient colour. But if they are let remain
many days in the frame, they will become as insipid as if they
had been left too long on the plant.”
Saving seed. — “ The ordinary mode is to request the seeds of
particularly fine fruits, of approved sorts, to be returned from
table. The best way, however, is to pick some of the best
ripe fruit, take out the seed, clean it from the pulp, and let it
be well dried and hardened, and then put it up in paper.” —
Abercrombie. Nicol says, “ wash it very clean, skimming off
the light seeds, as those only that sink in water will grow.” —
Kal. p. 396. Great care must be taken that the sorts, from
which seeds are saved, are genuine and distinct. When different
sorts are planted in the same frame, this cannot be the case.
Second crop from the same plants. — “ When the fruit of the
first crop is off, a second crop may be obtained from the stools,
which often proves more productive than the first. If the first
crop is taken before the middle of June, the second will come
in at a very good time. For this purpose, as soon as the fruit
is cut, prune the plant, shorten the vigorous healthy runners at
a promising joint. At the same time take off all decayed leaves,
stir the surface of the mould, and renew it partially by 3 inches’
depth of fresh compost. Water the plant copiously, shutting
down the glasses for the night. Shade in the middle of hot
days, and give but little air until the plants have made new
radicles and shoots. Afterwards repeat the course of culture
above described, from the stage when the first runners are sent
out till the fruit is cut.” Nicol says, “ When all the fruit of
the first crop are cut, suppose in 3 or 4 weeks, the plants may
be pruned for the production of a second crop, equal and
perhaps superior to the first. They should be cut pretty much
in, in order to cause them to push plenty of new vines, which
will be very fruitful, observing always to cut at a joint of some
promise, and to thin out all decayed or unhealthy vines, dead
leaves, &c. Observe also to cut an inch or two above the joint
you expect to push, and then to bruise the end of the stem so
lopped with the thumb and finger, which will, in a great mea-
sure, prevent it from bleeding. The plants should be shaded
from the mid-day sun for a week or ten days, exposing them
to his fidl rays by degrees. Now, also, let the mould in the
frame be well watered, in order to put the roots in a state of
active vegetation; point over the surface with a small stick,
or little wedge, and cover the whole with about 2 inches of
fresh mould. This will greatly encourage the plants, and cause
them to make new fibres near the surface. At this period air
need not be admitted very freely, especially while the glasses
are covered, but rather as it were endeavour to force the plants
into new life. After they begin to shoot, water, admit air,
prune, train, and otherwise manage the plants as before directed.
If the season be fine, they may yield you a third crop by a
repetition of the above rules, coming in in September, which
might be very gratifying. I once had 52 full-sized fruit pro-
duced in a 3-light frame, a second crop, and two dozen on a
third off the same plants, the early golden cantaloupe. Of the
first crop 26 fruit, two were cut the 10th of May. Thus, a
3-light box produced, in one season 102 full matured melons.”
M'Phail says “ if you intend to have melons as long as there
is a sufficiency of sun to ripen them tolerably well, you had best
put linings of warm dung to some of your beds. These, if
applied in time and kept on, will cast fresh heat into the beds,
and, with other necessary assistance, the plants will grow as
long as you want them.”
Plan of obtaining a second crop of melons. — “ When the first
crop of fruit is nearly gathered, cuttings are taken from the
extremities of the shoots which show the most fruit ; these are
cut off close under the second advanced joint, or about the fifth
leaf from the top ; the two largest leaves at the bottom of the
cutting are taken off, and thus prepared, are inserted in 24-
sized pots, two in each pot, in light rich soil, gently shaken down.
After being watered, the pots are placed in a 1 -light frame, on
a hot-bed previously prepared, and plunged in the moder-
ately dry soil, with which it is covered. The frame is kept
close and shaded for a few days, and in a week the cuttings
will have struck root. The old melon-plants, with the soil in
which they grew, are now all cleared out of the frames, fresh
soil to the depth of 1 2 inches put in, and the beds well lined
with fresh dung. In 10 days from the time of inserting the
cuttings they will be ready to plant out, which is done in the
usual way. When the plants have pushed about 14 inches,
the end of each shoot is pinched off, to cause them to produce
fresh runners, and the fruit which showed on the cuttings will
swell rapidly, and in 3 weeks after replanting the beds, abun-
dance of fine fruit may be expected. This way of getting a
second crop is far more certain than either pruning back the
old plants, or planting seedlings ; because cuttings grow less
luxuriantly, are less liable to casualties, and are much more
prolific.” — Harrison ex Loud. gard. mag. 2. p. 414.
Cultivation of the Persian varieties of the melon. — T. A.
Knight (Hort. reg. no. 6. p. 263.) erected a small forcing-
house for the exclusive culture of this fruit, and grew them by
means of fire heat. This house consists of a back wall, nearly
nine feet high, and a front wall nearly 6 feet, inclosing a hori-
zontal space 9 feet wide and 30 feet long. The fire-place is at
the east end and very near the front wall ; and the flue passes
to the other end of the house, within 4 inches of the front wall,
and returns back again, leaving a space of 8 inches only be-
tween the advancing and returning course of it, and the smoke
escapes at the north-east corner of the building. The front
flue is composed of bricks laid flat, in order to give a temperate
permanent heat, and the returning one with them standing on
their edges, the usual way. The space between the flues is
filled with fragments of burnt bricks, which absorb much water,
and generally give out moisture to the air of the house. Air
is admitted through apertures in the front wall, which are 4
inches wide and nearly 3 in height, and which are situated level
with the top of the flues, and are 18 inches distant from each
other. The air escapes through similar apertures near the top
of the back wall. These are left open, or partially or wdiolly
closed, as circumstances require. Thirty-two pots are placed
upon the flues, each being 16 inches wide and 14 inches deep ;
but they are raised by a piece of stone or brick to prevent their
coming in actual contact with the flues. In each of these pots
one melon-plant is put, and afterwards trained upon a trellis,
placed about 14 inches distant from the glass, and each plant
is permitted to bear but one melon only. The height from the
ground at which the trellis is placed, is such as can be con-
12
CUCURBITACEjE. IV. Cucumis.
veniently walked under, to discover the appearance of red
spiders or other noxious insects ; and by this method two, and
even three crops may be obtained in one season. Being so
liable to burst, Mr. Knight raised the points of the fruit higher
than the stems, and not one failed to ripen in a perfect state ;
they were found to ripen very well hanging perpendicularly, but
the Ispahan grew very deformed.
Late crop on old hot-beds. — To ripen melons, not earlier than
the month of August, M‘Phail “ generally made beds of dung
which had first been used for linings to the early cucumber and
melon-beds. For this purpose, this kind of dung is better than
new dung, because it does not heat violently, and for a consider-
able time keeps its heat. Leaves of trees make very good
melon-beds, but they do not produce heat enough alone for
linings ; but of whatever materials melon-beds be made, the
air in the frames among the plants should be kept sweet and
strong, otherwise the plants will not grow freely. It may be
known whether the air be sweet or whether it be not, by putting
the head in under the lights and smelling it. But it frequently
happens to be difficult to bring dung-beds into a requisite state
of kindliness for these delicate plants, for if the dung by any
means get and retain too much water, before its noxious
vapours pass off by evaporation, it will stagnate and become
sour, and until these pernicious qualities be removed, which
requires time and patience, the plants will not grow kindly ; and
besides this, although corrupted, stinking air hinders the growth
of plants of the melon kind, it greatly promotes the health and
forwards the breeding of different kinds of insects, which feed
upon and otherwise hurt fruits and plants, and esculent veget-
ables of various kinds.”
A method of growing the melon, adopted by Mr. Lovell, (Gard.
mag. 7. p. 461.) varies in one or two very essential points
from any that he has seen practised ; first in well bedding and
firmly rooting the plants to support a good crop of fruit ; second
in early setting and preserviug the first fruit, and forcing the
whole of the plants luxuriantly through the whole of the period
necessary for their maturity. To effect this he prepares his bed
with dung well watered and fermented, or tan, not wishing such
a strong heat as for cucumbers. He sows his seeds in pots,
in which the plants remain until they are turned into the hills,
leaving only 3 plants in each pot. These he places in the dung,
in order to start them as soon as the bed is made up, unless
there should be another bed in use at the same time. As soon
as the second rough leaf appears, he puts a hill of good melon
soil under each light, composed of good loam and turf, adding
a sixth part of good rotten dung, well mixed with the spade,
but not sifted. This he waters if dry, and treads in the
hills firmly, making a hole in the centre, and turning out a
pot of plants with the ball entire into each hole. Should the
weather be very warm, he waters them overhead abundantly,
and in the space of a fortnight they will have grown to four
or five joints each : he then stops them dow n to three joints.
By this time the heat of the bed will have become reduced to
such a temperature as to allow of moulding up the plants, well
heading in and watering as you proceed. As the plants will
at this time be strongly rooted, and in vigorous growth, in the
course of three days they will have pushed a strong shoot from
each of the three eyes in a horizontal direction, and they will
seldom fail of showing fruit at the first joint ; you may rely at
least on two out of three of these fruits setting. Before the
fruit comes to blossom, the bed must be covered 1|- inch thick
with dry sand, but mould will do, and do not water the bed
any more for at least 3 weeks. This prevents the newly
formed fruit from turning yellow and damping off. All shoots
that appear, except the three above mentioned, must be removed.
As these shoots will show fruit at the first or second joint, if
such fruit be set and taken care of, it will be three parts grown
before the vines will have reached the outside of the bed, arriv-
ing at perfection in nearly half the time it would have done if
the vines had been left in confusion. Particular care must be
taken in pruning, never to stop the three shoots that bear the
fruit, nor yet the lateral ones produced from the same joint as
the fruit. These lateral shoots will show fruit at the first joint,
which fruit must be preserved until the other is swelling, then
take off this lateral shoot, but do not stop the vine. But should
any accident happen to the other fruit, the shoot bearing it
must be taken off, and the lateral shoot treated as a main one,
when the fruit on it will swell accordingly ; and all the laterals
that spring from the main shoot must be stopped, leaving one
joint and leaf only.
On the cultivation of the melon. — J. Holland (Gard. mag. 7.
p. 575.) plants off his seedlings singly in 60-sized pots, and
when sufficiently advanced in growth they are stopped so near
the seed-leaf, as only to admit of them throwing out 2 lateral
shoots, and when these principal leaders extend to 2 or 3 joints,
they are finally planted out into frames or pits, having the bot-
tom heat arranged according to the advanced state of the spring
months. Five melons were produced by a plant set in the
centre of a two-light frame in the beginning of May, upon an
old bed that had been previously employed for raising radishes.
A dung lining was added to the back and one end of the frame,
which was all the artificial heat the plant received, one vine
was trained to the back and the other to the front of the frame.
His practice is never to stop the vines until they have extended
as far as their confinement will permit, and the laterals from the
two leading vines, as they advance in growth, are trained to the
right and left over the bed with neat pegs, and every fruit blos-
som, as it expands, is carefully impregnated and placed upon a
tile under the shade of a neighbouring leaf. In a day or two,
or as soon as he thinks the fruit will set, he stops the vine at
the first or second joint beyond it. In this way he proceeds,
in setting all the fruit he can, until the surface of the bed is
covered with foliage, which is never deranged more than can be
avoided. While the fruit is setting, he gives air very freely,
sometimes he draws the lights quite off for a few hours on sunny
days, and he also, by applying or withholding heat or water,
endeavours to keep them in a state betwixt luxuriance and de-
bility, for in either extreme they will not set well. Having
advanced thus far, he commences swelling them off. He begins
this with pinching off all the ends of the lateral shoots that
have not already been stopped to assist the young fruit. He
now gives no more air than will prevent the sun from scorching
their leaves. He looks over them every morning, and takes off
all the blossoms as they appear, and stops every young shoot
back to one joint above that of the vine which produces it. He
watches over them every afternoon in fine weather, and before
the sun has quite left the frame, he syringes or waters them all
over, leaves, fruit, and all, and shuts down the glasses for the
night. He always prefers performing this while the departing
rays of the sun have sufficient strength to raise a sweet vaporous
heat of about 90°, which serves them to feast upon long after
the sun has disappeared. A few days of such treatment will
determine which fruit will take the lead in swelling off, out of
which he selects 2 or 3 to each plant, according to the sort,
and all the rest he cuts away. As the fruit advances in growth,
it is necessary at intervals to turn them a little on the tiles, to
prevent them from growing flat, and discolouring on one side,
and also from rotting. When they have attained as large a size
as he thinks the sort will admit, he leaves off watering, and
again gives all the air he can, by taking the lights entirely off
when the weather is favorable ; and if the season is not too
far advanced, he leaves them to ripen without any other assist-
CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis.
13
ance. For an early crop of melons, he grows the small early
cantaloup , 1 plant in a light when the frame is narrow, and 2
if wide, with 2 or 3 fruit on each plant, which in general
weigh from 2 to 3 pounds each. He succeeds these with the
scarlet and green-flesh, planted and trained as above, the pro-
duce of which is from 2 to 6 pounds. His principal crop is,
however, from the black rock, which he has grown of all sizes
up to 13j lbs. weight; the plants are much more hardy than
many other sorts, it is a good bearer, the fruit handsome, and
the flavour excellent. The sort which he grew so large was
originally from France, and in its primeval state was a rock ;
but it has lately been strongly impregnated with the scarlet flesh,
which fruit it now resembles in all its characters, except in
growing much larger. The largest melon weighed 24^ lbs.
The above is Mr. Holland’s general practice of cultivating the
melon, which practice he says he will still continue to adhere to
unless fully convinced he can adopt a better.
Insects and diseases. — To prevent melon plants from being
infested with insects or injured by diseases of any kind, no bet-
ter method can be adopted than to keep the plants constantly in
a healthy, vigorous, growing state ; for this purpose, M’Phail
observes, “ they must be constantly attended to, giving them
plenty of heat and water. In warm weather in the spring and
the summer, they should be watered occasionally all over the
fruit and leaves, till the earth in which they grow be thoroughly
moistened, and a stronger heat than usual be kept in the frames
about the plants for a few hours ; also the lights should be shut
down every afternoon, with a good strong heat among the plants.
If there be sufficient moisture in the earth the greatest sun heat
in the afternoon will not hurt the plants, but it might scorch the
sides of the large fruit, exposed to the sun-beams operating
upon the glass, which should be guarded against. The frames
and lights should be kept clean and painted over once every
year. Melon plants are subject to be infested and hurt by the
mildew and by the canker. These diseases come upon them
because they are not in a good climate, they have not a suffi-
ciency of heat, or the dung and earth of the bed is in a stagnated
state. Melon plants are liable to be greatly injured by an insect
called the red spider, which increases surprisingly in hot dry
weather. As I said before, nothing will prevent plants from
the inroads of disease and insects but heat, sweet air, and a
sufficiency of water, which sweetens the atmosphere, and makes
it healthy for vegetables as well as for animals. And nothing
will eradicate disease and insects from melon plants but good
management, strong heat, and plenty of water given all over
them. Diseased plants, or plants much infested with insects,
cannot produce good healthy fruit. The mildew is a most
pernicious disease to all sorts of plants. On melons it gener-
ally makes its first appearance on the oldest leaves and on the
extremities of the young shoots. The cause of it, I apprehend,
is unhealthy nourishment comprehended in the elements, or their
not harmonising in the promotion of the growth of the plant ;
for by practitioners it may be observed, that when a dung hot-
bed gets into a stagnated sour state, the plants do not grow
kindly, the air in the frames is saturated with unhealthy parti-
cles, and so also must be the juices drawn into the plants by
their roots. These must breed diseases, if preventive means
be not applied. It cannot be reasonably supposed that plants
of a delicate nature will continue in a healthy state growing
upon aheap of stinking dung, and in confined air. When melon
plants have become diseased, or much infested with the red
spider, they should either be destroyed, or effectual means
used to cure them. To destroy the plants is easy ; to cure
them let the following methods be put in practice : get plenty of
horse-dung thrown up in a large heap, turn it over once or
twice, shaking and mixing it well, and let it lie till its rankness
be somewhat evaporated, and if there be linings at the beds,
take them entirely away, examine the dung of the beds, and if
it be wet and has a bad smell, take a sharp-pointed stake, and
make holes all round in the sides of the beds unto their centre,
in such a slanting way that the water may easily run out of
them ; then make a strong lining of the prepared dung all round
the beds, and by occasional augmentations, keep up the linings
nearly to a level with the surface of the earth in which the plants
grow. As soon as the linings have cast a strong heat into the
beds, scatter some flour of sulphur all over the plants, and keep
as strong a heat in the frames as the plants can bear ; a heat of
120° will not destroy them, if the steam of the linings be pre-
vented from getting in among the plants. Water the plants all
over their leaves about once a week, with clean water 100° warm,
and if the sun shine keep the lights close shut down all day,
and cover them up in the evenings, leaving a little air all night
at each light, to prevent a stagnation of air among the plants.
Continue this process till the mildew and the insects disappear,
and the plants appear to grow freely, and afterwards manage
them in the usual way, taking care to keep up a good strong
heat in the linings. This method sets the old stagnated bed in
a state of fermentation, which makes the moisture run out of
it, and dries it so, that water given to the plants has free liberty
to pass off. If the linings do not heat the air in the frames
sufficiently, let some of the earth in the inside all round the
sides of the boards be removed, to let the heat from the linings
rise freely in the frame.”
Culture of melons in a dung-pit. — “ A glazed pit to receive
either stable-dung, leaves, or tanners’ bark, is calculated to ripen
superior fine fruit. The well of the pit may be formed either
by a nine-inch wall, or by strong planking, a yard in depth,
from 6-8 feet wide, and in length from 10-20 feet or more as
required. A low glass-case is to be fitted to it, adapted to the
growth of the melon. Having raised the plants in a small seed-
bed, as for the frame crop, ridge them out into the pit in the
usual manner. Give the proper subsequent culture, and when
the strength of the fermenting mass begins to decline, add linings
outside the pit, if inclosed by boards, but if inclosed by a
nine-inch wall, cut away as much of the dung and earth within,
and throw it out, as will admit a lining of well-tempered dung.”
— Abercrombie.
Culture of melons in a flued pit. — One such as that proper
for the nursing pinery is here understood ; and the plants being
raised in the usual way, and the bed, whether filled with dung,
tan, or leaves, or a mixture of these, being moulded, plant about
the end of July. Nicol prefers for such late crops “ the early
golden cantaloup, the orange cantaloup, and the netted canta-
loup, planting a part of the pit with each.” A very mild bottom
heat is sufficient for the purpose here in view ; and if the pit
has been occupied in forcing asparagus, French-beans, or straw-
berries, on a bark, or a bark and dung, or on a bark and leaf
heat, it will require no other preparation than to be stirred up
and have a little fresh materials added, keeping the fresh bark,
dung, or leaves well down, and finishing the bed with some of the
smallest and best reduced. When it has settled a few days, let
it be moulded all over to the thickness of 12 or 15 inches ; pre-
viously laying on a little more of the above small materials, in
order to keep the plants well up to the glass, as the bed will
fall considerably in the settling. It should be formed, and the
mould should be laid on in a sloping manner from back to front,
so as in some measure to correspond with the glasses. All
being ready for the plants, they may either be planted in a row,
in the middle of the pit, at 2 feet apart, or may be planted in
4 rows at 4 feet apart ; or, if they have been planted in nursing,
3 in a pot ; plant in the centre of each light, as directed for
the common hot-bed, in March. Let them have a little water
14
CUCURBITACE.E. IV. Cucumis.
and be shaded from the sun for a few days, exposing them to
his rays by degrees. The future management of the plants dif-
fer in nothing from that of melons in a hot-bed till September,
when it will be proper to apply fire beat.” — “ About the begin-
ning of September it will be proper to apply fire heat, in order
to further the progress of late fruit, and to dry off damps. Let
the fires be made very moderate at first, however, and increase
their strength as the season becomes more cold and wet. Keep
the mercury up to 70° in tire night, and in the day by the addi-
tion of air keep it down to about 80° or 75°. Very little water-
will now suffice for the plants, as their roots will be fully esta-
blished, and be spread over the whole bed ; the heat of which
will also now have subsided. They should only, therefore, have
a little water once in 8 or 10 days, and as the fruit begin to
ripen off, entirely withhold it. Keep the plants moderately thin
of vines and foliage ; be careful to pick off all damped leaves
as they appear ; and fully expose the fruit to the sun as it
ripens, in the manner directed for melons in the hot-bed. In
this manner I have often had melons in October and November
fully swelled, and in good, but not of course in high perfection,
for want of sun to give them flavour. Any who have a pit of
this kind, however, for the forcing of early vegetables, straw-
berries, flowers, &c. cannot, perhaps, occupy it to a better pur-
pose in the latter part of the season, as the trouble is but little,
and the expence not worth mentioning.”
Culture of melons in M'Phail's pit. — The inventor of this
pit says, “ For the purpose of raising melons early, for many
years I cultivated them on a brick bed, on the same construc-
tion as that which I invented for rearing early cucumbers, ex-
cepting only that through the pit of each 3-light box I carried
no cross flues. When this bed was first set to work, I had the
pits filled level with the surface of the flues, with well fermented
dung or with the dung of old linings from the cucumber-bed.
In each 3-light division I made the pit about 3 feet 6 inches
wide and 10 feet long, and 3 feet deep below the surface of the
flues. On the surface of the dung in the pits, I had laid about
10 inches thick of good earth, in a ridge of about 20 inches
w-ide, from one end of the pit to the other. When this was
done, I made a lining round the bed, and as soon as the earth
became warm, I set the plants into the ridge of the earth, and
gave them a little water, and kept a strong heat in the frames,
and filled up the pit gradually as the roots and plants extended
themselves.” — “ The dung or leaves of trees in the pit require
not to be changed every year, neither need the earth for the
plants be removed entirely every season, for by experience I
found it to do very well by digging, and mixing with it some
fresh earth and manure in winter, and exposing it to the rains,
the frost, and the snow.” — “ In forcing melons early, the surface
of the cross flues, as well as the surrounding and outside ones,
should be kept bare of mould till the days of the spring get
long, which will let the heat of the linings arise freely through
the covers of the flues to warm the air among the plants. After
the cross flues are covered with earth, those which surround
each frame may be left uncovered till the month of May or
June.”. — Gard. rem. p. 64.
The culture in the brick bed is, in other respects, the same as
that already given for melons in frames, and cucumbers in brick
beds. See the monthly table of temperature under the cucumber.
Culture under hand-glasses. — “ A successive or late crop, to
fruit in August and September, may be raised on bot-bed ridges
under hand-glasses. Sow in a hot-bed from the middle of
March to the middle of April. When the plants have been up
a few days, while in the seed-leaves, prick some into small pots,
two plants in each ; water and plunge them into a hot-bed,
managing as directed for the young frame plants, till the rough
leaves are from 2-4 inches long, and the plants ready to shoot into
runners. From the middle of March to the third week of May,
when the plants are a month or five weeks old, they will be fit to
ridge out under hand-glasses. With well-prepared stable-dung,
or, with a mixture of fermented tree-leaves, build the hot-bed four
feet wide and 2| feet thick, the length according to the number
of glasses intended, allotting the space of 4 feet to each. In a
week or ten days, or when the dung and leaves are brought to a
sweet or well-tempered heat, mould the bed 10 or 12 inches thick,
then place the glasses along the middle, and keep them close
till the bed has warmed the earth. The same, or next day,
insert the plants ; turn them out from the pots with the ball of
earth entire, and allotting plants for each glass, insert the ball
into the earth, clean down over the top, closing the mould about
the stems. Give a little water and place the glasses over close.
From about nine in the morning till three in the afternoon, of
the first two or three days, shade the plants till they have taken
root, when admit the sun more freely, yet only by degrees from
day to day, till they can bear it fully without flagging much.
Give air daily, in temperate weather, by tilting the edge of the
glasses on the south side, an inch or two ; but in the present
stage of the plants shut close at night. Cover w'ith mats till
morning, constantly keeping the glasses over. Give occasional
moderate waterings with aired water. Cover in the day time
with mats in bad weather, or heavy or cold rains ; and continue
the night covering until confirmed summer in July. Meanwhile
attend to the heat of the bed ; if this be declined, so that the
minimum temperature be not 65° at night, with the aid of mat-
ting, line the sides with hot dung, covered with a layer of mould.
The revived heat from the linings will forward the plants in
fruiting, while the earth at top will enlarge the surface for the
runners, and the bed for the roots. When the runners have
extended considerably and filled the glasses, they must be trained
out. Accordingly, at the beginning of June, in favourable
settled warm weather, train out the runners, cutting away
dwindling and useless crow-ding shoots; then the glasses must
be raised all round, 2 or 3 inches, upon props to remain day
and night. Cover with mats in cold nights and bad weather,
but first arch the bed over with rods or hoop-bands to sup-
port the mats. Apply moderate waterings as necessary in the
morning or afternoon. Oiled paper frames, formed either arch-
wise, or with 2 sloping sides, about 2 feet or 2j feet high, and
of the width of the bed, are very serviceable in this stage.
Some persons use them from the first, under a deficiency of
hand-glasses. But the proper time for having recourse to them,
is when the plants have been forwarded in hand-glasses till the
runners require training out beyond the limits of the glasses,
some time in June ; then removing the glasses, substitute the
oiled frames, as these paper screens will entirely afford pro-
tection from heavy rains or tempests, as well as from nocturnal
cold, and also screen the plants from the excessive heat of the
sun, while, being pellucid, they admit its influence of light and
warmth effectually. Give proper admission of free air below,
and occasional watering. With respect, however, to the crop
for which no oiled paper frames have been provided, continue
the hand-glasses constantly on the bed, over the main head and
stem of the plants throughout the season, to defend those capital
parts from casual injuries by the weather. Throughout June,
and thence to the decline of summer, be careful, if much rain
or other unfavourable weather, or cold nights occur, to shelter
the beds occasionally, with an awning of mats or canvass, par-
ticularly when the plants are in blossom. Likewise turn in
some of the best full set exterior fruit under the glasses, or
some spare glasses might be put over the outside melons, to
forward them without check to maturity. Some will be ready
to cut in July, others in August, the more general time, and in
September ; they being generally, after setting, from 30-40 days
CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis.
15
in ripening. The crop coming in at the decline of summer
will not ripen well, unless guarded from cold at nights, and
assisted by linings. The fruit that do not ripen may be used
for mangoes.
“ Wide ridge, or the fruiting-bed, may be made 6, 7, or 8
feet wide, for the plants to have an ample surface for their ex-
tending runners, defended either with a regular frame, and glasses
of proportionate dimensions, or a case formed of an inch and a
half boarding, ranged connectedly along both sides of the bed,
without any external cross divisions, other than top cross bars,
to stay the sides and support the glasses.”
Method of growing crops of melons in the open borders. — The
mode of growing cucumbers on ridges of shallow beds of half-spent
dung in the open air, is well known to gardeners ; and in warm
situations melons may be grown in the same manner. The sorts
grown by Mr. Greenshields were the black rocks, green-fleshed,
netted, and early cantaloup. The seeds of the first crop were
sown about the middle of March, in pots in a cucumber-frame,
and the bed or ridge was prepared in the first or second week
in May, 4 feet wide, and 1 foot higher at the back or north
side than in front. Hand-glasses, with 2 or 3 plants in each,
are placed, 4 feet apart, along the centre of the bed. Very
little air is given till the plants have filled the glasses, but when
these appear to get crowded with vines, the glasses are raised
up, and the plants allowed to grow up in the manner of ridged
cucumbers. If the vines are very thick, a few of the weakest
may be pinched off, and the top of each leading shoot or vine
removed. No more pruning will be necessary for the season.
Setting the fruit at this season of the year is quite necessary.
To have handsome fruit, not more than one or two should be
left on the plant. They will begin to ripen about the first week
in August, and continue to be produced through that month and
part of September. To prolong the season, seeds may be sown
three weeks later, planted out like the first crop, and when there
is appearance of frosty nights, a cucumber-frame and sashes
may be placed over them. By this means tolerably good melons
may be had till the end of October. — Greenshields, ex Loud,
gard. mag. 3. p. 182.
There is another method of cultivating melons in the open
air ; that is, to raise a bed of old tan, and tramp it well and
firmly down, placing some stakes and boards behind to keep up
the tan, so that the bed may slope in front ; 6 inches of mould
should be placed on the tan, and the melon plants planted into
it. Grass or leaves may be placed at the back of the bed to
keep up the heat. The plants should be reared on a hot-bed.
Melon. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. tr.
2 C. deliciosus (Roth. cat. 3. p. 307.) angles of leaves blunt;
fruit roundish-ovate, pubescent, with white, very fragrant flesh,
and a thin rind. ©. F. Native of the East Indies, but now
cultivated in Spain. Perhaps only a variety of the common
melon.
Delicious Melon. FI. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl.tr.
3 C. sativus (Lin. spec. 1437.) stems rough, bearing ten-
drils ; leaves cordate, obscurely 5-lobed, petiolate, terminal lobe
the largest ; flowers on short peduncles, largish, usually by
threes ; male flowers having the tube of the calyx tubularly-
campanulate, and with a spreading deflexed limb ; fruit long,
somewhat triquetrous, smooth or prickly, and usually shining,
having the carpels distinctly separable in the inside. ©. F.
Native of Tartary and the East Indies. — Blackw. herb. t. 4. —
Lob. stirp. 363. f. 1. The cucumber is called Ketimou and
Timou by the Hindoos. Flowers yellow, as in the rest of the
species.
The cucumber is called concombre in French ; gurke in Ger-
man ; and Citriuolo in Italian ; it is a tender annual, a native of
the East Indies, and was introduced in 1573. It is a trailing
8
and climbing plant, with large, roundish, rough leaves, furnished
with tendrils, and if sown in the open air in May, produces
flowers from July to August. The cucumber is of nearly as
great antiquity as the vine, for Moses, the earliest Jewish author,
mentions it as abounding in Egypt when the children of Israel
were there, above 3000 years ago. (Numbers, chap, ii.) In
England it is cultivated generally and extensively in forcing
frames, and in the open air, and especially near large cities and
towns. “ Not only gentlemen,” as M‘Phail observes, “ but
almost every tradesman who has a garden and dung, have their
cucumber-frame.” In Hertfordshire, whole fields are annually
seen covered with cucumbers, without the aid of dung or glass,
and the produce of which is sent to the metropolis for pickling.
In march, cucumbers fetch in the London market a guinea a
dozen ; in August and September a penny a dozen. The village
of Sandy, in Bedfordshire, has been known to furnish 10,000
bushels of pickling cucumbers in one week.
Use. — The green fruit is used as salad ; it is also salted when
half grown ; and preserved in vinegar when young and small.
In Germany and Poland, barrels of half, and also full grown
cucumbers, are preserved from one year to another by immersion
in deep wells, where the uniform temperature and exclusion of
air seem to be the preserving agents.
Varieties. — The principal of these are as follow : —
List of cucumbers.
1 Early long prickly. — This fruit is from 5-7 inches long, of
a green colour, with few prickles. The plant is a good bearer,
and upon the whole this is the best cucumber for the general
summer crop, the flesh being very crisp and pleasant.
2 Largest green prickly. — From 7-10 inches long; it has a
dark green skin, closely set with small prickles. This is a hardy
sort, but does not come early.
3 Early short prickly. — Not more than 4 inches long; the
skin green and rather smooth, but with a few small black
prickles. This is one of the hardiest and earliest sorts, and is
often preferred for the first crop.
4 Dutch or white short prickly. — Though not much cultivated,
is recommended by some as preferable even to the early long
prickly; it has fewer seeds, is evidently different in taste from
most other cucumbers, but of agreeable flavour.
5 Cluster cucumber. — A very early sort ; the flowers appear
in clusters of 3 or 4 together; the fruit is seldom more than 5
inches long ; it is at first of a fine green colour, but becomes
yellowish as it ripens. The stems of this variety are much in-
clined to climb by means of their tendrils upon sticks ; the
leaves are small, and the plant altogether occupies but little room.
6 Smooth green Roman. — An early sort ; the fruit becomes
large and long, and is quite smooth ; the plants grow very strong,
and require a good deal of room.
7 White Turkey. — The stalks and leaves are larger than in the
other varieties ; the fruit also is very long, sometimes from 10-
15, or even 20 inches ; it is quite straight, and has a smooth
skin, destitute of prickles ; it is produced sparingly, and late in
the season.
8 Long green Turkey. — Sometimes sown for the late crop.
Late cucumbers, however, are much less cultivated than the
early varieties, most gardeners being of opinion, that those
kinds which are best for the early crop, are also best for the late.
9 Nipaul. — Fruit very large, usually weighs upwards of 12
lbs., measures in girth 24 inches, and in length 17 inches ; flavour
pleasant, and esteemed for standing. It is a native of Nipaul,
irom whence it was introduced to the botanical garden at Cal-
cutta ; but it is not likely that it ever will be much cultivated
in this country.
Culture. — The culture of the cucumber, as a table esculent,
16
CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis.
is chiefly carried on by artificial heat, and is therefore treated
of under that head. For pickling it is chiefly cultivated in the
open ground, by what is termed drilling. To have a crop in
the natural ground, the seed is sown in warm compartments of
rich earth, towards the end of May or beginning of June, when
the weather is settled, warm and dry. The plants should mostly
remain where sown, to produce late fruit towards the end of
July, or more generally in August and September; small for
pickling, and in larger growth for ordinary consumption. Sow
a portion in a warm border, and the main crop in an open com-
partment. Dig the ground neatly even. Trace lines with in-
tervals of 5 or 6 feet ; and in the lines mark stations 3 ^ feet
distant, then with a trowel at each of these spots, form shallow
circular saucer-form cavities in the surface, 10 or 12 inches
wide and about an inch deep in the middle. Sow in the middle
of each cavity 8 or 10 seeds, half an inch deep. When the
plants are come up, and begin to put forth the first leaves in
the centre, thin them to 3 or 4 of the strongest in each hole.
Earth these up a little between and close round the stems,
pressing them a little asunder, and give them some water to
settle the earth below and above. In their advancing growth
train out the leading runners, supplying them with requisite
waterings in dry weather 2 or 3 times a-week, and sometimes
every day in very dry hot weather, in July, August, or Septem-
ber. At this season water early in the morning and late in the
afternoon towards evening.”
Gathering. — “ The crop comes in sometimes towards the end
of July, but more generally not before August in full produc-
tion ; continuing till about the middle or end of September,
when the plants decline. Be careful to gather the fruit in a
fine state both for pickling and other purposes. They must
be quite young for pickling, not exceeding 2 or 3 inches in
length.” — Abercrombie.
Forcing cucumbers. — To produce cucumbers at an early
season, is an object of emulation with every gardener ; and
there is scarcely any person who has not a cucumber-bed in his
garden. We shall lay down a systematic view of the practices
of the most approved gardeners in the culture of this plant, as
has been our usual custom with other garden plants. Cucum-
bers are forced in hot-beds, pits, and hot-houses, and the heat
of fire, and warm water, and steam, and dung, have been applied
to their culture ; but dung, as the author last quoted observes,
is the only thing yet found out, by the heat of which the cu-
cumber may be advantageously cultivated.
Soil. — Cucumbers, like every other plant, will grow in any
soil, though not with the same degree of vigour, provided they
be supplied with a sufficiency of heat, light, water, and air.
For early forcing, Abercrombie recommends a mould or com-
post of the following materials : “ One third of rich top-spit
earth, from an upland pasture, one-third of vegetable mould,
and one-sixth of wrell decomposed horse-dung, with a small
quantity of sand.” M‘Phail used vegetable mould made from
a mixture (accidental) of the leaves of elm, lime, beech, syca-
more, horse and sweet chestnut, spruce, and Scotch fir, w’alnut,
laurel oak, evergreen oak, ash, &c. and among them withered
grass and weeds of various kinds. “ This vegetable mould,”
he says, “ without a mixture of any thing besides, is what I
used for growing cucumbers in, and by experience I found it
preferable to any other moulds, earths, or composts whatever,
either in my new method of a brick bed, or in the old method
of a bed made of horse-dung.” Nicolsays, “ soil thus composed
will produce cucumbers in great abundance : three-fourths light
rich black earth from a pasture, an eighth part vegetable mould
of decayed tree-leaves, and an eighth part rotten cow-dung.”
Kal. p. 393. W. T. Aiton gives the following as the compost
used in Kew Gardens : “ Of light loam a few months from the
common, one-third part, the best rotten dung one-third part,
leaf-mould and heath-earth of equal parts, making one-third
part. The whole well mixed for use.” G. Mills states that the
soil he uses “ is half-bog or black mould, got from a dry heathy
common, and half leaf-mould : after lying 12 months in a heap,
the compost is fit for use.”
Time of beginning to force. — Abercrombie says, “ Managers
who have to provide against demands for early cucumbers,
must raise the seedlings from 10-12 weeks before the fruit will
be required, according to the length of the days in the interval.
In proportion as the entire course embraces a greater part of
the mid-winter, the liability of failure from obstacles in the
weather will be greater. The last fortnight in January, or first
week in February, is a good time for beginning to force the most
early crop. In the subsequent months, both main and second-
ary crops may be started as required, and will come forward
more freely. To have a constant succession, seedlings should
be raised twice a month. As the course of forcing more coin-
cides with the natural growing season, the length cf it will be
reduced to 8, 7, or 6 weeks.” M‘Phail says, “ those who are
desirous of having cucumbers early, had best sow seeds about
the 20th of October ; they may be sown at any time of the
year, but the spring and autumn are the best seasons. Cucum-
ber plants may be made to bear fruit plentifully from about the
middle of March till the middle of September ; but from the
middle of September till the middle of March their produce
will be but scanty. Cucumber-plants, raised from seed in Oc-
tober, will begin to produce fruit in February or March, and
will continue to bear till the following month of October, pro-
vided they be kept in frames and get plenty of heat and wrater.”
Nicol recommends the middle of January. He says “ Some begin
sooner, but it is striving hard against the stream to little pur-
pose. If the dung be prepared and the bed be got ready, so as to
sow about the first of February, the success will often be greater
than by sowing a month earlier, the growth of the plants being
frequently checked by bad weather, and sometimes they are
entirely lost.” Aiton, in the paper above quoted, sowed on the
12th and 20th of August, with a view to cultivate in stoves, a
regular supply of this vegetable being annually required for
the royal tables. G. Mills sows on the first of October.
Sorts. — Abercrombie recommends the short prickly for very
early fruit, and the long prickly kinds for the chief early and
main summer crops. Nicol says every gardener has his favour-
ite sort of cucumber, and it is no easy matter to advise. He
names as early sorts generally known, the early short prickly as
the earliest ; the early smooth green, a long fruit, the long green
prickly, and the white prickly, a white fruit.
Choice of seed. — “ It is advisable,” Abercrombie observes,
“ to have that at least from 2-4 years old, in preference to newer
seed, which is more apt to run luxuriantly in vine, and the plants
from it do not show fruit so soon or so abundantly as those from
seed of greater age. But when seed has been kept more than
4 years, it is sometimes found to be too much weakened.”
Forming the seed-bed. — “ A one-light frame,” Abercrombie
says, “ will be large enough for ordinary purposes. Choose a dry
sheltered part of the melon-ground, and form a bed for a 1-
light frame. When high winds are suffered to blow against a
cucumber-bed, they have a very powerful effect on it, for in
that case the heat will not only be greatly abated, but also forced
and driven into the corners of the frames, and, consequently,
some parts thereof are rendered too cold, whilst other parts are
made too hot, and of course the plants are all equally endangered,
retarded in their growth, and perhaps some, if not all of them,
totally destroyed. Therefore, when a cucumber-bed is about
to be built, the first object of consideration should be, to
have it, as well as possible, sheltered from the high winds and
CUCURBIT ACEiE. IV. Cucumis.
17
boisterous, stormy weather.” Having put on the frame and
waited till the bed is fit for moulding, lay in five or six inches’
depth of the proper earth or compost. M'Phail “ makes up a
bed of good dung, four feet high, for a 1 -light box.” Nicol
“ builds a bed of dung, carefully fermented, to the height of
5 feet at back, and 4 at front, keeping it a foot larger all round
than a 1-light frame, or about five or six feet by three or three
and a half. He then covers with turf, and on that lays fine sand,
as free of earth as possible, to the depth of about 6 inches,
laying in a sloping manner, corresponding with the glass and
within 6 inches of it; over which lay an inch or two of dry
light earth.” Aiton and Mills also prepare a bed for a 1 -light
box ; the latter forms it on a stratum of wood 1 foot high for
drainage, and 8 inches higher in the middle than at the sides,
as the sides are liable, from the weight of the frame, to settle
faster than in the middle, which causes the piles of earth to
crack ; by which in fruiting-beds more especially the roots of .
the plants are greatly injured.
Sowing. — Abercrombie sows some seeds in the layer of the
earth, which he spreads over the bed, putting them in half an
inch deep. He also sows some seed in 2, 3, or more small
pots of the same kind of earth, which may be plunged a little
into that of the bed. M'Phail sows in a pot filled with rich
earth, covers about 2 inches thick, and sets the pots on the
surface of the naked dung on the bed. Nicol sows immediately
after the bed is made, without waiting till the heat arises, which
he says is losing time, and the opportunity of bringing on veget-
ation by degrees as the heat rises. He sows in a broad pan 4
inches deep, or in small pots 4 or 5 inches in diameter, and as
much in depth. These he fills with “ fine light earth” or veget-
able mould, and covers the seeds 2 inches. He plunges these
to the brim in the back part of the bed (which, it will be re-
collected contains a stratum of earth 6 inches thick, over one of
sand and another of turf), puts on the light, and lets the frame
be matted at night, in the ordinary way.
Raising plants from cuttings. — M'Phail says, “ Instead of
raising cucumber plants from seeds, they may be raised from
cuttings, and thus kept on from year to year, in the following
manner ; the method of sticking them in is this : take a shoot
which is just ready for stopping, cut it off just below the joint,
behind the joint before which the shoot should have been
stopped, then cut smooth the lower end of the shoot or cutting,
and stick it in fine leaf or other rich mould, about an inch deep,
and give it plenty of heat, and shade it from the rays of the
sun till it be fairly struck. By this method, as well as by that
of laying, cucumber plants may readily be propagated.” J.
Mearns, gardener at Shobden Court, near Leominster, propa-
gates his cucumber-plants for a winter crop in this way, and
“ finds that the plants raised from cuttings are less succulent,
and therefore do not so readily damp off, or suffer from the low
temperature, to which they are liable to be exposed in severe
weather ; that they come into bearing immediately as they have
formed roots of sufficient strength to support their fruit, and
do not run so much to barren vine as seedlings are apt to do.”
He takes the cuttings from the tops of the bearing shoots, and
plants them in pots 9 inches deep, half filled with mould. He
then waters them, covers the tops of the pots with flat pieces of
glass, and plunges them into a gentle bottom heat. “ The
sides of the pot act as a sufficient shade for the cuttings
during the time they are striking, and the flat glass, in this and
in similar operations, answers all the purposes of bell-glasses.
The cuttings form roots, and are ready to pot off in a fortnight.
Temperature of the seed-bed. — Abercrombie says, “ The mi-
nimum heat for the cucumber is 58° at the coldest time of night,
in the day-time 6.5° is sufficient for the maximum ; because air
admitted, when the sun has great influence, will do more good
VOL. III.
than a higher heat. M'Phail says, “ If it were possible to
keep the heat in the frames always to 80°, with the concurrence
of proper air and moisture, 1 am of opinion that that would be
a sufficient heat for the production of the cucumber.” Nicol
keeps the air in the bed to about 65° in the night, allowing a
few degrees of a rise in sunshine. Aiton rears and fruits his
plants in a stove. Miller says, “ The heat I wish to have in
the seed-frame is from 65° to 75°.”
Treatment of the plants until removed to the fruiting-bed. —
After sowing, Abercrombie “ continues the glasses on the frame,
giving occasional vent above for the steam to evaporate, that
the bed may keep a moderate heat, and not become too violent.
The plants will be up in a few days, when it will be proper to
admit air daily, but more guardedly, at the upper end of the
light, which may be raised from half an inch to an inch or two,
according to the temperature of the weather, that the plants
may not draw up weak, or be injured by the steam. In frosty
weather hang part of a mat over the aperture. When the plants
are a little advanced, with the seed-leaves about half an inch
broad, take them up, and prick some in small pots of light earth,
previously warmed by the bed. Put 3 plants in each pot, and
insert them a little slopingly, quite to the seed-leaves. Plunge
the pots into the earth, and you may prick some plants also into
the earth of the bed. Give a very little water just to the roots ;
the water should be previously warmed to the temperature of
the bed. Draw on the glasses; but admit air daily to promote
the growth of the plants, as well as to give vent to the steam
rising in the bed, by tilting the lights behind, from half an inch
to an inch or two high, in proportion to the heat of the bed and
temperature of the weather. Cover the glasses every night
with garden-mats, and remove them timely in the morning.
Give twice a-week, once in two days, or daily, according to the
season, a very light watering; keep up a moderate lively heat
in the bed by requisite linings of hot dung to the sides.”
M‘Phail, having sown, and placed the pots on the naked bed,
says, “ the plants will come up in a few days, and when they
have fully expanded their seed-leaves, transplant them into small
pots, 3 plants in each pot. Set them on the surface of the dung
in the bed, and let a little air be left at the light day and night,
to let the steam pass off freely.” — “ When the seedling plants
have one or two joints, stop them, after which they generally
put forth 2 shoots, each of which let run till they have made
1 or 2 clear joints, and then stop them, and afterwards continue
throughout the season to stop the plants at every joint.” Nicol
directs to guard the seed from mice, which generally swarm
about hot-beds, by laying a pane of glass over the pot or pan
till they come up ; and afterwards at night by covering with a
pot of equal size, till the seed-leaves have expanded and the
husks have dropped ; for until then the plants are liable to be
destroyed. The cover, however, should always be removed by sun-
rise, and be replaced in the evening. It is at night these vermin
generally commit their depredations. No air need be admitted
till the heat begins to rise, and steam begins to appear ; but after
that the lights should be tilted a little every day, in whatever state
the weather may be, until the plants break ground. Air must then
be admitted with more care, and if frosty or very chill, the end
of a mat should be hung over the opening, that the air may sift
through it, and not immediately strike the plants. A little aired
water may be given once a day, from the time the seeds begin
to chip ; and if a very strong heat rise, the pots should be
raised a little to prevent the roots from being injured. They
should be frequently examined on this account, and if the heat
be violent, should be set loosely on the sand, or be placed en-
tirely on the surface. The air of the bed should be kept to
about 65° in the night, allowing a few degrees of a rise in the
sunshine. If the weather be severe, the mats must be doubled
D
18
CUCURBITACEjE. IV. Cucumis.
or tripled, and if mild perhaps a single one will suffice. But
unless in very bad weather they should always be removed by
sunrise, in order to admit all the sun and light possible to the
plants, which are very essential to their welfare. When the plants
are about an inch and a half high, they are then fit to be pricked
out into nursing pots. These pots should be about ?>\ or 4
inches in diameter at top, and as much in depth. The mould
to be used should be the same as that in which the seeds are
sown, and should be laid in the frame a few hours previous to
potting, in order to bring it to a proper degree of warmth, that
the tender fibres be not chilled by it. Let the pots be filled
about one half with the earth, turn the plants carefully out of
the seed-pot ; place three in each, against the side of the pot,
and so as their leaves may be just above its margin ; then cover
the roots with the mould, rubbing it fine between the fingers,
and filling the pots nearly to the brim. Work over the sand in
the frame to its full depth, plunge the pots to within an inch of
their rims, and cover the whole surface with a little dry earth as
at first, making it level with the tops of the pots. Then give a little
aired water, in order to settle the earth to the roots of the plants.
The plants will now require due attention. Let air be admitted
to them as freely as the state of the weather will allow, and
supply them moderately with water once in 2 or 3 days. Exa-
mine the pots frequently, if the heat be violent, lest the roots
be scorched, setting them loosely or pulling them up in that
case, or if thought necessary, placing them entirely on the sur-
face. If much steam abound in the bed at this time, it may be
proper to leave the light tilted half an inch in the night, ob-
serving to hang the lap of a single mat 2 or 3 inches over the
tilt. But if the bed was carefully turfed over, as directed at
making up, this will seldom be necessary, never but in thick
hazy weather. Mat up carefully at night, but make a point to
admit all the sun and light possible to the plants ; therefore,
uncover always by sun-rise ; and frequently wash and wipe the
glasses clean, outside and inside, as they are often clogged by a
mixture of steam and dust. Also, occasionally stir the surface
of the sand or earth in the frame with the point of a stick, in
order to extirpate vapour, that hovers on the surface, and so
purify the internal air of the bed. If the heat begin to decrease,
and particularly if the weather be severe, it may be necessary
to line one or more sides of the bed, that the plants may receive
no check in their growth. If it be a 1 -light box, both back and
front may be lined at the same time, and, if necessary, in 10 or
12 days, the two sides; and if much steam arise from the
linings after they come into heat, be careful in matting at night,
to tuck up the edges of the mat, lest it be thrown into the bed.”
Mills, as soon as the seed-leaves of the plants are fully ex-
panded, transplants them singly into pots of 48th size, gives a
little water and air night and day. His temperature for seed-
lings, as already stated, is from G5° to 75°. With this heat and
water, as the earth in the pots becomes dry, and a little air night
and day, so as to keep the internal air in the frame sweet, and
fluctuating between the degrees of heat above mentioned, the
plants will be fit for finally transplanting out in a month, that is,
by the 14th of November, into the fruiting-frames.
Forming the fruiting bed. — Abercrombie directs, “ When the
plants are advanced in some tolerable stocky growth, that is,
when the first rough leaves are 2 or 3 inches broad, or when the
plants have been raised about five weeks, transplant them to the
larger hot-bed, with a 2-light or 3-light frame, sometimes
called the ridging-out-bed.” Form the bed on general prin-
ciples, of superficial extent, according to the frame it is to sup-
port, leaving from 4 to 6 inches all round, and fixing the height
according to the season. Thus in January, Abercrombie directs
“ the bed to be 3 feet 9 inches high in front, 4 feet 6 inches at the
back, and 6 inches larger than the frame all round. In February,
3 feet 3 inches high at the front, 4 feet at the back, and 4 inches
to spare round the frame. In March, 3 feet high in front, 3 feet
6 inches at back, and 4 inches beyond the frame every way.”
“ Put on the frame and glasses presently after the body of the
dung is built up, to defend it from the weather. At the same
time raise the glasses a little at the upper end, in order both
to draw up the heat sooner, and to give vent to the rising steam,
until the bed is reduced to a regular temperature. In connec-
tion with the thermometer, the cultivator may be assisted to form
a judgment of this by trying sticks, that is, 2 or more sharp-
pointed smooth sticks, thrust down in different parts of the bed,
which at intervals may be drawn up, and felt by a quick grasp
of the hand. The smell of the vapour is also a criterion ; it
should not be strong and fetid, but mild and sweet. While
taking care that the heat is not so intense as to burn the mould
when applied as below, let it not be suffered to evaporate un-
necessarily by delay. If the temperature appear to be not suffi-
ciently high, take oft' the frame, and add another course of dung.”
M'Phail, when he fruits the cucumber on dung beds, begins to
make preparation for the fruiting-bed, about 3 weeks before the
plants are ready to be planted for good. The dung collected,
after being well worked, is “ made up into a bed of about 4 or
5 feet high, and the frames and lights set upon it. It is after-
wards suffered to stand for a few days to settle, and until its
violent heat be somewhat abated ; and when it is thought to be
in a fit state for the plants to grow in, its surface is made level,
and a hill of mould laid in just under the middle of each light,
and when the mould gets warm the plants are ridged out in it.
After this, if the bed has become perfectly sweet, and there be
heat enough in it, and the weather prove fine, the plants will
grow freely.” Nicol builds his fruiting-bed about 4 feet high in
front, keeping it fully a foot broader than the frame all round.
He turfs it, and lays on sand as in forming the seed-bed, if the
dung has not been well fermented. “ But otherwise, placing a
thick round turf, a yard over, in the middle of each light, so as
that its centre may be exactly under the plants, will generally
be found sufficiently safe.” The frames are now put on, and
the beds matted up at night to make the heat rise the sooner.
Mills says, “ Well preparing the dung is of the greatest im-
portance in forcing the cucumber, and if not done before it is
made into a bed, it cannot be done after, as it requires turning
and watering to cause it to ferment freely and sweetly ; fresh
dung from the stable will require at least 6 weeks’ preparation
before it will be fit to receive the plants. A month before it is
made up into a bed, it should be laid up into a heap, turned three
times and well shaken to pieces with a tfork ; and the outsides
of the heap turned into the middle and the middle to the outsides,
that the whole may have a regular fermentation, and if any ap-
pear dry, it should be made wet, keeping always between the
two extremes of wet and dry. A dry spot of ground should be
chosen to prepare the dung on, that the water may drain away
from the bottom of the heap. The dung having been a month
in heap, I make the bed as follows : I form a stratum one foot
high of wood of any kind, but if larger the better (old roots of
trees or any other of little value will do). This is to drain the
water from the bottom of the bed, for after a month’s prepara-
tion, with every care, it will frequently heat itself dry, and re-
quire water in large quantities, which, if not allowed to pass off’
freely, will cause an unwholesome steam to rise, in which the
cucumber plant will not grow freely. On this bottom of wood,
1 make the bed 4 feet high with dung, gently beating it down
with a fork. This is done about the 1st of November, and by
the month of February the 4 feet of dung will not be more than
2 feet thick, which, with a foot of wood, at the bottom, will
make the bed 3 feet high. This I consider a good height;
for if lower, it cannot be so well heated by linings, which is the
CUCURBITACE^E. IV. Cucumis.
19
only method of warming it in the months of February and
March, as by that time the first heat of the bed will have quite
declined. Having made the bed, I put on the frames and lights,
which I shut close till the heat rises. I then give air night and
day, sufficient to allow the steam to pass off, and once in 2 days
I fork the surface over, about 9 inches deep, to sweeten it, and
if in the operation I find any part dry, I carefully wet it. The
bed being quite sweet, I prepare it for the mould, by making the
middle about 8 inches lower than the sides, as the sides are liable
from the weight of the frames to settle farther than the middle,
which often causes the hills of earth to crack, by which the roots
of the plants are greatly injured.” — Mills ex Loud, encycl. gard.
p. 632.
Moulding . — “ As soon,” Abercrombie observes, “ as you
deem the bed to have a lively, safe, well-tempered heat, which
may be in a week or 10 days after building, proceed to mould it.
Earth the middle of each light, laying the mould so as to form
a little hill from 6 to 10 inches in height, according as seed is to
be sown, or plants from the seed-bed inserted. Then earth over
the intervals between the hills, and the sides of the frame only,
from 2 to 4 inches, as a temporary measure, until the heat is
ascertained to be within safe limits. After the whole bed has
been for some time covered, examine the mould ; if no traces of
a burning effect appear discoverable by the mould turning of a
whitish colour, and caking, it will be fit to receive the plants.
But if the earth appears burnt, such part should be replaced by
fresh, and vacuities made to give vent to the steam, by drawing
every part of the hills from the centre. When the bed is in fit
order, level the mould to 6 inches deep to receive the seeds ; but
to receive plants in pots the hills of earth should be kept 10
inches deep or more. If there be any motive for haste, while
an excess of heat is to be suspected, the danger from burning
may be obviated by leaving vacancies in the top of the mould ;
by placing patches of fresh cow-dung or decayed bark to receive
the pots of seeds or plants ; and by boring holes in the bed with
a round pole, sharpened at the end, which holes should be filled
up with hay or dung when the heat is sufficiently reduced.
Some persons place a iayer of turf with the sward downwards be-
tween the dung and the mould ; but this, if ever expedient, is
only in late forcing ; for in winter the full effect of a sweet well-
tempered heat is wanted, much of which, by being confined at
the top, may be forced out at the sides.” M‘Phail, in moulding
common hot-beds, also raises hills in the centre of each light in
the usual way. Gard. rem. p. 51. Nicol gathers up from the
surface of the beds a sufficient quantity of earth to raise hills
whereon to plant ; one exactly in the middle of each light, about
a foot broad at top, and to within 6 inches of the glass. If the
frames be a proper depth, they should be 12 or 15 inches high
above the turf. Kal. p. 365. Mills puts under the centre of
each light one solid foot of earth, the top of which is hardly within
9 inches of the glass, and the top of the plants when planted in
it will be within 3 inches of the glass.
Planting out. — Abercrombie, when the temperature is ascer-
tained to be right, brings the plants in their pots ; turns over the
hills of mould, forming them again properly, and then proceeds
to planting. “ Turn those in pots clean out, one pot at a time,
with the ball of earth whole about the roots, and thus insert one
patch of three plants which have grown together, with the ball
of earth entire, into the middle of each hill, earthing them neatly
round the stems. Also any not in pots, having been pricked
into the earth of the bed if required for planting, may be taken
up with a small ball of earth, and planted similarly. With water
warmed to the air of the bed, give a very light watering about
the roots, and shut down the glasses for the present, or till next
morning. Shade the plants a little from the mid-day sun a few
days till they have taken root in the hills, and cover the glasses
every evening with large mats.” Nicol, before planting, if the
beds have settled anywise unequally, rectifies and sets level the
frames, by placing boards, slates, or bricks under the low cor-
ners, so as to make them correct. He then makes up the out-
sides of the bed with dung a few inches higher than the bottoms
of the frame, over which he lays some dry litter or fern fronds,
and planks at top to walk on. He then takes the pots of plants,
each of which are supposed to have got two or three rough
leaves, and making a hole in each hill, full large enough to re-
ceive the balls, turns them out of the pots as entire as possible,
placing them level with the surface of the hill, fitting the earth
round their sides, and settling all with a little water. In the case
of planting older plants than the above, at a farther advanced
period of the season, or such as have quite filled the pots with
their roots, the balls may be reduced a little, and the fibres
should be singled out, if anywise matted. But the above plants
are supposed to have barely filled the pots with roots, and then
the balls should be kept entire, that they may not receive a check
in transplanting.
Temperature for fruiting plants. — Abercrombie’s minimum is
55°, and maximum in the day time 65°, the same as for the seed-
bed. M'Phail says, “ It appears that during the winter and
spring months the medium heat of the air in the frames should
be 75°, and the maximum heat 80°. But when the sun shines
the heat of the air in the frames is increased to a much higher de-
gree ; so that reckoning this heat, the medium for that of the air
in the frames may be 80°. ” Gard. rememb. p. 59. Nicol’s
medium heat for cucumbers is 60° ; in sunshine he admits as
much air as will keep clown the thermometer to 65°. Kal. p. 366.
Mills, in the fruiting frames, wishes “ to have at all times from
70 to 80 degrees of heat, which I regularly keep up by applying
linings of hot dung, prepared one month previously, in the same
manner as that for the beds. For the first month I cover the
glass with a single mat only ; and as the nights become cold, I
increase the covering, using hay, which I put on the glass, and
cover that with a single mat. I regulate the heat at night by
the warmth of the glass under the hay, for when the glass is
warm, which should be in two hours after covering up, a little air
is required. When the glass and hay covering are warm, which
is easily known by putting the hand under the hay on the glass
light, the internal heat of the bed will be about 78 degrees, in
which degree of heat the cucumbers have grown in length in 1 6
hours one inch and a quarter. I give a little water round the
insides of the frames, as often as I find them dry, which causes
a fine steam to rise, and I think it better than watering the
mould, for if this latter practice is often repeated in winter,
when the sun’s power is insufficient to absorb the moisture, and
the glasses can be but little open to allow the damp to pass off,
the earth in a few weeks will lose its vigour, and the roots of
the plants will perish. Great care should also be taken, at this
season, not to injure the roots by too much heat, which is not
less detrimental than too much moisture : they can only be
secured by keeping up a regular warmth, just sufficient to expel
the damp, which arises in the night from the fermenting dung.”
Linings. — The requisite degree of heat, Abercrombie is care-
ful to support in the bed when declining, “ by timely linings of
hot fresh dung, which may be applied to the sides 15 or 18
inches in width, and as high as the dung of the bed. Generally
line the back part first, and the other in a week, or from 10 days
to a fortnight after, as may seem necessary by the degree of
heat in the bed. Sometimes if the heat has fallen abruptly
below the minimum degree, it may be proper to line both sides
moderately, at once to recover the temperature sooner, and with
better effect ; but be particularly careful never to over line,
which would cause a too violently renewed heat, and steam in
the bed. The dung for linings must be fermented, as in first
d 2
20
C UCURBIT ACEiE. IV. Cucumis.
building a bed.” When the heat decreases, Nicol cuts away the
old dung perpendicularly by the frame, and adds new linings,
(generally beginning with the back first,) 2 feet broad to the
height of G inches about the bottom of the bed frame. As it
will sink considerably in heating, he adds to it in a few days.
Mills applies linings of hot dung prepared a month previously.
Covering. — This must be nightly performed till June, pro-
portioning the warmth of the cover to the heat of the air in the
bed, and that of the external air. Mats are laid next the glass;
on these a layer of hay, and over these mats, made fast by boards,
but not hanging over the linings, is the usual mode, early in
the season. M'Phail says, “ My method of covering up was
as follows : in the first place I laid clean single mats on the light
in length and breadth, just or nearly to cover the sashes, taking
care not to suffer any part of the mats to hang over the sashes,
on or above the linings, for that would be the means of draw-
ing the steam into the frames in the night time. On these mats
was spread equally a covering of soft hay, and on the hay was
laid another covering of single mats, upon which were laid two, or
sometimes three or four rows of boards, to prevent the covering
from being blown off by the wind. The mats laid on next to
the glass are merely to keep the seeds and dust, which may hap-
pen to be in the hay, from getting into the frames among the
plants. If the bed be high, in covering up steps or short lad-
ders must be used by those whose office it is to cover and un-
cover; and great care must be taken not to break or injure the
glass.”
Air. — Abercrombie directs to “admit air every day when
the weather is moderate, without much wind ; and always more
freely on sunny days, than when cloudy or cold and frosty.
Open the lights behind, only a little at first, sooner or later in
the day, according to the temperature of the season ; increasing
the opening from about half an inch to 1, 2, or 3 inches, or very
little more (decrease the opening occasionally, if the weather in
the early part of the season changes very cold) ; and shut close
in the same gradual order towards afternoon, generally shutting
close in the evening, unless in the early state of the bed, a
considerable heat and steam continues. In this case you may
occasionally leave open about half an inch, hanging the end of
the mat before each opening.” M'Phail says, “ A cucumber
plant delights in a strong heat, and in sweet wholesome air ; but
if the air in which it grows be contaminated, unhealthy, or im-
pure, the plant will not continue long in a healthy flourishing
condition. Whatever is disagreeable to the smell becomes in
time hurtful to the cucumber plant ; therefore whoever would
wish to know if the air in a cucumber frame be in a healthy
nature for the plants, should smell to it.” He adds, in giving
and taking away the air, do it gradually, that is, by little and
little at a time, which without doubt is the best way : for sudden
changes are always attended with unpleasant consequences. A
due proportion and continual supply of fresh air is at all times
necessary, and more or less is required according to the heat of
the linings, the temperature of the weather, and the thickness of
the coverings put on at nights. Gard. rememb. p. 42. Nicol
admits air regularly in as large portions as the state of the
weather will allow, being careful to let off rank steam, if it
abound, by leaving a tilt, even in the night. Mills says, “ My
usual time of giving fresh air to the frames, and permitting the
foul to escape, in the winter months, (that is, from the middle of
November to the middle of February,) is as follows : between 8
and 9 in the morning I raise the lights, and let the confined air
pass off, shutting them again ; about 10 I give a little air ; at 11
more ; at one I lower the lights a little, and between 3 and 4 I
close them entirely. About two hours after the covering of
hay has been put on, I give a little air for the night. Should the
weather be changeable, the lights must be raised or lowered
more or less, as circumstances may require ; but some air about
the times of the day above mentioned is absolutely necessary to
keep the plants in a free growing state.”
ft ater. — “ Give necessary waterings with water warmed to the
air of the bed, mostly in the forenoon of a mild day, in early
forcing ; and in the morning or afternoon in the advanced season
of hot sunny weather.” — Abercrombie. M‘Phail says, “ The
quantity of water requisite to be given to the plants depends
upon the heat of the bed, the strength and age of the plants, and
also on the temperature of the weather. When the weather is
cold, wet, and gloomy, and the air moist, they require less water
than when the weather is clear, and the air more dry. If too
much water be given, or if water be given too often, it will hin-
der the fruit from setting and swelling kindly ; and if too little
water be given, the plants will grow weak, and the fruit hollow.
I seldom watered the plants with water warmer than 85°, nor
colder than 65° ; although in general I tried by the thermometer
the w'armth of the water I used, yet it is not necessary so to do.
A good way to know if the water be of a proper temperature is
to take a mouthful of it, and when it feels neither hot nor cold,
then it is in a fit state for accelerating the growth of the plants,
or for making them grow fast. I made a constant rule never to
water the plants but with clean sweet water ; and if the water be
clean and sweet, I am of opinion it makes little or no difference
whether it be pump water, spring water, rain water, or river
water. However, it is a good quality in water to bear soap, and
make a lather therewith, which rain and river water readily do;
but the pump and spring waters are found too hard to do it, yet
this may easily be remedied in them, by letting them stand a
few days in the open air, and sun’s rays. With regard to the
time of the day in which the watering ought to be performed, I
think it is not material, nor did I ever make any rule with re-
spect to the time, but gave them water at any hour of the day,
when I saw they stood in need of it, and when it best suited my
conveniency. Those who have hot-houses may get their water
warmed there, and those who have no hot-houses may get some
from the house, or from some other place where water is fre-
quently heated. One gallon of hot water will properly water
several gallons of cold water.” Tate says “ in spring and in the
summer months the water may be warmed by exposure to the rays
of the sun.” Nicol airs his water “ by some means or other ;”
waters once in two or three days after planting, and liberally from
the rose of the watering pot as the plants advance. The time
chosen is the afternoon about 4 or 5 o’clock, in order not to
scorch the plants, which, he says, often happens, when, after
morning waterings, the sun’s rays suddenly dart on the plants.
Kal. p. 36 6 — 385. J. Mearns, already mentioned, uses water
impregnated with sheep’s dung, as does Mr. Knight. Mearns
tried this water first “ on some cucumber plants in the pine
stove, which had been planted in January, but which in conse-
quence of dull weather had become weak, and of a pale green
colour ; he applied the liquor to the roots, and in a few days a
great change in the appearance of the plants was produced ; the
foliage assumed a hardy green, the shoots acquired an unusual
degree of strength, with short joints, and although the stove had
scarcely any air given to it, yet the fruit swelled rapidly, and
attained a large size.” These plants continued in bearing till
May, and were then cut back to within 6 inches of the root,
when they started again with vigour. “ No water was ever
given over the leaves, but a continued supply of the liquid
pigeon-dung manure to the roots.” Mearn. ex Loud. ency.
Gard. p. 635. For Mills’s practice as to watering see his pro-
cess under temperature.
Earthing. — “ Observe,” says Abercrombie, “ in proper time
when the first heat of the bed is moderate, to begin adding more
earth between the hills, as the extending roots require to be
CUCURBIT ACEyE.
IV. Cucumis.
21
covered, or the runners to be supported with mould; raising it
by degrees equal with the tops of the hills, all in level order
from 8 to 10 inches thick.” Pract. Gard. p. 72. Nicol, “ by the
time the plants have sent out runners, and the roots spread
quite over the hills, enlarges them ; beginning by stirring up the
earth in the other parts of the frame to its full depth with a
hand-fork or weeding-iron, breaking it fine if anywise caked by
the heat. To this add fresh mould, sifted or finely broken, and
in a dry state, so as to raise the surface nearly to the level of
the hills ; laying it in a sloping manner from back to front.
Previously he rectifies the position and level of the frames, and
raises them so that the glass may be eight or nine inches above
the mould in the centre.” Kal. p. 367.
Training. — To force the cucumber into early fruit, Aber-
crombie directs to “ stop the runners as soon as the plants have
made two rough leaves ; as the bud that produces the runner is
disclosed at the base of the second rough leaf, it may be cut off
or picked out, or if the runner has already started it may be
pinched off close. This is called stopping at the first joint, and
is necessary for a stronger stocky growth, and an emission of
fruitful laterals ; and from these other prolific runners will be
successively produced. The vines, without the process of stop-
ping, would generally be both weaker, and so deficient of fertile
runners, that they would sometimes extend 2 or 3 feet without
showing fruit. When plants which have been once stopped
have extended the first runners to three joints without showing
fruit, they are to be again stopped for the purpose of strengthen-
ing the plant, and disposing it for bearing. As fertile runners
extend, train them out regularly along the surface, fastening
them down neatly with pegs.” M'Phail stops his plants when
they have two joints ; and “ when the plants shoot forth again
after the second stopping, they seldom miss to show fruit at
every joint, and also a tendril ; and between the tendril and the
showing fruit, may clearly be seen the rudiment of another shoot,
and when the leading shoot has extended itself fairly past the
showing fruit ; so that in pinching off the tendril and the shoot,
the showing fruit is not injured. This stopping the leading
shoot stops the juices of the plant, and is the means of enabling
the next shoot (the rudiment of which. was apparent when the
leading shoot was stopped,) to push vigorously, and the fi uit
thereby also receives benefit. When the plants are come into
bearing, if the vines are suffered to make two joints before they
are stopped, at the first of these joints, as I before said, will be
seen showing fruit, a tendril, and the rudiment of a shoot ; but
at the second joint there is seldom to be seen either showing
fruit or the rudiment of a shoot ; but only a tendril, and the
rudiments of male blossoms. It is therefore evident, and but
reasonable, that the shoot should be stopped at the first of these
joints ; for were the shoot to be let run past the first joint, and
stopped before the second, perhaps no shoot would ever spring
forth at the said second joint, but only a cluster of male blos-
soms or leaves, which would serve for no good purpose, but
would rather exhaust the juices of the plant, which ought to be
thrown into the productive parts of it. If the plants are suf-
fered to bear too many fruit, that will weaken them, and in such
case some of the shoots will lose their leaders, that is, the rudi-
ments of some of the shoots will not break forth, the numbers of
fruit having deprived them of their proper share of the vegeta-
tive juices. The rudiments of some of the shoots may also be
injured by accident, which sometimes prevents their pushing ;
but from whatever cause this happens it matters not, for by the
losing of its leader the shoot is rendered unfruitful, and therefore
should be cut entirely off. In the course of the spring and
summer months, several shoots break forth here and there from
the old ones. When too many break out, cut off the weakest of
them close to the old shoots, dnd those which remain, with re-
gard to stopping, serve nearly in the same manner as young
plants. If the old shoot from which the new one bursts forth
lie close to the moulds, it sometimes sends forth roots from the
same joint from which the young shoot proceeded, by which the
young shoot is much invigorated, and the old plant in some
measure renovated. When this young plant is fairly formed on
the old shoot, it somewhat resembles a young plant formed and
struck root on a strawberry runner ; and if the shoot were to be
cut off on each side of the newly formed plant, and no part of the
plant left in the frame but itself, by proper treatment it would
soon extend -itself all over the frame. In winter, when the
plants are young, and before they come into bearing, it some-
times happens that they send forth too many shoots ; in that
case, cut the weakest of them off, not suffering them to become
crowded and thick of vines, for that would weaken, and prevent
the plants from bearing so early as they ought to do. Keep the
leaves of the plants always regularly thin. The oldest and
worst of them cut off first, and cut off close to the shoot on
which they grow. This is necessary and right, for if any part of
the stalk of the leaf were to be left, it would soon putrify and
rot, and perhaps destroy by damp the main branch from which
it proceeded.” Nicol. “ Cucumber plants will put out runners
or vines, whether the heart-buds be picked out or not, which is
a matter of trivial concern, although much insisted on by some,
as being necessary to their doing so at all. For my own part I
never could discover any difference, and I have repeatedly made
the comparison in the same bed, which otherwise of course could
not be fair. When the vines have grown to the length of 4 or
5 joints, and if fruit appear on them, they may be stopped at
one joint above the fruit ; but otherwise, they may be allowed to
run the length of 7 or 8 joints, and may then be stopped, which
will generally cause them to push fertile shoots. These should
be regularly spread out, and be trained at the distance of 8 or 10
inches apart.”
Pruning and training cucumber plants. — W. P. Vaughan,
(Gard. mag. 7. p. 462.) considers the productiveness of cucum-
ber plants as depending principally on pruning, and the age of
the seed ; his system of management is therefore as follows.
As he saves a few seeds annually he has always some three years
old ; these he sows in shallow pans in a dung heat not under 70°,
and by the time the plants have spread their seminal leaves, he
has soil and 32-sized pots ready dried in the frames, and plants
them so as they will just reach over the rim of the pot when
planted 3 or 4 in each pot, making them form a triangle or
square ; he then fills the pots to within half an inch of the top,
waters them, and keeps them in a brisk heat of from 65° to 75°.
And as soon as they have spread their first rough leaves, he
picks out the leading bud from each plant close to the second
leaf, and in a few days afterwards each plant will put forth two
shoots, and they are ready for plunging in the hills without
breaking the balls of earth, that is, one potful in each hill.
When the lateral shoots have made two joints, they must be
stopped at the second as before, and pegged down with a piece
of straight stick, 6 inches long, broken half through in two
places, so as to form a square. Each shoot will now produce
two more, which never fail to show fruit at the first joint, and
must be stopped at the second, which operation must be done to
all as they make two joints. Picking off the male blossoms and
setting the fruit, as they open, should be done in the morning
just before the sun comes strong on the frames, until the weather
will admit of the lights being open a great part of the day ;
watering should also be performed at the same time, shutting the
frame close for a few minutes after. Cuttings taken from the
tops of the shoots about 4 inches long, and planted in a pot
deep enough to admit a flat pane of glass on the top, will strike
freely, and these plants so produced will come into bearing
CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cdcumis.
22
sooner than those raised from seeds, but they are not of so long
duration.
Upright training. — “ Cucumber plants being climbers by
means of their tendrils, some branchy sticks being placed to any
advancing runners, they will ascend and produce fruit at a dis-
tance from the ground, in a clean growth, free from spots, and
well flavoured.”
Setting the fruit. — “ The cucumber,” Abercrombie observes,
“ bears male and female blossoms distinctly on the same plant.
The latter only produce the fruit, which appears first in minia-
ture, close under the base, even before the flower expands.
There is never any in the males ; but these are placed in the
vicinity of the female blossoms : the fruit of which will not
otherwise swell to its full size, and the seeds will be abortive.
The early plants under glass, not having the full current of the
natural air, nor the assistance of bees and other winged insects,
to convey the farina, the artificial aid of the cultivator is neces-
sary to effect the impregnation. At the time of fructification
watcli the plants daily ; and as soon as a female flower, and some
male blossoms are sufficiently expanded, proceed to set the fruit
the same day, or next morning at farthest. Take off the male
blossom, detaching it with part of the foot-stalk. Hold this
between the finger and the thumb ; pull away the flower leaf
close to the stamens and anthers, which apply close to the stigma
of the female flower, twisting it a little about, to discharge
thereon some particles of pollen or fertilizing powder. Proceed
thus to set every fruit, as the flowers of both sexes open, while
of a lively full expansion, and generally perform it in the early
part of the day, using a fresh male if possible for each impreg-
nation, as the males are usually more abundant than the female
blossoms. In consequence the young fruit will soon be ob-
served to swell freely. Cucumbers attain the proper size for
gathering in about 15, 18, or 20 days from the time of setting,
and often in succession for 2 or 3 months or more in the same
bed by good culture. The above artificial operation will be
found both necessary and effectual in forcing the cucumber,
between the decline of autumn and May, while the plants are
mostly shut under glass. In plants more fully exposed to the
free air, in the increasing warmth of spring, and in having the
full open air in summer, from June and July till September, the
impregnation is effected mostly or wholly by nature. The male
flowers being by some ignorantly denominated false blossoms,
are often plucked entirely off as useless, under the notion of
strengthening the plant ; but this should not be generally done.
Where crowded too thick in clusters, some may be thinned out
moderately; but their agency being absolutely necessary in fer-
tilizing the females, they should only be displaced as they begin
to decay, except where they are superabundant.” — “ It is the
female blossoms of flowers,” M'Phail observes, “ that bear the
fruit ; but if they were not to be impregnated by the male
flowers they would prove barren and unfruitful. The female
blossoms are easily to be distinguished from the male ones, for
the rudiment of the fruit is apparent at the bottom of the female
flower, and the flowers have no stamina, but have three small
pointed filaments, without summits ; whereas the male blossoms
have not any rudiment of fruit about them, but in the centre of
the flower are three short stamina, which are inserted in the
corolla. When the female or fruit blossoms are in full blow,
take the male blossom which is in full blow, and holding it in
one hand, with the other split and tear off the corolla, taking
care not to part the stamina or male parts. Then hold the male
blossom thus prepared between the finger and thumb of the
right hand, and with the left hand gently lay hold of the female
blossom, and holding it between the two fingers, put the pre-
pared male blossom into the centre of the female blossom, and
there the farina or pollen of the anthers clings or sticks to the
8
stigmas, and thus the impregnation of the fruit is effectuated, and
the plants are thereby rendered fruitful, which, being in frames
in a climate by art made for them, would otherwise in a great
degree be rendered barren and unproductive ; and which I have
frequently known to have been the case, even when at the same
time the plants were in a vigorous flourishing state. Generally
leave the prepared part of the male blossom sticking in the
centre of the female one, and take a fresh male blosscm to every
female blossom. But if the male blossoms run scarce, which
seldom or never happens, make one male blossom do for two or
three females.” Nicol states, that cucumbers will grow and
will arrive at full size without the female flowers being impreg-
nated : the seeds, however, will prove abortive. The directions
he gives for impregnating are in substance the same as those of
M'Phail. The fruit being set and swelling, some lay fragments
of glass or slate beneath it in order to keep it clean, and to ad-
mit as much air and light as possible to the under side, so as to
cause its approach in greenness to the upper.
On keeping a fine bloom on cucumbers. — The art of producing
and keeping a fine natural bloom on cucumbers, either for a
gentleman’s table for show, or for the market, merits great at-
tention, both as to the perfect appearance of the fruit, and also to
the general culture of the plant, after the fruit is set. From
that time a strong bottom heat should be given with dung linings ;
or, if late in the spring, short grass laid round the frame on
the dung, will cause a very strong heat. Water ought then to
be given plentifully, always at the back part of the frame ; and
at no time should the plants be watered over their leaves, when
the fruit is wanted for its fine delicate bloom and long regular
shape. A fine foliage over all the bed is likewise a very essen-
tial point ; and leaves should never be picked off near the fruit,
as it thereby deranges the juices of the plant, and consequently
the fruit does not swell off finely. Air also should be given
very sparingly in the middle of the day, even in bright sunshine,
and generally there should be a little left in the night, when the
bottom heat is very strong, as by that means the air in the
frame is kept sweet. When the fruit is fit to eat, for any of the
above purposes, great care should be taken to pack it in narrow'
wooden boxes, in the largest nettle-leaves that can be got, filling
up the interstices with well-beaten moss, and covering over with
soft leaves of any kind. It may then be sent to a great distance
with a fine bloom, and, upon the whole, in a perfect state. —
Geo. Fulton, ex Loud. gard. mag. 6. p. 709.
Gathering the crop. — Cucumbers are used green and unripe,
and before they have attained their full size. They are cut and
gathered when 4, 5, G, or 8 inches long, according to the kinds.
To this size they attain in 10 days or a fortnight in the best
part of the season.
To save seed. — “ Select some best summer fruit, from good
productive plants, which permit to continue in full growth till
they become yellow. Then cut them from the vine, and place
them upright on end in the full sun for 2 or 3 weeks, when they
may be cut open, and the seed being washed out from the pulp,
spread it to dry and harden ; then put it up in papers and
bags for future sowung. It will remain good many years ; and
seed of 3 or 4 years’ keeping is preferable for early frame
crops.”
On forcing cucumbers.- — In growing cucumbers under lights,
“ the most obvious defects,” according to Mr. Allen, “ are com-
post of too light a quality,” and “ dung not sufficiently worked
before it is earthed over.” Mr. Allen has been in the habit of
growing early cucumbers under frames, on common dung-beds,
for twenty years, always producing abundance of fruit from
March till October. In 1823 he W'orked 70 lights for the
London market, the produce of which w'as 3360 cucumbers, or
4 dozen to a light, “ a greater product than is usually obtained
CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis.
2 3
by any of the ordinary methods of treatment.” The beds are
made in December or January, the hot horse-dung having been
previously turned and watered 5 or 6 times. Before earthing
it, round flat mats, about 15 inches in diameter, formed by coil-
ing up a band of straw, 1 inch in diameter, and 10 feet long,
are to be prepared and placed on the dung, under the centre of
each light. Rye straw is preferred for these mats, as it does
not encourage mice. A bushel of compost, consisting of loam
and rotten dung, is placed on each mat, and 1 plant in prefer-
ence to more, on the top of each hillock ; the top of the plant
should be left about 3 inches from the glass ; the mould should
then be dressed up round the hillock, and be pressed close to
the roots, and within 1 inch of the seed-leaves of the plant ;
these, at no time of earthing, should be covered, for this is
very apt to cause canker. The earth should be kept within
the bounds of the straw mat, and not be suffered to mix with
the dung, as that would cause a burning, which is not only trou-
blesome, but in many instances fatal to the prosperity of the
plant ; because if the earth is once burnt, its vegetative quality
is destroyed, and water will have no effect on it. The only
remedy in such a case is to remove the mould, fork up and
water the dung, lay on a little rye straw, and replace the earth.
After ridging out, from one quarter to one inch of air is given
in the day, and about one quarter during the night. The cover-
ing must be very slight for the first 3 or 4 weeks, and must
not hang over the sides. “ The heat must be kept up by aug-
menting the linings once a-week, turning over and watering
them when they heat so as to become dry. The bed inside the
frame will require forking up about 9 inches deep, 3 times a-
week ; the hillocks at the same time should be examined, and
a round pointed stick, of about an inch in diameter and 18
inches long, must be thrust about 12 inches in the dung, under
the straw mat, making 5 or 6 perforations under each hillock.
Into each of the holes so formed, pour from the spout of a
watering-pot as much water as the state of the bed seems to re-
quire ; this may be ascertained from the facility with which the
perforator goes into the bed. If the bed is husky or burning,
the stick will go in with difficulty, and then a large pot of water
is required to a hillock ; on the contrary, if the bed is in a free
state of working, the perforator will go into it very easily, and
then a sprinkling from the rose of the pot will be sufficient.”
A great object of Mr. Allen seems to be to sweeten, rot, and
moisten the dung under the frame for the roots of the plants,
while the heat is principally supplied by the linings. “ The
dung,” he says, “ from the continued forking and watering, will
become in a fine state to receive the roots of the plants ; these,
after passing through the proper depth of compost, placed over
the dung, which is about 8 inches, will readily strike into the
dung, and bear a productive crop of cucumbers throughout the
summer, without their leaves flagging or requiring any shade.
For ascertaining the proper periods to make additions to the
earth, the best criterion is the appearance of the roots through
the sides of the hillock. This should be earthed over about 3
inches, each time forking out the dung 2 inches below the mat,
to give a greater depth of earth each time of performing the
operation. The last time this is done, the depth of mould at
the back of the frame should be 20 inches. It will be necessary
to raise the frame and lights as the plants advance in growth.”
Water should be given plentifully 3 times a-week, without wet-
ting the leaves or fruit, “ pouring it against the back of the
frame, for the mould will dry faster against the back than the
front, in consequence of the heat being there greater, and the
air being admitted there.” “ In pruning, the runners should
not be cut or thinned out, the tops only should be pinched, and
at every joint, beginning where the plant has 2 rough leaves, and
the second rough leaf is about an inch in diameter. That will
cause the plant to produce fruit and a fresh runner in succession
at every joint ; it will likewise add to the strength of the plant.”
Pinch off the tendrils and male blossoms, and fecundate arti-
ficially in the early part of the season. The sort of cucumber
which Mr. Allen finds most productive is the Southgate, and
he prefers seed 3 or 4 years old to new seed — Loud. gard. mag.
vol. 1. p. 416, 417.
Insects and diseases. — The thrips sometimes attack early cu-
cumbers, and are to be destroyed by fumigation. The red spider
rarely makes its appearance ; when he does water must have
been improperly withheld. Some soils produce canker in the
shoots, especially where they branch from the main stem. When
this is the case, the only resource is to renew the soil and the
plants.
Growing the cucumber under hand-glasses. — The following
method is given by M‘Phail as that generally practised : “ The
seeds are sown some time about the middle of April in a cucum-
ber or melon-bed, and when they come up, they are potted out
into small pots, 2 or 3 plants in each pot, and are kept properly
watered, and stopped at the first and second joints. About the
middle of May, a warm situation, where the mould is very rich
is pitched on, and a trench is dug out about 2 feet deep, 3 feet
broad, and the length is proportioned according to the number
of glasses it is intended for. This trench is filled with good
warm dung, and when the dung has come to its full heat, it is
covered over with 8, 10, or 12 inches’ depth of rich mould. The
glasses are then set upon it about 3 feet distant from each other,
and when the mould gets warm under them, the plants are
turned out of the pots with their balls whole, and plunged into
the mould under the glasses, and a little water given them to
settle the mould about their roots, the glasses set over them,
and after they have made roots, and begin to grow, in fine days
the glasses raised a little on one side, to let the plants have the
free air ; and as the weather gets warmer and warmer, air is
given more plentifully to harden the plants, so that they may
be able to bear the open air and run from under the glasses.
When the plants begin to fill the glasses, they are trained out
horizontally, and the glasses are set upon bricks or such like,
to bear them from the plants. After this the plants require
nothing more but to be supplied with water when the summer
showers are not sufficient, and to stop them when they run too
thin of branches, and thin them of leaves or branches when
they are likely to become over-crowded. In warm summers
and in warm situations, by this mode of management, .the plants
will bear plentifully for about 2 months, provided they be not
attacked by insects or weakened by diseases.” Abercrombie
describes the practice somewhat different, but with his usual
detail and order. He says, “To have a general summer crop,
to fruit in hot-bed ridges under hand-glasses, sow some seed of
the long prickly kind in a hot-bed, under a frame or hand-glass,
or in any cucumber hot-bed in cultivation, about the middle of
March, or thence till the middle of April. When the plants
have been up 3, 4, or 5 days, prick some in the same or another
hot-bed, 3 or 4 inches asunder. A portion may be put in small
pots, 3 plants in each, and plunged in a bed. Give water, and
shade from the sun till they take root; and manage as for the
frame crop. In 3 or 4 weeks, when advanced in the first rough
leaves, about 2 inches broad, and stopped at the first joint as
directed in the early crop, the plants should be ridged out, that
is, transplanted into hot-bed ridges, under hand-glasses, to re-
main for fruiting. The period for this may fluctuate from the
middle of April to the beginning of May. Having a sufficient
quantity of prepared dung, make a hot-bed on the level ground,
3^ or 4 feet wide, and 2 ^ feet high, the length as required, ac-
cording to the number of hand-glasses intended. Earth it at
top 6 or 8 inches thick, and place the hand-glasses along the
24
CUCURBIT A CEiE. IV. Cucumis.
middle at 3^ feet distance. Sometimes the bed is made in a
moderate trench, 12 or 15 inches deep, in some good soil in the
kitchen-garden, in order to have the excavated earth of the
trench ready at hand for moulding the bed. When the earth
under the glasses is warm, proceed to put in the plants, remov-
ing them from the nursery-bed, with as much earth as will
adhere about the roots. If you have any plants in small pots,
turn them out with the ball entire, and plant 3 plants under each
glass. Give a light watering; put down the glasses, and shade
the plants from the sun, till they have taken root, after which
let them enjoy the sun and light fully, only covering the glasses
and bed every night with mats till June, or commencement of
warm weather. Admit air every mild day, by propping up the
southward side of the glasses 1 or 2 inches ; moderate waterings
will be necessary twice a-week or oftener. As the plants push
runners of considerable length, train them regularly. When
extended to the limits of the glasses, and when the weather is
settled warm, about the beginning or middle of June, they
should be raised upon 3 props 2 or 3 inches high, and the runners
trained out in regular order, but cover them on cold nights with
mats, for the first week or two. Continue the glasses, and cir-
cumspectly water in dry weather, as may be necessary ; the
plants will produce fruit in June, July, August, &c. in plentiful
succession. To obtain a crop from hot-bed ridges, under hand-
glasses, you may, in default of plants raised in a previous nur-
sery-bed for transplanting, sow seed under the glasses in April
or May, inserting several seeds in the central part under each
glass. When the plants have been up a few days or a week,
thin them to 3 or 4 of the strongest in each patch, managing
them afterwards as the others. They will come into bearing
towards the end of June or July, and thence to September.
(Should there be a scarcity of dung to make a regular bed,)
in the last week of April, or in May, you may dig circular holes
2 feet wide, a spade deep, and 4 or 5 feet asunder ; fill them
with hot dung, trodden down moderately firm, and earthed over
6 inches. In these put either plants or seed, and place on the
glasses ; the plants will produce fruit in June or July till Sep-
tember. (In default of hand-glasses,) make a hot-bed, or holes
of dung, as above, in May ; put in plants or seed, and defend
with oiled paper frames, to remain constantly, day and night,
till settled warm weather in June or July. Give the additional
protection of mats over the paper frame in cold nights and bad
weather. In the culture of all the crops, give proper supplies
of water in dry warm weather, 2 or 3 times a-week, or every
day in the hottest season of June, July, and August. In the
hot-bed ridges, made above ground in April or May, if in 3 or
4 weeks or more after making, the heat be much declined, and
the nights or general season remain cold, let a moderate lining
of hot dung be applied to the sides, which w ill both throw' in a
reviving heat, and widen the bed for the roots and runners of the
plants to extend.”
Cultivation of the cucumber in a Jluedpit. — Nicol says, “ Those
who would have cucumbers on the table at Christmas (a thing
sometimes attempted), will find it more practicable, and less
troublesome, if the plants be growm in a flued pit, in the manner
of late melons, than if they be grown in a common hot-bed.
In this case the cucumbers should take place of the melons
planted in this compartment in July, and which will, by the
middle or end of the month, have ripened off all their fruit of
any consequence. The seeds of some of the early sorts (those
best for early being also best for late) should be sowm in small
pots about the first of the month, and should be placed in the
pit along with the melons, or under a hand-glass, on a slow dung
heat; where let the plants be nursed, and be prepared for plant-
ing about the second or third week in the month, as hinted at
above. Observe to sow old seeds, not those saved this season,
which would run more to vine than to fruit. Let the pit be
prepared for their reception, by trenching up the bark or dung,
and by adding fresh materials, in so far as to produce a mo-
derate growing heat ; observing the directions given for pre-
paring the pit for the melons in July, and moulding it (however
with proper cucumber earth) all over to the depth of a foot or
14 inches. The plants may be placed closer in planting them
out than is necessary in a spring hot-bed. They may be planted
at the distance of a yard from each other, and 2 rows lengthwise
in the pit, as they w'ill not grow very vigorously at this late
season. They should be moderately supplied with water once
in 4 or 5 days, and should always be watered over the foliage,
the more especially when strong fire-heat becomes necessary, as
cucumbers naturally like a moist rather than a dry heat. The
temperature should be kept up to about 64° or 65° in the night,
by the aid of the flues, and bv matting, or otherwise covering
the pit. Air should be as freely admitted as the state of the
weather will allow', and so as to keep the mercury down, in sun-
shine to about 70°. The plants will require little other pruning
than to stop the vines, as they show fruit at the joint or two
above it ; for they will not push many superfluous shoots. Ob-
serve to pick off all damped leaves as they appear ; and other-
wise carefully attend to them, as above directed, while they
continue to flourish, or to do any good worthy of such attend-
ance.”
Cultivation of the cucumber in MlPhail's brick-bed pit. —
“ When I used,” observes M‘Phail, “ to cultivate cucumbers on
a dung-bed, the fruit were sometimes w atery and ill-tasted ; but
after I began to cultivate them on a brick bed, the fruit w'ere
constantly firm and well flavoured, which is certainly occasioned
by the goodness and wholesomeness of the food with which the
plants are fed or nourished.” M‘Phail’s pit has many advantages
over a common hot-bed : there is no chance of burning the roots
of the plants in it, the linings being placed all on the outside,
without any dung underneath the plants. “ All the materials of
my newly-invented bed are clean and sweet ; and the flues being
made perfectly close, no tainted or bad-smelling air can get
through them into the bed ; so that it is of little or no concern
whether the dung of the linings be sweet or otherwise, or whe-
ther the linings be made of dung or of any thing else, provided
there be a sufficient heat kept in them, and no pernicious steam
be drawn in among the plants by the current of air.” A shel-
tered dry situation is of the first consequence for this pit. The
bed being built, “ when the frame is about to be set upon it, a
layer of mortar is spread all round upon the upper course of
brick-work, on which the bottoms of the frames are to rest.
Thus the frames are set in mortar on the bricks ; and the flues
are, with a bricklayer’s brush, well washed, and rubbed with a
thick grout, made of lime and water, which stops every crack
or hole, and prevents the steam of the linings from getting into
the frames. This washing of the flues I had done once a-year,
for no crack or hole must ever be suffered to remain unstopped
in the flues. I found little or no trouble in keeping the flues
perfectly close, nor is it indeed likely that they should become
troublesome, if the bed stands on a sound foundation, for the
heat of the dung has not that powerful effect on the flues, as
fire-heat has on the flues of the hot-house ; because the heat of
dung is more steady and not so violent as the heat of the fire,
and, besides, the flues of a cucumber-bed are almost always in
a moist state, which is a preventive in them against cracking
or rending. When the bed is first built, the pits are about 3
feet in depth below the surface of the flues. The pits I had
filled up about a foot high, some of them with rough chalk,
some of them with small stones, and some of them with brick-
bats ; this is to let the wet drain off freely from the mould of
the beds. After this filling up with chalk, stones, and broken
CUCURBITACE^. IV. Cucumis.
25
bricks, there is a vacancy in the pits, about 4 feet deep below
the surface of the flues ; this vacancy I had filled to a level
with the surface of the flues, with vegetable or leaf mould ; and
in putting it in, it was gently pressed, to prevent it from sinking
too much afterwards. On the surface of the mould with which
the pits were filled, under the middle of each light, and which
is just in the centre of the mould in each pit, make hills of
mould, in the same form as is commonly done on a dung-bed.
These hills are to set the plants in, and are to be raised at first
nearly close to or within a few inches of the glass. Raising the
mould at first pretty nigh the glass is necessary, on account of
the sinking of it ; for as the frames are set on bricks, they
cannot sink ; but mould newly put in is sure to settle, and the
measure of the settlement will ever depend upon the lightness
and texture of the mould with which the pits are filled. There-
fore, these and such-like matters must be left to the discretion
of those who are intrusted with the direction and management
of the frames. When the bed is thus finished, and ready for
the reception of the plants, if the flues be strewed over with
mould, so that their surface be just covered, to a stranger it is
altogether a deception, for in every respect it has the appear-
ance of a dung-bed. The sashes of the frames which I used
were glazed in lead ; but if any person who rears early cucum-
bers have lights which are not glazed in lead, but are slate-
glazed, the vacancies between the glass had best be filled up close
with putty, to prevent too much air from getting into the frames
in the cold days of winter. The frames under my management
were constantly kept in good repair, and painted over once every
year. This method, I am clearly of opinion, is more profitable
than if the frames were neglected for 2 or 3 years, and then
have a thorough repair, with 2 or 3 coats of paint. When
frames are new painted, they should be suffered to lie and
sweeten for some time, at least for 2 or 3 weeks, or until the
disagreeable smell of the paint is somewhat lessened. Although
the frames I used were of a very good size, yet if they were a
little smaller or larger, they would answer the purpose very
well. Therefore those who intend to build a bed after my plan,
have no occasion to make new frames merely for the purpose,
but they may get the bed built to fit the frames they are already
in possession of. The linings are to be applied to the bed a few
days before the plants are ready for finally planting out, in order
that the mould and every thing in the frames may be properly
warmed for their reception. The dung, of which the linings
are to be made, may either be cast together into a heap, to bring
it to a heat before it be laid round the bed, or it may be laid
round the bed as it is brought from the dung-yard ; but which-
ever of these methods be taken, when the linings are making
up, the dung should be well shaken, and laid up lightly, so that
the heat of it may come up freely. As it takes some days
before the linings are able to warm the earth in the bed suffi-
ciently for the reception of the plants, the rank steam of the
new dung linings is evaporated, unless the dung came imme-
diately from the stables, which seldom is the case. The linings
are to be made nearly 3 feet broad in their foundation, and ta-
pered up to about 30 inches at the top, by which they will retain
their heat long, and in sinking will keep close to the bed, which
is what should at all times be paid proper attention to. In the
winter and spring months, the linings should be trodden upon
as little as possible, for treading on them would be the means of
stagnating the heat. But should it at any time, in managing
the plants, be found necessary to stand or kneel upon them,
boards should be laid on their tops for that purpose ; which will
prevent the weight of a person from taking that effect on them
which it otherwise would do. As the linings sink they are to
be raised with fresh dung, but they should seldom be raised
higher than the level of the mould in the frames on which the
VOL. III.
plants grow, especially when there is a strong heat in them ; for
when there is a great heat in them, if they are kept higher than
the level of the mould, the heat dries the air in the frames too
much. Nor should they be suffered to sink much below the
level of the mould in the frames, for that, on the contrary,
would cause too much moisture in the frames, especially in the
winter and spring months. When the heat begins to be too
little, notwithstanding the linings being kept to their proper
height, the fresh unexhausted dung underneath should be taken
away, and that which was laid aside put in the foundation, and
fresh dung laid above it, in lieu of that which was carried
away. Both the side linings may be raised at one time,
but both of them should never be renewed together ; for if
both were to be renewed at the same time, it would for a time
cool the frames too much, and when the heat of both came to
their full strength, it would probably be too powerful to the
roots of the plants when extended to the flues. I seldom or
never renew the end linings, because I found the heat of the
side ones fully sufficient ; for as there are flues or vacuities in
every part of the bed, the steam being fluid, circulates in and
warms every part thereof. And for the very same reason there
is no occasion for having a strong heat in both the side linings
at one and the same time, except in very cold weather. In
making up and pulling down the linings, care should be taken
not to injure the brick-work. The covering the lights in the
w inter and spring is absolutely necessary ; for, notwithstanding
the heat of the linings, it would be impossible to keep up a pro-
per degree of heat in the frames for the plants without covering.
Therefore, the covering up in the evenings and uncovering in the
mornings must be particularly attended to, and more or less put
on according to the heat of the linings and temperature of the
weather. After the bed is set to work, heat and sweet moisture
are the two principal agents required for promoting the growth
and vigour of the plants ; therefore if there be a heat kept in
the linings, strong enough to keep the heat in the centre of the
pits of mould fluctuating between 80° and 90°, cold water may
be poured on the flues twice or thrice a week. There is no
danger of creating damps or impure air in the frames by water-
ing the flues ; for the water is no sooner poured on them, than
it runs down their sides, and passes clear off through the drains
of the bed ; consequently, water being poured upon the flues,
gives only a momentary check to the heat of the frames ; for the
flues being at all times full of hot steam, when the watering is
finished, the heat quickly resumes its former vivacity, 5nd raises
a warm vapour in the frames, wrell adapted for promoting veget-
ation, and for increasing the growth, and invigorating the plant
in all its parts. The mould round about the sides of the pits
close against the inner sides of the flues, should be kept nearly
on a level with the surface of the flues, and as it is the mould
that joins to the flues which receives the first and greatest heat
from the linings, it should be continually kept in a moist state ;
for if the mould against the flues be suffered to become dry and
husky, air will be generated in the frames disagreeable to the
plants.” In all other respects, the culture of cucumber or
melon, on M'Phail’s brick-bed, corresponds with the culture of
these fruits on common dung-beds. M'Phail has, in his “ Gar-
deners’ Remembrancer,” as well as in his “ Treatise on the Cu-
cumber,” given the temperature of one of his beds for every
day in the year, of which the following table shows the extremes
for every month : —
morn. noon. even.
January from 58° to 86° from 56° to 86° from 54° to 77°
February 68 — 88 66 — 90 58 — 84
March 62 — 83 65 — 90 62 — 85
April 69 — 84 68 — 93 64 — 90
May 67 — 79 70 — 90 66 — 95
E
26
CUCURBITACEjE. IV. Cuccmis.
morn. noon. even.
J une from
o
o
o*
85° from
80° to
98°
from 67° to
90°
July
61 —
79
72 —
105
69
95
August
60 —
78
80 —
96
70 —
89
September
69 —
80
74 —
100
72 —
97
October
64 —
81
71 —
101
68 —
89
November
62 —
82
65 —
92
61
80
December
65 —
88
64 —
77
58
71
“ By the heat described in these tables, and plenty of water,
the cucumber plants, the seeds of which were sown on the 22d
day of October, were maintained in a healthy fruit-bearing state
in the brick frame of my inventing, from the month of January
to the beginning of December.” The melon plants in the ma-
nagement of the author, were kept in about the same degree of
heat which he has given for the culture of the cucumber, in the
forcing frames ; and he ventures to predict that if any person
keep melon or cucumber plants in nearly the same degrees of
heat, as is set down in the foregoing plain tables, and manage the
plants well in other respects, the way to do which he thinks he
has clearly pointed out in this treatise, he is persuaded they will
not fail in having success. He adds, that notwithstanding the
objections of some who have not been successful in making trial
of his bed, “ it is now generally approved of, and in practice by
numbers of the best gentlemen’s gardeners in the kingdom, and
by various market gardeners in the neighbourhood of London.”
West’s pit, however, seems superior to M'Phail’s, as requiring
much less dung, presenting a much more neat and orderly ap-
pearance, and giving a greater command of temperature.
Cultivation of the cucumber in a common pit without flues. —
Some form a narrow dung-bed along the middle of each pit,
leaving room for adding a lining on each side when the heat de-
o a o
dines. The method succeeds very well late in the season; but
at an early period the sinking of the bed from the glass leaves
the plants at a great distance from the light.
Cultivation of the cucumber in stoves. — “ Cucumber plants,”
M'Phail observes, “ will grow in a hot-house, where the pine-
apple is cultivated ; but they will not be very long lived there,
for that is not a healthy climate for them.” “ In August sow the
seeds in boxes filled with vegetable or other light earth, and
place them on shelves on the back side of the hot-house, where
the sun may not be interrupted from shining on them in the
short days. They may perhaps produce a few fruit in the month
of December or January.” Gard. rememb. p. 301. Aber-
crombie says, “ some gardeners, ambitious of early fruit, try a
sowing in the stove under the disadvantages of December.
Fruiting this plant in the house in narrow boxes 3 feet long, and
full 20 inches deep, may be found more commodious than pots.
The boxes may stand upon the crib-trellising over the flues, or
be suspended near the back wall, 18 inches from the upper tier
of lights, so as not to shade the regular house plants : this is the
best situation for a very early crop. The plants may be origi-
nated in small pots, plunged into the bark-bed, in order to be
transplanted with a half ball of earth into the borders. Those
who aim to have fruit at Christmas introduce seedlings about the
middle of August.” “ The chief deviation from the course of the
hot-bed is, that the plants must be trained in the house up-
right, for which purpose form a light temporary trellis of laths.
Give water every other day at least.” Pract. Gard. p. 618.
We have already quoted the particulars of Aiton’s method cf
raising cucumber plants in August, with a view to their being
fruited in the stove through the winter. We now subjoin the
remainder of that paper. “ The plants being raised on a well
prepared one light hot-bed, when the cotyledons or seed-leaves
became nearly of full growth, the plants were potted out, two
into each pot, known to gardeners about London by the name
of upright thirty-twos. When these pots became filled with
roots, the plants were again shifted into larger ones, called six-
teens, and removed from the seed-bed into a three light frame,
with a sufficient bottom heat to allow a considerable portion of
air being given day and night, both in the front and back of the
frame. About the middle of September, the plants having again
filled their pots with roots, and become stocky, were taken
from the frame to the stove, and after a few days received the
last shifting into larger pots of the following dimensions : at top
14 inches over, the bottom 10 inches across, and 12 inches deep,
all inside measure ; each pot at equal distances apart, having
three side drain holes near the bottom, and a larger one in the
centre of the bottom, and containing about three pecks of solid
earth. The cucumber plants were fruited this season in a
pinery. On the front edge of the back flue of this stove, a
fascia-boarding, 6 inches deep, was affixed the whole length of
the building, forming all along a trough or inclosure for a re-
serve of compost, after the exhaustion of the mould in the pots
had taken place. The pots were now placed in regular order
upon the mould-trough over the flue at 3 feet apart, and re-
mained in this station for good, for succession. A setting of the
second sowing was placed upon the end flues of the house ; un-
derneath each pot were set an upright circular garden pan, 6
inches deep, and 14 inches in diameter, which being filled with
earth, the pots were plunged therein about 2 inches deep, and
the drain holes being sufficiently covered, with mould, served as
outlets to the roots. From this time the fire heat of the stove
was kept day and night at 60° or 65° of Fahrenheit’s thermo-
meter, varying only a few degrees when the sudden influences of
the sun or steam produced an additional glow of climate. The
plants being now established and vigorous, required stopping the
laterals and fruit ; and these second and third lateral shoots in
their turn were stopped also, and the blossoms from time to time
set, as usual, for succession of supply. Waterings were neces-
sary only when the surface of the earth was evidently dry, and
light sprinklings of soft water, tempered in the stove, were occa-
sionally given over the leaves of the plants and path with good
effect. Steam from a well regulated flue was considered always
favorable to the cultivation, but applied sparingly on account of
its scalding effect upon the leaves, when the vapour proved
overheated. For the mildew, flower of brimstone, coloured
leaf-green by a little soot, has been applied with the best suc-
cess in all stages of the disease, and copious fumigations of
tobacco were used for the destruction of the several species of
the aphis tribe. Under this simple practice winter cucumbers
have been produced abundantly in the months of October, No-
vember, December, and part of January, in all the royal gar-
dens of His Majesty during a series of years.” Aiton ex encycl.
gard. p. 642, 643.
Cultivation of the cucumber in Week's patent frame. — Only
two instances in which this ingenious invention has been tried are
known to us, both of which are mentioned at the end of “ Week’s
Forcer’s Assistant.” The chief objection to it is, that the bed or
stratum of earth in which the plants are grown, being but of mo-
derate depth, and surrounded by air above and below, is ex-
tremely difficult to retain at an equable moisture. There are
several other structures for growing cucumbers and melons in
besides those mentioned above ; but none of them appear to us
to be of much importance.
On a mode of producing a crop of cucumbers during winter. —
James Reed, (Gard. mag. 3. p. 23.) places his winter cucumber
bed in a vinery. In this vinery the air could be admitted both
by the front and top lights. About the 20th of September the
cucumber seeds were sown on a moderate hot-bed in the open
air, and heated in the usual manner until they were ready to
ridge out. This generally happened about the beginning of
8
CUCURBITACEiE. IV. Cucumis.
27
November, at which time the shoots of the vines were withdrawn
from the house, and a dung-bed formed in the floor of the
vinery in the usual way. After placing the frame and mould on
the bed, it may be left without the lights until the rank steam
has passed off. After this, the plants being placed in the hills,
and the sashes put on, the following are the leading features of
management during the winter. Make fires in the evening, so
as to warm the air of the house to from 56° to 60°, and in very
severe frosts it may be raised to 70°. In the mornings of the
coldest weather, and shortest days, make a strong fire, so as to
raise the heat to nearly 70° when the house is shut up. About
8 o’clock, and from that time to half past 9, give plenty of fresh
air, by opening the front sashes and top lights, after which, and
during the remainder of the day, give plenty of air to the
cucumbers, by tilting the sashes in the usual way. In mild
weather, and during sunshine, the lights may be taken en-
tirely off the cucumbers for some hours each day ; and imme-
diately after forming new linings, the top lights may be left
open a little all night to permit the escape of rank steam. The
advantage of this mode of growing cucumbers during winter is,
the comparative certainty of an early and good crop at one-third
of the trouble and expence of the common method out of doors.
By this practice fruit may be cut in January. The vines may
be introduced in the beginning of March, and will break beauti-
fully and regularly in consequence of the genial steam of the
dung. In April the shade of the vine leaves will have rendered
the house too dark for the culture of the cucumber, and as by
this time cucumbers are plentiful in the common hot-beds out of
doors, the bed in the vinery may be cleared away, and the vines
treated in the usual way till the following November.
Common or Cultivated Cucumber. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1573.
PI. trailing.
4 C. flexuosus (Lin. spec. 1437.) stems trailing, scabrous,
flexuous, cirrhiferous ; leaves cordate-ovate, somewhat lobed,
denticulated, stalked ; flowers in fascicles in the axils of the
leaves ; calyx very pilose ; fruit long, cylindrically-clavate, fur-
rowed, flexuous, replicate, white or yellow. 0. F. Native of
the East Indies. — Lob. stirp. p. 363. f. 2. Dodon. pempt. p. 66.
f. 2. Ger. herb. p. 763. f. 3. Fruit the size of a large pear,
eatable, and delicious. It is cultivated about Nagasaki and
elsewhere in Japan; is ripe in June, and is called by the Dutch
Banket Melon.
Var. ft, rcjlexus (Ser. mss.) leaves angularly-lobed. C. re-
flexus, Zieh.
Flexuous- fruited or Banket Melon. FI. May, Sept. Clt.
1597. PI. tr.
5 C. Jamaice'nsis (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 46.) leaves
cordate, 3-lobed, quintuple-nerved, glabrous, quite entire, beset
with scabrous dots beneath ; lobes acuminated; fruit nearly glo-
bose. ©. F. Native of Jamaica.
Jamaica Melon. FI. June, Sep. Clt. 1824. Pl.tr.
6 C. macroca'rpos (Wenderoth ex Mart, reise. bras, ex Lin-
naea. 5. p. 39.) leaves cordate, rather angular, acutish, sharply-
denticulated, scabrous from hairs ; fruit oblong, obsolete]}' striat-
ed and spotted, remotely tuberculatcd. ©. F. Native of Brazil.
Long-fruited Cucumber. PI. tr.
7 C. Cjia'te (Lin. spec. 1437.) plant very villous ; stems
trailing, bluntly pentagonal, flexuous ; leaves petiolate, roundish,
bluntly angled, denticulated ; flowers small, on short peduncles;
fruit pilose, elliptic, tapering to both ends. ©. F. Native of
Egypt and Arabia. — Alp. exot. segyp. p. 54. t. 40. — Bauh. hist.
2. p. 248. f. 3. The fruit is rather watery ; the flesh almost of
the same substance with the melon ; the taste somewhat sweet,
and cool as the water-melon. The grandees and Europeans in
Egypt eat it as the most pleasant fruit they have, and that from
which they have least to apprehend. With us it is very indif-
ferent. It is most common in the fertile soil around Cairo, after
the inundation of the Nile. C/iale is the Egyptian name of the
plant.
Chate or Hairy Cucumber or Melon. FI. June, Aug. Clt.
1759. Pl.tr.
8 C. Duda'im (Lin. spec. 1437.) plant hispid ; lower leaves
roundish, upper ones somewhat 5-lobed, cordate at the base,
denticulated ; tendrils simple ; petals ovate-roundish ; male
flowers having the calyx rounded at the base, the throat dilated,
and with the connectives longer than the anthers ; hermaphro-
dite flowers having the tube of the calyx ovate and pilose ; stig-
mas 4-6 ; fruit globose, smoothisb, variegated, rarely warted :
with white sweet-scented, but insipid flesh. ©. F. Native of
Persia. And. bot. rep. t. 548. C. odoratissimus, Moench,
meth. 654. — Dill. hort. elth. 223. t. 177. f. 218. — Walth. hort.
p. 133. t. 21. The fruit is variegated with green and orange,
and oblong unequal green spots ; when full ripe becoming yel-
low', and at length whitish. It has a very fragrant vinous musky
smell, and a whitish, flaccid, insipid pulp. Dudaim is the Hebrew
name of the fruit, rendered mandrake in Scripture, which is per-
haps C. prophetarum.
Dudaim or Apple-shaped Melon. Fl.Jul.Aug. Clt.l 705. Pl.tr.
9 C. Co'nomon (Thunb. jap. p. 324.) plant rather pilose ;
stem trailing, striated ; leaves cordate, somewhat lobed, stalked,
rather pilose ; flowers small ; fruit oblong, glabrous, 6-10-fur-
rowed; flesh firm. ©. F. Native of Japan. Fruit larger
than a man’s head. Flow'ers aggregate, on rather hispid stalks.
This plant is cultivated every where in Japan for the sake of its
fruit, which, when preserved, is sold under the name of Conne-
mon, and is a common food among the Japanese. It is also fre-
quently eaten by the Dutch at Batavia, and is sometimes brought
to Holland.
Conornon Melon. PI. tr.
10 C. se'pium (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 278.) leaves cordate-
ovate, somewhat 5-lobed ; fruit oval, muricated, acuminated at
both ends. ©. F. Native of Guiana, in the island of Wac-
hanama. C. anguria, Raeusch, but not of Lin. ex Steud. nom.
It differs from our C. anguria in the leaves being subpalmate,
with angular recesses, and in the fruit being globosely-elliptic.
Hedge Melon. PI. tr.
11 C. linea'tus (Bose, journ. hist. nat. 2: p. 251. t. 37.) stem
climbing, pentagonal ; tendrils trifid, longer than the leaves ;
leaves cordate, palmate, acutish, serrulated ; petioles short ;
flowers usually twin, almost sessile; female ones "having an
oblong-ovate calyx, and lanceolate segments ; petals ovate,
refuse; fruit ovate-oblong, lined with green, 10-ribbed. ©. F.
Native of Cayenne.
Lined-fruited Melon. FI. June. Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl.tr.
12 C. propheta'rum (Lin. spec. 1436. amoen. acad. 4. p.
295.) stem trailing, striated ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, denticu-
lated ; lobes obtuse ; flowers axillary, 2-5-together, stalked ;
male ones with a campanulate calyx, and obovate petals ; calyx
of the female flowers globose at the base, 12-striped, and his-
pid : limb campanulate, crowned by teeth ; fruit globose, echi-
nated, variegated, size of a cherry. ©. F. Native of Arabia.
Jacq. hort. vind. 1. 1. 9. — Blackw. herb. 589. C. grossularioides,
Hortul. The plant has a nauseous odour. The fruit equals the
Colocynth in bitterness.
Prophet's or Globe Cucumber. FI. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1777. PL tr.
13 C. Africa' xus (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 423.) stems trailing, an-
gular ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed ; lobes acutish ; peduncles fili-
form ; fruit ovate-oblong, much echinated. $ . F. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 9S0. — Herm. par.
p. 134. t. 36. Flowers small. Very like C. propheldrum.
African Cucumber. FI. June, Aug. PI. tr.
14 C. angu'ria (Lin. spec. 1436. but not of Raeusch. ex Steud.
e 2
28
CUCURBITACE^l. IV. Cucumis. V. Luffa.
nom.) stems rather filiform, cirrhiferous ; leaves palmately-si-
nuated, cordate at the base, scabrous; flowers usually solitary,
size of those of Bryonia dioica ; fruit globose, echinated, white.
©. F. Native of Jamaica. C. echinatus, Mcench, rneth. p.
654. — Mill. icon. t. 33. — Pluk. phyt. t. 170. f. 3. Very like
C. prophetarum. The fruit of this kind of cucumber is eaten
when green by the inhabitants of the West India Islands ;
but these are far inferior to our common cucumber. The
fruit seldom grows so large as a pullet’s egg, and is shaped
like it ; and the rind is closely beset with blunt prickles. It
is frequently used in the sugar islands with other herbs in
soups, and is esteemed an agreeable and wholesome ingredient
in them, ayyovpiov, angourion, one of the Greek names of the
cucumber ; hence the specific name.
Anguria or Round Prickly- fruited Cucumber. FI. June, Aug.
Clt. 1692. PI. tr.
15 C. citru'llus (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 301.) plant
very pilose ; stems trailing, cirrhiferous ; leaves bluntly pinnate,
or many-parted, rather glaucous ; flow'ers solitary, each fur-
nished with one oblong bractea ; fruit nearly globose, gla-
brous, with starry spots. ©. F. Native of tropical Africa
and the East Indies. Cucurbita citrullus, Lin. spec. 1435. Cu-
curbita anguria, Duchesn. in Lam. diet. 2. p. 158. — Blackw.
herb. t. 157. — Lob. stirp. t. 361. f. 2. Park. Theatr. 771. f.
772. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 146. f. 1. Samanka of the Hindoos.
Far. a, Pasteca (Ser. 1. c.) flesh of fruit firm, yellow, but not
very watery. This is the Yellow -fleshed Water Melon of the
English, and the Pasteque of the French.
Far. (i, Jdce (Ser. 1. c.) flesh very watery, reddish. This is
the Red-Jleshed Water Melon of the English, Melon d’eau of the
French, and the Jace of the Brazilians.
The water-melon is called rvasser-melon in Germany, and coco -
mcro in Italy. The plant serves both for food, drink, and physic
to the Egyptians. The fruit is eaten in abundance during the
season, which is from the beginning of May until the overflowing
of the Nile, that is, to the end of July. It is the only medicine
the common people use in ardent fevers : when it is ripe or
almost putrid, they collect the juice, and mix it with rose-water
and a little sugar. The fruit should be eaten cautiously by
Europeans, especially when taken in the heat of the day ; but it
is much used within the tropics, and in Italy. The fruit is large,
green externally, white fleshed, reddish towards the centre, juicy,
and refreshing, but not high flavoured. It is generally considered
the melon of the Jews, mentioned in various parts of the Bible.
It requires nearly the same treatment as the common melon,
but a larger frame to admit its more extended shoots to spread
themselves.
Citrul or Water Melon. FI. May, Sep. Clt. 1597. PI. tr.
16 C. murica'tus (Willd. spec. 4. p. 613.) leaves cordate and
angular, rather hoary ; angles rounded ; fruit cylindrical, muri-
cated ; male flowers aggregate, nearly sessile ; female ones soli-
tary. ©. F. Native of Tranquebar.
JVarted Cucumber. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl.tr.
17 C. megaca'rpus ; leaves palmate; fruit long, ovate, very
full of anastomosing fibres, which look like net-work when the
fruit is dried up. ©. F. Native of Sierra Leone.
Large-fruited Cucumber. PL tr.
18 C. pube'scens (Willd. 1. c. p. 614.) leaves cordate, rather
angular, acutish, sharply toothed, scabrous : fruit, elliptic, ob-
tuse, pubescent, green, painted with more obscure narrow
stripes. ©. F. Native country unknown. Fruit 3 inches
long, elliptic, and an inch thick, obtuse at both ends, covered
with fine down.
Downy Cucumber. FI. July, Sep. Clt. 1815. Pl.tr.
19 C. macula'tus (Willd spec. 4. p. 614.) leaves cordate,
obsoletely angular, roundly obtuse, denticulated, scabrous ; fruit
elliptic, narrow at the base, glabrous, when young painted with
broad green stripes ; but when mature, white, variegated with
green spots ; connectives much longer than the anthers. Q. F.
Native of Guinea. Fruit smooth. Ser. diss. 1. c. t. 3.
Spotted Cucumber. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl.tr.
20 C. coeocy'nthis (Lin. spec. 1435.) stems trailing, rather
hispid ; leaves cordate-ovate, multifidly lobed, covered with
white pili beneath ; lobes obtuse ; petioles equalling the limb of
the leaf ; tendrils short ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate ;
female ones having the tube of the calyx globose, and rather his-
pid, crowned by a spreading campanulate limb, and narrow seg-
ments ; petals small ; fruit globose, glabrous, yellowish at
maturity, with a thin solid rind, and very bitter flesh. ©. F.
Native of Japan andTurkey. — Blackw. herb. t. 441. — Sabb. hort.
1. t. 70. — Mor. hist. sect. 1. 1. 6. f. 1. Fruit about the size of
an orange. The colocynth is a native of Turkey. The fruit is
about the size of an orange ; its medullary part, freed from the
rind and seeds, is alone made use of in medicine ; this is very
light, white, spongy, composed of membranous plates, of an ex-
tremely bitter, nauseous, acrimonious taste. The fruit is ga-
thered in autumn, when it begins to turn yellow, and is then
peeled and dried quickly, either in a stove or in the sun. New-
mann got from 7680 parts, 1680 alcoholic extract, and then
2160 watery ; and inversely 3600 watery, and 224 alcoholic.
The seeds are perfectly bland, and highly nutritious ; and we
learn from Captain Lyon, that they constitute an important
article of food in Northern Africa. The extract of colocynth is
one of the most powerful and useful of cathartics, but there is
no more efficacious way of lessening its violence than by re-
ducing its dose.
Colocynth or Bitter Cucumber. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1551.
PL tr.
21 C. Campechia'nus (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
123.) stem cirrhiferous ; leaves cordate-roundish, sinuately 5-
lobed, toothed ; lobes rounded, intermediate one the largest ;
male flowers racemose, few ; tube of calyx villous ; fruit un-
known. ©.F. Native on the shores about Campeachy. Perhaps
a variety of C. prophetarum, according to Spreng. syst. 3. p. 47.
Campeachy Cucumber. PL tr.
22 C. pere'nnis (E. James, exped. rock, mount. 2. p. 345.
and in isis. 1824. p. 235.) leaves triangularly cordate, with un-
dulated margins ; tendrils trichotomous ; lobes of calyx subu-
late ; fruit orbicular, smooth, usually 4-celled ; seeds ovate,
gibbous, with an acute margin. If. F. Native of or cultivated
in North America. Flowers about the size of those of Cucur-
hita Pepo. Fruit nearly sessile.
Perennial Cucumber. PL tr.
Cult. See culture of the Cucumber and Melon in the open
air in the proper place, for the culture of the rest of the species.
V. LUFFA ( Louff is the Arabic name of L. AEgyptiaca).
Cav. icon. 1. p. 7. t. 9. D. C. prod. 3. p. 302. — Cucumis
species of authors, and Momordica species of authors.
Lin. syst. Monce'cia, Pentdndria. Male flowers yellow, in
panicles ; tube of calyx hemispherical, with the segments longer
than the tube. Petals free, deciduous from being ruptured at
the base. Stamens 5, not joined. Anthers very flexuous.
Female flowers solitary ; tube of calyx oblong-clavated, with
the segments shorter than the tube. Stamens almost abortive.
Stigmas reniform. Fruit ovate, 3-celled. Seeds 2-lobed at the
base, reticulated. Flowers yellow.
1 L. fce'tida (Cav. icon. 1. p. 7. t. 9.) stem furrowed : leaves
cordate, 5-7-angled, scabrous ; the angles acute and serrated ;
tendrils umbellate ; fruit mucronate, not crowned by the limb of
the calyx. ©. F. Native of the East Indies, the islands of
Bourbon and France, as well as in many places on the western
CLJCURBITACEdE. V. Luffa. VI. Benincasa. VII. Erythropalum.
29
coast of Africa, in fields, hedges, and among bushes. Sims,
hot. mag. 1638. Ojong Bulustru is its Hindoo name.
Fetid Luffa. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1812. PL tr.
2 L. cordifolia (Blume, bijdr. p. 929.) leaves cordate, acumi-
nated, sharply toothed, scabrous ; flowers dioecious ; male ones
rather umbellate : female ones solitary ; fruit furrowed and
wrinkled. Q.F. Native of Java, on the mountains, where it
is called by the natives Aroy kajoraajan, Aroy Kalayar burriet,
but Tirvuk by the Hindoos.
Heart-leaved Luffa. PI. tr.
3 L. acuta'ngula (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 302.) stem
twisted; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, acutely toothed;
tendrils undivided, or 2-3-cleft; fruit clavate, 10-angled,
crowned by the linear calycine segments: the rind hard; seeds
flat, roundish-oblong, black and shining at maturity. ©. F.
Native of China, and plentiful in India near the habitations of
the Indians Cucumis acutangulus, Lin. spec. 1436. Jacq. hort.
vind. 3. p. 73, 74. ex Lam. diet. 2. p. 74. — Rheed. mal. 8. t. 7.
— Rumph. amb. 5. p. 408. t. 149. Dringi is the Hindoo name
of the plant. Leaves like those of Tussildgo Petasites or Vitis,
with the scent of Datura stramonium. Male flow'ers umbellate,
female ones solitary. Fruit insipid, but is eaten by the natives
of India boiled or pickled.
Acute-angled Luffa. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1692. Pl.tr.
4 L. Plukenetia'na (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 302.)
leaves cordate, doubly toothed ; tendrils 2-3-cleft ; fruit ob-
ovate, crowned by the marcescent limb of the calyx. ©. F.
Native of the East Indies. Cucumis acutangulus (i, Lam. diet.
2. p. 74. — Pluk. phyt. t. 172. f. 1.
Plukenet's Luffa. PI. tr.
5 L. Ca'ttu-picinna (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 303.)
stem tetragonal ; leaves cordate, roundish, somewhat 5-lobed,
angular ; sepals broadly ovate, acuminated ; fruit oblong-ellip-
tic, mucronate, lined with warts, and crowned by the calycine
segments ; seeds ovate. ©. F. Native of Malabar. — Cattu-
picinna, Rheed. mal. 8. p. 15. t. 8. Leaves nearly the size and
form of those of Althce'a rosea. Male flowers size of those of
Pceonia tenuijolia.
Cattu-picinna Luffa. PI. tr.
6 L. -/Egyptiaca (Mill, diet.) leaves roundish-cordate, lobed ;
lobes angular, cut at the base, with incumbent margins ; tendrils
simple ; fruit obovate-clavate, 10-angled, crowned by the seg-
ments of the calyx. ©. F. Native of Arabia. Momordica
Luffa, Lin. spec. 1433. L. Arabum, Alp. pi. aegypt. p. 199. t.
58. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 35. sect. 1. t. 7. f. 1, 2. — Sabb. hort. 1.
t. 62. The Arabians call the plant Liff or Lovff; they cultivate
it, and it climbs up the palm-trees, covering, and elegantly
adorning their trunks. It is also cultivated largely in China
and Cochin-china, if Loureiro’s plant be the same (Coch. p.
590.). The fruit when young is made into a pickle, like the
mango, but it has a disagreeable taste, and is not accounted very
wholesome.
Egyptian Luffa. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1739. PI. cl.
7 L. Pe'tola (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 303.) stems
terete; leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed ; lobes acute, serrated, middle
one very long ; tendrils bifid ; segments of the calyx oblong and
bluntish ; petals obcordate, toothed, shorter than the calycine
segments ; fruit obovate-clavate, mucronate, woolly, afterwards
furrowed, green, spotted with white, with watery flesh. ©. F.
Native of the East Indies. — Petola, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 405.
t. 147.
Petola Luffa. PI. tr.
8 L. penta'ndra (Wall. cat. no. 6751.) leaves cordate, downy,
5-7-lobed, mucronately denticulated : middle lobe the longest;
female peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary : male ones umbellate ? ©.
F. Native of the East Indies, in Rungpur and Munggeri.
Pentandrous Luffa. PI. tr.
9 L grave'olens (Roxb. ex Wall. cat. no. 6752.) downy;
leaves cordate, obsoletely lobed, and mucronately denticulated ;
flowers axillary, 2-4-together, on very short peduncles ; fruit
muricated. ©. F. Native of the East Indies, in Munikapur.
Strong-scented Luffa. PI. tr.
10 L. ama'ra (Wall. cat. no. 6754.) scabrous ; leaves cordate,
5-7-lobed, middle lobe the longest, all acute ; female peduncles
1 -flowered, solitary: male ones racemose; fruit long, downy.
©. F. Native of the East Indies, in Rungpur and Gualpara.
Bitter Luffa. PI. tr.
11 L. hedera'cea (Wall. cat. no. 6755.) leaves cordate, pal-
mately 5-lobed, mucronately denticulated ; female peduncles
1 -flowered, solitary : male ones racemose ; fruit oblong. ©. F.
Native of the Burman Empire, at Amherst, and below Melloon.
Ivy-like Luffa. PI. tr.
12 L. echina'ta (Roxb. ex Wall. cat. no. 6756.) scabrous;
leaves cordate, 5-lobed ; lobes rounded, mucronately denticu-
lated; female peduncles 1-flowered, solitary; male ones um-
bellately racemose ; fruit roundish, echinated by spines. ©. F.
Native of the East Indies, in Bandil, Deyra, and Dhoon.
Echinated- fruited Luffa. PI. tr.
13 L. satpa'tia (Hamilt. ex Wall. cat. no. 6757.) scabrous;
leaves cordate, angularly toothed ; peduncles racemose. ©. F.
Native of the East Indies, in Nathpur, wdiere it is called Sat-
patia.
Satpatia Luffa. PI. tr.
14 L. pa'rvula (Hamilt. ex Wall. cat. no. 67 58.) roughish ;
leaves 5-7-lobed; lobes acuminated, mucronately denticulated ;
female peduncles 1-flowered, solitary ; fruit long, downy when
young. ©. H. Native of the East Indies, in Puraniya.
Small Luffa. PI. tr.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a hot-bed, and afterwards treat the
plants as recommended for ridging out cucumbers.
VI. BENINCA'SA (in honour of Count Benincasa, an Ita-
lian nobleman). Savi, mem. cucurb. 1818. p. 6. with a figure.
Delile, mem. acad. sc. par. 1824. 7. p. 395. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 303.
Lin. syst. Po/ygcimia, Monoecia. Flowers polygamous,
monoecious, solitary, yellow. Segments of the calyx short,
broad, with undulated, toothed margins. Stamens in 3 bundles
in the male flow'ers, divaricate. Petals obovate-roundish, curled,
and undulated ; anthers very irregular, with distant convolutions.
Female flowers with the stamens as in the males, but usually
nearly abortive. Stigmas very thick and irregular. Seeds with
thickish margins.
1 B. cerifera (Savi, 1. c.) plant very hairy, with a musky
scent ; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed ; lobes acutish and
crenated ; tendrils simple ; fruit ovate-cylindrical, woolly, pen-
dulous, green. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Cucurbita
cerifera, Fisch. cat. hort. Gorenk. ex Savi, 1. c. B. cylindrica,
Hortul. Cumbulam, Rheed. mal. 8. p. 5. t. 3. The fruit is
either short or long, but always covered with numerous fragile
hairs, and clothed with glaucous, glittering bloom. Flowers
sometimes hermaphrodite.
Wax-bearing Benincasa. FI. May, Jul. Clt. 1827. PI. tr.
Cult. Sow the seeds on a hot-bed in spring ; and afterwards
treat the plants as in ridging out cucumbers.
VII. ERYTHROPA'LUM (from epvOpog, erythros, red, and
rraXog, joalos, a shaking; application not evident). Blum, bijdr.
p. 921. D. C. prod. 3. p. 303.
Lin. syst. Monoecia , Pentandria. Flowers monoecious,
perhaps only from abortion. Limb of calyx obsoletely 5-
toothed. Petals 5, ovate, alternating with the teeth of the
30
CUCURBITACE^E. VIII. Turia. IX. Bryonia.
calyx, bicallous at the base inside. Stamens 5, opposite the
petals, borne at the margin of the tube ; filaments short; anthers
erect, dehiscing at the side. Style short. Fruit clavate, 1-
eelled, 3-valved ; valves fleshy, partible into two. Seed one
coated.
1 E. sca'ndens (Blum, bijdr. p. 922.) shrub climbing; leaves
stalked, rather peltate, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, gla-
brous ; peduncles branched, axillary ; pedicels rather umbellate.
S. Native of the East India Islands, on the mountains,
particularly in Java, where it is called Aroy nuat Ban hong by
the natives.
Climbing Erythropalum. Shrub cl.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or vegetable
mould, will suit this plant ; and cuttings will grow freely in the
same kind of soil, if placed in heat.
VIII. TU RIA (Arabic name of one of the species). Forsk.
fl. segypt. p. 165. no. 35. Lam. diet. 8. p. 139. D. C. prod.
3. p. 303.
Lin. syst. Monoecia, Pentdndria. Flowers monoecious,
male ones umbellate. Calyx 5-parted ; segments lanceolate,
spreading. Corolla 5-petalled, rotate, yellow. Stamens 5,
erect, filiform, in 3 bundles; anthers irregularly curled ; rudi-
ment of germ half globose. Female flowers having the calyx
and corolla as in the male, but with the stamens castrated.
Gerrnen cylindrical, thickened. Stigmas 3, 2-lobed. Fruit
cylindrical ? attenuated, villous, wai ted.
1 T. cylindrica (Forsk. 1. c.) stems twining, 5-angled, sca-
brous ; leaves palmate ; lobes toothed ; tendrils trifid ; fruit
terete, attenuated at both ends, villous, crowned by the style
and calyx. — Native of Arabia Felix. Gmel syst. nat. 1. p. 403.
ex Lam. diet. 8. p. 140. Flowers yellow.
Cylindrical-fruhed Turia. PI. tw.
2 T. Leloja (Forsk. 1. c. p. 165.) stem striated, mealy;
leaves 3-lobed, cordate at the base ; lobes angular, middle one
longest, but not lobed ; fruit conical, glabrous ; seeds size of a
small pea. If. F. Native ,of Arabia. Gmel. syst. nat. 1.
p. 403. ex Lam. diet. 8. p. 140. Leloja is the Arabian name
of the plant. Flowers green.
Leloja Turia. PI. tw.
3 T. corda'ta (Lam. diet. 8. p. 140.) leaves cordate, angular,
ciliated, 2 inches long. — Native of Arabia Felix. The fruit,
when matured, opens at top by a lid, and ejects its seeds with
force. Forsk. fl. aegypt. p. 166.
Cordate-leaved Turia. PI. trailing.
4 T. GIjef (Forsk. 1. c. p. 166.) stem 6-angled, scabrous;
leaves 3-lobed, denticulated, scabrous on both surfaces ; fruit
ovate, 10-furrowed, glabrous. — Native of Arabia. Flowers
small, green. Fruit smaller than a nut, greyish at maturity,
dehiscing, with revolute valves. Gijef is the Arabic name of
the plant.
Gijef Turia. PI. trailing.
5 T. Mo'giiadd (Forsk. aegypt. 1. c.) stem terete, smooth;
leaves 3-lobed, quite entire ; lateral lobes somewhat 3-lobed ;
fruit oval-oblong, quite glabrous. — Native of Arabia Felix.
Flowers large, white. Immature fruit green, spotted w ith white,
but when mature yellow and eatable. Moghadd is the Arabian
name of the species.
Moghadd Turia. PI. trailing.
Cult. See Cucurbita, p. 41. for culture and propagation.
IX. BRYO'NIA (from j3pvti>, bryo, to sprout up ; in reference
to the rapid growth of the annual stems, or because the species
raise themselves by laying hold of other shrubs with their ten-
drils). Lin. gen. no. 1480. Juss. gen. p. 394. Gaertn. fruct.
t. 88. D. C. prod. 3. p. 30 1-. Solena, Lour, cocli. Cucumis
species of some authors. Cucumeroides, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 485.
t. 180. f. 4.
Lin. syst. Monoecia, Polyadelphia. Flowers monoecious
or dioecious. Petals joined at the base. Male flowers with a
5-toothed calyx. Stamens in 3 bundles ; anthers flexuous.
Female flowers with a trifid style. Fruit ovate or globose,
smooth ; perhaps always few-seeded. Seeds ovate, hardly com-
pressed, more or less margined. Tendrils simple, rarely forked.
* Leaves angular.
1 B. rostra'ta (Rottl. nov. act. berol. 4. p. 212. and Willd.
spec. 4. p. 616.) stem filiform, furrowed ; leaves cordate, obtuse,
denticulated, scabrous ; peduncles axillary, solitary ; fruit ovate,
angular, acuminated. ®. F. Native of Tranquebar. Fruit
the size of a pea. Plant scabrous, but when cultivated it be-
comes smooth in every part. The root of this species is pre-
scribed in India internally in electuary, in cases of piles.
iiostrote-fruited Bryony. PI. cl.
2 B. Perrotetia'na (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 304.)
tendrils simple, capillary ; leaves broadly cordate, ungulate, ses-
sile, villous, scabrous, with undulated margins ; male flowers
twin, on pilose peduncles : female flowers sessile ; fruit ending
in a long taper point, sessile, clothed with very long and very
numerous hairs ; seeds compressed, bay-coloured, granularly
edged, and covered with adpressed hairs. Tf.S. Native of
Senegal. Flowers white.
Perrotet's Bryony. PI. cl.
3 B. mucrona'ta (Blume, bijdr. p. 923.) leaves cordate-
ovate, mucronate, rather angular, and repandly denticulated,
scabrous from dots above, and smooth beneath; flowers in fas-
cicles, dioecious ; berry oval. If. . S. Native of the East In-
dies, on the mountains, where it is called Pariagengie by the
natives.
Far. f3, denticulata (Ser. in D.C. prod. 3. p. 304.) leaves all
undivided, obsoletely denticulated ; fruit usually contracted in
the middle. If . S. Growing among bushes about Buitenzorg
in Java.
Mucronate-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
4 B. scabra (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves cordate, angular,
toothed, beset with callous dots above and with pili beneath,
therefore scabrous on both surfaces ; flowers umbellate ; fruit
globose ; seeds smooth. If. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. The tender shoots of this plant are aperient, having
been previously roasted.
Scabrous Bryony. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1774. PI. cl.
5 B. verrucosa (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 285. ed. 2.
vol. 5. p. 246.) leaves cordate, angular, beset with callous dots
beneath as well as on the veins above ; tendrils usually simple ;
fruit globose, nearly sessile. If- - G. Native of the Canary
Islands. Willd. spec. 4. p. 616. Fruit the size of a sloe.
Warted- leaved Bryony. Clt. 1779. PI. cl.
6 B. scabra'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 923.) leaves cordate, cuspi-
date, undivided, and somewhat angular, denticulated, scabrous
above, rough on the veins beneath ; flowers monoecious ; umbels
on short peduncles; fruit globose. — Native of the East Indies,
on the mountains, particularly in Java. Cucurbita scabra, Blum,
cat. hort. buit. no. 105. Aroy lcorreg kottok of the Javanese.
Allied to B. scabra and B. Japonica.
Rough Bryony. PI. cl.
7 B. puncta'ta (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves cordate, angular,
callous above, and pilose beneath ; peduncles 1 -flowered. If. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Dotted-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
8 B. repa'nda (Blum, bijdr. p. 923.) leaves cordate, cuspi-
date, repandly denticulated, scabrous above and puberulous be-
neath ; umbels pedunculate ; flow ers dioecious ; berries globose.
CUCURBITACE/E. IX. Bryonia.
31
"2/ . S. Native of Java, in the higher mountain woods of Bu-
rangrang.
Repand-\eeived Bryony. PI. cl.
9 B. corda'ta (Thunb. in Hoffhn. phyt. blatt. 5. ex Pers.
ench. 2. p. 594.) leaves cordate, scabrous, denticulated ; flowers
axillary, twin. S. Native country unknown. B. Thun-
bergiana, Dietr. ex Steud. nom.
Heart- leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
10 B. angula'ta (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves 5-angled, sca-
brous on both surfaces ; flowers umbellate. 1/ . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope.
Angular -\e&xed Bryony. PI. cl.
11 B. leucoca'rpa (Blume, bijdr. p. 924.) leaves ovate-ob-
long, acuminated, deeply cordate at the base, somewhat repandly
denticulated, beset with rough dots above, paler beneath ; pe-
duncles usually twin, few-flowered ; flowers monoecious ; ber-
ries globose. 7/. S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount
Salak.
White-fruited Bryony. PI. cl.
12 B. acuta'ngula (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves angular,
entire, smooth, glabrous. 1/.. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Acute-angled- leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
13 B. gra'ndis (Lin. mant. p. 126.) leaves cordate, lobed,
beset with callous dots above and glandular at the base beneath :
terminal lobe obtuse ; tendrils simple ; fruit oblong, prickly at
the base ; prickles few, refiexed (ex icon. Burm.) reddish. If. .S.
Native of the East Indies. Lour. coch. 595. — Rumph. amb. 5.
t. 166. f. 1. Peduncles 1-flowered. Flowers large, whitish,
androgynous. Berries red.
Great Bryony. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1783. PI. cl.
14 B. Moimoi (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 305.) leaves
cordate, 5-angled, acutely denticulated : terminal angle elon-
gated and acute ; tendrils simple ; fruit prickly at the base ;
prickles few, reflexed ; fruit red. . S. Native of Ceylon
and of Senegal, in hedges, in which last place it is called Moimoi,
according to Adanson. Seneg. p. 159. Burm. zeyl. t. 19. f. 1.
Flowers large, white.
Moimoi Bryony. PI. cl.
15 B. gemina'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 924.) leaves ovate-cordate,
or somewhat hastate, bluntish, obsoletely denticulated, scabrous
from dots ; flowers pedunculate, twin, monoecious ; berries oval.
If. S. Native of Java, about Linga-jattie at the foot of Mount
Tjerimai, where it is called IVawaluhan by the natives.
Troira-fiowered Bryony. PI. cl.
16 B. Cochinchine'nsis (Lour. coch. 595.) leaves 5-angled,
rough; flowers monoecious, large, axillary, solitary, on long
peduncles; fruit ovate, acutish at both ends, 10-angled, red,
smooth ; seeds oblong-ovate, compressed, smooth. 11 . G.
Native of Cochin-china, in hedges. Flowers white.
Cochin-china Bryony. PI. cl.
17 B. Abyssi'nica (Lam. diet. 1. p. 497.) stem villous at the
apex ; tendrils simple ; leaves cordate, toothed, large, soft,
nearly glabrous : upper ones angularly-lobed ; petioles and pe-
duncles very villous ; flowers twin, yellow ; fruit unknown.
G. Native of Abyssinia and neighbouring parts of Africa.
Abyssinian Bryony. PI. cl.
18 B. Japonica (Thunb. jap. p. 325.) leaves cordate, undi-
vided, and angular, toothed, green above, and beset with very
minute hairs : pale beneath, and beset with scaly dots. 7/ . G.
Native of Japan, near Nagasaki.
Japan Bryony. PI. cl.
19 B. sagitta'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 925.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, sagittate, glaucescent beneath ; male peduncles subumbel-
late, female ones 1-flowered. %. S. Native of Java, about
Batavia, in humid bushy places. Allied to D. heterophylla and
B. umbellala.
Sagittate-\euxed Bryony. PI. cl.
20 B. Blu'mei (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 305.) leaves
ovate-cordate, or cordately-sagittate, acuminated, repandly den-
ticulated, scabrous ; flowers monoecious, male ones umbellate,
female ones solitary ; berries oblong. %. S. Native of Java,
near Batavia, among bushes. B. heterophylla, Blum, bijdr.
p. 925., but not of Steud. Allied to B. marginata.
Blume' s Bryony. PI. cl.
21 B. margina'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 924.) leaves cordate-ovate,
acuminated, rather angular at the base, obsoletely denticulated,
marginate, rough ; umbels on long peduncles ; berries oblong.
11 . S. Native of Java, about Rompien, where it is called Korro-
ronteng Kambien by the natives.
Marginate-leaxed Bryony. PI. cl.
22 B. umbella'ta (Klein ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 618.) leaves
oblong-cordate, glabrous on both surfaces, dotted above, re-
motely denticulated, rather angular at the base : upper ones
hastately 2-lobed ; peduncles axillary, umbellate; fruit unknown.
1£. S. Native of the East Indies. B. Teedonda, Roxb. B.
hastata, Lour. coch. 594.? — Rheed. mal. 8. p. 51. t. 26.?
Flowers white. Berries red.
Umbel late-doxvered Bryony. PI. cl.
23 B. amplexicauT-is (Lam. diet. 1. p. 496.) stem angular,
glabrous ; leaves smooth, cordate, rather angular, stem-clasping,
dotted, and glaucous beneath ; upper leaves generally narrowly
3-lobed ; flowers small, solitary, axillary, pedunculate; fruit
solitary, acuminated, smooth. % . S. Native of the East
Indies, Flowers white.
Stem-clasping leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
24 B. ? iieterophy'lla (Steud. nom. p. 123.) lower leaves
cordate, upper ones cordate or denticulated ; tendrils solitary ;
flowers solitary, pedunculate, hermaphrodite ; fruit scarlet ;
seeds blackish. If.. S. Native of Cochin-china and China.
Solena heterophylla, Lour. coch. p. 514. Flowers pale.
Variable -leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
25 B. pube'scens (Poir. diet, suppl. 1. p. 731.) stem pilose;
leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed ; lobes acute, with spiny
teeth ; petioles villous ; tendrils long, much branched ; flowers
small, white, downy, umbellate. !{.. G. Native of the Levant.
Flowers whitish.
Downy Bryony. PI. cl.
26 B. Maderaspata'na (Berg. pi. cap. p. 351.) stem angu-
lar, cirrhose, glabrous ; leaves cordate, oblong, acupainated,
toothed, scabrous from small callose dots above, hairy beneath ;
stipulas ? awl-shaped, solitary ; flowers twin, axillary. ©. S.
Native of the East Indies. Cucumis Maderaspatana, Lin. spec.
1438. — Pluk. aim. t. 170. f. 2.
Madras Bryony. PI. cl.
27 B. heder,efolia (Jacq. fragm. 73. no. 230. t. 113.) dio-
ecious ; root thick, fleshy ; stem terete, glabrous, with the in-
ternodes distant ; tendrils very long, simple ; leaves cordate,
somewhat 5-angled, quite entire, rather wrinkled above, and
hispid beneath ; racemes simple, many-flowered ; calycine seg-
ments of the male flowers lanceolate and acute ; lobes of the
corolla ovate, acute, yellowish. 7/. S. Native of Teneriflfe.
Flowers yellowish.
Ivy-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
28 B. ALTHA201DES (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 306.) stem
filiform, furrowed, rough, with the internodes longer than the
leaves; tendrils simple, narrow, and spirally twisted; leaves
cordate, lanceolate, on short petioles, somewhat 5-angled, bluntly
toothed, clothed with a kind of rough tomentum beneath ; ter-
minal lobe elongated ; fruit thin, globose, sessile, smooth ; seeds
wrinkled from dots, girded by a slender zone. 7/ . S. Native
of the island of Timor. Flowers white,
Althceu-like Bryony. PI. cl.
29 B. ? bemjncul6sa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 306.)
32
CUCURBIT ACEjE. IX. Bryonia.
plant pilose ; stem filiform, striated, having distant internodes ;
tendrils bifid ; leaves on long petioles, cordate, long-acuminated,
crenately toothed, beset with long, distant hairs ; flowers large,
in loose racemes ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; pedicels
long, pilose; fruit unknown. 7/. G. Native of Nipaul.
Long-peduncled Bryony. PI. cl.
30 B. Riie'edii (Blum, bijdr. p. 925.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, oblong, cordate, rather angular at the base, remotely den-
ticulated, smoothish, dotted above, glaucous beneath ; upper
leaves hastately 3-lobed ; male pedicels disposed in dense ra-
cemes, 1 -flowered, bearing one bractea in the middle of each,
female pedicels solitary, 1-flowered. 7/. S. Native of Java and
Malabar, on the mountains. Rheed. mal. 8. t. 26. The plant
is called Aroy-hui-Walleh by the natives of Java.
Rlieede’s Bryony. PI. cl.
* * Leaves lobed.
31 B. epig^'a (Rottl. in nov. act. berol. 4. p. 223.) stem fur-
rowed, glabrous ; leaves coriaceous, somewhat cordately 3-lobed,
obsoletely denticulated, rough : lateral lobes somewhat 2-lobed,
intermediate one elongated, acuminated ; flowers monoecious,
male ones umbellate, female ones solitary ; berries globose.
. S. Native of Java, about Rompien, in corn fields. Willd.
spec. 4. p. 610. — Blum, bijdr. p. 925, Corro-konteng of the
natives of Java. The root of this species was once supposed to
be the famous colomba-root, to which it approaches very nearly
in quality.
Earth Bryony. Clt. 1815. PI. cl.
32 . B. scabre'lla (Lin. suppl. 424.) stem muricated, hispid ;
leaves 3-lobed, toothed, callosely hispid on both surfaces : lateral
lobes dilated, angular, intermediate one elongated ; petioles hispid ;
flowers axillary, nearly sessile, numerous ; fruit nearly globose,
beset with a few obverse strigae ; seeds muricated. ©. F.
Native of the East Indies. Willd. spec. 4. p. 619. Baboon
tengang of the Hindoos. Flowers yellow. Habit of Melblhria.
Var. a; leaves smaller; seeds tuberculated. Blume, 1. c.
Far. ; leaves coarsely toothed, as in the preceding variety,
and beset with setaceous strigae ; berries elliptic-globose. Blume,
1. c.
Roughish Bryony. FI. May, July. Clt. 1781. PI. cl.
33 B. latebrosa (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 384. ed.
2. vol. 5. p. 347.) leaves somewhat 3-lobed, pilose, attenuated
at the base, hardly cordate, running down the petiole on one side
only. 1£.G. Native of the Canary Islands. Flowers whitish.
Dark Bryony. FI. June. Clt. 1779. PI. cl.
34 B. triloba'ta (Thunb. prod. 13. but not of Lour.) leaves
3-lobed, smooth above, and scabrous beneath. 7£. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.
Three- lobed-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
35 B. stipula'cea (Willd. spec. 4. p. 620.) stem shrubby?
furrowed ; tendrils trifid ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, toothed, gla-
brous, smooth on both surfaces ; stipulas roundish, concave,
serrated; flowers monoecious, solitary; fruit ovate, acutish, gla-
brous, yellow, 5-celled, many-seeded. 1(.G. Native of Cochin-
china. B. triloba, Lour. coch. p. 595. but not of Thunb. B.
agrestis, Raeusch. ex Steud. nom. plian. p. 123. Flowers white.
Far. (3; perpusilla (Blum, bijdr. p. 926.) leaves membra-
nous, deeply cordate, 3-lobed, obsoletely denticulated, scabrous
from dots above, smooth beneath : lateral lobes rather angular,
intermediate one elongated, acuminated ; flowers umbellate,
monoecious ; fruit pea-formed. 1/ . S. Cucurbita perpusilla,
Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 105. Native of Java, in the shady
parts of mountains. The plant is called Hampru Bogor, and
Korres koda by the Javanese.
Large- stipuled Bryony. PI. cl.
36 B. America'na (Lam. diet. 1. p.498.) root thick; stem
angular ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, angular, wrinkled, with spine-
formed teeth ; lobes of corolla narrow, white inside ; fruit ovate,
red, few-seeded ; seeds compressed. 7/ . S. Native of the An-
tillis. — Plum. spec. 3. icon. p. 66. ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 620.
American Bryony. PI. cl.
37 B. Guinee'nsis ; leaves cordate, petiolate, 5-lobed ; lobes
acute, toothed ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered ; tendrils
axillary. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers red.
Guinea Bryony. PI. tw.
38 B. cordifolia (Lin. spec. p. 1438.) leaves cordate, oblong,
5-lobed, toothed, scabrous, bidentate at the top of the petiole.
"11. S. Native of Ceylon. Flowers white. The root of this
plant is considered cooling, and to possess virtues in complaints
requiring expectorants.
Heart-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
39 B. a'lba (Lin. spec. p. 621.) stem climbing; leaves cor-
date, 5-lobed, toothed, scabrous from callous dots ; terminal
lobe hardly longer than the rest ; tendrils twin ; flowers race-
mose, monoecious ; stamens distinct ; fruit globose, black ;
seeds unknown. 7/ . H. Native of Europe, in woods and
hedges, as in Sweden, Denmark, and Carniola. Lam. ill. t. 769.
FI. dan. t. 813. Flowers whitish or yellowish.
Black-berried white Bryony. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1807. Pi ck
40 B. dioi'ca (Jacq. fl. austr. t. 199.) stem climbing: leaves
cordate, palmately 5-lobed, toothed, scabrous from callous points ;
terminal lobe the longest and very dissimilar, perhaps always ;
tendrils simple ; flowers racemose, dioecious ; filaments pilose at
the base ; fruit globose, red ; seeds obovate -globose, rather
compressed, grey, variegated with black. 1(. H. Native of
Europe, in hedges ; plentiful in England, particularly in calca-
reous counties. Smith, engl. bot. t. 439. Mill, fig t. 71. —
Blackw. herb. t. 37. B. alba, Huds. 437. Wood. med. bot. t.
189. Flowers white, with elegant green ribs and veins. The
root grows sometimes to an immense size ; it is a famous hydro-
gogue, and highly purgative and acrid, a drachm of it in sub-
stance, or half an ounce of it infused in wine, is said to be a full
dose ; others give 2 drachms in dropsical cases. As a purgative
it has great effect on some, while on others it has hardly any ;
but it frequently becomes diuretic and diaphoretic. A cold in-
fusion in water is used externally in sciatic pains. A cataplasm
of it is a most powerful diseutient The best season to take up
the roots for use is in autumn. It is called in English, white
wild vine, wild hops, white Bryony, wild nep, Tetter -berry.
Far. (3, lulea (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves deeply
lobed ; lateral lobes nearly linear, terminal one lanceolate, bi-
dentate laterally; fruit and seeds yellow. 1£. H. Native of
Auvergne, in hedges and woods.
Z)ioecioi«-flowered or red- berried white Bryony. Fl. May,
Sept. Britain. PI. cl.
41 B. nitida (Link. enum. 2. p. 40 4.) leaves cordate, 5-lobed,
apiculated, scabrous from hairs : peduncles umbelliferous. 7/ .
FL Native country unknown.
Shining Bryony. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. cl.
42 B. Cre'tica (Lin. spec. 1439.) root fleshy ; stems climb-
ing ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, quite entire, ciliated, muricated on
both surfaces : terminal lobe the largest ; tendrils simple, spiral ;
flowers dioecious : female ones axillary, twin ; fruit globose,
red ; seeds smooth, obovate. ©. H. Native of Candia. Desf.
coroll. p. 91. t. 70. ann. mus. 12. t. 17. Flowers pale.
Cretan Bryony. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1759. PI. cl.
43 B. quinque'loba (Thunb. prod. 13.) flowers dioecious;
leaves 5-lobed, scabrous above ; lobes very blunt, mucronately
toothed, auricled behind ; tendrils simple ; peduncles of male
flowers 1-flowered, twin; calyx broadly campanulate, and
acutely toothed ; corolla campanulate, half 5-cleft ; fruit un-
known. 7 1 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker,
bot. reg. 82. Sims, bot. mag. 1820. Flowers brown.
Five-lobed-]ea.\ed Bryony. Fl. June, Oct. Clt.? PI. cl.
CUCURBITACE./E. IX. Bryonia. X. Sicyos.
33
44 B. Nipaule'nsis (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 307.)
stems numerous ; leaves palmately 5-lobed, scabrous above,
smooth beneath ; lobes narrow, very acute, almost entire : ter-
minal one very long : lateral ones divaricate, lower ones very
short or wanting ; petioles short ; male flowers in fascicles, nu-
merous, small ; peduncles unequal; fruit unknown. ©.? H.
Native of Nipaul.
Nipaul Bryony. PI. cl.
45 B. ficifolia (Lam. diet. 1. p. 498.) leaves 5-lobed, some-
what denticulated; lobes deep, obtuse; petioles and stem hispid.
"g. G. Native of Buenos Ayres. B. Bonariensis, Mill. diet.
— Dill. hort. elth. p. 58. t. 50. f. 58. Flowers whitish.
Fig-leaved Bryony. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. cl.
46 B. ? acu'ta (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 360.) stem slender ; leaves
somewhat 7-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, acute, entire, or toothed ;
tendrils simple ; male peduncles many-flowered ; calycine seg-
ments narrow, acute; 'fruit unknown. %. H. Native of the
kingdom of Tunis, in hedges. Corolla campanulate, spreadingly
5-cleft, twice the size of that of B. alba.
Acute-lohed Bryony. PI. cl.
47 B. variega'ta (Mill, diet.) leaves palmate, with lanceolate
segments, which are dotted above and smooth beneath. 1/ . S.
Native of America. Fruit ovate, scattered.
Variegated Bryony. PI. cl.
48 B. macrophy'lla (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 308 ) stem
thick, striated ; leaves cordate, lobed ; angles cut ; lobes toothed ;
petioles long ; male flowers large, racemose, on long peduncles :
female ones solitary, pedunculate ; fruit oblong, pilose. % . S.
Native country unknown. Leaves large, size of those of the
common vine.
Large-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
* * * Leaves palmate.
49 B. racemosa (Mill. diet, and Swartz, prod. 116. fl. ind.
occid. 2. p. 1148.) lower leaves rather palmate, upper ones 8-
lobed and undivided ; segments of the leaves ovate ; flowers
racemose; pedicels rather secund ; fruit oval. 11 . S. Native
of Jamaica and St. Domingo, in woods and hedges. — Plum,
amer. 83. t. 97. Root oblong, fleshy. Flowers yellowish.
Racemose-d owered Bryony. PI. cl.
50 B. pinnatifida (Burch, cat. geogr. no. 2098. voy. 1.
p. 547.) leaves ternately pedate, with pinnatifid lobes, and
linear and oblong, obtuse, veinless segments. TJ. . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.
Pinnatifd-leaved Bryony. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. cl.
51 B. xenuifolia (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in hot.
misc. 3. p. 234.) leaves 3-parted ; segments bipinnatifid ; female
peduncles solitary, simple, equal in length to the petioles ; fruit
oval, smooth, 2-seeded. %. G. Native of Chili, in the
Pampas, in the province of Cordova ; and in sandy places near
Santa Fe, and also of Buenos Ayres. The vernacular name of
the plant is Agi del Torvo.
Fine-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
52 B. LAt'vts (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves cordate, palmate,
serrated, smooth ; flowers axillary, rather umbellate. 1/ . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Smooth Bryony. PI. cl.
53 B. palma'ta (Lin. spec. 1438.) leaves cordate, palmate,
smooth, 5-parted, with lanceolate, repandly serrated segments,
lateral segments the shortest ; fruit large, globose. 'Vr. S. Na-
tive of Ceylon.
Palmate- leaved Bryony. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1778. PI. cl.
54 B. ? Garcini (Willd. spec. 4. p. 623.) leaves palmately 5-
parted, with roundish-obovate, toothed lobes, scabrous above ;
stipulas, (probably bracteas,) kidney-shaped and ciliated. % . S.
VOL. III.
Native of Ceylon. Burm. fl. ind. 311. t. 57. f. 3. Sicyos
Garcini, Lin. mant. 297. Perhaps a species of Mombrdica.
Garcin’s Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. cl.
55 B. alceasfolia (Willd. 1. c. p. 624.) leaves palmately 5-
parted : with linear-lanceolate, 3-parted lobes, having scabrous
margins; tendrils simple ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. 1£.S.
Native of the East Indies.
Hollyhock-leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
56 B. laciniosa (Lin. spec. 624.) leaves palmately 5-parted,
cordate, rough, and blistered : with oblong-lanceolate, acuminated,
serrated segments ; petioles muricated ; peduncles 1 -flowered,
muricated ; corollas hairy inside, or tomentose, but smooth on
the outside ; fruit the size of a cherry, striated with white ;
seeds obovate, circled by a longitudinal elevated zone. S.
Native of Ceylon. Herm. hort. lugd. 95. t. 97. Aroy-peria-
ginge of the Hindoos. Flowers yellow.
Jagged-leaved Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. cl.
57 B. ? cucumeroides (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 308.) seeds
rusty, transversely oblong, surrounded by a very thick dotted
zone. 1£. S. Native country unknown. Cucumeroides, Thunb.
ex Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 485.
Cucumber-like Bryony. PI. cl.
58 B. Africa'na (Thunb. prod. 13. but not of Lin.) root
tuberous ; upper leaves palmately 5-parted ; lobes oblong,
deeply toothed ; lower leaves cordate, having the angles toothed.
%. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. spec. 4. p.
624. — Herm. par. 107. t. 108. Male flowers in subumbellate
panicles. Fruit mucronate.
African Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. cl.
59 B. na'na (Lam. diet. 1. p. 497.) stems slender; lower
leaves roundish-cordate, quite entire : upper ones deeply 3-lobed ;
lobes obtuse. 1(.S. Native of Africa.
Dwarf Bryony. PI. cl.
60 B. disse'cta (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 497.) leaves palmately
5-parted : with linear pinnatifid segments, having revolute sca-
brous margins; male flowers? umbellate; fruit solitary,
roundish, mucronate, bluntly angular, yellow ; seeds 3-4. 1/ .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. spec. 4. p.
625. B. Africana, Lin. spec. 1438. Flowers white ? Probably
distinct from the preceding species.
Dissected- leaved Bryony. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. cl.
61 B. digita'ta (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves digitate: with
linear 2-lobed scabrous segments ; flowers umbellate. 1/ . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Digitate- leaved Bryony. PI. cl.
62 B. Wallichia'na (Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 309.)
stem filiform, striated ; leaves nearly sessile, sagittate, rugged
from warts ; terminal lobe lanceolate-linear, very long, some-
what denticulated ; lateral lobes oblong, reflexed, remotely den-
ticulated ; male flowers in fascicles, numerous, on short pe-
duncles ; fruit unknown. 1/. G. Native of Nipaul. B. fili-
formis, Roxb.
Wallich’s Bryony. PI. cl.
Cult. The hardy perennial species are plants of easy culture,
only requiring to be planted in the ground. The stove peren-
nial species should be grown in pots, and the stems trained up the
rafters. The seeds of annual kinds require to be sown in a hot-
bed in spring, and when the plants are of sufficient size may
be planted out in a sheltered situation. All the species are pro-
pagated by seeds. None of them are worth growing, except in
botanic gardens.
X. STCYOS (from oikvoc, sicyos, the Greek name for the
cucumber; resemblance and affinity). Lin. gen. no. 1481.
Juss. gen. no. 394. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 45. t. 88. f. 1. Sicyoides,
Tourn. inst. 103. t. 28.
F
34
CUCURBITACEjE. X. Sicyos. XI. Elaterium.
Lin. syst. Moncecia, Polyadelphia. Flowers monoecious ; male
ones with a 5-toothed calyx, and a 5-parted corolla ; teeth of
calyx subulate. Filaments 3 ? or more probably 5, in 3 bundles.
Female flowers with a trifid style, and a thickish trifid stigma.
Fruit 1-seeded from abortion, usually beset with spines. Seed
obovate. Male and female peduncles many-flowered, usually
rising together from the same axillae.
1 S. anguea'tus (Lin. spec. 1438.) leaves cordate, angular,
denticulated, scabrous ; lobes 3-5, acuminated ; tendrils umbel-
late ; male flowers in corymbose heads, each head on a long
common peduncle ; female flowers sessile, in bundles at the tops
of the peduncles ; fruit ovate, spinescent, and tomentose ; seeds
truncate at the base, and very blunt at the apex. ©. F. Native
of North America. Lam. ill. t. 796. f. 2. — Dill. elth. 58. t. 51.
f. 59. Flowers sulphur-coloured. Fruit beset with yellow
spines, and curling tomentum.
Angular-\ea.ved Single-seeded Cucumber. FI. June, July.
Clt. 1710. Pl.tr.
2 S. bryoni^ef6lius (Moris, hort. taur. sem. 1831.) leaves cor-
date and angular, denticulated, hispid below ; teeth of calyx ob-
solete ; capsule clammy and warted. S. Native country
unknown. This species differs from S. angulatus and S. parvi-
Jldrus in the stem being hardly pilose about the joints, the rest
smooth ; in the peduncles being short, the flowers umbellate ;
male ones 5-8 pedicellate, female ones almost sessile.
Bryony-leaved Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. cl.
3 S. parviflorus (Willd. spec. 4. p. 626.) branches glabrous;
leaves cordate, rather angular, denticulated, roughish ; tendrils
trifid ; male flowers racemose, on long pedicels : female ones in
sessile capitate umbels ; fruit crowned by the permanent calyx,
size of an orange ; seeds unknown. ©. F. Native in the tem-
perate parts of mountains about Quito, near Chillo, at the height
of 4000 feet. Not of Mexico, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
2. p. 119. Flowers whitish. Fruit rarely solitary.
Small-flowered Single-seeded Cucumber. FI. June, Sep. Clt.
1823. PI. cl.
4 S. Baderoa (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 234.) leaves
cordate, angular, minutely denticulated, glabrous on both sur-
faces ; angles acuminated ; lobes at the base of the leaf lying
over each other ; tendrils trifid ; flowers few, capitate in both
sexes ; female peduncles one-half shorter than the male ones ;
fruit ovate while young. 7/. w. G. Native about Valpa-
raiso. Baderoa bryoniaefolia, Bertero.
Badero's Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. cl.
5 S. penta'ndrus (Wall. cat. no. 6682.) leaves cordate, denti-
culated ; flowers racemose ; racemes numerous, sometimes ag-
gregate, and branched. T? . S. Native of the East Indies.
Pentandrous Single-seeded Cucumber. Shrub cl.
6 S. De'ppei ; leaves broadly cordate, 7-lobed; lobes acumi-
nated, middle lobe the longest ; margins acutely denticulated,
rough on both surfaces from conical hairs ; male racemes elon-
gated ; fruit glomerate, ovate, nearly glabrous, but beset with
strong retrograde prickles. ©. S. Native of Mexico, near
Jalapa. Flowers smaller than those of S. angulatus, but larger
than those of S. parviflorus. Sicyos, nov. spec. Schlecht. et
Cham, in Linnaea. vol. 5. p. 88. Seeds the size of those of
Citrus medica.
Deppe's Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. tr.
7 S. acu'tus (Rafin, fl. lud. p. 113.) climbing; leaves
lobed ; fruit glomerate, ovate, acute, bristly ; bristles echinated,
interwoven. ©.F. Native of Louisiana.
z/cwte-fruited Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. cl.
8 S. microphyllus (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 2.
p. 119.) branches roughish; leaves sinuately-cordate, 7-lobed,
denticulated, roughish ; tendrils smoothish, trifid ; male flowers
on long peduncles and pedicels ; female flowers in crowded,
8
nearly sessile heads ; fruit echinated from bristle-formed hairs,
size of an apple seed ; seeds unknown. ©. F. Native of
Mexico, on the burning Mount Jorullo, at the height of 1 620 feet.
Small-leaved Single-seeded Cucumber. Fl. July, Sep. Clt.
1823. PI. tr.
9 S. pachyca'rpus (Hook, et Arnott, in Beech, bot. p. 83.)
branches glabrous ; leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed, denticulated, gla-
brous above and papillose, scabrous beneath ; tendrils glabrous,
trifid ; male flowers in panicles ; female ones in crowded heads ;
fruit ovate, rostrate, unarmed. ©. F. Native of the Island of
Oahu, on the Diamond Hill among the volcanic rocks. Allied to
S. microphyllus.
Thick-fruited Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. prostrate.
10 S. vitifolius (Willd. spec. 4. p. 626.) the whole plant
clothed with very fine clammy down ; leaves cordate, with a
roundish recess, 5-lobed, toothed. ©. F. Native country un-
known. Flowers yellow, twice the size of those of S. angulatus.
Vine-leaved Single-seeded Cucumbers. Clt. ? PI. tr.
1 1 S. lacinia'tus (Lin. spec. 1459.) stem glabrous ; leaves cor-
date, palmate, glabrous above, but echinated from stiff hairs be-
neath ; lobes lobulate ; petioles short ; tendrils trifid ; male
flowers somewhat panicled : female ones glomerate, sessile ; pe-
duncles short; fruit very spiny. ©. F. Native of South
America. — Plum. ed. Burm. pi. amer. t. 243. Flowers yellow.
Jagged leaved Single-seeded Cucumber. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1824. PI. tr.
12 S. triqueter (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 3. p. 309.) stem bluntly furrowed ; leaves cordate, 5-
lobed ; lobes broad, obtuse, somewhat denticulated ; tendrils
much branched ; calycine and corolline lobes 3 ? male flowers
racemose, pedunculate, aggregately subverticillate ; female
flowers subumbellate ; fruit elongated, unarmed, triquetrous ;
seed oblong-cylindrical. ©. F. Native of Mexico, in Chil-
appa. Flowers yellow. Fruit 6 lines long, acuminated, some-
what 3-winged.
Triyuetrous-hmted. Single-seeded Cucumber. PI. tr.
Cult. Sow the seeds in the hot-bed in spring, and treat the
plants as directed for Gourds, p. 42. Not worth growing ex-
cept for curiosity.
XI. ELATE'RIUM (from e\aryp, elater, an impeller ; in re-
ference to the elastic seed vessels). Lin. gen. no. 1398. Juss.
gen. p. 394. Jacq. amer. 241. t. 154. D. C. prod. 3. p. 310. —
Momordica, Neck. elem. bot. no. 390.
Lin. syst. Monce cia, Monadelphia. Flowers monoecious,
white or yellow ; male ones disposed in racemes or corymbs ;
calyx petaloid, campanulate, with hardly conspicuous teeth, and
with the corolla hardly gamopetalous. Female flowers solitary,
or rising from the same axils with the males. Calyx elon-
gated, petaloid, echinated at the base, and girding the carpels ;
neck filiform, more or less elongated, at length dilated, and
bearing the corolla and stamens. Style thick ; stigma capitate.
Capsule coriaceous, reniform, echinated, 1 -celled, 2-3-valved,
many-seeded, opening elastically, and ejecting the seeds.
1 E. gemellum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) leaves cordately sub-
sagittate, somewhat 5-angled, with the middle angle acuminated ;
tendrils bifid ; male flowers in long racemes ; neck of calyx
long, campanulate ; petals ovate, acutish ; fruit curved, 3-
celled ; prickles distant. ©. F. Native of Mexico. Moc. et
Sess. fl. mex. icon. ined.
7wm-tendrilled Squirting Cucumber. PI. cl.
2 E. Carthagene'nse (Lin. spec. 1375.) leaves cordate, an-
gular, denticulated, petiolate, rougbish above ; flowers white,
sweet-scented : male ones in panicles : female ones solitary ;
tube of calyx terete above the ovarium, not dilated at the apex ;
petals linear-lanceolate, acute ; fruit kidney-shaped, hispid ;
CUCURBITACEiE. XI. Elaterium. XII. Momordica.
seeds winged? flat, tridentate at the base, ex Kunth. ©• F.
Native of South America, in the hot regions of the province of
Caraccas, on the shore of Lake Tacarigna, in Laguna de Valencia ;
and in the Island of Cura, at the height of 690 feet. Lam. ill.
t. 743. Jacq. amer. 241. t. 154. icon. pict. p. 118. t. 232. Co-
rolla yellow. Fruit size of an olive.
Carthagenian Squirting Cucumber. FI. June, July. Clt. 1823.
PI. cl.
3 E. tamnoides (Willd. enum. p. 950.) leaves cordate, acu-
minated, remotely serrated, smoothish above, and hairy beneath;
flowers yellowish ; female flowers having the tube of the calyx
campanulate above the ovarium ; petals 4-7, ovate ; style very
short ; stigma large, flat ; fruit 2-valved, few-seeded ; seeds un-
known. ©. F. Native of Mexico. E. hastatum, Brouss. but
not of H. B. et Kunth.
Tamus-like Squirting Cucumber. FI. June, July. Clt. 1820.
PI. tr.
4 E. hasta'tum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 120.)
leaves cordately sinuated, triangularly hastate, acuminated, den-
ticulated, rather scabrous above, and glabrous beneath ; tendrils
simple or bifid ; male flowers racemose, pedicellate, minute ;
fruit oblong, reniform, muricated, 2-valved, size of an olive ;
seeds 6, roundish, compressed, tridentate at the base. ©. F.
Native of Mexico, on the declivities of the burning Mount
Jorullo, and the temperate regions near Patzcuara, at the height
of 1620 or 3390 feet. Habit of Melolhria pendula, according
to Kunth.
Hastate- leaved Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr.
5 E. quabrifidum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) stem, peduncles,
petioles, and tendrils downy ; leaves cordate, orbicular, 7-angled ;
tendrils bifid, pilose ; male flowers umbellate ; calyx long,
tubular, articulated towards the base, and dilated at the apex,
with the limb hardly evident ; petals 4, linear-lanceolate, acute ;
female flowers hardly pedunculate, like the male ones ; style fili-
form, crowned by an ovate stigma; fruit very pilose. ©. F.
Native of Mexico. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers
white.
Quadrifid Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr.
6 E. brachysta'chyum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) leaves 3-
lobed, quite entire, ciliated : middle lobe oblong, acuminated ;
flowers cream-coloured ; male ones in spikes ; tube of calyx
campanulate at the apex ; female flowers with a very gibbous
hispid calyx, and a short neck, which is campanulate at the
apex; capsule oblique, incurved, echinated with 8-10 long soft
prickles, 2-3-valved, larger than those of the other species.
©. F. Native of Mexico.
Short-spiked Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr.
7 E. torqua'tum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 310.) leaves somewhat
peltately cordate, 5-lobed, denticulated ; terminal lobe the
longest, and acuminated ; tendrils trifid; flowers greenish-white ;
males ones in racemes : female ones solitary, echinated at the
base, with the neck long and bell-shaped at the apex ; petals
oblong, bluntish ; capsule oblong, 2-valved, acuminated, echi-
nated, with soft prickles. ©. F. Native of Mexico. Fl. mex.
icon. ined.
Collared Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr.
8 E. trifolia'tum (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 47.) leaves ternate, cut.
©. F. Native of Virginia.
Trifoliate-leaved Squirting Cucumber. PI. tr.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a hot-bed in spring, and put the
plants out as directed for Gourds, p. 42.
XII. MOMO RDICA (from mordeo, to bite ; the seeds have
the appearance of being bitten). Lin. gen. no. 1477. Juss.
gen. 395. Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 48. t. 88. f. 4. D. C. prod. 3. p. 311.
— Elaterium and Sicyos species of authors. — Amordica, Neck.
35
elem. bot. no. 392. — Poppya, Neck. 1. c. no. 391. — Ecbalium,
Rich.
Lin. syst. Monce'cia, Polyadelphia. Flowers monoecious,
white or yellow, on filiform unibracteate peduncles, perhaps
always. Male flowers with a 5-cleft calyx, and a very short
tube. Corolla 5-parted. Stamens in 3 bundles ; anthers con-
nate. Female flowers with 3 sterile filaments, or probably 5,
joined in 3 bundles, a trifid style, and a 3-celled ovarium. Fruit
usually muricated, (perhaps always) opening elastically at matu-
rity, and expelling the seeds. Seeds compressed, reticulated,
perhaps always.
1 M. Balsa'mea (Lin. spec. 1453.) leaves palmately 5-lobed,
toothed, glabrous, shining ; fruit roundish-ovate, attenuated at
both ends, angular, tuberculated, orange-coloured, splitting ir-
regularly and laterally ; bractea cordate, toothed, in the middle
of the peduncle ; aril red. ©. F. Native of the East Indies.
Lam. ill. t. 794. f. 1. Charantia, Lob. pempt. t. 670. — Ludvo.
ect. t. 127. — Blackw. herb. 6. t. 539. a. b. Flowers yellow. This
plant is famous in Syria for curing wounds. They cut open the
unripe fruit, and infuse it in sweet oil, and expose it to the sun for
some days until the oil becomes red. It is applied to a fresh
wound on cotton. The Syrians esteem this next to balsam of
Mecca. The plant is also used to form arbours or bowers.
Balsam Apple. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1568. PI. cl.
2 M. murica'ta (Willd. spec. 4. p. 602.) leaves somewhat
palmately 7-lobed, cordate at the base ; lobes remotely toothed,
acuminated ; tendrils almost simple ; fruit ovate, acuminated,
muricated ; bractea cordate, quite entire. ©. F. Native of the
East Indies. Pavel, Rheed. mal. 8. t. 10.
Muricated Momordica. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl.tr.
3 M. Chara'ntia (Lin. spec. 1438.) leaves somewhat pal-
mately 7-lobed, dentate, rather hairy ; tendrils downy; fruit ob-
long, acuminated, angular, tuberculated, copper-coloured or red;
pulp yellow and soft ; bractea cordate, quite entire, below the
middle of the pedicel ; seeds oblong, tuberculated (ex Rumph) ;
arillus of a reddish blood-colour. ©. F. Native of the East
Indies. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2455. — Rheed. mal. 8. p. 17. t. 9.
Papareh of the Hindoos. Corolla yellow. Seeds wrinkled
very irregularly, yellow bay-coloured, and irregularly tubercled
towards the margin. Allied to the preceding species, but very
distinct.
Far. /3, abbreviata (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 311.) fruit
shorter than that of the species, very ventricose, beset with
acute tubercles. M. Zeylanica, Mill. diet. 3. ex Lam. diet. 4.
p. 239.
Charantia or Hairy Momordica. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1710.
PI. cl.
4 M. Roxburghia'na ; downy ; leaves cordate, palmately
7-9-lobed, and lobately toothed ; tendrils simple ; peduncles 1-
flowered, solitary, bearing a bractea under each flower ; fruit
long, muricated. ©. H. Native of the East Indies, in Patna.
M. charantia / 3 of authors. M . muricata, Roxb. but not of Willd.
Roxburgh’s Momordica. PI. tr.
5 M. Senegale'nsis (Lam. diet. 4. p. 239.) leaves deeply
palmate, somewhat serrated, pale and villous beneath ; fruit
ovate, mucronate, tubercular, orange-coloured or red. ©. F.
Native of Senegal.
Senegal Momordica. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. cl.
6 M. cvli'ndrica (Lin. spec. 1433.) stem 5-angled ; leaves
cordate, somewhat lobate, angular, toothed ; flowers yellow ;
fruit cylindrical, very long, rather villous, reticulated ; bractea
quite entire at the base of the pedicel ; seeds black. ©. F.
Native of Ceylon and China. Willd. spec. 4. p. 605. The fruit
of the species, according to Rumphius, does not open elastically,
being composed of so many reticulated tough fibres.
Cylindrical-f ruited Momordica. PI. tr.
f 2
36
CUCURBITACEiE. XII. Momordica.
7 M. Heynea'na (Wall. cat. no. 6744.) leaves 3-lobed, mu-
cronately denticulated ; peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary, furnished
each with a large bractea under the flower, which encloses it
before expansion; tendrils simple. ©.? F. Native of the
East Indies. Flowers large.
Heyne’s Momordica. PI. tr.
8 M. subangula'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 928.) leaves deeply cor-
date, acuminated, rather angular, mucronulately denticulated,
scabrous above ; flowers dioecious ; bractea cordate, quite en-
tire at the top of the peduncle. ©. F. Native of Java, on
Mount Salak, where it is called by the natives Aroy Gambas.
Allied to M. cylindrica and M. dioica. The inflorescence of this
plant agrees with the figure in Rumph. amb. 5. t. 150. ex Blume.
Fruit fibrous.
Angular- leaved Momordica. PI. cl.
9 M. Pai'na (Hamilt. ex Wall. cat. no. 6742.) leaves cordate,
triangular or hastate, sometimes lobed at the base, acuminated at
the apex, coarsely toothed ; tendrils simple ; female peduncles
1 -flowered, solitary ; male ones racemose ; racemes aggregate;
fruit round, beset with a few scattered prickles. ©. F. Native
of the East Indies, in Goyalpara.
Paina Momordica. PI. tr.
10 M. tubiflora (Roxb. ex Wall. cat. 6749.) plant w-hite from
down ; leaves round, angularly and roundly lobed, cordate at
the base; tendrils simple; fruit oblong, acuminated, ribbed;
peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary, bracteate. ©. F. Native of the
East Indies.
Tube-Jlowered Momordica. PI. tr.
11 M. pu'rgans (Mart, reise. bras, ex Linnaea. vol. 5. p.40.)
stems angular, climbing, clothed with resinous farina at top ;
leaves ovate-orbicular, acuminated, with a roundish recess, cor-
date, obsoletely 5-lobed, denticulated ; male corymbs erect,
axillary ; female flowers solitary, axillary, drooping ; fruit ob-
long, crested longitudinally from warts. ©. F. Native of
Brazil.
Purging Momordica. PI. cl.
12 M. opercula'ta (Lin. spec. 1433.) leaves 5-lobed,
toothed ; fruit elliptic, angular, tuberculated, operculated by
a deciduous beak. ©. F. Native of America. Comm. rar.
22. t. 22. ex Lin. and Willd. spec. 4. p. 603. This plant is pro-
bably referrible to the genus Liiffa. The top falling off from
the fruit when it is green.
Zid-fruited Momordica. FI. June, Sep. Clt. 1731. PI. cl.
13 M. elate'rium (Lin. spec. 1434.) plant scabrous, hispid,
and glaucescent ; stems dwarf, without tendrils ; leaves cordate,
somewhat lobed, crenate-toothed, very rugged, on long petioles;
fruit ovate, obtuse, hispid, and scabrous, on long peduncles ; seeds
bay-coloured. 1£.F. or©. H. Native of the south of Europe.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1914. — Blackw. herb. t. 108. Woodv. med.
bot. t. 43. Elaterium cordifolium, Mcench. meth. p. 563. Ec-
balium L. C. Rich. Root thick. Flowers yellow. Fruit green,
expelling the seeds when ripe. Perhaps a proper genus. Dr.
Clutterbuck has lately ascertained that the active principle of
wild cucumber is contained almost exclusively in the juice
around the seeds, and that genuine elaterium is the matter which
subsides spontaneously from the juice obtained without pressure.
He found that the eighth part of a grain thus prepared seldom
failed to purge violently, and of this according to Dr. Barry,
from 55 to 64 per cent, only were soluble in alcohol of 0-809.
The bitter principle found in it is not in itself purgative, but
quickens the action of elatin when combined with it. Elatin is
a new principle obtained by Dr. Barry of a green colour ; it is
purgative in very minute quantities. In medicine a few grains
of elaterium operates as a drastic purgative, and was sometimes
used in dropsies. It is high priced, and seldom used, though
recommended by Dr. Ferriar.
Elaterium or Common Squirting Cucumber. FI. June, July.
Clt. 1548. PI. tr.
14 M. ? Lambertia'na (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 311.) his-
pid ; stems prostrate, flexuous ; tendrils nearly simple ; leaves
cordate-roundish, 5-lobed, denticulated, scabrous; petioles short;
flowers ? fruit solitary, elliptic, pilose ; peduncles short, hispid.
©. F. Native of the East Indies. Ecbalium L. C. Rich. Allied
to M. elaterium, but distinct.
Lambert's Momordica. PI. tr.
15 M. echina'ta (Muhl. ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 605.) leaves
cordate, with 5 lobed angles ; lobes acuminated, quite entire,
glabrous; tendrils multifid; fruit roundish, 4-seeded, echinated
by bristles. ©. H. Native of the western parts of Pennsyl-
vania, near the river Ohio. Sicyos lobata, Michx. amer. 2. p.
217. Fruit roundish, size of a gooseberry, beset with long su-
bulate bristles, very like those of Sicyos, but 4-seeded. Flowers
yellow.
Echinated- fruited Momordica. PI. tr.
16 M. dioIca (Roxb. ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 605.) stem an-
gular, climbing ; leaves cordate, acuminated, toothed, glabrous
on both surfaces ; tendrils filiform ; flowers dioecious ; female
ones solitary; fruit elliptic, muricated. ©. F. Native of the
East Indies.
Zhoeciows-flowered Momordica. PI. cl.
17 M. reniger a (Wall. cat. no. 6743.) leaves cordate, dentate
or distantly and mucronately denticulated ; peduncles long, 1-
flowered, solitary, furnished each with a kidney-shaped hooded
bractea, just below the flower; tendrils simple. If.. S. Native
of the Burman Empire, about Prome.
Kidney-bearing Momordica. PI. cl.
18 M. Hamiltonia'na (Wall. cat. no. 6748.) leaves cordate,
toothed, crenated, acuminated; bractea toothed ; peduncles 1-
flowered, solitary; tendrils simple; fruit hispid. Tj . S.
Native of the East Indies, in Goyapara and Gongachora. Flowers
large.
Hamilton’s Momordica. PI. cl.
19 M. bi'color (Blum, bijdr. p. 928.) leaves deeply cordate,
somewhat 5-angled, bluntish, glabrous, mucronately denticu-
lated, w’ith rather strigose margins (when dry dotted above),
glandular beneath ; flowers dioecious, pedunculate, axillary,
usually 3-together ; fruit oblong, glabrous, variegated with red.
©. F. Native of Java, in calcareous soil near Kuripan, where
it is called Aroy Pupassang by the natives. Nearly allied to M.
dioica.
Var. a ; base of leaves deeply cordate. Native of the Mo-
luccas.
Far. ft ; leaves cordately 3-lobed ; lateral lobes angular.
Native of Java, on Mount Parang.
Two-colour ed-{ ruited Momordica. PI. tr. or cl.
20 M. aculea'ta (Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 723.) stem slender,
climbing; leaves palmately pedate, with 5-7 dentately lobed seg-
ments, having white scattered dots above, but with the nerves
and petioles beset with short prickles beneath ; petioles and
middle nerves clothed with rough reflexed hairs ; male flowers
racemose, on long peduncles ; female flowers solitary, hardly
pedunculate ; fruit subglobose, glabrous, size of a pea. ©. F.
Native country unknowm.
Prickly Momordica. PI. cl.
21 M. iiy'strix (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3.
p. 234.) leaves 5-lobed, glabrous, smooth, somewhat cuneated
at the base ; lobes mucronate, denticulated, middle lobe the
longest ; tendrils simple ; male and female flowers rising from
the same axils : male ones disposed in racemes : female ones soli-
tary, pedunculate ; fruit oblique, ovate, echinated with strong
bristles. ©. F. Native of Buenos Ayres.
Porcupine Momordica. PI. tr.
CUCURBITACEvE. XIII. Neorosperma. XIV. Sechium. XV. Melothria. XVI. Trichosanthes.
37
22 M. lana'ta (Thunb. prod. 13.) leaves ternately pinna-
tifid, scabrous; fruit woolly. ©. F. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope.
Woolly-f ruited Momordica. PI. cl.
23 M. ? sicyoides (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 312.) stems twin-
ing, terete ; tendrils simple ; leaves triangularly cordate, some-
what 5-lobed, serrulated ; female flowers pedunculate, solitary ;
calyx ovate, pilose, with narrow linear segments ; fruit ovate
mucronate, very pilose, of a yellowish orange-colour at matu-
rity; seeds subglobose. ©. F. Native of China — Braan. icon,
chin. t. 12.
Sicyos-like Momordica. PI. tw.
24 M. spica'ta (Lin. mss. ex Smith in Rees’ cycl. vol. 23.)
stems furrowed, rugged; leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, undulated,
rugged from tubercles ; male flowers racemose ; racemes on long
peduncles ; tube of calyx very long ; bracteas dilated, toothed,
scabrous ; female flowers solitary, on short peduncles ; seeds
elliptic, furrowed, hispid. ©. F. Native country unknown.
zS/.t&e-flowered Momordica. PI. cl.
Cult. M. Elaterium and M. Lamhertiana being hardy, their
seeds should be sown in the open border. The seeds of the
rest of the species should be sown on a hot-bed in spring, and
the plants planted out afterwards as directed for Gourds, p. 42.
XIII. NEUROSPERMA (from vevpov, neuron, a nerve,
and (ncepya, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the seeds, which are
reticulated with anastomosing nerves). Rafin. in journ. phys.
et chim. 1819. p. 101. Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 144. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 312.
Lin. syst. Monce'cia, Monadelphia. Flowers monoecious.
Male flowers with a 5-parted calyx : and a 5-parted corolla,
having an undulated erose margin. Stamens 5, diadelphous,
having a gland alternating with each fascicle ; one of the fascicles
bearing 2 anthers, the other trigonal, and bearing 3 anthers.
Anthers sessile, stellate. Female flowers with a parted corolla
and calyx. Ovarium inferior, beset with 8 series of warts.
Style trifid, girded by 3 glands at the base ; stigmas 2-lobed.
Fruit fleshy, 3-celled, but when mature 1 -celled, 3-9-seeded.
Seeds girded by mucilaginous red aril, flat, nerved, with anasto-
mosing veins, and a rugged edge. Perhaps a proper genus.
1 N. cuspida'ta (Rafin. 1. c.) Native of Kentucky, North
America. Perhaps the same as Momordica balsamea ?
Cuspidate Neurosperma. PI. tr.
Cult. See Sicyos p. 34. for culture and propagation.
XIV. SE'CHIUM (from >• S
Native of Brazil.
Far. y, geminifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, hardly cor-
date at the base ; branches triangular ; pedicels twin, f? . S.
Native of Jamaica. P. capsularis, Smith in Rees’ cycl. no. 22.
Capsular Passion-flower. FI. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
43 P. biflora (Lam. diet. 1. no. 36.) leaves glabrous, glan-
dular beneath, cordate at the base, 3-nerved, truncate, some-
what 2 or 3-lobed ; petioles short, glandless ; pedicels twin. T? .
v_/. S. Native of the West India Islands, and South America,
P. lun&ta, Smith, icon. pict. t. 1. Ker, bot. reg. 577. P. Ves-
pertilio, Lawr. pass. t. 8. Flowers white ; rays of crown yel-
low. The Mexican plant differs in the leaves being roundly
cuneated at the base, not cordate, and in the lobes being less
divaricate.
Two-flowered Passion-flower. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. cl.
44 P. Leschenau'ltii (D. C. prod. 3. p. 326.) leaves semi-
orbicular at the base, somewhat truncate at the apex, tricuspi-
date, pubescent on the nerves beneath, glandless ; petioles bi-
glandular in the middle ; peduncles twin, 1-flowered. 7? . S.
Native of the East Indies, among the Neelgherry Mountains,
where it is called by the inhabitants covaymonkou. Bryonia tri-
cuspidata, Lesch. herb. Flowers unknown.
Leschenault’s Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
45 P. Andersonii (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glandular
beneath, cuneately-rounded at the base, 3-nerved, truncate at
the apex, sublimate ; petioles long, glandless ; pedicels twin,
hardly longer than the petioles. T? . S. Native of the Island
of St. Lucia. Flowers party-coloured.
Anderson' s Passion-flower. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1823. Sh. cl.
46 P. Ro'hrii (D. C. 1. c.) leaves nearly glabrous, ovate,
somewhat truncate at the base, 3-nerved, blunt and somewhat
3-lobed at the apex ; petioles biglandular, rather velvety ; pedi-
cels solitary. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne.
Rohr's Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
47 P. penduliflora (Bert, in herb. Balb. ex D. C. 1. c.)
leaves glabrous, roundly obovate, 3-nerved, glandular beneath ;
nerves extending beyond the border of the leaf ; petioles gland-
less ; peduncles solitary or twin, much longer than the petioles,
pendulous, bracteolate beneath the middle. . v^). S. Native
of Jamaica, on the mountains. Flowers pale : threads of crown
few and glandular.
Pendidous-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
48 P. hemicy'cla (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 225.) leaves gla-
brous, glaucous and glandular beneath, 3-nerved at the base,
semicircular, somewhat 3-lobed at the apex ; petioles pubescent,
glandless ; pedicels twin, shorter than the petioles. T? . v_y. S.
Native of Guiana, about Essequibo ; and of Trinidad. Flowers
white.
Half-circular-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1817. Shrub cl.
49 P. vespertilio (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 223. t. 10. fill.) leaves
glabrous, glandular beneath, 1 -nerved, cuneated at the base,
divaricately 2-lobed, rarely somewhat 3-lobed ; petioles very
short, glandless ; pedicels solitary. T? . v_y. S. Native of South
America. — Dill. hort. elth. t. 137. f. 164. Flowers white,
small.
Bat-wing-leaved Passion-flower. FI. May, June. Clt. 1732.
Shrub cl.
50 P. retu'sa (Hook, et Arnott, in bot. misc. 3. p. 235.)
leaves smoothish, higlandular beneath, cuneated at the base, or
rounded, 3-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes mucronulate, middle one
truncate, lateral ones divaricate, prolonged ; petioles glandless ;
peduncles solitary, exceeding the petioles. S. Native
of Brazil, on the banks of the Uraguay ; and at Santa Borga.
Closely allied to P. vespertilio.
Retuse-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
51 P. Maximilia'na (Bory, ann. gen. 1819. vol. 2. p. 149.
t. 24.) leaves glabrous, divaricately 2-lobed, drawn out a little
in the middle, somewhat cordate at the base, red and biglan-
dular beneath ; petioles glandless ; pedicels solitary or twin,
longer than the petioles. 7? . S. Native of Brazil. P. dis-
color, Link et Otto, abh. 1. p. 13. t. 5. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 565.
P. vespertilio, Ker, bot. reg. t. 597. This plant differs from P.
vespertilio in the leaves being cordate at the base, not cuneated,
blood-coloured beneath ; and in the pedicels being three or four
times longer. Flowers greenish ; crown white.
Prince Maximilian's Passion-flower. FI. May, June. Clt.
1800. Shrub cl.
52 P. Jorulle'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
133.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, semiorbicular at the
base, 3-nerved, truncate at the apex, 2-lobed ; petioles puberu-
H
VOL. III.
50
PASSIFLORE7E. III. Passiflora.
lous and glandless ; pedicels twin. ^ • w S. Native of Mexico,
on the burning Mount Jorullo. Flowers greenish ?
Jorullo Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
53 P. sicyoides (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. vol. 5. p.
88.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed, sharply subdentate or quite entire,
glaucous beneath, hairy, biglandular in the recesses, smooth-
ish above ; lobes triangularly acuminated, middle lobe the
longest ; petioles hairy, biglandular in the middle ; glands large,
clavate ; stipulas half ovate, cuspidately acuminated ; peduncles
twin ; bracteas filiform, small, approximating the flower. T? . S.
Native of Mexico, in woods near Jalapa. Flowers pale. Habit
of Brydnia.
Sicyos-like Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
54 P. oblonga'ta (Swartz, prod. p. 97.) leaves glabrous,
glandular beneath, oblong, rounded at the base, 3-nerved, 3-
lobed at the apex ; petioles glandless ; pedicels solitary. . w.
S. Native of Jamaica, among bushes. P. elongata, Poir. suppl.
2. p. 839.
Oblong- leaved Passion-flower. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1816.
Shrub cl.
55 P. lyra:f6i,ia (Tuss. ant. t. 4.) leaves glabrous, glandular
beneath, ovate at the base, 3-nerved, 3-lobed at the apex ; lobes
straight, acuminated, middle lobe small ; petioles glandless ; pe-
dicels solitary or twin. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, on Mount
St. George. Probably sufficiently distinct from the preceding
and following species.
Lyre-leaved Passion-flower. FI. Ju. July. Clt. 1816. Sb. cl.
56 P. tuberosa (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 496.) leaves gla-
brous, glandular beneath, rounded at the base, 3-nerved, 3-
lobed at the apex ; lobes oblong, acute, middle lobe very small ;
petioles glandless; pedicels twin; branches of root tuberous.
S. Native of South America. Ker, hot. reg. t. 432.
P. punctata, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 110. Lower leaves usually
painted with white on the upper surface. Flowers greenish
white ; outer crown green at the base, tipped with purple and
white. Style purple.
Tuberous -rooted Passion-flow-er. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1810.
Shrub cl.
57 P. rotundifolia (Lin. 1. c. p. 235.) leaves rather glandu-
lar, velvety beneath, nearly orbicular, 3-nerved, 3-lobed ; pe-
tioles glandless ; pedicels twin ; berries globose, hairy. 1) .
S. Native of the Antilles. Plum. icon. amer. t. 138. f. 1.
Cav. diss. t. 290. Flowers whitish.
Var. /3, Jacquini (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous beneath ; pedi-
cels solitary ; leaflets of involucrum ovate. lj. S. Native
of Carthagena, in the woods. P. rotundifolia, Jacq. obs. t. 46.
f. 1. Petals whitish ; rays of crown yellow.
Var. y, Swdrtzii (D. C. prod. 3. p. 327.) leaves glabrous be-
neath ; berry ovate, glabrous. ^ . w. S. Native of the south
of Jamaica. P. rotundifolia, Swartz, obs. p. 337. Flowers
greenish.
Round-leaved Passion-flower. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1779.
Shrub cl.
58 P. alnifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 136.)
leaves puberulous beneath, glandular, ovate, roundly truncate at
the base, 3-nerved, roundly 3-lobed at the apex ; middle lobe
emarginate ; petioles glandless, and are, as well as the pedicels,
downy, and twin ; berries spherical, glabrous. . ^. S. Na-
tive of South America, on Mount Quindiu, at the river Cuello.
Flowers large.
A Ider-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
59 P. obscu'ra ; leaves 3-lobed, somewhat cordate, truncate,
velvety : lateral lobes divaricate : intermediate one obsolete,
emarginate ; petals emarginate, shorter than the calyx ; tube of
calyx rotate, depressed ; inner crown pubescent, plicate, lying on
the base of the stipe, in the disc, outer crown radiate ; ovarium vil-
8
lous. J? . S. Native of the north-eastern coast of South America,
but in what place we gathered it is now forgotten. Flowers
small, pale green, with a downy pedicel : the inner crown is
downy and purple : the outer crown has its lower half purple,
and its upper white. This species seems to come nearest to P.
alnifolia of Bonpland.
Obscure Passion-flower. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1823. Sh. cl.
60 P. mo'llis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 137.) leaves canes-
cent beneath, glandular, ovate-cordate at the base, 3-nerved, 3-
lobed at the apex : lateral lobes very small ; petioles glandless,
and are, as well as the pedicels, pubescent ; pedicels twin ; ber-
ries globose, puberulous. J? . S. Native of South America,
on Mount Quindiu. Flowers not seen.
Soft Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
61 P. puncta'ta (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 224. t. 10. f. 12.) leaves
glabrous, transversely oval, glandular beneath, 3-nerved at the
base, and emarginately cordate, very bluntly 3-lobed at the apex ;
petioles glandless ; pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles,
tj . G. Native of Peru. Feuill. per. 2. t. 11. Flowers with
whitish petals : and violet rays, tipped with yellow.
Do^ed-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
62 P. bryonioides (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 140.) leaves his-
pid, cordate at the base, 5-nerved, palmately 5-lobed, sharply-
toothed ; petioles biglandular at the apex, hairy ; pedicels hairy,
twin ; berries elliptic, glabrous. Ij . v_/. S. Native of Mexico,
near Santa Rosa. Flowers greenish.
Bryony-like Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
Sect. VI. Granadilla ( Granadilla or Granadille is the French
name of some Passion-flowers, so called from the resemblance of
the fruit, in size and colour, to a pomegranate, with this differ-
ence, that it is not crowned by the calyx). D. C. in mem. soc.
gen. 1. pt. 2. p. 435. prod. 3. p. 327. — Anthactinia, Bory, ann.
gen. 2. p. 138. Involucrum 3-leaved under the flower ; leaflets
entire or toothed, never jagged. Calyx 10-lobed ; the 5 inner
lobes are probably petals. Pedicels 1 -flowered, rising from the
same axils as the tendrils, which are simple.
* Leaves entire.
63 P. serratifolia (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 217. t. 10. f. 1.)
leaves pubescent beneath, ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrulated,
feather-nerved ; petioles bearing 4 glands, and are, as well as
the pedicels, pubescent. S. Native of South America.
Cav. diss. t. 279. Sims, bot. mag. t. 651. Jacq. hort. schoenb.
1. p. 4. t. 10. Mart. dec. 4. t. 36. Flowers with purple petals,
and the filaments of the crown pale purple at the base, and
from thence bluish.
Saw-leaved Passion-flowrer. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1731. Sh. cl.
64 P. ni'tida (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 130.) leaves glabrous,
oblong-elliptic, acuminated, serrulated, feather-nerved ; petioles
biglandular. T? . S. Native in woods about the Orinoco.
Very nearly allied to the preceding species. Flowers about the
size of those of P. coerulea, with a reddish calyx : crown with
blue filaments, ringed with white.
A/immg-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
65 P. guazum;ef6lia (Juss. ann. mus. 6. t. 39. f. 1.) leaves
glabrous, ovate-oblong, acuminated, denticulated ; petioles bi-
glandular ; crown one-half shorter than the calycine lobes. 1? .
S. Native of New Granada, in very hot places. Flowers
large, with a whitish calyx.
Guazuma-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
66 P. cocci'nea (Aubl. guian. 2. t. 324.) leaves glabrous,
ovate, coarsely toothed, acutish ; petioles bearing 4-6 glands ;
bracteas ovate, subserrated, velvety. Jj . S. Native of
Guiana, where it is also cultivated ; and Maranham, in Brazil.
Cav. diss. t. 280. Flowers scarlet, with orange-coloured rays.
Fruit full of juicy sweet edible pulp.
PASSIFLOREiE. III. Passiflora.
51
Acar/eJ-flowered Passion-flower or Granadilla. FI. June, Nov.
Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
67 P. vetuti'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 327.) young leaves pu-
bescent, at length glabrous, cordate, acutish, sinuately lobed,
serrated ; petioles biglandular ; bracteas glandularly serrated.
Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Allied to P. coccinea. Flowers
perhaps red or scarlet.
Velvety Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
68 P. glandulosa (Cav. diss. t. 281.) leaves glabrous, ovate,
coarsely toothed, acutish ; petioles biglandular ; bracteas entire,
biglandular at the base. T? • S. Native of Cayenne. Tac-
s6nia glandulosa, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Fruit the size of a
hen’s egg.
Glandular Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
69 P. mucrona'ta (Lam. diet. 3. p. 33.) leaves glabrous,
ovate-cordate, obtuse, entire ; petioles biglandular ; stipulas
broad-ovate, awned ; bracteas oblong, serrate-crenated. S.
Native of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Cav. diss. t. 282.
Mucronate-leawed Passion-flower. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub cl.
70 P. malifo'rmis (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 220. t. 10. f. 5.) leaves
glabrous, ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, acuminated, en-
tire ; petioles biglandular ; bracteas ovate, acute, joined at the
base, larger than the flower. ^ S. Native of St. Do-
mingo, Porto-Rico, &c. Plum. icon. amer. t. 82. Ker, bot. reg.
t. 94. Leaves long and broad. Flowers large, sweet-scented,
and beautiful, of various shades ; the petals white, and the rays
blue ; the outer divisions of flowers are red. This species is
called the apple-fruited Granadilla or sweet calabash. The
fruit round, smooth, about 2 inches in diameter, of a dingy yel-
low-colour when ripe ; the coat is hard and stringy, nearly a
quarter of an inch in thickness, full of very agreeable gelatinous
pale yellow pulp, which is eaten with wine and sugar.
Apple-formed- fruited Passion-flower or Granadilla. FI. July,
Nov. Clt. 1731. Shrub cl.
71 P. tillefolia (Lin. amoen.
1. p. 219. t. 10. f. 4.) leaves gla-
brous, cordate, entire, acute ; pe-
tioles glandless ; stipulas and
bracteas entire, oval, acuminated.
J? . G. Native of Peru. Feuil.
per. 2. t. 12. Flowers red; rays
crimson, with a white line. Fruit
globose, variegated with red and
yellow, containing a sweet watery
pulp. (f. 4.)
Lime - tree - leaved Passion-
flower or Granadilla. FI. June.
Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
72 P. SERRAT1ST1PULA (Moc.
et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex
D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) leaves
glabrous, cordate, acute, entire;
petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipulas and bracteas ovate, acute,
serrated. Tj . w. S. Native of Mexico. Fruit edible.
Serrate-stipuled Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
73 P. ligula'ris (Juss. ann. mus. 6. t. 40.) leaves glabrous,
cordate, acuminated, entire; petioles bearing 4-6 cylindrical
glands; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, acuminated; bracteas ovate,
entire. fj . S. Native of Peru. Flowers party-coloured.
Far. ft, geminiflora (D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) pedicels twin.
Native of Caraccas.
ZJgwfor-stipuled Passion-flower. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1819. Sh. cl.
74 P. quadrangula'ris (Lin. spec. 1356.) leaves glabrous,
cordate at the base, ovate, acuminated ; petioles bearing 4-6
glands ; stipulas ovate, and are, as well as the bracteas, entire ;
branches tetragonally winged. 1? . S. Native of Jamaica and
South America. Ker, bot. reg. t. 14. — Jacq. amer. t. 143. pict.
218. Flowers highly odoriferous ; calycine lobes white within ;
petals of the same shape, red within, and white outside. Crown
5-fold ; outer rays in a double row, longer than the petals,
round, white, and variegated with violet. The common grana-
dilla or gronadilla vine bears large fruit, of an oblong shape,
about 6 inches in diameter, and 15 inches in circumference. It
is externally of a greenish yellow, when ripe soft and leathery
to the touch, and quite smooth ; the rind is very thick, and con-
tains a succulent pulp of a purple colour, which is the edible
part. Wine and sugar are commonly added to it. The flavour
is sweet and slightly acid, and is very grateful to the taste, and
cooling in a hot climate. It has been successfully cultivated for
its fruit in a few places in this country.
Far. ft, sulcata (D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) fruit furrowed trans-
versely.
Cultivation of Granadilla (P. qucidrangularis ). Mr. Mitche-
son keeps a plant in a box 1 8 inches square, Axed on a level
with the curb in one corner of a tan-pit. The sides of the box
are perforated, to admit the roots to run among the tan, and the
shoots are trained like vines, under the rafters. In autumn the
shoots are pruned back to within two or three eyes of the
old wood ; and in March following, or just before the plant
begins to break, it is taken out of the box, the root and ball
reduced, and repotted in fresh compost. Abundance of water
in the flowering season enables the plant to set its fruit without
artifleial impregnation. A strong plant will produce 40 fruits in
a season in regular succession, from the end of June till Christ-
mas. Half that number will grow to a larger size. Gard. mag.
2. p. 203. The Pass, laurifolia and Pass, ediilis may be culti-
vated in the same way for their fruit.
Quadrangular- stemmed Passion-flower or Granadilla. Fl.
Aug. Sept. Clt. 1768. Shrub cl.
75 P. Mauritia'na (Pet. Th. ann. mus. 6. p. 65.) leaves
glabrous, cordate at the base, ovate, acuminated ; petioles bear-
ing 4-6 glands ; bracteas lanceolate, acuminated, denticulated.
T? . S. Native of the Mauritius.
Mauritian Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
76 P. ala'ta (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 306.) leaves glabrous,
somewhat cordate, ovate, acute ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; sti-
pulas lanceolately falcate, somewhat serrated ; pedicels terete ;
branches tetragonally winged ; bracteas a little toothed. Tj . S.
Native of Peru. Sims, bot. mag. t. 66. Sowerby in Lin. trans.
2. p. 23. t. 3. f. 6. Flowers very sweet-scented, the upper side
of the calyx and petals deep crimson ; rays variegated with
purple, white, and crimson.
IVinged- stemmed Passion-flower. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1772.
Shrub cl.
77 P. latifolia (D. C. prod. 5. p. 328.) leaves glabrous,
broadly cordate, acuminated ; lateral nerves approximate at the
middle of the base ; petioles glandular ; stipulas and bracteas
oval-oblong, entire ; branches terete. 1?.^. S. Native of Peru.
Flowers pale red.
Broad-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
78 P. a'lbida (Ker, bot. reg. 677.) leaves glabrous, roundish-
cordate, entire ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; stipulas
ovate-lanceolate, setosely apiculated ; bracteas approximating
the flowers, soon falling oft'; pedicels twice the length of the
leaves. Tj . ^. S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Flowers
white, not pale red as in the preceding. Column inclined. Sta-
mens secund. Crown yellowish.
IFhitish-flowered Passion-flower. Fl. Aug, Sept. Clt. 1816.
Shrub cl.
79 P. orna' xa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.-129.)
leaves glabrous, ovate-elliptic, acute, crenulated ; petioles bi-
rr 2
FIG. 4.
52
PASSIFLOREiE. III. Passiflora.
glandular ; axils glandular ; bracteas ovate, large, entire. Tj .
S. Native of New Granada, in temperate places. Flowers
whitish, with blue rays mingled with white.
Plumed Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
80 P. lo'ngipes (Juss. ann. mus. 6. t. 33. f. 1.) leaves gla-
brous, oval-lanceolate, somewhat cordate at the base, entire ;
petioles biglandular at the apex ; stipulas and bracteas lanceo-
late ; pedicels twice the length of the leaves. b . S. Native
of New Granada, on Mount Quindiu. Flowers about the size of
those of P. coerulea, pale red.
Long-stalked Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
81 P. laurifolia (Lin. 1. c. p. 220. t. 10. f. 6.) leaves gla-
brous, ovate-oblong, entire; petioles biglandular at the apex;
stipulas setaceous, length of petioles ; bracteas obovate, glandu-
larly serrated at the apex. b . S. Native of the West
India Islands and South America. Plum, amer.t. 80. Ker, bot.
reg. t. 13. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 2. t. 162. amer. pict. 2. t. 219.
Sowerby in Lin. trans. 2. t. 4. f. c. Marquiaas, Merian. sur. t.
21. The French call it pomme de liane, and the English honey-
suckle: but in most parts of South America the fruit is known
by the name of murucuja or granadilla ; for which the plant is
cultivated almost throughout South America, the fruit being
agreeable to most palates. The P. laurifolia is called also
mater-lemon. The flowers are red and violet and sweet-scented ;
the fruit about the size of a hen’s-egg, but rather more elongated,
and tapering equally at both ends ; when ripe it is yellow, and
dotted over with white spots. It contains a whitish watery
pulp, which in the West Indies is usually sucked through a
small hole made in the rind, which is tough, soft, and thin ; the
juice has a peculiar aromatic flavour, is delicately acid, and allays
thirst agreeably.
Laurel-leaved Passion-flower or Granadilla. FI. June, July.
Clt. 1690. Shrub cl.
82 P. tinifolia (Juss. 1. c. t. 41. f. 2.) leaves glabrous, ob-
long, entire ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; stipulas seta-
ceous ; bracteas oblong, hardly crenated. b • w S. Native
of Cayenne, and about Essequibo. Very like P. laurifolia.
Tinus-leaved Passion-flower. FI. July. Clt. 1824. Sh. cl.
83 P. acumina'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 328.) leaves glabrous,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, entire; petioles biglandular at the
apex ; bracteas oblong, obtuse, entire. S. Native of
Brazil.
Acuminated-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
* * Leaves lobed, farted, or cut to the base.
84 P. indeco'ra (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 134.) leaves pube-
rulous beneath, rather glandular, semi-orbicular, lunate, sub-
cordate ; lobes ovate, divaricate ; petioles glandless, pubescent ;
stipulas linear, pubescent; bracteas ovate. b- S. Native
of New Granada, in temperate places. Perhaps belonging to
the section Decaloba.
Indecorous Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
85 P. pulche'lla (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves glabrous,
somewhat glandular, semiorbicular, truncately 2 or 3-lobed ;
petioles glandless ; stipulas linear-subulate ; bracteas oblong,
large, entire. b . v_y. S. Native of South America, in the pro-
vince of Caraccas. Flowers white, with yellow rays ringed
with blue.
Neat Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
86 P. racemosa (Brot. in Lin. trans. 12. t. 6.) leaves quite
glabrous, rather peltate, glaucous beneath, for the most part
3-lobed ; petioles usually bearing 4 glands ; pedicels twin, form-
ing terminal racemes, in consequence of the upper leaves being
abortive. b . S. Native of Brazil. Sims, bot. mag. 2001.
P. princeps, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 84. Flowers of a deep red or
scarlet colour. Racemes pendulous. There is a variety having
the outer ray of the crown white.
Racemose Passion-flower. FI. Mar. Oct. Clt. 1815, Sh. cl.
87 P. sanguinea (Colla. mem. acad. taur. ined. hort. ripul. f
append, t. 6.) leaves glabrous, cordate, glaucous beneath, 3-5-
parted ; lobes oblong, entire ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipu-
las auriculately falcate, apiculated, somewhat serrated : pedicels
axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. b . v_/. S. Native country un-
known. Probably a hybrid between P. racemosa and P. alata.
Flo wers large, of a deep scarlet or blood-red colour.
Z?/ood-coloured-flowered Passion-flower. FI. Ju. Oct. Clt.?
Shrub cl.
88 P. cceru'leo-racemosa (Sab. in hort. trans. 4. p. 758.
t. 9.) leaves quite glabrous, rather coriaceous, 3-5-lobed ; lobes
undulated, somewhat toothed at the base ; petioles bearing 4
glands; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. b . S. A
hybrid raised from the seed of P. racemosa, impregnated by the
pollen of P. coerulea. Like the male parent, it will live through-
out the winter in the open ground, with a little protection in
severe weather. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 573. Flowers purple.
Blue-racemose Passion-flower. FI. June, Oct. Hybrid 1820.
Shrub cl.
89 P. ala'to-cceru'lea (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 848.) leaves gla-
brous, cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, ovate-lanceolate ;
petioles bearing 2-4 glands ; stipulas auriculated, acuminately
apiculated, entire ; pedicels terete, much longer than the pe-
tioles ; branches quadrangular. b . S. A hybrid, raised
from the seeds of P. alata, impregnated by the pollen of P.
coerulea. Lobes of calyx rose-coloured on the outside. Petals
white inside. Crown triple ; outer filamentous appendages va-
riegated with black, blue, and white.
TVinged-blue Passion-flower. FI. June, Oct. Hybrid 1823.
Shrub cl.
90 P. stipula'ta (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 325.) leaves glabrous,
glaucous beneath, cordate at the base, 5-nerved, trifid; lobes
ovate, entire ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands ; stipulas oblong,
somewhat auricled, mucronate, and are as well as the bracteas
entire; peduncles about equal in length to the petioles. b . ^,.S.
Native of Cayenne and Brazil ; and of Mexico, near Jalapa. P.
glauca, Ker. bot. reg. t. 88. but notof Humb. Flowers whitish ;
crown variegated with purple and white.
Stipulate Passion-flower. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1779. Sh. cl.
91 P. Raddia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.) leaves glabrous,
somewhat cordate at the base, 5-nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate,
glandularly subserrated at the base ; petioles bearing 2 glands
in the middle ; stipulas ovate, dimidiate, awned ; peduncles 4-
times longer than the petioles. b • w S. Native of Brazil,
where it was detected by Raddi.
Raddi’s Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
92 P. aTba (Link, et Otto. abhl. t. 33.) leaves glabrous,
glaucescent beneath, somewhat cordate at the base, 5-nerved,
3-lobed ; lobes oval, somewhat glandularly serrated at the base ;
petioles biglandular in the middle ; stipulas cordate ; superior
peduncles longer than the petioles. b . S. Native of Bra-
zil. Flowers white. Very nearly allied to P. Raddiana.
White-dowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
93 P. seta'cea (D. C. 1. c.) leaves velvety beneath, 3-nerved
at the base, somewhat cordate, trifid ; lobes ovate-oblong, acute,
serrulated ; petioles velvety, biglandular at the base ; bracteas
ovate, acuminated, ciliately serrated, b . S. Native of Bra-
zil, near Rio Janeiro.
*Se<«eeoHS-braetead Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
94 P. menispermifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2.
p. 137.) leaves hairy beneath, pubescent above, roundish-cor-
date, angularly 3-lobed, sharply toothed ; petioles hairy, usually
bearing 4 glands ; stipulas large, dimidiately subcordate, awned,
PASSIFLOREZE. III. Passiflora.
53
hence toothed on one side. F? . S. Native of South Ame-
rica, near Jaen de Bracamoros. Flowers unknown.
Moon-seed-lcaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
95 P. subpelta'ta (Ort. dec. 6. p. 78.) leaves glabrous, cor-
date, 3-lobed ; lobes serrated : middle lobe more extended than
the side ones ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands in the middle ; sti-
pulas semi-cordate, mucronate ; bracteas cordate. Tj . S.
Native of New Spain.
Subpeltate-\ea.veA Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
96 P. punicea (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.)
leaves velvety beneath, rather scabrous above, 5-nerved, broadly
subcordate, trifid ; lobes sharply serrated, acute ; petioles vel-
vety, glandless ; stipulas setaceous ; bracteas oval, serrated.
Tj . y_y. S. Native of South America, probably of Peru. Flowers
scarlet. Agreeing in habit with Tacsonia.
/Scarfet-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
97 P. incarna'ta (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 230. t. 10. f. 19. a. e .)
leaves glabrous, somewhat cuneated at the base, 5-nerved,
deeply trifid ; lobes lanceolate, serrated ; petioles biglandular
at the apex ; stipulas small ; bracteas glandularly serrated ;
ovarium villous. F? . G. Native of South America and
Virginia. Aid. hort. farn. t. 50. 52. 58. Mor. ox. 2. p. 6.
sect. 1. t. 1. f. 9. Calycine lobes pale green. Petals white;
crown with a double circle of purple rays. The Flesh-coloured
Granadilla, or May-apple , is a perennial, sending up annually a
number of herbaceous shoots. The flowers are sweet-scented,
variegated with purple. The fruit, when ripe, is about the size
of an apple, orange-coloured, with a sweetish yellow pulp.
Var. (3, integriloba (D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.) lobes of leaves
entire. Ker. bot. reg. t. 332. P. Kerii, Spreng. syst. 3. p.
39. Flowers pink.
Flcsh-coloured-A owered Passion-flower or Granadilla. FI.
July, Aug. Clt. 1629. PI. cl.
98 P. edu'lis (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1989.) leaves glabrous, 3-
lobed, serrated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; bracteas
glandularly serrated ; crown about equal in length to the caly-
cine lobes ; ovarium glabrous, F? . S. Native of Brazil.
Flowers whitish. Fruit purple, edible. Purple-fruiting Passi-
flora, Sab. in hort. trans. 3. p. 99. t. 3. Purple-fruited Gra-
nadilla, Sab. The flowers are fragrant, of a white colour tinged
with purple. The fruit changes to a dark livid purple on be-
coming ripe, and much resembles the fruit of the purple egg-
plant. The shape is elliptic, an inch and a half in diameter, and
2 inches from the stalk to the top ; the pulp is orange-coloured,
and the seeds numerous ; the taste acid, and the flavour some-
what like that of an orange. It produces fruit abundantly in
stoves.
ZichZZe-fruited Passion-flower or Granadilla. FI. July, Aug.
Clt. ? Shrub cl.
99 P. serruea'ta (Jacq. obs. 2. t. 46. f. 2.) leaves glabrous,
3-lobed, finely serrulated ; lobes oblong, middle one the longest ;
petioles biglandular in the middle ; bracteas entire. F? . S.
Native of South America, in the woods of Carthagena. Flowers
variegated with crimson and white, sweet-scented, inches wide.
Serrulated- leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
100 P. cuneifolia (Cav. diss. 10. t. 292.) leaves glabrous,
3-lobed, serrated ; lobes ovate, acuminated : petioles biglan-
dular ; bracteas large, ovate, entire ; crown 3 times longer than
the calyx. Fj . S. Native of South America.
Wedge-leaved Passion-flower. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1825. Sh.cl.
101 P. triloba (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 330.)
leaves glabrous, cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate-roundish, obtuse,
somewhat denticulated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; sti-
pulas ovate-cordate, denticulated; bracteas large, ovate, mu-
cronate. Tj . S. Native of Peru.
7 hree-lobed-\ea\red Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
102 P. vitifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 138.)
leaves downy beneath, cordate, deeply 3-lobed ; lobes ovate,
acuminated, sharply toothed, with the sinuses biglandular ; pe-
tioles biglandular at the base, pubescent ; bracteas glandularly
toothed. Tj . S. Native of South America, on the banks of
the rivers Magdalena and Cassiquiares. Flowers yellowish ;
outer crown orange-coloured ; inner crown white.
Vine-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
103 P. pilosa (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 330.)
plant hispid from rigid hairs ; leaves cuneated at the base and
cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes coarsely toothed, ovate-lanceolate ;
petioles biglandular ; stipulas ovate-cordate ; bracteas oblong,
ciliated. Fj . v_y. S. Native of Mexico, (v. s. in herb. Lamb.)
Pilose Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
104 P. adenopoda (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex
D. C. prod. 3. p. 330.) leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, 5-
nerved, 5-lobed ; lobes ovate, acuminated, somewhat serrated ;
petioles bearing 2 pedicellate glands ; bracteas deeply serrated.
Tj . S. Native of Mexico.
Stalked- glanded Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
105 P. fil amentosa (Cav. diss. 10. t. 294.) leaves glabrous,
5-parted, serrated ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; bracteas
serrated ; crown longer than the calyx or nearly equal to it.
Fj . S. Native of South America. Sims, bot. mag. 2023.
Flowers with whitish petals and blue crowm, coloured very like
those of P. ccerulea.
Filamentous Passion-flow’er. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. Sh.cl.
106 P. palma'ta (Lod. bot. cab. no. 97. Link, enum. 2.
p. 183.) leaves glabrous, palmately 5-parted, somewhat serru-
lated ; serratures glandular ; crown a little shorter than the
calyx. F? • \_y S. Native of Brazil. P. filamentosa (3, Ker.
bot. reg. 584. Flowers the size of those of the following spe-
cies, bluish ; crown variegated with blue, purple, and white.
Palmate- leaved Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. Sh. cl.
107 P. cceru'lea (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 231. t. 10. f. 20.) leaves
glabrous, 5-parted ; lobes oblong, quite entire ; petioles bearing
4 glands at the apex ; stipulas falcate ; bracteas ovate, entire ;
crown shorter than the calyx. i? . S. Native of Brazil
and Peru. Curt. bot. mag. t. 28. Herb. amat. t. 102. Sow-
erby in Lin. trans. 2. p. 25. t. 4. f. 4. Calycine segments pale
greenish white; the petals are nearly of the same shape and
size. Styles purplish. Rays of the crown in two circles, pur-
ple at bottom, white in the middle, and blue at the ends. Fruit
egg-shaped, size of a Mogul plum, yellow when ripe-. The
flowers have a faint scent, and continue but one day, like many
other species of this genus. This is the only kind which can be
considered truly hardy.
Var. (3, angustif dlia ; lobes of leaves narrow ; plant flowering
later than the species. A hybrid.
Var. y, glaucophylla ; leaves glaucous beneath.
Var. Colvillei (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 126.) lobes of leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, serrulated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ;
stipulas rather lunate, serrulately ciliated ; bracteas ovate,
obtuse, serrulated ; threads of crown rather shorter than the
corolla. F? • H. A hybrid. Flowers whitish ; petals tinged
with blue ; outer crown variegated with purple, white, and blue.
Z^ue-flowered or Common Passion-flower. Fl. June, Oct.
Clt. 1699. Shrub cl.
108 P. serra'ta (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 232. t. 10. f. 21.) leaves
glabrous, 7-parted, 7-nerved ; lobes serrated ; petioles bearing
4 glands ; bracteas joined to the middle, acute, entire. Fj . S.
Native of Martinico. Plum. amer. t. 79. Petals violet-co-
loured. Crown variegated with purple, violet and white.
Var. (3, digitdta (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex herb. Lamb. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 330.) lobes of leaves hardly serrated. F*. S.
Native of Peru.
54
PASSIFLORE.ZE. III. Passiflora.
Serrated- leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1800. Shrub cl.
109 P. Lourei'rii; leaves glabrous, 5 - parted ; lobes quite
entire ; petioles biglandular. Tj . F. Native of China and
Cochin-china. P. coerulea, Lour. coch. p. 527. but not of Lin.
P. Chinensis, Sweet? Flowers greenish yellow, with a blue
crown.
Loureiro’s Passion-flower. FI. Ju. Oct. Clt. ? Shrub cl.
110 P. peda'ta (Lin. amcen. 1. p. 233. t. 10. f. 22.) leaves
pedate, in consequence of the petiole being branched at the top ;
petiole biglandular ; segments of leaves oval, acuminated, ser-
rated ; bracteas dentately fringed. f? . S. Native of St.
Domingo and Trinidad. Plum. amer. t. 81. Calycine seg-
ments j)ale green, with abundance of little red spots on the
upper surface. Petals or inner calycine segments blue. The
rays of the crown are very close, deep red, with 2 or 3 white
rings, very slender, violet at the ends ; they are twisted so as to
resemble the serpents about Medusa’s head. Fruit the size of
a middling apple, green, and dotted.
Pedate-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1781. Shrub cl.
Sect. VII. Tacsonioides (plants resembling Tacsonia in
habit). D. C. prod. 3. p. 330. Tube of calyx rather elongated,
nevertheless much shorter than the limb. The rest as in sec-
tion Granadilla. Leaves 3-lobed, with the recesses and petioles
glandular. An intermediate section between the genus Papi-
jlbra and Tacsonia.
111 P. reflexiflora (Cav. icon. 5. t. 425.) glabrous ; leaves
subpeltate, 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse, quite entire, recesses and
petioles bearing 6 glands ; calycine lobes reflexed ; crown very
short or almost wanting. T? . S. Native of Panamaide, and
near Bodegas, in South America. Tacsonia reflexiflora, Juss.
ann. mus. 6. p. 393. Flowers scarlet.
Rcjlexed-jlowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
112 P. picturata (Ker. bot. reg. t. 673.) glabrous; leaves
subpeltate, reddish beneath, 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, mu-
cronate by a bristle ; recesses and petioles bearing 4 glands ;
calycine lobes reflexed, twice the length of the filamentous
crown. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. P. picturata, Lodd. bot.
cab. t. 1050. differs in the lobes of the leaves being glandless.
Flowers red ; outer crown beautifully variegated with blue and
white.
Pamted-leaved Passion-flower. FI. Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh. cl.
Sect. VIII. Dysosmia (from bvarinbijc, dysodes, fetid, and
oayr], osme, a smell ; the species contained in this section have
a bad smell). D. C. in mem. soc. gen. 1. pt. 2. p. 436. prod. 3.
p. 331. Involucrum 3-leaved, under the flower; leaflets di-
vided into many setaceous lobes, which are tipped with glands.
Calyx 10-lobed, or the 5 inner ones are petals. Pedicels soli-
tary. Fruit subcapsular. — Perhaps this section will form a
proper genus.
113 P. hibiscifolia (Lam. diet. 3. p. 39.) stem, petioles, and
leaves clothed with soft velvety down on both surfaces ; leaves
truncate at the base, 5 -nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate-acuminated,
somewhat dentate. bL . S. Native of the West India Islands.
P. fce'tida, var. a, Lin. amcen. 1. p. 228. t. 10. f. 17. Plum,
amer. t. 86. P. gossypif olia, Desv. in Ham. prod. p. 48. ? —
Giseck, icon. fasc. 1. t. 20. Flowers whitish. Plant fetid when
bruised.
Hibiscus-leaved Passion-flower. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1731.
Shrub cl.
114 P. fce'tida (Cav. diss. 10. t. 289.) stems and petioles
hispid ; leaves villous on both surfaces, 5-nerved, cordate at
the base, 3-lobed ; lobes nearly entire, lateral ones very short,
middle one acuminated. $ . or 1£. v_/. S. Native of the Carib-
bee Islands and South America. Sims, bot. mag. 261 9. Ker.
bot. reg. 321. P. foe'tida, var. /3, Lin. amcen. P. variegata,
Mill. P. hirsuta, Lodd. bot. cab. 138. P. hircina, Sweet,
hort. blit. Flowers whitish ; crown variegated with purple and
blue. Plant fetid when bruised.
Fetid Passion-flower. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1731. PI. cl.
115 P. acerifolia (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 89.)
the whole plant scabrous from hairs ; leaves deeply cordate,
pedately 5-7-nerved, cuneated within the recesses, 5 and some-
times 7-lobed ; paler and glandless beneath ; lobes acuminated,
subserrated ; teeth mucronate ; petioles biglandular at the
apex ; glands stipitate, recurved at the apex ; stipulas semi-
orbicular, sinuately toothed ; teeth subulate ; peduncles twin,
involucrated in the middle ; involucrum multifidly jagged, hardly
glandular. . w. S. Native of Mexico, in woods near Jalapa.
Flowers a little larger than those of P. fce'tida.
Sycamore-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
116 P. cilia'ta (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 310.) stem glabrous ;
petioles rather pilose ; leaves glabrous, somewhat 5-nerved,
cordate at the base, trifid ; lobes acuminated, ciliated. 1/ . S.
Native of Jamaica. Curt. bot. mag. t. 288. Petals greenish on
the outside and red within. Rays of crown variegated with
white and purple. Stipe of ovarium deep purple, with darker
spots.
Cdiated-leaved Passion-flower. FI. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1783. PI. cl.
'(" Species not sufficiently known.
* Leaves entire.
117 P. appendicula' ta (Meyer, esseq. p. 223.) leaves gla-
brous, glandular beneath, 3-nerved, rounded from the base,
oblong, mucronate ; petioles biglandular, puberulous ; pedicels
twin, shorter than the petioles ; involucrum wanting. J? . S.
Native of Guiana, in shady sandy places. Perhaps belonging
to either section Cieca or Decaloba. Flowers yellow.
Appendiculaled Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
118 P. cyathophora (Desv. in Ham. prod. p. 48.) leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, undivided, undulated and narrowed in the middle,
jnucronulate, 3-nerved, subcordate at the base, quite glabrous
above and nerved, glaucescent beneath ; petioles biglandular ;
glands large, lateral, hollow, cup-shaped, usually twin ; involu-
crum wanting. Tj . S. Native of Guiana. Perhaps belong-
ing to section Cieca or Decaloba.
Cup-bearing Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
119 P. pyriformis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 331.) leaves glabrous,
ovate, acuminated, feather-nerved ; petioles biglandular ; pedi-
cels solitary ; fruit pear-shaped, f? . S. Native of Brazil.
Pear-s/ioped-fruited Passion-flow’er. Shrub cl.
120 P. lanceola'ta (Desv. 1. c.) branches compressed, an-
gular, ciliated with down ; leaves lanceolate, acute, mucronulate,
rounded at the base, with the sides subauricled, pilose on both
surfaces, quite entire ; petioles biglandular ; pedicels twin, ca-
pillary ; fruit on a long pedicel. T? . S. Native of the
Antilles. Flowers scarlet. The rest unknown.
Lanceolate- leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
121 P. tetrade'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 331.) leaves ovate,
quite entire ? petioles bearing 4 glands ; bracteas toothed ; stem
tetragonal, membranous. Ij. v-,. S. Native of Brazil. Vand.
fl. lus. et bras, in Roem. script. 148. Perhaps P. alata or P.
quadrangularis.
Four-glanded Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
122 P. theobromasfolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 331.) stems erect ;
leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, unequally serrated, rather
puberulous ; calyx double ; petals ? spatulate. J? . S. Native
country unknown. Flowered in the Botanic Garden at Schoen-
brun. P. guazumaef olia, Jacq. fragm. p. 13. but not of Juss.
This plant perhaps belongs to a different genus, not belonging
to this order.
PASSIFLOREffJ. III. Passiflora.
55
Cacao-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
123 P. Cochin-chine'nsis (Spreng. syst. app. p. 346.) leaves
opposite, glabrous, ovate, undivided, quite entire ; petioles bi-
glandular ; flowers axillary, twin, 5-cleft ; berry ovate, f? . G.
Native of Cochin-china, among bushes. P. pallida, Lour. coch.
p. 527. This species differs from all the other Passifloras in
the opposite leaves ; it is perhaps therefore a species of Mal-
pighia. Flowers large, pale.
Cochin-china Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
124 P. Singaforia'na (Wall. cat. no. 1232.) leaves glabrous,
oblong ; the rest of the plant unknown. Tj . v_/. S. Native of
Singapore, in the East Indies. Like P. laurifolia.
Singapore Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
125 P. Penangia'na (Wall. cat. no. 1233.) leaves ovate-ob-
long, entire, acuminated; tendrils trifid. J? . y_,. S. Native of
Penang. Flowers unknown.
Penang Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
* * Leaves 2-lobed.
126 P. luna'ta (Juss. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 331.) leaves
rather downy beneath, glandular, 3-nerved, ovate at the base,
lunately truncate at the apex ; nerves ending each in a bristle ;
petioles glandless ; pedicels twin ; bracteas linear. S.
Native of Peru. Perhaps belonging to the section Cieca or
Decdloba.
Moon-shaped-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
127 P. contraye'rva (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 23.) leaves
glabrous, deeply 2-lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse, hardly diverg-
ing ; calyx multifid. 1? . S. Native of Mexico. — Hern,
mex. p. 301. lower figure. Allied to P. Mexicana and P. Dic-
tamo, but differs from them in the flowers being multifid, not
5-cleft. The root is famous for its medicinal virtues, being
sweetish with some pungency and fragrance, and is considered a
powerful counterpoison, deobstruent, cordial, &c.
Contrayerva Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
128 P. cunea'ta (Willd. enum. p. 696.) leaves glabrous,
glandular beneath, cuneated at the base, somewhat 2-lobed at
the apex, with a mucrone between the lobes ; petioles glandless ;
pedicels twin ; calyx 10-cleft, the 5 inner divisions are called
petals. Tj . S. Native of Caraccas. Perhaps belonging to
section Decdloba or section Granadilla.
CwneaZe-leaved Passion-flower. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Sh. cl.
129 P. bicornis (Mill. diet. no. 13.) leaves glabrous, stiff,
2-lobed; pedicels long, horizontal ; fruit oval. . v_y. S. Na-
tive of South America, at Carthagena. Flowers small, white.
Two -horned-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
130 P. clypea'ta (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 20.) leaves pel-
tate, glandular beneath, 5-7-nerved, reticulately veined, 2-lobed,
furnished with a mucrone between the lobes ; petioles bearing 2 or
4 glands. Tj . S. Nativeof New Granada. Flowers unknown.
Buckler- leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
* * * Leaves 3-lobed.
131 P. cephaleima (Bory, ann. gen. 2. p. 152. t. 22. f. 2.)
leaves glabrous, rather glandular beneath, somewhat 3-lobed,
emarginate at the base ; lobes divaricate, linear, obtuse, rounded ;
petioles very short, biglandular beneath the middle. Tj . S.
Native country unknown, and has never flowered in the gardens
of Europe.
Headed-d owered Passion-flower. Clt. 1 826. Shrub cl.
132 P. multiformis (Jacq. fragm. no. 169. t. 67. f. 1.) leaves
glabrous, wrinkled beneath, cordate at the base, simple, 2 or 3-
lobed, acuminated, very minutely serrated ; petioles biglandular.
Tj . ^. S. Native of South America, at Caraccas. Willd.
enum. 697. Flowers unknown. The plant agrees with P. in-
carnata in the shape of the leaves.
Many-formed Passion-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
133 P. heterophy'lla (Lam. diet. 3. p. 41.) leaves glabrous,
acute, lower ones lanceolate, nearly sessile : middle ones on short
petioles, 3-parted : upper ones pedate, in consequence of the
petiole being branched at the apex ; tendrils wanting ; pedicels
solitary, without an involucrum ; calyx 10-lobed, or the 5 inner
lobes, so called, are petals. T? . S. Native of St. Do-
mingo. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 139. f. 1. Perhaps belonging to
section Decdloba or section Astrophea ? Flowers yellowish.
Variable-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1817. Shrub cl.
134 P. Herma'nni (D. C. prod. 3. p. 332.) leaves velvety,
3-lobed; involucrum small, of 3 entire leaflets; calyx 10-
parted. ^ . w. S. Native of Curassoa. Flowers whitish.
Allied on one hand to P. hirsuta and on the other to P. hibis-
cifolia.
Hermann’s Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
135 P. ? tubiflora (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p.
139.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, rounded at the base, 3-lobed;
lobes oblong-lanceolate, equal, entire ; petioles biglandular in
the middle ; pedicels twin ; tube of calyx about equal in length
to the 5 lobes of the limb. . v_/. S. Native of Mexico, in
arid places near Acapulco and Etambo del Egido. Probably a
species of Tacsonia. Flowers with a greenish calyx.
Tube-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl.
Cult. All the species of this elegant and curious genus, are
well suited for climbers in conservatories and stoves, being free
growers and of easy culture. They thrive well in very light
rich soil, and the more room they are allowed, both for roots
and stems, the freer they will grow and flower. They are all
easily raised from cuttings planted in sand or mould, placed in
heat ; and the younger the cuttings are, the sooner they will
strike root. Most of the species ripen fruit in our stoves, and
consequently many fine varieties have been raised by impreg-
nating the stigmas of one with the pollen of another. Several
hybrids, raised from seeds set by the pollen of P. coerulea are
nearly hardy. Several of the species are marked greenhouse,
in which they will grow and flower freely. Passiflora coerulea
is the only species that can be considered quite hardy, and it
requires a sheltered situation ; it is therefore safest to plant
against a wall, that it may be protected by a mat in severe
w'eather : it thrives well in any soil, and cuttings of it are
readily rooted, under a hand-glass.
Culture of the edible species of Granadilla. — All the species
will fruit even in large pots ; but it is best to plant them in an
angle of a stove, which has been parted off, either by boards or
brick-work, as loiv as the pit goes. At the bottom of the cavity
formed by this division, should be laid some brick rubbish, over
which may be thrown a little dead tan, and the whole be then filled
with equal parts of very old tan, and a compost of leaf-mould and
rotten dung ; therein the roots wilb-strike freely, and will even
spread through the partition into the pit. They do not require the
full heat of a pine-stove, for they flourish best in a temperature of
from 65° to 70° ; but they will not bring their fruit to perfec-
tion if kept in a common greenhouse or conservatory, though
they will grow and flower in it. The shoots as they advance
may be trained near to and under the inclined glass of the stove ;
the first flowers will appear in May, and the blooming will con-
tinue until September, the fruit setting the whole time ; but if it
does not set well it will be adviseable to impregnate the stigmas,
by applying the pollen with a feather. As they grow, the very
strong shoots should be cut out from their origin ; for these do
not bear fruit so abundantly as those which are less vigorous ;
but the fruiting-branches must not be shortened on any account.
The temperature must be kept up equally during the time of
flowering and fruiting ; the crop will begin to come in August,
and will continue until January, but the earlier produce is the
best. When the crop is all off, which will be early in January,
56
PASSIFLOREiE. IV. Disemma. V. Murucuja.
the heat must be reduced to about 50°, so as to check and stop
the growth. This being effected, the shoots must be well cut
in. As little old wood as possible, besides the main stem, which
rises from the pit to the glass, and a few' pieces (about 2 or 3
feet of each) of the old branches should be retained ; for all
that is to be trained under the glass to bear in each year, ought
to be the growth of the same season. It is found that the shoots
break better and in greater quantity from the older wood than
from that of two years’ standing. In this dormant and reduced
state it is to be kept during January and February, after which
the necessary heat may be applied to cause it to resume its
functions for the ensuing season.
IV. DISE'MMA (from he, dis, two, and orey/ia, stemma, a
crowm ; in reference to the crown of the flower being double, or
in two). Lab. sert. caled. p. 78. D. C. prod. 3. p. 332.
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Pentandria. Tube of calyx short,
furrowed below. Crowm of throat double ; outer one composed
of distinct filamentous threads ; inner one tubular, with an entire
or toothed border. The rest as in Passiflora. All the species
are either natives of New Holland or New Caledonia.
* Petioles biglandular at the apex.
1 D. aura'ntia (Labill. caled. t. 79.) leaves glabrous, ovate
at the base, broadly 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse, middle lobe the
longest : lateral ones furnished with a kind of appendage each
on the outside ; bracteas bristle-formed, glandular at the apex,
rather remote from the flow'er ; petioles bigland ular at the apex ;
threads of outer crown about equal in length to the inner lobes
of the calyx or petals. I? . G. Native of New Caledonia.
Passiflora aurantia. Forst. prod. p. 326. Cav. diss. 10. p.
457. Murucuja aurantia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 222. Flowers orange-
coloured, with the tube of the inner crown green, longer than the
simple upright rays that surround it.
Orange-flowered Disemma. Shrub cl.
2 D. Herbertia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 332.) leaves pubes-
cent, cordate at the base, broadly 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, acutish ;
petioles biglandular at the apex; pedicels twin, 1 -flowered;
bracteas bristle-formed, very remote from the flower ; threads
of outer crown 3 or 4-times shorter than the inner calycine lobes
or petals. T? . G. Native of New Holland, in the interior.
Passiflora Herbertiana, Ker. bot. reg. 737. Muruchja Her-
bertiana, Sweet. Flowers white and greenish, with the crown
yellow'.
Var. (i, Caleyana (D. C. prod. 3. p. 333.) leaves semiorbi-
cular at the base, hardly subcordate ; bracteoles situated in the
middle of the pedicel. 1? . G. Native of New Holland.
Passiflora biglandulosa, Caley. in herb. Lamb. Perhaps a pro-
per species.
Herbert’s Disemma. FI. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1821. Shrub cl.
3 D. Baue'ri ; leaves 3-lobed, sparingly glandular beneath ;
lobes oblong, retuse, middle one more prolonged ; bracteas and
stipulas setaceous ; rays filiform, longer than the corolla, which
is plicate ; disk 5-lobed. Tj . ^. G. Native of Norfolk Island.
Fruit oval, blood-coloured. Flowers at first pale yellow, but at
length orange-coloured, with the segments keeled and rather
undulated* green on the outside. Murucuja Baueri, Lindl.
coll. t. 36.
Bauer’s Disemma. Shrub cl.
4 D. coccinea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 333.) leaves glabrous, glan-
dular beneath, cuneated at the base, 3-nerved, bluntly 3-lobed ;
petioles biglandular at the apex, longer than the pedicels ; brac-
teas subulate, scattered, remote from the flower. Tj . S.
Native of New Holland. Passiflora coccinea, Banks, but not of
Aubl. Flowers scarlet. Crown short, double. Fruit globose.
/ScaWei-flowered Disemma. Shrub cl.
* * Petioles glandless.
5 D. adiantifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glandular
beneath, truncate at the base, 3-5-lobed ; lobes obtuse, some-
what 3-lobed ; petioles glandless, a little longer than the pedicels ;
bracteas subulate, scattered. Tj . G. Native of Norfolk
Island. Passiflora adiantifolia, Ker. bot. reg. 233. Passi-
flora aurantia, Andr. bot. rep. t. 295. but not of Forst. Passi-
flora glabra, Wendl. coll. 1. t. 17. Passiflora Adiantum, Willd.
enum. 698. Murucuja adiantifolia, Sweet. Flowers yellow' at
first, fading to an orange-colour, with the inner crown green,
longer than the purple rays that surround it.
Adiantum-leaved Disemma. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1792. Sh. cl.
Cult. See Passiflora, p. 55. for culture and propagation.
Splendid and curious climbing shrubs.
V. MURUCU'JA (a name given to many species of Passion-
flower, especially those with edible fruit, by the natives of Brazil).
Tourn. inst. t. 215. Juss. gen. p. 398. D. C. prod. 3. p. 333.
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Pentandria. Tube of calyx fur-
rowed below. Crown of throat simple, erect, tubularly-conical,
truncate (f. 5. b. f. 6. c.) ; threads of crown not free, but joined
together into a tube. — Habit of Passiflora. Petioles glandless.
— Species all natives of the West Indies.
Sect. I. Penta'ria (from 7 Terre, pente, five ; calyx 5-lobed).
D. C. prod. 3. p. 333. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 5. a.).
1 M. orbicula'ta (Pers. ench. FIG. 5.
2. p. 222.) leaves glabrous, glan-
dular beneath, 3-nerved, orbicu-
lar, somew'hat 3-lobed ; petioles
glandless, twisted ; tendrils few ;
bracteoles narrow, very acute.
Tj . S. Native of St. Do-
mingo. Passiflora orbiculata,
Cav. diss. 10. t. 286. Flow'ers
crimson.
Orbicular-leaved Murucuja.
Shrub cl.
Sect. II. Deca'ria (from
Sem, delca, ten ; in reference to
the calyx being 10-lobed). D.C.
prod. 3. p.333. Calyx 10-lobed
(f. 6. a.) ; the 5 inner lobes probably petals.
2 M. ocella'ta (Pers. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glandular be-
neath, emarginate at the base, truncately 2-lobed at the apex ;
FIG. 6.
lobes obtuse, divaricate ; petioles
glandless, shorter than the pedi-
cels ; bracteas narrow, very acute.
Tj . S. Native of the Antilles,
in woods. Passiflora Murucuja,
Lin. amcen. 1. t. 10. f. 10. Cav.
diss. 10. t. 287. Ker. bot. reg.
t. 574. — Plum. amer. t. 87.
Flowers deep red. Berry size of
a pigeon’s egg, flesh-coloured
when ripe. Both the syrup and
decoction of the plant is much
used in the leeward parts of Ja-
maica, where it is frequent ; and
it is said to answer effectually all
the purposes for which syrup of
poppies and liquid laudanum are
generally administered. The flowers are most in use ; they are
commonly infused in, or pow'dered and mixed immediately with
PASSIFLOREAL V. Murucuja. VI. Tacsonia.
57
wine or spirits ; and the composition is generally thought a
very effectual and easy narcotic. Browne names it bull-hoof or
Dutchman' s laudanum, which are probably the vulgar names of
the plant in Jamaica.
Var. fi ; leaves rounded at the base, somew'hat 3-lobed.
Cav. 1. c.
Small-eyed Murucuja. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1730. Sh. cl.
Cult. Climbing shrubs, with the habit of Passijldra, bearing
beautiful flowers. Their culture and propagation are the same
as that recommended for that genus, see p. 56.
VI. TACSO'NIA ( Tacso , the name of one of the species in
Peru). Juss. gen. p. 398. ann. mus. 6. p. 388. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 333.
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Pentdndria. Tube of calyx long
(f. 7. e.), with a 10-cleft limb (f. 7. a.). ; the 5 inner lobes pro-
bably petals ; throat furnished with a scaly membrane. Habit of
Passiflora.
Sect. I. Eutacs6nia (eu, well or good, and Tacsonia ; this
section contains the genuine species of the genus). D. C. prod. 3.
p. 333. Involucrum large, 3-leaved (f. 6./.); bracteas sometimes
free, sometimes joined together.
* Leaves undivided.
1 T. adulterina (Juss. ann. FIG. 6.
mus. 6. p. 393.) leaves woolly
beneath, glabrous above, ovate,
almost entire, with revolute edges ;
petioles glandless ; stipulas tooth-
ed, linear-lanceolate. . w. S.
Native of New Granada. Passi-
flora adulterina, Lin. fil. suppl.
p. 408. Smith, pi. ined. t. 24.
Flowers purple. Berry ovate,
spotted.
Adulterated Tacsonia. Sh. cl.
2 T. lana'ta (Juss. ann. mus.
6. t. 59. f. 1.) leaves woolly be-
neath, glabrous above, ovate-cor-
date, entire, with somewhat revo-
lute edges ; petioles glandless ;
stipulas narrow, hidden among the tomentum of the stem.
^2 . w. S. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 141. Flowers white ?
Woolly Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
* * Leaves 3-lobed.
3 T. trifolia'ta (Juss. 1. c. p. 393.) whole plant white from
silky tomentum; leaves trifoliate; leaflets ovate-oblong, quite
entire ; petioles glandless ; stipulas half stem-clasping, ciliated
with glands. Jj . S. Native of Peru, in the valley of Canta.
Trifoliate Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
4 T. sanguine a (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) leaves tomentose
beneath, reticulately veined, smooth above, deeply 3-lobed ;
lobes acute, serrated ; petioles glandless ; bracteas glandularly-
toothed. *2 • w S. Native of the West Indies. Passiflora
sangumea, Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 45. Flowers deep red.
Blood-coloured- flowered Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
5 T. pinnatistipula (Juss. 1. c.) leaves white from velvety
down beneath, trifid beyond the middle ; lobes serrated ; stipulas
pinnate ; petioles with 4-8 glands. T2 . vy. S. Native of Chili.
Sweet, fl. gard. new. ser. 2. t. 156. Passiflora pinnatistipula, Cav.
icon. 5. t. 428. Flowers rose-coloured or purplish ; crown deep
blue.
Var. /3, pennipes (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 48. under Passi-
flbra) stipulas palmately parted into subulate lobes, one of which
is pinnate at the apex.
VOL. III.
Pinnate- stipuled Tacsonia. Clt. 1828. Shrub cl.
6 T. micrade'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) clothed with vel-
vety tomentum ; leaves trifid, somewhat cordate, 3-5-nerved ;
lobes ovate-lanceolate, serrated ; petioles bearing small glands,
which are hidden among the tomentum ; stipulas palmately parted
into capillary lobes. \ . y_). S. Native of Peru.
Small- glanded Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
7 T. tomentosa (Juss. 1. c. p. 394.) leaves tomentose, trifid
beyond the middle, 3-nerved ; lobes ovate, serrated ; petioles
bearing 6 pedicellate glands ; stipulas falcate, serrulated on the
outside. *2 • S. Native of Peru. P. tomentosa, Cav. diss.
10. t. 275, 276. Flowers rose-coloured.
Tomentose Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
8 T. manica'ta (Juss. 1. c. t. 59. f. 2.) leaves somewhat to-
mentose beneath, trifid beyond the middle ; lobes oval-oblong,
serrated ; petioles bearing 3-4 glands at the apex ; stipulas
roundish, spreading, crestedly toothed on the outside. Tj . ^ S.
Native of Peru, about Loxa. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
2. p. 139.
Var.fi; lobes blunter and more tomentose beneath. Native
of Villa de Ybarra.
Var. y ? petioles bearing many glands. On Mount Quindiu.
Var. b; bracteas joined together at the base. On Mount
Saraguru.
Manicated- stipuled Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
Sect. II. Bracteoga'ma (from fipanoe, brakys, a cover, and
yupuQ, gamos, marriage ; in reference to the bracteas of the invo-
lucrum being joined together). D. C. prod. 3. p. 334. Bracteas
of involucrum 3, joined together into a tube.
9 T. trigona (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) leaves clothed with
hoary hairs beneath, pubescent above, deeply 3-lobed ; lobes
oblong, diverging, serrulated ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands ; sti-
pulas manicated, denticulated, awned at the apex. Ij . S.
Native of Peru. Passiflora trigona, Ruiz et Pav. ined. (v. s. in
herb. Lamb.)
Trigonal Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
10 T. peduncula'ris (Juss. 1. c. p. 395.) leaves downy on
the nerves beneath, cordate at the base, 3-nerved, trifid ; lobes
ovate, obtuse, serrated ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipulas
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated. 1? . ^. S. Native of
Peru. Passiflora peduncularis, Cav. icon. 5. t. 426. Murucuja
peduncularis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Flowers purple or rose-
coloured.
Var. fi, Dombeydna (D. C. prod. 334.) lobes of leaves acute ;
bracteas entire.
Peduncular Tacsonia. Clt. ? Shrub cl.
1 1 T. mollissima (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 144.)
leaves clothed with canescent tomentum beneath, and pubescence
above, cordate at the base, 5-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate,
acute, sharply toothed; petioles bearing 12 glands; stipulas
semi-ovate, acuminated, denticulated. T2 . S. Native of
Santa Fe de Bogota. Muruciija mollissima, Spreng. syst. 3. p.
43. Flowers rose-coloured.
Very soft Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
12 T. tripartita (Juss. 1. c. t. 60.) leaves rather tomentose
beneath, smooth above, 3-parted ; lobes lanceolate, serrated ;
petioles bearing 6-8 glands; stipulas manicated, crestedly
toothed. T2 ■ v-r S* Native of South America, in woods about
Quito. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. 2. p. 142. Flowers rose-coloured.
Tripartite- leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
13 T. mixta (Juss. 1. c. 394.) leaves glabrous, 3-lobed;
lobes oblong, serrated ; petioles bearing 6 glands ; stipulas ob-
long, acuminated, serrated on the outside. 1? . S. Native
of New' Granada. Passiflora mixta, Lin. fil. suppl. 408. Smith,
icon. ined. t. 25.
I
58
PASSIFLOREiE. VI. Tacsonia. VII. Paschanthus. VIII. Modecca.
Far. /3, longijlbra (D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.) leaves pubescent
beneath ; lateral lobes sometimes 2-lobed. Pj . S. Native
of Peru. T. longiflora and T. Tasco, Pers. ench. 2. p. 223.
Flowers rose-coloured or purplish.
Mixed Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
14 T. speciosa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 143.)
leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, reticulately 5-nerved, deeply
3-lobed ; lobes ovate-oblong, sharply serrated ; petioles bear-
ing 6-8 pedicellate glands ; stipulas suborbicular, awned, denti-
culated. P? . w. S. Native of Santa Fe de Bogota. Murucuja
speciosa, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Flowers rose-coloured.
Showy Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
15 T. glabe'rrima (Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 394.) leaves gla-
brous, coriaceous, 3-lobed ; lobes oval-lanceolate, stiffly ser-
rated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; stipulas glove-formed,
dentately crested. Tj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes
in shady places. Flowers purple.
Quite-glabrous Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
16 T. anastomosans (Lamb. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.)
leaves glabrous, coriaceous, cuneated at the base, 3-nerved, trifid ;
lobes ovate-lanceolate, callously serrated ; petioles bearing 4
glands ; stipulas ovate, awned, callously serrated. P2 . S.
Native of Peru.
Anastomosing-ve ined Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
17 T. parvifolia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.) leaves glabrous,
glaucous beneath, 3-5-nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate-lanceolate,
acutely serrated ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipulas semi-cor-
date, acuminated, nearly entire. P2 . S. Native of Peru.
Ruiz et Pav. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.)
Small-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
Sect. III. Distepha'na (from big, dis, double, and areiparog,
stcphanos, a crown ; in reference to the double crown in the
throat). Juss. 1. c. D. C. prod. 3. p. 335. — Distephia, Salisb.
in litt. Involucrum small, 3-leaved ; leaflets free, biglandular
in the axils. Throat of calyx bearing a membranous tube, and
a series of ligulse.
18 T. glandulosa (Juss. 1. c. p. 391.) leaves glabrous, co-
riaceous, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, feather-nerved; petioles
biglandular at the base, about equal in length to the pedicels ;
bracteas subulate, near the flower. Pj . S. Native of
Cayenne. Passiflora glandulosa, Cav. diss. 10. t. 281.
Var. /3, canaliculata (D. C. 1. c.) petioles thicker, and chan-
nelled at the base.
Glandular Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
19 T. Rohria'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.) leaves glabrous,
coriaceous, ovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, feather-
nerved ; petioles biglandular at the base, one-half shorter than
the pedicels ; bracteas subulate, remote from the flower. Pj .
S. Native of Cayenne.
Rohr’s Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
20 T. Stoupya'na (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous,
ovate, acuminated, quite entire, feather-nerved ; petioles biglan-
dular at the base ; bracteas oval, obtuse, foliaceous. P? . S.
Native of Cayenne. Cav. diss. 10. t. 281. lit. x.
Stoupy’s Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
21 T. citrifolia (Juss. 1. c. p. 392. in a note,) leaves oval,
coriaceous, quite entire, feather-nerved ; petioles biglandular at
the apex. 1? • S. Native of Cayenne, (v. s. herb. Juss.)
Citron-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
t Species belonging to section Distephana, but doubtful.
22 T. quadriglandulosa (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, obtuse
at the base, unequally serrated : superior ones oblong; inferior
ones 3-lobed : recesses of the lobes of the leaves, petioles, and
bracteas bearing 4 glands each. P? . <_r S. Native of Guiana,
in woods, in the Island of Arowabisch. Passiflora quadriglan-
dulosa, Meyer, esseq. p. 226.
Four-glanded Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
23 T. quadridenta'ta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, ovate-
lanceolate, feather-nerved, with a few coarse acute teeth ; pe-
tioles biglandular at the base ; bracteas oblong, biglandular. Pj .
S. Native of the West Indies.
Four-toothedAeaxed Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
24 T. pube'scens (D. C. 1. c.) leaves pubescent, ovate, lan-
ceolate ; petioles biglandular at the base ; bracteas ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, glandularly serrated, and glandular on the
back. ^2 • v‘ S. Native of the East Indies.
Downy Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
Sect. IV. Psila'nthus (from \pi\og, psilos, naked, and avdog,
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the flowers being naked, or
without the involucrum). D. C. prod. 3. p. 335. Involucrum
none under the flower.
25 T. trine'rvia (Juss. 1. c. t. 58.) leaves tomentose beneath,
oval, 3-nerved ; nerves protruding so much as to form teeth ;
petioles glandless ; calyx 10-lobed. Tj . S. Native of South
America, in shady places at the river Cassiquiare. H. B. et
Kunth, 1. c. p. 142. Flowers rose-coloured ?
Three-nerved- leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
26 T. ? viridiflora (Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 389.) leaves pel-
tate, 3-lobed ; calyx 5-lobed. P? . S. Native of Mexico,
in the vicinity of Acapulco. Passiflora viridiflora, Cav. icon. 5.
t. 424. Intermediate between Tacsonia, Passiflora, and Muru-
cuja. Flowers green.
Green-flowered Tacsonia. Shrub cl.
Cult. The species have the habit of Passiflora, and some of
them are equally showy. Their culture and propagation are the
same, see p. 56.
VII. PASCHA'NTHUS (from iraa-gu, pasclio, to be in a pas-
sion, and avSog, anthos, a flower ; the same meaning as Passi-
flora). Burch, trav. 1. p. 543. D. C. prod. 3. p. 336.
Lin. syst. Polygdmia, Monoecia. Flowers polygamous.
Calyx permanent, tubular, 10-cleft; 5 outer lobes ovate : 5 inner
ones oblong-linear, petaloid, or rather truly petals. Stamens 5,
free. Anthers linear, inserted by the base. Ovarium stipitate.
Stigmas 3, very short. Capsule subbaccate, 3-valved, 6-seeded.
Seeds ornamented with red fleshy aril. — Habit of Passiflora.
1 P. repa'ndus (Burch. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glaucous, ob-
long-linear, repand, 1 -nerved, bearing 3 glands beneath ; petioles
very short, glandless ; peduncles bearing a tendril, and two 1-
flowered pedicels. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Repand- leaved Paschanthus. Shrub cl.
Cult. This very singular plant, being a native of the Cape of
Good Hope, will thrive in a green-house, and will form an excel-
lent climber for the rafters. Its culture and propagation are the
same as that recommended for Passiflora, see p. 56.
VIII. MODE CCA (East Indian name of one of the species).
Rheed. mal. 8. t. 20-23. Lam. diet. 4. p. 208. Blum, bijdr. p.
938. D. C. prod. 3. p. 336.
Lin. syst. Dioecia, Monadelphia. Flowers dioecious. Calyx
permanent, campanulate, 10-cleft (f. 8. b.): 5 outer lobes oval
acute : 5 inner lobes petaloid or probably petals (f. 8. b.). Scales
5-10 (f. 8. c.), rarely wanting, rising from the calyx. Stamens
5, inserted in the torus ? monadelphous : anthers standing.
Ovarium (f. 8. d.) on a short stipe. Stigmas 3, petaloid (f. 8. e.).
Capsule bladdery, 1- celled, 3-valved, one or many-seeded. Seeds
furrowed by rows of tubercles (f. 8 ./.), arillate, fixed to 3 pa-
rietal placentas, which are adnate to the middle of the valves. —
Habit of plants between Passiflora and Bryonia.
PASSIFLORE.E. VIII. Modecca. IX. Deidamia. X. Vareca.
59
1 M. palma'ta (Lam. diet. 4. p. 209.) leaves glabrous,
variously palmately lobed, glandular beneath ; stipulas spines-
cent; pedicels bractless. Tj . y_,. S. Native of Malabar.
Flowers yellowish. Probably many species are confused under
this name.
Var. a, Narola (D. C. prod. 3. p. 336.) lobes of calyx acumi-
nated ; petaloid lobes or petals wanting ; fruit globose. — Rheed.
mal. 8. t. 20.
Var. /3, palmodecca (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of calyx acutish ; pe-
taloid lobes or petals feathered palmately ; fruit globose. 1? .
S. Rheed. 1. c. t. 21.
Var. y, Motta (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of calyx very much acumi-
nated ; petaloid lobes or petals wanting ; fruit ovate. — Rheed.
1. c. t. 22.
Palmate- leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
2 M. loba'ta (Jacq. fragm. t.
131.) leaves glabrous, cordate at
the base, 3-5-7-lobed, glandless ;
petioles biglandular at the apex ;
pedicels bractless. J2 • S.
Native of Sierra Leone. Ker,
bot. reg. t. 131. Flowers yel-
lowish. (f. 8.)
Lobed- leaved Modecca. FI.
Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrubcl.
3 M. integrifolia (Lam.
diet. 4. p. 209.) leaves glabrous,
ovate-lanceolate, usually entire,
much acuminated; pedicels bract-
less, very short, few-flowered ;
fruit globose. Tj . S. Native
of Malabar. — Rheed. mal. 8. t.
23.
Entire-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
4 M. Wightia'na (Wall. cat. no. 6764.) smooth ; leaves cor-
date, triangularly ovate, entire ; tendrils simple ; capsule blad-
dery ; seeds scrobiculate. S. Native of the East Indies,
on the Gingee Hills. Like M. integrifolia, Lam.
Wight’s Modecca. Shrub cl.
5 M. alie'na (Wall. cat. no. 6766.) leaves deeply cordate at
the base, oblong, acuminated ; lobes at the base rounded ; pedi-
cels umbellate on the top of shortish peduncles ; tendrils simple.
1? . S. Native of Silhet.
Alien Modecca. Shrub cl.
6 M. acumina'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 940.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, and biauriculate ;
flowers racemose, rising from elongated axillary tendrils ; fruit
ovate, acuminated. J? . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak.
Allied to M. integrifolia according to Blume.
Acuminated-fxmted Modecca. Shrub cl.
7 M. heterophy'lla (Blum, bijdr. p. 940.) leaves undivided
or 3-lobed, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, and some-
what biauriculate ; fruit oblong, acuminated at both ends. Tj .
S. Native of Java, on Mount Gede.
V ariable-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
8 M. diversif6lia (Wall. cat. no. 6763.) smooth; lower leaves
triangularly ovate ; upper ones 3-lobed, peltate at the base :
lateral lobes sometimes bifid ; pedicels 1-flowered, bractless ;
tendrils simple. T? . S. Native of the East Indies. Fruit
bladdery, 3-valved. Root tuberous. Momordica heterophy'lla,
Wight, mss.
Diverse-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
9 M. cordifolia (Blum, bijdr. p. 939.) leaves membranous,
on short petioles, cordate, mucronulate, biauriculate at the base ;
flowers corymbose, dichotomous, rising from elongated axillary
tendrils. Tj . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak.
Heart-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
10 M. obtu'sa (Blum, bijdr. p. 939.) leaves coriaceous, ob-
long-cordate, obtuse, biauriculate at the base ; flowers corym-
bose, dichotomous, rising from short axillary tendrils. T? . S.
Native of Java, on Mount Salak.
Obtuse -leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
11 M. parviflora ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, acumi-
nated, glabrous ; tendrils simple ; peduncles axillary, dichoto-
mous. J2 • S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers small,
yellow.
Small -flowered Modecca. Shrub cl.
12 M. macrophy'lla (Blum, bijdr. p. 939.) leaves coria-
ceous, oval, bluntish at both ends, somewhat auriculated at the
base ; flowers corymbose, dichotomous, rising from axillary ten-
drils. Tj . S. Native of Java, on Mounts Salak, Parang, &c.
Long-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl.
13 M. austra'lis (R. Br. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.)
leaves glabrous, somewhat peltate at the base, cordate, running
down the petiole in an auriculated manner at the base, acute,
entire, glandless. T? . S. Native of New Holland, in the
gulph of Carpentaria.
Southern Modecca. Shrub cl.
14 M. ? bractea'ta (Lam. diet. p. 210.) leaves scabrous
from tubercles on both surfaces, palmately lobed, emarginate at
the base ; pedicels bracteate, racemose ; calyxes somewhat ser-
rated. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies.
Bracteated Modecca. Shrub cl.
Cuk. See Passiflora, p. 56. for culture and propagation. The
flowers of the species are by no means showy.
IX. DEIDA'MIA (a mythological name, daughter of Lyco-
medes, king of Scyros). Pet. Th. gen. pi. afr. 2. p. 61. t. 20.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Penta-Octdndria. Calyx 5-8-part-
ed ; lobes petaloid ; crown a simple series of filamentose appen-
dages, rising from the interior part of the calyx. Stamens equal
in number to the lobes of the calyx ; filaments joined at the
base into a column. Ovarium ovate. Styles 3-4. Capsule
pedicellate, 3-4-valved. Seeds arillate. — Climbing Madagascar
shrubs, with axillary tendrils, impari-pinnate leaves, and glan-
dular petioles.
1 D. Noronhia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.) leaflets obovate,
somewhat cuneated at the base, emarginate at the apex ; pedun-
cles 2-3-flowered ; flowers pentandrous. b . S. Native of
Madagascar. D. alata, Pet. Th. 1. c. t. 20. Flowers brownish.
Noronh’s Deidamia. Shrub cl.
2 D. Commersonia'na (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets elliptic, mucro-
nate at the apex ; peduncles 5-7- flowered ; flowers pentandrous.
*2 • v^. S. Native of Madagascar.
Commerson s Deidamia. Shrub cl.
3 D. Thompsonia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.) leaves elliptic,
hardly mucronate, rather coriaceous; peduncles 5-7-flowered;
flowers octandrous. Tj • \j' S. Native of Madagascar. Passi-
flora octandra, Thompson in herb. Lamb.
Thompson s Deidamia. Shrub cl.
Cull. See Passiflora, p. 56. for culture and propagation.
X. VARE'CA (altered from Walwareka, the name of the
fruit in Ceylon). Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 219. t. 6. f. 6. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 337.
Lin. syst. unknown. Flowers unknown. Berry 1-celled ;
pulp divided into numerous partial cells for the reception of the
seeds. Placentas 3, parietal, many-seeded.
1 V. Zeyla'nica (Gaertn. 1. c.) Native of Ceylon. Nothing
but the fruit of this plant is known.
Ceylon Vareca. Shrub cl. ?
1 2
FIG. 8.
GO
MALESHERBIACEiE. I. Malesherbia. LOASEAS.
Cult. See Passijldra, p. 56. for culture and propagation.
Order CVI. MALESHERBIA'CEAi (this order only con-
tains the genus Malesherbia ). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ.
1827. p. 321. — Passifloreae, Tribe III. — Maleslierbieae, D. C.
prod. 3. p. 337.
Calyx tubular (f. 9. h.), membranous, inflated, 5-lobed (f. 9.
a.) ; lobes imbricated in aestivation. Petals 5 (f. 9. b.), alter-
nating with the segments of the calyx, permanent, convolute in
aestivation, arising on the outside of the short membranous crown
(f. 9. e.). Stamens 5-10, perigynous ; filaments filiform, dis-
tinct, or connected with the stipe of the ovarium ; anthers versa-
tile. Ovarium superior (f. 9. g.), stipitate, 1 -celled, with the
placentas at the base, from which the ovules arise by the inter-
vention of umbilical cords. Styles 3, filiform, very long, arising
from distinct points at the apex of the ovarium (f.9. d.) ; stigmas
clavate. Fruit capsular, 1-celled, 3-valved, membranous more or
less, many-seeded. Seeds attached by umbilical cords to pla-
centas, arising either from the axis of the valves, or from their
base ; testa crustaceous, brittle, with a fleshy crest, and no
arillus. Embryo terete in the centre of fleshy albumen, with
the radicle next thehylum. — Herbaceous or half shrubby plants,
clothed with glandular pubescence. Leaves alternate, simple
lobed, without stipulas. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary,
yellow or blue.
This order agrees with Passiflorece on the one hand, and Tur-
ner acece on the other. From the former they differ in the inser-
tion of their styles, in their versatile anthers, in their short pla-
centas, membranous fruit, terete embryo, want of arillus, and
stipulas ; and altogether in their habit. From Turneracece, to
which their habit nearly allies them, they differ in the presence
of a perigynous membrane, in the remarkable insertion of the
styles, and in the want of all trace of an arillus; agreeing with
that order in the aestivation of the corolla, and in the principal
other points of their structure. The plants are unknown except
as objects of great beauty.
I. MALESHE/RBIA (in memory of Christian William de
Lamoignon Malesherbes, born at Paris in 1721, a great patron
of the sciences). Ruiz et Pav. prod. p. 45. D. Don, 1. c. D. C.
prod. 1. c. — Gynopleura, Cav. icon. 4. p. 51.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Character the same as
that of the order.
1 M. thyrsiflora (Ruiz et Pav. prod. p. 457. et Hook. bot.
misc. vol. 2. p. 220.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, sinuately
toothed, tomentose ; tube of calyx long, with a contracted throat;
crown 10-cleft, with the segments 2-4-toothed. . G. Native
of Peru, in exposed argillaceous soil. Gynopleura tubulosa,
Cav. icon. 4. t. 375. Flowers yellow.
Tlnjrse-Jlowered Malesherbia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 M. paniccjla'ta (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. 1827. p.
321.) leaves oblong, obtuse, ciliated, pinnatifid : upper ones
nearly entire ; throat of calyx dilated ; crown simple, acutely
toothed. Tj . G. Native of the north of Chili. Flowers yellow ?
Panicled-f\ owered Malesherbia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
3 M. linearifolia (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. Jan. 1832.)
villous ; leaves linear, entire ; throat of calyx dilated ; crown
10-cleft, w'ith toothed segments. fj . ? G. Native of Chili,
especially in the tract of Portilla, near Mendoza. Gynopleura
linearifolia, Cav. icon. 4. p. 52. t. 376. Flowers white.
Linear-leaved Malesherbia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
4 M. hu'mjlis (D. Don, 1. c.) plant very villous ; leaves jag-
ged; throat of calyx dilated; crown simple, erosely toothed;
anthers roundish. Tj . G. Native of Chili about Coquimbo.
Stems procumbent. Flowers w'hite.
Dwarf Malesherbia. FI. Aug. Clt. 1832. PI. procumbent.
5 M. corona'ta (D. Don, 1. c.)
plant clothed with glandular pu- FIG. 9.
bescence ; leaves linear, sinuately
toothed ; throat of calyx dilat-
ed ; crown simple, toothed. V? .
G. Native of Chili, at Valpa-
raiso. Flowers blue ; crown
white. Sweet, fl. gard. new. ser.
t. 167. (f. 9.)
Crowned Malesherbia. Fl.Aug.
Oct. Clt. 1832. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 M. fascicula'ta (D. Don,
1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated, quite entire ; flowers in
fascicles; crown 10-cleft, with
the segments tridentate. \ . G.
Native of Chili. A stiff erect
shrub. Flowers small, in bundles
at the tops of the branches.
Fascicled-^ owered Malesherbia
7 M. tenuifolia (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1832.)
leaves nearly pinnate ; segments linear ; calyx tubular ; crown
deeply lobed. ©. G. Native of the south of Peru, in the
province of Tarapaca at Huataconda, where it is commonly
called Agi de Zorra, i. e. Fox capsicum. Flowers reddish, ac-
cording to the dried specimen.
Fine-leaved Malesherbia. Fl. Feb. PI. J foot.
Cult. This genus is composed of curious plants, bearing very
showy singular flowers, and are therefore worthy of culture as
ornaments. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or any light rich
earth is a good soil for them. The shrubby species may
either be increased by seeds ; or young cuttings will root if
planted in light soil, under a hand-glass. The seeds of annual
kinds require to be sown in a hot-bed, in order to forward the
plants ; and after they have grown an inch in height, they may
be potted off into small pots, and afterwards shifted into pots of
increasing size, as they grow. Some of them may be planted
out into the open border, in a sheltered situation, where they
will probably flower and seed freely.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Order CVII. LOA'SEAE (plants agreeing with Loasa, in
important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 18. diet. sc. nat.
27. p. 93. D. C. prod. 3. p. 339. — Loaseae-verae, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 115.
Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium, or girding it closely
(f. 10. a. f. 12. a.) ; limb 5-parted (f. 11. a. f. 12. a.), rarely
4-parted, permanent. Petals equal in number to the lobes of
the calyx (f. 12. b. f. 11. b.), with an inflexed valvate aesti-
vation, or double that number (f. 10. &.), and disposed in
2 series ; those of inner series, when present, usually much
smaller (f. 10. b.) than those of the outer, scale-formed and
truncate at the apex, inserted in the throat of the calyx.
Stamens indefinite, arising from within the petals, disposed in
several series, either distinct (f. 10. c.), or joined at the base in
several parcels before each petal, within the cavity of which
they lie in aestivation ; filaments subulate (f. 10. g.), unequal,
the outer ones frequently destitute of anthers. Ovarium adnate
LOASEiE. I. Bartonia.
61
to the calyx (f. 10. a. f. 11. e.), or inclosed within it, 1 -celled, with
several parietal placentas (f. 11.), or with 1 free central lobed
one. Style 1, composed of 3-5-7-joined ones, crowned by as
many lobes or stigmas. Capsule dry or succulent, crowned by the
calyx (f. 10. d. f. 11. g. f. 12. c.), 1-celled, with several parietal
placentas (f. 11.), originating at the sutures, and therefore may
be called marginal, 3-4-7-valved ; placentas equal in number to
the valves, sometimes drawn out so far as to form dissepiments
(f. 11./.). Seeds numerous, without arillus. Embryo lying in
the axis of a fleshy albumen ; with the radicle pointing to the
hilum, and flat small cotyledons. — American herbs more or less
pilose or hispid, with the hairs or bristles usually stinging like
those of the nettle, in consequence of their secreting an acrid
juice. Leaves opposite or alternate, exstipulate, simple, but
usually variously divided. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered.
Flowers elegant. This order is distinguished from Onagrariece
by its unilocular ovaria, and indefinite stamens, part of which
are sterile ; and perhaps by the latter character, and the addi-
tional 5 petals, connected with Passi/lcrece, with which they
sometimes also accord in habit. Their rigid stinging hairs,
climbing habit, and lobed leaves resemble those of some Urti -
cece. On the same account they may be compared with Cucur-
bitacece, with which they further agree in their inferior unilocular
fruit, with parietal placentas, and in the very generally yellow
colour of their flowers. This, indeed, is the order with which,
upon the whole, Loasece must be considered to have the closest
affinity.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Bartonia. Tube of calyx cylindrical (f. 10. a.); limb 5-
parted (f. 10. a.). Petals 5-10 (f. 10. b.), about equal in shape.
Stamens numerous (f. 10. c.). Capsule 3-7-valved ; each pla-
centa bearing 2 rows of seeds.
2 Beumenba'chia. Tube of calyx spirally twisted (f. 11. e.);
limb 5 -parted (f. 11. g.). Petals 10 (f. 11. 5.); 5 outer ones
cucullate, and the 5 inner ones scale-formed, each scale inclosing
2 sterile filaments. Fertile stamens disposed in 5 bundles (f.
11. b.). Fruit dividing into 10 parts at the base.
3 Loa'sa. Tube of calyx not twisted (f. 12. a.) ; limb 5-
parted (f. 12. c.). Petals 10 (f. 12. b.); the 5 inner ones scale-
formed, bearing 2 sterile filaments inside. Outer series of
stamens sterile and free ; inner ones disposed in 5 bundles, but
distinct. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved at the apex.
4 Caiophora. The fruit is oval, bursting into 3 valves from
the base upwards ; the placentas then separate from the sides of
the capsule, and have the appearance of 3 arched columellae.
The rest as in Loasa.
5 Mentze'lia. Tube of calyx cylindrical (f. 13. b.); limb
5-lobed (f. 13. d.). Petals 5 (f. 13. a.). Stamens free, usually
disposed in bundles (f. 13. e.). Capsule turbinate, 3-valved,
few-seeded (f. 13./.).
6 Klaprothia. Calyx with a turbinate tube, and a 5-
parted limb. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, 4-5 sterile in front
of each sepal, and 4-5 fertile in front of each petal. Fruit
baccate, few-seeded.
I. BARTO'NIA (Benj. S. Barton, M. D., professor of botany
at Philadelphia). Sims, bot. mag. t. 1487. Nutt. gen. amer.
1. p. 297. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 327. D. C. prod. 3. p.
339. but not of Willd.
Lin. syst. Icos&ndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx cylin-
drical (f.10. a.), closely girding the ovarium, but probably distinct
from it ; limb 5-parted (f. 10. a.), permanent. Petals 5-10 (f. 10.
b.), unguiculate, the same shape, inserted in the calyx. Stamens
indefinite (f. 10. c.), inserted with the petals, but shorter than
them ; filaments free (f. 10. c.) ; outer ones sometimes sterile;
anthers oblong. Style filiform (f. 10. e.), marked with 3-7 spi-
ral stripes (f. 10. e.). Capsule oblong, 1-celled, 3-7-valved;
placentas bearing 2 rows of seeds each. Seeds compres-
sed.— Herbs downy from stiff and bearded hairs. Leaves
alternate, interruptedly pinnatifid. Flowers large, terminal,
solitary, white or yellow, expanding in the evening, becoming
reddish as they fade.
1 B. orna'ta (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 297.) lobes of leaves
acutish ; capsule surrounded by bracteas, 5-7-valved ; seeds some-
what emarginate. $ . F. Native of Upper Louisiana, in argil-
laceous soil, on the banks of the river Missouri. B. decapetala,
Sims, bot. mag. 1487. Petals 10, white.
Ornamental Bartonia. Fl.Jul. Sept. Clt. 1811. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 B. nu'da (Nutt. 1. c.) lobes of leaves obtuse; capsule 3-
valved, naked ; seeds winged ; outer stamens petaloid, usually
sterile. $ . F. Native on the banks of the Missouri, on gra-
velly hills. Petals 10.
.NaAed-fruited Bartonia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1811. Pl.lto2ft.
3 B. E/evicau'lis (Dougl. mss.
ex Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 221.
t. 69.) petals 5 ; petaloid stamens
5 ; bracteas wanting ; stems
very smooth ; seeds winged. Q.
H. Native of North America,
on the gravelly islands and rocky
shores of the Columbia, near the
Great Falls. Flowers shining,
yellow. An ornamental plant,
not inferior to B. orndta, but
differs from it in the want of the
large, jagged bracteas, as well as
in its fewer petals and winged 9
seeds.
Smooth-stemmed Bartonia. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
4 B. parviflora (Dough mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 221.) petals 5; petaloid stamens 5-7; bracteas wanting;
stem scabrous; seeds winged. $ . F.^ Native of North Ame-
rica ; abundant in calcareous rocky situations, and micacious
sandy banks of streams, in the interior parts of Columbia.
Flowers smaller than those of the preceding species, but it is
probably hardly more than a variety of that plant. It differs
from B. nuda, Nutt, in the number of the petals. The name
would be more applicable to the following species.
Small-fomercd Bartonia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 B. albicau'lis (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
222.) petals 5, obovate, small ; petaloid stamens wanting ; brac-
teas wanting ; stems short, shining, white. ©. H. Native of
North America, on arid sandy plains of the river Colombia,
under the shade of Purshia tridentata. Mentzelia albicaulis,
Dougl. mss. Acrolasia bartonioides, Presl. reliq. Haenk. 2. p.
39. t. 55. Petals yellow.
White-stemmed Bartonia. PI. decumbent.
6 B. albe'scens (Arnott, in Cheek, journ. 3. p. 273.) stem
with a white shining epidermis ; leaves sinuately toothed ; cap-
sule naked, 3-valved ; seed broadly marginate ; flowers dis-
62
L0ASE7E. II. Blumenbachia. III. Loasa.
posed in a leafy panicle. $ . F. Native of Chili, in the Jarillal,
or uncultivated grounds between Mendoza and the mountains;
generally by the side of dry water courses, at about 3000 feet
above the level of the sea. Sweet, fl. gard. new ser. t. 182.
B. sinuata, Presl. reliq. Hsenk. 2. p. 38. Petals 10, pale yel-
low. Filaments all dilated. Stigmas 3-lobed. This species does
not turn black on drying, as in the other species, and is readily
distinguished from them by the beautiful white down on the stem.
Hoary Bartonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1831. PI. 1 to 4 feet.
Cult. The seeds of the species should be raised in a gentle
heat in spring ; and when the plants are of a proper size, they
should be potted separately in small pots, and shifted from size to
size of pots as they grow ; the pots should be well drained with
sherds ; and in the winter they should be placed on a dry shelf
in a greenhouse or frame. The flowers are very showy, and the
plants are therefore worth cultivating in every garden.
II. BLUMENBA'CHIA (in honour of John Freder. Blum-
enbach, M.D. professor of medicine at Gottingen, chiefly dis-
tinguished as a comparative anatomist). Schrad. in goett. anz.
1825. p. 1707. Comm. soc. goett. vol. 6. with a figure. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 340. but not of Keel.
Lin. syst. Polydelpliia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted (f.
11. g.), with the tube adhering to the ovarium. Petals 5 (f. 11.
b.), inserted in the top of the calycine tube, cucullate, equal,
spreading. Scales 5 (f. 11. b.), alternating with the petals, and
inserted with them, furnished with 3 sterile filaments at the
back of each, and clasping 2 subulate appendages inside.
Stamens indefinite, inserted in the top of the calycine tube (f.
11. b.), disposed in 5 bundles, one opposite each petal ; anthers
2-celled, bursting inwardly. Ovarium joined to the tube of the
calyx. Style simple (f. 11. /.). Capsule marked with 10
spiral ribs, 1 -celled, 10-valved; 5 of the valves thicker and
broader than the other 5, with the placentas not reaching the
axis ; the other 5 narrower, with placentas almost reaching the
axis (f. 1 1 . h.), and bearing the seeds. Seeds rugged. — Branched,
climbing, or trailing herbs, covered with stinging hairs. Leaves
opposite, lobed. Flowers axillary, solitary, bracteate.
1 B. insignis (Schrad. 1. c.) lower leaves 7-5-lobed ; upper
ones deeply bipinnatifid. ©. H. Native of Chili and Brazil,
in the provinces of Cisplatine and Rio Grande do Sul, and about
Monte Video ; also of Buenos Ayres. Reich, icon. exot.
t. 121. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 170. B. parviflora, Gill. mss.
Loasa palmata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 601. Trevir. in act. bot. 13.
p. 181. t. 12. Loasa patula, Graham, in edinb. phil. journ.
Oct. 1827. Flowers with whitish petals and reddish-yellow
scales.
Showy Blumenbachia. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1826. PI. tr.
2 B. palma'ta (St. Hil. fl.
bras. 2. p. 208.) leaves deeply
and palmately 3-5-lobed ; lobes
pinnatifid. ©. H. Native of
Brazil, on the confines of the
province of Rio Grande de St.
Pedro do Sul. Flowers with
white petals ; scales with ciliated
edges, yellow at the base, lined
with white, and red above it,
tipped with vermilion colour.
Palmate-leaved Blumenbachia.
PI. tr.
3 B. LATIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl.
bras. 2. p. 209. t. 118.) leaves
trifoliate ; lateral segments 3-
lobed, unequal-sided, terminal
one equal-sided, 3-5-lobed. ©
FIG. 11.
province of St. Paul, between the towns of Rio Grande de St.
Pedro do Sul and St. Francisco de Paulo. Flowers with white
petals, and yellow scales tipped with orange colour, (f. 11.)
Broad- leaved Blumenbachia. PI. tr.
4 B. punicea ; plant very hispid ; leaves opposite, pinnati-
fid, having the segments jagged ; calycine lobes jagged, shorter
than the petals, which are cucullate ; bundles of stamens poly-
androus. ©. H. Native of Peru. Loasa punicea, Ruiz et
Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 446. ined. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
Scarlet Blumenbachia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 B. pterospe'bma ; hispid ; leaves opposite, pinnatifid, rather
cordate at the base; segments toothed; peduncles long, 1-
flowered, axillary ; calycine segments toothed, shorter than the
petals, which are cucullate; bundles of stamens polyandrous;
stem climbing; seeds bordered by a wing. ©. H. Native of
Peru. Loasa pterosperma, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 448.
(v. s. herb. Lamb.)
Winged-seeded Blumenbachia. PI. cl.
6 B. sepia'ria ; stem climbing ; leaves opposite, pinnatifid,
with the segments pinnatifid or coarsely toothed ; peduncles
long, axillary, 1-flowered; calycine segments jagged, linear,
longer than the petals, which are cucullate ; bundles of stamens
polyandrous. ©. H. Native of Peru. Loasa sepiaria, Ruiz
et Pav. fl. per. 5 t. 449. ined.
Hedge Blumenbachia. PI. cl.
7 B. micra'ntha ; hispid ; leaves opposite, ovate, serrated,
petiolate ; peduncles many-flowered, racemose, terminal, and
rising from the forks of the stem ; calycine lobes ovate, much
shorter than the petals, which are cucullate, and holding 2 sta-
mens each. ©. H. Native of Peru. Flowers very small.
Loasa micrantha, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 442.
Small -flowered Blumenbachia. PI. 1 foot.
8 B. grandiflora ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong, runci-
nate, acute, somewhat cordate at the base ; pedicels 1-flowered,
rising from the forks of them ; stem climbing. ©. H. Native
of Peru. Loasa contorta, Lam. diet. 3. p. 579. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 340. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 3. f. 1. Loitsa physiope-
tala, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 447. ined. Flowers yellow.
Great-flowered Blumenbachia. PI. cl.
Cult. Elegant annual plants, with very showy flowers ; their
culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for
the species of Loasa, see p. 64.
III. LOA'SA (meaning unknown to us). Adan. fam. 2. p.
501. Jacq. obs. 2. p. 15. Schreb. gen. no. 908. Juss. gen.
p. 322. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. Lam. ill. t. 426. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 340. — Ortiga, Feuill. per. 2. p. 757. Neck. elem. no. 1221.
Loosa, Lin. prael. ed. gis. p. 334.
Lin. syst. Polydelpliia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-cleft, with
the tube adhering to the ovarium (f. 12. a.). Petals 5 (f. 12. b.),
cucullate, equal, spreading, inserted in the top of the tube ;
scales 5, inserted with the petals, furnished with 3 sterile fila-
ments on the back of each, and girding 2 subulate appendages
inside. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the top of the calycine
tube, disposed in 5 bundles (f. 12. b.), opposite the petals ;
anthers 2-celled, bursting inwardly. Ovarium joined to the
calyx. Capsule crowned by the lobes of the calyx (f. 12. a.),
S-valved at the top, 1 -celled ; placentas linear, alternating with
the valves. Seeds rugged. — Branched, decumbent, or climbing
herbs, beset with stinging hairs. Leaves alternate, or opposite,
toothed or lobed. Flowers axillary, extra-axillary, or opposite
the leaves, solitary or racemose.
* Leaves opposite.
1 L. triloba (Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. t. 1. f. 3.) leaves
cordate at the base, usually 3-lobed : lobes acute, toothed ;
middle lobe usually somewhat 3-lobed ; pedicels axillary ; caly-
LOASE.E.
III. Loasa.
63
cine lobes small, acute. ©• H. Native of Peru and Chili,
about Valparaiso. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 444. ined. Scales
petaloid, equally and bluntly 3-lobed. Flowers small.
Three-lobed-\eaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot.
2 L. acerjfolia (Juss. 1. c. p. 24. t. 1 . f. 2.) leaves nearly
opposite, cordate at the base, 5-7-lobed; lobes acute, toothed;
pedicels shorter than the floral leaves ; calycine lobes oblong,
acuminated. © ? H. Native of Chili and Peru. Loasa viti-
folia, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 443. ined. L. tricolor, Ker.
bot. reg. 667. Scales as in L. triloba, but the calycine lobes
are twice the length. Flowers with yellow petals and red scales.
Maple-leaved, Loasa. PI. tr.
3 L. bryonialfolia (Schrad. cat. hort. goett. 1823. pi. rar.
hort. goett. with a figure) leaves cordate, lower ones 5-lobed,
stalked, upper ones 3-lobed, almost sessile ; all the lobes are
sinuately lobed ; pedicels exceeding the floral leaves ; lobes of
calyx a little toothed, acuminated. ©. H. Native of Chili.
Stem erect, bristly. Flowers yellow, hardly smaller than those
of L. acerifolia. Stigma blunt. Seeds without aril ; hylum
lateral.
Bryony-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot.
4 L. nitida (Lam. diet. 3. p. 581.) leaves cordate at the base,
many-lobed ; lobes acute, toothed, lower ones usually pfnna-
tifid ; pedicels axillary ; calycine lobes oblong, toothed, shorter
than the petals ; wings of the corona very small, toothed, and
stalked ; stamens much shorter than the petals ; style straight,
shorter than the stamens ; sepals erect, much shorter than
the pear-shaped fruit. ©• H. Native of Chili and Peru,
on the mountains. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 2. f. 2.
Trat. tabl. 1. t. 23. Hook. exot. fl. t. 83. bot. mag. 2372.
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 445. Petals spreadingly reflexed,
yellow, red at the base ; scales red. Lobes of leaves bluntish.
Stems prostrate.
Var.fi; leaves more deeply lobed; lobes narrower. — Chili,
about Valparaiso. L. tricolor, Lindl. bot. reg. 667.
Shining Loasa. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1822. Pl.tr.
5 L. sagitta'ta (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 238.) stems
twining, pubescent ; leaves all petiolate, opposite, cordately-
sagittate, acuminated, with rather lobed margins : the lobes
crenated ; peduncles axillary and terminal, few-flowered ; caly-
cine lobes ovate-oblong. ©. r'. H. Native of Chiloe. There
has none of the stinging hairs, so peculiar to this genus, been
observed on this species.
Sagittate- leaved Loasa. PI. tw.
6 L. elonga'ta (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 239.) stems
much elongated, nearly simple, shining ; leaves remote, oppo-
site, petiolate, cordate at the base, 5-7-lobed ; peduncles axil-
lary, few-flowered, twice the length of the leaves ; calycine
lobes broadly ovate, shorter than the petals, which are red ; fruit
hemispherical. Q. H. Native of Chili, about Coquimbo.
Elongated- stemmed Loasa. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 L. prostra’ta (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. journ.
3. p. 274.) stems prostrate, flexuous ; leaves opposite, sessile,
cordate, ovate, deeply angular ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered,
about twice the length of the leaves ; calycine lobes lanceolate,
longer than the fruit, and about equal in length to the petals ;
valves of capsule closely beset by long, rigid hairs ; seeds egg-
shaped, large, with a smooth testa. ©. H. Native of Chili,
on La Cuesta de los Manantiales, Cerro de San Pedro Nolasco,
&c. Plant covered with long, rigid, stinging hairs.
V ar. fi, Cumingii (Hook, et Arnott, in bot. misc. 3. p. 239.)
segments of leaves bipinnatifidly and sinuately toothed. About
Valparaiso, and on the mountains near Aconcugua. In the spe-
cies the segments of the leaves are simply and sinuately toothed.
Prostrate Loasa. PI. prostrate.
8 L. fa'llida (Gill. mss. ex Arn. in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p.
274.) epidermis of stem loose, and shining ; leaves opposite, all pe-
tiolate, ovate, coarsely toothed ; panicles opposite, axillary, much
longer than the leaves ; pedicels short, in the forks, about equal
in length to the flowers ; calycine lobes linear-oblong, one half
shorter than the petals. G- H. Native of Chili, among loose
debris, on the banks of the El Rio del Yeso, near Arroyo de
San Nicholas, at the elevation of about 5000 feet, &c., where it
is called by the inhabitants Cavalluna. The plant is most nearly
allied to L. sclarece folia, Juss. but that does not appear to have
the loose epidermis on the stem, and the leaves are much larger.
The pedicels in the forks of the panicle are elongated.
Pale Loasa. PI. prostrate.
9 L. lateritia (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edin. journ.
3. p. 275.) stems almost wanting; leaves opposite, on long pe-
tioles, pinnate ; segments roundish, crenated, lobed ; peduncles
twin, 1-flowered, terminal, about equal in length to the leaves ;
calycine lobes oval, exceeding the tube, but one half shorter than
the corolla. G* H. Native of Chili, at Los Imposibles, near
the foot of the descent from the Planchon towards Chili, and in
El Valle de Tray Carlos, at the base of the volcano of Pateroa,
at an elevation of 9000 feet. This species is readily distin-
guished by its large flowers of a brick red colour, and by its
very short stems and radical branches, each of which bear 1 or
2 pairs of opposite leaves, and between the upper pair of which
arise 2 1-flowered peduncles, terminating the branch. Seeds
with a strongly reticulated testa like the next species ; and as in
it the hairs are short and not stinging.
Z?n‘eA:-coloured- flowered Loasa. PI. prostrate.
10 L. pinnatifida (Gill. mss. ex Arnott in Cheek, edinb. journ.
3. p. 275.) stems nearly erect; leaves opposite, on long petioles :
radical and lower ones pinnate : segments pinnatifid, with round-
ish approximate lobes ; upper leaves pinnatifid ; peduncles axil-
lary, usually 1-flowered ; calycine lobes ovate, much shorter
than the corolla, and half the length of the fruit. G- H. Native
of Chili, at La Cuesta del Inga, at an elevation of about 9000
feet. Plant with short rigid, but not stinging hairs.
Pinnatifid- leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot.
11 L. disse'cta (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 240.) stem
erectisb, strong, a little branched at the apex, with a loose white
epidermis ; petioles opposite, lower ones elongated, becoming
gradually shorter to the top of the stem ; leaves tripinnatifid,
with the ultimate segments ovate-obtuse ; pedicels short, rising
from the forks of the stem ; calycine lobes narrow-oblong, not
half so long as the petals. G- H. Native about Valparaiso,
Los Ogos de Agua, and Aconcugua.
Dissected- leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot.
12 L. heteropiiy'lla (Hook, et Arn. dn bot. misc. 3. p. 228.)
stem prostrate, dichotomous ; leaves opposite, on short petioles ;
lower ones small, hastately triangular, coarsely toothed : lower
floral ones nearly reniform, 5-lobed, with the lobes nearly equal,
and furnished with 1 or 2 teeth each ; but the middle lobe of the
uppermost leaves is rather lengthened ; peduncles in the forks
longer than the leaves ; calycine lobes oblong-lanceolate, about
equal in length to the petals; fruit conically hemispherical. G-
H. Native about Valpai-aiso? and at Los Ogos de Agua. The
stem is rarely pubescent ; but the branches, particularly in their
upper part, and the turbinate tube of the calyx, are provided
with long sharp spreading hairs.
Variable-leaved, Loasa. PI. prostrate.
13 L. acanthifolia (Lam. diet. 3. p. 579.) leaves cordate at
the base, pinnatifid ; lobes acuminated, sinuately toothed ; pe-
dicels axillary, and also from the forks, solitary, 1-flowered;
lobes of calyx narrow, acuminated, reflexed, equal in length to
the petals, which are bidentate. ©. H. Native of Chili. Juss.
ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 3. f. 2. L. nitida, bot. mag. 2372? L.
cymbaepetala, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 442. b. ined. Ortiga
8
LOASEiE. III. Loasa.
64
Chilensis, Feuill. obs. 2. p. 7 57. t. 43. Petals yellow. Scales
red. Herb erect, 4 feet high. The leaves are often alternate.
Acantlius-leaved Loasa. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
14 L. Ruizi'ana ; leaves opposite, ovate, coarsely serrated,
hoary from down, petiolate; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-
flowered ; calycine segments acute, much shorter than the petals,
which are cucullate. ©.LI. Native of Peru. L. incana, Ruiz
et Pav. fl. per. vol. 5. t. 441. ined. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
Ruiz’s Loasa. PI. 1 foot.
15 L. sclareasfolia (Juss. 1. c. 5. p. 25. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves
ovate-oblong, sinuately lobed ; lobes acute, toothed ; upper
leaves sessile; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered in the forks of the
stem ; calycine lobes oblong, acuminated, shorter than the pe-
tals. ©. H. Native of Chili, where it is called Urtica brava,
Tratt. t. 22. Scales emarginate at the apex.
Sclary-leaved Loasa. PI. tr.
16 L. Pla'cei (Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 97.) leaves cordate
at the base, many lobed : upper ones sessile ; pedicels axillary ;
sepals hardly toothed, reflexed, length of petals ; the wings of the
corona sessile, and quite entire ; the longest of the stamens as
long as the petals ; style bent, longer than the stamens ; capsule
obovate, shorter than the reflexed sepals. ©. H. Native of
Chili. L. acanthifolia, Ker, bot. reg. t. 785. but not of Juss.
Flowers yellow, with red scales.
Place’s Loasa. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1822. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
17 L. grandiflora (Lam. diet. 3. p. 580.) lower leaves oppo-
site ; upper ones alternate, cordate at the base, 5-lobed ; lobes
deeply toothed ; flowers axillary and terminal, on long pedicels ;
lobes of calyx acuminated, shorter than the petals. 0. H. Na-
tive of Peru. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 26. t. 4. f. 2. Tratt. tab. t.
29. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 440. Lower leaves on long, and
upper on short petioles. Flowers yellow. Scales oblong, 2-
lobed, not appendiculate on the outside.
Great-flowered Loasa. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1825. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
18 L. floribu'nda (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 239.)
root simple, fusiform ; stem short, with a loose epidermis, simple
beneath the inflorescence, but much branched and panicled
above ; leaves oval-oblong, petiolate : cauline ones opposite,
sinuately lobed, coarsely toothed, cordate at the base : lower
floral ones alternate, sinuately lobed : upper floral ones smaller,
cuneated at the base, tootl ed or quite entire ; pedicels short,
rising from the forks of the stems ; calycine lobes elliptic, acute,
attenuated at the base, shorter than the apiculated petals ; scales
furnished with 3 appendages each on the back above the middle.
©. H. Native about Valparaiso, and on the Cordillera of Chili.
Bundle-jlorvered Loasa. PI. 1 foot.
* * Leaves alternate.
19 L. Loxe'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 116.)
leaves alternate, and nearly opposite, ovate-oblong, 3-5-lobed ;
lobes irregularly toothed ; middle lobe very large ; flowers ter-
minal and axillary, somewhat racemose ; lobes of calyx ovate,
acuminated, 3-nerved. Tj . S. Native of Peru, near Loxa.
Leaves white beneath. Flowers yellow'. Scales rounded at the
apex, drawn out into a lobe at both ends. Herb suffruticose
branched.
Loxa Loasa. Shrub.
20 L. argemonoides (Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 26.) leaves cor-
date, sinuately lobed, tomentose on both surfaces, white beneath ;
flowers terminal and axillary, pedicellate ; lobes of calyx lanceo-
late, one-half shorter than the petals. 1/ . S. Native of South
America, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin.
1. p. 53. 1. 15. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 26. Tratt.
tab. t. 30. Flowers nearly 3 inches in diameter. Scales bifid,
furnished with 2 acute lobes, which are gibbous at the base.
Argemone-lihe Loasa. PI. 6 to 10 feet.
21 L. rancnculifolia (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 50.
t. 14.) leaves all alternate, somewhat orbicular, cordate, toothed,
clothed with yellowish tomentum above, and silky white tomen-
tum beneath ; flowers terminal and axillary, somewhat race-
mose ; lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute. 1/. S. Native
of Peru, on the Andes near Caxamarca. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 6. p. 117. Tratt. tab. t. 27. Flowrers large, yellow.
Scales bifid, bigibbous at the base.
Crow-foot-leaved Loasa. PI. 2 feet.
22 L. inca'na (Graham in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1830.)
plant suffruticose, reddish, erectish ; leaves scattered, petiolate,
ovate-lanceolate, hoary, deeply serrated, scabrous ; peduncles
1 -flowered, opposite the leaves. Ip . G. Native of Peru, from
Yazo to the valley of Canta. Corolla white. Whole plant
covered densely with harsh barbed white hairs, intermixed by a
few stinging ones. Cuticle papery, and pealing off.
Hoary Loasa. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1830. PI. 2 feet.
23 L. Xanthjifolia (Juss. 1. c. t. 2. f. 1.) leaves petiolate,
cordate, oblong, acute, coarsely toothed ; pedicels extra-axillary ;
lobes of calyx oblong, hardly acute. ©. H. Native of Peru.
Flowers small, yellow. Stems a foot and halfhigh. Trat. tab. t. 26.
Xanthium-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot.
24 L. chenopodi folia (Lam. diet. 3. p. 550.) leaves petiolate,
somewhat ovate, deeply toothed ; racemes loose, leafy, terminal ;
flowers drooping. ©. H. Native of Peru. Perhaps a mere
variety of the preceding, according to Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 26.
Goosefoot-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
25 L. parviflora (Schrad. pi. rar. bras. ined. ex D. C. prod.
3. p. 342.) leaves on long petioles, ovate-cordate, sinuately 3-7-
lobed, hairy ; flowers racemose ; racemes extra axillary, few-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; lobes of calyx acutish. ©. H.
Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. Peduncles
and calyxes bristly. Flowers with white petals and brown
scales. Bristles or sterile stamens at back of scales white.
Small-Jlowered Loasa. PI. trailing.
26 L. a'spera (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 441. h .) hispid;
leaves alternate, angularly lobed, and coarsely toothed ; pedun-
cles solitary, lateral ; calyx long, very hispid ; calycine segments
ovate, longer than the petals. ©. H. Native of Peru.
Rough Loasa. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
27 L. AMBROSIA2FOLIA (JuSS.
1. c. t. 4. f. 1.) leaves petiolate,
bipinnatifid ; lobes and lobules
bluntish ; pedicels extra-axil-
lary ; lobes of calyx lanceolate-
linear, acute, shorter than the
petals. ©. H. Native of Peru.
Stem a foot high, hardly branch-
ed. Herb beset with yellowish
prickles. Flow'ers yellow, an
inch in diameter. Tratt. tab. t.
31. Scales bifid, not appendi-
culate on the outside.
Var. (3, liispida (D. C. prod.
3. p. 342.) lobes of leaves very
numerous, broader and more
crowded. Loasa urens, Jacq.
obs. 2. p. 15. t. 33. Lam. diet. 3. p. 578. Tratt. tab. t. 32.
L. lnspida, Lin. syst. ed. 12. p. 364. L. bipinnatifida, Ruiz et
Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 439. ined.
Ambrosia-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot.
28 L. volu'bilis (Juss. 1. c. t. 5. f. 1.) leaves alternate and
opposite, bipinnatifid ; lobes linear, obtuse ; flowers terminal
and axillary, pedicellate ; lobes of calyx a little toothed, one
half shorter than the petals ; stem twining. ©. H. Native of
Chili, near Conception, in sandy places ; and of Peru. Tratt. tab.
FIG. 12.
LOASEAL III. Loasa. IV. Caiophora. V. Scyphanthus. VI. Mentzelia.
65
t. 34. L. multifida, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 443. b. Scales
2-lobed. Flowers small, yellow.
Twining Loasa. PI. tw.
29 L. triphy'lla (Juss. 1. c. p. 27. t. 5. f. 2.) leaves for the
most part cut into 3 stalked, oblong, toothed segments : a few
tripartite ; pedicels extra-axillary ; calycine lobes elliptic-oblong.
©. H. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in the high plains.
Tratt. tab. 1. t. 21. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. G. p.
118, Stems ascending.
Three-leaved Loasa. PI. ascending, 1 foot.
30 L. papaverifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
118.) leaves trifoliate; segments or leaflets stalked, oblong,
toothed : middle leaflet large, pinnatifid ; flowers opposite the
leaves, disposed in something like racemes ; lobes of calyx ellip-
tic, 3-nerved. ©. H. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu.
Stem simple, ascending. Flowers white. There is a figure in
the Flora Mexicana which agrees with this plant, except that the
petals are drawn bifid at the apex.
Poppy-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. All the species of Loasa bear such beautiful flowers,
that they are all worth cultivating for ornament, but they are
so full of stings that it is impossible to handle them. The
seeds of the annual species should be sown early in spring in
the open ground, and the plants so raised will flower and pro-
duce seed the same season ; or the seeds may be sown in pots, and
reared in a hot-bed, and the plants may afterwards be planted out
in the open border, in any convenient situation. All the species
require a rich light soil and a warm situation. Some of the
species are said to be perennial ; we suppose all would be so if
they were protected from frost.
IV. CAIOPHORA (meaning not explained). Presl. in
reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 43.
Lin. syst. Polydelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted; seg-
ments jagged. Petals 5, unguiculate, concave. Scales 5, peta-
loid, emarginate, or 4-toothed at the apex, each furnished with
4 sterile filaments inside. Stamens numerous, disposed in 5
bundles. Style trigonal, permanent ; stigmas 3, conniving.
Capsule ovate-oblong, with elevated spiral ribs, crowned by the
reflexed calyx, 1 -celled, many-seeded, opening at 3 of the su-
tures. Placentas marginal in the valves, but at length distinct
from them. Seeds angular, echinated by bristles or reticulated.
— Usually climbing plants, with the habit of Loasa, beset with
stinging hairs. Peduncles 1 -flowered. Flowers yellow. This
genus differs from Loasa and Blumenbachia in the dehiscence of
the capsule, in the scales being furnished with 4 sterile filaments
instead of 3, and in many other points. There are several plants
now referred to the genus Blumenbachia which belong to this ge-
nus; viz. B. grandiflora, which is Caiophora contorta, Presl. reliq.
Haenk. 2. p. 42. and B. punicea, which is evidently the Caiophora
circiifolia, Presl. 1. c. t. 54. and carduifolia, Presl. 1. c. p. 42.
1 C. corona' ta (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc, 3. p. 238.)
stems short ; leaves opposite, petiolate, pinnate ; segments bi-
pinnatifid : lobules denticulated; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered,
elongated ; calycine lobes pinnatifid, with linear segments, longer
than the ovarium. ©. H. Native of Chili, on both sides of
the Cordillera of the Andes, between Mendoza and Chili, at an
elevation of 8500 to 1 1 ,000 feet. The furrows of the fruit are
nearly straight, or hardly spiral, so that this species partakes in
some degree of the characters of Loasa. Loasa coronata, Gill,
mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, in edinb. journ. 3. p. 274. C. ab-
sinthaefolia, Presl. in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 43.
Crowned Caiophora. PI. prostrate, rising 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See Loasa for culture and propagation.
V. SCYPHA'NTHUS (^0£, scyphos, a cup, and arOog,
VOL. III.
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the form of the flowrer). Sweet,
fl. gard. t. 238.
Lin. syst. Pulyadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx deeply 5-
parted, permanent, equal. Petals 5, inserted in the base of the
calyx, on very short claws, concave, equal. Scales inserted with
the petals, peltate at the apex, lobed, 3-horned. Stamens nu-
merous, perigynous, the 10 exterior ones destitute of anthers ;
and these are placed by twos opposite the scales, and are longer
than the rest, which are disposed in 5 fascicles opposite the
petals ; anthers 2-celled, erect. Ovarium prismatic, silique-
formed ; style one, erect, trigonal. Capsule prismatic, silique-
formed, crowned by the tube of the calyx, 3-valved at the apex ;
seeds oval, wrinkled. — A twining herb, having its branches beset
with retrograde strigae. Leaves opposite, pinnatifid ; superior
ones bipinnatifid, hispid from hairs. Flowers sessile, erect,
solitary, yellow.
1 S. e'legans (Sweet, 1. c.). ©. H. Native of Chili.
Stem dichotomous. Segments of leaves obtuse, ciliated. Gram-
matocarpus volubilis, Presl. symb. bot. 1. p. 61. t. 38.
Elegant Scyphanthus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. cl.
Cult. An elegant plant. For its culture and propagation,
see Loasa.
VI. MENTZE'LIA (in honour of Christian Mentzelius ;
physician to the Elector of Brandenburgh ; published Centuria
Plantarum Circa Gedanum, 4to. 1650. and Index nominum Plan-
tarum Multilinguis, fol. 1682. 1696. and 1715.). Plum. nov.
gen. 40. t. 6. Lin. gen. no. 670. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24.
Lam. ill. t. 425. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 119.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 343. — On&grae spec. Tour.
Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, with
a cylindrical, somewhat 5-furrowed tube, and 5 lanceolate or
subulate, equal lobes (f. 13. d.). Petals 5 (f. 10. «.), equal,
inserted in the upper part of the tube of the calyx. Stamens
indefinite (f. 13. e.), multiple the number of the petals, and
inserted with them ; filaments free, usually disposed in 5 bun-
dles ; anthers erect, ovate, bilocular. Ovarium adnate to the
calycine tube. Styles 3, connected to the middle or to the top,
marked by 3 corresponding stripes. Capsule turbinately cylin-
drical, crowned by the calycine lobes (f. 13. f.), 1 -celled, 3-
valved at the apex. Seeds 3-6-9, or irregular in number in con-
sequence of abortion, inserted in 3 parietal placentas. — Erect,
branched, dichotomous herbs, rough from bearded or glochidate
stiff hairs. Leaves alternate, or nearly opposite, coarsely toothed.
Flowers of a deep orange colour, solitary, almost sessile in the
forks of the stem, or pseudo-axillary from one of the branches
being abortive, expanding in the height of- the sun.
* Stamens 20-25, all nearly equal. Seeds 3-6. Flowers smaller.
1 M. a'spera (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 516.) petals roundish-oval,
obtuse, hardly longer than the calycine limb, but much exceed-
ing the stamens. ©. F. Native of the Antilles (Plum. ed.
Burm. t. 174. f. 1.); Jamaica (P. Browne, jam. p. 249.) ; St.
Domingo (Bertero). Seeds 5 ; parietal smooth, compressed.
Hairs on plant glochidate at the apex.
Rough Mentzelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 M. oligospe'rma (Nutt, in Sims, bot. mag. t. 1760.) petals
oval, acuminated, longer than the calyx, but very little longer
than the stamens. !£. G. Native of Louisiana, on the banks
of the river Missouri, among rocks. M. aurea, Nutt. gen. amer.
1. p. 300. Root tuberous, succulent. Seeds 3, smooth, linear-
oblong. Hairs on plant bearded their whole length.
Few-seeded Mentzelia. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
* * Stamens 30-100, the 10 exterior ones the longest. Seeds
6-9. Flowers larger than those of the last section.
3 M. hispida (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1176.) petals obovate, mu-
66
LOASE.dE. VI. Mentzelia. VII. Klaprothia. TURNERACEiE.
cronately acuminated, longer than the calyx ; stamens 30-35 ;
leaves and flowers nearly sessile. G. Native of Mexico.
Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. M. aspera, Cav. icon. 1. p. 51. t. 70.
exclusive of the synonyms. Flowers 15 lines in diameter.
FIG. 13.
Seeds 6, ovate, compressed.
Root violently purgative, and is
used in the cure of syphilis. The
Mexican name of the plant is
Zazale.
Hispid Mentzelia. FI. June,
July. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 feet.
4 M. sTRiGhsA (H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
120.) petals obovate, mucro-
nately cuspidate, 2 or
longer than the calyx ;
about 50 ; leaves and
almost sessile ; hairs
branches retrograde.
3 times
stamens
flowers
on the
G.
Native of Mexico, near Rio Sar-
co. Filaments of outer stamens dilated at the apex. Ovula 10.
Strigose Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 M. sca'bra (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) petals obovate, acute, a
little longer than the calyx; stamens 100-110; flowers sessile
in the forks of the stems ; leaves petiolate. 1/ . G. Native of
New Granada, on the Andes about Pasto. Seeds scabrous, 6-9.
Ncairows-seeded Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 M. grandiflora (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 441. ined.)
petals obovate, pointed, much longer than the calyx ; calycine
lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed when the flowers
are open ; stamens numerous, from 30-40, unequal, outer ones
the longest ; leaves alternate, ovate, coarsely toothed, on short
petioles. If. G. Native of Peru.
Great-jlowered Mentzelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 M. hirta (Pav. in herb. Lamb.) calyx covered with long
hairs ; calycine segments lanceolate, much shorter than the
petals \ stamens numerous ; leaves cordate, lobed, obtuse, alter-
nate, clothed with soft pubescence ; peduncles many-flowered.
14. G. Native of Mexico, (v. s. in herb. Lamb.)
Hairy Mentzelia. PI. 1 foot.
8 M. stipita'ta (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 3. p. 343.) petals oval, mucronately cuspidate, much
longer than the calyx ; stamens 30-40 ; flowers and leaves stipi-
tate. If. G. Native of Mexico. Presl. in Haenk. reliq. 2.
p. 40. Branches, pedicels, and ovaries scabrous from hairs.
Leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-lobed, doubly toothed. Flowers
lateral and terminal, solitary.
Stipitate-fi owered Mentzelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species grow well in any light rich soil; and cut-
tings will root readily in sand, under a hand-glass. They are
also easily reared from seeds, which ripen in this country.
VII. KLAPRO'THIA (in honour of Martin Henry Klap-
roth, of Berlin, a celebrated chemist, and great friend of Hum-
boldt). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 121. t. 537.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 343.
Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, with
a turbinate tube and a 4-parted limb; lobes ovate, equal. Pe-
tals 4, on very short claws. Stamens numerous, especially 4-5
fertile ones in front of each petal ; these are longer than the others,
and 4-5 sterile ones in front of each sepal ; these are pilose, and
somewhat dilated at the apex into a 2-lobed membrane. Styles
4, connected together almost to the apex in one. Ovarium 1-
celled, 8-nerved inside, and 4-ovulate ; ovula pendulous, fixed
to the nerves opposite the sepals. Fruit baccate. Herb twin-
ing ; branches scabrous from retrograde hairs. Leaves oppo-
8
site, sharply toothed, stalked. Peduncles cymosely corymbose
at the tops of the branches. Flowers white.
1 K. Mentzelioidf.s (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.). ©. H. Native
of the Andes, about Quindiu, near the volcanos.
Mentzelia-liJce Klaprothia. PI. tw.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Loasa, p. 65.
Order CVIII. TURNERACE.ZE (plants agreeing with
Turnera in important characters). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 6. p. 123. D. C. prod. 3. p. 345.
Calyx free, usually coloured more or less, profoundly 5 -cleft
(f. 14. a.), deciduous ; lobes equal, imbricate in aestivation.
Petals 5, equal (f. 14. b.), inserted into the upper part of the
tube of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, narrow at the
base, twisted in aestivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the upper
part of the tube of the calyx below the petals, and alternating
with them ; filaments free, flat ; anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled
(f. 14. c.). Ovarium free, 1-celled (f. 14. d.), many-ovulate.
Ovula ascending (f. 14./.), fixed to 3 linear parietal placentas.
Styles 3 (f. 14. e .) or 6, usually more or less deeply bifid, and
cleft into many stigmas at tbe apex (f. 14. e.). Capsule 3-
valved, 1-celled (f. 14./.); valves bearing the seeds in their
middle, along a longitudinal placenta, opening from the apex as
far as the middle. Seeds subcylindrical, carved, crustaceous,
reticulated, furnished with a thin, membranous arillus on one
side. Hilum situated at the base of the seed. Embryo in the
centre of a fleshy albumen, somewhat incurved, spatulate, with
the radicle turned towards the hilum, and with plano-subconvex
cotyledons. — Shrubs, subshrubs, and herbaceous plants, with a
simple pubescence. Leaves alternate or scattered, simple, ex-
stipulate, with occasionally 2 glands at the apex of the petioles,
toothed, rarely pinnatifid. Flowers axillary, sessile, or pe-
dunculate ; the peduncles either distinct or connected with
the petioles, simple and 1 -flowered or branched and many-
flowered, articulated in the middle or furnished with 2 small
bracteoles. Petals yellow or yellowish, rarely blue. This
order is placed by De Candolle between Loasece and Fouquie-
racece, chiefly it would seem on account of its manifest relation
to the former, and its perigynous stamens. With Malvaceae it
agrees in the twisted aestivation of the corolla and habit. With
Loasece and Passiflorece, they have also much in common. In
the structure of the fruit it agrees with Violariece and Cistinece,
but differs in the petals and stamens 'being inserted into the
calyx, and the circumstance of their certain relationship to
Cistinece gives great weight to the ingenious approximation, by
M. Du Petit Thours, of Passiflorece to Violariece. The pre-
sence of glands upon the ends of the petioles of Turneraeece is
a confirmation of their affinity to the former. It is distinguished
from Loasece by the fruit being superior and 1-celled, with pa-
rietal placentas, and by the definite stamens ; the former cha-
racter is, however, weakened by the nearly superior fruit of
some Loasece.
Synopsis of the Genera.
1 Turne'ra. Styles 3 (f. 14. e.), simple, divided at the
apex into multifid stigmas (f. 14. e.). Capsule opening from
the top to the middle.
TURNERACEiE. I. Turnera.
67
2 Perique'ta. Styles 3, deeply 2-parted, crowned by 2 mul-
tifid stigmas each. Capsule opening from the top to the base.
I. TURNE'RA (so named by Linnaeus in memory of William
Turner, M.D., Prebendary of York, Canon of Windsor, and
Dean of Wells ; student of Pembroke Hall in Cambridge, 1538 ;
died 1568. Author of a New Herbal, London, 1551. fol. Se-
cond part, Cologn, 1562. Second edition, Collen, 1566, with
the addition of a third part, &c.). Plum. gen. p. 15. t. 12. Lin.
gen. 376. Juss. gen. 313. Gaertn. fruct. l.p. 366. t. 76. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 123. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 212.
— Turnera, sect. 1. Lam. ill. t. 212. diet. 8. p. 141.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Trigynia. Calyx tubularly funnel-
shaped (f. 14. a.). Styles 3 (f. 14. e.), simple, cleft at the apex
into multifid stigmas (f. 14. e.). Capsule opening from the
apex to the middle.
§ 1. Peduncles joined with the petioles, bibracteate.
* Leaves biglandular at the base.
1 T. ulmifolia (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 965.) leaves oblong,
acute, serrated, pubescent above, but clothed with white tomen-
tum beneath, and biglandular at the base ; flowers almost ses-
sile ; styles shorter than the stamens. $ . S. Native of South
America every where ; common in Brazil. Lin. hort. cliff. 122.
t. 10. — Sloan, hist. 1. t. 127. f. 4-5. — Mill. fig. t. 268. f. 2.
Flowers yellow, about the size of those of Linum trigynum.
Var. (3, angustifolia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 346.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate. . S. Native along with the species. T. angus-
tifolia, Curt. bot. mag. t. 281. Link. enum. 1. p. 293. T.
ulmifolia /3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1503.
Elm-leaved Turnera. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1733. Sh. 2 to 4 ft.
2 T. cuneiformis (Juss. in Poir. diet. 8. p. 142.) leaves cu-
neiformly obovate, coarsely serrated, pubescent above, but clothed
with white tomentum beneath, and biglandular at the base ;
flowers nearly sessile. T? . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio
Janeiro. Spreng. nov. prov. 42. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 213.
Otto, in hort. berol. 36. T. obtusifolia, Smith, in Rees’ cycl.
vol. 36. no. 3. Petals yellow, with the claws brownish. Cap-
sule globose.
Var. (3; leaves and branches closely clotbed with tomentum;
stem dwarf. T. odorata, Vahl. in herb. Juss.
Wedge-formed- leaved Turnera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
3 T. trioniflora (Sims, bog. t. 2106.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, coarsely serrated, cuneated at the base, and quite entire,
pubescent ; flowers sessile ; styles exceeding the stamens. 1? . S.
Native of Brazil, island of Trinidad, and Mexico. T. elegans,
Otto, 1. c. Link, enum. 1. p. 293. Petals pale yellow, or sul-
phur-coloured, with purplish-brown claws. Bracteoles subu-
late. Flowers as large as those of Bladder -ketmia.
Ketmia-florvered Turnera. Fl. year. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
4 T. lamiifolia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 213.) leaves roundish-
obovate, unequally crenate-toothed, clothed with soft hairs
above and woolly tomentum beneath, biglandular at the base ;
flowers on short peduncles ; styles a little shorter than the
stamens. 1? . S. Native of Brazil, in the southern part of the
province of Goyaz. Petals yellow, rather truncate at the apex.
Dead-nettle-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 foot.
5 T. lanceola'ta (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 214.) leaves linear-
lanceolate, acute, nearly entire, hairy, biglandular at the base
beneath ; flowers almost sessile. Jj • S. Native of Brazil, in
the provinces of Goyaz and Minas Geraes. Petals obovate-
oblong, yellow. Styles exceeding the stamens a little.
Lanceolate- leaved Turnera. Shrub foot.
6 T. oblongifolia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 215.) leaves ob-
long, acute, obsoletely and dentately serrated, beset with rufes-
cent hairs, biglandular at the base beneath ; flowers almost ses-
sile; styles a little longer than the stamens. T? . S. Native of
Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul, in
grassy pastures and fields. Petals oblong, obovate, yellow.
Oblong-leaved Turnera. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
7 T. cceru'lea (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 3. p. 346.) leaves oblong, coarsely serrated, but quite entire
at the base, and hardly attenuated, clothed with adpressed villi
beneath, biglandular at the top of the petiole ; flowers sessile ;
styles longer than the stamens. 1£. S. Native of Mexico.
This species is very like T. trioniflbra, but differs in the leaves
being on shorter petioles, and in being hardly attenuated at the
base, as well as in the hairs on the lower surface of the leaves
being adpressed. Bulb subfuscous. Flowers blue.
Bluc-h owered Turnera. PI. \ to 1 foot.
8 T. subula'ta (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 36. no. 2.) leaves
ovate, acute, serrated, clothed with white soft hairs ; bracteoles
linear-subulate; flowers sessile. %. S. Native of New Gra-
nada. Capsule pilose. Glands of leaves broad.
posite, acute, with scarious stipulas.
3 Hernia'ria. Calyx almost 5-parted. Scales or petals 5,
filiform, entire, but sometimes wanting or very small. Stamens 5,
or only 2-3 from abortion. Styles 2, short, distinct, or concrete
at the base. Capsule covered by the calyx.
PARONYCHIEAL I. Telephium.
85
4 Gymnoca'rpum. Calyx almost 3-parted. Petals 5, emu-
lating sterile filaments. Stamens 5. Style 1 ; stigma simple.
Capsule valveless, covered by the indurated calyx.
5 Any’chia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals and scales wanting.
Stamens 3-5, distinct. Style none ; stigmas 2, subcapitate.
Capsule covered by the calyx.
6 Ille'cebrum. Calyx 5-parted, or nearly 3-sepalled, ending
on the back at the apex, in an awned horn. Petals wanting,
but there are 5 subulate scales in place. Stamens 2-5. Style
hardly any ; stigmas 2, capitate. Capsule covered by the calyx,
divisible into 5 at the stripes.
7 Parony'chia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 22. a.). Petals or scales
5, linear. Stamens 5 (f. 22. a.). Style 1 ; stigmas 2 (f. 22. d.).
Capsule indehiscent or 5-valved, covered by the calyx.
8 Pentaca;'na. Calyx 4-parted ; segments very unequal,
outer 3 spiny at the apex, inner 3 navicular, armed on the back.
Stamens 5. Stigmas 2, short. Capsule 1-seeded.
9 Cardione'ma. Calyx 5-parted; lobes drawn out on the
back at the apex into a straight horn. Petals wanting. Sta-
mens 5, 2 sterile ones obcordate, flat, 3 fertile ones obcordate
at the base, bearing each an antheriferous filament in the recess.
Styles 2, hardly concrete at the base, long, re volute. Fruit
oval-oblong.
Tribe III.
Polycarp^e'^:. Calyx 5-parted (f. 23. a.). Petals 5, or want-
ing. Stamens 1-5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles
2-3, sometimes distinct, sometimes concrete. Capsule \-celled,
many-seeded. Seeds fixed to the central placenta. — Herbs or
subshrubs. Leaves opposite. Slipulas scarious. The stamens
in this tribe are almost hypogynous, and truly so in some genera,
as in Polycarpce'a, Stipulacida, and Ortegia, and therefore verge
closely on the order Caryophyllece.
10 Polycarp.® a. Lobes of calyx with membranous edges
(f. 20. a.). Petals 5. Stamens 5, nearly hypogynous (f. 23. a.).
Styles 3, concrete at the base. Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved,
many-seeded.
11 Stipuli'cida. Lobes of calyx with membranous edges.
Petals 5. Stamens 3, inserted in the torus. Style short, crowned
by 3 stigmas. Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved, few-seeded.
12 Bala'rdia. Lobes of calyx flattish. Petals 5. Stamens
2-3-4, inserted in the receptacle. Styles 3, very short, papilli-
ferous inside. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
13 Ave'rsia. Lobes of calyx thickened in the middle,
keeled. Petals 5, or only 3 from abortion. Stamens 3, inserted
in the bottom of the calyx. Style 1 , trifid at the apex. Cap-
sule 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
14 Orte'gia. Lobes of calyx keeled a little. Stamens 5, 3
fertile, inserted in the torus, the other 2 scale-formed and sterile.
Style 1, capitate at the apex or bifid. Capsule 3-valved, many-
seeded.
15 Polyca'rpon. Lobes of calyx with membranous edges,
concave, keeled, and mucronate. Petals 5, emarginate. Sta-
mens 3-5. Styles 3, very short. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved,
many-seeded.
16 Ce'rdia. Lobes of calyx petaloid inside, ending in a
bristle each at the apex. Petals wanting. Stamen one, in front
of one of the sepals. Style filiform, bifid at the apex. Cap-
sule 1-celled, many-seeded.
Tribe IV.
Pollichie'^e. Calyx 5-toothed ; tubeurceolate. Stamens 1-2,
inserted in the throat of the calyx. Petals wanting. Stigma
bifid. Utriculus or fruit valueless, 1 -seeded. Bracteas and
calyx increasing after flowering, and becoming fleshy, so as to
form something like a berry. — Suffiruticose herbs, with opposite or
subverticillate stipulaceous leaves.
17 Polli'chia. Character the same as that of the tribe.
■f" Genera belonging to Paronychiece, but are not sufficiently
known.
18 Litiiophila. Calyx 3-parted, acute. Petals 3. Scales
or abortive stamens 2, opposite the sepals. Stamens 2, placed
at one side of the ovarium. Style thick, bluntly emarginate at
the apex. Fruit unknown. A very minute glabrous herb.
19 Sellowia. Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft, membranous, 10-
ribbed. Petals 5, alternating with the lobes of the calyx. Sta-
mens fixed in the middle of the segments of the calyx, and
shorter than them ; anthers didymous. Style 1 ; stigma obtuse.
Capsule 3-valved, 1-celled, l seeded. A smooth herb, with the
habit of Illecebrum verticilldtum.
Tribe I.
TELEPHIE'iE (plants agreeing with the genus Telephium in
important characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 366. Calyx 5-parted
(f. 21. a.). Petals and stamens 5 (f. 21. b.), inserted into the
bottom of the calyx. Styles 3 (f. 21. e.), distinct, or somewhat
concrete at the base. — Leaves alternate, stipulaceous.
I. TELE'PHIUM (so named from Telephus, son of Her-
cules by Auge, and according to some king of Mysia). Tourn.
inst. t. 128. Lin. gen. 377. Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 221. t. 129. Lam.
ill. t. 213. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 389. St. Hil. plac. lib.
p. 44.
Lin. syst. Pentcindria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
manent ; lobes oblong, concave. Petals 5, inserted in the bot-
tom of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, and about equal
in length to them. Stamens 5, opposite the sepals, and inserted
in their bases. Styles 3, spreadingly reflexed, concrete at the
base. Capsule pyramidal, trigonal, 3-valved, 3-celled at the
base, and 1-celled at the top from the dissepiments not being
extended so far. Seeds numerous, disposed in 6 rows on the
central placenta. Embryo lateral, curved, but not annular.
Albumen mealy. — Subshrubby, procumbent, many-stemmed, gla-
brous, glaucous herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, sti-
pulaceous. Flowers white or greenish white.
1 T. Impera'ti (Lin. spec. 388.) leaves alternate; flowers in
racemose corymbs, rather crowded. . H. Native of the south
of Europe, particularly in the south of France, Italy, Spain,
Switzerland, &c. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 400. Lam. ill. t. 213.
Schkuhr. handb. 1. t. 85. T. ripens, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 71. T.
alternifolium, Mcench, meth. 231. Flowers white, sometimes
tinged with red.
Imperati’s Orpine. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1658. PI. tr.
2 T. oppositifolium (Lin. spec. 388.) leaves opposite ; flowers
in racemose corymbs, crowded. H. Native of Barbary.
86
PARONYCHIEiE. I. Telephium. II. Corrigiola. III. Herniaria.
Shaw, spec. p. 572. with a figure. Flowers white. Perhaps
only a variety of the preceding.
Opposite-leaved Orpine. PI. tr.
3 T. laxiflorum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 366.) leaves alternate ;
peduncles opposite the leaves, trifid at the apex ; middle pedicel
1 -flowered, lateral ones elongated, and usually 3-flowered. % .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herb glaucous. Leaves
alternate, distant, obovate, mucronate ; petiole short, margined,
with a membrane. Capsule subglobose, 3-celled nearly to the
apex. Perhaps a proper genus, but the habit is truly that of
Telephium.
Loose-jlorvcred Orpine. PI. tr.
Cult. All the hardy species of Orpine grow well in any light
soil ; and may either be increased by cuttings or parting at the
root ; they are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work. The
last species being a native of the Cape of Good Hope, requires
the protection of a green-house in winter.
II. CORRIGI'OLA (a diminutive of corrigia, ashoe string;
trailing flexible plants). Lin. gen. no. 378. Juss. mem. mus. 1.
p. 389. Lam. ill. t. 213. D. C. prod. 3. p. 366. Polygonifolia,
Vaill. Adans. Dill.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 21. a.),
permanent. Petals 5 (f. 21. b.), equal to the calyx and inserted
in it, and alternating with its lobes. Stamens 5, opposite the
sepals. Style short; stigmas 3 (f. 21. e.). Capsule 1-seeded,
indehiscent, covered by the calyx. Seed suspended by a funicle,
which rises from the bottom of the capsule. — Procumbent glau-
cous herbs, with alternate stipulaceous leaves, and terminal race-
mose corymbs of small flowers. Habit of Telephium.
1 C. telefhiifolia (Pourr. chi. narb. 20. act. tol. 3. p. 316.)
stems naked in the floriferous part. 1£. H. Native about Per-
pignon and about Madrid, in sandy places ; also of Chili about
Valparaiso. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 527. Flowers white.
Var. |8, imbricata (Lapeyr. abr. p. 169.) stems short; lower
leaves rather imbricated. H. Native about Vinca and
Nyer.
Orpine-leaved Strap-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI.
procumbent.
2 C. littora'lis (Lin. spec. p.
388.) stems leafy in the florifer-
ous part. ©.H. Native through-
out Europe, on sandy shores.
Found by Hudson in England on
the Slapham Sands beyond Dart-
mouth, and near Star-point. QEed.
fl. dan. t. 334. Smith, engl. bot.
668. fl. graec. t. 292. Polygoni-
folia, Dill. giss. append, t. 3.
Lind. als. t. 2. Flowers white.
Shore Strap-wort. Fl. June,
Aug. Britain. PI. tr.
3 C. deltoidea (Hook, et
Arnott, in Beech, bot. p. 24.)
stems prostrate ; leaves deltoid,
long, spatulate ; racemes lateral, furnished at the base by a spa-
tulate bractea. G. Native of Chili, about Conception
and Valparaiso. This plant bears a strong resemblance to C.
littoralis. Flowers white.
Deltoid- leaved Corryiola. PI. prostrate.
4 C. squamosa (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 247.) cau-
dex perennial, a little branched, very scaly at the apex, from
which many stems issue ; stems prostrate ; leaves linear, oblong ;
racemes corymbose, leafless. 1/. G. Native of Chili, about
Valparaiso, Vina de la Mar, and Playa Ancha. The lower part
of the stem, which is here called a caudex, from its resemblance
to that part of ferns, is to be seen in no other species of the
genus ; the scaly appearance at its summit is obviously caused
by a congeries of stipulas. Flowers white.
Scaly Strap-wort. PI. prostrate.
5 C. Cape'nsis (Willd. spec. 1. p. 507.) flowers sessile ; calyx
hardly with membranous margins. ©. H. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 272. C. littoralis, Thunb.
prod. p. 55. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from C. littoralis.
Cape Strap-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. tr.
Cult. The seeds of the annual kinds should be sown in dry
light soil. The culture of the perennial kind is the same as that
recommended for the hardy species of Telephium.
Tribe II.
ILLECE'BREiE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
lllecebrum in some particular characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 367.
Calyx 5-parted (f. 22. a.). Petals 5, or wanting. Stamens 2-5,
inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles distinct, or somewdiat
concrete at the base. Capsule indehiscent, 1-seeded. Funicle
long, rising from the bottom of the capsule, bearing a somewhat
pendulous seed at the top. — Herbs, rarely subshrubs. Leaves
opposite, acute, with scarious stipulas.
III. HERNIA' RI A (from hernia , a rupture ; supposed effect
in curing). Tourn. inst. t. 288. Lin. gen. no. 308. Lam. ill.
t. 180. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 389. D. C. prod. 3. p. 367.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx nearly 5-parted,
somewhat coloured inside. Scales or petals 5, filiform, quite
entire, alternating with the sepals, sometimes wanting or very
small. Stamens 5, or only 2-3 from abortion, opposite the sepals.
Styles 2, short, distinct, or concrete at the base. Capsule 1-
seeded, indehiscent, covered by the calyx. — Prostrate suffruti-
cose small herbs, with branched stems. Leaves opposite, stipu-
laceous : stipulas solitary between the leaves, broad at the base.
Flowers glomerate in the axils of the leaves. Bracteas small.
§ 1. Herniarice verce (true species of Herniaria ). Stems pros-
trate, small ; flowers glomerate in the axils of the leaves, puberu-
lous or hairy on the outside.
1 H. cine'rea (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 375. mem. par. t. 3.)
plant of many stems, herbaceous, clothed with cinereous hairs ;
branches ascending ; leaves oval, acute at both ends ; flowers
crowded, axillary. ©. H. Native about Montpelier, Nar-
bonne, plentiful in Spain in dry gravelly or sandy places. In
Spain the plant is called Quebrantapiedras. H. annua, Lag.
gen. et spec. p. 12. and perhaps H. latifolia, Lapeyr. abr. p.
127.
Cinereous Rupture-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. tr.
2 H. vire scens (Salzm. pi. exsic. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 367.)
herb ascending, many stemmed, smoothish ; leaves oval, ciliat-
ed; bundles axillary, few-flowered; calyx rather pilose. ©.
H. Native of Mauritania, about Tangiers. It differs from H.
cinerea in the greenish habit, nearly as H. hirsuta does from H.
glabra, or as II. alpina does from H. incana.
Greenish Rupture-wort. PI. tr.
3 H. gla'bra (Lin. spec. p. 317.) plant herbaceous, gla-
brous, prostrate ; leaves oval ; bundles many-flowered. 1£. H.
Native of Europe and Siberia, in exposed gravelly places. In
England, at the Lizard-point, and near Newmarket. Oed. fl.
dan. t. 529. Smith, engl. bot. t. 206. Schkuhr, handb. t. 56.
Blackw. herb. t. 320. H. alpestris, Aubr. H. fruticosa, Gouan,
This and the two following species are confounded by Spreng. in
his syst. 1. p. 929. under the name of H. vulgaris.
Glabrous Rupture-wort. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. tr.
4 H. hirsu'ta (Lin. spec. p. 317.) plant herbaceous, pros-
trate, hairy ; leaves oval-oblong ; bundles sessile, fewT-flowered.
FIG. 21.
PARONYCHIEAS. III. Herniaria. IV. Gymnocarpum.
87
If. H. Native throughout Europe, in gravelly places. In En-
gland, near Barnet ; and in Cornwall. Smith, engl. hot. 1379.
Mor. hist. sect. 5. t. 29. f. 2. Petiv. brit. t. 10. Tandich, icon,
t. 284. This plant is in every respect the same as H. glabra,
except in the hairiness.
Var. /3, pubescens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 368.) leaves ciliated,
smoothish ; stipulas larger. Paronychia pubescens, D. C. fl. fr.
3. p. 403.
Hairy Rupture-wort. Fl. July, Aug. England. Pl.tr.
5 H. inca'na (Lam. diet. 3. p. 124.) suffruticose, prostrate,
hoary from villi ; leaves ovate-oblong ; flowers somewhat pedi-
cellate, in loose clusters. H. Native of Italy, Provence,
Dauphiny, &c. in barren places. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 375. H.
lenticulata, Lin. spec. p. 317. exclusive of the synonymes. H.
alpina, Lois, but not of Vaill.
Hoary Rupture-wort. PI. tr.
6 H. Besse'ri (Fisch. ex Horn, suppl. p. 127.) stems shrubby
at the base, somewhat ascending ; branches elongated ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, pubescent ; bundles axillary, many flowered,
rather loose. If. H. Native of Tauria and Podolia. H. in-
cana, Bieb. suppl. p. 173. H. hirshta, D’Urv. enum. p. 28. H.
Millegrana, Pall, ex Spreng. and perhaps H. microcarpa of
Presl. del. prag. which was collected on the mountains of Sicily.
Besser’s Rupture-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl.tr.
7 FI. macroca'rpa (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 252.) stems
fruticulose at the base, ascending; branches setosely pubescent;
leaves obovate-lanceolate, hairy on both surfaces, as well as on
the calyxes; bundles few-flowered. 'If. H. Native of La-
conia, and by the way side between Smyrna and Bursa ; also in
the Balearic Islands.
Large-fruited Rupture-wort. PI. tr.
8 H. alpina (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 556. exclusive of the sy-
nonyme,) root becoming woody at length ; stems prostrate,
tufted, densely leafy, suffruticose ; leaves oval, rather villous,
ciliated ; flowers few towards the tops of the branches, somewhat
glomerate, "if . H. Native of Provence, Dauphiny, and Savoy
on the Alps. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 375. H. alpestris, Lam.
diet. 3. p. 125. This plant is distinguished from H.incdna at
first sight by its greenish habit, not hoary.
Alpine Rupture- wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. tr.
9 H. America'na (Nutt. inSillim. amer. journ. 5. p. 822. p.
291.) smoothish, procumbent; leaves linear-oblong, much
shorter than the internodes ; stipulas minute ; bundles many-
flowered. 1^* H. Native of Eastern Florida. Anychia her-
niarioides, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 308. but not of Michx. ex Nutt.
Camphorosma glabra of authors. Stem clothed with retrograde
down. Racemes 3-5-flowered. Lobes of calyx obtuse, coarc-
tate, white inside.
American Rupture-wort. PI. pr.
10 H. seti'gera (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3.
p. 247.) plant perennial, herbaceous, puberulous, many-stem-
med, prostrate ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, furnished with spiny
bristles at the apex ; flowers almost sessile, axillary, and usually
solitary, puberulous on the outside; stamens 3; styles united
at the base. 1£. F. Native of Chili, at El Aquadita, near La
Punta de San Luis. This species has no scales or abortive
petals, and but only one style, and stigmas have been per-
ceived.
Bristle-bearing Rupture-wort. PI. prostrate.
11 H. FRUTicosA (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 269.) stem shrubby, very
humble, much branched, tufted ; branches short, villous ; leaves
small, obovate, thickish, crowded ; flowers glomerate, hairy, 4-
cleft. T? . H. Native of Spain, in dry exposed places ; and of
Mauritania, near Mascar. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 213. — Lob. icon,
t. 85. — Barrel, icon. t. 713.
Shrubby Rupture-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1814. PI. proc.
§ 2. Polygonoidece (plants with the habit of Polygonum ).
Stems erect, dichotomous at the apex. Flowers glabrous, disposed
in loose cymes. Perhaps a proper genus.
12 H. polygonoides (Cav. icon. 2. t. 137.) erect, glabrous,
shrubby ; branches dichotomous at the apex ; leaves ovate, cus-
pidate, distant. Tj . H. Native of Mauritania, near Mascar ;
and on the hills of Spain, in Valentia, as well as in Provence.
Illecebrum suffruticosum, Lin. spec. p. 298. Paronychia suf-
fruticosa, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 230. Herniaria erecta, Desf. alt. 1.
p. 214. H. Joanneana, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 297.
This species differs from Paronychia, in the fruit being indehis-
cent. The habit is very dissimilar from the other species of
Herniaria, but emulates Anychia and Paronychia.
Polygonum- like Rupture-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1752.
PI. foot.
f Species not sufficiently known.
13 H. dicho'toma (D. C. prod. 3. p. 368.) stems erect, nu-
merous, dichotomous, herbaceous ; leaves distant, oblong, mutic,
and are, as well as the branches, powdery from short down ;
flowers cymose. If . ? H. Native country unknown. Parony-
chia dichotoma, D. C. in Lam. diet. ency. 5. p. 25. Illecebrum
dichotomum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. “Calyx glumaceous, striat-
ed at the base and pubescent, profoundly 5-cleft ; segments
bluntish, with scarious margins ; sterile threads 5, alternating
with the sepals, and 5 antheriferous ones opposite them, hardly
shorter than the sterile ones. Style bidentate at the apex. Ova-
rium attenuated at the base. Ovulum one, pendulous, suspended
from the top of a thread, which arises from the bottom of the
capsule.” Adr. Juss. in litt. 1827.
Dichotomous Rupture-vrort. PI. to ^ foot.
14 H. lenticula'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 245.) suffruticose,
hairy, decumbent, clothed with cinereous villi ; leaves ovate,
fleshy. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. H. incana
Capensis, Pers. This is a very obscure species. The Linnean
plant under this name, according to Vahl and Smith, is Cressa
Cretica ; but we know not what Thunberg’s plant is.
Lenticular Rupture-wort. PI. procumbent.
Cult. All the species are weedy looking plants, most of them
with the habit of wild-thyme, and therefore are only worth culti-
vating in botanic gardens. The plants grow best in dry light
sandy soil, and are increased by seeds.
IV. GYMNOCA'RPUM (from yvpvoQ, gymnos, naked, and
Kap7roc, karpos, a fruit). Forsk. descr. p. 65. icon. t. 10. Desf.
atl. 1. p. 203. St. Hil. plac. lib. p. 73. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p.
388. D.C. prod. 3. p. 369.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx almost 3-parted,
permanent ; segments coloured inside. Petals 5, emulating sterile
filaments. Stamens 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx.
Style one, crowned by a simple stigma. Capsule valveless, 1-
seeded, covered by the indurated calyx. — Diffuse subshrubs,
with opposite stipulaceous leaves, usually bearing fascicles of
rameal leaves in the axils. Pedicels axillary, solitary, opposite,
appearing crowded at the tops of the branches, from the inter-
nodes being short. The name of this genus is spelt variously
by authors, viz. Gymnocarpos (Forsk.), Gymnocarpus (Viv.),
Gymnocarpon (Pers.), Gymnocarpum (Steud.).
I G. fruticosum (Pers. ench. 1. p. 636.). T? . F. Native of
the deserts of Barbary, Egypt, &c. G. decandrum, Forsk. 1. c.
Viv. fl. lib. 13. t. 10. f. 1. Desf. 1. c. Trianthema fruticosa,
Vahl. symb. 1. p. 32. Lobes of calyx violaceous inside, some-
what cucullate at the apex, and furnished with an awn on the back.
Shrubby Gymnocarpum. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. This shrub will require to be protected from frost in
88
PARONYCHIEAi. V. Anychia. VI. Illecebrum. VII. Paronychia.
winter, and for this purpose it should be grown in a pot. A
mixture of sand and loam will suit the plant very well, and it
may either be increased by seeds or cuttings.
V. ANY'CHIA (so named from its affinity to Paronychia ).
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 113. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 389.
Torr. fl. unit. stat. 1. p. 272. D. C. prod. 3. p. 369. — Queria,
Gaert. fr. 2. t. 128. Nutt. gen. amer. p. 158.
Lin. syst. Tri-Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted ; se-
pals conniving, somewhat saccate, and callous at the apex. Pe-
tals and scales none. Stamens 3-5 ; filaments distinct. Style
none. Stigmas 3, subcapitate. Capsule indehiscent, 1 -seeded,
covered by the calyx. — North American, erect, dichotomous,
annual herbs, with the habit of Linum catharticum. Leaves op-
posite, furnished with scarious stipulas at the base. Flowers
solitary in the axils of the branches, and in fascicles at the tops
of the short branches, green.
1 A. dichotoma (Michx. 1. c.) stem covered with retrograde
pubescence; leaves cuneate-oblong ; stipulas longer than the
flowers; flowers in fascicles. ©. H. Native of Virginia, New
York, Kentucky, and Canada, in dry woods and on hills. Queria
Canadensis, Lin. spec. Ort. dec. t. 15. f. 2. Nutt. 1. c. Anychia
dichotoma var. a. Torr. fl. unit. stat. 1. p. 273. A. Canadensis,
Elliott, car. 1. p. 307.
Dichotomous Anychia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. ^ to
^ foot.
2 A. capilla'cea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 369.) stem quite gla-
brous, smooth ; leaves ovate ; stipulas shorter than the flowers ;
flowers remote. ©. H. Native of New Jersey and New
England, in pine barrens. Queria capillacea, Nutt. gen. amer.
1. p. 159. Anychia dichotoma /3, Torr. 1. c. According to
Torrey, this is only a smooth variety of the last.
Capillaceous Anychia. PI. to \ foot.
Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in
the open border in a dry warm situation in a light soil.
VI. ILLE CEBRUM (from Illecebra of Pliny, which is from
illicio , to allure ; pretty enticing plants). Gaertn. fil. carp. p. 36.
t. 18k. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 386. R. Br. prod. p. 416. in a
note. — Paronychia species, Tourn. Juss. Lam. and D. C. — Ille-
cebrum species of Lin.
Lin. syst. Di-Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted, nearly
3-sepalled ; sepals subcucullate, thickened, ending in an awn-
like horn at the apex on the back. Petals wanting, or 5 su-
bulate scales in place of the petals, alternating with the lobes of
the calyx. Stamens 2-5, opposite the sepals, and inserted in
their base. Style hardly any ; stigmas 2, capitate. Capsule
covered by the calyx, 5-valved, or divisable into 5 at the stripes.
Seed solitary from abortion, inserted in the side of the capsule.
Embryo hardly curved, placed on one side of the albumen, which
is farinaceous. — A small trailing herb, with opposite leaves, fur-
nished with scarious stipulas at the base. Flowers axillary or
cymose. Bracteas scarious, smaller than the flowers.
1 I. verticilea'tum (Lin. spec. p. 280.) stems trailing, fili-
form, glabrous ; leaves roundish ; flowers crowded in the axils
of the leaves, verticillate. 1/. H. Native of Europe, in bogs
and wet meadows. In England in the western part of Cornwall,
about Penzance, and in Devonshire, in marshy boggy ground.
Schkuhr, bandb. t. 50. Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 409. t. 4.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 895. Fl. dan. t. 335. — Vaill. bot. par. 1. 15.
f. 2. Flowers snow white, furnished with scarious bracteas at
the base. Calyxes cartilaginous. Stamens 2 ex Juss., the rest
abortive, 5 ex Schkuhr. Root creeping.
Whorled Knot-grass. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. tr.
Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a moist situ-
ation, where the plants will thrive and flower freely ; and if the
seeds be allowed to scatter themselves, the plants will rise regu-
larly every season. It is worth cultivating, being a small deli-
cate beautiful plant.
VII. PARONYCHIA (from rrapu, para, near, and owl,
onyx, a claw ; supposed to cure a tumour which rises near the
nail). Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 388. D. C. prod. 3. p. 370. St.
Hil. fl. bras. 2.p.l85. — Paronychia species of Tourn. Juss. gen.
— Illecebrum species of Lin.
Lin. syst. Pent&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 22.
f.) ; lobes concave, cucullate, generally mucronate at the apex
(f. 22. b.). Petals or scales 5, subulate, alternating with the
lobes of the calyx. Stamens 5 (f. 22. a.). Style one, entire or
bifid (f. 22. d.)\ lobes papilliferous inside. Capsule 1-seeded (f.
22. e.), membranaceous, indehiscent or 5-valved, covered by the
calyx. — Herbaceous or suffrutescer.t much branched plants.
Leaves opposite, stipulate ; stipulas scabrous, twin on both sides
between the leaves. Young leaves frequently in fascicles in the
axils of the old leaves. Flowers cymose or glomerate, but
usually crowded in the axils of the leaves.
Sect. I. Cha:tony/’chia (from xaiTrt> chaite, a head of hair,
and owl, onyx, a claw ; in reference to the lobes of the calyx
ending in a bristle each). D. C. prod. 3. p. 370. Lobes of calyx
equal, dilated at the apex, membranous, ending in an awn on
the back. Scales or petals, or abortive stamens perhaps want-
ing. Flowers cymose.
IP.? cymosa (D. C. in Lam. diet. 5. p. 26. fl. fr. 3. p. 402.)
stems erect, branched, divaricate, puberulous ; leaves linear,
nearly terete, glabrous, awned ; flowers cymose, ultimate ones in
fascicles. ©. H. Native of Spain, Greece, Mauritania, in
sandy places. Illecebrum cymosum, Lin. spec. 299. exclusive
of Bocc. syn. Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 408. t. 4. Flowers
greenish. This plant is allied to Illecebrum, but is probably a
distinct genus.
Cymose Paronychia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. £ foot.
Sect. II. Euny'chia (altered from Paronychia. This section
is supposed to contain the genuine species of the genus). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 370. Lobes of calyx equal, awned, mucronate or
nearly unarmed, not dilated at the apex. Flowers crowded in
the axils of the leaves.
2 P. echina'ta (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 232. exclusive of Lin. syn.)
stems branched, prostrate, smoothish ; leaves oval, glabrous ;
flowers subsecund, crowded in the axils of the leaves, puberu-
lous; lobes of calyx drawn out into somewhat divaricate awns.
©. H. Native of Mauritania, Portugal, Corsica, Sicily, Pro-
vence, in sand by the sea side. Illecebrum echinatum, Desf. atl.
1. p. 204. Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 409. t. 4. Smith, fl.
graec. t. 245. — Bocc. sic. t. 20. f. 3. Flowers greenish.
Echinated-R owered Paronychia. Fl. July. Clt. 1821. PI.
prostrate.
3 P. Brasilia' na (D. C. in Lam. diet. 5. p. 23.) stems trail-
ing, puberulous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed both at the
base and apex, mucronate, pubescent on both surfaces; flowers
crowded in the axils of the leaves ; calyx glabrous, deeply 5-
parted : lobes ending in a long mucrone each. 1? . G. Native
of Buenos Ayres and Monte Video, by road sides. P. Bona-
riensis, D. C. prod. 3. p. 370. Flowers white.
Brazilian Paronychia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. tr.
4 P. commu'nis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 186.) stems trailing,
puberulous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrow at the base and
the apex, mucronate, pubescent on both surfaces ; flowers
crowded in the axils of the leaves ; calyx turbinate, pubescent ;
lobes equal, ending in short points. 2/ . G. Native of Brazil,
in pastures in that part of the province of St. Paul called Cam-
PARONYCHIE/E. VII. Paronychia.
pos Geraes, and by the sea side in the province of St. Catharine.
Flowers deep brown.
Common Paronychia. PI. tr.
5 P. Chile'nsis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 370.) steins diffuse, tufted;
leaves crowded, oblong-linear, mucronate, smoothish ; flowers
crowded in the axils of the leaves ; lobes of calyx hardly mucro-
nate at the apex. 2£. F. Native of Chili, about Conception
and Valparaiso. Leaves of the younger branches subspinose
at the apex, of the adult ones .acute. Stipulas oblong, scarious.
Chili Paronychia. PI. ^ foot.
6 P. camphorosmoides (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 187.) stems
diffuse, pubescent ; leaves linear-subulate, keeled, mucronate,
puberulous ; flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves ; calyx
turbinate, smoothish : lobes equal, acutish. ©• H. Native of
Brazil, in that part of the province of St. Paul called Campos
Geraes, near EgrejaVelha.
Camphorosma-like Paronychia. PI. \ to 1 foot.
7 P. Ara'bica (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 130.) stems
diffuse, branched ; leaves oblong-linear, glabrous, awnedly mu-
cronate ; flowers sessile, rather crowded : lobes of calyx ending
in a long awn each. ©. H. Native of Arabia and Egypt.
Corrigiola albella, Forsk. descr. p. 207. Illecebrum Arabicum,
Lin. mant. p. 51. Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. Bracteas silvery, awned
at the apex.
Arabian Paronychia. PI. diffuse.
8 P. polygonifolia (D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 3. p. 403.) stems
trailing, branched; leaves oblong-linear, smoothish, acute, not
mucronate; flowers rather crowded in the axils of the leaves ;
lobes of calyx ending in a short mucrone each. 1/ . H. Native
of Dauphiny, Spain, and Balearic Islands. Illecebrum polygo-
nifolium, V ill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 410. t. 4. Illecebrum
verticillatum (5, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1205. Illecebrum alpinum,
Vill. dauph. 1. p. 296. This plant hardly differs from P. ar-
gentea, unless in the leaves being narrower.
Knot-grass-leaved Paronychia. PI. tr.
9 P. arge'ntea (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 230.) stems trailing,
branched ; leaves ovate, smoothish, acutish ; flowers axillary and
terminal, crowded ; lobes of calyx ending in a short mucrone
each. 1/. H. Native of the south of Europe, in dry exposed
places. D. C. fl, fr. ed. 3. vol. 3. p. 404. Illecebrum Parony-
chia, Lin. spec. p. 299. Smith, fl. graec. t. 246. — Barrel, icon,
t. 726. P. argentea and P. Hispanica, D. C. diet. ency. 5. p. 24.
There is a variety with rounder glabrous leaves. Bracteas white,
shining, acuminated. Perhaps the same as Illecebrum Italicum
and 111. Narbonense, Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 411.
Var. /3, Mauritdnica (D. C. prod. 3. p. 371) leaves broader ;
heads large, distant. 1/ . H. Native of Mauritania and the
Archipelago. Illecebrum Mauritanicum, Willd. rel. in Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 516.
Silvery Paronychia. PI. tr.
10 P. capita' ta (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 229.) stems erectish ; leaves
oblong, keeled, ciliated, pubescent ; bracteas acuminated ; heads
of flowers terminal; lobes of calyx linear, unequal. 7/. H.
Native of the south of Europe, in arid places. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3.
vol. 3. p. 404. P. rigida, Mcench. meth. p. 315. Illdcebrum
capit&tum, Lin. spec. 1. p. 299. Smith, fl. graec. t. 247 — Lob.
icon. 420. f. 1. Flowers white. Perhaps the same as Illece-
brum Lugdunense, Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. t. 4. ?
Capitate-^ owered Paronychia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683.
PI. to §- foot.
11 P. serpyllifolia (D. C. inLam.dict. 5. p. 24. fl. fr. ed. 3.
vol. 3. p. 404.) stems prostrate, creeping, knotted, branched ;
leaves obovate, flat, rather fleshy, with ciliated margins ; flowers
terminal ; bracteas acuminated ; lobes of calyx awnless. 1/ . H.
Native of the south of Europe, in arid places. Illecebrum ser-
pyllifolium, Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. t. 4. Flowers white.
VOL. III.
89
Var. /3, lierniarioides (Pourr. chi. narb. p. 321.) leaves sub-
cordate.
Wild-thyme-leaved Paronychia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. prostrate.
12 P. nivea (D. C. diet. ency. 5. p. 25.) stems erectish, much
branched • leaves oblong, acute, flattish, pubescent ; bracteas
large, short-acuminated ; heads of flowers terminal ; lobes of
calyx awnless. 7/ . ? H. Native of Spain, Italy, the Levant,
&c. in arid places. — Barrel, icon. t. 687. and 725. ? Illecebrum
niveum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. Illecebrum cephalotes, Bieb. fl.
taur. suppl. p. 169. Perhaps the same as 111. maritimum, Vill.
1. c. P. Arragonica, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 520. ? Flowers snow
white.
Snowy Paronychia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. ^ to ^ ft.
13 P. aretioides (D. C. prod. 3. p. 371.) stems fruticulose,
ascending, much branched ; branchlets hairy ; leaves clothed
with silky pubescence, oval-oblong, obtuse, not exceeding the
stipulas; bracteas obtuse; heads of flowers terminal. 7/.H.
Native of Spain, in the province of Valentia. Illecebrum are-
tioides, Pourr. ined. ex L. Dufl. in litt.
Aretia-like Paronychia. PI. ^ to L foot.
14 P. Canarie'nse (Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 389.) stem
shrubby, erect, branched at the apex ; branches rather hoary
from short white hairs ; leaves ovate, acute, downy ; cymes
panicled, branched, loose ; bracteas mucronately awned at the
apex, but not hiding the flowers. Tj . G. Native of Teneriffe.
Habit of Polycarpce a Canariensis, but differs in the ovarium
being 1 -seeded.
Canary Paronychia. PI. j-to{ foot.
15 P. Smi'thii (Choisy, mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 371.)
stem shrubby, erect, branched; leaves linear-oblong, acumi-
nated, nerveless, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ;
cymes few-flowered, loose : lobes of calyx mucronately awned.
ij • G. Native of the Canary Islands.
Smith’s Paronychia. Shrub ^ to ± foot.
16 P. herniarioides (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 159.) plant her-
baceous, trailing, crowded, downy all over ; leaves oblong-oval,
ciliated, terminated by a bristle ; lobes of calyx subulate, ending
each in a spreading setaceous acumen. . H. Native of South
Carolina, in arid sandy places. Anychia herniarioides, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 113. Anychia Herniarice, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 261.
Rupture-wort-like Paronychia. PI. tr.
17 P. dicho'toma (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 159.) plant rather
herbaceous, tufted, procumbent, glabrous ; leaves linear, acerose,
acute, marked by a double line on the back ; stipulas bifid ;
cymes dichotomous ; bracteas shorter than the flowers ; lobes of
calyx ending in a short mucrone each. 7/ . H. Native of Vir-
ginia, on rocks at the river Shenondoah. Achyranthes dichotoma,
Lin. mant. p. 51.
Dichotomous Paronychia. PI. procumbent.
18 P. argyro'coma (Nutt. 1. c. p. 160.) plant herbaceous,
tufted, procumbent, pubescent; leaves linear, acutely pungent,
villous, nerveless ; stipulas entire ; cymes dichotomous ; brac-
teas about equal in length to the flowers ; lobes of calyx mucro-
nate. 7/ . H. Native of Lower Carolina and of Tennessee,
among rocks on the mountains. Anychia argyrocoma, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 114. In habit this plant approaches the
preceding. Stipulas elongated. Bracteas acuminated. Flowers
white.
Silvery-tufted Paronychia. PI. procumbent.
19 P. sessiliflora (Nutt. 1. c. p. 160.) plant densely tufted,
much branched, glabrous ; leaves linear-subulate, acute : superior
ones longer, recurved ; stipulas about equal in length to the
leaves, bifid ; flowers terminal, sessile ; lobes of calyx arched
on the inside at the apex, and ending in a long awn each on the
N
90
PARONYCHIEiE. VII. Paronychia. VIII. Pentacjena. IX. Cardionema. X. Polycarpjea.
outside. %. H. Native of North
America, on the more elevated
hills about the Missouri, near
Fort Mandan ; on the dry banks
of the north branch of the Saskat-
chawan, between Carlton House
and Edmonton House. Hook. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 227. t. 75. (f.
22.)
Sessile - flowered Paronychia.
PI. 1 foot.
Sect. III. Acanthony'chia
(from aKavSog, acanthos, a spine,
and owl,, onyx , a claw ; in refer-
ence to the 3 outer lobes of the
calyx, being each furnished with
an awn-like spine at the apex). D. C. prod. 3. p. 372. Lobes of
calyx unequal, 3 outer ones furnished each with an awn-like spine
at the apex, 2 inner ones small, and nearly unarmed. Stigmas 2,
sessile.
20 P. Rose'tta (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 188. t. 113.) stems
trailing, woolly ; leaves linear-subulate, mucronate, smoothish ;
lobes of calyx unequal, 3 outer ones the largest, and furnished
with a long mucrone each : 2 inner ones smaller, and nearly awn-
less. Flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves. 1/ . G. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of St. Catharine, in sand by the
sea side, where it is called by the inhabitants Rosetta. Probably
a species of Pentacee na.
Rosetta Paronychia. PI. tr.
■j- Species not sufficiently known.
21 P. tenuifolia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 372.) stem branched,
diffuse, hairy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat ciliated ;
flowers axillary, longer than the stipulas. ©. H. Native
country unknown. Illecebrum tenuifolium, Willd. enum. suppl.
p. 12.
Fine-leaved Paronychia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
procumbent.
22 P. sedifolia (Salt. itin. abyss, ed germ. 1. p. 476. ex
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 523.) This species is not de-
scribed.
Stone-crop-leaved Paronychia. PI.
t Plants referred by authors to the genus Paronychia, which
are to be excluded.
1 P. lanuginosa (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 302.) is probably a
species of Gomphrena.
2 P. Bengalensis (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 521. but not
of Juss.) is probably a species of Achyranthes.
3 P. tenella (Hortul. or Illecebrum tenellum of Desf.) is per-
haps a species of Alternanth&ra.
4 P. dichotoma (D. C. in Lam. diet, but not of Nutt.) is Her-
niaria dichotoma.
5 P. subulata is Polycarpae'a spadicea.
6 P. linearifolia is now Polycarpae'a linearifolia.
Cult. All the species of this genus are well adapted for orna-
menting rock-work, from their dwarf stature, and generally
trailing habit. Most of them, however, grow best in small pots
in sand and loam, filling the pots half way with sherds ; and
they are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root, or
by cuttings under a hand-glass, or by seeds. The seeds of the
annual species only require to be sown in the open border or on
rock-work. Some of the species are marked green-house and
frame ; these require to be protected from frost in winter.
VIII. PENTACdE'NA (from rrevre, pente, five, and anaiva,
FIG. 22.
akaina, a thorn ; in reference to the 5 spiny lobes of the calyx).
Bartling in reliq. Hoenk. 2. p. 5. t. 49. f. 1.
Lin. syst. Penldndria , Digynia. Calyx 5-parted ; segments
very unequal : 3 outer ones spiny at the apex, and woolly on the
margins : 2 inner ones much shorter, boat-shaped, and armed on
the back. Stamens 5, without any sterile filaments ; anthers 2-
celled. Stigmas 2, short. Fruit 1-seeded.
1 P. ramosi'ssima (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 248.)
stems trailing, woolly ; leaves linear-subulate, mucronate ; lobes
of calyx unequal, all linear and hood-formed, ending each in a
very long point on the back ; flowers sessile, axillary, crowded.
H. . G. Native of Brazil, on the confines of the province of Rio
Grande de St. Pedro do Sul, and of the province of Cisplatin ;
and among rocks about Monte Video ; of Chili, in Las Achiras,
province of Cordova, Valparaiso, and Buenos Ayres; also of
Mexico, at the foot of Mount Orizaba. Paronychia ramosissima,
D. C. prod. 3. p. 372. mem. paron. p. 12. t. 4. Loeflingia
ramosissima, Weinm. in bot. zeit. p. 608. Pent, polychnemo-
noides, Bartl. in Presl. reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 5. t. 49. f. 1. Stipulas
scarious, woolly.
Much-branched Pentacaena. PI. tr.
Cult. See Paronychia for culture and propagation.
IX. CARDIONE'MA (from KapSta, cardia, the heart, and
vrjfxa, nema, a filament ; in reference to the sterile filaments
being obcordate). D. C. prod. 3. p. 372.- — Bivonae'a, Moc. et
Sesse, fl. mex. ined. but not of D. C. nor Spreng.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes conniv-
ing, rather coloured inside, and rather concave, drawn out on the
back at the apex into a long straight conical horn each. Petals
wanting. Stamens 5, opposite the lobes of the calyx, and inserted
in their base ; 2 of which are sterile, obcordate, and flat : and 3
fertile, obcordate at the base, bearing each a slender antheriferous
filament in the recess ; anthers roundish, 2-celled. Styles 2,
hardly concrete at the base, long, revolule. Fruit 1-seeded,
ovate-oblong. — A small many-stemmed herb. Leaves opposite,
crowded, rather distich, linear, acute. Flowers sessile, axillary,
small, greenish white, each furnished with 5 bracteas, 4 of the
bracteas linear and entire, the fifth larger and serrulated.
1 C. multicau'le (D. C. prod. 3. p. 373. mem. par. t. 1.)
1/ . G. Native of Mexico. Bivonae'a multicaulis, Moc. et
Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.
Many-stemmed Cardionema. PI. small.
Cult. This plant is to be cultivated and propagated in the
same manner as that recommended for the species of Paronychia.
It will require protection in winter, by placing it in a frame
or green-house.
Tribe III.
POLYCARPiE'.i&e-flowered Purgosia. PI. \ to 1 foot.
Cult. The greater part of this genus of succulent plants
being biennial, the seeds of them should be sown in spring or
summer, in pots filled with gravelly sand and loam, well drained
in the bottom. Cuttings of them are also easily rooted, if laid
to dry a few days after they are cut, before being planted, espe-
cially of those species which are permanent. Brick rubbish,
mixed with loam, is a good soil for the grown up plants.
VII. GLOBU'LEA (from globulus, a globule or small globe ;
in reference to the waxy globules with which the petals are
tipped). Haw. syn. p. 60. rev. succ. p. 17. phil. mag. 1824.
sept. p. 189. — Crassula species of Lin. and others.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-pavted. Pe-
tals 5, erect, bearing each a waxy globule at the apex. Stamens
5, shorter than the petals. Scales 5, short, broad, obtuse. Car-
pels 5. — Herbs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
fiat, rather cultrate : cauline ones few : radical ones crowded,
opposite, not always decussate, but more or less disposed by
pairs, in a spiral manner, about the base of the stem. Flowers
in dense corymbs, subcapitate, small, of a pale cream colour or
white.
§ 1. Cultratce (from cullratus, made like a knife; form of
leaves like a pruning knife). Leaves cuneately-obovate, cultrate.
Stem suffruticose. Ham. in phil. mag. 1824 . p. 190.
1 G. cultra'ta (Haw. syn. p. 60.) erect ; leaves obovate-
elliptic, acutish, obliquely subreflexed, connate, flatfish, shining.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula cul-
trata, Lin. spec. 2. p. 405. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1940. — Dill,
hort. elth. p. 115. t. 97. f. 114. Flowers cream-coloured.
Cultrate-leaved Globulea. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1732. Sh. 1 ft.
2 G. radi'cans (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 27.) plant erect,
bushy ; branches crowded, rooting downwards ; leaves lanceo-
late-ovate, cultrate; flowers in dense heads. J? . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. It differs from the preceding
in the sepals being obtuse, in the heads of flowers being more
dense, and in the flowers being smaller. Flowers white.
Rooting Globulea. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1 foot.
3 G. atropurpu'rea (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 189.)
VOL. III.
leaves obliquely cuneate-obovate, dark purple ; scape or flower
bearing stem, very long, and panicled. 1? . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Crassula obliqua j3, Haw. rev. succ. p.
204. It approaches very near G. cultrata, but differs in the in-
florescence. Flowers white.
Dark purple-leaved Globulea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub
|-to 1 foot.
§ 2. Linguatce (from lingua, a tongue ; form of leaves).
Leaves lorate, obtuse, convex beneath, or narrow tongue-formed,
imbricating exactly in 4 rows. Stem very short or herbaceous.
Scapes or floriferous stems naked. Ham. in phil. mag. 1824.
p. 191.
4 G. li'ngua (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 28.) leaves elon-
gated, lorate, ventricosely semi-lanceolate, cultrate, and are as
well as the calyxes ciliated. 7/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves without dots. Flowers panicled, white ;
anthers yellow.
Tongue-leaved Globulea. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft.
5 G. lIngula (Haw. 1. c. p. 29.) leaves rather elongated,
ventricosely semi-lanceolate, cultrate, thin, flaccid. If . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like the preceding,
but much smaller.
Small-tongue-leaved Globulea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823.
PI. § foot.
6 G. capita'ta (Haw. rev. succ. p. 17.) leaves ventricosely
lanceolate, cultrate, rather convex beneath, imbricately decus-
sate, when young hoary. If. D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Crassula capitata, Salm-Dyck, cat. 1820. p. 14.
but not of Lam. Very like G. obvcillata, but larger, and the
leaves are more acinaciform, usually an inch and a half broad.
Capitate- flowered Globulea. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1819. PI.
to 1 foot.
7 G. obvalla'ta (Haw. syn. p. 60.) leaves opposite, connate,
sublanceolate, cultrate, with cartilaginously ciliated edges : radi-
cal ones approximate ; panicle elongated ; peduncles opposite,
cymose. . or 7/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Trew. pi. rar. 1. t. 11. Crassula obvallata, Lin. mant. p. 61.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 61. Crassula obfalcata and obvallaris, Hortul.
Flowers wdiite.
Guarded-leaved Globulea. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1795. PI. \ ft.
8 G. cane’scens (Haw. syn. p. 61.) leaves all radical, decus-
sately imbricated, ciliated, lorately lanceolate, bent, cultrate,
canescent. 7f . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Crassula canescens, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 734. An intermediate
species between G. obvallata and G. nudicaulis.
Canescent Globulea. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. foot.
§ 3. Angustdtce (from angustus, narrow ; leaves). Leaves
linear, semi-terete, furrowed, or terete. Stems herbaceous, tufted.
Scapes leafless. Ham. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 191.
9 G. nudicau'lis (Haw. syn. p. 6 1 .) stemless; leaves radical,
crowded, rosulate, semi-terete, subulate, acute, rather pubescent;
scape nearly naked ; heads of flowers somewhat verticillate,
glomerated at the apex of the scape. If. D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula nudicaulis, Lin. spec. p.
405. D. C. pi. grass, t. 132. — Dill. hort. elth. p. 116. t. 99.
f. 115. Flowers white.
Naked-stemmed Globulea. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1732, PI.
{ to J foot.
10 G. sulca'ta (Haw. rev. p. 18.) stemless ; leaves incurved,
subulate, semi-terete, deep green, shining, broadly channelled.
If. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like G.
nudicaulis, but differs in being glabrous, and in the leaves being
broadly furrowed above.
Furromed-leaved Globulea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl.^ft.
P
106
CRASSULACEJi. VII. Globulea. VIII. Curtogyne. IX. Grammanthes.
§ 4. Lordtce (from loratus, lorate ; shape of leaves). Leaves
lorate, narrowest at the apex, convex beneath, tufted, imbricating
in 4 rows. Stems herbaceous. Scapes leafy.
1 1 G. impre'ssa (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 189.) plant
stemless ; leaves lorately-lanceolate, green, fall of impressed
dots ; dots large, scattered, numerous. 1/ . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves caespitose, decussate, rather
ciliated at the base. Flowers small, pale.
Var. (3, minor (Haw. 1. c.) smaller ; dots on leaves more ob-
solete.
Imprcssed-dotted Globulea. FI. Aug. Sept. CIt. 1820. PI. -^ft.
12 G. panicula'ta (Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. p. 29.) leaves
lorate, acuminated, green, beset with minute impressed dots ;
branches of panicle spike-formed. 1/ . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Plant stemless, smooth. Leaves convex
beneath and channelled above, with cartilaginously sub-ciliated
margins. Flowers snow white ; anthers yellow.
Panicled-flowered Globulea. Fl.Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. \ to \ ft.
13 G. hispida (Haw. 1. c. p. 30.) leaves crowded, lorate,
acuminated, convex beneath, hispid ; stem suffruticose, hispid.
V} . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white.
Hispid Globulea. FI. Nov. Clt. 1823. PI. \ foot.
§ 5. Subuldtce (from subula, an awl; shape of leaves). Leaves
subulate, fleshy, flattish above. Stems suffruticose, branched.
Flowers disjioscd in dense, cymose, terminal heads. Haw. in phil.
mag. 1824.^). 191.
14 G. mesembry anthemoides (Haw. 1. c. p. 190.) stems suf-
fruticose, bushy, erect ; leaves subulate, and are as well as the
branches, branchlets, and calyxes hispid. T? • H. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers glomerate, in dense fasci-
cles, cream-coloured.
Var. [3 ; plant a little taller ; flowers not so crowded.
Fig-marigold-like Globulea. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. PI.
^ to F foot.
15 G. subinca'na (Haw. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, erectly de-
cumbent ; leaves semiterete, subulate, acute, a little incurved,
and are as well as the branchlets covered with soft hoary down.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white.
There are decumbent and erect varieties of this plant.
Hoaryish Globulea. FI. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. -|foot.
16 G. mollis (Haw. 1. c. p. 191.) leaves semi-cylindrical,
acute, gibbous below, smooth, erectish, finely tomentose ; cymes
terminal, compound. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Crassula mollis, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189. Thunb. fl. cap.
p. 284. Stem frutescent, angular, a foot high, simple, erect.
Leaves somewhat triquetrous, and therefore it is probably a
distinct genus according to Haworth. Flowers white.
Soft Globulea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. Globulea is a very pretty genus of succulent plants.
Sandy loam and brick rubbish is a good soil for them ; and the
pots should be well drained. Cuttings root easily if laid to dry
a few days after cutting off, before they are planted, to dry up
the wound, that they may not rot. A good situation for the
plants is on the shelves of a greenhouse.
VIII. CURTO'GYNE (wprog, kurlos, gibbous, and y\ivr\,gyne,
a style, in botanical language ; in reference to the gibbous ovaria).
Haw. rev. succ. p. 8. D. C. prod. 3. p. 392.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, much
shorter than the corolla. Petals 5, united at the base into 5-
parted corolla. Stamens 5. Scales 5, short. Ovaria 5, terete-
oblong, gibbous at the apex, ending each in a long sublateral
style. — Subshrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
opposite, flat, rather fleshy, cartilaginously ciliated, ovate. In-
florescence disposed in umbellate cymes. Flowers white. — This
is an intermediate genus between Crassula and Rochea.
1 C. unda'ta (Haw. rev. p. 8.) leaves oblong, or ovate-
tongue-shaped, expanded : upper ones waved. 1? . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Curtogyne dejecta, D. C.
prod. 3. p. 392. Crassula dejecta, Jacq. schoenbr. t. 433.
Crassula undata, Haw. suppl. 1 9. Stems much branched, weak.
Petals snow white, spreading ; anthers exserted, purple, but at
length blackish.
Wavy- leaved Curtogyne. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI.
decumbent.
2 C. undula'ta (Haw. rev. p. 9.) leaves connate, ovate, ex-
panded, cartilagmously crenated : superior ones ovate-elliptic, un-
dulately incurved ; stems dichotomous. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula undulata, Haw. syn. p. 53.
Similar to the first species, but differs in all the parts being
much smaller and more branched. Flowers white.
Undulate-\eaved Curtogyne. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1797. Sh.-j ft.
3 C. undosa (Haw. in phil. mag. 1827. p. 184.) leaves ovate-
tongue-shaped, curled : those of the flowering branches retro-
flexed. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Waved- leaved Curtogyne. Fl.Jul. Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 ft.
Cull. The culture and propagation of the species of this
genus are the same as that recommended for Globulea, above.
A pretty succulent genus.
IX. GRAMMA NTHES (from ypaypa, gramma, a writing,
and avdog, anthos, a flower ; in consequence of the segments
of the corolla having some supposed resemblance to the letter
V marked on them ; hence also its synonymous name Vauan-
thes). D. C. prod. 3. p. 392. mem. crass, t. 1. f. 6. Vauanthes,
Haw. rev. p. 18. — Crassula species of Lin. and others.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Pentagynia. Calyx campanulate,
5-cleft, erect. Corolla gamopetalous, having the tube the length
of the calyx ; and the lobes 5-6, oval, expanded. Stamens 5-6,
alternating with the lobes, inserted in the tube of the corolla,
and inclosed within it. Scales wanting. Carpels 5. — Herbs
annual. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, remote, flat, sessile.
Flowers disposed in cymose corymbs.
1 G. chlor/eflora (Haw. 1. c.) leaves oblong. ©. D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herm. lugd. bat.
p. 553, with a figure. Crassula retroflexa, Thunb. fl. cap.
p. 282. but not of Meerb. Crassula dichotoma, Lin. amoen. 6.
p. 86. Ait. liort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 392. Pedicels lateral.
Flowers yellow. The segments of the corolla elegantly marked
with the inverted letter V. in red.
Far. (3 ; flowers orange-coloured. Crassula retroflexa, Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 194. Haw. syn. p. 57.
Chlora-jlowered Grammanthes. Fl.Jul. Clt. 1774. PI. -j ft.
2 G. gentianoIdes (D. C. prod. 3. p. 393.) leaves ovate-
oblong. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cras-
sula gentianoides, Lam. diet. 2. p. 175. — Pluk. mant. 89. t. 415.
f. 6. Flowers pale blue, ex Pluk. and Lam. but the flowers are
more likely yellow, and have become bluish on drying. Perhaps
sufficiently distinct from the preceding.
Gentian-like Grammanthes. PI. foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds thinly in pots filled with a mixture of
gravelly sand or lime rubbish and loam, draining them well with
sherds. The species are singular succulent plants.
X. RO'CHEA (in honour of M. de la Roche, author of a
monograph on the genus Eryngium, &c.). D. C. pi. grass, no.
103. prod. 3. p. 393. mem. crass, t. 1. f. 3. Larochea, Pers.
ench. no. 753. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. no. 1255. Haw. syn.
p. 50.
CRASSULACEtE. X. Rochea. XI. Kalosanthes.
107
Lin. syst. Pentdndria , Pentagynia. Calyx 5-lobed. Pe-
tals 5, united into gamopetalous hypocrateriform corolla ; with
a short tube, equal in length to the spreading limb, or shorter
than it. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, a little exserted.
Glands and carpels 5. — Tall, fleshy, simple, succulent shrubs.
Leaves opposite, connate at the base, thick, white. Flowers
disposed in terminal corymbs, without any bracteas.
1 R. falca'ta (D. C. pi. grass, t. 103.) leaves rather con-
nate, thick, glaucous, oblong, bluntish, bent down in the form of
a sickle. • D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. La-
rochea falcata, Haw. syn. p. 50. Tratt. thes. t. 20. Crassula
falckta, Willd. enum. p. 341. Sims, hot. mag. t. 2035. Cras-
sula retroflexa, Meerb. with a figure. Crassula obliqua, Andr.
hot. rep. p. 414. exclusive of the synonyms. Crassula Swel-
lingrebliana and Cr. decussata, Hort. gall. Flowers scarlet,
with the tube about 4 lines long, forming a large, dense, terminal
corymb.
Far. /3, minor (Haw. rev. succ. p. 3.) all parts of the plant
snifillcr*
AicWe-leaved Rochea. FI. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1795. Sh. 3 to 8 ft.
2 R. perfolia'ta (Haw. rev. p. 6. under Larochea ) leaves
connate, lanceolate, acuminated, rather channelled above, convex
beneath, of a greenish glaucous colour. 1? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula perfoliata, Lin. spec. 404.
Haw. syn. p. 51. Flowers scarlet, disposed in large, terminal
corymbs. Leaves said to be ciliated.
Far. /3, albiflora (Haw. 1. c.) flowers white. Crassula perfo-
liata, D.C. pi. grass, t. 13. — Dill. hort. elth. f. 113. Mill. fig.
t. 108. Comm, prsel. t. 23. without any flower, and is there-
fore referrible to A'loe pertusa, Haw. in Lin. trans. 7. p. 25.
Perfoliate- leaved Rochea. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1700. Sh.
3 to 6 feet.
3 R. albiflora (D. C. prod. 3. p. 393.) leaves distinct, ovate,
acuminated, spreading, cartilaginously ciliated. Jj . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula albiflora, Sims. bot.
mag. t. 2391. Flowers white, disposed like those of R. falcata,
but larger than those of R. perfoliata. Anthers blackish, and
a little more exserted than those of the other species.
White-flowered Rochea. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub
2 to 3 feet ?
Cult. Large, succulent plants, elegant when in flower. Their
culture, propagation, and treatment are the same as that recom-
mended for Globulea , p. 106.
XI. KALOSA'NTHES (from Ku\og, halos, beautiful, and
avdog, anthos, a flower ; flowers elegant). Haw. rev. succ.
1821. p. 6. but not of Blume. — Dietrichia, Tratt. tab. t. 449.
arch. gew. (1812.) no. 449. but not of Raeusch. — Rochea, sect.
2. Franciscea, D. C. prod. 3. p. 393.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 26.
a.). Petals 5, united into a gamopetalous hypocratriform co-
rolla (f. 26. a.), with a cylindrical tube 2 or 3 times longer than
the spreading limb (f. 26. a.). Stamens 5, alternating with the
petals ; anthers in the throat of the tube of the corolla. Glands
and carpels 5. — Succulent shrubs. Leaves opposite, oval, or
oblong, connate, flat, cartilaginously ciliated. Flowers disposed in
cymose umbels or heads, involucrated with numerous bracteas.
1 K. coccinea (Haw. rev. p. 18.) leaves connate and sheath-
ing at the base, ovate-oblong, acutish. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Larochea coccinea, Haw. syn. p. 50.
Crassula coccinea, Lin. spec. Curt. bot. mag. t. 495. Dietrl-
chia coccinea, Tratt. thes. t. 19. — Comm. rar. t. 24. Bradl.
succ. t. 50. Burm. afr. t. 23. f. 1. Flowers scarlet; tube an
inch long. According to Breyn. prod. 3. t. 20. f. 1. there is a
variety with flesh-coloured flowers ; and according to Bradl. succ.
t. 50. and Haw. rev. p. 8. there is a variety with white flowers,
but in the gardens it is not to be found but with scarlet flowers.
£carfe<-flowered Kalosanthes. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1710.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
2 K. MEvDiA(Haw. rev. p. 7.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, con-
nate, stem-clasping ; flowers variable in colour. 1? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Rochea media, D. C. prod.
3» p# 394*
Middle Kalosanthes. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 ft.
3 K. versicolor (Haw. rev. p. 7.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, connate and sheathing at the base ; stem erect, branched ;
flowers in umbellate heads. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, on the Table Mountain. Crassula versicolor,
Burch, ex Ker. bot. reg. t. 320. Rochea versicolor, D. C. prod.
3. p. 394. Flowers about the size of those of K. coccinea, having
the tube white, and the segments of the limb oval, white in the
middle, edged with scarlet. Calyx as long as f of the tube of
the corolla.
Party-coloured-ftowered. Kalosanthes. FI. Mar. Sept. Clt.
1817. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 K. odoratissima (Haw. rev.
p. 7.) leaves linear-lanceolate,
gradually acuminated, connately
stem-clasping ; flowers in umbel-
late heads ; segments of the co-
rolla oblong, acutish. 1? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Crassula odoratissima,
Andr. bot. rep. t. 26. Jacq. hort.
schoenbr. t. 434. Larochea odo-
ratissima, Haw. syn. p. 51. Die-
trichia odoratissima, Tratt. Ro-
chea odoratissima, D. C. prod. 3.
p. 394. The flowers are yellow,
according to Andrews ; yellow-
ish, Haworth ; but with red claws
and white lamina, according to
Jacquin; they have the scent of those of Polydnthus tuberusus,
or Tube-rose.
Far. ji, alba (D. C. prod. 3. p. 394.) flowers white. . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula capitata, Lodd.
bot. cab. t. 1029. Leaves less ciliated, according to the figure,
than those of the species.
Sweet-scented Kalosanthes. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 ft.
5 K. bicolor (Haw. rev. p. 7.) flowers capitate, sessile, yel-
low, and scarlet. ^ . D. G. • Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Very like the preceding species, but larger and more rigid, and
the leaves are more acute.
Two-coloured-fiowered Kalosanthes. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810.
Shrub 1 foot.
6 K. fla'va (Haw. syn. p. 50. under Larochea ) leaves con-
nate, sheathing, smooth, approximate, linear, thick, acute.
T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. t.
23. f. 3. Pluk. aim. t. 314. f. 2. Crassula flitva, Lin. mant.
p. 60. Flowers yellow, disposed in a panicled corymb.
Yellorv-d owered Kalosanthes. Shrub 1 to 2 feet ?
7 K. cymosa (Haw. rev. p. 7.) leaves connate, sheathing,
linear ; cymes terminal ; stem shrubby. Tj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Crassula cymosa, Lin. mant. 222. C.
capitata, Lam. diet. 2. p. 171. Larochea cymosa, Haw. syn. p.
50. Flowers red.
Ctymose-fl owered Kalosanthes. FI. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. \ ft.
8 K. jasmi'nea (Haw. rev. p. 6.) leaves lanceolate, sessile,
bluntish ; flowers few, capitate ; stems suffruticose, decumbent.
T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula jas-
miniflora, Haw. Crassula jasmmea, Sims, bot. mag. 2178.
p 2
FIG. 26.
108
CRASSULACEAL XI. Kalosanthes. XII. Kalanchoe.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1040. Crassula obtusa, Haw. suppl. p. 16.
Rochea jasminea, D. C. prod. 3. p. 3.94. Flowers white at first,
but becoming reddish as they fade, very like those of the
common jasmine, scentless. Tube of corolla almost 3 times
longer than the calyx. Heads containing 2-4 flowers.
Jasmine- flowered Kalosanthes. FI. April, May. Clt. 1815.
Shrub decumbent.
9 K. biconve'xa (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 185.) leaves
narrow-linear, distinctly convex on both surfaces. \ . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula biconvexa, Haw.
misc. p. 175. syn. 53. Rochea biconvexa, D. C. prod. 3. p.
394. Flowers white ?
Doub/e-convex-\eaved Kalosanthes. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823.
Shrub \ to 1 foot.
10 K. fascicula'ris (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 709. under Larochea,)
leaves connately sheathing at the base, linear-lanceolate ; flowers
in fascicles ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute, ciliated.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula fasci-
cularis, Lam. diet. 2. p. 171. Leaves glabrous, cartilaginously
ciliated. Corolla almost as in K. coccinea, but is a little
shorter.
Fascicled- leaved Kalosanthes. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. Elegant succulent shrubs, worth cultivating in every
collection for the beauty of their flowers. The culture, propa-
gation, and treatment they require are the same as that recom-
mended for Globulea, p. 106.
XII. KALANCHO'E (Chinese name of one of the species).
Adar.s. fam. 2. p. 248. D. C. pi. grass, no. 64. D. C. prod. 3.
p. 394. Haw. in phil. mag. 1829. p. 301. — Calanchoe, Pers. —
Vereia, Andr. bot. rep. t. 21. Verea, Willd.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Tetragynia. Calyx 4-parted (rarely
5-parted) ; sepals united only at the very base, lorate, acute,
spreadingly recurved at the apex. Corolla gamopetalous, hypo-
crateriform with an obversely clavate tube, and a 4-parted
(rarely 5-parted) spreading limb. Stamens 8, 4 of which are
adnate to the tube, nearly to the middle, the other 4 almost to
the apex. Scales 4, linear, but almost obsolete in the K. varians.
Carpels 4, continuous, with the filiform styles. — Succulent sub-
shrubs, from 1 to 2 feet high, erect, a little branched. Leaves
opposite, fleshy, more or less irregularly impari-pinnate, or
ovate, toothed or serrated, and often of a glaucous hue. Flowers
disposed in loose cymose terminal panicles, yellow, or rufescent,
rarely white, scentless. This is a very natural genus.
* Leaves pinnat fid.
1 K. ceratophy'lla (Haw. rev. p. 23. phil. mag. 1. c.) leaves
pedately bipinnatifid, deeply and broadly toothed, pale green ;
stem branched. Tj . D. S. Native of China. Flowers yellow.
Braan. icon. chin. t. 9.
Horn-leaved Kalanchoe. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
2 K. lacinia'ta (Haw. syn. p. 111.) leaves simply pinnatifid,
glaucous ; segments deeply and broadly toothed. 1? . D. S.
Native of Java, Moluccas, and Mauritius; and of Egypt. D.C.
pi. grass, t. 100. Planta anatis, Rumph. amb. 5. t. 95. Coty-
ledon laciniata, Lin. spec. 1. p. 615. — Weinm. phyt. t. 435.
Flowers yellow.
Jagged-Xeaved Kalanchoe. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1781. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
* * Leaves simple ; but in K. varians some of them are tri-
cuspidate.
3 K. va'rians (Haw. in phil. mag. 1829. p. 302.) smooth,
glaucous ; leaves oval, broadly toothed : upper ones sometimes
tricuspidate. . D. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers
yellow, sometimes 5-cleft.
Varying Kalanchoe. FI. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet.
4 K. crena'ta (Haw. syn. p. 109.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
broadly toothed, crenated : crenae usually double. \ . D. S.
Native of Sierra Leone. Kalanchoe Verea, Pers. ench. 1. p.
446. Vereia cren&ta, Kennedy in Andr. bot. rep. 1. t. 21.
Cotyledon crenata, Sims, in bot. mag. 1436. Vent. malm. t. 49.
Cotyledon Verea, Jacq. seboenbr. t. 435. — Pluk. aim. t. 228. f.
3. Flowers yellow.
Crenated- leaved Kalanchoe. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1793. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
5 K. acutiflora (Haw. syn. p. 109.) leaves broad-lanceolate,
crenated, glabrous, thick ; segments of attenuated corolla acute.
J? . D. S. Native of the East Indies. Vereia acutiflora, Ken-
nedy in Andr. bot. rep. t. 560. Flowers whitish.
Acute-flowered Kalanchoe. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1806. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
6 K. lanceola'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 395.) leaves lanceo-
late, crenated at the apex ; stem, peduncles, calyxes, and corol-
las, villous ; cymes panicled. 1? . D. G. Native of Arabia.
Cotyledon lanceolata, Forsk. desc. p. 89. Flowers said to be
reddish yellow, that is, probably brownish.
Lanceolate- leaved Kalanchoe. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
7 K. Brasilie'nsis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 196.) puberulous ;
lower leaves roundish : middle ones obovate-lanceolate : upper
ones linear ; all crenately serrated ; cymes dense ; lobes of co-
rolla very acute. Tj . D. S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Ja-
neiro by the sea side. Corolla with a yellow tube, and a rose-
coloured limb. This plant seems to be an exception from the
exciting and acrid properties peculiar to the rest of Crassulacece ,
it being used by the Brazilians in their domestic medicine.
Brazilian Kalanchoe. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
8 K. alte'rnans (D. C. prod. 3. p. 395.) leaves roundish-
spatulate, quite entire ; panicles glabrous. . D. G. Native
of Arabia, on mountains. Cotyledon alternans, Vahl. symb. 2.
p. 51. but not of Haw. Cotyledon orbiculata, Forsk. cat. arab.
p. 112. Segments of corolla reddish yellow, that is, probably
brown.
Alternating Kalanchoe. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
9 K. rotundifolia (Haw. in phil. mag. July, 1825. p. 31.)
plant straight and slender ; leaves thick : lower ones roundish :
upper ones obovate, and almost entire ; flowers small. Ij . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers rufescent or yellow.
Round-leaved Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
10 K. TEgypti'aca (D. C. pi. grass, t. 64. prod. 3. p. 395.)
leaves obovate-spatulate, crenated : lower ones obtuse, and rather
concave : upper ones acute ; cyme a crowded panicle. \ . D.
G. Native of Egypt, on Mount Melhan. Cotyledon integra,
Medik. comm. pal. 3. p. 200. t. 9. Cotyledon nudicaulis, Vahl.
symb. 2. p. 59. Cotyledon deficiens, Forsk. descr. p. 89.
Flowers orange-coloured.
Egyptian Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
11 K. spatula'ta (D. C. pi. grass, t. 65.) leaves obovately-
spatulate, crenated, glabrous : lower ones obtuse : upper ones
acute ; cymes panicled, loose. . D. G. Native of China.
Cotyledon hybrida, Hort. par. Cotyledon spatulata, Poir. suppl.
2. p. 373. Flowers yellow.
SpalulateAeaved Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species of Kalanchoe being succulent, require very
little water unless when growing freely ; and the pots in which
they are grown ought to be well drained with sherds. A mix-
ture of loam and sand appears to be the best soil for them. The
species are easily increased by cuttings. A leaf taken off any
CRASSULACEiE. XIII. Bryophyllum. XIV. Cotyledon.
of the species, and laid on the pot of mould, or on a tan-bed,
will shoot out young plants from the notches on the edges of the
leaf.
XIII. BRYOPHY'LLUM (from f3pv w, bryo, to sprout, and
< pvWov , phyllon, a leaf; plants spring from the notches on the
edges of the leaves when taken off the plant, and placed in a moist
situation). Salisb. par. 3. D. C. prod. 3. p. 395. — Crassouvia,
Comm. mss. — Physocalycium, Vest, in fl. 1820. p. 409. — Coty-
ledon species, Lam. — Calanchoe species, Pers.
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Tetragynia. Calyx inflated, bladdery
before flowering, hardly 4-cleft to the middle ; lobes 4, valvate.
Corolla gamopetalous, hypogynous, having a long cylindrical
tube, which is bluntly tetragonal at the base ; and the lobes of
the limb triangular and acute. Stamens 8, adnate to the base of
the tube. Glands 4, oblong. — A fleshy, erect, branched, gla-
brous shrub. Leaves opposite, thick, petiolate ; some impari-pin-
nate, with one or 2 pairs of segments, the terminal segment large ;
others solitary, all ovate and crenated ; crenae bearing an
opaque dot in each, which is easily made to evolve into a plant.
Cymes panicled, terminal. Flowers yellowish red, or green and
red. Calyx almost like that of Silene in flat a.
1 B. calycinum (Salisb. 1. c.) J? . D. S. Native of the Mo-
luccas and the Mauritius. Sims, bot. mag. 1409. herb. amat. t.
317. Crassouvia floripendula, Comm. mss. Cotyledon pinnkta,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 141. Calanchoe pinnata, Pers. ench. 1. p.
446. Cotyledon calyculata, Soland. in herb. Banks. Coty-
ledon rehizophylla, Roxb. Cotyledon calycina, Roth, nov.
spec. 217.
Large-calyxed Bryophyllum. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1806.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. See Kalanchoe above for culture and propagation.
XIV. COTYLE'DON (from corvXy, Jcotyle, a cavity ; cup-
like leaves of some species). D.C. bull. phil. 1801. no. 49. p. 1.
prod. 3. p. 396. mem. eras. t. 1. f. 7. Cotyledones Capenses,
Lin. Burm. Haw, & c.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Pentagijnia. Calyx 5-parted, much
shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla gamopetalous ;
tube ovate-cylindrical ; limb 5-lobed, spreadingly reflexed or
revolute ; lobes obtuse. Stamens 10, adnate to the base of the
tube of the corolla : the upper part free, exserted or almost in-
closed. Scales oval. Carpels 5, continuous, with the styles,
which are subulate. — Fleshy shrubs, native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Leaves usually scattered. Flowers loose, panicled, pur-
plish or orange-coloured. This genus has been divided into
sections from the form of the corolla by the Prince Salm-Dyck,
but the corolla being unknown in a great many of the species we
cannot follow these divisions.
* Leaves opposite.
1 C. undula'ta (Haw. suppl. 20. rev. 20.) leaves opposite,
rhomboid-ovate, with an acumen, pale green: older ones large and
very thick, margined with red at the apex : when young lean and
waved. ^ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
unknown. Very similar to C. orbiculata, but the stem is more
humble, and the leaves longer, and less obtuse at the apex. Salm-
Dyck. in litt.
Undulated-leaved Cotyledon. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft.
2 C. orbicula'ta (Lin. spec. 614.) leaves opposite, flat,
obovately-spatulate, obtuse, with an acumen, glaucous, and
mealy, margined with red ; flowers panicled ; caudex erect,
branched. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
D.C. pi. grass, no. 76. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 108.
Flowers reddish.
Far. a, rotundifolia (D.C. prod. 3. p. 396.) leaves roundish.
109
— C. orbiculata, Haw. succ. syn. p. 105. C. orbiculata y, ro-
tunda, D. C. 1. c.
Far. /3, obovata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate, margined with
red — C. ovata, Haw. 1. c. C. orbiculata var. a, D. C. pi. grass,
t. 76. Curt. bot. mag. t. 321. — Mor. oxon. sect- 12. t. 7. f. 39.
Herm. lugd. bat. 551. with a figure.
Far. y, oblonga (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong. — C. oblonga, Haw.
1. c. C. orbiculata (3, Ait. 1. c.
Far. <5, elata (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves orbicularly obovate,
white, and mealy ; stem tall, firm, a little branched. C. eltlta,
Haw. suppl. p. 20.
Far. e, ramosa (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves ovate-spatulate,
white, and mealy ; caudex much branched ; branches effuse. C.
ramosa, Haw. suppl. p. 20. C. ramosissima, Mill. diet. C.
orbiculata y, Ait. hort. kew.
Orbicular- leaved Cotyledon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1798.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
3 C. crassifolia (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p. 272.) stem
erect, shrubby ; plant white from mealiness ; leaves rhomboid,
obcuneated, thick. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Leaves distant, decussately opposite, edged with brown-
ish purple on the margin above the middle. Flowers not seen.
Thick-leaved Cotyledon. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1^ to 3 feet.
4 C. vi'ridis (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p. 272.) stem shrubby,
erect, nearly simple ; leaves obovate-cuneated, green. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves middle-sized, lean.
In habit it follows C. crassifolia.
Green Cotyledon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
5 C. ramosi'ssima (Haw. suppl. p. 25.) leaves oblong-spatu-
late, farinose, margined with red at the apex ; caudex much
branched ; young branchlets erect : old ones twisted, and
crowded. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C.
paniculata, Lin. fill, suppl. Flowers unknown. Leaves not half
the size of those of the smallest variety of C. orbiculata, hardly
15 lines long, and 9 lines broad.
Most-branched Cotyledon. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1816. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
6 C. coru'scans (Haw. suppl. p. 21.) leaves decussate, aggre-
gate, cuneate-oblong, channelled, with thickened margins, api-
culated, covered with white mealiness ; flowers pendulous, dis-
posed in umbellate panicles. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. 2601. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1030.
C. canalifolia, Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. July, p. 33. Flowers
orange-coloured like those of C. orbiculata, but paler and rather
longer.
Glittering Cotyledon. Fl. June. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
7 C. ungula'ta (Lam. diet. 2. p. 139.) leaves opposite, semi-
cylindrical, channelled, glabrous, purple, and furnished with a
callous point at the margin near the apex ; flowers in a kind
of panicle, glabrous ; caudex erect. ^ . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. dec. 3. p. 24. t. 22. f. 1.
Flowers purplish, pendulous. Very like C. orbiculata.
C/aw-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
8 C. papilla' ris (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves opposite,
terete-ovate, fleshy, glabrous, acute, erect ; flowers in panicles,
glabrous ; caudex decumbent, clothed with fine villi. . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. suppl. p. 21. Thunb.
fl. cap. p. 397. C. decussata, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2518. Lindl.
bot. reg. t. 915. Corolla red, unguicular, with a somewhat pen-
tagonal tube, and oblong acute reflexed lobes. Leaves as in C.
coruscans, and C. ungulata, truncate at the apex, and with a
marginal claw or point.
Papillose Cotyledon. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1819. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
9 C. tricuspida'ta (Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. July, p. 32.)
plant white from mealiness ; leaves narrow, usually deeply tri-
cuspidate. I? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
110
CRASSULACE./E. XIV. Cotyledon.
Very like C. papillaris, but differs in the leaves being tricus-
pidate.
TricuspidateAeaved Cotyledon. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 foot.
10 C. purpu'rea (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 396.) leaves opposite,
linear-oblong, fleshy, concave, glabrous ; flowers panicled, gla-
brous; caudex erect, nearly herbaceous. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla purple, an inch long.
PM»y;/e-flowered Cotyledon. Shrub 1 foot.
11 C. teretifolia (Thunb. prod. p. 83. fl. cap. p. 397. but
not of Lam.) leaves opposite, nearly terete, fleshy, hairy, obtuse,
with an acumen ; flowers panicled, hairy ; caudex erect, simple.
I? . I). G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Terete-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub 1 foot.
12 C. cuneifo'rmis (Haw. in phil. mag. March, 1828. p. 185.)
stems short, branched ; leaves crowded, obovate, mucronate,
rather white from mealiness. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Like C. crassifolia, but much more humble.
Wedge-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub 1 foot.
* * Leaves alternate, marcescent.
13 C. curvifl6ra (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2044.) leaves scat-
tered, semicylindrical, glabrous; cicatrices of the stem, where
the old leaves have fallen off, rather prominent ; flowers pani-
cled, nodding ; calyxes loose ; tube of corolla pentagonal, in-
curved. fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
of a dirty yellow-colour, almost reddish, about an inch long.
Styles longer than the stamens.
Curve-flowered Cotyledon. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
14 C. tuberculosa (Lam. diet. 2. p. 139.) leaves scattered,
subcylindrical, linear-oblong, acute ; cicatrices of the old leaves
tubercular ; flowers subpanicled, erect ; peduncles and calyxes
pubescent. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
— Burm. afr. t. 20. f. 1. C. grandiflora, N. L. Burm. prod. fl.
cap. 13. C. tuberculosa, D. C. pi. grass. 1. t. 86. Flowers
showy, orange-coloured, tubular, an inch or more long ; limb
spreading, not replicate.
Tubercular Cotyledon. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
15 C. cacalioides (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves scattered,
terete, acute ; cicatrices of the old leaves pitted ; flowers pa-
nicled, erect, seated on a long, elongated, nearly naked stem.
12 . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. t.
20. f. 2. Flowers yellow, rather villous, half an inch long. Leaves
deciduous when the plant is in flower ; hence Burmann called it
C. aphylla.
Cacalia-like Cotyledon. Fl. May. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 foot.
16 C. ventricosa (N. L. Burm. prod. fl. cap. p. 13.) leaves
scattered, linear-oblong, acute at both ends ; cicatrices on old
stems tubercular ; flowers in loose racemes, pedicellate, erect ;
tube ventricose, pentagonal ; lobes acute. . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. dec. 3. p. 51. t. 21. f. 1.
Flowers greenish, almost like those of C. hemisphee' rica. Leaves
like those of C. tuberculosa, according to Burm.
Ventricose-doxvered Cotyledon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
17 C. spu'ria (Lin. spec. p. 614.? exclusive of the syno-
nymes,) leaves almost radical, terete, oblong, fleshy, obtuse, nar-
rower at the base ; caudex very short, thick ; flowering stem
erect, naked ; flowers somewhat panicled. fj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 43. t. 19. f. 1. Pluk.
aim. t. 323. f. 1. — Willd. spec. 2. p. 754. C. teretifolia, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 139. but not of Thunb.
Spurious Cotyledon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Shrub 1 ft.
18 C. fascicula'ris (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 106.)
leaves scattered, but in fascicles at the tops of the branches,
cuneiform, obtuse, flat, thick ; caudex thickened, branched ;
flowers panicled, pendulous, with revolute limbs. Tj* D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 41. t. 18.
C. paniculata, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 396. ex Burm. syn. C. tardi-
flora, Bonpl. nav. t. 37. Corolla with a short, greenish, broad,
subpentagonal tube, and a reddish revolute limb.
Fascicled-d owered Cotyledon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1759.
Shrub 1 foot.
* * * Leaves alternate, permanent.
19 C. triflora (Thunb. prod. p. 83. fl. cap. p. 396.) leaves
scattered, oblong-spatulate, obtuse, fleshy, of a greyish shining
colour ; flowers by threes, in spikes, approximate, with repli-
cate limbs ; stem suffrutescent. J? . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, near Zehorivier. Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 6. 6.
elata, Haw. suppl. Corolla with a green tube, and an acute
limb, variegated with white and purple.
Three-flowered Cotyledon. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
20 C. macula'ta (Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 5.) leaves scattered,
ovate-spatulate, somewhat auriculated at the base, fleshy, shin-
ing, marked with dark red spots on both surfaces ; flowers spi-
cate, almost alternate : limb spreading ; stem suffruticose. .
D. G. Native country unknown. C. alternans, Haw. suppl. ex
Salm-Dyck. but not of Vahl. Spike terminal, generally simple.
Tube of corolla green, subventricose, with the segments of the
limb acute, variegated with white and purple.
Spotted-Xeaxed Cotyledon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 ft.
21 C. rhombifolia (Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. July, p. 33.)
leaves approximate, obovate-rhomboid, mucronate, white and
mealy ; stem branched, strong, decumbent. T? . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to C. hemisphee' rica, but
more humble and branched, and the leaves are rhomboid, and
more acuminated. Flowers unknown.
Rhomb-leaved Cotyledon. Clt. 1823. Shrub decumbent.
22 C. jasminiflora (Salm-Dyck, obs. Haw. rev. p. 20.)
leaves rather crowded, green, rhomboid-spatulate, fleshy ; stem
humble ; peduncle terminal, branched ; flowers erect, with a
green tube, and a revolute limb, variegated with white and pur-
ple ; pedicels long, thickened. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Allied to C. hemisphee' rica, but the stems are
more humble, thickened from the root ; the leaves longer, and
the flowers with the tube and limb more ample, and more like a
jasmine flower. Salm-Dyck in litt.
Jasmine-flowered Cotyledon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh.
1 foot.
23 C. hemispfle'rica (Lin. spec. p. 614.) leaves scattered,
ovate-roundish, thick, dotted, glabrous ; flowers nearly sessile,
erect, along an elongated peduncle ; lobes of corolla spreading,
b . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. 2. t.
95. f. 111. C. hemisphaeTica, D. C. pi. grass. 1. 1. 87. Flowers
small, with a green tube, and the limb variegated with white and
purple.
Hemispherical Cotyledon. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1731. Sh. 1 ft.
24 C. rotundifolia (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p. 273.)
shrubby, dwarf ; leaves straight, crowded, roundish, dirty green ;
branches short, decumbent. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves flat, convex beneath, mealy. Allied to
C. hemisphee' rica.
Round-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub decumbent.
25 C. mamilla ris (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves scattered,
crowded into something like whorles, terete, ovate, obtuse, gla-
brous ; flowers spreading on short pedicels, which are seated on
an elongated peduncle; stem creeping. T? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, near Olyfants Bad. Thunb. fl. cap. p.
397. Haw. rev. p. 21. suppl. 22. Corolla tubular, glabrous,
with a green tube, and a spreadingly reflexed limb, which is
variegated with white and purple.
CRASSULACE.ZE. XIV. Cotyledon. XV. Pistorinia. XVI. Umbilicus.
Ill
Mamillary Cotyledon. FI. June, July. Clt. 1818. Sh. cr.
26 C. cunea'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 395.) leaves radical, cu-
neated, fleshy, hairy, with purple margins ; stem erect, some-
what herbaceous, pubescent, viscid ; corolla hairy. T? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Cuneated- leaved Cotyledon. Fl. May. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft.
27 C. interje'cta (Haw. in phil. mag. March, 1828, p. 185.)
leaves glaucescent, narrow- oblong, acute, incurved, channelled ;
stem short, strong. Pj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Very like C. spuria, but differs in being higher, in the
leaves being shorter, thicker, and narrower, more channelled,
and without doubt incurved.
Cast Cotyledon. Clt. 1823. Shrub J foot.
28 C. caryophylla'cea (N. L. Burm. prod. fl. cap. 13.)
leaves aggregate, ovate, thick, flat, glaucous ; flowers panicled,
on long erect pedicels ; stem branched. P? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. dec. 2. p. 39. t. 17.
Corolla tubular, form of the bud of a clove ; lobes spreading,
ovate, acute, flesh-coloured, with a red line. Very like C. he-
misphere'rica, but differs in the flowers being distinctly pedi-
cellate.
Clove-like Cotyledon. Stem 1 foot.
29 C. mucrona'ta (Lam. diet. 2. p. 142.) leaves nearly radi-
cal, oval, flat, with undulated margins, mucronate at the apex ;
stem branched, very short ; floriferous stem naked ; flowers
erect, in loose panicles. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 44. t. 19. f. 2. C. undulata, Haw.
Lobes of corolla acute.
il/ucronafe-leaved Cotyledon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Shrub -§• foot.
•J- Species not sufficiently known.
30 C. reticula' ta (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 393.) leaves scattered
at the tops of the branches, terete, acute, erect, soft, glabrous ;
stem erect, shrubby, fleshy ; flowers erect, in dichotomous pa-
nicles. Pj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, inCarro.
Caudex a hand high. Panicle decompound.
Reticulated Cotyledon. Shrub § foot.
31 C. dicho/toma (Haw. suppl. 27. ex rev. 22.) leaves chan-
nelled ; cymes dichotomous, puberulous, bracteated by spines ;
tube of corolla somewhat bottle-formed, with a replicate limb.
Pj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Dichotomous Cotyledon. Shrub ^ to 1 foot.
32 C. pa'rvula (Burch, cat. geogr. no. 1818. ex voy. cap. 1.
p. 219.) leaves oval, rather compressed, thick; panicle dichoto-
mously branched ; pedicels erect, very long, capillary ; stem
erect. P? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant
6-9 inches high.
Small Cotyledon. PI. \ to 1 foot.
33 C. trigyna (Burch, trav. afr. 2. p. 226.) stemless ; leaves
glabrous, flattened, fleshy, cuneate-oval or nearly orbicular ;
flowers erect, alternate on an elongated simple scape, rarely*on a
bifid one. Pj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Co-
rolla cylindrical, purplish, with a short reflexed limb, and a pur-
ple throat. Carpels 3.
Trigynous Cotyledon. PI. \ to 1 foot.
34 C. crista'ta (Haw. phil. mag. 1827, April 1, p. 123.)
leaves petiolate, cuneately triangular, curled and crested at the
apex. P? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herb
succulent, leafy, evergreen. Stem short, with the surculi densely
clothed with rufous hairs. Leaves erect, an inch long, thick,
purplish at the apex, beset with dots of scurfy down. Spikes
terminal. Flowers small, open in the morning.
Crested Cotyledon. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. i foot.
35 C. clavifolia (Haw. 1. c.) leaves petiolate, club-formed,
incurved, acuminated, and rather curled at the apex. Pj . D. G.
8
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to the preceding
species ; but the flowers are about twice the size, and purple.
Club-leaved Cotyledon. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. foot.
Cult. Cotyledon is a genus of pretty succulent plants. The
culture, propagation, and management of the species are the same
as that for Globulea, p. 106.
XV. PISTORI'NIA (meaning unknown to us). D. C. prod. 3.
p. 399. mem. crass, p. 25. t. 10. f. 5. — Cotyledon species of
authors.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, much
shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla gamopetalous,
funnel-shaped ; tube long, terete ; limb spreading, 5-parted.
Stamens 10, adnate the whole length of the tube, but free at
the throat, and exserted. Scales 5, oblong, obtuse. Carpels 5,
each ending in a long filiform style. — Erect annual or biennial
herbs. Leaves nearly terete, oblong, scattered, sessile. Flowers
cymose, red. Habit of the plants belonging to that section of Um-
bilicus called Mucizonia , and the flowers like those of Cotyledon.
1 P. Hispa'nica (D. C. prod. 3. p. 399.) ©.or $ . H. Na-
tive of Spain and Barbary, in exposed sandy places. Cotyledon
Hispanica, Lcefl. itin. p. 77. t. 1. Lin. spec. 615. D. C. pi.
grass, t. 122. Cotyledon Pistorinia, Ort. mon. 1772. with a
figure.
Spanish Pistorinia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1796. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in any dry situation in a light soil in the
open border, or on rock-work.
XVI. UMBILI'CUS (from umbilicus, the navel; hollow leaves
of some species). D.C. in bull. phil. 1801. no. 49. prod. 3. p. 399.
Lin. syst. Dcc&ndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla gamopetalous, campanulate, 5-cleft ; lobes ovate, acute,
erect, about the length of the tube. Stamens 10, inserted in the
corolla. Scales 5, obtuse. Carpels 5, attenuated at the apex.
Styles subulate. — Herbs, indigenous to the south of Europe and
the Levant. Leaves rosulate or alternate, quite entire, or a little
toothed. Flowers white or yellow, in branched or simple termi-
nal racemes, never in cymes.
Sect. I. Rosula'ria (from rosa, a rose ; in reference to the
leaves being rosulate, or disposed like the petals in the flower of
a rose). D. C. prod. 3. p. 399. Sepals equal to the tube of
the corolla. Leaves radical, rosulate. Scapes subpanicled, an-
nual.— Perennial herbs, natives of the Levant, with the habit of
Sempervivum.
1 U. Libano'ticus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 399.) leaves radical, ro-
sulate, cuneated, thickish, papillose ; scape naked ; panicle race-
mose, loose. 7/ . H. Native of Mount Libanon, and near Da-
mascus. Cotyledon Libanotica, Labill. syr. dec. 3. p. 3. t. 1.
Flowers yellow?
Libanon Navel-wort. PI. \ foot.
2 U. sempervivum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves radical, rosulate,
crowded, cuneated, ciliately scabrous ; scape naked ; panicle
racemose, loose. 1(1. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, among
stones on the mountains. Cotyledon sempervivum, Bieb. casp.
p. 176. append, no. 46. ann. bot. 2. p. 444. fl. taur. 1. p. 351.
Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the preceding species.
Houseleek-like Navel- wort. PI. \ foot.
3 U. pube'scens (Meyer in verz. pflanz. p. 150. under Coty-
ledon,) plant pubescent ; leaves linear-oblong, bluntish : radical
ones rosulate, cauline ones scattered, erectly spreading ; racemes
corymbose ; corolla twice the length of the calyx, with the seg-
ments of the limb acute and spreading at the apex ; stem herba-
ceous, simple. % . H. Native of Caucasus, among rocks in
shady places on the mountains of Talush, at the altitude of 1200
to 2700 feet. Sedum pildsum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 352. Flowers
reddish.
112
CRASSULACEiE. XVI. Umbilicus.
Pubescent Navel-wort. PI. foot.
4 U. Sa'mius (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves narrow, spatulate-
lanceolate, long, fleshy ; cauline leaves sessile, linear ; stem sim-
ple, glabrous, leafy; flowers racemose, pedicellate, usually twin.
l/.H. Native of the Island of Samos, among high naked rocks,
and of Palestine. Sedum Libanoticum, Lin. spec. 617. Coty-
ledon Samium, B’Urv. enum. arch. p. 50. no. 402. Flowers
yellow ?
Samos Navel-wort. PI. foot.
Sect. II. Mucizonia (meaning unknown to us). D. C.prod.
3. p. 399. Cauline leaves alternate. Annual herbs, with the
habit of Sedum.
5 U. hi'spidus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 399.) stems diffuse, erect,
pubescent ; leaves glabrous, oblong, terete ; racemes terminal,
leafy, clothed with clammy villi. ©. H. Native of Spain,
Barbary, and Teneriffe, on the mountains. Cotyledon Mucizonia,
Ort. mon. 1772. with a figure. Jacq. coll. 5. p. 112. t. 13.
f. 2. Cotyledon viscosa, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 51. Cotyledon
hispida, Lam. diet. 2. p. 141. Desf. atl. 1. p. 359. Flowering
branches opposite the flowers. Flowers white or dirty reddish.
Hispid Navel- wort. PI. ^ to ^ foot.
6 U. sedioides (D. C. prod. 3. p. 400. mem. crass, pi. 4. f. B.)
stems rooting a little, glabrous ; leaves oblong, convex, obtuse,
glabrous ; flowers few, at the tops of the stems, almost sessile.
©. FI. Native of the higher Pyrenees, particularly on the
eastern side. Cotyledon sedioides, D. C. rap. 1808. p. 78. fl. fr.
suppl. p. 521. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 373. Cotyledon sediformis,
Lapeyr. Flerb small, simple, or branched, almost with the ap-
pearance of Sedum atratum. Flowers large for the size of the
plant.
Stone -crop-like Navel-wort. PI. foot.
Sect. III. Coty'le (from k-owXjj, cotyle, a cavity ; in reference
to the cup-like leaves). D. C. prod. 3. p. 400. Umbilicus J.
and C. Bauh. Roots tuberous. Stems usually branched. Radi-
cal leaves petiolate, cucullate, more or less peltate. Corolla
hardly 5-cleft to the middle.
7 U. PENDULiNus (D. C. pi. grass, t. 156.) lower leaves pel-
tate, concave, repandly crenated, roundish ; bracteas entire ;
flowers tubular, pendulous, or spreading. ]!/. H. Native of
Europe, among stones and rocks, on walls and under hedges ;
in Britain, on moist dripping rocks and old walls. Cotyledon
Umbilicus, Lin. spec. 615. var. a. Sow. engl. bot. t. 325.
Cotyledon umbilicata, Lam. C. rupestris, Saiisb. Cotyledon
Umbilicus veneris, Blackw. herb. t. 263. Root tuberous. Flower-
bearing stem branched ; with its branches bearing racemes.
Flowers yellow.
Var. (5, peltdtus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 400.) raceme simple.
1£. H. Cotyledon peltatum, Wendl. obs. p. 49. Hardly dis-
tinct from the species.
Drooping or Common Navel-wort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Brit. PI. -§■ ft.
8 U. ere'ctus (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 384. exclusive of the
country) lower leaves peltate, dentately crenated, roundish ;
bracteas a little toothed; flowers erect. H. Native of
England, on moist walls and rocks, but rare, particularly in the
West Riding of Yorkshire ; and of Portugal. Dodart. pempt. p.
73. with a figure. Cotyledon Umbilicus, Lin. spec. 615. Co-
tyledon lutea, Huds. angl. p. 194. Smith, engl. bot. 1522.
Cotyledon Lusitanica, Lam. diet. 2. p. 140. Root fleshy, creep-
ing. Flowers yellow, larger than those of the first species.
Erect Navel-wort. Fl. June, Jul. Brit. PI. foot.
9 U. rarviflorus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 400.) lower leaves pe-
tiolate, cucullate, orbicular, rather repand : upper ones ovate ;
flowers sub-campanulate, in dense racemes. H. Native
of Candia, on the sphaceotic mountains. Cotyledon parviflora,
Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 445. Desf. cor. Tourn. 75. t. 57.
C. Cretica tuberosa radice flore luteo parvo. Tourn. cor. 2.
Flowers yellow, smaller than those of C. pendulinus. Racemes
branched, cylindrical, dense-flowered. Leaves lined with red.
Small-fiomered Navel-wort. PI. \ foot.
10 U. horizonta'lis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 400.) stem nearly
simple ; lower leaves peltate, concave, repandly crenated,
roundish ; bracteas entire, linear-setaceous, longer than the
peduncles ; corolla at first erect, but at length becoming hori-
zontal, with acuminated segments. 1/ . H. Native of Sicily
and Naples, among stones and on walls. Cotyledon horizon-
talis, Guss. ind. sem. liort. pan. 1826. p. 4. Ten. fl. neap. app.
5. p. 13. Flowers yellow. Differs from U. pendulinus in the
flowers being nearly sessile, and horizontal, not drooping.
H jrizontal-d owered Navel-wort. PI. foot.
Sect. IV. Pistorinioides (plants intermediate between Pisto-
rinia and Umbilicus). Roots perennial, thick, woody. Leaves
terete, subulate. Stems numerous, erect, simple, fistular, densely
leafy, for the most part naked below, in consequence of the
leaves having fallen.
1 1 U. Lieve'nii ; glabrous ; stems herbaceous, erect, sim-
ple ; leaves scattered, crowded, nearly terete, bluntish ; flowers
cymose ; limb of corolla erect. 1£. H. Native of Altaia, be-
tween the river Irtysch and Lake Noor-Saisan, in dry saltish
fields ; in fields on the mountain of Kurtchum, Arkaul, and at
the rivulet called Urmichaika, near Buchtorminsk. Cotyledon
Lievenii, Led. fl. ross. alt. t. 57. fl. alt. 2. p. 197. Corolla fine
red. Carpels 5-6.
Lieven’s Navel-wort. Fl. May. PI. § to ^ foot.
12 U. subula'ta ; plant quite smooth, glaucescent ; leaves
all scattered, terete, subulate, acute, erectly spreading ; racemes
corymbose ; corolla twice the length of the calyx, with the seg-
ments of the limb acute and erect ; stem herbaceous, very
simple. % . H. Native of Caucasus, among stones, on the
mountains of Talusch, at the altitude of 2700 to 3300 feet.
Cotyledon subulata, Meyer, in verz. pflanz. p. 150. Very nearly
allied to U. Lievenii, but the leaves are acute and erectly
spreading, and the corolla is white, twice the length of the
calyx, not rose-coloured, and 4 times longer than the calyx.
SubulateAeaved Navel-wort. PI. | foot.
Sect. V. Oro'staciiys (from opoe, horos, the ends, and
ara^vc, stachys, a spike; the spike of flowers terminate the
scapes). D. C. prod. 3. p. 400. Orostachys, Fisch. cat. gor.
1808. p. 99. Roots not tuberous. Stems simple. Leaves not
peltate nor cucullate ; radical ones rosulate. Corolla 5-parted.
13 U. serra'tus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, cartilaginously
crenated ; stems subspicate ; peduncles 2-3-flowered ; root
fibrous. . ? H. Native of Candia (Dill.) and of Galicia, on
old walls. Bess, append, fl. gall. p. 352. — Dill, liort. elth. 1. t.
95. f. 112. Cotyledon serratus, Lin. spec. p. 615. Smith, fl.
graec. t. 444. Flowers variegated with white and red. Habit of
Saxifraga linguldris.
SerratedAeaved Navel-wort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1732. PI. ft.
14 U. spinosus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, pointed by a spine
at the apex, quite entire : radical ones rosulate, spatulate, con-
vex beneath towards the apex : cauline leaves lanceolate, flat ;
corolla twice the length of the calyx ; peduncles all 1 -flowered ;
anthers of one colour ; stems spicate, very simple. $ . FI.
Native of Siberia, China, and Japan. Cotyledon spinosa, Lin.
spec. 615. Sedum spinosum, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 186. — Murr.
comm, geett. 7. p. 33. t. 5. Crassula spinosa, Lin. mant. 388.
Gmel. sib. 4. t. 67. f. 2. Orostachys chlorantha, Fisch. in mem.
soc. descr. nat. mosc. 2. p. 274. Sedum, &c. Amm. ruth,
p. 73. no. 95. Sempervivum cuspidatum, Haw. misc. 186. syn.
p. 170. rev. p. 68. — Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 173. no. 87. and 68. f. 2.
CRASSULACEiE. XVI. Umbilicus. XVII. Echeveria. XVIII. Sedum.
113
Flowers yellow, 5-parted, on short pedicels, collected into a
cylindrical spike.
Var. /3, polystachyus (Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 200.) spikes numerous,
rising from the axils of the radical or cauline leaves, somewhat
fastigiate.
Spiny Navel-wort. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 foot.
15 U. malachophy'llus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 400.) leaves lan-
ceolate, acutish, unarmed, quite entire ; radical ones rosulate
before flowering; stem spicate, simple. $. H. Native of
Dahuria, among mountain rocks. Cotyledon malachophylla,
Pall. itin. 3. append, t. O. f. 1. ed. gall. 8vo 8. p. 312. t. 70.
f. 1. Orostachys malachophylla, Fiscli. cat. gor. Flowers
white, 5-parted, crowded into a dense cylindrical spike.
Soft-leaved Navel- wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. PI. ft.
16 U. thyrsiflorus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, quite entire,
ending each in a soft spine ; radical ones rosulate ; stem spicate,
simple. $ . H. Native of the mountains of Siberia, at Aga.
Sedum cotyledonis facie floribus carneis, Amm. ruth. p. 72.
no. 94. Orostachys thyrsiflora, Fisch. cat. gor. Flowers
white and flesh-coloured (ex Fisch), 5-parted. Allied to U.
malachophyllus.
Thyrse-flowered Navel-wort. PI. -y to foot.
17 U. leuca'ntha ; leaves terminated by a spine; radical
ones rosulate, spatulate, convex beneath towards the apex : cau-
line ones teretely trigonal ; corolla thrice the length of the calyx :
peduncles all 1 -flowered ; anthers discoloured. $ . H. Native
of Altaia, in very sterile fields in the Soongarian desert, between
the mountains of Arkat and Kar-karaly ; and among stones in
the tract of the river Katunja. Root fusiform, or a little
branched. Corolla white. Cotyledon leucantha, Led. fl. ross.
atl. ill. t. 395. fl. atl. 2. p. 198.
White-flowered Navel- wort. Fl. Aug. PI. \ to \ foot.
Cult. The hardy perennial species of this genus thrive W'ell
on rock-work, or on old vralls; they will also grow freely in
pots, in a soil composed of loam, peat, and sand, which should
be placed among other alpine plants ; these are propagated by
offsets from the roots or by seeds. The seeds of annual and
biennial kinds should be sown on rock- work, or in the open
border, in a sandy or gravelly soil.
XVII. ECHEVE'RIA (this genus is named after M. Eche-
veri, author of the fine drawings of the Flora Mexicana, com-
menced under the direction of MM. Sesse, Mocino, and Cer-
vantes). D. C. prod. 3. p. 401. mem. crass, p. 28. — Cotyledon
species of authors.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted ; sepals
erect, referrible to leaves, united at the very base (f. 27. a.).
Petals 5 (f. 27. 5.), also united at the base, erect, thick,
stiffish, thickest at the middle nerve, and nearly trigonal at
the base, acute. Stamens 10 (f. 27. c.), shorter than the petals,
and adnate to them at the base.
Scales 5, short, obtuse. Carpels
5, ending each in a subulate style.
— Fleshy shrubs, natives of Mex-
ico. Leaves alternate, cauline,
or rosulate, and nearly opposite,
nerveless. Flowers sessile, dis-
posed along the rachis or branches
of the cyme, scarlet or yellow.
* Shrubs. Flowers panicled
or spicate , scarlet.
1 E. gran difolia (Haw. in
phil. mag. sept. 1828. p. 261.)
leaves orbicularly cuneated ; pe-
tioles thick ; flowers in spicate
VOL. in.
panicles. F? . D. G. Native of Mexico Sweet, fl. gard. 275-
Lower leaves rosulate, all white or glaucous. Corolla of a
reddish orange-colour, with a tinge of purple. Stamens white.
Great-leaved Echeveria. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1828. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 E. gibbiflora (D. C. prod. 3. p. 401. mem. crass, p. 29.
t. 5.) leaves flat, cuneiform, acutely mucronate, crowded at the
tops of the branches ; panicle spreading ; flowers on short
pedicels along the branches of the panicle. \ . D. G. Native
of Mexico. Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ined. Petals gib-
bous at the base, between the lobes of the calyx, straight, acute,
white at the base, and rather scarlet at the apex.
Gibbous-flowered Echeveria. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1826. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
3 E. coccinea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 401.) plant soft, pubescent ;
leaves spatulately lanceolate; spikes of flowers axillary, elon-
gated, leafy, Tj . D. G. Native of Mexico. Cotyledon coc-
cinea, Cav. icon. 2. p. 54. t. 170. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 832.
Sedum spicatum, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Corolla
scarlet on the outside, and yellow on the inside, or paler. Sta-
mens yellowish.
iScar/ei-flowered Echeveria. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1816. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
4 E. racemosa (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnsea 2. p. 554.)
plant quite glabrous ; radical leaves thickish, elliptic, acute,
awnless, rosulate ; scapes simple, naked ; scales of scape alter-
nate, and bracteas scale-formed and caducous ; racemes spike-
formed and elongated ; flowers alternate, erect, on short pe-
dicels. 71. D. G. Native of Mexico, on walls at Jalapa.
Leaves an inch or 2 inches long. Flowers scarlet, and are in
every respect like those of E. coccinea, as well as every other
part of the plant ; but the sepals are shorter and mucronate,
not acuminated, and the petals are narrower.
Racemose-fi owered Echeveria. PI. \ to 1^ foot.
5 E. teretifolia (D. C. prod. 1. c. mem. crass, p. 29. pi. 1.
f. 1.) leaves terete, acute, scattered, almost loose at the base ;
spikes secund, few'-flowered. Fj . D. G. Native of Mexico.
Sedum teretifolium, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Very
nearly allied to E. coccinea.
Terete-leaved Echeveria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
6 E. lu'rida (Haw. in phil. mag. 1831. p. 416.) plant rather
tufted ; lower leaves lanceolate-cuneated, of a livid colour :
superior ones lanceolate ; flow-ers disposed in racemose spikes.
b> . D. G. Native of Mexico. Corolla as in E. grandifolia,
but more scarlet.
Lurid- leaved Echeveria. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1830. PI. 1 foot.
* * Plant sublierbaceous. Flowers subcymose, yellow.
7 E. casspitosa (D. C. prod. 3. p. 401.) leaves rosulate, nar-
row, tongue-formed, obcuneated at the apex, and rather mucro-
nate ; flou'ers cymose. 1£. D. G. Native of California.
Cotyledon cmspitosa, Haw. misc. p. 180. Coty. linguiformis,
Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 109. Sedum Cotyledon, Jacq. fil. eclog.
1. f. 17. Cotyl. reflexa, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24. Flowers
yellow.
Tufted Echeveria. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1796. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. Fine glaucous, succulent plants, which deserve to be
cultivated in every collection. Their culture, propagation, and
treatment are the same as that recommended for GIobulea,p. 106.
XVIII. SE'DUM (from sedeo, to sit ; manner of growth, upon
stones, rocks, walls, and roofs of houses). D. C. in bull. phil.
no. 49. mem. crass, t. 1. f. 1. Sedum and Rhodiola, Lin. spec.
— S&dum and Anacampseros, Tourn. Haw. — Anacampseros,
Adans. fam. 2. p. 248.
Lin. syst. Dectindria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 29. a.);
sepals ovate, usually turgid, leaf-formed. Petals 5 (f. 29. b.),
Q
FIG. 27.
114
CRASSULACEiE. XVIII. Sedum.
generally spreading. Stamens 10. Nectariferous scales entire, or
hardly emarginate. Carpels 5. — Herbs or subshrubs. Stems
usually branched from the base. Sterile stems or surculi usually
crowded with leaves. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, fleshy,
terete or flat, quite entire, rarely toothed. Flowers cymose, white,
purple, or blue, but usually yellow ; in some species the flowers
are 4 or 6-7-petalled, and the stamens always double that number.
* Leaves flat. Flowers yellow.
1 S. Rhodiola (D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 386. pi. grass,
t. 143.) leaves oblong, serrated at the apex, glabrous, glaucous ;
root rather tuberous ; stems simple ; flowers corymbose, usually
of 4 petals, octandrous, and dioecious from abortion. %. H.
Native of middle Europe, on the mountains ; of Siberia, and of
North America, on the Arctic Sea shore, and Islands ; of New-
foundland and Labrador ; and on the Rocky Mountains, Kot-
zebue’s Sound, &c. ; in Britain, in the north of England, Scot-
land, and Wales, on the mountains. Rhodiola rosea, Lin. spec.
1465. Smith, engl. bot. t. 508. fl. dan. t. 183. Plant glaucous.
The flowers are yellow, and are said to be sometimes hermaphro-
dite, but are usually of different sexes on different plants. The
root is sweetish when dried ; in this state a fragrant water may
be distilled from it. The inhabitants of the Farro Island use it as
a remedy for scurvy. In Greenland they eat it as garden stuff.
A cataplasm of the fresh roots, applied to the forehead, is said
to relieve the head-ache, and to heal malignant ulcers. The
specific name is from pobov, a rose ; in reference to the fragrance
of the roots.
Rhodiola or Common Rose-root. Fl. May, July. Brit. PI.
\ to foot.
2 S. Asia'ticum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 401.) leaves linear-lingu-
late, quite entire, obtuse ; umbels few-flowered ; calycine seg-
ments 4, oblong, obtuse ; flowers 4-petalled, hermaphrodite.
1/ . H. Native of Gosainsthan, in Nipaul. Rhodiola Asiatica,
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 213. Root fleshy ; caudex very thick,
3-4 inches long, turgid. Stems tufted, ascending. Leaves 1-2
lines long, glaucous. Flowers corymbose, octandrous, and te-
tragynous, of a golden yellow colour.
Asiatic Rose-root. PI. i foot.
3 S. elonga'tum (Led. fl. atl. 2. p. 193.) leaves scattered,
oblong, almost quite entire, glabrous, hardly glaucescent ; root
rather tuberous ; stems simple ; flowers in cymose corymbs ;
pedicels hardly exceeding the flowers in length ; nectariferous
scales 3 times longer than broad; carpels recurved. %. H.
Native of Altaia, in alpine humid places, on the edges of rivu-
lets. Plant glaucous. Flowers yellow ? hermaphrodite, but
sometimes dioecious or polygamous from abortion, as in S. Rho-
diola. Stamens 8 or 10.
Elongated Rose-root. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 foot.
4 S. Alta'icum ; leaves scattered, obovate -lanceolate, ser-
rated at the apex, glabrous, glaucous ; root rather tuberous ;
stems simple ; flowers in cymose corymbs ; pedicels shorter than
the flowers; nectariferous scales about as long as broad ; carpels
erect. 1/ . H. Native of Altaia and Siberia. S. Rhodiola,
Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 194. Rhodiola Sibirica, Hortul. Flowers
yellow, octandrous, dioecious or polygamous.
Altaian Rose-root. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1827. PI. foot.
5 S. Himale'nsis (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 212.) stem erect ;
leaves oval-lanceolate, flat, acute, toothed, glaucous, smooth ;
corymbs almost simple; root thick. If. H. Native of Go-
sainsthan, in the alpine regions of the Himalaya or Emodi.
Habit of S. Rhodiola. Flowers yellow.
Himalaya Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
6 S. aizo'on (Lin. spec. 617.) leaves lanceolate, flat, serrated,
alternate, glabrous ; stems erect ; cymes terminal, crowded.
1/ . H. Native of Siberia, in woods ; on shady rocks, at Lake
8
Teletzkoi. D. C. pi. grass, t. 101. — Amm. ruth. no. 96. t. 11.
Perhaps Anacampseros Aizoon, Haw. syn. p. 112.? Flowers
yellow, varying with from 4-6 petals and 8-12 stamens. Root
branched, fascicled, thickish.
Ever-living Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1757. PI. 1 ft.
7 S. hy'bridum (Lin. spec. 617.) leaves cuneiform, rather con-
cave, bluntly serrated, rather crowded, alternate, glabrous ; those
of the branches crowded ; stems ascending, rooting at the base ;
cymes terminal. % . H. Native of Altaia and Tartary, at the
bottom of the Ural mountains; on the upper Irtish. Murr.
nov. comm, goett. 6. p. 35. t. 5. — Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 171.
no. 851. t. 62. f. 1. Anacampseros hybrida, Haw. 1. c. Flowers
sulphur-coloured. This is not a hybrid, but a true species. S.
Altaica, Bess. enum. sem. crem. 1823.
Hybrid Stonecrop. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1766. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
8 S. spatu li folium (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 227.) gla-
brous ; stem erect ; leaves obovate-spatulate, flattish, acute :
upper ones linear ; cyme terminal, leafy, trichotomous ; flowers
pedicellate, decandrous ; petals linear-spatulate, much longer
than the calyx. If. H. Native of the north-west coast of
America ; common on dry rocky places of the Columbia river.
Flowers yellow, very like those of S. stenopetalum. Lower
parts of stems decumbent.
Spatulate-leaved Stonecrop. PI. to. J foot.
9 S. Dougla'sii (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 228.) stem erect,
proliferous above from recurved branches ; leaves linear-subu-
late, very acute, flat on the inside, and a little keeled on the
back, with dry membranous edges ; cymes dichotomous ; flowers
sessile, decandrous ; petals narrow-lanceolate, twice the length
of the calyx. ©. H. Native of North America ; common on
rocky places on the Columbia to the mountains. Flowers yel-
low, like those of S. stenopetalum.
Douglas’s Stonecrop. PI. \ foot.
10 S. a'lgidum (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 418.) leaves scattered,
linear, quite entire, flat, glabrous ; root thick, of many necks ;
stems numerous, simple ; corymb terminal, simple ; pedicels
about equal in length to the flowers ; breadth of nectariferous
scales exceeding their length ; petals longer than the stamens.
7/.H. Native of Altaia, on the higher alps, about the fountains
of the rivers Inja, Uba, and Sentelek, and on the mountains
Kokorga, at the sides of rivulets. Flowrers at first yellow', but
fading to a dirty red. Allied to S. quadrifldum.
Algid Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. PI. § foot.
* * Leaves flat. Flowers white.
1 1 S. involucra'tum (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 352.) leaves cunei-
form, crenated, opposite, pubescent, ciliated ; stems declinate,
hairy; corymbs crowded, involucrated ; petals subulate. If.H.
Native of Caucasus, among stones, at the foot of Mount Kais-
chaur. Flowers white, about the size of those of S. hybridum.
Involucrated Stonecrop. PI. 1 foot.
12 S. latifolium (Bert, amcen. itin. p. 366.) leaves ovate,
cordate, very blunt, serrated, glabrous, usually opposite ; co-
rymbs cymose, on long peduncles ; stamens longer than the
corolla. 11 . H. Native of Switzerland, on the mountains ;
Germany, Italy, France, &c. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 66. f. 1. S.
Telephium, var. maximum, Lin. spec. 616. S. maximum,
Hoffm. germ. 1. p. 156. Flowers greenish-white. Anacamp-
seros maxima, and probably A. albicans, Haw. syn. p. 111.
Broad-leaved Orpine. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1794. PI. 2 feet.
13 S. obtusifolium (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 150.) plant gla-
brous, green ; stems erect ; leaves orbicularly-obovate, obtuse,
nearly quite entire, with scabrous margins : lower ones oppo-
site ; rays of cyme elongated, spreading, and leafy ; flowers
nearly sessile ; petals acute, longer than the calyx. 1/ . H.
Native of Caucasus, on the Talusch mountains, towards Perim-
CRASSULACEjE. XVIII. Sedum.
115
bal, at the height of 3000 feet. Flowers white. This species
differs from S. latifolium, Telephium, and S. Anacbmpseros in
the inflorescence ; and from S. hybridum, involucrdtum, spurium,
stolomferum, and oppositifolium, in the erect stems and form of
the leaves.
Blunt-leaved Stonecrop. PI. 1 foot.
14 S. pectina'tum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 403.) leaves lanceolate-
oblong, pectinately toothed ; flowers terminal, capitate, 4-cleft.
1£. H. Native country unknown. Anacampseros pectinata,
Haw. rev. p. 24. Petals greenish-white. Habit of Penthdrum.
Pectinated- leaved Stonecrop. FI. April, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. i foot.
15 S. li'vidum (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24.) stems ascending ;
leaves glaucous, oblong, somewhat attenuated at the base, gla-
brous, and somewhat crenated at the apex ; flowers cymose,
terminal. 1/ . H. Native country unknown. Anacampseros
livida, Haw. rev. p. 25. Flowers white.
Livid Stonecrop. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. \ foot.
16 S. crucia'tum (Desf. cat. p. 162. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 389.)
leaves flattish, thick, convex beneath, 4 in a whorl; stems
branched at the base, diffuse, ascending, pubescent at the apex ;
flowers subpanicled, on long pedicels ; petals acuminated. % . H.
Native of Piedmont, in mountain valleys about Monregal. Balb.
misc. p. 23. t. 6. Reich, icon. 3. f. 438. Flowers white, almost
like those of S. Cepce a.
Cross-leaved Stonecrop. PI. \ foot.
17 S. Magelle'nse (Ten. fl. neap. pr. p. 26.) stem erect, or
ascending, herbaceous ■' leaves obovate-oblong, sessile ; flowers
racemose, scattered, pedunculate ; petals lanceolate, acute. % .
H. Native of Samnius, on many of the mountains, in shady
groves, and on mossy rocks, and at the roots of old trees ; of
Naples, in the groves of Magella. Racemes terminal, nodding
before expansion. Flowers dirty white.
Magella Stonecrop. PI. from i to 1 foot.
18 S. oppositifolium (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1807.) leaves cu-
neately-spatulate, toothed above, opposite, puberulous on the
margins, rib, under side, as well as on the stems ; cymes sessile,
terminal, crowded; petals oblong, acute. H. Native of
Caucasus. S. denticulatum, Donn, cat. ed. 8. Anacampseros
ciliaris, Haw. syn. 113. rev. p. 25. Flowers white. Stems
decumbent, rooting ; floriferous ones erect. Crassula crenata,
Desf. choix. cor. Tourn. t. 58. ann. mus. 11. t. 46.
Opposite-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. ? PI. dec.
19 S. lanceola'tum (Torrey. in ann. lyc. new york. 2. p.
205.) leaves flat, rather alternate : lower ones crowded, oblong-
lanceolate, acutish, glabrous, with glandularly serrulated edges ;
stems branched, assurgent ; flowers in cymose corymbs ; petals
lanceolate, spreading. If . H. Native of North America, near
the Rocky Mountains. Stem a little branched at the base,
creeping. Leaves about half an inch long. Flowers white,
decandrous. Petals 7.
Lanceolate- leaved Stonecrop. PI. cr.
20 S. terna'tum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 277.) leaves
flat, glabrous, quite entire ; lower leaves obovate, attenuated at
the base, 3 in a whorl, upper ones sessile, lanceolate, inordinate;
cymes trifid ; flowers sessile along the branches ; petals oblong,
acute. If. H. Native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Ca-
rolina, on rocks, and on the rocks about Niagara and Lake Erie,
common. Ker. bot. reg. t. 142. Sims, bot. mag. 1977. S.
portulacoides, Willd. enum. p. 484. S. deffciens, Donn, hort.
cant. S. octogonum, Hortul. Anacampseros ternata, Haw.
Flowers white.
Ternate-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1789. PI. \ ft.
21 S. fopulifolium (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves scattered,
flat, coarsely toothed, petiolate, glabrous : lower ones cordate :
upper ones ovate ; stems much branched, erect, shrubby : co-
rymbs rather panicled, terminal, many-flowered ; petals oblong-
lanceolate. 1? . H. Native of Siberia, on the mountains, in
many parts. D. C. pi. grass, t. 110. Curt. bot. mag. t. 211.
— Pall. itin. 3. p. 730. append, no. 89. t. O. f. 2. Flowers
white ; anthers purple. There is a variety of this plant with ovate
leaves and few flowers, and is perhaps referrible to S. Notarjanni.
Poplar-leaved or Shrubby Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1780. Shrub 1 foot.
22 S. Notarja'nni (Ten. fl. neap. 1. p. 245. t. 40.) stems
ascending, suffruticose ; leaves petiolate, flat, ovate, bluntly and
sinuately toothed, glabrous ; flowers solitary or few, terminal ;
petals lanceolate. . H. Native of Naples, near Funda,
among calcareous rocks. S. Notarjanni, Ten. cat. 1819. p. 43.
Very like S. populifolium, but differs in the stems being almost
herbaceous, in the leaves not being cordate, in the flowers being
nearly solitary, and in the anthers being yellow.
Notarjanni's Stonecrop. Shrub 1 foot.
23 S. stella'tum (Lin. spec. 617.) leaves flat, roundish,
angularly toothed, tapering into the petioles, opposite, or alter-
nate, glabrous ; flowers axillary, sessile along the branches of
the cyme ; petals lanceolate. ©. H. Native of the Islands of
Corsica, Melos, and of Italy, and the south of Switzerland.
Smith, fl. graec. 446. Comm. hort. 7. t. 2. Col. phyt. 32.
t. 1 1. Petals white, tinged with red.
Afarry-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1614. Pl.-|ft.
24 S. Cepa:' a (Lin. spec. 617.) stem herbaceous, terete, pu-
bescent ; leaves flat, quite entire ; lower ones rather spatulate :
upper ones obiong or linear ; flowers panicled ; petals ending in an
awned point. $ . H. Native of middle and south Europe, in
hedges and among bushes. Smith, fl. graec. 447. — Clus. hist. 2.
p. 68. with a figure. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 473. sect. 12. t. 7. f. 37.
— S. paniculatum, Lam. — Anacampseros Cepae'a, Haw. Flowers
white.
Var. (o, galioides (D. C. prod. 3. p. 404.) upper leaves nearly
opposite : lower ones in whorls, spatulate. S. galioides, All.
pedem. no. 1742. t. 65. f. 3. S. verticillatum, Latour, but not
of Lin.
Far. y, alsinefolium (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval, for the most
part alternate. S. alsinefolium, All. ped. no. 1740. t. 22. f. 2.
bad. Petals acuminated.
Cepcea or Purslane-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1640. PI. a to 1 foot.
25 S. spatula'tum (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 108.
t. 104.) stem herbaceous, terete, pubescent ; leaves flat, entire,
nearly all alternate, spatulate : upper ones cuneiform ; flowers
panicled; petals ending each in an awn. $. H. Native of
Hungary. S. Cepae'a, var. y, spatulatum D.C. prod. 3. p. 404.
Flowers white.
Spatulale-\eaved Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1815. PI. | ft.
26 S. tetraphy'llum (Smith, fl. graec. t. 448. prod. 1. p.
309.) plant pubescent ; leaves spatulate, quite entire, four in a
whorl ; stem branched at the base ; peduncles axillary, few-
flowered, the whole forming a terminal panicled raceme ; petals
ending in a long point. $ . H. Native of Greece. Ray. syn.
ext. 233. Petals white, with a red keel.
Four-leaved Stonecrop. PI. i foot.
27 S. erioca'rpum (Smith, fl. graec. t. 449.) stem twisted, pu-
bescent above ; leaves smooth, alternate, oblong, obtuse ; sterns
cymose ; flowers axillary, nearly sessile ; petals mucronated ;
calyx glabrous ; ovaries hairy. ©. H. Native of Greece.
Flowers red.
Woolly -fruited Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt.? PI. to § ft.
* * * Leaves flat. Flowers purple or red ; rarely blue.
28 S. cyanai'um (Rud. mem. petersb. 1811. p. 351. t. 2. f. 2.)
q 2
116
CRASSULACEjE. XVIII. Sedum.
stems simple ; leaves flat, nearly linear, entire, sessile ; cymes
leafy. $ . H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Flowers blue.
B?«e-flowered Stonecrop. PI. § foot.
29 S. deltoi'deum (Ten. cat. 1819. p. 43.) stems erectisb ;
leaves alternate, flat, deltoidly-cuneiform, unequal, crenated,
and toothed ; cymes lateral. ©. H. Native of the kingdom
of Naples, on Monte Novo and Goat’s Island. Flowers purple.
The rest unknown.
Deltoid- leaved Stonecrop. PI. i foot.
30 S. sempervi'vum (Led. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 434.) leaves
spatulate-ovate, acute, flat, quite entire, pubescent : lower ones
collected into a circle : cauline ones half stem-clasping ; stems
simple; corymb rather panicled ; petals lanceolate-subulate. 7£.
FI. Native of Iberia. S. sempervivoides, Fisch. mss. Bieb.suppl.
p. 313. Sims, hot. mag. t. 3474. Habit of a species of Sem-
pervivum. Flowers deep purple, showy, size of those of S.
spurium.
Ilouseleek-like Stonecrop. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. § ft.
31 S. hjemato'des (Mill. diet. no. 15.) stems erect, fleshy;
leaves ovate, quite entire : upper ones stem-clasping ; corymbs
terminal. 1/. H. Native of Louisiana. There are two va-
rieties of this plant, one with white and another with purple
flowers. Said to be allied to S. Telep hium and S. Anacdmpseros.
Bloody Orpine. FI. July, Sept. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
32 S. Anaca'mpseros (Lin. spec. 616.) leaves cuneiform,
obtuse, quite entire, almost sessile, alternate, flat, glabrous ;
stems decumbent; flowers corymbose, y. Native of Pro-
vence, Piedmont, Savoy, Switzerland, &c. on rocks among
the mountains. D. C. pi. grass, t. 33. Curt. bot. mag. t. 118.
— Lob. icon. 1. t. 390. f. 2. S. rotundifolium, Lam. diet. fl. fr.
3. p. 82. Anacampseros sempervirens, Haw. syn. p. 112.
Flowers purple.
Anacampseros or Evergreen Orpine. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1596. PL trailing.
33 S. pu'lchrum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 277.) stems
assurgent, glabrous ; leaves scattered, linear, obtuse ; cymes of
many spikes ; flowers sessile, of 4 petals and 8 stamens. 1/ . H.
Native of the mountains of Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia, on
the banks of the river Ohio. Flowers purple. Allied to S. re-
jlexum, according to Pursh, but according to Nutt, to S. ternatum.
Fair Stonecrop. PI. trailing.
34 S. denta’tum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 403.) leaves alternate,
glabrous, cuneate-obovate ; upper ones pinnatifidly toothed
downwards, and more petiolate ; cyme sessile, terminal. H.
Native country unknown. Anacampseros dentata, Haw. rev. p.
26. Allied to S. spurium and S. oppositifolium. Perhaps the
same as S. dentatum, Donn, hort. cant. Flowers purple.
Tootked-]ea\ed Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1810. PI. A ft.
35 S. Ibe'ricum (Stev. in Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 312.) leaves
cuneiformly obovate, repandly crenated, petiolate, with scabrous
margins : cauline leaves opposite ; cymes leafy, dichotomous ;
flowers nearly sessile ; petals subulate. 7/ . H. Native of the
north of Iberia, in subalpine places. Flowers reddish. Habit
of S. spurium.
Iberian Stonecrop. PI. A foot.
36 S. roseum (Stev. mem. soc. nat. cur. mosq. 3. p. 263.)
leaves spatulately obovate, opposite, quite entire, fleshy, gla-
brous, imbricated at the tops of the surculi ; stems much
branched, loose, creeping ; cymes terminal ; petals lanceolate-
subulate. y. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, among stones.
Bieb. suppl. 314. Flowers almost like those of S. spdrium, of
an elegant rose-colour.
Bose-coloured-flowered Stonecrop. PI. A to \ foot.
37 S. seu'rium (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 852.) leaves cuneiformly-
obovate, crenately toothed in front, pubescent beneath, some-
what ciliated ; cauline leaves opposite ; radical ones in fascicles
usually alternate ; corymbs terminal, compound ; petals lanceo-
late. y . H. Native of Caucasus, among rocks. Sims, bot.
mag. t. 2370. — Buxb. cent. 5. p. 33. t. 61. f. 2. Anacampseros
spuria, Haw. rev. p. 25. Flowers purple.
Spurious Stonecrop. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1816. PI. £ foot.
38 S. Ewe'rsii (Led. fl. alt. ill. t. 58. fl. alt. 2. p. 191.) leaves
opposite, obsoletely denticulated, adnate : inferior ones broad-
elliptic : superior ones sessile, cordate ; corymbs terminal, com-
pound ; petals lanceolate, acute, a little longer than the stamens.
7/ ■ H. Native of Altaia, at the rivers Uba, Buchtorm, and
Kokoryo ; and at the Golden Lake Teletz-koe Osero. Flowers
purple. Stem rooting at the base.
Ewers’ s Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1829. PI. A foot.
39 S. telephioides (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 324.) leaves
ovate, flat, acutish at both ends, toothed ; corymb compound, in
fascicles. 7/. H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, on rocks
among the mountains. Anacampseros telephioides, Haw. syn.
114. Flowers pale purple. Hardly distinct from S. Telephium
according to Nuttall.
Orpine-like Stone-crop. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1810. PL 1
to 2 feet.
40 S. Tele'piiium (Lin. spec. 616. a, fi, et y,) leaves oblong
or oval, attenuated at the base, flat, toothed, glabrous ; stems
erect ; cymes corymbose, terminal ; stamens not exceeding the
corolla. 7/. H. Native of Europe, in exposed places; in
Britain on the borders of fields, or in hedges or bushy places, on
a gravelly or chalky soil. Smith, eng. bot. 1319. Curt. lond. 3.
t. 25. 210. Oed. fl. dan. 686. Blackw. 191. There are several
varieties of this plant : — 1, leaves opposite (Anacampseros albida,
Haw. syn. p. 111.) — 2, leaves 3 in a whorl (Anacampseros tri-
phylla, Haw. syn. p. 111. Sedum triphyllum. Haw.) — 3, leaves
alternate ; flowers purple (D. C. pi. grass, t. 92. Anacampseros
purpurea, Haw. syn. p. 111. Fuschs, hist. 801. with a figure),
and white (Fuschs. hist. 1. c. t. 800. Anacampseros vulgaris,
Haw. syn. p. 111.) — 4, leaves oblong-lanceolate, sharply toothed
(Anacampseros argvtta, Haw. Sedum argbtum, Haw.) — 5, leaves
cuneately obovate, slightly 4-toothed towards the apex ; stems
decumbent (Anacampseros paucidens, Haw. rev. p. 24.). All
these are referrible to this species. A decoction of the leaves
in milk is a forcible diuretic. It has been given with success
in the cure of haemorrhoids.
Orpine. FL July, Sept. Britain. PL 2 to 3 feet.
41 S. vulga're (Link. enum. pi. hort. berol. 1. p. 437.)
leaves nearly opposite, ovate-elliptic, obtuse, rounded at the
base, exactly sessile, bluntly and dentately serrated ; panicle sub-
corymbose ; stamens shorter than the corolla. 1/. H. Native
of Siberia, on the mountains near Kolywan ; and also in sandy
woods about Barnaoul. S. Telephium a, Willd. spec. 2. p. 760.
S. Telephium, Patrin, fl. barn. mss. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 351. S.
Telephium, Besser. enum. pi. volh. p. 17. S. Telephium y
minus, Falk, topog. 2. no. 522. Anacampseros vulgaris, Haw.
succ. p. 112. Flowers whitish or purplish.
Common Orpine. FL June, Sept. Clt. ? PL 1 to 2 feet.
42 S. verticilla'tum (Lin. amoen. 2. p. 352. t. 4. f. 14. ex-
clusive of the synonyme of Ray,) stem erect ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
lanceolate, serrated ; racemes axillary, few-flowered, shorter
than the leaves. 7/ . H. Native of Kamtschatka. Leaves a
finger in length. Flowers small, purple ? or pink ? This species
is allied to S. Telephium according to Steven.
Whorled-\eaved Orpine. FL July, Sept. Clt.? PL 1 foot.
• * * * Leaves terete. Flowers white.
43 S. Morane'nse (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 6. p. 44.) stems
branched, creeping at the base, ascending, glabrous ; leaves scat-
tered, loosened at the base, thick, fleshy, obtuse ; cymes secund;
flowers nearly sessile ; petals 5, oblong-linear, bluntish. 7/ . H.
CRASSULACEiE. XVIII. Sebum. 117
Native of Mexico, near Real de Moran. The colour of the flowers
is unknown, but the plant is said to be very like S. A'nglicum,
and the flowers are therefore perhaps white.
Moran Stonecrop. PI. foot.
44 S. A'nglicum (Huds. angl. p. 196.) stems ascending,
humble, branched at the base ; leaves crowded, alternate, short,
ovate, gibbous, loosened at the base, glabrous ; cyme branched,
few flowered ; flowers sessile along the branches ; petals acumi-
nately awned. 1/ . H. Native of Norway, Britain, west of
France, Portugal, on walls, roofs of houses, meadows, on ex-
posed stony hills, and among rocks. In England on the sandy
or rocky sea coast, as well as upon mountains ; in Scotland and
the north of England frequent. Smith, engl. bot. 171. S. rh-
bens, Oed. fl. dan. t. 82. Liglitf. scot. 235. S. arenarium, Brot.
fl. lus. 2. p. 212. phyt. t. 1. f. 2. S. Guettardi, Vill. dauph. 3.
p. 678. in a note. S. atratum, Aubl. S. annuum, Gunn, but
not of Lin. Petals white, with a red keel.
Var. [3, microphyllum ; plant very small.
Far. y, Hibernicum ; plant large, rather downy.
English Stonecrop. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. foot.
45 S. oblo'ngum (Haw. rev. p. 29.) leaves ovate, paraboli-
cally-oblong, convex beneath, 4 lines long, rather distant ; scales
of germens brown. If. H. Native of England. Petals white,
with a red keel. Very like S. dnglicum , but twice the size, the
leaves fewer, and more distant.
Oifowg-leaved Stone-crop. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. PI. ft.
46 S. atra tum (Lin. spec. 1673.) stem erect, branched at the
base ; leaves scattered, terete, obtuse, glabrous, loosened at the
base ; cymes corymbosely fastigiate ; petals ovate, hardly mu-
cronate ; carpels stellately spreading. ©. H. Native of the
Alps of Europe and the Pyrenees, among rocks. D. C. pi.
grass, t. 120. All. pedem. t. 65. f. 4. Jacq. aust. 1. t. 8. S.
haematodes, Scop. earn. 4. p. 323. but not of Mill. Petals small,
white. Plant red when old. Carpels dark red.
Var. (3 ; lower branches lying on the ground. Native of the
Alps. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 391. exclusive of the sy-
nonymes.
Dark Stone-crop. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1795. PI. foot.
47 S. glau'cum (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 198. t.
181.) stem erectish, puberulous ; leaves nearly terete, glaucous,
alternate ; sterile branches crowded, erect ; cymes trifid, few-
flowered ; petals 6, mucronate. $ . H. Native of Hungary,
on sandy hills. Willd. enum. p. 486. S. Hungaricum, Poir.
S. Andersonii, G. Don in Loud. hort. brit. p. 184. According
to Willd. this species differs from S. sexjidum in the stem being
a little branched at the base, in the petals being 1-nerved, not
finely 3-nerved. Flowers sometimes hexandrous.
Glaucous Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. A ft.
48 S. se'xfidum (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. no. 874.) stem erectish,
branched, when young rather procumbent ; leaves nearly terete-
scattered, spreading, glaucous, glabrous ; cymes somewhat pa-
nicled ; flowers sessile along the branches ; petals 6, acuminated.
©. H. Native of Caucasus, on rocks. Willd. enum. 487.
Flowers white ; anthers bay-coloured. The flowers contain also
1 2 stamens, and are allied to S. rubens. The petals are said to be
3-nerved, the lateral nerves very fine.
•Stx-c/e/i-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI.
^ foot.
49 S. Andegave'nse (D. C. prod. 3. p. 406.) stem erect,
simple at the base, trichotomous at the apex ; leaves ovate, ob-
tuse, erect, fleshy, glabrous : lower leaves opposite, the rest
alternate ; flowers pentandrous in the forks, and scattered and
sessile along the branches ; petals ovate, acutish. ©. H. Na-
tive of Andegavany, on walls and on schistous rocks. S. atril-
tum, Bast. ess. fl. p. 167. exclusive of the synonyme. Crassula
Andegav6nsis, D. C. suppl. fl. fr. p. 522. Truly distinct from
S. atratum, but perhaps only a pentandrous variety of S. dasy-
phyllum, and the flowers are probably white like it.
Andegavenny Stonecrop. PI. foot.
50 S. dasyphy'llum (Lin. spec. p. 618.) stems weak, decum-
bent; leaves ovate, nearly globose, fleshy, glabrous, opposite,
rarely alternate ; sterile branches rather imbricated ; cymes pu-
berulous, few-flowered, terminal ; petals bluntish. If.. H. Na-
tive of Europe, on walls and rocks. In England plentiful about
London, as at Hammersmith, Kew, Chelsea, &c. ; on walls at Mal-
ton, Yorkshire, and at Clifton near Bristol. Jacq. hort. vind. t.
153. D.C. pi. grass, t. 93. Smith, engl. bot. t. 656. Curt. fl. lond.
3. t. 26. 147. S. glaucum, Lam. fl. fr. Flowers white, sometimes
composed of 6 petals? Perhaps S. reticulatum, Schrank. bot.
beob. in dennsk. baier. ges. 1815. is different from S. dasy-
phyllum. Plant glaucous.
Thick- leaved Stonecrop. ' Fl. June, July. Brit. PI. foot.
51 S. brevifolium (D. C. rapp. voy. 1808. p. 79. suppl. no.
3615. a, mem. crass, t. 4. f. A.) stems fruticulose, glabrous,
twisted at the base ; leaves opposite, ovate, obtuse, short, thick ;
cymes quite glabrous, loose, terminal ; petals bluntish. 1/ . H.
Native of the Pyrenees and of Corsica, among rocks in dry
pastures. S. sphaeYicum, Lapeyr. abr. 1813. p. 259. Sepals
of calyx thin, not as in S. dasyphyllum (to which species it is
nearly allied) thick.
Short-leaved Stonecrop. PI. ~ foot.
52 S. Co'rsicum (Duby, in D. C. syn. fl. fr. ed. 2.) stems
ascending, branched at the base, twisted ; leaves ovate, obtuse,
hispid ; sterile shoots crowded ; cymes terminal, few-flowered,
glabrous ; petals acutish. If. H. Native of Corsica, where it
was detected by Ph. Thomas, on the walls of the city of Corte ;
and of Sardinia, at the town of Jessu. Flowers smaller than
those of S. dasyphyllum, appearing of a dirty pale purple in the
dried specimen ; but white in the recent state.
Corsican Stonecrop. PI. foot.
53 S. hirsu'tum (All. ped. no. 1754. t. 65. f. 5.) floriferous
stems erect, nearly naked ; leaves remote, alternate, oblong-cy-
lindrical, obtuse, hairy ; sterile stems crowded ; cymes terminal,
few-flowered; petals acuminately awned. $. H. ex All. 1/ .
H. ex Pourr. Native of the Alps of Piedmont, Provence,
Cevennes, Pyrenees, and on the mountains of Leone and Cor-
sica, especially among schistous rocks. S. globiferum, Pourr.
act. to]. 3. p. 327. S. luspidum, Poir. diet. 4. p. 633. but not
of Desf. Petals white, downy, marked with a purple line.
Hairy Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
54 S. pilosum (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 352.) stems ascending,
leafy ; leaves oblong, obtuse, rather fleshy, hairy, alternate ;
radical ones in fascicles; cymes terminal, corymbose; petals lan-
ceolate, hardly twice the length of the sepals. 1/. H. Native
about the port of Caucasus, among rocks. Allied to S. hirsutum,
but differs in the leaves being flattish, in the sepals of the calyx
being twice the length, and in the duration being perennial, not
biennial.
Pilose Stonecrop. PI. A foot.
55 S. Hispa'nicum (Lin. spec. 618.) stem erect, branched,
glabrous ; leaves scattered, terete, acutish, glaucous ; sterile
stems rosulate, crowded ; cymes branched ; flowers sessile, along
the branches of the cyme ; petals 6, acuminately awned. If . H.
Native of Spain, Switzerland, and the south of Germany. Jacq.
aust. 5. t. 47. — Dill. hort. elth. 2. p. 332. S. aristatum, Tenore,
fl. neap. 1. p. 250. Petals white, with a dirty red keel. Carpels
glabrous. Very like S. glaucum and S. rubens, but the root is
perennial.
Spanish Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. PI. foot.
56 S. a'lbum (Lin. spec. 619.) branches perennial, rooting,
when young rather puberulous ; leaves ovately club-shaped,
green, nearly terete, glabrous ; cymes branched, terminal, sub-
118
CRASSULACEiE. XVIII. Sebum.
corymbose ; petals bluntish. % . H. Native of Europe, in dry
meadows, on walls and rocks. In England on walls and roofs,
not common ; at Kentish Town and Bromley, Middlesex ; on
rocks about Great Malvern, Worcestershire ; upon walls at Peter-
borough ; but rare in Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. t. 578. Curt,
lond. 1. t. 31. Oed. fl. dan. t. 66. All. ped. 1751. t. 65. f. 2.
S. album var. y turgidum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 406. Flowers cy-
mose, white.
White Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. -j foot.
57 S. micra'nthum (Bast, in litt. D. C. suppl. fl. fr. 3613.
Haw. in phil. mag. Sept. 1831, p. 415.) branches perennial, root-
ing, slightly puberulous ; leaves clavately oblong, green, nearly
terete, glabrous ; cymes branched, terminal, subcorymbose ;
petals bluntish. If. H. Native of France, in Andegaveny.
In England near Gloucester. S. turgidum, Bast. ess. p. 167.
S. album /? micranthum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 406. Very like S.
album, but is 2 or 3 times larger ; flowers more numerous, and
the petals narrower.
Sma ^-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Brit. PI. \ ft.
58 S. gra'cile (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 151.) plant glabrous
and green; stems herbaceous, diffuse ; leaves subulate, bluntish,
loose at the base, those of the sterile branches imbricated ; rays
of cyme elongated, much spreading ; flowers decandrous, almost
sessile ; petals acuminated, longer than the calyx ; style rather
longer than the breadth of the acute capsule. If . H. Native
of Caucasus. Flowers white.
Var. a, minus (Meyer, 1. c.) flowers smaller. On Mount
Gutgora at the altitude of 3300 feet.
Var. /3, majus (Meyer, 1. c.) flowers almost twice the size of
those of var. a. On the Talusch Mountains, at the altitude of
1400 to 2700 feet.
Slender Stonecrop. PI. diffuse.
59 S. teretifolium (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 84. Haw. in phil. mag.
Sept. 1831, p. 415.) branches elongated, rooting, perennial, quite
glabrous ; leaves equally terete, rather elongated, a little depres-
sed, green, glabrous ; cymes branched, terminal, subcorymbose;
petals bluntish. If. H- Native of Europe, on walls, rocks, and
in dry pastures. In England near Hereford. S. album, D. C.
prod. 3. p. 406. — Fuschs, hist. 35. with a figure. Oed. fl. dan. t.
66. D. C. pi. grass, t. 22. S. teretifolium a, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p.
84. Flowers white.
Terete-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Brit. PI. \ foot.
60 S. Atho'um (D. C. prod. 3. p. 407.) stems erect, a little
creeping at the base ; leaves semi-cylindrical, short, remote, and
are, as well as the stem, glabrous ; cyme terminal, somewhat
corymbose, many-flowered ; petals acute. 7/ . H. Native on
the top of Mount Athos. S. turgidum, D. Urv. enum. p. 51.
exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers white, like those of S.
album, but the petals are acute and distinct.
Athos Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
***** Leaves terete. Flowers red or blue.
61 S. cceru'leum (Vahl. FIG. 28.
symb. 2. p. 51.) stem flat on
the ground at the base, as-
cending ; leaves oblong, al-
ternate, obtuse, loosened at
the base ; cymes bifid, gla-
brous; petals 7, obtuse. ©.
H. Native of Tunis, in the
fissures of rocks. Shaw.itin.
550. with a figure. Sims,
bot. mag. 2224. Ker. bot.
reg. 520. S. azureum, Desf.
fl. atl. 1. p. 362. Flowers
not blue, but at first purplish, and fading to blue(f. 28.).
B£we-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI.
foot.
62 S. heptape'talum (Poir. voy. barb. 2. p. 169. diet. 4. p.
630.) stems erect, branched at the apex ; leaves ovate-oblong,
scattered, depressedly gibbous ; cymes panicled ; petals 7, acu-
minated. ©. H. Native of Barbary, Corsica, and Malta, on
rocks by the sea-side. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 392. Flowers purplish as
in S. cceruleum, fading to blue. S. heptapetalum, Horn. hort.
hafn. suppl. p. 138. said to be originally from the Russian em-
pire, is perhaps distinct from this species, but is not sufficiently
known.
Seven-petalled Stonecrop. PI. \ foot.
63 S. bractea'tum (Viv. fl. lyb. 24. t. 8. f. 3.) stems erect,
branched at the apex, beset with spreading hairs, as well as the
leaves ; leaves alternate, linear, thick, obtuse ; cymes trichoto-
mous ; flowers on short pedicels along the branches of the cyme;
petals 5, elliptic, keeled. ©. H. Native of the Great Syrtus,
in Lybia on the sea shore. The colour of the flowers agrees
with that of S. cceruleum, but the habit is that of S. Hisjtanicum.
Nectariferous scales emarginate.
Bracteated-R owered Stonecrop. PI. \ foot.
64 S. villosum (Lin. spec. 620.) stem erect, almost simple,
beset with viscid hairs ; leaves semi-terete, rather remote, erect,
also beset with viscid pili; cymes terminal, few-flowered; petals
acutish. ©. H. Native of Europe, in boggy places. In En-
gland in wet mountainous pastures, and the clefts of moist rocks ;
in the north of Westmoreland, Durham, and the north-west part
of Yorkshire, not unfrequent. More abundant in Scotland. —
Smith, engl. bot. t. 394. Oed. fl. dan. t. 24. D. C. pi. grass, t.
70. — Mor. hist. sect. 12. t. 8. f. 48. — Petiv. brit. t. 42. f. 7.
Flowers pale red.
Var. /3, pentdndrum (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 524.) stamens 5
(especially those that are epipetalous are abortive) or 6 ; the 4
epipetalous ones of which having vanished.
Villous Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. to ± ft.
65 S. ru'bens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 405.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves oblong, obtuse, nearly terete, sessile, spreading, glabrous ;
cymes branched, pubescent ; flowers sessile, unilateral along the
branches of the cyme, pentandrous ; petals 5, acuminately awned.
©. H. Native of south and middle Europe, in cultivated sandy
fields. Crassula rubens, Lin. syst. veg. p. 253. D. C. pi. grass,
t. 55. S. rhbens j3 pentandrum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 405. Flowers
pale red. Mature carpels puberulous. The epipetalous sta-
mens are all or for the most part abortive, and therefore the
flowers are pentandrous.
Reddening-^ owered Stonecrop. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1769.
PI. ^ to \ foot.
66 S. pube'rulum (D. C. mem. crass, p. 33.) stems erect,
branched, puberulous ; leaves scattered, terete, acutish, glabrous ;
cymes branched ; flowers sessile along the branches of the cyme;
petals 6, acuminately awned. ©. H. Native of Calabria. This
species comes very near S. pallidum and S. rubens.
Puberulous Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
67 S. pa'llidum (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 353.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves oblong, obtuse, nearly terete, spreading, gla-
brous ; cymes branched, pubescent ; flowers sessile, unilateral
along the branches of the cyme, decandrous ; petals acuminately
awned. ©. H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers pale red or
white. Mature carpels puberulous.
Pale Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. foot.
68 S. ciESPiTosuM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 405.) leaves ovate, tur-
gid, imbricated, glabrous ; stems nearly simple, glabrous ; flowers
lateral, sessile, solitary; carpels stellately spreading. ©. H.
Native of Spain, Provence, Tauria, in exposed places. Magn.
bot. p. 238. and 237. with a figure. Crassula Magnolii, D. C.
fl. fr. suppl. no. 3604. Tillae'a rubra, Gouan. hort. p. 77.
CRASSULACEiE. XVIII. Sedum.
Tillae'a erecta, Sauv. monsp. p. 129. Crassula verticillaris, Lin.
rnant. 261.? Crassula caespitosa, Cav. icon. t. 69. f. 2. Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 257. Flowers pale red. The 5 fertile stamens alter-
nating with the petals, and the rudiments of the 5 sterile ones in
front of the petals.
Tufted Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1788. PI. ^ foot.
****** Leaves terete. Flowers yellow.
69 S. quadri'fidum (Pall. itin. 3. p. 730. append, no. 90. t.
P. f. 1.) leaves scattered, terete, bluntish ; root thick, of many
necks ; stems numerous, erect, simple ; corymbs terminal, few-
flowered, simple ; pedicels about equal in length ; length of nec-
tariferous scales exceeding the breadth ; flowers octandrous,
4-cleft ; stamens a little longer than the petals. If. H. Native
of Dahuria, the Ural Mountains, and Altaia, in humid stony
places, on the tops of the Alps. Pall. ed. gall, in 8vo. vol. 8.
p. 31 1. 1. 104. f. 4. S. quinquefidum and S. hexapetalum, Haw.
rev. p. 26. ? Flowers yellow.
Quadrifd-Rowered Stonecrop. Fl. July. Clt. 1800. PI. ^ ft.
70 S. a'cre (Lin. spec. 619.) stems rather creeping at the
base ; branches erect ; leaves ovate, adnate, sessile, gibbous,
erectish, alternate, glabrous ; cymes trifid ; flowers sessile along
the branches of the cyme ; petals lanceolate, acuminated. If . H.
Native of Europe, common on walls, roofs of houses, rocks, and
dry sandy ground; plentiful in Britain. Bull. herb. t. 30. D. C.
pi. grass, t. 117. Smith, engl. bot. 839. Woodv. med. bot. t.
231. Curt. lond. 1. t. 32. Flowers yellow. The whole plant is
acrid, and chewed in the mouth has a hot biting taste ; whence,
and from its common place of growth, it has the name of wall-
pepper. Applied to the skin it blisters, and taken inwardly it
excites vomiting. In scorbutic cases and quartern agues, it is
an excellent medicine under proper management. For the for-
mer, a handful of the herb is directed to be boiled in eight pints
of beer till they are reduced to four, of which 3 or 4 ounces are
to be taken every morning. Milk has been found to answer this
purpose better than beer. Not only ulcers simply scorbutic,
but those of a scrofulous or even cancerous tendency, have
been cured by the use of this plant. It is likewise useful as an
external application, in destroying fungous flesh, and in promot-
ing a discharge in gangrenes and carbuncles.
Var.fi, diminutum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1831. p. 416.) much
smaller than the species, hardly an inch high ; stem creeping.
1/ . H. Native of the higher Alps of Provence; also on Swaf-
fan Heath, Norfolk. S. acre /S graciale, D. C. prod. 3. p. 407.
S. glaciale, Clarion in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 393.
Var. y, elongatum (Haw. 1. c.) pendulous branches 7 inches
high : erect ones 4 inches ; leaves loosely imbricating.
Acrid Stonecrop. Fl. June. Britain. PI. A to £ foot.
71 S. sexangula're (Lin. spec. 620.) stems branched at the
base, floriferous ones erect ; leaves nearly terete, adnate-sessile,
usually by threes on the flowering stems, and 3 in a whorl on
sterile branches, imbricating in 6 spiral rows ; cymes trifid ; pe-
tals lanceolate, acuminated. %. H. Native of Europe, in dry
sandy ground, and on walls. In England, but not common ; as
near Northfleet, Sheerness, and on the Isle of Sheppy ; on Green-
wich Park wall on the south side, near the western corner ; on
the famous rotten walls of Old Sarum ; also of Cambridgeshire.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 118. Curt. lond. 4. t. 33. Smith, engl. bot.
1646. S. &cre /3, Huds. Lara. fl. fr. S. spirale, Haw. in phil.
mag. 1824. no. 176. — Cam. epit. 856. with a figure. Flowers
yellow. Habit of S. acre.
Sixangled Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. ^ foot.
72 S. Boeonie'nse (Lois. not. p. 71.) stem branched at the
base ; floriferous ones erect ; leaves nearly terete, obtuse,
loosened at the base, glabrous, imbricated on all sides ; cymes
119
FIG. 29.
trifid ; flowers sessile, along the branches ; petals acuminated.
%■ H. Native of sandy woods, about Bologna. D. C. suppl.
523. Root creeping. Sepals cylindrical, obtuse. Branches of
cyme 6-10-flowered. S. schistosum, Lejeune, fl. spa. Flowers
yellow. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from S. sexanguldre.
Bologna Stonecrop. PI. A foot.
73 S. amplexicai/ee (D. C. rapp. voy. 2. p. 80. suppl. fl.
fr. p. 526. mem. eras. t. 7.) stems branched at the base, erect ;
leaves terete, subulate, glabrous, dilated at the base into a stem-
clasping membrane ; cymes bifid ; flowers remote, sessile along
the branches of the cyme ; petals 5-7, lanceolate, acute. If. . H.
Native of Spain, south of France, Italy, Candia, &c. in dry
mountain pastures. S. rostratum, Tenore, fl. neap. prod. p. 26.
S. tenuifolium, Sibth, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 335. and Sieb. herb,
cret. Sempervivum anomalum, Lag. nov. spec. 17. Flowers yel-
low, almost like those of S. reflexum. Sepals subulate, acute.
Stem-clasping Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
74 S. rupe'stre (Lin. spec. p.
618.) stems branched at the base,
floriferous ones erect ; leaves te-
rete-subulate, glaucous, loosened
at the base ; sterile stems cylin-
drical, densely imbricated ; flow-
ers cymose, 5-7-petalled ; sepals
bluntish. ll.H. Native of Eu-
rope, on walls and rocks. In
England on St. Vincent’s rock,
Bristol ; on Chedder rocks, So-
mersetshire, and upon walls about
Darlington. Engl. bot. t. 170.
— Dill. elth. 2. f. 333. Reich,
icon. 3. f. 439. S. minus, Haw.
in phil. mag. 1825. p. 174.? S.
reflexum, D. C. pi. grass, t. 116.
Rock Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. ^ foot.
75 S. septangula're (Haw. syn. 116. and in phil. mag. 1824.
p. 175.) glaucous; leaves imbricating in 7 rows, incurved,
spreading, middle-sized, acute. If. H. Native of Europe.
Flowers yellow. S. rupestre /3, septangulare, D. C. prod. 3. p.
407. S. rupestre, D. C. pi. grass, t. 115. Very like S. cceru-
lescens, but is distinguished by the shorter and hardly subulate
leaves, and in being more branched, and the branches shorter.
Seven-angled Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. PI. -A ft.
76 S. albe'scens (Haw. rev. succ. p. 28.) stems branched at
the base ; flowers erect ; leaves terete-subulate, glaucous, loos-
ened at the base ; sterile stems elongated, with spreading leaves ;
flowers cymose, 5-7-petalled ; sepals lanceolate. If . H. Native
of England and Denmark, on barren sandy hills and walls. In
England, especially on the sides of some rough hills near Mil-
denhall, Suffolk. S. glaucum, Smith, engl. fl. 2. p. 321. engl.
bot. 2471. but not of Waldst. et Kit. S. reflexum, fl. dan. t.
113. Flowers yellow.
Whitish-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Brit. PI. -A foot.
77 S. Forsteria'num (Smith, comp. 71. engl. bot. 1802.)
stems branched at the base ; flowers erect ; leaves semicylin-
drical, bluntish, green tinged with red ; sterile stems short ;
leaves crowded, somewhat rosulate at the tops of the branches ;
flowers cymose, 5-7-petalled ; sepals obtuse. H. Native
of Wales, on rocks at the falls of Rhydoll, near the Devil’s-
bridge, Cardiganshire ; on the rocks of Hisval, overhanging the
little valley of Nant-phrancon. S. Forsterii, Haw. syn. p. 117.
S. rupestre, D. C. pi. grass. 115.? Flowers yellow.
Forster's Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Wales. PI. ^ foot.
78 S. refle'xum (Lin. spec. 618. Smith, fl. brit. p. 490.)
stems branched at the base ; floriferous ones erect ; leaves terete-
subulate, green, loosened at the base ; sterile shoots somewhat
120
CRASSULACE/E. XVIII. Sedum.
cylindrical, spreading ; flowers cymose, 5-7-petalled ; sepals
bluntish. 74. H. Native of Europe, in fields and on walls ;
in Britain on walls and thatched roofs, abundant. Smith, engl.
bot. t. C95. — Park, theat. 1. t. 734. f. 1. Flowers yellow.
Var. ft, recurvatum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 408.) leaves glauces-
cent ; sterile stems somewhat reflexed. S. recurvatum, Willd.
enum. suppl. 23. Perhaps a variety of S. albescens, according
to Haw.
Var. y, collinum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glaucescent ; sterile stems
spreading. S. collinum, Willd. 1. c. p. 25. S. elegans, Lejeune
fl. spa. 1 . p. 205. ?
Var. b, cristalum (D. C. 1. c.) sterile branches crestedly some-
what fasciculate ; leaves green, spreading. S. cristatum, Schrad.
liort. goett. t. 10. S, Portlandicum, Lob. icon. 380.
Reflexed-leavei Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Brit. PI. ft.
79 S. vi'rens (Ait. liort. kew. 2. p. 1 10.) leaves scattered,
subulate, green, loosened at the base ; flowers cymose ; petals
lanceolate, much longer than the sepals. 74. H. Native of
Portugal. S. reflexum, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 25. S. crassi-
caule, Link. enum. 1. p.438. Flowers yellow. Very like S.
reflexum, and probably only a variety of it.
Green Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. PI. \ foot.
80 S. vire'scens (Willd. enum suppl. p. 25.) stems branched :
floriferous ones erect ; leaves terete-subulate, those of the sterile
branches spreading and glaucescent ; flowering stems spreading,
compressed; branches of cyme crowded, erect. 74. H. Native
of Siberia. The leaves, according to Haw. in rev. p. 29. are green,
and the flowers nearly white; but according to Willd. 1. c. the
leaves are glaucescent, and the flowers greenish-yellow, there-
fore two species are probably confounded under this name, and
perhaps both are only varieties of S. reflexum.
Greerais/t-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. ft.
81 S. subclava'tum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1831. p. 414.)
leaves imbricated, rosulate at the tops of the branches, some-
what clavate, turgid, green, attenuated towards the apex, and
acute. 14. H. Native of North America. Flowers not seen.
From habit this species appears to come nearest S. Forsterianum.
Subclavale-leaved Stonecrop. Clt. 1 830. PI. \ foot.
82 S. stenope'talum (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 324.) stems
assurgent, glabrous ; leaves scattered, crowded, adnate-sessile,
compressed, subulate, acute ; cymes terminal, trichotomous, and
dichotomous ; spikes recurved ; flowrers sessile, decandrous ;
petals 5, linear, much longer than the calyx. 74. H. Native
of North America, on the banks of Clark’s river, and the
Kooskoosky ; and frequent on the east side of the Rocky
Mountains. Flowers golden yellow. Said to be allied to S.
reflexum.
Narrorv-petalled Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. PI. \ ft.
83 S. ccerule'scens (Haw. in. phil. mag. 1825. p. 174.)*leaves
long, spreading, subulate, acute, bluish-glaucous, flatfish above.
74. H. Native country unknown. Very like S. altissimum,
but not half the size, more bluish-glaucous ; leaves more distant,
petals more acute, pale yellow.
Blueish Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. foot.
84 S. alti'ssimum (Poir. diet. 4. p. 634.) stem fruticulose,
branched at the base ; floriferous ones erect ; leaves nearly
terete, acute, glaucous, glabrous : superior ones scattered, flatfish
above ; those of the sterile branches imbricated ; cymes branched,
many-flowered ; flowers sessile along the branches of the cyme,
which are twisted at the apex ; petals 6-8, lanceolate, acute,
spreading. 74. H. Native of the south of Europe. D. C.
pi. grass, t. 116. Sempervivum sediforme, Jacq. liort. vind. t.
81. and var. monstrosa misc. 1. p. 133. t. 5. S. fruticulosum,
Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 206. S. rufescens, Tenore, fl. neap. t. 41.
S. Nicaeense, All. ped. no. 1752. t. 90. f. 1. S. Jacquini, Haw.
in phil. mag. 1825. p. 174. S. rupestre a, Gouan. S. dioicum,
Donn, hort. cant. Flowers cream-coloured. Lobes of calyx
bluntish. A large, strong, glaucous plant.
Tallest Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1769. PI. 1 foot.
85 S. ochroleu'cum (Smith, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 7.) stem
branched ; leaves glaucous, scattered, acute : lower ones terete :
upper ones elliptic, depressed ; cymes branched, many flowered ;
flowers sessile along the branches of the cyme ; calycine seg-
ments acutish ; petals oblong-spatulate. fl. H. Native of the
south of Europe. S. altissimum ft, ochroleucum, D. C. prod. 3.
p. 408. Flowers pale yellow. Very like S. altissimum, hut
rather larger.
Cream-coloured- ft. owered Stonecrop. Fl. July. Clt. 1818.
PL 1 foot.
86 S. anope'talum (D. C. rapp. 2. p. 80. suppl. fl. fr. p.
526. mem. crass, t. 8.) stems branched at the base, erect ; leaves
nearly terete, rather depressed, loosened at the base, glaucous,
mucronate ; those of the sterile branches imbricated ; cyme 4-
cleft, corymbose ; petals lanceolate, acuminated, erect, fl . H.
Native of the south of France, on calcareous rocks, and among
stones. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 428. S. Hispanicum, D. C. fl. fr.
no. 1326. but not of Lin. S. rupestre, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 678.
but not of Lin. S. anopetalum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 435. exclu-
sive of the synonyme of Tenore. Flowers cream-coloured.
There is also a variety with orange-coloured flowers, according
to Haworth.
Upward-petalled Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. |Tt.
87 S. Urvi'llei (D. C. prod. 3. p. 408.) stems glabrous ;
erect, creeping, and branched at the base ; leaves scattered,
nearly terete, obtuse, dilated, and stem-clasping at the base ;
cyme 2-3-cleft; flowers sessile along the branches; petals acu-
minately awned. ©. H. Native of the Island of Lazaretto. S.
pallidum, D’Urv. enum. p. 51. but not of Bieb. Flowers yellow.
Capsules pale, somewhat stellate.
D'Urville’s Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
88 S. viri'dulum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1827. p. 183.) leaves
erectish, linear-subulate, green, somewhat mucronulate on one
side. fl. H. Native country unknown. Very like .S', virens,
and S. recurvatum, Willd. but the leaves are a little larger and
flatter, greener and blunter. It is less than S. anopetalum.
Small-green Stonecrop. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. L ft.
89 S. LiTOREUM (Guss. pi. rar. p. 185. t. 37. f. 2.) stem
erect, branched at the base ; branches ascending ; leaves spa-
tulate-cuneated, semiterete, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers sessile,
lateral, solitary. ©. H. Native of Calabria, among rubbish
by the sea-side. Flowers pale yellow, alternate. Petals a little
longer than the calyx, linear-lanceolate.
Sea-shore Stonecrop. PI. 2 inches high.
90 S. saxa'tile (Willd. spec. 2. p. 706.) stem erect, branched
from the base ; leaves scattered, rather remote, terete, obtuse,
loosened at the base ; cymes leafy, spreading ; flowers on short
pedicels, along the branches of the cyme ; petals oblong, mucro-
nate. ©. H. Native of Europe, among rocks; in Norway,
Germany, Switzerland, Dauphiny, Denmark, Mount Cenis, &c.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 119. Smith, fl. graec. t. 450. S. aestivum
and saxatile, All. pedem. no. 1746. and 1749. t. 65. f. 6. S.
alpestre, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 684. S. rupestre, (Ed. fl. dan. t. 59.
but not of Lin. S. CEderi, Roth. prod. fl. scand. ed. 2. no. 562.
S. annuum, Lin. spec. 620. exclusive of the character and sy-
nonymes. S. divaricatum, Lapeyr. abr. 260. but not of Ait.
S. schistosum, Lejeune, fl. spa. 1. p. 206. Herb 2-4 inches
long. Flowers yellow or pale yellow.
Rock Stonecrop. Fl, Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. ^ foot.
91 S. tene'llum (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 152.) plant glabrous,
glaucescent ; stems herbaceous, erectish ; leaves subulate, blunt-
ish, loose at the base ; those of the sterile branches imbricated;
rays of cyme short, few-flowered, coarctate ; flowers decandrous,
CRASSULACEjE. XVIII. Sedum.
121
rather shorter than the pedicels ; petals acute, longer than the
calyx ; capsule truncate at the apex, and apiculated by the short
styles. 1/ . H. Native of Caucasus, in stony places, at the alti-
tude of 3000 feet. Flowers orange-coloured.
Tender Stonecrop. PI. 1 foot.
92 S. re'pens (Schleich. in D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 525.) stems
ascending, creeping, and branched at the base ; leaves scattered,
semiterete, obtuse; cymes few-flowered ; petals ovate. 1/ . H.
Native of the higher Pyrenees. S. Guettardi, Vill. dauph. 3.
t. 45. exclusive of the synonymes. S. rubens, Haenk. sud. 114?
S. annuum, All. pedem. no. 1703.? S. Monregalense, Balb. ?
S. atratum fi, D. C. fl. fr. no. 3615. An intermediate plant be-
tween S. atratum and S. saxatile. Petals pale yellow.
Creeping Stonecrop. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. foot.
93 S. pube'scens (Vabl. symb. 2. p. 52.) stem erect, branched,
pubescent ; leaves alternate, elongated, obtuse, rather pilose
above; cymes trifid, many-flowered; petals lanceolate. ©. H.
ex Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 360. Native of Tunis, in the fissures of
rocks. Petals yellow, pubescent on the outside.
Pubescent Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
94 S. hispidum (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 361. but not of Poir.)
stem erect, branched above, hispid ; leaves scattered, nearly
terete, depressed above, spreading ; branches of cyme filiform,
rather panicled ; flowers pedicellate; petals 5-6, lanceolate,
acute. — Native of the north of Africa, on Mount Atlas. S.
Atlanticum, Pers. ench. no. 35. S. filiforme, Poir. Flowers
golden yellow.
Hispid Stonecrop. PI. -A- foot.
t Species not sufficiently known.
* Shrubby species.
95 S. nu'dum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 112.) stem shrubby,
branched, erectish ; branches twisted, glabrous ; leaves scat-
tered, oblong-cylindrical, obtuse ; cymes terminal, and are as
well as the calyxes glabrous. T? . D. G. Native of Madeira.
Petals 5, yellow, lanceolate. Scales orange-coloured, thick, and
obtuse. Leaves almost like those of S. album.
Naked Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub f foot.
96 S. laxiflorum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 409 ) stem shrubby,
branched, ascending, glabrous ; branches twisted ; leaves scat-
tered, ovate-cylindrical, thick, obtuse, glabrous ; cymes loose,
divaricate ; flowers pedicellate, beset with glandular pubescence.
. D. G. Native of TenerifFe. Petals small, apparently white.
Sepals broad.
Lax-fiowered Stonecrop. Shrub 1 foot.
97 S. oxypetalum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
45.) stem shrubby, glabrous, branched ; leaves alternate, flat,
quite entire, obovate-spatulate, rounded at the apex, and some-
what emarginate ; cymes terminal, somewhat dichotomous ;
flowers secund, sessile ; petals 5, linear, each ending in a narrow
acumen. • E. G. Native of Mexico, in gardens. Flowers
reddish.
Sharp-petalled Stonecrop. Shrub 5 feet.
98 S. denbroideum (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex
D. C. prod. 3. p. 409. mem. crass, t. 9.) stem shrubby, branched,
erect ; leaves scattered or opposite, obovate-cuneated, glabrous ;
those of the sterile branches rosulate ; thyrse panicled, much
divided ; flowers secund, sessile, bractless ; petals 5, lanceolate.
. D. G. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. Very like a
species of Sempervivum.
Tree-like Stonecrop. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
99 S. ebractea'tum (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex
D. C. prod. 3. p. 409. mem. crass, t. 6. f. /3.) stem shrubby,
fleshy, twisted at the base, creeping ; flowering stems erect ;
leaves scattered, glabrous, ovate, thick, obtuse : those of the
flowering stems spreading, those of the sterile stems imbricated ;
VOL. III.
thyrse panicled ; flowers secund, sessile, bractless : petals 5,
lanceolate. . D. G. Native of Mexico. Flowers white.
Habit of a species of Sempervivum.
Bractless Stonecrop. Shrub \ foot.
* * Herbaceous plants.
100 S. a'ltum (Clark, in Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 161.) flo-
riferous stems erect ; leaves lanceolate, acute, quite entire ;
racemes subfastigiate ; pedicels short, secund ; petals 6, lan-
ceolate.— Native of Palestine. The rest unknown.
High Stonecrop. PI. 1 foot.
101 S. Torre' yi ; leaves roundish, flat, entire, scattered ;
cymes terminal, trichotomous. 1/ . H. Native near the Rocky
Mountains. Sedum, nov. spec. Torrey. in amer. lyc. new vork.
2. p. 205.
Torrey' s Stonecrop. PI. ?
102 S. linea're (Thunb. fl. jap. 187.) stem glabrous, a little
branched ; leaves terete, linear, opposite, stem-clasping, acute,
spreading ; cyme trifid. — Native of Japan. Flowers yellow.
Ziwear-leaved Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
103 S. tene'llum (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 315.) stems
branched at the very base ; floriferous ones erect ; leaves scat-
tered, oblong, obtuse, nearly terete, loosened at the base ; corymb
simple, few-flowered ; petals 5, lanceolate-subulate, twice the
length of the calyx. ©.H. Native of Caucasus, on the alps.
Flowers smaller than those of S. album, but the colour is un-
known.
Slender- Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
104 S. arista'tum (Vill. dauph. 4. p. 680. t. 45.) stems lying
on the ground at the base : floriferous ones erect ; leaves terete,
acute at both ends, loosened at the base ; those of the sterile
stems densely imbricated ; cymes few-flowered ; petals 5, acu-
minately awned. 1/ . H. Native of Dauphiny, near Segoyer.
Petals white. Perhaps only a variety of S. anopetalum.
Awned-petdA\ed Stonecrop. PI. A to ^ foot.
105 S. pruina'tum (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 209.) stem erect,
branched at the base, glabrous, glaucous, pruinose ; leaves fleshy,
oblong, convexly flattish, loosened at the base ; cymes bifid ;
sepals and petals 6, lanceolate, acuminated, spreading. ©. H.
Native of Portugal. Sempervivum pruinatum, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 169. Colour of flowers unknown.
Frosted Stonecrop. PI. foot.
106 S. confe'rtum (Delil. fl. eg. ill. no. 451.) leaves subu-
late, scattered, crow'ded. — Native of Egypt, about Cairo. Sedum
no. 243, Forsk. fl. aegyp. p. 71. The rest unknown.
Crowded- leaved Stonecrop. PI. A foot.
107 S. Quite'nse (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 46.)
stems herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves alternate, flat above, con-
vex beneath, spatulately-lanceolate, acutish, quite entire ; ra-
cemes elongated ; flowers pedicellate ; petals 5, oblong, acu-
minated. 7/ . D. G. Native of South America, among rubbish,
near Guamcabamba, and on the walls of the town of Quito.
Flowers orange-coloured. Perhaps a species of Echeveria.
There is a variety of this plant having the leaves margined
with red.
Quito Stonecrop. PI. ^ foot.
108 S. bi'color (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 45.) stem herba-
ceous, glabrous ; leaves alternate, flat, obovate-spatulate, acutish,
quite entire ; racemes terminal, flowers pedicellate ; petals 5,
oblong, acute. 1£. D. G. Native near Caraccas, in humid
places, and among rocks at Meneses, near Pasto. Petals yellow
inside, and red or orange-coloured outside. Perhaps the flowers
are truly racemose, and the plant is therefore probably a species
of Echeveria.
Two-colour ed-fi owered Stonecrop. PI. \ foot.
109 S. Borya'num (D. C. prod. 3. p. 410.) stems naked,
R
122
CRASSULACEiE. XVIII. Sedum. XIX. Sempervivum.
erect ; flowers yellow, disposed in short recurved spikes ; leaves
linear, scale-formed, reflexed. — Native of Spain, on the rocks
called Borrequillos, in Sierra Nevada. Perhaps a species of
Sempervivum , ex Bory. ann. gen. 3. (1820.) p. 14. The rest
unknown.
Bory’s Stonecrop. PI. •§ foot.
110 S. melananthe'rum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 410.) stems weak ;
leaves ovate, attenuated at the apex; flowers in corymbose
panicles. — Native of Spain, in Sierra Nevada, on the rocks of
Borrequillos. Flowers small, densely panicled, rather sweet
scented. Anthers black. The rest unknown.
Black- anther ed Stonecrop. PI. A foot.
■f Species only known by name.
1 S. stoloniferum (Gmel. itin. 3. t. 35. f. 2.).
2 S. lilidceum (Led. ex Steud. nom.).
3 S. procumbens (Schrank, bav. p. 726.).
4 S. Monregalense (Balb.).
N.B. Rhodiola biternata, Lour. coch. p. 627. is totally dif-
ferent from Rhodiola , Lin. and is perhaps a plant belonging to
Sapindacece.
Cult. The greater part of the species being quite hardy, and
all succulent, they therefore succeed best on rock-work, for which
they are well adapted. Some of the rarer kinds may be grown
in small pots. They succeed best in light, sandy soil, or one com-
posed of loam and brick rubbish. All are readily increased
by cuttings. The seeds of the annual species only require to
be sown on rockwork. There are a few of the species marked
greenhouse ; these will reqiflre the same treatment as that re-
commended for the species of Globulea, see p. 106.
XIX. SEMPERVPVUM (from semper vivo, to live for ever ;
the tenacity of life of the Houseleek tribe is well known). Lin.
gen. no. 612. Lam. ill. t. 413. D. C. in bull, philom. no. 49.
prod. 3. p. 411.
Lin. syst. Dodecdndria, Dodecagynia. Calyx 6-20-parted.
Petals 6-20, oblong, acute. Stamens double the number of the
petals. Scales at base of carpels toothed or jagged at the apex.
Carpels equal in number to the petals. — Herbs sometimes stem-
less, with young plants rising from the axils ; or caulescent,
without any young plants ; or shrubby and fleshy. Leaves
usually revolute. Branches of cymes sometimes disposed into
a corymb, and sometimes into a panicle. Petals yellow, white,
or purplish.
Sect. I. Chronobium (xporoc, chronos, time, and (3ioin, bioo, to
live ; plants living only for a time, and are not so tenacious of
life as those of the following section). D. C. pi. rar. gard. gen.
no. 21. Young plants, none from the axils. Flowers usually
yellow, rarely white. Species all natives of the Canary Islands.
* Shrubby species.
1 S. aizoides (Lam. diet. 3. p. 290.) stem frutescent, erect,
branched ; leaves scattered, obovate, flat, quite entire, glabrous ;
flowers corymbose ; petals 5-8, spreading. \ . D. G. Native
of Madeira. Sedum aizoides, D. C. pi. grass, t. 4. Sedum
divaricatum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 108. Perhaps
also Anacampseros divaricata, Haw. syn. p. 113.? Flowers
yellow.
Aizoon-like Houseleek. FI. May, Jul. Clt. ? Shrub 1 ft.
2 S. tortuosum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 148.) stem
frutescent, erect, branched ; leaves obovate-spatulate, scattered,
rather convex beneath ; petals 7-8, spreading ; scales 2-lobed.
. D. G. Native of the Canary Islands. Curt. bot. mag. t.
296. D. C. pi. grass, t. 156. Flowers yellow. Leaves 11-12
lines long and 4-5 lines broad.
8
Twisted Houseleek. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1779. Sh. | to | ft.
3 S. villosum (Haw. syn. p. 166. rev. 65. but not of Ait.)
stem frutescent, erectish, twisted; leaves obovate, crowded,
gibbous beneath, villous ; scales of flower fringed. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Canary Islands. Flowers yellow. Leaves 5
lines long and 3 lines broad. S. villosum, Ait. is referrible to
S. stellatum.
Villous Houseleek. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1777. Sh. ^ to ft.
4 S. cilia'tum (Willd. enum. 1. p. 508. mem. crass, t. 10.)
stem frutescent, glabrous ; leaves oblong-obovate, somewhat spa-
tulate, mucronate, cartilaginously ciliated ; thyrse panicled, having
the branches crowded, with flowers at the apex ; petals 6-7.
1 ? • D. G. Native of the Canary Islands. Coll. hort. rip.
append. 4. t. 7. Flowers pale yellow.
Ciliated- leaved Houseleek. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 to 11 feet.
5 S. glandulosum (Ait. 1. c. p. 148.) stem frutescent ; leaves
orbicularly spatulate, with clammy margins ; glands globose ;
scales of flower wedge-shaped, truncate. Tj . D. G. Native
of Madeira. Flowers yellow. Glands fringed, yellow, ex Haw.
rev. p. 65.
Glandular Houseleek. FI. Mar. May. Clt. 1777. Shrub
^ to 1 foot.
6 S. glutinosum (Ait. 1. c. p.
147.) stem frutescent; leaves
cuneiform, viscid, rather scat-
tered, fringed with adpressed,
cartilaginous ciliae ; petals 8-10.
Tj. D. G. Native of Madeira.
Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 4. t. 464.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1963. Ker.
bot. reg. t. 278. Branches of
panicle loose. Flowers golden
yellow. The stem rises to the
height of 2 feet, and even more,
according to Prince de Salm-
Dyck. The fishermen of Ma-
deira rub their nets with the
fresh leaves of this species, by
which they are rendered as du-
rable as if tanned, provided they are steeped in some alkaline
liquor, (f. 30.)
Clammy Flouseleek. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
7 S. u'rbicum (C. Smith, mss. Horn, suppl. p. 66. Haw. in
phil. mag. 1827. p. 125.) stem frutescent, erect, leafy at the
top ; leaves broad, cuneiform, glabrous, cartilaginously ciliated
on the margins, running into the petiole at the base, broad and
blunt at the apex, and ending in a small point. Ij . D. G. Na-
tive of the Canary Islands, on the walls of towns and the roofs
of houses. Leaves green. Flowers yellow. Perhaps the same
as S. laiifolium. Hoffra. verz. 2. p. 208. Haworth’s plant is
probably the same as that of Hornemann.
City Houseleek. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
8 S. retu'sum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1827. p. 125.) stem fru-
tescent, simple, leafy at the apex ; leaves broadly cuneated, ex-
panded, smooth, ciliated, somewhat cuneated at the apex, trun-
cate and retuse. Tj . D. G. Native of TenerifFe, on walls and
the roofs of houses. Flowers yellow. Very like S. urbicum,
but differs in the form of the leaves.
Retuse-leaxed Houseleek. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
9 S. arboreum (Lin. spec. p. 664.) stem arborescent, smooth,
branched ; leaves cuneiform, glabrous, ciliated, spreading and
rosulate at the tops of the branches ; panicle loose ; petals 9-11.
Tj . D. G. Native of Portugal, Barbary, Candia, &c. Bradl.
succ. pi. 1. t. 31. Ker. bot. reg. 99. D. C. pi. grass, t. 125.
FIG. 30.
CRASSULACEiE.
XIX. Sempervivum.
123
Smith, fl. graec. 473. Shrub from 3-6 feet. Flowers golden
yellow.
Var. (3, variegatum ; leaves margined with white or purple.
Tree Houseleek. Fl. Mar. Dec. Clt. 1640. Sh. 3 to 6 ft.
10 S. frute'scens (Haw. phil. mag. 1827. p. 125.) stem
shrubby, simple ; leaves crowded in a rosulate manner at the
tops of the branches, spatulately cuneated, green, ciliated.
Tj . D. G. Native of Teneriffe. Flowers yellow. Very like
S. arboreum, but the plant is not above half a foot high.
Frutescent Houseleek. Fl. Mar. Dec. Clt. 1 824. PI. to 1 ft.
11 S. tabuljEforme (Haw. suppl. p. 69. rev. 63.) stem fru-
tescent, erect, simple ; leaves spatulate, flat, ciliated, atten-
uated at the base, crowded at the top of the stem, and form-
ing a rosulate flat disk, in consequence of the leaves being
so closely imbricated over each other. T2 • D. G. Native of
Madeira. Stems branching after the first time of flowering.
Petals 10-12, linear-lanceolate, very pale sulphur-coloured.
Glands minute, pedunculate.
Table-formed, Houseleek. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft.
12S. Canarie'nse (Lin. spec. p. 664.) stem short, frutes-
cent ; radical leaves expanded, rosulate, obovately-spatulate,
villous, large ; leaves scattered along the flowering stem, ovate ;
branches of panicle expanded ; flowers pedicellate ; petals 9-10.
Tj . D. G. Native of the Canary Islands. — Comm. hort. amst.
2. t. 95. D. C. pi. grass, t. 141. Petals white, linear.
Canary-Island Houseleek. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1699. Sh. 1^ ft.
13 S. Smi'thii (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1980.) stems frutescent,
erect, hispid ; leaves scattered, obovate, acuminated, flat, con-
cave, a little spotted ; branches of panicle revolute at the points,
bearing sessile flowers on the upper side ; petals 12. T? . D. G.
Native of the Canary Islands. S. foliosum, C. Smith, hort.
berol. p. 38. Petals pale yellow, oval-oblong, spreading. Glands
wanting, ex Haw. rev. p. 63.
Smith's Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 ft.
14 S. barba'tum (C. Smith, in hort. ber. p. 37.) stem frutes-
cent ; leaves ovate-spatulate, acute, with cartilaginously ciliated
margins, marked with brown lines on both surfaces ; flowers
panicled ; petals 6. J? . D. G. Native of the Canary Islands.
S. lineolare, Haw. suppl. p. 69. rev. p. 65. S. spatulatum,
Horn, suppl. j). 60. Flowers yellow.
Var. (3 , hybridum (Salm-Dyck. and Haw.) all parts of plant
larger.
Bearded Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
15 S. CjESPitosum (C. Smith, in hort. berol. p. 38.) stem fru-
tescent, very short, at length a little branched, leafy at the apex ;
leaves oblong-linear, glabrous, stiffly ciliated, marked with brown
lines on both surfaces, crowded in a rosulate manner, but the
cauline ones are scattered ; flowers in cymose corymbs, with
the branchlets dichotomous; petals 7-8, spreading. . D. G.
Native of the Grand Canary Island, on rocks on the highest
mountains. D. C. rapp. jard. bot. 1822. no. 13. S. ciliitre,
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1978. but not of Willd. S. ciliare, Haw\
rev. p. 64. S. Simsii, Sw’eet, hort. suburb, p. 230. S. barba-
turn, Horn, suppl. p. 61. but not of Smith. Flowers yellow.
This plant survived 18 months in paper in the herbarium of C.
Smith, and afterwards when put into the earth grew
Tufted Houseleek. Fl. Apr. Sept. Clt. 1815.
Sh. a foot.
* * Herbaceous plants.
16 S. dodranta'le (Willd. enum. p. 508.) stem herbaceous,
erect, glabrous ; leaves flat, glabrous, quite entire ; radical ones
obovate, attenuated at the base, disposed in a spreading rosulate
manner : cauline ones erect, oval, sessile, obtuse at both ends ;
cymes corymbose ; petals 20. $ . D. G. Native of the Ca-
naries. D. C. mem. crass, t. 11. Pedicels puberulous. Co-
rymbs few-flowered. Petals linear ; pale when dried.
Nine-inch Houseleek. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. a ft.
17 S. au'eeum (C. Smith, in hort. berol. p. 37.) stem herba-
ceous, erect, glabrous ; leaves obovate-spatulate, with membrana-
ceously cartilaginous, quite entire margins, glaucous; branches of
panicle dichotomous, many-flowered ; petals 20. $ . or Pj • D.
G. Native of Teneriffe, on the mountains*. S. calyciforme, Haw.
suppl. p. 69. Ker. bot. reg. t. 892. Flowers yellow. Petals
linear, and are as well as stamens 20, and the pistils are nu-
merous, according to C. Smith. Perhaps the same as S. do -
nvffwtflip W llln
Golden Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 foot.
18 S. functa'tum (C. Smith, in Buch. can. p. 155.) stem
herbaceous, erect, branched ; leaves scattered, obovate, petio-
late, flat, glabrous, crenated on the margin at the top, dotted in
the recesses of the crenae ; panicle loose ; pedicels puberulous ;
petals 6-9. ©. $. D. G. Native of the Canary Islands.
D. C. mem. crass, t. 12. Petals oval, acute, yellow.
Dotted- leaved Houseleek. PI. 1 foot.
19 S. stella'tum (Smith, in Lin. soc. trans. 1. p. 251.) stem
herbaceous, erect, branched, puberulous ; leaves scattered, ob-
long, spatulately cuneiform, obtuse, villous ; flowers panicled ;
petals 6-8, spreading ; scales palmate, with subulate lobes.
©. D. G. Native of Madeira. S. villosum, Ait. hort. kew.
ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 148. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1809. Flowers golden
yellow. Herb 6-8 inches high.
Stellate Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1790. PI. •§• foot.
20 S. dichotomum (D. C. jard. gen. t. 21.) stem herbaceous,
terete, erect, dichotomous, beset with soft spreading hairs ; leaves
obovately spatulate, tapering into the petiole, dotted with soft
villi ; flowers in loose corymbs ; petals 8-9, spreading ; scales of
flower 2-lobed, small. $ . D. G. Native of the Canary Is-
lands, among rocks. S.laxum, Haw. rev. 65. Nearly allied to
S. hirtum, ex Buch. cat. Flowers yellow. This plant is nearly
allied to S. tortudsum, but differs in being herbaceous.
Dichotomous Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. -§• ft.
21 S. pygMje'um (C. Smith, in Buch. can. p. 155.) stemdecli-
nate, few-leaved, 1 -flowered ; leaves spatulate, attenuated at
the base, retuse, hairy ; calyx villous ; petals awned. — Native of
the Island of Lancerotta. Flowers small, yellow. Plant hardly
an inch high. The rest unknown.
Pygmy Houseleek. PI. 1 inch.
Sect. II. Joyiba'rba ( Jupiter , Jovis, Jupiter, and barba, a
beard; Jupiter’s beard ; application not evident). D. C. pi. rar.
gen. no. 21. obs. prod. 3. p. 413. Young plants rising from the
axils of the lower leaves. Flowers purplish or pale yellow. —
European species.
* Flowers yellowish.
22 S. hi'rtcm (Lin. spec. p. 605.) leaves somewhat ciliated ;
young plants globose ; petals 6, erect, fringed. 7/ . H. Native
of Thuringia and Carinthia, on walls ; and in woods about Mos-
cow. D. C. pi. grass, t. 107. S. soboliferum, Sims, bot. mag.
t. 1457. S. globiferum, Hoppe, cent. Haw. rev. p. 67. Jacq.
aust. 5. p. 50. append, t. 40. Leaves of the flowering,
stems lanceolate, imbricate, loose, disposed in 3 spiral series.
Offsets falling off of themselves. Petals pale cream-coloured,
twice the length of the calyx.
Hairy House-leek. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. PI. ■§• foot.
23 S. globi'ferum (Lin. 1. c.) leaves ciliated ; offsets rather
contracted; petals 15-20, spreading, very long. %. H. Native
of Vallais, on rocks ; and probably of Austria. Curt. bot. mag.
t. 507. Schrad. icon. 95. t. 26. S. grandiflorum, Haw. rev. 66.
Petals yellowish, 3 times longer than the calyx.
Var. (3; offsets rather loose ; petals 12. 7/ . H. Sims, bot.
mag. 2115. More villous and pale than the species.
r 2
124
CRASSULACEAE. XIX. Sempervivuh.
Globe-bearing or Hen and Chicken House-leek. FI. Ju. Jul.
Clt. 1731. PI. \ to 1 foot.
* * Flowers purplish.
24 S. tectorum (Lin. spec. p. 664.) leaves ciliated ; offsets
spreading ; petals 5-9, spreading ; scales of flowers cuneiform,
carunculate. 2/ . H. Native of Europe, on rocks and roofs of
houses ; also in many parts of Britain, on walls and cottage
roofs, but perhaps not properly indigenous. D. C. pi. grass, t.
104. Smith, engl. bot. 1320. Curt. lond. 3. t. 29. Oed. fl. dan.
601. Blackw. t. 366. Sedum tectorum, Scop. cam. ed. 2. no.
529. Flowers purplish. Stamens sometimes changed into car-
pels according to Pet. Thouars, in bull. phil. nov. 1807. The
juice of the common house-leek either applied by itself, or mixed
with cream, gives present relief in burns, and other external in-
flammations ; it is also said to cure corns. With honey it is a
useful application in the thrush. Boerhaave found 10 ounces of
the juice beneficial in dysenteries, and others have found it use-
ful in gonorrhoeas ; but it is not admitted into modern practice.
The house-leek had several names formerly, as sengreen and
aygreen, both translations of Sempervivum. It has also been
called jupiter's eye, bullock’s eye, and Jupiter's beard. In Ger-
man it is called hauswurz ; in French la grande joubarbe, and in
Italian sempervivo maggiore.
Roof or Common House-leek. Fl. June, Sept. Britain.
PL 1 foot.
25 S. flagelliforme (Fisch. in Link, enum. 2. p. 20.) leaves
ovate, mucronate, papillose, with papillously ciliated margins ;
offsets spreading, lateral ; branches of cyme bifid. 2/ . H. Na-
tive of Siberia. Allied to S. montanum, but differs in being
larger, and in the offsets being at the ends of long flagellae. The
leaves of the offsets terminate in a stiff brown point ; cauline
leaves narrower. Corolla reddish.
Flagelliform Houseleek. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
to | foot.
26 S. monta'num (Lin. spec. p. 665.) leaves of the offsets
obovate-oblong, shortly acuminated, beset with glandular pubes-
cence on both surfaces, obsoletely ciliated, entire, pubes-
cent; offsets rather contracted; flowers rotate; petals 10-14,
lanceolate, acuminated, spreading, 3 times longer than the calyx,
scales of flowers small, nearly quite entire ; style discoloured at
the apex. 2/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees and the Alps of Eu-
rope, &c. on rocks. D. C. pi. grass, t. 105. Jacq. fl. aust. 5.
append, t. 41. Flowers deep red. This species differs from S.
tectorum in the smaller stature, and in the nectariferous scales
being almost wanting ; and from S. arachnoideum in the absence
of the cobwebbed wool. Scales of flower square and retuse.
Mountain House-leek. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1752. Pl.-jto-|ft.
27 S. Fu'nkii (Braun, in bot. zeit. Jan. 1832. p. 4. t. 1.)
leaves of the offsets oblong, shortly acuminated, beset with glan-
dular pubescence on both surfaces, with ciliated margins ; flowers
rotate ; petals lanceolate, acuminated, about 3 times longer than
the calyx ; germens dilated, ovate; style discoloured at the apex.
%. H. Native of the Alps of Europe, as in Switzerland, Pied-
mont, &c.
Funk's House-leek. Fl. June, July. Clt.? PI. \ foot.
28 S. arachnoideum (Lin. spec. 665.) leaves covered with
interwoven cobwebbed hairs or wool ; offsets globose ; petals
8-9, spreading ; scales of flower truncately emarginate. H.
Native of the Alps of Europe and the Pyrenees, &c. among
rocks. D. C. pi. grass, t. 106. Curt. bot. mag. t. 68. Jacq.
austr. 5. append, t. 42. Flowers purple.
Cobwebbed House-leek. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1699. PI. ^ ft.
29 S. pu'milum (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 381.) leaves lanceolate,
acute, ciliated by long hairs; offsets globose; stem few- flowered;
petals 12, hairy. If. . H. Native of Caucasus, at the torrent of
Terek, on rocks. Flowers red. Very like S. arachnoideum, but
differs in the hairs on the leaves being distinct, not cobwebbed.
Dwarf House-leek. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. £ foot.
30 S. tenuifolium (Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 335. fl. graec.
t. 474.) leaves subulate: lower ones dilated at the base, and
sheathing ; cauline ones adnate, sessile, prolonged at the base ;
flowers with 7-10 styles; offsets cylindrical. 2£. H. Native
of Calabria, on arid hills. Sedum rostratum, Ten. fl. nap. prim,
p. 26. Sedum amplexicaule, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 526. Sedum
carinatum, Link. Sempervivum anomalum, Lag. ex Spreng.
Petals yellow. More the habit of a Sedum than a Sempervivum,
and has much the habit of Sedum rupestre.
Fine-leaved House-leek. PI. foot.
Sect. III. Mona'nthes (from govog, monos, one, and avSog,
anthos, a flower ; flowers one on each peduncle). Haw. rev. succ.
p. 68. D. C. prod. 3. p. 414. Real offsets none. Leaves clavate,
crowded in a somewhat rosulate manner. Flowers purple.
Glands large, orbicularly cochleate, serrulated when examined
through a lens, one-half shorter than the petals, but 4 times
broader, and rufous. Haw. — A very small nearly stemless
herb.
31 S. mona'nthes (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 149.)
leaves terete, clavated, glabrous, crowded in a rosulate manner ;
peduncles naked, generally 1-flowered, rarely few-flowered;
petals 6-9, hardly longer than the calyx ; scales of flower obcor-
date. 2/ . D. G. Native of the Canary Islands. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 93. D. C. pi. grass, t. 157. Monanthes polyphylla,
Haw. rev. p. 68. Flowers small, purplish. Plant tufted.
One-flowered House-leek. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1777. PI. 1
or 2 inches.
■f Species hardly known.
32 S. Africa'num (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 7.) margins of leaves
serrately toothed; offsets spreading. %. D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Haw. syn. p. 367. This species has
never been seen except by Miller ; it is therefore doubtful.
Sprengel says it is the same as S. arbbreum.
African House-leek. Clt. 1768. Shrub.
33 S. ? Seguie'ri (D. C. prod. 3. p. 414.) stem herbaceous,
erect ; leaves opposite, obovate. — Native on Mount Baldo.
Sedum pertrae'um, &c. Scarella in Seg. ver. 2. p. 360. t. 17. S.
stellatum, Poll. fl. ver. 2. p. 114. exclusive of the synonyme of
Smith. It is probably a variety of Sedum dasyphyllum, but the
flowers are said to be yellow. The plant is therefore very
doubtful.
Seguier's House-leek. PI. ^ foot?
34 S. ? Hispa'nicum (Willd. enum. p. 508.) leaves subulate,
semi-terete, ciliated, imbricated ; cymes bifid. 2£. H. Native
of Spain. The rest unknown. Perhaps a species of Sedum.
Spanish House-leek. PI. to \ foot.
35 S. ceavicula'tum, Sieb. J These two species are only
36 S. muta'bile, Schlecht. $ known by name.
Cult. The greenhouse kinds of house-leek are chiefly natives
of the Canary Islands. A mixture of sand, loam, and brick-rub-
bish is a good soil for them ; and care must be taken not to give
them too much water when not in flower. Cuttings taken off the
plants, and laid to dry a few days, will strike root freely without
any covering of glass. Cuttings of some species are difficult to
obtain, such as of S. tabuliforme, &c. ; the best way in such cases
is to cut the top out, and lateral shoots will be immediately
produced. The hardy kinds are well fitted for rock-work, or
to grow on walls ; and they are easily increased by the offsets,
which are issued in great abundance. A light soil suits them
best.
Tribe II.
CRASSULA'CEAE ANO'MALAE (the plants contained in this
CRASSULACEJE. XX. Diamorpha. XXI. Penthorum. FICOIDE^E. I. Mesembryanthemum.
125
tribe are anomalous in the order, in consequence of the carpels
being united into a many-celled capsule, and dehiscing on the
outside). D. C. prod. 3. p. 414. Carpels united at the base into
a many-celled capsule.
XX. DIAMORPHA (from SiapopQou), diamorphoo, to de-
form ; in reference to the fruit, which is formed differently and
contrary to the rest of the order). Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 293.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 414.
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Tetragynia. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4.
Stamens 8. Carpels 4, united at the base, but diverging at the
apex, cuspidate, opening on the outside, usually containing about
4 seeds. — A small biennial herb, with the branches disposed in
whorles from the base. Flowers small, white, disposed in cymes.
Leaves alternate, nearly terete.
1 D. pusi'lla (Nutt. 1. c.) $ . H. F. Native of North
Carolina, about Camden, among moss on rocks. Sedum pusil-
lum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 276. Tillae'a cymosa, Nutt. gen.
amer. 1. p. 110.
Small Diamorpha. PI. 1 inch.
Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a pot, filled
with peat, and the plants need not be shifted into other pots ; but
be preserved through the winter by a frame.
XXI. PENTHO'RUM (from TtevTt, pente, five, and opog,
horos, a boundary ; in reference to the 5 beaks which terminate
the capsule). Lin. gen. no. 580. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 312. t. 65.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 414.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
5. Stamens 10. Scales wanting? Carpels 5, united at the
base, in a 5-beaked 5-celled capsule, which is pentagonal at the
apex, and opening under the beaks. Seeds numerous, small,
fixed on every side of the broad placenta, and probably exalbu-
minous. — Erect perennial herbs, with scattered, membranous,
oblong-linear, unequally serrated leaves : and unilateral cymes,
which are turned back at the points.
1 P. sedioides (Lin. spec. p. 620.) stem a little branched ;
leaves lanceolate ; cymes numerous, panicled, many-flowered ;
seeds scobiform. 1/ . H. Native of North America, in bogs,
from New England to Carolina, and on La Grande Chaudiere.
Lin. act. ups. 1744. t. 2. Lam. ill. t. 390. Flowers white or
pale yellow'.
Slonecrop-like Penthorum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1768. PI. 1 ft.
2 P. Chine'nse (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 323. in obs.)
stem simple ; leaves long, linear-lanceolate ; cymes few, corym-
bose, few- flowered ; seeds ovate, horny. 1£. H. Native of
China. D. C. mem. crass, pi. 13. Very like P. sedioides, but
the seeds are certainly distinct. Stems, as in it, terete at the
base, and angular at the apex.
China Penthorum. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species of this genus grow freely in light sandy
soil, and are easily increased by dividing at the roots. Cuttings
also strike freely under a hand-glass. P. Chinensis, if ever it
should be introduced to the gardens, will require protection in
winter until its hardiness be ascertained.
Order CXIV. FICOI'DEjE (plants agreeing in character
with Mesembryanthemum, or Fig-marygold, in particular charac-
ters). Juss. gen. p. 315. diet. sc. nat. 16. p. 528. D. C. prod.
3. p. 415.
Calyx constantly of a definite number of sepals, usually 5, but
varying from 4 to 8, more or less united at the base, either co-
hering with the ovarium, or almost distinct from it, equal or un-
equal, quincuncial or valvate in aestivation. Petals indefinite,
coloured, narrow, a little combined at the base, sometimes want-
ing, but in that case the inside of the calyx is coloured. Stamens
indefinite, arising from the calyx, distinct ; anthers oblong, in-
cumbent. Ovarium distinct, or adnate to the calyx, many-
celled, crowned by numerous distinct stigmas. Capsule either
girded by the fleshy calyx or naked, usually many-celled, but
often 5-celled, opening in a stellate manner at the apex. Seeds
attached to the inner angle of the cells, definite or indefinite.
Embryo lying on the outside of a mealy albumen, curved. —
Shrubby or herbaceous plants, variable in habit. Leaves fleshy,
opposite, simple. Flowers usually terminal.
The curved embryo and mealy albumen, along w'ith the
superior calyx, and distinctly perigynous stamens, characterise
these among their neighbours, independently of their succulent
habit. With Crassulacece, Chenopodece, and Caryopliyllece they
are more or less closely related. Reaumuriece and Nitrariacece
are families different in affinity. The hottest sandy plains in the
Cape of Good Hope nourish the largest part of this order. A
few are found in the south of Europe, north of Africa, Chili,
China, Peru, and the South Seas, The succulent leaves of a
few of the species are eaten, as of Tetragonia expansa, Mesem-
brycinthemum edule, and Sesuvium portulacdstrum ; others yield an
abundance of soda. Mesembryanthemum nodiflbrum is used in
the manufacture of Moroquin leather.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Mesembrya'nthemum. Calyx of 5, rarely of 2-8 sepals.
Petals indefinite, linear. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the top
of the calyx along with the petals. Capsule adnate to the calyx,
from 4 to many-celled ; cells many-seeded.
2 Tetragonia. Calyx 4, rarely 3-cleft ; lobes coloured in-
side. Petals w'anting. Stamens variable in number. Capsule
3-8-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
3 Sesu'vium. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes coloured inside. Petals
wanting. Stamens 15-30, inserted in the top of the tube of the
calyx. Capsule 3, rarely 4-5-celled ; cells many-seeded.
4 Aizoon. Calyx 5-parted, coloured inside. Petals want-
ing. Stamens about 20, inserted in the bottom of the calyx,
3-5 in each fascicle. Capsule 5-celled ; cells many-seeded.
5 Glinus. Calyx 5-parted, .coloured inside, with 3 inner
sepals and 2 outer ones. Petals 5-20, tongue-shaped, 2-4-cleft
at the apex. Capsule covered by the calyx, 5-celled; cells
many-seeded.
6 Ory'gia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals numerous (20), lanceolate.
Stamens indefinite. Capsule globose, 5-celled, many-seeded.
I. MESEMBRYA'NTHEMUM (from pe. 329. Old stems procumbent.
Leaves connate at the base , long, semiterete or cylindrical.
93 M. procu'mbens (Haw. rev. 111.) stems flexuous, pro-
cumbent ; leaves by pairs, recurved, corniculate, semi-cylindri-
cally triquetrous, glaucescent. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. M. dubium, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 22. Allied
to M. tricolor, but the leaves are shorter and more expanded, &c.
Procumbent Fig-marigold. FI. Mar. May. Clt. 1820. PI. pr.
94 M. tricolorum (Haw. obs. 233. misc. 39. syn. 232. rev.
111. ) stems prostrate; branches distant; leaves exactly cylin-
drical, acute, green ; stigmas 20, short, expanded. J? • D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. stramineum, Willd.
enum. p. 533. ex Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 22. Flowers large, shin-
ing. Petals straw-coloured, blood-coloured at the base ; anthers
brown ; stigmas green.
Three-coloured- dowered Fig-marigold. FI. Apr. May. Clt.
1794. PI. pr.
95 M. furpu'reo-a'lbum (Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p.
329.) branches short, angular, prostrate, furrowed, yellowish ;
leaves green, triquetrously semi-cylindrical, full of little dots,
upper ones crowded. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Peduncles filiform. Flowers showy ; petals white, po-
lished, naked, with abroad, dark, purple line. Styles 10, reddish.
Purple and wA?v\\ov,
phyllon, a leaf ; in reference to the small leaves of the species).
Salm-Dyck, obs. 33. Haw. rev. 134. syn. 297. exclusive of some
species. Plants small, suffruticose, much branched; branches
very humble, procumbent, divaricate. Leaves very small, con-
nate, triquetrous, mucronate, crowded, remaining on the plant
even when dried. Flowers solitary, small, reddish.
167 M. microphy'llum (Haw. obs. 417. syn. 297. rev. 134.)
stem short, densely branched, decumbent ; leaves connate, tri-
quetrous, acuminated, a little awned, green, dotted, pustulate on
the inside at the base ; flowers solitary on short peduncles. T? .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small,
reddish. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5-6, green, with spreading
subulate tops.
Small-leaved Fig-marigold. FI. May. Clt. 1795. Sh. dec.
168 M. mucrona'tum (Haw. misc. 73. syn. 297. rev. 134.)
stem very short, erect, branched ; leaves oblong-ovate, trique-
trous at the apex, connate at the base, glaucescent, terminating
in a white mucrone, coarsely dotted. Jj. D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Leaves 3 lines long.
MucronateAeaxeA Fig-marigold. Clt. 1794. Sh. J to 4 ft.
169 M. pygm^'um (Haw. suppl. 99. rev. 134.) stem very
short, branched ; leaves connate at the base, oblong-ovate, semi-
terete, awnless, in winter united nearly to the top. 1? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown, but pro-
bably pale red.
Pygmy Fig-marigold. Clt. 1805. Shrub foot.
170 M. pulche'llum (Haw. misc. 72. syn. 298.) stems de-
cumbent ; leaves acutely triquetrous, with equal sides, somewhat
boat-shaped, hoary, obsoletely dotted, ciliated with pubescence
on the angles, but especially on the keel, terminating in a re-
curved mucrone. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
M. can^scens, Haw. rev. 135. M. pulchellum, Willd. enum.
587. Corollas small, red. Stigmas 5, subulate, longer than the
filaments, greenish, recurved at the apex.
FICOIDEiE. I. Mesembryanthemum. 139
Var.fi , revolution (Haw. rev. p. 135.) branches secund, re-
curved.
Neat Fig-marigold. FI. April. Clt. 1793. Shrub dec.
§ 32. Scdbrida (a dim. of scaber, rough ; rough or scabrous
leaves). Haw. misc. 71. — Scabra, Salm-Dyck, obs. 27. — Asperi-
fdlia, Han. rev. 138. Stems suffruticose ; branches expanded,
filiform. Leaves more or less triquetrous, rather compressed, sca-
brous from dots, usually a little incurved. Flowers pedunculate,
reddish, middle-sized.
* Stamens collected.
171 M. soa'brum (Lin. spec. 692.) stem shrubby, branched;
leaves rather triquetrous, green, straight, very rough from shin-
ing warts ; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminated ; petals crenated at
the apex ; stamens collected. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 251. — Haw. obs. 345. misc. 71.
syn. 267. rev. 138. Flowers rose-coloured.
Var. fi, purpureum ; flowers purple.
Scabrous Fig-marigold. FI. July. Clt. 1731. Sh. 1 foot.
172 M. versi'color (Haw. misc. 71. syn. 268. rev. 139.)
stem shrubby, branched ; leaves almost triquetrous, glaucescent,
scabrous from warts ; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminated ; petals
somewhat bidentate at the apex ; stamens collected. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals variable, expanding
in the heat of the sun, of a shining white or silvery colour, but
when closed in the morning and evening they are pale reddish.
Party-coloured-^ ovvered Fig-marigold. FI. May, Aug. Clt.
1795. Shrub 1 foot.
173 M. retrofle'xum (Haw. misc. 71. syn. 269. rev. 139.)
stem suffruticose ; branches decumbent ; bark white ; leaves
rather triquetrous, very glaucous, scabrous ; lobes of calyx re-
troflexed ; petals distant ; stamens collected. T? . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. M. emarginatoides, Haw. obs.
343. M. leptaleum, Haw. rev. 140. and perhaps M. elegans,
Jacq. schcenbr. 4. p. 18. which is referred to by the Prince de
Salm-Dyck, and therefore it is M. deflexum of Salm-Dyck, obs.
27. but not of Haworth. Petals reddish.
Retroflexed-caXynedL Fig-marigold. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1724.
Shrub dec.
174 M. i'mbricans (Haw. suppl. p. 94.) stem erect, shrubby ;
leaves linear, obsoletely triquetrous, smoothish, of a whitish
glaucous-colour, imbricately crowded at the tops of the canes-
cent branches. . Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers red. Said to be allied to M. retroflexum.
Imbricating- leaved Fig-marigold. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 1 foot.
175 M. defle'xum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 187.) stems shrubby,
rather crowded, deflexed ; leaves rather triquetrous, glaucous,
roughish, attenuated downwards ; petals numerous, much imbri-
cated ; stamens collected. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Haw. obs. 347. misc. 71. syn. 269. exclusive of
the synonymes, rev. 140. There are two varieties of this species,
the one having the petals pale reddish and purple at the base,
the other having the petals of a deeper colour.
Z)e/?ea;ed-branched Fig-marigold. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 1 foot.
* * Stamens expanded.
176 M. polya'nthum (Haw. syn. 270. rev. 140.) branches
bushy, expanded, crowded ; bark on young stems rufous ; leaves
small, glaucous, triquetrous, scabrous ; flowers very numerous,
panicled ; petals imbricated. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers small, very pale red. M. flexile, Haw.
rev. 141. is only a variety of this species in a younger state,
which has been confirmed by Salm-Dyck.
Many-flowered Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub
1 to 1-|- foot.
177 M. polyphyTeum (Haw. rev. 141.) branches bushy, de-
cumbent, assurgent ; leaves much glomerated, rather robust,
somewhat incurvedly recurved, clavately and bluntly trique-
trous, compressed, scabrous from dots, glaucous. 1? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale red. Sta-
mens expanded, as in M. emarginatum. Like M. deflexum, but
double the size.
Many-leaved Fig-marigold. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1819. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
178 M. viola'ceum (D. C. pi. grass, t. 84.) stem shrubby,
erect ; branches expanded ; leaves triquetrously semi-terete,
rough from dots, acute, glaucous; peduncles 1-flowered, naked
or bracteate at the very base ; lobes of calyx spreading, unarmed,
but prickle-formed. Tj • D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Haw. rev. 141. M. parvifolium, Lam. diet. 2. p. 482.
exclusive of the synonymes. M. puniceum, Jacq. schcenbr. t.
442. Flowers flesh-coloured, expanding in the heat of the sun.
Stamens not collected, but rather expanded.
Fio/aceows-branched Fig-marigold. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
179 M. emargina'tum (Lin. spec. 692.) branches expanded;
leaves triquetrous, scabrous, glaucescent ; peduncles bibracteate ;
lobes of calyx unarmed, but spine-formed; petals deeply emar-
ginated at the apex. T? • D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 250. — Haw. obs. 340. misc. 70. syn. 268.
rev. 142. Flowers pale red, like those of M. violaceum. Sta-
mens expanded.
Emarginate-petdWeA. Fig-marigold. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1732.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ 33. Bracteata (bracteatus, bracteate ; flowers girded by
bracteas). Salm-Dyck, obs. 28. Haw. rev. 143. — Adunca Inclau-
dentia, Han. syn. 288. Stems erect, shrubby; branches much
compressed. Leaves distinct, triquetrous, hooked at the apex,
more or less scabrous from dots. Flowers girded by 2-4 broadly
ovate keeled bracteas, which clasji the calyx, solitary, reddish,
always expanded; inner petals thread-formed.
180 M. bractea'tum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 185.) stem
shrubby, erect ; branches compressed, of a reddish brown
colour ; leaves green, triquetrous ; bracteas 4, broadly ovate,
keeled, clasping the calyx. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Haw. misc. 90. syn. 289. rev. 143. Lodd. hot.
cab. 251. Petals reddish, white at the base.
Bracteate Fig-marigold. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub
1-| foot.
181 M. a'nceps (Haw. syn. 289. rev. 143.) stem shrubby;
branches decumbent, 2-edged, of a brownish canescent-colour ;
leaves acinaciformly triquetrous : sides rather membranous be-
low ; dots large, pellucid, elevated. I? . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a deep red colour.
Var. fi, pallidum (Haw. rev. 143.) branches of a rufous cop-
pery colour ; leaves rather incurved ; petals pale reddish.
Two-edged-br&nched Fig-marigold. FI. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1811.
Shrub 1| foot.
182 M. gra'cile (Haw. rev. 144,) stem shrubby; branches
very slender, straight ; leaves glaucescent, slender, rather sca-
brous ; bracteas ovate, acute, almost clasping the calyx. Tj .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. stelltUum, Haw.
obs. 416. misc. 91. syn. 290. but not of D. C. There are
varieties of this species with deep red, and pale red flowers.
Slender Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1794. Sh. 1|- ft.
183 M. radia'tum (Haw. obs. 232. misc. 90. syn. 289. rev.
144.) stem shrubby; branches crowded; bark canescent ; leaves
glaucescent, attenuated, and hooked at the apex ; bracteas
t 2
140
FICOIDEA2. I. Mesembryanthemum.
broadly ovate, clasping the peduncles above. Tj - H>. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 249. Corolla reddish,
larger than those of its allies.
Ray- flowered Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1732. Sh.
1^ foot.
184 M. compre'ssum (Haw. obs. 326. not 416. misc. 91. syn.
289. rev. 144.) stem shrubby; branches rather compressed;
leaves glaucescent, triquetrous, with equal sides, very rough ;
bracteas ovate, acute, clasping the tops of the peduncles. Jp .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers middle-
sized, reddish. Perhaps M. compressum, Horn. hort. hafn. 2.
p. 454. is the same species.
Compressed-hranchcd Fig-marigold. FI. July, Sept. Clt.
1792. Shrub 1^ foot.
185 M. pa'tulum (Haw. syn. p. 334. rev. 145.) stem
shrubby ; branches hardly erect ; leaves linear, half erect, glau-
cescent, roughish from pellucid dots. |j . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. This species comes near to M. compres-
sum, but is less stiff, the leaves shorter and thicker, and the
flowers are larger and paler.
Spreading Fig-marigold. FI. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1811. Sh. 1|- ft.
186 M. a'sperum (Haw. rev. p. 145.) stem shrubby ; leaves
compressed, triquetrous, longish, of a bluish green-colour, full
of pellucid dots, very scabrous, hooked at the apex ; keel fur-
nished with one tooth. Jp . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers unknown. Perhaps this species does not be-
long to the present section.
Rough Fig-mavigold. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1J- foot.
187 M. serra'tum (Lin. spec. 696.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves opposite, distinct, triquetrous, subulate, having the cari-
nal angle serrated, with the serratures turned backwards. 1? .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 238.
Flowers solitary, terminal, pedunculate. Calyx 5-cleft, attenu-
ated at the base. Petals yellow, copper-coloured at the apex.
Stigmas 5, short, obtuse, approximate. This species was for-
merly cultivated by Dillenius, but has now vanished from the
gardens, and is therefore very little known.
Serrated-keeied Fig-marigold. FI. June, July. Clt. 1707.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ 34. Conferta (from confertus, crowded thick together ;
branches). Ham. syn. 240. Salm-Dyck, obs. 29. — Eximia and
Blanda, Ham. rev. 145-147. Stems shrubby ; branches crowded ,
ascending. Leaves opposite, rather connate, crowded, triquetrous,
entire, acute, with the angles smooth. Flowers pedunculate,
solitary or by threes, showy, expanding in the sun, reddish or pale
rose-coloured.
188 M. amce'num (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p.
436.) stem branched, shrubby ; leaves green, crowded, elon-
gated, nearly triquetrous, bluntish, with a mucrone ; flowers ter-
minal, showy, disposed by threes. 1? . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers red.
Pleasing Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot.
189 M. fokmosum (Haw. rev. 145.) stems suffruticose,
humble ; branches rather decumbent, elongated ; leaves trique-
trous, long, green, glittering in sunshine, much crowded, but
more remote on the branches ; flowers terminal, disposed by
threes ; stigmas 5-6, shorter than the filaments, rather lanceolate.
(2 • D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals beautiful
red, blunt.
Beautiful Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1828. Sh. 1 ft.
190 M. specta'bile (Haw. obs. 385. misc. 68. syn. 240. rev.
145.) stems rather humble ; floriferous ones ascending or erect;
leaves glaucous, triquetrous, and are, as well as the branches,
crowded; stigmas 5, obovate, one-half shorter than the stamens,
which are white. Jp . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 396. D. C. pi. grass, t. 153. Leaves
rather connate, sometimes furnished with one tooth at the top of
the keel. Flowers beautiful reddish, 2 inches in diameter.
Showy Fig-marigold. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1787. Shrub 1 ft.
191 M. conspicuum (Haw. syn. 240. rev. 146.) floriferous
stems erect ; leaves green, glittering in sun-shine, triquetrous,
and are, as well as the branches, crowded ; stigmas lanceolate,
length of the stamens. 1? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. M. conspicuum, Spreng. nov. prov. 27. but the leaves
are there said to be semi-terete. Flowers beautiful red.
Conspicuous Fig-marigold. FI. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1806. Sh. 1 ft.
192 M. turbina'tum (Jacq. hort. vind. t. 476. )stem shrubby,
branched, diffuse ; leaves glaucous, elongated, acute, triquetrous,
crowded ; flowers on long peduncles, reddish ; ovarium con-
tracted into a neck beneath the calyx. 1? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Petals numerous, linear, spreading
much. Salm-Dyck. in litt.
Turbinate Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot.
193 M. bla'ndum (Haw. suppl. 95. rev. 147.) stem shrubby;
branches numerous, compressed, ascending ; leaves compressed,
triquetrous, crowded, narrow, acutish, smooth ; peduncles equal,
longer than the bracteas ; stigmas 5, short, ramentaceous. Jp .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. 582.
Lodd. bot. cab. 599. Flowers large, at first white, but at length
rose-coloured or pale red. Branches of a rufous chestnut colour.
There are varieties of this species with glaucous and green leaves.
Bland Fig-marigold. FI. June. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 foot.
194 M. curvifolium (Haw. rev. p. 47.) stem shrubby,
branches robust, terete ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, glau-
cescent ; peduncles clavate, length of bracteas ; petals incurved.
Ip . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Branches ru-
fous or bay-coloured. Leaves twice the thickness of those of
M. blandum, to which it is nearly allied, and the corolla is less
open. It is, however, perhaps only a variety of it.
Curved-leaved Fig-marigold. FI. Ju. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1^ ft.
§ 35. Cymbiformia (from cymba, a boat, and forma, form ;
leaves). Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 33. Haw. rev. 149. — Tardiflora,
Ham. syn. 261. Stems fruticose or suffruticose, with straight,
usually decussate branches. Leaves small, distinct, turgidly tri-
quetrous, obtuse, boat-shaped, short. Flowers solitary, reddish,
rose-coloured, or yellow.
195 M. tetragonum (Thunb. prod. 91.) stem erect, tetra-
gonal, shrubby ; leaves cylindrically trigonal. Ip . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 149. Corolla
yellow. This species is omitted by Hawortb.
Tetragonal- stemmed Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot.
196 M. strictum (Haw. misc. 82. syn. 262. rev. 149.) stem
woody, branched, very stiff, straight ; leaves triquetrous, obtuse,
expanded, glaucescent, beset with large dots. Ip . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. This species grows 2 or 3
feet high in the gardens, but has never yet flowered. But from
a specimen of it received from the Cape by Haworth, they are
said to be showy and yellow.
Straight Fig-marigold. Clt. 1795. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
197 M. cymbiforme (Haw. obs. 264. misc. 82. syn. 263.
rev. 149.) stem suffruticose ; branches erectish, filiform, crowded ;
leaves triquetrous, boat-shaped, spreading, glaucous. Jp . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Per-
haps M. sessile, Thunb. fl. cap. 419. belongs to this species,
which Thunberg says has red flowers.
Boat-formed- leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 ft.
198 M. moele (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 192.) branches crowded,
2-edged, decumbent ; leaves spreading, turgidly triquetrous,
firm, canescent, with the margins blunt, and lined with dots.
Jp . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. obs.
FICOIDEiE. I. Mesembryanthemum.
141
misc. 83. syn. 261. rev. 149. Flowers solitary, red, small, and
terminal.
Soft Fig-marigold. FI. Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot.
199 M. Thunbe'rgii (Haw. rev. p. 150.) stem decumbent,
articulated ; leaves connate, trigonal, smooth, dotless, erect ;
flowers solitary, terminal. I? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. M. lae've, Thunb. fl. cap. 425. but not of Ait.
Flowers yellow. Calyx 4-cleft. Perhaps this species belongs
to another division of the genus.
Thunberg’s Fig-marigold. Shrub decumbent.
200 M. cymbifoeium (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. vol. 64. p.
424.) stem shrubby, erectish ; branches few, 2-edged, hoary ;
leaves trigonal, boat-shaped, pale green, beset with large dots.
. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers un-
known. This species appears to be intermediate between M.
aureurn and M. cymbiforme.
Boat-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1822. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ 36. Aurea (from aureus, of gold; in reference to the
yellow flowers). Haw. rev. 148. — LEquilateralia, Salm-Dyck,
obs. 33. — Frequentiflbra, Haw. syn. 263. exclusive of some
species. Stems suffruticose, and are as well as the branches
erect. Leaves distinct, dotted, bluntly or acutely triquetrous,
elongated, glaucous. Flowers large, solitary, yellow, or copper-
coloured, expanding in sun-shine. Stigmas thick.
201 M. glaucum (Lin. spec. p. 696.) stem suffruticose, erect ;
leaves triquetrous, much compressed, glaucous, roughish ; lobes
of calyx ovate, cordate ; stigmas yellow. T? . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 248. D. C. pi.
grass, t. 146. Bradl. succ. t. 37. Haw. obs. 829. misc. 83.
syn. 264. rev. 148. Petals of a yellow sulphur colour.
Glaucous Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1696. Sh. 1|- ft.
202 M. auranti'acum (Haw. misc. 84. syn. 264. rev. 148.)
stem suffruticose, erect ; leaves bluntly triquetrous, somewhat
compressed, very glaucous ; bracteas semiterete ; lobes of calyx
oblong-ovate ; alternate stigmas purple. T? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. M. glaucoides, Haw. obs. p. 330.
M. aurantium, Willd. enum. 537. Flowers of a deep orange-
colour, smaller than those of M. glaucum. Perhaps a hybrid
between M. aureurn and M. glaucum.
Orarcge-coloured-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1793. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
203 M. au'reum (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 10. p. 1050.) stem suf-
fruticose, erect ; leaves cylindrically triquetrous, rather connate
at the base, spreading, acute, full of pellucid dots, glaucous ;
stigmas dark purple. F? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 262. D. C. pi. grass, t. 11. Haw.
obs. 333. misc. p. 84. syn. 263. rev. 148. Corollas of coppery
golden colour, 2 inches in diameter, expanding in sunshine.
Golden-ft owered Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. Oct. Clt. 1750.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Subdivision VI. Teretiu'scula (a dim. of teres, cylindrical ;
leaves nearly cylindrical). Haw. rev. 150. Subshrubs. Leaves
distinct, rarely connate at the base, nearly terete, without any
papulae. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5, except in one of the species,
which vary to 7.
§ 37. Verruculata (from verrucula, a little wart; plants be-
set with little warts). D. C. prod. 3. p. 438. — Perfoliosa, Haw.
misc. 81. — Calamiformia erecta, Salm-Dyck. obs. 22. — Sebdcea,
Haw. rev. p. 155. Stems shrubby, erect, with short branches.
! Leaves crowded, connate, cylindrical, obtuse, mealy-glaucous,
. soft, dotless, without papulae. Flowers yellow or croceous. Calyx
5-cleft. Stigmas 5. Capsule small.
204 M. verrucula'tum (Lin. spec. 696.) stem erect; leaves
much crowded, very glaucous, cylindrical, hardly triquetrous,
obtuse, and a little mucronate, sebaceous, longer than the inter-
nodes. J? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. —
Dill. elth. 259. D. C. pi. grass, t. 36. Haw. obs. 260. misc.
81. syn. 258. rev. 155. Flowers small, yellow, subumbellate,
expanding in the evening. The stigmas are said to be 5, but
Dillenius has seen them varying from 5-7 •
Warled Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1731. Sh. 1^ ft.
§ 38. Cr'ocea (from croceus, like saffron ; colour of flowers).
Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 182 6. p. 128. Sub-shrubs with secund
branches. Leaves thick, of a bluish glaucous colour, semi-terete
at the base, obsoletely triquetrous at the apex. Flowers terminal,
solitary, small, or middle-sized, scentless, at first yellow, but as
they become older change to a copper-colour. Peduncles succulent.
Calyx succulent, unequal.
205 M. lu'teum (Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 1826. p. 128.)
leaves obtuse ; flowers small ; stem branched, erect, stiff, with
the nodes tumid, and throwing out roots. fj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. This species comes very near M.
croceum, var. y, Jldvo-croceum, but is taller, more slender, and
more branched, and the leaves and flowers are much smaller.
Corolla pale yellow, but becoming of a deeper colour as they
fade.
Yellow-ft owered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
206 M. lute'olum (Haw. 1. c. p. 129.) leaves crowded, acute
at the apex, and a little recurved ; branches slender and dense ;
flowers small. . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
M. lae've, Thunb. prod. ? Flowers yellow', and more numerous
than those of the last species. It differs from the last in the
leaves and in the more dwarf stature.
Small-yellow Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. \ ft.
207 M. croceum (Jacq. fragm. t. 11. f. 2.) stem erect; leaves
crowded, semi-cylindrical, mealy, glaucous, bluntish, shorter
than the internodes, somewhat sebaceous ; lobes of calyx some-
what unequal. J? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Haw. rev. 156. Leaves evidently connate. Petals obtuse,
copper- coloured.
Var. /3, purpureo-crbceum (Haw. obs. 257. misc. 81. syn. 259.
rev. 155.) flowers copper-coloured, purple on the outside. M.
insitftium, Willd. enum. 536. Llardly distinct from the species,
and ought probably to be joined with it, according to Salm-Dyck.
in litt.
Var. y,flavo- croceum (Haw. rev. 155.) fkwers yellow on both
sides, but as they fade become copper coloured.
Co^er-coloured-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt.
1780. Shrub 1 foot.
§ 39. Tenuiflora (from tenuis, slender, and flos, a flow'er ;
slender flow'ers). Salm-Dyck, obs. 24. Haw. rev. — Fre-
quentifldra, Haw. syn. 263. exclusive of the species. Stems
shrubby ; branches slender, effuse. Leaves opposite, distinct,
nearly terete, rather triquetrous or somewhat compressed, without
papulae. Flowers solitary, pedunculate, expanding in the morn-
ing, yellow or scarlet. This section is nearly allied to Aurea.
208 M. coccineum (Haw. obs. 247. misc. 85. syn. 265. rev.
150.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves teretely triquetrous, rather
compressed, obtuse, glaucescent ; peduncles smooth at the base ;
lobes of calyx bluntish, nearly equal. \ . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass, t. 83. Lodd. bot.
cab. t. 1033. Curt. bot. mag. 59. M. bicolorum minus, Haw.
obs. 246. M. bicolorum coccineum, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1059.
Leaves shorter than in the following species. Petals scarlet on
both surfaces. There are 2 varieties of this plant, the one with
obtuse leaves and the other wdth acute leaves.
Ncar/et-flow'ered Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1696.
Shrub 1^ foot.
142
FICOIDEiE. I. Mesembryanthemum.
209 M. bicolorum (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 485.) stem shrubby,
erect ; leaves rather triquetrous, acute, green ; peduncles and
calyxes scabrous ; calycine lobes unequal. T? • D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 258. Haw. obs. 241.
misc. 85. syn. 265. rev. 151. This species is usually confused
with M. coccineum, but tbe leaves are longer and the petals are
yellow inside and scarlet outside. Stigmas shorter than the fila-
ments. There are 2 varieties of this plant, one with erect
branches and the other with spreading branches.
Two- coloured- ft owered Fig-marigold. FI. May, Sept. Clt.
1732. Shrub 1-J foot.
210 M. injEqua'le (Haw. syn. 266. rev. 151.) stem shrubby,
erectish ; brandies effusely decumbent ; leaves rather trique-
trous, deep green ; fructiferous peduncles compressedly clavate ;
lobes of calyx very unequal. b . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Bradl. succ. 7. bad. ex Haworth. Very like
M. bicolorum, but differs in the branches being effuse, the flowers
being paler on the outside, and in the calycine lobes being longer
than the membrane.
Unequal- calyxed Fig-marigold. FI. May, Sept. Clt. 1716.
Shrub 1 foot.
211 M. tenuifolium (Lin. spec. 693.) stem shrubby, erect-
ish ; leaves semi-terete, rather compressed, subulate, green,
glabrous, longer than the internodes ; peduncles elongated,
naked. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill,
elth. f. 236. D. C. pi. grass, t. 82. Bradl. succ. t. 9. Haw.
obs. 239. misc. p. 86. syn. 267. rev. 151. Flowers of coppery
red colour. There are varieties of this species with erect and
procumbent stems.
Slender-leaved Fig-marigold. FI. June, Sept. Clt. 1700.
Shrub 1 foot.
212 M. varia'bile (Haw. misc. 85. syn. 266. rev. 152.)
stem shrubby, effuse, rather decumbent ; leaves somewhat tri-
quetrous, compressed, glaucous, scabrous ; lobes of calyx nearly
equal. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals
yellow, at length becoming reddish. There are varieties of the
species with distant and crowded leaves and branches.
Variable Fig-marigold. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1796. Sh. 1 \ ft.
§ 40. Adunca (from aduncus, hooked ; leaves hooked at the
apex). Salm-Dyck, obs. 25. Haw. rev. 152. — Adunca clau-
dentia, Haw. misc. 87. Stems suffruticose, hardly half a foot
high. Leaves nearly terete, subulate, usually incurved, acutely
hooked at the apex. Flowers solitary, expanding before meridian,
and closing in the evening, small, reddish. Petals usually striated
or white at the base.
213 M. spiniforme (Haw\ obs. 240. misc. 87. syn. 291. rev.
152.) stem suffruticose, with erect branches ; leaves cylindrical,
subulate, spine-formed, erect, recurved at the apex ; peduncles
and keels of the bracteas rather scabrous. Tj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Bark of branches dark. Flowers
small, pale red, with the petals paler at the base.
Var. fl, subaduncurn (Haw. suppl. 96. ex rev. 152.). Leaves
less hooked.
Spine shaped Fig-marigold. FI. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1793. Sh. \ ft.
214 M. curvi folium (Haw. misc. p. 88. syn. 290. rev. 152.)
stems suffruticose ; branches firm, erectish, roughish, angularly
compressed ; leaves rather distant, expanded at the base, and
incurvedly recurved at the apex. . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Flowers numerous, middle-sized, pale red.
Stigmas blackish. M. ceratophyllum, Willd. enum. suppl. p.
37. is referred to this species by tbe Prince de Salm-Dyck, but
this is doubted by Haworth, who gives a different character to
the plant.
Curve-leaved Fig-marigold. FI. Oct. Clt. 1799. Sh. \ ft.
215 M. flexifolium (Haw. suppl. 98. rev. 153.) stem suf-
8
fruticose ; branches filiform, compressed, flexuous, decumbent,
crow'ded ; leaves subulate, triquetrous, incurved below, recurved
and rather flexuous above, and a little hooked at the apex. Tj . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This plant is 3 times
smaller than the preceding species, and more depressed. Flowers
unknown. There are varieties of this species with pale green
and dark green leaves.
Bent-leaved Fig-marigold. FI. Oct. Clt. 1820. Sh. dec.
216 M. inconspi'cuum (Hawr. in phil. mag. aug. 1826.
p. 128.) stems suffruticose, very stiff ; leaves trigonal-semi-
terete, small, hooked ; flowers solitary, minute, terminal. I? .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. A small, bushy
subshrub, with spreading, ascending, or incurved, hard, glitter-
ing branches ; leaves glittering in the sunshine from papulae.
Flowers deep red, expanding in the morning.
Inconspicuous Fig-marigold. Fl.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. -g ft.
217 M. adu'ncum (Haw. syn. 291. rev. p. 153.) stem shrubby ;
branches erect, much crow ded ; leaves crowded, semi-cylindrical,
acuminated, very much recurved at the apex. Tj . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, reddish, tipped
with a deeper colour. Stigmas subulate, spreading, greenish
yellow'. This species is very like M. flexifolium, but is less
erect.
Hooked- leaved Fig-marigold. FI. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1795.
Shrub foot.
218 M. filicau'le (Haw. syn. 291. rev. 153.) stems tufted,
suffruticose, filiform, very weak, creeping ; leaves much crowded,
semi-cylindrical, acuminated. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Peduncles elongated, flexuous, bibracteate in
the middle. Petals pale red inside, but of a deeper colour on
the outside, and more so at the apex. Stigmas erect, subulate,
green.
Thread- stemmed Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1808.
Shrub \ foot.
§ 41. Haworthidna (in honour of A. H. Haworth, F.L.S. ;
who has done more to elucidate the succulent tribes of plants than
any other individual). D. C. prod. 3. p. 439. — Corallina, Han.
rev. 154. exclusive of M. corallina perhaps. — Teretiiiscula, Han.
syn. 301. — Rubicunda, Salm-Dyck. obs. 23. Stems suffruti-
cose, smooth, erect ; branches decussate, numerous, of a chestnut
colour. Leaves somewhat cylindrical, subulate, elongated, glau-
cous. Flowers solitary, showy, reddish, or white.
219 M. produ'ctum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 424.) stem
suffruticose, erect ; branches finely decussate, numerous ; leaves
crowded at the tops of the branches, semi-cylindrical, glau-
cous, rather incurved, full of pellucid dots ; flowers terminal,
by threes ; calycine lobes unequal, two of which are long and
the other three short. 1/ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Corolla rose-coloured. Stigmas 5, erect.
Produced-ca\yxed Fig-marigold. FI. May, June. Clt. 1822.
Shrub 1 foot.
220 M. stipula'ceum (Lin. spec. 693.) stem shrubby, and is
as well as the branches erect ; leaves teretely triquetrous, long,
subulate, incurved, glaucous, full of pellucid dots, margined at
the base, . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. —
Dill. elth. f. 267. and 268. Haw. obs. 256. misc. 65. syn. 301.
rev. 154. Axils usually bearing leaves, hence the metaphorical
name of siipuldceum, there being no stipules. Corolla light red,
paler on the under side, 2 inches in diameter.
Stipulaceous Fig-marigold. FI. May, Ju. Clt. 1723. Sh. 1 ft.
221 M. Haworthii (Willd. enum. suppl. 36. Donn, hort.
cant. ed. 6.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves crowded, compressedly
cylindrical, attenuated at both ends, erect when young, but
spreading and glaucous when old. (Salm-Dyck. inlitt.). f? . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. syn. 302. rev.
FICOIDEiE. I. Mesembryanthemum.
143
154. Corolla purple, 2 inches in diameter. Bark of branches
rufous or castaneous. Leaves distinct (ex Haw.), connate (ex
Willd.), therefore perhaps there are 2 species confused.
Haworth’s Fig-marigold. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 ft.
222 M. le'pidum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p. 130.) leaves
recurved at the apex, rather mucronate ; segments of calyx acu-
minated, spreading, marcescent after flowering, . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. An erect, slender shrub.
Leaves nearly as in M. produclum. Flowers large, white, showy,
opening before meridian, longer than the peduncles.
Pretty Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1 ft.
223 M. laj've (Haw. misc. 64. syn. 302. rev. 154. but not of
Thunb.) stem suffruticose, erect ; leaves crowded, cylindrical,
obtuse, arched, very glaucous, smooth. T? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. M. lse've, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 187.?
Flowers unknown (ex Haw.), purple (ex Willd. and Salm-Dyck.).
Smooth Fig-marigold. FI. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1774. Sh. 1-| ft.
224 M. cora'llinum (Haw. rev. 154. but not of Thunb.)
stem straight, much branched ; leaves nearly terete, incurved,
smooth, rather thicker in the middle, glaucous. Jj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very nearly allied to M.
Haworthii, but the stems are one half taller and the flowers
smaller (ex Salm-Dyck. in litt.). Bark dark and bay-coloured
(ex Haw.).
Cora?-stemmed Fig-marigold. FI. May, June. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 foot.
§ 42. Spinosa (from spinosus, full of thorns ; the branches
become hard and spinose at the tips after flowering). Salm-
Dyclc. obs. 25. Han. rev. 153. — Tereliuscula species, Han.
syn. Stems shrubby, erect ; branches stiff, hard, jloriferous,
usually spinescent after flowering. Leaves teretely triquetrous,
distinct. Flowers reddish.
225 M. spinosum (Lin. spec. 693.) stem shrubby, erect ;
branches hard, dichotomous, spinose after flowering ; leaves
nearly distinct, teretely triquetrous, dotted. T? . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 265. Bradl. succ. t.
39. Haw. obs. 338. misc. 66. syn. 303. rev. 153. Flowers
small, purple.
Spinose Fig-marigold. FI. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1714. Sh. 1 ft.
226 M. mucroniferum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1823. p. 381.)
stem shrubby, erect, straight ; leaves glaucescent, dotted, spread-
ing, bluntly triquetrous, mucronulate ; flowers reddish, disposed
by threes ; peduncles permanent after flowering and spinose.
1? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. pulveru-
lentum, Willd. enum. 583. ex ill. Pr. Salm-Dyck.
Mucr one-bearing Fig-marigold. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821.
Shrub 1 foot.
Subdivision VII. Papulosa (from papulosus, full of blis-
ters ; leaves beset with papulae). D. C. prod. 3. p. 440. —
Papulosa-teretif olia, Haw. rev. p. 79. Shrubs, subshrubs or
herbs. Leaves opposite, very rarely alternate, distinct, nearly
terete, or thick at one end, channelled above, narrow, more or
less beset with glittering papillae. Calyx 4-6, but usually 5-
cleft. Stigmas just so many.
§ 43. Barbata (from barbatus, bearded ; points of leaves).
Salm-Dyck. obs. 27. Haw. rev. 190. — Barbifdlia, Haw. syn.
277. Stems suffruticose, branched. Leaves nearly terete, distinct,
rather papulose, thick, bearded at the apex by 5 pale hairs,
which are 5-10, rayed at the apex. Flowers flesh-coloured, rarely
white, expanding in the sun. Calyx 5-8-cleft, with as many
dark green tubercles on the torus. Stigmas 5-8.
227 M. barba' tum (Curt. bot. mag. t. 70.) stem erect;
branches effusely procumbent ; leaves rather remote, spreading,
ending in 5-6 radiating hairs at the apex ; base of calyx gla-
brous ; lobes 5, nearly equal. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 234. D. C. pi. grass, t. 28. M.
barbatum a, Lin. spec. 691. M. stelligerum, Haw. syn. 278.
rev. 190. but not of phil. mag. M. barbatum, Haw. phil. mag.
1824. p. 61. Tubercles 5, dark green within the flower. Stig-
mas 5. Flowers flesh-coloured.
Bearded- leaved Fig-marigold. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1705.
Shrub \ to foot.
228 M. stelli'gerum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 61. but
not of his' syn.) branches procumbent, elongated ; leaves re-
mote, half erect, terminating in 5 radiating hairs at the apex ;
calyx glabrous at the base ; lobes very unequal. ^ . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. barbatum, Haw. syn.
277. rev. 190. but not of phil. mag. Bradl. succ. t. 5. Curt,
bot. mag. 70. Perhaps merely a variety of M. barbatum.
Star-bearing Fig-marigold. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1793. Sh.
\ to ■§ foot.
229 M. intonsum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 62.) branches
erectly decumbent, effuse, hispid ; leaves terminating in 10 ra-
diating hairs at the apex ; calyx girded by a black beard. T? .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish.
Var. /3, album (Haw. 1. c.) flowers at first white, but at length
becoming reddish as they fade.
Unshaved Fig-marigold. FI. July. Clt. 1824. Shrub \ ft.
230 M. bulbosum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 428.) root
tuberous ; branches rather villous ; leaves horizontal, crowded,
terminating in 10 radiating hairs. Tj . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Root referrible to that of M. tuberosum ;
the rest of the plant comes nearest to M. intonsum. Flowers
middle-sized, reddish.
Bulbous-rooted Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 ft.
231 M. stella'tum (Mill. diet. no. 14.) branches short,
thick ; leaves tufted, hoary, thick, scabrous from papulae, ter-
minating in many radiating hairs at the apex, and ciliated at the
base, greenish ; peduncles very hairy ; calyx hairy at the base,
6-8-lobed. Tj • D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 29. — Dill. elth. f. 235. M. barbatum (i, Lin.
spec. 691. M. hirsutum, Haw. misc. 105. syn. 279. M. stella-
tum, Haw. rev. 191. phil. mag. 1824. p. 62. but not of his syn.
Flowers pale red.
(Starry-haired Fig-marigold. FI. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1716.
Shrub foot.
232 M. de'nsum (Haw. obs. p. 302. misc. 105. syn. 279. rev.
191. phil. mag. 1824. p. 62.) plant densely tufted ; leaves semi-
terete, scabrous from papulae, terminating in many radiating
hairs, rather ciliated at the base, greenish ; peduncles very hairy
as well as the calyx, which is 6-cleft. 1? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 236. without a flower.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1220. Old stem thick, branched, very short.
Flowers expanding in the heat of the sun, purple, larger than
those of M. stellatum.
Dense Fig-marigold. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1732. Sh. -4 ft.
§ 44. Echinata (from echinatus, set with prickles ; leaves).
Salm-Dyck, obs. 21. Haw. rev. 189. — Hispifolia, Haw. syn.
275. Stems suffruticose, much branched. Leaves nearly terete,
distinct, more or less hispid all over, as well as the branches.
Lobes of calyx 5, leaf-formed. Corolla white or pale yellow.
Stigmas 5.
233 M. echina'tum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 194.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves oblong-ovate, filled, rather triquetrous, gib-
bous, ramentaceously-echinated ; lobes of calyx leaf-formed,
unequal. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
144
FICOIDE/E. T. Mesembryanthemum.
Haw. obs. 288. misc. 103. syn. 276. rev. 189. D.C. pi. grass, t. 24.
Jacq. schoenbr. t. 437. M. setosum, Mcench. Flowers yellow.
Far. ft, album (Haw. 1. c.) flowers white.
Hcdge-hog Fig-marigokl. FI. Jul.Oct. Clt. 1774. Sh.-jto-|ft.
234 M. strumosum (Haw. rev. 190.) stems decumbent,
branched ; leaves crowded, depressedly cylindrical, hispid all
over ; lobes of calyx nearly equal ; root at length tuberous.
hc . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla pale
straw-coloured or white.
Strumose Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. -^to-Jft.
§ 45. Hispida (from hispidus, bristly; branches rough from
bristles). D. C. prod. 3. p. 441. — Hispicaulia, Flaw. syn. 273.
rev. 185. Salm-Dyck. obs. 26. Stems sujfruticose, bushy;
branches hispid from bristles. Leaves distinct, cylindrical, papu-
lose. Peduncles hispid. Flowers middle-sized, expanding before
meridian, reddish, or rose-coloured, rarely white. Calyx 5-cleft.
Stigmas 5.
235 M.calyci'num (Haw. rev. 187.) branches effuse; leaves
cylindrical, rather filiform, obtuse, papulose ; two of the caly-
cine lobes are foliaceous, much exceeding the other three in
length ; stamens longer than the stigmas, • D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white.
Long-calyxed Fig-marigold. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh.-|ft.
236 M. tubercula'tum (D. C. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 44.) stems
decumbent, much branched ; branches ascending ; leaves terete,
acute, papulose, soft ; branches, peduncles, and calyxes hispid ;
calyx campanulate at the base ; stamens hardly exceeding the
stigmas. Ij . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M.
hispifolium, Haw. suppl. 94. rev. 189. Petals rose-coloured,
but purplish above, with a deeper-coloured middle line. There
is also a variety of this with white flowers.
Tubercled Fig-marigold. FI. Oct. Clt. 1818. Shrub dec.
237 M. attenua'tum (Haw. rev. 188.) plant slender;
branches decumbent, filiform ; leaves semi-cylindrical, filled,
obtuse, or nearly terete, papulose ; peduncles elongated ; calyxes
hairy at the base. 1? . I). G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Petals at first white, or with a rose-coloured middle
line, whence there is a rose-coloured circle in the flower.
Attenuated-hrunched Fig-marigold. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1821.
Slnub decumbent.
238 M. stria'tum (Haw. obs. 280. misc. 188.) stem erect;
leaves semi-cylindrical, subulate, papulose ; calyx woolly ; sta-
mens collected, length of stigmas. . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Capsule angular at the apex.
Far. a, roseum (Haw. rev. 188.) petals pale rose-coloured,
with a deeper-coloured line in the middle. — Dill. elth. f. 281.
Far. ft, pallens (Haw. 1. c.) petals white, each with a red line
at the base. D. C. pi. grass, t. 132.
Striated-flowered Fig-marigold. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1727.
Shrub | foot.
239 M. floribu'ndum (Haw. misc. p. 100. syn. 274. rev.
187.) branches spreading, very numerous ; leaves almost cylin-
drical, somewhat incurved, papulose, obtuse ; calyxes hemisphe-
rical, beset with papulose pili ; stamens not equalling the stigmas
in length. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M.
hispidum ft, pallidum. Haw. obs. 279. Flowers numerous,
pale red ; with the petals white at the base.
Far. ft, lorqudlum (Haw. rev. 187.) flowers fewer, larger and
more remote ; stamens exceeding the stigmas. According to
Saltn-Dyck this is not distinct from M. floribundum, which are
both perhaps referrible to M. striatum, var. ft.
Bundle-flowered Fig-marigold. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1704.
Shrub foot.
240 M. ca'ndens (Haw. rev. p. 186.) branches long, weak,
procumbent or prostrate ; leaves cylindrical, incurved, canes-
cent, and glittering, obtuse. Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Leaves shining in the sun
from papulae. M. hirtellum, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 24. but not of
Haw. Perhaps only a variety of M. hirtellum.
J ar. a, glaucescens (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves glaucescent.
M. candens, var. a, minus, Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1831.
p. 422.
far. ft, virescens (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves greener ; branches
less elongated. M. candens ft, virideus, Haw. 1. c.
Glittering Fig-marigold. Clt. 1820. Shrub pr.
241 M. hirte'llum (Haw. obs. 284. exclusive of the syno-
nymes, misc. 102. syn. 274. rev. 186.) stem erect, bushy ; leaves
crowded, cylindrical, very blunt, beset with glittering papulae ;
calyx turbinate, beset with papulose pili ; stamens equal in length
to the stigmas. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers larger than those of any other species of this section,
showy ; petals pale red, white at the base.
Bristly Fig-marigold. FI. May, Nov. Clt. 1792. Sh. to lft.
242 M. subcompre'ssum (Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1826. p.
131.) plant erect and twiggy ; leaves greenish-canescent, com-
pressedly semi-terete, obliquely obtuse ; upper part of branches
rather pilose. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers of a reddish violaceous colour.
Far. ft, minus (Haw. 1. c.) plant not half the size of the
species.
Subcompressed- leaved Fig-marigold. FI. July. Clt. 1825.
Shrub 1 foot.
243 M. furfu'reum (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1831. p. 421.)
shrub bushy ; branches crowded, straightish, stiff, furfuraceous;
leaves cylindrical, very blunt, and are, as well as the calyx, beset
with obsolete crystalline papulae ; flowers small, numerous.
Tj • D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers termi-
nating the branches, usually solitary, very pale red.
Furfuraceous Fig-marigold. Clt. 1830. Shrub 1 foot.
244 M. hi'spidum (Lin. spec. 691.) stem erect, busby ; leaves
cylindrical, very blunt, green, glabrous, and covered with glit-
tering papulae, as well as the calyx, which is conical ; stamens
exceeding the stigmas. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 278. D. C. pi. grass, t. 66. M. hispidum a.
Haw. obs. 277. M. hispidum, Haw. syn. 273. rev. 186. Flowers
deep purple.
Hispid Fig-marigold. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1704. Sh. \ to 1 ft.
245 M. subhispidum (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1831. p. 421.)
stem erect ; branches and peduncles usually without hairs ;
leaves cylindrical, very blunt, and are, as well as the obconical
calyxes, glabrous, greenish, and covered with glittering papulae.
T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. hispidum ft,
platypetalum, Haw. rev. 186. Petals pale purple, whitish at
the base, emarginate at the apex. Very like M. hispidum, but
taller, less branched ; but the branches are longer, more erect,
and straight, and the flowers paler.
Subhispid Fig-marigold. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1704. Sh. 1 foot.
§ 46. Aspericaulia (from asper, rough, and caulis, a stem ;
stems rough). Haw. misc. 97. rev 182. Salm-Dyck, obs. 26.
Stems shrubby, hardly a foot and a half high; branches filiform,
scabrous. Leaves distinct, remote, nearly terete, glittering from
papulae. Flowers expanding before meridian ; reddish or cop-
per-coloured. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5, but in one of the
species the calyx is 6-cleft, and the stigmas are 6.
* Flowers reddish.
246 M. pulveruee'ntdm (Haw. obs. 265. misc. 89. syn. 272.
rev. 185. but not of Willd.) stem erect; branches crowded;
leaves cylindrically triquetrous, obtuse, dotted with white, pow-
dery, scabrous ; calyx 6-cleft. 1? . D. G. Native of the Cape
FIC0IDE7E. I. Mesembryanthemum.
115
of Good Hope. Flowers almost like those of M. barbcllum ,
reddish. Stigmas 6, recurved at the apex.
Powdery Fig-marigold. FI. May. Clt. 1792. Sh. | to 1 foot.
247 M. sessile (Thunb. fl. cap. 419.) stem erect, terete;
branches flexuous, divaricate ; leaves globosely trigonal, very
blunt, glabrous ; flowers sessile. 1? . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Leaves a line long. Flowers red.
.Sessile-flowered Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot.
248 M. subglobosum (Haw. syn. 273. rev. 185.) branches
numerous, filiform, divaricate, rather decumbent ; leaves ex-
panded, rather papulose, very short, cylindrically subglohose.
^ . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. capillare,
Thunb. fl. cap. 419. but not of others. M. subglobosum and
M. brevifolium a, Haw. misc. 62. and 99. Flowers red.
Subglobose-leaxed Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1795.
Shrub 1 foot.
249 M. brevifolium (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 188.) stems erect-
ish ; branches diffuse, filiform, numerous ; leaves cylindrical,
very blunt, spreading, papulose. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. M. brevifolium, Haw. misc. p. 99. var. /3,
syn. 272. rev. 185. M. erigerifolium, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 477.
ex Salm-Dyck in litt. Corolla small, red.
Short-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1777. Sh. 1 ft.
250 M. parvifolium (Haw. rev. 184. but not of Lam.) stem
erectish ; branches rather crowded, filiform, rough, hard ; leaves
grain-formed, expanded, bluntly triquetrous, rather glittering
from papulae. I? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Corolla expanding in the day time, deep purple, nearly like that
of M. hispidum, but one-half smaller. Stigmas 5, erect, green.
Small-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. to 1 ft.
251 M. obli'quum (Haw. rev. 183. but not of Willd.) stem
erect ; branches filiform, hard, roughish, erectish ; leaves distant,
cylindrical, obtuse, small, glittering from papulae, with one of the
pair deflexed, and the other opposite it ascending. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker, bot. reg. 863. Pe-
tals purple, spreading, acute. Stamens erect, collected, white.
Flowers 9-10 lines in diameter.
Oblique-leaxed Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh. 1 ft.
* * Flowers copper-coloured or yellow.
252 M. fla'vum (Haw. rev. 183.) stem erectish; branches
very slender, scabrous from dots ; leaves nearly terete, rather
attenuated at both ends, glittering from papulae, erectly incurved
or variously bent ; lobes of calyx obtuse, nearly equal. 4? . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla expanded half
an inch broad, of a golden yellow-colour, rather reddish on the
outside ; filaments white.
Fe//on;-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
| to 1 foot.
253 M. mi' cans (Lin. spec. 696.) stem erect; branches sca-
brous ; leaves semi-cylindrical, bluntish, rather recurved, glit-
tering from papulae ; lobes of calyx and petals acutish. Jj . D.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill, eltli. f. 283. and
423. Bradl. succ. t. 8. Curt. bot. mag. 448. D. C. pi. grass, t.
158. Haw. obs. 268. and 423. misc. 98. syn. 271. rev. 182.
Flowers pedunculate, copper-coloured, an inch and a half in dia-
meter, with dark sterile filaments. Stigmas 5, thick, and
greenish.
Glittering Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1704. Sh. 1-| ft.
254 M. macula' tum (Haw. syn. 271. rev. 182.) stems erect,
covered with rough spots ; leaves expanded, remote, obtuse,
semi-cylindrical, and rather compressed, papulose. T? . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. maculatum and M.
micans (i, Haw. misc. 99. Flowers unknown.
Spotted- stamened Fig-marigold. Clt. 1732. Shrub 1-| foot.
255 M. speciosum (Haw. obs. 367. misc. 98. syn. 270. rev.
VOL. III.
182.) stem erect, with scabrous branches ; leaves semi-cylindri-
cal, subulate, acutish, incurved, glittering a little from papulae ;
lobes of calyx and petals obtuse ; corolla rather funnel-shaped.
. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla large,
deep scarlet, with a green base, less than that of M. micans, ex-
panding irw the height of the sun.
Elegant Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1793. Shrub 1^ ft.
§ 47. Trichotoma (the flowers are disposed by threes, or in a
trichotomous manner). Haw. rev. 178. Tuber'osa. Salm-Dyck,
obs. 25. Erect branched subshrubs. Leaves usually nearly cy-
lindrical, and glittering in the sun from papulce. Calyx 5-cleJ't.
Flowers small, disposed by threes, of various colours, but usually
of a yellowish coppery-colour . — An artificial section.
256 M. tuberosum (Lin. spec. 693.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves rather triquetrous, compressed, beset with minute papulae,
recurved at the apex ; flowers trichotomous ; root tuberous,
hard. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill,
elth. f. 264. D. C. pi. grass, t. 78. Haw. obs. 271. misc. 89.
syn. 253. rev. 170. Peduncles usually permanent and spinose,
as in M. spinosum. Flowers small, flesh-coloured. Stigmas 5,
rarely 6, ex Haw.
Tuberous-rooted Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1 7 1 4.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
257 M. megarhi'zum; root large, tuberous; stem erect,
branched ; leaves recurvely hooked ; branches erect, thong-
formed, flexile. T? • D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Very like M. tuberosum, but differs from it in the principal stem
being more equal in thickness ; and in the flowers being more
numerous and white. M. macrorlnzum, Haw. in phil. mag. Nov.
1826. p. 332. but not of D. C.
Large-rooted Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 2 feet.
258 M. testa'ceum (Haw. suppl. 97. rev. 178.) stem shrubby,
erect ; leaves semi-terete, rather triquetrous, glaucescent ;
flowers disposed in trichotomous umbels. J? . D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Stems 2-3 feet high. Flowers
small, of a coppery-colour, pedunculate. Petals in one series.
Both the fertile and sterile stamens are snow white, collected
into a cone.
Testaceous-doxxered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
259 M. tricho'tomum (Thunb. fl. cap. 419.) stem straight;
branches divaricate; leaves connate, trigonal, obtuse; flowers
terminal, sessile ; calyx 4-cleft. ^ . D. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. It differs from M. geniculfidrum in the leaves
being connate, and without papulae, and in the flowers being red.
Stigmas 4, purple, short.
Trichotomous Fig-marigold. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
260 M. subinca'num (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1824. p. 427.)
stem firm, branched, erect ; leaves expanded, compressed, tri-
gonal, rather canescent, soft, recurved, and mucronulate at the
apex ; flowers terminal, disposed by threes ; lobes of calyx 5,
unequal, . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
middle-sized, snow white, expanding before meridian. This
species is most nearly allied to M. trichotomum.
Ratlier-hoary Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug, Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh.
2 to 3 feet.
261 M. decussa'tum (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 414.) stem shrubby,
trichotomous ; branches erect ; leaves connate, linear-semiterete,
rather papulose ; flowers pedunculate, solitary. J? . D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers spreading, snow white.
Calyx 5-cleft.
DccussateAe&xed Fig-marigold. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
262 M. brachia'tum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 119.) stem much
branched ; branches trichotomous, papulose ; leaves cylindrical,
U
146
FICOIDEjE. 1. Mesembryanthemum.
papulose. T? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Haw. obs. 25. misc. 58. (exclusive of the synonyme of Thunb.)
syn. 234. rev. 178. but not of D. C. Flowers yellow.
Armed Fig-marigold. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. 1-| foot.
§ 48. Spinulifera (from spinula, a little thorn, and fero, to
bear ; leaves appearing like little thorns, when old). Ham. rev.
176. Salm-Dyck, obs. 26. Stems suffruticose, usually strumose
at the base; branches rather Jlesliy, papillose , when old they ap-
pear as if they mere spiny from the permanent remains of the
dried leaves. Leaves cylindrical, papulose, opposite, somewhat
channelled. Flomers expanding before meridian, fulvous or
greenish red. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5.
263 M. spinuli'ferum (Haw. obs. 206. and 443. misc. 57.
syn. 252. rev. 176.) caudex and branches erect and thickened ;
leaves crowded, semi-terete, channelled, papulose ; peduncles ter-
minal, subumbellate. Ij . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Corolla an inch in diameter, straw-coloured.
Spine-bearing Fig-marigold. FI. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1794. Sh. 1 ft.
264 M. longispi'nulum (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1824. p.
426.) branches few, procumbent, nodosely strumose at the base;
leaves linear, channelled, and are, as well as the branches, papu-
lose ; old leaves permanent, long, hard, and spine-like ; flowers
usually solitary ; peduncles strong, subclavate. . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals pale yellow or straw-
coloured. Stigmas 5, erect.
Long -spined Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1820. Shrub
procumbent.
265 M. salmoneum (Haw. rev. p. 176.) stems rather fili-
form, weak, elongated, prostrate ; leaves linear, furrowed, longer
than the internodes, beset with sordid papulae ; roots at length
strumose above. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers trichotomous, small, at first of a salmon colour, but
afterwards becoming white inside. Stigmas 5, erect.
Salmon-coloured-flowered. Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Oct. Clt.
1819. Shrub pr.
266 M. canalicula'tum (Haw. obs. 218. misc. 57. syn. 253.
rev. 177.) stems procumbently prostrate, filiform ; leaves linear-
semiterete, covered with shining papulae. T? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla pale rose-coloured. Old stems
half a foot high.
ChannelledAewved Fig-marigold. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1794.
Shrub pr.
267 M. viridiflorum (Ait. liort. kew. 2. p. 196.) caudex
thickened ; branches diffuse, knotted ; leaves semiterete, beset
with papulose hairs ; calyx hairy, pedunculate, h! • D. G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 326. D. C.
pi. grass, t. 159. Jacq. fragm. t. 52. f. 2. Petals very narrow,
greenish. Stigmas 5, joined in one body.
Green-flomered Fig-marigold. FI. July, Nov. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
268 M. grossum (Haw. misc. p. 57. syn. 252. rev. 176.) cau-
dex thickened ; branches effusely decumbent ; leaves linear,
nearly terete, obtuse, attenuated at both ends, papulose. Ij .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. grossum, M.
carneum, and M. aggregatum, Haw. obs. 205, 206. and 419.
Corolla middle-sized, pale, at length becoming of a reddish
straw colour.
Coarse Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 ft.
269 M. tenuifeorum (Jacq. fragm. t. 32. f. 3.) stems dif-
fuse, weak, cinereous ; leaves semiterete, obtuse, channelled,
spreading, beset with crystalline papulae ; flowers 1-2, termi-
nal, on short peduncles. T? • D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Petals linear-filiform, of a dirty red-colour.
S lender- flomered Fig-marigold. FI. July, Nov. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 foot.
270 M. ni'tidum (Haw. obs. 412. misc. 57. syn. 243. rev.
177.) stem erect ; branches slender, effuse, knotted ; leaves semi-
terete, beset with glittering papulae; flowers terminal, usually by
threes. 1? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
yellow. Salm-Dyck ex Spreng. nov. prov. 27. M. brachiatum,
D. C. pi. grass, t. 129. M. pruindsum, Thunb. fl. cap. 425. ex
Salm-Dyck and Spreng. but according to Haworth this species
differs in the stem being decumbent, and in the branches being
bent.
Shining Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1790. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
§ 49. Noctiflora (from nox, the night, and flos, a flower ;
flowers expanding at night). Ham. syn. 259. rev. 179. Saltn-
Dych, obs. 23. Slender subshrubs, almost without leaves at the
base, at length becoming thickened at the roots ; with elongated
branches. Leaves distinct, cylindrical, glaucous, remote, dotless,
soon falling off. Flowers usually by threes, terminal, white, rose-
coloured or straw-coloured on the outside, expanding in the even-
ing. Calyx turbinate, h-cleft. Stigmas 4.
271 M. noctiflorum (Lin. spec. 689.) stems suffruticose;
branches erect, with white bark ; leaves rather remote, obso-
letely semicylindrical, glaucous ; peduncles biternately cymose.
Jj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 1 79.
Lodd. bot. cab. 495.
Far. a, Phoeniceum (Haw. rev. 179.) flowers white inside, and
scarlet outside, very sweet-scented. — Dill. elth. f. 262. M.
noctiflorum, D. C. pi. grass, t. 10. Haw. obs. 251. misc. 63.
syn. 260.
Far. fl, stramineum (Haw. rev. 179. but not of Willd.)
flowers white inside, and straw-coloured on the outside. — Dill,
elth. f. 263.
Far. y? eldlum (Haw. rev. 180.) leaves longer, semi-erect,
white from mealiness, cylindrically triquetrous, at length re-
flexed ; flowers by threes, white inside, and rose-coloured on the
outside. Perhaps a proper species.
Night-flowering Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1714.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
272 M. fu'lvum (Haw. rev. p. 180.) stem suffruticose; bark
of blanches brownish-grey; leaves remote, nearly cylindrical,
glaucescent, exactly half erect ; flowers by threes. . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. stramineum, Haw. obs.
252. (exclusive of the synonyme of Dillenius,) misc. 63. syn.
261. but not of Willd. Flowers fulvous, but white on the in-
side. Ovarium top-formed. Perhaps distinct from the pre-
ceding species, according to the Prince de Salm-Dyck in litt.
.FwfooMS-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
273 M. clava'tum (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 108.) stem erect,
sparingly branched ; leaves nearly terete, remote, horizontal ;
peduncles clavate, aggregate, cymose. T? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. M. defoliation, Haw. misc. 83. rev.
181. Flowers white.
Far. fl, horizontale (D. C. prod. 3. p. 445.) flowers straw-
coloured, but white on the inside, disposed by threes. M. ho-
rizontale, Haw. syn. 261. rev. 181. M. stramineum a, Haw.
misc. 63. exclusive of the synonymes. Perhaps a proper species.
C/auafe-peduncled Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1795.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ 50. Geniculiflora (from geniculum, a little knee, and flos, a
flower ; from the flowers rising in the knees or forks of the
branches). D. C. prod. 3. p. 445. Stems frutescent, erect. Leaves
opposite, distinct, papulose, semi-terete. Flowers sessile in the forks
of the branches, solitary, yellowish, expanding in the day time.
274 M. geniculiflorum (Lin. spec. 688.) stem frutescent,
erect ; leaves distinct, semi-terete, papulose ; flowers sessile and
8
FICOIDEjE. I. Mesembryanthemum.
147
solitary in the forks of the branches ; calyx 4-cleft. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, and of Egypt and Arabia. —
Dill. elth. f. 261. Bradl. succ. t. 34. D. C. pi. grass, t. 17.
Haw. syn. 254. misc. 59. rev. 167. Petals pale yellow. Stig-
mas 4, erect, short.
Knee-flowered Fig-marigold. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1727.
Shrub 1 foot.
§ 51. Splendentia (from splendens, shining; in reference to the
leaves, which are covered with glittering papulae, which shine in
the sun). D. C. prod. 3. p. 445. — Digit flora and Crassulma,
Haw. rev. 170. and 172. — Teretiuscula albiflora, Salm-Dyck,
obs. p. 23. Stems suffruticose, branched, erect. Leaves oppo-
site, distinct, somewhat cylindrical, when young furrowed above,
beset with papillce more or less , which glitter in the sun. Flowers
middle-sized, solitary, rarely by threes, white, expanding before
meridian. Calyx generally 5-lobed, rarely 4 or 6-lobed, usually
leaf-formed. Stigmas as many as there are calycinc lobes.
275 M. crassuli'num (D. C. prod. 3. p. 445.) stem suffruti-
cose, erect, decumbent ; branches numerous, rather effuse ;
leaves crowded, thick, linear-lanceolate, channelled, almost with-
out papulae, green; flowers solitary ; 3 of the segments of ca-
lyx membranous at the base, and 2 larger than the rest. Tj .
D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. crassuloides,
Haw. rev. 170. Flowers expanding before meridian ; petals 4
lines long, white, but at length becoming pale rose-coloured.
Stigmas 5, which after fecundation are very conspicuous above
the anthers.
Crassula-like Fig-marigold. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh.
decumbent.
276 M. incomptum (Haw. suppl. 96. rev. 171.) stem suffru-
ticose, branched, bushy ; leaves crowded, rather papulose, erectly
imbricating, semi-terete, firm, almost subulate ; flowers by
threes ; peduncles clavate ; lobes of calyx finger-shaped, acute,
fj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant half a
foot high, pale green. Corolla snow white. Stigmas 5, ramen-
taceous, equal in length to the anthers.
Undecked Fig-marigold. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh. \ ft.
277 M. sple'ndens (Lin. spec. 689.) stem shrubby, erect,
much branched ; leaves distinct, crowded, semi-terete, obtuse,
spreading, somewhat recurved, dotless, rather papulose ; flowers
solitary ; lobes of calyx finger-shaped. Tj . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. — Dill. elth. f. 260. D. C. pi. grass, t.
35. Haw. obs. 209. misc. 61. syn. 257. rev. 172. Flowers
middle-sized, white, shining. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5, thick,
but subulate at the apex.
Shining Fig-marigold. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1716. Sh. 1^ ft.
278 M. sulca'tum (Haw. rev. p. 173.) stem shrubby, erect;
leaves crowded, linear-subulate, semi-terete, channelled, pale-
green, adult ones expanded, semi-terete; lobes of calyx leaf-
formed, acute. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers white. Stigmas 5, erect, not exceeding the stamens.
Perhaps only a variety of M. splendens.
Furrowed Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1819. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
279 M. acuminatum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. vol. 64. p.
426.) stem and branches erect ; leaves crowded, semi-terete,
acuminated, green ; lobes of calyx 5, 2 of which are much more
prolonged than the other 3. Tj • D* G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Allied to M. sulcatum, but differs from all the
species of this section in the lobes of the calyx being very un-
equal. Corolla white, expanding before meridian.
Acuminateddeaved Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
280 M. albicau'le (Haw. in phil. mag. Nov. 1826. p. 331.)
stem and branches erect, slender, and whitish ; leaves subulate,
green, semi-terete, a little recurved, and mucronulated at the
apex. 1? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
white. Like M. acuminatum in habit, but three times smaller.
White-stemmed Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 1 foot.
281 M. flexuosum (Haw. misc. p. 61. syn. 257. rev. 172.)
stem suffruticose, and is, as well as the branches, flexuous, slen-
der, and shining ; leaves crowded, flexuously incurved, very
green, semi-terete ; lobes of calyx finger-shaped. Tj . D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, reddish on
the outside. Stigmas 4-5.
Flexuous-branched Fig-marigold. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1795.
Shrub l|- foot.
282 M. fastigia'tum (Haw. rev. 173. but not of Thunb.)
stems slender, erect at first, but at length becoming decumbent ;
leaves crowded, flexuously reflexed, subulate, semi-terete, glau-
cescent ; lobes of calyx equal, 3 of which are membranous on
both sides. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Corolla of a dirty fulvous-colour on the outside, white and paler
on the inside. M. fastigiatum, Haw. misc. p. 60. exclusive of
the synonyme of Bradl.
Var. (i, reflexum (Haw. rev. p. 173.) lobes of calyx unequal;
stem erect. M. reflexum, Haw. misc. 60. var. a.
Fastigiate Fig-marigold. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1794. Sh. 1 ft.
283 M. umbelliflorum (Jacq. ex Willd. enum. 534.) stem
erect; leaves distinct, nearly terete, papulose ; branchlets 1-flow-
ered. Tj . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The
rest unknown. Perhaps only a variety of M. fastigiatum, Haw.
or a proper species, ex Haw. rev. 174. ?
Umbel-flowered Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 1-| foot.
284 M. longi'stylum (D. C. pi. grass, t. 147.) stem suffru-
ticose ; branches elongated ; leaves opposite, distinct : when
young linear-filiform, but at length becoming a little keeled,
acute, and minutely papulose ; peduncles 1-flowered ; calyx 5-
cleft, with 2 or 3 of the lobes having hyaline margins ; stigmas 5,
exceeding the stamens. 1? . D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. M. pallens, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 279. but
not of Ait. M. pallescens j3, Haw. rev. p. 174. Flowers white,
or somewhat rose-coloured, half an inch in diameter.
Var. /3, purpurdscens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 446.) flowers pur-
plish. M. pallescens a, Haw. rev. 174. M. reflexum /3, Haw.
misc. 64.
L,ong-styled Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub
lj foot.
§ 52 Juncea (from junceus, like a bull-rush, slender; stems).
Haw. rev. p. 175. — Articuldta, Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 24. Stems
suffruticose or herbaceous, rather erect ; branches slender, green.
Leaves opposite, distinct, small, linear-subulate, slender, deciduous
when dry, whence the stems appear to be articulated from the
cicatrices of the fallen leaves. Flowers small, pedunculate, white
or reddish. Calyx 4>-cleft. Stigmas 4.
285 M. ju'nceum (Haw. misc. 175. syn. 255. rev. 59.) stem
shrubby, much branched ; branches articulated, filiform ; leaves
subulate, semi-terete, acute, remote ; flowers terminal, dichoto-
mous ; lobes of calyx 4, very unequal. . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Corolla small ; petals reddish, but whitish
at the base. Stigmas 4, erect, a little longer than the filaments.
M. aphyllum, Hortul. M. articulatum, Thunb. fl. cap. 415.?
Rushy Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1800. Sh. 1 ft.
2S6 M. granulicau'le (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. vol. 64. p.
424.) stem very slender, suffruticose; branches terete, dotted
from numerous grains ; leaves very narrow, obtuse, glaucescent,
semi-terete, longer than the internodes. J? . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown,
u 2
148
FICOIDEiE. I. Mesembryanthemum.
Granular-stemmed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1^ foot.
287 M. micra'nthum (Haw. syn. 257. rev. 174.) stem suffru-
ticose, slender, much branched ; leaves linear, keeled, dotless,
distinct; peduncles 1 -flowered ; calyx 4-cleft, having 2 of the
lobes very long, and 2 very short. Tj • D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. M. parviflorum, Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 3.
t. 278. but not of Haw. Corolla small, snow white, shorter than
the calyx. Stigmas 4, spreading.
Small-flowered Fig-marigold. FI. June, July. Clt. 1804.
Shrub 1-j foot.
288 M. te'nue (Haw. rev. p. 175.) stem suflfruticose ;
branches effuse, very slender, rather secund, articulated ; leaves
linear, channelled, erect, very slender. . D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves hardly half an inch long.
Flowers unknown. Perhaps different from M. micranthum.
Weak Fig-marigold. Clt. 1819. Shrub 1 foot.
289 M. rapa'ceum (Jacq. fragm. 43. t. 52. f. 1.) root tu-
berous ; stem herbaceous ; branches terete, and somewhat
articulated ; leaves distinct, terete, obtuse, dotted, spreading
much; peduncles 1 -flowered ; lobes of calyx filiform ; stigmas
5, spreading. If . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers snow white, 9-10 lines in diameter. Lobes of calyx
nearly equal, or very unequal.
Turnip-like- rooted Fig-marigold. PI. 1 foot.
§ 53. Nodijlbra (from nodus, a knot, and jlos, a flower ; flowers
rising from the knots of the stem, or axils of the leaves). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 446. — Cylindracea, Haw. rev. 163. Salm-Dyck,obs.
15. Roots annual. Stems herbaceous, branched. Leaves nearly
terete or linear, thick, opposite, rarely alternate, papulose. Flowers
axillary, nearly sessile. Calyx 4-5-lobed, exceeding the petals ,
which are small and white. Stigmas 4-5.
290 M, nodiflorum (Lin. spec. 687.) stem erectish ; leaves
opposite and alternate, nearly terete, obtuse, ciliated at the base ;
flowers axillary, nearly sessile ; lobes of calyx very unequal, ex-
ceeding the petals, which are small. ©. D. G. Native of
Egypt, Barbary, Corsica, and Naples, in sandy places by the sea
side. D. C. pi. grass, t. 88. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 480. — Moris,
hist. sect. 5. t. 37. f. 7. — Haw. rev. 166. — Column, ecphr. 2. t.
73. This species is often confused with the two following.
Perhaps the calyx is 4-cleft, as mentioned by Haworth, but in
some plants which have been examined it has been found to
be 5-cleft.
K not-jlowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1739. PI.
\ foot.
291 M. Copticum (Lin. spec. 688.) stem nearly erect ; leaves
distinct, semi-terete, papulose ; flowers sessile in the forks of
the branches ; calyx 5-cleft, exceeding the petals, which are
small. ©. D. G. Native of Egypt. Willd. spec. 2. p. 1037.
Coptic Fig-marigold. PI. 1 foot.
292 M. ape'talum (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 258.) stem diffuse,
rather prostrate ; leaves papulose, distinct, stem-clasping, linear,
flat above, longer than the internodes ; flowers pedunculate ;
calyx 5-cleft, much exceeding the petals, which are very small.
©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. apetalum,
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 180. Haw. rev. 165. M. Copticum, Jacq.
hort. vind. 3. t. 6. Petals 14-18, white. Stigmas 5, short.
Perhaps sufficiently distinct from M. Copticum.
Apetalous Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. pr.
293 M. cadu'cum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 179.) leaves semi-
terete, filiform, distinct, beset with ovate papulae ; flowers lateral,
sessile, terminal, girded by a pair of leaves. ©. D. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. The rest unknown.
Caducous Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Pi. 1 ft.
Subdivision VIII. Planifolia (from planus, level or flat,
and folium, a leaf; leaves flat). Haw. misc. p. 43. but not of
rev. — Papulosa, with flat leaves, Haw. rev. 79. — A'nnua plani-
folia, Salm-Dyck, obs. 15. Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves flat,
beset with papulae.
§ 54. Scaposa (from scapus, a scape or stalk ; in reference
to the peduncles). D. C. prod. 3. p. 447. — Limpida, Haw.
rev. 162. Annual nearly stemless herbs. Leaves opposite ,
almost all radical, linear or cuneiform, quite entire, papulose.
Peduncles 1 -flowered, rising from the root like scapes. Flowers
expanding in sunshine. Lobes of calyx 5, unequal. Petals dis-
posed in one or two series. Sterile filament none. Stigmas 5.
The four last species of this section are hardly known.
294 M. cuneifolium (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 319. icon. rar. 3. t.
488.) stem short, branched from the base, herbaceous ; leaves
opposite, cuneiform, flat, obtuse, rather scabrous from papulae ;
flowers pedunculate ; lobes of calyx 5, unequal, larger ones ob-
long, and contracted in the middle. ©. D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pi. grass, t. 134. M. lfmpidum,
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 183. Haw. misc. 36. syn. 245. rev. 162.
Petals purple, paler on the outside. Stamens very short. Stigmas
5, erect.
Wedge-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1774. PI. ft.
295 M. fyro'peum (Haw. suppl. p. 99.) plant almost stem-
less ; leaves linear, broadest at the apex, obtuse, rather scabrous
from papulae ; flowers pedunculate ; lobes of calyx 5, oblong,
one of them very long. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. M. tricolor, Willd. hort. berol. t. 22. Sims, bot.
mag. t. 2144. but not of Haw. M. pyropeum o, Haw. suppl.
99. M. tricolor a, Haw. rev. 163. but not of his syn. Petals
shining, greenish-purple, white at the base. Anthers black.
Far. /I, roseum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 447.) flowers rose-coloured.
M. pyropeum var. /3, Haw. suppl. 99. M. roseum, Haw.
Far. y, album (Haw. rev. 163.) flowers white. M. lineare,
Thunb. fl. cap. 411.
Wheat- leaved Fig-marigold. PI. foot.
296 M. grami'neum (Haw\ misc. 55. exclusive of the syn. of
Thunb.) plant almost stemless ; leaves linear ; scapes filiform ;
lobes of calyx 5, lanceolate, longer than the corolla. ©. D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Petiv. gaz. t. 88. f. 7.
Corolla yellow. This species is not sufficiently known. Perhaps
it comes nearest to M. tricolor.
Grassy- leaved Fig-marigold. PI. ^ foot.
297 M. criniflorum (Hout. pfl. syst. 2. p. 53.) plant almost
stemless ; leaves radical, connate, obovate, papulose ; peduncles
rising from the root like scapes ; calycine lobes 5, oval, 3 of
them longer than the rest. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 411. M. spatulatum, Thunb. in
Willd. spec. 2. p. 1025. Flowers white.
Hair-flowered Fig-marigold. PI. foot.
298 M. sabulosum (Thunb. fl. cap. 422.) plant almost stem-
less ; leaves radical, stem-clasping, oblong, flat, acutish, fur-
rowed above; calycine lobes 5, oblong. ©. D. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow.
Gravelly Fig-marigold. PI. ^ foot.
299 M. claviforme (D. C. prod. 3. p. 448.) plant almost
stemless; leaves clavate, obtuse; flowers terminal. ©. D. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Petiv. gaz. t. 88. f. 7. M.
clavatum, Haw. obs. 471. misc. 56. rev. 164. but not of Jacq.
Flowers golden yellow. Species hardly known.
C lub-formed-\eaved Fig-marigold. PI. foot.
§ 55. Platyphylla (from w Xarve, platys, broad, and
manent and lateral.
Sarmentose Aizoon. Shrub sarmentose.
8 A. panicula'tum (Lin. spec. 700.) stems herbaceous, de-
cumbent, hairy ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, hairy ; flowers nearly
sessile on trichotomous peduncles. T? . D. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 410.
Panicled Aizoon. PI. decumbent.
■f Species not sufficiently known.
9 A. ri'gidum (Lin. fil. suppl. 261.) stem suffrutescent, de-
cumbent; branches hoary; leaves ovate, acute, covered with
glaucous tomentum; flowers sessile, alternate, second, remote.
F 2 . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl.
cap. p. 409. In the character of this species it does not say
154
FICOIDEjE. IV. Aizoon. V. Miltus.
VI. Glinus. VII. Orvgia. NITRARIACE^l.
whether the leaves are alternate or opposite. The leaves are
said to be ovate in the diagnosis, and in the description obovate.
Stiff Aizoon. Shrub decumbent.
10 A. fruticosum (Lin. fil. suppl. 1. c.) stem shrubby, erect,
glabrous, stiff ; leaves lanceolate, glaucous, attenuated at the
base; flowers sessile. J? . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 410. The description does not mention
whether the leaves are alternate or opposite.
Shrubby Aizoon. Shrub 1 foot.
1 1 A. secu'ndum (Lin. fil. suppl. 1. c.) stem herbaceous, hairy,
decumbent ; leaves ovate, acute, rather petiolate, beset with silky
villi ; flowers sessile, secund, axillary. — Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 409. Leaves a line long; in the
diagnosis they are said to be ovate, but in the description ob-
ovate.
Aecwwd-flowered Aizoon. PI. decumbent.
Cult. This genus of succulent plants is not worth growing
except in botanical gardens. The culture, treatment, and pro-
pagation recommended for the genus Mesembrydnlliemum will
answer well for the species of Aizoon also.
V. MI'LTUS(from piXroQ, miltos, vermilion ; in reference to
the deep red colour of the whole plant). Lour. coch. p. 302.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 454.
Lin. syst. Icosandria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
manent, spreading, coloured. Petals wanting. Stamens 12, in-
serted in the bottom of the calyx ; anthers standing. Ovarium
roundish. Style wanting ; stigmas 5, linear. Capsules 5, con-
nate, each containing one seed. — A prostrate shrub, with ob-
long, opposite, crowded leaves ; and crowded lateral flowers.
This genus differs from Glinus in the petals being absent in the
spreading calyx, and in the capsules being 1 -seeded.
1 M. Africa'nus (Lour. 1. c.) T? . D. S. Native of the
eastern coast of Africa, in arid places, in the islands of the Mo-
sambique. Glinus Miltus, Raeusch. nom. Glinus Mosambi-
censis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 467. The whole herb is reddish.
African Miltus. Shrub prostrate 4 feet long.
Cult. See Sesuvium, p. 153. for culture and propagation.
VI. GLPNUS (a name given by Theophrastus to the maple).
Lin. gen. no. 610. Juss. gen. 316. Lam. ill. 413. D. C. prod.
3. p. 455. — Rolofa, Adans. fam. 2. p. 256.
Lin. syst. Dodecdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, con-
niving, permanent, coloured inside, with 3 of the sepals exterior,
and the other 2 interior. Petals strap-formed, 2-4-cleft at the
apex, from 5 to 20 in number, shorter than the calyx. Stamens
about 15. Ovarium distinct. Style very short or wanting;
stigmas 5. Capsule covered by the calyx, 5-valved, 5-celled.
Seeds numerous, minute, hanging by a very long involute funicle
each. Embryo spiral. — Branched procumbent tomentose herbs,
with alternate leaves or in unequal pairs. Flowers axillary,
almost sessile. The plants have the habit of Aizoon , but the
embryo is that of Caryophyllece.
Sect. I. Glinola (an alteration from the generic name).
D. C. prod. 3. p. 455. Alsine species, Tourn. Glinus, Rafin.
Petals 5. Capsule truly 5-celled.
1 G. lotoides (Lin. spec. 663.) plant clothed with white wool,
diffuse, herbaceous ; leaves obovate, fascicled, unequal ; pedicels
1-flowered, axillary. ©. H. Native of Spain, Sardinia, North
America, north of Africa, Archipelago, and Senegal, Egypt, Asia,
&c. in inundated places ; also of Chili, about Buenos Ayres.
Smith, fl. graec. t. 472. — Burm. fl. ind. t. 36. f. 1. — Barrel, icon,
t. 336. — Bocc. sic. t. 1 1. G. lotoides and G. dictamnoides, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 728. ill. 413. f. 1, 2. Sepals white inside, with red
margins. Pedicels aggregate.
Lotus-li/ce Glinus. Fl. July. Clt. 1788. PI. prostrate.
2 G. dictamnoi'des (Lin. mant. 243.) plant clothed with white
tomentum, prostrate, suffruticose ; leaves orbicular, flat, on very
short petioles ; flowers axillary, nearly sessile. . G. Native
of the East Indies. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 64. — Pluk. amalth. t. 306.
f. 6. Petals yellow.
Dictamnus-like Glinus. Shrub prostrate.
Sect. II. Rolofa (meaning unknown). D. C. prod. 3. p. 456.
— Plenckia, Rafin. speech. 1. p. 194. Petals numerous. Cap-
sule probably 1 -celled.
3 G. setiflorus (Forsk. descr. 95.) plant hoary, suffruticose,
diffuse ; leaves nearly orbicular, in whorles, petiolate ; flowers
axillary, capitate. 1 j . G. Native of Arabia Felix, about Dahi,
in inundated places. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 64. Plenckia setiflora,
Ralin. 1. c. Petals numerous, linear, yellow, divided into 3-4
bristles at the apex. Capsule 1 -celled, ex Forsk. Very like
Glinus lotoides ex Vahl.
Bristle-flowered Glinus. Shrub diffuse.
f Species not sufficiently known.
4 G. ? tri antiiemoides (Roth, nov. spec. 231.) plant pros-
trate, glabrous ; leaves obovate, wedge-shaped, rounded, mucro-
nate ; panicles loose, terete, opposite the leaves. — Native of the
East Indies. This plant differs from Glinus in the petals being
wanting. It is therefore perhaps a species of Miltus; but this
is still doubtful because the number of the seeds are unknown.
Trianthema-likc Glinus. PI. prostrate.
Cult. These plants will grow well in a mixture of sand, peat,
and loam ; and young cuttings of the shrubby kinds will strike
root readily in the same kind of soil. The seeds of the annual
species had better be reared on the hot-bed, and when the plants
are of a sufficient size, they should be planted out into a warm
damp situation.
VII. ORY'GIA (altered from the Arabic name of the plant
Horudjrudj). Forsk. descr. p. 103. Juss. gen. p. 317. diet. sc.
nat. 36. p. 512. D. C. prod. 3. p. 455. — Portulaca species, Vahl.
Lin. svst. Icosandria , Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
manent. Petals numerous (20 ?), lanceolate. Stamens indefi-
nite. Ovarium distinct. Stigmas 5, filiform. Capsule globose,
girded by the calyx, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. — An
Arabian decumbent small shrub, with mealy ovate acute leaves,
and reddish violet flowers. O. portulacifolia is a species of
Talinum.
1 O. decu'mbens (Forsk. 1. c.) T? . D. F. Native of Ara-
bia Felix. Portulaca decumbens, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 33. Tali-
nura decumbens, Willd. spec. 2. p. 864. Leaves bluish.
Decumbent Orygia. PI. decumbent.
Cult. A gravelly or sandy soil will suit this plant, and cut-
tings will root readily in the same kind of soil.
Order CXV. NITRARIA'CETE (this order only contains
the genus Nitrarid). Lindl. introd. nat. syst. p. 163.
Calyx inferior, 5-toothed, fleshy. Corolla of 5 petals, which
arise from the calyx, indexed, valvular in aestivation. Stamens
3 times the number of the petals, perigynous ; anthers innate,
with 2 oblique, longitudinal lines of dehiscence. Ovarium su-
perior, 3 or more celled, with a continuous fleshy style, at the
apex of which are as many stigmatic lines as there are cells in
the fruit; ovula pendulous, by means of a long funicle. Fruit
drupaceous, opening by 3 or 6 valves. Seeds solitary, without
albumen. Embryo straight, with the radicle next the hylum. —
Shrubs with deciduous, succulent, alternate leaves, which are
NITRARIACEAi. I. Nitraria. REAUMURIACEAL I. Reaumuria.
155
sometimes in fascicles. Flowers in cymes, or solitary. The
affinity of Nitraria with Ficoidece is undoubtedly great, espe-
cially with Tetragonia ; but its very different embryo, and the
peculiar aestivation of the petals, which is much more like that
of Rliamnece remove it from that order.
I. NITRA'RIA (so named by Schreber, who first found it
in Siberia, near the nitre works, with other marine plants). Lin.
gen. no. 632. Lam. ill. t. 403. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 58. D. C.
prod. 3. p. 456.
Lin. syst. Dodecandria, Monogijnia. Character the same
as that of the order.
1 N. Schobe'ri (Lin. spec. 638.) leaves cuneate, obtuse, mu-
cronate, quite entire. fj . H. Native of Siberia, about the
nitre works ; and of the Soongarian desert, in salt fields every
where, and about Loktewsk, as well as on the borders of the
Caspian Sea. Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 50. f. a and b. Lam. ill. t.
403. f. 1. Flowers white, disposed in panicled cymes. The
Siberian and Caspian varieties are not different, unless in the
more luxuriant growth of the Caspian kind, which is owing to
its growing in a more humid situation than that of the Siberian
variety.
Schoeber’s Nitraria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1778. Sh. 3 feet.
2 N. tridenta'ta (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 372.) leaves cuneated,
refuse, somewhat tridentate at the apex ; drupes ovate. Jj . H.
Native of Barbary and Egypt, in sandy fields. Peganum re-
tusum, Forsk. ex. Dill. ill. fl.aegyp. Branches spinose. Flowers
white, in panicled cymes. Fruit red.
Tridentate- leaved Nitraria. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1-| foot.
3 N. Senegaee'nsis (Lam. ill. t. 403. f. 2. diet. 4. p. 493.)
leaves obovate, obtuse, quite entire ; drupes trigonal. 1? . S.
Native of Senegal. Flowers white, in panicled cymes. This
species is easily distinguished from the rest by its pyramidal tri-
gonal drupe.
Senegal Nitraria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
•f A doubtful species.
4 N. Billardie'rii (D. C. prod. 3. p. 456.) leaves linear,
attenuated at the base, acutish, quite entire ; drupes ovate, acu-
minated. fj . G. Native of New Holland. Very nearly allied
to N. Schoberi, Labill. mss. but very different from it in the
fruit being ovate conical, as well as from growing in a different
part of the world.
La Billardier's Nitraria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. This is a genus of singular shrubs : they thrive best in
a sandy or gravelly soil, and should be occasionally refreshed
with salted water, or they will not flourish ; they may be in-
creased by layers ; or cuttings planted in sand, with a hand-glass
over them, strike root readily. The N. Senegalensis, being a
stove plant, and N. Biilardieri should be grown in pots, in order
that they may be placed in their respective situations.
Order CXVI. REAUMURIA'CEAE (plants agreeing with
Reaumuria in important characters). Reaumuri&a, Ehrenberg in
ann. des. sc. 12. p. 78. (1827). Lindl. introd. bot. p. 48.
Calyx 5-parted (f. 31. a.), surrounded externally by imbri-
cating bracteas. Petals 5 (f. 31. b.), hypogynous. Stamens de-
finite or indefinite (f. 31.), hypogynous, with or without a hypo-
gynous disk; anthers peltate (f. 31. d.). Ovarium superior.
Styles several (f. 31. f.) ; filiform or subulate. Fruit capsular
(f. 31. e.), with 2 or 5 valves, and as many cells, opening in the
middle of the cells. Seeds definite, villous. Embryo straight,
surrounded by a small quantity of mealy albumen, with the
radicle next the hylum. Shrubs. Leaves fleshy, scale-like or
small, and alternate, without stipulas. Flowers solitary. Dr.
Ehrenberg suggests (ann. sc. 1. c.) that Reaumb.ria and Holo-
lachna, both of which have according to him hypogynous sta-
mens, may constitute a little group to be called Reaumurieez.
The order appears to be more nearly related to Hypericinece
than to either Ficoidece or Nitrariacece, and ought perhaps to
have followed that order among the Thalamiflorce in vol. I.
From the former it chiefly differs in its succulent habit, and
definite villous seeds, agreeing with Reaumuria, at least even in
the obliquity of the veins of the petals, and in the leaves being
dotted. From Ficoidece its hypogynous stamens and seeds dis-
tinguish it ; from Tamar iscinece, its plurilocular ovarium and
distinct styles ; from Nitrariacece, its erect villous seeds, dis-
tinct styles, and hypogynous stamens. Saline matter is present
in these plants in great abundance.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Reaumu'ria. Calyx 5-parted (f. 31. a.), involucrated by
crowded leaves on the outside. Filaments indefinite (f. 38.),
joined at the base into 5 bundles.
2 Holola'chna. Calyx 4-5-parted. Stamens 8-10, mona-
delphous.
I. REAUMU'RIA (so named by Haselquist in honour of
Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur, member of the Academy
of Sciences at Paris, &c. ; author of several Memoirs, Histoire
des Insects, &c. He died in 1757). Lin. gen. 686. Lam. ill.
489. D. C. prod. 3. p. 456.
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 31.
a.), involucrated by leaves on the outside. Petals 5 (f. 31. b.),
furnished with a ciliated appendage on each side at the base.
Ovarium distinct. Stigmas 5-6, filiform (f. 31. f). Capsule
5-celled, 5-valved ; dissepiments easily separated from the valves.
Seeds 2 in each cell, very villous. — Oriental shrubs, with fleshy,
alternate, glaucous, dotted leaves, exuding globules of a saline
alkali. Flowers solitary at the tops of the branches.
1 R. vermicula'ta (Lin spec. 754.) leaves subulate, semi-
terete, imbricated, crowded on the branches, f? . F. Native of
Sicily, Barbary, and Egypt, on the sea shore. Lam. ill. 489. f.
1. Desf. atl. 1. p. 481. — Lob. icon. 380. Flowers white or
pale red. Habit of Chenopodum fruticosum. Hairs on the seeds
rufous, and very stiff.
Vermiculated Reaumuria. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1828. Sh. 1 ft.
2 R. hypericoides (Willd.
spec. 2. p. 1250.) leaves lanceo-
late, flat, rather remote. .
F. Native of Syria, Tauria, and
Persia, in arid places. Lam. ill.
489. f. 2. Ker. bot. reg. t. 845.
Hypericum alternifolium, Labill.
syr. dec. 2. t. 10. R. linifolia,
Sal. par. lond. t. 18. R. cistoi-
des, Willd. enum. p. 578. R. ver-
micultita var. /3, and perhaps also
var. a, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 17. —
Buxb. cent. 2. t. 35. Flowers of
a purplish rose-colour. Hairs on
seeds woolly, (f. 31.)
St. John' s -ivor t-liJce Reaumu-
ria. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1800. Sh.
1 to 2 feet,
x 2
FIG. 31.
156
REAUMURIACEjE. II. Hololachna. CACTE^.
Cult. Elegant little shrubs of easy culture ; they thrive best
in a mixture of sandy loam and peat ; and young cuttings readily
strike root under a hand-glass.
II. HOLOLA'CHNA. This genus having already been de-
scribed under the order Tamar acincce, it is only necessary here
to refer to vol. II. p. 728. where all the details of the genus will
be found.
Order CXVII. CA'CTEjE (this order contains the genus
Cactus, and all the genera recently separated from it). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 457. mem. cact. in mem. mus. vol. 17. p. 1-119.
— Cactoideae, Vent. tabl. 3. p. 289. — Nopttleae, D. C. theor.
elem. 216. — Cacti, Juss. gen. p. 310. exclusive of Grossu-
lari^ae. — Opuntiaceee, Juss. diet. 35. p. 144. exclusive of Gros-
sularieae. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 65. — Cactus,
Lin. gen. no. 613. Willd. enum. hort. berol. p. 30. Link,
enum. 2. p. 21. &rc.
Calyx composed of many sepals, usually indefinite in number,
and confounded with the petals, united and adnate a great
length to the ovarium ; with the tube smooth in the genera Mam-
millclria, Melocdctus, and Rhipsalis ; or with the lobes of the se-
pals crowning the fruit, and having the tube scaly as in the genera
Cereus, Opuntia, and Pereskia. Petals disposed in two or more
series, hardly distinguishable from the inner sepals, and some-
what united to them ; sometimes irregular, and disposed in a long
tube at the base, but distinct at the apex, as in the genera Mam-
millaria, Melocdctus, and Cereus; sometimes equal and distinct
to the very base, forming a rotate corolla, as in the genera Opun-
tia, Pereskia, and Rhipsalis. Stamens indefinite, disposed in
many series, more or less cohering with the petals or inner
sepals ; filaments slender, filiform : in the genus Opuntia they
are irritable to the touch ; anthers ovate, versatile, 2-celled.
Ovarium obovate, fleshy, 1 -celled: with numerous ovula, ar-
ranged upon parietal placentas, which are equal in number to the
lobes of the stigma. Style filiform, sometimes full and sometimes
fistular ; stigmas numerous, either spreading or collected into a
cluster. Fruit fleshy, 1-celled, many-seeded, either smooth and
crowned by the calyx, or covered with scales, scars, or tuber-
cles, and umbilicate at the apex. Seeds, when young parietal,
but when mature imbedded in the pulp with which the cells are
filled, oval or obovate, without albumen. Embryo either straight,
curved, or spiral ; with a short, thick, obtuse radicle ; cotyledons
flat, thick, foliaceous in Opuntia and other leaf-bearing genera,
very small in Melocdctus, and perhaps almost obsolete in Mam-
millaria and other leafless genera.
This order contains fleshy or succulent shrubs, very variable
in habit. Stems usually angular, winged, or regularly beset with
tubercles, rarely terete, usually jointed ; joints compressed.
Leaves usually wanting, but when present small, caducous, and
terete, sometimes like those of Sedum, rarely flat and expanded,
sometimes alternate and disposed in a spiral order, always gla-
brous and fleshy. Prickles or bristles disposed in fascicles,
rising from the axils of the leaves ; in the leafless genera the
fascicles of spines are disposed on the angles of the stem, rising
from tubercles. Flow’ers very variable, show’y, or minute, usually
solitary, sessile, rarely in fascicles, ephemeral, expanding by
night or by day.
It has already been remarked, on more than one occasion in
this work, that the state of that remarkable distention or in-
crease of cellular tissue of vegetables, from which the name of
succulent is derived, is no indication of natural affinity, but rather
to be considered a modification of structure, which may be com-
mon to all tribes. Hence the immediate relationship of Cdctece
is neither with Euphorbiacece, nor Laurinece, nor any other tribe
of succulent plants, but with Grossulariece, in which no tendency
whatever to an increase of cellular tissue exists. Through Rhip-
salis, which is said to have a central placenta, Cdctece are con-
nected with Portulacece, to which also the curved embryo of the
section of Opuntiacece probably indicates an approach. De Can-
dolle further traces an affinity between these plants and Ficoidece.
For an elaborate account of this order, see his Memoir above
quoted.
The fruit is very similar in properties to those of Grossularia,
some being refreshing and agreeable to the taste, others mucila-
ginous and insipid ; they are all, however, destitute of the ex-
cessive acidity of some gooseberries and currants. The fruit of
Cdctus Opuntia, has the property of staining red the urine of
those who eat it. The juice of Mammillaria vulgaris is remark-
able for being slightly milky, and at the same time sweet and
insipid.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
Ofuntia'ce.'e. Ovula, and therefore the seeds, fixed to the
parietes of the fruit.
1 Mammilea'ria. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium;
lobes 5-6, coloured, crowning the young fruit. Petals 5-6,
hardly distinguishable from the calyx. Stamens disposed in many
series. Stigma 5-7-cleft. Berry smooth.
2 Meloca'ctus. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium ;
lobes 5-6, petaloid, crowning the young fruit. Petals 5-6, united
into a long tube with the sepals. Stamens disposed in many
series. Stigma 5-rayed. Fruit smooth.
3 Echinoca'ctus. Sepals numerous, imbricate, adhering to
the ovarium : outer ones in the form of an involucrum : inner
ones petal-formed. Stamens numerous. Style multifid at the
apex. Berry scaly from the remains of the sepals.
4 Ce'reus. Sepals very numerous, imbricate, adnate to the
base of the ovarium, united into an elongated tube : outer ones
shorter and like a calyx : middle ones longer and coloured,
innermost ones petal-formed. Style multifid at the apex. Berry
areolate, tubercular or scaly from the remains of the sepals.
5 Epiphy'llum. Tube of calyx very long, furnished with
remote scales ; limb of corolla multifid, rosaceous or ringent.
Branches flat.
6 Opu'ntia. Sepals numerous, leaf-formed, adnate to the
ovarium : upper ones flat and short : inner ones petal-formed,
obovate and expanded, with no tube above the ovarium. Sta-
mens numerous, shorter than the petals. Stigmas numerous,
CACTEdZ. I. Mammillaria.
157
erect, thick. Berry oval, umbilicate at the apex, either tuber-
cled or spiny.
7 Pere'skia. Sepals leaf-formed, numerous, adnate to the
ovarium, and usually permanent above the fruit. Corolla rotate,
almost as in Opuntia. Stamens numerous, much shorter than
the petals. Stigmas aggregate, in a spiral manner. Berry glo-
bose or ovate.
Tribe II.
Rhipsalidea:. Ovula, and therefore the seeds fixed to the
central axis of the fruit.
8 Rhi'psalis. Tube of calyx smooth, adhering to the ova-
rium ; limb superior, 3-6-parted, short. Petals 6, oblong, in-
serted in the calyx. Stamens 12-18, fixed to the petals. Stig-
mas 3-6, spreading. Berry roundish, pellucid, crowned by the
dead calyx.
Tribe I.
OPUNTIA'CE/E (plants agreeing with Opuntia in important
characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 458. Ovula, and therefore the
seeds fixed to the parietes of the berry.
I. MAMMILLA'RIA (from mamma, the nipple ; the plants
are covered with mammae form tubercles, spirally disposed, the
mammae bearing radiating spines at the apex and deciduous to-
mentum). Haw. syn. 177. D. C. prod. 3. p.458. — Cactus and
Mammillaria, D.C. cat. hurt, monsp. p. 83. — Echinocactus, Willd.
enum. suppl. 30. exclusive of some species. — Cactus, sect. A.
Link. enum. 2. p. 21.
Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering
to the ovarium ; lobes 5-6, coloured, crowning the young fruit.
Petals 5-6, hardly distinguishable from the calyx, and longer than
it, united into a tube with the sepals. Stamens filiform, disposed
in many series. Style filiform. Stigmas 5-7, radiating. Berry
smooth. Seeds imbedded in the pulp. Cotyledons obsolete
(ex Nutt.). Fleshy, succulent, shrubby plants, of a roundish
or subcylindrical form, destitute of a woody axis (perhaps in
all ?), lactescent, leafless ; bearing rather conical, mammaeform,
crowded tubercles, which are disposed in a spiral manner, ter-
minating in radiating spines and deciduous tomentum. Flowers
sessile at the base of the mammae, usually disposed in a trans-
verse zone around the plant. Berries obovate, eatable, crowned
by the marcescent calyx, which at length becomes deciduous.
Tubercles of the stem very similar to the leaves of Mesernbry-
anthemum barbatum.
1 M. magnima'mma (Haw. in pliil. mag. vol. 63. p. 41.)
plant nearly globose, depressed ; tubercles or mammae large,
hard, and very green, when young woolly at the apex, but when
old quite smooth, each terminated by 4 very stiff, radiating, re-
curved, yellow spines : the upper one of which is very minute,
and the lower one much elongated. Ij . D. S. Native of
Mexico. This is a very pretty species. The tubercles are large,
tetragonal, and cylindrical, very broad at the base, and much
depressed ; the spines very strong and very stiff) broadish, re-
curved, furrowed longitudinally, when young pale brown and
black at the apex, but when old wholly black, and with wool at
the base ; wool at the base of the spines vanishing.
Large-teated Mammillaria. Clt. 1823. Shrub L to foot.
2 M. corona'ria (Haw. rev. p. 69.) plant simple, cylindrical,
when young clavate ; tubercles or mammae large, ovate, woolly,
and spiny at the apex ; spines stiff, rising from white tomentum,
exterior ones white : interior ones brown. . D. G. Native
of Mexico. Cactus coroniktus, Willd. enum. suppl. 30. Cactus
cylmdricus, Ort. dec. p. 128. t. 16. but not of Lam. This is a
very beautiful species, and the tallest of all the genus ; it is
about 5 feet high, and half a foot in diameter. Flowers scarlet.
Tubercles or mammae at the top of the stem are the longest, and
as if they were forming in a crown.
Crown Mammillaria. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Sh. 5 feet.
3 M. discolor (Haw. syn. 177. D. C. diss. t. 2. f. 2.) plant
globose, somewhat depressed, almost simple, with glabrous axils ;
tubercles or mammae ovate, hardly woolly at the tips, but bear-
ing spines : outer spines setaceous and white, spreading and
stiffish : inner ones fewer and brown, straight and more rigid.
Tj . D. S. Native of South America. Colla, hort. ripul. append.
3. t. 11. Cactus depressus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 84.
Cactus pseddo-mammillaris, Salm-Dyck. mss. C. Spinii, Colla
antol. 6. p. 501. Plant 3-4 inches high. There are 13-15 series
of tubercles, winding to the right. Flowers longer than the tu-
bercles, more spreading at the apex than in M. simplex, white
inside, but of a dirty reddish colour on the outside.
Two-colour ed-splned Mammillaria. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1800.
Shrub to ^ foot.
4 M. lanifera (Haw. in phil. mag. vol. 63. p. 41. D. C.
diss. t. 4.) plant simple, terete, obovate, clothed with woolly to-
mentum all over ; tubercles or mammae bearing 20 or more
radiating, straight, spreading spines at the apex : outer spines
smaller and white : inner ones strong and fulvescent. Tj . D.S.
Native of Mexico. Cactus canescens, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex.
icon ined- Plant 3-4 inches high. Flowers red, longer than
the tubercles (ex fl. mex.).
Wool-bearing Mammillaria. Clt. 1823. Shrub ^ foot.
5 M. flave'scens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 459.) plant obovate,
rather proliferous at the top ; axils woolly ; tubercles or mammae
ovate, woolly at the apex, and bearing spines ; spines stiff, long,
straight, yellowish. Tj . D. S. Native of South America.
Cactus flavescens, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 83. M. straminea,
Ha w. ex Salm-Dyck. in litt. Cactus flavescens and C. stra-
mincus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. Plant 4-5 inches high. The
tubercles are disposed in 13-14 series, which wind to the right.
Fe(/owisA-spined Mamillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1811.
Shrub ^ to ^ foot.
6 M. fulvispin a (Haw. in phil. mag. oct. 1829. p. 106.)
plant roundish ; tubercles or mammae bearing about 13 spines
each at the apex, about 4 of which are a little longer than the
rest : outer ones horizontal. 1? . D. S. Native of Brazil.
Flowers large, red, nearly like those of M. rhoddntha (Otto),
but probably larger, and the spines are longer ; lower spines 3
lines long, white, almost covering the whole plant : and the 4
upper ones spreading, and 2 or 3 times longer than the rest, of
a fulvous colour.
Brown-spined Mammillaria. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1829. Sh.-jto|-ft.
7 M. prolifera (Haw. syn. 177. suppl. 71.) plant obovate,
proliferous at the base ; axils woolly ; spines long, straight, of
a whitish strawr-colour. 1? . D. S. Native of South America.
Cactus mammillaris prolifer, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 175.
Offsets rising from the plant at the very base, from which it is
easily kno'wn from M. flavescens (ex Salm-Dyck.).
Proliferous Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh.
^ to \ foot.
8 M. de'nsa (Link, et Otto, pi. rar. hort. berol. t. 35.)
plant cylindrical, glaucescent ; tubercles or mammae conical,
dense ; spines numerous, yellowish, 1 of which in each fascicle
is larger than the others. J? . D. S. Native of Mexico, on the
mountains.
Dense Mammillaria. Clt. ? Shrub A foot.
9 M. b'icolor (Lehrn. in pi. nov. hort. hamb. ex bot. zeit.
1831. p. 132.) plant obovate, proliferous at top ; axils woolly ;
mammae twisted spirally, ovate, pyramidal, woolly at the apex,
158
CACTE.ZE. I. Mammillaria.
and bearing spines ; spines setaceous, divaricate, white, 2 of
which are erect in each fascicle, and much longer than the rest,
spaceolate at the apex. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico, on the
mountains.
Two-coloured Mammillaria. Clt. ? Shrub foot.
10 M. simplex (Haw. syn. 177.) plant simple, obovate ; axils
glabrous ; tubercles or mammae ovate, bearing stiff, straight,
radiating spines at the apex, f? . D. S. Native of South Ame-
rica, and the islands. Cactus mammillaris, Lin. spec. 666. D. C.
pi. grass, t. 3. Cat. hort. monsp. 83. Plant 6-8 inches long.
There are about 18 or 20 series of tubercles, winding to the
left. Spines shortish and red. Tomentum short, deciduous.
Axils, when young, rather tomentose. Flowers white. Berry red.
Simple Mammillaria. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1688. Sh.-|to-|ft.
1 1 M. parvima'mma (Haw. suppl. 72.) plant nearly globose,
proliferous at the top; tubercles or mammae numerous, small,
clothed with white tomentum at the apex, each terminating in
10 or 12 rather stiff, dark purple spines. !£. D. S. Native of
South America. Cactus microthele, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494.
The character is from Salm-Dyck. in litt.
Small-teated Mammillaria. Clt. 1817. PI. |-to § foot.
12 M. elonga'ta (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. vol. 17.
p. 109.) plant usually multiple at the base, cylindrical, elon-
gated, a little branched, with the axils broad and naked ; mammae
or tubercles very short, broad at the base, obtuse at the apex,
with the areolae of the younger ones rather tomentose ; prickles
setiform, 16-18 in each fascicle, radiating, yellow, much longer
than the mammae, without any central ones, fj . D. S. Native
of Mexico, where it was discovered and sent to Europe by Dr.
Coulter, as well as all the following species.
Elongated Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PI. foot.
13 M. echina'ria (D. C. 1. c. p. 110.) plant usually multiple
at the base, cylindrical, elongated, with the axils broad and
naked ; mammae naked, very short, broad at the base, and ob-
tuse at the apex, with the areolae of the younger ones rather
tomentose ; prickles bristle-formed, 16-18 in a fascicle, radiating,
spreadingly recurved, yellow, much longer than the mammae,
with the 2 central ones stiffer and brownish. . D. S. Native
of Mexico. Flowers bearded at the base, sessile in the axils,
small and pale.
Hedgehog Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PL \ foot.
14 Si. subcrocea (D. C. 1. c.) plant usually multiple at the
base, cylindrical, with narrow, rather woolly axils ; mammae
ovate, short, with the areolae of the younger ones rather tomen-
tose ; prickles bristle-formed, 16-18 in a fascicle, radiating,
yellow, longer than the mammae, but when old becoming copper-
coloured, without any central ones. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 36. Flowers small, sessile, solitary in the axils of
the mammae, forming a circle round the top of the plant. Style
permanent ; stigma many-cleft. Berry ovate, about the size
of a pea, crowned by the floral remains. Plant 2-3 inches high,
and 9-11 lines in diameter, with 12-15 mammae in each series,
which series bend to the left.
NutcroceoMS-spined Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PI. ^ foot.
15 M. te'nuis (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base, cylin-
drical, with narrow, naked axils ; mammae ovate, with the areolae
of the young ones rather woolly; prickles bristle-formed, 20-25
in a fascicle, yellow, radiating, a little longer than the mammae,
without any central ones. Vi • D. S. Native of Mexico. Coul-
ter, no. 34. Plant 3-4 inches high, and 5 lines in diameter.
Var. /3, media (D. C. 1. c.) stem thicker ; central prickles
wanting or solitary. T? . D. S. Native of Mexico. Plant in-
clines in diameter. Perhaps a proper species, or perhaps M.
ccespitosa, Hort. berol. according to Salm-Dyck.
Slender Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PI. foot.
16 M. interte'xta (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base
cylindrical, with narrow axils ; mammae ovate, much crowded
hidden by the congeries of prickles, with the areolae smoothish ;
prickles 20-25 in a fascicle, stiff, yellow, radiating, interwoven
from the mammae being so close together. Jj . D. S. Native
of Mexico. Coulter, no. 37. Plant 4 inches high, and
1 inch in diameter. Prickles 3-4 inches long, sometimes some-
what echinated. According to a letter received from Dr. Coul-
ter to De Candolle, this and the 4 preceding species will form,
as he conceives, only one species ; the appearance of these
plants have a striking likeness to each other, but these differences
appear to De Candolle real, and permanent, and he considers
them as forming a small group of the genus, remarkable for the
elongation of their stems, and for their yellow appearance.
/?iteram’en-spined Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PI. ^ foot.
17 M. cylindrica (D. C. 1. c. p. 1 1 1 .) plant simple, cylin-
drical, with a few bristles in the axils ; mammae ovate, with
smoothish areolae ; bristles 20-25, in a fascicle, radiating, white,
shorter than the mammae : the 2 central prickles stiff and diverg-
ing, twice the length of the surrounding bristles. 1? . D. S.
Native of Mexico (Coulter). This plant is easily distinguished
from all the preceding, in the colour of the mammae being deep
green, not yellow. Plant 5 inches high, and 1 inch in diameter.
Bristles li-2 lines long, and the central prickles 3-4 lines long.
Cylindrical Mammillaria. PI. § foot.
18 M. e'legans (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, obovate, somewhat
umbilicate at the apex, with naked axils ; mammae ovate, having
the areolae of the young ones rather tomentose ; bristles 25-30 in
each fascicle, white, radiating, stiftish, and with 1-3 stiff, erect
prickles, which are a little longer than the bristles that surround
them. T? . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 48. Plant
2 inches high and 2 inches in diameter.
Var. ft, minor (D. C. 1. c.) plant exactly obovate, one half
smaller than the species, but it is probably a young plant of the
same.
Var. y, glohdsa (D. C. 1. c.) plant larger, globose, with the
upper axils bearded. Perhaps the same, but an old plant.
Elegant Mammillaria. PI. foot.
19 M. ra'dians (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, nearly globose, with
naked axils ; mammae ovate, large, with the areolae smoothish ;
prickles 16-18 in a fascicle, radiating, white, stiff, when young
rather tomentose, without any central ones. Ij . D. S. Native
of Mexico. Coulter, no. 35. There are varieties of this plant
either with an obtuse or a depressed apex, and the spines either
white or yellowish. Plant about 3 inches high, and the same
in diameter. Prickles 5-6 lines long.
/?rtdiati??g-prickled Mammillaria. PI. -j foot.
20 M. irregula'ris (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple, and rather
tuberous at the base, with ovate offsets, and naked axils ; mammae
oblong, with smoothish areolae ; bristles 20-25 in each fascicle,
white, a little reflexed, without any central prickles. \ . D. S.
Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 31. Plant 2 inches high, with
offsets an inch in diameter. Bristles 2 lines long.
Irregular Mammillaria. PI. -g- foot.
21 M. crebrispina (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base;
offsets ovate ; axils naked ; mammae ovate, short, crowded, with
the areolae smoothish ; prickles straight, outer 16-17 radiating
and white, central 3 brown and erect. 1? . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Coulter, no. 14. Plant 2 inches high and 1§ inch in
diameter. The prickles, from the mammae being close, nearly
hide the stem.
Thick-spined Mammillaria. PI. 2 inches.
22 M. conoidea (D. C. 1. c. p. 112.) plant simple, ovate-coni-
cal, with the axils woolly in the young state ; mammae ovate,
crowded, with the areolae rather tomentose while young ; prickles
straight, stiff, the outer 15-16 radiating, but the central 3-5 are
erectly diverging, brown, and rather longer than the ray ones.
CACTE7E. I. Mammillaria.
159
Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 22. Allied to M.
crebrispina, and is perhaps M. c'onica , Haw. Flowers of a red-
dish-violaceous colour, few in number, rising near the top of the
stem.
Conoid Mammillaria. PI. \ foot.
23 M. compre'ssa (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, cylindrically-
clavate ; axils when young woolly and bristly ; mammae ovate,
short, angular at the base, and as if they were compressed be-
neath, with the areolae rather tomentose ; prickles 4-5 in each
fascicle, unequal, white, lower one the longest. P? . D. S. Na-
tive of Mexico. Coulter. Plant 5 inches high, an inch broad
at the base, and 1 ^ inch in diameter at the top.
Compressed Mammillaria. PI. \ foot.
24 M. cornifera (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, globose, with
naked axils ; mammae ovate, thick, crowded, with the areolae
smoothish ; outer prickles 16-17, radiating grey, with a strong,
longer, erect, rather incurved one in the middle of each fascicle.
Tj. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Plant 3 inches in dia-
meter, 2-g- broad. Ray prickles 5-6 lines long, and the central
one 7-8 lines long.
Horn-bearing Mammillaria. PI. ^ foot.
25 M. crinita (D. C. 1. c.) plant globose, depressed, multiple
at the base ; axils naked ; mammae ovate, thick, with the areolae
smoothish; bristles 15-20 in each fascicle, white, elongated,
rather radiating : central prickles yellow, stiff, hooked at the
apex, length of the bristles that surround them. I? . D. S.
Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 28. Plant 1 inch high, 1^
inch in diameter. Bristles 8-9 lines long.
Far. (o, paucisetce (D.C. 1. c.) axils woolly; bristles 8-10 in
a fascicle. Sometimes the bristles are nearly all deciduous.
Coulter, no. 29.
Hairy Mammillaria. PI. 1 inch.
26 M. CiEspmTiA (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base,
tufted, aggregate, globose ; axils naked ; mammae few, ovate,
with the areolae smoothish ; prickles straight, stiff, when young
whitish-yellow, but in the adult state greyish : outer ones 9-11
in each fascicle, radiating, with 1-2 longer, erect, central ones.
Pj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Tufts 4 inches broad.
Offsets an inch in diameter.
Tufted Mammillaria. PI. A foot.
27 M. subangula'ris (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple or multiple at
the base, nearly globose, depressed ; axils for the most part
woolly ; mammae ovate, thick, short, angularly tetragonal from
pressing so close against each other, with the areolae of the young
ones tomentose ; prickles 6-8 in each fascicle, erectly diverging,
unequal, of a pale grey colour. P? . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter. Plant nearly 3 inches high and 1^ broad. Prickles
3-10 lines long.
Subangular-teated Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PI. A foot.
28 M. macraca'ntha (D. C. 1. c. p. 113.) plant simple, glo-
bose, depressed, with some of the axils naked, and some of them
bearded with wool ; mammae ovate, rather tetragonal, with the
areolae of the young ones rather tomentose ; prickles 1-2, very
long, pungent, white, or brownish. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 44. Perhaps the same as M. magnim&mma, Haw.?
Prickles 2 inches long. Plant l-|-2 inches high, and 3-6 inches
in diameter. Prickles rather angular.
Long-spined Mammillaria. PI. A. foot.
29 M. longima'mma (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, or rather mul-
tiple at the base, ovate, or nearly cylindrical ; axils woolly ;
mammae ovate-oblong, dense, with the areolae tomentose ; prickles
9-10 in each fascicle, pungent, of a greenish brown colour. P? .
D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 30. Plant 3-4 inches
high, and 2 inches broad. Prickles 6-9 lines long.
Long-teated Mammillaria. PI. ^ foot.
30 M. octaca'ntha (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, ovate-oblong,
8
nearly cylindrical ; axils naked ; mammae oblong, rather tetra-
gonal, with the areolae of the young ones rather tomentose ;
prickles stiff, the outer 7 in each fascicle radiating and white,
with a central one, which is stiffer, longer, and of a fuscescent-
colour. Pj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 39. Plant
3 inches high, 2 inches broad. Outer prickles 3-4 lines long ;
central one 6 lines long.
Eight-spined Mammillaria. PI. foot.
31 M. leucaca'ntha (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base,
ovate; axils naked; mammae few, ovate-tetragonal, with the areolae
of the young ones glabrous; prickles 6-7 in each fascicle, stiff,
white, sometimes all radiating, and sometimes the one in the
centre is erect. Pj • D. S. Native of Mexico, Coulter. Plant
an inch and a half high, and hardly an inch broad. Prickles 4
lines long.
TVhile-spined Mammillaria. PI. ^ foot.
32 M. dive'rgens (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base,
nearly globose, depressed ; axils woolly and bristly ; mammae
ovate, crowded, with the areolae of the young ones woolly ;
prickles 5-6 in each fascicle, unequal, pungent, white, but
brownish at the apex, diverging, and somewhat tetragonal. P? .
D. S. Native of Mexico, Coulter. Perhaps only a variety of
M. macraccinilia. Tufts 6-7 inches broad, and 2 inches high.
Diverging -spined Mammillaria. PI. foot.
33 M. triaca'ntha (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, obovate, nearly
cylindrical, bluntly truncate ; axils hardly woolly, but with a few
bristles ; mammae ovate, much crowded, with the areolae of the
young ones tomentose ; prickles 3 in each fascicle, erect, white,
iower one the longest, tending downwards, 2 lateral ones very
short. J) . D. S. Native of Mexico, Coulter, no. 46. Plant
3 inches high, and 1§ inch broad. Sometimes there is a fourth
prickle in each bundle, but when this is present it is very short.
Three-spined Mammillaria. PI. A foot.
34 M. sempervivi (D. C. 1. c. p. 1 14.) plant simple, attenu-
ated at the base, depressed at the apex, disk-formed; axils
woolly ; mammae erect, ovate-tetragonal, with the areolae smooth-
ish ; bristles 3-4 in each fascicle, stiff, short, and white, and 2
thick, short, diverging prickles. Pj • D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 57. Plant 2-J inches broad, and 1-J high.
Far. (}, tetracantlia (D. C. 1. c.) plant densely bearded in the
axils; bristles none; prickles 4, short, diverging. Pj . D. S.
Native of Mexico.
Sempervivum-lilce Mammillaria. PI. -J foot.
35 M. discifo'rmis (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, depressed, disk-
formed ; axils naked ; mammae crowded, short, depressed, tetra-
gonal, with the areolae of the young ones rather tomentose, and
of the adult ones somewhat unarmed ; prickles 5, in each cen-
tral mamma, stiff, white, erect. hc . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 50. Plant 3 inches broad, and hardly an inch
high.
Disk-formed Mammillaria. PI. 1 inch.
36 M. latima'mma (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, depressed,
somewhat discoid : with the younger axils woolly ; mammae short,
broadly ovate, at length depressed, transversely oblong, with the
areolae of the young ones woolly ; prickles 16-17 in each fas-
cicle, stiff, yellowish, rather fuscescent at the apex, diverging,
unequal. Pj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 54.
Plant 5 and a half inches in diameter, and hardly an inch and a
half high.
Broad-teated Mammillaria. PI. 1 inch.
37 M. geminispina (Haw. in phil. mag. 63. p. 42. D. C. diss.
t. 3.) plant simple, cylindrically columnar ; axils very woolly ;
tubercles or mammae small, very numerous ; spines small, white,
interwoven, 2 of which in each fascicle are much longer than the
rest. P? . D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus columnaris, Moc.
et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Plant half a foot high. Flowers
160
CACTEiE. I. Mammillaria. II. Melocactus.
red, a little longer than the tubercles. Haworth’s plant appears
to be different from that of De Candolle.
Twin-spined Mammillaria. Clt. 1823. Shrub foot.
38 M. vivi'para (Haw. suppl. p. 72.) plant multiple; offsets
nearly globose ; tubercles or mammae cylindrically ovate, bearded,
marked by a proliferous furrow above ; flowers central, large,
exserted. . D. F. Native of Louisiana, on high hills about
the river Missouri. Cactus viviparus, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p.
295. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. exclusive of Haw. syn. Each
tuft of the plant in its native place of growth is 2 or 3 feet in
diameter. Flowers deep red, almost like those of Cereus flagel-
Iformis. Outer lobes of calyx ciliated. Berries about the size
of grapes, fusiform, greenish.
Viviparous Mammillaria. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1811. PI. i ft.
39 M. glomera'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 459.) plant tufted;
tubercles or mammae clavate, glaucous, tomentose, furnished with
a stellate bunch of spines each at the apex. Tj . D. S. Native
of St. Domingo, in marshes. Plum. ed. Burm. 201. f. 1. Cactus
glomeratus, Lam. diet. 1. p. 257. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. ex-
clusive of the synonyme of Haworth. Flowers red.
Glomerate Mammillaria. Shrub \ foot.
40 M. pusi'lla (D. C. diss. t. 2. f. 1.) plant multiple, round-
ish ; axils a little bearded ; tubercles or mammae ovate, bearing
radiating spines at the apex, outer spines hair-formed and white,
inner ones stiff and pale yellow, pubescent when examined under
a lens, F? . D. S. Native of South America. Mill, dict.no. 6.
Cactus pusfllus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 185. — Pluk. phyt. t.
29. f. 2. ? Plant very small, rather glaucescent, hardly 2 inches
high. The tubercles or mammae are disposed in 5 or 7 series,
which wind to the left. Flowers large, white or pale red, with
the backs of the petals reddish.
Small Mammillaria. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. ^ foot.
41 M. stella' ta (Haw. in pliil. mag. Feb. 1830.) plant irre-
gularly tufted, beset with radiating fascicles of white pubescent
spines ; the lower ones of which are hair-formed, with a few of
the upper ones much stronger and more horizontal, and straw-
coloured at the apex. Tj . D. S. Native of South America.
Cactus stellaris, Willd. enum. p. 30. M. stellitris, Haw. suppl.
p. 72. Lodd. hot. cab. 79. but not M. pusflla, D. C.
Starry Mammillaria. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. ^ foot.
42 M. Missourie'nsis (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 171.) mammae or
tubercles ovate, terete, bearded ; flowers hardly exserted ; berries
scarlet, about equal with the mammae. 1? . D. F. Native of
Louisiana, on the high mountains about the Missouri. Cactus
mammilktris, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 295. Flowers white. Ber-
ries scarlet. This is a much smaller plant than M. simplex , to
which it is nearly allied.
Missouri Mammillaria. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub
4 to ^ foot.
f Species not sufficiently known.
43 M. Heli'cteres (D. C. diss. t. 5.) plant simple, obovate,
glabrous ; tubercles or mammae disposed in numerous, nearly
vertical, regularly spiral series, bearing spreading, straight,
spines at the apex. D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus
Helicteres, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Plant 3-4
inches high. Flowers rose-coloured, a little longer than the
mammae.
Screw Mammillaria. PI. to ^ foot.
44 M. nu'da (D. C. prod. 3. p. 4G0.) plant simple, cylindri-
cal, ascending, glabrous ; tubercles or mammae unarmed. J? . D.
S. Native of Mexico. Cactus nudus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex.
icon. ined. Flowers rose-coloured.
Naked Mammillaria. PI. to foot.
+ The following species are hardly known unless by name ;
some of these names may, however, be referrible to those described
above.
1 M. mitis, Mill. diet. 2 M. conica, Haw. suppl. 3 M.
ccespilosa, Hort. berol. 4 M. canescens, Hort. berol. 5 M.
angularis, Hort. berol. 6 M. chrysantlia, Hort. berol. 7 M.
aurdla, Hort. berol. 8 M.fuscata, Hort. berol. 9 M. atrata,
Hort. berol.
]| The following species were raised in the gardens in 1827
from seeds brought from Chili by Dr. Gillies, but have not yet
been described. The species we have referred to this genus only
from their seedling state, without any knowledge of them when
full grown. The names are under the genus Cactus in Gillies’s
mss.
1 M. spinosa, Gill. 2 M. quadrata, Gill. 3 M. caudata,
Gill. 4 M. coccinea, Gill. 5 M. solildria, Gill.
Cult. Mammillctria is a genus of small singular grotesque
succulent plants. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat, or loam
mixed with brick rubbish, is a good soil for them. The pots in
which the species are grown should be as small as the plants will
allow, and they should be well drained with sherds ; they re-
quire very little water. The pots should be placed on shelves
erected for the purpose in a stove, should there be no house for
the purpose of growing succulent plants, called a dry stove.
The plants are increased by offsets.
II. MELOCA'CTUS (from pr]\ov, melon, a melon, and kok-
roc, cactos, a name applied to a spiny plant by Theophrastus ;
the plants are in the form of a melon, and the angles are beset
with tufts of spines). C. Bauh. pin. 384. D. C. diss. 1826.
Link et Otto, diss. 1827. p. 8. D. C. prod. 3. p. 4C0. — Cactus,
Haw. syn. 172. exclusive of some species. Cactus, sect. B,
Link, enum. 2. p. 21.
Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering
to the ovarium ; lobes 5-6, petaloid, crowning the young fruit.
Petals 5-6, united into a long cylindrical tube with the sepals.
Stamens filiform, disposed in many series. Style filiform ; stig-
mas 5, radiating. Berry smooth, crowned by the dry lobes of
the corolla and calyx. Seeds imbedded in the pulp. Cotyle-
dons small. Plumule large, nearly globose (D. C. Organogr.
t. 48. f. 3.) Fleshy globose simple roundish shrubs, with
deep furrows, alternating with vertical ribs, which are orna-
mented with confluent tubercles, each tubercle furnished with
a starry fascicle of prickles or spines. Spadix or flow'ering head
terminal, cylindrical, composed of mammaeform, much crowded
tomentose or setiferous tubercles. Flowers immersed in the wool
of the head under its apex.
1 M. commu'nis (Link et Otto, 1. c. diss. p. 8. t. 11. D. C.
diss. t. 6.) plant ovate-roundish, deep green, with 11 or 18
angles ; ribs straight ; spines strong, pale brown, unequal, 9 in
each fascicle: lower one the longest: middle one erect. .
D. S. Native of the West India Islands, in salt marshy
places near the sea ; and probably on the main land of South
America. Cactus Melocactus, Lin. spec. 666. D. C. pi.
grass, t. 112. Cactus Melocactus, and C. coronatus, Lam. diet.
1. p. 537. — Bradl. succ. t. 32. Ribs 12-18. Flowers tubular,
red. Fruit red, nearly like those of Mammillaria, but larger,
oblong, and deciduous, protruding from the wool on the head.
Var. ft, oblongus (Link et Otto, 1. c.) plant smaller ; prickles
weaker, and more red. Stem 6 inches high, and thick.
Var. y, macrocephalus (Link et Otto, 1. c.) plant thicker, 14
inches high, and 9 inches broad.
Common Melon-thistle, or Turk’s-cap. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1688. Shrub 1 foot.
2 M. Lama rckii; plant ovate, flattish at the base, with
14-20 angles at the top, which are rather oblique and bluntish
CACTEyE. II. Melocactus. III. Echinocactus.
on the back ; spines red, stiff, rather incurved, disposed in ap-
proximate fascicles, which are very woolly towards the tops of
the angles ; cap roundish, furnished with a few red setaceous
spines ; flowers red. Tj . D. S. Native of South America.
Cactus Lamarckii, Coll. hort. ripul. append. 3. t. 7.
Lamarck’s Melon-thistle. PI. J foot.
3 M. macraca'nthus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 9. t. 12.) plant
roundish, light green, with 14 angles; ribs straight; spines in
fascicles, very thick, whitish, but of a brownish red-colour at the
apex: outer 12 radiating, central, 4 large and straight. T? . D.
S. Native of St. Domingo. Cactus macracanthos, Salm-Dyck,
obs. 1820. p. 1. Haw. rev. p. 69. Flowers unknown, but the
spadix or woolly head is depressed at the top.
Long-spined Melon-thistle. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot.
4 M. pyramida'lis (Link et Otto, diss. p. 10. t. 25.) plant
conical or pyramidal, with 17 angles; ribs rather oblique, cre-
nated ; spines very long, in fascicles, of a brownish red co-
lour: outer 14 radiating in 2 series, with 2 or 3 straight and
very long. \ . D. S. Native of Curassoa. Cactus pyrami-
dalis, Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 4. Stem when young crowded
with spines. Spadix or woolly head cylindrical, depressed at
the apex.
Pyramidal Melon-thistle. Shrub 1 foot.
5 M placentiformis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 460.) plant hemis-
pherical, depressed, green, with 12 or 14 angles ; ribs very
blunt; prickles 8-12 in a fascicle, unequal, recurved, strong.
T? . D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus Melocactus, Besl. hort.
eystet. 4. ord. f. 1. but not of Lin. C. placentiformis, Lehm.
ind. setn. hort. hamb. (1826). Melocactus Besleri, Link et
Otto, diss. (1827). p. 11. t. 21. Lehman’s name being older
than Link’s has been here adopted, as being more apt ; but
Link’s figure and description are far better. Spadix or woolly
head nearly globose, impressed in the vertex. Flowers reddish.
Prickles blackish.
Placenta-formed Melon-thistle. Shrub 1 foot.
6 M. Langsdo'rfij (D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant oblong,
with 17 angles; spines slender, stiff, spreading: top of plant
floriferous, very villous and very spiny. lj . D. S. Native of
Brazil? Cactus Langsdorfii, Lehm. in sem. hort. hamb. (1826).
Flowers yellow. Stamens purple. The rest unknown.
Langsdorf's Melon-thistle. Shrub 1 foot.
■f Species not sufficiently known.
7 M. Sellowii (D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant globose, de-
pressed, glaucescent, woolly and flat in the vertex, with 10
arched ribs ; prickles 7 in each fascicle, recurved : the central 5
much the largest. J? • D. S. Native of Monte Video. Echino-
cactus Sellowii, Link et Otto, diss. p. 16. t. 22. Melocactus
species secundum Salm-Dyck, who confirms that the plant is
woolly at the top, and is analogous to M. placentiformis.
Plant 2 inches high, ana 4-| inches thick. Prickles 8-10 lines
long, fuscescent. Flowers unknown.
Sello's Melon-thistle. PI. foot.
8 M. polyaca'nthus (D. C. prod. 3. p 461.) plant oval,
glaucescent, with a flat woolly apex, and with 21 blunt vertical
ribs ; prickles 8 in each fascicle : the upper 2 of these smaller
than the others. Jj . D. S. Native of Brazil in the province of
Rio Grande. Echinocactus polyacanthus, Link et Otto, diss.
p. 13. t. 16. f. 1. Stem 4 inches high, and 3 inches thick,
attenuated at the base, with narrow furrows ; prickles cinereous.
Flowers unknown.
Many-spined Melon-thistle. Shrub -1 foot.
9 M . ? meloc actoides (D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant globose,
with 10 angles, having the tops of the angles beset with a series
of woolly tubercles ; prickles 7 or 8 in a fascicle, rather recurved,
pale, but becoming gradually brownish towards the apex. 1? .
vol. hi.
161
D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus melocactoides, Hoffms. verz.
2. ? (1826) 3. p. 24. Habit of M. communis.
Melocactus-lihe Melon-thistle. PI. \ foot.
Cult. A grotesque and singular genus like the last, but of
larger growth, and beset with stronger spines, without teats.
The culture, propagation, and treatment of the species are the
same as that recommended for the last genus.
III. ECHINOCACTUS (from v^lvoq, echinos, a hedgehog,
and catcroc, cactos, a name given by Theophrastus to the spiny
plant ; plants beset with spines like the hedgehog). Link et Otto,
diss. p. 11. Salm-Dyck, in litt. D. C. prod. 3. p. 461. — Cactus
species of Haw.
Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogynia. Sepals numerous, imbri-
cate, adnate to the base of the ovarium, united into a short
tube at the base : outer ones in the form of an involucrum :
inner ones petal-formed. Stamens numerous. Style filiform,
multifid at the apex. Berry scaly from the permanent remains
of the sepals. Cotyledons wanting? — Simple, grotesque, fleshy,
ovate or globose, ribbed, leafless shrubs, with the habit of Melo-
cactus ; ribs as if they were formed from confluent tubercles,
bearing on their back fascicles of prickles. The woolly head or
spadix, which is present in Melocdctus is wanting in this genus.
Flowers rising from the fascicles of spines at the tops of the ribs
very like those of the genus Cereus, but the tube is almost
wanting.
1 E. gibbo'sus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant ovate or nearly
oblong, obtuse ; ribs interrupted by tubercles ; some of the
tubercles rather tomentose at the apex, and tipped with fas-
cicles of stiff straight needle-formed prickles ; others in the
outer series naked, elongated, and mammaeform, and a little com-
pressed. 1 j • D. S. Native of Jamaica. Cactus gibbosus,
Haw. syn. p. 173. bot. reg. 137. Plant nearly like that of
Mammillaria tuberculosa, but is not lactescent? Flowers 2,
larger than any other of the genus, quite at the apex of the plant,
which is depressed. The tube of the flower is greenish, and
the sepals distant, with a white expanded limb : lobes obovate,
rather mucronate, disposed in 4 series. Genitals yellow.
Gibbous Hedgehog-thistle. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1808. PI.
foot.
2 E. subgibb6sus (Haw. in phil. mag. Oct. 1831. p. 418.)
plant roundish-oblong, very spiny, with the spines interwoven ;
angles or ribs about 16 in number, and are, as well as the re-
cesses, profound and acute ; fascicles of spines distant. Tj . D. S.
Native near Valparaiso. Plant 5 inches high, and 3 inches
broad, woolly at the base of the fascicles of spines. Spines
straight, 12-13 in each fascicle: the lower ones of these are
whitish or pale, bristle-formed, nearly half an inch long, hori-
zontal : the 6 upper ones prickle-formed, much larger, nearly an
inch long, bulbous, and yellowish at the base, and rufescent at
the apex ; the middle spine of the ultimate fascicles compared
with the rest is straight.
Sub-gibbous Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1830. PI. foot.
3 E. no'bilis (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830. p. 114.) plant
erect, oblong : with many ribs, beset with numerous, strong,
straight, black fascicles of spines. Jj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Cactus nobilis, Haw. syn. p. 174. but not of others. Cactus
reductus, Link, enum. 2. p. 21. Cereus reductus, D. C. prod.
3. p. 463. Plant 3 feet high. Fascicles of spines interwoven,
imbricating.
Noble Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1796. Shrub 3 feet.
4 E. corni'gerus (D. C. diss. t. 7.) plant subglobose, very
obtuse ; ribs almost vertical, interrupted by tubercles, some-
what depressed : all prickly at the top ; prickles unequal,
straight, and needle-shaped : the lower one broad, thick, and a
little recurved at the apex. T? • D. S. Native of Mexico.
162
CACTEjE. III. Echinocactus.
Cactus latispinus, Haw. in phil. mag. vol. 63. p. 41. Echinocactus
platycanthus, Link et Otto, diss. p. 14. t. 14. without a flower.
Cactus cornigerus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers
2-3 at the top of the plant ex fl. mex. an inch long, with a short
thick tube, and brownish imbricating sepals, with a purplish
limb ; lobes nearly linear, acute, disposed in one series.
Horn-bearing Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1823. PI. foot.
5 E. crispa'tus (D. C. diss. t. 8.) plant obovate, retuse at
the apex, and rather umbilicate ; ribs numerous, from 30 to 60,
nearly vertical, undulately curled, and tubercular ; prickles in
fascicles, unequal, straightish. 1? . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Cactus crisp&tus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers
smaller than any other of the genus, at the top of the plant,
purple ; sepals densely imbricated along the tube, oblong-linear,
acute, disposed in 2 series in the limb.
Var. (3, horridus (D . C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 115.)
fascicles of spines approximate ; prickles stronger, more erect
and longer, of a greyish brown-colour.
Curled Hedgehog-thistle. PI. \ foot.
6 E. orna'tus (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. vol. 17. p.
114.) plant nearly globose: with 8 deep compressed vertical ribs,
ornamented with transverse rows of flocky down, with 3 fascicles
on each rib ; prickles 7 in a fascicle, straight, yellow, and one
central. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 40. Plant
5 inches in diameter. Prickles 8-10 lines long.
Ornamented Hedgehog-thistle. PI. \ foot.
7 E. tubercula'tus (Link et Otto, diss. t. 26.) plant nearly
globose, with 8 nearly vertical ribs, and with the recesses nar-
row ; crests very obtuse, tubercled at the fascicles, of which there
are 8 or 10 on each rib ; areola: when young rather velvety ;
prickles 12-13 in each fascicle, grey, with one central straight
strong one, the rest radiating. \ . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter. Intervals on the ribs between the fascicles of spines
8-9 lines. Prickles an inch long.
Var. fl, spiralis (D. C. 1. c.) ribs twisted spirally to the right.
J? • D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Perhaps merely an
older state of the species.
Tubercled Hedgehog-thistle. PI. J foot.
8 E. ? cereiformis (D. C. 1. c. p. 115.) plant nearly cylin-
drical, green, with about 13 compressed ribs, with the recesses
acute, and the crests bluntish ; prickles 7 radiating, and one cen-
tral, in each fascicle, greyish, stiff, slender, with 3 fascicles on
each rib. Jj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Perhaps a
species of Cereus.
Cereus-formed Hedgehog-thistle. PI. \ foot.
9 E. glauce'scens fD. C. 1. c.) plant nearly globose, depres-
sed, glaucescent, with 11-13 vertical compressed obtuse ribs,
with 6 fascicles on each rib ; areolae oval-oblong, when young
velvety ; prickles yellow, straight, with 6-7 radiating ones, and
one central one in each fascicle. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter. Flowers solitary on the top of each rib, rising in the
front of a fascicle. Scales of calyx imbricated, smooth, oval,
acuminated, with membranous ciliated margins. Plant 3 inches
high, and 5 inches in diameter. Intervals between the fascicles
on the ribs half an inch. Prickles an inch long.
Glaucescent Hedgehog-thistle. PI. foot.
10 E. Coulte'ri ; plant nearly globose, depressed, green,
with 13-18 vertical ribs, with both the recesses and ribs acute ;
fascicles 3 on each rib ; areolae oval, when young velvety ;
prickles yellow, stiff, with 7-8 radiating ones, and one erect cen-
tral one, which is nearly twice the length of the others, in each
fascicle. Tj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 43.
E. hystrix, D. C. 1. c. but not of Haw. Plant 5-8 inches in
diameter, and 3-4 inches high. Prickles an inch long, central
ones 2 inches long. Intervals between the fascicles on the ribs
12-1 8 lines in length.
Coulter's Hedgehog-thistle. PI. ^ foot.
11 E. obvalla'tus (D. C. diss. t. 9.) plant obovate-globose,
depressed and umbilicate at the apex; ribs numerous, vertical;
prickles in fascicles, unequal, divaricate, long ; flower solitary at
the top of the plant, surrounded by spines. T? . D. S. Native
of Mexico. Cactus obvallatus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon,
ined. — Tepenexcomitl, Hern. mex. p. 410. with a figure.
Spines whitish, needle-shaped, diverging, intricate. Flower
erect, purple, with the margins of the lobes of the limb white.
Environed- flowered Hedgehog-thistle. PI. foot.
12 E. tenuisbi'nus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 12. t. 19. f. 1.)
plant nearly globose, umbilicately retuse at the apex ; ribs 12,
bluntish ; prickles in fascicles, slender, recurved, 3 or 4 of wThich
are a little larger than the rest ; flowers girded by wool. 1? .
D. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Grande. Plant
green, 2 or 3 inches in diameter. Sides of ribs rather impressed.
Flowers beyond 2 inches long, yellow ; sepals lanceolate, acute ;
petals dilated, obtuse, each mucronated by a red bristle. Style
12-15 parted.
Var. fl, minor (Link et Otto, 1. c. f. 2.) plant smaller ; spines
longer and slenderer, and more bent.
Slender -spined Hedgehog-thistle. PI. j foot.
13 E. melocactifo'rmis (D. C. diss. t. 10.) plant roundish-
ovate, obtuse ; ribs vertical, about 30 in number ; prickles in
fascicles, diverging, unequal ; flowers numerous, in a kind of
whorl beneath the apex of the plant. T? . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Cactus multangularis, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon,
ined. but not of Willd. Spines brownish. Flowers whitish.
Sepals numerous, purplish on the outside, imbricated, and ad-
pressed to the tube ; limb expanded ; lobes oblong, acute, dis-
posed in 2 or 3 series. Stigmas long, 8-12, exserted above the
stamens.
Melon-thistle- shaped Hedgehog-thistle. PI. \ foot.
14 E. Langsdo'rfii (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1826, p.
17.) plant oblong, with 17 angles; spines slender, stiff, spread-
ing ; vertex of plant very villous and spiny, and bearing flowers.
T? . D. S. Native of Brazil. Plant green. Fascicles of spines
approximating, rising from short wool, central spine in each fas-
cicle an inch long, the 6 marginal ones unequal, reflexed, and
spreading. Flowers 2-4, terminal, rising from among w'ool and
spines. Calyx tubular. Petals about 20, yellow. Stigma many-
parted, radiate, purple.
Langsdorfs Hedgehog-thistle. Shrub i foot.
-j~ The flowers of the following species being unknown, some of
them are probably referrible to the genus Melocactus-
15 E. tf.phraca'nthus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 13. t. 14. f. 2 )
plant globose, glaucescent, impressed on the top, not tubercled ;
ribs 15, acute; prickles 10 in each fascicle, spreading: the 4
central ones the largest. Jj . D. S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Rio Grande. The plant is hardly an inch high, and
hardly the same in thickness. Prickles canescent, hardly an
inch long. Flowers unknown.
A sh-coloured-spined Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1825. PI. to
4 foot.
16 E. recu'rvus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 462.) plant roundish, with
15 angles ; prickles broad, very numerous. J? . D. S. Native
of Mexico. Cactus recurvus, Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 3. Cactus
nobilis, Lin. mant. 243. Willd. spec. 2. p. 939. Cactus multan-
gularis, Voigt, ex Steud. Prickles of two forms, outer ones ex-
panded, central ones long, brown and recurved at the apex.
iiecttrt’ed-spined Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1796. PI. 1 foot.
1 7 E. into'rtus (D. C. 1. c.) plant oblong, with 13-16 angles;
angles twisted like a spire at the apex ; prickles middle-sized,
rather incurved. T? . D. S. Native of Antigua. Cactus in-
tortus, Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 2. Haw. syn. p. 174.
CACTEaE. III. Echinocactus.
163
Var. (i, purpureus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 462.) Melocactus pur-
pureus, striisin spiram contortis, Plum. spec. 19. mss. vol. 3. t.
8. Cactus nobilis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 537. Native of St. Do-
mingo. The whole plant is purple, with white prickles. Per-
haps a proper species, or a true species of Melocactus, ex Salm-
Dyck in litt.
/ntorted-spined Hedgehog-thistle. FI. June, July. Clt. 1768.
PI. 1 foot.
18 E. Salmia'nus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 14. t. 13.) ribs 14-
15, bluntish; 3 central prickles erect, ray ones 15, spreading, in
each fascicle. T? . D. S. Native of Curassoa. Plant 4 inches
long, and 4^ inches thick, with the furrows narrow. Prickles
reddish. Top of plant impressed. Perhaps the same as Melo-
cactus pyramidalis, but in a young state. Flowers unknown.
Salm-Dyck’s Hedgehog-thistle. PI. \ foot.
19 E. hy'strix (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830, p. 115.) plant
roundish, usually with 12 angles ; spines straight, an inch and a
half long, fulvous, much longer than the wool from which they
rise. J? . D. S. Native of the West Indies. Cactus hystrix,
Haw. suppl. p. 73. Cereus hystrix, Sweet. Flowers unknown.
Like E. Salmianus, but differs in the plant being more oblong,
and in the spines being much fewer.
Porcupine Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1808. PI. \ foot.
20 E. tubercula'tus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 16. t. 26.) plant
nearly globose, green, depressed at the top ; ribs 8, bluntish ;
fascicles with 3 central straight prickles, and 7 spreading, rather
recurved ray ones, which become gradually smaller from the
centre. T2 . I>. S. Native of Mexico. Plant 4 inches high,
and inches thick, with the furrows narrow. Central prickles
of the fascicle an inch long, the ray ones gradually decreasing in
length. Flowers unknown.
Tuber culated Hedgehog-thistle. PI. -j to ■§• foot.
21 E. gladia'tus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 17. t. 17.) plant
oval-oblong, glaucescent, depressed at the apex; ribs 14-22,
bluntish ; prickles 10 in each fascicle, 3 central ones the largest,
flattened, and elongated : middle one of the 3 erect : ray ones
spreading much. 1? . D. S. Native of Mexico. Plant 5 inches
high, and 4 inches thick. Prickles canescent, crowded at the
top, larger ones 2 inches long. Flowers unknown.
Gladiale- spined Hedgehog- thistle. PI. \ foot.
22 E. subuli'ferus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 16. t. 27.) plant
subglobose, green, not depressed at the apex; ribs 8-10, blunt,
tubercled ; central prickles large, erectish, recurved, and 4-5
spreading, and the 4-6 outer ones, divaricate, and slender, in
each fascicle. T2 . D. S. Native of Mexico. Plant 2-J inches
high, and 2 inches thick, with the ribs evidently composed of
conflated tubercles. Prickles hoary brown ; the larger ones 2
inches long, and the smaller ones about 4 lines long. Flowers
unknown.
Awl-bearing Hedgehog-thistle. PI. to ^ foot.
23 E. depre'ssus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 463.) plant nearly glo-
bose, depressed at the apex ; ribs vertical, about 20 in number,
obtuse, and somewhat tubercled ; fascicles of prickles crowded ;
prickles rising from fascicles of white tomentum, stiff, very pale
brown: central ones in each fascicle 3-4, and 10-12 ray ones:
the lower one of these very strong. Tj . D. S. Native of South
America. Melocactus? depressus, Salm-Dyck in litt. Cactus
depressus, Haw. syn. 173. ?
Depressed Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1798. PI. A foot.
24 E. orthaca'nthus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 18. t. 18.) top
of plant depressed; ribs 18, bluntish; prickles 7 in each fas-
cicle : the central one of these strong, larger, and straight : the
rest spreading. Tj . D. S. Native of Monte Video. Plant
inches in diameter, with narrow furrows. Prickles canescent :
the larger ones 9 lines long, and the rest about 5 lines long.
Flowers unknown.
Straight-spined Hedgehog-thistle. PI. ^ to \ foot.
25 E. arcua'tus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 15. t. 23.) plant
subglobose, glaucescent, not depressed at the apex ; ribs 20,
arched ; prickles 7 in each fascicle, spreading, and recurved.
J? . D. S. Native of Monte Video. Plant 3 inches high, and
2 5 thick, with broad furrows. Sides of ribs not impressed.
Prickles of a hoary fucescent colour, 4-6 lines long. Flowers
unknown.
Arched- ribbed Hedgehog-thistle. PI. A. foot.
26 E. parvispi'nus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 463. Haw. in phil.
mag. Feb. 1830. p. 114.) plant nearly globose, umbilicate at the
apex; ribs 15, compressed ; prickles small, white, fulvous at the
apex, rising from white tomentum, 7-9 in each fascicle : the cen-
tral one of these straight, and the ray ones 6-8 in number, and a
little recurved. Tj . D. S. Native of South America. Melo-
cactus parvisptnus, Haw. suppl. 73. Salm-Dyck in litt. Flowers
unknown. Very like E. meonacanthus, Link et Otto.
Small-spined Hedgehog-thistle. PI. \ foot.
27 E. intrica'tus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 19. t. 24.) plant
oval, green, with a depressed tubercled top ; ribs 20, bluntish ;
fascicles of prickles crowded, 18-20 in each fascicle : the 4 cen-
tral ones of these larger and erect, the rest spreading, outermost
ones divaricate. Tj • D. S. Native of Monte Video. Plant 4
inches high, and 3 ^ thick. Sides of ribs depressed. Prickles
of a hoary-fuscescent colour: the larger ones 8 lines long.
Flowers unknown.
Intricate Hedgehog-thistle. PI. ^ foot.
28 E. meonaca'nthus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 19. t. 15.) plant
oblong, glaucescent, with the top depressed ; ribs 14, arched;
prickles 9 in each fascicle, short and straight, and one central.
. D. S. Native of Jamaica. Plant 6£ inches high, and 4A
broad ; ribs usually bent. Prickles yellowish, rising from short
wool, 4 lines long. The form of the plant is elongated, and like
that of a creeping Cereus. Flowers unknown.
Less-spined Hedgehog-thistle. PI. foot.
29 E. denuda'tus (Link et Otto, pi. rar. hort. berol. t. 9.)
plant subglobose, green, with 6-8 bluntish ribs ; spines 5-8 in
each fascicle, all spreading ; involucrum with few leaves. Tj .
D. S. Native of Brazil.
Naked Hedgehog-thistle. PI.
30 E. tortu6sus (Link et Otto, pi. rar. hort. berol. t. 15.)
plant nearly globose, depressed at the top, green, with 4 arched
ribs ; the 4-6 middle spines in each fascicle a little larger and
thicker than the rest, which are numerous, but all are nearly
equal, spreading, and twisted. Tj . D. S. Native of Brazil.
Twisted- spined Hedgehog-thistle. PI.
31 E. erina'ceus (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830, p. 114.)
plant globular, usually with 14 angles; spines inclining, 9 lines
long, numerous, somewhat recurvedly divaricate, fulvous, shorter
than the tvool from which they originate ; fascicles of spines ap-
proximate. Tj . D. S. Native of South America. Cactus eri-
naceus, Haw. suppl. p. 74. Very like Melocactus polyacanthus,
Link et Otto, in form, but differs from it in the number of the
angles, and in the absence of the woolly flowering top ; but the
fascicles of spines are nearly similar.
Erinaceous Hedgehog-thistle. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. ^ foot.
■f" The two following species from their habit in a seedling state
appear to belong to the present genus, but are not described ;
they are in the gardens of Edinburgh and Glasgow under the
name of Cactus, and have been brought from Chili.
1 E. corrugata, Gill. mss. 2. E.foliosa, Gill. mss.
Cult. See Mammillaria, p. 160. for culture and propagation.
Grotesque plants, with the habit of the last genus.
y 2
164
CACTE^E. IV. Ceregs.
IV. CE'REUS (from cereus, pliant; in reference to the
shoots of some of the species). D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813.
Haw. syn. 173. Salm-Dyck in litt. D. C. prod. 3. p. 403.
Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogijnia. Sepals very numerous,
imbricated, adnate to the base of the ovarium, united into an
elongated tube ; outer sepals the shortest, forming the calyx,
middle ones longer and coloured, innermost ones petal- formed.
Stamens very numerous, united with the tube. Style filiform,
multifid at the apex. Berry areolate, tubercular or scaly, either
from the remains of the sepals, or from their cicatrices when
they have fallen off. Cotyledons wanting ? — Fleshy grotesque
shrubs, with a woody axis, and medulliferous inside ; angles ver-
tical, bearing fascicles of spines, regularly furrowed. Angles or
wings either numerous or very few. Flowers large, rising from
the fascicles of spines or indentures on the angles.
§ 1. Ceredstri (an alteration from the generic name). Plants
standing without support, never throwing out roots. Stems up-
right.
* Stems with many angles.
1 C. multangula'ris (Haw. suppl. 75.) stem erect, with
18-20 angles ; angles very close, blunt ; prickles setaceous, yel-
low, longer than the wool from which they rise. Jj . D. S.
Native country and flowers unknown. Cactus multangularis,
Willd. enum. suppl. 33. Perhaps the same as Cactus Kagene-
kii, Gmel. ex Salm-Dyck in litt.
Many-angled Torch-thistle. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 foot.
2 C. scopa (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 464.)
plant erect ; stem with 30 vertical tubercled angles ; fascicles of
prickles crowded, rising from tufts of white tomentum : ray
prickles setaceous, very numerous and white : central ones 3-4,
dark-purple. . D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus scopa,
Link, enum. 2. p. 21. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. Plant clothed
with short, stiffish, setaceous prickles.
Broom Torch- thistle. Shrub 1 foot.
3 C. seni'lis (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 464.)
plant erect, somewhat club-shaped ; stem with 20-25 vertical
tubercled ribs ; fascicles of prickles crowded, naked at the base,
each fascicle containing 15-20 radiating hair-formed curled bris-
tles, and a straight stiff central spine. Ij . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Cactus senilis, Haw. in phil. mag. vol. 63. p. 41.
Cactus bradypus, Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1825. p. 17.
This is a very singular plant, covered all over with dense hair-
like bristles ; it is of an oblong shape, about 3 inches high, of a
greyish- colour, bent, and hanging, like the grey head of an old
man, hence the specific name.
Old-man Torch-thistle. Clt. 1823. Shrub ^ foot.
4 C. lana'tus (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 68.)
stems erect, branched, with many angles, and clothed with white
wool ; angles membranous, tubercled, and beset with stellate
fascicles of prickles ; central prickle 8-times longer than the
rest. T? . D. S. Native of Quito, near the rivers Aranza and
Guamcabamba. Stem 10-12 feet high. Central prickle of each
fascicle 1 or 1| inch long. Flowers rising from lateral and lon-
gitudinal fissures of the stem, involved in wool. Fruit obovate,
red, with a whitish green-coloured pulp.
Woolly Torch-thistle. Shrub 10-15 feet.
5 C. micraca'ntiius (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p.
115.) plant dividing into many stems at the base, ovate-oblong,
greenish, obtuse, with 13 vertical bluntish ribs, w'ith the recesses
broad, but hardly acute ; fascicles of spines approximating, with
tomentose areolae ; prickles 3 in each fascicle, short, setaceous,
diverging. b* D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 56.
Perhaps a species of Echinocdctus. Plant hardly an inch high
and the same in thickness.
Small-spined Torch-thistle. PI. 1 inch.
6 C. polylophus (D. C. 1. c.) plant quite simple, erect, green,
cylindrical, with 15-18 vertical ribs, and with the furrows acute ;
crests rather repand ; fascicles of prickles approximating, with
the young areolae convex and tomentose ; prickles 8-9 in each
fascicle, yellow, straight, diverging, but the central one is long
and erect. b . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 15.
Plant 30-40 feet in height, without any branch, according to
Coulter.
Many-crested Torch-thistle. Shrub 30 to 40 feet.
7 C. Li'nkii (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1827. p. 16.)
plant oval, green, with 1 3 angles ; ribs obtuse, bearing flowers
at the top from the axils of the fascicles of spines ; 3 central
spines in each fascicle erectly spreading, and the 10 ray ones
slenderer, much more spreading ; stigmas 8. b . D. S. Na-
tive of Mexico. Calyx half an inch long, beset w'ith greenish
yellow scales, which are furnished with purple bristles and white
cobwebbed wool. Petals numerous, truncate at the apex,
yellow, with purple bases. Style yellow. Stigmas purple.
Link's Torch-thistle. Clt. 1828. Shrub foot.
8 C. Le'cchii (Coll. hort. ripul. append. 5. t. 2. under Cactus )
plant ovate, tapering to the apex, with numerous blunt angles ;
fascicles of spines approximate, wmolly at the base ; spines white:
ray ones spreading : central one long and straight. b . D. S.
Native of South America.
Lecche’s Cereus. Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot.
* * Stems with 6-12 angles.
9 C. hexago nus (Willd. enum. suppl. 32.) plant simple,
erect, large, usually with 6 strong ribs ; fascicles of spines middle-
sized ; prickles short, brown. b . D. S. Native of South
America. Cactus hexagonus, Lin. spec. 1. p. 667. Andr. bot.
rep. t. 513. Cactus Peruvianus, D. C. pi. grass, t. 58. — Bradl.
succ. 1. p. 1. t. 1. The plant is about 40 feet high, usually
without any branches, varying with 5-6-7 angles. Flowers soli-
tary, 6 inches long ; having the sepals along the tube greenish
and irregularly imbricated ; limb a little expanded, reddish out-
side and white inside. Stamens greenish. Fruit dark purple,
according to Plumier.
Far. (3, abnorrnis (Willd. enum. suppl. 31.) stem simple, ob-
long, irregularly furrowed, and tubercled ; tubercles oblong,
compressed, unequal, bearing prickles at the apex, and rather
wroolly. b ■ D. S. Native of South America. C. Peruvianus
/3, monstrosus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. diss. t. 11. Flowers
twin, nearly as in C. hexagonus, but more expanded and larger,
with the outer sepals reddish, but the inner ones are pure white
and serrated ; tube striated with green on the outside. Stigmas
9-13, greenish.
Hexagonal Torch-thistle. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1690. Tr. 40 ft.
10 C. Ottonis (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1827. p. 16.)
plant oval, green, attenuated at the base, with 10 angles; ribs
obtuse, bearing the flowers above from the fascicles of spines ;
4 central spines in each fascicle, and 10-14 slender, spreading
ray ones ; stigmas 14. b . D. S. Native of Mexico. Calyx
tubular ; scales acute, greenish yellow', furnished with a fascicle
of purple hairs, and white, cobwebbed wool. Petals numerous,
erosely serrated at the apex, rather diaphanous, yellow. Style
yellow. Stigmas purple.
Otto's Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub foot.
11 C. Peruvia'nus (Haw. syn. 171.) plant large, erect, with
usually 8 angles or ribs ; angles blunt, smooth, glaucous ; spines
whitish, rising from white tomentum, the lower one very small,
and the central one very strong, b . D. S. Native of Peru
and Curassoa. Cactus Peruvianus, Lin. spec. 667. Willd. enum.
suppl. 32. Cereus eburneus, Salm-Dyck, in cat. hort. Dyck.
1822. Cactus Coquimbanus, Molin. chil. ed. gall. p. 140. ex
CACTEiE. IV. Cereus.
Bertol. virid. bon. 1824. p. 4.— Bradl. succ. t. 12. — Lob. icon.
2. p. 25. — Mor. oxon. sect. 17. t. 37. Like C. hexagdnus, but
differs in being clothed with glaucous bloom.
Var. (3, monslrosus (Salm-Dyck, 1. c.) ribs nearly obliterated ;
fascicles of prickles spirally confluent.
Peruvian Torch thistle. FI. Aug. Clt. 1728. Tr. 20 feet.
12 C. HErTAGONUS (Haw. syn. 178.) plant erect, oblong, 7-
angled. Tj . D. S. Native of South America. Cactus hetero-
gonus, Lin. spec. 666. hort. cliff. 181. The plant is said by
Linnaeus to be 1-2 feet high. Perhaps distinct from C. hexagd-
nus and C. striatus. Flowers white.
Seven-angled Torch-thistle. FI. Jul. Clt. 1728. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
13 C. grandispinus (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1830. p. 111.)
plant 8-angled ; prickles nearly 3 inches long ; flowers campa-
nulate, without a tube ; fruit globose, spiny. 1? . D. S. Native
of St. Domingo. — Plum. amer. t. 195. f. 2. Large, bluntly
angled. Spines subulate, 12-13 in a fascicle. Petals obtuse,
lanceolate, serrated.
Great-spined Torch-thistle. Shrub large.
14 C. serruliflorus (Haw. 1. c.) plant 8-angled ; bristles
half an inch long ; petals 5-times shorter than the tube ; fruit
rather conical, large, scaly, unarmed. I2 - D. S. Native of St.
Domingo. — Plum. amer. t. 195. f. 1. Large, bluntly angled.
Bristles about 20 in each fascicle ; fascicles remote. Petals
narrow, lanceolate, serrulate, hardly an inch long, but the tube
is 4| inches long, and scaly. Very like C. hexagdnus, but the
spines are more numerous, longer, and slenderer.
Serrulated- petalled Torch-thistle. Shrub large.
15 C. monoclonos (D. C. prod. 3. p. 464.) plant tall, erect,
with 8 angles; angles blunt, compressed; spines stellate, nearly
equal ; petals emarginate at the apex. 1? • D. S. Native of
the Caribbee Islands. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 191. exclusive of the
synonymes. Plumier has himself made his plant the same as
C. Peruvidnus, but by Linnaeus it has been referred to C. hexa-
gdnus, but it differs from both these species, in the petals being
bluntly emarginate at the apex, and nearly obcordate. Limb of
flower spreading. Style exserted ; stigma 5-cleft. The name
is derived from yovoq, monos, alone, and k\ovoq, klonos, a noise ;
but the application is not evident to us.
Confused Torch-thistle. Shrub 20 feet.
16 C. fimbria'tus (Lam. diet. 1. p. 539. under Cactus') plant
tall, erect, bluntly 8-angled ; prickles setaceous, white ; flowers
with a short tube ; petals fringed. • D. S. Native of St.
Domingo, in arid woods. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 195. f. 1. Stem
the thickness of aman’sleg, and about 18-25 feet high. Flowers
rose-coloured, campanulate, with few petals. Stamens very
numerous; stigma multifid. Fruit globose, red, size of an
orange, beset with prickly tubercles ; flesh red.
jFrmged-petalled Torch-thistle. Shrub 18 to 25 feet.
17 C. hy'strix (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 464.)
plant erect, green, shining, 9-angled ; ribs rather compressed ;
prickles rising from grey tomentum, with 9 radiating ones, 2
small upper ones, and 3-4 strong, central ones, which are painted
with white and brown. Tj . D. S. Native of South America ?
Cactus hystrix, Salm-Dyck. obs. hot. 1822. Old prickles grey,
blackish at the apex. This is different from Cactus Ice'tus of
H. B. et Kunth, and from C. hystrix, Haw.
Porcupine Torch-thistle. Shrub.
18 C. fe'rox (Haw. in phil. mag. 1830. feb. p. 107.) plant
oblong, nearly terete ; with usually 8 ribs ; spines divaricate,
brown, dense. T? . D. S. Native of Brazil. Plant firm, green,
thickly beset with horned spines, and of these there are usually
6 outer radiating ones, 4-5 middle ones, and 1 long central one
in each fascicle.
Fierce Torch-thistle. Clt. 1827. Shrub 1 foot.
19 C. griseus (Haw. syn. 182.) plant erect, longish, usually
8-angled, deeply furrowed, branched at the base ; prickles when
165
old half an inch long, white, but tipped with black. T? . D. S.
Native of South America. The rest unknown.
GVey-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. 1809. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
20 C. crenuea'tus (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822.) plant erect,
greyish green, with 8-9 angles ; ribs blunt, crenulated ; prickles
white, rising from grey tomentum, blackish at the apex, 9 in
each fascicle, radiating and equal, and 1 long central one. T? .
D. S. Native of South America. C. Royeni, Willd. suppl.
enum. p. 32. Stem rather woolly at the apex ; wool grey, at
length falling off.
Var. (3; plant rather slenderer than the species; and the
prickles are shorter. Salm-Dyck, in litt.
Crenulated Torch-thistle. Clt. 1728. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
21 C. cinera'scens (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p.
1 16.) plant simple, erect, greyish green ; with 8 blunt tubercular
ribs, and narrow recesses ; areolae while young convex and vel-
vety ; prickles 14 in each fascicle, white, setaceous, stiff, outer
10 radiating, central 4 erectly diverging, and longer than the
ray ones. b . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 23.
Stem 6 inches high, and 2 inches in diameter. Outer prickles
6-9 lines long : central ones 12 lines long; in fascicles, which
are 5-6 lines distant from each other.
Var. fi, crassior (D. C. I. c.) stem thicker ; fascicles of spines
more distant.
Var. y, tenuior (D. C. 1. c.) stems slenderer ; ribs mote ap-
proximate. Very like C. pentaldphus, but differs in being 8-
angled, not 5-angled.
Greyish Torch-thistle. Clt. 1830. Shrub ^ foot.
22 C. calve'scens (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, or a little branched
at the apex, erect, green, obtuse, and rather umbilicate at the
apex, with 7-8 vertical, obtuse ribs, and acute furrows ; areolae,
while young, convex and tomentose, but at length becoming
nearly glabrous ; prickles 8-9 in each fascicle, brown, stiff, di-
verging : the central ones hardly to be distinguished from the
outer ones. Jj.D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Very like C.
Peruvidnus. Fascicles of spines 6-9 lines distant from each other.
Calvescent Torch-thistle. Shrub 8 to 10 feet?
23 C. margina'tus (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, or a little
branched at the apex, erect, green, obtuse at the tip : with 7
vertical ribs, and acute recesses ; crests obtuse, woolly their
whole length from white tomentum, in consequence of the oval
areolae being confluent ; prickles 7-9 in a fascicle, stiff, grey,
short : with the central ones hardly to be distinguished from the
ray ones. . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 1 3.
Stem 2^ and 3 inches in diameter. Prickles 1-2 lines long. A
very distinct species.
Margined Torch-thistle. Shrub.
24 C. albisfi'nus (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1 822.) plant erect,
greyish green, with 9 or 10 angles; ribs obtuse, very prickly;
prickles grey, tipped with yellow, rising from grey tomentum,
1 1 radiating ones and 4 central in each fascicle. Tj . D. S.
Native of South America. Very like C. crenulatus, but more
slender and more woolly. Old plant only woolly at the apex,
but the young plant all over ; the wool grey. Salm-Dyck, in litt.
White- spined Torch-thistle. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
25 C. rega'lis (Haw. suppl. p. 75.) plant erect, 9-angled,
furrowed ; spines fulvous, elongated, when young about equal in
length to the wool. ^ • D. S. Native of South America.
Fascicles of spines much crowded.
Royal Torch- thistle. Clt. ? Shrub 10 feet.
26 C. strictus (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 32. under Cactus,)
plant erect, green, shining, 7-9-angled ; ribs rather compressed
repand ; prickles brown, rising from brown tomentum : each
fascicle composed of 8 radiating ones, a small superior one, and
3 central ones, which are much longer than the rest. bc . D. S.
Native of South America. There is hardly any wool at the top
of the stem ; the rest unknown. Salm-Dyck. in litt.
166
CACTEdL
IV. Cereus.
Straight Torch-thistle. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
27 C. Haworthii (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 495. under Cactus )
plant erect, large, 5-angled, with profound furrows : spines nu-
merous, usually an inch long, brown. \ . D. S. Native of the
West Indies. C. nobilis. Haw. syn. 179. This species is more
formidable than the rest in the prickles being very large and
numerous. The rest unknown. The Cactus nobilis, Lin. Haw.
and Lam. are very different from each other, and constitute 3
distinct species.
Haworth's Torch-thistle. 1811. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
28 C. au'reus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 465.)
plant erect, green, 7-8-angled ; ribs compressed, very prickly ;
prickles yellow, rising from straw-coloured tomentum, with 8
radiating ones in each fascicle, and some central longer ones.
J? . D. S. Native country and flowers unknown. Differs
from C. Haworthii, in the prickles being yellow, and in their fas-
cicles being more closely crowded.
(7oMe«-spined Torch-thistle. Shrub.
29 C. niger (Salm-Dyck. hort. dyck. cat. 1822.) plant erect,
blackish, 7-angled ; ribs rather compressed ; prickles slender,
fulvous, rising from white tomentum : with 7 radiating ones in
each fascicle, the 3 lowest of these longer than the rest, and 2
or 3 central ones, the lowest one very short, fj . D. S. Native
of South America. Cactus niger, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 495.
Cereus niger, Haw. rev. 70. Said to be allied to C. repandus.
Top rather woolly ; wool grey.
Black Torch-thistle. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
30 C. fulvispinosus (Haw. syn. 183.) plant erect, tall,
usually 9-angled, simple or branched ; prickles strong, yellowish,
when full grown nearly an inch long. T? • D. S. Native of
South America. Cactus Royeni, Mill. diet. ed. 8.
Tawney-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. 1796. Shrub 3 to 4 ft.
31 C. flavispinus (Salm-Dyck. obs. bot. 1822.) plant erect,
pale green, 8- 10-angled; ribs rather compressed; prickles
slender, yellowish, rising from white tomentum: with 8 radiating
ones in each fascicle, the upper ones of these very small, and
3-4 central ones, the upper one of these erect and very long.
J? . D. S. Native of South America. Perhaps the same as C.
flavispinus of Colla, hort. rip. p. 24. Stem hardly woolly at the
apex ; wool grey. There is a variety of this species with 6-
angled stems and longer prickles. Salm-Dyck. in litt.
Yellow-spined Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
32 C. Chiloe'nsis (Colla, pi. rar. hort. ripul. app. 2. p. 342.)
plant ovate, erect, 10-angled ; angles blunt ; prickles pale, pel-
lucid, middle one of each fascicle the strongest ; wool very
short. J? . D. S. Native of Chili. C. Coquimbanus, Hort.
but not of Molin.
Chiloe Torch-thistle. Shrub.
33 C. euphorbioides (Haw. suppl. p. 75.) plant erect, usually
10-angled ; angles strong ; spines unequal, nearly naked at the
base. . D.S. Native of tropical America. There are 3 mid-
dle-sized spines, 2 about 2 lines long, and 1 about 7 lines long
in each fascicle.
Spurge-like Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
34 C. Roye'ni (Haw. syn. p. 102.) plant erect, bluntly 9-
angled ; spines a little longer than the wool, from which they
issue ; floral tube unarmed : outer lobes acuminated, inner ones
the shortest. J? . D. S. Native of the West Indies. Cactus
Roy&ni, Lin. spec. 668. — Royen, lugd. bat. 279. — D. C. pi.
grass, t. 143. C. lanuginosus, Mill. diet. no. 7. Floral tube
greenish. Calycine lobes rufescent ; inner or corolline ones the
iongest, acuminated, and white. Stigmas 12. Fruit red, ac-
cording to Herm.
Royen's Torch-thistle. Clt. 1728. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
35 C. lanuginosus (Haw. syn. 182.) plant erect, bluntly 8-9-
angled ; spines shorter than the wool from which they issue.
\ . D. S. Native of the West Indies. Herm. lugd. bat. par.
t. 115. without a flower. C. repandus, Mill. diet. ed. 8. Cac-
tus lanuginosus, Lin. spec. 667. The fruit, according to Herm.,
is red, not spiny.
Woolly Torch-thistle. FI. Jul. Clt. 1690. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
36 C. repa'ndus (Haw. syn. 183. D. C. diss. t. 13.) plant
long, erect, with 8-9 blunt angles ; angles rather undulated ;
spines longer than the wool from which they issue ; floral tube,
and consequently the fruit, is unarmed : outer lobes of calyx
narrow and much acuminated, almost exceeding the inner ones
in length. Tj . D. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Cactus
repandus, Lin. spec. 667. Ker. bot. reg. t. 336. Cereus gra-
cilis, Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 8. — Trew. ehret. t. 14. Tube of
flower green ; inner calycine or corolline lobes white. Stigmas
8-10. Fruit yellow, white inside.
Repand Torch-thistle. FI. May. Clt. 1728. Sh. 10 to 20 ft.
37 C. subrepa'ndus (Haw. suppl. 78.) plant erect, with 8
angles ; angles compressed, repand ; prickles strong, of a pale
colour; wool very short. Tj . D. S. Native of the West Indies.
Very distinct from C. crenatus.
Subrepand Torch- thistle. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
38 C. ^E'thiops (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1830. p. 108.)
plant erect, bluntly 8-angled ; angles short ; fascicles of spines
very black, as well as the short central wool. Jj . D. S. Na-
tive of Brazil. Very like C. repandus, but much more dwarf
and simple, and very green ; with about 12 spines in each fascicle.
This is a singular plant, from its black spines and black beard-
like terminal brush.
-B?ac&-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. 1829. Shrub.
39 C. polygonus (Lam. diet. 1. p. 539. under Cdctus') plant
erect, branched, with 11 blunt angles, woolly at the apex;
prickles setaceous, grey ; flowers short, with the limb hardly
spreading. T? . D. S. Native of St. Domingo. — Plum. ed.
Burm. t. 196. Flowers white. Fruit reddish brown, tubercled;
flesh reddish. Stem 10 feet high, and 6-7 inches in diameter.
This species is allied to C. repandus, according to Lamarck, but
Spreng’. has joined it with C. griseus.
Many-angled Torch-thistle. Shrub 10 feet.
40 C. ma'gnus (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1830.) plant very
strong, simple, with usually 12 deep furrows, and as many ridges;
spines unequal, very stiff, dark. T? . D. G. Native of St. Do-
mingo. Spines about 12 in each fascicle ; fascicles rather dis-
tant. Flowers large, white.
Large Torch-thistle. Clt. 1829. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
41 C. divarica'tus (Lam. diet. 1. p. 540. under Cdctus )
plant erect, branched, very spiny, and bluntly 10-angled;
branches spreading. . D. S. Native of St. Domingo. — Plum,
ed. Burm. t. 193. Flowers lateral, hardly known. Fruit glo-
bose, golden yellow, warted by large points, or unarmed ; pulp
white and sweet.
Divaricate Torch-thistle. Shrub.
42 C. chloroca'rpus (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
68.) plant erect, branched ; branches fastigiate, 10-12-angled;
angles tubercled ; tubercles beset with starry prickles ; central
prickle in each fascicle 4 times longer than the rest. ^ . D. S.
Native of South America.
Green-fruited Torch-thistle. Shrub 10 feet.
43 C. Lje'tus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) plant erect, pale green,
jointed ; joints 7-angled ; angles tubercled, each tubercle fur-
nished with a fascicle of spines. T? . D. S. Native of Quito,
near Sondorillo. The rest unknown.
Fruitful Torch- thistle. Shrub.
* * * Stems with 3-4 or 5 angles, very rarely with 6 angles.
44 C. virens (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p- 116.)
plant simple, erect, pale green, with 5 vertical, obtuse ribs ;
fascicles of spines remote, having the areola velvety when young ;
CACTE®. IV. Cereus.
167
! prickles 8 in each fascicle, 4 of which are stiff, conical, and
greyish, or blackish, 3 very short and diverging, and 1 large and
horizontal. T? . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Largest
prickle in each fascicle 8-10 lines long, smaller ones hardly 2
lines long.
Green Torch-thistle. Shrub.
45 C. anisaca'nthus (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, erect, deep
green ; ribs 5-6, with the furrows and crests both acute ; fas-
cicles of spines crowded, having the areolae convex and velvety
while young; prickles 10-20 in each fascicle, setaceous, yellowish,
stiff, very unequal, outer ones diverging. t? . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Coulter.
Far. a, ortholdpus (D. C. 1. c.) stems with 6 vertical ribs ;
prickles 10 in each fascicle.
Far. /3, sub spiralis (D. C. 1. c.) stems with 5, rather spirally
twisted ribs ; prickles 20 in each fascicle.
Unequal- spined Torch-thistle. Shrub.
46 C. pentalophus (D. C. 1. c. p. 117.) plant erect, greyish
green, obtuse ; ribs 5, vertical, obtuse ; fascicles of spines ap-
proximate, having the areolae velvety when young ; prickles
5-7 in a fascicle, setaceous, diverging, when young very pale
yellow, but grey in the adult state. . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Dr. Coulter subjoins the 3 following varieties to this
species, which may probably hereafter turn out as many distinct
species.
Far . a, simplex (D. C. 1. c.) stem simple, not rooting; ribs
rather prominent ; furrows broad and obtuse ; prickles white.
Far. /3, subarticuldtus (D. C. 1. c.) stem branched, a little arti-
culated, but not rooting ; ribs irregular, rather repand ; furrows
narrow ; prickles yellowish while young.
Far. y, radicans (D. C. 1. c.) stems rooting ; ribs broad,
short ; prickles yellowish while young.
Five-crested. Torch-thistle. Shrub.
47 C. gra'ndis (Haw. suppl. p. 76.) plant large, exactly te-
tragonal, simple, erect ; prickles usually an inch long, divaricate,
almost interwoven among each other. T2 • D. S. Native of
Brazil. The rest unknown.
GVeai-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
48 C. tjstragonus (Haw. syn. 1 80.) plant tall, erect, usually
4-angled ; angles compressed. Ij . D. S. Native of South
America. Cactus tetragonus, Lin. spec. p. 666. Angles plaited
transversely (ex Spreng). Flowers white.
Tetragonal Torch-thistle. Fl.Jul. Clt. 1710. Sh. 4to6ft.
49 C. panicula'tus (Lam. diet. 1. p. 540. under Cactus )
trunk erect ; branches forming a kind of panicle at the top of
the trunk, tetragonal, articulated at the base ; spines short, in
fascicles; petals rounded at the apex. . D. S. Native of
St. Domingo, in wild places. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 192. Flowers
white, lined with red. Fruit tubercled, yellow. Perhaps this
species is referrible to Jamacaru prima, Marcgr. bras. p. 125.
f. 2. but the figure given by him is too rude to determine this
point.
Panicled Torch-thistle. Shrub.
50 C. Pitaja'ya (Jacq. amer. 151. under Cactus ) trunk
erect ; branches trigonal ; spines in fascicles. Tj . D. S. Na-
tive of Carthagena, in bushy places by the sea-side. Flowers
opening in the night, white, 8 inches long. Fruit scarlet, shin-
ing, size and form of a hen’s egg ; pulp white. Pitajaya is the
vernacular name of the plant.
Pitajaya Torch-thistle. Shrub.
51 C. unuulosus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 467.) trunk erect, very
spiny, and is as well as the branches trigonal ; spines in fascicles,
black ; limb of flowers spreading. Tj . D. S. Native of St.
Domingo. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 194. Cactus Pitajaya /3, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 539. Prickles 2 inches long. Flowers white, beau-
tiful. Fruit greenish yellow, about the size and form of an
apple ; pulp white.
LWwZafedTorch-thistle. Shrub.
52 C. obtu'sus (Haw. rev. p. 70.) plant erect, pale green,
triangular ; ribs blunt ; fascicles of prickles very remote ;
prickles tawny, rising from brown tomentum : with 4 radiating
ones in each fascicle, and a central, elongated erect one. Tj . D.
S. Native country and flowers unknown.
•6/wwf-angled Torch-thistle. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
53 C. Jamaca'ru (D. C. prod. 3. p. 467.) plant erect ;
branches 3-4-angled ; prickles in fascicles, straight ; flowers
cylindrical, with an erect limb ; genitals inclosed. T? . D. S.
Native of Brazil. Jamacaru, Pison, hist. nat. bras. p. 100. f. 1.
Trunk triangular, beset with spines. Flowers white, scentless.
Fruit red, size of a goose’s egg. Perhaps Jamacaru qudrta
species Marcgr. hist. nat. bras. p. 127. f. 3. is the same or a
distinct species.
Jamacaru Torch-thistle. Shrub.
54 C. va'eidus (Haw. in phil. mag. sept. 1831. p. 418.) plant
tetragonal, firm, glaucous at the apex, with the sides nearly flat,
or rather convex at first, with the angles very blunt and spiny
in the middle. T? . D. S. Native of South America. Spines
brownish.
Strong Torch-thistle. Shrub.
§ 2. Serpenlini (from serpo, to creep ; stems creeping and
rooting). D. C. prod. 3. p. 467 . Stems jointed, prostrate, root-
ing or twining.
* Stems with many angles.
55 C. serpentinus (Lag. anal. sc. nat. 1801. p. 261.) plant
creeping, flexuous, and somewhat climbing, with 11-12 very
blunt angles ; bristles in fascicles, much longer than the wool
from which they issue, but which at length falls off ; floral tube
very bristly at the base. I? . D. S. Native of South America.
Willd. enum. suppl. 31. Link, et Otto, abbild. t. 91. D. C.
diss. t. 12. Flowers large, beautiful; lobes bluntish ; outer
ones greenish : middle ones purplish : inner ones white. Stigmas
7. This plant appears to hold a kind of middle station between
the erect and creeping species of the genus, and rarely throws
out roots from its stems. Bristles 7-8 lines long, purplish, also
crowded at the base of the floral tube.
Serpentine Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
56 C. tunica'tus (Lehm. ind. sem. liort. hamb. 1827. p. 16.)
plant erectish, articulately branched ; joints attenuated at the
base, tubercular ; tubercles impressed at the apex, woolly and
bearing spines ; spines coated by a somewhat diaphanous, move-
able membrane. . D. S. Native of Brazil. Joints terete
when young, 1-1 inch long, furnished with fleshy, subulate
leaves, which become at length deciduous.
Coated- spined Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub to 1 foot.
57 C. ambiguus (Bonpl. nav. t. 36. under Cactus') plant erect,
with 9-12 blunt angles; bristles spinescent, longer than the
wool from which they issue ; floral tube bearing bristles at the
base. . D. S. Native country unknown. Flowers very
like those of C. serpentinus, of which it is probably only a
variety, differing only in the stem being more erect, and in the
bristles being shorter.
Ambiguous Torch-thistle. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
58 C. flagelliformis (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 12. Haw. syn.
158.) stems prostrate, with about 10 angles : tubercles crowded,
bearing bristles ; style rather shorter than the petals. 1? . D. S.
Native of South America, and is now to be found in the Arabian
deserts, but has been probably introduced there. Cactus flagelli-
formis, Lin. spec. 688. Curt. bot. mag. t. 17. D. C. pi. grass.
127. This species is very common in gardens, and has trailing
stems, unless supported, which are therefore easily trained to any
kind of trellissing. The flowers are so beautiful, and are pro-
duced in such profusion, that the plant is worth being conveyed
168
CACTEvE. IV. Cereus.
into the house whilst in flower, to adorn any of the rooms : they
are red or pink.
Flagelliform Torch-thistle or Creeping Cereus. FI. Mar. Ju.
Clt. 1690. PI. trailing.
59 C. le'ptophis (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 117.)
plant creeping a little, cylindrical, with 7-8 very blunt, rather
repand ribs ; areolae velvety, but convex in the adult state ;
prickles 12-13 in each fascicle, stiffish, yellow, radiating, having
the 2 or 3 central ones erectish. . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 32. Habit of C. Jlagelliformis, but 3 times
slenderer.
Slender Torch-thistle or Creeping Cereus. Clt. 1830. PI. pr.
60 C. Humboldtii (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. atner. 6. p. 66.
under Cactus ) stems procumbent, with 10 or 12 ribs, glabrous ;
angles tubercled ; tubercles bearing stiff bristles ; style much
exceeding the corolla. h • D. S. Native about Quito, in fields
between Sondorillo and San Felipe. Said to be very like C.
Jlagelliformis. Flowers red.
Humboldt' s Torch-thistle or Creeping Cereus. Shrub pr.
61 C. jcosigonus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stems procumbent,
simple, usually with 20 angles ; angles bearing fascicles of
bristles : style length of petals, 8-cleft at the apex. Jj . D. S.
Native of Quito, in dry places near Nabon. According to the
authors, this plant is sufficiently distinct from the foregoing.
Flowers white.
Twenty -angled Torch-thistle. Shrub proc.
62 C. se'pium (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stem erect, with 11
angles ; angles bearing fascicles of prickles ; stamens and style
about equal in length, but exceeding the corolla a little ; stigma
8-parted. Tj . D. S. Native of Quito, in sandy places, near
Riombamba, at the foot of Mount Chimborazo, where it is called
Pitahaya by the natives. According to the authors this species
is sufficiently distinct from C. Humboldtii. Flowers rose-co-
loured. Fruit red.
Hedge Torch-thistle. Shrub 6 feet.
63 C. Caripe'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stems in fascicles,
elongated, creeping, branched, somewhat tetragonal ; angles
tubercled ; each tubercle bearing a fascicle of stellate bristles,
fj . D. S. Native of New Andalusia, near Caripe, growing
on rotten wood. Very like C. Jlagelliformis in habit, but both
the flowers and fruit are unknown, and therefore the place
which it should occupy in this genus is doubtful.
Caripe Torch-thistle. Shrub creeping.
* * Stems with 5 or 6 angles.
O
64 C. grandiflorus (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 11. Haw. syn.
184.) stems rooting, diffuse, climbing, 5-6-angled; bristles 5-8
in each fascicle, hardly longer than the down from which they
proceed. Tj . D. S. Native of the West India Islands, and in
many parts of the main land of South America. Cactus gran-
diflorus, Lin. spec. p. 668. D. C. pi. grass, t. 52. Andr. hot.
rep. t. 508. — Mill. fig. t. 90. — Trew. ehret. t. 31, 32. — Volk,
hesp. 1. t. 234. This species, when of sufficient strength, will
produce many exceeding large, beautiful, sweet-scented flowers,
like those of most of the species of very short duration, hardly
continuing 6 hours full blown, nor do the flowers ever open
again when once closed. They begin to open between 7 and 8
o’clock, in the evening, are fully blown by 1 1 o’clock, and by
3 or 4 o'clock in the morning they fade, and hang down
quite decayed ; but during their short continuance there is
hardly any flower of greater beauty, or that makes a more
magnificent appearance ; for the calyx of the flower, when
open, is near a foot in diameter, the inside of which being of a
splendid yellow colour, appears like the rays of a bright star,
the outside is of a dark brown ; the petals being of a pure
white add to the lustre ; the vast number of recurved stamens
in the centre of the flower, make a fine appearance : add to all
this, the fine scent, which perfumes the air to a considerable
distance ; there is scarcely any plant which deserves a place in
the hot-house so much as this, especially as it may be trained
against the wall, where it will not take up any room. The
flowers make a most magnificent appearance by candle-light,
sometimes there may be 6 or 8 flowers open upon one plant at
the same time ; and there will be a succession of them for several
nights together, provided the plant is large and healthy.
Greal-Jlowered Torch-thistle or Night-flowering Cereus. FI.
June, Aug. Clt. 1700. Shrub cl.
65 C. spinulosus (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 1 1 7.)
plant a little branched, creeping, and climbing somewhat, nearly
terete, with 5-6 hardly exserted, acutish ribs, and with broad,
bluntish furrows ; areolae, when young, velvety ; prickles 8 in
each fascicle, very short, stiff, when young yellowish, but after-
wards becoming brownish, the lateral ones radiating. • D. S.
Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 27. Habit of the stems like
those of C. grandiflorus, but the prickles are very different.
Spinulose Torch-thistle. Shrub cl.
66 C. pentagonus (Lin. hort. cliff, p. 182.) plant erect,
jointed, slender, pale green, 5-angled ; ribs repand ; prickles
naked at the base, nearly equal, slender, straw-coloured, with
5-6 radiating ones in each fascicle, and 1 central one. Tj . D. S.
Native of South America. Cactus pentagonus, Lin. spec. 666.
Haw. syn. 180. rev. 77. Salm-Dyck. in litt. C. prismaticus
and C. reptans, Willd. enum. suppl. 32. This is a very poly-
morphous species, varying with 3-4-5 angles, sometimes much
compressed, and sometimes the angles are nearly obliterated.
The plant never throws out lateral roots. Flowers large, white.
Pentagonal-stemmed Torch-thistle. FI. July. Clt. 1769.
Shrub 3 feet.
67 C. radIcans (D. C. prod. 3. p. 468.) plant prostrate,
jointed, pale green, with 3-5 angles ; prickles stiff, slender, ru-
fous, naked at the base, with 6-9 radiating ones in each fascicle,
and 1 central one, which is rather elongated. f? . D. S. Na-
tive of South America. Cactus reptans, Salm-Dyck. in litt. not
Willd. It differs from C. pentagonus in the stems being pros-
trate and rooting, not erect.
Rooting Torch-thistle. Shrub creeping.
68 C. hu'milis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 468.) plant jointed, divari-
cate, rooting, green, with 4 or 5 angles; ribs much compressed
and repand ; fascicles of prickles crowded ; prickles about equal
in length to the white tomentum from which they arise : 8-10
radiating white bristle-formed ones in each fascicle and 3 stiffish
straw-coloured, central ones. ^ . D. S. Native country and
flowers unknown. C. gracilis, Salm-Dyck. in litt. but not of
Flaw. Plant humble, with the joints a little elongated and di-
varicating, deeply furrowed.
Humble Torch-thistle. Shrub.
69 C. albisetosus (Haw. rev. 77.) plant creeping, green,
with 5 angles ; prickles bristle-formed, white, stellately expanded,
shorter than the rufous wool from which they arise. Ij . D. S.
Native of St. Domingo. The rest unknown.
White-bristled Torch-thistle. Clt. 1816. Shrub creeping.
* * * Stems with 3-4 angles.
70 C. quadrangula'ris (Haw. syn. p. 181.) plant creeping,
3-4-angled ; angles hardly channelled ; spines 5-7 in each fas-
cicle, hardly stellate. Tj . D. S. Native of the West Indies.
— Plum. ed. Burm. t. 199. f. 1. Flowers white, opening at
night, beautiful, and sweet-scented.
Quadrangular Torch- thistle. Clt. 1809. Shrub creeping.
71 C. tripteris (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 468.)
plant jointed, erectish, rooting, green, 3-4-angled ; ribs much
compressed, rather repand ; fascicles of spines crowded, with
8 radiating ones in each fascicle, and 3 stiffish central ones.
Tj . D. S. Native country unknown. It differs from C. gracilis,
CACTEJi. IV. Cereus.
169
to which it is nearly allied, in the stems being for the most part
3-angled, rarely 4-angled, and never 5-angled, in being more
erect, and in the joints being longer and broader, as if they were
winged, and also in the prickles being longer.
Three-winged, Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub.
72 C. speciosissimus (Desf. mem. mus. 3. p. 190. t. 9. under
Cactus) plant erect, 3-4-angled ; angles toothed; prickles subu-
late, straight, rising from white tomentum ; limb of flower ex-
panded ; genitals declinate. 1? . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Cactus speciosus, Cav. hort. madr. Willd. enum. suppl. p. 31.
Colla, hort. rip. t. 10. but not of Bonpl. Cactus speciosissimus,
Ker. bot. reg. 486. herb. amat. t. 391. Flowers large, of a
beautiful scarlet colour, somewhat violaceous inside. Genitals
white. This is a most splendid plant when in flower, and is now
very common in the gardens.
Var. ft, bifrons (Haw. suppl. p. 76.) plant dwarfer, more de-
cumbent, and throwing out more roots.
Very showy Torch-thistle. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh.
3 to 6 feet.
73 C. triangula'ris (Haw. syn. p. 180.) plant creeping, tri-
gonal ; prickles short, 4 in a fascicle, somewhat decussate. T? .
D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus triangularis, Lin. spec. 666.
Lam. diet. 1. p. 541. Sims, bot. mag. 1884. Cactus triangu-
laris aphyllus, Jacq. amer. p. 152. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 200. f. 1.
— Bradl. succ. pi. 3. without a flower. Flowers greenish on the
outside, and white inside, larger than any of the species. Fruit
naked, scarlet, size and form of a goose’s egg.
Var. ft, major (D. C. prod. 8. p. 468.). Native of St. Helena.
Var. y, pictusiT). C. 1. c.) variegated with yellow.
Triangular Torch-thistle. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
74 C. unda'tus (Haw. in phil. mag. nov. 1829. p. 109.) plant
large, climbing, triangularly furrowed ; joints large, rather lobu-
lately crenated, sometimes like a chain. . D. S. Native of
China. Very like C. triangularis, but much larger; and the
branches are greener and more radicant. Fascicles of spines
[ small.
Waved Torch-thistle. Clt. 1828. Shrub cl.
75 C. se'tiger (Haw. in phil. mag. nov. 1829. p. 108.) plant
erectish ; branches few, quadrangular ; fascicles containing about
20 spines each, 3 or 4 of which are linear, radiating, and nearly
equal, pale. T? . D. S. Native of Brazil. The habit of the
plant is referrible to Stapelia asterias, but taller and the angles
more concave ; wool at base of spines short.
Bristle-bearing Torch-thistle. Clt. 1828. Shrub.
76 C. triqueter (Haw. syn. 181.) plant jointed, erectish,
rooting, green, triangular ; angles repand, with the fascicles of
prickles remote ; prickles rising from fuscous tomentum, ray
ones setaceous and deciduous, central 3-4, stiff, short, and ful-
vous. . D. S. Native of South America. C. prismaticus,
Desf. hort. par. Prickles dirty yellow, 2-3 lines long, rising
from short tomentum. Stem 5-6 feet high, branched. Flowers
unknown.
TVigruetrows-stemmed Torch-thistle. Clt. 1794. Shrub 5 to
6 feet.
77 C. tenuispinus (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1827. p. 125.)
plant weak, branched, somewhat articulated, climbing and root-
ing ; branches very slender and triangular ; bristles very slender,
bent, wool-formed. T? . D. S. Native country unknowm, but
probably in some part of South America. Bristles in crowded
interwoven fascicles along the angles of the stems, which they
hide. Perhaps the same as C. Myosusus.
Slender -spined Torch-thistle. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 foot.
78 C. trigonus (Haw. syn. 181.) plant creeping, triquetrous ;
angles hardly channelled; prickles 5-7 in a fascicle, stellate.
. D. S. Native of the West India Islands. Cactus triqueter
VOL. III.
ft, Haw. misc. nat. 199. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 200. f. 2. Cac-
tus triangularis folidsus, Jacq. amer. 152. ex Lam. diet. 1. p.
541. Flowers white (ex Plum.) and the fruit of a violaceous
scarlet colour ; but the fruit, according to Jacquin, is of a shin-
ing scarlet colour ; there are therefore probably two species
confused under this name.
TVigowaZ-stamened Torch-thistle. Clt. 1809. Shrub cl.
79 C. prisma'ticus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. but not of Willd. ex
D. C. prod. 3. p. 469.) plant articulated, erectish, rooting, green,
triangular ; ribs repand ; fascicles of prickles crowded ; prickles
nearly equal, fulvous, rising from fuscous tomentum, 7 radiating
ones and 2 or 3 central ones in each fascicle. Tj . D. S. Native
country unknown. Plant slenderer and more humble than C.
triqueter ; prickles smaller and more numerous ; and the fas-
cicles are more crowded.
Prismatic Torch-thistle. Clt. 1818. Shrub cr.
80 C. coccineus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p.
469.) plant with long joints, rooting, deep green, triangular ;
ribs compressed, repand ; prickles rising from yellow tomentum,
radiating ones few, pilose, white, and 4 rather recurved, stiff, ful-
vous, central ones in each fascicle. 1? . D. S. Native of
Brazil, among rocks on the mountains. Flowers said to be
numerous, large, and scarlet.
Scarlet-^ owered Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub cr.
81 C. exte'nsus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant
with long joints, rooting, green, triangular ; ribs repand; prickles
rising from fulvous tomentum ; radiating ones pilose, whitish,
10-12 in each fascicle, and 2-4 small, stiff, yellowish, central
ones. T? • D. S. Native country unknown. Perhaps only
a variety of the preceding, but less spinose. Joints much ex-
tended, and while young margined with red ; and with the
prickles and hairs rose-coloured.
Extended Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub cr.
82 C. squamulosus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant
erect, jointed, rooting a little, green, triangular ; ribs much com-
pressed, repandly crenated, furnished with an ovate acute
scale, and numerous white hairs in the crenatures. . D. S.
Native of Brazil. This is a very singular plant, with the sides
of the joints 2 inches broad, and 4-toothed at the angles, and
for the most part margined with red ; teeth as in Stapelia, fur-
nished each with a marcescent scale or leaf. Flowers small,
solitary, when dried permanent, yellow ; petals 6-8, acute. Style
filiform, 8-cleft at the apex. Fruit unknown.
Scaly Torch-thistle. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
83 C. seta'ceus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant
jointed, erect, rooting a little, deep green, triangular ; ribs rather
compressed, somewhat repand ; hairs rising from white tomen-
tum, with 7-9 radiating ones in each fascicle, and in the middle
of each fascicle is a central soft prickle. D. S. Native
of Brazil.
Bristly Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
84 C. myosu'rus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant
rather articulated, erect, rooting a little, slender, margined with
red, 3-4-angled ; ribs crenulated, furnished with pencil-like
fascicles of white hairs at the crenatures. Tj . D. S. Native of
Brazil. Sides of stem hardly 3 lines broad. Pili long, erect,
especially on the young branches. The rest unknown.
Mouse-tail Torch-thistle. Shrub.
85 C. te'nuis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 469.) plant low7, climbing,
acutely trigonal, with some roots issuing from the sides ;
hairs in fascicles along the angles, elongated, soft and adpres-
sed ; flowers sessile, usually with 5 sepals and 5 petals.
• D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus tenuis, Schott, ined.
Flowers small, rose-coloured, hardly open, rising from among
the fascicles of hairs ; tube very short.
Slender Torch- thistle. Clt? Shrub.
Z
170
CACTEJi. IV. Cereus. V. Epiphyllum.
§ 3. Opunlidcei (plants having the habit of Opuntia). D. C.
prod. 3. p. 470. Stems composed of globose joints, horrific
from diverging prickles. Flowers tubular. Style much exserted,
multfid at the apex. Perhaps a projicr genus, intermediate
between Cereus and Opuntia ?
86 C. moniliformis (Lin. spec. 668. under Cactus ) plant dif-
fusely procumbent, much branched ; joints globose ; prickles
strong, diverging. ^ • D. S. Native of St. Domingo. Plum,
ed. Burm. t. 198. Cactus moniliformis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 541.
Flowers and fruit red ; floral tube elongated, as in Cereus ;
limb short, spreading. Style much exserted. Stigmas 8-10,
spreading.
Necklace-formedT orch-thistle. Shrub procumbent.
87 C. sf/rpens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 68.
under Cactus) plant creeping, branched, rather angular ; areolae
6-angled, prickly at the apex ; flowers tubular. Tj . D. S. Na-
tive of Quito, on dry hills on the banks of the river Guanca-
bamba, near Sondorillo. Flowers flesh-coloured; petals 8-12,
acute ; stigmas 8, approximate. Perhaps a species of Opuntia.
Creeping Torch-thistle. Shrub cr.
88 C. na'nus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. under Cactus) plant
creeping and jointed; joints terete, rather compressed, areolate,
prickly, a little branched. 1/ . D. S. Native of Quito, near
Sondorillo, on the banks of the Guancabamba. The rest un-
known.
Dwarf Torch-thistle. Shrub proc. 2 to 3 inches.
89 C. gra'cilis (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1827. p. 126.) plant
erectish, nearly terete ; old spines solitary, straight, an inch
long, but at first twin or more, white, ij . D. S. Native of
South America. Plant with the habit of Euphorbia liystrix, but
less spiny and the spines shorter. It appears to be more nearly
allied to C. nanus than to any other species.
Weak Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub.
f The following species are in the gardens, but nothing is
known of them but the names.
1 C. rosaceus, Hort. berol. 2 C. Deppii, Hort. berol.
3 C. incrustatus, Hort. berol. 4 C. exerens, Hort. berol. 5 C.
affinis, Hort. berol. 6 C. proteifbrmis, Hort. par. 7 C. Col-
villi, Sw'eet. 8 C. ovatus, Gill, (under Cactus). 9 C. po-
lymbrphus, Gill, (under Cactus).
Cult. The same kind of soil recommended for Mammillaria,
p. 160. will answer the species of this genus; and they are
easily propagated by cuttings, which if left to lie a few days
after being separated from the mother plant, strike root readily.
In order to have several species on one tree, insert them in a
plant of Pereslcia.
V. EPIPHY'LLUM (from ewi, epi, upon, and (pvWov, phyllon,
a leaf : flowers rising from the flat branches, which appear like
leaves). Herm. par. bat. add. (ex Dill.). Haw. syn. succ. p.
197. phil. mag. aug. 1829. p. 108 — Phyllarthus, Neck. elem.
1. p. 85. Cereus, § 3. A lata, D. C. prod. 3. p. 469. Cactus
species of Lin. and others.
Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogynia. Tube of corolla very
long, middle-sized, or very short, furnished with remote, un-
armed scales, rising from the crenatures of the branches, among
small innocuous spines. Limb of corolla fugaceous, deeply
multifid, and as if it were polypetalous, rosaceous or more or
less of a ringent form. Branched, slender, hardly climbing
subshrubs, natives of South America, growing among rocks
or on the trunks of old trees ; branches much compressed, 2-
edged, thin but fleshy, lobately crenated, green, smooth ; with a
slender, woody, central axis. Flowers solitary, usually large
and showy, white, rose-coloured, or scarlet, rarely sweet-scented.
The branches towards the roots are rather angular. The rest
as in Cereus, of which perhaps it is merely a section.
Sect. I. Noctu'rna (from nocturnus, nightly, or in the night ;
in reference to the time at which the flowers expand). Haw. in
phil. mag. aug. 1829. p. 107. Corollas fugaceous, sweet-scented,
white, expanding alone at night ; tube very long.
1 E. phylla'nthus (Haw. syn. 197.) corolla small, much
shorter than the tube, which is nearly a foot in length ; stigmas
10. Jj . D. S. Native of South America, in Brazil, Guiana,
Surinam, Guadaloupe, &c. Cactus phyllanthus, Lin. spec. 670.
D. C. pi. grass, t. 145. Opuntia phyllanthus, Mill. diet. no. 9.
Cereus phyllanthus, D. C. prod. 3. p. 469. — Dill. elth. t. 64.
f. 74. Flowers white, 9-12 inches long, expanding at night,
sweet-scented.
Leaf-flowering Epiphyllum. FI. Ju. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 to 3 ft.
2 E. Hooke'ri (Haw. 1. c.) corolla middle-sized, much shorter
than the tube, which is about half a foot long ; stigmas
usually 13. . D. S. Native of South America. Flowers
white, sweet-scented. Cactus phyllanthus, Hook. bot. mag.
2692. Flowers white, sweet-scented.
Hooker's Epiphyllum. FI. June, July. Clt.? Sh. 2 feet.
Sect. II. Diu'rna (from diurnus, belonging to the day-time ;
in allusion to the time of the blossoms expanding). Haw. in
phil. mag. aug. 1829. Corollas scentless, open day and night;
tube middle-sized or very short.
3 E. phyllanthoides (Haw. I. c.) corolla large, rosaceous ;
tube middle-sized, shorter than the oblong-lanceolate petals ;
stigmas 7. f? . D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus phyllan-
thoides, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 84. Sims, bot. mag.
2092. D. C. prod. 3. p. 469. Cactus speciosus, Ker. bot. reg.
304. Bonpl. nav. t. 3. Epiphyll. speciosum, Haw. suppl. p.
84. Cactus elegans, Link, enum. 2. p. 25. Cactus alatus,
Willd. enum. suppl. 35. — Hern. mex. 292. f. 3. and t. 457. —
Pluk. phyt. t. 247. f. 5. Flowers pale rose-coloured, 4 inches
long, scentless. Branches flat, without any spines in the notches
except when young.
Phyllanthus -like or Common Epiphyllum. FI. June, July.
Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
4 E. Vande'sii (Hortul.) branches flat or triquetrous, with
no spines in the notches, except when young, when there are a
few small ones at the base ; branches rather convex, fj .
D. S. A hybrid raised in the garden of the Count de Vandes
at Bayswater, from the seed of E. phyllanthoides, impregnated
by the pollen of Cereus speciosissimus. The flowers are large,
and of a deep red colour, and, upon the whole, it may be consi-
dered the most splendid of the genus.
Count De Vandes' Epiphyllum, or Hybrid Cactus. FI. June,
July. Hybrid shrub.
5 E. Jenkinsonii ; branches round or triquetrous at the base,
but always flat at the apex, with the notches more prominent and
spiny than in any other species of the genus ; the branches are like-
wise more convex and firm. Tj . D. S. A hybrid, raised from
the seeds of Cereus speciosissimus, impregnated by the pollen of
Epiphyllum speciosum. Cactus Jenkensonii, Hortul. The
flowers of this hybrid are large, and of a deep scarlet-colour, and
are said even to outvie in splendour those of E. Vandesii. There
are several other hybrids now in various gardens, raised from the
same parents as the present plant, which may prove even
superior in splendour to any of the genus, but they have not yet
flowered.
Jenkinson's Epiphyllum or Hybrid Cactus. FI. Ju. July. Hy-
brid. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 E. oxype'talum (Haw. 1. c.) tube of flower length of the
acuminated lobes ; flowers sessile ; fruit nerved longitudinally.
CACTEiE. V. Epiphyllum. VE Opuntia. 171
. D. S. Native of Mexico Cereus oxypetalus, D. C. prod.
3. p. 470. Flowers 4 inches long, reddish brown on the out-
side, and white inside. Berry red, oblong, ribbed, attenuated at
both ends. Branches like those of E. phy llant hoide s.
Sharp-petalled Epiphyllum. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
7 E. ala'tum (Haw. suppl. p. 84.) corolla small, greenish
white; tube very short ; berry blackish. Tj . D. S. Native of
Jamaica, on the trunks of trees. Cereus alatus, D. C. prod. 3.
p. 470. Cactus alatus, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 878. Link. enum.
2. p. 24. exclusive of the D. C. syn.
Winged Epiphyllum. Fl. June. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
8 E. Akerma'nni (Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1829. p. 108.)
corolla large, rather ringent, assurgent before expansion, and
acute at the apex, nearly 4 times longer than the tube ; stigmas
7. . D. S. Native of Mexico, from whence it was brought
by a Mr. Akermann. Cactus Akermanni, Hortul. Flowers
large, scarlet. Petals keeled, a little recurved at the apex.
Branches flat, thin, seldom with any spines in the notches except
when young.
Akermann' s Epiphyllum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. Shrub
1 to 3 feet.
9 E. crispa'tum (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830. p. 109.)
branches cuneate-oblong, waved ; margins appearing curled
from large crenatures. f? . D. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers
not seen.
CwrRd-branched Epiphyllum. Clt. 1829. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
10 E. trunca'tum (Haw. suppl. p. 85. et in phil. mag. vol. 4.
p. 1 88.) corolla reflexed, ringent; tube very short ; branchlets
dichotomous, truncate at the apex. . D. S. Native of South
America. Cactus truncatus, Link. enum. 2. p. 24. Ker, bot.
reg. 696. Sims, bot. mag. 2526. Hook. exot. fl. t. 20. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1207. Cereus truncatus, D. C. prod. 3. p. 470. Flowers
rising from the truncate tops of the branches, red or rose-co-
loured, hardly 3 inches long, oblique ; stamens white, ascending ;
stigmas 7, closely conniving. Joints of stem compressed. This
species appears to be an intermediate plant joining Epiphyllum
with Opuntia. It is a very elegant plant when in blossom.
Truncate Epiphyllum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub
1 foot.
I Cult. The species of Epiphyllum are extremely showy when
in flower. Their culture and propagation are the same as that
recommended for the last genus. They are known at first from
all the other genera of this order by their flat elongated branches.
VI. OPU NTIA (some species grows plentiful near Opus, a
city of Locris). Tourn. inst. 239. t. 122. Mill. diet. Haw. syn.
187. D. C. prod. 3. p. 471. — Tuna, Dill. hort. elth. f. 379. and
383. — Cactus Opuntia, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 33. D. C. cat.
hort. monsp. Link, enum. 2. p. 23.
Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Sepals numerous, leaf-
formed, adnate to the ovarium : upper ones flat and short : inner
ones petal-formed, obovate, rosaceous, expanded : without any
tube above the ovarium. Stamens numerous, shorter than the
petals. Style cylindrical, constricted at the base; stigmas many,
thick, erect. Berry ovate, umbilicate at the apex, tubercled, and
usually bearing spines. Embryo rather spiral, nearly terete.
Cotyledons semi-terete (ex Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 138.), after germi-
nation becoming foliaceous, and flat, but thickish. (see Dill. elth.
f. 381.) Plumule small. — Shrubs, with the trunk at length be-
coming terete, but having the young branches very rarely cylin-
drical, but usually more or less compressed, and jointed ; joints
ovate or oblong, bearing fascicles of spines or bristles, which are
disposed in a quincuncial or spiral order. Leaves nearly the
form of those of some species of Sedum, but fall off very soon,
one under each fascicle of spines or bristles on the branches
when young. Flowers rising from the fascicles of spines or
bristles, or from the edges of the joints, either yellow or reddish.
Stamens rather irritable to the touch.
Sect. I. Cylindra'ce.® (from cylindraceus, like a roller ; in
allusion to the cylindrical branches). D. C. prod. 3. p. 471.
Stems cylindrical, neither jointed, nor furrowed, but bearing areo-
late convex tubercles, and fascicles of prickles. The species of
this section are not sufficiently known, or probably they would
have constituted an intermediate genus between Cereus and
Opuntia.
1 O. rosea (D. C. diss. t. 15.) plant erect, rose-coloured;
stems and branches tubercular ; tubercles oblong, depressed,
disposed in spiral series, bearing each at the apex a caducous
leaf, and a fascicle of straight white prickles ; flowers nearly ro-
tate, usually by fours at the tops of the branches. T? . D. S.
Native of Mexico. Cactus subquadriflorus, Moc. et Sesse, fl.
mex. icon. ined. This is an anomalous species, as from the
stems it agrees with Cereus tuberculdsus, and from the rotate
flowers it agrees with Opuntia. Flowers flesh-coloured. Fruit
white. Leaves terete, acute, soon falling off.
.Rose-coloured Indian-fig. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 O. cyli'ndrjca (D. C. prod. 3. p. 471.) plant erect; stem
and branches tubercular, areolate ; tubercles rhomboid, bearing
each a caducous leaf, and a few white prickles. 1? . D. S. Na-
tive of Peru. Flowers unknown. Cactus cylindricus, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 539. but not of Ort. Cereus cylindricus, Haw. syn.
183.
Cylindrical- branched Indian-fig. Clt. 1799. Sh. 2 to 3 feet.
3 O. imbrica'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p, 471.) plant erect, terete,
not furrowed, but superficially ribbed, and rather lobe-formed,
somewhat imbricately tesselated in various ways. 1? . D. S.
Native country and flowers unknown. C&reus imbricatus, Haw.
rev. 70. Allied to O. cylindrica , but more robust according to
Haworth, but according to the Prince de Salm-Dyck it is slen-
derer.
/m&ricate-tesseled Indian-fig. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
4 O. stape'li^: (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 117.)
plant branched, irregularly tufted, deep green ; joints ovate or
oblong ; areolae small, tomentose in the axils of the tubercles ;
prickles 5-6 in a fascicle, stiff, straw-coloured, setaceous, when
old the epidermis or coat separates from them. \ . D. S. Na-
tive of Mexico. Coulter, no. 38. Stem hardly an inch high.
Habit almost of Stapelia ccespitosa, but which is without
prickles.
Stapelia-like Indian-fig. Clt. 1830. Shrub 1 to 2 inches.
5 O. exuvia'ta (D. C. 1. c. p. 118.) plant branched, erect,
nearly terete ; branches furnished with compressed tubercles,
and irregular crests, so as to make them nearly pentagonal ;
areolae orbicular, velvety at the axils of the tubercles ; prickles
6-12 in a fascicle, stiff, straight, when old the epidermis sepa-
rates from them. . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no.
18. Cactus tunicatus, Hort. berol. ex Salm-Dyck. Trunk a
foot high, and 18 inches thick.
Var. /3, angustior (D. C. 1. c.) trunk slenderer ; prickles
fewer; areolae narrower. Coulter, no. 17.
Var. y, spinosior{ D. C. 1. c.) stem dwarf ; prickles longer and
more numerous, and more spine-like.
Stripped Indian-fig. Clt. 1830. Shrub 1 foot.
6 O. deci piens (D. C. 1. c.) plant erect, branched, green ;
branches cylindrical, attenuated at the base ; tubercles few,
spirally disposed ; areolae small ; prickles of two forms, the
lower one large and spreadingly deflexed : the rest, 3-4 in num-
ber, bristle- formed and radiating. J? . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Coulter, no. 20. Leaves small, ovate-oblong, deciduous. Large
prickle an inch long, whenold the epidermis separates from
it. The rest 1-2 lines long. Compare it with O. cylindrica.
z 2
172
CACTEiE. VI. Opuntia.
Deceiving Indian-fig. Clt. 1830. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
7 O. Klei'nle (D. C. 1. c.) plant erect, branched, greyish
green ; branches erect, cylindrical, without tubercles ; fascicles
disposed in a spiral manner to the left ; areolae velvety ; prickles
of two forms, with numerous bristle-formed whitish brown ones
in each fascicle, and one large spreadingly deflexed slender white
one at the lower side of the fascicle. Fj . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Coulter, no. 21. Stem more than a finger in thick-
ness, like the stem of Cacalia Kleinice. Leaves small, oblong,
deciduous. Large prickle an inch long.
Kleinia-\\ke Indian-fig. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
8 O. leptocau'lis (D.C. 1. c.) plant erect, branched; branches
cylindrical, erect, without tubercles ; fascicles disposed in spiral
lines to the left; areolae rather tomentose ; prickles of two forms,
the 3 lower ones in each fascicle setaceous, blackish, spread-
ingly deflexed, the rest bristly, crowded, and rufescent. Fj . D.
S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 22. Stem the thickness
of the small finger. Referrible to the preceding species.
Slender-stemmed Indian-fig. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
9 O. leuco'tricha (D.C. 1. c. p. 1 19.) joints oblong, erect,
when young velvety ; areolae when young convex, velvety ;
prickles of two forms, 2 or 3 of which in each fascicle are very
long, setaceous, unarmed, white, and spreading, and 4-5 very
small, bristle-like, straight, yellow ones. F? . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Coulter, no. 2. Larger prickles 10-12 lines long.
Intervals between the fascicles of bristles distant.
White-haired Indian-fig. Shrub.
10 O. Ottonis (Link et Otto, pi. rar. hort. berol. t. 16.)
stem nearly cylindrical, with 12 bluntish ribs; the 3-4 middle
spines in each fascicle are erectish, slender, brownish, longer
than the rest, which are 10-14 in number, very slender, and
spreading ; petals acute, rather serrulated, cuspidate. Fj . D. S.
Native of Brazil.
Otto’s Indian-fig. Shrub.
11 O. pulvina'ta (D.C. 1. c.) joints oval, erect, velvety;
areolae convex, puivinate, the whole occupied by innumerable,
straight, crowded, yellow, fragile bristles, without any true
prickles intermixed. F? . D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter.
A very distinct species. O. macrod^sys, Lehm. hort. hamb. ex
Salm-Dyck in litt.
Puivinate Indian-fig. Shrub.
Sect. II. Divarica'm: (from divaricatus, divaricated ;
branches). Haw. syn. 195. Stems humble ; branches diverg-
ing ; joints linear-lanceolate, thick, nearly terete. Prickles strong,
in fascicles.
12 0. longispina (Link et Otto, hort. berol. Haw. in phil.
mag. Feb. 1830. p. 109.) joints compressedly terete: spines pur-
plish, some of them small and fulvous, and a slender terete one
(which is when full grown 3 inches long) in each fascicle. J? .
D. S. Native of Brazil.
Long-spined Indian-fig. Clt. 1829. Shrub.
13 O. glomera'ta (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830. p. 110.)
branches disposed in crowded tufts ; central spines solitary in
each tuft, linear, acuminated, flat on both sides, very long. Fj .
D. S. Native of Brazil. Branches thick, teretely lanceolate,
greenish, hardly half an inch broad.
(7/omerote-branched Indian-fig. Clt. 1829. Shrub.
14 0. foliosa (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 471.)
joints compressed, branched, pale green, when young leafy, when
old prickly ; prickles 1-2, elongated, pale straw-coloured, rising
from yellowish tomentum. Fj . D. S. Native of South Ame-
rica. O. pusilla, Haw. syn. 195. but not of Salm-Dyck. Cac-
tus foliosus, Willd. enum. suppl. 32. Flowers almost-like those
of O. vulgaris. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 8-10, yellow. Stigmas
3-4, white.
Leafy Indian-fig. FI. June. Clt. 1805. Shrub -§■ to 1 foot.
15 O. Curassa'vica (Mill. diet. no. 7. Haw. syn. 196.) plant
erect ; joints brittle, cylindrically ventricose, compressed, very
much divaricated, deep green ; prickles 1-4 in each fascicle,
whitish. F? • D. S. Native of Curassoa. Bradl. succ. t. 4.
Cactus Curassavicus, Lin. spec. 670. Flowers yellow, an inch
and a half in diameter. Stigmas 3-5.
Far. (1, longa (Haw. rev. p. 71.) branches more firm, and
twice the length of those of the species. T? . D. S. Native of
Brazil. Perhaps a proper species. There are several other
varieties mentioned by Haworth, but they appear to have sprung
more from the state of the plants, and the manner of culture.
Curassoa Indian-fig. FI. June, July. Clt. 1690. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
16 O. fra'gilis (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 296. under Cactus,)
joints short, oblong, nearly terete, fragile, doubly spinose ; fruit
dry and prickly. F? . H. Native of North America, in sterile
places about the river Missouri. Flowers small, yellow, solitary
on the tops of the branches. Truly distinct from all the rest,
and will perhaps form a distinct section along with two other un-
published species, which are now growing in the garden of the
Prince de Salm-Dyck.
Brittle Indian-fig. Clt. 1814. Shrub § to 1 foot.
17 O. pusilla (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822. et in litt. 1827.)
plant prostrate, divaricate, of a dirty-green colour ; joints cylin-
drical, cucumber-formed ; fascicles of prickles crowded ; prickles
setaceous, white, rising from white tomentum, 1 or 2 in each fas-
cicle are more elongated than the rest. Fj . D. S. Native of
South America. Joints rather attenuated at the apex.
Small Indian-fig. Clt. 1817. Shrub prostrate.
Sect. III. Grandispinos.® (from grandis, great, and spinosus,
full of spines ; in reference to the prickles being large and nu-
merous). Haw. syn. 195. Joints compressed, ovate or obovate.
Prickles variable, the smaller ones setaceous, and the larger ones
much longer and stronger.
18 O. Missourie'nsis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 472.) joints broad,
nearly orbicular, very prickly ; prickles of 2 forms, larger ones
radiating and permanent ; flowers numerous ; fruit dry and
prickly. F2 • H. Native of North America, in arid places about
the Missouri, plentiful. Cactus ferox, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p.
296. but not of Willd. O. polyacantha, Haw. rev. p. 82.
Larger than O. vulgaris. Flowers pale yellow or sulphur-co-
loured. Stigmas 8-10, greenish. Prickles white.
Missouri Indian-fig. FI. June, July. Clt. 1814. Sh. 1 ft.
19 O. fe'rox (Haw. suppl. p. 82.) joints oblong, elongated;
prickles strong and setaceous, numerous, whitish, in fascicles,
longer than the wool from which they issue, one of which in each
fascicle is longer than the rest. Fj . D. S. Native of South
America. Cactus ferox, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 35. but not of
Nutt. The rest unknown.
Fierce Indian-fig. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
20 O. spinosPssima (Mill. diet. ed. 8. Haw. syn. 193.) joints
oblong ; prickles yellowish, setaceous, and subulate, very nu-
merous, in fascicles, longer than the wool from which they issue.
F? . D. S. Native of Jamaica. Cactus spinosissimus, Lam. diet.
1. p. 537. Flowers yellow.
Very-spiny Indian-fig. FI. July. Clt. 1732. Sh. 6 to 10 feet.
210. ho rrida (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 472.)
plant erect ; joints cuneately obovate, repand, tubercled ; fas-
cicles of prickles remote ; prickles of various forms, yellow,
painted with brown, rising from setaceous yellow tomentum, one
in each fascicle longer than the rest, about 2 inches in lengih.
Fj . D. S. Native of South America. O. humilis, Haw. syn.
189. Cactus humilis, Haw. misc. 187. but the name is deceit-
ful, the plant growing to a considerable height. Flowers yellow.
CACTEiE.
VI. Opuntia.
173
Perhaps Cactus humilis, Lag. nov. spec, is different from this.
The plant often occurs in the gardens under the name of 0. Tima.
Horrid Indian-fig. FI. July. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
22 O. Dille'nii (Haw. suppl. p. 79.) plant erect; joints
roundish-obovate, undulated, glaucous ; prickles strong, divari-
cated, yellow, but the brush-like bristles by which they are sur-
rounded are much shorter. ^ . D. S. Native of South America.
Dill. elth. f. 382. Cactus Dillenii, Ker, bot. reg. 255. Flowers
large, pale yellow. Ovarium shorter than the corolla, furnished
at the summit by fascicles of bristles.
Dillenius’s Indian-fig. FI. Oct. Clt. 1810. Sh. 3 to 5 feet.
23 O. Tu'na (Mill. diet. no. 3. Haw. 1. c.) plant erect ; joints
broadly ovate-oblong ; prickles subulate, long, yellow ; wool at
the base of the spines short. \ . D. S. Native of South Ame-
rica, at Cuenca in Quito. Cactus Bonplandii, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 69. — Dill. elth. 386. t. 295. f. 386.
Flowers of an orange-colour, or iron grey-colour, or dirty red.
Stigmas 8- 10-cleft. This kind of Indian-fig makes strong
fences. When the Island of St. Christopher was to be divided
between the English and the French, three rows of the Tuna
were planted by common consent between the boundaries.
Sloane. Sir James Smith, in his paper upon the irritability of
vegetables, informs us that the long and slender stamens of the
flower are very irritable ; and that if a quill or feather is thrust
through them, in the space of 2 or 3 seconds they begin to lie
down gently on one side, and in a short time become recumbent
at the bottom of the flower. According to Humboldt and Bon-
pland the fine kind of cochineal is nourished by this plant.
Tuna Indian-fig. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Sh. 3 to 6 ft.
24 O. polya'ntha (Haw. syn. p. 190.) plant erect; joints
oblong and ovate ; prickles very different in form, yellow, larger
ones setaceous, erectly spreading ; flowers numerous at the tops
of the branches. 1? . D. S. Native of South America. Cac-
tus Opuntia polyantha, D. C. pi. grass, no. 138. with a figure.
Cactus polyanthos, Sims, bot. mag t. 2691. Flowers yellow.
Style full, not fistular as in the other species. Stigmas 6.
Many-Jlowered Indian-fig. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1811. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
25 O. monaca'ntha (Willd. enum. suppl. under Cdctus , Salm-
Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 723.) joints obovate-oblong ;
prickles solitary, subulate, strong. 4j . D. S. Native of South
America. Cactus Opuntia Tilna, D. C. pi. grass, no. 137. t. 2.
Joints a foot long. Flowers yellow, verging to purple beneath.
One-spined Indian-fig. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
26 O. ela'tior (Mill. diet. no. 4. Haw. syn. 187.) plant
erect ; joints broadly ovate-oblong ; prickles subulate, very long,
blackish, with the wool from which they rise nearly obsolete.
. D. S. Native of South America. Cactus Tilna /J, Willd,
spec. 2. p. 944. — Dill. elth. t. 294. f. 379. Flowers yellow,
varying to purple. Stigma 5- cleft. Adult stem nearly terete
ex Jacq.
Taller Indian-fig. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Shrub 6 feet.
27 O. ni'gricans (Haw. syn. 189.) plant erect; joints ob-
long and lanceolate ; prickles very different in form, of a black-
ish brown-colour, larger ones divaricate. Tj . D. S. Native of
South America. Cactus nigricans, Haw. 137. Cactus Tuna y,
nigricans, Sims, bot. mag. 1557. Cactus pseddo-coccinillifer,
Bert. exc. p. 11. virid. 1824. p. 4. exclusive of the synonymes.
Flowers reddish on the outside, and yellow inside. Stigmas 5,
thick, greenish.
Blackish Indian-fig. FI. Aug. Clt. 1795. Sh. 2 to 3 feet.
28 O. ma'xima (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 5.) plant erect ; joints
ovate-oblong, very thick ; spines unequal. ^ • D. S. Native
of South America. Perhaps the same as 0. Amyclea.
Greatest Indian-fig. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
29 O. triaca'ntha (Willd. enum. suppl. under Cactus,) joints
ovate-oblong; prickles whitish, usually 3 together, strong,
longer than the wool from which they issue. Tj . D. S. Native
of South America. Very nearly allied to O. polyantha ex Salm-
Dyck in litt. but the joints are a little larger, and the prickles
are white. Flowers unknown.
Three-spined Indian-fig. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Sect. IV. Parvispinos,® (from parvus, small, and spinosus,
full of spines ; in reference to the spines being small, equal, and
numerous). D. C. prod. 3. p. 473. Prickles uniform, hair-
shaped, short or nearly wanting.
30 O. decuma'na (Haw. rev. 71.) joints ovate-oblong;
prickles deciduous, length of the wool from which they issue.
Tj . D. S. Native of South America. Cactus decum&nus, Willd.
enum. suppl. 34. O. maxima, Mill. diet. ed. 2. no. 5. Cactus
elongatus, Willd. enum. suppl. 34. There are varieties of this
plant with either ovate or lanceolate-oblong joints, almost un-
armed or furnished with some short white prickles. Flowers
yellow. The cochineal bug thrives almost as well on this species
as on the next.
Huge Indian-fig. Clt. 1768. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
31 O. cochinilli'fera (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 6. Haw. syn.
192.) plant erect; joints obovate, nearly unarmed; petals
connivent ; stamens and style exserted. Tj . D. S. Native of
South America. Cactus cochinillifera, Lin. spec. 670. Hook, in
bot. mag. 2741. and 2742. — Dill. elth. t. 297. f. 383. Joints
while young oblong, areolate, at length obovate-oblong. Flowers
blood-coloured ex Dill, elth., small, spreading a little. Spines
slender, blackish. The ripe fruit is said to check fluxes by its
mild restringency. Flowers red. Perhaps Nopal de Castille
Thierr-Menonville, voy. Guax. 2. p. 278. is the same as this
plant.
Of the particular species of Opuntia which nourishes the co-
chineal insect much doubt has existed. There is some reason to
believe that the Opuntia cochinillifera, Haw. Cactus, Lin is not
the plant which produces the best Mexican cochineal. Tilloa,
on the authority of well informed travellers, states that the cochi-
neal Cactus has no spines, and a fruit imbued with deep red
pulp. Clavigero, however, says, “ In Misteca, where I was for
five years, I always saw the insect upon prickly Nopals. M. de
Raynal imagines that the colour of the cochineal is to be ascribed
to the red fig on which it lives ; but that author has been mis-
informed, for neither does the cochineal feed upon the fruit, but
only upon the green part of the plant ; nor does that species of
Nopal bear red, but white figs. Clavigero adds, “ it may be
reared upon the species with red fruit, but that is not the proper
plant of the cochineal.” M. Thierry de Menonville, who pro-
cured the cochineal insect, and the Opuntia on which it feeds
from Guaxaca in Mexico, and transported them to St. Domingo,
and who unquestionably had the best means of determining the
kinds of Cacti cultivated for the insect, describes particularly 3
sorts on which it may be reared, and cultivated to advantage.
The first is the Cactier Nopal, upon which alone the cochineal
is reared in Mexico, both the fine and the common sorts,
although there are throughout the country many other kinds of
Opuntia. The two following, therefore, it is presumed are em-
ployed in St. Domingo. 2. The Cactier splendule, which may
be used to equal advantage with the former ; and 3. The Cactier
de Campeche. Of these the first, as far as can be determined bv
description, is the Cactus Tima of Lin. which is the Opuntia
Tuna of Mill. The second appears to be very similar to
the former, but larger in its joints, and very glaucous. The
third is without doubt the Cactus cochinillifera, Lin. and which
he says of it from his own experience, that it may be usefully
employed for rearing the Ccchinille sylvestre, and may even sup-
port a small quantity of the fine kind. Humboldt also, although
174
CACTE.E. VI. Opuntia.
lie allows that it is the plant upon which the cochineal has often
been sent to Europe, asserts that our Opuntia cochinillifera is
not the individual of the Mexican Nopaleries, which he makes
a new species under the name of 0. Bonpldndii , and he quotes
under it with a mark of doubt the Cactus Tiina of Lin. At Rio
Janeiro, when that place was visited by the Chinese embassy
under Lord Macartney, there were considerable plantations of
Cactus Tuna, now Opuntia Tuna, for rearing the cochineal,
which had sometime previously been introduced to Brazil. In
St.* Vincent the Rev. L. Guilding has a considerable nursery of
the Opuntia cochinillifera inhabited by thousands of the true
cochineal ; and he is in expectation of sending to the Society of
Arts a large quantity of the dried insects. From all that has
been said we think it may be inferred with safety that in Mexico
and Brazil the Opuntia Tuna or Bonpldndii is the favourite food
of the cochineal ; and that in the West Indian Islands, where O.
Tuna is perhaps less frequent, the 0. cochinillifera is employed
by the natives, and answers the purpose sufficiently well.
Like all the species of Opuntia, the plants propagate readily
by having the joints stuck into the ground, and the plants love
dry and barren spots. If cultivated for the purpose of rearing
the cochineal, it must be defended, at least in the rainy Island of
St. Vincent, from storms and winds, by sheds placed to wind-
ward.
The cochineal insect, which feeds upon the kinds of Opuntia
just mentioned, is too well known to need a particular descrip-
tion here ; as are also its valuable properties in producing the
dye which bears its name, and carmine. It is the Coccus cacti
of Linnaeus, a small insect of the order Hymenoptera, having a
general appearance not very dissimilar to that of the mealy-bug
of our gardens, and equally covered with a white powdery sub-
stance. The male is winged. It is originally a native of
Mexico, and was cultivated for its precious dye long before the
conquest of that country ; and these plantations, called Nopa-
leros, are most extensive in the Misteca and Oaxaca ; the latter
district alone has exported, according to Humboldt, upon the
average 32,000 arobas annually, estimated at 2,400,000 piastres,
above 500,000/. sterling.
In Sloane’s Jamaica, vol. 1. t. 9. a representation of a Mexican
Nopalery is given from a drawing made at Guaxaca, by an In-
dian. In these small plantations or enclosures they cultivated
either the fine sort (Grana fina of the Spaniards), or the com-
mon kind (Grana sylvestre), which differ by the first having a
finer quality and more powdery covering; whilst the latter, less
valuable in its produce, has a cottony covering ; but whether
these two insects be specifically distinct has not yet been deter-
mined. The placing of the females, when big with young, is
called sowing. The proprietor of a Nopalery buys in April or
May the branches of joints of the Tunas de Castilla ( Opuntia
Tuna), which are sold in the market of Oaxaca at about 3 franks
a hundred, loaded with young cochineals (semilla). These are
kept in cellars for 20 days, when they are exposed to the air,
suspended under a shed. So rapid then is the growth of the
insect, that by August or September the females are big with
young, and ready for sowing, which is done in small nests, made
of the fibrous parts of the foliage of a Tillandsia called Paxtle.
In four months from the time of sowing the harvest commences.
The insects are brushed off with a squirrel’s or deer’s tail by
women, who sit during this operation, for whole hours at one
Nopal plant; so that were it not for the extreme cheapness of
labour in that country, Humboldt says, that the rearing of the
cochineal would prove an unprofitable employment. After
being gathered, the insects are killed by boiling water, or by ex-
posing them in heaps to the sun, or by means of the vapour baths
of the Mexicans (temazcalli) ; and when dry they are fit for ex-
portation. By the latter method, the powdery substance is pre-
served, which increases the value of the insects in commerce.
Dr. Bancroft has estimated the annual consumption of cochineal
in Great Britain only at about 750 bags or 150,000 lbs., worth
275,000/. “ a vast amount,” as the authors of the introduction
to Entomology observe, “ for so small a creature, and well cal-
culated to show us the absurdity of despising any animals, on
account of their minuteness.” According to the same writers,
the only kind of cochineal that has been conveyed to the East
Indies is the sylvestre or wild cochineal from Brazil, and the Court
of Directors of the East India Company have offered a reward
of 6,000/. to any person who should introduce the more valuable
sort. The insects were introduced to the royal gardens at Kew
in 1814 from Martinico, by M. Castleneau d’Auros, late super-
intendant of the botanic garden on that island. In 1820, the
fine cochineal was introduced to the Apothecaries’ botanic gar-
den at Chelsea by W. Prinsep of Calcutta, from some of the
Nopaleries of Mexico.
Cochineal-bearing Indian-fig. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1688.
Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
32 O. Fi'cus-Fndica (Haw. syn. p. 191.) joints ovate-oblong,
obtuse at both ends ; prickles setaceous, length of the wool from
which they rise. . D. S. Native of South America. Cactus
Ficus Fndica, Lin. spec. 670. Willd. enum. suppl. 34. Joints
a foot long. Prickles all setaceous, and very short. Flowers
sulphur-coloured. Fruit large, edible, deep purple. This is
the most common kind of Indian-fig in Jamaica, and upon the
fruit of it a wild kind of cochineal feeds. The plant is to be
found in many parts of Asia, but has perhaps been transplanted
thither.
Common Indian-fig. FI. June, Julv. Clt. 1731. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
33 O. pseu'do-Tu'na (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822. et in litt.
1827.) plant erect, branched, light green ; joints obovate, com-
pressed, large, thick ; fascicles of prickles distant ; prickles yel-
low, setaceous, collected into brush-like heaps : lower one of
each heap strong, and subulate. Tj . D. S. Native of South
America. Allied to O. Ficus-I'ndica, but more shining. This
species occurs often in gardens under the name of O. Tima.
False-l'una. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
34 O. tomentosa (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822. et in litt.
1827.) plant erect, tomentose ; joints lanceolate, compressed,
thick ; prickles setaceous, white : lower 4 or 6 in each fascicle
elongated, unarmed. Ij . D. S. Native of South America.
Cactus tomentosus, Link. enum. 2. p. 24. Spreng. syst. 2. p.
497. Hairs of joints short, adpressed, and rather villous.
Tomentose Indian-fig. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
35 O. lanceola'ta (Haw. syn. 192.) plant erectish ; joints
lanceolate ; spines uniform, very short. ^ . D. S. Native of
South America. Cactus lanceolatus, Haw. misc. p. 188. Leaves
larger in this species than any of its allies, generally they are
more than 3 lines long. Flowers 4 inches in diameter, of a shin-
ing yellow-colour. Stigmas 5, sulphur-coloured.
Lanceolate-Xobed Indian-fig. FI. July. Clt. 1796. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
36 O. tubercula'ta (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 34. under Cac-
tus,) joints ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends ; tubercles spi-
nose ; prickles setaceous, about equal in length to the wool from
which they rise. Ij . D. S. Native of tropical America. Haw.
rev. p. 80. The rest unknown.
Wanted Indian-fig. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
37 O. ine’rmis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 473.) plant strictly erect;
joints fleshy, ovate-elliptic ; spines uniform, very short, hair-
formed, very numerous. Tj . D. S. Native of South America.
Cactus Opuntia, D. C. pi. grass, no. 138. with a figure. Cactus
strictus, Haw. misc. 18S. but not of Willd. O. stricta, Haw.
syn. 191. Flowers yellow on both sides, spreading.
CACTEiE. VI. Opuntia. VII. Pereskia.
175
Unarmed Indian-fig. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
38 O. Amycl^'a (Tenore, fl. neap, append. 5. p. 15.) joints
orbicular or elliptic, very broad, flat, compressed ; prickles
strong, diverging, white, without any wool at their base. Jj . F.
Native of the kingdom of Naples, near Amyclea, and at Monticelli
and Portella, on calcareous rocks. Joints 10 inches broad, and
15 inches long. Prickles 6-18 lines long, but sometimes want-
ing altogether. Flowers yellow. Fruit reddish yellow. Per-
haps the same as O. maxima, Salm-Dyck.
Amyclea Indian-fig. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
39 O. rube'scens (Salm-Dyck in litt. 1827. ex D. C. prod.
3. p.474.) plant erect; joints elongated, compressed, reddish
green, somewhat tuberculately areolate, unarmed ; leaves small,
reddish, at the base of the white tomentum. . D. S. Native
of Brazil. This plant is very showy when young, being of a
reddish-colour, and the stem flat and elongated, nearly as in 0.
spinosissima, but absolutely without spines.
Reddish Indian-fig. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
40 O. cra'ssa (Haw. suppl. p. 81.) plant erect; joints ovate or
oblong, very thick, full of a fleshy substance ; fascicles of bris-
tles minute, unarmed, yellowish. J? • D. S. Native of Mexico.
Thick Indian-fig. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
41 O. vulga'ris (Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 1. Haw. syn. 190.)
plant diffusely prostrate, rooting ; joints ovate ; prickles un-
equal, very short, and very numerous. t? . H. Native of North
America, in the southern states ; plentiful in the neighbourhood
of New York, &c. ; and now frequent in the south of Europe.
Hook. bot. mag. 2393. Cactus Opuntia, Lin. spec. 669. Cactus
Opuntja vulgaris et nana, D. C. pi. grass, no. 138. with a table.
— Mill. fig. t. 191. Flowers yellow, spreading.
Common Indian-fig or Prickly-pear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596.
Shrub \ to 1 foot, but usually prostrate and rooting.
42 O. Hernande'zii (D. C. diss. t. 16.) plant erect; joints
thick, roundish-obovate, nearly unarmed ; flowers expanded ;
stamens shorter than the style and petals. 12 • S. Native of
Mexico. Cactus cochinillifera, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon,
ined. Nopal Nochatzli, Hern. mex. 78. with a figure, and 489.
f. 1. Nopal sylvestre, Thierry-Menonv. voy. Guax. 2. p. 277.
with a figure. According to Thierry, the flowers on the same
plant vary from purplish to rose-colour, and greyish lilac. The
cochineal thrives well on this species.
Hernandez's Indian-fig. Clt. 1827. Shrub 1 foot.
Sect. V. Tenuilob® (from tenuis , thin, and lobus, a lobe ;
lobes of plant flat and thin). D. C. prod. 3. p. 474. Stems
terete, when young. Joints flat, membranous.
43 O. Brasilie'nsis (Willd. enum. suppl. 33. under Cactus')
stem terete : joints of branches compressed, flat, ovate ; spines
strong, solitary. ^ • D« S. Native of Brazil. Cactus para-
doxus, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 443.— Hoffms. verz. 1826. p. 72.
Pis. bras. p. 100. f. 2. Flowers yellow.
Brasilian Indian-fig. Fl.Jul. Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
f The following species are only known by name, not having
been described.
1 0. leucantha, Hort. berol. 2 O. aldta, Hort. berol.
3 0. myriacantha, Hort. berol. 4 O. subinermis, Link. 5 O.
sulphurea, Gill, (under Cactus'). 6 O. sericea , Gill, (under
Cactus).
Cult. The species of Indian-fig are of very easy culture :
the soil recommended for Mammilldria will suit them ; and in
order to propagate them, the branches should be separated at
the joints, and allowed to lie a few days to dry after being so se-
parated, and when stuck into the earth they will soon strike root.
VII. PERE SKIA (named by Plumier in honour of Nicholas
Fabr. Peiresk, senator of Aix in Provence, who collected a con-
8
siderable library and herbarium, but published nothing). Plum,
gen. p. 35. t. 26. Lin. gen. ed. 1. no. 402. Mill. diet. Haw.
syn. 197. D. C. prod. 3. p. 474.
Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Sepals numerous, ad-
nate to the ovarium, and often remaining on the fruit, leaf-
formed. Corolla rotate, nearly as in Opuntia. Stamens nu-
merous, much shorter than the petals. Style filiform ; stigmas
collected, in a spiral manner. Berry globose or ovate. Seeds
imbedded in the pulp. — Shrubs or trees. Branches terete.
Prickles solitary at the axils of the leaves, and in fascicles on the
stem. Leaves distinct, flat, larger than those of any other
genus in the present order. Flowers somewhat panicled, soli-
tary, terminating the branches, or rather lateral. — Pereschia,
Thierry Menonv. voy. guax. 2. p. 275. is probably a species of
Opuntia.
1 P. aculea'ta (Mill. diet. Haw. syn. 198.) leaves elliptic ;
prickles solitaiy, in the axils of the leaves, but becoming at
length in fascicles on the stems ; flowers rather panicled ; fruit
globose, bearing the foliaceous sepals. Ij . D. S. Native of
the West Indies, where it is called American or Barbadoes
Gooseberry by the inhabitants, and by the Dutch Blood-apple.
Plum. gen. t. 26. — Dill. hort. elth. t. 227. f. 294. Cactus
Pereskia, Lin. spec. 671. Prickles half an inch long. Buds
rather woolly. Flowers white. Fruit yellowish, edible.
Prickly Barbadoes-gooseberry. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1696.
Shrub 5 to 7 feet.
2 P. longispina (Haw. syn. 178.) leaves elliptic; prickles
twin, an inch and a half long, very woolly. Tj . D. S. Native
of South America. P. aculeata /3, longispina, D. C. prod. 3.
p. 475.
Long-spined Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 P. Ble'o (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 69.) leaves
oblong, acuminated ; prickles axillary, 5-6 in a fascicle ; flowers
2-4 together at the tops of the branches, each on a short pedun-
cle ; petals obovate, retuse. . D. S. Native of New Gra-
nada, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Badilla, where
it is called Bleo by the inhabitants. Lindl. bot. reg. 1473.
Flowers pale red. Stamens also red, but white at the base.
Stigma 5-7-cleft.
Bleo Barbadoes-gooseberry. Fl. Oct. Jan. Clt. 1827. PI.
8 to 10 feet.
4 P. horrida (H. B. et Kunth, 1. p. 70.) leaves oblong, acute
at both ends ; spines 1-3 together, subulate, in the woolly axils
of the leaves ; flowers 2-5 together, axillary, pedunculate, rising
above the spines. bc . D. S. Native of South America, in the
province of Jaen de Bracamoros, on the banks of the Amazon.
Flowers small, red. Stigma 3-4-cleft.
Horrid Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub or tree.
5 P. portulacjEfolia (Haw. syn. 199. in a note) leaves obo-
vate-cuneated ; prickles solitary, under the leaves, but at length
coming in fascicles on the stem ; flowers solitary ; petals eraar-
ginate ; fruit globose, retuse, naked. Ij . D. S. Native of the
West Indies. — Plum. ed. Burm. 197. f. 1. Cactus portulaci-
folius, Lin. spec. 671. Lun. hort. jam. 2. p. 256. About the
size of an apple-tree. Prickles blackish. Flowers terminal,
purple ; petals roundish. Fruit umbilicate, greenish, with white
flesh, and numerous black seeds.
Purslane-leaved Barbadoes-gooseberry. Clt. 1820. Tree
20 to 30 feet.
6 P. zinnleflora (D. C. diss. t. 1 7.) leaves ovate, acute,
undulated ; prickles axillary, twin : but at length somewhat fas-
ciculate on the stem, about the cicatrices occasioned by the
falling of the leaves ; flowers solitary, terminal ; petals obcor-
date ; “ovarium bearing the sepals. T? . D. S. Native of
Mexico. Cactus zinniaeflorus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon,
ined. Flowers of a deep reddish-violet colour, greenish on the
176
CACTEjE. VII. Pereskia. VIII. Rhipsalis.
outside, about an inch in diameter. Very like the preceding
species.
Zinnia-flowered Barbadoes-gooseberry. Tree 10 feet.
7 P. lychnidiflora (D. C. diss. t. 18.) leaves ovate, acute ;
prickles solitary in the axils of the leaves, but perhaps in fas-
cicles on the stems ; flowers solitary, terminal ; petals cu-
neated, fringed at the apex ; ovarium bearing the sepals. 1? .
D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus fimbriatus, Moc. et Sesse,
fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers of a coppery peach colour, about
2 inches in diameter, similar to those of Lychnis coronatus.
Lychnis -flowered Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub.
8 P. opunteeflora (D. C. diss. t. 19.) leaves obovate, mu-
cronate, usually 2 together ; prickles axillary, solitary, very
long, but perhaps disposed in fascicles on the stem ? flowers
usually terminal, or nearly so, solitary ; petals ovate, acutish ;
ovarium bearing fascicles of hairs. T? • D. S. Native of Mexico.
Cactus opuntiaeflorus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers
of a dirty scarlet colour, an inch in diameter ; petals disposed in
2 series.
Indian-fig-flowered Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub.
9 P. rotundifolia (D. C. diss. t. 20.) leaves roundish, mu-
cronate ; prickles axillary, solitary, but perhaps disposed in
fascicles on the stem ; flowers solitary, lateral ? petals broad,
roundish, mucronate ; ovarium bearing the sepals ; fruit obovate,
full of cicatrices. Fj . D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus ro-
tundifolius, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers yellow,
variegated a little with scarlet, 15 lines in diameter. Berry red,
obovate.
Round-leaved Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub.
10 P. grandifolia (Haw. suppl. p. 85.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, smooth above, beset with rough dots beneath ; stem very
spiny. Fj . D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus grandifolius,
Link. enum. 2. p. 25. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 498. Larger spines
blackish, 2 inches long.
Great-leaved Barbadoes-gooseberry. Clt. 1818. Sh. 6 feet.
Cult. The species of this genus are very different in habit
from the rest of the genera of the present order, from the
branches being woody and furnished with proper leaves ; but
the flowers resemble the other genera of the order. They are
of easy culture, growing freely in any light earth ; and cuttings
of them are readily rooted in mould or sand, under a hand-
glass, in heat. A large plant of any of the species has a very
grotesque and ornamental appearance, when several species of
Cereus and Epiphyllumhas been grafted or inserted on it.
Tribe II.
RHIPSALI'DEjE (this tribe only contains the genus Rhip-
salis). D. C. prod. 3. p. 475. Ovula, and therefore the seeds
are fixed to the central axis of the berry.
VIII. RHI PSALIS (pc^, rhips, a willow-branch ; in refer-
ence to the flexible branches). Gaertn. fr. 1. p. 136. t. 28.
Haw. syn. 186. D. C. prod. 3. p. 475. — Hariota, Adans. fam.
2. p. 243. — Rhipsalides. Willd. enum. suppl. p 33. — Cact. pa-
rasitici, D.C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 83.
Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering
to the ovarium, smooth ; limb superior, 3-6-parted, short; teeth
acuminated, membranous. Petals 6, oblong, spreading, inserted
in the calyx. Stamens 12-18, fixed to the base of the petals.
Style filiform, crowned by 3-6 stigmas. Berry pellucid, roundish,
crowned by the marcescent calyx. Seeds imbedded in the pulp,
without albumen ; radicle of the embryo thick ; cotyledons 2,
short, obtuse. — Small shrubs, growing upon trees in the West
Indies, usually pendulous, branched, leafless, and terete, naked
or bearing rather falcate small bristles ; fascicles of bristles,
when present, disposed in a quincuncial spiral order. Flowers
lateral, sessile, small, white. Berries pellucid and white, nearly
like that of Viscum or Missletoe.
1 R. Cassy'tha (Gaertn. 1. c. Haw. 1. c.) plant pendulous ;
branches verticillate, naked, glabrous ; calyx 6-parted ; petals
5-6. Fj . D. S. Native of Jamaica, St. Domingo, Trinidad,
&c. hanging on the branches of the tallest trees. Christy, in bot.
mag. 3080. Cassytha baccifera, Mill. fig. Cassytha filiformis,
Mill. diet. ed. 8. Cactus pendulus, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 876.
Flowers white. Berry white, about the size of those of a red
currant, 12-seeded.
Var. /3, Mauritidna (D. C. prod. 3. p. 476.) plant creeping?
branches crowded, jointed. Fj . D. S. Native of the Mauri-
tius, on the rock called Lapouce. Cactus pendulinus, Sieb. fl.
maur. 2. no. 259. Perhaps this plant has been introduced to
the Mauritius from the Brazils, as all the other species of this
genus are natives of America. Flowers whitish. Berries white.
Cassytha Rhipsalis. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1758. Shrub 1 foot.
2 R. Hookeria'na ; plant pendulous ; branches verticillate,
naked, glabrous ; calyx 4-parted ; petals 4. F? . D. S. Native
of the West Indies and Mexico. R. Cassytha, Hook, exot. fl.
t. 21. R. Cassytha /3, Hookeriana, D. C. prod. 3. p. 476.
Flowers white. Berries white, about the size of those of a red
currant, 12-20-seeded.
Hooker's Rhipsalis. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Shrub 1 foot.
3 R. cassythoides ; plant pendulous ; branches verticillate,
naked, glabrous ; calyx 3-lobed : lobes broad at the base, and acu-
minated at the apex; petals 6. 1? . D. S. Native of Mexico.
Flowers white. Berries white, about the size of red currants.
Cactus cassythoides, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. R.
Cassytha y, Mociniana, D.C. prod. 3. p. 476. diss. t.21.
Cassytha-like Rhipsalis. Shrub 1 foot.
4 R. dichotoma ; plant pendulous ; branches dichotomous ;
calyx 3-lobed ; petals 6, disposed in 2 series. . D. S. Native
of New Andalusia and New Granada, growing on trees. Cac-
tus pendulus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 65. R.
Cassytha S, dichotoma, D. C. prod. 3. p. 476. Flowers white.
Berries white, about the size of gooseberries, 30-40 seeded.
Dichotomous Rhipsalis. Shrub 1 foot.
5 R. grandifeorus (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 83. rev. p. 72.)
plant sparingly branched ; branches nearly erect, somewhat cala-
miform, naked : spines very minute, solitary, pale, closely ad-
pressed, at nearly regular distances ; flowers numerous, hardly
an inch in diameter. Fj . D. S. Native of Brazil. Hook. bot.
mag. t. 2740. R. funalis, D. C. prod. 3. p. 476. Cactus fu-
nalis, Salm-Dyck. in hort. dyck. 1822. Petals and calycine
lobes 8, pale yellow inside. Filaments numerous, white ; anthers
yellow. Stigmas 4, rotate.
Great-flowered Rhipsalis. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 ft.
6 R. fascicula'ta (Haw. suppl. p. 83.) pendulous; branches
terete, in fascicles ; fascicles of hairs disposed in a spiral quin-
cuncial order along the younger branches. F? . D. S. Native
of the West India Islands. Christy, in bot. mag. 3079. R.
parasitica, Haw. syn. p. 187. Cactus parasiticus, Lam. diet. 1.
p. 541. D. C. pi. grass, t. 59. Cactus fasciculatus, Willd.
enum. suppl. p. 33. Flowers greenish-white, few, and confined
to the main branches. Berry similar to R. Cassytha.
Fasciculate Rhipsalis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Sh. 1 ft.
7 R. salicornioides (Haw. suppl. p. 83.) plant erect,
branched, proliferous at the joints ; joints short, obclavate, te-
rete, and angular, with fascicles of very minute hairs, floriferous
at the apex ; flowers solitary. Fj . D. S. Native of South
America. Otto, et Link. abbl. t. 49. Petals 7-10, acute, yellow,
longer than the stamens and style.
Salicornia-like Rhipsalis. Fl. June. Clt. 1817. Sh. 1 foot.
8 R. mesembry ANTiioiDES (Haw. rev. p. 71.) plant glomer-
ately branched; branches erect, terete, straight, bearing joints ;
CACTE7E. VIII. Rhipsalis. GROSSULARIE.E. I. Ribes.
177
joints lateral, crowded, terete, attenuated at both ends, clouded,
bearing the flowers in the middle ; fascicles of capillaceous bristles
white or pale, but when old and faded black ; flowers solitary.
Jj . D. S. Native of South America. Christy, in bot. mag. 3878.
C. salicornioides /3, Haw. suppl. p. 83. Joints at the sides of
the branches numerous, crowded, and nearly erect. Flowers
solitary, rising from the middle, not from the tops of the joints,
white. Fruit a white berry, smaller than those of R. Cassijtlia.
Fig-marigold-like Rhipsalis. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Sh. |.ft.
9 R. parasitica (D. C. prod. 3. p. 476.) plant pendulous,
branched, glabrous ; branches striated, or undulately repand.
Ij . D. S. Native of the West India Islands. — Plum. ed. Burm. t.
197. f. 2. Flowers like those of R. dichotoma. This species is
hardly known, but distinct from the others in the stem being
repand in an undulating manner.
Parasitic Rhipsalis. Shrub 1 foot.
10 R.? micra'ntha (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.
65. under Cactus ) plant glabrous, pendulous, branched ; branches
with 3-4 angles, or compressedly 2-edged ; flowers rising from
the angles. Ij . D. S. Native of Quito, in groves, near Olleros.
Flowers white, minute.
Small-Jlomered Rhipsalis. Shrub ^ foot.
Cult. This is a genus of singular plants, but without much
beauty. Being parasites, on trees, they grow best in vegetable
mould, mixed with a little brick rubbish ; and they are easily
increased by cuttings.
Order CXVIII. GROSSULARIE'^E (this order only con-
tains the genus Ribes, or gooseberry tribe). D. C. fl. fr. (1804)
4. p. 406. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 58. Berlandier,
mem. soc. phys. gen. 3. pt. 2. p. 43. t. 1-3. D. C. prod. 3. p.
477. — Ribesiae, Ach. Rich. bot. med. (1823) 2. p. 487. — Genera
ofCacteae, Juss. — Genus of Saxifrageae, Vent. — Genus of Por-
tulaceas, Adans.
Calyx superior (f. 32. d. f. 33. b .) ; limb 4-5-parted (f. 33. b.
f. 32. a.), regular, coloured. Petals 5, inserted in the throat of
the calyx (f. 33. c.), and alternating with its segments, equal.
Stamens 4-5 (f. 33. c.), very rarely 6, very short, inserted alter-
nately with the petals, equal ; filaments conical or cylindrical,
distinct ; anthers 2-celled, opening lengthwise on the inside ; but
in the varieties of R. rubrum they burst laterally and trans-
versely. Ovarium 1-celled, with 2 opposite parietal placentas;
ovula numerous. Style one, 2 (f. 32. c. f. 33. e .) -3 or 4-cleft.
Fiuit succulent (f. 32. e.), nearly globose, umbilicate at the apex
from the permanent calyx (f. 32. d.), 1-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds arillate, suspended by a long filiform podosperm ; outer
integument gelatinous or juicy, and membranous : under one a
very thin membrane, adhering closely to the albumen ; bluntish
at the extremity opposite the hylum. Albumen horny, conform-
ing to the seed, white. Embryo minute, placed at the sharpest
end of the seed, excentra], with a blunt radicle, which is placed
next the hilum — Unarmed or spiny shrubs. Leaves alternate,
lobed or cut, plaited while in the bud. There is one bractea at
the base of each pedicel, which is cut more or less, and two
much smaller ones called bracteoles undereach ovarium. Flowers
greenish, white, yellow or red, very rarely unisexual.
This order was formerly confounded with Cdctece : notwith-
standing the dissimilarity of their appearance they are most
closely related ; the principal differences between the two orders
voe. hi.
are, that in Cdctece the stamens are indefinite, the seeds without
albumen, and the calyx and corolla undistinguishable ; while in
Grossulariece the stamens are definite, the seeds albuminous, and
the calyx and corolla distinct. There are spines in both orders,
and some of the Cdctece have distinct leaves.
The properties of the gooseberry and currant are those of the
generality of the order, except that in other species a mawkish
or extremely acid taste is substituted for the refreshing and
agreeable flavour of the former. Some are emetic. The black
currant, which is tonic and stimulant, has fragrant glands upon
its leaves and flowers ; these reservoirs are also found upon some
other species. Malic acid exists in currants and gooseberries.
Turner, 634.
I. RI'BES (the name of an acid plant mentioned by the Ara-
bian physicians, which has been discovered to be the Rheum,
Ribes). Lin. gen. 281. Berlandier, mem. soc. phys. gen. 3. pt.
2. p. 43. t. 1-3. and D. C. prod. 3. p. 477. — Grossularia,
Tourn. Gsertn.
Lin. syst. Penlandria, Monogynia. Character the same as
the order.
Sect. I. Grossula ria (a dim. of grossus, thick ; meaning a
gooseberry bush ; the species contained in this section all bear
gooseberries). Ach. Rich. 1. c. Berlandier, 1. c. t. 1. Stems
usually prickly (f. 32.). Peduncles 1-2-3 -flowered. Calyx more
or less campanulate (f. 32. a.). Leaves plicate.
* Flowers greenish.
1 R. oxyacanthoi'des (Lin. spec. 291.) plant prickly and
bristly, nakedish ; spines 1 or 3, joined at the base ; leaves cor-
date, 5-lobed, serrated, often pubescent beneath, and on the
petioles ; peduncles very short, usually 2-flowered ; tube of calyx
glabrous, hairy inside, with a spreading limb, which is longer
than the obovate petals; germs and pedicels naked. If.'lL
Native of North America throughout Canada, and as far as the
Saskatchawan, and of Newfoundland. Berlandier, 1. c. t. 1. f.
1. The shrub varies much in the aculei and spines, in their
numbei and colour, and in the more or less dense ramification,
and pubescence. Mr. Drummond says, the fruit of this species
is much like the common gooseberry, and is equally agreeable,
either of a red or green colour.
Hawthorn-like Gooseberry. Fl. May, June. Sh. 3 to 4 ft.
2 R. setosum (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1237. Hook. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 230.) branches beset with dense bristles ; prickles unequal,
subulate ; leaves roundish, cordate at the base, pubescent, 3-5-
lobed, deeply crenated ; peduncles 2-flowered, rather bracteate ;
calyx tubularly campanulate, with the segments linear, obtuse,
and spreading, twice the length of the petals, which are entire ;
berries hispid, b . H. Native of North America, on the banks
of the Saskatchawan.
Bristly Gooseberry. Fl. May, April. Clt. 1810. Shrub 4
to 5 feet.
3 R. triflorum (Willd. hort. berol. t. 61.) prickles wanting;
spines usually solitary ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, serrated, gla-
brous ; peduncles elongated, 2-3-flowered ; tube of calyx nar-
row, cylindrical, glabrous, with a spreading limb, which after-
wards becomes reflexed; stamens exserted ; ovarium naked.
1? . H. Native of North America, in mountainous situations to
the west of the Rocky Mountains ; and of Pennsylvania. Ber-
landier, 1. c. t. 1. f. 4. R. stamineum, Horn. hort. hafn. p. 237.
Berry reddish, glabrous. The species seems to be easily dis-
tinguished fiom/?. Cynosbati by the constantly smooth fruit, very
narrow flowers, and exserted stamens.
A a
178
GROSSULARIE^E. I. Rises.
Tliree-Jlowered Gooseberry. FI. April, May. Clt. 1812. Sh.
3 to 4 feet.
4 R. Cyno'sbati (Lin. spec. 292.) stem unarmed, rarely
prickly ; spines usually twin ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, serrated,
more or less pubescent underneath, and on the petioles ; pedun-
cles elongated, 2-3-flowered ; pedicels divaricate ; tube of calyx
ovate-cylindrical ; limb spreading, with the segments exceeding
the petals, which are obovate ; stamens hardly exserted ; ovarium
bristly. P? . H. Native of Canada (Michx. \ Japan (Thunb.),
Berlandier, 1. c. t. 1. f. 3. Jacq. vind. 2. t. 123. Berries bristly
or prickly. It hardly differs from R. divaricatum, except in the
broader tube of the corolla, and the shorter stamens.
Var. ft ; fruit unarmed. T? . H. Native of Hudson’s Bay.
R. oxyacanthoides, Richards in Frankl. first journ. ed. 2.
append, p. 7.
Var. y; branches prickly; peduncles shorter; flowers pu-
bescent, purplish ; fruit prickly. P? . H. Native about Lake
Huron.
Dog-bramble Gooseberry. FI. Apr. Clt. 1759. Sh. 3 to 4 ft.
5 R. divarica'tum (Dough in bot. reg. 1359.) branches diva-
ricate, bristly, at length naked; spines 1-3 together, axillary,
deflexed, large ; leaves roundish, 3-lobed, deeply toothed,
nerved, glabrous ; peduncles 3-flowered, drooping ; calyx fun-
nel-shaped : with the segments at length spreading, and twice the
length of the tube ; style and stamens exserted ; berries gla-
brous. 1; . H. Native on the north-west coast of America, a
common bush on the banks of streams near Indian villages.
This species comes nearest to R. triflbrum. Berries black, smooth,
and spherical, pleasant to the taste. Petals white.
Divaricate Gooseberry. FI. April. Clt. 1826. Sh. 5 to 7 ft.
6 R. irki'guum (Doug, in hort. trans. 7. p. 516. Hook. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 231.) prickles axillary, tern; leaves cordate,
somewhat 5-lobed, toothed, ciliated, pilose on both surfaces,
nerved ; peduncles 3-flowered, beset with glandular pili ; calyx
campanulate : segments linear, about equal in length to the
tube; berries glabrous. Pj . H. Native of the north-west
coast of America, on moist mountain rocks near springs and
streams, on the Blue Mountains, and on the banks of the Spo-
kan river. Berries spherical, half an inch in diameter, smooth,
juicy, and well flavoured. Apparently closely allied to R. tri-
Jldrum.
Well-watered Gooseberry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
7 R. saxosum (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 231.) stem unarmed,
rarely prickly ; spines wanting, solitary or twin ; leaves cordate,
5-lobed, serrated, smoothish ; peduncles very short, deflexed,
1-2-flowered ; calyx glabrous, with a campanulate tube : seg-
ments spreading, but at length reflexed, twice the length of the
corolla, and about equal in length to the stamens ; ovarium
naked. Pj . H. Native of the north-west coast of America,
common on the undulating grounds of the interior among stones ;
and about Lake Huron, and on the banks of the Saskatchawan ;
also near Boston. R. saxatile, Dough mss. R. triflorum,
Bigel. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 90. Fruit resembling a common goose-
berry.
Slone Gooseberry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
8 R. hirte'llum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 479.) spinules
nearly axillary ; branches beset with a few short bristly hairs ;
leaves small, semi-trifid ; lobes few-toothed ; peduncles 1 -flow-
ered ; berry glabrous, red. T? • H. Native of North America,
in Canada, in stony places by the river Signey ; and on the
mountains of Virginia.
Hairy Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
9 R. lacu'stre (Poir. encycl. suppl. 2. p. 856. Pursh. fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 161.) stem very prickly ; spines many-parted,
slender ; leaves cordate, deeply 3-5-lobed, cut ; racemes 5-8-
8
flowered, loose ; calyx rotate ; germs and pedicels hispid, and
glandular. 1; . H. Native throughout Canada to Fort Frank-
lin and Bear Lake, near the Arctic circle ; mouth of the Colum-
bia ; mountains of the Columbia, and of North California; also
of Virginia, &c. R. oxyacanthoides, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 111. R. echinatum, Dough mss. This has the flowers of
the currant, and the prickly stems of the gooseberry. The fruit
is about the size of black currants, in pendulous racemes, pur-
plish black, shining, clothed with hairs, unpleasant to the taste.
Lake Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Sh. 4 to 5 ft.
10 R. rotundifolium (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 110.)
spines nearly axillary, solitary ; leaves nearly orbicular, clothed
with very minute down, a little lobed ; lobes roundish, obtuse ;
peduncles 1 -flowered ; limb of calyx tubular. P? . H. Native
on the high mountains of Carolina. Berries glabrous.
Round-leaved Gooseberry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
11 R. gra'cile (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 111.) spines
nearly axillary, very short, solitary; leaves on slender petioles,
lobed ; lobes acute, cut ; peduncles capillary, erect, usually 2-
flowered ; calyx glabrous, tubularly campanulate. 1? . H. Na-
tive of North America, on the mountains of Tennessee; and in
mountain meadows from New York to Virginia. Berry glabrous,
purple or blue, with a very pleasant taste. Leaves pubescent.
Slender Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. ShrubS
to 4 feet.
12 R. Cauca'sicum (Adams, in reliq. Willd. ex Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 507.) prickles stipular, tern; peduncles 1-
flowered, erect ; leaves 5-lobed, deeply toothed. P? . H. Na-
tive of Caucasus. Perhaps only a variety of R. U'va-crispa.
Caucasian Gooseberry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
13 R. microphy'llum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6.
p. 62.) prickles usually solitary ; leaves nearly reniform, small ;
peduncles very short, 2-flowered ; calyx campanulate : segments
oblong, obtuse ; petals spatulately obovate, retuse at the apex.
Pj . H. Native of Mexico, in mountainous places near El
Guarda, between Guchila and the city of Mexico; at the eleva-
tion of 4200 feet. Ovarium rather turbinate. Flowers red.
Small-leaved Gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
14 R. cuneifolium (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 233. f. c.) un-
armed ; leaves cuneiform, cut, trifid ; petioles not half the
length of the leaves ; peduncles solitary, axillary, 2-3-flowered,
length of the petioles ; bracteas 2, at the base of each flower.
P? . G. Native of Peru, on the Andes. Berry pale red. Habit
of R. U'va-crispa. Perhaps belonging to a separate section.
Wedge-leaved Gooseberry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
15 R. cuculla'tum (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 250.)
unarmed ; branches glabrous ; leaves glabrous, somewhat 5-
lobed, roundish-reniform, cucullate at the base, and cuneated :
the lobes lying over each other, acutely and deeply lobed ; pe-
tioles a little shorter than the leaves ; racemes hardly puberu-
lous, axillary, short, few-flowered; flowers nearly sessile, hardly
exceeding the bracteas, which are roundish. P? . G. Native of
the Cordillera of Chili. Nearly allied to R. cuneifolium, but ap-
parently quite distinct.
ILuoded-\e&\ed Gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
16 R. acicula re (Smith in Rees’ cycl.) very prickly ; prickles
stipular, 3-5-parted ; leaves rather pubescent, nearly orbicular,
3-5-lobed; lobes bluntish, deeply serrated; peduncles usually
1 -flowered, bracteolate in the middle ; calyx campanulate,
smoothish ; berries bractless, and are, as well as the styles, quite
glabrous. Pj . II. Native of Siberia, in stony rocky mountain-
ous places. Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 230. R. U'va-crispa,
Sievers in Pall. nord. beytr. 7. p. 274. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 37. ?
Stem erect or procumbent. Petals white. Berries glabrous,
yellowish or purplish, sweet, with a grateful taste.
GROSSULARIEiE. I. Ribes.
179
A cicidar-sfined. Gooseberry. Shrub.
17 R. grossula'ria (Lin. spec. p. 291.) prickles 2 or 3 under
each bud ; branches otherwise smooth, and spreading or erect ;
pedicels 1-2-flowered ; leaves 3-5-lobed, rather villous; brac-
teas close together ; calyx campanulate, with reflexed segments,
which are shorter than the tube ; petals rounded at the apex,
glabrous, but bearded in the throat ; style always beset with
long down. Tj . H. Native of Europe and Nipaul, in woods
and hedges; plentiful in some parts of Britain, in hedges,
thickets, and waste ground, as the woods and hedges about
Darlington; apparently wild in Hamilton wood, Scotland.
Smith, eng. bot. 1292. R. U'va-crispa, Oed. fl. dan. t. 546.
Grossularia hirsuta, Mill. diet. no. 2. R. U'va-crispa var. £
sativum, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 408. Plencb. icon. 148. The Nipaul
plant has the stem thickly beset with bristles, and the spines
strong and 3-parted. It is therefore probably a proper species.
Var. /3, U'va-crispa (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 333.) plant beset
with spines all over ; leaves small, rather villous; berries smaller,
glabrous. 1? . H. R. U'va-crispa, Lin. spec. 292. Smith, eng.
bot. 2057. U’va-crispa, Fuch’s hist. t. 187. — U'va spina, Math,
valgr. 1. t. 151. f. 1. — Blackw.herb. 277. — Plench. icon. t. 149.
— Duham. arbr. 1. t. 109. Berlandier, 1. c. t. 1. f. 6. R. U'va-
crispa var. a sylv^stre, Berland. 1. c. mss.
V ar. y, spinosissimum (Berl. mss.) plant spiny all over ; prickles
scattered, reflexed. Native of Europe in stony places.
Var. S, reclinatum (Berl. mss.) branches rather prickly, recli-
nate. R. reclinatum, Lin. spec. 291. Grossularia reclinata,
Mill. diet. no. 1.
Var. e, Besseriana (Berl. mss.) branches prickly ; fruit pubes-
cent, intermixed with glandular bristles. Native of Cracovia,
in hedges. R. hybridum, Besser. prim. fl. galic. austr. p. 186.
Var. £, subenerme (Berl. mss.) plant nearly glabrous ; bark
smooth, brown ; prickles axillary ; flowers and leaves small.
Native about Geneva. Perhaps a variety of R. reclinatum.
Var. r), macrocdrpum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 478.) stigmas often
longer than the petals ; flowers and berries large.
Var. 6, bractealum (Berl. mss.) berries clothed with 2-4-5
straight coloured, nearly opposite, bracteas and bristles, emulat-
ing sepals, which fall off before the berry arrives at maturity.
The gooseberry is called Groseille a maquereau, in French ;
Uva-spino in Italian; Stachelbeerstrauch, in German ; in Scot-
land it is called Groseir ; in Piedmont, w'here the gooseberry is
found wild, and where the Italian botanists state the berries to
be eatable, but astringent and neglected, it is called Griselle.
Some derive our name gooseberry from gorzeberry, from the re-
semblance of the bush to gorze ; others, as Professor Martyn,
from its being used as sauce with young or green geese. Gerarde
says it is called feaberry (feverberry) in Cheshire ; and it has
the same name in Lancashire and Yorkshire. In Norfolk this
term is shortened to feabes, or, as they pronounce it fapes.
Carberry is another British name for this fruit.
The gooseberry is a low, branching, prickly shrub, bearing
pendulous, hairy, or smooth berries, of various colours ; it is a
native of several parts of Europe, and abounds in the Vallais,
in copsewoods, where it produces a small, green, hairy, high-
flavoured fruit. In England it is naturalized in various places,
as on old walls, ruins, and in the woods and hedges about Dar-
lington. It is cultivated in greater perfection in Lancashire than
in any other part of Britain ; and next to Lancashire the cli-
mate and treatment of the Lothians seem to suit this fruit. In
Spain and Italy the fruit is scarcely known. In France it is
neglected and little esteemed. In some parts of Germany and
Holland the moderate temperature and humidity of the climate
seem to suit the fruit ; but in no country is its size and beauty
to be compared with that produced in Lancashire, or from the
Lancashire varieties, cultivated with care, in the more temperate
and humid districts of Britain. Neill observes, that when
foreigners witness our Lancashire gooseberries, they are ready
to consider them as forming quite a different kind of fruit.
Happily this wholesome and useful fruit is to be found in almost
every cottage-garden in Britain ; and it ought to be considered
a part of every gardener’s duty to encourage the introduction of
its most useful varieties in their humble enclosures. In Lan-
cashire, and some parts of the adjoining counties, almost every
cottager, who has a garden, cultivates the gooseberry, with a
view to prizes, given at what are called Gooseberry-prize Meet-
ings, of which there is annually published an account, with the
names and weight of the successful sorts, in what is called the
Manchester Gooseberry Book. The prizes vary from 1 1. to 5l.
or \Ol. The second, third, to the sixth and tenth degree of
merit, receiving often proportionate prizes. There are meetings
held in spring, to “ make up,” as the term is, the sorts, the
persons, and the conditions of exhibition ; and in August to weigh
and taste the fruit, and determine the prizes.
Use. — The fruit was formerly in little esteem ; but it has
received so much improvement, that it is now considered very
valuable for tarts, pies, sauces, and creams, before being ripe,
and when at maturity, it forms a rich dessert fruit for three
months ; and is preserved in sugar for the same purpose, and
in water for the kitchen. Unripe gooseberries can be preserved
in bottles of water against winter ; the bottles are filled with
berries, close corked, and well sealed ; they are then placed in
a cool cellar till wanted. By plunging the bottles, after being
corked, into boiling water, for a few minutes (heating them gra-
dually to prevent cracking), the berries are said to keep better.”
—Neill.
Varieties. — The gooseberry is mentioned by Turner, in 1573.
Parkinson enumerates 8 varieties ; the small, great, and long
common, 3 reds, 1 blue, and 1 green. Ray mentions only the
pearl gooseberry, but Rea has the blue, several sorts of yellow,
the white Holland, and the green. Miller only says, there are
several varieties obtained from seed, most of them named from
the persons who raised them ; but as there are frequently new
ones obtained, it is needless to enumerate them. The present list
of the London nurserymen contains from 80 to 100 names, but
those of some of the Lancashire growers above 300. Forsyth,
in 1800, mentions 10 sorts as common; and adds a list of
43 new sorts, grown at Manchester. The following may be
considered established varieties, and such as merit cultivation.
List of gooseberries. — Those marked with a star may be con-
sidered the best ; the rest only second rate.
I. Fruit green.
§ 1 . Branches spreading or pendulous .
* Bernes smooth, green.
1 Barclay' s green champagne. Fruit roundish, middle-sized.
2 Perring's evergreen. Fruit large, oblong.
3 Fame. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pendulous.
4 Bates's favourite. Fruit oblong, middle-sized. Branches
pendulous.
5 Glory of Kingston. Fruit roundish, middle-sized.
6 Allen's glory of Ratcliff. Fruit oblong, middle-sized.*
7 Horsefi eld’s green gage. Fruit large, roundish.
8 Green globe. Fruit round, middle-sized.
9 Nixon’s green myrtle. Fruit large, oblong. Branches
pendulous.
10 Berry's greenwood. Fruit large, oblong. Branches pen-
dulous.
11 Massey’s heart of oak. Fruit large, oblong. Branches
pendulous.*
a a 2
180
GROSSULARIEiE. I. Ribes.
12 Grundy's high sheriff of Lancashire. Fruit obovate,
middle-sized. Branches pendulous.
13 Edward's jolly tar. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.*
14 Minerva. Fruit large, oblong.
15 Taylor’s no-bribery. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
16 Northern hero. Fruit large, obovate.
1 7 Reformer. Fruit large, oblong.
18 Sabine’ s green. Fruit small, round.
19 Large smooth green. Fruit large, obovate.*
20 Green Walnut, Belmont’s, smooth green, nonpareil. Fruit
middle-sized, obovate.*
* * Berries green , hairy, or downy.
21 Colonel Anson’s. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.
22 Holt's beauty. Fruit large, oblong, downy.
23 Early green hairy, early green, green Gascoigne. Fruit
small, round.*
24 Lovart’s Elija. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
25 Glenton green, York seedling Fruit middle-sized, oblong,
hairy. Branches pendulous.*
26 Green globe. Fruit small, round, hairy.
27 Green seedling. Fruit small, oblong, hairy. Branches
pendulous.*
28 Hodkinson’s joke. Fruit large, roundish, downy. Branches
pendulous.
29 Lovely Anne. Fru;t large, oval, downy. Branches pen-
dulous.
30 Gregory’s perfection. Fruit large, roundish, downy, late.
Branches pendulous.*
31 Prophet’s profit. Fruit large, oblong, downy.
32 Early royal George. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, hairy,
early.
33 Ryder's triumph. Fruit small, obovate, hairy.
34 Moore's troubler. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, hairy.
35 Unicorn. Fruit large, oval, downy.
§ 2. Branches erect.
* Fruit green, smooth.
36 Pitmaston green-gage. Fruit small, obovate.*
37 Brigg's independent. Fruit large, obovate.
38 Merry lass. Fruit middle-sized, obovate.
39 Midsummer. Fruit small, roundish.
40 Royal George. Fruit middle-sized, oval.
* * Fruit green, hairy, or downy.
41 Monck’s Charles Fox. Fruit small, ovate, hairy.
42 Green oak. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
43 Greensmith. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.
44 Hebburn's prolific. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.*
45 Colliers’s jolly angler, Lay’s jolly angler, Collins’s jolly
angler. Fruit large, oblong, downy.*
46 Mills's Langley green. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
47 Late green. Fruit small, obovate, downy.
48 Parkinson' s laurel, green laurel, green willow. Fruit large,
obovate, pale green, nearly white.*
49 Hopley's Lord Crew. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.*
50 Mignonette. Fruit small, roundish, hairy.
51 Lovart’s Moses. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
52 Green Rumbullion. Fruit small, round, hairy.
53 Small green. Fruit small, globular, downy.
54 Small hairy green. Fruit small, round, hairy.
55 Bratherston’s Wistaston hero. Fruit large, oblong.
II. Fruit yellow.
§ 1 . Branches spreading or pendulous.
* Fruit yellow, smooth.
1 Amber, amber yellow, smooth amber. Fruit small, roundish.
2 Diggles’s Bonny Roger. Fruit large, obovate.
3 Capper' s Bunker s Hill. Fruit large, roundish.
4 Hopley's Cheshire cheese. Fruit large, oblong.
5 Forbes’s golden chain. Fruit large, oblong. Branches
pendulous.
6 B amf or d's golden Purse. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
7 Beaumont’s smiling beauty. Fruit large, oblong. Branches
pendulous.*
8 Beard sell’s smuggler. Fruit large, roundish, oblong.
Branches pendulous.
9 Dixon’s golden yellow. Fruit middle-sized, turbinate.
Branches pendulous.*
10 Mather’s victory. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pen-
dulous.
11 Forester's Lord Combermere. Fruit large, obovate.
12 Saunder’s Napoleon. Fruit large, obovate.
13 Costerdine’s Champion Goliath. Fruit large, oblong,
smooth, golden yellow. Branches pendulous.
14 Large yellow. Fruit obovate, middle-sized, golden yellow,
smooth. Branches pendulous.
15 Gorton’s viper. Fruit large, obovate, golden yellow,
smooth. Branches pendulous.
16 Long yellow. Fruit large, oblong, golden yellow.
* * Fruit yellow, hairy, or downy.
17 Capper's bottom sawyer. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
18 Lister's Britannia. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
19 Hopley’s globe. Fruit large, round, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
20 Glory of England, Fruit large, obovate, downy. Branches
pendulous.
21 Golden bees. Fruit small, oblong. Branches pendulous.
22 Jackson's golden orange. Fruit large, oblong, Branches
pendulous.
23 Bratherston’s golden sovereign. Fruit large, roundish,
hairy.
24 Hill’s golden gourd. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
25 Hilton's Kilton, Kilton hero. Fruit large, oblong, golden
yellow, hairy. Brandies pendulous.
26 Blomerley’s John Bull. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
Branches pendulous.
27 Ranger. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. Branches pendulous.
28 Sparklet. Fruit small, obovate, downy.
29 Hallow’s Trafalgar. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
30 W averham' s yellow . Fruit middle-sized, oval. Branches
pendulous.
31 Weedham's delight. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.
§ 2. Branches erect.
* Fruit yellow, smooth.
32 Yellow ball. Fruit middle-sized, roundish.*
33 Blithfield. Fruit small, round, late.
34 Clegg's Tim Bobbin. Fruit middle-sized, oblong.
35 Old dark yellow. Fruit small, roundish.
36 White walnut. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, whitish yellow.
GROSSULARIEiE. I. Ribes.
181
* * Fruit yellow , hairy, or downy.
37 Hebhurn yellow aston. Fruit small, roundish, hairy.*
38 Yellow champagne, hairy amber. Fruit small, roundish,
hairy.
39 Catlow’s conquering hero. Fruit large, oblong, coarse, hairy.
40 Heap's conquering girl. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.
41 Golden drop, golden lemon.
42 Part's golden Jleece. Fruit large, oval, hairy.
43 Sulphur, rough yellow. Fruit small, roundish, hairy.*
44 Early sulphur, golden ball, golden bull. Fruit middle-
sized, roundish-oblong, hairy.
45 Foster’s husbandman. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
46 Heywood's invincible. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, downy.
47 Hardcastle’s jolly gunner, royal gunner. Fruit large,
oblong, hairy.
48 Prophet’s regulator. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
49 Rumbullion, yellow globe, round yellow. Fruit small,
roundish, downy.
50 Smooth yellow. Fruit small, roundish, downy.*
51 Williamson' s yellow hornet. Fruit small, ovate, downy.
52 Yellowsmith. Fruit small, roundish-oblong, hairy.*
53 Kelk’s yellow. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, downy.
III. Fruit white, or greenish white.
§ 1. Branches erect.
* Fruit smooth, white.
1 Cranshaw's ambush. Fruit large, obovate, white.
2 White Damson. Fruit small, roundish.*
3 Honey white. Fruit middle-sized, roundish-oblong. .
4 Hoslam’s smiling yellow. Fruit large, roundish-oblong.
5 Cook' s white eagle. Fruit large, obovate.*
6 Lovart’s Queen Caroline. Fruit middle-sized, obovate.
* * Fruit greenish white, hairy, or downy.
7 Large early white. Fruit large, obovate, downy.*
8 Sampson’s Queen Ann. Fruit large, oval, downy.
9 Peers's Queen Charlotte. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, hairy.*
10 Morris's Queen Mary. Fruit middle-sized, ovate, downy.
11 Trueman. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
* * * Fruit white, hairy, or downy.
12 Bonny landlady, noble landlady. Fruit large, oblong.
13 Hopley’s lady of the manor. Fruit large, roundish-oblong,
hairy.
14 White lion. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
15 Stringer’s maid of the mill. Fruit middle-sized, obovate,
downy.
16 Marchioness of Downshire. Fruit middle-sized, oblong,
hairy.
17 Early rough ivliite. Fruit large, oval, hairy.
18 Saunder’s royal rock getter, Andrews’s royal rock getter.
Fruit large, obovate, downy.
19 White royal. Fruit small, round, hairy.
20 Compton’s Sheba Queen. Fruit large, obovate, downy.*
21 Wellington’ s glory . Fruit large, roundish-oblong, downy.*
22 Moore's white bear. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.*
23 Nixon’s white heart. Fruit middle-sized, heart-shaped,
hairy.
24 White lily. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy.
25 Woodward's whitesmith, Sir Sidney Smith, Hall's seedling,
Lancashire lass, Grundy's Lady Lillford. Fruit large, roundish-
oblong, downy.
26 Taylor's bright Venus. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, hairy.*
27 White champagne. Fruit small, roundish-oblong, hairy.*
28 Saunder’s Cheshire lass. Fruit large, oblong, downy.*
29 Hedgehog. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.*
§ 2. Branches spreading or pendulous.
* Fruit smooth, white.
30 Crystal. Fruit small, roundish. *
31 White fg. Fruit small, obovate. *
32 Parkinson s first rate. Fruit large, oval.
33 Leigh's fudler. Fruit middle-sized, oblong. Branches pen-
dulous.
34 Great Britain. Fruit large, oblong, greenish white.
35 White rasp. Fruit small, round.
36 Brundrett’s white rock. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
37 Biggies’s wanton. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, greenish
white.
38 Denny’s Victoria. Fruit large, obovate, greenish white.
* * Fruit greenish white, smooth.
39 Stringer's dusty miller. Fruit middle-sized, obovate.
Branches pendulous.
40 Great Britain. Fruit large, oblong. Branches pendulous.
41 Denny's Vittoria. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pen-
dulous.
* * *' Fruit white, hairy, or downy.
42 Capper’s bonny lass. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.
43 White crystal. Fruit small, roundish, hairy or downy. *
44 Early white. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, downy. *
45 Grundy’s fowler. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy.
46 Large white. Fruit middle-sized, oval, downy.
47 Smith’s radical. Fruit large, roundkh-oblong, hairy.
Branches pendulous.
48 Irish white raspberry. Fruit small, round, hairy.
49 Cleworth’s white lion. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
Branches pendulous.*
* * * * Fruit greenish white, hairy or downy.
50 Counsellor Brougham. Fruit large, oblong, downy.
51 Bratherton’s governess. Fruit large, roundish-oblong,
hairy.
52 Princess royal. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. Branches
pendulous. *
53 Leigh’s toper, Fox's toper. Fruit large, oblong," downy.
Branches pendulous.
54 Taylor's speedwell. Fruit large, oblong, ’hairy. Branches
pendulous.
IV. Fruit red.
§ 1. Branches spreading or pendulous.
* Fruit hairy or downy.
1 Alexander. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
2 Hamlet's beauty of England. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.
3 Waoerham' s black bullfinch. Fruit middle-sized, obovate,
dark red, downy.
4 Shipley's black prince. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, downy,
deep red.
5 Boardman’s British crown. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
6 Williams’s conqueror. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
7 Melling's crown bob. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. *
8 Worthington s defiance. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.
Branches pendulous.
9 Earl Grosvenor. Fruit large, obovate, downy. Branches
pendulous.
182
GROSSULARIEiE. I. Rises.
1 0 Early black. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, dark red.
Branches pendulous.
11 Early rough red. Fruit small, roundish oblong.
12 Berry's farmer's glory. Fruit large, obovate, downy.
Branches pendulous. *
13 Smith's favourite. Fruit middle-sized, roundish-oblong,
hairy.
14 Glory of Oldham. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, hairy.
15 Ironmonger, hairy black. Fruit small, roundish, hairy.
16 Jackson's slim. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, dark red,
downy.
17 Keens’s seedling, Keens's seedling Warrington. Fruit mid-
dle-sized, oblong. Branches pendulous. *
18 Bratherlon’s Lord of the Manor. Fruit large, roundish,
hairy. *
19 Knight’s Marquis of Stafford. Fruit large, roundish-ob-
long, hairy. *
20 Wright's matchless. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, dark-
red, hairy.
21 Miss Bold, pigeon’s egg. Fruit middle-sized, roundish,
downy, dark red, early. *
22 Bratherton’s over-all. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
23 Bratherlon’s pastime. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, dark
red. Branches pendulous.
24 Raspberry, nutmeg. Fruit small, roundish, hairy, dark
red. *.
25 Red Mogul. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. *
26 Large red oval. Fruit large, oval, hairy. *
27 Red rose. Fruit large, oblong, downy. Branches pen-
dulous. *
28 Red Smith. Fruit middle-sized, oval, downy.
29 Acherley's Rodney. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy.
Branches pendulous.
30 Rough red, little red hairy, old Scotch red, thick skinned
red. Fruit small, round, hairy. *
31 Small dark rough red, small rough red. Fruit small,
round, hairy. *
32 Royal oak. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy. *
33 Small red. Fruit small, round, hairy.*
34 Capper’s top sawyer. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, pale
red. Branches pendulous.
35 Denny’s triumphant. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
36 Lomas’s victory. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. Branches
pendulous.
37 Red walnut, Murrey, Eckersley’s double bearing, Ashton
red. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy, early.
38 Warrington red, Aston, volunteer. Fruit large, roundish-
oblong, hairy. Branches pendulous. This is one of the best,
and hangs late. *
39 Knight’s warrior. Fruit large, ovate, downy, pale red.
Branches pendulous.
40 Wilmot’s late superb. Branches large, roundish-oblong,
hairy.
* * Fruit smooth, red.
41 Gerard’s Ajax. Fruit large, roundish.
42 Red ball. Fruit small, roundish.
43 Claret. Fruit small, roundish.
44 Worthington' s conqueror. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
45 Rival’s emperor Napoleon. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
46 Whilton's glory . Fruit middle-sized, oblong, darkled.
47 Hooper’s great captain. Fruit large, oblong.
48 Ambersley hero. Fruit large, oblong, dark red.
49 Jagg’s red. Fruit large, roundish. Branches pendulous.
50 Eckersley’s jolly printer. Fruit large, oblong, dark red.
51 Brawnlie nutmeg. Fruit small, obovate.
52 Rider's Old England. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, dark
red. Branches pendulous.
53 Boardman’s Prince Regent. Fruit large, roundish, dark
red.
54 Red Turkey, smooth red. Fruit small, obovate.*
55 Ward's Richmond Hill. Fruit large, obovate, dark red.
Branches pendulous.
56 Johnson's ringleader. Fruit large, oblong. Branches pen-
dulous.
57 Farrow's roaring lion, great chance. Fruit very large, ob-
long. Branches pendulous.
58 Saint John. Fruit middle-sized, obovate.
59 Rider’s scented lemon. Fruit large, obovate. *
60 Greaves’s Smolensko. Fruit large, obovate. Branches
pendulous.
61 Chadwick’ s sportsman. Fruit large, obovate, dark red.
62 Bratherton s whipper-in. Fruit large, oblong, dark red.
Branches pendulous.
63 Wilmot’s early red. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, dark
red. Branches pendulous.
64 Wilmot’s seedling red. Fruit large, oblong, dark red.
65 Walkers Bank of England. Fruit large, obovate.
Branches pendulous.
§ 2. Branches erect.
* Fruit smooth, red.
66 Small red globe, smooth Scotch. Fruit small, roundish. *
* * Fruit red, hairy or downy.
67 Brundrett's atlas, Brundit's atlas. Fruit large, oblong,
hairy.
68 Barton's red. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.
69 Red Champagne, red Turkey, countess of Errol, Ironmon-
ger of many. Fruit small, roundish-oblong, hairy. A fruit of
unequalled richness. *
70 Dakins' s black. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, dark red. A
bad bearer.
71 Large red globe. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
72 Barton’s hairy red. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. A good
bearer.
73 Bratherton’s huntsman, Speechley’s rough red. Fruit large,
roundish, hairy. A good bearer.
74 Irish plum. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.
75 Hopley’s jubilee. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, dark red.
76 Allcock's king. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, dark red.
77 Lad Hartshorn's Lancashire. Fruit large, roundish, hain ,
dark red. A good bearer.
78 Little John. Fruit small, oblong, hairy, dark red.
79 Beaumont’ s red. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy. *
80 Leigh’s rifleman, Allcock's Duke of York, Yates’s royal
Ann. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. A good bearer, and late. *
81 Rob Roy. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, hairy.
82 Scarlet transparent. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. A
bad bearer.
83 Scotch best jam, dumpling. Fruit small, hairy, roundish. *
84 Denny’s Shalcspeare. Fruit large, roundish, hairy.
85 Mellor’s Sir Francis Burdett. Fruit large, obovate, pale
red.
86 Hampson’s Tantarara. Fruit middle-sized, obovate,
downy. *
87 Specchley's Yaxley hero . Fruit large, obovate, hairy. *
GROSSULARIE^E. I. Ribes.
183
Selection of sorts. — “ It must be admitted,” Neill observes,
“ that although large gooseberries make a fine appearance on
the table, they are often deficient in flavour when compared with
some of smaller size. Many of them have very thick strong
skins, and are not eatable unless thoroughly ripened. Some of
the large sorts, however, are of very good quality, such as the
red Champagne and the green walnut , &c. For culinary use in
the month of May, Wilmot's early red is larger and better than
most others, the skin not being tough, and the whole berry melt-
ing to a fine consistence.” Forsyth very judiciously recommends
cultivating the early and late sorts, in order to prolong the sea-
son of this fruit. But the best way of selecting sorts for any
particular purpose is from the list given above, where those that
are of particular excellence are marked by an asterisk.
Propagation. — The gooseberry may be propagated by all the
modes applicable to trees or shrubs, even by pieces of the roots ;
but the mode by cuttings is usually adopted for continuing
varieties, and that by seeds for procuring them.
By seeds. — The scientific mode of impregnating one variety
with another has, we believe, not been applied to this fruit. In
general the seed of some choice variety, thoroughly ripe, is taken
and sown in autumn or early in spring, in beds or pots of rich
light mellow earth ; when the plants are a year old, they are
planted out in nursery rows, to be cultivated and trained there
a year or two ; in general they will bear the third year. By
preparing for the best of these seedlings a very rich soil, and by
watering, shading, and thinning the fruit, the largest sorts have
been obtained. Not content with watering at the roots and over
the top, the Lancashire connoisseur, when he is growing for ex-
hibition, places a small saucer of water immediately under each
gooseberry, only 3 or 4 of which he leaves on the tree. This is
technically called suckling. He also pinches off a great part of
the young wood, so as to throw all the strength he can into the
fruit.
By cuttings. — Miller says, the best season for planting goose-
berry cuttings is in autumn, just before tlieir leaves begin to fall.
The cuttings should be taken from bearing shoots, rather than
from those that issue from the main stem. Cut them to such a
length as the strength and ripeness of the wood will bear, and cut
off all the buds, excepting three, or at most four at top, and
train the plants with a single stem of 0 inches or a foot high,
from the top of which the branches should radiate upwards at an
angle of 40u, or better if 45°. Haynes advises taking off cut-
tings in July, when the fruit is on the bush, in order to make
sure of the sorts. He says, by immediate planting, watering,
and shading, as good plants are produced as from ripe wooded
cuttings. Treat, of the gooseberry, &c. p. 29.
Soil and site. — Any good garden soil, on a dry bottom, and
well manured, will suit the gooseberry. That which is soft and
moist produces the largest fruit. The situation should not be
under the drip of trees, over much shaded or confined, other-
wise the fruit will be small, ill flavoured, and the plants apt to
mildew. Forsyth says, gooseberries should be dunged every
year, or at least have a good coat of dung once in two years.
Haynes recommends a mixture of peat and loam well manured,
and a shaded situation. The last he proposes to effect by plant-
ing among his quarters of gooseberries, rows of Jerusalem arti-
chokes in the direction of east and west.
Final planting. — “ The season for planting gooseberries is
any time during open weather, from October till March. When
trees are procured from the public nurseries, choose such as are
in some advanced state, about 3 years’ growth, with pretty full
heads, for immediate plentiful bearers. Let the general supply
be in standard bushes, and plant principally in the kitchen
garden, in single rows along the boundary edges of the main
quarters or outward borders, from 6 to 8 feet apart, or some
may be planted in cross rows, to subdivide extensive quarters.
When the object is to raise large quantities of fruit, plantations
are made in continued parallel row's, 8 or 10 feet asunder, by G
feet in tbe row. It would be eligible to plant a few choice sorts
against south and other sunny walls or paling, for earlier and
larger fruit ; and on north walls to ripen late in succession.”
Abercrombie. Forsyth says, “ The market gardeners about
London plant them in rows, from 8 to 10 feet apart from row to
row, and 6 feet from plant to plant in the rows. In small gar-
dens I would recommend planting them in quarters by them-
selves, at the distance of 6 feet between the row's, and 4 feet
from plant to plant ; or you may plant them round the edges of
the quarters about 3 feet from the path ; you will then have
the ground clear for cropping, and a man, by setting one foot on
the border, can gather the gooseberries without injuring the
crop.” Neil says, “ In some places gooseberry bushes on the
sides of the borders, are trained to a single tall stem, which is
tied to a stake ; this, though 6 or 8 feet high, occasions scarcely
any shade on the border, and it does not occupy much room, nor
exclude air ; while, at the same time, the stem becomes close
hung with berries, and makes a pleasant appearance in that state.”
Edinb. encycl. art. hort. § 161. Maher observes (Hort. trans.
2. p. 146.) “ that as the crop of ripe fruit is often injured by
having the largest and earliest berries prematurely gathered,
whilst green, for tarts, a sufficient number of trees of such
varieties as are earliest should be planted in a separate quarter
of the garden, and devoted exclusively to the use of the kitchen,
for tarts and sauce.”
Mode of bearing- — “ The gooseberry produces its fruit not
only on the shoots of last summer, and on shoots 2 or 3 years’
old, but also on spurs or snags arising from the elder branches
along the sides ; but the former afford the largest fruit. The
shoots retained for bearers should therefore be left at full length
or nearly so.” Abercrombie.
Pruning. — “ The bushes w'ill require a regular pruning twice
in the year.”
Summer pruning. — “ Where any bushes are crowded with
cross and water shoots of the same year, shading the fruit from
the sun, and preventing the access of air, thin the heart of the
plant and other tufted parts moderately, pinching oft’ or cutting
out close what spray is removed ; but do not touch the summer
shoots in general. Maher says, it will greatly contribute to the
perfection of the fruit, if the very small berries are taken away
with a pair of scissors about the middle or end of May ; and
these small berries will be found quite as good for sauce or
gooseberry cream as the larger.”
Winter pruning. — “ You may proceed to the w’inter pruning
any time from November until the end of February, or until the
buds are so swelled, that further delay w'oukl endanger their
being rubbed off in the operation. Cut out the cross-shoots and
water-shoots of the preceding summer, and the superfluous
among crowded branches. Prune long ramblers and low strag-
glers to some well placed lateral or eye ; or if any under straggler
spring very low, cut it away. Of last year’s shoots retain a
sufficiency of the best well-placed laterals and terminals in
vacant parts, to form successional bearers, and to supply the
places of unfruitful and decayed old-w’ood, which, as you pro-
ceed, should be removed. Mostly retain a leading shoot at the
end of the principal branch, leaving it either naturally terminal,
or, where the branch would thus be too extended, pruning in
some competent lateral within bounds. The superfluous young
laterals on the good main branches, instead of being taken off
clean, may be cut into little stubs of one or two eyes ; which wrill
send out fruit-buds and spurs. Of the supply reserved for new
bearers, a small number w ill probably require shortening, where
too extended, or curved incommodiously ; leave these from 8 to
184
GROSSULARIEdE. I. Ribes.
1 2 inches in length, according to strength and situation ; those
of moderate extent and regular growth will require very little
shortening, and many none at all. Observe, too close cutting or
general shortening, occasions a great superfluity of wood in
summer ; for the multiplied laterals thus forced from the eyes
of the shortened branches, increase to a thicket, so as to retard
the growth, and prevent the full ripening of the fruit ; on which
account it is an important part of pruning to keep the middle of
the head open and clear, and to let the occasional shortening of
the shoot be sparing and moderate. Between the bearing
branches keep a regular distance of at least 6 inches at the ex-
tremities, which will render them fertile bearers of good fruit.
Some persons, not pruning the gooseberry bush on right prin-
ciples, are apt to leave the shoots excessively close and tufted,
while they shorten the whole promiscuously ; others sometimes
clip them with garden shears to close round heads ; in conse-
quence of being pruned in these methods, the bushes shoot
crowdedly, full of young wood in summer, from which the fruit
is always very small, and does not ripen freely with full flavour.”
Forsyth says, “ Many of the Lancashire sorts are apt to grow hori-
zontally, and the branches frequently trail on the ground, which
renders them liable to be broken by high winds, especially when
they are loaded with fruit. In that case I would recommend 2
or 3 hoops to be put round them, to which the branches may
be tied to support them, and prevent their being broken by the
wind.” S. Jeeves has tried training gooseberries on an arched
trellis in the manner of a berceau or arbour-walk. For this
purpose he plants in rows, 5-^ feet apart, and the plants 3 feet
distant in the row. He chooses the strongest growing kinds,
and trains 4 branches at 9 inches distance from each plant, till
they meet at the top. The advantages of this plan are beauty
of appearance, fruit not sjdashed by rain, easily gathered, and
the ground more readily cultivated.
Insects and diseases, & c. — The caterpillars of saw-flies (Ten-
thredinidae, Leach), of butterflies (Papilia, Lin.), and of moths
(Phalsena, Lin.), are well known as serious enemies to goose-
berries. The larvae of the Tenthredinidae have from 16 to 20
feet, a round head, when touched they will roll themselves to-
gether. They feed on the leaves of the gooseberry, apple, and
most fruit trees, as well as on roses, and other shrubs and plants.
When full grown they make, sometimes in the earth, and some-
times between the leaves of the plants on which they feed, a
net-work case, which, when complete, is strong and gummy, and
in that change to the pupa incomplete, which for the most part
remains during the winter in the earth. The perfect fly
emerges early in the ensuing spring ; its serrated sting is used
by the female in the manner of a saw, to make incisions in the
twigs or stems of plants, where it deposits its eggs. The Cale-
donian Horticultural Society having requested information re-
specting the best method of preventing or destroying the cater-
pillar on gooseberries, received various communications on the
subject, and the following are extracts from such as they deemed
fit for publication.
J. Gibb describes the large black, the green, and the white
caterpillar, with his methods of destroying them : —
“ During the winter months the large black kind may be ob-
served lying in clusters on the under parts, and in the crevices
of the bushes ; and even at this season (Feb.) I find them in
that state. In the course of 8 or 10 days, however, if the
weather be favourable, they will creep up in the day time, feed
on the buds, and return to their nest during the night. When-
ever leaves appear upon the bushes they feed upon them till
they arrive at maturity, which is generally in the month of June;
after which they creep down upon the under sides of the
branches, where they lodge till the crust or shell is formed over
them. In July they become moths, and lay their eggs on the under
side of the leaves and bark. The produce of these eggs, coming
into life during the month of September, feed on the leaves so
long as they are green, and afterwards gather together in clusters
on the under side of the branches, and in the crevices of the
bark, where they remain all the winter, as already said. Winter
is the most proper time for attacking this sort with success, as
their destruction is most effectually accomplished by the simple
operation of pouring a quantity of boiling-hot water upon them
from a watering- pan, while no injury is thereby done to the
bushes.
“ The green sort are at present (February) in the shelly state,
lying about an inch under ground. In April they come out
small flies, and immediately lay their eggs on the veins and
under sides of the leaves. These eggs produce young cater-
pillars in May, which feed on the leaves till June or July, when
they cast a blackish kind of skin, and afterwards crawl down
from the bushes into the earth, where a crust or shell grows
over them, and in that state they continue till the following April.
The only method which I have hitherto found effectual for
destroying these is, 1st, to dig the ground around the bushes
very deep during the wdnter season, by which means the greater
part of them are destroyed, or buried too deep ever to penetrate
to the surface ; 2ndly, in April, when the flies make their ap-
pearance, to pick off all the leaves on which any eggs are ob-
servable ; this is a tedious operation, but may be done by chil-
dren. If any of the enemy should escape both these operations,
they will be discernible as soon as they come into life, by their
eating holes through the leaves, and may then easily be de-
stroyed, w'ithout the least injury to the bushes or fruit.
“ The white kind, otherwise called borers, are not so nume-
rous as the other kinds, though very destructive ; they bore the
berry, and cause it to drop off ; they preserve themselves during
the winter season in the chrysalis state, about an inch under
ground, and become flies nearly at the same time writh the last
mentioned kind ; they lay their eggs on the blossoms, and these
eggs produce young caterpillars in May, which feed on the ber-
ries till they are full grown, and then creep down into the earth,
where they remain for the winter in the shelly state.” Caled.
mem. vol. 1.
Macmurray, in autumn, pours a little cow urine around the
stem of each bush, as much as suffices merely to moisten the
ground. The bushes which were treated in this manner re-
mained free of caterpillars for two years ; while those that were
neglected or intentionally passed over, in the same compart-
ment, were totally destroyed by the depredations of the in-
sects. A layer of sea-weed laid on in autumn, and dug in in the
spring had the [same effect for one year. Caled. mem. vol. 1.
p. 95.
R. Elliot says, “ take 6 pounds of black currant leaves, and
as many of elder leaves, and boil them in 12 gallons of soft
water; then take 14 pounds of hot lime, and put it in 12 gal-
lons of water ; mix them altogether ; then w-ash the infested
bushes with the hand engine ; after that is done, take a little
hot lime, and lay it at the root of each bush that has been washed,
which completes the operation. By these means you com-
pletely destroy the caterpillars, without hurting the foliage. A
dull day is to be preferred to any other for washing. When the
foliage is all off the bushes, wash them over with the hand en-
gine to clean them of decayed leaves ; for this purpose any sort
of water will do ; then stir up the surface of the earth all round
the roots of the bushes, and lay a little hot lime about them to
destroy the eggs. This I have never found to fail of success
since the first trial, 6 years ago. The above mentioned propor-
tion of leaves, lime, and water, will serve for 2 acres of ground
or more, covered with bushes or trees in the ordinary manner,
and will cost very little money indeed. The same proportion is
GROSSULARIEiE. I. Ribes.
185
to be observed in making a wash for the rest of the trees or
bushes.”
J. Machray procured some tobacco and soft or black soap,
and boiled a quarter of a pound of tobacco with the one pound
of soft soap in about 18 scotch pints of water ; and kept stirring
the liquid while boiling with a whisk, in order to dissolve the
soap ; this liquor, when milk-warm, or so cool as not to hurt the
foliage, he applied to the bushes with a hand-squirt, in the
evening, and in the morning found all the ground under the
bushes covered with dead caterpillars. This practice he con-
tinued for six years, always when he saw any symptoms of the
approach of caterpillars.
J. Tweedie, in the course of any of the winter months, pares
all the earth from under the bushes to the depth of about 3
inches, into a flat ridge betwixt the rows ; and on the first dry
day following, either treads, beats, or rolls these ridges, and
trenches the whole down 1-| or 2 spades deep, observing to tread
the foul earth into the bottom of the trench.
Forsyth’s method is as follows: “Take some sifted quick-
lime, and lay it under the bushes, but do not at first let any of
it touch the branches or leaves ; then shake each bush suddenly
and smartly, and the caterpillars will fall into the lime ; if the
bush be not shaken suddenly, the caterpillars, on being a little
disturbed, will take so firm a hold as not easily to be shaken off".
After this is done, sift some of the lime over the bushes ; this
will drive down those which may have lodged on the branches.
The caterpillars ought to be swept up next day, and the bushes
well washed with clear lime-water mixed with urine ; this will
destroy any caterpillars that may still remain, and also the
aphides, if there are any on the bushes.”
Of all the methods for destroying caterpillars mentioned
above, Gibb’s appears to us the only plan on which any reliance
can be placed.
Taking the crop. — “ From gooseberries being useful for dif-
ferent purposes, both in a green and in a mature state, and from
the compass of time afforded by early and late sorts, they are in
season in great request 4 or 5 months in summer, from April
till September. The early sorts on south walls come in for
gathering in small green berries for tarts, &c. in April or early
in May, and attain maturity in June. From common standard
bushes an abundant supply is yielded in May and June of goose-
berries in a green state ; and in proportion as part is reserved to
ripen, a succession, in full size and maturity, is obtained in June,
July, and August. Some late kinds, either planted in shady
situations, or shielded with mats from the sun in their ripening
state, continue good on the bush till September.”
Prolonging the crop.— In addition to planting late sorts in
shady situations, the hushes, whether standards or trained, may
be matted over when the fruit is ripe, and in this way some of
the reds, as the Warrington, and the thick-skinned yellow sorts,
as the Mogul, will keep on the trees till Christmas.
Forcing. — The gooseberry may be forced in pots or boxes
placed in pits, or in the peach-house or vinery. The plants in
pots or boxes, are placed in pits, or in the peach-house in January,
and has ripe fruit in the end of April, which is sent to table
growing on the bush.
Common Gooseberry. FI. March, April. Britain. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
* Flowers red.
18 R. speciosum (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. append. 731.)
shrub bristly and prickly ; spines tripartite ; leaves roundish-oval,
3-5-lobed, obtuse ; peduncles few-flowered ; bracteas broadly
ovate ; calyx cylindrical, 4-parted, with erect glandular seg-
ments ; germens and pedicels beset with glandular bristles. Tj . H.
Native of North California and Monterrey, and Mexico. Sweet, fl.
gard. second ser. 1. 149. Lindl. bot. reg. vol. 18. with a figure. R.
VOL. III.
stamineum, Smith in Rees’ cycl.
R. triacantha, Menzies. R. fuch-
sioides, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex.
icon. ined. Flowers large, scar-
let, pendulous, very like those of
a Fuchsia. Stamens much ex-
serted ; style long, entire ; petals
cuneate, inserted on the very short
tube of the calyx, the margins
involute. Fruit hispid, (f. 32.)
Showy Gooseberry. Fl. May,
June. Clt. 1824. Sh. 4 to 5 ft.
19 R. Menzie'sii (Pursh. fl.
amer. sept. 2. append, p. 732.)
plant very prickly ; spines tripar-
tite ; leaves cordate, truncate at
the base, 5-lobed, serrated, wrinkled from veins, clothed with
pubescence beneath; peduncles usually 1 -flowered; calyx cy-
lindricaliy campanulate, deeply 5-parted, glandular ; stamens 5,
inclosed ; style a little exserted ; germens and peduncles prickly.
. H. Native of North California, at Port Trinidad. R. ferox,
Smith in Rees’ cycl. The present species and the preceding are
very showy plants, from their large bright red or crimson glan-
dular flowers, and may be considered as holding the same rank
among the gooseberries as R. sangmneum does among the cur-
rants.
Menzies' s Gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Sect. II. Botryca'rpum (from fiorpv c, botrys, a raceme, and
Kapnog, karpos, a fruit ; fruit disposed in racemes). This is an
intermediate section between sect. 1. Grossularia, and sect. 3.
Ribesia, having the prickles of the former, and racemose flowers
and small fruit of the latter. R. lacustre, no. 9. ought probably
to have been placed in this section.
20 R. Orienta'le (Poir. encycl. suppl. 2. p. 856.) plant
rather prickly ; leaves 3-5-lobed, orbicularly somewhat reniform,
cut, hairy ; lobes rather deep, obtuse ; petioles hairy ; racemes
erectish, few-flowered ; bracteas longer than the flowers ; style
bifid at the apex. Tj • H* Native of Syria. Desf. arb. 2. p.
88. Flowers greenish yellow. Fruit like those of the currant.
Eastern Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
21 R. saxa'tile (Pall. nov. act. petr. x. p. 276.) prickles
scattered; leaves roundish-cuneiform, bluntly 3-lobed ; racemes
erect ; bracteas linear, shorter than the pedicels ; calyx flat, sca-
brous ; petals small, of a livid green colour. 1; . H. Native of
Siberia. Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 239. R. alpinum, Sievers in
Pall. nord. beytr. 7. p. 345. ? Flowers small, greenish purple.
Petals spatulate. Berries smooth, globose, bractless, dark pur-
ple, when mature full of edible pulp, rarely so large as common
currants, and like them.
Rock Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1819. Shrub 4 to
5 feet.
22 R. diaca'ntha (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 157.) prickles twin, sti-
pular ; leaves cuneiform, tripartite, quite glabrous, shorter than
the petioles ; lobes toothed ; racemes long, erect ; flowers on
long pedicels ; bracteas length of flowers ; sepals roundish, yel-
lowish ; petals small, roundish, • H. Native of Dahuria and
Siberia. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 8. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 36. t. 66.
append, no. 79. t. 2. f. 2. Berries about the size of currants,
red, of a sweetish acid taste.
Two-spined Gooseberry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1781. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
Sect. III. Ribe'sia (an alteration from Ribes). Shrubs un-
armed (f. 33.). Racemes for the most part many-flowered (f. 33.).
Leaves plicate. Calyx campanulate (f. 33. 6.), or cylindrical.
B B
FIG. 32.
186
GROSSULARIEiE. I. Ribes.
* Flowers greenish or greenish-yellow.
23 R. alpi'num (Lin. spec. 291.) leaves 3-5-lobed, obtuse,
shining beneath, pilose above ; racemes erect, rather crowded ;
bracteas lanceolate, ventricose, bearing a few glands, usually
longer than the flowers; petals minute, almost abortive ; anthers
more or less nearly sessile ; styles joined, • H. Native of
Europe and Siberia, on the Alps ; in Britain, in woods, in
the north of England ; near Bradford, Yorkshire ; near Ripon
and in Durham ; also of Scotland, but rare. Smith, engl.
bot. 704. FI. dan. t. 698. Jacq. aust. 1. t. 47. Flowers
greenish-yellow. Berries red, elliptic, mucilaginous and insipid.
Far. a, sterile (Wallr. sched. p. 108.) flowers flat, destitute of
the germ, fugaceous; racemes dense, many-flowered; anthers
nearly sessile, bearing pollen, acute. R. dioicum, Moench. meth.
p. 683.
Var. fi, bacctferum (Wallr. 1. c.) flowers somewhat hypocrate-
riform ; racemes few-flowered ; anthers distinctly pedicellate,
but imperfect ; style hardly semibifid ; germ large. Cultivated
in gardens.
Var. y, pumilum (Lindl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 244.) in every
respect the same as the species, but not one-third the size, never
exceeding 3 feet.
Alpine Currant. FI. April, May. Britain. Shrub 3 to 6 ft.
24 R. resinosum (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 163.) all parts
of the shrub are full of resinous glands ; leaves 3-5-lobed,
roundish ; racemes erect ; calyx flattish ; petals bluntly rhom-
boid ; bracteas linear, longer than the pedicels. T? . H. Native
of North America, on the mountains. Sims, bot. mag. 1583.
Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 10. Flowers greenish yellow. Berry hairy,
red ? Perhaps the flowers are dioecious. Very like R. alpinum.
Resinous Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1800. Sh. 3 to 5 ft.
25 R. cilia'tum (Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 500.) plant beset with glands ; leaves 5-lobed, deeply cor-
date, doubly crenate-serrated, ciliated, glabrous above, but hairy
on the nerves and veins beneath ; lobes acute ; petioles beset
with glandular hairs ; racemes solitary. Tj . H. Native of
Mexico, on the burning mount Jorullo, at the elevation of 1500
feet. R. Jorullense, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 61.
Nearly allied to R. macrob'otrys.
Ciliated Currant. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
26 R. macrobo'trys (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 12. t. 202.
f. a.) leaves cordate, lobed, deeply serrated ; petioles ciliated at
the base ; racemes very long, pendulous, hairy ; bracteas linear-
subulate, pilose, nearly the length of the pedicels ; calyxes ru-
fescent ; petals small, red. T? . G. Native of Peru, on the
Andes, in groves. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 17. Berries greenish,
hairy.
Long-racemed Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
27 R. albifolium (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 12. t. 132. f. 6.)
leaves rather cordate, deeply serrated; racemes twice the length
of the leaves, pendulous ; bracteas spatulate, ciliated, length of
pedicels ; petals roundish, purplish ; anthers nearly sessile.
1? . H. Native of Peru, in groves about Munna. Berl. 1. c.
t. 2. f. 18. Berries globose, rather hairy. Allied to R. ma-
crobbtrys.
White-leaved Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
28 R. bracteosum (Dough mss. ex Flook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 232.) leaves on long petioles, cordate, deeply 5-7-lobed ;
lobes acuminated, cut, doubly serrated, hispid above, but full of
resinous dots beneath ; racemes often terminal, at length re-
flexed ; pedicels erectly spreading, pubescent, exceeding the
spatulate bracteas ; calyx rotate, glabrous ; petals minute,
roundish; germens and berries full of resinous dots. T? . H.
Native of the north-west coast of America, at the confluence of
the Columbia with the ocean. This is a very remarkable and
elegant shrub, with leaves nearly as large as, and resembling,
those of the Sycamore ; these, as well as the fructified racemes,
have a very strong resemblance to R. macrobotrys ; but the
flowers are widely different. Flowers purplish-yellow. Berries
about the size of those of R. rubrum.
Bracteate Currant. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
29 R. hirtum (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. herb, ex Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 501.) leaves ovate, rather cordate, 3-lobed,
reticulated beneath from hairy nerves and veins, and pale, but
blackish green above ; lobes deeply serrated, middle one the
largest ; petioles pilose, glanduliferous, and somewhat tomentose ;
racemes reflexed ; bracteas dentately ciliated ; petals roundish-
obovate ; styles bifid. . G. Native of South America, in
cold places on Mount Antisana, at the elevation of 300 feet.
Berl. l.c. t. 2. f. 13. R. frigidum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 6. p. 62. Flowers flesh-coloured. Berries hispid.
Hairy Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
30 R. fra' grans (Pall. nov. act. pet. 5. p. 377. t. 9.) leaves
glabrous, on long petioles, 3-5-lobed, greener above than below ;
racemes erect, stiff ; flowers campanulate, white, sweet-scented ;
bracteas deciduous ; petals lanceolate, acute, spreading. J? . H.
Native of Siberia, on the higher mountains. Berries red, of a
very sweet taste. From the under surface of the leaves exudes,
in very frequent little yellow drops, a very fragrant balsamic
resin, having a strong smell of the black currant.
Fragrant Currant. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
31 R. frocu'mbens (Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 35. t. 65.) leaves
bluntly lobed ; lobes serrated : lateral ones a little cut ; racemes
erect ; peduncles long, setaceous ; segments of the limb of the
flower pubescent, acute, of a livid purplish colour ; anthers
hardly rising from the calyx. . H. Native of Siberia, in
moist shady places. Flowers flattish. Berries very grateful
to the taste, rufescent when ripe. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 41. R.
polycarpon, Gmel. syst. veg. p. 419.
Procumbent Currant. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1804. Shrub pr.
32 R. frostra'tum (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 3. t. 2.) leaves deeply
cordate, 5-7-lobed, glabrous; lobes acute, cut, doubly serrated,
naked on both surfaces ; racemes erect, loose, slender ; bracteas
small, obtuse, much shorter than the pedicels, which are beset
with glandular bristles ; calyx rotate ; germens and berries
beset with glandular bristles. Fj . H. Native of Newfoundland;
throughout Canada ; and in woods on the Rocky Mountains.
Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 12. R. glandulosum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1.
p. 279. R. rigens, Bigel. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 9. R. glanduld-
sum, Richards, in Frankl. 1st journ. ed. 2. append, p. 7.
R. laxiflorum, Richards, in Frankl. 1st. journ. ed. 2. append,
p. 7. Berries large, reddish. This is a very distinct species.
Var. (3 ; racemes pubescent ; pedicels divaricate. Tj . H. Na-
tive of tbe north-west coast of America. R. affine, Dough mss.
R. laxiflorum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 731.
Prostrate Currant. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1812. Shrub pr.
33 R. trifidum (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 110.) leaves
smoothish, moderately lobed ; racemes loosely many-flowered,
pubescent; flowers small; calycine segments rather trifid ; ber-
ries hairy, red. b • H. Native of North America, near Quebec,
and at Hudson’s Bay. Lobes of leaves acutish. Racemes weak,
nearly like those of R. rubrum, but the flowers smaller. Petals
purplish, spatulate, rounded at the apex. Perhaps this is the
same as R. jirostratum.
7Vj/?d-calyxed Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Sh. pr.
34 R. Taka' re (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 208.) leaves cor-
date, 3-lobed, acuminated, doubly serrated, pubescent on both
surfaces, as well as on the branches. . H. Native of Nipaul,
in Sirinagur. Leaves as large as those of the /Sycamore. Flowers
unknown. The bush is called Takare by the Nipaulese.
Takare Currant. Shrub.
GROSSULARIEiE. I. Ribes.
187
35 R. multiflorum (Kit. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
493. but not of H. B. et Kunth) leaves 5-lobed, cordate, tomen-
tose beneath ; racemes very long, pendulous, drooping ; bracteas
shorter than the flowers ; petioles length of leaves ; petals
wedge-shaped; styles bifid, and sometimes distinctly trifid.
Ip . H. Native of Croatia. Sims, bot. mag. 2368. Berl. 1. c.
t. 2. f. 11. R. spicatum, Schultes, oestr. fl. ed. 1. p. 433.
Many-flowered Currant. Fl. April, May. CIt. 1822. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
36 R. acumina'tum (Wall. cat. no. 6834.) branches glabrous ;
leaves glabrous above, but with a few scattered hairs beneath,
3-5-lobed; lobes acuminated, serrated; racemes axillary, erect ;
peduncles pubescent; berries nodding; calyx campanulate ; pe-
tals rounded at the apex. Tp . H. Native of Nipaul, on Sirmore
and Emodi. Berries red, about the size of red currants.
Acuminated-\ea\ed Currant. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
37 R. spica'tum (Robs, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 240. t. 21.) leaves
roundish-cordate, 3-5-lobed, covered with soft pili above, and
tomentum beneath ; racemes erect ; flowers more or less pedi-
cellate ; bracteas obtuse, tomentose, much shorter than the
pedicels ; sepals roundish-cuneated ; petals oblong ; styles bifid.
Ip . H. Native of the North of England, in woods, near Rich-
mond, in Yorkshire ; and between Piersbridge and Gainford,
Durham. Smith, engl. bot. 1290. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 16. Ber-
ries glabrous, globose, colour and taste of those of R. rilbrum.
The tree currant affords a fruit rather smaller and more acid
than the common red currant ; but by crossing and cultivation
might, no doubt, be greatly improved ; and from its compara-
tively tree-like habits, might be a more convenient fruit shrub
in respect to crops around it.
Spiked-flowered Currant. Fl. April, May. Engl. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
38 R. petRje'um (Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 2. p. 36.) leaves acu-
minated, 3-5-lobed, rather cordate, deeply serrated, on long
petioles, pilose above ; racemes erect, crowded, rather pubes-
cent ; bracteas shorter than the pedicels ; sepals obtuse ; petals
obcordate. Tp . H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia, Savoy,
and on almost all the mountains of Europe. In England, near
Eggleston and Conscliffe, in the county of Durham; and in Scots-
wood Dean, Northumberland. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 14. Jacq. icon.
1. t. 49. Smith, engl. bot. 705. R. alpinum, Delarb. auvergn.
p. 166. Petals small, white. Berries large, deep red, with an
acid taste. Fruiting racemes pendulous. The rock currant is
sometimes called Woolly-leaved currant, and Red Marsh mallow-
leaved currant.
Rock Currant. Fl. May. England. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
39 R. rigens (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 110.) branches
erect ; leaves glabrous above, pubescent beneath, wrinkled reti-
culately ; lobes and teeth acute ; racemes rather loose, many-
flowered, when bearing the fruit stiffish and erect. Ip . H.
Native of Canada, and the mountains of Pennsylvania. Pursh,
fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 136. Berries red, hispid.
Stiffish-r acemefl Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Sh.
4 to 6 feet.
40 R. villosum (Wall. cat. no. 6832.) branches pubescent;
leaves nearly orbicular, cordate, bluntly 3-lobed, villous as well
as the petioles ; racemes erect, few-flowered. Ip . H. Native
of Sirinagur.
Villous Currant. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
41 R. albine'rvium (Michx. 1. c.) leaves short, petiolate,
deeply and acutely lobed, smoothish, with whitish nerves ; ra-
cemes recurved. Ip . H. Native of Canada, and on the Cats-
kill Mountains, in the state of New York. Flowers small.
Berries red, glabrous.
White-nerved Currant. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. ? Sh. 4 feet.
42 R. tubulosum (Eschscholtz, pi. calif, p. 281.) leaves cor-
date, 3-lobed, clothed with white tomentose pubescence be-
neath ; petioles angular, dilated at the base, and furnished
with broad, dilated, jagged, membranous stipulas ; racemes ter-
minal, erect ; bracteas entire, with glandular margins ; calycine
segments short, roundish ; petals oblong. T? . H. Native of
North California. Stem strigose, dark purple, pruinose ; branches
angular, covered with setose, deciduous bark. Pedicels and
germs dotted with white tomentum. Petals pale brown. Very
nearly allied to R. albinervium and R. sanguineum.
Tubular-flowered Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
43 R. tubiflorum (Meyer, in acad. Morou. vol. 7.) unarmed;
hairs glandular, at length deciduous ; adult leaves cordate, 5-
lobed, pubescent beneath ; racemes somewhat spicate, terminal,
drooping ; calyx tubular, pubescent, exceeding the bracteas ;
petals nearly orbicular. Tp . H. Native of North California.
Tube-flowered Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
44 R. Magella'nicum (roir. suppl. 2. p. 856.) stems rather
prostrate ; leaves 3-lobed, crenately undulated, glabrous be-
neath, and paler ; racemes erectish, thick ; bracteas longer than
the pedicels ; petals reflexed at the apex. T? . H. Native of
the Straits of Magellan.
Magellan Currant. Shrub pr.
45 R. puncta'tum (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 12. t. 233. f. a.)
leaves 3-lobed, serrated, beset with resinous glands beneath, as
well as on the bracteas ; racemes longer than the leaves, either
drooping or erect ; bracteas cuneate-oblong, obtuse, at length
reflexed ; calyx campanulate, yellowish ; berries oblong, hairy.
Tp . F. Native of Chili, on hills. Petals small, yellow. Ber-
ries red, dotted. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 19. Lindl. bot. reg. 1278.
DoMed-berried Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1826. Sh.
3 to 4 feet.
46 R. viscosum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 13.) leaves cor-
date, 5-lobed, crenated, rough, clammy, 5-nerved; racemes
short, simple, solitary ; bracteas lanceolate, length of calyx.
Tp . H. Native of Peru, on rocks. Corolla yellow. Calyx
nearly of the same colour. Berries small, pale purple.
Clammy Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
47 R. iietero'trichum (Meyer, in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
235. fl. alt. 1. p. 270.) stem erectish; leaves pubescent,
bristly, and glandular, nearly orbicular, 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse,
toothed ; racemes erect ; pedicels equal in length to the brac-
teas ; calyx flat, pubescent ; berries puberulous, glandless, bract-
less. T? . H. Native of Altaia, on rocks at the foot of the
mountains, on the west of Buchtorminsk, towards the river
Kurtschum ; also on the mountains in the Kirghisean Steppe.
Calyx of a livid purple colour ; petals purple, rounded, and
entire at the apex. Berries almost like those of R. rubrum, but
orange-coloured.
Variable-haired Currant. Fl. April, May. Shrub 2 to 3 ft.
48 R. Carpa'thicum (Kit. in Schultes, oestr. fl. 2. ed. 1. p.
432. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 493.) stem erect ; leaves
5-lobed, cordate ; racemes pendulous, and are as well as the
calyxes pubescent ; petals flattish, smaller than the calyx. Tp .
H. Native of the Carpathian mountains. R. acerrimum, Ro-
chel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c. Perhaps only a variety of R.
rubrum.
Carpathian Currant. Shrub 4 feet.
49 R. ru'brum (Lin. spec. 290.) leaves cordate, bluntly 3-5-
lobed, pubescent beneath, when young usually rather tomentose,
glabrous above ; racemes drooping ; bracteas ovate, shorter
than the pedicels ; calyx flatly campanulate, spreading ; sepals
obtuse; petals obcordate ; fruit quite glabrous. Tp.H. Na-
tive of Europe and Siberia, in woods ; and throughout Canada
to the mouth of the Mackenzie ; in mountainous woods, espe-
cially in the north of England and in Scotland, about the banks
of rivers ; undoubtedly wild on the banks of the Tees : in the
Isle of Isla, and in Culross woods, Scotland. Woodv. med. bot.
b b 2
188
GROSSULARIEiE. I. Ribes.
t. 74. FI. dan. 967. Blackw. herb. t. 285. Smith, engl. bot.
1289. Flowers yellowish.
Var. a, sylvestre (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 406.) leaves and berries
smaller ; lobes of leaves short.
Var. /3, hortense (D. C. 1. c.) leaves larger, sometimes varie-
gated ; berries sweeter and larger than in var. a. Cultivated in
gardens. R. rubrum, Lois. nouv. diet. 3.
Var. y, edrneum (Berl. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 481.) leaves
rather tomentose beneath ; sepals red ; cells of anthers distant ;
berries pale red. R. ritbrum domesticum (3, baccis carneis,
Wallr. sched. p. 106.
Var. S, variegdtum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 481.) berries variegated.
Wallr. 1. c.
Var. e, album (Desf. cat. bot. p. 164.) berries white. Ait.
hort. kew. 2. p. 40. Wallr. sched. p. 106. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 15.
The red currant is called Groseille ordinaire a grappes, or
d' outre mer, in French ; Johannisbeere, in German ; and Uvetta,
in Italian. It is a low shrub, with smooth branches, downy
leaves, yellowish green flowers, disposed in pendulous racemes,
which appear in May, and the fruit ripens in June and July.
The berries of this shrub, in its wild state, are red ; but cul-
tivation has produced white and pale red berries. Professor
Martyn observes, that “ The currant does not seem to have been
known to the ancientGreeks and Romans, as the southern nations
of Europe have not even an appropriate name to it at this day.
The old French name, groseilles d’ outre mer, and the Dutch,
beskins oversee, proclaim their having been strangers imported.
Our English name of currant is evidently from the similitude of
the fruit to that of the Corinth grape, the small grape of Zante,
or the common grocers’ Corinths or currants. The red currant
has been long cultivated in Britain, and very much improved in
the size of the bunch and berry.”
Use. — The fruit is acceptable at the dessert, being of an
agreeable acid taste. It is much used for jellies, jams, and wines.
Forsyth says it is the most useful of all the small fruit, either
for the table and kitchen, or for preserving, making wine, &c.,
and continues longer in succession than any other. According
to Withering, the juice forms an agreeable acid to punch ; and
Professor Martyn says it was a common beverage in Paris in
1763. Its medicinal qualities are similar to those of other sub-
acerb fruits, allaying thirst, lessening an increased secretion of
the bile, and correcting a putrid and scorbutic state of the fluids.
Varieties. — There are as follow :
* Red currants.
1 Common red, groseillier rouge a petit fruit, groseillier
ordinaire a fruit rouge.
2 Red Dutch, large red Dutch, New red Dutch, large red,
large bunched red, Morgan's red, red grape, groseillier rouge
a gros fruit. This is the best of the red currants for all pur-
poses.
3 Knight's large red.
4 Knight's sweet red currant.
5 Knight's early red currant.
6 Champagne, groseillier a fruit couleur de chair.
7 Striped-leaved currant, and variegated-leaved currant.
8 Large pale red Dutch.
* * White currants.
1 Common white currant, groseillier a fruit blanc.
2 White Dutch currant, new while Dutch, Morgan's white,
white crystal, while Leghorn, pearl white. This is one of the
very best of the white currants.
3 Pearl white, blanc perli.
4 Speary’s while.
Propagation and nursery culture. — The same as in the goose-
berry. With a view to obtaining new improved varieties from
seed, Mr. Knight procured cuttings, in the year 1810, of the
finest varieties of the red and white currants, which he planted
in pots of very rich mould, and placed under a south wall, to
which the trees were subsequently trained. At the end of 3
years, within which period the pots had been as often changed,
the trees were first suffered to produce blossoms. These were,
with the exception of a very small number, removed from the
white currant bushes, as soon as their buds unfolded ; and those
which remained were deprived of their stamens while immature,
and subsequently fertilized by the pollen of the red variety.
The seeds thus obtained wTere sown in pots, as soon as the fruit
had become perfectly mature, and were subjected early in the
following spring to the artificial heat of a forcing-house ; by
which means, and by proper subsequent attention, the plants
grew more than a foot in height the first season. At 2 years
old, in the year 1816, several of the plants, and in 1817, the
greater part of them, produced fruit of great variety of charac-
ter and merits ; but out of about 200 varieties, only 3 red and
2 white appeared to possess greater merits than their parents.
Soil and site. — All the sorts are very hardy, will grow freely
and bear plentifully almost any where, alike in open or shady
situations, by which the fruit may be obtained early, in June
and July, and prolonged for several months in succession till
October. As to soil, the currant generally does well in any
common garden-soil, well tilled and recruited : it bears the
greater crop in a strong loam or improved clay, somewhat moist ;
the earlier in a sandy light soil, which is not poor. Previous to
planting, the ground should be dug 2 feet deep.
Final planting. The season for planting, on a dry soil, is
any time in open weather from the fall of the leaf till Fe-
bruary or March. Plants expected to bear the following sum-
mer, are best moved in October, unless the ground be wet in
winter. Allot a competent supply of standard bushes, to be
planted chiefly in the kitchen garden, in a single row, round the
main quarters, or in the outward borders, or some in cross rows,
to divide extensive quarters. Plant them from 5-10 feet dis-
tance in the row. To raise large supplies, full plantations are
formed in parallel rows, with intervals between the rows of 8
or 10 feet, and between the trees in each row of 6 feet. Where
convenient, have also some choice sorts, trained against walls,
paling, or trellis-work, of different aspects, to obtain early and
late fruit in perfection ; some against a south exposure for early
production ; others on east, west, and north walls for interme-
diate succession and late fruit. Plant them at 6, 8, or 10 feet
distance ; letting them occasionally fill up the vacant spaces
between other wall-trees. The branches should be allowed to
advance from near the bottom, and be trained in a nearly hori-
zontal direction, from 3-6 inches asunder. Before nailing them,
cut out superabundant and irregular growths, retaining a com-
petency of regular shoots for orderly training, among which, if
any are of very considerable length, prune them to moderate
extent. Some may likewise be trained as espaliers, in a de-
tached row in the borders or divisions of the quarters. The
bushes so trained may either be left to grow without support, or
be tied occasionally to stakes, and the branches thus will not
overspread the ground. Being kept moderately thin and re-
gular, they will bear fine large fruit, and make an agreeable
appearance.
Mode of bearing. — Currant bushes, in general, bear the fruit
both on the young wood of one, two, or three years’ growth,
and on the older branches from small spurs and snags along the
sides, which continue for several years fruitful ; but the fruit
produced on the last year’s shoots are always the finest, espe-
cially when the old mother bearers have borne more than 4
years.
GROSSULARIEiE. I. Ribes.
189
Pruning. — The chief part of the future culture is seasonable
pruning. After the plants are furnished with full heads, they
produce many superfluous and disorderly shoots every summer,
crowding the general bearers, so as to require retrenchment
and regulation, both in the young growth of the year and older
wood. The season for the capital pruning is winter ; but a pre-
paratory part is performed in summer, to thin the superfluous
shoots of the year where too crowded, excluding the sun and
air from the fruit. First as to standards : —
Summer pruning. — In May or June cut out close the most
irregular shoots, rising in the centre of the bush with all the
cross and water shoots, to admit more freely the essential in-
fluence of the air and sun, and promote the growth of the fruit
and improve its flavour. Also twist off all root suckers as they
appear.
Winter pruning. — This extends both to the old and young
wood ; the time for it is when the plant is at rest. Of the
shoots of the preceding summer, cut out the cross-placed and
the otherwise irregular, with those which are not wanted for
vacancies ; but superfluous good lateral shoots are to be cut
down to short stubs or artificial spurs, about half an inch long,
so as to leave an eye or two, in order that they may send out
fruit-shoots and spurs. With regard to the old bearers, take
away those which are naked, or getting unfruitful, or of which
the fruit is declining in size ; reduce any of excessive length,
pruning in to some well-placed lateral young shoot, to preserve
the head within some regular compass ; cut out also any de-
cayed or cankery parts ; retain a competency of the finest best-
placed new shoots above and below vacant parts, to come in for
successional bearers, or to supply the places of defective old
wood, and preserve a leading shoot to the principal branches,
where within orderly limits, shortening such terminal shoots as
are of greatest length to 10, 12, or 15 inches, according to their
strength and the situation of the branches, and leaving those of
small extent mostly entire. Take care of the small lateral
fruit-spurs, and occasionally select short lateral shoots of 1,2,
or 3 inches, for bearing fruit ; or similar small shoots may be
cut to short snags of an inch or two long, also for fruiting.
Thin out spurs of the old branches where very thick. As the
old fruit branches decline bearing, or decay, cut them away,
taking care to provide young ones in succession ; and thus keep
the bushes always furnished with full-bearing branches, and ad-
vancing young bearers, in a regular open expansion, 6, 8, or 10
inches asunder at the extremities, circumscribing the general
head within the height of 3 or 4 feet, or 5 at most.
“ Currants of the finest quality,” Mr. Neill observes, “ are
raised by Macdonald, at Dalkeith House. A good deal depends
upon the way in which he manages the bushes, especially during
the ripening of the fruit. He prunes the bushes at the usual
season of mid-winter, shortening the last year’s shoots down to
an inch or an inch and a half. Next summer the plants show
plenty of fruit, and at the same time throw out plenty of strong
shoots. As soon as the berries begin to colour, he cuts off the
summer shoots to within 5 or 6 inches before the fruit. This is
commonly done with the garden shears, with which a man may
go over half an acre of bushes in a day. Sun and air thus get
more free access, and more of the vigour of the plant is di-
rected to the fruit ; the berries are found not only to be of higher
flavour, but larger than usual.” — Neill, Cal. mem. vol. 2.
To nail-bushes, espaliers, and fan- standards, without support,
the same course of summer and winter pruning is applicable,
with the obvious variations required by their figure. In training
wall-trees, 2 branches are led in an horizontal direction along
the bottom of the wall or trellis, perhaps half a foot from the
surface of the earth, and the growths from these of all upright
shoots, which will admit of being arranged at the distance of
5 or 0 inches from each other, is encouraged. Fan standards
are sometimes trained in a manner nearly similar, and some-
times with the branches radiating from the crown of the stem.
Insects, &c. — The red currant is occasionally attacked by the
caterpillar, and very frequently by the aphis ribes, Lin. which
changes the colour of the leaves to red, pits and puckers them,
and causes the fruit to be shrivelled and flavourless. Forsyth
says, “ As currants are very liable to be devoured by earwigs,
which take shelter under their leaves and branches, bundles of
bean-stalks should be hung up some time before the bushes are
covered with mats or nets. If proper attention be not paid to
this, the fruit will generally suffer very much from these insects.
After the bushes are covered, take the mats off once in 3 or 4
days, and kill the earwigs that have got into the bean-stalks,
which it will be necessary still to keep hung up. As there is a
sweetness in the inside of bean-stalks which attracts the ear-
wigs, they very regularly take shelter in them from rain.”
Taking the crop and preserving. — The ripening fruit comes
in for small gatherings in June, advances to maturity in July,
and continues in perfection till the end of August ; or if trees
in a full exposure are timely defended from birds and the full
sun, with garden mats, or protected with nets where they grow
against walls, the fruit may be continued good till September or
October. Gather in a dry state, as in rainy weather they lose
their flavour.
Forcing. — To obtain early currants by forcing, let some good
bearing trees, in pots, be placed early in January or February,
in any common forcing department : they will produce ripe fruit
in April or May.
Red and White Currant. FI. April, May. Brit. Sh. 4 to G ft.
50 R. glandulosum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. t. 233. f. 6. but
not of Ait.) leaves cordate, bluntly 3-lobed, doubly serrated,
rugged; racemes short; calyx glandular, pubescent. I? . H.
Native of Chili, on wooded hills. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 20.
G7awdw(ar-calyxed Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
51 R. campanula tum (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. herb, ex
Roem. et Schultes, 2. p. 500.) leaves somewhat 5-lobed, doubly
crenated, cordate, hairy beneath ; lobes obtuse ; petioles cili-
ated with glandular hairs ; racemes pendulous ; calyx campa-
nulate ; petals oblong-spatulate ; styles bifid. Tj . H. Native
of Mexico, near Moran, at the height of 3900 feet. R. affine,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 60. Flowers
white. Hardly distinct from the following species.
Campanulate- calyxed Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
52 R. Ku'nthii (Berl. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 482.) leaves
somewhat 5-lobed, doubly serrated, rather cordate at the base,
pubescent ; racemes solitary or numerous, crowded, erect ; calyx
campanulate ; petals spatulate, reflexed ; stamens 5-6, hardly
shorter than the petals ; styles 3-4-cleft ; stigmas capitate. Tj .
H. Native of Mexico, along with the preceding. R. multi-
florum, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. but not of Kit.
Kunth' s Currant. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
53 R. tri ste (Pall. nov. act. petro. 10. p. 378.) leaves 5-
lobed ; branches simple, twiggy, bearing leaves and racemes of
flowers at the apex ; racemes pendulous, both when in flower
and in fruit ; corollas flattish, reddish on the outside, and yel-
lowish inside ; petals revolute. T? . H. Native of Siberia,
on the Mongol Mountains. Berries small, black, insipid. Root
creeping.
DarA:-fruited Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
54 R. glacia'le (Wall. cat. no. 6833.) branches smooth ;
leaves glabrous above, but with a few scattered bristly hairs
beneath, cordate at the base, 3-5-lobed at the apex ; lobes acute,
serrated ; petioles long, serrated at the base ; racemes droop-
190
GROSSULARIE.ZE. I. Ribes.
ing ; calyx campanulate ; petals longer than the calyx. Tj . H.
Native of Nipaul,on Emodi and Gosaingsthan. Flowers white.
Berries black.
Icy Currant. FI. April, May. Clt. 1823. Sh. 4 to 6 feet.
55 R. nigrum (Lin. spec. 291.) leaves dotted from glands be-
neath, 3-5-lobed ; racemes loose ; bracteas minute, subulate or
obtuse, much shorter than the pedicels ; petals oblong ; calyx
campanulate, with reflexed segments. T? . H. Native of Europe
and Siberia, in woods ; plentiful in some parts of Britain about the
banks of rivers, in the north of England and in Scotland. Berl.
1. c. t. 2. f. 21. Woodv. med. hot. t. 75. FI. dan. 556. Blackw.
285. Smith, engl. hot. 1291. R. olidum, Moench. meth. 683.
Flowers whitish green ; calyx often of a rich brownish red-
colour. Stamens sometimes more than 5, and there are fewer
petals; so that when there are 10 stamens, there are no petals ;
this change of petals into stamens is just the reverse of the pro-
cess by which single flowers become double ; but it is the only
fact of the kind which has hitherto been observed. Stigmas bifid.
Berries globose, black, glandular. The black currant is a shrub
with smoothish branches, strong smelling leaves, with a solitary
1 -flowered pedicel at the base of each raceme. The flowers
appear in April, and the fruit ripens in June and July, and
changes from a green to a black colour. It is a native of most
parts of Europe, especially the more northern parts. It abounds
in the woods in the north of Russia, and the subalpine regions
of Siberia, where the branches and berries are very large, and
sapid. In Britain it is found in wet hedges, on the banks of
rivers, in alder swamps, and sometimes in woods.
Use. — The fruit, which has a peculiar flavour, and disliked by
some, is seldom brought to the dessert ; hut it is eaten in pud-
dings and tarts, and made into jellies and wines. The Russians
put the berries into brandy, and the Irish into whisky, in the
same way as the English put cherries : the Russians also ferment
the juice with honey, and so form a strong and palateable wine.
Many cottagers, who cannot afford to mix green tea with black,
substitute one or two dried leaves of the black currant, the
flavour produced by which few are so acute as to distinguish
from that of the mixture of green and black tea.
The varieties are as follow :
1 Wild black. 2 Black grape, Ogder’s black grape. 3 Black
Naples, Cassis of the French ; this is one of the best of black
currants. 4 Green-fruited black ; fruit of a dingy colour, of no
value. 5 Russian green.
Propagation. — By cuttings. See gooseberry.
Soil and site. — A moist soft soil, and shady situation ; such as
is afforded by borders of north exposure is preferable. Miller
says, “ the fruit is always best when the plants are placed in an
open situation, in light loamy soil.”
Final planting. — As only a few plants are in general required
for private gardens, these may be placed at the distance recom-
mended for gooseberries, in the margin of a shady border, or
against a wall of a north exposure. Mr. Neill says, it produces
most fruit as a standard, hut the largest berries when trained to
a wall.
Mode of bearing. — The black currant bears chiefly on the
shoots of the preceding year, and also from snags and spurs,
which, however, are less abundant, and of smaller size in the
black currant than in the gooseberry or red currant.
Insects and diseases. — The black currant is seldom attacked
by insects, though, like the elder tree, it has its own variegated
caterpillar, which sometimes reduces it to a state of complete
nudity.
Gathering the fruit. — See red currant.
Forcing. — The black currant may be forced in pots like the
gooseberry. In Russia this is often done for the sake of the
fragrance of the leaves.
Black Currant. FI. April. Britain. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
56 R. Biebersteinii (Berl. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 482.)
leaves cordate, acutely 3-5-lobed, sharply and doubly serrated,
rather pilose above, and villously tomentose beneath ; serratures
numerous ; racemes nodding ; petals minute. I? . H. Native
of Caucasus. R. Caucasicum, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 160. but not
of Adams. Leaves having a strong scent like those of R. nigrum.
Berries black.
Bieber stein' s Currant. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
57 R. Hudsonia'num (Richards in Frankl. first, journ. ed. 2.
append, p. 6.) branches erect; leaves 3-lobed, quite glabrous
above, full of resinous dots beneath, and are, as well as the pe-
tioles, villous ; germens dotted ; berries globose, glabrous,
black ; racemes erect, pubescent ; bracteas short ; segments of
the calyx, w’hich is campanulate, spreading. J? . H. Native of
North America, from Hudson’s Bay to the Rocky Mountains, in
the west, and as far north as lat. 57°. Flowers small ; petals
white. The fruit, and peculiar odour of the plant, are that of R.
nigrum.
Var.fi; racemes longer ; calyx smoothish. 1? . H. Native
of the north-west coast of America, on the mountains of the
Columbia, about the Kettle Falls. R. petiolare, Doug, in hort.
trans. 7. p. 514.
Hudson's Bay Currant. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
58 R. floridum (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 4.) leaves full of resinous
glands, 3 or 5-lobed, cordate, double-serrated ; racemes pendu-
lous, pubescent ; bracteas linear, longer than the pedicels ; calyx
tubularly campanulate, glabrous : with the segments obtuse, and
at length reflexed ; germens and black berries oval-globose, gla-
brous. ^2 • H. Native throughout Canada ; and of Pennsyl-
vania. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 22. R. nigrum fi, Lin. spec. 291. R.
Pennsylvanicum, Lam. diet. 3. p. 49. R. recurvatum, Michx. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 109. according to Torrey. — Rib&sium nigrum,
&c. Dill, eltli. 2. t. 244. f. 315. This is in many respects allied
to R. nigrum, but its more copious, denser flowers, and espe-
cially the long bracteas, and more tubular calyx, will always dis-
tinguish it ; the solitary pedicel too at the base of the flowers is
wanting in this species. Petals oblong, rather erose at the apex.
Flowering Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1729. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
59 R. ine'brians (Lindl. in bot. reg. 1471.) leaves roundish,
deeply 3-5-lobed, and deeply toothed, truncate at the base,
glandular on both surfaces ; petioles pubescent ; peduncles 3-5-
flowered, pendulous ; flowers aggregate ; calyx tubular, glandu-
lar, with the segments recurved. T? . H. Native of North
America. Calyx greenish white, with the tube 4 lines long.
Leaves smelling like those of R. floridum. The species was
received from Mr. Floy of New York, under the name of in-
toxicating currant, but without any account of its quality. The
berries probably possess some narcotic quality.
Intoxicating Currant. Clt. 1827. Fl. April. Shrub 3 to 4 ft.
60 R. ce'reum (Dougl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 512. bot. reg.
1263. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 234.) leaves small, cordate,
lobed, serrated, clothed with glandular pubescence, glabrous,
glaucous, full of white glands above ; racemes pendulous, rather
capitate ; bracteas ovate, adpressed to the germens, which are
glabrous ; flowers nearly sessile, cylindrical, rather angular ;
calycine segments small, reflexed. 1?. H. Native of North-
west America, on the banks of the Columbia, and its southern
tributary streams, from the Great Falls to the Rocky Mountains,
in gravelly or sandy soil. In the small foliage, and few-flow-
ered racemes, this species resembles the gooseberry tribe, but
without any thorns. The flowers are rather large and white,
with a slight tinge of green, rather downy. White waxy dots
like scales cover the upper surface of the leaf, whence the speci-
fic name.
Waxy- leaved Currant. Fl. April. Clt. 1827. Shrub 2 to 3 ft.
8
GROSSULARIE/E. I. Ribes.
191
61 R. viscosi'ssimcm (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 153.) leaves
cordate, obtuse, 3-5-lobed, deeply crenated, viscid from glandu-
lar pubescence : glands on both surfaces ; racemes erect, corym-
bose ; bracteas linear-obovate, rather shorter than the pedicels,
which are clothed with glandular hairs ; calyx tubularly campa-
nulate, with erectly spreading obtuse segments ; germens and
fruit ovate-oblong, clothed with viscid hairs. Tj . H. Native of
North America, on the Rocky Mountains, and in dry plains in
partially shaded places towards the sources of the Columbia ;
also on the summits of the hills near the Spokan and Kettle
Falls, at an elevation of 8000 feet above the sea. Hook. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 234. t. 74. Berries oblong-ovate, black. Flowers
large, pale yellowish green. This is a very fine and remarkable
species.
Very-clammy Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1826. Shrub
4 to 8 feet.
* * Flowers deep red.
62 R. atropurpureum (Meyer in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
231. fl. alt. 1. p. 268.) stem erect ; leaves pubescent, nearly or-
bicular, cordate, 3-5-lobed ; lobes acute, serrated ; racemes
drooping ; pedicels exceeding the bracteas ; calyxes campanu-
late, ciliated ; berries glabrous, bractless. . H. Native of
Altaia, on mountains and subalpine places at the river Ursal,
also at the river Tscharysch. Berries dark purple, size of those
of the common currant.
Far. a ; flowers deep purple ; leaves rather pubescent be-
neath, but smooth and glabrous above, as well as the branches.
Var. (3 ; leaves rather pubescent beneath, but hispid from
bristles above, as well as the petioles and stems. Near the river
Volschoi Ulegumen.
Var. y ; flowers paler; leaves pubescent above, but most so
below ; branches smooth.
Dark -purple -lowered Currant. Fl. April, May. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
63 R. sangui'neum (Pursh. fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 164.) leaves cor-
date, somewhat 5-lobed, serrated,
veiny, smoothish above, but clothed
with villous tomentum beneath ;
racemes drooping, pubescent,
twice the length of the leaves ;
calyx tubularly campanulate, with
oblong obtuse spreading seg-
ments, exceeding the petals, which
are red, and quite entire ; brac-
teas obovate-spatulate ; berries
turbinate, hairy. Jj . H. Native
of the north-west coast of Ame-
rica, in abundance from lat. 38°
to 52°, usually growing in rocky
situations by the sides of streams.
Dough in hort. trans. 7. t. 13. bot. reg. 1349. Sweet, fl. gard.
n. s. t. 109. R. malvaceum, Smith in Rees’ cycl. This is per-
haps the most ornamental species of the genus, bearing a profu-
sion of large racemes of deep rose-coloured flowers, and is there-
fore well adapted for ornamenting shrubberies and pleasure
grounds. The berries are brownish black and bitter, completely
destitute of the pulpy substance common to most of the species
of the tribe.
Bloody-dowered Currant. Fl. April. Clt. 1826. Shrub 4
to 8 feet.
Sect. V. Symphoca'lyx (from trvgfvw, symphuo, to join toge-
ther, and Ka\v £, calyx, a calyx ; in reference to the calyx being
tubular in all the species belonging to this section). Berl. 1. c. t. 2.
D. C. prod. 3. p. 483. Calyx tubular, yellow. Racemes many-
flowered. Leaves compassing in the bud. Unarmed shrubs.
64 R. au'reum (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 164.) quite gla-
brous ; leaves 3-lobed ; lobes divaricate, with a few deep teeth,
shorter than the petioles, which are ciliated at the base ; calyxes
tubular, longer than the pedicels : tube slender : segments ob-
long, obtuse ; petals linear, much shorter than the calycine seg-
ments ; bracteas linear, length of the pedicels ; style entire ;
berries glabrous. . H. Native of North-west America, in
light gravelly soils, from the Great Falls of the Columbia River
to the mountains, and on the southern branches. Berl. 1. c. t. 2.
f. 23. Flowers golden yellow. Fruit yellow, seldom black, and
of an exquisite flavour.
Var. a, prce'cox (Lindl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 242.) flowers
earlier ; leaves cuneated at the base, pubescent beneath ; lobes
deeply serrated ; berries copious, earlier, turbinate ; racemes
bracteate. T? . H. Native of North America.
Var. (3, villdsum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 483.) leaves rather vil-
lous. R. longiflorum, Fraser, cat. 1813.
Var. y, serotinum (Lindl. 1. c.) flowers late ; leaves of various
forms, smoothish beneath ; lobes deeply serrated ; berries few,
late, round ; racemes naked. ^ • H. Native of North Ame-
rica.
Golden-dowered Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub
6 to 8 feet.
65 R. tenuiflorum (Lindl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 242. bot.
reg. 1274.) unarmed, quite glabrous; leaves roundish, 3-lobed,
mealy ; lobes bluntly toothed at the apex ; racemes pendulous,
many-flowered ; calyx tubular, glabrous, longer than the pedi-
cels, coloured ; petals quite entire, linear, one-half shorter than
the segments of the calyx, which are oblong and obtuse ; bracteas
linear, length of the pedicels ; berries glabrous. Jj • H. Native
of North America, common on the rocky tracts of the Columbia,
near the head waters of the Missouri. R. aureum, Colla, hort.
rip. append. 3. t. 1. f. A. R. flavum, Berl. in D. C. prod. 3. p.
483. R. Missouriensis, Hort. In habit this species is more
erect than R. aureum, and has the young wood more thinly clothed
with leaves ; its whole appearance is also paler during the early
part of the season. The flowers are not more than half the size
of those of R. aureum, and have entire, not notched petals. The
fruit is the size of a red currant, of an agreeable flavour, but
possessing little acidity.
Var. a, fructu-riigro ; berries changing from yellow to red,
and finally acquires a deep blackish purple-colour.
Var. (3, fructu-luteo ; fruit yellow, always retaining the same
colour.
Slender-dowered Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Sh.
6 to 8 feet.
66 R. fla'vum (Coll. hort. ripul. append. 3. p. 4. t, 1. f. /3.)
unarmed, quite glabrous ; young leaves 3-lobed : adult ones
usually 5-lobed, deeply toothed, about equal in length to the
ciliated petioles ; racemes short, 4-5-flowered ; calyx tubular,
much longer than the pedicels ; tube slender : segments rather
spatulate, reflexed ; petals one-half shorter than the calycine
segments ; bracteas elliptic ; berries oblong, glabrous. . H.
Native of North America. R. aureum y sangumeum, Lindl. in
hort. trans. 7. p. 242. R. palmatum, Desf. hort. par. R. au-
reum, Ker, bot. reg. t. 125. but not of Pursh. Flowers yellow.
Yellow-dowered Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub
6 to 8 feet.
Cult. All the species of Ribes grow well in any kind of soil,
and all root freely from cuttings planted in autumn, or early in
spring. Those species, natives of Chili, Peru, Mexico, and
other parts of South America, require shelter in severe weather.
Some of the species are well adapted for ornamenting shrub-
beries and pleasure grounds. But the most ornamental and
FIG. 33.
192
ESCALLONEiE. I. Escallonia.
most worthy of cultivation are R. specidsum, R. Menziesii, R.
sanguineum , R. alropurpureum, and R. aureum.
Order CXIX. ESCALLO'NEiE (plants agreeing with Es-
callonia in important characters). R. Brown, in Franklin’s voy.
p. 766. (1824.). Saxifrageae, Sect. I. Escallonieae, D. C. prod.
4. p. 4.
Calyx superior, 5-toothed (f. 34. b. f. 35. «.). Corolla of 5
petals (f. 34. e. f. 35. b.), alternating with the calycine segments,
from within which they rise, forming by their cohesion a tube
(f. 34. e.), but finally separating from each other (f. 35. b), im-
bricate in aestivation. Stamens arising from the calyx (f. 35. 5.),
alternating with the petals (f. 35. b.) ; anthers bursting length-
wise. Disk conical, epigynous (f. 34. c.), plaited, surrounding
the base of the style (f. 34. c.). Ovarium inferior (f. 34. a.),
2-celled, with 2 large polypernous placentas (f. 34. f.) in the
axis. Style simple (f. 34. d.). Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit cap-
sular, 2-celled, crowned by the style and calyx (f. 34. a. b. c.
d.), which are permanent, splitting by the separation of the
cells at their base. Seeds numerous, minute, with a trans-
parent membranous integument. Embryo minute, in the apex
of an oily albumen, having the radicle pointing to the extremity
opposite the hilum. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, exsti-
pulate, simple, full of resinous glands. Flowers axillary, con-
spicuous, white, rarely reddish.
This order is distinguished from Grossulariece by the cohering
petals, and by the radicle being at the extremity of the seed,
opposite the hylum ; the albumen is also oily, not horny, and
the placentas are not parietal ; from Philadelphecs they are
known by their glandular leaves and minute embryo ; from Vac-
ciniece, by the final separation of the petals, and by the anthers.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Escallonia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed (f. 34.
b.). Stigma peltate, 2-lobed (f. 34. d.). Capsule baccate (f.
34. f), somewhat 2-celled, opening by pores at the base. Seeds
scrobiculate.
2 Quintinia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Stigma peltately
capitate, 4-5-lobed. Capsule 3-celled. Seeds compressed.
3 Forge'sia. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Style finally di-
visible into 2 parts ; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing
between the parts of the style.
4 Anopterus. Calyx 6-lobed (f. 35. a.). Petals and sta-
mens 6 (f. 35. b.). Stigma bifid (f. 35. e.). Capsule 1-celled,
2-valved (f. 35. d.). Seeds compressed, furnished with a wing
at the top.
5 Ite'a. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigma capitate. Style finally di-
visible into 2 parts. Capsule compressed, 2-celled, separable
into 2 parts.
I. ESCALLO'NIA (in honour of Escallon, a Spaniard, a
traveller in South America, who found the first species of this
genus in New Granada). Mutis, in Lin. fil. suppl. p. 21.
Vent, clioix. p. 54. Gaertn. fr. carp. 3. p. 16. t. 182. H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 294. D. C. prod. 4. p. 2. Ste-
reoxylon, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 38. — Escallonia, Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 5. no. 956. exclusive of Imbricdria.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx semi-
globose, adnate to the ovarium (f. 34. a.) ; limb 5-toothed or
5-lobed (f. 34. 5.). Petals 5, arising from the calyx. Stamens
5 ; anthers ovate-oblong. Style filiform, permanent. Stigma
peltate (f. 34. d.), somewhat 2-lobed by a furrow. Capsule
baccate (f. 34. f), crowned by the calycine lobes and the style
(f. 34. b. c. d.), somewhat 2-celled, dehiscing irregularly by
pores at the base ; dissepiment incomplete at the top, and there-
fore placentiferous. Seeds very numerous, scrobiculate. — Trees
and shrubs, natives of South America, especially Chili, usually
full of resinous glands. Leaves scattered, serrated, or entire.
Flowers terminal, bracteate, variously disposed, white or red.
In many of the species there is present a conical pervious urceo-
lus, girding the base of the style ; for this reason the species
of the genus may hereafter be formed into sections.
* Pedicels solitary, \ florvered.
1 E. serra'ta (Smith, icon. ined. 2. p. 31.) shrub glabrous,
erectish ; leaves obovate, obtuse, serrated, veinless beneath
(except the middle nerve) ; flowers terminal, solitary ; petals
oblong, tongue-shaped. f) . F. Native of the Straits of Ma-
gellan, at Terra del Fuego. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 326.
Stereoxylon serratum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 435. Flowers white.
(Serrated-leaved Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
2 E. myrtilloides (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 156.) shrub glabrous;
branches spreading much ; leaves obovate-oblong, acutish, cre-
nately serrulated, veiny ; flowers terminal, solitary ; petals spa-
tulate. fj . F. Native of New Granada, every where on the
Andes, in cold places. Smith, icon. ined. 2. t. 30. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 294. Stereoxylon patens, Ruiz,
et Pav. fl. per. 3. t. 234. f. 6. but the leaves and flowers are
larger.
Ulyrtle-like Escallonia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
3 E. alpina (Pcepp. pi. exsic. no. 820.) branches glabrous :
leaves obovate, narrowed into short petioles, serrated at the
apex, densely clothed with fine down beneath, and with scattered
down above ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; tube
of calyx puberulous, with subulate teeth ; petals oblong-tongue-
shaped. P . F. Native of Chili, on the higher mountains.
Flowers white.
Alpine Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
4 E. tortuosa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 295.)
shrub glabrous ; branches spreading, twisted ; leaves obovate,
acute, reticulately veined, glandularly crenated, rather shining ;
flowers nearly terminal, solitary ; lobes of calyx quite entire.
Tj . F. Native in very rough mountainous places, on the Andes
about Quito. Flowers white. Allied to E. myrtilloides and
E. corymbosa. Fruit almost the size of that of Vaceinium
myrtillus.
Twisted Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
5 E. berberifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
296.) shrub glabrous ; branches spreading ; leaves obovate,
bluntish, crenulately denticulated, reticulately veined ; flowers
terminal, solitary ; lobes of calyx quite entire ; petals rather
spatulate. fj . F. Native on the Andes, about Quito. Flowers
white. Perhaps only a variety of E. tortuosa, according to the
authors.
Barberry-leaved Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
6 E. corymbosa (Pers. ench. 1. p. 234.) shrub glabrous ;
branches erectish ; leaves oblong, acute, serrulated ; flowers
terminal, solitary ; lobes of calyx denticulated ; petals oblong.
T; . F. Native of Peru, in cold humid places, on high hills,
where it is called Siuba by the natives. Stereoxylon corym-
bosum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 14. t. 234. f. a. Peduncles
ESCALLONEdE. I. Escallonia.
straight, bearing 1 leaf each, just under the calyx. Petals white,
spreadingly reflexed. Stigma peltate.
Con/jw&ose-flowered Escallonia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
7 E. virga'ta (Pers. ench. 1. p. 234.) sbrub glabrous;
branches erect ; leaves obovate, acute, serrulated, veinless ; pe-
duncles nearly terminal, 1 -flowered ; lobes of calyx denticulated ;
petals obovate. 1? • F. Native of South America, on moun-
tains, and in humid woods in the province of Rere, near Naci-
miento. Stereoxylon virgatum, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 14.
t. 235. f. 6. Stem much branched ; branches cinereous, grey,
rather spinose. Flowers white.
Twiggy Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
8 E. puncta'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 3.) shrub smoothish ;
branches erectish ; ieaves obovate obtuse, or lanceolate acu-
minated, serrated, full of resinous dots beneath ; pedicels 1-
flowered, arising from the axils of the upper leaves, each bear-
ing 2 linear bracteoles ; lobes of calyx long, denticulated. Tj .
F. Native of South America. Allied to E. virgata, but differs
in the leaves being dotted beneath ; to E. rubra , but the flowers
are on axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered pedicels. In this and in E.
rubra the urceolus is conical and pervious at the apex, 10-angled,
and 10-toothed, girding the style at the base.
Dotted- leaved Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
9 E. Florida (Poepp. pi. exsic. no. 843. ex D. C. prod. 3.
p. 666.) shrub glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated at
both ends, with a few serratures, crowded ; flowers on short
pedicels, arising from the axils of the upper leaves, solitary,
collected into an ovate raceme ; limb of calyx 5-cleft, with ob-
tuse recesses and acute lobes ; petals obovate, on short claws,
fj . F. Native of Chili, probably on the mountains. Leaves
8-9 lines long, and line broad. Petals with obscure veins,
which are pinnately disposed.
Florid Escallonia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
* * Flowers disposed in terminal racemes or panicles.
10 E. rubra (Pers. ench.
2. p. 235.) shrub smoothish;
branches erect, when young
clothed with glandular villi ; leaves
obovate-oblong, acuminated, ser-
rated, full of resinous dots be-
neath ; peduncles 2-7-flowered,
bracteate ; lobes of calyx denti-
culated ; petals spatulate. ^ . F.
Native of Chili, on the mountains
at Colocolo, in the fissures of
rocks, and about Valparaiso.
Hook. bot. mag. 2890. Stere-
oxylon rubrum, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 3. t. 236. f. b. Petals red,
conniving, but spreading a little
at the apex. (f. 34. e.)
Var. a, glahriuscula (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 252.)
branches glandular, hardly pubescent ; leaves glabrous ; flowers
red. Tj . F. Native of Chili, near La Guardia, on the Andes
of Chili, and about Valparaiso.
Var. /3, albiflbra (Hook.et Arn. 1. c.) flowers white. Tj . F. E.
glandulosa, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1291. Native of Chili ; and the
province of Maule.
Var. y, pubescens (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) branches hardly glan-
dular, but clothed with villous pubescence ; leaves pubescent
on both surfaces, but more so beneath ; flowers red. . F.
Native of the Andes of Chili. The leaves of all the varieties
are spotted beneath with resinous dots.
VOL. III.
193
/?ed-flowered Escallonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1827. Shrub
3 to 6 feet.
11 E. Pceppigia'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 3.) shrub smoothish ;
branchlets pubescent, rather clammy ; leaves oval, acute, taper-
ing into the petiole, serrated, full of resinous dots beneath,
rather clammy above ; pedicels 1 -flowered, disposed in a few-
flowered, terminal raceme ; calyx glandular, with the tube drawn
out beyond the ovarium : teeth subulate ; petals erect, oblong.
Tj . F. Native of Chili. E. rubra, Poepp. pi. exsic. no. 81.
Flowers red. Like E. rubra, but differs in the peduncles being
1 -flowered, in the teeth of the calyx being subulate, in the ur-
ceolus not being prominent, and in the style being equal in length
to the petals. There is a long-leaved variety of this, or a species,
which was collected on the mountains in Chili, where it is called
by the natives Ripa.
Poeppig's Escallonia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
12 E. macra'ntha (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 251.)
branches pubescent, glandular ; leaves ovate-elliptic, bluntish,
cuneated at the base, glabrous, full of resinous dots beneath,
bluntly crenate -serrated ; lower peduncles simple, axillary:
upper ones racemose ; bracteoles wanting, or very minute ;
calycine teeth subulate. • F. Native of Chiloe. Petals
connivent. The flowers are larger and the- leaves broader than
in E. rubra.
Large-Jloivered Escallonia. Shrub.
13 E. myrtoi'dea (Bert, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 666.)
shrub glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, serrated, attenuated at the
base ; racemes terminal, nearly simple, hardly longer than the
leaves ; limb of calyx campanulate, 5-cleft : lobes subulate, re-
flexed; petals obovate, on long claws. T? . F. Native of Chili,
at the river Cachapual near Rancagua, where it is commonly
called Lun. The calyx agrees with that of E. revoluta, but dif-
fers in the whole plant being smooth, and in many other points.
Myrtle-like Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
14 E. illini'ta (Presl, in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 49. t. 59.) quite
glabrous ; branches spreading, anointed with resin ; leaves pe-
tiolate, obovate or oblong, obtuse, crenulated, attenuated at the
base, beset with glandular dots above, and clammy ; panicle ter-
minal, many-flowered, leafy ; calycine segments acuminated,
quite entire ; petals on long claws ; capsule turbinate, 5-nerved ;
style furnished with a 10-toothed, 10-angled, pervious, cylin-
drical urceolus at the base, as in most of the species- • F.
Native of the Cordillera of Chili.
Var. a ; leaves beset with shining resinous dots on both sur-
faces, but especially beneath. . F. Native of Chili, in El
Arroyo de Los Lanes, Valle del Rio Tinguiririca, where it is
called by the natives Lun.
Var. ; leaves bearing minute glands beneath. Jj . F. Na-
tive of Chili, in La Siente Vieja, and La Cuesta de Chacabuco,
and La Laguna near Valparaiso, where it is called by the
natives Araca or Arayan. This variety is perhaps a distinct
species ; the glands beneath sometimes pass into a kind of pu-
bescence.
Anointed Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
15 E. argu'ta (Presl, reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 48. t. 58.) quite
glabrous ; branches erect ; leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate,
mucronate, sharply serrated, attenuated into the petiole, disco-
loured beneath ; panicle terminal, many flowered ; rachis pubes-
cent ; segments of calyx acute, quite entire ; petals spatulate,
on long claws ; capsule turbinate, 10-nerved. . F. Native
of Chili, at San Gabriel, La Guardia, and La Cuesta del Inga ;
Andes of Chili ; and Valle del Rio Claro. Lun is its vernacular
name. E. microcarpa, Gill. mss. E. reflexa, Gill. mss. E.
myrtoidea, Gill. mss. hardly of Bertero. The raceme is very
compact, and the flowers nearly sessile. Perhaps afterwards it
may prove a mere state of M. rubra.
C c
FIG. 34.
194
ESCALLONE/E.
I. Escallonia.
og, lophos, a crest ; the capsule is so much compressed at the
apex as to appear winged). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April,
] 830. — Weinmannia species of Lin.
Lin. syst. Octo-Dccandria, Digynia. Calyx 4, but some-
times 5-cleft, permanent. Petals 4, rarely 5, permanent, trifid;
CUNONIACEiE. V. Cunonia. VI. Arnoldia. VII. Pterophylla. VIII. Calycomis. IX. Callicoma. 201
segments linear, acute, sometimes unidentate. Stamens 8 or 10.
Disk liypogynous, urceolate, entire ; cells of ovarium biovulate.
Styles very short. Capsule membranous, reticulated, flattened
into a bifid wing at the apex, ventricose at the base, 2-celled ;
cells 1 -seeded. Seed large, arched, with a smooth coriaceous
testa. — An elegant tree, native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Leaves petiolate, ternate ; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, acuminated,
sharply serrated, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulated with many
veins. Flowers terminal, panicled.
1 P. trifolia' tus (D. Don, 1. c.) . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, where the tree is called white ash by the
English colonists. Weinmannia trifoliata, Lin. fil. suppl. 227.
Thunb. prod. p. 77. exclusive of the synonyme of Lamark.
Trifoliate Platylophus. Clt. 1820. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma, below.
V. CUNO'NIA (dedicated by Linnaeus to John Christian
Cuno, of Amsterdam, who described his own garden in verse in
1750). Lin. gen. 556. ed. Schreb. 761. Juss. gen. p. 810.
Gaertn. fruct. p. 344. t. 225. D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. 1830.
April. — Osterdykia, Burm. afr. 259. t. 96.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; segments
deciduous. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10. Disk hypogynous,
small. Capsule opening from the base at the dissepiments ;
cells many seeded. Seeds oblong, compressed, smooth, winged,
with a rather loose membranous testa. Cotyledons somewhat
foliaceous. — Smooth trees, with impari-pinnate leaves, serrated
coriaceous leaflets, large caducous interpetiolar stipulas, and with
the flowers disposed in axillary racemes or panicles.
1 C. Cape'nsis (Lin. spec. p. 569.) shrubby; leaflets 5-7,
lanceolate, coriaceous, serrated ; racemes spicate, opposite ; pe-
dicels numerous, in fascicles. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 371. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 826. Flowers
white.
Cape Cunonia. FI. Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet.
2 C. I'ndica (Blum, bijdr. p. 867.) shrubby ; leaves some-
what ternately pinnate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, ob-
liquely subcordate at the base, doubly serrated ; panicles axil-
lary, clothed with rusty tomentum. T? • S. Native of Java, in
woods on the higher mountains.
Indian Cunonia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
3 C. Cele'bica (Blum. 1. c.) arboreous ; leaflets ovate-oblong,
acuminated, serrated : lateral ones oblique at the base ; panicles
corymbose, axillary. \ . S. Native of the Celebes, on the
mountains.
Celebes Cunonia. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
Cult. See Callicoma for culture and propagation.
VI. ARNO'LDI A (named in memory of Joseph Arnold, M.D.
who accompanied Sir Stamford Raffles to the East Indies,
where he collected many plants ; and the discoverer of the
gigantic flower Rafflcsia Arnoldi in the Island of Sumatra). Blum,
bijdr. p. 868. D. C. prod. 4. p. 12.
Lin. syst. Ocldndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4.
Stamens 8, interposed by glands. Ovarium didymous, biovu-
late. Styles 2, incurved : stigmas simple. Carpels 2, connate
at the base, solitary from abortion, beaked by the styles, 1-
seeded, opening lengthwise on the inside. — Indian shrubs, with
opposite branches and leaves. Leaves impari-pinnate, glabrous.
Stipulas interpetiolar, orbicular, deciduous. Racemes axillary
and terminal, twin or tern.
1 A. pinna'ta (Blum. 1. c.) leaves wdth 4-5 pairs of lanceo-
late, bluntly serrated coriaceous leaflets ; stipulas deciduous ;
racemes usually twin. . S. Native of Java, in mountain
woods, where it is called Kiringit. Spirae'a pinnata, Blume, cat.
hort. buit. p. 76.
VOL. III.
Pinnate-leaved Arnoldia. Shrub.
2 A. heterophy'lla (Blum. 1. c.) lower leaves with two pairs
of leaflets, and an odd one : upper ones ternate or simple ; leaf-
lets lanceolate, distantly serrulated ; racemes twin or tern. ^ •
S. Native of Java, in mountain wroods in the province of
Bamtam.
Variable -leaved Arnoldia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Weinmannia, p. 200.
VII. PTEROPHYTjLA (from x repor, pteron, a wing, and
(pvWov, phyllon, a leaf ; so called in reference to the large folia-
ceous stipulas). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.
Lin. syst, Octdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-cleft, deciduous.
Petals 4. Stamens 8. Styles 2, very short, incurved. Ovarium
2-celled. Capsule ? — A tree, native of the Moluccas. Leaves
impari-pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, crenated,
glabrous, glaucous beneath, oblique at the base, 3 inches long :
the odd or terminal one on a longer petiole than the others.
Stipulas large, foliaceous, reniform, quite entire, deciduous.
Flowers minute, polygamous, in spicate racemes. Racemes erect,
terminal, aggregate, rather panicled, a hand long. Ovarium
densely clothed with wool.
1 P. eraxi'nea (D. Don, 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of the Island
of Honimao, one of the Moluccas. Weinmannia? fraxmea,
Smith, herb.
Ash-like Pterophylla. Tree.
Cult. See Weinmannia, p. 200. for culture and propagation.
VIII. CALY COMIS (from uaXvi;, kalyx, a calyx, and ko/jti>
kome, hair ; in allusion to the tufts of flow'ers). R. Br. in gen.
rein. p. 17. D. Don in edinb. phil. journ April, 1830.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted, permanent.
Petals 5. Stamens 10. Disk hypogynous, very small. Styles
setaceous. Capsule globose, 2-celled, opening at the apex ;
cells many seeded. Seeds minute, smooth. — An Australian,
erect, evergreen, branched shrub. Leaves simple, nearly sessile,
3 in a whorl, oblongly cordate, acute, coarsely serrated, coria-
ceous, glabrous, glaucous beneath. Stipulas peleaceous, per-
manent. Flowers small, white, copious, in whorles, pedicellate.
Capsule membranous, gaping at the apex nearly as in Heuchera.
1 C. verticilla'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) >2 • G. Native of New
Holland, among the mountains on moist rocks.
Whorlcd-H owered Calycomis. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma.
IX. CALLI'COMA (from koXoq, kalos, beautiful, and Kogn>
kome, hair ; appearance of tufted heads of flowers). Andr. bot.
rep. t. 566.
Lin. syst. Octo- Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-parted, rarely
5-parted (f. 37. a.), permanent. Petals wanting. Stamens 8,
rarely 10 (f. 37. b.). Disk hypogynous, small. Ovarium dis-
tinct ; cells many-ovulate. Styles 2, setaceous (f. 37. d.). Cap-
sule inclosed in the calyx, which is permanent, dehiscing at the
dissepiments; cells ventricose, 1-2-seeded from abortion. Seeds
ovate, scabrous from minute papillae on every side, like those of
Saxifraga; with a crustaceous testa. — Trees, natives of Aus-
tralia. Leaves simple, petiolate, serrated ; petioles jointless.
Stipulas membranous, bidentate, caducous. Flowers capitate ;
heads terminating the tops of the branchlets, pedunculate, glo-
bose.
1 C. serratifolia (Andr. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated, hoary beneath, attenuated at the base. 1? . G. Native
of New Holland, where the tree is called black wattle by the
English colonists. Delaun, herb. amat. t. 299. Sims, bot. mag.
1811. Codia serratifolia, Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 7.
D d
202 CUNONIACEiE. IX. Callicoma. X. Ceratopetalum. XI. Schizomeria. XII. Codia. XIII. Belangera.
Flowers yellow. The twigs are
used for making baskets in New
Holland. Perhaps the flowers
are dioecious, (f. 37.)
Saw - leaved Callicoma. FI.
May, Aug. Clt. 1793. Shrub.
2 C. ferruginea (D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.)
leaves oblong, acute, cuneated at
the base, clothed with rusty to-
mentum beneath, and on the
branchlets. . G. Native of
New Holland, on the banks of
rivers.
Rusty Callicoma. Shrub.
3 C. Billardie'ri (D. Don, 1.
c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, nearly
sessile, elliptic, retuse, crenulated, glabrous. Tj . G. Native
of New Holland? Codia mont&na, Labill. mss. in herb. Lamb.
La Billardier’s Callicoma. Shrub.
Cult. A genus of very pretty shrubs ; they will thrive well
in a mixture of loam and peat; and ripened cuttings root readily
in sand under a hand-glass.
X. CERATOPE'TALUM (from Kepag, keras, a horn, and
TTEraXor, petalon, a petal ; the petals are jagged so as to resemble
a stag’s horn). Smith, nov. holl. 1. p. 9. t. 3.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Digynia. Calyx with a 5-parted per-
manent limb (f. 38. a.). Petals 5 (f. 38. b.), linear, multifid,
stiff, permanent, or wanting. Stamens 10 ; anthers cordate, ter-
minated by a beak-formed process (f. 38. c.). Ovarium half
inferior, 2-celled, few-ovulate. Capsule 1 -seeded from abor-
tion, dehiscing at the apex. Seed round, with a thick crusta-
ceous testa. — Trees, natives of New Holland, with ternate or
simple serrated glabrous leaves, standing on petioles, which are
jointed at the apex. Stipulas undivided, rather foliaceous, ca-
ducous. Flowers terminal, panicled.
* Leaves ternate ; flowers with petals.
1 C. gummi'ferum (Smith, nov.
holl. t. 3.) \ . G. Native of
New Holland, where it is called
red gum-tree by the English co-
lonists. (f. 38.)
Gum - bearing Ceratopetalum.
Clt. 1820. Tree 50 feet.
* * Leaves simple ; flowers ape-
talous.
2 C. ape'talum (D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.)
leaves lanceolate. Jj . G. Native
of New Holland. Ceratopetalum
monopetalum, Caley, mss. Per-
haps the flowers are sometimes
furnished with one petal ?
Apetalous Ceratopetalum. Tree.
3 C. monta'num (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate. .
G. Native of New Holland, on the mountains.
Mountain Ceratopetalum. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma above.
XL SCHIZOME'RIA (from io, schizo, to cut, and yepig,
meris, a part ; in reference to the cut petals). D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. April, 1830.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent.
8
Petals 5, jagged, deciduous. Stamens 10; anthers cordate,
awnless. Ovarium superior, 2-celled ; ovula many. Styles 2,
very short, recurved. Capsule baccate? closed at the apex.
Seeds unknown. — A tree, native of New Holland. Leaves
simple, peliolate, elliptic- oblong, acute, serrated, coriaceous,
glabrous, with the veins numerous and reticulated beneath : pe-
tioles articulated at the base. Stipulas undivided, caducous.
Flowers small, white, panicled. Panicle terminal, much branched.
1 S. ova'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) T? . G. Native of New Holland.
Ceratopetalum ovatum, Caley, mss.
Ovate- leaved Schizomeria. Clt. 1825. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma above.
Tribe II.
CODIE' JE. Stamens definite. Ovarium inferior.
XII. CO'DIA (from cwbeia, kodeia, a little ball, in reference
to the flowers, which grow in little round heads). Forst. gen.
p. 59. t. 50. Labill. sert. caled. p. 45. t. 46.
Lin. syst. O clo- Decandria, Digynia. Calyx permanent,
with a 4-5-parted limb. Petals 4 5. Stamens 8-10. Ovarium
2-celled ? adhering to the tube of the calyx. Styles densely
pubescent. Capsule closed at the apex, usually 1 -seeded from
abortion. Seed roundish, smooth, with a bony testa ; albumen
very sparing ; cotyledons rather foliaceous ; radicle very short.
— A shrub, with simple, elliptic, obtuse, quite entire, glabrous,
coriaceous leaves ; jointless petioles ; caducous stipulas ; and
small, white, capitate flowers. Heads of flowers globose, pe-
dunculate, axillary. Ovarium densely woolly. Stigmas simple,
obtuse.
1 C. monta'na (Forst. gen. 1. c. icon. ined. t. 35. Labill.
sert. 1. c.). b . G. Native of New Caledonia. Flowers yellow ?
Mountain Codia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma above.
Tribe III.
BAUE'RETE (plants agreeing with Bauera in having indefi-
nite stamens). Stamens indefinite. Ovarium distinct.
XIII. BELANGE'RA (in honour of — Belanger, Director
of the Royal Garden at Pondicherry, who has travelled in many
parts of Persia and India, w'here he collected a copious herba-
rium). Cambess. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 203. — Polystemon,
D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.
Lin. syst. Icosandria, Digynia. Calyx deeply 6-parted ;
segments reflexed, deciduous, valvate in aestivation. Petals
wanting. Stamens indefinite, disposed in many series ; fila-
ments subulate, glabrous ; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise.
Disk girding the base of the ovarium. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells
many-ovulate ; ovula flattened, fixed to the middle of the dis-
sepiment in 2 rows. Capsule superior, 2-celled, 2-valved, 2-
beaked ; valves at length bifid ; cells many-seeded. Seeds
compressed, ending in a wing at the apex. — Small, Brazilian
trees, with opposite branches, and opposite stalked leaves.
Leaves with 3 or 5 leaflets. Stipulas interpetiolar, foliaceous,
deciduous. Flowers racemose ; racemes simple, axillary. Ova-
rium densely tomentose. Capsule coriaceous. Stamens erect
in the bud.
1 B. gla' bra (Cambess. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 204. t. 1 1 5. i
leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, narrow at the base, serrated,
glabrous ; capsule smoothish. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, on
Serra Negra, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Glabrous Belangera. Tree.
2 B. cunea'ta (Cambess. 1. c. p. 204.) leaves trifoliate;
leaflets oblong-cuneated, sharply serrated, puberulous beneath ;
capsule clothed with hairy tomentum : hairs rufescent. ^ . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes.
FIG. 37.
FIG. 38.
CUNONIACEiE. XIII. Belangera. XIV. Bauera. XV. Geissois. GALACIN^E.
203
CwMcate-leafletted Belangera. Tree.
3 B. tomentosa (Cambess. I. c. p. 205. t. 116.) leaves tri-
foliate ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, sharply serrated, tomentose
beneath ; capsule clothed with white tomentum. Jj • S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, near Tejuco,
Barbacena, &c., and near the town of St. Paul. Polystemon
triphyllus, D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1 830.
Tomentose Belangera. Tree.
4 B. speciosa (Cambess. 1. c. p. 206. t. 117.) leaves of 5
leaflets ; leaflets ovate-elliptic or lanceolate, acute, sharply ser-
rated, glabrous. . S. Native of Brazil, in that part of the
province of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas. Polystemon
pentaphyllus, D. Don, in edinb. phil. mag. April, 1830.
Beautiful Belangera. Tree.
Cult. See Weinmdnnia, p. 200., for culture and propagation.
XIV. BAUE'RA (named in honour of Francis and Ferdinand
Bauer, two celebrated German draughtsmen). Salisb. in ann.
hot. p. 512. t. 10.
Lin. syst. Icosandria, Trigynia. Calyx 6-10-parted (f.
39. a.). Petals 6-10 (f. 39. c.). Stamens numerous, disposed
in a double order ; anthers peltate (f. 39. d .) ; cells connate,
bursting lengthwise. Styles 2 (f. 39. 6.), glabrous ; stigmas
simple, obtuse. Capsule superior, 2-celled, 2-valved, opening
at the apex by a transverse chink ; cells few-seeded; dissepi-
ment placentiferous. Seeds oblong-cylindrical, erect, branched,
leafy, roughish from resinous atoms. — Small shrubs, natives of
New Holland. Leaves 6 in a whorl, approximating by threes,
and therefore as it were opposite and ternate, exstipulate.
Flowers rosaceous, axillary, solitary, pedunculate.
1 B. rubiasfolia (Salisb. in
ann. bot. 1. p. 514. t. 10.) leaves
lanceolate, crenated ; flowers po-
lypetalous. 1? . G. Native of
New Holland. B. rubioides,
Andr. bot. rep. t. 198. Sims,
bot. mag. 715. Vent. malm. t.
96. Calyx 8-10-cleft. Corolla
8-10-petalled, pale red, or pink.
Rubia-leaved Bauera. FI. Jul.
Dec. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
2 B. hu'mii.is (Sweet, hort.
suburb, p. 124.) leaves oblong,
crenated ; flowers polypetalous.
J? . G. Native of New Holland.
Lodd. bot. 1197. Calyx 8-10-
cleft. Corolla 8-10-petalled, red, one half smaller than those
of B. rubioefolia, and the plant is altogether much smaller.
Humble Bauera. FI. July, Dec. Clt. 1804. Shrub 1 foot.
3 B. Billardie'ri (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.)
leaves lanceolate, nearly quite entire ; flowers with 6 petals.
J? • G. Native of Van Diemen’s Land. B. rubioides, Labill.
mss. Habit of the rest.
La Billardier’s Bauera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 B. microphy'lla (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 289. D.
Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
quite entire ; flowers with 6 petals. ij . G. Native of New
Holland. Leaves like those of Thymus serpyllum. Flowers
smaller than those of B. rubioefolia, red.
Small-leaved Bauera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
5 B. capita'ta (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 13.) leaves
oblong, 3-lobed at the apex ; flowers terminal, capitate, sessile.
I? . G. Native of New Holland, on the western coast.
Capitate-flowered Bauera. Shrub.
Cult. The species of this genus are very pretty little shrubs,
which flower nearly the whole year through ; they are therefore
very desirable plants for a greenhouse or conservatory. They
are rather hardy, and easily cultivated. An equal mixture of
sandy loam and peat is the best soil for them ; and young cut-
tings root freely in the same kind of soil, under a bell glass.
Tribe IV.
SYMPHYO'GYNEjE (from avptpvw, symphyo, to join, and
ywr), gyne, a style ; styles joined). Stamens definite. Ovarium
free. Styles connate.
XV. GEI'SSOIS (from yeiaarov, geisson, the house-eaves;
seeds imbricated like the tiles on a house). Labill. sert. cal. p.
50. t. 50. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx deciduous. Pe-
tals wanting. Stamens 8. Style 1, with the base remaining ;
stigmas 2, simple. Capsule compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved ;
cells many-seeded. Seeds compressed, winged, with a mem-
branous testa. — A tree, with opposite, petiolate, quinate leaves ;
elliptic, obtuse, quite entire leaflets, which are pubescent be-
neath ; oblong, ribbed, undivided, caducous stipulas ; and axil-
lary, many-flowered racemes, which are either solitary or by
threes.
1 G. racemosa (Labill. sert. caled. p. 50. t. 50.). • G.
Native of New Caledonia.
Racemose Geissois. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma, p 202.
Order CXXI. GALACI'NiE (plants agreeing with Galax
in important characters). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Oct.
1828. — Francoaceae, Adr. de Juss. in ann. des scien. vol. 25.
p. 7.
Calyx 4-5-parted, permanent. Petals 4-5, hypogynous, cadu-
cous, alternating with the calycine segments; stamens 8-10-16,
hypogynous, joined into a tube, which is toothed at the apex, or
distinct; filaments or alternate teeth antheriferous. Ovarium com-
posed of 3 or 4 follicles, which are joined, therefore 3-4-celled ;
ovula indefinite ; stigma composed of 3-4 joined ones, undivided
or 4-lobed. Capsule 3-4-celled, 3-4-valved ; valves bearing the
dissepiments in the middle. Central placenta none. Seeds nu-
merous, minute, scobiform, inserted in the inner angle of the
cells ; outer testa loose, membranous, cellular : inner one very
thin, closely adhering to the albumen. Albumen copious, fleshy.
Embryo erect, terete, with short cotyledons, and a long cylin-
drical centripetal radicle. — Perennial American herbs. Leaves
radical, simple, lyrate, pinnatifid or serrated ; the teeth tip-
ped each by a gland. Flowers terminal, copious, disposed
in spicate racemes ; pedicels 1 -flowered, propped each by a per-
manent bracteole.
This order differs from Saxifragaceee by the presence of sterile
stamens, alternating with the fertile ones ; in the absence of a
central placenta ; and in the frequent quaternary arrangement,
in the parts of the calyx and corolla.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Ga'lax. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens joined into
a tube, which is 10-toothed : the alternate teeth antheriferous;
anthers 1 -celled. Stigma entire. Capsule 3-celled.
2 Francoa. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens distinct,
d d 2
FIG. 39.
204
GALACINiE. I. Galax. II. Francoa. III. Tetilla. SAXIFRAGACE.E.
16, 8 of which are fertile ; anthers 2-celled. Stigma 4-lobed.
Capsule tetragonal, 4-celled.
3 Teti'lla. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, unequal. Stamens 8.
Styles 2, very short. Capsule 2-celled.
I. GA'LAX (from ya\a, gala, milk ; in reference to the
whiteness of the flowers). Lin. gen. 276. Juss. gen. 420. —
Blandfordia, Andr. hot. rep. t. 343. — Viticella, Mitch, gen. 24.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
5. Stamens joined into a tube, which is 10-toothed at the apex :
the alternate teeth bearing anthers ; anthers 1 -celled : cell trans-
verse. Stigma of 3 joined ones, therefore trigonal, 3-furrowed.
Ovarium villous. Capsule 3-celled, destitute of any central
column. Seeds mucronate at both ends, as in Acispora of De
Candolle. — A small herbaceous plant ; with radical cordate
stiff crenated leaves ; and naked scapes (f. 40. c.), bearing a loose,
spicate raceme of small white flowers at the apex.
1 G. aphy'lla (Lin. spec.
289.). H. Native of Vir-
ginia. Sims, bot. mag. 754.
Anonymus or Belvedere. Clayt.
no. 4. Gron. virg. 25. — Bland-
fordia cordata, Andr. bot. rep. t.
343.
Leafless Galax. FI. Ju. July.
Clt. 1786. PI. to \ foot.
Cult. This is a pretty little
plant ; succeeds best in peat soil,
and if planted out in a moist
situation, will grow and flower
freely. It is increased by divid-
ing at the roots.
FIG. 40.
II. FRANCO' A (to ti e memory of F. Franco, M.D. of Valen-
tia, a promoter of botany in the 16th century). Cav. in ann. sc.
nat. matr. 4. p. 237. icon. 4. p. 76. t. 596. D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. Oct. 1826. Adr. de Juss. 1. c. p. 6.
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Tetragynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals
4, spatulate, with their nerves pinnate and branched towards
the apex. Stamens 16, only 8 of which are antheriferous, these
are subulate or setaceous, and tapering at the apex ; the 8
sterile ones are flattened, obtuse, shorter and broader; anthers
cordate, 2-celled, 2-lobed at the base : cells confluent at the
apex. Ovarium bluntly 4-sided, 4-celled, with 4 furrows,
which are opposite the dissepiments. Style very short, or
wanting ; stigma 4-lobed : lobes dilated, obtuse, and pruinose.
Capsule tetragonal, having the angles drawn out a little at the
apex into 4 tubercles, 4-celled, 4-valved; cells prominent, de-
hiscing by a longitudinal suture, many-seeded ; dissepiments
formed from a double lamina. Seeds ovate-oblong, fuscescent,
smooth, mutic. — Perennial herbs, natives of Chili, beset with
simple, deciduous hairs. Leaves lyrate, nearly like those of the
turnip, reticulately veined ; lobes roundish, toothed : terminal
one large, cordate, obtuse, sinuately toothed ; teeth terminated
each by a gland. Flowers red, terminal, copious, in spicate ra-
cemes, which are disposed in a panicle; pedicels 1-flowered.
1 F. appendicula'ta (Cav. in ann. sc. nat. matr. 4. p. 273.
icon. 4. p. 76. t. 596.) stemless; leaves petiolate ; racemes
loose, secund ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; lobes of
stigma cuneated, emarginate. 1£. F. Native of the island of
San Carlos de Chiloe. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. new ser. t.
151. — Herb hairy. Leaves petiolate, lyrate. Scape nearly sim-
ple. Petals pale red, marked each by a deeper spot in the middle.
Fertile filaments 3 times longer than the sterile ones.
Appendiculated Francoa. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1830. PI. 2 ft.
2 F. sonchifolia (Cav. icon. 4. in a note. D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. Oct. 1826.) plant caulescent; leaves sessile; ra-
cemes loose, nodding; calycine segments dilated; petals with in-
volute margins ; stigmas elliptic, entire. 1/ . F. Native of Chili.
D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. new ser. t. 169. l’anke sonchifolia,
Willd. spec. 2. p. 487. Herb hairy. Leaves sessile, lyrate, at
length naked. Racemes nodding at the apex. Flowers secund,
drooping. Flowers scarlet, marked with a deeper spot in the
middle of each petal. Fertile filaments hardly 3 times longer
than the more slender sterile ones.
Sow-thistle-leaved Francoa. Fl. Julv, Aug. Clt. 1830. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
3 F. ramosa (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1826.) plant
caulescent ; leaves petiolate ; racemes spicate, erect ; calycine
segments lanceolate, obtuse, nerveless; lobes of stigma cuneated.
1/ . F. Native of Chili, near Santiago. Herb erect, branched,
hairy. Stem furnished with small, petiolate, simple, deeply-
toothed leaves. Radical leaves not seen, but they are probably
lyrate. Flowers smaller and more numerous than in the rest
of the species, neither are they secund, but disposed on every
side of the racemes, erect ; petals obovaie, obtuse. Fertile
filaments 4 times longer than the flattened, obtuse, sterile ones.
Style distinct, but very short ; stigma 4-lobed ; lobes cuneated,
emarginate, or 2-lobed, thick, with revolute margins.
Branched Francoa. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1831. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
Ohs. — The Panketinctoria of Molina belongs to a very dis-
tinct genus from Francoa.
Cult. The species of Francoa are beautiful plants when in
flower, and deserve a place in every garden. A mixture of
peat and sand is the best soil for them ; they should be grown
in pots, well drained with sherds, to prevent their rotting. The
protection of a frame is sufficient for them in winter ; or they
may be planted out in the open ground, in a warm sheltered
situation, where they will probably survive the winter by a little
protection. They are only to be increased by seeds.
III. TETFLLA (the Chili name of the plant). D. C. prod.
4. p. 667. Adr. de Juss. in ann. scienc. p. 7.
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-parted ; lobes
oval, equal. Petals 4, the 2 superior ones roundish-ovate,
large ; the 2 inferior ones small, oblong. Stamens 8. Ova-
rium ovate, clothed with glandular pubescence. Styles 2,
very short, smoothish, slender. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing
at the apex at the dissepiments, many-seeded. — A smoothish
slender herb. Radical leaves on long petioles, orbicular, pro-
foundly cordate, with the recess closed, palmately 3-nerved,
sinuately toothed ; recesses broad, obtuse, mucronulate. Scape
erect, naked, simple. Racemes elongated; pedicels short, 1-
flowered, longer than the bracteas ; larger petals cream-coloured,
red at the base, smaller ones red.
1 T. hydrocotyl® folia (D. C. 1. c.). 1/ . F. Native of
Chili, at Concon, in the mountains of Leone, where it is called
Tetilla by the natives.
Hodrocotyle-leavedTetiWa. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. This is a curious and beautiful plant. Its culture and
propagation are the same as that recommended for the species of
the genus Francoa.
Order CXXII. SAXIFRAGA'CEiE (plants agreeing with
Saxifraga in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 1. —
Saxlfragae, Juss. gen. p. 308. — Saxifrageae, Vent. tabl. 3. p.
277. D. C. fl. franc. 4. p. 358.
SAXIFRAGACEiE.
205
Calyx either superior or inferior, of 4 or 5 sepals (f. 42. a. f.
43. a.), which cohere more or less at their base. Petals 5 (f.
42. b. f. 45. d.) or wanting, inserted between the lobes of the
calyx. Stamens 5-10, inserted either into the calyx or beneath
the ovarium ; therefore they are either perigynous or hypogy-
nous ; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Disk either hypo-
gynous or perigynous, sometimes obsolete, sometimes annular
and notched, rarely consisting of 5 scales. Ovarium inferior, or
nearly superior, usually consisting of 2 or 5 carpels (f. 42. d. f.
46. e. f. 48. e.) or follicles, cohering more or less on the inner
side, but distinct at the apex ; sometimes 2-celled, with a cen-
tral placenta; sometimes 1-celled, with parietal placentas,
rarely 4-5-celled. Styles none ; stigmas sessile on the tips of
the lobes of the ovarium (f. 42. e. f. 52. c.). Fruit generally a
membranous 1 -2-celled capsule, with 2 bracteas, rarely a 4-5-
celled 4-5-valved capsule, and sometimes a 4-celled berry. Seeds
numerous, very minute, usually with long hexagonal reticula-
tions on the side of a transparent testa. Embryo terete, in the
axis of a fleshy albumen, with the radicle next the hylum. —
Shrubs or herbs, variable in habit. Leaves simple, either divided
or entire, alternate, without stipulas. Flower-stems simple,
often naked.
The plants of this order agree in some respects with the her-
baceous part of Rosacece, with which they agree in habit, and
from which they differ in their polyspermous partially concrete
carpella, albuminous seeds, and want of stipulas. From Cunoni-
acece they are divided by their habit, and by the want of
stipulas. To Caryophyllece their habit allies them ; but they
differ in the insertion of their stamens, the situation of the em-
bryo, and otherwise. Grossulariece agree very much in the
structure of the flowers, but differ from them in the capsular
fruit, usually 2-celled ovarium, in the seeds being without aril,
furnished with a short podosperm, not gelatinous on the outside,
and in the more fleshy albumen and habit. From Crassulacece
they differ in the fewer carpella, which are joined together, and
usually with the calyx ; and in having no glands on the inner
side of the carpella. From Umbelliferce they are easily distin-
guished in the carpella or cells of the ovarium being dehiscent
and many seeded, not indehiscent and 1 -seeded, in the form of
the petals, in the absence of vittae, and in habit. From Vibur-
nece, to which the tribe Hydrangece comes very near, in the fruit
being capsular, not baccate, and in the styles being exserted, not
wanting, &c. From Vacciniece, Campanulacece, Ericece, Gen-
tianece, in the corolla being polypetalous, not gamopetalous.
dhe genus Drummondia has the stamens equal in number to the
petals, and opposite them ; thus indicating some analogy to the
monopetalous Primulacece.
According to De Candolle the whole order is more or
less astringent. The root of Heuchera Americana is a power-
ful astringent, whence it is called in North America alum-
root, Barton, 2. p. 162. Otherwise they possess no known
properties ; for the old idea of their being lithontriptic ap-
pears to have been derived from their name, rather than their
virtues.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
Saxifra'ge.® (plants agreeing with Saxifraga in being herba-
ceous). D. C. prod. 4. p. 1 7. — Saxifrdgece, R. Br. gen. rem.
exclusive of Hydrangece.
§ 1. Stamens twice the number of the petals or sepals.
1 Saxi'fraga. Calyx 5-parted (f. 41. a. f. 42. a.). Pe-
tals 5 (f. 41. b. f. 42. b. f. 46. c.), on short claws, entire.
Stamens 10 (f. 42. c. f. 46. d.). Capsule adnate to the calyx or
free, composed of 2 carpella (f. 42. d.), which are usually joined
even to the style, many seeded (f. 42. f).
2 Eriogy'nia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, hardly unguiculate.
Stamens 20, monadelphous at the base. Ovaries 4-6, free, con-
nected together by dense wool. Carpels distinct, 4-6, free from
the calyx, many seeded.
3 Leptarrhe'na. Calyx 5-parted (f. 47. a.). Petals 5 (f.
47. b.), entire, on short claws. Stamens 10 ; anthers (f. 47. c.),
1-celled, 2-valved. Capsule composed of 2 carpels (f. 47. e.),
which are joined at the base, many seeded.
4 Chrysosple'nium. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium;
limb 4-5-lobed. Petals wanting. Stamens 8-10. Styles 2.
Capsule 2-valved and 2-beaked, at length 1-celled and many
seeded.
5 Mite'lla. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, jagged or toothed.
Stamens 10. Styles 2, joined. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved,
many seeded.
6 Te'llima. Free part of the calyx inflated, 5-toothed (f.
49. 6.), the adhering part conical. Petals 5 (f. 49. c.), jagged.
Stamens 10 (f. 49. a.). Styles 2-3, distinct. Capsule (f. 49./.),
1- celled, 2-valved at the apex.
7 Drummondia. Calyx with an obconical tube (f. 50. b.),
and a 5-cleft limb. Petals 5 (f. 50. c.), pinnatifid. Stamens 5.
Stigmas 2, spreading, 2-lobed. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved,
many seeded (f. 50. d.).
S Tiare'lla. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, unguiculate, entire.
Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, adnate to
the bottom of the calyx ; valves unequal, dehiscing between the
styles. Seeds numerous.
9 Asti'lbe. Calyx deeply 4-5-parted, coloured. Petals
wanting. Stamens 8-10. Styles 2 ; stigmas truncate. Capsule
2- celled, 2-beaked, many seeded.
§ 2. Stamens equal in number to the petals, or fewer, and
alternating with them.
10 Heuche'ra. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 51. b.). Petals 5 (f. 51. a.),
undivided. Stamens 5. Styles 2 (f. 51. c.), very long, distinct.
Capsule crowned by the dead flower, 1-celled, dehiscing between
the styles (f. 51. d.). Seeds rough.
11 Dona tia. Tube of calyx turbinate ; limb truncate, with
2 opposite acuminated triangular teeth. Petals 9 (8-10, Forst.),
narrow. Stamens 3. Styles 3-5. Ovarium 2-3-celled ; ovula
numerous. Fruit capsular.
206
SAXIFRAGACE7E. I. Saxifraga.
12 Lepurope'talum. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, scale-
formed. Stamens 5. Styles 3, somewhat concrete at the base.
Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved at the apex, many seeded.
13 Va'hlia. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, spreading,
undivided. Stamens 5. Styles 2, capitate at the apex. Cap-
sule 1-celled, 2-valved at the apex, 5-furrowed, crowned by the
lobes of the calyx. Seeds convex on the outside.
14 Cryptope'talum. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft. Petals 5,
minute, spatulate. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled,
3-valved, opening at the cells in the free part, with a parietal
placenta in the middle of each valve.
Tribe II.
Hydrange'/e (plants agreeing with Hydrangea in being
shrubby). D. C. prod. 4. p. 13.
15 Hydra'ngea. Flowers usually of two forms, one fertile
and hermaphrodite. Calyx globose, 10-ribbed, rather truncate ;
limb 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Styles 2, distinct.
Capsule 2-celled, with bent-in valves, dehiscing by a hole be-
tween the styles.
16 Cornidia. Tube of calyx globose ; limb 4-toothed. Pe-
tals 4. Stamens 8. Styles 3-4, thick, fleshy. Fruit 4-celled,
many seeded.
17 Cianitis. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, rather
fleshy. Stamens 10. Styles 3-5 ; stigmas obtuse. Berry
crowned by the teeth of the calyx, somewhat 3-5-celled, many
seeded.
18 Ada' mia. Limb of calyx with 5 short teeth. Petals 5.
Stamens 10. Styles 5, ending in rather club-shaped 2-lobed
stigmas. Berry crowned by the teeth of the calyx, somewhat
5-celled, many seeded.
19 Broussai'sia. Calyx 5-parted, hemispherical, free from
the ovarium. Petals 5, oblong, acuminated, with the acumen
reflexed as in umbelliferous plants. Stamens 10, hypogynous.
Ovarium roundish, crowned by the short style and truncate
stigma, 5-celled ; cells many seeded.
Tribe I.
SAXIFRA'GETE (plants agreeing with Saxifraga in being
herbaceous). D. C. prod. 4. p. 17. Saxifrage®, R. Br. gen.
rem. exclusive of Hydrangeae. Herbs variable in habit, usually
dwarf. Leaves exstipulate, alternate, rarely opposite. Flowers
disposed in racemes or panicles, rarely solitary, all fertile.
§ 1. Stamens twice the number of the petals and sepals.
I. SAXI FRAGA (from saxum, a stone, and frango, to
break ; supposed medical virtues in that disease). Lin. gen. 764.
Juss. gen. p. 309. Lam. ill. t. 372. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 177. t.
36. D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 341. Sternb. enum. sax. et
suppl. 1. Moretti, tent. sax. Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 83. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 17.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-clefc (f. 41- a. f.
42. a. f. 46. a.). Petals 5 (f. 42. b. f. 46. c.), entire, unguicu-
late. Stamens 10 (f. 42. c. f. 46. d.) ; anthers 2-celled. Styles
2 (f. 42. e.), permanent. Capsule (f. 42. d.) 2-celled, 2-valved,
2-beaked, opening within the beak by an orbicular hole, many
seeded. Seeds minute, smooth.
Sect. I. Berge’nia (in honour of Charles Aug. Bergen,
author of F'lora Francofurtana, in one vol. 8vo. 1750, and other
botanical works). Moench, meth. 664. ex D. Don, in Lin. trans.
13. p. 343. Geryonia, Schrank, Tauch, and Sternb. — Erophe-
ron, Tauch, hort. canal, fasc. 1. Megasea, Haw. enum. sax. 6.
Calyx campanulate, 5-parted, wrinkled on the outside ; segments
conniving. Petals unguiculated, inserted in the calyx. Stamens
inserted in the throat of the calyx ; filaments subulate ; anthers
roundish. Styles hollow inside, full of seeds, joined at the base,
at length turgid, and changing into a profoundly bipartite cap-
sule ; stigmas semiglobose, glabrous ; seeds cylindrical. — Peren-
nial herbs, with thick woody roots. Leaves large, fleshy. Pe-
tioles furnished by entire membranous stipulas along both sides
at the base. Flowers red, disposed in thyrsoid panicles.
1 S. crassifolia (Lin. spec. 573.) leaves oval or obovate,
very blunt, glabrous, serrulated ; petals elliptic-oblong, t? . H.
Native of Siberia, on the Alps. Curt. bot. mag. 196. Gmel. fl.
sib. 4. p. 166. t. 56. Megasea crassifolia, Haw. enum. sax.
p. 6. Flowers large, red. The root is stiptic or astringent
when chewed.
Var. /3, Haworthiana (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 36.) leaves
somewhat orbicularly cordate, flat, hardly crenated. 1(. H.
Native of Siberia. Megasea media, Haw. enum. sax. 7.
Thick-leaved Saxifraga. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1765. PI. 1 ft.
2 S. cordifolia (Haw. misc. nat. 157.) leaves orbicularly
cordate, serrated, glabrous; petals roundish. H. Native
of Siberia, on the Alps. Megasea cordifolia, Haw. enum. sax.
7. Flowers large, red.
Heart-leaved Saxifraga. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1779. PI. 1 ft.
3 S. ligula'ta (Wall, in asiat. res. 13. p. 398. with a figure)
leaves obovate, subcordate, denticulated, quite glabrous on both
surfaces, but ciliated on the margins ; panicle dichotomous ;
petals broad, orbicular. 1/ . F. Native of Nipaul, and the
east of Bengal, on the alps. Lodd. bot. cab. 747. Sweet, fl.
garcl. t. 59. S. Pacumbis, Buch. mss. Megasea ciliata, Haw.
enum. sax. 7. Flowers very pale red, almost white.
Var. ft, minor (Wall, mss.) leaves much smaller ; flowers
more loose, and distant.
Ligulate-\eaved Saxifrage. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 ft.
Sect. II. Gyno'pera (from yurt], gyne, a style, in botanical
language, and ircpa, pera, beyond ; in reference to the styles
being above the stamens). Diptera, Borkh. ex Tausch, 1. c. Au-
laxis, Haw. syn. sax. p. 46. Hydatica, Tausch, hort. can. Neck,
elem. 2. p. 387. Robertsonia, Haw. syn. succ. p. 311. enum.
sax. p. 52. Calyx 5-leaved, reflexed. Petals hypogynous,
sessile. Stamens hypogynous ; filaments clavate ; anthers kid-
ney-shaped. Styles conniving ; stigmas simple, beardless. Cap-
sule roundish, naked. Seeds spherical. — Perennial tufted herbs,
furnished with short surculi. Leaves fleshy, undivided, for the
most part cartilaginously serrated. Scapes erect, branched.
Flowers small, panicled, rose-coloured or white, dotted.
4 S. ge'um (Lin. spec. 574.) leaves reniform, crenated, pilose
on both surfaces, adult ones crowded and spreading ; petioles
very long, nearly terete, villous ; calycine segments ovate, ob-
tuse. f . H. Native of Siberia, Switzerland : and the hills in
Ireland, especially on a mountain, near Dingle, in the county of
Kerry. Sternb. rev. sax. p. 15. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 24. Smith,
engl. bot. 1561. S. punctata, Sternb. sax. p. 18. S. umbrosa
punctata, Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 263. Sax. hirsuta ft, geum,
Arnott et Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 42. Robertsonia geum,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 53. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 161. t. 65. f. L
SAXIFRAGACE/E. I. Saxifraga.
207
Petals white or pale red, furnished at the base with red and
yellow spots.
Var. (3, dentata (Haw. enum. sax. p. 53.) leaves reniform,
round, crenately toothed ; petals marked with yellow and red
dots. l/.H. Native on the mountains of Ireland. Robert-
sonia dentata, Haw. syn. p. 323. Sax. dentata, Loud. hort.
brit. p. 176.
Var. y, crenata (Haw. 1. c.) hairy ; leaves reniform, round,
bluntly crenated. 1/ . H. Robertsonia cren&ta, Haw. 1. c. S.
crenata, Loud. hort. brit. p. 53.
Var. S, polita (Haw. 1. c.) hairy ; leaves reniform, roundish,
sharply toothed, with the surface naked and smooth. If. H.
Native on the mountains of Ireland. Robertsonia polita, Haw.
l.c. S. polita, Loud. hort. brit. p. 176.
Geum Saxifrage. FI. May, July. Ireland. PI. 1 foot.
5 S. hirsu'ta (Lin. spec. 574.) leaves oval, acutely serrated,
rounded at the base or cordate, pilose on both surfaces, when
adult erect ; petioles very long, nearly terete, villous ; pedicels
elongated, 1-flowered. % . H. Native of the Pyrenees and
Ireland, on moist rocks ; in Ireland on mountains in the county
of Kerry. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. sax. p. 45. t. 23. Smith, engl. bot.
2322. Sternb. sax. p. 14. Robertsonia hirsuta, Haw. enum.
sax. p. 54. Petals white, furnished with numerous red and
yellow dots. S. hirshta, var. a, serrata, Arnott, in D. C. prod.
4. p. 42. S. elegans and S. gracilis, Mack, ex Hook, in litt.
5. polita, Link, et Hort.
Var. (3 ; leaves roundish, cordate, glabrous on both surfaces.
Var. y, sphceroidea (Haw. enum. sax. p. 54.) leaves broadly
oval, somewhat cordate, bluntly crenated, with the surface
naked. 1/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees. Robertsonia sphse-
roidea, Haw. syn. 322. S. sphaeroidea, Loud. hort. brit. 176.
Hairy Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Ireland. PI. \ to 1 ft.
6 S. umbrosa (Lin. spec. p. 574.) leaves obovate, retuse,
cartilaginously crenated, quite glabrous, crowded and spreading
in the adult state ; petioles short, compressedly dilated ; pedicels
few-flowered. If. H. Native of the Pyrenees and Ireland,
in the clefts of rocks and on the mountains. In several parts
of Ireland ; plentiful on a mountain called the Mangeston, county
of Kerry ; on the mountains of Sligo ; on Croagh Patrick, near
the Lake of Killarney, in great abundance ; in Thorp Arch
woods, near Wetherby, Yorkshire; betwixt Arncliffe and Hor-
ton, in Craven. Mill. fig. 141. f. 2. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 44.
t. 22. Smith, engl. bot. 633. Sternb. sax. p. 14. Robert-
sonia umbrosa, brevipes, et 16ngipes, Haw. sax. p. 55. S. spa-
tularis, Brot. fl. his. 2. p. 172. Petals oval, of a reddish white
colour, full of scarlet and yellow dots, with 3 conspicuous
branched nerves. The plant is very variable in habit.
Var. fl, punctata (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 352.) leaves
roundish, sharply serrated : adult ones erect ; petioles longer.
If. H. Native of Siberia and Ireland, on the mountains ; also
of Kotzebue’s Sound. S. punctitta, Lin. spec. p. 574. Sternb.
suppl. f. 1. S. gracilis, Step, in Sternb. sax. suppl. 1. p. 5. t. 5.
but not of Schleich. S. geum, herb. Patrin. S. semidecandra,
Worsm. and S. aestivalis, ex Fisch. in litt. Robertsonia punc-
tata, Haw. enum. sax. p. 55. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 161. no. 71. t. 66.
Var. y, serratifblia (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 352.)
leaves oblong-ovate, deeply serrated : adult ones erect ; petioles
longer. %. H. Native of Ireland, on the mountains. S.
serratifblia, Mackay, in lit. Robertsonia punctata (3, serrata,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 55.
Shady Saxifrage, None-so-pretty, or London-pride. Fl. April,
June. Ireland. PI. \ to 1 foot.
7 S. cuneifolia (Lin. spec. p. 574.) leaves cuneiform, re-
pandly crenated, glabrous : adult ones crowded, spreading ;
petioles linear, very narrow, naked ; calycine segments oblong,
acute; petals spatulate. If. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Alps
of Switzerland, Styria, Hungary, and Norway. Scop. earn,
t. 13. Schmied. fasc. t. 12. no. 37. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1.
p. 43. t. 44. Sternb. sax. p. 14. S. punctata, Gunn. fl. norv.
no. 1076. act. hafn. 10. p. 445. t. 3. f. 10. — Gesn. fasc. 19.
t. 12. f. 37. Morretti, tent. sax. p. 31. Gaudin, fl. helv. 3.
p. 97. Robertsonia cuneifolia, Haw. enum. sax. p. 56. S.
cuneifolia diversifolia, Ser. in Meisn. anz. 1818. p. 73. Plant
tufted. Petals spatulate, furnished with a solitary yellow spot.
Var. {3, Davurica (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 354.) leaves
opaque, toothed; flowers larger. If.. H. Native of Siberia.
S. Davurica, Hort. but not of Willd. Robertsonia Daurica,
Haw. enum. sax. p. 56.
Wedge-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1768. PI. ^
to ■§ foot.
8 S. fauciflora (Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. 1 . p. 6. t. 4. f. 2.)
root tufted ; leaves roundish or ovate-roundish, toothed, cu-
neated at the base, running down the petiole, which is short ;
petals ovate, unguiculate, longer than the calyx. If.. H. Na-
tive of Siberia and Kamtschatka. Petals spotted.
Fern -flowered Saxifrage. PI. ^ foot.
9 S. spica'ta (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 354.) leaves on
long petioles, orbicularly cordate, sharply serrated, veiny, pilose;
petioles dilated at the base ; raceme elongated, spike-formed ;
calycine segments very short. 1/ . H. Native of Sledge
Island, on the west coast of America. S. geum, Pursh,
fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 311. but not of Lin. Plant tufted. Petals
elliptic-oblong, dotted, 3-nerved, with the nerves branched.
. 309. Lam. ill. t. 373. D. C. prod. 4. p. 50.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted, permanent,
adhering at the base to the ovarium : lobes obtuse. Petals 5,
unguiculate, entire, inserted in the calyx, and alternating with the
calycine lobes. Stamens 10. Styles 2, distinct. Ovarium 2-
celled. Capsule 1-celled, adnate to the calyx at the base, mem-
SAXIFRAGACEAL VIII. Tiarella. IX. Astilbe. X. Heuchera.
229
branous, 2-valved ; valves unequal, opening between the styles
(one of the valves or carpels usually abortive). Seeds fixed to
the bottom of the capsule, along the margins of the carpels or
valves. — Perennial herbs, with the habit of Milella. Stems
erect, naked, or few-leaved. Leaves for the most part radical,
petiolate. Racemes terminal, simple ; flowers distant, pedicel-
late : pedicels incurvedly pendulous when bearing the fruit. A
very heterogeneous genus, which may probably be hereafter
divided.
§ 1. Leaves simple .
1 T. cordifolia (Lin. spec. p. 580.) stems leafless ; stolons
creeping ; leaves cordate, acute, deeply lobed, serrated : teeth
mucronate; racemes simple. If. H. Native of Canada, about
Montreal ; and also of the north of Asia. Sims, bot. mag. 1589.
Lam. ill. t. 373. f. 1. Flowers white. Habit of Milella di-
phylla.
Cordate-leaved Tiarella. FI. April, May. Clt. 1731. PI. § ft.
2 T. unifolia' ta (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 238. t. 81.)
plant smoothish ; stems furnished with one leaf ; leaves all pe-
tiolate, triangularly cordate, bluntly toothed : teeth mucronate ;
panicle loose ; flowers drooping ; calyx campanulate ; petals
abortive. If. H. Native of North America, on the height of
land on the Rocky Mountains, near the source of the Columbia,
and at Portage river. Stems rather pubescent above. Leaves
3-5-lobed ; lobes acutely toothed. This species has much the
habit of Heuchera glabra, and is probably a decandrous species
of that genus. The petals, if any exist, must be very fuga-
cious, as none has been seen.
One-leaved Tiarella. PI. 1 foot.
3 T. Menzie'sii (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 313.) leaves
oval-cordate, acute, toothed : cauline ones alternate, distant ;
racemes filiform, somewhat spicate ; calyx tubular. If. H. Na-
tive of the north-west coast of America.
Menzies's Tiarella. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 foot.
4 T. alternifolia (Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 59.)
stem leafy ; lower leaves cordate : upper ones truncate at the
base, all having 5-7 short lobes, and these lobes are lobed again,
sharply and coarsely toothed ; lobes of calyx oblong, erect. If .
H. Native of the north of Asia, in the island of Sitka. Radical
leaves on long, upper ones on short petioles. Flowers twice the
size of those of T. polyphylla.
Alternate-leaved Tiarella. PI. 1 foot.
5 T. polyfhy'lla (D. Don, fl. nep. p. 210.) stem furnished
with 3 leaves, beset with glandular hairs ; leaves cordate, 3-5-
lobed, sharply serrated, pilose on both surfaces ; lobes of calyx
lanceolate, mucronate, pressed to the fruit ; racemes loose. 7/ .
F. Native of Nipaul. Habit of T. cordifolia or Milella di-
phylla. Racemes many flowered. Fruit pendulous.
Many-leaved Tiarella. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. PI. \
to 1 foot.
§ 2. Leaves compound. — Blondia, Neck. elem. 2. p. 115.
6 T. trifolia'ta (Lin. amoen. acad. 2. p. 351. spec. p. 580.)
stem furnished with 1 or 2 leaves, rarely naked ; leaves all tri-
foliate : leaflets rhomboid-ovate, deeply toothed : teeth mucro-
nate ; panicle loose ; flowers drooping ; calyx small, campanu-
late; petals obovate, lanceolate. If. H. Native of the north
of Asia, and the north-west coast of America ; common on the
coast, and on the Rocky Mountains, on the west side of the
ridge. The specimens from the Rocky Mountains are glabrous,
and many of those from the coast, while others are more or less
pubescent. Two panicles are often produced on the same stem.
Trifoliate Tiarella. PI. 1 foot.
7 T. lacinia'ta (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 239. t. 77.) plant
rough and hairy ; stems usually furnished with 3 leaves ; leaves
trifoliate : middle leaflet trifid : lateral ones bifid, all broadly
lanceolate, and pinnatifidly jagged ; panicle loose ; flowers
drooping; calyx short, campanulate; petals wanting ? If . H.
Native of the north-west coast of America. Roots rather hori-
zontal. The petals, if any, must be very fugacious, as none
have been seen.
Jagged- leaved Tiarella. PL \ to 1 foot.
8 T. stenope'tala (Presl, in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 45.) stems
1-leaved, and are, as well as the branches, clothed with glandular
pubescence ; radical leaves unknown : cauline one trifoliate :
leaflets glabrous, deeply lobed, mucronately toothed, acute :
lateral leaflets obliquely ovate, middle one acute at the base ;
petals subulate, very narrow ; capsules erect, dotted. 1/ . H.
Native of Nootka Sound. Panicle many flowered.
Narrom-petalled Tiarella. PI. 1 foot ?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Mitella, p. 228.
IX. ASTTLBE (a. priv. and amX[ir],stilbe, brightness ; plants
opaque). Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 210. D. C. prod.
4. p. 51.
Lin. syst. Octo-Decandria, Digynia. Calyx deeply 4-5-
parted, coloured ; segments oval, obtuse, concave. Petals want-
ing. Stamens 8-10, opposite the calycine lobes ; filaments su-
bulate ; anthers spherical, 2-celled. Styles 2 ; stigmas 2, trun-
cate, pruinose. Capsule superior, birostrate, many seeded. —
Perennial robust pilose herbs, with the appearance of Spirce'a
Aruncus, inhabiting the banks of rivulets. Leaves large, biter-
nate ; leaflets coarsely serrated ; petioles much dilated at the
base. Flowers small, of a greenish yellow-colour, in spicate
racemes, which are disposed in panicles.
1 A. rivula'ris (Hamilt. 1. c.) flowers 4-cleft, octandrous ;
leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate, doubly serrated, villous beneath,
and on the petioles. If. H. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty.
Bracteas usually jagged at the apex.
Rivulet Astilbe. PI. 3 feet.
2 A. deca'ndra (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 211.) flow'ers 5-
cleft, decandrous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets cordate, deeply
lobed and serrated, beset with glandular pili beneath, and on the
petioles. If . H. Native of North America. Tiarella biter-
nata, Vent. malm. t. 54. The petals are said to be 5, and
linear, in this plant, not as in the first species wanting. Leaflets
ovate, broadly and bluntly serrated.
Decandrous Astilbe. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Heuchera, p. 231.
§ 2. Stamens equal in number to the petals, or sometimes
fewer, alternating with the petals.
X. HEUCHE'RA (in honour of John Henry de Heucher,
once professor of medicine at Witterberg ; author of Hortus
Witterbergensis, 171 1-1713.). Lin. gen. p. 320. Gaertn. fruct. 1.
p. 177. t. 36. f. 2. Lam. ill. t. 184. f. 3. D. C. prod. 4. p. 51.
Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 235.
Lin. syst. Penidndria, Digynia. Calyx permanent, 5-cleft
(f. 51. b.), imbricate in aestivation. Petals undivided (f. 51. a.),
nearly equal. Stamens 5. Styles 2 (f. 51. e.), very long, dis-
tinct, length of stamens : when young approximate and almost
concrete, but afterwards diverging. Capsule crowned by the
dry calyx, and adnate to it at the base, opening between the
styles (f. 51. d.), 1-celled; placentas 2, adnate, many seeded.
Seeds rough from dots or wrinkled. — Herbs. Leaves mostly
radical, palmately lobed, toothed. Stems mostly leafless. Flowers
panicled or racemose.
1 H. America'na (Lin. spec. 328.) plant clothed with clammy
pubescence, scapes and leaves roughish ; leaves on long petioles,
somewhat 5-7-lobed, toothed ; thyrse elongated, panicled ; caly-
cine lobes short, obtuse ; petals lanceolate, length of the calyx ;
230
SAXIFRAGACEiE. X. Heuchera.
stamens much exserted. %. H. Native of shady places from
New England to Carolina, in the Illinois region ; New Spain and
Peru. Sehkuhr, handb. t. 58. H. vfscida, Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 187. H. cortusa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 171.
There is a variety of this species having 2 of the petals longer
than the rest. Flowers reddish. Perhaps H. reniformis and H.
glauca, Rafin. med. fl. 1. p. 244. are not distinct from this.
Var. ft, glabriuscula (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 216.) leaves smooth-
ish ; panicle rather crowded.
Var. y, folidsa (Moricand, mss.) scapes furnished with a few
long distant leaves. Native of Peru.
American Heuchera. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1656. PI. 1|- foot.
2 H. div arica'ta (Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 51.)
scapes naked, glabrous ; leaves glabrous, somewhat 5-lobed :
lobes toothed : teeth mucronate ; branches of panicle divaricate :
teeth of calyx bluntish ; petals lanceolate, acute. 7/ . H. Na-
tive of the north of Asia, in the islands of Kadiak and Sitka ;
also in Kamtschatka.
Divaricate Heuchera. PI. foot.
3 H. pube'scens (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 187.) plant
covered with powdery down ; lower part of scape and under
side of leaves glabrous ; leaves somewhat acutely lobed, toothed:
teeth roundish, mucronate ; branches of panicle short, crowded
with flowers ; calyx broad, campanulate ; petals spatulate,
longer than the calyx ; stamens exserted. 1£.H. Native from
Pennsylvania to Virginia, on the Blue Mountains. H. pulveru-
lenta, Rafin. med. bot. 1. p. 213. Petals pale red, variegated
with yellow. Flowers larger than in many other species.
Pubescent Heuchera. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. PI. 1ft.
4 H. hi'spida (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 188.) plant hispid
and scabrous ; scapes, petioles, and under side of- leaves gla-
brous ; leaves acutely lobed, toothed, hispid from villi above :
teeth short, rather retuse, mucronate ; branches of panicle few-
flowered ; calyx middle-sized, with acutish lobes ; petals spatu-
late, length of calyx ; stamens exserted. 'll. H. Native of
Virginia and Carolina, on high mountains. Flowers reddish.
Hispid Heuchera. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
5 H. micra'ntha (Dough in bot. reg. 1302.) lower part of
scape and petioles beset with long fulvous hairs ; leaves round-
ish-cordate, nearly naked, bluntly lobed, crenate : crenae mucro-
nate ; lower bracteas foliaceous, cut : upper ones setaceous ;
panicle loose ; petals linear, one-half shorter than the long ex-
serted stamens, 'll. H. Native of the north-west coast of
America, on the steep rocky banks of the Columbia, near the
Grand Rapids. Flowers greenish-yellow.
Small-Jlorvered Heuchera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI.
2 feet.
6 H. villosa (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p 172.) lower part of
scape and petioles beset with deflexed soft hairs ; leaves cordate,
acutely lobed, mucronately serrated, a little cut, nearly naked
above, but very villous on the nerves beneath ; panicle loose ; pe-
duncles capillary, dichotomous ; bracteas linear, ciliated ; flowers
small ; petals very long, narrow-spatulate, and are, as well as
the stamens, much exserted. 'll . H. Native of Upper Canada,
and on the higher mountains of Virginia and Carolina. The
leaves are very different from those of H. Americana, the
flowers are smaller, and the petals regularly long and narrow,
white.
Villous Heuchera. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 foot.
7 H. gla'bra (Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 216.) scape
leafy ; leaves cordate, acutely lobed, glabrous, unequally and
acutely toothed ; lower stem ones or bracteas toothed ; panicle
loose; flowers small ; calyx pubescent ; petals linear ; stamens
exserted. 'll. H. Native of the north-west coast of America ;
Nootka, in the vicinity of the Columbia river; Rocky Moun-
tains, at Providence and Portage rivers. Hook. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 236. t. 79. Tiarella colorans, Graham, in edinb. new.
phil. journ. July, 1829. Petals white. Stipulas adnate, as in
the genus Rosa, but free at the top.
Glabrous Heuchera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 foot.
8 H. caule'scens (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 188.) plant suf-
fruticose at the base ; lower part of scape and petioles pilose ;
leaves glabrous above, but pilose at the nerves beneath, acutely
lobed, ciliated, toothed : teeth acute, mucronate ; calyx short,
villous ; petals linear, twice the length of the calyx ; stamens ex-
serted. 'll. H. Native of Carolina, on the mountains, and of
Kamtschatka. Petals white.
Caulescent Heuchera. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 ft.
9 H. Barbarossa (Presl, in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 56.) plant
suffruticose at the base ; floriferous stems clothed with rufous
villi ; petioles very villous from rufous hairs ; leaves roundish-
cordate, bluntly lobed, mucronately toothed, ciliated, puberu-
lous ; panicle loose, many flowered ; petals linear-oblong, longer
than the calyx ; stamens exserted. ’ll. H. Native of Nootka
Sound. Plant small.
Barbarossa Heuchera. PI. \ foot.
10 H. cyli'ndrica (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 236.) scapes naked, and are, as well as the petioles, hairy ;
leaves cordate, deeply and roundly lobed, crenated, ciliated ;
truncate at the base, smoothish above, but very pilose at the veins
beneath : teeth piliferous ; panicle compact, cylindrical, rather
spicate ; flowers rather large, apetalous ; stamens inclosed. % .
H. Native of North America, on the declivities of low hills,
and on the steep banks of streams on the west side of the Rocky
Mountains. Like H. Ricliardsonii, but differs from it in the
truncate base of the leaves, and in the spicate panicle, by having
less oblique calyxes, very short stamens, and by the absence of
petals.
Cylindrical- spiked Heuchera. PI. 1 to l-£ foot.
11 H. Richardsonii (R. Br. in Franklin, 1st journ. ed. 1.
append, p. 766. t. 29.) scapes and petioles rather pilose; leaves
cordate, with a deep recess, bluntly lobed, ciliated, crenated,
rather pilose on both surfaces : teeth piliferous ; panicle loose,
thyrsoid ; flowers large ; mouth of calyx oblique ; petals ob-
ovately cuneated, hardly longer than the calyx ; stamens a little
exserted. 7/ . H. Native of North America, on the dry banks
of rivers from lat. 54° to 64°.
Richardson's Heuchera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI. 1
to 1^ foot.
12 H. Menzie'sii (Hook. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 237. t. 80.)
plant hispid from pili ; stems
leafy ; leaves cordate, acutely
lobed, deeply serrated ; flowers
racemose, apetalous ; calyx cylin-
drically funnel-shaped ; stamens
exserted; ovarium free. 11. H.
Native of the north-west coast
of America ; at Banks’s Isles, and
from the coast of Columbia to
Puget’s Sound. Tiarella Men-
ziesii ? Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 313. Racemes terminal, elon-
gated, solitary, many flowered.
Stamens 3, exserted. Petals 5,
linear, reflexed, (f. 51.)
Var. ft; plant less hairy. 7/. H. Native along with the
species, in shady woods. H. triandra, Doug. mss. ex Hook. 1. c.
Menzies’s Heuchera. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
13 H. bractea'ta (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 52.) plant pu-
bescent ; scapes racemose ; leaves orbicularly cordate, serrately
cut : teeth mucronate ; flowers bracteate ; petals narrow, hardly
1
FIG. 51.
SAXIFRAGACEiE, X. Heuchera. XI.Donatia. XII. Lepuropetalum. XIII. Vaiilia.
231
longer than the calyx ; stamens not exserted. H. Native of
North America, on the Rocky Mountains. Tiarella? bracteata,
Torrey in ann. lyc. 2. p. 204. Habit of a species of Saxifraga.
Bracteate-flowered Heuchera. PI. 1 foot.
14 H. longipe'tala (Moc. pi. nootk. ined. with a figure, ex
D. C. prod. 4. p. 52.) scape pubescent ; panicle secund ; petals
linear, revolute at the apex, longer than the calyx. "2/ . H.
Native of the north-west coast of America. Lobes of leaves
broad, rather distinct, acutely toothed. Petals and styles white.
Long-petalled Heuchera. PI. 1 foot.
15 H. acerifolia (Rafiti. med. fl. 1. p. 211. t. 49.) petioles
hairy ; leaves smooth, glaucous beneath, acutely 5-lobed, un-
equally toothed : teeth mucronate ; scapes smooth ; panicle
elongated, loose ; petals short ; stamens exserted. 2/ . H. Na-
tive of North America, on hills and in the fissures of rocks, in
Kentucky, Tennessee, and west of Virginia, Maryland, and
Ohio, &c.
Maple-leaved, Heuchera. PI. 1 foot.
16 H. squamosa (Rafin. med. fl. p. 244.) petioles pilose ;
leaves rather hairy, ciliated, cordate, acutely 7-lobed, denticu-
lated, glaucous beneath ; scape pilose, furnished with distant
oval scales; panicle short, oval, crowded, scaly; pedicels short;
lobes of calyx obtuse; stamens exserted. 1£. H. Native on
the mountains of Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky. Perhaps
the same as H. bracteata.
Scaly Heuchera. PI. 1 foot.
Cidt. The species of Heuchera thrive in any light garden
soil, and are readily increased by dividing at the roots. None of
the species are showy.
XI. DONA'TIA (so named by Forster from Vitaliano Do-
nati, of Padua, professor of botany at Turin). He travelled into
Egypt and Arabia, and died on his journey). Forst. gen. t. 5.
Juss. gen. p. 300. St. Hil. mem. mus. 2. p. 119. D. C. prod.
4. p. 53.
FIG. 52.
Lin. syst. Tridndria, Trigynia. Tube of calyx turbinate,
adnate to the ovarium ; limb truncate, with 2 triangular acumi-
nated nearly opposite teeth. Bracteoles linear, adnate to the
tube of the calyx. Petals 9 (f. 52. e.), (8-10 ex Forst.) linear-
oblong. Stamens 3 (f. 52. f.), short, alternating with the petals.
Styles 3 (f. 52. b .) -5, filiform. Ovarium 2-3-celled. Ovula
numerous, fixed to the top of the cells. Fruit capsular. — A
nearly stemless herb, with the
habit of Saxifraga ccespitosa.
Stems tufted. Leaves alternate,
linear, obtuse, permanent, im-
bricated, thick, glabrous, woolly
in the axils. Flowers terminal,
sessile, solitary, white. Perhaps
the petals are 6, and the stamens
6, 3 of them antheriferous, and
the other 3 converted into petals.
1 D. Magella'nica (Forst. 1.
c.) 2/.F. Native of the Straits
of Magellan, on humid rocks.
Lam. ill. t. 51. Polycarpon Ma-
gellanicum, Lin. fil. suppl. 115.
Magellan Donatia. PI. ft.
Cult. This plant will require to be grown in a small pot,
well drained, in a mixture of sand, peat and loam ; and placed
among other alpine plants. It will be easily increased by
dividing.
XII. LEPUROPETALUM (from Xeirvpiov, lepurion, a lit-
tle scale, and 7 rtraXov, petalon, a petal ; in reference to the small
scale-formed petals). Elliot, sketch 1. p. 370. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 53.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted, perma-
nent: lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals 5, permanent, scale-formed,
inserted in the calyx, and alternating with its segments. Stamens
5, alternating with the petals. Ovarium free at the apex. Styles
3, short, rather concrete at the base. Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved
at the apex. Seeds numerous, oval, fixed to the inflexed mar-
gins of the valves. — An annual glabrous branched tufted herb.
Leaves alternate, sessile, spatulately lanceolate, obtuse, entire.
Flowers terminal, solitary, small, white.
1 L. spatula'tum (Ell. 1. c.) 11. F. Native of North Ame-
rica, in Georgia, in shady places. Pyxidanthera spatulata,
Muhl. cat.
Spatulate-leaved Lepuropetalum. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. See Donatia above for culture and propagation.
XIII. VA'HLIA (in honour of Martin Vahl, a pupil of Lin-
neus, regius professor of botany at Copenhagen, and member of
several academies, author of Symbolise Botanicae, Eclogae Ameri-
cans, &c. and one of the editors of Flora Danica). Thunb. gen.
nov. 2. p. 36. with a figure. Juss. gen. p. 318. Poir. diet. 8.
p. 284. Lam. ill. t. 183. R. Br. in Frankl. narr. journ. 766.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 53. — Bistella, Caill. and Delil. but not of
Adans. — Oldenlandia species, Retz, Roth, Smith, but not of Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx adhering to
the ovarium : limb 5-parted, permanent, valvate in aestivation.
Petals 5, spreading, undivided, shorter than the calyx. Stamens
5 : anthers versatile. Styles 2, capitate at the apex. Capsule
1-celled, 2-valved, truncate at the apex, 5-furrowed, crowned by
the limb of the calyx, many seeded ; placentas loose, hanging
from the top of the cavity of the cell. Seeds convex on the
outside, and concave on the inside. — Rather villous somewhat
dichotomous herbs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, linear or lan-
ceolate. Flowers white, axillary, pedicellate ; pedicels twin, 1-
flowered, short.
* African species.
1 V. Cape'nsis (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 246.) leaves linear or nar-
row-lanceolate ; branches velvety at the top ; pedicels twin, 1-
flowered ; styles exserted ; capsules oblong. % . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Russ&lia Capensis, Lin. fil. suppl. p.
175. Plant almost with the habit of a Silene, from |to 1 foot
high. Flowers white.
Cape Vahlia. PI. i to 1 foot.
2 V. Welde'nii (Reich, hort. bot. t. 91.) leaves ovate, acute ;
pedicels twin, 1 -flowered; capsule globose. Q. H. Native of
Upper Egypt, of Nubia near Dongolah ; and of Senegal. Bis-
tella geminiflora, Caill. and Delil. pi. afr. p. 97. t. 63. f. 2. A
much branched herb, beset with glandular hairs. Flowers white.
Welden’s Vahlia. PI. to foot.
3 V. ramosissima (Alph. D. C. diss. ined. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 54.) stem much branched, hairy : hairs bearing viscid glands
at the apex ; leaves linear, pubescent ; peduncles 2-flowered,
shorter than the leaves; capsule ovate. ©. H. Native of
Senegal. Flowers white. Habit of a Silene or A renaria.
Much-branched Vahlia. PI. | to foot.
4 V. silenoides (Alph. D. C. diss. ined. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 54.) stem branched, clothed with soft hairs ; leaves linear,
pubescent ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; cap-
sule globose. ©. H. Native of the Cape Verd Islands.
Flowers white.
Catchfly-like Vahlia. PI. \ foot.
5 V. tomentosa (Alph. D. C. diss. ined. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
54.) stem branched, tomentose ; leaves linear-lanceolate, rather
hairy ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves : flowers
on short pedicels ; capsule nearly globose. ©. ? H. Native of
the north of Africa, in the kingdom of Cayor. Flowers white.
232
SAXIFRAGACEAi. XIII. Vahlia. XIV. Cryptopetaeum. XV. Hydrangea.
Tomentose Vahlia. PI. i to \ foot.
* * Asiatic species.
6 V. Oldenla'ndle (D. C. prod. 4. p. 54.) stem erect; leaves
linear, pubescent ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, shorter than
the leaves. ©. F. Native of Tranquebar. Oldenlandia pen-
tandra, Rets, obs. 4. p. 22. Heuchera dichotoma, Murr. comm,
goett. 1772. p. 64. f. 1. Oldenlandia dichotoma, Spreng. pug.
2. p. 36. Flowers white. Perhaps Oldenlandia biflora, Roth,
nov. spec. 97. but not of Lin. is sufficiently distinct from this ;
there are varieties of it with 4-5-parted flowers.
Oldenland’s Vahlia. PI. \ foot.
7 V. sessiliflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 54.) stems decumbent ;
leaves lanceolate ; flowers axillary, sessile. ©.? H. Native of
Tranquebar. Oldenlandia digyna, Retz, obs. p. 23. Olden-
landia decumbens, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 36. Oldenlandia sessili-
flora, Smith in Rees’ cycl. vol. 25. no. 2. Flowers pentapeta-
lous, digynous, white.
Sessile-flowered Vahlia. PI. decumbent.
Obs. The Oldenlandia depressa of Willd. and Smith will
probably make an eighth species to this genus when properly
examined.
Cult. The seeds of all the species should be reared on a
hot-bed ; and in the month of May, when the plants will have
obtained a considerable size, they may be planted out in the open
border, in a warm sheltered situation. The V. Capensis, being
a herbaceous perennial shrub, will require the treatment of other
green-house plants.
XIV. CRYPTOPE'TALUM (from KpvTrrog, cryptos, hidden,
and 7 reraXov, petalon, a petal ; petals minute, inclosed in the
calyx). Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 254.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Trigynia. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft,
green : segments ovate, acute, spreading. Petals 5, inserted in
the tube of the calyx, and alternating with its segments, inclosed,
minute, spatulate. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube of the calyx,
small, and almost inclosed, alternating with the petals ; filaments
filiform ; anthers minute, roundish, orange-coloured, 2-celled.
Ovarium subglobose, with the lower part adhering to the calyx :
upper part free, 1 -celled ; placentas free, parietal, linear, divari-
cately bilamellate, many ovulate ; ovula very slender, membra-
nous. Styles 3, short, hardly united at the base ; stigmas
minutely papillose. Capsule globose, inclosed in the perma-
nent calyx, 1 -celled, opening at the cells, and 3-valved in the
free part ; each of the valves terminated by a permanent style.
Seeds numerous, pale, oval, obtuse at both ends, dotted ; albu-
men thin, fleshy. Embryo straight, central. — A small annual
smooth herb, about half an inch high. Stems erect, dichoto-
mous, branched ; branches divaricate. Leaves alternate, spatu-
late, quite entire, fleshy, hardly nerved. Flowers terminal,
large for the size of the plant, emulating those of C/irysos-
jjlenium.
1 C. rusi'LLUM (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) ©. H. Native of
Chili, at Quintero. This curious plant is placed at the end of
Saxfragdcece, because it seems more nearly allied to that order
than to any other ; it agrees with Chrysosplenium in many par-
ticulars.
Small Cryptopetalum. PI. inch.
Cult. Sow the seed in a small pot filled with a mixture of
peat and sand.
Tribe II.
HYDRA'NGETE (plants agreeing with Hydrangea in being
shrubby). D. C. prod. 4. p. 13. Shrubs, with opposite simple
exstipulate leaves. Flowers disposed in corymbs, having 5
petals, 10 stamens, and 2-3 styles ; outer ones, and sometimes
all, are often sterile ; these sterile ones are more ample and
dilated than the fertile ones.
XV. HYDRA'NGEA (from bSiop, hydor, water, and ay-
yeiov, aggeion, a vessel ; some of the species grow in water, and
the capsule has been compared to a cup). Lin. gen. 557. Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 150. t. 30. f. 7. Lam. ill. t. 370. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 13. — Hydrangea and Hortensia, Juss.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Di-Trigynia. Flowers usually dif-
formed (f. 53. a. b.) ; but some of them are fertile and herma-
phrodite (f. 53. 6.). Tube of calyx hemispherical, 10-ribbed,
rather truncate, adnate to the ovarium : limb permanent, 5-
toothed (f. 53. 5.). Petals 5, regular. Stamens 10. Styles 2
(f. 53. c.), distinct. Capsule 2-celled, with introflexed valves,
crowned by the teeth of the calyx and styles (f. 53. b. c.), flat-
fish at the top, opening by a hole between the styles. Seeds
reticulated, numerous. — Shrubs, with opposite leaves. Flowers
corymbose, red or yellow, but usually white : the marginal ones
sterile, and large, in consequence of the teeth of the calyx being
dilated into broad petal-like coloured segments, the rest of the
flower having the other parts abortive.
* Species natives of America.
1 H. arbore'scens (Lin. spec. p. 568.) leaves ovate, rather
cordate : superior ones lanceolate, coarsely toothed, pale and
puberulous beneath ; corymbs flatfish; flowers nearly all fertile;
alabastra obtuse. Tj . H. Native from Pennsylvania to Vir-
ginia. Flowers white, small, having an agreeable odour.
Var. a, vulgaris (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 14.) nerves of
leaves puberulous. 1? . H. H. vulgaris, Michx. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 268. and probably of Pursh. H. arborescens, Curt. bot.
mag. 437. Lam. ill. t. 370. f. 1. Schkuhr, handb. t. 119. Mill,
fig. 251. H. frutescens, Moench, meth. 1. p. 106. Du Ham.
arb. 1. 1. 1 18.
Var. /3, discolor (Ser. 1. c.) leaves almost white beneath from
tomentum.
Arborescent Hydrangea. Fl.Jul. Aug. Clt. 1736. Sh.4to6ft.
2 H. corda'ta (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 309. exclusive of
the synonyme of Michx.) leaves broadly ovate, acuminated,
rather cordate at the base, coarsely toothed, glabrous beneath ;
flowers all fertile. Tj . H. Native of Carolina, on the moun-
tains, and on the banks of the Missouri above St. Louis. Wats,
dendr. brit. t. 42. Flowers small, white, sweet-scented. Ac-
cording to Torrey, this is merely a variety of H. arborescens.
Cordate- leaved Hydrangea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1806. Sh.
6 to 8 feet.
3 H. Peruvia'na (Moric. mss. rvith a figure, ex D.C. prod.
4. p. 14.) leaves oval, loosely serrated, coriaceous, reticulately
veined, glabrous, rusty beneath, at the nerves, and on the pe-
tioles ; young branches and peduncles clothed with purplish
tomentum ; outer flowers of the corymb large and sterile : inner
ones hermaphrodite and petandrous. . G. Native of Peru,
near Huyaquaquil. Perhaps a species of Cornidia, and pro-
bably C. Peruviana.
Peruvian Hydrangea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 H. nive a (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 268.) leaves cordate,
oval, acuminated, sharply toothed, clothed with white tomentum
beneath, or pubescence ; corymbs flatfish ; sepals of sterile
flowers entire ; alabastra depressed. Ij . H. Native of North
America, about the Savannah river. Wats. dend. brit. t. 43.
Lam. ill. t. 307. f. 2. H. radiata, Walt. fl. car. 251. ex Michx.
but not of Smith. Flowers white, rather large.
Var. (3, glabella (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 14.) leaves nearly
glabrous beneath ; flowers all fertile. I? . H. This variety has
probably originated from culture.
White-\eo.\e& Hydrangea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1786. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
SAXIFRAGACE.ZE. XV. Hydrangea.
233
5 H. quercifolia (Bartram, trav. ed. germ. p. 336. t. 7. ex
Willd. spec. 2. t. 634.) leaves large, ovate, sinuately lobed, and
toothed, pilose beneath ; corymbs rather panicled, flattish ; se-
pals of sterile flowers entire ; alabastra depressed. T? . H.
Native of Florida. Sims, hot. mag. t. 975. H. radiata, Smith,
icon. pict. p. 12. but not of Walt. Flowers white; sterile or
outer ones of the corymb large.
Oak-leaved Hydrangea. FI. June, Sept. Clt. 1 803. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
Species natives of Asia.
FIG. 53.
6 H. altissima (Wall. tent. fl. nep. 2. t. 50.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, serrated, smoothish ; corymbs flattish ; sterile
flowers few, on pilose peduncles ; alabastra of fertile flowers
conical. \ . F. Native of the mountains of Nipaul. Flowers
white ; sepals of sterile flowers obovate, very blunt, quite entire.
Styles 2, thick, diverging.
Tallest Hydrangea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
7 H. vestita (Wall. tent. fl.
nep. 2. t. 49.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, sharply ser-
rated, almost glabrous above, but
clothed with white tomentum be-
neath, as well as on the branches ;
corymbs flattish, large ; pedun-
cles villous ; sterile flowers fewr,
glabrous ; alabastra of fertile
flowers nearly globose. Tj • F.
Native of Nipaul, on the moun-
tains. Flowers white, rather large.
Sepals of sterile flowers serrated.
(f. 53.)
Var. a, integriloba (Ser. in D.
C. prod. 4. p. 14.) sepals of
sterile flowers obovate, reticu-
lated, quite entire. . F. Native
of Nipaul, at Kamaon.
Var. fifftmbriata (Wall. 1. c.) sepals of sterile flowers ovate,
acuminated, serrated. T? . F. Native of Nipaul, on the higher
mountains.
Clothed Hydrangea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
8 H. a'spera (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 211.)
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated, pubescent above,
but densely clothed beneath with hoary tomentum, as well as on
the branchlets ; corymbs panicled, diffuse ; peduncles villous ;
rays or sepals of sterile flowers ovate, mucronate, sharply ser-
rated, pubescent ; alabastra of fertile flowers globose. • F.
Native of Nipaul, in watery places at Narainhetty. Hortensia
aspera, Hamilt. Leaves a hand long, and 2\ inches broad.
Sterile flowers not near so large as those of the preceding spe-
cies, white.
Rough Hydrangea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Shrub.
9 H. oblongifolia (Blum, bijdr. p. 920.) leaves oblong,
acuminated, doubly toothed, glabrous above, but clothed with
white tomentum beneath, as well as on the branchlets ; corymbs
divaricate ; sepals of sterile flowers oval, glabrous, serrated ;
fertile flowers containing 3-4 styles. T? . G. Native of the
western parts of Java, in woods on the higher mountains. Very
like the two preceding species, but differs in the teeth of the
leaves being unequal, and not so sharp.
Oblong-leaved Hydrangea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
10 H. heteroma'lla (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 211.) leaves
oval, acuminated, sharply serrated, tomentose beneath, and
pilose ; corymbs supra-decompound, diffuse, pilose ; sepals of
sterile flowers roundish-oval, quite entire. . H. Native of
VOL. in.
Nipaul, at Gosainsthan. Leaves 5 inches long, and nearly 3
inches broad. Flowers white.
Variable-surf aced-\e&\e&. Hydrangea. Clt. 1821. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
11 H. anomala (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 21 1 .) leaves ovate,
acuminated, nearly naked, sinuately crenated ; petioles and
nerves pilose ; cymes terminal, hairy ; flowers uniform ; rays or
sepals of sterile flowers wanting. Vi . F. Native of Nipaul.
Leaves 4 inches long, rounded at the base ; petioles an inch
long. Flowers small. Styles very short, thick, recurved.
Anomalous Hydrangea. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
12 H. Horte'nsia (Sbld. in act. bonn. 14. p. 688. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 15.) leaves broadly ovate, serrated, acuminated ;
flowers disposed in ample corymbs or cymes, all difformed, with
4-5 segments ; segments obovate-roundish, quite entire ; fertile
flowers very few', containing 2-3 styles. f? . F. Native of
China and Japan, but now cultivated almost every where in gar-
dens for the sake of its beauty. Hortensia opuloides, Lam. diet.
3. p. 136. Dum. Cours. bot. cult. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 345. Duham.
ed. nov. 3. p. 97. t. 24. Hydrangea hortensis, Smith, icon,
pict. 1. t. 12. Curt. bot. mag. 438. Hortensia speciosa, Pers.
Primula mutabilis, Lour. coch. p. 104. Viburnum serratum,
Thunb. fl. jap. p. 124. ex Roem. et Schultes, or Viburnum to-
mentosum, Thunb. ex Curt, but the descriptions of neither of
these two plants agree with the present. The plant is called
Temerihana, i. e. globe-flow7er, by the Japanese ; and Fun-Dan
Krva by the Chinese. Flowers varying from rose-coloured to
blue according to the soil in which the plant is grown ; the
sterile flowers are nearly always 4-cleft ; but the fertile
flowers are small and perfect. The plant is much valued on
account of the great profusion of its very elegant flowers, which
are monstrous, in the same manner as the Snow-ball Guilder
Rose. It wras introduced by Sir Joseph Banks in 1790. The
plant was first called Peautia by Commerson, in honour of Dae
Hortense Lapeaute.
Hortensia’ s or Common Hydrangea. Fl. April, Sept. Clt.
1790. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
13 H. Azisa'i (Sbld. in act. bonn. 14. p. 689.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, attenuated at the base, crenately serrated ; flowers
disposed in cymes, difformed; corolline segments 4. \ . F.
Native of Japan, along with the preceding species. The cymes
of flowers are very ample. Flowers for the most part greenish,
rarely white. The plant is called Azisai by the Japanese, and
Zu-hats-sen by the Chinese. There is a variety of it with varie-
gated leaves, called Fiuri- Azisai by the Chinese.
Azisai Hydrangea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
14 H. Japonica (Sbld. 1. c. p. 689.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, finely and glandularly serrated, quite glabrous on
both surfaces ; cymes crowded ; flowers difformed ; corolline
segments 6-10, unequal, ovate-rhomboid. Tj . F. Native of
Japan, where it is called Kakoosu. An elegant shrub, cultivated
by the Japanese, about the size of the last.
Var. a ; flowers red. Benkaku.
V ar. /3 ; flowers grey. Konkaku.
Japan Hydrangea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
15 H. Thunbe'rgii (Sbld. 1. c. p. 690.) leaves oblong, ser-
rated, entire at the base, pale beneath ; cymes crowded ; flowers
difformed ; corolline segments 4-8, broadly obcordate, constantly
of a greyish lilac-colour. Tj . F. Native of Japan, on the
highest mountains. Viburnum serratum, Thunb. jap. p. 124.
H. serrata, D. C. prod. 4. p. 115. Shrub climbing. The plant
grows in the mountains of Aiva and Sonaki, w-here the natives
use the dried leaves instead of tea, and is called by them Amats-
ja, i. e. sweet tea ; and Do-Sioo-San by the Chinese. Accord-
ing to the Japanese, there is a variety with bitter leaves, which
they call Kakossoo.
H h
234
SAXIFRAGACEyE. XV. Hydrangea. XVI. Cornidia. XVII. Cianitis.
Thunberg’s Hydrangea. Shrub cl.
16 H. vi'rens (Sbld. 1. c. p. 690.) leaves ovate-oblong, acu-
minated, serrated at the apex, hispid above (Thunb.) ; cymes
stinted : flowers diflormed ; corolline segments 2-3, unequal,
white. Jj . F. Native of Japan, on the higher mountains,
among Azalias, Euryas, Andromedas, &c. H. scandens, D.
C. prod. 4. p. 15. Viburnum virens, Thunb. fl. jap. 123.
Viburnum scandens, Lin. fil. suppl. 184. Shrub 2 to 6 feet
high, rarely climbing. It is called by the Japanese Janratoosin.
Green Hydrangea. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
17 FI. panicula'ta (Sbld. 1. c. p. 691.) leaves elliptic, acu-
minated, glandularly toothed, scabrous, tern on the floriferous
branches ; panicle branched, rather secund ; flowers diflormed,
very numerous ; corolline segments 3-4, obovate, white. . F.
Native of Japan. Shrub climbing, 5 feet high. The plant is
called Tsurudemari by the Japanese, and Too-sinkjine by the
Chinese. There is a variety with very pale red flowers, culti-
vated near the town of Posaka, very like the species, but does
not climb, called Jamademai by the Japanese. Perhaps Vibur-
num plicatum, Thunb. is only a variety of H. paniculdta.
Pa?iicled-f[ owered Hydrangea. Shrub 5 feet.
18 H. involucra'ta (Sbld. 1. c. p. 691.) leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, glandularly serrated, reticulately veined, hispid on both
surfaces; cymes involucrated before flowering (involucrum ca-
ducous, 2-3-leaved), crowded ; flowers diflormed ; corolline
segments 8, nearly orbicular. T? . F. Native of Japan. Plant
suffruticose, hardly a foot high.
Far. a; corolla lilac. Gimbaisoo of the Japanese; culti-
vated near the town of Oosaka.
Far. [1 ; corolla yellow. Kinbaisoo of the Japanese.
Involucrated Hydrangea. Shrub 1 foot.
19 H. alternifoeia (Sbld. 1. c. p. 692.) leaves alternate ;
flowers cymose, polyandrous, diflormed ; corolline segments 2-6,
3 of which are constantly ovate and acute. T? . F. Native of
Japan, where it is called by the natives Kusasimots-Ke.
Alternate-leaved Hydrangea. Shrub 1 foot.
20 H. Sitsitan (Sbld. 1. c. p. 692.) leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, acutely serrated, with the veins pubescent beneath ;
flowers cymose, diflormed, double ; corolline segments elliptic,
of a fine rose-colour. T2 . F. Native of Japan. Shrub 2 feet
high. Cultivated about the town of Miako, where it is called
Sitsitan by the natives. Perhaps only a double flowering variety
of H. Hortensia.
Sitsitan Hydrangea. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
j- Species natives of Japan, but hardly known.
21 H. macrophy'lla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 15.) branchlets rather
pilose; leaves obovate, acuminated, sharply serrated, rather
pilose on both surfaces ; umbels terminal, compound, radiating.
1? . F. Native of Japan. Viburnum macrophyllum, Thunb.
fl. jap. 125.
Long-leaved Hydrangea. Shrub.
22 H. hi'rta (Sbld. ex flora, 1828. nov. 21.) leaves ovate,
serrated, villous ; petioles and peduncles hairy; umbels terminal,
not radiating ; stigmas 2-lobed. T? • F* Native of Japan. Vi-
burnum hirtum, Thunb. fl. jap. 124.
Hairy Hydrangea. Shrub.
Cult. The hardy species, or those natives of North America,
are dwarf shrubs, and therefore proper for the front of shrub-
beries. H. quercifolia does best against a south wall. Those
species natives of Asia will require protection in winter, either
by placing them in a frame or green-house. Cuttings of all the
species root readily if planted under a hand-glass. H. Hortensia
is in general cultivation for the sake of its showy flowers ; the
blue-flowered variety is in greatest request, which may be ob-
tained by planting out the common pink variety in a bed of peat
soil, and letting it remain there 2 or 3 years ; for the longer it
remains the deeper blue the flowers will become : the plants
may then be potted before the buds begin to burst, and they will
then flower in perfection, and the flowers will be of a beautiful
blue colour.
XVI. CORNTDIA (in honour of Joseph Cornide, a Spanish
naturalist). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 43.— Sarcostyles, Presl,
in reliq. Haenk. 2. p. 53. t. 6. D. C. prod. 4. p. 15.
Lin. syst. Octandria , Trigynia. Calyx superior, 4-toothcd,
equal, deciduous. Stamens 8 ; filaments linear : anthers ovate,
2- celled, dehiscing longitudinally inside. Ovarium inferior,
nearly globose, 3-celled, rarely 4-celled, many ovulate. Styles
3, rarely 4, thick, fleshy, at length divaricate ; stigmas obtuse,
oblique. Capsule nearly globose, crowned by the permanent
calyx and styles, dehiscing between the styles, 3-celled, rarely
4-celled, many seeded ; dissepiments entire, placentiferous.
Seeds cylindrical. — Shrubs, with glabrous opposite serrated
leaves, and involucrated cymes or corymbs of white flowers, with
the habit of Hydrangea.
1 C. Peruvia'na (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. c..) leaves oval or
obovate, acuminated or obtuse, coriaceous, serrated at the apex ;
corymbs terminal, many rayed, involucrated by 4 large decidu-
ous bracteas. fj . F. Native of Peru, on the mountains.
Sarcostyles Peruviana, Presl, in Haenk. reliq. 2. p. 54. t. 60.
Peruvian Cornidia. Shrub.
2 C. intege'rrima (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 254.)
leaves roundish-elliptic, glabrous, hardly acute at the base and
apex ; corymbs numerous, disposed in a terminal raceme, which
much exceeds the leaves. Fj . F. Native of Chili, about Val-
paraiso, and near Bustamente. Hydrangea scandens, Poepp. ex
D. C. prod. 4. p. 666.
Entire-leaved Cornidea. Shrub cl. ?
3 C. serratifolia (Hook, et Am. 1. c.) leaves obovate-ob-
long, acute, obtuse at the base, serrated upwards ; floral ones or
rameal ones smaller, ovate, with a few denticulations ; corymbs
numerous, disposed in a terminal raceme, which hardly exceeds
the leaves. Fj . F. Native of Chiloe. Closely allied to the
last species, but apparently distinct. Both, but especially the
present, have several decussate, patent, concave, stiff bracteas,
along the stalks of the corymbs.
San-leaved Cornidia. Shrub.
Cult. The culture and propagation of the species of Cornidia
are the same as that recommended for the species of Hydrangea.
They require to be protected in winter by placing them in a
frame or green-house.
XVII. CIANI'TIS (from icvaveog, kyaneos, blue ; colour of
berries). Reinw. in Blume, bijdr. p. 921. D. C. prod. 4. p. 16.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Tri-Pentagynia. Tube of calyx ad-
hering to the ovarium : limb 5-toothed. Petals 5, rather fleshy,
inserted in an epigynous disk. Stamens 10 ; anthers oblong,
erect, dehiscing at the sides. Styles 3-5, spreading : stigmas ob-
tuse, adnate. Berry crowned by the teeth of the calyx, half
3- 5-celled, many seeded ; dissepiments incomplete, indexed,
fleshy, seminiferous. — A subshrub, with opposite, petiolate, ob-
long-lanceolate, smoothish leaves, which are serrated from the
middle to the apex ; and panicled terminal cymes of flowers,
with trifid branches.
1 C. sylva'tica (Reinw. 1. c.) cymes nearly undivided, on
short peduncles, disposed in a coarctate panicle, fj . S. Native
of Java, on the mountains, where it is called by the natives
Tisere-gil-gil. Flowers probably white.
Far. /3, paniculdta (Blum, mss.) cymes branched, on long
peduncles, disposed in an elongated panicle. Ij . S. Native of
Java, Perhaps distinct from the species.
SAXIFRAGACE7E. XVIII. Adamia.
XIX. Broussaisia. UMBELLIFER^.
235
Var. y, corymbosa (Blum, mss.) cymes branched, on long
peduncles, disposed in somewhat fastigiate corymbs. . S.
Native of Java. Perhaps a proper species.
Wood Cianitis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit these
plants ; and cuttings will root readily in the same kind of soil,
under a hand-glass.
XVIII. ADA'MIA (in honour of John Adam, some time
Governor-General of India ; a promoter of natural history).
Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 4G. t. 36. D. C. prod. 4. p. 16.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Pentagynia. Tube of calyx adnate to
the ovarium ; limb with 5 short teeth, having the recesses between
the teeth broad and obtuse. Petals 5, alternating with the teeth
of the calyx, surrounding the top of the ovarium. Stamens 10.
Styles 5, ending in rather clavate, somewhat 2-lobed stigmas.
Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx, somewhat 5-celled,
many seeded. Embryo terete, straight, in a fleshy albumen,
with the radicle turned towards the hilum. — A smooth branched
shrub. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, petiolate, oblong-lanceo-
late, serrated. Panicle corymbose, terminal, many flowered.
Flowers bluish. Berries blue. Perhaps not distinct from
Cianitis.
1 A. cyan^'a (Wall. 1. c.) T? . G. Native of Nipaul, in
rocky places, on mountains near the Great Valley, where it is
called Bansook by the natives. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3046. Wall,
pi. rar. asiat. 3. t. 213.
Blue- berried Adamia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
Cult. See Cianitis above for culture and propagation.
XIX. BROUSSAI'SIA (in honour of the celebrated M.
Broussais, M.D. author of physiological medicine). Gaud, in
Freyc. voy. t. 69. D. C. prod. 4. p. 17.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, hemis-
pherical, distinct from the ovarium : lobes ovate -deltoid, blunt-
ish, equal. Petals oblong, acuminated, with a reflexed point
(nearly as in umbelliferous plants) twice the length of the calyx,
valvate in aestivation. Stamens 10, hypogynous, surrounding
the base of the ovarium ; filaments subulate, distinct ; anthers
ovate. Ovarium roundish, crowned by the short style and trun-
cate stigma, 5-celled ; cells many seeded. — A shrub, with op-
posite oval petiolate sharply serrated leaves, and corymbs of
fertile flowers. The shrub has the habit of Hydrangea, but
differs in the ovarium being distinct from the calyx, in the style
being short and solitary, not 2-3, and in the fruit being 5-
celled.
1 B. argu'ta (Gaud. 1. c.) • G. Native of the Sandwich
Islands, at the altitude of from 1200 to 1500 feet above the level
of the sea. A middle-sized tree.
/SViarp-serrated-leaved Broussaisia. Tree.
Cult. See Cianitis above for culture and propagation.
Order CXXIII. UMBELLIFERiE (from umbella, an
umbel, and fero, to bear ; this order contains only umbelliferous
plants, such as the parsnip, celery, parsley, hemlock, carrot,
coriander, &c.). Juss. gen. 218. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 279. prop,
med. ed. 2. p. 159. Spreng. umb. prod. 1813. and Rcem. et
Schultes, syst. 6. (1820.) p. 29. Hoffin. gen. umb. ed. 1st.
1814. ed. 2d. 1816. Vela and Lag. am. nat. esp. 2. 1821. p.
61. Lag. ibid. p. 87. and obs. aparas. 1826. (in ocios.) Kock,
umb. disp. in nov. act. bonn. 1824. vol. 12. p. 1. and p. 55.-
156. and the same in litt. 1828. D. C. coll. diss. mem. 5. with
19 plates. D. C. prod. 4. p. 55. — Umbellatae, Tourn. inst.
304. Lin. prael. ed gis. p. 508. Adans. fam. pi. 2. p. 89. ex-
clusive of some genera. Cusson, mem. soc. med. par. 1782. —
Sciadophytum, Nect. elem. 1. p. 162.
Calyx with the tube adhering to the ovarium (f. 55. F. h. f.
55. C. e .) ; limb 5-toothed (f. 55. F. c.), or entire (f. 55. G.f.) :
lobes or teeth deciduous or permanent. Petals 5 (f. 57. c. f.
59. g.), inserted in the top of the tube of the calyx, and altern-
ating with its lobes, either entire (f. 57. c.), emarginate (f. 61.
b.), or 2-lobed, sometimes plain at the apex, but usually drawn
out into a replicate or involute point (f. 6 1 . f. f. 63. e. f. 55.C.i.),
somewhat imbricate in aestivation, rarely valvate ; the outer
flowers of the umbel or ray of the umbel sometimes larger than
the rest, the rest equal among themselves, rarely abortive.
Stamens 5 (f. 55. C. b. &c.), alternating with the petals, and
inserted along with them, and therefore opposite the calycine
teeth or lobes, always distinct, replicate in aestivation (f. 59. g.
&c.) ; anthers ovate, 2-celled, somewhat didymous, opening by
a double longitudinal chink. Ovarium inferior, 2-celled (f. 55.
E. c. f. 55. D. d. &c.), (very rarely, and probably from abor-
tion, 1-celled), adnate to the calyx; styles 2, distinct (f. 55.
F. i. f. 55. G. i. f. 59. e. & c.), when young erect, but at length
thickened at the base into stylopodium(f. 64. a.), which covers the
whole disk, forming a sort of crown to the fruit, diverging more
or less, usually permanent, the outer one directed to the outside
of the umbel, and the inner one tending to the centre.
Fruit (called Diachce'na, Polachce'na, and Cremocarp by many
botanists) consisting of 2 carpella (called mericarps because
(f. 55. D. d. f. 56. C. li. &c.) they adhere to the calyx
the half of their length, and therefore cannot be carpella or
achenia in the strict sense of those terms), separable from a
common axis (called a carpophore'), to which (f. 56. G. a.
f. 56. C. a. b. &c.) they adhere by their face (called the com-
missure) ; the fruit or cremocarp traversed by 10 elevated pri-
mary ridges, of which the 5 that represent the middle of the
sepals are called carinal, because they are drawn out into caly-
cine teeth at the apex : the other 5, alternating with the first-
named ones are called sutural, because they indicate the sutures
where the divisions of the calyx are joined, and therefore tend
to the recesses between the calycine teeth ; besides these there
are others which are apparent in some called secondary, because
they alternate with the 10 primary nerves, and therefore indicate
the sides of the divisions of the calyx ; all the sutural, carinal,
and secondary ribs are either filiform, winged, or crested ;
these ridges or nerves are separated by channels or furrows
called valleculae, below which, but usually in the channels,
are placed in the substance of the pericarp, certain linear recep-
tacles of coloured oily matter, called vittce, which are directed
from the apex to the base : they are solitary, twin, or numerous,
rarely wanting, and sometimes they are inclosed in a proper
membrane, which is probably a true pericarp. Seeds solitary in
each carpel, hanging from the top of the axis or carpophore,
inclosed in a proper membrane, the spermaderm, which is
but rarely separable from the pericarp. Albumen large,
fleshy, or rather horny, more or less convex on the out-
h h 2
236
UMBELLIFERAL
side. Embryo minute, banging from the top of the carpophore,
and therefore the radicle is superior ; cotyledons 2, oblong,
changing into seminal leaves through germination. — Herbs or
subshrubs. Roots various, but often fusiform. Stems cylin-
drical or angular, simple or branched, annual or perennial, with
the bark or skin usually full of aromatic resinous gum ; medulla
in some, as in Ferula, large, with medullary fibres in its sub-
stance, similar to the stems of monocotyledonous plants. Leaves
alternate, very rarely opposite, except the seminal ones, usually
divided into various segments ; petioles usually sheathing at the
base : in some, as in the genus Bupleiirum, the petioles are
changed into phyllodia, as in the section of Acdcia called Phyl-
lodtnece. Flowers umbellate, white, yellow, pink, or blue, often
with either the styles or stamens abortive, monoecious, dioecious,
or polygamous, and some of them sterile. Umbeb usually per-
fect, both general and partial, in both the rays are numerous,
the general umbel usually surrounded by an involucrum, and the
partial ones by an involucel.
FIG. 54.
tanum, are wholesome articles of food. The fruit, vulgarly
called the seeds, is in no case dangerous, and is usually a warm
and agreeable aromatic, as caraway, coriander, dill, anise, &c.
From the stem, when wounded, sometimes flows a stimulant,
tonic, aromatic, gum-resinous concretion, of much use in medi-
cine ; as opopanax, which is produced from Opopanax Chirdnium
in the Levant, and assafcetida from the Ferula of that name in
Persia. Gum ammoniac is obtained from Dorema Ammonia-
cum. It is a gum resin of a pale yellow colour, having a
faint, but not unpleasant, smell, with a bitter nauseous taste.
Internally applied, it is a valuable deobstruent, and expectorant.
It is said by Dr. Paris to be, in combination with rhubarb, a
useful medicine in mesenteric affections, by correcting viscid
secretions. (Ainslie 1. p. 160.) The substance called galbanum
is produced by Galbanum officindle, a plant of this order.
It is a stimulant of the intestinal canal and uterus, and is
found to allay that nervous irritability, which often accom-
panies hysteria. (Ainslie 1. p. 143.). AEthusa cynapium has
been found by Professor Ficinus, of Dresden, to contain a pe-
culiar alkali, which he calls Cynapia. (Turner, p. 654.) The
fruit of Ligusticum Ajawain of Roxb. the Ptycholis Ajowan of
D. C. is prescribed in India in diseases of horses and cows.
(Ainslie i. p. 38.) The Prdngos pabularia is a valuable fodder-
plant in Thibet.
Synopsis of the genera.
Suborder I. Orthospe'rmjE. Albumen flat or flattish in-
side, neither involute nor convolute.
Umbelliferce hardly differs from Aralidcece, the next order.
With Saxifragdcece it agrees in habit, if Hydrocotyle is compared
with Chrysosplenium, and if the sheathing and divided leaves of
the two orders are considered. To Geraniacece, De Candolle
remarks, that they are allied in consequence of the cohesion of
the carpella around a woody axis, and of the umbellate flowers,
which grow opposite the leaves, and also because tbe affinity of
Geraniacece to Vitis, and of the latter to Aralidcece, is not to
be doubted. The arrangement of this order has only within a
few years arrived at any very definite state ; the characters upon
which genera and tribes could be formed, were for a long while
unsettled ; it is, however, now generally admitted, that the num-
ber and developement of the ribs of the fruit, the presence or
absence of the reservoirs called vittae, and the form of the albu-
men, are the leading peculiarities, which require to be attended
to. The plants are chiefly extra-tropical, inhabiting groves,
thickets, plains, marshes, and waste places.
The properties of this order require to be considered under
two points of view ; firstly, those of the vegetation ; and se-
condly those of the fructification. The character of the former
generally is suspicious, and often poisonous in a high degree ;
as in the case of hemlock, fool' s-parsley, water -hemlock, and
others, which are deadly poison. Nevertheless, the blanched
petioles and stems of celery, the leaves of parsley and samphire,
the roots of skirret, the carrot, the parsnip, the arracacha, and
the tubers of CEnanthe pimpinelloides, and Bunium bulbocds-
§ 1. Umbels simple or imperfect.
Tribe I.
Fruit destitute of vittae.
Hydrocoty'le;e. Fruit contracted from the sides ; mericarps
convex or acute on the back : with the 5 primary ribs at length
obsolete : lateral ones marginating or in the commissure, which
is flat ; intermediate usually more than carinal. Petals entire.
1 Hydrocotyle. Margin of calyx obsolete ; and the tube
ratber compressed. Petals ovate, with a straight point. Fruit
biscutate. Mericarps with 5 filiform ribs : carinal and lateral
ones often obsolete : the 2 intermediate ones joined. — Involu-
crum few-leaved.
2 Cra'ntzia. Tube of calyx subglobose ; limb very short,
hardly any. Petals roundish, obtuse. Fruit roundish. Meri-
carp unequal, with 3-5 filiform ribs. Vittae 1 in each furrow
and 2 in the commissure. — Involucrum 5-6-leaved.
3 Djmetopia. Teeth of calyx obsolete. Petals oval-oblong.
Styles short. Fruit didymous. Mericarps somewhat contracted
at the commissure, unequal, one muricated with tubercles, and
the other echinated with conical prickles. — Involucrum of 5
linear leaves.
4 Erige'nia. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals equal, obo*
vate. Styles long. Fruit oval, laterally compressed. Meri-
carps gibbously convex, marked by 3 stripes. Commissure nar-
row, flat. — Umbels imperfect. True involucrum none, but in
place of it there is a multifid leaf, Involucels of a few unequal
leaflets.
UMBELLIFER/E.
237
5 Micropleu'ra. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals equal,
acute. Fruit deeply 2-lobed at the base, and emarginate at the
apex ; mericarps obliquely ovate, 7-ribbed ; ribs curvi-linear,
ventricose at the base, marginal 2 straight. Commissure narrow.
6 Didi'scus. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals oval, blunt-
ish, imbricate in aestivation (f. 57. c.). Fruit didymous, emar-
ginate at the base. Mericarps rough from pilose strigae, 5-
ribbed : 2 middle ribs approximating the commissure. — Invo-
lucrum of many leaves which are concrete at the base (f. 57. a.).
7 Trachyme'ne. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ellip-
tic, acutish, somewhat valvate in aestivation. Fruit didymous.
Mericarps gibbously convex, 5-ribbed : the 3 dorsal ribs and
the furrows between them muricated : and the 2 lateral ones
marginating. — Umbels compound. Involucrum of many leaves.
8 Astrotricha. Margin of calyx hardly 5-toothed. Petals
oval, acutish, permanent (f. 58. b.), velvety on the outside from
stellate down. Styles thickened at the base (f. 58. c.). Mericarps
contracted at the commissure, having 3 primary dorsal ribs, and
2 acute nearly obsolete marginating ones, and 4 secondary ones.
Commissure furnished with 2 vittas, which are covered by a
spongy pellicle, but none in the furrows. — Involucrum of a few
linear leaves.
9 Xanthosia. Margin of calyx 5-lobed. Petals stipitate,
oval, cuspidate and replicate at the apex. Styles filiform, rising
from the base of the stylopodium on the inside. Fruit com-
pressed. Mericarps contracted at the commissure, with 7-9
filiform ribs : 2 lateral ribs marginating.
10 Bowle'sia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ; tube compres-
sedly somewhat tetragonal. Petals elliptic, entire, acute. Fruit
ovate, much contracted at the raphis, turgid, somewhat tetra-
gonal, flatfish on both sides at the back. Mericarps marked with
an oval impression on the back, having 5 obsolete ribs : 2 lateral
ribs flat, seated in the commissure.
11 Fragosa. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent. Pe-
tals oval. Fruit didymous. Mericarps somewhat compressed
from the back, and contracted at the commissure, having filiform
ribs. — Involucrum equal in length to the pedicels.
12 Azore'lla. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent.
Petals oval. Fruit ovate, contracted at the raphis, and rather
compressed from the back. Mericarps semi-ovate, having the ribs
hardly evident. — Involucrum about equal in length to the pe-
dicels.
13 Pectophy'tum. Margin of calyx entire. Petals unequal,
with an acute inflexed point. Fruit ovate- elliptic ; mericarps
rather convex on the back, semi-oval, having 5 filiform ribs ;
commissure flatfish. — Flowers in crowded fascicles at the tops
of the branches, solitary in the axils of the bracteas.
Tribe II.
Muline/E. Mericarps contracted at the commissure, fiat or
fiattish on the back, without vittce, hence the fruit is square or
parallelly biscutate. Petals entire.
14 Bolax. Margin of calyx entire. Petals oval. Fruit
tetragonal ; mericarps with 5 nerve-formed ribs, 1 dorsal, and
the 2 middle ones form the corners of the angles of the fruit, and
the 2 inner ones are filiform; commissure very narrow. — Invo-
lucrum of 4 leaves, equal in length to the pedicels.
15 Mulinum. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent. Pe-
tals oval-oblong, acute. Fruit 4-winged ; mericarps furnished
with 5 ribs : middle one dorsal : 2 lateral ones nerve-formed :
2 intermediate ones expanded into lateral ample wings. — Invo-
lucrum of many leaves, shorter than the pedicels.
16 Lare'tia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ovate,
entire. Fruit elliptic, square, flatly compressed from the back ;
mericarps lenticular, with dorsal ribs and 2 lateral marginal ones,
destitute of vittae. Seed flat.
17 Dru'sa. Margin of calyx entire. Petals oval. Meri-
carps furnished w ith 5 ribs : the dorsal one and the 2 inner ones
linear and hardly prominent : but the 2 intermediate ones are
drawn out into marginal wings, which are repandly sinuated,
having the angles expanding in a stellate tuft of uncinate spi-
nules. — Involucrum wanting.
18 Huana'ca. Margin of calyx hardly 5-toothed, Petals
lanceolate. Fruit ovate, acutish ; mericarps flat and furrowed
on the inside, but convex on the back, and furnished with 3
elevated lines. Carpophore bifid. — Involucrum of many leaves.
19 Diposis. Margin of calyx bluntly 5-toothed. Petals oval.
Fruit orbicular, constituting 2 parallel disks (f. 55. A. b.) ; commis-
sure narrow ; mericarps having 5 ribs : dorsal one filiform : 2
lateral ones hidden : and the 2 middle ones girding the disk ;
furrows broad and flat. — Umbels compound.
20 Spana'nthe. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ellip-
tic, acutish, with a straight point. Fruit ovate, much compressed
at the rachis ; mericarps having 5 slender equal ribs : 3 inter-
mediate ones dorsal : and the 2 lateral ones seated in the flat
commissure. — Umbels rather compound. Involucrum of many
leaves.
21 Homaloca'rpus. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ; teeth su-
bulate. Petals ovate, concave. Fruit roundish-ovate; meri-
carps having 5 filiform ribs, hidden in the substance of the peri-
carp, 1 dorsal : 2 lateral ones near the rachis : 2 middle ones
forming the angles.
22 Pozoa. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent. Fruit
prismatic, tetragonal, 5-ribbed, emarginate at the apex ; meri-
carps concave and channelled on the back ; ribs lateral, dense,
straight. — Involucrum crenately lobed, obsoletely toothed.
23 Asteri'scium. Calyx 5-toothed, permanent ; teeth ovate.
Petals emarginate, with an inflexed point and a callous recess.
Fruit compressed, tetragonally prismatic ; mericarps with 5 ribs :
the 2 intermediate ribs expanded into wings : the carinal one and
the 2 placed near the raphis stripe-formed ; commissure very
narrow. — Involucrum of many leaves.
Tribe III.
Sanicu lete. Fruit ovate- globose. Mericarps destitute of vit-
tce, with 5 primary ribs ; secondary ribs wanting or obliterated
by being covered with scales. Petals erect, emarginate, from
being bent back from the middle by a point.
238
UMBELLIFERiE.
24 Actinotus. Tube of calyx contracted at the apex; limb
5-lobed : lobes oval-oblong. Petals wanting. Styles thick-
ened and villous at the base. Fruit ovate, crowned by the lobes
of the calyx, villous, 5-striped. — Involucrum of many radiating
leaves, which are longer than the flowers.
25 Peta'gnia. Flowers dioecious, having the calyxes dif-
ferent in the distinct sexes. Styles filiform. Fruit ovate, com-
pressed, 8-nerved, vacant inside, 1-seeded. — Umbellules 3-
flowered : central flower hermaphrodite, sessile : lateral ones male,
pedicellate ; pedicels rather concrete at the base, with the calyx
of the female flower.
2G Sani'cula. Tube of calyx echinated ; lobes foliaceous
(f. 59. c.), permanent. Petals connivent, obovate, emarginate,
with an inflexed point (f. 59. g.). Fruit nearly globose, echi-
nated ; carpophore not distinct. — Umbels compound. Leaves
of involucrum few, divided ; of the involucel numerous, linear.
27 Hacque'tia. Tube of calyx 10-ribbed ; lobes foliaceous,
permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, with a bent in point.
Fruit contracted from the sides; mericarps gibbously convex ;
ribs 5, filiform, with a deep channel on the inside. — Involucrum
of 5-6 obovate toothed leaves, which are longer than the umbel.
28 Astran'tia. Tube of calyx 10-ribbed, tuberculately pli-
cate ; lobes 5, foliaceous. Petals erect, connivent, oblong-obo-
vate, with an infracted point. Fruit rather compressed from the
back ; mericarps with 5 elevated, obtuse, plicately toothed, in-
flated ribs, inclosing in the cavity a smaller fistular rib. Car-
pophore not distinct — Involucrum variable : involucel of many
leaflets.
29 Alepi'dea. Tube of calyx minutely tubercular. Petals
inflexed. Mericarps without ribs, and without vittae. Carpo-
phore adnate the whole length of the seeds. — Habit of Eryngium,
but the umbels are like those of Astrantia.
30 Horsfie'ldia. Margin of calyx quite entire. Petals
ovate, cuspidate, flat. Fruit compressed, villous ; mericarps 3-
ribbed on the back. — A prickly shrub. Umbels capitate, ses-
sile ; receptacle chaffy. Involucrum of many leaves.
31 Ery'ngium. Tube of calyx rough from scales or vesi-
cles ; lobes foliaceous. Petals erect, connivent, oblong-obovate,
emarginate, with an infracted point. Fruit obovate, scaly, or
tubercular ; mericarps semi-terete, without ribs, and without
vittae; carpophore adnate its whole length to the seeds. — Flowers
crowded into dense heads ; the lower bracteas forming an invo-
lucrum to them.
32 Actina'nthus. Flowers monoecious : female ones capi-
tate : male ones in capitate umbels, with the receptacle destitute
of paleae. Teeth of calyx permanent. Petals oblong, compli-
cated at the apex, and rather cirrhose. Fruit compressed from
the sides ; mericarps with 5 alternate, stronger, sutural ribs ;
vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Carpophore
adnate. — Involucra wanting ; involucels of many leaves.
§ 2. Umbels compound or perfect. Vittce on the fruit va-
riable, rarely wanting.
* Fruit having only primary ribs present.
Tribe IV.
Ammi'ne.e. Fruit compressed from the sides or didymous; meri-
carps with 5 filiform ribs, which at length become a little winged :
lateral ones marginating, all equal. Seeds terete or gibbously
convex, Jlattish in front.
33 Ru'mia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ovate, en-
tire, with a short, coarctate, incurved point. Fruit roundish or
ovate, plicately wrinkled ; mericarps solid, with 5 thick, very
obtuse, twisted plicate ribs, covering the furrows, which are
ornamented with plicate tubercles, and furnished with 1 vittae
each. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucrum wanting or few-
leaved ; involucels of 3-8 leaves. Flowers yellow.
34 Cicu'ta. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, foliaceous. Petals
obcordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit roundish, contracted
from the sides ; mericarps with 5 flattish ribs, having the furrows
between the ribs furnished with 1 vittae each, and the commis-
sure 2 vittae ; vittae filling the furrows, a little more elevated
than the ribs, all concealed under a loose membrane. Carpophore
bipartite. — Involucrum wanting, or few leaved ; involucels of
many leaves.
35 Zi'zia. Margin of calyx obsolete, or with 5 very short
teeth. Petals elliptic, tapering into a long inflexed acumen.
Fruit contracted from the sides, roundish or oval ; ribs filiform,
rather prominent ; furrows furnished with 1 vittae each, and the
commissure with 2 ; carpophore bipartite. — Involucrum w'anting;
Involucel of few leaves, variable. Flowers yellow, rarely white
or dark purple.
36 Pentacry'pta. Calyx unknown. Petals equal, lanceo-
late, with an inflexed point. Fruit oblong-elliptic ; the 3 dorsal
ribs elevated, acute ; furrows furnished with 1 vitta each. Al-
bumen with 5 roundish angles. Flowers polygamous, dark
purple.
37 A'pium. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire. Stylopodium depressed. Fruit roundish, contracted from
the sides ; ribs filiform ; furrows furnished with 1 vitta : outer
ones with 2-3 vittae. Carpophore undivided. — Involucrum and
involucel wanting. Flowers greenish white.
38 Petroseli'num. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals
roundish, incurved, hardly emarginate, with an inflexed point at
the apex. Stylopodium short, conical, subcrenulated. Styles
diverging. Fruit ovate, contracted from the sides ; ribs filiform ;
furrows furnished with 1 vitta each, and the commissure with 2.
Carpophore bipartite. — Involucrum few-leaved, and the invo-
lucel of many leaves. Flowers white or greenish.
39 Weydle'ria. Margin of calyx obsolete (f. 60. a.). Petals
ovate-lanceolate, entire, with an incurved point (f. 60. c.). Fruit
ovate, crowned by the short stylopodium and reflexed styles
(f. 60. b.). Mericarps somewhat semi-terete, with contracted
margins ; ribs filiform, bluntish ; furrows broad, furnished with
1 vitta each, and the commissure with 2. — Involucrum wanting,
or of 1 leaf ; involucel of many leaves. Flowers white.
40 Tri'nia. Margin of calyx obsolete. Flowers usually
dioecious from abortion. Petals of the male flowers lanceolate,
UMBELLIFERiE.
ending in an involute point ; of the hermaphrodite flowers
ovate, with a short inflexed point. Fruit ovate ; ribs filiform,
rather prominent ; furrows without vittae, or furnished with 1
vitta each. Carpophore flat, bipartite from the base. — Umbels
disposed in a panicle or thyrse, without any involucra ; involu-
cels usually wanting.
41 Heloscia'dium. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, or obsolete.
Petals ovate, entire, with a straight or inflexed point. Styles
short. Fruit ovate or oblong ; ribs filiform, rather pro-
minent ; furrows furnished with 1 vitta each. Carpophore en-
tire. Involucra variable in the different sections.
42 Discopleu'ra. Teeth of calyx 5, subulate, permanent
(f. 61. e.). Petals ovate, emarginate (f. 61. b.), with a replicate
point (f. 61. /.). Fruit ovate (f. 61. c.). Three dorsal ribs
filiform, exserted, and acutish : 2 lateral ones somewhat con-
crete with the thick accessory margin, forming a disk on both sides
of the fruit ; furrows furnished with 1 vitta each. Carpophore
bifid. — Involucels of a few linear setaceous leaflets (f. 61. g.).
43 Leptocau'lis. Margin of calyx obsolete (f. 62. a.).
Petals elliptic, entire. Styles permanent. Fruit ovate (f. 62. a.) ;
ribs hardly prominent ; furrows furnished with 1 vitta. Car-
pophore bifid at the very apex. — Involucra wanting ; involucels
short, few-leaved.
44 Ptycho'tis. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate,
bifidly emarginate, furnished by a transverse plait in the middle,
which emits a little segment. Fruit ovate or oblong ; ribs fili-
form ; furrows furnished with 1 vitta each. Carpophore bipar-
tite.— Involucrum variable ; involucels of many leaves.
45 Falca'ria. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ; tube wanting in
the sterile flowers, but cylindrical in the fertile ones. Petals
obovate, curved, having a broad emarginate recess, with a re-
flexed point. Styles divaricate. Fruit oblong ; ribs filiform ;
carpophore distinct, bifid ; furrows furnished with 1 filiform vitta
each. — Involucrum of many leaves. Involucel somewhat di-
midiate from the inner leaflets being small on one side.
46 Si'son. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
curved, deeply emarginate, with an inflexed point. Styles very
short. Fruit ovate; ribs filiform; vittae 1 in each furrow,
short, rather club-shaped ; carpophore bipartite. — Involucra and
involucels of few leaves.
47 Schu'ltzia. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals elliptic,
with a short inflexed point. Stylopodium conical. Styles erect,
somewhat capitate at the apex, permanent. Fruit cylindrically
prismatic ; ribs filiform ; vittae 1 in each furrow. Carpophore
undivided. — Involucra and involucels of many multifid leaves.
48 A'mmi. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, with
an inflexed point, emarginately 2-lobed ; lobes unequal, irre-
gular ; those on the outside of the umbels the largest. Fruit
ovate-oblong ; ribs filiform ; vittae 1 in each furrow. Carpo-
phore distinct, 2-parted. — Involucra of many trifid or pinna-
tifid leaves ; involucels of many leaves.
49 ^Egopo'dium. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate.
| emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium distinct, coni-
i cal, terminated by the long deflexed styles. Fruit ovate; ribs
239
filiform ; furrows without vittae ; carpophore setaceous, forked
at the apex. — Involucra and involucels wanting.
50 Ca'rum. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals regular, obo-
vate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium de-
pressed; styles deflexed. Fruit ovate or oblong, contracted from
the sides ; ribs filiform ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the
commissure, which is flat ; carpophore distinct, forked at the
apex. — Involucra and involucels variable in the different spe-
cies.
51 ChaMjEscia'dium. Margin of calyx toothed a little. Pe-
tals ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, with an oblique or inflexed
point. Stylopodium depressed ; styles at length deflexed. Fruit
ovate-oblong ; mericarps solid ; ribs filiform ; vittae 3-4 in each
furrow', and 4-6 in the commissure ; carpophore adnate, bifid at
the apex. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
52 Bu'nium. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit linear-oblong ; ribs
filiform, obtuse ; vittae 2-3 in each furrow', and 4 in the com-
missure, all superficial. Carpophore distinct, bifid. — Involu-
cra variable in the different species ; involucels of few leaves.
53 CryptoTje'nia. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obo-
vate, nearly entire, narrowed into an inflexed point. Fruit con-
tracted from the sides, linear-oblong, crowned by the short stylo-
podium and straight styles ; ribs filiform, obtuse: 2 lateral ones
placed in front of the margins ; vittae numerous in the furrows,
covered by a corky pericarp, and are not visible, unless when
the pericarps are cut transversely. — Involucra wanting ; invo-
lucels few-leaved.
54 Pimpine'lla. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit ovate, contracted from
the sides, crowned by the cushion-like stylopodium and styles,
which are reflexed and somewhat capitate at the apex : ribs fili-
form ; vittae numerous on the furrows ; carpophore distinct,
bifid. — Involucra and involucels wanting.
55 Si'um. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, but at length obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopo-
dium pulvinate, with a depressed margin. Styles divergingly
reflexed, somewhat capitate at the apex. Fruit compressed or
contracted from the sides, crowned by the stylopodium and styles ;
ribs filiform, bluntish ; vittae many, both in the furrows and
commissure. Carpophore bipartite, having the mericarps ad-
hering to its parts. — Involucra of many leaves, rarely of 1 leaf;
involucels of many leaves.
56 Bupleu'rum. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire, closely involute, ending in a broad retuse segment. Fruit
crowned by the depressed stylopodium ; ribs winged, acute, fili-
form, or obsolete ; furrows either with or without vittae, smooth
or granular. —Involucra variable in the different species. Flowers
white, yellow, and greenish.
57 Heteromorpha. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
roundish, entire, closely involute, ending in a broad retuse point.
Fruit obovately pear-shaped, 3 winged ; mericarps of 2 forms :
outer one 2-winged : inner one 3-winged ; the wings running
from the teeth of the calyx ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in
1
240
UMBELLIFERiE.
the commissure. — A shrub with yellow flowers and ternate leaves.
Involucra and involucels of many short leaves.
Tribe V.
Seseli'nea:. Fruit terete, or nearly so, with a transverse
section; or the mericarps are rather compressed on the hack,
with 5 filiform or winged ribs : the lateral ones marginating,
equal to the others, or broader. Seeds teretely convex on the
back. Raphe marginal or submarginal.
58 Lichtenstei'nia. Margin of calyx acutely 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, with a long, inflexed point. Fruit nearly terete,
crowned by the conical stylopodium and short styles ; ribs fili-
form, equal ; vittae large solitary under the ribs, but none
in the furrows nor commissure. — Involucra and involucels of
many short leaves. Flowers yellow.
59 Ottoa. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals equal, with
an inflexed subulate point. Styles arched, capitate at the
apex. Fruit oblong, rather compressed at the commissure ;
ribs membranous. — Involucra and involucels none. Flowers
polygamous.
60 CEna'nthe. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopo-
dium conical. Fruit cylindrically ovate, crowned by the long
erect styles ; ribs rather convex, obtuse, marginating ones rather
the broadest ; vittae 1 in each furrow ; carpophore indistinct. — -
Involucra variable in the different species, sometimes wanting ;
involucels of many leaves.
61 Annesorhi'za. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, permanent.
Petals elliptic, with an inflexed point. Fruit prismatically quad-
rangular, crowned by the calyx and reflexed styles ; mericarps
of 2 forms, one 3-winged, and the other 4-winged from the ribs;
vittae 1 in each furrow and 2 in the commissure. Carpophore
bipartite. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
62 Sceeroscia'dium. Calycine teeth 5, conical, permanent
(f. 56. F. h.). Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point (f. 56.
F. b.), which is bi or tridentate at the apex. Stylopodium
conical ; styles filiform (f. 56. F. e.). Fruit ovate-globose, solid
(f. 56. F. g. h.); ribs much elevated, bluntish, equal; vittae 1
in each furrow and 2 in the commissure ; carpophore distinct,
undivided (f. 56. F. k.). — Involucra almost wanting; involucels
of 5-7 leaves.
63 Dasyloma. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals unknown.
Stylopodium depressed ; styles short. Fruit ovate; mericarps
not separating at maturity ; ribs corky, cellular : 3 dorsal ones
small : 2 lateral ones large and obtuse ; furrows narrow, and
furnished with 1 vitta each, but the commissure is flat, and fur-
nished with 2 ; carpophore indistinct. — Involucra and involucels
wanting.
64 Cynoscia'dium. Calycine teeth 5 (f. 63. c.), subulate,
permanent. Petals obovate, or nearly elliptic, entire, with an
inflexed point (f. 63. e.). Stylopodium conical ; styles short,
reflexed (f. 63. d.). Fruit oval-oblong or ovate (f. 63. b.),
tapering at the apex ; ribs thick, corky ; vittae 1 in each furrow,
and 2 in the commissure. — Involucra and involucels of many
leaves (f. 63.fi. g.).
65 Aithu'sa. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point ; outer petals radiating. Fruit
ovate-globose ; ribs elevated, thick, acutely keeled : lateral ones
rather the broadest ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 arched ones
in the commissure ; carpophore bipartite. — Involucrum wanting
or of 1 leaf; involucels of 1-3-5 leaflets, on one side of the
umbellule.
66 Fceni'culum. Margin of calyx tumid, obsolete. Petals
roundish, entire, involute, with a rather quadrate retuse point;
ribs rather prominent, bluntly keeled : lateral ones rather the
broadest ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. —
Involucra and involucels wanting, or nearly so. Flowers yellow.
67 Kundma'nnia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
roundish, entire, involute, with a broad retuse point. Stylopo-
dium conical. Fruit terete, 10-furrowed; mericarps with 5
filiform, obtuse, equal ribs ; vittae many, both in the furrows and
commissure ; carpophore undivided. — Involucra and involucels
of many filiform reflexed leaves.
68 Deve'rra. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals ovate, with
an inflexed acumen. Styles short. Fruit ovate or roundish,
hispid from scales or hairs ; mericarps semi-terete, with obsolete
ribs ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Carpo-
phore bipartite. — An aromatic almost leafless shrub. — Involucra
of 4-6 leaves ; involucels of 4-6 ovate-lanceolate leaves.
69 Sora'nthus. Margin of calyx obsoletely toothed. Petals
broadly ovate, acuminated, permanent, with an inflexed point.
Fruit a little compressed from the back : crowned by the diva-
ricate styles ; mericarps with 5, hardly prominent ribs ; vitta;
1 in each furrow, and 4 in the commissure. Carpophore bipar-
tite.— Involucra nearly wanting ; involucels of 5-7 spreadingly
reflexed leaves.
70 Se'seli. Margin of calyx 5-toothed; teeth short, thickish.
Petals obovate, emarginate or nearly entire, with an inflexed point
(f. 55. E. i.). Fruit (f. 55. E. d. f. 55. D. a. b.) oval or
oblong, crowned by the reflexed styles (f. 55. E. b.) ; ribs fili-
form or elevated, rather prominent, thick, corky : lateral ones
a little broader than the rest ; vittae 1 in each furrow, sometimes
2 in the outer furrows, but always 2 or 4 in the commissure.
— Involucra almost wanting ; involucels of many leaves.
FIG. 55.
UMBELLlFERiE.
71 Libano'tis. This genus agrees in every respect with
Seseli, but differs in the lobes of the calyx being slender, subu-
late, elongated (f.55. F. c.), and coloured, deciduous. — Involucra
and involucels of many leaves.
72 Cenolophium. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obo-
vate, emarginate (f. 55. G.b.f.), with an indexed point (f. 55.
G. 1.) ; ribs equal, sharp, a little winged, hollow inside ; vittae
1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. — Involucra want-
ing, or of 1 leaf ; involucels of many leaves (f. 55. G. a.).
73 Cni dium. Differs from Cenolophium in the ribs of the
fruit being furnished with membranous wings. — Involucra va-
riable in the different species ; involucels of many leaves.
74 Peti'tia. This genus differs from Seseli and Libandtis
by the margin of the calyx being entire ; and from Cnidium in
the petals not being emarginate, and in the ribs of the fruit not
being winged.
75 Endre'ssia. This genus differs from all the rest in the
present tribe, in the fruit being compressed from the sides, in
the ribs being obtuse and filiform, not winged ; vittae 6 in the
commissure, and 3 or 4 in the furrows.
76 Tha'spium. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals elliptic,
with a long inflexed acumen. Fruit nearly elliptic ; ribs winged ;
vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. — Involucra
wanting ; involucels of 3 leaves on one side.
77 Trochisca'nthes. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
on long claws, spatulately obovate, with a triangular inflexed
segment ; ribs sharp, rather winged, equal ; vittae 3-4 in each
furrow', and 8 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. — In-
volucrum wanting, or of 1 leaf; involucels of 2-5 leaves.
78 Atiiama'ntha. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate
or entire : w ith a very short, inflexed, unguiculated point ; fruit
attenuated into a neck; ribs filiform, wingless, equal; vittae 2-3 in
each furrow. — Involucra few-leaved ; involucels of many leaves.
79 Ligu'sticum. Margin of calyx 5-toothed or obsolete.
Petals obovate, acute, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; ribs
short, rather winged, equal ; vittae many, both in the furrows
and commissure. — Involucra variable ; involucels many-leaved.
80 Sila'us. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate-
oblong, entire, or rather emarginate, with an inflexed point ; ribs
sharp, rather winged, equal : vittae many in each furrow', and
so close together as to appear one ; commissure furnished with
4-0 vittae. — Involucra wanting or of few leaves ; involucels of
many leaves. Flowers cream-coloured or greenish.
81 Waelro'thia. Calycine teeth 5, ovate-lanceolate, acute
(f. 50. A. b.). Petals elliptic, entire, acute at both ends (f. 50.
A. d.). Mericarps with rather prominent, equal ribs ; vittae
numerous in the furrows. — Involucra of 1-3 unequal leaves;
involucels of 5-8 unequal leaves.
82 Me'um. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals entire, ellip-
tic, acute at both ends. Mericarps with rather prominent, equal,
keeled ribs ; vittae many in each furrow, and 0-8 in the commis-
sure.— Involucra wanting ; involucels of many leaves.
83 Gaya. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, more
or less emarginate, with a broad inflexed point. Fruit oval, a
little compressed ; ribs elongated, wing-formed, contiguous at
VOL. III.
241
the base, at equal distances, obtuse ; vittae none. Carpophore
bipartite. — Involucra few-leaved.
84 Conioselinum. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals ob-
cordate or obovate, with an inflexed point. Styles at length
reflexed. Fruit compressed or convex from the back ; ribs
winged : lateral ones twice the breadth of the rest ; vittae 3 in
each furrow, but in the dorsal furrow's sometimes only 2 : and 4-8
unequal ones in the commissure ; carpophore bipartite. — Invo-
lucra wanting, or of few leaves ; involucels of 5-7 linear-subu-
late leaves.
85 Cri'thmum. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire, involute, with an obovate point. Mericarps with 5 ele-
vated, sharp, somewhat winged ribs : the lateral ribs a little
broader than the rest ; pericarp spongy from large cells. — Invo-
lucra and involucels of many leaves. Seed semi-terete, consti-
tuting a distinct nucleus, covered with copious vittae.
Tribe VI.
Angeli'ceae. Fruit compressed from the bade, girded by 2
wings on each side, from the raphe being central, or nearly so ;
mericarps furnished with 5 ribs: the 3 dorsal ribs filiform or
winged : and the 2 lateral ones always expanded into wings,
and broader than the dorsal ones. Seed rather convex on the
bach, and fiattisli in front.
86 Levi'sticum. Margin of calyx entire. Petals incurved,
roundish, entire, with a short point. Mericarps with 5 wings ;
wings of the lateral ribs the broadest ; vittae 1 in each furrow,
and 2-4 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucra
and involucels of many leaves.
87 Selinum. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate>
emarginate. Mericarps with 5 membranous wings ; the wings
of the lateral ribs twice the breadth of the rest; vittae 1 in each
furrow, but in the outer ones usually 2, and always 2 in the
commissure. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucrum of few leaves ;
involucels of many leaves.
88 Oste'ricum. Calyx 5-toothed ; teeth broad. Petals un-
guiculate, obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Meri-
carps with 5 ribs : the 3 dorsal ones elevated and filiform : the
2 lateral ones dilated into wings, much broader than the rest ;
vittae 1 in each furrow. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucra of
few leaves ; involucels of many leaves.
89 Ange'lica. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals lanceolate,
entire, with a straight or incurved point. Mericarps with 5 ribs :
the 3 dorsal ones filiform and elevated : and the 2 lateral ones
dilated into membranous wings, which are broader than the
rest ; vittae 1 in each furrow. Carpophore bipartite. — Involu-
crum wanting, or of few leaves; involucels of many leaves.
90 Archange'lica. Margin of calyx with 5 short teeth.
Petals elliptic, entire, with an incurved point. Mericarps with 5
thickish, keeled ribs : the 3 dorsal ones elevated : and the 2
lateral ones dilated into wings. Seed not adhering to its cover-
ing, but constituting a free nucleus, covered all over with copious
vittae. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucra nearly wanting ; in-
volucels of many leaves, unilateral.
Tribe VII.
Peuceda'nejE. Fruit compressed from the back, or lenticularly
I i
2 12
UMBELLIFERiE.
compressed , girded by a smooth, winged, flattened, or rather con-
vex, dilated, entire margin. Mericarps with 5 flliform ribs, rarely
winged; lateral ribs contiguous to the dilated margin, or lost in it.
Raphe marginal, hence the fruit is only furnished with 1 wing on
each side, not with 2 wings, as in the last tribe, where the raphe
is central. Seed flattened, or rather convex on the baclc.
91 Opo'panax. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire, involute, with an acutish point. Stylopodium broad, thick ;
styles very short; mericarps with 3 dorsal, filiform, very slender
ribs : the 2 lateral ones wanting, or not distinct from the margin ;
vittae 3 in each furrow, and G-10 in the commissure. Seed Hat.
— Involucra and involucels of many leaves. Flowers yellow.
92 Fe'rula. Margin of calyx with 5 short teeth. Petals
ovate, entire, with an ascending or incurved point. Fruit
girded by a dilated flat margin ; mericarps with 3 dorsal filiform
ribs : the 2 lateral ones very obsolete, or not distinct from the
dilated margin ; vittae 3 or more in the dorsal furrows, and 4 or
more in the commissure. Seed flat. Carpophore bipartite. —
Involucra and involucels variable. F'lowers yellow.
93 Dore'ma. The large, cup-shaped, epigynous disk, and
the solitary vittae in the furrows of the fruit, distinguish this
genus from Ferula and Opopanax. The flowers being com-
pletely sessile is also a remarkable character.
94 Eriosy'naphe. Calyx bluntly 5- toothed. Petals ovate,
entire, with a short, incurved point (f. 56. E. f). Fruit com-
pressed (f. 56. E. Ic.) from the back, girded by a thickish margin :
the 3 dorsal ribs filiform : and the 2 lateral ones running into
the thickish margin, which is spongy inside ; furrows broad,
2-3-striped, bearing 2-3 vittae in each ; and the commissure is
without vittae, but marked with a middle nerve and 2 marginal
ones, rather hollow and tomentose between the nerves. Seed
flattish. — Involucra and involucels wanting. Flowers yellow.
95 Pali'mbia. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals elliptic,
with an acute indexed point. Fruit oblong or oval. Mericarps
compressed from the back : with 5 filiform, bluntisli ribs : 2 mar-
ginal ones a little broader than the rest ; vittas 3 in each furrow',
and 2 broad ones in the commissure. Seed oblong, free, striped.
— Involucrum few-leaved or wanting. Flowers cream-coloured.
96 Peuceda'num. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obo-
vate, emarginate, or entire, with an inflexed point. Fruit girded
by a flat margin ; the 3 dorsal ribs filiform : and the 2 lateral
ones more obsolete, contiguous to the dilated margin ; vittae in
each furrow usually 1, and in the commissure 2. Carpophore
bipartite. Seed flat in front. — Involucra variable in the different
species ; involucels of many leaves.
97 Imperatoria. All as in Peucedanum, but the margin of the
calyx is obsolete. — Involucra wanting; involucels of few leaves.
98 Calli'sace. Margin of calyx rather 5-toothed, or nearly
obsolete. Petals oval, with an incurved point. Fruit nearly
orbicular, emarginate at the base, with a winged margin ; the 3
dorsal ribs obtuse and nerve-formed : the 2 lateral ones ex-
panded into wings, which lie over the w'hole surface : vittae I
in each furrow, and 1 on each side of the commissure. Forks
of carpophore adhering to the mericarps. — Involucra wanting, or
of few leaves ; involucels of many setaceous leaves.
1
99 Bu'bon. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, en-
tire, with an acute involute point. Fruit girded by a flattened,
dilated margin ; the 3 intermediate ribs filiform, and the 2 lateral
ones going into the margins ; vittae covering the whole seed, 4
dorsal and 2 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed
flat in front and convex on the back. — Cape shrubs. Involucra
and involucels of many leaves. Flowers greenish yellow.
100 Ane'thum. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire, with a rather square retuse point. Fruit girded by a flat
margin ; the 3 intermediate ribs acutely keeled, and the 2 lateral
ones more obsolete, and running into the margin; vittae broad,
solitary in the furrows, and filling them, and twin in the commis-
sure. Seed rather convex on the back. — Involucra and invo-
lucels wanting. Flowers yellow.
101 Cortia. Teeth of calyx elongated, acute. Petals lan-
ceolate, acuminated, entire. Stylopodium conical ; styles di-
verging. Fruit elliptic, rather retuse at both ends ; ribs winged :
lateral one the broadest ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the
commissure, which is flat. Seed flattish. — Involucra of 2-3 mul-
tifid leaves ; involucels of 5 linear, entire, or 2-3-cleft leaves.
102 Capnophy'llum. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals ob-
long, rather emarginate, tapering into an inflexed acumen. Fruit
girded by a flat, dilated margin ; the 3 intermediate ribs thickish,
keeled, rather flexuous, tubercular : the 2 lateral ones going
into the dilated margin ; vittas 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the
commissure. Seed rather convex on the back. — Involucra and
involucels of 3-6 leaves.
103 Tiedema'nnia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed (f. 64. a.).
Petals acuminated, reflexed. Fruit nearly ovate (f. 64. c.);
mericarps with 5 filiform, subcarinated, approximate ribs : lateral
ones dilated into a membranous margin, which is nearly the
breadth of the fruit ; vittae solitary in the furrows, and filling
them, and twin in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite.
Seed flat. — Involucra and involucels of 4-5 subulate leaves.
104 Archemo'ra. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ob-
cordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed from the back,
oval or obovate ; mericarps with 5 filiform, rather keeled, ap-
proximate ribs : lateral ribs dilated into a broad membrane ;
vittae solitary in the furrows, and filling them, and twin in the
commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flattened. — Involucra
wanting or few-leaved ; involucels of many leaves.
105 Pastina'ca. Margin of calyx obsolete, or minutely den-
ticulated. Petals roundish, entire, involute, with a broad retuse
point. Fruit compressed from the back, girded by a flat dilated
margin : the 3 intermediate ribs filiform, equidistant : lateral ones
contiguous to the dilated margin ; vittae linear, acute, hardly
shorter than the ribs, solitary in the furrows, and twin or more in
the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flattened. — In-
volucra and involucels wanting or few-leaved. Flowers yellow.
106 Leiotulus. Teeth of calyx obsolete. Petals roundish,
entire, involute, with a broad retuse segment. Fruit compressed,
with a thickened dilated smooth margin ; the 3 intermediate
ribs approximate, and the 2 lateral ones marginal and remote ;
vittae 1 in each furrow, filiform, distant in the commissure. In -
volucra wanting ; involucels of a few very fine leaves.
UMBELLIFERyE.
243
107 Astyda'mia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed (f. 56. D. a. d.
f). Petals obovate, entire, with an indexed point. Stylopodium
thick ; styles very short (f. 56. D. g.). Fruit compressed from
the back (f. 56. D. k.), girded by a thick dilated margin ; the 3
dorsal ribs crested, approximate : the 2 lateral ones running into
the margin ; dorsal vittae very few, the commissural ones wanting
or covered. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves. Flowers
yellow.
108 Symphyoloma. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals equal,
emarginate, with an indexed point. Stylopodium without a mar-
gin ; styles redexed. Fruit elliptic, compressed from the back ;
mericarps closely connate by their margins ; with 5 dliform ribs :
3 dorsal ribs equi-distant : lateral ones more remote, margin-
ating ; vittae wanting or obsolete. Seed dattened. Carpophore
none. Flowers red.
109 Heracee'um. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate, emar-
ginate, with an indexed point : exterior petals usually radiating
and bidd. Fruit compressed from the back, girded by a dat, di-
lated margin; mericarps with very dne ribs : 3 dorsal ones equi-
distant : 2 lateral ones remote, contiguous to the dilated margin :
vittae 4 on the back, solitary in the furrows, but usually with 2
in the commissure, all shorter than the fruit, and usually club-
shaped; carpophore bipartite. Seed dat.— Involucra caducous,
usually of few leaves; involucels of many leaves.
110 Zozi'mia. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate, emargi-
nate, with an indexed point. Fruit compressed from the back,
rather convex in the middle, hairy, girded by a smooth, thick-
ened, dilated margin ; ribs very thin : dorsal ones at equal dis-
tances : 2 lateral ones more remote, contiguous to the dilated
margin ; vittae covering the whole seed, solitary in the furrows,
and twin in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed dat.
— Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
111 Poeyt^'nia. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals oval, emargi-
nate, with an indexed point. Fruit oval, compressed on the
back, convex in the middle, glabrous ; with a smooth tumid
margin, and a depressed furrow on the back ; ribs very
slender, hardly distinct ; vittae twin between the ribs, but 6 in
the commissure ; carpophore indistinct. Seed dat. — Involucra
none ; involucels setaceous.
112 Johre'nia. Teeth of calyx obsolete, very blunt. Petals
unknown. Stylopodium short, conical, furrowed a little. Styles
short, diverging. Fruit oval, lenticularly compressed on the
back (f. 56. C. b.), quite glabrous; with a smooth tumid mar-
gin, and a dat, dorsal, coloured furrow ; mericarps with 3 dor-
sal, dliform ribs, which probably contain vittae : 2 lateral ones
running into the dilated margin, hardly distinct, usually rufous,
and the form of vittae ; commissure spongy, furnished with 2
lines, but without vittae. Carpophore 2-parted (f. 56. C. 6. a.).
I Seed dat. — Involucrum wanting, or of 1 leaf ; involucels of 4-5
linear, setaceous leaves.
Tribe VIII.
Tordyli'neal. Fruit lenticularly or flatly compressed from
the hack, girded by a thickened, nodulose, or plaited, dilated mar-
gin. Mericarps with 5 very fine or obsolete ribs : lateral ones con-
tiguous to the dilated margin, or forming the same. Seeds flat-
tened. This tribe differs from Peucedanece in the margin of the
fruit being plaited or nodulose, not smooth and entire.
113 Hasseequi'stia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovate, emarginate, with an indexed point ; outer petals radi-
ating and bidd. The outer fruit of the umbel are compressed,
girded by an accessory, winged, thickened margin, which is
hardly wrinkled ; those of the disk dissimilar : one of the meri-
carps contracted into an hemispherical urceolus around the other,
which is abortive ; ribs very slender : the 3 dorsal ones equi-
distant : and the 2 lateral ones contiguous to the thickened mar-
gin, or hidden by it ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the com-
missure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed dat. — Involucra of many
leaves.
114 Tordy'lium. All as in Hasselquistia, except that the
vittae are either solitary or numerous in the furrows, and either
2 or more in the commissure ; and in the fruit being equal, and
girded by a tubercularly wrinkled, accessory, thickened margin.
— Involucra of many leaves.
115 Tordylopsis. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ; teeth acute :
outer teeth the largest, dilated at the base, and cuspidate at
the apex. Outer petals of umbels larger, and obcordately 2-
lobed : the rest smaller, ovate, and cuspidate, usually entire, rarely
somewhat 2-lobed. Stylopodium conical. Styles erect, elon-
gated. Fruit hairy. — Involucra and involucels of 5-6 lanceolate-
linear leaves.
* * Fruit furnished with both primary and secondary ribs.
Tribe IX.
Sileri'ne.'e. Fruit lenticularly compressed from the back.
Mericarps with 5 primary ribs : the lateral ones marginating ;
and usually with 4 secondary, less prominent ones ; all filiform
and wingless. Seeds flattish in the front.
116 Krube'ra. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obo-
vate, emarginate, with an indexed point. Mericarps with 5
plicately crenated, thick ribs : the 3 intermediate elevated, ob-
tuse, and keeled : 2 lateral marginating and roundish, keeled
near the raphe ; vittae none. Carpophore bidd. — Involucra 2-
5-leaved ; involucels 4-5-leaved.
117 Pachypeeu'rum. Margin of calyx obsolete, or minutely
denticulated. Petals permanent ; those of the inner dowers
obovate-oblong, emarginate, with an acute, indexed point ; those
of the ray dowers of 2 forms : the 3 inner, ovate, hardly emar-
ginate, with an acute indexed point : 2 outer nearly orbicular,
and profoundly emarginate, also with an indexed point. Meri-
carps with elevated, thick, and corky ribs : the lateral ones mar-
ginating, and a little broader than the others ; vittae none. — In-
volucra and involucels of many leaves.
118 Agasy'llis. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals lanceo-
late, incurved. Fruit oval. Mericarps with 5 primary ribs :
the 2 lateral ones placed in front of the accessory margin ; the
secondary ribs hardly visible. Seeds furnished with 8-10 dorsal
vittae, and 5-6 commissural ones. — Involucra wanting ; invo-
lucels of many setaceous leaves.
119 Stenocce'lium. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovately orbicular, somewhat emarginate, with an indexed
I i 2
244
UMBELLIFERiE.
point. Mericarps with 5 rounded, thick, equal ribs ; vittae 1 in
each furrow. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
120 Si'ler. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an indexed point. Ribs filiform, elevated, ob-
tuse : primary ones 5 : lateral ones of these marginating : secon-
dary ones 4, less prominent ; vittae 1 in each furrow, under the
secondary ribs. — Involucra none, or few-leaved, caducous.
121 Ga'lbanum. This genus differs from Siler in the absence
of dorsal vittae to the fruit, and the commissure being furnished
with only 2.
Tribe X.
Cumi'neze. Fruit contracted from the sides; mericarps with
5 filiform, primary ribs : the lateral ones of these marginating ;
and 4 secondary more prominent ones ; all wingless. Seed
straight, fiattish in front.
122 Cumi'num. Calyx with 5 lanceolate, unequal, permanent
teeth. Petals oblong, emarginate, with an indexed point. Pri-
mary ribs minutely muricated : secondary ones prickly ; vittae
1 in each furrow under the secondary ribs. Carpophore bipar-
tite. Seed concave in front, and convex on the back. — Involucra
of 2-4 simple or divided leaves ; the involucels dimidiate, of 2-4
refiexed leaves.
123 Trepoca'rpus. Calyx with 5 subulate teeth, which fall
off at length. Petals obcordate, indexedly emarginate. Fruit
pyramidly angular, nearly terete ; mericarps convex on the
back ; primary ribs margined with a fuscous, vittae-formed line
on each side ; secondary ones furnished with 1 vitta on their
inner side ; commissure thick, furrowed in the middle, and fur-
nished with vittae inside. Seed straight, rather compressed on
the back. — Involucra 1-3-leaved ; involucels dimidiate, of 4-5
linear, unequal leaves.
Tribe XI.
Thapsie'a:. Fruit compressed from the back ; mericarps with 5
filiform primary ribs, which are now and then bristly : lateral ones
seated in the flat commissure ; secondary 4 : inner ones of these
filiform, and the outer ones or all are winged : wings undivided,
hence the fruit is either 8-winged, or furnished with 2 wings on
each side. Seed fiattish, or teretely convex, flat in front.
124 Tha'psia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals elliptic,
entire, wdth an inflexed or involute point ; 2 lateral secondary
ribs winged, hence the fruit is 2-winged on each side ; furrows
under the secondary ribs furnished with 1 vitta each. Carpo-
phore bipartite. Seed fiattish. — Involucra and involucels want-
ing, or of few leaves. Flowers yellow.
125 Cymo'pterus. Calyx minutely 5-toothed. Petals round-
ish-oval, inflexed at the apex. Fruit nearly elliptic, compressed,
7-8-winged, from all the secondary ribs being winged ; wings
undulated ; furrows flat, 1 -nerved ; commissure naked, 3 -striped.
Carpophore not separable from the mericarps. — Involucra want-
ing ; involucels dimidiate, 5-7-parted.
126 Laserpi'tium. Margin of calyx 5-toothed (f. 55. C./.).
Petals obovate, emarginate (f. 55. C. a.), with an inflexed point
(f. 55. C.i.). Fruit compressed from the back (f. 55. C.g.),
or nearly terete, 8-winged, in consequence of the 8 secondary
nerves being winged ; vittae 1 in each furrow, unde r the secon
dary ribs. Carpophore free, bipartite (f. 55. C. k.). — Involucra
and involucels of many leaves.
127 Lophoscia'dium. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
elliptic, entire, acuminated, involute at the apex (f. 55. B. d.).
Fruit compressed (f. 55. B. e.) on the back ; the 2 lateral second-
ary ribs expanded into a subserrated wing each : the 2 dorsal ones
expanded into an interrupted wing each, at first sight appearing
like retrograde scales (f. 55. B. e.). — Involucra of 5-7 ovate-
lanceolate leaves (f. 55. B. a.); involucels of 5-7 narrower leaves
(f. 55. B. 5.). Flowers yellow.
128 Melanoselinum. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovate, emarginate, with a reflexed point. Fruit compressed
from the back ; the 2 inner secondary ribs filiform and very
slender : the 2 outer ones expanded into a membranous serrated
wing each ; with oleiferous canals under all the ribs. Carpo-
phore bipartite. Seed flat. — A shrub. Involucra and involu-
cels of many leaves, the first composed of cut leaves, and the
second of entire leaves.
Tribe XII.
Dauci'ne/e. Fruit lenticularly compressed from the back;
mericarps with 5 bristly, filiform, primary ribs ; lateral ones of
these seated in the flat commissure, as in Thapsiece ; and with 4
secondary ones, which are more prominent and prickly ; the
prickles free, or joined into a wing. Seeds fiattish, or subsemi-
terete, or convex on the back, and fiattish in front.
129 Arte'dia. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point : those on the outer part of
the umbel radiating and bipartite. Secondary ribs 4 : the 2 inner
ones filiform : the outer ones expanded into a sinuately lobed
wing each ; vittae none. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat.
• — Leaves of involucra and involucels divided into linear lobes.
130 Orea'ya. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point : those in the ray of the umbel
profoundly bifid. Secondary ribs of fruit furnished with 2 or 3
rows of prickles, outer ones more prominent, or a little winged ;
prickles hooked or rayed at the apex ; vittae 1 in each furrow
under the secondary ribs. Carpophore bifid or undivided ?
Seed convex on the back. — Involucra variable ; involucels of
many leaves.
131 Daucus. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones usually radiating,
and profoundly bifid. Fruit oval or oblong ; the 4 secondary
ribs more prominent and winged, divided into a simple series of
prickles ; vittae 1 in each furrow, under the secondary ribs.
Seed fiattish in front. — Involucra of many trifid or pinnatifid
leaves ; involucels of many entire or trifid leaves.
Suborder II. Campylospe'rivle. Albumen involute, or
marked by a longitudinal furrow or channel on the inner side.
§ 1. Mericarps furnished with both primary and secondary
ribs.
Tribe XIII.
El.eoseline.e. Fruit cylindrical, more compressed from the
UMBELLIFERiE.
245
back than from the sides ; mericarps with 5 primary filiform ribs ;
and 4 secondary ones : the 2 dorsal ones of these last nerve-
formed, but the 2 lateral ones are expanded into a wing each ; with
the margins nerve or rib formed. Seeds involute, semi-lunate.
132 Eijeoseunum. Margin of calyx hardly 5-tootlied. Pe-
tals obovate, emarginate, with an indexed point. Fruit nearly
terete, 4-winged ; the 2 lateral primary ribs seated between the
wings and the nerve-formed margins ; vittae under all the ribs
abounding in oil, those under the primary ribs narrower and
slenderer : in the commissure there are 4. — Involucra and invo-
lucels of many cuspidate, linear leaves. Flowers yellow.
Tribe XIV.
Caucali^nea:. Fruit contracted from the sides, or nearly terete.
Mericarps with 5 filiform, bristly, or prickly, primary ribs :
lateral ones of these seated in the commissure, which is flat ; the
\ secondary 4 more prominent and very prickly. Seeds involute, or
inflexed on the margin.
133 Cau'calis. Teeth of calyx 5, ovate-lanceolate. Petals
obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point: outer ray ones
! profoundly bifid. Fruit rather compressed from the sides ;
secondary ribs deeply cleft into a simple series of prickles ; vittae
solitary in each furrow, under the secondary ribs, and 2 in the
commissure. Carpophore stiff, cleft at the apex.— Involucra
none, or of 1-2 leaves ; involucels of 3-8 lanceolate leaves.
134 Turge'nia. Teeth of calyx 5, setaceous. Petals obo-
vate, emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones radiating
and bifid. Fruit subdidymous ; lateral primary ribs with a
simple series of warts or prickles, all the rest furnished with 2
or 3 rows of equal prickles ; furrows furnished with 1 vittae
each under the secondary ribs. Carpophore setaceous, bifid. —
Involucra and involucels of 3-5 ovate, concave, equal leaves.
135 Tori'lis. Teeth of calyx 5, triangularly lanceolate, acute,
permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point :
outer ones larger and bifid. Secondary ribs having abundance
i of prickles occupying the whole furrows, which are furnished
with 1 vitta each under the prickles. Carpophore setaceous,
bifid. Involucra of 1-5 leaves; involucels of 5-6 lanceolate
ciliated leaves.
§ 2. Mericarps only furnished with primary ribs.
Tribe XV.
ScANDicf NEiE. Fruit evidently compressed, or contracted from
the sides, usually beaked , mericarps with 5 filiform ribs, which
are at length winged : lateral ribs marginating, all equal, but
sometimes all obliterated at the base, and only conspicuous at the
apex. Seeds teretely convex, having a deep furrow in front, or
somewhat involute on the margin.
136 Sca'ndix. Margin of calyx obsolete, or somewhat 5-
toothed. Petals obovate, truncate, or emarginate, usually fur-
nished with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed from the sides,
with a very long beak ; vittae wanting, or nearly obsolete. Car-
pophore undivided, forked at the apex — Involucra wanting, or
of 1 leaf ; involucels of 5-7 leaves.
137 Antiiri'scus. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obo-
vate, truncate, or emarginate, with a very short inflexed point.
Fruit contracted from the sides : having a beak, which is shorter
than the seed ; mericarps nearly terete, destitute of ribs, the
beak alone being furnished with 5 ribs. Carpophore bifid at
the apex. — Involucra wanting ; involucels of many leaves.
138 ChjErophy'llum. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals
obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed
from the sides, without any beak ; commissure deep ; vittae 1
in each furrow. Carpophore bifid. — Involucra wanting, or of
few leaves ; involucels of many leaves.
139 Calda'sia. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals ovate,
with an entire somewdiat involute point. Fruit ovate-oblong,
rather compressed from the sides, crowned by the short diverg-
ing styles ; furrows between the ribs broad, flat, striated, and
furnished with 1 vitta each ; commissure furrowed in the mid-
dle. Carpophore bipartite. Seed rather convolute at the com-
missure.— Umbels simple, surrounded by a 20-leaved invo-
lucrum.
140 Spiialleroca'rpus. Teeth of calyx 5, subulate. Petals
obovate-cuneated, emarginate, with an inflexed point (f. 56. L.
b.): the outer ones of the umbel radiating. Stylopodium rather
urceolate, toothed; styles short. Fruit elliptic-oblong (f. 56.
L. d.), contracted from the sides, without a beak ; furrows be-
tween the ribs convex, furnished with 2-3 vittae each, and the
commissure with 4-6. Carpophore bipartite (f. 56. L. h.). —
Involucra wanting ; involucels of 5-6 lanceolate leaves (f. 56.
L. a.).
141 Molopospe'rmum. Calyx 5-toothed, foliaceous. Petals
lanceolate, entire, ending in a long ascending point. Fruit con-
tracted from the sides. Mericarps with 5 winged ribs. Seed
bluntly tetragonal or angular ; channels empty between the seed
and the commissure of the pericarp ; furrows having 1 broad
brown vitta each, but the commissure is very narrow, and
without any vittae. Carpophore bipartite. — Involucra of many
elongated, membranous leaves, which are sometimes multifid ;
involucel of many leaves.
142 Vela;' a. Margin of calyx obliterated. Petals unknown.
Stylopodium conically depressed, short (f. 56. G. b.) ; styles
erect, filiform. Fruit ovate (f. 56. G. e. b.), without a beak ;
mericarps rather compressed from the sides, with 5 ribs : the 2
lateral ones filiform, and the 3 dorsal ones winged ; vittae 3, and
sometimes 2 in each furrow, and 4 in the commissure. Carpo-
phore bipartite (f. 56. G. h.) from the base. — Involucra and in-
volucels none.
143 My'rrhis. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit compressed from the
sides. Seeds involute, covered by a double membrane : outer
membrane furnished with 5 acutely keeled, sharp, equal ribs,
hollow inside : inner one adnate to the seed ; vittae none. Carpo-
phore cleft at the apex. — Involucra none ; involucels of many
lanceolate ciliated leaves.
144 Osmorhiza. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
hardly emarginate, with a short inflexed point. Fruit elon-
246
UMBELLIFERjE.
gated, tapering into a tail at the base, solid, acutely angular ;
mericarps with hispid, rather furrowed angles ; ribs 5, acute ;
commissure furrowed ; furrows flat, without vittae. Carpo-
phore semi-bifid. — Involucra of 2-3 lanceolate, ciliated leaves ;
involucels of 5 lanceolate, ciliated leaves.
145 Grammoscia'dium. Teeth of calyx stiff (f. 56. H. g.),
permanent. Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point. Styles
short, conical (f. 56. H. b.), diverging. Fruit cylindrical (f. 56.
H. a. b.), without a beak ; mericarps with 5 primary, flattish
white ribs ; furrows flat, furnished with 1 vitta each, and the
commissure with 2. — Involucra of 5-7 multifid leaves ; involucels
of linear-subulate, rarely cut leaves (f. 56. H. e.).
Tribe XVI.
Smy'rne.®. Fruit turgid, usually compressed, or contracted
from the sides ; mericarps with 5 ribs: lateral ones marginating,
or situated in front of the margin ; the ribs sometimes almost obli-
terated. Seed involute, or with a furrow on the inside, semi-
lunar or complicate.
146 Lagce'cia. Calycine lobes large, pectinated. Petals
obcordately bifid, shorter than the calyx ; lobes awned. Ova-
rium 2-celled, with 1 of the cells abortive. The fruit is there-
fore ovate, crowned by the calyx, pubescent : marked by a fur-
row on one side, indicating the place of the abortive seed.— In-
volucra of 8-10 pectinated leaves ; and the involucel of 4.
147 Olive'ria. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals pro-
foundly obcordate : lobes involute on the margin at the base,
and excavated at the sides, undulated and reflexed at the apex.
Fruit obovate, hairy: mericarps nearly terete; with 5 blunt
ribs. Carpophore bifid at the apex. — Involucra of 3-4 trifid
leaves, with the lobes usually tridentate ; involucels of many
cuneiform, trifid leaves.
148 Anisoscia'dium. Calycine lobes of the outer flowers of
the umbel, large, ovate, and foliaceous : of the outer central ones
stiff and hooked : of the other inner ones wanting or tooth-
formed. Petals very unequal : outer ones obcordately bifid :
inner ones small. Fruit rather downy, oblong-cylindrical,
crowned by the calyx, and stiff conical styles ; mericarps with
5 blunt ribs ; vittae brown, 1 in each furrow, but none in the
commissure.— Involucra of 4-5 oblong, acute, unequal leaves ;
involucels of 4-5 leaves.
149 Echinophora. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones larger and bifid.
Styles of the female flowers elongated, filiform (f. 65. h.). Fruit
ovate (f. 65. c.), nearly terete, inclosed in a hollow receptacle :
with a short, emersed beak ; mericarps with 5 undulated, equal
depressed ribs ; vittae covered with a cobwebbed membrane, 1
in each furrow. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves (f.
65. a.).
150 Exoaca'ntha. Flowers polygamous : central ones fertile,
the rest sterile. Calyx in the sterile flowers obsolete. Petals
obcordate, equal, inflexed. Young fruit of the sterile flowers
obovate, striated ; of the central flowers much more ovate, some-
what papillose, and crowned by 15 elongated stiff bristles. —
Involucra of 10-12 large, channelled, spinose leaves ; involucels
of 7-11 spinose, very unequal leaves on one side.
151 Arctopus. Flowers polygamous. Margin of calyx 5-
toothed. Petals lanceolate, with an incurved acute entire point.
Fruit ovate, beaked, crowned by the calyx, conferruminated from
the base to the middle with the involucrum, depressed in front,
and marked by a furrow, not separable into 2 parts, but bilo-
cular, 1 of the cells abortive. — Involucra of 4-5 concrete leaves.
152 Ca'chrys. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, rarely obsolete.
Petals ovate, entire, involute at the apex or inflexed. Stylo-
podium depressed, hardly distinct in the mature fruit. Meri-
carps with 5 thick ribs, variable in the different sections of the
genus ; commissure almost the breadth of the mericarps. Seed
constituting a free nucleus covered with abundance of vittae. —
Involucra and involucels of many leaves. Flowers yellow.
153 Pra'ngos. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals ovate,
entire, involute at the apex. Stylopodium depressed, hardly
prominent in the fruit. Commissure broad. Mericarps com-
pressed from the back, with 5 smooth ribs, which are thick at
the base, and ending in vertical membranous wings on the back.
Seed girded by an abundance of vittae. — Flowers yellow.
154 Colladonia. Margin of calyx entire. Petals oval, en-
tire, involute at the apex. Stylopodium depressed, hardly pro-
minent in the fruit. Mericarps compressed from the sides, end-
ing in 5 vertical membranous wings on the back, having 1 vitta
in each furrow ; commissure narrow, furnished with 2 vittae. —
Involucra and involucels of many undivided leaves.
155 Lecokia. Margin of calyx with 5 short teeth. Petals
ovate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodia 2, distinct. Styles
subulate. Fruit ovate, didymous, with a narrow commissure ;
mericarps semi-terete, with 5 obtuse, spongy ribs, which are
beset with prickles on all sides. Seeds girded by copious vittae.
Involucels of 5-8 subulate leaves.
156 Magyda'ris. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obcor-
date, with an inflexed point. Fruit ovate (f. 56. I. b.), tomen-
tose ; mericarps with 5 thick, blunt ribs, and narrow furrows.
Seeds clothed on every side with very slender vittae, convex
on the outside, and involute with a deep furrow' on the in-
side.— Involucra and involucels present, of many undivided
leaves.
157 He'rmas. Margin of calyx 5-parted, foliaceous, per-
manent. Petals oval-oblong, acute, keeled, entire, equal. Fruit
ovate ; mericarps rather inflated, compressed from the back,
5 ribbed : the dorsal rib exserted : the 2 middle ones larger :
and the 2 marginal ones small, under the commissure ; vittae
many in the furrow's between the ribs, which are broad. Seed
not adnate to its covering, rather hollow inside. — Involucra of
many leaves ; involucels of 3 leaves.
158 Conium. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obcordate,
rather emarginate, with a short inflexed point. Fruit com-
pressed from the sides, ovate ; mericarps with 5, rather promi-
nent, equal ribs, which are undulately crenulated ; having the
furrows between the ribs, furnished with many stripes, but with-
out any vittae. Carpophore bifid at the apex. Seed with a
UMBELLIFERJE.
247
deep narrow furrow inside. — Involucra of 3-5 leaves ; involucels
of 3-5 leaves, dimidiate.
159 Vica'tia. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals unknown.
Styles short. Fruit ovate-oblong ; mericarps nearly semi-terete,
with 5 filiform, hardly prominent ribs ; vittae small, many in tbe
furrows, which are broad and flat ; commissure narrow. Car-
pophore thick, somewhat bifid at tbe apex. Albumen furnished
with a furrow at the commissure, convex outside. — Involucra,
and generally the involucels, are wanting.
ICO Arraca'cha. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals lanceo-
late or ovate, entire : with an indexed point, which is curbed
above the middle nerve. Fruit ovate-oblong, somewhat com-
pressed from the sides ; mericarps with 5 equal ribs ; vittae many
in the furrows. Albumen nearly semi-terete, furnished with a
furrow at the commissure. — Involucra wanting, or of 1 leaf; in-
volucels of 3 leaves. Flowers polygamous.
161 Pleurospe'rmum. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovate, entire, flat, or attenuated and inflexed at the apex.
Fruit ovate, somewhat compressed from the sides ; mericarps
furnished with a double membrane : outer one furnished with 5
winsed hollow ribs : the inner one adnate to the seed, and fur-
nished with 5 elevated ribs under those of the outer membrane ;
furrows of the inner membrane furnished with 1-2 vittae each,
and the commissure with 2. Carpophore filiform, bipartite. — ■
Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
162 Hymenoue'na. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obo-
vate, entire, flat, or attenuated and inflexed at the apex. Fruit
ovate or oblong ; mericarps with 5 exserted, nearly equal wings ;
i commissure flat, furnished with 2 vittae, and the furrows with 1.
i Seed with a furrow in front, convex on the outside. Carpophore
bipartite. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
163 Physospe'rmum. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovate, somewhat emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit
contracted from the sides ; mericarps reniformly globose, didy-
mous, with 5 filiform equal slender ribs : the lateral ribs placed
before the margins ; vittae broad, 1 in each furrow. Seed semi-
lunar.— Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
164 Smy'rnium. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals lanceo-
late or elliptic, entire, with an inflexed point. Fruit contracted
from the sides ; mericarps reniformly globose, didymous : with 3
dorsal, rather prominent ribs, and 2 lateral, marginating, nearly
obliterated ones; vittae many in each furrow ; carpophore bipar-
tite. Seed involute. — Involucra and involucels variable in the
different species.
165 Ei/lopmus. Margin of calyx 5-toothed (f. 56. K. b.).
Petals unknown. Fruit a little contracted from the sides (f. 56.
K. a.) ; mericarps ovate, rather didymous, with 5 hardly pro-
minent ribs ; furrows having 3 convex stripes, more prominent
than the ribs, which are hollow inside and filled with oil ; com-
missure furnished with 4 similar vittae. Seed semi-lunar. Car-
pophore bipartite. — Involucra and involucels of many linear
leaves (f. 56. K. c.).
166 Scalige'ria. Margin of calyx entire. Petals obcordate,
with a short inflexed obtuse point. Stylopodia thick (f. 56. B. h .),
parallel. Styles filiform, bent outwardly. Fruit rather didy-
mous ; mericarps ovate, contracted at the raphe, hardly com-
pressed from the sides, with 5 filiform ribs ; vittae 2-3 in the fur-
rows, which are rather convex, and 4-6 in the commissure, which
is flattish. Albumen furnished with a furrow on the inside. —
Involucra wanting ; involucels of a few small linear leaves.
FIG. 56.
Suborder III. Ccelospe'rm^:. Albumen involutely curved
from the base to the apex.
Tribe XVII.
Coria'ndrea:. Fruit globose, or of 2 subglobose mericarps.
Mericarps furnished milk 5 primary, depressed, and flexuous ribs :
lateral ribs placed before the accessory margin ; and 4 more
prominent secondary ones ; all wingless.
167 Bifora. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones nearly equal
or radiating and bifid. Fruit didymous ; mericarps ventricosely
subglobose, granularly wrinkled : marked with 5 impressed, ob-
solete stripes : the 2 lateral stripes semicircular, placed in front of
the accessory margin ; vittae wanting ; commissure having 2 holes.
Carpophore bipartite, adnate on both sides. — Involucra and in-
volucels wanting, or of 1 leaf.
168 Astoma. All as in Bifora, but tbe fruit is evidently
didymous ; and the commissure is narrow, not perforated, nor
dilated at the apex; styles rather diverging. — Involucra of 5-6
lanceolate leaves ; involucels of 4-5 leaves.
169 Atre'ma. Teeth of calyx 5, acute, small, permanent.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit rather
didymous ; mericarps nearly globose, ventricose, marked with 5
rather prominent ribs, without any vittae ; commissure narrow ,
closed. — Involucra and involucels of many leaves.
170 Coria/ndrum. Teeth of calyx 5, acute, unequal, per-
manent. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point :
outer ones radiating, bifid. Fruit globose, 10-ribbed, hardly
divisible ; the 4 secondary ribs on each mericarp are more promi-
nent than the primary ones, and keeled; vittas 1 in each furrow,
and 2 in the commissure ; carpophore free in the middle, but
adnate at the base and apex. Seed hollow in front, covered by
a loose membrane. — Involucra none ; involucels usually of 3
leaves, dimidiate.
171 Cymboca'rpum. Margin of calyx obsolete. Petals equal,
obcordate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium depressed; styles
218
UMBELLlFERvE.
I. Hydrocotyle.
reflexed. Fruit nearly globose ; mericarps solid, hemispherical :
with 5 primary, filiform, usually obliterated ribs, without any
secondary ribs or vittae. Carpophore bipartite, free in the
middle, but adnate at the base and apex. Seed hollowed in
front. — Involucra and involucels composed of linear leaves.
Suborder I. ORTHOSPE'RMiE (from op%e, orthos,
straight, and awippa, sperma, a seed). D. C. prod. 4. p. 58.
Albumen flat on the inner side, neither involute, nor convolute.
§ 1. Umbels simple or imperfect. Fruit destitute of vittce.
Tribe I.
HYDROCOTY'LEAi (plants agreeing with Hydrocotyle in
important characters), or Orthospermeae, Imperfectae, Umbel-
latae, Compressae, D. C. prod. 4. p. 58. — Hydrocotyleae, Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 32. Koch, umb. p. 141. exclusive of
many genera. Fruit contracted from the sides ; back of carpella
or mericarps convex, rarely acute ; the 5 primary ribs or nerves
becoming immediately obsolete : lateral ribs marginating, or
thrown back into the flat commissure : secondary ones permanent
and filiform, sometimes absent or nearly so. Albumen flattish
in front. Petals spreading, entire, acute, straight, or rather in-
flexed at the point. This tribe represents the forms of nearly
all in the different genera ; it is distinguished from nearly all the
suborder Orthospermce, in the umbels of flowers being imper-
fect ; from Saniculece in the lateral compression of the fruit,
and from Mulinece in the commissure not being gradually con-
tracted.
I. HYDROCO'TYLE (from vcuip, hydor, water, and kotv\t),
kotyle, a cavity ; in reference to the plants growing in moist
situations, and in the leaves being hollowed like a bowl). Tourn.
inst. t. 173. Thunb. diss. 1798. in diss. ed. Pers. 2. p. 410.
Spreng. umb. prod. p. 10. A. Rich. diss. 1820. in ann. sc.
phys. vol. 4. p. 1. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 102. Koch, umb. p. 144.
f. 64. and 65. D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 26. — Hydrocotyle and
Chondrocarpus (or Glyceria), Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 177.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Tube of calyx rather com-
pressed : limb with an obsolete margin. Petals ovate, entire,
acute, with a straight apex. Fruit flatly compressed from the
sides, biscutate. Mericarps or carpella without vittae : having
the 5 ribs or nerves nearly filiform : the carinal and lateral ones
usually obsolete, and the 2 intermediate ones joined. Seed
carinately compressed. — Usually slender bog herbs, rarely sub-
shrubs. Umbel simple, surrounded by a few-leaved involu-
crum. Flowers sessile or pedicellate, white. This genus is
composed of a heterogeneous mass of species, and is therefore
probably divisible into several genera.
Sect. I. Euhydroco'tyle (this section is supposed to contain
the true species of the genus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 59. Hydro-
cotyle, Lin. gen. no. 325. Stems herbaceous, of nearly all the
species, creeping. Fruit compressed ; mericarps furnished with
1-2 ribs on each side.
§ 1. Leaves peltate.
1 H. interru/pta (Muhl. cat. p. 10.) leaves peltate, doubly
crenated, 11 -nerved, and are, as well as the petioles, glabrous;
flowers disposed in many, rather distant whorles : ultimate ones
umbellate ; fruit rather attenuated at the base, coloured. 1/ . B.
H. Native of Carolina, Porto-Rico, Cape of Good Hope,
Japan, New Holland, Sandwich Islands, &c. in marshy places.
H. vulgaris, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 161. H. verticilHta,
Thunb. diss. 2. p. 415. t. 3. H. vulgaris (3, Rich. 1. c. t. 50.
f. 1. b. H. communis, Cham, et Schlecht. inLinnsea. 1. p. 356.
Var. (3, tuberosa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 59.) stems tumid at the
nodes, and tuberous.
Var. y, platyphylla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 667.) leaves 11-13-
nerved, twice the size. 1£. H. Native of Tropical Africa, in
marshes at Cayor.
Interrupted-^ owered Penny- wort. Fl. May, June. PI. cr.
2 H. vulga'ris (Lin. spec. p. 338.) leaves peltate, orbicular,
doubly crenated, 9 -nerved ; petioles pilose at the apex ; umbels
capitate, usually 5-flowered ; fruit somewhat emarginate at the
base, of one colour. 1/. B. H. Native nearly throughout the
whole of Europe, in marshy boggy places, and on the margins of
clear rivulets, particularly on a peat soil ; plentiful in some parts
of Britain ; also of North America, in Canada. Fl. dan. t. 90.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 751. Curt. lond. 6. t. 19. Schkuhr, handb.
t. 59. Rich, liydr. no. 1. t. 50. f. 1. and t. 52. f. 1. exclusive of
the variety. Stems creeping, rooting at the nodi. Peduncles of
the umbels or scapes much shorter than the petioles. Flowers
reddish white or rose-coloured. There is a variety, but it is
rather rare, with smooth petioles, and with the limbs emarginate
at the base or nearly entire, and with the scapes drawn out be-
yond the umbels of flowers, and bearing 2 umbels each. Gerarde
calls this plant mater penny-wort, sheep-killing penny-grass ; in
the north of England it is called ivhite-rot, to distinguish it from
red-rot ; in Norfolk Jlowk-wort, from its being supposed to occa-
sion the flukes in the liver of rotten sheep; and by the husband-
man sheep' s-bane, “ because it killeth sheep that do eat thereof.”
This, however, is a vulgar error ; for the rot in sheep is owing
to their feeding in wet grounds, and perhaps to an insect (the
Fasciola hepatica), which from its shape is called a fluke or
flounder, and abounds in sucb situations, adhering to stones and
plants, as well as to the liver and biliary ducts of sheep af-
fected with the rot. This, together with Drosera or Sundew,
and Pingmcula or Butter-wort, are common in marshy places, and
therefore the rot in sheep has been ascribed to these ; but it is
pretty certain that neither sheep nor any other quadruped feed
on these plants.
Common Penny- wort. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. cr.
3 H. pusi'lla (Rich, hydro, p. 27. t. 52. f. 2.) plant rather
hairy ; leaves orbicular, not emarginate at the base, obsoletely
crenated, 7-nerved; flowers umbellate; umbels hardly contain-
ing so many as 12 flowers ; scapes equal in length to the petioles.
7/ . F. Native about Monte Video, in arid places ; and on
shady rocks at Rio Paquaquer, in the province of Rio Janeiro ;
also of Buenos Ayres. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
357. Flowers small. Petioles biauriculate at the base, and as
if they were minutely stipulate (Rich.). Fruit smooth; meri-
carps marked with a single elevated line on each side. The
Buenos Ayrean plant differs from the Brazilian one in being per-
fectly glabrous.
Small Penny-wort. PI. creeping.
4 H. mode'sta (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 358.) leaves on
long petioles, orbicularly reniform, glabrous, 9-nerved ; petioles
pilose at the apex, as well as the young branches ; umbels on
short peduncles, many rayed ; fruit small, emarginate at both
ends. 7/ . B. F. Native of Brazil, in the province of Monte
Video; and of Chili about Valparaiso. Petioles 3-12 inches
long. Peduncles an inch long, rarely more, and sometimes only
3 lines. Fruit smaller than in any other species ; mericarps
marked with a hardly elevated line on the sides.
Modest Pennywort. PI. cr.
5 H. Barbaro'ssa (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 360.) leaves
on long petioles, peltate, orbicular, 8-nerved, 8-lobed, and cre-
nated, and are, as well as the petioles, clothed with rufous hairs;
umbels on long peduncles, many (50-60) rayed ; fruit nearly
globose, ovoid, rather emarginate, acutely ribbed. 7/ . F. Na-
tive of Brazil, in shady woods near New’ Friburg. Petioles 4-8
UMBELLIFERiE. I. Hydrocotyle.
249
inches long, but rather shorter than the peduncles ; pedicels 3-6
lines long.
Barbarossa Penny-wort. PI. cr.
6 H. umbella'ta (Lin. spec. p. 234.) plant glabrous ; leaves
peltate, orbicular, emarginate at the base, doubly crenated,
usually 1 1-12 nerved ; scapes rather shorter than the petioles ;
umbels 20-30-flowered ; flowers distinctly pedicellate. 1£. B. F.
Native of the West Indies, Peru, and at Tampico in the Bay of
Mexico, as well as of Cuba and North America. Spreng. umb.
p. 1. 1. 1. f. 1. Rich. hydr. p. 28. t. 52. f. 3. Umbels prolifer-
ous in the specimens received from Tampico, but simple in those
from Cuba. Corolla white. — Acaricoba, Piso, bras. p. 9. — Co-
tyledon aquatica, Sloane, jam. 1. p. 212.
Var. ft, umbellulata (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 161.) leaves
obsoletely crenated, 9-nerved ; scapes rather longer than the
! petioles; umbels 12-1 6-flowered. l^.B. H. Native of Carolina
and Virginia. Rich. hydr. p. 29. t. 53. f. 4. H. umbellata,
Pursh, Ell.
Umbellate-flowered Penny-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795.
PI. cr.
7 H. Bonarie'nsis (Lam. diet. 3. p. 147.) plant glabrous ;
leaves peltate, orbicular, 15-20-nerved, doubly crenated ; scapes
hardly longer, but often shorter than the petioles, umbellate at
the apex, and umbellately branched ; flowers disposed in inter-
rupted whorles along the brancldets. 7/ . B. F. Native of South
America, in marshy places not far from the sea, where it assumes
various forms. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 357. H.
umbellata ft, Bonariensis, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 345.
Var. a, multiflora (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 24. t. 246. f. a.)
rays of umbel 8-10 ; whorles consisting of 15-20 flowers each.
1L B. G. Native of Brazil, Peru, Buenos Ayres. H. Bonari-
ensis, Rich. Cav. icon. 5. t. 488.
Var. ft, tribotrys (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. f. b.) rays of umbel 3 ;
whorles 5-6-flowered. ”2/ . B. Native of Peru and Brazil. H.
polystachya a, Rich. hydr. p. 31.
Buenos Ayrcan Penny-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. Pl.tr.
8 H. petiola'ris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 60.) plant quite glabrous:
leaves peltate, orbicular, 1 0-12-nerved, simply and broadly cre-
nated, on long petioles ; scapes equal in length to the petioles,
umbellate at the apex, and umbellately branched ; branches 2-5,
interruptedly verticillate. T^.B. F. Native of the Mauritius.
H. vulgaris, Bory, voy. ex Rich. H. quinqueradiata, Pet. Th.
mss. ex Rich. H. polystachya ft, Rich. hydr. p. 31. Nearly
allied to H. Bonariensis, but differs in the lobes of the leaves
being simply crenated, in the petioles and scapes being nearly a
foot high. Fruit nearly orbicular, emarginate at the base ;
mericarps furnished with one rib on each side.
Petiolar Water Penny-wort. PI. 1 foot, cr.
9 H. Langsdo'rfii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 60.) plant glabrous or
rather pilose on the leaves while young ; leaves peltate, nearly
orbicular, with 5-7 short lobes, crenated, 5-7-nerved; peduncles
much longer than the petioles ; umbel simple, containing 15-20
pedicellate flowers, surrounded by an 8-10-leaved reflexed in-
i volucrum. 1£. B. F. Native of Brazil, in the Island of St.
Catharine. Stems long, creeping, slender. Peduncles 5-8 inches
high. Adult leaves glabrous on both surfaces ; lobes either
acute or obtuse. Pedicels 3 times the length of the involucrum.
Langsdorf’s Penny-wort. PI. cr.
10 H. gra'cilis (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 26. t. 247. f. 6.)
leaves peltate, orbicular, 7-angled, 7-nerved, glabrous, crenated ;
petioles and scapes hairy ; scapes shorter than the petioles ;
umbels 5-7-flowered. 1£. B. F. Native of Peru, in stagnant
watery places, and on the edges of rivulets. Rich. hydr. p. 32.
Stems creeping. This species differs from all others in the
present section in the leaves being acutely angled.
Slender Penny- wort. PI. cr.
VOL. III.
11 H. Humeo'ldtii (Rich. hydr. p. 33. t. 53. f. 6.) leaves
peltate, 5-6-lobed, hairy on both surfaces : lobes short, ovate,
acute, doubly serrated ; petioles, stems, and peduncles glabrous ;
umbels simple, 20-flowered ; fruit orbicular, nearly without ribs.
1 B. F. Native of the kingdom of Quito. If. . B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 32. but H. Humboldtii, Willd. herb, is
distinct from this, but is referrible to H. Bonpldndii.
Humboldt’s Penny-wort. PI. cr.
12 H. Aste'rias (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
361:) stems decumbent, at length glabrous ; leaves peltate, pe-
tiolate, 3-5-lobed, at length glabrous : lobes lanceolate, unequally
serrated ; peduncles longer than the petioles ; umbels simple,
14-18-flowered ; fruit tubercular, emarginate at the base, with
conspicuous ribs. Tj . B. S. Native of Brazil, within the tro-
pics. Lobes of leaves usually 4, of various breadths. H. varians,
Pohl, in litt.
Starry Penny-wort. PI. decumbent.
13 H. aconitifolia (Rich. hydr. p. 35. t. 53. f. 5.) leaves
peltate, orbicular, hairy on both surfaces, 7-lobed, 7-nerved:
lobes lanceolate, acute, doubly serrated ; petioles, peduncles, and
stems glabrous ; umbels simple, 20-30-flowered ; fruit orbicu-
lar, nearly without ribs. If. . B. G. Native of New Granada,
in shady places. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 23.
Monk's-hood-leaved Penny-wort. PI. cr.
14 H. macrophyTla (Pohl, in litt. 1828.) plant creeping;
leaves peltate, 7-cleft, 7-nerved, rather hispid above, especially
along the nerves, glabrous beneath ; lobes lanceolate, doubly
serrated ; petioles and peduncles very long, glabrous ; umbels
simple, 40-50-flowered ; fruit ribbed, emarginate at both ends.
%. B. F. Native of Brazil. Leaves 6 inches in diameter.
Hairs crowded at the tops of the petioles at the insertion of the
leaves.
Large-leaved Penny-wort. PI. cr.
15 H. quinque'loba (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 25. t. 248.
f b.) plant hairy ; leaves peltate, 5-nerved, palmately 5-cleft :
lobes acute, doubly serrated : the terminal or middle lobe longer
than the rest ; peduncles equal in length to the petioles ; umbels
simple, many flowered, globose. If. . B. F. Native of Peru, in
woods at Pillao ; and of Brazil near Corvo-Sicco. Rich. hydr.
p. 34. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 360. The whole
plant is rufous from pili. Pedicels 40-50 in each umbel, and
when bearing the fruit they are about 3 lines long. Fruit emar-
ginate at the base ; mericarps acutely 3-ribbed on the back.
Five-lobed- leaved Penny-wort. PI. cr.
16 H. ste'lla (Pohl, in litt. 1828. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 61.)
stems decumbent, villous ; leaves on long petioles, peltate, 5-
nerved, 5-cleft, villous on both surfaces: lobes broad-lanceolate,
doubly serrated, rather unequal ; umbels on long peduncles,
many rayed ; fruit pilose, ribbed, emarginate at the base, If. . B.
F. Native of Brazil. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the
preceding species.
\a£, bolax, a synonyme of fiwXoe,
bolos, a bole or lump ; the plant grows in dense tufts, hollowed
in the middle). Comm, in Juss. gen. p. 226. Gaud. fl. mal. in
ann. sc. nat. 5. p. 104. t. 3. f. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 78. — Bolax
species, Spreng. Azorella species of Lam.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx entire,
hardly conspicuous. Petals oval, entire. Styles short. Fruit
tetragonal, concave in the disk ; mericarps with 5 nerve-formed
smooth ribs, 1 dorsal, 2 in the middle forming the angles,
and 2 filiform inner ones ; commissure very narrow. — A tufted
herb, with the habit of Aretia. Leaves imbricate, trifid, gla-
brous, coriaceous : lobes ovate, obtuse ; petioles membranous,
rather corky, with the margins not ciliated. Umbels simple,
nearly sessile, 4-flowered. Leaves of involucrum 4, about equal
in length to the pedicels. F'ruit while young furnished with stel-
late down.
1 B. Cleba'ria (Comm. ined. ex Gaud. ann. sc. nat. 5. p.
104. t. 3. f. 2.) 7/ . F. Native of the Straits of Magellan, on
the mountains ; in the Maclove or Falkland Islands ; Chili and
UMBELLIFER/E. XV. Muiinum. XVI. Laretia. XVII. Drusa. XVIII. Huanaca.
Patagonia. D’Urv. fl. mal. p. 47. Gommier, Pern, voy. 2. p. 7.
and 65. ex D’Urv. Hydrocotyle gummifera, Lam. diet. 3. p.
156. ill. p. 189. f. 21. Bolax gummifera and B. complicata,
Spreng. umb. spec. p. 9. and p. 10. Azor611a caespitosa, Valil,
symb. 3. p. 48.
Clebaria Bolax. PI. A foot.
Cult. See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XV. MULI'NUM (an ancient name of an umbelliferous
plant). Pers. ench. 1. p. 309. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 94. D. C.
coll. mem. 5. p. 32. D. C. prod. 4. p. 79. but not of Gaudin. —
Bolax species of Spreng. — Selinum species of Cav.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digijnia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed,
permanent. Petals oval-oblong, acute, flat. Styles acute.
Fruit 4-winged or parallelly biscutate ; mericarps without vittae,
very much contracted at the commissure, compressed on the back,
5-ribbed ; middle rib on the back nerve-formed, as well as the
2 lateral ones, the 2 intermediate ones expanded into ample
lateral wings. — Suffruticose tufted herbs, natives of Chili. Leaves
3-5-cleft or undivided; petioles sheathing. Umbels simple;
pedicels longer than the many leaved involucrum. Flowers yel-
low. This genus, according to Lagasca, is probably divisible
into several.
1 M. spinosum (Pers. ench. 1. p. 309.) cauline leaves trifid;
segments subulate and spiny : lateral segments bipartite ; pe-
tioles sheathing, glabrous ; peduncles longer than the leaves ;
leaves of involucrum distinct, short, spreading a little ; fruit
orbicular. %. F. Native of Chili, on the highest mountains,
called Cordillera del Planchon and del Portillo, towards Men-
doza; between Los Ojos de Agua, and El Rio de Los Ojos de
Agua ; Andes of Chili, and Cordillera of Chili, at the elevation
of 5,500 or 7,000 feet. Selinum spinosum, Cav. icon. 5. p. 59.
t. 487. f. I. Bolax spinosus, Spreng. in Schultes, 6. p. 362.
exclusive of the synonymes. Stems half a foot high. Umbels
10-12-flowered. Petals of a reddish yellow-colour.
Spiny Muiinum. PI. \ foot.
2 M. proli'ferum (Pers. 1. c.) cauline leaves trifid ; segments
subulate, spinose ; petioles sheathing, glabrous ; leaves of in-
volucrum short, distinct, rather spreading ; umbels peduncu-
late, longer than the leaves ; fruit orbicular. % . F. Native
of South America, at Port Desire ; and of Chili, on the Andes
of Mendoza between San Isedro and Portezuela, on the declivi-
ties of mountains at the elevation of 5,000 to 10,000 feet.
Selinum prohferum, Cav. icon. 5. p. 58. t. 486. f. 1. Bolax
prolifer, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 361. Root twisted.
Stems 3-4 inches high, covered by the sheaths. Leaves gla-
brous. Umbels 5-7-flowered, sometimes proliferous. Petals
yellow.
Proliferous Muiinum. PI. ^ foot.
3 M. cunea'tum (Hook, and Arn. in Beech, bot. 1. p. 26.)
leaves wedge-shaped, trifid, and sometimes 5-6-cleft : each lobe
ending in a spiny point ; sheaths of leaves elongated, stiff,
ciliated ; umbels many flowrered, on short peduncles. % . F.
Native of Chili, about Valparaiso, and on the mountains of Val-
paraiso ; and at Huilquilema, in the province of Rare. Azo-
rella spinosa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 303. Fragosa spinosa, Ruiz et
Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 27.
Cuneated-leaved Muiinum. PI. foot.
4 M. uli'cinum (Gill, et Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 328. t. 64.)
leaves trifid : segments subulate, spiny ; umbels nearly sessile,
terminating the very short branches ; fruit elliptic, f? . F. Na-
tive of Chili, near La Cienega de Bonillo, near the tops of the
Uspallata range of mountains, at the elevation of 9,500 feet.
M. echinus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 79. Bolax echinus, Presl. mss.
A glabrous, much branched, humble, odoriferous plant. Petals
261
marked by an elevated longitudinal line in the middle. Leaves
of involucrum linear-subulate.
Furze-like Muiinum. Shrub to i foot.
5 M. microphy'llum (Pers. 1. c.) cauline leaves imbricate,
minute, tripartite : lobes linear -lanceolate, each terminated by a
hair ; petioles stem-clasping, ciliated at the base. T? . F. Native
of South America, at Port Desire. Selinum microphyllum, Cav.
icon. 5. p. 59. t. 486. f. 2. Petals reddish, yellow in the dried
state. Stem shrubby, 3 inches long, branched, covered by the
sheaths.
Small-leaved Muiinum. PI. \ foot.
6 M. albov agina'tum (Gill, et Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p.
328.) leaves trifid ; segments ovate-lanceolate, mucronate ; um-
bels axillary, small, few-flow'ered, sessile. . F. Native of
Chili, at Cerro de la Polcura, on the Andes of Mendoza. Shrub
branched, dichotomous.
White-sheathed Muiinum. PI. -i foot.
Cult. See Fragosa , p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XVI. LARE'TIA ( Llareta is the vernacular name of the
plant). Gill, et Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 329. t. 65.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digijnia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals ovate, entire. Fruit elliptic, square, flatly compressed
from the back, 4-winged ; mericarps lenticular, with dorsal ribs,
and 2 lateral marginal ones, destitute of vittae. Seed flat.
1 L. acau'lis (Gill, et Hook. 1. c.) %. F. Native of the
Andes of Chili, in Ell Valle de Fray Carlos, at the elevation of
10,000 feet; Cordillera of Chili, Los Ojos de Agua. Muiinum
acaule, Pers. ench. 1. p. 309. Selinum acaule, Cav. icon. 5. p.
59. t. 487. Root thickish, rather fusiform, woody. Plant
tufted. Leaves ovate, attenuated at the base ; umbel radical,
sessile.
Stemless Laretia. PI. foot.
Cult. See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XVII. DRU'SA (in honour of M. Le Dru, a French botanist
and traveller). D. C. ann. mus. 10. p. 466. t. 38. Spreng. umb.
prod. p. 15. f. 6. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 94. D. C. prod. 4. p. 80.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digijnia. Limb of calyx entire, not
perspicuous. Petals oval, entire. Fruit oval ; mericarps much
compressed on the back, without any vittae : the dorsal rib and
the 2 inner ones linear, and not prominent : the 2 intermediate
ones are drawn out into marginal repandly sinuated wings, having
the sinuses obtuse, and the angles furnished with hooked stellate
spinules. Seed much compressed. — A decumbent slender stoni-
ferous herb, native of TenerifFe. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
broadly 3-lobed, crenated. Hairs on divers parts of the plant
very different, some of which are stiff, stellate, and hooked at
the apex ; others are soft, simple, solitary, or in stellate fasci-
cles. Umbels axillary, pedunculate, 1-2-flowered, without any
involucrum. Flowers small, white. Plant with the habit of
Bomlesia, but the fruit is very different.
1 D. oppositifolia (D. C. 1. c.) ©. H. Native of Teneriffe,
on shady rocks between Port Orotava and Monte Verde. Sicyos
glandulosa, Poir. diet. 7. p. 155. Bowlesia oppositifolia, Buch.
uebers. can. p. 34. Poir. ill. gen. 3. p. 590. t. 934.
Opposite-leaved Drusa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. cr.
Cult. Sow the seeds of this plant in the open ground in any
warm situation.
XVIII. HUANA'CA (meaning not explained). Cav. icon. 6.
p. 18. t. 528. f. 2. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 32. prod. 4. p. 80. —
Oenanthe species, Spreng. — Spananthe species, Lag. am. nat. 2.
p. 93.
262 UMBELLIFER/E. XVIII. Huanaca. XIX. Diposis. XX. Spananthe. XXI. Homalocarpus. XXII. Pozoa.
Lin. syst. Pentandria , Digynia. Margin of calyx hardly
5-toothed. Petals lanceolate, entire. Styles 2, divaricate. Fruit
ovate, acutish ; mericarps rather compressed on the back : flat
inside, and with one furrow : convex on the outside, and fur-
nished with 3 lines : lines or ribs rather elevated ; carpophore
bifid. — Herbs perennial. Roots thick. Leaves radical, petio-
late, palmately 5-parted ; petioles dilated and ciliated at the
base. Stems or scapes naked. Umbels simple. Involucrum
of many spiny-ciliated leaves. Flowers on long pedicels, of a
reddish yellow-colour : outer ones of each umbel male. Allied
to Mulinum and Spananthe.
1 H. Cavaniele'sii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 81.) stems scape-formed,
trifid at the apex, and bearing 2 opposite sessile tripartite leaves ;
umbels 3 on each stem : lateral ones on long, and the middle on
a short peduncle ; segments of leaves filiform, multifid. H . F.
Native of South America, at the Straits of Magellan, and Port
Desire. H. acaulis, Cav. icon. 6. t. 528. f. 2. Oenanthe Hu-
anaca, Spreng. umb. prod. p. 37. and in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
628. Spananthe Huanaca, Lag. 1. c.
Cavanilles’s Huanaca. PI. \ foot.
2 FI. geraniifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 81.) scapes leafless,
simple, bearing only one simple umbel ; segments of leaves linear,
undivided. %. F. Native of Mexico. Bolax geraniifolius,
Presl, mss. Herb 1-2 inches high. Scapes numerous, a little
longer than the petioles. Umbels 15-20-flowered. Leaves of
involucrum linear, few, ciliated at the base.
Geranium-leaved Huanaca. PI. foot.
Cult. See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XIX. DIPO'SIS (from big, dis, twice, and ttouiq, posis, a
husband ; in reference to there being 2 male flowers in each um-
bellule, and only one fertile). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 33. t. 3.
f. O. prod. 4. p. 81. — Hydrocotyle species, Lam. Cav. — Spa-
nanthe species, Spreng.
Lin. syst. Pentandria , Digynia. Margin of calyx bluntly
5-toothed. Petals oval, flat, entire. Styles short. Fruit orbi-
cular, biscutate; mericarps compressed from the back, joined with
the narrow commissure, and therefore constituting 2 parallel
disks ; dorsal rib filiform, 2 lateral ones hidden, and the middle
ones girding the disk ; vittae wanting ; furrows between the ribs
broad and flat. — Stemless glabrous herbs, natives of Chili and
Brazil. Leaves all radical, petiolate, ternate : leaflets wedge-
shaped, toothed or cut at the apex ; the lateral segments some-
times 2-parted. Scapes longer than the leaves. Umbels com-
pound, 6-8-rayed ; peduncles much longer than the involucrum,
which is 4-5-leaved. Umbellules 3-flowered, middle flower fer-
tile, lateral 2 male ; hence the generic name. Flowers white.
The fruit is like that of Mulinum , and the inflorescence that of
Petdgnia.
1 D. sanicue/efolia (D. C. 1. c.) roots fusiform ; leaves ter-
nate : leaflets wedge-shaped, tridentate : lateral leaflets sometimes
2-parted; umbels 6-8-rayed. F. Native of Monte Video.
Hydrocotyle saniculaefolia, Lam. diet. 3. p. 154. Cav. icon. 5.
p. 60. t. 488. f. 2. Spananthe saniculaefolia, Spreng. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 357. Mulinum saniculaefolium, Desv. in herb. Juss.
Sanicle- leaved Diposis. PI. i to foot.
2 D. Bueboca'stanum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 668.) root tuber-
ous, globose; leaves many-parted. %. F. Native of Chili, in
sterile pastures, at Rancagua. Bunium Bulbocastanum ? Bertero,
herb. Herb glabrous. Root black on the outside, nearly like
that of Carum dcnuddlum or C. Bulbocastanum. Umbels com-
pound, 3-4-rayed, surrounded by a 3-5-leaved involucrum ; um-
bellules 3-flowered. Fruit parallelly biscutate.
Earth-nut Diposis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XX. SPANA NTHE (from oiravoQ, spanos, rare, and av$OQ,
anthos, a flower; flowers few in the umbels). Jacq. coll. 3. p.
247. Spreng. umb. prod. p. 34. Rich. hydr. p. 20. t. 50. f. 2.
Koch, umb. p. 142. f. 66-68. D. C. prod. 4. p. 81.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, entire, acutish, with a straight apex. Fruit ovate,
much compressed at the raphe, flat, and compressed from the back
on both sides ; mericarps flat, without any vittae ; ribs 5, very
slender, equal, 3 intermediate ones on the back, and the 2 lateral
ones seated in the commissure, which is flat. Seed flat. — A
South American branched erect herb, glabrous in every part,
except on the petioles, which are ciliated along the sheaths, and
ornamented with a collar of hairs under the origin of the limb.
Leaves cordate, toothed, acute. Umbels rather compound, pro-
liferous. Involucra composed of many leaves. Flowers white
on long pedicels.
1 S. panicula'ta (Jacq. 1. c. and icon. rar. 3. t. 350.) ©. S.
Native of South America, in Trinidad, and the Spanish Main, as
well as of Peru. Hydrocotyle spananthe, Willd. spec. 1. p.
1363. Phellandrium ciliatum, Willd. herb. Perhaps the Peru-
vian plant is the same as that from the Spanish Main, but it is
much smaller and hardly panicled.
Panicled Spananthe. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
Cxdt. The seeds of this plant should be raised on a hot-bed,
and wdien the plants are of sufficient size plant them into
separate pots, and then place them in the stove, where they will
flower and seed ; and some may be planted out in the open
ground. Not worth cultivating except in botanic gardens.
XXI. FIOMALOCA'RPUS (from bpaXog, homalos, equal,
and icapiroQ, karpos, a fruit). Hook, and Arn. in bot. misc. 3.
p. 348.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed :
teeth subulate, minute, hardly permanent. Petals ovate, con-
cave, entire. Styles 2, divaricate, short. Fruit roundish-ovate;
mericarps compressed on the back, flat, wingless, constituting
2 parallel disks ; commissure very narrow ; ribs 5, filiform,
very slender, hidden in the substance of the pericarp, one
dorsal, 2 lateral ones near the raphe, 2 middle ones forming the
angles, without any vittae ; carpophore entire. Seed less than
the cavity of the fruit.— Herb annual, erectish, hoary from stel-
late hairs, dichotomously branched. Root slender, simple.
Leaves petiolate, reniform-roundish, somewhat 5-lobed ; lobes
equal, ovate, obtuse, quite entire or deeply lobed ; lower leaves
alternate: superior ones opposite. Peduncles axillary and ter-
minal, about equal in length to the petioles. Umbels simple,
3-6-flowered. Teeth of calyx pilose, almost emulating a fascicle
of hairs. Fruit nearly twice the length of their pedicels, which
are a line long. This genus comes near to Spananthe.
1 H. bowlesioides (Hook. et Am, 1. c.) ©. H. Native of
the Cordillera of Chili. The ridges or ribs of the fruit are only
to be seen on a transverse section of the fruit, because they are
sunk in a thin substance of the pericarp. The middle ridges
do not expand into wings as in Mulinum, and some other allied
genera.
Bowlesia-likc Homalocarpus. PI. i to foot.
Cult. See Spananthe above for culture and propagation.
XXII. POZO'A (name given by Lagasca in honour of some
Spanish botanist of the name of Pozo). Lag. gen. et spec. nov.
p. 13. no. 163. am. nat. 2. p. 93. D. C. prod. 4. p. 82. Gill, et
Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 330. t. 66.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed, perma-
UMBELLIFERdE. XXII. Pozoa. XXIII. Asteriscium. XXIV. Actinotus. XXV. Petagnia. 263
nent. Petals entire. Fruit prismatically tetragonal, 5-ribbed,
crowned by the calyx, emarginate at the apex ; mericarps con-
cave and channelled on the back : lateral ribs close, nearly in
straight lines ; commissure much contracted. — Herb. Leaves on
long petioles, simple, cuneated, profoundly toothed at the apex,
quintuple nerved. Umbels simple. Involucrum obsoletely lobed,
crenately toothed, many nerved : nerves branched a little. — This
genus is allied to Astrantia and Mulinum.
1 P. coria'cea (Lag. gen. et spec. 1. c.) 1/ . F. Native of
the Cordillera of Chili, in various places at Santa Madre Los
Impossibles, and other places on the Andes of Chili between
Mendoza and Chili. Mulinum anguDtum, D. C. prod. 4. p. 86.
Hacquetia bracteogama, D. C. prod. 4. p. 668.
Coriaceous Pozoa. PI. \ foot.
N.B. There are two other species of this genus mentioned
by Lagasca in am. nat. 2. p. 94. under the names of P. denticu-
lata and P. incisa, but these he has not described.
Cult. See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
XXIII. ASTERI'SCIUM (from aarrip, aster, a star ; in re-
ference to the starry involucels or umbels). Cham, and Schlecht.
in Linnaea. 1. p. 254. t. 25. f. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 82. — Pozoa,
spec. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 116. — Cassidocarpus, Presl, in herb.
Haenke.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed, perma-
nent : teeth ovate. Petals ending in an indexed point, emargi-
nate, with the recess callous. Fruit compressed, tetragonally
prismatic, crowned by the calyx, rounded at the base ; mericarps
5-ribbed, 2 intermediate ribs expanded into wings, central one
as well as the 2 placed near the raphe stripe-formed : having the
furrows between the ribs destitute of vittae ; commissure very
narrow. Seed unknown. — Quite glabrous perennial herbs.
Stems terete, branched, few-leaved. Leaves petiolate, simple,
roundish-cuneated, unequally toothed, somewhat 3-lobed, 3-5-
nerved, rather coriaceous. Umbels simple, nearly globose. In-
volucrum many leaved, shorter than the umbel. Flowers either
sterile and male, on long pedicels, or fertile and hermaphrodite in
the same umbel. — This genus differs from Pozoa and Mulinum
in the petals being emarginate, not entire.
1 A. Chiee'nsis (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.) leaves 3-lobed,
deeply serrated ; peduncles elongated, scattered ; petals deeply
emarginate, ending in a long involute point ; fruit narrowest at
the base ; leaves of involucrum lanceolate, cut. l/.F. Native of
Chili, in dry sandy places about Talcaguano, and about Concep-
tion ; Cuesta de Zapata, at the elevation of 6,000 feet ; cliffs by
the sea side at Valparaiso. Hook. bot. misc. 1. p. 332. t. 67.
A. Anisillo vulgo Mouchu, Feuill. chil. 3. t. 2.
Far. f3, Hcenkei (D. C. prod. 4. p. 82.) lower leaves round-
ish, undivided, acutely few- toothed at the apex : upper leaves
trifid. F. Native of Chili. Cassidocarpus Chilensis, Presl,
in herb. Haenke. Eryngium tricuspidatum, Domb. herb.
Chili Asteriscium. PI. A foot.
2 A. Poeppi'gii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 82.) leaves deeply trifid ;
lobes obovate, obtuse, regularly toothed. 1/ . F. Native of
Chili. Very like the preceding, but differs in the lobes of the
leaves and recesses being obtuse, and regularly toothed all
around.
Poeppig’s Astericium. PI. foot.
3 A. polyce'phat.um (Gill, et Hook, in bot. misc. 1 . p. 332.
t. 67. l3,) plant leafless? peduncles corymbose, numerous, some-
times abortive and spinose ; petals entire, acute, with an invo-
lute apex ; fruit broadly oblong ; leaves of involucrum linear,
entire. 1/ . F. Native of Chili, in the valleys on the Andes
near Ladera dela Jaula, and towards Uspallata in the province
of Mendoza, at the elevation of 7,500 feet. Mulinum Diptery-
gia, D. C. prod. 4. p. 80. The reflexed petals of this species
and the next forbid their being united to Mulinum.
Many-lieaded Asteriscium. PI. ^ foot.
4 A. isatidica'rpum (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p.
352 ) stem much branched; branches terete; umbels many,
few-flowered, disposed in panicles ; involucra of few leaves ;
fruit oval, parallelly biscutate ; mericarps approximate. 7/ . F.
Native of the Cordillera of Chili. Mulinum isatidicarpum, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 80. Dipterygia isatidicarpa, Presl, mss. Umbels
small, very numerous. Carpophore bipartite ; mature mericarps
yellow, rather cuneated at the base.
I satis-fruited Asteriscium. PI. \ foot.
Cult. See Fragosa, p. 259. for culture and propagation.
Tribe III.
SANICU'LEA5 (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Sani-
cula in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 82. or Umbel-
latae imperlectae Orthospermae turgidae, Koch. umb. 138. — Um-
bellatae disciscentes, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 30. exclu-
sive of 3 genera. Transverse section of fruit nearly terete.
Mericarps covered with scales, furnished with 5 equal primary
ribs, without any secondary ones, and destitute of vittae. Trans-
verse section of seed semi-terete, flatfish in front. Petals erect,
bent inwards from the middle, and emarginate. Umbels fasci-
culate or capitate, simple or irregularly subcompound.
XXIV. ACTINO'TUS (from aKrir cucrivog, actin actinos, a
ray ; involucrum). Labill. nov. boll. (1804) l.p. 67. t. 92. R.
Br. gen. rem. p. 25. D. C. prod. 4. p. 83. — Eriocalia, Smith, exot.
bot. (1805) 2. p. 37. t. 78-79. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
31. and 639. Lag. am. nat. 1821. no. 2. p. 105. — Proustia,
Lag. in litt. 1807. but not of D. C.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Tube of calyx ovate, con-
tracted at the top ; limb 5-lobed : lobes oval-oblong. Petals
wanting. Stamens opposite the calycine lobes. Styles 2, thick-
ened at the base and villous, but setaceous at the apex. Ova-
rium 1-ovulate. Fruit ovate, villous, marked by 5 stripes, and
crowned by the calyx. — Erect branched Australian herbs.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, variously cut. Umbels simple, many
flowered, capitate ; pedicels very short ; involucrum many leaved,
radiating, longer than the flowers.
1 A. Helia'nthi (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 67. t. 92.) the whole
plant clothed with tomentose wool ; leaves bipinnatifid : lobules
bluntish ; involucrum 10-18-leaved, clothed with soft tomentum.
$ . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson, &c.
Eriocalia m&jor, Smith, exot. bot. t. 78. Involucrum expanded
li or 2 inches in diameter, yellow. Flowers white.
Sun-flower Actinotus. FI. June. Clt. 1821. PI. 2 feet.
2 A. mi'nor (D. C. prod. 4. p. 83.) plant smoothish ; leaves
clothed with adpressed villi beneath, ternate ; segments or leaf-
lets trifid, acute; involucrum 9-10-leaved, acute, clothed with
silky villi. ©. H. Native of New Holland, on the Eastern coast.
Eriocalia minor, Smith, exot. bot. t. 79. Sieb. pi. exsic. nov.
holl. no. 127. Involucrum expanded, 5 lines in diameter, red.
Smaller Actinotus. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The seeds of these plants may be reared on a hot-bed
in spring, and in the month of May the plants should be planted
out in the open border in a warm situation, where they will
flower and seed freely.
XXV. PETA'GNIA (in honour of Vincent Petagna, a Nea-
politan botanist, author of Institutiones Botanicae, in 5 vols. 8vo.
Naples, 1785-1787). Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 311. and in litt.
D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 35. but not of Gmel. nor Rafin. — Hete-
rosciadium, D. C. mss. in herb. Balb.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Umbellules containing only
UMBELLlFERiE. XXV. Petagnia. XXVI. Sanicula.
264
3 flowers ; central one hermaphrodite, fertile, sessile : 2 lateral
ones male, pedicellate ; the pedicels rather concrete at the base,
with the calyx of the fertile or central flower. Male flowers
with the tube of the calyx almost wanting, but with an obsolete
somewhat 5-toothed limb ; petals oval-oblong, acute at both
ends, inflexed at the apex ; stamens 5, alternating with the
petals, and longer than them. Female or hermaphrodite flowers,
having the tube of the calyx ovate and compressed, and the
limb obsolete : petals the same shape as those of the male
flowers, rather membranous, permanent ; stamens 5, caducous ;
styles 2, filiform, divaricate, very long; fruit ovate, compressed,
8-nerved, with 3 nerves on each side, particularly one central,
indicating where the raphe is, 2 in the middle, and 2 more con-
spicuous, seated on the dorsal angle of the mericarps. Meri-
carps and carpophore not distinct. Fruit empty or containing
one ovulum, from one of the mericarps being abortive. — Herb
perennial, smooth. Root or rhizoma like that of Adoxa or
Hacquetia. Leaf radical, on a long petiole, rather peltate, .5-
parted : partitions oval-cuneated, somewhat 3-lobed at the apex,
and toothed : teeth mucronate. Stem solitary, hardly half a foot
high, bearing at the apex 2 almost sessile opposite 3-lobed tooth-
ed leaves. Branches 2, bifid at the apex. Bracteas or leaves
of involucrum 2, opposite, oblong, acute, mucronately serrated,
seated just under the branches. Branches or rays of umbel 2,
short, bearing each 3 flowers at the apex, furnished with 2 small
bracteas under the ramifications. This very singular genus is
allied to Hacquetia and Sanicula.
1 P. saniculalfolia (Guss. 1. c.) 1/. H. Native of Sicily,
in groves by the sides of rivulets, in cool places. Sison Gusso-
nianum, Balb. herb. Sison Gussonii, Spreng. cur. post.
a Panicle-leaved Petagnia. PI. foot.
Cult. See Hacquetia , p. 265. for culture and propagation.
XXVI. SANI'CULA (from sano, to heal or cure ; supposed
healing effects of the S. Europcea). Tourn. inst. p. 326. t. 173.
Lin. gen. no. 326. Lam. ill. 191. Hoffm. umb. prod. 65. t. 1.
f. 1. Spreng. umb. p. 24. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 105. Koch. umb.
p. 139. D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 35.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx echinated ;
lobes foliaceous (f. 59. c.), permanent. Petals erect, conniving,
obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point (f. 59. g.). Fruit
nearly globose, not separable into 2 parts spontaneously ; meri-
carps destitute of ribs, but furnished with many vittae, and densely
clothed with hooked prickles ; carpophore not distinct. Seed semi-
globose. — Perennial herbs. Leaves radical, petiolate, palmate
iobed : lobes cuneated, deeply toothed at the apex. Stems either
naked or furnished with a very few leaves. General umbel with
few rays ; leaves of involucrum few, and usually divided. Um-
bellules of many rays ; leaves of involucel many, entire. Flowers
male, female, and hermaphrodite in the same umbel.
Sect. I. Sani'cla (an alteration from the generic name).
Tube of calyx echinated. Leaves palmate lobed.
1 S. Europje'a (Lin. spec. 339.) leaves radical, palmate-
parted ; lobes trifid, toothed ; flowers polygamous, all nearly
sessile, disposed in umbellules ; lobes of calyx denticulated.
If. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe and Caucasus,
in woods and groves, and particularly by the sides of rivulets.
Oed. fl. dan. 293. Schkuhr, handb. t. 60. Hoffm. umb. p. 67.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 98. Blackw. herb. t. 63. S. officinarum,
Neck, gallob. p. 137. Astrantia Diapensia, Scop. earn. 304. S.
mas. Fuchs, hist. p. 671. S. officinalis, Gouan, hort. 131.
Caucalis Sanicula, Crantz. Flowers white or tinged with red,
sessile, disposed in little heads. The plant was much celebrated
formerly as a vulnerary. It discovers to the taste a bitterness
and roughness. It has, however, been long discarded in medi-
cine, and in Sir James Smith’s opinion it seems to partake of that
poisonous acrimony, which is found in most umbelliferous plants
growing in a moist rich soil.
Ear. fi, Capensis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 253.)
plant taller than the species ; stems leafy, branched ; panicle
dichotomous. If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. S.
Canadensis, Thunb. fl. cap. 254. exclusive of the synonymes.
Perhaps a proper species.
European Sanicle. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1§ foot.
2 S. Maryla'ndica (Lin. spec. 339.) leaves quinately digi-
tate, deeply serrated : lower ones pedate, on long petioles ;
flowers polygamous : male ones pedicellate ; lobes of calyx en-
tire. 7/ . H. Native of North America, and as far as the Sas-
katchawan ; Newfoundland ; undulating gravelly soils, near Fort
Vancouver; as well as of Carolina, Maryland, and Pennsyl-
vania. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 348. Lam. ill. t. 91. f. 2. S. Cana-
densis, Lin. spec. p. 339. Flowers whitish or yellowish.
Maryland Sanicle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1765. PI. 2 feet.
3 S. Mexica'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 84.) radical leaves, as
well as the cauline ones, palmate ; leaflets on short petioles,
rather cuneated at the base : lateral leaflets parted : middle one,
and inner lobe of the lateral ones, somewhat trifid : all cuspi-
dately toothed, and quite smooth ; umbels 3-rayed ; rays hardly
longer than the floral leaf ; male flowers on short pedicels. If.
H. Native of Mexico, between Tampico and Real del Monte.
Stem simple, hardly a foot high, furnished with 3-4 alternate
leaves. Allied to S. Marylandica, but differs as above.
Mexican Sanicle. PI. 1 foot.
4 S. Li'berta (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 253.)
leaves 5-parted ; partitions cuneated, 3-lobed, deeply serrated ;
serratures cuspidate by bristles ; flowers polygamous : male
ones few, on capillary pedicels : female ones sessile. 1/ . G.
Native of South America, near Caripe ; and of Chili near Tal-
caguano and Conception ; valleys near Valparaiso, where it is
called Pato de Leon by the natives. S. crassicaulis, Poepp.
diar. no. 227. pi. exsic. no. 92. Plant 4 feet high.
Freed Sanicle. PI. 4 feet.
5 S. Menzie'sii (Hook, et Am. in Beech, bot. voy. p. 142.)
plant caulescent ; leaves on long petioles, cordate, deeply trifid :
segments broad, obovate, cuneated, variously lobed, deeply ser-
rated : serratures very acute, ending each in a bristly point ;
umbels rather compound ; leaves of involucels lanceolate, acute,
equal in length to the umbellules. If. H. Native of the north-
west coast of America ; on the banks of the Columbia in dry
sandy places; as well as of California. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 290. t. 90. Root fusiform. Plant smooth. Stem leafy, pa-
nicled at the apex. Male flowers on short pedicels. Segments
of cauline leaves lanceolate.
Menzies s Sanicle. PI. 1 to l-§- foot.
6 S. ela'ta (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 183.) leaves
ternate or tripartite, glabrous ; segments or leaflets sessile,
ovate, acute, lobed, and serrated, cuneated at the base : lateral
segments usually 2-parted ; stem dichotomous at the apex ;
umbels trifid, few-flowered ; flowers polygamous : male ones
pedicellate. 1/ . H. Native of Nipaul. S. Canadensis, Thunb.
fl. jap. p. 116. Stem 1-2 feet high, erect, simple.
Tall Sanicle. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
7 S. hermaphrodi'ta (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
183.) leaves ternate, glabrous ; leaflets ovate, acute at both ends,
lobed, and serrated ; umbels trifid, usually 5-flowered ; flowers
all hermaphrodite and sessile. If. H. Native of Upper Nipaul,
at Suembu. Stem erect, branched, slender, flexuous, a span
high or more.
Hermaphrodite Sanicle. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
8 S. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p. 832.) leaves palmately 5-
lobed, setaceously serrated; lobes rather trifid; male flowers
UMBELLIFER.E. XXVI. Sanicula. XXVII. Hacquetia. XXVIII. Astrantia.
265
numerous, pedicellate. % . S. Native of Java, on the top of
Mount Gede. Perhaps this is the same as S. Javanica, Juss.
from the description of the leaves ; but the umbels are nakedish
above, in the forks of the stem, and on the tops of the branches,
each umbel bearing 3 nearly sessile fruit afterwards.
Java Sanicle. PI. 1 foot.
9 S. monta'na (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 832.) leaves all
ternate ; leaflets somewhat 3-lobed, rather ovate-rhomboid,
deeply and setaceously serrated; flowers all pedicellate. If. S.
Native of Java, in mountain woods in humid places. Said to be
nearly allied to S. Canadensis.
Mountain Sanicle. PL 1 to 2 feet.
10 S. ? Tricli'nium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 85.) leaves on long
petioles, glabrous, ternate ; leaflets oblong, unequally toothed,
lobed at the apex ; radical leaves rather palmate : lateral seg-
ments bipartite ; flowers all hermaphrodite. Tf.H. Native of
Louisiana. Panax, Robin, voy. Louis, p. 469. Triclinium
odoratum, Rafin. fl. lud. p. 79. Flowers greenish, sweet-scented.
Said to be a congener of S. Marylandica.
Triclinium Sanicle. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
11 S. bipinnatifida (Dough mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p.258. t. 92.) plant caulescent; leaves bipinnatifid : lower ones
on long petioles ; segments remote, obovate or obovate-lanceo-
late, acute, deeply serrated : serratures very acute ; rachis
winged, acutely toothed; peduncles elongated; umbels com-
pound, somewhat proliferous ; umbellules globose. 1/ H. Na-
tive of the north-west coast of America, at Fort Vancouver, on
the Columbia. Root rather fusiform. Plant glabrous. Stem
erect, branched, furnished with a few leaves. Segments of the
upper cauline leaves narrow. Male flowers on short pedicels.
Bipinnatifid- leaved Sanicle. PI. 1 foot.
FIG. 59.
12 S. arctopodioi'des (Hook,
et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
141.) plant almost stemless;
leaves on long petioles, pro-
foundly 3- parted; segments long,
cuneated : lateral ones bifid : in-
termediate one trifid ; all are
somewhat ciliately pinnatifid ; pe-
duncle hardly longer than the
leaves ; leaves of involucrum fo-
liaceous, lanceolate, quite entire,
longer than the simple compact
umbel. 2f. H. Native of the
north-west coast of America, and
North California. Hook. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 258. t. 91. Root fu-
siform. Habit of the genus Arctopus.
Arctopus-like Sanicle. PL \ foot.
Sect. II. Sanicoria (an alteration from the generic name).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 85. Tube of calyx smooth, but perhaps only
in the flowering time. Leaves bipinnate-parted.
13 S. grave' olens (Poepp. diar. no. 222. pi. exsic. no. 93.)
leaves bipinnate-parted ; segments pinnatifid : lobes obtuse ;
flowering branches elongated, nearly naked, trifid at the apex ;
umbellules by threes, on short peduncles ; flowers 12-15 in each
umbellule : male ones nearly sessile: female one central. If.
F. Native of Chili. Leaves almost like those of Scrophularia
canina. Umbels truly compound. Flowers yellowish in the
dried state. Petals cuneate, emarginate, having the segment
at the top reflexed. Filaments of young stamens inflexed.
Styles very long. Male flowers more numerous in the umbels
than the sessile female flowers. Calyx of the male flowers
smooth, of the female echinated.
Strong-scented Sanicle. PL 1 foot.
Cult. The species of Samcula grow best in a shaded rather
VOL. III.
moist situation, and they are easily propagated by dividing at the
root. Some of the species being natives of warm climates, will
require to be protected in winter.
XXVII. HACQUE'TIA (in honour of Balth Hacquet ;
author of Plantae Alpinee Carniolicae, 4to. Vienna, (1782) Neck,
elem. (1790) no. 306.) D. C. prod. 4. p. 85. — Dondia, Spreng.
mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 8. umb. prod. p. 21. f. 2. Lag. am. nat.
2. p. 96. Koch, umb. p. 140 — Astrantia species, Lin. fil. —
Dondisia, Rchb. but not of D. C.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx furnished
with 10 ribs, and 5 lobes : lobes foliaceous, permanent. Petals
erect, connivent, obovate : with the segment at the apex length
of the limb of the petal, and bent in from the middle. Fruit
crowned by the calyx, contracted from the sides ; mericarps gib-
bously convex, furnished with 5 filiform ribs. — A small pe-
rennial herb. Leaves radical, petiolate, palmate ; leaflets 3-
cuneated, 2-3-cleft, mucronately serrated. Scapes 1-3, bearing
at their tops simple umbels. Involucrum of 5-6 obovate leaves,
which are toothed at the apex, and longer than the umbels. Flowers
yellow, on short pedicels, some male, and some female. Fruit
compressed from the sides ; mericarps with 5 broad ribs, which
are rather connate at the base, but separated by channels above.
1 H. Epipa'ctis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 85.) ~lf . H. Native of
Rhaetia, on the mountains in the valley of Angustana ; Carinthia,
Carniola, &c. Astrantia Epipactis, Lin. fil. supp. p. 177. Scop,
earn. t. 6. Jacq. austr. 5. t. 11. Sturm, deutschl. fl. with a
figure. Dondia Epipactis, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 241.
— Lob. icon. t. 664. Flowers yellow'.
Epipactis Hacquetia. FL March, April. Clt. 1823. PL \
to \ foot.
Cult. See Samcula above for culture and propagation. The
plant, however, does best in a pot in a mixture of sand and peat,
placed among other alpine plants.
XXVIII. ASTRA'NTIA (from aarpor, astron, a star, and
am, anti, in composition signifying comparison ; in reference to
the appearance of the umbels of flowers). Tourn. inst. 166. Lam.
ill. t. 191. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 97. Koch, umb. p. 137. f. 42, 43.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 86. — Astrantia species, Lin. gen. no. 327.
Spreng. prod. p. 19.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Tube of calyx 10-ribbed,
with tubercular plaits ; lobes 5, foliaceous. Petals erect, con-
nivent, oblong-obovate : bent in from the middle by a segment,
which is nearly the length of the petal. Fruit rather compres-
sed from the back ; mericarps without any vittae, but having 5
elevated obtuse plicately toothed inflated ribs, inclosing in the
cavity of each a smaller fistular rib ; carpophore not distinct. Seed
semi-terete. — Perennial herbs, natives of Europe and Cau-
casus. Roots blackish. Radical leaves petiolate, palmately
lobed : cauline ones few, sessile. Universal umbels irregular,
of few rays, surrounded by variable involucra ; partial um-
bels regular, and containing many flowers, surrounded by
many leaved involucels. Flowers white or rose-coloured, pedi-
cellate, usually polygamous, the female ones alone fertile.
1 A. mi'nor (Lin. spec. p. 340.) leaves palmate ; segments
7-9, lanceolate, acute, profoundly and acutely toothed ; leaves of
involucrum entire, about equal in length to the umbel. If. H.
Native of the higher Alps of France, Switzerland, Italy, Ger-
many, &c. Lam. ill. 191. f. 2. Sturm, deutschl. fl. with a good
figure. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 93. A. minor var. a and /3, D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 353. A. digitata, Mcench, meth. p. 94. Hall. hist. no.
791. Leaves of involucrum white and acute. Flowers white.
Far. (1, macrodonta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 86.) segments of leaves
lanceolate-linear, profoundly and sharply serrated ; leaves of in-
volucrum exceeding the umbel. 1/ . H. Native of the Alps of
Piedmont. — Bocc. pi. sic. p. 10. t. 5. f. 111.
Mm
266 UMBELLIFERiE. XXVIII. Astrantia. XXIX. Alepidea. XXX. Horsfieldia. XXXI. Eryngium.
Smaller Master- wort. FI. May, June. Clt. 1686. PL to
•y foot.
2 A. pauciflora (Bertol, journ. bot. 1813. p. 76. am. itin.
96. and 347.) leaves palmate ; segments 5-7, entire at the base,
but finely and sharply serrated from the middle to the apex ;
leaves of involucrum entire, exceeding the umbel. !{.. H. Na-
tive of the mountains of Abruzzo and Naples. Very like A.
minor. There is a variety having the segments of the leaves
linear or oval-oblong.
Few-Jlorvered Master-wort. FI. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft.
3 A. Carnio'lica (Jacq. fl. austr. 6. t. 10.) radical leaves
palmate-parted : lobes 5-7, oblong, acuminated, unequally ser-
rated, toothed; leaves of involucrum 12-13, quite entire,
exceeding the umbel. 7/. H. Native of Carinthia, Car-
niola, in alpine meadows. Sturm, deutschl. fl. with a figure.
A. major ft, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 341. A. minor,
Scop. fl. earn. no. 305. t. 7. Smith, exot. bot. 2. t. 77. Habit
of A. minor, but with the character of A. major. Leaves of in-
volucrum white, with a green line running along the middle of each,
tinged with red. Petals white. Cauline leaves 3-lobed or simple.
Root dark brown, having an aromatic balsamic smell, with a
taste at first slightly aromatic, but nauseous, and afterwards acid.
Carniolan Master- wort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. PI. \
to 1 foot.
4 A. ma'jor (Lin. spec. p. 339.) radical leaves palmate-
parted : lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather trifid, toothed,
ciliated with bristles ; leaves of involucrum 15-20, linear-lanceo-
late, quite entire, hardly longer than the umbel. %. H. Na-
tive nearly throughout the whole of Europe and Eastern Cauca-
sus, in mountain meadows and woods. Lam. ill. t. 191. f. 1.
Nees, off. pfl. 12. t. 6. Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. 13. Smith, exot.
bot. 2. t. 76. Rivin. t. 68. Plenck, icon. t. 225. A. nigra, Lob.
icon. t. 681. Scop. earn. no. 306. Blackw. t. 470. A. Candida,
Mill. diet. no. 2. A. alpina, Munt. phyt. t. 111. Helleborus
niger, Gard. aix. t. 46. A. major a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst.
6. p. 341.
Far. a; leaves of involucel white ; flowers white.
Far. ft ; leaves of involucel purplish ; flowers tinged with red.
Larger Master-wort. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
5 A. interme'dia (Bieb. suppl. p. 194.) radical leaves pal-
mate-parted : lobes 5, rarely only 3, oval-oblong, deeply biser-
rated, and ciliated with bristles ; cauline leaves nearly palmate ;
leaves of involucrum 12-13, oblong-lanceolate, bearing from
1 to 3 spines each at the apex, exceeding the umbel a little.
1£. H. Native of Caucasus, in mountain meadows. A.
trifida, Hoffm. umb. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 8. A. Caucasica, Spreng.
umb. p. 17. syst. 8. p. 874. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers
pink ?
Far. ft; leaves of involucel nearly entire. H. Native
of Caucasus and the mountains of Naples. A. major, Bieb. fl.
and suppl. no. 509.
Intermediate Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft.
6 A. HELLEBORiFOEi a (Salisb. par. lond. 1. t. 60.) radical
leaves palmate-parted ; lobes 3, ovate-lanceolate, unequally ser-
iated, ciliated with bristles; leaves of involucrum 12-13, ovate-
lanceolate, exceeding the umbel a little, ciliated with bristles their
whole length. 1+.. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, in the more
elevated meadows. A. maxima, Pall. nov. act. petrop. 7. p.
357. t. 11. Sims, bot. mag. 1553. A. heterophylla, Willd. nov.
act. berol. 3. p. 419. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 202. suppl. p. 196.
Involucrum and flowers pink. There are varieties of this species
having the cauline leaves either 3-lobed or undivided.
Hellebore-leaved Master-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species of this genus grow well in any common
garden soil, and are well adapted for ornamenting flower-borders,
being rather pretty ; they are easily increased by dividing at the
root. A. minor and A. Carniolica, being more tender than the
rest, should be grown in pots, and placed among other alpine
plants.
XXIX. ALEPI'DEA (meaning unknown to us). Laroch.
eryng. p. 19. t. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 87. — Astrantia species of
Lin. fil.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Tube of calyx beset with
minute tubercles. Petals inflexed. Transverse section of fruit
terete, ovate, tubercular on the outside ; mericarps without ribs,
and without vittas ; carpophore adnate its whole length to the
seeds. — An herb, with the habit of Eryngium nudicaule, native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Radical leaves petiolate, oblong,
ciliately toothed from spinescent bristles. Stems nearly naked,
branched, umbellate at the apex. Leaves under the branches
small, and stem-clasping. Umbels like those of Astrtintia. An
intermediate genus between Astrantia and Eryngium.
1 A. cilia'ris (Laroch. 1. c.) 7/. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Tratt. arch. t. 204. Astrantia ciliaris, Lin. fil.
suppl. 177. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 196. Jasione Capensis, Berg,
act. ups. 3. p. 187. t. 10. Umbel 3-rayed, surrounded by a
2-3-leaved involucrum. Leaves of involucel 10, coloured, broad-
lanceolate, acute, longer than the flowers.
CiliatedAeaved Alepidea. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. Any light rich soil will suit this plant, and it will be
easily increased by dividing at the root.
XXX. HORSFIE'LDIA (in honour of Thomas Horsfield,
M.D. F.R.S. F.L.S. &c. ; author of numerous works on Indian
zoology). Blum. mss. but not of Willd. D. C. prod. 4. p. 87. —
Sclnibertia, Blum, bijdr. p. 884. but not of Mart, nor Mirb.
Lin. syst. Pentandria , Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete,
quite entire. Petals ovate, cuspidate, flat. Fruit compressed,
villous ; mericarps 3-ribbed on the back. — A prickly shrub.
Leaves cordate, 5-lobed : upper ones 3-lobed, clothed with stel-
late tomentum beneath. Panicle terminal, densely clothed with
stellate tomentum. Umbels capitate, sessile, surrounded by a
many-leaved involucrum ; receptacle of flowers chaffy.
1 H. aculea'ta (Blum. 1. c.) f?. S. Native of Java, on
Mount Tjerimai, in the province of Cheribon, where it is called
Gompong. The rest unknown.
Prickly Horsfieldia. Shrub.
Cult. Any light rich soil will suit this shrub, and cuttings
will be easily rooted in the same kind of earth under a liand-
g]ass, in heat.
XXXI. ERY'NGIUM (from epev-yu), ereugo, to belch. Dios-
corides declares that the plant is a specific for all complaints
arising from flatulence). Tourn. inst. p. 327. t. 173. Lin. gen.
no. 324. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 77. t. 20. Laroch. eryng. 1. vol. in
fol. Par. 1808. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 105. Koch, diss. p. 139. in
nov. act. nat. cur. 12. p. 1.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Tube of calyx rough from
vesicles and scales ; lobes 5, foliaceous. Petals erect, conni-
vent, oblong-obovate : bent in from the middle by a segment as
long as the limb of the petal, which consequently appears emar-
ginate. Fruit obovate, scaly or tubercular, with the transverse sec-
tion nearly terete; mericarps semi-terete, without ribs, and with-
out vittae ; carpophore adnate its whole length to the seeds. —
Herbs, usually perennial and spiny. Radical leaves, as well as the
cauline ones, sheathing more or less at the base. Flowers con-
gregated into oblong or roundish dense heads. Lower bracteas
usually the largest, and forming an involucrum round the head
of flowers ; the rest like chaff, mixed among the flowers.
§ I. Ramosinervia (from ramosus, branched, and nervus, a
UMBELLIFERiE. XXXI. Eryngium.
267
sinew or nerve ; in reference to the nerves of the leaves being
more or less branched and diverging). D. C. prod. 4. p. 88.
Limbs of radical leaves more or less distinct from the petioles : hav-
ing the nerves more or less branched , and diverging, but never
parallel.
* Limbs of radical leaves multifid.
1 E. campe'stre (Dod. pempt. 730. f. 2. Lin. spec. 337.)
radical leaves nearly ternate ; segments pinnatifid : lobes ovate ;
cauline leaves auriculated ; stem panicled ; leaves of involucrum
linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, exceeding the head of flowers,
which is roundish ; paleae among the flowers subulate. . H.
Native of South and Middle Europe, and Caucasus ; very com-
mon in dry sandy fields. In Britain not very common ; on the
coast near the ferry from Plymouth to Cornwall ; and near the
Devil’s Point at Stonehouse, Plymouth ; near Newcastle upon
Tyne; on the shore called Friar’s Goose, below Melling, in
Yorkshire ; also far inland opposite Brookhall, near Daventry,
in Northamptonshire. Laroche, eryng. p. 22. Oed. fl. dan. t.
554. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 1. Smith, eng. bot. 57. Jacq. austr.
2. t. 155. Plench. t. 173. E. vulgare, Bauh. pin. 368. E.
Mediterraneum, Ger. 999. Corollas blue, but sometimes white
and yellow. Roots creeping. Plant rather glaucous.
Far. (3; radical leaves nearly entire. 7£.H. Native of Por-
tugal and the Levant.
Field Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 E. Bourgati (Gouan. ill. p. 7. t. 3.) radical leaves orbicu-
lar, tripartite ; lobes pinnatifid or cut in a forked manner, quite
entire between the divisions ; stems simple, a little branched at
the apex; leaves of involucrum 10-12, lanceolate, pungent,
erect, furnished with 1 or 2 teeth on each side, much longer than
the head of flowers, which is ovate ; paleae among the flowers en-
tire. %. H. Native of the Pyrenees, but has not been found
elsewhere. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 355. Laroch. eryng. p. 24. Tratt.
arch. t. 207. E. amethystinum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 401. but not
of Lin. E. Bourgati, E. planum, and E. alpinum, Lapeyr. abr.
p. 137. There are varieties of this species with either sky blue
or pale flowers : and with the stems either bearing one or more
heads of flowers. Plant glaucous.
Bourgati’ s Eryngo. Fl. June, Aug. Clt 1731. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
3 E. Billardie'ri (Laroch. eryng. p. 25. t. 2.) radical leaves
nearly orbicular, tripartite; lobes lanceolate, pinnatifid, spiny,
profoundly toothed all round ; stems branched at the apex ;
leaves of involucrum 8, linear-lanceolate, 3 times higher than the
head of flowers, which is globose ; paleae among the flowers
entire. %. H. Native of the Levant; and in fields on the
mountains at the limits of the Turkish districts called Khoi, in
the province of Aberdeidjen. Tratt. arch. t. 356. Very
nearly allied to E. Bourgati, but differs in the lobes of the
leaves being toothed all round, and in the paleae being hardly
longer than the calyxes. Flowers blue.
La Billardier’s Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
4 E. spina-a^.ba ( V ill. dauph. 2. p. 660. 1. 15.) radical leaves
3-5-parted ; lobes profoundly toothed, or cut in a forked man-
ner; stem thick, nearly simple; leaves of involucrum 9-10,
pinnatifid, very stiff, pungent, about equal in length to the head
of the flowers, which is of an ovate-cylindrical form ; paleae
among the flowers entire, or usually tricuspidate. 1/ . H. Na-
tive of Dauphiny, Provence, &c. in arid exposed places of moun-
tains. D. C. fl. fr. p. 356. Laroch. eryng. p. 26. t. 3. E.
rigidum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 752. E. alpinum, Lin. mant. p. 349.
but not of his spec. E. alpinum /3, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 323. E.
pallescens, Mill. diet. no. 5. Spina alba, Dalech. lugd. 1462.
Both heads of flow'ers and herb are white. There are varieties
with either dwarf stems, or a foot high.
White-spined Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 foot.
5 E. dilata'tum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 755.) radical leaves pinna-
tifid : lobes spiny-toothed ; upper leaves the largest ; petioles
pectinately ciliated from the base ; stems nearly simple, bearing
few heads ; leaves of involucrum 5-7, lanceolate, spiny toothed,
longer than the head, which is roundish ; paleae among the
flowers variable : outer ones furnished with one tooth on each side :
inner ones entire. 1£. H. Native of Portugal, Spain, Mauritania,
Etruria; and Turkey, in fields about Constantinople. Laroch.
eryng. p. 26. t. 4. E. purpuratum, Smith in Rees’ cycl. vol.
13. E. Bourgati, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 48. Host, austr. 1. p. 341.
E. foe'tidum, F'orsk. cat. const, p. 135. E. australe, Wulf. et
West, in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 333. E. amethystinum, Salzm. pi.
exsic. — Barrel, icon. t. 36. Heads of flowers and stem of a
violaceous colour.
Dilated- petioled Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
6 E. crini'tum (Presl, del. prag. p. 139.) radical leaves pin-
natifid : outer lobes trifid, spiny toothed : lower ones much
smaller and bristly, or jagged into bristle-formed teeth ; petioles
ciliated with bristles from the base ; stems nearly simple, bear-
ing few heads; leaves of involucrum 5-6, lanceolate, spiny cili-
ated, exceeding the head of the flowers, which is roundish ;
paleae exceeding the flowers, outer ones spiny ciliated. If. . H.
Native of Spain. Very nearly allied to E. dilataium, but it dif-
fers from it and all the others in the bristles being yellowish, and
rather spiny along the petioles and the lower lobes of the leaves.
Flowers blue ?
Hairy Eryngo. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
7 E. amethy'stinum (Lin. spec, p- 337. var. a,) radical leaves
pinnatifid : lobes cut, spiny, somewhat pinnatifid ; petioles entire
at the base ; stems smoothish, corymbosely branched at the apex;
leaves of involucrum 7-8, lanceolate, furnished with a few teeth
at the base, much exceeding in length the head of flowers,
which is globose ; paleae among the flowers entire : outer ones
hardly furnished with a tooth on each side. 1£. H. Native of
Dalmatia, Croatia, and Belgium, but in the last mentioned coun-
try it has probably escaped from the gardens. Waldst. et Kit.
hung. 3. t. 215. — Besl. hort. eyst. ord. t. 8. f. 4. Tratt. arch.
206. E. campestre azureum, Lejeun, in herb. Gay. E. caerii-
leum, Bauh. hist. 3. t. 86. f. 1. The upper part of the stem,
and also the heads of flowers, are of the finest amethyst colour,
so that they make a very fine appearance. This species is often
confused with E. dilataium, but is easily distinguished from that
species in the petioles being entire, not pectinated.
Amethystine-Powered Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1648.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
8 E. Andersonii (Lag. in litt. Loud. hort. brit. p. 101.) ra-
dical and cauline leaves pinnatifid : 3 terminal segments large,
lanceolate, and 3-lobed at the apex: the rest of the segments
small ; all spiny toothed ; stem smooth, striated, corymbosely
and trichotomously branched; leaves of involucrum 7-8-lanceo-
late, spiny toothed, much longer than the head of the flower,
which is rounded, furnished with retrograde forked or simple
prickles on the lower side at the very base ; upper paleae among
the flowers linear, entire, and the lower ones trifid, ending in spiny
points, about the length or longer than the flowers, "g. . H. Na-
tive country unknown. E. amethystinum, Hort. Chelsea. Up-
per part of stem, and heads of flowers of a beautiful blue.
Anderson's Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 E. scariosum (Laroch. eryng. p. 28. t. 5.) leaves pinna-
tifid ; lobes linear, distant, trifid, or entire ; petioles with sca-
rious margins ; stem furrowed, branched at the apex ; leaves of
involucrum 5-8, linear, much longer than the head of flowers,
which is globose; paleae among the flowers entire. H.
Native of the Levant. Tratt. arch. t. 775. E. pentechinum,
Sieb. herb, palest. Allied to E. amethystinum. H^ads of
flowers pale green.
atm2
268
UMBELLIFER/E. XXXI. Erykgicm.
«Scar/oMS-petioled F.ryngo. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 E. glomera'tum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 755.) leaves bipinnatifid;
lobes linear, very stiff, divaricate ; beads of flowers small, col-
lected into a thyrse ; flowers small ; leaves of involucrum much
longer than the head of flowers, and are as well as the paleae
nearly entire, and spinose. If . H. Native of Crete. Laroch.
eryng. p. 29. t. 6. Tratt. arch. t. 760. E. parviflorum, Smith,
prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 175. Herb white, densely beset with
leaves. Perhaps the E. glomeratum, Sieb. herb. Crete, which
he gathered at the foot of Mount Ida, is the same, but it differs
from the figure given by Laroche, in the heads of flowers being
disposed in a corymb, in the lobes of the leaves being broader,
and in the leaves of the involucrum being furnished with a spine-
like subulate divaricate tooth on each side.
Glomerate-headed Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 ft.
11 E. rostra'tum (Cav. icon. 6. t. 552.) radical leaves long,
lanceolate : outer ones spiny-ciliated : inner ones pinnatifid ;
stems a little branched; leaves of involucrum entire, rather
shorter than the head of flowers, which is globose ; paleae among
the flowers, entire : upper paleae ending in a horn each, much
longer than the flowers. 7/. H. Native of Chili, at Talcahuano,
Conception, &c. Laroch. eryng. p. 29. This species is inter-
mediate between the section Ramosinervia and Parallelinervia.
Beaked-scaled Eryngo. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
12 E. como'sum (Laroch. eryng. p. 30. t. 7.) radical leaves
bipinnatifid ; lobes linear, winged ; stem dichotomous at the
apex, bearing many heads ; leaves of involucrum 5-6, trifid,
longer than the head of flowers, which is ovate ; paleae among
the flowers simple : upper paleae spiny-toothed, drawn out into
a tuft. If. F. Native of Mexico, in temperate places be-
tween Rio Sacra andTolueeo. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
5. p. 30. Flowers blue ?
Tufted-scaled Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. A to 1 ft.
13 E. Cre'ticum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 754.) cauline leaves almost
pinnatifid ; lobes lanceolate, spinose, ciliately toothed at the
base; stems much branched at the apex, divaricate ; leaves of
involucrum 5, lanceolate-subulate, bearing 1-2 spiny teeth on
each side, much longer than the head of flowers, which is
roundish; paleae among the flowers, tricuspidate. If.H. Na-
tive of the islands of Candia, Samos, and in all the islands of the
Archipelago ; frequent. Laroch. eryng. p. 30. t. 80. D’Urv.
enum. 29. Sieb. herb. cret. E. cyaneum, Sibth. fl. graec. t.
258. prod. 1. p. 175. Tratt. tab. t. 350. Stems and heads
of flowers of an amethyst colour. Floriferous branches elon-
gated, or short and crowded.
Cretan Eryngo. PI. 1 to \\ foot.
14 E. multEfjdum (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 259. prod. 1.
p. 175.) leaves all bipinnatifid, somewhat lyrate, and palmate-
parted at the apex ; lobes deeply lobed ; stems corymbose, co-
loured at the top ; leaves of involucrum linear-lanceolate, pin-
natifid, or nearly entire, exceeding the head of flowers, which is
ovate ; paleae among the flowers, entire. If . H. Native of the
hills of the Morea and Sicily. E. alpinum, elatius, &c. Cup.
pamph. 1. t. 29. Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 305. Top of stem
and heads of flowers blue. Allied to E. ametliystinum and E.
Creticum.
Multifid Eryngo. PI. 2 feet.
15 E. ovi'num (Cunning, in Field’s new south wales, p. 358.)
stems erect, furrowed, dichotomous ; leaves bipinnatifid ; lobes
linear, stiff-, spinose, divaricate ; heads of flow'ers spherical, pe-
dunculate ; leaves of involucrum linear, mucronate, stiff-. 7/. G.
Native of New Holland, near Bathurst. Flowers white. The
plant when young is much sought after by sheep.
Sheep Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. l| foot.
* * Limbs of radical leaves cordate at the base, undivided, or
a little lobed.
16 E. mari'timum (C. Bauh. pin. p. 386. Lin. spec. p. 337.)
leaves of a whitish glaucous hue, coriaceous ; radical leaves on
long petioles, roundish, cordate, spiny-toothed : superior ones
stem-clasping, palmately lobed ; leaves of involucrum 5-7, ovate,
spiny-toothed, exceeding the head of flow'ers, which is roundish;
paleae among the flowers, tricuspidate, about equal in length to
the calyxes. 7/. H. Native throughout Europe, among the
sand along the sea-shore ; and on both sides of the Mediter-
ranean Sea. It is to be found plentiful in some parts of Bri-
tain, on the sea-shore. Oed. fl. dan. t. 718. Tratt. arch. t.
209. Woodv. med. bot. t. 102. Smith, engl. bot. t. 718.
Roots creeping. Flowers very pale blue. By English writers
the Sea eryngo has been called sea holly, sea hulver, and sea
holme. The young flowering shoots ot the plant, eaten like
asparagus, are very nourishing, according to Linnaeus. The
leaves are sweetish, with a slight aromatic warm pungency. The
roots are supposed to have the same aphrodisiacal virtues as the
O'rchis tribe. They are kept in the shops candied, and are still
regarded by tbe Arabs as an excellent restorative. Eryngo
roots wrere first candied at Colchester about the beginning of the
17th century by Robert Buxton, apothecary. His apprentice,
Samuel Great, continued this business, and it has ever since been
carried on by the posterity of the latter. — Morant’s Colchester,
p. 92.
Sea Eryngo or Holly. Fl. July, Oct. Brit. PI. 1 to 1-| ft.
17 E. Oliveria'num (Laroch. eryng. p. 37. t. 12.) radical
leaves on long petioles, roundish cordate ; lower cauline leaves
petiolate, 3-lobed, and deeply toothed : upper cauline ones stem-
clasping, 3 -parted, and cut; leaves of involucrum 10-12, lan-
ceolate, stiff, having 5-6 teeth on each side, which are more
crowded towards the base, exceeding the head of flowers; paleae
among the flowers, tricuspidate, and entire. If . H. Native of
the Levant. E. alpinum y, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 323. Heads of
flowers blue. Nearly allied to E. alpinum, but is constant to its
characters, even in cultivation : it differs from it in the radical
leaves being much less cordate, in the lower ones being more
dissected, and in the leaves of the involucrum being stiff, and
having fewer teeth. The colour of the herb is green.
Oliver's Eryngo. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
18 E. gigante'um (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 201.) radical leaves
on long petioles, profoundly cordate, crenate-toothed ; cauline
leaves stem-clasping, deeply lobed, spiny-serrated ; leaves of
involucrum 8-9, large, ovate-lanceolate, deeply spiny-ser-
rated, longer than the head of flowers, which is ovate;
paleae among the flowers tricuspidate. 7/. H. Native of the
Alps of Caucasus, Armenia, and Iberia. E. glaucum, Willd.
herb, ex Stev. in litt. E. asperifolium, Laroch. eryng. p. 36.
t. 11. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 289. Tratt. arch. t. 355. Stem di-
chotomously branched, 3-4 feet high, blue at the top as well as
the heads of flow'ers. Lower leaves roughish, pubescent or
glabrous beneath, reticulated with anastomosing nerves.
Giant Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
19 E. alpi'num (Lin. spec. p. 337.) radical and lower cauline
leaves on long petioles, deeply cordate, serrate-toothed : upper
cauline leaves palmately lobed, ciliately serrated ; serratures
spinulose ; leaves of involucrum 10-20, rather soft, alittle longer
than the head of flowers, pinnatifidly serrated, having 12-15
cilia-formed serratures on each side : and with the lower serra-
tures pinnatifid ; paleae among the flow'ers tricuspidate or entire.
7/.H. Native of Switzerland, Piedmont, Germany, Croatia,
Carniola, &c. in alpine pastures. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 55.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 922. Tratt. arch. t. 205. Involucrum along
with the upper part of the herb and the flowers are of a beau-
tiful blue colour ; but there is also a variety which is white in
the last-mentioned parts : and another which has the paleae
among the flowers pinnatifid. Herb green.
UMBELLIFERiE. XXXI. Eryngium.
2G9
Alpine Eryngo. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1597. PI. \\ to 2 ft.
20 E. pla'num (Math. comm. p. 505. with a figure. Lin.
spec. p. 337.) low'er leaves on long petioles, oval, cordate at the
base, crenated, flat: middle cauline leaves sessile, undivided :
superior ones 5 -parted, serrated; leaves of involucrum 6-7,
lanceolate, remotely spiny-serrated, spreading, about equal in
length to the head of flowers, which is round ; paleae among the
flowers entire, but the lower or outer ones are tricuspidate.
T/.H. Native of Austria, Russia, Siberia, Transylvania, Gali-
cia, Caucasus, Mauritania, Provence, &c. in meadows. Jacq.
aust. t. 391. Tratt. arch. t. 214. Laroch. eryng. p. 40. Upper
part of the stem, leaves of involucrum, and heads of flowers
blue ; there is, however, a variety equally common in the gar-
dens with white flowers. Herb green.
/7«<-leaved Eryngo. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 2 ft.
21 E. triquetrum (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 46.) radical leaves
petiolate, cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes deeply spiny-toothed ; cauline
leaves 3-5-parted, palmate; peduncles triquetrous; leaves of
involucrum 3-4, lanceolate, pungent, keeled, entire, exceeding
the head of flowers, which is round ; paleae among the flowers
entire. If. H. Native of Tunis and Sicily in fields and on
hills. Desf. atl. 1. p. 225. t. 54. Laroch. eryng. p. 43. Tratt.
arch. 779. — Zan. ist. t. 74. and therefore E. Zanonii, Lam. diet.
4. p. 754. E. Creticum, Jan. ex Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. add.
p. 7. Heads of flowers blue.
Triquetrous-pedanc\ed Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 ft.
22 E. faeca'tum (Laroch. eryng. p. 40. t. 13.) radical leaves
on long petioles, cordate, unequally spiny-serrated ; cauline
leaves sessile, palmately parted : lobes lanceolate, spreading,
spiny-serrated ; leaves of involucrum 5-8, lanceolate, furnished
with 1-2 teeth on each side, twice the length of the head of
flowers; outer paleae tricuspidate : middle ones entire. If . . H.
Native on Mount Lebanon. Tratt. arch. t. 363. E. dichoto-
mum ft, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 321. The plant is easily distin-
guished from E. dichotcmum by the form of the radical leaves.
Heads of flowers blue ?
Falcate Eryngo. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
23 E. dichotomum (Desf. atl. 1. p. 226. t. 55.) radical leaves
petiolate, oblong, cordate at the base, toothed ; cauline leaves
palmately parted, spreading : lobes spiny-toothed ; leaves of invo-
lucrum lanceolate, furnished with a few spiny teeth, much longer
than the head of flowers, which is globose ; outer paleae tricus-
pidate, the rest entire. %. H. Native of Asia Minor, Cau-
casus, Mount Lebanon, Candia, Mauritania, Sicily, and about
Montpelier, in exposed places. Upper part of stems, leaves of
involucrum, and heads of flowers blue.
Var. a; stem tall, flexuous, much branched. Desf. 1. c.
Tratt. arch. t. 362. E. coeruleum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 200. —
Mor. ox. sect. 7. t. 37. f. 13. and therefore E. Syriacum, Lam.
diet. 4. p. 759.
Var. ft ; stems dwarf ; flowers crowded at the neck of the
plant. Laroch. eryng. p. 40. t. 14.
Dichotomous Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
24 E. diffu'sum (Torr. rock, mount, no. 177.) leaves all
digitately palmate ; segments oblong, deeply serrated, spinose;
stem dichotomously branched, diffuse ; heads of flowers glo-
bose ; leaves of involucrum 4-6, trifid, deeply serrated, longer
than the head of flowers ; ovaries scaly. ©. H. Native of
North America, on the banks of the Canadian river. Perhaps
this species will form a proper section.
Dijfuse Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
* * * Limbs of radical leaves oblong-obovate, or oval, never
cordate at the base.
25 E. pusi'llum (Lin. spec. p. 337.) radical leaves lanceolate,
entire, toothed or pinnatifid, attenuated at the base, petiolate :
cauline leaves palmately parted, sessile ; heads of flowers ses-
sile ; leaves of involucrum subulate, longer than the head of
flowers, furnished with an appendage, or tooth at the base ;
paleae among the flowers, entire. 'll. H. Native of Spain,
Portugal, Mauritania, Sicily, Sardinia, &c. Laroch. eryng. p.
44. Tratt. arch. t. 212. — Barrel, icon. t. 1247. Heads of
flowers greenish. This species is nearly allied to E. dichoto-
mum, but differs from it in the radical leaves being attenuated at
the base, never in any way cordate.
Var. ft, odoratum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 91.) stem small, decum-
bent; heads few-flowered. Laroch. 1. c. E. odoratum ft, Lam.
diet. 4. p. 756.
Var. y, galioides (D. C. 1. c.) stem erectish ; lower leaves
somewhat pinnatifid, small ; heads few-flowered. Laroch. 1. c.
E. galioides, Lam. diet. 4. p. 757.
V ar. cl, paludosum (D. C. 1. c.) stem nearly erect ; low'er leaves
pinnatifid, large; heads few-flowered. Laroch. 1. c. t. 16. E.
odoratum a, Lam. 1. c.
Small Eryngo. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. to 1 foot.
26 E. terna'tum (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 295.) radical leaves un-
divided, linear, spiny-toothed ; cauline leaves tripartite ; leaves
of involucrum lanceolate, cuspidate. H. Native of Candia,
on hills in rugged places. Tausch. hort. canal, with a figure
and description. E. Tournefortianum, Sternb. syll. pi. nov. 17.
p. 32. ex Tausch. E. trifolium, P. Alp. exot. 152. with a
figure. — Mor. ox. 3. sect. 7. t. 36. f. 24. Laroch. eryng. p. 65.
Heads of flowers blue ?
TernateAeoved Eryngo. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot.
27 E. triparti tum (Desf. cat. hort. par. 1828.) radical
leaves glabrous, petiolate, trifid ; leaves obovate-oblong, cune-
ated at the base, coarsely serrated : serratures distant, ending
in spiny points ; stem much branched ; cauline leaves nearly
sessile, 3-5-parted : lobes lanceolate, coarsely serrated ; leaves
of involucrum twice the length of the head of flowers, which is
ovate-globose ; outer paleae tricuspidate : inner ones undivided.
%■ H. Native country unknown.
TripartiteAeayed Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
28 E. aquifolium (Cav. ann. sc. nat. 3. p. 32.) radical leaves
obovate-oblong, nearly sessile, attenuated at the base, coarsely
ciliated or spiny-toothed from the base ; cauline leaves somewhat
stem-clasping, broadest at the base ; leaves of involucrum 8, ovate-
lanceolate, spiny-toothed, longer than the head of flowers, which
is roundish ; paleae ending in 3 or 5 points, 'll . H. Native of
Spain. Laroch. eryng. p. 34. t. 10. Tratt. arch. t. 753. E.
mantimum ft, Pers. ench. p. 299. exclusive of the syn. of Fl.
dan. Heads of flowers blue. The plant cultivated under this
name has the lower leaves much longer and narrower at the base
than those in the figure cited. Plant glaucous.
Holly-leaved Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 ft.
29 E. cornicula'tum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 758.) radical leaves
oblong- lanceolate, spiny-toothed ; petioles fistular, septiferous ;
cauline leaves stem-clasping, trifid ; leaves of involucrum 5,
linear-subulate, quite entire, pungent ; paleae among the flowers,
entire : ultimate ones drawn out each into a long horn at the
apex. 1/ . H. Native of Portugal and Spain, in boggy places.
Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 416. Laroch. eryng. p. 42. t. 15. Tratt.
arch. t. 756. Sims, bot. mag. 1427. E. corndtum, Donn,
hort. cant. ed. 4. E. suaveolens, Brouss. ined. E. odoratum,
Hort. par. E. paludosum, Hort. madr. Heads of flowers
whitish, sweet-scented. Plant glaucous. The leaves of the
involucrum when the plant grows in dry places, about equal in
length to the head of flowers. Horns sometimes on 2-3 of the
paleae, which are usually joined together.
Horned Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 foot.
30 E. tricuspida'tum (Lin. spec. p. 337.? Desf. atl. 1. p
224.) radical and lower cauline leaves on long petioles, orbicular,
270
UMBELLIFERjE. XXXI. Eryngium.
cordate, acutely toothed ; cauline leaves sessile, palmate-parted:
lobes lanceolate, spiny-serrated ; leaves of involucrum lanceo-
late, spiny-serrated, exceeding the head of flowers, which is
nearly globose ; paleae tricuspidate, longer than the calyxes.
$ . H. Native of Mauritania, Sardinia, Sicily, and the Morea,
in cultivated fields and exposed places. Laroch. eryng. p.
33. t. 9. Tratt. arch. t. 211. E. Bocconi, Lam. diet. 4.
p. 754. — Bocc. sic. 88. t. 47. Heads of flowers greenish.
Flowers purplish. There are varieties of this species with tall
and humble stems ; and with the lobes of the leaves either linear
or lanceolate.
Tricuspidate Eryngo. FI. Sept. Clt. 1699. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
31 E. iucifo'uum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 757.) radical leaves and
lower cauline ones on short petioles, obovate, coarsely spiny-
toothed ; petioles quite entire ; leaves of involucrum 5-6, dilated
at the apex, and coarsely spiny-toothed, exceeding the head of
flowers, which is ovate-oblong ; paleae tricuspidate, longer than
calyxes. ©. H. Native of Mauritania, Spain, and Portugal.
Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 419. Desf. atl. 1. p. 225. t. 53. Cav. ann.
sc. 3. p. 51. Laroch. eryng. p. 34. Heads of flowers blue?
Herb a hand high, stifF. There are varieties of this plant having
the leaves of the involucrum cut or pinnatifid.
Ilex-leaved Eryngo. PI. \ foot.
32 E. te'nue (Lam. diet. 4. p. 755.) radical leaves obovate-
spatulate, deeply toothed : cauline ones palmate-parted : lobes
linear, spreading, spiny-toothed; leaves of involucrum linear,
spreading, spiny-toothed, exceeding the head of flowers, which
is roundish ; paleae tricuspidate, bearing spines on the back,
longer than the calyxes. ©. H. Native of Spain, Portugal,
and Mauritania, in cultivated fields, and on hills. Laroch.
eryng. p. 32. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 159. f. 1. E. pusillum, J.
Bauh. hist. 3. p. 87. — Lob. icon. 2. t. 23. Flowers blue ?
Slender Eryngo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1814. PI. \ to 1 ft.
33 E. nasturtiifo'lium (Juss. in Laroch. eryng. p. 46. t. 17.)
leaves all lanceolate, dilated at the apex, and somewhat pinna-
tifid ; branches decumbent ; heads of flowers lateral, sessile,
ovate ; leaves of involucrum lanceolate-subulate, elongated, and
entire, as well as the paleae. 0. S. Native of South America.
Tratt. arch. t. 768. Allied to E. vesiculosum, but differs in the
angles of the calyx being 5, and in being rough from scales, not
from vesicles.
Nasturtium-leaved Eryngo. PI. decumbent.
34 E. Cervante'sii (Laroch. eryng. p. 47. t. 18. f. 1.) sur-
culi decumbent ; floral leaves trifid : lobes linear ; heads of
flowers axillary, pedunculate, roundish ; leaves of involucrum
5, subulate, spreading, exceeding the head of flowers a little.
7^. H. Native of Mexico. Tratt. arch. t. 359. E. vivipa-
rum, Cerv. mss. Calyxes scaly. Allied to E. vesiculosum.
Cervantes's Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1820. PI. dec.
35 E. fp.ostra'tum (Nutt, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 2. p. 92.)
surculi creeping, filiform ; leaves petiolate, ovate, unarmed,
membranous, some entire, and others are furnished with a tooth
or lobule on each side ; heads of flowers ovate, pedunculate,
axillary; leaves of involucrum 5, oblong-linear, entire, deflexed;
paleae linear, small; calyx papulose from vesicles. 11.. H.
Native of North America, in the Arkansa territory. Petioles
variable in length, some shorter than the limbs of the leaves,
and others longer. Leaves rosulate, at the neck of the plant,
but crowded at the node of the surculi, sometimes opposite.
Peduncles 1 or 1 \ inch long. Heads 2-3 lines long.
Prostrate Eryngo. PI. prostrate.
36 E. Baldwi'ni (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 870.) leaves petiolate,
oval, entire, or serrated ; stem much branched, slender, usually
prostrate ; heads of flowers small, numerous ; leaves of invo-
lucrum 2, tripartite : lobes linear, a little toothed at the base.
©. H. Native of Florida, in pine woods around St. Maria,
and along the sea-shore near Augustine. E. gracile, Baldw. in
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 175. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 345. but not of
Laroch. E. reptans, Willd. herb, ex Spreng.
Baldwin’s Eryngo. PI. prostrate.
37 E. vesiculo'sum (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 73. t. 98.) sur-
culi creeping ; radical leaves lanceolate, cuneate, and attenuated
at the base, deeply toothed, almost pinnatifid ; floral leaves
trifid, with linear lobes ; heads of flowers lateral, on short pedun-
cles ; leaves of involucrum 5, lanceolate-subulate, and are as
well as the paleae entire ; calyx papulose. . G. Native of
Van Diemen’s Land. Laroch. eryng. p. 47. Tratt. arch. t.
780. Poir. suppl. 4. p. 291.
Bladdenj- calyxed Eryngo. PI. cr.
38 E. subacau'le (Cav. icon. 6. t. 556. f. 2.) radical leaves
petiolate, lanceolate, nearly quite entire ; scape naked, bearing
only 1 head of flowers, longer than the leaves : leaves of invo-
lucrum 8, lanceolate, spinose, spreading, furnished each with 1
tooth on each side, longer than the head of flowers, which is
hemispherical ; paleae subulate, shorter than the calyx. — Native
of Mexico, in Chalma. Laroch. eryng. p. 56. Tratt. arch,
t. 778. Plant hardly more than a finger in height.
Nearly-stemless Eryngo. PI. i to ^ foot.
39 E. radiciflo'rum (Tratt. arch. t. 764.) radical leaves ses-
sile, ovate, spiny-serrated ; heads of flowers solitary, roundish,
sessile at the neck of the plant ; leaves of involucrum 6, ovate-
lanceolate, tridentate at the apex, discoloured, longer than the
head ; paleae entire. — Native of New Granada, on the moun-
tains of Pasto. E. humile y. Laroch. eryng. p. 34. t. 18. f. 2.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. p. 34.
Root-flowered Eryngo. PI. foot.
40 E. fla'ccidum (Hook, et Arn. in hot. misc. 3. p. 350.)
radical leaves flaccid, on long petioles, deeply pinnatifid ; seg-
ments linear, spinescent, bent downwards ; stem slender, panicled
at the apex ; leaves of involucrum linear-lanceolate, stiff, acute,
quite entire, about equal in length to the head of flowers, which
is elliptic ; paleae hardly equal in length to the flowers. ©. H.
Native of Buenos Ayres.
Flaccid-\eave(\. Eryngo. PI. ^ foot.
41 E. corona'tum (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 350.)
radical leaves lanceolate, spinosely pinnatifid ; segments lanceo-
late-subulate, spreading ; stem panicled at the top, many-headed ; ,
leaves of involucrum linear-subulate, spiny, quite entire, re- ,
flexed, about equal in length to the head, which is cylindrical ;
paleae oblong, acute, pale, equal in length to the flowers, the 2
or 4 superior ones protruding in longhorns, which emulate the
leaves of the involucrum. 1/. H. Native of Buenos Ayres.
Stem 6-8 inches high.
Crowned-headed Eryngo. PI. \ to foot.
42 E. hu'miie (Cav. ann. p. 115. icon. t. 556. f. 1.) radical
leaves on long petioles, oval-oblong, spiny-serrated ; cauline
leaves 1 or 2, oblong, sessile, serrated ; stems bearing only 1
head of flowrers, shorter than the radical leaves ; leaves of invo-
lucrum 10, ovate-lanceolate, tridentate at the apex, coloured
above, exceeding the head of flowers, which is globose and de-
pressed at the apex ; paleae entire. 1/ . G. Native of Peru,
on the mountains of Chimborazo and St. Antonio, E. htlmile
a, Laroch. eryng. p. 55. Tratt. arch. t. 763.
Var. fi ; leaves of involucrum entire. Laroch. eryng. p. 55.
H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. On the mountains of Pichinca and Anti-
sana. E. ranunculoides, Willd. herb.
Humble Eryngo. PI. ^ foot.
43 E. stella'tum (Mutis, in Laroch. eryng. p. 55. t. 25.)
lower leaves petiolate, linear-lanceolate, crenated : upper ones
sessile, opposite ; branches elongated, bearing 1 head of flowers
each ; leaves of involucrum ovate, spiny-toothed, discoloured,
exceeding the head ; paleae subulate, exceeding the flowers.
UMBELLIFERiE. XXXI. Eryngium.
271
}/ . G. Native of Santa Fe de Bogota. Tratt. arch. t. 777.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 33. Leaves of involu-
crum smooth, yellow above.
Stellate Eryngo. PI. 1 foot?
44 E. phyteo'ma (Laroch. eryng. p. 51. t. 21.) cauline leaves
few, petiolate, linear-lanceolate, unarmed, crenated; crenae mu-
cronate ; stem nearly simple, bearing 2 heads of flowers ; heads
oblong, crowned by exserted foliaceous paleae ; leaves of invo-
lucrum 3-10, linear, deflexed. 7/ . F. Native of Mexico, in
meadows, near the town of Tolucco. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
5. p. 30. Heads of flowers white.
Phyteuma- like Eryngo. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
45 E. gra'cile (Laroch. eryng. p. 54. t. 24. but not of Nutt.)
radical leaves petiolate, elliptic, very blunt at the base, crenated;
stem nearly naked, few-flowered ; leaves of involucrum 8, linear-
lanceolate, pungent, a little toothed, twice the length of the head
of flowers ; paleae subulate, entire, longer than the calyxes.
F. Native of Mexico, in humid places. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 5. p. 33. Plant a foot high. Heads of flowers of
an amethyst blue colour. Leaves of involucrum smooth and
yellow above, but green beneath.
Weak Eryngo. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot.
46 E. Bonpla'ndi (Laroch. eryng. p. 52. t. 22 ) radical
leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, crenated ; stem nearly naked, 1 -
3-flowered ; leaves of involucrum 8, and are as well as the
paleae lanceolate ; paleae scarcely exceeding the calyxes, of equal
size and shape. 7£. G. Native of Mexico, in shady woods.
Tratt. arch. t. 754. E. Bonplandianum, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. p. 31. Tube of calyx tubercular.
Bonpland’s Eryngo. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
47 E. nudicau'le (Lam. diet. 4. p. 759. t. 187. f. 2.) radical
leaves obovate, coarsely spiny-toothed : teeth ciliated ; stem
dichotomous, nearly naked, bearing few heads ; leaves of invo-
lucrum lanceolate, spinose, equal in length to the head of flowers,
which is roundish ; paleae subulate. 1/ . H. Native of Monte
Video ; and of Chili, in the province of San Louis, on the tops
of the mountains called Cerro del Morro, at the elevation of
4500 feet. Laroch. eryng. p. 51.. Tratt. arch. t. 769. Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 251. There are varieties of this
species with bracteas all entire ; or the outer ones are spiny-
toothed, and the rest entire ; or all spiny-toothed ex Cham, et
Schlecht. 1. c. The teeth of the leaves are sometimes entire and not
again ciliated, and this brings the species very near E. serralum.
Naked-stemmed, Eryngo. PI. i foot.
48 E. serra'tum (Cav. ann. 2. p. 132. icon. 6. t. 554.)
radical leaves petiolate, lanceolate, profoundly serrated ; stem
nearly naked, and almost simple, few-flowered; leaves of invo-
lucrum 8-10, subulate, spreading, length of the head of flowers,
which is globose ; paleae entire, subulate, exceeding the flowers
a little. 7/. G. Native of Mexico. Laroch. eryng. p. 55.
Tratt. arch. t. 776. Calyx covered with white scales. Stem a
foot high. Perhaps the same as E. serrdtum, Link, enum. 1.
p. 260. but the leaves are not doubly serrated as described by
him, but acutely crenated. Heads of flowers blue ?
Serrate- leaved Eryngo. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
49 E. carli'n.® (Laroch. eryng. p. 53. t. 23.) radical leaves
lanceolate, deeply spiny serrated, acute ; cauline leaves palma-
tifid : lobes deeply serrated ; stem branched, bearing few heads ;
leaves of involucrum 7-9, ovate-lanceolate, deeply serrated ;
paleae subulate, simple. G. Native on the mountains about
the town of Mexico, and between Joya and Las Vigas, near
Perote, and on Mount Orizaba. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 5. p. 32. Leaves of involucrum yellow above. Flowers
blue.
i Var. a, erectum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 94.) stem erect, solitary;
leaves of involucrum ovate, twice the length of the head of
1
flowers. 7/.G. Laroch. eryng. 1. c. with a figure. Tratt.
arch. t. 358.
Far. /3, decumbens (D. C. 1. c.) stem simple, diffuse ; leaves
of involucrum equal in length to the head of flowers, which is
oblong. 7/ . G.
Carlina-\\ke Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
50 E. horminoi'des (D. C. prod. 4. p. 94.) leaves glabrous :
radical ones unknown : cauline ones ending in a spine-like point:
uppermost ones opposite ; stem branched, bearing many heads ;
leaves of involucrum 10-12, oblong-lanceolate, spiny-serrated
at the apex, white inside ; paleae forming a tuft at the top
of the head of flowers. 1£. G. Native about the town of
Mexico. Allied to E. carllnce, but differs in the heads of flowers
being oval and tufted at the apex.
Horminum-like Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
51 E. cilia'tum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 249.)
radical leaves obovate-lanceolate, pectinately serrated : teeth
stiff, bristly; stem naked, bearing 1-3 heads: heads elliptic,
echinated from the paleae, which are subulately acuminated and
smooth, and exceed the flowers ; leaves of involucrum similar to
the paleae. G. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Cis-
platine and Rio Grande, in fields. Heads coloured, 8-9 lines long.
Ciliated- leaved Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
52 E. e'legans (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 248.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, spiny-serrated, ciliated, tricuspidate at
the apex ; stem bearing many heads ; heads globose, echinated;
leaves of involucrum 10, lanceolate, spiny-toothed, tricuspidate
at the apex ; paleae tricuspidate, a little longer than the flowers,
smooth. %.G. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Monte
Video and Rio Grande do Sul. Root nearly globose, size of a
filbert. Leaves 10 inches long, and 9 lines broad. Heads of
flowers small, of one colour.
Elegant Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
53 E. nu'dum (Gill, et Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 334.) stem
tall, panicled ; leaves linear-subulate, channelled, spiny-ciliated :
spines 2-3 together ; heads of flowers globose. 1£.G. Native
about Buenos Ayres, in the plains called the Pampas. Stem
4-5 feet. Allied to E. ebracteatum , Lam.
Naked Eryngo. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
54 E. divaric a' tum (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 350.)
stems prostrate, dichotomously divaricate, leafy, rigid ; lower
leaves bipinnatifid : cauline leaves pinnatifid : segments linear,
spinescent, divaricate ; peduncles short, axillary, and in the
forks of the stem ; leaves of involucrum subulate, reflexed, 4
times shorter than the head of flowers, which is elliptic. . F.
Native of Buenos Ayres.
Divaricate Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
55 E. se'rra (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 246.)
leaves ensiform, spiny-serrated, ciliated ; stem panicled, bearing
many heads ; heads ovate, echinated ; leaves of involucrum and
outer paleae lanceolate, subulately acuminated, spiny-toothed,
smooth : inner paleae entire, a little smaller than the outer ones.
7 /. F. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatine, and
near Monte Video. Radical leaves half a foot long. Heads
unguicular, of one colour.
iSaw-leaved Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
56 E. uncina'tum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 247.)
leaves lanceolate, serrated ; serratures ending in recurved spines,
ciliated ; stem bearing few heads ; heads globose, echinated ;
paleae scabrous, tricuspidate ; leaves of involucrum spinosely
pinnatifid. 7/. G. Native of the south of Brazil.
Hi oked- spined Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
57 E. floribu'ndum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
245.) leaves ensiform, spiny-serrated, ciliated ; stem panicled,
bearing many heads ; heads echinated by scabrous, subulately
mucronulated paleae ; leaves of involucrum ovate, acuminated,
272
UMBELLIFER^i. XXXI. Eryngium.
subulate, hardly different from the paleae. 1/ . G. Native of
the south of Brazil. Stem fistular at the base.
Bundle-flowered, Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
58 E. aroma'ticum (Baldw. in Ell. sketch. 1. p. 344.) leaves
cuspidate, pinnate, trifid at the apex, with cartilaginous mar-
gins ; stem leafy, bearing many heads, corymbose ; leaves of
involucrum 5, trifid, about equal in length to the head of flowers ;
paleee tricuspidate. 1/ . H. Native of Florida, in dry pine
woods. Stems 9-10 inches high, numerous. Root aromatic.
Aromatic- rooted Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
59 E. fce'tidum (Lin. spec. p. 336. exclusive of the syn. of
Gron.) radical leaves lanceolate, bluntish, attenuated at the base,
spinulosely serrated ; floral leaves palmate-parted, sessile ; heads
nearly sessile, cylindrical ; leaves of involucrum lanceolate,
spiny-serrated, much longer than the heads ; paleae among the
flowers entire. %. S. Native of Jamaica, Cayenne, Deme-
rara, Florida, Brazil, &c. in fields and woods. Laroch. eryng.
p. 50. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 163. Sloane, hist. 1. t. 156.
f. 3-4.- — Herm. lugd. t. 237. Plant with an ungrateful odour
when bruised. Flowers white. Calyx ornamented with round-
ish vesicles, not scales. The radical leaves are sometimes trifid
at the apex in the plants we have seen growing in Brazil. The
plant named E. fce'tidum by Ucria, a native of Sicily, is pro-
bably distinct from this. All parts of the plant are reckoned
very powerful antihysterics, and much used by the negroes and
poorer whites on all occasions of that nature, whence they call
it fitrveed. It is chiefly administered in decoctions or infusions.
Fetid Eryngo. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1714. PL 1 foot.
60 E. H/e'nkei (Presl, in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 94.) radical leaves lanceolate, 1-nerved, obtuse, attenuated at
the base, furnished with spiny serratures from the base to the
apex ; cauline leaves pinnatifidly serrated, palmately lobed at
the apex : floral ones short, half stem-clasping ; cymes twice
forked; heads terminal, roundish; leaves of involucrum 5,
much longer than the head of flowers, lanceolate-subulate, en-
tire. If. G. Native of Mexico, in grassy places towards
Jalapa. E. Schiedeanum, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaaa. 5. p.
206. Habit of E . pusillum on the one hand, and of E. fce'tidum
or E. virgatum on the other.
ILcenke's Eryngo. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
61 E. virga'tum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 757.) leaves all on very
short petioles, ovate, toothed : lower ones hardly subcordate at
the base; stem very simple, but branched divaricately at the
apex ; leaves of involucrum 6-7, linear, furnished with 1 tooth
on each side, exceeding the head of flowers, which is globose ;
paleae among the flowers tricuspidate. If. H. Native of North
America, in New Jersey, Carolina, and Georgia, in moist mea-
dows and woods. Laroch. eryng. p. 40. t. 20. Tratt. arch,
t. 781. E. ovalifolium, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 165.
Flowers pale blue ?
Twiggy Eryngo. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 foot.
62 E. Virginia'num (Lam. diet. 3. p. 759.) leaves linear-
lanceolate, a little serrated ; leaves of involucrum 7-8, longer
than the head of flowers; entire or trifid ; paleae among the
flowers tricuspidate. $ . H. Native of North America, in
pastures, by the sides of rivers, and in marshes which are inun-
dated by the sea. Laroch. eryng. p. 48. t. 19. Tratt. arch,
t. 782. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 189. E. aquaticum, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 163. E. aquaticum ft, Lin. spec. p. 336. —
Pluk. aim. t. 396. f. 3. Stem fistular. Heads of flowers pale
blue.
Virginian Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt.? PI. 2 feet.
63 E. microce'phalum (Willd. herb. no. 5558. Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 871.) radical leaves oblong, glaucescent beneath, with
cartilaginously crenated margins, having the recesses between the
crense glandular ; cauline leaves very few ; peduncles elongated,
naked; leaves of involucrum with cartilaginous margins, lan-
ceolate, ending in spiny points, shorter than the head of flowers,
which is small. 1/ . G. Native of South America, according
to Humb. trav. but the particular place is unknown. Leaves 1-i
inches long, and 5-6 lines broad. Heads .3 lines in diameter.
Paleae not different from the leaves of the involucrum, unless
that they are smaller, longer, and terminated by a mucrone, but
without the cartilaginous margins.
Small-headed Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
64 E. depre'ssum (Hook, et Arn. 1. c. 3. p. 351.) plant stem-
less ; radical leaves linear-oblong, spatulate, spiny-toothed,
having the nerves in the limb branched, with the branches di-
verging ; branches of stem tufted, diffuse, dichotomous, nu-
merous from the neck of the plant ; heads of flowers termin-
ating the branches, and in the forks ; leaves of involucrum and
paleae subulate, about equal, spiny, and entire, or furnished with
a short spine on each side at the middle, much exceeding the
flowers, which are sessile. ©. H. Native of Chiloe ; and of
Chili, near Valparaiso, in Vina de la Mar.
V ar. a, rigidum (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) branches stiff, forked a
little, about equal in length to the leaves.
Var. ft, flaccidum (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) branches elongated,
slender, trichotomously divided. Chili at Valparaiso and Casa
Blanca.
Depressed Eryngo. PI. foot.
65 E. anomalum (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 350.)
root simple ; leaves coarsely serrate- toothed at the apex : radical
ones roundish, cuneated at the base, petiolate : upper cauline
ones cuneated ; heads on short peduncles ; leaves of involucrum
and chaff about equal, oblong, spiny-mucronate, quite entire,
much exceeding the flowers, which are sessile ; fruit papillose
from vesicles. ©. H. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso.
The fruit and the paleae among the flowers has induced the
authors to refer this plant to Eryngium, to which its appearance
is altogether foreign.
Anomalous Eryngo. PI. \ to 1 foot.
§ 2. P arallelinervia (from parallclus, parallel, and nervus, a
nerve; nerves of leaves parallel). D. C. prod. 4. p. 95. Nerves
of radical leaves parallel and longitudinal. Leaves narrow, and
probably reduced to the dilated petioles.
66 E. aqua'ticum (Lin. spec. 336. var. a. exclusive of the
syn. of Gron.) leaves broadly linear, with parallel nerves, re-
motely spiny-ciliated : lower leaves rather ensiform : floral ones
lanceolate, toothed ; leaves of involucrum 8-9, shorter than the
head of flowers, which is globose, and are as well as the paleae
entire ; stems dichotomous. 1/ . H. Native of North America,
from Pennsylvania to Virginia ; also of the Society Islands,
California, and Buenos Ayres, in marshes, inundated pastures,
and on the banks of rivers. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 347. Laroch.
eryng. p. 5. Ker. bot. reg. t. 372. E. yuccaefolium, Michx.
fl. bor. 1. p. 164. — Pluk. aim. t. 975. f. 4. — Mor. ox. 3. p. 167.
sect. 7. t. 37. f. 21. Stem erect, 2-3 feet high, terete, simple
below. Flowers white, or very pale blue. In North America
the plant is called Raltle-snahe-weed, from its use in curing the
bite of that venomous reptile.
Aquatic Eryngo. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1699. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
67 E. longifolium (Cav. ann. 2. p. 133. icon. 6. t. 555.)
leaves broadly linear, with parallel nerves, remotely spiny-cili-
ated ; stem many times forked ; leaves under the branches op-
posite, very short, 3-5-cleft ; leaves of involucrum 10, deflexed,
lanceolate, rather shorter than the head of flowers, which is
nearly globose ; paleas entire, exceeding the flowers. 1/ . G.
Native of Mexico, about Pachuca and Real del Monte. Laroch.
eryng. p. 58. Tratt. arch. t. 766. Flowers white.
Long-leaved Eryngo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
«
UMBELLIFER7E.
68 E. a ngusti folium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 95.) radical leaves
linear, with parallel nerves, lobately serrated : serratures dis-
tant ; cauline leaves few, opposite ; heads of flowers short ;
scales of involucrum and paleae very long, linear-subulate, very
acute. 7f. G. Native of New Holland. Stem terete, a foot
high, striated, twice trifid, erect. Leaves of involucrum and
paleae half an inch long, much longer than the flowers.
Narrow-leaved Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
69 E. canalicula'tum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p.
238.) leaves very narrow, channelled, with parallel nerves, shin-
ing, spiny ciliated ; spines often accessory ; stem panicled, bear-
ing many heads : heads nearly unarmed, globose ; leaves of in-
volucrum connate at the base, smooth, hardly larger than the
paleae. If. G. Native of the interior regions of Brazil. Habit
of E. pristis. Radical leaves 2 lines broad. Spines 7-8 in the
space of an inch.
Channelled-leaxed Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
70 E. pri'stis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 237.)
leaves with parallel nerves, very narrow, flat, striated, spiny-
ciliated, often with accessory spines ; stem panicled, bearing
many heads : heads globose, echinated from subulate-spinescent
bracteas ; leaves of involucrum ovate, acuminated, scabrous,
twice the length of the calyxes, hardly different from the paleae.
If. G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Grande. Stem
4 feet high and more, solid. Radical leaves tufted, a foot and a
half long.
Grampus Eryngo. PI. 4 feet.
71 E. pandanifolium (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p.
236.) leaves with parallel nerves, linear, obsoletely and remotely
spiny-toothed : stem panicled, bearing many heads : heads dis-
posed in umbels, egg-shaped, unarmed ; leaves of involucrum
ovate, acuminated, smooth, hardly different from the paleae,
which are rather longer than the calyxes. 7/ . F. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Cisplatine. Heads semi-unguicular,
coloured. Radical leaves 18 lines long, broad at the base.
Screw-pine-leaved Eryngo. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
72 E. petiola'tum (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 259.) leaves
with parallel nerves, lanceolate, tapering into long petioles,
remotely spiny-ciliated ; upper leaves narrow, sessile ; leaves of
involucrum and paleae subulate, spiny-ciliated, stiff, twice the
length of the flowers. 7/. H. Native of north-west Ame-
rica, in moist soils on the plains of the Multnomah river.
Petioles 4-6 inches long. Heads echinated.
Petiolate- leaved Eryngo. PI. 2 feet ?
73 E. panicula'tum (Laroch. eryng. p. 59. t. 26.) leaves with
parallel nerves, linear, spiny-ciliated : floral ones very short ;
stem nearly naked, bearing at tbe apex umbellate branches ;
branches bearing 1-3 heads; leaves of involucrum 9-10, lanceo-
late, and are as well as the paleae entire. If. G.
Var. a, Chilense (D. C. prod. 4. p. 96.) leaves of involucrum
hardly different from the paleae ; leaves all spiny-ciliated, ’ll.
G. Native of Chili. E. paniculatum, Cav. Domb. Laroch. 1. c.
E. aquaticum, Cav. icon. 6. p. 17.
Var. (i, oligodon (D. C. 1. c.) leaves of involucrum hardly
different from the paleae ; lower leaves entire, or scarcely cili-
ated on the edges. 7/ . G. Native of Brazil. E. paniculatum,
var. a, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 234.
Var. y, bractedsum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves of involucrum elon-
gated and reflexed. 7/ . G. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Cisplatine. Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.
Paniclcd-d owered Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
74 E. cymosum (Laroch. eryng. p. 63. t. 31.) leaves with
parallel nerves : lower ones linear, channelled, bearing very
long, conjugate, subulate teeth ; upper leaves pinnatifid ; floral
branches umbellate ; leaves of involucrum 8-10, linear, quite
entire, at length reflexed, longer than the head of flowers, which
vol. hi.
XXXI. Eryngium. 273
is round ; paleae subulate, a little longer than the calyxes. 7/ . F.
Native of Mexico, in the higher plains nearTasco. Tratt. arch,
t. 361. H. B. et Kunth, nov.gen. 5. p. 35.
Cymose- headed Eryngo. PI. 2 feet.
75 E. LUZULA2 folium (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p.
240.) leaves with parallel nerves, linear, denticulated ; lower
teeth setiferous : upper ones obsoletely spinulose ; stem bearing
few heads : heads unarmed, globose ; leaves of involucrum
ovate, acute, roughish, hardly different from the paleae. If. G.
Native of the south of Brazil. Leaves 2-3 lines broad. Heads
pale straw-coloured, as also the rest of the plant.
Luzula-leaved Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
76 E. grami'neum (Laroch. eryng. 60. t. 27.) leaves with
parallel nerves, narrow-linear, remotely spiny-ciliated ; stem
bearing only 2 heads ; leaves of involucrum 8-9, lanceolate-
subulate, nearly entire, spreading, a little shorter than the head
of flowers, which is ovate; paleae subulate, a very little longer
than the flowers. If . F. Native of Mexico, in shady woods
near Santa Rosa. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 34.
Tratt. arch. t. 761. Stem simple, 2 feet high. Heads of flowers
of an amethyst colour.
Grn^y-leaved Eryngo. PI. 2 feet.
77 E. bromeliasfolium (Laroch. eryng. p. 60. t. 28.) leaves
with parallel nerves : bearing large subulate teeth, which are
shorter than the breadth of the leaves; radical leaves very long,
broadly lanceolate-linear : floral ones opposite, keeled, arched ;
leaves of involucrum 10, lanceolate, acuminated, few-toothed,
exceeding the head of flowers, which is round ; paleae entire,
twice the length of the calyxes. 7/ . F. Native of Mexico, in
humid woods. Tratt. arch. t. 357. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 5. p. 34. Flowers white ?
Pine-apple-leaved Eryngo. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
78 E. pectina'tum (Presl, in herb. Haenk. ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 96.) leaves with parallel nerves, bearing twin, subulate
teeth, 1 in each pair, very short, and the other longer than the
breadth of the leaves ; radical leaves long, lanceolate-linear :
floral ones opposite; leaves of involucrum 10, lanceolate, acu-
minated, coarsely spiny-toothed at the base. 7/ . F. Native of
Mexico. E. Deppeanum, Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p.
207. Very like E. bromelicefdlium, but differs in the leaves being
much narrower. Branches of stem bearing either 1 or 3 heads.
Pectinate- leaved Eryngo. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
79 E. Humboldtii (Laroch. ervng. p. 61. t. 29.) leaves with
parallel nerves, lanceolate-linear, closely spiny-toothed : spinules
in pairs ; stem branched above ; heads of flowers oblong, con-
glomerate ; leaves of involucrum 7-8, lanceolate, toothed, usually
shorter than the head of flowers ; outer paleae toothed : inner
ones entire. If . G. Native of New Granada, on Mount Quindiu.
Tratt. arch. t. 762. E. Humboldtianum, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 5. p. 34.
Humboldt' s Eryngo. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
80 E. proteasflorum (Laroch. eryng. p. 62. t. 30.) leaves
with parallel nerves ; cauline leaves densely crowded, rather
imbricated, lanceolate, coarsely spiny-toothed ; heads of flowers
large, oblong ; leaves of involucrum 20-22, large, toothed, lan-
ceolate, exceeding the head of flowers ; paleae entire. 2f . F.
Native of Mexico, at the foot of the burning Mount Jorullo,
and on Mount Orizaba. Tratt. arch. t. 773. H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 35. Leaves of involucrum smooth and
yellow above.
Protea-Jlomered Eryngo. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
81 E. monoce'phalum (Cav. ann. 2. p. 116. icon. t. 553.)
lower leaves with parallel nerves, linear, channelled, bearing
unequal, ternate, subulate teeth ; upper leaves pinnatifid ; stem
bearing only 1 head of flowers ; leaves of involucrum 20-24,
lanceolate, furnished each with 1-2 spreading spines, exceeding
274
UMBELLIFER/E. XXXI. Eryngium. XXXII. Actinanthus.
the head of flowers, which is roundish. If. . F. Native of
Mexico, near Huanajato and Chilpancingo. Laroch. eryng. p.
62. Tratt. arch. t. 767.
One-headed Eryngo. PI. 4 feet.
82 E. ju'nceum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 241.)
leaves with parallel nerves, very narrow, inconspicuously spiny-
denticulated, acute ; stem bearing few heads ; heads nearly un-
armed, globose ; leaves of involucrum 10-12, connate at the
base, ovate, 5-nerved, acuminated, and are as well as the paleae
smooth. If. G. Native of Brazil. Heads of one colour, 5
lines in diameter.
Rushy Eryngo. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
83 E. eriophorum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 242.)
leaves very narrow, linear, with parallel nerves, quite entire,
fringed with villi at the base ; stem bearing 1 or few heads ;
heads between egg-shaped and globose, unarmed ; leaves of in-
volucrum as well as the paleae elongated, acuminated, and
striated. If. G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatin
and Rio Grande. Stem bearing few' leaves, from 1 to 2-| feet
high. Leaves a line broad : radical one a foot and more long.
Bracteas longer than the flowers. Habit almost of a Cyperus.
Wool-bearing Eryngo. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
84 E. sanguisorb a (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 239.)
leaves linear, with parallel nerves, spiny-serrated : serratures
towards the apex of the leaf blunt and retrograde; stem naked,
bearing few heads : heads ovate ; leaves of involucrum as well
as the paleae subulately acuminated, a little longer than the
flowers. If . F. Native of the south of Brazil, in the province
of Rio Grande. Tube of calyx clothed with scarious scales at
the angles. Heads echinated, coloured, 9-10 lines long.
Sanguisorla-Wke Eryngo. PI. 2 feet.
85 E. ebractea'tum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 759.) leaves linear,
with parallel nerves, usually ciliated at the base with long
bristles ; stem trichotomously corymbose ; heads cylindrical,
unarmed ; leaves of involucrum as well as the paleae entire,
shorter than the flowers. 7/ . G. Native of the south of Brazil.
Laroch. eryng. p. 64. t. 32. Tratt. arch. t. 758. Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 244. E. nudiflorum, Willd. herb,
which was collected about Ibague, in New Granada, is the same,
according to Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. Stem erect, 2 feet high.
Habit of the last species. Calyx rough from scales.
Bractless Eryngo. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 feet.
Subgenus II. Lessonia (in honour of — Lesson, a writer
on compositae). Bertero, mss. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 351.
Small shrubs or trees, with dichotomous branches, which are
marked below by the cicatrices of the fallen leaves, but densely
leafy at the extremities. Peduncles terminal, bearing a solitary,
globose, or hemispherical head of flowers each.
86 E. bupleuroides (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 352.)
arborescent ; leaves flat, serrated ; leaves of involucrum shorter
than the head of flowers. T? . G. Native of Juan Fernandez,
in woody, stony, elevated situations at El Portezuelo. Lessonia
bupleuroides, Bertero, mss. Lessonia, Bertero, in ann. sc. nat.
vol. 21. t. 348. Stem 5-6 feet high, with forked terete branches.
Leaves 3-4 inches long. Heads of flowers dense, hemispherical.
Bupleurum-like Eryngo. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
87 E. sarcophy'llum (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 352.)
arborescent ; leaves cylindrical, fleshy ; leaves of involucrum
wanting. Jj . G. Native at Massa Fuera, near Juan Fernandez.
The heads of flow'ers are exactly globose, without any involucra.
Branches dichotomous.
Fleshy-leaved Eryngo. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
t Species not sufficiently known.
88 E. paele'scens (Mill. diet. no. 5.) radical leaves roundish,
1
multifid ; heads pedunculate. 7/ . H. Native of Europe. E.
alpinum amethystinum, capitulo majore pallescente, Tourn.
inst. 32 7. Allied to E. amethystinum, according to Mill, but
distinct from it.
Pa/e-blue-flowered Eryngo. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 ft.
89 E. America' num (Walt. fl. carol, p. 102.) leaves entire :
radical ones roundish : cauline ones ovate-lanceolate : upper-
most ones trifid ; stem procumbent. 7/ . H. Native of Ca-
rolina.
American Eryngo. PI. procumbent.
90 E. carthamoides (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 13.) leaves
oblong, toothed, undivided, cordate at the base, and stem-
clasping ; stem nearly simple, bearing few heads ; leaves of in-
volucrum few and ovate. 7/.H. Native of Mauritania. Per-
haps the same as E. aquifolium ?
Carlhamus-like Eryngo. PI. 1 foot.
91 E. cceru'leum stella'tum montis Liba'ni. Mant. phyt.
p. 26. t. 127. differs from E. dichotomum in the radical leaves
being bipinnatifid. ex Laroch. eryng. p. 66.
Starry-blue Eryngo of Mount Lebanon. PI. 1 foot.
92 E. pa'rvum palma're foliis serra'tis. Mor. oxon. sect.
7. t. 36. f. 13.
Small Eryngo with serrated leaves.
93 E. Mexica'num foliis longis denta'tis. Moris, oxon.
p. 167. sect. 7. t. 37. f. 22. Scordii spina, Hern. mex. p. 222.
E. aquaticum /3, Lam. diet. 4. p. 758. Native of Mexico.
Mexican Eryngo with long toothed leaves. PI. 1 foot.
N.B. E. laleriflorum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 473.) or Grumen
orientale spicatum (Tourn. cor. p. 39.) is not a Cenchrus, as had
been supposed by Linnaeus, nor an Eryngium but Corispermum
pungens.
Cult. Most of the species of this genus are extremely hand-
some and beautiful, and particularly so the hardy kinds, which
are therefore well fitted for decorating borders. They all suc-
ceed well in common garden soil ; but the lighter and more sandy
the soil is the better they will grow. The greenhouse or frame
kinds should be grown in pots, so that they may be sheltered in
winter. All are readily increased by dividing at the root, or
by seed.
XXXII. ACTINA'NTHUS (from atenv, actin, a ray, and
avOog, anthos, a flower ; involucels). Ehrenb. in Linnaea. 4.
p. 398. D. C. prod. 4. p. 668.
Lin. sysx. Penlandria, Digynia. Flowers monoecious,
female ones capitate : male ones in capitate umbels: marginal
ones joined, abortive, and spinescent, having the receptacle des-
titute of paleae. Teeth of calyx permanent. Petals oblong,
complicate at the apex, rather cirrhose. Fruit compressed from
the sides ; mericarps with the 5 alternate sutural ribs strongest :
having the furrows between the ribs furnished with 1 vittae each,
and the commissure with 2 vittae ; carpophore adnate. — A stiff,
squarrose plant. Lower leaves ternately bipinnate. Involucrum
none ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers white. This genus
comes between Oenanthe and Eryngium, according to the fruit,
but from the inflorescence it is analogous to Echinopliora.
1 A. Syri'acus (Ehrengb. 1. c.). 7/ . H. Native of Syria,
between the towns of Sachle and Balbec.
Syrian Actinanthus. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Eryngium above for culture and propagation.
§2. Umbels compound or perfect. Vittce on the fruit variable,
rarely wanting.
* Fruit having only primary ribs present.
Tribe IV.
AMMI'NEAE (plants agreeing with A'mmi in important
UMBELLIFER7E. XXXIII. Rumia. XXXIV. Cicuta.
characters) or Orthospe'rm* paucijuga't.e contra'ctje. Koch,
unib. p. 114. — D. C. prod. 4. p. 98. Fruit evidently com-
pressed from the sides, and for the most part contracted and
didymous ; mericarps with 5 filiform ribs, which are at length
a little winged : lateral ribs marginal ; all equal. Seed terete or
gibbously convex, flattish in front, or terete in every part. Um-
bels perfectly compound.
XXXIII. RU'MIA (a mythological name ; the goddess of
young infants). Hoffm. umb. 171. in tit. f. 3-4-17-21. Koch,
umb. p. 129. in add. no. 61. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 36. prod.
4. p. 98. but not of Link. — Cachrys. species, Spreng.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5 -toothed.
Petals oblong, ovate, entire, spreading, having an inflexed or
involute point. Fruit roundish or ovate, didymous, plicately
wrinkled ; mericarps solid, with 5 thick, very blunt, circularly
plicate ribs, covering the furrows ; each furrow furnished with
a vitta, and ornamented with plicate tubercles. Carpophore bi-
partite. Seed gibbously convex, flat in front. — Perennial smooth
herbs, natives of tbe Levant. Leaves decompound. Umbels
numerous. Universal involucrum wanting or few-leaved ; invo-
lucels 3-8-leaved. Flowers yellow, dioecious, or polygamous.
This genus differs from Cachrys in the seed not being involute
nor free, but straight, and adnate to the calyx. It differs from
Seseli in the form of the petals and sunk ribs of the fruit, and
from Hippomarathrum in the seeds being flattish in front, not
with involute margins.
1 R. Tau'rica (Hoffm. umb. et Koch. umb. 1. c.) leaves de-
compound ; segments linear ; involucrum wanting ; male flowers
numerous in the umbellules : but the fructiferous ones are few ;
fruit nearly ovate, rugosely plicate. 1/ . H. Native of Tauria,
on grassy hills about Odessa and Karassusabar. Cachrys Tau-
rica, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1410. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. no. 548.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 444. Artedia squamata, Pall. nov. act.
petrop. 10. p. 308. Sanicula crithmifolia, Willd. neu. scrift. d.
berl. ges. 3. p. 419. Laserpitium Armenum ferulaefolia, semine
crispo, Tourn. cor. p. 23.
Taurian Rumia. El. July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1| foot.
2 R. microca'rfa (Hoffm. umb. 175. fig. in tit. 3 and 21.)
leaves decompound ; segments linear-setaceous ; involucrum
many-leaved ; flowers for the most part hermaphrodite ; fruit
subglobose, wrinkled. 1£. H. Native of Caucasus at Narza-
na, and of Iberia. Cachrys microcarpa, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 218.
(exclusive of the syn. of Mor.) suppl. p. 216. Spreng. in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 445. Cachrys Sicula, Giild. trav. p. 154-
190. ex Bieb. Fruit roundish, rather didymous; ribs thick,
concrete into a mass, which is grumose inside ; furrows narrow,
each furnished with 1 vitta. Habit almost of Cachrys crtspa,
but differs in the true involucra not being pinnatifid, but the
leaves are multifid and disposed in whorles under the flowering
branches beneath the true umbel.
Var. (i, rigidula (D. C. prod. 4. p. 98.) leaves more stiff
and glaucous than the species. X. H. Native of the Levant.
Small- fruiled Rumia. PI. 1 foot.
3 R. seseloides (Hoffm. umb. p. 174. tit. f. 4.) leaves de-
compound ; segments cuneiform-lanceolate, cut ; fruit oval, with
tubercular ribs; involucrum of 1 leaf. 1/. H. Native of
Siberia and Altaia. Cachrys seseloides, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl.
p. 217. in a note. Leaves of involucels setaceous, numerous,
minute. Seseli mont&num, or Seseli glabratum, Willd. herb, in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 406. Trinia seseloides, Led. fl. ross. alt.
ill. t. 8. fl. alt. 1. p. 357.
Seseli-like Rumia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot.
4 R. leogona (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 125.) leaves supra-
decompound ; leaflets bifid or trifid ; segments linear, shortish ;
involucels obsolete ; fruit ovate ; ribs straight, destitute of
plaits and tubercles. 1/. H. Native of Caucasus on the
275
higher mountains of Talusch, at the elevation of 5000 to 6000
feet. Trinia Hoffmanni, D. C. prod. 4. p. 104.
Var.fi, microcarpa (Meyer, I. c.). Native of Caucasus, on
Mount Beschbarmak.
Smooth-angled- fruited Rumia. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 R. athamanthoi'des (D. C. prod. 4. p. 98.) leaves decom-
pound; segments cuneiformly-ovate, pinnatifid, pubescent; leaves
of both the involucrum and involucel numerous, with mem-
branous margins ; fruit ovate, having the ribs tubercular. 1/ . H.
Native of Siberia. Cachrys athamanthoides, Bieb suppl. p.
217. Athamantha carvifolia, Willd. herb, is either referrible to
this or to the preceding species.
Athamantha- lilce Rumia. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
Cult. Alight soil answers the species of this genus best;
and they are easily increased by seeds.
XXXIV. CICU'TA (a name of doubtful meaning, used by
Pliny). Lin. gen. no. 354. Hoffm. umb. 177. Spreng. umb.
prod. p. 19. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 96. Koch. umb. 129. f. 53.
and f. 54. D. C. prod. 4. p. 99. — Cicutaria, Tourn. inst. t.
171. Lam. diet. 2. p. 2. ill. t. 195. — Angelica species, Tourn.
Lin. syst. Pcntcindria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
foliaceous. Petals obcordate, with an inflexed point. Fruit
roundish, contracted from the sides, didymous ; mericarps with
5 flattish, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginal ; furrows furnished
with 1 vitta each, which fills them, even in a dried state, but
not elevated so much as the ribs. Commissure furnished with
2 vitta; ; vittae under a loose membrane ; carpophore bipartite.
Transverse section of seed terete. — Perennial, glabrous, aquatic,
poisonous herbs. Stems terete, fistular. Leaves tripinnate, or
biternate. Involucrum wanting or of very few leaves ; invo-
lucels many-leaved. Flowers white.
* European species. Fibres of roots cylindrical and slender.
1 C. virosa (Lin. spec. p. 368.) trunk of root hollow, divided
into cells by transverse dissepiments ; fibres of roots disposed
in whorled fascicles ; leaves triternate ; segments lanceolate,
serrated; umbels opposite the leaves and terminal. %. W. H.
Native of the north of Europe, from Lapland to Germany ; and
of Siberia in ditches, lakes, rivers ; North America between lat.
54° and 64°. In England it is not common, but is found at
Isleworth, in the Coin, near Colnbrook, and Uxbridge ; on
Hounslow Heath ; in the Isle of Ely ; Lovingland, in Suffolk ;
near Norwich and Yarmouth, &c. In Scotland it is more com-
mon, as in the Lake of Forfar, and other lakes in Strathmore,
&c. Oed. fl. dan. t. 208. Nees. off. pflz. 12. t. 8. Hayne,
arz. gew. 1. t. 37. Bull. herb. t. 31. Smith, engl. bot. t. 479.
Blackw. t. 574. Plench, icon. t. 213. C. aquatica, Wepfer.
mon. phil. trans. 44. t. 237. t. 4-5. Cicutaria aquatica, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 2. Coriandrum Cicuta, Roth. germ. 1. p. 130. Slum
Cicuta, Vest. ench. no. 311. Flowers white; anther reddish.
Towards the end of autumn the root for the succeeding summer
is formed out of the lower part of the stalk ; this is divided
transversely into many large unequal cells, so that it becomes
specifically lighter than water, and in winter, when the rivers or
pools swell, is buoyed up. The old root then rots, floats all
the winter, and in rivers is frequently carried to great distances,
In the spring the old root is washed away, and the new one, on
coming near the soil, sends out many slender fibres, by which
it is again fixed, grows, and flowers. Watson, in phil. trans.
It is one of the rankest of our vegetable poisons. Numerous
instances are recorded of its fatality to the human species by
Wepfer, Haller, and others, and in the phil. trans. by Dr. Wat-
son. Linnaeus relates its fatal effects on kine ; and Dr. Wither-
ing relates that early in the spring cows often eat it, and are
killed by it, but as the summer advances, and its scent becomes
N n 2
276
UMBELLIFER&. XXXIV. Cicuta. XXXV. Zizia. XXXVI. Pentacrypta. XXXVII. Apium.
stronger, they carefully avoid it : that goats, however, devour it
greedily with impunity, and that horses and sheep eat it with
safety. Strong emetics are the most approved remedy for this
poison.
Var. ft, tcnuifdlia (Schrank, akad. munch, philos. class. 7.
p. 56. t. 4. f. 1.) trunk of root slender, bearing fascicles of cy-
lindrical fibres ; leaves bipinnate ; segments linear, entire, and
subserrated ; umbels opposite the leaves, and terminal. If . W.
H. Native of Germany, near Fussen.
Poisonous Water Hemlock or Cowbane. FI. July. Britain.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
* * American species. Fibres of roots oblong and fleshy.
2 C. bulbi'fera (Lin. spec. p. 367.) fibres of roots oblong,
tuberous, fleshy ; leaves biternate ; segments linear-lanceolate,
rather serrated ; umbels terminal and axillary ; axils and rays
bearing bulbs. 1/. W. H. Native of North America, in tem-
perate and cold parts, from the river Delaware to Canada, in
water, and on banks of lakes and rivers. Michx.fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 165. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 308. Big. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 1 15.
Flowers white, having the smell of cumin-flowers.
Bulb-bearing Cowbane. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
3 C. macula'ta (Lin. spec. p. 367.) fibres of roots oblong,
fleshy, tuberous ; leaves biternate ; segments lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, mucronately serrated ; umbels terminal
and lateral ; stem spotted. "2/. W. H. Native of North Ame-
iica, in watery places, from Carolina to New England, and be-
tween lat. 54° and 64° north in the woody country ; Canada,
Lake Huron. Straits of De Fuca, and on the west coast. Bigel.
fl. bost. 2. p. 115. amer. med. bot. 1. t. 12. Torrey, fl. un. st.
I. p. 308. Rafin. med. bot. 1. t. 22. Cicutaria maculata, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 2. Flowers white. Fruit a little larger than that of
_ C. virosa.
Var. ft, angust folia (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 259.) leaflets
narrower. On the banks of the Saskatchawan.
Ypol/ed-stemmed Cowbane. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The species should be planted in ponds or ditches,
where they will increase without any further care.
XXXV. ZI ZIA (in honour of J. B. Zizii, a German botan-
ist ; author of a Flora of the Palatinate of the Rhine, in con-
junction with Koch). Koch. umb. p. 129. D. C. prod. 4. p.
99. — Smyrnium species of Lin. — Smyrnium, Ell. sketch. 1.
p. 359. — Smyrnium and Thaspium, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195
and 196. — Smyrnium species of authors.
Lin. syst. P enldndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete, or with 5 very short teeth. Petals elliptic, tapering into
a long inflexed acumen. Fruit contracted from the sides, rather
ditlymous, roundish or oval ; mericarps with 5 filiform, promi-
nent, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginal ; furrows between ribs
furnished with 1 vitta each, and the commissure with 2 vittae ;
carpophore bipartite. Seed teretely convex, scarcely flattish in
front. — Perennial herbs, natives of North America. Stems
nearly simple, erect. Leaves ternate or biternate ; segments
oblong, ovate, or cordate. Involucrum wanting; involucels
few-leaved, variable. Flowers yellow, rarely white, or dark
purple. This genus differs from Smyrnium in the seed not
being involute, and from A'pium in the petals ending in a long
inflexed acumen each.
1 Z. ai/rea (Koch. 1. c.) leaves biternate ; segments oblong-
lanceolate, attenuated at the base, deeply serrated ; involucels
3-leaved, unilateral. If.. FI. Native of North America, on
rocky hills and moist pastures, from Carolina to Pennsylva-
nia ; and of Canada, about Lake Huron. Smyrnium aureum,
Lin. spec. p. 377. Miclix. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 171. Ell. sketch.
1. p. 359. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Sison aureus, Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 410. Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. p. 305. Thas-
pium aureum, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196. Rays of umbel short.
Leaves of involucel 3, unilateral, rather concrete at the base.
Flowers golden yellow. — The Smyrnium aureum, Burm. fl. cap.
p. 8. appertains to this species, but the country from which it is
said to come is truly doubtful, and is probably a mistake.
Var. ft, acuminata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 100.) intermediate seg-
ment of leaves nearly pinnate, with 5 segments. If. H. Grow-
ing along with the species. Smyrnium acuminatum, Smith, in
Rees’ cycl. vol. 33. no. 8.
Golden-ft owered Zizia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1699. PI. lto3ft.
2 Z. corda'ta (Koch, 1. c.) radical leaves undivided, cordate,
crenated, petiolate : cauline ones nearly sessile, ternate ; leaflets
petiolate, ovate-cordate, serrated; involucel usually 1-leaved.
'll . H. Native of Carolina, on moist mountains and pastures ;
and probably on the mountains of Virginia and Pennsylvania ;
plains of the Red River, Saskatchawan, and the river Winepeg
and prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Smyrnium cordatum,
Walt. fl. carol, p. 114. Ell. sketch. 1. p.359. Schultes, syst.
6. p. 438. Torr, fl. un. st. 1. p. 307. Sison trifoliatum, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 168. Smyrnium trifoliatum, Muhl. cat.
p. 31. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Flowers golden yellow,
very like those of the preceding species ; but according to Nutt,
they are white, and according to Elliot either white or yellow;
there are therefore probably two species confused.
Cordate-leaved Zizia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1597. PI. 1 to2ft.
3 Z. intege'rrima (D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. gen. vol. 4.
p. 100.) leaves biternate, rather glaucous ; leaflets ovate, quite
entire; involucel 1 -leaved, very short. If. H. Native of Vir-
ginia, New York, and Carolina, on moist mountains, particularly
on the Alleghany mountains. Smyrnium integerrimum, Lin.
spec. p. 1468. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 171. Ell. sketch.
1. p. 360. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 195. Sison integerrimus,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 887. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 305. Flowers
golden yellow.
Quite entire- leaved Zizia. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1758. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
Cult. A moist soil suits the species of this genus best ; and
they are easily increased by dividing or by seeds.
XXXVI. PENTACRYPTA (from irtvre, pente, five, and
cpvTTTio, krypto, to hide ; application not evident). Lehm. sem.
hort. hamb. 1828. p. 16. D. C. prod. 4. p. 100.
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Monce cia. Calyx unknown. Petals
equal, lanceolate, acuminated, inflexed. Fruit oblong-elliptic,
compressed from the sides ; mericarps with 5 ribs, the 3 dorsal
ones are elevated and acute, and the 2 marginating ones round-
ish : each furrow having 1 vittae. Albumen 5-angled ; angles
roundish. — Herb suffruticose at the base. Leaves triternately
pinnate. Flowers dark purple, polygamous. Perhaps suffi-
ciently distinct from Thaspium.
1 P. atropurpu'rea (Lehm. in sem. hort. hamb. 1828. p. 16.)
'll . F. Native of Mexico. Mature fruit brownish, and have a
strong scent of parsley, as well as every part of the plant.
Dark-pur pie- ft owered Pentacrypta. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. This plant will require to be protected in winter ; it
can only be increased by seeds.
XXXVII. A'PIUM (from apon, Celtic for water; habit-
ation of plants). Hoflfm. umb. 1. p. 75. t. 1. f. 8. Koch, umb.
128. D.C.coll. mem. 5. p. 36. prod. 4. p. 100. A'pium species,
Lin. Spreng. and Lag.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals roundish, entire. Stylopodium depressed. Fruit
roundish, contracted from the sides, didymous ; mericarps with 5
filiform equal ribs : lateral ribs marginal : furrows between the
UMBELLIFERiE. XXXVII. Apidm.
277
ribs having one vittae each, but the outer ones have 2-3 vittae ;
carpophore undivided. Seed gibbously convex, flattish in front.
— Herbs, having the roots thickish at the neck. Stems furrowed,
branched. Leaves pinnate; leaflets cuneiform, cut. Umbels
axillary on the branchlets, and nearly sessile at the top of the
stem. Involucra and involucels wanting. Flowers white or
greenish.
Sect. I. Eua'pium (from eu, well, and apium, celery ; this sec-
tion is supposed to contain the true species of the genus). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 101. Point of petals closely involute.
1 A. geave'olens (Lin. spec. 379.) plant glabrous; leaves
pinnate: upper ones ternate ; leaflets cuneated, cut and toothed
at the apex. $ . H. Native nearly throughout the whole of
Europe, even to Caucasus, in ditches ; and also of Chili, near
Mendoza, and of the Falkland Islands. D’Urv. fl. mal. p. 437.
In Britain it is a common weed by the sides of ditches,
brooks of water, and marshy ground, especially towards the
sea. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1210. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 429. Hayn.
arz. gew. 7. t. 24. Fl. dan. t. 790. Plench, icon. t. 217. Seseli
graveolens, Scop. cam. no. 360. Slum A'pium, Roth, germ. 1.
p. 128. Slum graveolens, Vest. man. bot. p. 517. Celery is
known in Britain in its wild state under the name of smallage.
The seeds and whole plant in its native ditches are acrid and
dangerous, with a peculiar rank coarse taste and smell, and the
effects of cultivation in producing from it the mild sweet stalks
of celery are not a little remarkable ; for which, and its name,
we are indebted to the Italians, and which has now supplanted
our native Alexanders ( Smyrnium Olusatrum).
Use. — The blanched leaf-stalks are used raw as a salad from
August till March ; they are also stewed, and put in soups. In
Italy the unblanched leaves are used for soups, and when neither
blanched nor the green leaves .can be had, the seeds bruised form
a good substitute. The root only of the variety called the
celeriac, is used, and is excellent in soups, in which, whether
white or brown, slices of it are used as ingredients, and readily
impart their flavour. With the Germans it is also a common
salad, for which the roots are prepared by boiling, until a fork
will pass easily through them ; after they are boiled and become
cold, they are eaten with oil and vinegar. They are also some-
times served up at table, stewed with rich sauces. In all cases
before they are boiled, the coat and the fibres of the roots, which
are very strong, are cut away, and the root is put in cold water
on the fire, not in water previously boiling. The varieties are
as follow : —
Var. 1 3, dulce (D. C. prod. 4. p. 101.) leaves erect; pe-
tioles very long ; leaflets 5-lobed, serrated. A'pium dulce,
Mill. diet. no. 5. A'pium Celleri, Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 22.
Celery of the English ; celer 'i or ache of the French ; ceppich of
the Germans ; and appio of the Italians. There are several
sorts of the common or sw’eet celery, viz. 1 Common upright
Italian. 2 Large hollow upright. 3 Solid stalked upright.
4 Large red stalked upright.
Var. y, rapaceum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves spreading; petioles
short ; segments of leaves 5, serrated ; root roundish. A'pium
rap&ceum, Mill. diet. no. 5. Celeriac of the English ; celeri-
rave of the French; and knott-cellerie of the Germans. There
are 2 or 3 sorts of celeriac, viz. 1 Common celeriac or turnip-
rooted celery. 2 Celeri-rave of the French ; and 3 Knott-
cellerie of the Germans. This last is hardier than the other
kinds, and will continue longer in spring. It is grown to a large
size in the neighbourhood of Hamburgh, and is sometimes im-
ported for the London market.
Var. 3, Lusitanicum (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves 3-lobed ;
cauline ones 5-lobed, crenated. A'pium Lusitanicum, Mill,
diet. no. 7.
Estimate of sorts. — The first three sorts of var. ft are prefer-
able for general culture. The red variety is rather coarse for
salads, but is hardy to stand the winter, and well adapted for
soups and stews. The sorts of var. y are cultivated for their
roots, under the name of celeriac, which are fit for use in Sep-
tember and October, and may be preserved in sand through the
winter. Celery may be grown to lOlbs. weight, and averaging
6lbs. each head. A head of celery, we are informed (Cal. mem.
vol. 2. p. 297.), was dug up on the 4th of October, 1815, at
Longford, near Manchester, which weighed 9lbs. when washed,
with the roots and leaves still attached to it, and measured 4 feet
6 inches in height. It was the red sort, perfectly solid, crisp,
and firm, and remarkably well flavoured.
Propagation. — All the sorts are raised from seed ; and half an
ounce is reckoned sufficient for a seed-bed 4 feet and a half
wide by 10 feet in length, of the upright sorts ; but for celeriac,
a quarter of an ounce w ill be enough for a bed 4 feet square.
Soil. — Celery delights in a soil rather moist, rich in vegetable
mould, but not rank from new unrotted dung.
Times of sowing. — The most forward crop is slightly forced,
Any of the varieties may be sown in the spring in the open gar-
den, at 2 or 3 different times, from the 21st of March until the
first week of May ; but the principal sowing should be made in
the first fortnight of April.
Early crop. — For early summer and autumn celery, sow a
small portion towards the end of February, in a moderate hot-
bed. When the young plants are about 2 inches high, put out
some into a warm border, 2 or 3 inches apart, or rather into a
second slight hot-bed, if before the 21st of March, as well to
protect the plants, as to expedite their growth for final planting.
As soon as the leaves are 6 inches high, in May or June trans-
plant them into trenches for blanching, as directed below for the
main crops. But as these early sown plants will not continue
long in full growth before many of them will pipe or run, you
should plant only a moderate crop, for a temporary supply ;
when they are advanced in the trenches from 8 to 12 inches in
grow th, begin to earth them up several inches on both sides of
each row ; continue earthing up by degrees as they rise higher,
till they are whitened from 6 to 12 inches in length ; when they
may be dug up as wanted.
Main crop. — To raise the main crops for summer, autumn,
and winter, make a considerable sowung at the commencement
of April. Sow in beds of light mellow' earth, and rake in the
seed lightly and regularly. In very dry weather give moderate
waterings, both before and after the plants come up. When
they are 2-3 or 4 inches high, thin the seed-bed, and prick out a
quantity at successive times into intermediate beds, 3-4 inches
asunder. Water those removed, and till they have struck fresh
root. D. Judd sows about the middle of January in a warm
situation, on very rich ground, protecting it by mats at night.
When the plants are from 2-3 inches high, he pricks them out
into a nursery-bed, immersing the plants, as he draws them, in
water, so as they may remain moist while out of ground. The
plants remain in the nursery-bed until they become very strong.
John Walker, a gardener near Manchester, grows the red celery ;
sows for the early crop about the 1st of March, and for the late
crop about the 1st of April. “ The seed-bed is formed of fresh
dark loamy soil, mixed with old rotten dung, half and half, and
placed on a hot-bed. The nursery or transplanting bed is
formed with old hot-bed dung, very well broken, laid G or 7
inches thick, on a piece of ground which has lain some time un-
disturbed, or has been made hard by compression. The situa-
tion should be sunny. The plants are set 6 inches apart in the
dung, without soil, and covered with hand-glasses. They are
watered well when planted, and frequently afterwards. By
hardening the soil under the dung in which the plants are set,
278
UMBELLIFERjE. XXXVII. Apium.
the root is formed into a brush of fibres ; and by thus prevent-
ing the pushing of a tap-root, the plant never runs to seed be-
fore the following spring.” — Cal. hort. mem. vol. 2.
Transplanting into trenches. — When either the plants left in
the seed-bed, or those removed, are from 6 to 12 inches high,
or when the latter have acquired a stalky growth, by 4 or 5
weeks’ nurture in the intermediate bed, transplant them into
trenches for blanching. For this purpose allot an open com-
partment. Mark out the trenches a foot wide, and from 3 feet
to 3\ distant; dig out each trench lengthwise, a spade in width,
and a light spit deep, that is, 6 or 8 inches, or even a foot. Lay
the excavated earth smoothly in the intervals, making the edges
of the trendies equally full and straight ; also loosen the bottom
moderately, in a level order, to receive the plants. Before in-
serting them, it would essentially strengthen the soil, to apply
some good rotten dung in each trench 3 inches thick, and let it
be dug into the bottom regularly a moderate depth. Then having
lifted the plants, just thin any long straggling tops of the leaves
and fibres of the roots ; also slip off side shoots ; plant a single
row along the bottom of each trench, 4 or 5 inches apart. Give
a good watering directly, and occasionally after, if the weather
be dry, till the plants take root, and show renewed growth.
Continue planting out a monthly succession in June, July, Au-
gust, and September ; thus providing for a supply from July
and August of the present summer throughout the course of
autumn and winter, till May in the following spring. Judd pre-
pares his ground for transplanting by trenching in 2 spades deep,
mixing with it in the operation a good dressing of well-reduced
dung from the old forcing beds. He says, “ I give it a second
trenching in order that the dung may be better incorporated
with the mould, and then leave it in as rough a state as possible,
till my plants are ready to be put out.” In the ground thus
prepared, he forms trenches 20 inches deep, and 6 feet distant
from each other, measuring from the centre of each trench.
Before planting he reduces the depth of the trenches to 3 inches,
by digging in sufficient dung to fill them so much up. At the
time of planting, if the weather be dry, the trenches are well
watered in the morning, and the plants are put in, 6 inches apart
in a row, in the evening, care being taken by the mode above
mentioned, to keep the fibres quite wet whilst out of ground ; as
they are drawn from the nursery-bed, the plants are dressed for
planting, and then laid regularly in the garden pan. The
trenches, in which his rows of celery are planted, being so very
shallow, the roots of the plants grow nearly on a level with the
surface of the ground : this he considers particularly advanta-
geous ; for as considerable cavities are necessarily formed on
each side when the moulding takes place, all injury from stag-
nant water or excess of moisture is prevented. The trenches
when planted are watered, as may be required. He prepares
his ground for celery during the winter, and avoids putting
much of a crop in the space between the trenches, especially
one that grows tall, as he finds celery does best when it grows
as open as possible. Walker makes his trenches at 4 feet dis-
tance, and 18 inches wide, 12 deep, and filled 9 inches with a
compound of fresh strong soil, and well-rotted dung; three-
fourihs dung, and one-fourth soil. Old hot-bed dung is the
best. The plants should be taken up with as much soil as will
conveniently adhere to the roots, and the side-shoots are removed
from the stems; they are then set with the hand at 9 or 10
inches apart, in the centre of each trench ; it is necessary to
water well until they are ready to be earthed, but not after-
wards.
Landing or earthing up. — As the plants in trenches rise from
10 to 15 inches high, Abercrombie begins to land-up for blanch-
ing, observing “ to trim in the earth gently when first raised to
the stems, with a hoe or spade, but mostly the latter. When
the plants are of a more advanced growth, earth them up equally
on both sides each row, 3-4 or 5 inches, according to the
strength and height of the different crops. Repeat this once a
week or fortnight, till by degrees they are landed- up from 12
inches to 2 feet, in order to blanch them of some considerable
length. Continue thus landing-up the different crops from July
till February. As the autumnal and main winter crops attain
full growth, give them a final landing-up near the tops, which
will increase the length of the blanched part, and also protect
the later crops more effectually during the winter.” In landing-
up celery, Judd does “ not think it well to load the plants with
too much mould at first. The two first mouldings, therefore,
are done very sparingly, and only with a common draw-hoe,
forming a ridge on each side of the row, and leaving the plants
in a hollow, to receive the full benefit of the rain and the water-
ings. When the plants are strong enough to bear 6 inches high
of mould, the moulding is done with the spade, taking care to
leave bases enough to support the masses of mould, which will
ultimately be used in the ridge, and still keeping for some time
the plants in a hollow, as before directed. The process of mould-
ing is continued through the autumn, gradually diminishing the
breadth of the top, until at last it is drawn to as sharp a ridge
as possible to stand the winter. In the operation it is necessary,
in order to prevent the earth from falling into the hearts of the
plants, to keep the outer leaves as close together as possible ;
for this purpose, before I begin the moulding I take long bands
of bass matting, tied together till of sufficient length to answer
for an entire row, and I fasten this string to the first plant in the
row, then pass it to the next plant, giving it one twist round the
leaves, and so on till I reach the other, where it is again fas-
tened ; when the moulding is finished, the string is easily un-
ravelled, by beginning to untwist it at the end where it was last
fastened.” Walker, having removed the lateral shoots, the
leaves of each plant being held together with one hand, the soil
pulverized, is drawn round with the other, taking care not to
earth up too high at once, nor too close. The heart should
always be left quite free. This may be repeated about once a
fortnight until the plants are ready for use.
Late crop. — For late spring celery to stand till the end of
May in the returning spring, without running considerably, it is
expedient to make a small late sowing at the commencement of
May. The plants when 6 weeks old may be pricked on inter-
mediate beds, 6 inches by 3 asunder ; to remain till September
or October, then transplant them into moderate trenches ; as
they advance in growth, earth them up a little in winter, and
finally in the spring in February and March.
Occasional shelter. — On the approach of frost take up a part
of the crop, and lay it by under dry sand for winter use. To
preserve the plants left in the bed, lay some long dry litter over
the tops, which remove in every interval of mild weather. It is
a common complaint, that very fine looking celery is often found
to be rotten at the base of the leaf-stalks ; the fact being, that
when it is full grown, and the blanching completed, it begins to
decay, and will not keep good in the ground for more than a
month at most. Some, therefore, take up and preserve in dry
sand, but in that situation it soon becomes tough and dry. The
best mode seems to be that of forming successive plantations.
Taking the crop. — It is best to begin at one end of the row,
and dig clean down to the roots, which then loosen with a spade,
that they may be drawn up entire without breaking the stalks.
Cultivation of celeriac. — The times of sowing are the same as
that for other sorts of celery. The plants require a rich well-
manured soil, and according to an account communicated by
Lord Stanhope to Mr. Sabine, the plants are reared on a hot-
bed under glass, and transplanted wdien 2 or 3 inches high to
another hot-bed, and set an inch and a half apart. In the be-
UMBELLIFER7E. XXXVII. Apium. XXXVIII. Petroselinum.
ginning or middle of June they are transplanted into flat beds in
the open air, at the distance of 15 inches from each other, and
not in trenches like other celery. They must be abundantly
watered as soon as they are set out, and the watering must be
repeated every other day, or, if the weather should be warm,
every day. As they increase in size they will require a greater
quantity of water, and they must be occasionally hoed. The
roots will be fit for use in September or October. Mr. Sabine
states that he has been informed, that the plan of giving excess
of water is peculiar, and that the vigorous growth of the plant is
more dependent on richness of soil than on any other cause.
Abercrombie directs to earth up the bulbs 4 or 5 inches to blanch
them, when they are full grown.
To save seed. — Either leave some established plants in the
spring where growing ; or in February or March dig up a com-
petent number, cut down the top leaves, and set the plants in
the ground full 2 feet asunder. They will produce seed in
autumn. Walker grows only red celery, and in preparing plants
for seed, chooses the most solid, of the reddest colour, and the
smallest size. When taken out of the transplanting bed, the
lateral shoots being removed, they should be planted in a dry
warm situation, where the seed will ripen well.
Strong-scented Apium, Smallage, Celery, and Celeriac. FI.
June, Aug. Britain. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 A. Chile'nse (Hook, et Am. in hot. misc. 3. p. 353,) plant
glabrous ; stem nearly terete, hardly angular ; leaves spreading,
bipinnate : lobes cuneated, somewhat trifidly cut, quite entire ;
petals involute at the apex. $ . H. Native about Valparaiso.
The plant is much stouter than A. graveolens, and the stem is
not deeply furrowed. The leaves resemble those of common
parsley, but are much smaller, and more flaccid. The peduncles
or short lateral branches are stout and firm. Fruit much larger
than that of A. graveolens. Involucrum and involucels wanting.
Chili Celery. PI. 2 feet.
Sect. II. Oreoscia'dium (opoe opeog, oros oreos, a mountain,
aviaSiov, skiadion, an umbel ; habitat of plants). D. C. prod.
4. p. 101. Petals denticulated, with an inflexed point.
3 A. monta'num (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 17.)
leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate-cuneated, trifid : lobes acute,
quite entire. 7/. F. Native of New Granada, in Paramo de
Almaguer, at the height of 9,300 feet. Ligusticum ternatum,
Schlecht. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 555.
Mountain Celery. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
4 A. ranunculifolium (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 18. t. 421.)
leaves somewhat ternate ; leaflets obovate-cuneated : lateral ones
5-lobed : intermediate one 3-parted ; segments 2-3-lobed. 7/ .
F. Growing along with the preceding, of which it is probably
only a variety.
Crowfoot-leaved Celery. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
5 A. glauce'scens (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves subternate ;
leaflets obovate-cuneated, tripartite; lobes bifid or trifid. 7/.
F. Growing along with the two preceding species, of which it is
perhaps only a variety.
Glaucescent Celery. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 A. Commersonii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 101.) leaves pinnate;
leaflets multifid : lobes linear. 7/ . F. Native of South Ame-
rica. Styles a little longer and more divaricate than any other
of the species. It is very nearly allied to A. ranunculifolium,
but the segments of the leaves are narrower and more acute, and
the lower leaves are pinnate.
Commerson’s Celery. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
•f Species not sufficiently known.
7 A. fractophy/llum (Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 128.) seg-
ments of radical leaves cordate, and truncate at the base, and
279
trifid at the apex. $ . H. Native country unknown. The
fruit is very like that of A. graveolens.
Broken-leaved Celery. FI. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
8 A. austra'le (Pet. Th. fl. hist. d’ac. p. 43.) leaves bipin-
nate : segments cuneiform ; branches whorled ; umbels sessile,
crowded. $ . F. Native of the Island of Tristan da Cunha.
Carm. descr. p. 34. Flowers white. Petals not described.
Perhaps the same as A. Commersonii.
Southern Celery. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species will grow in any common soil, and are in-
creased by seeds.
XXXVIII. PETROSELI'NUM (from werpog, petros, a rock,
and (teXivov, selinon, parsley ; habitat of the species). Hoflfm.
umb. 1. p. 78. t. 1. f. 7. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 102. Koch. umb.
p. 127. D. C. prod. 4. p. 102. — A'pium species of Lin. Spreng.
and others.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals roundish, incurved, entire, hardly emarginate, with an
inflexed point. Stylopodium short, conical, rather crenulated.
Styles diverging. Fruit ovate, contracted from the sides, some-
what didymous ; mericarps with 5 equal filiform ribs : lateral
ribs marginal; having the furrows between the ribs furnished
with one vitta each, and the commissure with 2. Carpophore
bipartite. Seed gibbously convex, flattish in front. — Branched
glabrous herbs. Leaves decompound, with cuneated seg-
ments. Involucra few-leaved ; involucels many-leaved. Flowers
white or greenish, uniform : those in the disk of the umbel fre-
quently sterile. Stamens longer than the corolla.
1 P. sativum (Hoffm. et Koch, 1. c.) stem erect, angular;
leaves decompound, shining; lower leaflets ovate-cuneated,
trifidly toothed : superior ones lanceolate, nearly entire ; leaves
of involucel filiform. $ . H. Native of Sardinia, Greece,
Archipelago, Turkey, Chili about Conception, &c. on shaded
rocks ; and now cultivated in every culinary garden. Nees. oft’,
pfianz. 16. t. 21. A'pium Petroselinum, Lin. spec. 379. Hayn.
arz. gew. 7. t. 23. A'pium vulgare, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 1027.
A'pium tenuifolium, Riv. pent. irr. with a figure. The Parsley
is called Persil in French, Peter silie in German, and Petroselino
in Italian. It is a hardy biennial ; introduced to England in 1548
from Sardinia. It is now so common as to be naturalised in
several places both in England and Scotland. The root leaves
are much curled in some varieties. The flowers are yellow, and
appear in June ; they have usually one leaf at the origin of the
universal umbel ; and the involucel often of from 6 to 8 short
small leaves, fine almost as hairs to the partial umbels.
“ It may be right to notice, that the poisonous plant called
fools-parsley ( ASthusa Cyndpium), a common weed in rich gar-
den soils, has sometimes been mistaken for common parsley.
They are very easily distinguished : the leaves of fools-parsley
are darker green, of a different shape, and, instead of the peculiar
parsley smell, have when bruised a disagreeable odour. When
the flower-stem of the fool’s-parsley appears, the plant is at once
distinguished by what is vulgarly called its beard, the 3 long
pendant leaves of the involucrum. The timid may shun all risk
of mistake by cultivating only the curled variety. This last it
may be remarked, makes the prettiest garnish.” Neill.
Varieties. — There are :
1. The common plain leaved, which is the true species, is sel-
dom cultivated.
2 The curled-leaved. This is the most esteemed variety.
A'pium crispum, Mill. diet. no. 2. P. sativum ft crispum, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 102.
3 The broad-leaved or large-rooted Hamburgh, which is culti-
vated for its carrot-shaped roots. A'pium latifolium, Mill. diet.
280
UMBELLIFERjE. XXXVIII. Petroselinum. XXXIX. Wydleria.
no. 3. but not of Poir. P. sativum y latifolium, D. C. prod. 4.
p. 102.
Use. — The leaves of the two first varieties are used as pot-
herbs at all seasons of the year ; also as a garnish. The third
kind is esteemed for its large white carrot-shaped roots, drawn
in winter like parsnips for the table ; and occasionally to be used
in medicine, being a good remedy for the gravel.
Culture of the pot-herb kinds. — “ One sowing in spring will
mostly furnish young leaves all the year, though to answer a
constant demand, many persons make successive sowings from
February to May. Some also sow early in autumn for young
parsley in winter and spring ; but such a supply is better pro-
vided by cutting down established plants. Sow in a single drill
along the edge of any compartment, or occasionally in rows 9 or
12 inches asunder. Draw small drills, something less than an
inch deep, in which drop the seed moderately thick, and cover a
little above half an inch. The plants will come up in 3 or 4
weeks, and when 2 or 3 inches high, may be gathered as wanted
all the summer, winter, and following spring till May, when
they will go to seed. Have always a young crop sown timely
in the spring, to succeed the declining old plants. In gathering
pot-herb parsley, cut close and regular. In summer, when the
plants grow rank, yielding more leaves than can be used, cut
them in close to the bottom, and they will shoot up stocky in
a regular close growth. Observe also to do the same in autumn,
about the end of September, that the plants may form heads of
fresh young leaves before winter. On the approach of frosty
weather protect them with haulm or reed-pannels, laid upon
branches of birch or other light supports.”
Culture of Hamburgh parsley. — “ To obtain large roots allot
a compartment where the soil is deep, and has been w'ell dug.
Any common mould will suit, if dry and not too rank. Sow in
February, March, or early in April, in one or more beds ; either
in drills 9 inches asunder, or broad-cast, and rake it. The
plants should be thinned to 9 inches distance, to give room for
proper growth in the roots, for use in August, September, Octo-
ber, and thence till the following spring. On the approach of
frost take up some roots, and preserve them in sand. A sowing
may be made in the third week in June, when young roots are
wanted in winter.”
To save seed. — “ Permit some old plants to run to stalks in
May ; they will produce plenty of seed, ripening in July or Au-
gust.” Abercrombie.
Cultivated or Common Parsley. FI. June, July. Clt. 1548.
PI. 2 feet.
2 P. peregri'num (Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 100. Koch, umb. 128.)
stem erect, stiff, rather angular ; petioles sheathing, scarious ;
leaves shining ; leaflets on long petioles, cuneated, deeply ser-
rated ; leaves of both the involucrum and involucel linear. $ .
H. Native of Spain? Portugal? and on the mountains of Peru
according to Haenk. herb. A'mmi petroselinoides, Presl, mss.
Ligusticum peregrinum, Lin. spec. p. 368. Jacq. hort. vind. 3.
t. 18. Sison peregrinus, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 409.
A'pium latifolium, Poir. diet. 4. p. 369. but not of Mill. Bu-
plehrum petroselinoides, Spreng. umb. prod. p. 39. and per-
haps A'pium Romanum, Zucc. cent. p. 57. Petals white, entire.
Foreign Parsley. FI. June, July. Clt. 1633. PI. 2 feet.
3 P. selinoi'des (D. C. prod. 4. p. 102.) stem striated; radi-
cal leaves tripinnate: cauline ones bipinnate ; leaflets pinna-
tifid : lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, or tripartite; umbels
drooping a little ; involucrum almost absent. If, . H. Native
country unknown. Selinum peregrinum, Willd. enum. p. 306.
This plant differs from Gnidium apioides, to which it is joined
by Sprengel, in the segments of the leaves being much larger,
in the petals being cream coloured, not white, and in being
entire, not obcordate.
Selinum-like Parsley. PI. 2 feet.
4 P. prostra'tum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 102.) stem procumbent,
flexuous ; [leaves pinnate; leaflets petiolate, pinnatifid : lobes
5-7-lanceolate : ultimate ones trifid at the apex ; umbels nearly
sessile, opposite the leaves ; involucrum usually of one leaf.
1/ . F. Native of Van Diemen’s Land. A'pium prostratum,
Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 76. t. 103. Vent. malm. t. 81. Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 430. Herb edible.
Prostrate Parsley. PI. prostrate.
5 P. se'getum (Koch, umb. p. 128.) stem erect, twiggy,
nearly naked ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets nearly sessile, roundish-
ovate, pinnatifidly cut, mucronatelv toothed : upper lobes linear ;
involucrum 2-3-leaved; rays of umbel very unequal. ©. H.
Native of Britain, France, Caucasus, and Switzerland, in corn-
fields, vineyards, and gardens. In Britain in a chalky rather
moist soil, but not very common ; as about Mapledurliam,
Hants ; at Binham, Norfolk; near Kelmarsb, Northamptonshire ;
at Walthamstow, Essex ; and in the island of Tir&e, Scotland.
Sison segetum, Lin. spec. 362. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 134. Smith,
engl. bot. 228. Sium segetum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 406. — Mor.
hist. 3. p. 283. sect. 9. t. 5. f. 6. Flowers and fruit agreeing
with the rest of the genus Petroselinum, but the habit is that of
Pimpinella. Flowers all fertile, white or even reddish. Teeth
of calyx rather conspicuous. Perhaps Sison arvensis, Brot. fl.
lus. 1. p. 424. and Schultes, syst. 6. p. 418. is not distinct from
this. The whole account of this herb by that accurate observer
Goodyer, with the origin of honewort, from its curing a swelling
in the cheek, called a hone, &c. is a model of precise infor-
mation.
Corn Honewort. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to l-j feet.
Cult. The species will grow in any soil, and they are only to
be propagated by seed.
XXXIX. WYDLERIA (in honour of H. Wydler, who has
written a monograph of the genus Scrophuldria). D. C. coll,
mem. v. p. 36. t. 7. prod. 4. p. 103.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete
(f. 60. a.). Petals ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminated (f. 60.
c.) ; acumen incurved. Fruit ovate, rather didymous, crowmed
by the short stylopodium, and short reflexed styles (f. 60. b.)\
mericarps somewhat semi terete, and rather contracted at the
margins ; furnished with 5 filiform thickish obtuse ribs at equal
distances ; having the furrow's between these ribs furnished with
one vitta each, but the commissure is narrow, and furnished with
2 vittae ; all the vittae are very narrow. Carpophore bifid. —
A smooth West Indian herb, with a terete branched erect stem;
ternate leaves, with multifid leaflets, and cuneated lobes. In-
volucrum none or only of one leaf, but the involucels are many
leaved. Flow'ers w'hite, not sufficiently knowm. This genus,
according to Koch, is allied to Petroselinum, but differs both
from it and Fceniculum, in the pe- FIG. 60.
tals ending in long taper points.
It is also to be distinguished from
Cnidium, in the fruit being some-
what contracted at the sides, and
in the ribs not being winged ;
from Seseli, in the calyx being
toothless, and from both these
last genera in the petals being
entire.
1 W. Portorice'nsis (D.C. 1.
c.) ©. F. Native of Porto Rico,
on the w'est coast, where it is cul-
tivated along with Musa para-
disiaca and Lepidium Virginicum.
Plant a foot high and more.
UMBELLIFERiE. XL. Trinia. XLI. Helosciadium.
281
Leaves rather stiff. Umbels numerous, 12-14-rayed. (fig.
60.)
Porto- Rico Wydleria. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. A plant of easy culture, and only to be propagated by
seeds.
XL. TRI NIA (in honour of Dr. Trinuus, a celebrated Rus-
sian botanist, who has written on Gramineae). Hoffm. umb. gen.
p. 92. Bieb. suppl. 244. Koch, umb. p. 127. D. C. prod. 4. p.
103. — Pimpinella species of Lin. Spreng. Lag. — Apinella, Neck,
elem. no. 325. — Spielmannia, Cuss. mss. ex Juss. diet. sc. nat.
55. p. 328.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Flowers usually dioecious from abortion, rarely monoecious.
Petals of the male flowers lanceolate, ending in an involute seg-
ment; those of the female or hermaphrodite flowers ovate, and
ending in a short inflexed point each. Fruit ovate, compressed
from the sides ; mericarps furnished wTith 5 filiform, rather pro-
minent equal ribs : lateral ones marginal ; having the furrows
between the ribs either without vittae, or with one in each furrow ;
carpophore flat, bipartite from the base. Seed gibbously convex,
flattish in front. — Much branched biennial herbs. Stems angu-
lar. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets triternate ; lobes linear, pale
or glaucescent. Umbels numerous, of many rays, without any
involucrum, either disposed in a thyrse or panicle. Umbel-
lules usually naked, seldom furnished with an involucel, some-
times proliferous or somewhat racemose. Flowers white, dioe-
cious or polygamous.
1 T. Kitaibe'lii (Bieb. suppl. p. 246. Koch, umb. 127.)
plant glabrous ; involucels 4-5-leaved ; ribs of fruit obtuse.
£ . H. Native of Tauria and the south of Russia, Volhynia,
&c. Pimpinella glauca, Hoffm. umb. 18. Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar.
hung. 1. t. 72. Seseli pumilum, Lin. spec. p. 378. Pimpi-
nella dichotoma, Lin. syst. p. 291. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 883.?
Flowers white.
Kitaibel’s Trinia. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 foot.
2 T. vulga'ris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 103.) plant glabrous; in-
volucels wanting or of one leaf ; ribs of fruit obtuse ; lobes of
leaves linear, setaceous, very long. $ . H. Native of Europe
and Caucasus, in exposed places. T. Henningii, Koch, umb. p.
127. Bieb. suppl. 245. Seseli monthnum var. y Lapeyr. abr.
pyr. Pimpinella dioica, Bess, journ. galic. Pimpinella glauca,
Lin. spec. p. 378. Pimpinella multicaulis, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 684.
Seseli pumilum, Gouan. ill. 15. Flowers white.
Common Trinia. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 foot.
3 T. glabe'rrima (Hoffm. umb. p. 93.) plant glabrous ; in-
volucels wanting or of one leaf ; ribs of fruit obtuse ; leaflets
linear-lanceolate, short, equal. $ . H. Native of Western and
Central Europe, frequent. In England, on St. Vincent’s rock
near Bristol, and at Uphill in Somersetshire. In Ireland near the
church at Athboy, county of Meath, in great .quantities. Pimpi-
nella dioica, Lin. mant. p. 354. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1209. Seseli
glaucum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 436. Seseli phmilum, Lin. spec.
373. All. fl. pedem. Pimpinella glauca, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 883.
Pimpinella pumila, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 227. aust. 1. t. 28. Peuce-
danum minus, Huds. angl. ed. 8. p. 101. Trinia vulgaris (3,
Jacquini, D. C. prod. 4. p. 103. Root tapering, fleshy. Herb
glaucous. Umbels panicled. Flowers cream-coloured.
Var. 13, Dalechdmpii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 104. under T. vul-
garis,) lobes of leaves linear, short ; stem a finger in height ;
umbels numerous, many flowered. $ . H. Native of the king-
dom of Naples, and other parts of the south of Europe, in sterile
fields. Meum Dalechampii, Ten. prod. fl. neap. p. xix. —
Dalech. hist. 1. p. 749.
Quite-glabrous Trinia. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. \ to 1 ft.
4 T. RAMosissiMA (Fisch. ex Koch, in nov. act. bonn. 12. p.
VOL. III.
127.) germens glabrous ; ribs of mericarps very blunt, rounded ;
umbellules few flowered, furnished with involucels ; fruit bear-
ing pedicels much longer than the cremocarps. $ . H. Native
of Altaia, in plains at the river Irtysh near Krasnojarsk, and
elsewhere ; and about Buchtorminsk. It differs from T. Ki-
laibelii, in the involucels being present, and in the pedicels being
more slender and elongated.
Much-branched Trinia. PI. \ foot.
5 T. Hoffma'nni (Bieb. suppl. p 244.) plant glabrous ; in-
volucels wanting or of one leaf ; ribs of fruit, especially the cari-
nal ones, acute. $ . H. Native of Russia and Tauria. Trinia
glaberrima var. Hoffm. umb. 93. Flowers whitish.
Hoffmann’s Trinia. Fl. June, July. PI. \ to 1 foot.
6 T. hi'spida (Hoffm. umb. 94.) stem, leaves, and fruit pu-
berulous from short scattered down ; involucrum none, but when
present of only one leaf; ribs of fruit acute. $ . H. Native
of the south of Russia and Tauria, in dry desert places. T.
Hoffmanni var. (3, Bieb. suppl. p. 245. Pimpinella dioica Ros-
sica, Fisch. hort. gorenk. 1812. Pimpinella dioica, D’Urv.
enum. pi orient, p. 34. Perhaps only a variety of the preced-
ing. Flowers white.
Hispid Trinia. PI. 1 foot.
7 T. Dufou'rii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 104.) stem and leaves
smoothish ; involucels almost wanting ; fruit puberulous, round-
ish, with obtuse ribs. $ . H. Native of Spain, near Tudela.
Seseli dioicum, Dufour in litt. Pedicels after flowering time
very short, hardly longer than the fruit. The species of this
genus are very variable, and by no means easily distinguished.
Dufour s Trinia. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. A light sandy soil suits the species, in which the seeds
should be sown in spring.
XLI. HELOSCIA'DIUM (from k\og, kelos, a marsh, and
actaSioy, s/ciadion, an umbel ; meaning an umbelliferous plant in-
habiting marshes). Koch, umb. p. 125. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p.
37. D. C. prod. 4. p. 104. — Slum, Adans. fam. 2. p. 97. —
Slum species of Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
or obsolete. Petals ovate, entire, with a straight or inflexed apex.
Styles short. Fruit compressed from the sides, ovate or oblong ;
mericarps furnished with 5 equal, rather prominent filiform ribs,
lateral ribs marginating : having the furrows between the ribs
furnished with one vitta each ; carpophore entire, distinct. Seeds
gibbously or teretely convex, flattish in front. — Herbs. Umbels
compound. Flowers white. Involucra variable in the dif-
ferent sections, which are probably genera.
Sect. I. Maucha'rtia (in honour of Bure. Dav. Mauchart,
author of Dissertationis Butyrum Cacao, 4to. Tubingen, 1735).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 104. — Neck. elem. no. 286. ? Common in-
volucra composed of from 1 to 3 leaves, rarely wanting ; in-
volucels of 5-6 leaves. — Procumbent or creeping aquatic herbs,
with pinnate leaves.
1 H. cra'ssipes (Koch, 1. c.) stems creeping at the base, as-
cending ; leaves pinnate : upper ones ternate ; leaflets obovate,
deeply toothed at the apex ; umbels 3-5-cleft, without any invo-
lucra ; pedicels of umbellules stiff, a little thickened at the
base, and rather connate. "2/.H. Native of Corsica, in watery
places about Bonifacio and Porto Vecchio ; and of Sardinia.
Reich, icon. bot. 3. p. 16. no. 365. t. 218. Slum limosum,
Moris, in herb. Balb. Slum crassipes, Spreng. Lois. Flowers
white.
Thick-pedicelled Helosciadium. PI. creeping 1 foot.
2 H. nodiflorum (Koch, umb. p. 126.) stem rooting, pro-
cumbent, striated ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong, equally ser-
rated ; umbels opposite the leaves, sessile or on short peduncles;
involucra wanting or few'-leaved, deciduous. W. H. Native
O o
282
UMBELLIFERjE.
XLL Helosciadium.
of many parts of Europe, in ditches and rivulets ; plentiful in
some parts of Britain. Slum nodiflorum, Lin. spec. 361. Woodv.
med. bot. 3. t. 182. Smith, engl. hot. t. 639. but not of the
Flora Danica. Sison nodiflorum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 423. Seseli
nodiflorum, Scop. earn. 2. p. 353. Flowers white. There is a
dwarf variety of this mentioned in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 300. which
is hardly a finger in height; and a large variety, which grows
even 1-| foot high. This plant was formerly admitted into the
London Pharmacopoeia, in the character of an antiscorbutic, or
rather as a corrector of acrid humours, especially when mani-
fested by cutaneous eruptions, and tumours in the lymphatic
system. The best proofs of its efficacy are from Dr. Withering.
A young lady was cured of a most obstinate cutaneous eruption
by taking three large tea-spoonfuls of the juice twice a day ; and
he has repeatedly given to adults 3 or 4 ounces every morning,
in similar complaints, with the greatest success. It is not nau-
seous, and children take it readily if mixed with milk. In the
dose he has given it, it neither affects the head, the stomach, nor
the bowels. This plant, therefore, if it should be eaten for
water-cresses, does not seem to be very dangerous, or to require
all that caution which Miller prescribes, to distinguish it from
water-cresses.
Var. /3, ochreatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 104.) stems rather creep-
ing ; petioles membranous, and dilated at the base ; umbels on
rather longer peduncles than those of the species ; involucrum
permanent. "2£. W. H. Native of ditches and rivulets about
Lugdun. Slum repens /3, D.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 300. This variety is
said to be intermediate between H. nodiflorum and H. repens.
Var. y? radiatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 105.) involucrum of one
foliaceous, somewhat trifid leaf ; leaves of involucel exceeding
the flowers. 1£. W. H. Native of the north of Africa. Sium
radiatum, Viv. fl. lyb. 1. p. 16. t. 9. f. 2. Tordylium Cyrentt-
icum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 895.
Knot-flowered Helosciadium. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI.
I to 1 foot.
3 H. re'pens (Koch, 1. c.) stem prostrate, rooting ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets roundish, deeply toothed; umbels on long pe-
duncles, opposite to the leaves ; involucrum of 2-4 ovate- lan-
ceolate permanent leaves. % . W. H. Native of France, Den-
mark, and Germany. In Britain in boggy meadows, or on
watery commons ; on Buffington Green and Cowley Bottom,
near Oxford ; on Coldham Common, Cambridgeshire ; on Gold-
ington Green and Stevington bogs ; at Fisher Row and on Guil-
lon Links, near Edinburgh ; and in ditches near Forfar. Sium
repens, Lin. fil. suppl. 181. Fl. dan. 1514. Jacq. aust. 3. t. 260.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 1431. Peduncles of umbels equal to the
naked part of the petioles, which are in H. nodiflorum much
shorter. Flowers white.
Creeping Helosciadium. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. cr.
4 H. inunda'tum (Koch, 1. c.) stems creeping ; leaves pinnate :
leaflets of the submersed leaves capillaceously multifid : those of
the emersed ones cuneiform and deeply trifid ; umbels opposite
the leaves ; peduncles bearing 2 rays or umbels, without an in-
volucrum ; umbellules 5-flowered. 1/ . W. H. Native of Europe,
in marshes, bogs, ditches, pools, and wet ground over-flowed
in winter ; plentiful in some parts of Britain. Sium inundatum,
Wigger’s, Holsat. p. 24. Hydrocotyle inundatum, Smith, fl.
brit. 1. p. 290. Engl. bot. t. 227. Fl. dan. t. 89. Sison inun-
ditum, Willd. Meurn inundatum, Spreng. umb. spec. 115. —
Pluk. aim. t. 61. f. 3. Flowers white.
Var. /3, capillaceum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 105.) stems erect;
leaves all capillaceously multifid. Schum. zeel. 1. p. 90. ex
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 435.
Inundated Helosciadium. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. cr.
5 H. interme'dium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 105.) root rather bul-
bous, stoloniferous ; stem filiform, ascending ; leaves pinnate :
1
leaflets verticillate, short, trifid ; umbels opposite the leaves,
pedunculate, 4-5-rayed, involucrated. 1/. W. H. Native of
France, near Dax, in inundated places. Sison verticillato-inun-
datum, Thore, chi. land. p. 101. Sium intermedium, D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 302. Sium bulbosum, Thore, journ. bot. 1. p. 193. t. 7.
f. 2. but not of Poir. Helosciad. bulbosum, Koch, umb. p. 126.
Flowers white.
Intermediate Helosciadium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI.
\ foot.
6 H. Californicum (Hook, et Am. in Beech, bot. p. 143.)
plant procumbent? leaves pinnate, with 8-11 ovate, acute,
deeply serrated leaflets ; lower leaflets pinnatifid or pinnate, with
few leaflets ; umbels lateral and terminal ; involucra and invo-
lucels of many leaves; styles elongated. 1£. B. H. Native of
North California, and on the low moist soils of the Columbia.
The plant has a good deal the habit of H. repens. Douglas
says the stems are 2-3 feet high, from which expression it may
be inferred that the plant is not procumbent.
Californian Helosciadium. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Sect. II. Cyclospe'rmum (from kvkXoq, lcyclos , a circle, and
uireppa, sperma, a seed). Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 101. D. C. prod.
4. p. 105. Both the involucra and involucels are wanting. Fruit
quite glabrous.
7 H. leptophy llum (D. C. mem. soc. genev. vol. 4.) plant'
glabrous, erectish or diffuse ; leaves many times ternately divid-
ed : leaflets capillary : cauline leaves nearly sessile ; umbels op-
posite the leaves, sessile or pedunculate, 2-3-rayed ; umbellules
pedunculate. ©. H. Native nearly throughout the whole of
America, especially in Chili, Mexico, St. Domingo, Brazil, and
Louisiana. Sison A'mmi, Lin. spec. 363.? Jacq. hort. vind. t.
200. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 412. exclusive of Schaw. and Poir.
synonymes. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1 . p. 386. .Ethusa
A'mmi, Spreng. umb. prod. p. 22. Pimpinella leptophylla,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 324. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 390. Pimpinella
lateriflora, Link, enum. 1. p. 285. exclusive of the synonymes.
Heliosciadium lateriflorum, Koch, umb. p. 126. Pimpinella
Domingensis, Willd. herb. Ethusa leptophylla, Spreng. umb.
prod. 22. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 190. Sison fasciculatum, Pohl
in litt. Pimpinella capillacea, Poir. 1828. Anethum pinn&tum,
Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Deless. A plant in Sieb. fl. nov. holl.
exsic.no. 481. is apparently referrible to this species, as also
Sison Hae'nkei, Presl, in herb. Haenke. Flowers white.
Slender -leaved Helosciadium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819.
PI. 1 foot.
8 H. lacinia'tum (D. C. mem. soc. genev. vol. 4.) plant gla-
brous, erect ; leaves many times ternately divided : leaflets cut,
oblong-linear : cauline leaves all petiolate ; umbels sessile, oppo-
site the leaves, 3-rayed, one-half shorter than the petioles. ©.
H. Native of Peru and of Chili, in stony pastures. Bertero,
herb. no. 101. Poepp. no. 93. p. 281. Very like H. leptophyl-
lum, but differs in the leaflets being broader, and in the petioles
of the cauline leaves being much longer. Sison laciniatum,
Lher. herb, in herb. Domb.
Jagged- leaved Helosciadium. PI. 1 foot.
9 H. ranunculifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 105.) plant gla-
brous, erect, dichotomous ; lower leaves bipinnate : upper pin-
nate and ternate, opposite ; leaflets cuneated at the base, cut
into acuminated lobes ; umbels rising from the forks of the
branches, on short peduncles. ©? W. H. Native of Chili, on the
Andes in Rio Saladillo, in the province of Cordova; and about
Conception. H. lateriflorum, Hook, et Am. Some of the
petals are entire, and some of them somewhat emarginate, from
the point being bent in so much. Calyx obsolete. Fruit cor-
date at the base when young, more compressed, and less ribbed
than in the rest.
UMBELLIFER7E. XLI. Helosciadium. XLII. Discopleura. XLIII. Leptocaulis.
283
Crowfoot-leaved Helosciadium. PI. 1 foot?
10 H. te'nerum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 105.) plant glabrous,
erect ; leaves bipinnate : leaflets tripartite : lobes obovate, ob-
tuse, small ; umbels rising from the axils, pedunculate, 4-5-
rayed, without any involucrum. — Native of Nipaul, on the high
mountain of Sheopore. Sison? tener, Wall. mss. Herb 6-8 inches
high. Sheath of petioles dilated and membranous. Fruit small,
ovate, glabrous in the immature specimen. Styles very short.
Tender Helosciadium. PI. § foot.
11 H.? Ru'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 106.) stem multiple, diffuse;
leaves biternate : lower ones on long petioles : lobes pval, con-
fluent a great way, obtuse : upper leaves on short petioles, with
oblong lobes; umbels opposite the leaves, sessile, 3-5 -rayed:
rays elongated. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Slum forte
Africanum foliis trifidis seu Rutae hortensis Oldenl. herb. Sison
trifidum, Burm. herb. Sison Rhta, Burm. fi. cap. p. 7. A
rather doubtful species, but from the immature fruit it appears to
belong to this genus.
/?we-leaved Helosciadium. PI. diffuse.
12 H. Heynea'num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 106.) stem nearly
simple, erect ; leaves on long petioles, ternate ; leaflets petiolate,
lanceolate, acuminated, deeply toothed ; umbels on long pedun-
cles, opposite, with 5-6 elongated rays ; and the umbellules 5-8-
flowered. ©. H. Native of the East Indies, but in what place
is unknown. Pimpinella Heyneana, Wall. mss. Mature fruit
not seen. Allied to the following section, but differs in the fruit
being glabrous while young.
Heyne’s Helosciadium. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. III. Traciiyscia'dium (from rpa^vQ, trachys, rough,
and oKiatiiov, skiadion, an umbel ; in reference to the rough fruit
of the species). D. C. prod. 4. p. 106. Both involucra and in-
volucels are wanting. Fruit rough from short stiff hairs.
13 H. trifolia'tum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 106.) stem glabrous,
branched, erect : lower leaves 3-5-parted, the rest ternate :
leaflets nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, smooth above, but sca-
brous from pili along the nerves beneath, deeply toothed : teeth
mucronate ; fruit ovate, scabrous from rigid pili. — Native of
Nipaul, on the higher mountains about Gosaingsthan. Pimpi-
nella ? trifoliata, Wall. mss. Umbels terminal, and opposite the
leaves, 6-8-rayed. Styles very short. Fruit rather didymous.
Trifoliate Helosciadium. PI.
14 H. pubescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 106.) stem erect, mul-
tiple, pubescent, as well as the petioles, rays of umbel, and un-
der side of leaves : lower leaves ternate : leaflets ovate, toothed,
stalked : upper leaves on long petioles, ovate-cordate, toothed,
rarely cut ; fruit scabrous. — Native of Kamaon, in the East
Indies. Pimpinella pubescens, Wall. mss. Very like the pre-
ceding, but differs in the pubescence and structure of the leaves.
The immature fruit has only been seen.
Pubescent Helosciadium. PI.
Cult. Those species belonging to the first section of the
genus being aquatic perennial plants, should be grown in ponds
of water ; the rest being annual, the seeds of them should be
sown in any warm situation.
XLII. DISCOPLEU'RA (from Bu tkoq, diskos, a disk, and
rXevpa, pleura , a rib ; the 2 lateral nerves of the fruit form a
disk on both sides of the fruit). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 38. t. 8.
and 9. prod. 4. p. 106. — A'mmi species of Michx. Ell. &c.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Calycine teeth 5, subulate,
permanent (f. 61. e.). Petals ovate, entire, each furnished with
a replicate point (f. 61. /.). Fruit ovate (f. 61. c.), rather didy-
mous ; mericarps with 5 ribs ; the 3 dorsal ones filiform, exsert-
ed, and acutish : the 2 lateral ones rather concrete, with the thick
accessory margin, forming a broad disk on both sides of the
fruit: having the furrows between the ribs furnished with one
vitta each ; carpophore bifid. Seed nearly terete. — Smooth
North American herbs. Stems terete. Leaves compound ; leaf-
lets linear-setaceous, some trifid, and others entire. Leaves of
involucel few, linear-setaceous. Flowers white. A genus of
elegant plants.
1 D. capilla'cea (D. C. 1. c.
t. 8. A.) plant erect or procum-
bent ; umbels 8-10-rayed; leaf-
lets of involucrum 3-5, nearly all
trifid. ©. W. H. Native of
North America, from Carolina to
New York, in humid places ; and
of North California. A'mmi ma-
jus, Walt. fl. carol. 6. p. 113. but
not of Lin. A'mmi capillaceum,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
41 1. exclusive of the synonyme
of Nutt, and Pers. ex Torrey, fl.
un. st. 1. p. 306. jEthusa capil-
lacea, Nutt, in herb. Mercier.
Flowers white, (f. 61.)
Var. fl ? costdta (D. C. 1. c. t.
8. fl,) plant large, erect ; stem
simple below ; segments of the leaves somewhat verticillate ; in-
volucrum of 10 or 12 leaves ; fruit deeply furrowed. ©. W. H.
Native of Georgia, in marshes on the banks of the river
Ogeechee. A'mmi costatum, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 350. Said to
be nearly allied to the species, but differs according to Elliot, in
the plant being of taller stature, 4-5 feet high, not 1 or 2 feet
high, as in the species, and in the time of flowering, which is in
autumn, and not in the spring, and in the leaves of the involucel
being equal in length to the umbellules.
Capillarydeaved Discopleura. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 D. Nutta'llii (D. C. 1. c. t. 9.) plant erect ; umbels 20-
rayed ; leaves of involucrum 5-6, and for the most part undi-
vided ; involucels of 5 leaves, about equal in length to the um-
bellules. ©. H. Native of North America, at the Red river.
Cicuta capillacea, Nutt, in litt. 1825. Fibres of roots in fas-
cicles. Stem simple at the base, 1-2 feet high. Involucrum
deflexed.
Nuttall's Discopleura. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown early in spring in
the open border.
XLIII. LEPTOCAU'LIS (from Xetttoc, leptos, slender, and
KavXog, kaulos, a stem ; slender stems). Nutt, in litt. 1825. D. C.
coll. mem. 5. p. 39. t. 10. prod. 4. p. 107.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals elliptic, entire. Styles permanent, short. Fruit com-
pressed from the sides, ovate ; mericarps with 5 hardly prominent
ribs : having one vitta in each furrow between the ribs. Seed
convex on the outside, and flattish on the inside ; carpophore
bifid at the apex. — Glabrous, slender, smooth, erect North Ame-
rican annual herbs. Stems terete. Leaves multifid ; leaflets
linear. Umbels pedunculate, opposite the leaves, and terminal,
with few rays, destitute of involucra : rays of umbellules
few and unequal ; involucels short, few-leaved. Flowers small,
white.
§ 1. Fruit neither scabrous nor echinated.
1 L. ine'rmis (Nutt, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 107.) fruit
o o 2
FIG. 61.
284
UMBELLIFER/E. XLIII. Leptocaulis. XLIV. Pxychotis.
unarmed, rather wrinkled. ©.
H. Native of North America, at
the Red river. D. C. mem. 5. t.
10. f. (3. Herb a hand high,
smooth, slender. Lobes of leaves
or leaflets capillaceous. Umbels
4-5-rayed. Involucel of 3-4
leaves, (f. 62.)
Unarmed- fruited Leptocaulis.
PI. \ foot.
§ 2. Fruit muricated or echi-
nated.
2 L. diffu'sus (Nutt, in litt.
ex D. C. 1. c.) fruit muricated
from rather adpressed bristles ;
branches and rays of umbel diva-
ricate ; umbels and umbellules 3-rayed ; pedicels of umbellule
about equal in length to the rays of the umbel. ©. H. Native of
North America, at the Red river. Stem erect, slender, branched
at the apex. Lobes of leaves or leaflets capillary. Involucels of
1-2 leaves. Pedicels half an inch long. Flowers white.
Diffuse Leptocaulis. PI. g foot.
3 L. divarica'tus (D. C. mem. 5. t. 10. f. A.) fruit muricated
from rather adpressed bristles ; branches and rays of umbel di-
varicate ; umbellules 2-3-rayed ; pedicels of umbellules one-half
shorter than the rays of the umbel ; central flower nearly ses-
sile. ©. H. Native of Lower Carolina, in dry pastures. Daucus
divaricatus, Walt. car. p. 114. Sison pusillum, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 168. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 356. A'mmi divaricatum and
Ligusticum pusillum, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 168. Pers.
ench. 1. p. 308. and 315. Sison divaricatus, Spreng. umb. spec,
p. 113. jEthusa divaricata, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 190. Flowers
white.
Divaricate Leptocaulis. PI. 1 foot.
4 L. pa'tens (Nutt, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 107.) fruit
muricated from tubercles ; branches divaricate ; rays of umbels
and umbellules 4-5, rather contracted. ©. H. Native of
North America, at the red river. This is the largest species of
the genus, being a foot high or more. Lobes of leaves or leaflets
capillaceous. Flowers white.
Spreading Leptocaulis. PI. 1 foot.
5 L. echina'tus (Nutt, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 107.) fruit
echinated by spreading bristles ; branches at length divaricate ;
umbels and umbellules 5-rayed, rather diverging. ©. H. Native
of North America, at the red river.
Echinated Leptocaulis. PI. foot.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in spring.
XLIV. PTYCHO'TIS (from 7 TTvyp, ptyche, a plait, and ovc,
o)toq, ous, otos, an ear ; the petals have a plait in the middle, emit-
ting a little ear or segment). Koch, umb. 124. D. C. coll. mem.
5. p. 39. prod. 4. p. 107.- — Bitnium, Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 104. —
Seseli species of authors. — Ammoides, Adans. fam. 2. p. 96.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, bifidly emarginate, having a transverse plait in
the middle, which emits a little segment. Fruit compressed from
the sides, ovate or oblong ; mericarps with 5 filiform equal ribs ;
lateral ribs marginating, having the furrows between the ribs
furnished with one vitta each ; carpophore bipartite. Seed terete
or gibbously convex, flat in front. — Annual or biennial herbs.
Cauline leaves multifidly capillaceous. Umbels compound, having
the universal involucra variable, and the partial ones of many
leaves. Flowers white. This is a very distinct genus from the
form of the petals, having the segment not at the apex, but rising
from the transverse plait.
Sect. I. Euptychotis (altered from the generic name). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 108. Universal involucrum wanting. Ribs of fruit
smooth, not muricated.
1 P. heterophy'lla (Koch, 1. c.) stem erect, much branched,
divaricate ; radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets roundish, deeply ser-
rated ; cauline leaves multifid, with linear-filiform segments ;
fruit oblong ; leaves of involucel all setaceous. $ . H. Native
of the south of France, Piedmont, Switzerland, &c. in gravelly
and stony fields. .Ethusa Bunius, Murr. syst. p. 236. D. C. fl.
fr. 4. p. 293. Carum Bunius, Lin. syst. nat. 12. p. 733. Jacq.
vind. 2. t. 198. iEtliusa montana, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 649. Se-
seli saxifragum, Lin. spec. p. 374. D. C. fl. fr. p. 503. Pimpi-
nella Genevensis, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 604. (exclusive of Barrel,
syn.) Seseli Bunius, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 588. Meum hetero-
phyllum, Moench, meth. p. 86. Slum saxifragum, Roth, fl.
germ. 2. p. 338. Sison divaricatus, Spreng. in Schultes, syst.
6. p. 411. — Dalech. lugd. p. 774. f. 2.
Variable -leaved Ptychotis. Fl. July. Clt. 1778. PI. 1^ foot.
2 P. verticilla'ta (Duby, bot. gall. p. 235.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves all cut into somewhat verticillate capillaceous
multifid segments ; fruit ovate; some of the leaves of the involucel
are setaceous, and others spatulate and awned. ©-H. Native
of Mauritania, Portugal, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Etruria, Dal-
matia, in fields. A'mmi Matthioli, Dalech. lugd. p. 695. f. 2.
Sison A'mmi, Ucr. hort. pan. p. 132. but not of Lin. ex Guss.
Seseli ammoides, Gouan. ill. p. 16. but not of Jacq. but perhaps
also of Lin. and Spreng. Seseli Turbitb, Ten. ex Steudel.
Seseli verticillatum, Desf. atl. 1. p. 260. D.C. fl. fr. suppl. 5.
p. 504. and probably of Spreng. and Link. Ptychotis ammoides,
Koch, umb. p. 124. Seseli Corsicum, Link, enum. hort. berol.
1. p. 283. Seseli pusillum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 457.
Whorled- leaved Ptychotis. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft.
Sect. II. Trachyspe'rmum (from rpaxvg, trachys, rough, and
antppa, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the muricated fruit).
Link, enum. 1. p. 267. Universal involucra composed of a
few linear entire or trifid leaves. Fruit muricated.
3 P. Coptica (D. C. mem. soc. gen. vol. 4.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves nearly all cut into linear multifid lobes : upper
leaves simply pinnate-lobed ; umbels 8-12-rayed ; leaves of invo-
lucra linear, rarely trifid ; leaves of involucels linear ; fruit ovate,
muricated. ©. H. Native of Egypt and Candia. A'mmi Copti-
cum, Lin. mant. p. 56. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. p. 196. Daucus Cop-
ticus, Pers. ench. 1. p. 307. Bunium Copticum, Spreng. prod,
umb. p. 28. Trachyspermum Copticum, Link, enum. 1. p.267.
A'mmi, Riv. pent. irr. t. 95. Bunium aromaticum, Lin. mant.
218. A'mmios Coptica, Moench. meth. p. 99. — J. Bauh. hist. 3.
p. 2. p. 25. with a figure. Lob. icon. 725. f. 2. The petals
exhibit a little segment, but it is adnate to the middle nerve.
The plant is falsely called Cdnium Africanum in the gardens.
Far. (3, fceniculfdlia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 108.) umbels of 6-7
rays. ©. H. Native of Greece, in corn-fields. Seseli am-
moides, Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 52. Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p.
199. but not of Gouan, but probably of Lin. and Spreng. Se-
seli foeniculifolium, Poir. diet. 7. p. 137. Sison A'mmi, Lam.
herb. Habit of Helosciddium capilldceum or H. leptophyllum,
but with the petals of the rest of the genus Ptychotis.
Coptic Ptychotis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1773. PI. 2 feet.
4 P. anethifoeia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 108.) stem erect, branch-
ed ; leaves all multifid, with linear hair-like segments ; umbels
of 20 rays; rays rather pubescent; leaves of involucra linear,
undivided. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. Athamantha ? anethi-
folia, Wall. mss. Pimpinella anethifolia, D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p. 184. Perhaps only an uncultivated variety of P. Ajowan, ex
Wall, but the leaves are much more jagged and larger, and the
rays of the umbel more numerous.
FIG. 62.
UMBELLIFERiE. XLIV. Ptychotis. XLV. Falcaria.
285
Fennel-leaved, Ptychotis. PI. 1 foot.
5 P. Ajo'wan (D. C- mem. soc. gen. vol. 4.) stem erect,
dichotomous ; leaves few, cut into multifid linear segments : upper
leaves pinnatifid ; umbels of 7-9 rays ; leaves of the involucra
linear, undivided. ©. H. Native of the East Indies, where it
is called Juvanee, Ajouan, Ajorvan or Ajawain. Ligusticum
Ajouan, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 21. Athamantha Ajowan, Wall,
mss. Ligusticum Ajawain, Schultes, svst. 6. p. 556. Fleming,
ind. med. in asiarch. 1. p. 170. journ. bot. 4. p. 200. Ajava-seed,
Perciv. ess. 1. p. 453. Very like P. Coptica, but differs in the
stem being less leafy, in the umbels being of fewer rays, in the
rays being puberulous, and in the fruit being more ribbed, but
puberulously tubercular in the same way. The fruit of this
plant is prescribed in India in diseases of horses and cows.
Ajowan Ptychotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
6 P. Roxburghia'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 109.) stem erect,
dichotomous ; leaves ternate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid : lobes
oblong-linear ; umbels of 6-8 rays ; leaves of involucrum few.
linear, undivided. ©. H. Native of and cultivated in various
parts of India, but particularly in Bengal, in the island of Sin-
gapore, and the mountains of Prome, &c. ex Wall. A'pium invo-
lucratum, Roxb. ex journ. bot. 1824. vol. 2. p. 188. Athamantha
Roxburghiana, Wall. mss. and herb.
Roxburgh's Ptychotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
7 P. ACHiLLEjEFOLiA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 109.) stem erect, a
little branched; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid; lobes
linear-subulate, trifid, stiffish ; umbels of 6-8 rays ; leaves of
involucra few, linear-lanceolate ; fruit glabrous, rather vnuri-
cated on the back along the ribs. ©. H. Native of Nipaul
and Kamaon. Athamantha achilleif olia. Wall. mss. A very
distinct species, but the fruit on the specimen examined not
being mature, the genus to which it belongs is still rather
doubtful.
Milfoil-leaved Ptychotis. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. III. Heteroptycha (from krepog, heteros, variable,
and ptyche, a plait ; in allusion to the middle nerve of
the petals being lamellate above, and varying in this respect from
the rest of the sections). D. C. prod. 4. p. 109. Universal
involucra none. Teeth of calyx nearly obsolete. Petals
rather emarginate, having the middle nerve lamellate above.
Fruit echinated by bristles. Styles long, diverging a little. —
Perhaps a proper genus. Mature fruit unknown, and therefore
also the vittae.
8 P. pube'rula (D. C. prod. 4. p. 109.) stem erect; leaves
and rays of umbel beset with short hairs in every part. ©. H.
Native of the Levant, about Bagdad. Rays of umbel 6-9 lines
long ; and those of the umbellules 2 lines long.
Puberulous Ptychotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 P. barba'ta (D. C. 1. c.) stems erect, and are as well as the
lobes of the leaves glabrous ; but with the sheath of the pe-
tiole and limb of the leaf at the origin of the leaflets bearded
with soft hairs. ©. H. Native of the Levant, between Bag-
dad and Kermancha. Rays of umbel 5-6 lines long, and those
of the umbellules hardly 2 lines long. Perhaps only a variety
of the preceding species.
Bearded. Ptychotis. PI. 1 foot.
10 P. Vargasia'na (D. C. 1. c.) stem much branched, erect,
glabrous as well as the leaves : leaves pinnate : leaflets cuneated,
cut at the apex ; involucrum almost wanting ; fruit clothed with
short pubescence. ©. H. Native of South America, about
Caraccas, where it was collected by Vargas. Perhaps this plant
belongs to a different section of the genus.
Vargas’s Ptychotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species being natives of rather warm latitudes,
their seeds will require to be sown in warm sheltered situations,
or they may be reared in a hot-bed in spring, and the plants
afterwards planted out in the open border in May.
XLV. FALCA'RIA (from falx, a sickle). Riv. pentap.
(1699) no. 48. with a figure. Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 381. but
not of Cav. D. C. prod. 4. p. 109. — Drepanophyllum, Koch,
umb. p. 123. but not of Hook. — Drepanophyllum species,
Hoffm. umb. 110. — Critamus, Bess. Vohl. p. 93. Koch, emend,
umb. 1. c. but not of Hoffm. — Slum species of Lin. — Prionitis,
Delarb. fl. auv. — Critamus species, Koch, deutschl. fl. 2. p. 441.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ;
the tube in the sterile flowers wanting, but those in the fertile
flowers are cylindrical. Petals obovate, curved, emarginate,
with a broad recess, having the terminating segment reflexed.
Styles divaricate. Fruit oblong, compressed from the sides ;
mericarps furnished with 5, filiform, equal ribs : lateral ribs
marginating ; carpophore free, bifid ; furrows between the ribs
furnished with 1 filiform vitta each. Seed teretely convex, flat-
tish in front. — Glabrous, perennial herbs. Leaves pinnate ;
leaflets broad-linear, decurrent, cartilaginously serrated. Um-
bels opposite the leaves and terminal, compound, of many rays ;
involucra of many leaves ; involucels somewhat dimidiate, in
consequence of the inner leaves being small. Flowers white,
having hermaphrodite, fertile ones, and male sterile ones in the
same umbellule. This genus differs from Slum in the petals
being curved, in the furrows of the fruit being furnished with 1
vitta each, and in the carpophore being free and bifid.
1 F. Rivi'ni (Host, 1. c.) leaves pinnate, glaucescent; leaflets
decurrent, linear-lanceolate, sharply serrated ; serratures conti-
guous. 7/ . H. Native of south and middle Europe, Caucasus,
and Altaia, in plains at the river Irtysch ; and of the Levant, in
the more elevated fields and pastures. Slum Falcaria, Lin. spec,
p. 362. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 257. Bhnium Falcaria, Bieb. fl. taur.
1. p. 211. Drepanophyllum agreste, Hoffm. et Koch, 1. c.
Seseli falcaria, Crantz, austr. p. 208. Critamus agrestis, Bess,
enum. volh. p. 93. Slum falcatum, Dub. orl. p. 442. — Lob.
icon. 2. t. 24. f. 1. Crithmum umbellfferum, Bauh. hist. 3. p.
195. Roots creeping under ground.
Rivin's Falcaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1726. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 F. Dahu'rica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 110.) leaflets somewhat
serrated: serratures acute, distant. 7/ . H. Native of Dahuria.
Slum, Gmel. sib. 1. p. 200. no. 14. t. 47. Slum cicutifolium,
Gmel. syst. 2. p. 1. t. 482. Slum latifolium /3, Bieb. fl. taur.
1. p. 243. Cichta Dahurica, Fisch. cat. hort. gor. p. 45. Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 453. Critkmus Dahuricus, Hoffm.
umb. p. 184. Furrows of the fruit, according to Hoffmann,
furnished each with 1-3 vittae, and the commissure with 4-5
vittae. Flowers all fertile, according to the plants examined.
Dahurian Falcaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
j' Species hardly known.
3 F. Java'nica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 110.) leaves pinnate or bi-
pinnate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, deeply serrated ; umbels oppo-
site the leaves ; involucrum wanting ; but the involucels are of
many setaceous leaves. If.. B. F. Native of Java, in marshes,
where it is called Tespong by the natives. Slum Javanicum,
Blum, bijdr. p. 881. The furrows of the fruit are furnished
with 1 vitta each, and the commissure with 2, as in the following
species.
Java Falcaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 F. lacinia'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 1 10.) leaves bipinnate ;
leaflets pinnatifid; umbels opposite the leaves; involucrum
wanting; involucels of many setaceous leaves. 7/.B. F. Native
of Java, in the province of Batavia, in marshes. Slum laci-
niatum, Blum. 1. c. Perhaps a species of Oendnthe.
Jagged-\ea\ed Falcaria. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
5 F. ? diversifolia (D. C. 1. c.) superior leaves ternate ;
286
UMBELLIFERjE. XLV. Falcaria. XLVI. Sison. XLVII. Schultzia. XLVIII. Ammi.
leaflets petiolate, quite entire, some linear and others filiform.
1£. H. Native of Nipaul. Sison? diversifolius, Wall. mss.
Stem much branched. Herb glabrous. Lower leaves unknown.
Fruit ovate. Flowers all hermaphrodite. Mature fruit not
seen, and therefore the vittae are not well known. Both the
involucra and involucels are composed of a few linear, short,
acute, undivided leaves.
Diverse-leaved Falcaria. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. The two first species will grow in any soil, and under
any circumstance. Those natives of Java will require to be
grown in a stove.
XLVI. SI' SON (from sisum, Celt, a running stream; some
plants formerly contained in this genus were inhabitants of run-
ning streams). Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 103. Koch, umb. p. 123.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 1 10. — Sison species, Lin. and all other authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals roundish, curved, deeply emarginate, with an inflexed
point. Styles very short. Fruit compressed from the sides, ovate ;
mericarps with 5 filiform equal ribs ; lateral ribs marginating :
having one short, club-shaped vitta in each furrow between the
ribs; carpophore bipartite. Seed gibbously convex, flattish in
front. — Herbs paniculately branched. Leaves pinnate ; lower
leaflets a little lobed, toothed, or cut : upper ones linear, multifid.
Both the involucra and involucels are composed of few leaves.
Umbels of 4 unequal, elongated rays ; and the umbellules of 4-5-
short rays.
1 S. Amomum (Lin. spec. p. 362.) stem erect, terete, panicu-
lately branched ; leaves pinnate ; lower leaflets rather lobed and
toothed : upper ones linear-multifid ; upper leaves ternate. $ .
H. Native of Britain, France, Italy, Sicily, Greece, &c. in
fields, on a dry calcareous soil ; in Britain not unfrequent in
rather moist spots under hedges, where the soil is marly or
chalky. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 17. Hayn. term. bot. t. 36.
f. 10. Schkuhr, handb. t. 65. Smith, engl. bot. t. 954. Slum
aromaticum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 405. Seseli Amomum, Scop. cam.
ed. 2. no. 355. Cicuta Amomum, Crantz, aust. p. 96. Smyrnium
heterophyllum, Moench, meth. p. 97. Flowers cream-coloured.
Seeds aromatic and pungent when dry and ripe ; but in an early
state they, like the whole herb, have a peculiar nauseous smell.
Amomum or Ginger-seeded Stone-parsley. FI. July, Aug.
Britain. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
■f Doubtful species.
2 S. ? Sieberia'num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 111.) plant glabrous,
dwarf ; leaves almost radical, ternate, or tripartite ; segments
approximate, cuneated at the base, very blunt at the apex, cre-
nately toothed, or somewhat cut ; involucrum wanting. ©. ? H.
Native of Candia, on the tops of the Sphaceotic mountains. Sison
alpinus, Sieb. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 414. Peucedanum Creti-
cum, Sieb. herb. cret. 1826. Spreng. neu. entd. 2. p. 148.
From the immature fruit this appears to be a species of Carum
or Biinium, the fruit being compressed from the margin, not
from the back. Stem a finger in height. Umbels 4-5-rayed.
Sieber’s Stone-parsley. PI. -A- foot.
3 S. trine'rve (Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 184.)
stem erect, terete, dichotomous, striated, nearly naked ; leaves
all radical, pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, quite entire, 3-
nerved, glabrous; involucrum 5-leaved; leaves of involucels
lanceolate, awned. H. Native of Nipaul, about Bassaria.
The fruit is undescribed, and the genus is therefore doubtful.
Three-nerved- leaved Stone-parsley. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The seeds of the species only require to be sown in
spring, in any common earth.
XLVII. SCHU LTZIA (in honour of John Henry Schultze,
a celebrated German botanist). Spreng. umb. spec. p. 102.
and in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 44. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 99. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 112. Sison species, Pall. — Schultzia, Spreng. umb.
prod. p. 30.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals elliptic, terminated by a short inflexed point. Sty-
lopodium conical. Styles erect, rather capitate at the apex,
permanent, at length diverging. Fruit cylindrically prismatic,
the transverse section nearly terete ; mericarps somewhat com-
pressed from the sides, and furnished with 5 filiform, exserted
ribs : the 2 lateral ribs nearly marginal : having the furrows
between the ribs flat, and furnished with 1 vitta each. Carpo-
phore undivided. Seed nearly terete. — Smooth perennial herbs.
Leaves either radical, or from the lower part of the stem, bipin-
nate ; leaflets many-parted, decussate at the racliis : segments
linear, acute. Umbels terminal, on long peduncles of many
rays. Both the involucra and involucels are composed of many
multifid leaves ; the lobes linear and acute. Flowers white, ail
fertile.
1 S. crini'ta (Spreng. 1. c.). $ . H. Native of the Altaia,
on the highest of the mountains, not far from the torrent of
Tegerek. Sison crinitum, Pall. act. petrop. 1779. 12. p. 250.
t. 7. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1438.
Long-haired Schultzia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground.
XLVIII. A MMI (from ayyoe, ammos, sand ; habitation of
plants). Tourn. inst. t. 159. Lin. gen. no. 334. Spreng.
umb. prod. p. 41. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 104. Koch, umb. p.
122. D. C. prod. 4. p. 112.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals obovate, emarginately 2-lobed, with an inflexed
point ; lobes of petals unequal, irregular, those of the outer part
of the umbel usually the largest. Fruit ovate-oblong, compres-
sed from the sides ; mericarps furnished with 5 equal, filiform
ribs : lateral ribs marginating : having the furrows between the
ribs furnished with one vitta each ; carpophore free, bipartite.
Seed teretely convex on the outside, and flattish in front. — Herbs
with the habit of Daucus, having fusiform roots and pinnate or
many-parted leaves. Umbels compound, of many rays. Both
the involucra and involucels are of many leaves ; the leaves of
the involucrum trifid or pinnatifid. Flowers white.
1 A. ma'jos (Lin. spec. p. 349.) stem glabrous ; leaves pinnate;
leaflets with cartilaginous, sharply serrulated margins ; those of
the inferior leaves obovate-oblong, and those of the upper ones
multifid, linear -lanceolate. ©. H. Native of south and middle
Europe, Egypt, and the Levant ; also of Newfoundland. Lam.
ill. 193. Smith, fl. graec. t. 273. Schkuhr, handb. t. 61.
A'pium A'mmi, Crantz, aust. 217. A'mmi Boeberi, Hoeq. diss.
abo. 1810. and A. cicutaefolium, Willd. herb, ex Schultes, syst.
6. p. 591. do not differ in any particular from A.majus. The
A. Boeberi, Holfm. umb. XVIII. Horn, suppl. p. 32. is merely
a larger variety of the present species. — Lob. icon. t. 721. f. 1.
Mill. fig. 25. — Plench. icon. 181. Blackw. t. 447. Flowers
white : outer ones of the umbels large, like those of the rest of
the species. Stem-leaves biternate.
Greater or Common Bishop’s-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1557. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
2 A. glaucifolium (Lin. spec. 349. exclusive of the syno-
nyme of J. Bauh.) stem glabrous ; leaves all bipinnate, jagged ;
segments narrow-linear, acute, and a little serrated. $ ■ H.
Native of France, at Lucon (Guett. etamp. 2. p. 433.), about
Paris (Thuill. par. 137.) Andegaveny (Bast. ess. 105.), Rouen,
Nannetes, and in Daupliiny (Vill. daupb. 2. p. 592.), Greece,
(Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 185.), Spain at Aranjuez, Sicily,
Liguria. This species differs from A. majus in the characters
mentioned above, and in the more branched habit and glaucous
UMBELLIFERiE. XLVIII. Ammi. XLIX. jEgopodium.
287
hue. There is a monstrous variety of this species, found about
Rouen, which has the 2 carpels changed into petals, besides
having also the usual number of petals.
Glaucous-leaved, Bishop’s-weed. FI. June, July. Clt. 1816.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 A. interme'dium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 113.) plant glabrous;
leaves all decompound, many-parted, greenish ; segments cut or
toothed : lower ones cuneated : upper ones linear-subulate, ser-
rated, and ending in long taper points. ©. H. Native of the
Pyrenees, and the kingdom of Naples. A. glaucifolium, Lapeyr.
fl. pyr. p. 144. An intermediate plant between A. glaucifolium
and A. Visnaga. It differs from the first in the leaves being
greenish, not glaucous, and in being tripinnate ; from the last
in the lobes or leaflets of the upper leaves being much acumin-
ated and serrated, and in the umbel spreading after flowering.
Intermediate Bishop’s-weed. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 A. Visna'ga (Lam. diet. 1. p. 132.) stem terete, striated,
glabrous ; leaves decompound ; lobes or leaflets linear, cuspi-
date, divaricate ; rays of umbel contracted after flowering, and
indurated. 0. H. Native of the south of Europe, infields; north
of Africa, Caucasus near Kuby, and in plains towards the Caspian
Sea, and the Levant ; also in Chili, at Mendoza and Hacienda
de Vasquez, between Casa Blanca and Valparaiso. D. C. fl. fr.
4. p. 327. Daucus Visnaga, Lin. spec. 348. Jacq. hort. vind.
3. t. 26. Visnaga daucoides, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 92. t. 21.
Visnaga, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 594. Daucus gingidium, Lin. herb,
ex Smith, Gohoria, Neck. elem. no. 287.- — Garid. aix. t. 36. —
Lob. icon. 726. f. 1. Umbels often not very much above the
leaves. Receptacle of the rays of the umbel not much dilated.
Rays crowded, very numerous, and at length they become so
hard as to be used as tooth-picks, hence the name of the plant
in France her be aux cure-dents. In Spain, when they have
served this purpose, they are chewed, and thus are supposed to
be of service in cleaning and fastening the gums ; however this
may be, the leaves have a pleasant aromatic taste in the mouth.
Flowers with white petals and purple anthers.
Tooth-pick Bishop’s-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
5 A. daucoides (Salzm. pi. exsic. ann. 1825. ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 113.) stem terete, striated, muricated, having a few scat-
tered bristles at the top of the petioles and branchlets ; leaves
bipinnate, rather ciliated ; leaflets linear, cut, acute ; leaves of
involucel either simple or trifid ; fruit covered all over with
small, obtuse tubercles. ©. H. Native about Tangiers. Habit
almost of Daucus. Umbels nearly as in A. Visnaga, having the
receptacle of the rays of the umbel thickened, and the rays very
numerous. Fruit ribbed, as in the rest of the genus, but differs
in being muricated.
Carrot-like Bishop’s-weed. PI. 2 feet.
6 A. crini'tum (Guss. pi. rar. p. 128. t. 25. prod. p. 332.)
stem terete, striated, glabrous, rather setose at the apex ; leaves
supra-decompound ; lobes or leaflets linear-setaceous, glabrous;
petioles bristly ; margins of the sheaths of the petioles scarious ;
fruit glabrous, somewhat tetragonal. Q. H. Native of Cala-
bria and Sicily, in fields. Leaves of involucrum multifid, reflexed.
Flowers yellow in the dry state, as in Daucus aureus.
Hairy Bishop’s-weed. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
7 A. anethifolium (Lam. diet. 1. p. 132.) stem furrowed,
glabrous ; leaves decompound ; lobes or leaflets multifid, capil-
lary; petioles channelled ; leaves of involucrum capillary, trifid.
$ . ? H. Native of the Levant, or Siberia. Daucus meoides,
Pers. ench. 1. p. 308. Umbels terminal, flat. Stem and rays
of umbel reddish. Fruit quite glabrous. Leaves of involucels
sometimes trifid.
Fennel-leaved Bishop’s-weed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI.
2 feet.
8 A. pu'milum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 113.) stem erect, angular,
leafy, glabrous ; leaves bipinnate ; segments or leaflets pinnati-
fid ; lobes linear ; umbels opposite the leaves, pedunculate ;
leaves of involucels numerous, with scarious margins, and are
rather scabrous, as well as the rays ; some of the leaves of the
involucra are trifid at the apex. 0. H. Native of Portugal,
in sandy places, at the river Tavora, and elsewhere in Beira.
Sison pumilus, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 425. Fruit, according to
Brotero, like that of parsley. Lower leaves like A. glaucifolium.
Petals obovate, unequally obcordate. Herb a foot high, not
dwarf. This is joined by Sprengel with Ptychotis verticillata, but
it is very distinct from that plant; but from the obsolete teeth of
the calyx, and from the leaves of the involucrum being sometimes
trifid, it comes nearest to the present genus, although it may
hereafter form a proper genus, from the fruit being much more
angular ?
Dwarf Bishop’s-weed. PI. 1 to 1^- foot.
9 A. Broussone'tii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 113.) stem erect,
terete, leafy, glabrous, branched ; lower leaves unknown ; upper
ones tripartite : lobes cuneate-oblong, entire or tridentate; leaves
of involucrum linear or rarely trifid ; young fruit rather scabrous
from adpressed short hairs. ©. H. Native of Africa, proba-
bly about Mogador. Habit nearly of A. majus and A. glauci-
f'olium, but the involucra are very different.
Broussonet’s Bishop’s-weed. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
10 A. cicuta'rium (Willd. rel. in Schultes syst. 6. p. 531.)
stem angularly-furrowed, quite glabrous, furnished with few
leaves ; leaves ternately tri-pinnatifid : ultimate segments lanceo-
late, very acute, trifid ; umbels with 6-8 rays ; leaves of involu-
cra bipinnate : having the lobes or leaflets linear, and deeply
toothed. ©. ? H. Native of South America, but in what place
is unknown. Plant small. Schlecht in litt. Petioles 3 to 4
inches long. Rays of umbel stiff, angular, shorter than the
involucrum. Leaves of involucel pinnatifid or trifid. Fruit
ovate, compressed from the sides, glabrous ; styles short, di-
verging. Ribs of mericarps rather prominent, having the fur-
rows between the ribs furnished with 1 vitta each, and the com-
missure with 2 vittae.
Cicuta-like Bishop’s-weed. PL 1 foot.
* Species not sufficiently known.
11 A.? Pyrena'icum (Lapeyr abr. p. 145.) stem glabrous,
flexuous ; leaves somewhat bipinnate ; lobes or leaflets entire or
cut, ultimate ones decurrent ; leaves of involucels setaceous or
trifid, twice the length of the umbellules. ©. H. Native of
the Pyrenees, in fields about Madres and St. Beat. The petals
are said by La Peyrouse to be rounded (arrondis) which indicates
that the plant does not belong to this genus.
Pyrenean Bishop’s-weed. PI. 1 foot.
12 A. rubricau'le (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 272.) stem un-
known ; leaves somewhat verticillately tripinnate : leaflets capil-
lary ; leaves of involucel compound, longer than the umbellule.
$ . H. Native of North America, near Baltimore. Perhaps
the same as A. anethifolium.
Red-stemmed Bishop’s-weed. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species of A'mmi are very showy while in flower ;
the seeds of them only require to be sown in the open ground
early in spring.
XLIX. iEGOPO'DIUM (from af, aix, a goat, and wotiiov,
a dim. of wove, pous, a foot ; probably from the shape of the
leaves.) Lin. gen. no. 368. Hoffm. umb. gen. p. 82. t. 1. f. 6.
Koch, umb. p. 122. D. C. prod. 4. p. 114. — Podagraria Riv.
peut. t. 47.
Lin. syst. Pentandria Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate emarginate, with an indexed point. Stylopodium
288
UMBELLIFER/E. L. Carum.
distinct, conical, terminated by the long deflexed styles. Fruit
compressed from the sides, ovate ; mericarps with 5 filiform
ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; furrows between the ribs
destitute of vittae. Carpophore setaceous, forked at the apex.
Seeds teretely convex on the outside, and flattish on the
inside. Branching herbs, with creeping roots. Leaves biter-
nate or triternate ; upper cauline ones ternate: leaflets ovate-
oblong, acuminated, serrated. Umbels composed of many rays.
Both the involucra and involucels are wanting. Flowers white :
anthers when young purple.
1 JE. podagra'ria (Lin. spec. p. 379.) stem furrowed ; leaves
biternate or triternate ; leaflets oblong-serrated, unequal at the
base, lower ones binate. 1/. H. Native throughout the whole
of Europe, even to Caucasus and Siberia, in hedges and orchards.
Very common in some parts of Britain. Oed. fl. dan. t. 670.
Smith engl. bot. t. 940. Schkuhr, handb. t. 79. Riv. t. 47.
Tragoselinum angelica Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 449. Pimpinella ange-
licaefolia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 451. Ligusticum podagraria, Crantz.
aust. p. 200. Seseli TEgopodium, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 359.
Podagraria Aigopodium Moench, Meth. p. 90. Sison Podagraria
Spreng. umb. prod. p. 35.- — Lob. icon. t. 700. f. 2. The plant
is called Herb Gerard, Gout-weed, Ash-weed, or Ach-weed, and
Wild Masterwort, and being a great creeper, it cannot be admit-
ted into gardens, for after it gets hold it is next to impossible to
eradicate it again. Though it has the quality of most umbelli-
ferous plants, of being aromatic, yet it is not used at all in
medicine ; nor has it any title to its name gout-weed, though the
Germans formerly used it to assuage the pain both of the gout
and piles. Linnaeus says it is eaten in Sweden, boiled for greens,
when tender in the spring. The roots are sometimes sold for
those of the true Masterwort, the Imperatdria Ostruthium.
Gout-weed. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 JE. alpe'stre (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 7. fl. alt. 1, p. 354.)
stem smooth ; lower leaves ternately pinnate ; leaflets ovate, cut,
lower and terminal ones somewhat tripartite ; upper leaves ter-
nate, having the leaflets pinnate at the base, but drawn out at
the apex, and nearly entire. %. H. Native of Altaia, in
shady places on the north sides of the mountains near Riddersk,
about the fountains of the rivers Uba and Tscharuych. Root
creeping. Flowers white.
Alp Gout-weed. Fl. Ju. July. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The plants will grow under any circumstance.
L. CA'RUM (so named from Caria, in Asia Minor; origi-
nally found there) Kock. umb. p. 121. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 41.
prod. 4. p. 414. Carum, Sison, and Bunium species of Lin.
and Floffm. — Carum and Slum species of Spreng.
Lin. syst. Pentundria Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals regular obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylo-
podium depressed ; styles deflexed. Fruit contracted from the
sides, ovate or oblong ; mericarps furnished with 5 filiform, equal
ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; having the furrows between the
ribs furnished with one vitta each, and the commissure, which is
flat, with two vittae. Carpophore free, forked at the apex.
Seed terete, convex on the back, and flattish in front. Herbs
glabrous, usually perennial. Roots tuberous, edible. Leaves
pinnate; segments or leaflets multifid. Both the involucra and
involucels are variable. Flowers white.
Sect. I. Ca'rvi (an alteration of the generic name). D. C.
prod, 4. p. 115. — Ckrum, Lin. — Careum, Adans. fam. 2. p. 98.
Involucrum wanting ; involucels wanting, or of very few leaves.
1 C. Ca'rvi (Lin. spec. 378.) root fusiform ; leaves bipin-
nate ; leaflets decussate, multifid; stems furrowed; in-
volucra and involucels wanting. 1/. H. Native through-
out the whole of Europe, in meadows and pastures ; and
of Altaia, in dry grassy places at the river Tscharaiych. Fre-
quent in Britain, but is only a naturalised plant. Fl. dan. 1091.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 1503. Nees, off. pfl. 14. t. 17. Mart,
rust. t. 55. Hayn. arzn. gew. 7. t. 19. Woodv. med. bot.
Jacq. aust. t. 393. A' pium Carvi Crantz, aust. p. 218. Seseli
Carvi, Scop. earn. no. 361. Bilnium Carvi, Bieb. fl. taur. 1.
p. 211. suppl. p. 206. Lagae'cia cuminoides, Willem, phyt. 1.
p. 254. but not of Lin. Carvi, Riv. pent. irr. with a figure.
Flowers white. Leaflets of leaves in sixes, appearing rather
verticillate. The caraway is called Carvi in France, Italy, and
Scotland, and Kummel in Germany. The plant is cultivated
chiefly for the seed, which is used in confectionary and in medi-
cine. In spring the under leaves are sometimes put in soups ;
and in former times the fusiform roots were eaten as parsnips,
to which Parkinson gives them the preference.
Garden culture. — The plant is raised from seed, of wrhich a
quarter of an ounce is sufficient for a seed-bed 4 feet by 6. Sow
annually, in autumn, soon after the seed is ripe : the seedlings
will rise quickly, and should be thinned to a foot distance each
way. In default of sowing in autumn, sow in March or April,
either in drills or broad-cast ; but the plants so raised will not,
in general, flower till the following year. When the seed is ripe,
the plant is generally pulled up in gathering, especially in field
culture.
Field culture. — The culture and management of the caraway
is the same as that of Coriander. In all probability both plants
would answer if sown like clover among a crop of corn, hoed
and thinned when the crop was removed, and again in the fol-
lowing spring. The method of culture in Essex is, about the
beginning of March to plough some old pasture land ; if it has
been pasture for a century the better ; and the soil should be very
strong clayey loam. Twelve pounds of caraway-seed are mixed
with ten pounds of coriander, and twelve pounds of teazle-seed ;
this is sufficient for an acre, and is sown directly after the plough,
harrowing the land well. When the plants appear of sufficient
strength to bear the hoe, which will not be until about ten weeks
after sowing, it must not be omitted ; and in the course of the
summer the crop will require three hoeings, besides one at
Michaelmas. The coriander, being annual, will be fit to cut
about the beginning of July. It is left in the field after cutting,
and threshed on a cloth in the same manner as rape-seed. About
April following the caraway and teazle will want a good hoeing,
done deep and well, and another about the beginning of June.
The caraway will be fit to cut the beginning of July, and must
be threshed in the same manner as the coriander. This com-
pound crop is mostly sown on lands so strong as to require being
a little exhausted to make it fit for corn. Caraway and coriander
are oftenest sown without teazle ; the latter being a troublesome
and uncertain crop, and the produce of caraway much greater
without it. The produce of caraway, on very rich old leys, in
the hundreds or low lands of Essex, has often been twenty cwt.
to the acre. There is always a demand for the seed in the
London market. The uses of caraway-seed are the same as
those of coriander, and its oil and other preparations are more
used in medicine. Dr. Anderson says, both the roots and tops
may be given to cattle in spring. The seeds have an aromatic
smell, and warm pungent taste, and yield much essential oil.
They are employed as stomachic and carminative, in flatulent
colics. The oil is used in the same way as other volatile oils.
Vur. fl, pterochlce nnm (D. C. prod. 4. p. 115.) leaves of
involucrum few and multifid. ©. H. Native of Montbelliard,
in humid meadows not unfrequent.
Var. y, nanum (D. C. 1. c.) stems short. 1£. H. Native of
the Apennines. Pimpinella vaginata, Jan. herb.
Var. S, elongatum, segments of the leaves linear, elongated.
%• H. Native of Canada. C. Carvi, var. fl, Hook, fl. bor.
UMBELLIFER/E. L. Carum. LI. ChamjEsciadium. LII. Bunium.
289
amer. 1. p. 661. Differing from the European plant in the
leaves being remarkably long and slender.
Par. £, rdseum, flowers rose-coloured. %. H. Native of
Altaia, near Krasnajaparki, at the river Irtysh.
Common Carvi, or Caraway. FI. May, Ju. Britain. PI. 1 \
foot.
2 C. rigidulum (Koch, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 115.) root
fusiform ; stem nearly naked, sparingly branched, quite gla-
brous ; lower leaves pinnate : leaflets many-parted, even from the
base : lobes linear-subulate, acute, undivided or parted ; upper
sheaths adpressed, almost leafless ; involucrum almost wanting ;
leaves of involucels linear-subulate, about equal in length to the
umbellules ; fruit glabrous. 1£. H. Native of Liguria, about
Sarzana, &c. Selinum rigidulum, Viv. fl. ital. fragm. 1. p. 14.
t. 15. ann. bot. 1. p. 2. p. 164. Spreng umb. spec. 76. Bertol.
amcen. ital. p. 348. S. Appianum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 309. S. Appi-
anum, Viv. cat. Seseli pimpinelloides Lin. spec. p. 372. Willd.
nov. act. nat. cur. 4. p. 109. spec. 1459 ; but the plant under this
name from Sprengel is S. Peucedanum Chabrae'i, var./3, Podolicum.
Stiff Caraway. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. II. Bulboca'stanum (from bulbus, a bulb, and castanea,
a chestnut ; the root is bulbous, and tastes like a chestnut.) Adans.
fam. 2. p. 97. but not of Lag. Both the involucra and involucels
are many-leaved.
* Root bulbous.
3 C. eulboca'stanum (Koch, umb. p. 121.) root globose;
stems terete, branched ; leaves decompound ; leaflets linear,
cuspidate, a little channelled, quite entire, and rather bifid :
leaves of involucra and involucels numerous, subulate. If . H.
Native of Europe in heaths, pastures, among bushes, and in
woods. Bunium, bulbocastanum, Lin. spec. p. 349. Fl. dan.
t. 220. Lam. ill. t. 197. Bunium minus Gouan. ill. p. 10.
Bunium flexubsum, Smith. Slum Bulbocastanum, Spreng in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 538. Scandix Bulbocastanum, Moench,
meth. p. 101. — Lob. icon. t. 745. f. 1. Tuber or root spherical,
black on the outside and white inside, of an agreeable sweet
taste. Root leaves tripinnate, cauline ones bipinnate.
Bulbocastanum, or Earth-nut. Fl. May, Ju. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
* * Root fasciculate.
4 C. verticilla'tum (Koch, umb. p. 122.) root fasciculate,
with spindle-shaped branches ; stem terete, hardly branched ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets many-parted ; segments crowded in a
whorled manner, linear- filiform ; leaves of both involucra and
involucels numerous, short, and deflexed. If . H. Native of
the western parts of Europe, from Corsica to Britain ; plentiful
in the western parts of Scotland and Wales ; in Ireland, near
Lane bridge, Killarney, and between Bantry Bay and the river
Kenmare. Sison verticillatum, Lin. spec. 363. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 395. Lightf. scot. 1096. t. 35. Sium verticillatum,
Lam. diet. 1. p. 407. Carvi foliis tenuissimis asphodeli radice,
Tourn. inst. 306. Carvi Lusitanicum, &c. Juss. herb. Sprengel
refers to this the iEthusa fatua, Ait. hort. kew, 1. p. 355. or
Meum f&tuum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 319. but it appears to have
nothing to do with the present plant. Flowers white.
Whorled- leaved Caraway. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The more sandy the soil is the better the species will
grow. They are increased either by dividing at the root, or by
seed.
LI. CHAMiESCIA'DIUM (from chamai, on the
ground, and oiaaSiov, skiadion, an umbel ; in allusion to the
plant being dwarf as well as umbelliferous). Meyer, verz.
pflanz. p. 122. — Bunium species of Bieb.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx a little
VOL. in.
toothed. Petals ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, oblique or in-
flexed at the apex. Stylopodium depressed, margined. Styles
reflexed. Fruit ovate-oblong, compressed from the sides ; meri-
carps solid, having 5 equal filiform ribs : the lateral ribs margin-
ating ; with the furrows between the ribs furnished with 3-4
vittae each. Seed somewhat semi-terete, flattish in front; car-
pophore adnate, bifid at the apex. — An herb with a fusiform root,
supra-decompound or bipinnate leaves : having the segments or
leaflets divided into many setaceous lobes. Scapes radical. In-
volucra and involucels of many leaves. Petals yellow. Com-
missure of fruit furnished with 4-6 vittae. The fruit is nearly
like that of Slum, and the petals that of Helosciadium.
1 C. flave'scens (Meyer, 1. c.). % . H. Native throughout
the whole of Caucasus, in grassy places, at the elevation of from
2400 to 8000 feet ; and of Cappadocia. Bunium acaule, Hoffm.
umb. 1. p. 87. and 108. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 205. A'mmi
acaule, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 530. Carvi Cappadocicum acaulon
foliis Chamaemeli, Tourn. cor. p. 21.
Fe/forow/i-flowered Chamaesciadium. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1820. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Bunium for culture and propagation.
LII. BU'NIUM (from /3 owoq, bounos, a hill ; habitation of
some of the species) Koch, in litt. 1828. Link. enum. 1. p. 267 ?
D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 41. prod. 4. p. 115. — Bulbocastanum,
Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 99. but not of Adans. — Myrrhis and Wall-
rothia species Spreng. — Biinium species of Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit con-
tracted from the sides, linear-oblong ; mericarps furnished with
5 equal filiform, obtuse ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; having the
furrows between the ribs furnished with 2-3 vittae each, and the
commissure with 4 vittae ; the vittae all superficial. Carpophore
free, bifid. Seed teretely convex on the outside, and flattish
in front. Herbs perennial. Roots usually tuberous and globose.
Stems terete and attenuated at the base in the tuberous rooted
species. Leaves decompound ; segments or leaflets divided into
many slender linear lobes ; involucra various : involucels few-
leaved. Flowers white, rarely yellow or green.
Sect. I. Ciiry'seum (from xpvtTOQ, chrysos, gold ; in allusion
to the yellow flowers of the species.) D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 41.
prod. 4. p. 116. Both the involucra and involucels are many-
leaved. Flowers yellow or greenish. Styles diverging. The
vittae in the furrows of the fruit in the different species are
variable in number. This section is intermediate between Carum
and Bunium, but differs from both these genera in the flowers
being yellow.
1 B. peucedanoides (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 211. suppl. 208.)
root fusiform ; stem striately furrowed, branched; leaves bipin-
nate : leaflets of the radical leaves decussated, with broader
lobes ; segments of the cauline leaves linear and divaricate ;
leaves of involucra and involucels short and setaceous ; rays of
umbel very unequal. 1£. H. Native of Caucasus, about Nar-
tzana, and on Mount Bechtau, among grass. Sium peucedanoi-
des, Spreng. umb. spec. 41. no. 5. syst. 1. p. 906. Peucedanum
carvifolium, Bieb. Petals pale yellow. The furrows of the
fruit are only furnished with one vitta each, according to Besser ;
but in fruit of the plant sent from Fischer, the furrows are
furnished with 2-3 vittae each, rarely solitary.
Sulphur-wort-like Earth-nut. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 B. vire'scens (D. C. mem. soc. gen. vol. 4. prod. 4. p. 116.)
root fusiform ; stem striately furrowed, branched ; leaves bi-
pinnate; leaflets of all the leaves linear; leaves of involucra
and involucels short and setaceous ; rays of umbel very unequal.
H. Native of Burgundy, on a mountain called Afrique, near
PP
290
UMBELLIFERiE. LII. Bunium.
Divion. Siutn virescens, Spreng. umb. spec. 94. syst. 1. p. 906.
and in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 542. Peucedanum Tauricum, hort.
par. 1821. Lor et Dur. cat. pi. cote-d’or, p. 37. Peucedanum
alpestre, Stev. in litt. 1819. Bilnium peucedanoides, Bieb. ex
Stev. Sium Cordienii and Sium virescens, Lois. fl. gall. ed. 2. p.
194. Petals greenish, nearly entire, at the apex involute ; section
of fruit nearly terete. Vittae in the outer furrows of the fruit 3 ;
2 of these are incomplete ; and 2 or 4 in the commissure.
Greenish- flowered Earth-nut. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 B. lu'teum (Hoffm. umb. p. 108.) root nearly globose ;
stem terete, branched ; leaves pinnate; leaflets decussate, pin-
natifid : lobes linear, very fine ; leaves of involucra and invo-
lucels very short, with membranous margins ; fruit linear-cylin-
drical. 5/ . H. Native of Siberia, in deserts, at the river Don,
near the colony of Sarepta. Bilnium luteum, Bieb. suppl. p. 207.
Sium luteum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 906. There are 3 vittae in each
furrow of the fruit, according to Koch. Petals yellow.
Yellow-ft owered Earth-nut. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. II. Caroi'des (from Carum, the caraway, and idea,
form ; plants with the habit of Carum,) D. C. coll. mem. 5. p.
41. prod. 4. p. 116. Involucra usually of many leaves, rarely
absent. Flowers white. Stylopodium depressed : styles diverg-
ing. This section is intermediate between the genera Carum and
Conopodium.
4. B. carvifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 116.) root fusiform,
terete, elongated ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets divided into many
linear acute lobes ; stem flexuous, erect, furnished with a few
leaves ; leaves of involucrum and involucels linear acute. 1/ .
H. Native of Abruzzo, and on Mount Fiori among the Appen-
ines ; but not of Sicily, ex Guss. prod. 1. p. 339. Sison flex-
uosum, Ten. prod. fl. neap. p. 67. Sison carvifolium, Bert, in
herb. Moric. Sison prolifer, Brochi and Jan. Petals of a
greenish white colour when dried. The furrows of the fruit,
when immature, are furnished each with 2 or 3 vittae.
Caraway-leaved Earth-nut. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 B. glauce'scens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 117.) bulb ovate-ob-
long ; stem erect, straight, terete ; branches alternate ; leaves
glaucous : radical ones bi-tripinnate, with multifid leaflets, and
linear short lobes ; cauline leaves distant, small, multifid ; leaves
of involucra as well as of involucels, 6-7 in number, linear-ob-
long, acute, white. 1/ . H. Native of Persia, in grassy valleys
among the mountains about Seidkhodzi. Stem 1-|- foot high.
Umbels 10-11-rayed. Flowers white.
Glaucescent Earth-nut. PI. 1-| foot.
6 B. paucifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 117.) bulb globose;
stem erect, straight, terete ; branches alternate ; superior leaves
tripartite, having the lobes linear and entire ; upper leaves un-
divided, linear ; involucrum of 3-4-leaves, and the involucel of
5-6 linear white leaves. %. H. Native of Persia, in grassy
valleys of the mountains about Seidkhodzi. Herb 2 feet high.
Lower leaves unknown. Flowers white. Umbels of 4-5 rays.
Fruit unknown.
Few-leaved Earth-nut. PI. 2 feet.
7 B. afhy'llum (Jan. herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 117.) root
nearly globose, thick ; stem terete, erect, nearly simple : cauline
leaves striated at the sheaths, reduced to a short limb : both the
involucrum and involucel are composed of 4-5 acuminated
leaves. H. Native of Sicily, on the Nebrodes. Herb
4 to 5 inches high.
Leafless Earth-nut. PI. \ foot.
8 B. alpi'num (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 199. t.
182.) root nearly globose, thick ; stem terete, flexuous, hardly
longer than the radical leaves ; segments of leaves linear-oblong,
fleshy; involucra of 5 linear-subulate leaves. 1£. H. Native
of Croatia, on chalky mountains ; and of Persia, in the province
1
of Aderbijan. Wallrothia tuberosa. Spreng. pug. 2. p. 52. and
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 556. Flowers white. There are 3 vittae
in each furrow of the fruit.
Far. (1, petreeum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 117.) plant rather glau-
cous ; leaves of involucrum oblong-linear. % . H. Native of
the kingdom of Naples, on mountains about Magella. Bunium
petrae'um, Ten. prod. fl. neap. p. 60. Perhaps Wallrothia diva-
ricata, Presl, del. p. 134. Tuber large, pushing out many fibres
like the tuber of a Cyclamen. Fruit not seen.
Alpine Earth-nut. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. ^ foot.
9 B. ferulzefolium (Desf. ann. mus. 11. p. 275. t. SO. cor.
Tourn. 55. t. 43.) root nearly globose ; stem terete, dichoto-
mous ; leaves all somewhat triternate : leaflets linear ; leaves
of involucrum 1-5, of the involucel 4-5, very short ; fruit nar-
row, cylindrical. 7/. H. Native of the islands of Cyprus,
Candia, and Scio. Sium ferulaefolium, Spreng. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 539. B. ferulaceum, Smith. Tuber about the size
of a filbert, rufous on the outside, and white on the inside.
Flowers white. Fruit not sufficiently known. The involucrum
is very variable in the number of leaves.
Ferula-leaved Earth-nut. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 ft.
10 B. coryda'linum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 117.) root globose;
stem flexuous ; segments of leaves linear-oblong ; involucrum
almost wanting; involucels of few leaves. %. H. Native of
Corsica, on the mountains. B. petrae'um, Lois, fl- gall. ed. 2.
vol. 1. p. 195. Tuber hardly so large as a pea. Stem 4-5
inches high, sparingly branched. Umbels of 3-5 rays; and the
umbellules of 8-10 flowers; involucels of 5-6 leaves. Fruit
oblong ; having the furrows furnished with 2-3 vittae each.
Corydalis-lihe Earth-nut. PI. foot.
11 B. Cre'ticum (D’Urv. enum. p. 31.) root turnip-formed;
stem dichotomous, nearly naked ; leaflets of radical leaves
ovate and cut : of the cauline ones linear ; involucrum none ;
involucels of few leaves. 1/. H. Native of the Island of Cos,
among rocks. Bulbocastanum Creticum, radice napiformi,
Tourn. cor. 21. and therefore Sium napiforme, Spreng. and
Bunium napiforme, Willd. rel. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 539.
Flowers white. Fruit unknown.
Cretan Earth-nut. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. III. Conopodium (from kovoq, konos, a cone, and irovs,
7 roHog, pous, podos, a foot; in allusion to the stalk or foot of the
style, called the stylopodium, being conical). D. C. coll. mem.
5. p. 41. prod. 4. p. 117. — Conopodium, sect. 1. Koch, umb.
p. 118. Involucrum wanting, or of few leaves. Stylopodium
conical, exserted. Styles straight. — Perhaps a proper genus.
12 B. denxjda'tum (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 525.) root globose ;
cauline leaves nearly sessile, with short sheaths and toothed or
cut leaflets ; involucels unilateral, few-leaved. 1/ . H. Native
of the west and south of Europe, and Caucasus, in mountain mea-
dows and grassy pastures and among bushes, especially on a
gravelly soil ; plentiful in Britain. Myrrhis capillif olia, Guss.
prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 351. Myrrhis Bilnium, Spreng. umb. spec.
1. p. 131. syst. 1. p. 903. exclusive of numerous synonymes.
Bunium flexuosum, With. 291. Smith, fl. brit. 1301. engl. bot.
988. Bunium bulbocastanum, Huds. angl. 122. Curt. lond.
fasc. 4. t. 24. Bunium majus, Gouan. ill. p. 10. This species
varies much in height. Styles long, pale, short, and reddish.
Fruit ovate and oblong. Involucrum wanting, or 1 -3-leaved.
Segments of the leaves linear and lanceolate, more or less
toothed. Sprengel refers Bilnium ammoides, Link, or Myrrhis
ammoldes, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 517. to the present
plant; and probably Myrrhis tenerrima, Presl, del. prag. 131. is
also referrible to it. Flowers white. There are probably nu-
merous species confused under this name. The plant has several
names in England, as earth-nut, pig-nut, ar-nut, kipper-nut, hank-
UMBELLIFERAL LII. Bunium. L1II. Cryptotjenia. LIV. Pimpinella.
291
nut,jur-nut, or yer'nut, earth chestnut, and ground-nut ; in Germany
it is called erdnuss ; in Holland aardnoot; in Swed enjordnot ; in
France suron, terrenoix; in Italy castagna de terra ; in Spain cas-
tanode tierra. Root nearly globular, black, or chestnut-coloured on
the outside and white inside ; aromatic, sweet, and mucilaginous,
with some acrimony : they are frequently dug up and eaten by
children. Swine are very fond of them, and will soon become fat
with feeding on them. When boiled they are very pleasant and
delicious, and are supposed to afford great nourishment. Thus
prepared, they are said to be eaten in Holland and the Alps, and
in some parts of England in soup or broth. Roasted they are
even superior to chestnuts.
Var. ft, Pyrence'um (D. C. prod. 4. p. 118.) sheaths of leaves
ciliated. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Bunium denuda-
tum, var. ft, Pyrenae'um, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 511. no. 3496.
Myrrhis Pyrenae'a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 518. Lois,
fl. gall. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 208. t. 5. Bitnium Pyrenae'um, Lois,
fl. gall. p. 161. t. 5. Bunium pilosum, Willd. rel. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 500.
iVa/ced-stemmed or Common Earth-nut. Fl. May, June.
Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
13 B. pu'milum (Smith, fl. graec. 274. prod. 1. p. 187.) root
globose ; leaves bipinnate : cauline ones petiolate, pilosb ; sheaths
short; segment of leaves cut and acute ; involucrum wanting or
1 -leaved; involucels of many leaves. 1/ . H. Native of Mount
Parnassus. Fruit ovate-oblong. Flowers white.
Dwarf Earth-nut. PI. -§- foot.
14 B. tenuifolium (Salzm. pi. exsic. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
118.) root unknown: cauline leaves petiolate; sheaths elon-
gated, glabrous ; segments of leaves few, linear, very narrow,
elongated, and quite entire ; involucels of many leaves. 7{..H.
Native of Mauritania, about Tangiers. Perhaps Bunium am-
moides, Link, is referrible to this plant. Flowers white.
Fine-leaved Earth-nut. PI. 1 foot.
15 B. glabe'rrimum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 11 8.) plant glabrous ;
stem terete, striated ; lower leaves biternate : leaflets ovate,
lobed, and toothed ; superior leaves biternate : leaflets lanceolate,
quite entire; both the involucra and involucels are usually 1-
leaved. 1£. H. Native of Mount Atlas, near Tlemsen. Chae-
rophyllum glaberrimum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 322. Poir. diet. 5.
p. 136. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 523. Scandix glabbr-
rimum, Desf. atl. 1. p. 260. t. 74. Flowers white. Immature
fruit similar to that of B. denuddtum.
Quite-glabrous Earth-nut. PI. 1 foot.
16 B. ? rigens (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 500.) root
unknown ; stem stiff, sheathed ; branches spreading ; leaves
bipinnate ; leaflets obtuse, conduplicate, crenulated ; involucrum
of many short leaves. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, and of the Mauritius. Conium rigens, Lin. mant. p.
352. Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. 2. p. 203. Dasyspermum
species, Neck. elem. p. 295. (Trachyspermum rigens, G. Don,
in Loud. hort. brit. 103.). Perhaps 2 species are confused
here. Perhaps it is a true species of Bunium. Flowers white.
Stiff Earth-nut. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1787. Shrub foot.
Cult. A light sandy soil suits all the species best ; and they
can only be increased by seeds.
LIII. CRYPTOTiE'NIA (from Kpvxrog, cryplos, hidden,
and raivia, tainia, vitta ; the vittae of the mericarps are hidden
by a pericarp, and are invisible, unless the mericarps are cut
transversely). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 42. prod. 4. p. 118
Conopodium, sect. 2. Koch, umb. 119. Cyrtospermum, Rafin.
in litt. 1819. — Alacospermum, Neck. elem. no. 276. ?
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, nearly entire, ending in a narrow inflexed point.
Fruit contracted from the sides, linear-oblong, crowned by a short
stylopodium and 2 short styles ; mericarps with 5, equal, fili-
form, obtuse ribs: the 2 lateral ribs placed before the margin ;
vittae in the furrows between the ribs numerous, covered by a
somewhat corky pericarp, but closely adnate, and only visible
when the carpels are cut transversely. Seed teretely convex,
flattish in front. Carpophore free, bifid at the apex. — Perennial,
glabrous, erect herbs. Roots not bulbous. Leaves ternate;
leaflets ovate, coarsely toothed : teeth mucronate. Umbels nu-
merous, almost disposed in a panicle. Rays of umbels and um-
bellules few, very unequal. Involucrum wanting ; involucels
few-leaved. Flowers white. '
1 C. Canade'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 119.) lower umbels
rising from the axils of the superior leaves ; fruit oblong. "If. .
H. Native of North America, in woods among rocks ; Canada
about Lake Huron and Quebec ; frequent about Boston, in the
United States. Sison Canadense, Lin. spec. 363. Hofftn.
umb. p. 36. Slum Canadense, Lam. diet. 1. p. 407. Big. fl.
host. ed. 2. p. 114. Chaerophyllum Canadense, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 320. Myrrhis Canadensis, Mor. oxon. sect. 9. t. 11. Nutt,
gen. amer. 1. p. 141. Gaertn. fruct. t. 23. Conopodium Cana-
dense, Koch, umb. 119. Myrrhis ternata, Mcench, meth. p.
101. Sison trifoliatum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 168. ? Cyr-
tospermum trifoliatum, Rafin. in litt. Flowers white.
Canadian Cryptotaenia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1699. PI. 1^- ft.
2 C. Thoma'sii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 119.) umbels disposed in
a naked leafless panicle ; fruit ovate. 1/ . H. Native of Ulte-
rior Calabria, near rivulets, in groves on the mountains called
Della Serra. Sison Thomasii, Ten. prod. neap, suppl. 2. p. 66.
syn. p. 40. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 412. A'pium trifoliatum se-
minibus sparsis pendulis diapensiae folio, Bocc. mus. append. 4.
ex herb. Vaill.
Thomas's Cryptotaenia. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species of this genus will grow in any soil ; and
may either be increased by cuttings or by seed.
LIV. PIMPINE'LLA (altered from bipinnate, twice pinnate;
the leaves). Lin. gen. no. 366. Koch, umb. p. 120. f. 65. and
66. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 42. but not of Tourn. Gaertn.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 119. — Pimpinella and Tr&gium, Spreng.
Hoffm. Lag.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit ovate,
contracted from the sides, crowned by the pulvinate stylopodium
and reflexed styles, which are capitate at the apex ; mericarps
with 5, equal, filiform ribs: lateral ribs marginating : having
the furrows between the ribs furnished with many vittae ; car-
pophore free, bifid. Seed gibbously convex, flattish in front.
— Herbs, for the most part natives of Europe. Roots simple.
Radical leaves pinnate : leaflets roundish, toothed, rarely undi-
vided ; cauline leaves more finely dissected than the radical ones.
Umbels and umbellules of many rays, without any involucra.
Flowers usually white, rarely reddish or yellow.
Sect. I. Tragoseli'num (from rpayoe, tragos, a goat, and
t teKwov , selinon, parsley ; goats’ parsley). Tourn. inst. p. 309.
t. 163. Moench, meth. 99. D. C. prod. 4. p. 119. — Pimpi-
nella, Spreng. umb. prod. p. 35. Schultes, syst. 5. p. 34.
Hoffm. umb. 88. Fruit glabrous. Roots perennial.
1 P. rotundifolia (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 242.) radical and
cauline leaves reniform, crenated ; superior ones glabrous, lobed
a little. 7/ . or $ . H. Native of Iberia and Caucasus, in
groves. Floffm. umb. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 92, Sison rotundifolius,
Spreng. anleit. ed. 2. p. 2. t. 4. f. 1-4. umb. spec. p. 110.
Leaves rather pubescent, of a form almost like those of Mdlva
sylvestris. Involucrum none. Petals white. Stigmas purple,
p p 2
292
UMBELLIFERAI. LIV. Pimpinella.
Round-leaved, Burnet-saxifrage. FI. June, July. Clt. 1817.
PI. 2 feet.
2 P. ma'gna (Lin. mant.217.) radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets
serrated and somewhat cut, ovate or oblong : the terminal one
3-lobed. Tf.. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe,
Caucasus, and the Levant, in mountain meadows, pastures, and
woods. In Britain it grows chiefly in woods and hedges, in a
calcareous soil. Smith, engl. bot. t. 408. FI. dan. 1155.
Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 21. Jacq. aust. 4. t. 396. P. major,
Mill. diet. no. 1. Gouan. ill. p. 21. P. saxifraga, Spreng. syn.
213. Tragosellnum m&jus, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 448. Tragose-
linum magnum, Mcench, meth. 99.— Barrel, icon. t. 248. P.
saxifraga, Ray. syn. 213. Petiv. brit. t. 2G. f. 5. Saxifraga
magna, Dod. pempt. 315. f. 1. This and the following species
partake nearly of the same qualities. The root is very acrid,
burning the mouth like pepper. It affords a blue oil. Its acri-
mony has occasioned it to be used to cure tooth-ache, and to
clear the skin from freckles. It is chewed to promote the se-
cretion of saliva, and is used in gargles to dissolve viscid mucous
in the throat. In Germany it is prescribed in the asthma and
dropsy. Flowers either white or reddish.
Far. (i, rubens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.) flowers reddish. P.
rubra, Hoppe, exsic.
Far. y, orientalis (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets all pinnatifid ; lobes
lanceolate, acute ; flowers white. P. orientalis, Gouan. ill. t.
15. Jacq. aust. t. 397. Plenck, icon. t. 224. P. media, Hoffm.
ex Spreng.
Far. S, rosea (Stev. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.) leaf-
lets acutely and deeply pinnatifid ; flowers rose-coloured. Na-
tive of Caucasus, at Nartzana. P. dissecta, Bieb. fl. taur. 1.
p. 241.
Far. e, dissecta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.) leaflets of the superior
leaves bipinnatifid : having the segments linear-lanceolate. P.
dissecta, Retz. obs. 3. t. 2. P. pratensis, Thuill. P. laciniata,
Thor. land. p. 108. Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 36. Nees. off.
pflz. 10. t. 19. P. peregrina, Lejeune, fl. spa. 1. p. 145.
Flowers white.
Large Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Brit. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
3 P. saxi'fraga (Lin. spec. 378.) radical leaves pinnate ;
leaflets of the radical leaves toothed or cut, roundish : of the
uppermost in various linear segments. 1/ . H. Native through-
out the whole of Europe, Tauria, Caucasus, and Persia, in dry
sandy, gravelly, or chalky pastures, on banks, and on rocks ;
plentiful in some parts of Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 407.
Hayne, arzn. gew. 7. t. 20. Schkuhr, handb. t. 78. Hoffm.
umb. p. 90. Martyn. fl. rust. t. 127. Woodv. med. bot. t.
179. Jacq. austr. t. 395. Fl. dan. t. 699. Tragoselinum
minus, Lam. fl, fr. Tragosellnum saxifragum, Moench, meth.
99. P. crispa, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 289. Flowers white. A
very variable plant.
Far. [i, nigra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.) plant pubescent; leaf-
lets of lower leaves ovate, serrated, somewhat lobed, rather
cordate at the base ; the upper leaves bipinnate ; root black.
P. nigra, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1471. — J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 111. f. 2.
Far. y, hircina (D. C. 1. c.) plant rather pubescent ; leaflets
of nearly all the leaves pinnatifid or jagged. P. hircina, Moench,
hass. no. 255. P. Genevensis, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 604.
Far. <5, dissecta; leaflets all bipinnatifid, with narrow seg-
ments.
Common Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Brit. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
4 P. lu'tea (Desf. atl. 1. p. 255. t. 76.) radical leaves pin-
nate, pubescent ; leaflets cordate, toothed, cut in front ; superior
leaves entire, small, and linear. %. H. Native of Mount
Atlas. Tragoselinum altissimum Africanum, Tourn. inst. p.
309. P. maxima Africana, Magn. bot. monsp. app. ex herb.
Vaill. Terminal leaflet of radical leaves somewhat 3-lobed.
Stem erect, branched, dichotomous ; branches filiform, twiggy,
almost leafless. Flowers yellow, with an aromatic odour.
Yellorv-fto wered Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823.
PI. 3 to 4 feet.
5 P. au'rea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.) lower leaves pinnate,
glabrous ; leaflets cuneated, 2-3-lobed at the apex : teeth large,
few, mucronate ; cauline leaves trifid or undivided and linear,
few; petals ciliated, hardly emarginate. H. Native of
Persia, in gravelly places at Khoi, in the province of Ader-
beidjan. A very distinct species, with yellow flowers, differing
from P. lutea in the plant being glabrous, in the form of the
leaflets, and in the petals being ciliated. Fruit subglobose, di-
dymous, compressed, furnished with many vittae in the furrows.
There is a variety with smaller bipinnate leaves, also a native of
Persia.
GWdew-flowered Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 2 to 3 feet?
6 P. ramosi'ssima (D. C. 1. c.) plant glabrous ; lower leaves
bipinnate ; leaflets ovate-rhomboid, rather trifid, acuminated,
quite entire at the base, deeply toothed at the apex, some of
them crossed in a decussate manner ; stem much branched ; the
leaves under the branches reduced to short ligulae ; umbels 5-
rayed ; fruit glabrous, ovate, not contracted at the commissure.
1/ . ? H. Native of Persia. Flowers unknown. Transverse
section of fruit terete, as in the genus Seseli, but without either
involucrum or involucel, but with the habit of Pimpinella.
Leaves like those of Peucedanum cervaria. Perhaps a proper
genus.
Much-branched Burnet-saxifrage. PI.
7 P. anisoides (Brign. act. acad. neap. 1819. vol. 1. p. 1.
1. 1.) plant glabrous ; radical leaves bipinnate ; leaflets roundish-
ovate, serrated ; umbels numerous ; styles erect ; fruit glabrous.
Tf.. H. Native of the kingdom of Naples. It differs from P.
bubonoides, ex Guss. prod. 1. p. 331., in the fruit being gla-
brous, in the styles not being divaricate, and in the stigmas not
being globose.
Anise-like Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. II. Tra'gium (from rpayog, tragos, a goat; odour of
plants). Spreng. umb. prod. p. 26. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 35.
Hoffm. umb. gen. p. 91. t. A. f. 22. D. C. prod. 4. p. 120. —
Bdbon species, Lag. obs. apar. 26. Fruit villous. Roots peren-
nial, rarely biennial. Radical leaves pinnate or bipinnate ;
leaflets ovate.
8 P. depre'ssa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 120.) stem pubescent;
radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets cuneated, pinnatifid, smoothish,
ciliated : lobes lanceolate, obtuse ; cauline leaves pinnatifid, 1
under each branch ; fruit rather puberulous from small, ad-
pressed bristles. 1£. H. Native of Candia, on the Sphaciotic
mountains. Tr&gium depressum, Sieb. cret. exsic. Spreng. in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 392. Herb 1-2 inches high. Stem terete.
Root woody. Flowers white.
Depressed Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822.
PI. to | foot.
9 P. nodosa (D’Urv. enum. or. p. 33.) plant glabrous ; stem
branched, dichotomous ; leaves many-parted, with linear seg-
ments ; umbels numerous ; petals glabrous ; fruit small, ovate,
with a few adpressed hairs. 1/. H. Native of the Island of
Samos, among stones, frequent, and on the old walls of cities. In
the place of the stem where the involucrum ought to be, there
is a thick turbinate knot, probably caused by insects.
Nodose Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
10 P. tra'gium (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 606.) stem canescent;
radical leaves pinnate, smoothish ; leaflets cuneate-obovate,
deeply serrated, usually variously cut ; cauline leaves very few ;
petals pilose on the outside ; fruit clothed with canescent tomen-
tum. !(.. H. Native of the south of France, Italy, Sicily,
UMBELLIFERAi. LIV. Pimfineeea.
293
Podolia, and Tauria, in arid places, and among rocks. D. C. fl.
fr. suppl. p. 501. Bertol. amcen. ital. p. 350. P. canescens,
Lois. not. p. 47. t. 4. Tragium Columnae, Spreng. umb. spec.
134. P. saxifragay, Lois. fl. gall. 177. Flowers white. There
are several varieties, which differ in height and size of leaves,
but there are hardly any limits between these varieties.
Var. ft, glauca (D. C. prod. 4. p. 121.) plant of a canescent
glaucous hue : radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets roundish-ovate,
somewhat 3-lobed, toothed, pubescent on both surfaces, the 3
or 4 superior lobes linear ; petals and fruit clothed with adpressed
villi. If. H. Native of Sicily, on the Nebrodes. Tragium
glaucum, Presl, del. prag. p. 125. Flowers white. Allied to
P. Cumbrce, but the leaflets are all 3-lobed, and the terminal
one deeply so.
Par. y, laciniata (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets of all the leaves dis-
sected into narrow linear segments. H. Native of Tauria.
P. Tragium var. Bieb. suppl. p. 250. P. petrae'a, Beaupre,
ined. Perhaps a proper species. The whole plant is clothed
with canescent pubescence.
Goats' Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
11 P. peregri'na (Lin. mant. p. 357.) plant pubescent;
radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-cordate, serrated : terminal
one usually 3-lobed ; cauline leaves narrow, wedge-formed,
jagged; fruit hispid. $ . H. Native from the south of France
to Sicily, Caucasus, and Tauria. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 131.
P. hispida, Lois. not. p. 48. Tragium peregrinum, Spreng.
umb. spec. p. 135. syst. 1. p. 884. exclusive of the synonyme
of Presl. Ledeburia pimpinelloides, Link, enum. 1. p. 286.
Tragium Tauricum, Ledeb. — Barr. icon. 1184. — Column, ecphr.
1. t. 109. Flowers white. The herb varies in smoothness and
hairiness ; in the first state it is P. peregrinum, D. C. fl. fr.
suppl. p. 502. ; in the second it is P. hispida, Lois. ex. D. C.
1. c. The first leaves are simple, the second ternate, but the
succeeding ones are pinnate, also the lower stem ones ; hut the
upper stem leaves are variously divided into lanceolate segments.
The umbels are drooping before the expansion of the flowers.
The seeds have no smell, and when first chewed have scarcely
any taste, but in a short time are very acrimonious, and excite
a great heat in the fauces.
Var. ft, minor (D. C. prod. 4. p. 121.) plant smaller. Native
of Egypt, about Alexandria. Torilis trilobata, Viv. herb.
Foreign Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. 2 ft.
12 P. bubonoIdes (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 463. phyt. t. 35.) plant
puberulous when young, but at length becoming glabrous ; ra-
dical leaves bipinnate ; leaflets roundish-ovate, serrated ; umbels
numerous ; petals glabrous ; fruit rather villous. If . H. Na-
tive of Portugal, Sicily, and Calabria, in sandy places. Tragium
Broteri, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p- 393. P. anisokles, Guss.
cat. hort. boccad. p. 50. but not of Brign. Tenore, prod. p.
20. Tragium Gussdnii, Presl, del. prag. 1822. p. 126. Guss.
pi. rar. 117. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 330. Perhaps Athamantha la-
siantha, Willd. herb, ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 464. Flowers
white.
Bubon-like Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
13 P. villosa (Schousb. mar. p. 125.) plant glaucous, rather
pubescent ; radical leaves bipinnate ; leaflets obovate-cuneated,
crenated ; stem nearly leafless, much branched ; petals villous.
l/.H. Native of the kingdom of Morocco at Mogodor and
"langiers. Salzm. exsic. Poir. suppl. 1. p. 684. Tragium,
Schousbce'i, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 394. Tragium vil-
losum, Desf. hort. par. Leaves almost like those of P. bubo-
noides, but larger. This species differs from the preceding in
the petals being villous not glabrous.
Villous Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 ft.
14 P. Cu’mbra-: (Buch. ubers. can. p. 29. and beschreib. d.
can. ins. p. 152.) the whole plant is hoary from short down;
radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, deeply serrated, ter-
minal one usually 3-lobed : stem nearly leafless, branched ;
petals villous. If . G. Native of Teneriffe, on the highest
mountains. Tragium incanum, Chois, ined. Said to be allied
to P. villosa, but differs in being more hoary, and in the leaves
being simply pinnate, not doubly pinnate. Root woody, throw-
ing out many stems at the neck.
Cumbre Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
15 P. pseu'do-tra'gium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 122.) plant glau-
cous and canescent ; radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets roundish-
ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, deeply toothed, velvety-canescent on
both surfaces : upper ones trifid : lower ones undivided, linear ;
petals rather villous on the outside; fruit very hairy. 11. H.
Native of Persia, in dry exposed stony places about Seidkhodzi.
This is an intermediate plant between P. tragium and P. aroma-
ticum. The fruit is larger than in either, and the hairs on the
plant are soft and spreading, not as in P. tragium, adpressed.
Petals rather villous on the outside, not as in P. aromatic very
hairy.
False Tragium. PI. 2 feet.
16 P. ? fla'va (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 122.) the whole plant
is canescent from minute down ; radical leaves supra-decom-
pound ; leaflets cut: lobes lanceolate, mucronately acuminated ;
sheaths of upper cauline leaves leafless ; petals yellow, canes-
cent on the back, as well as on the germs. If.. H. Native of
Caucasus, in dry stony places on the mountains of Talusch, near
Swant, at the elevation of about 3000 feet.
Yellow-ft owered Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
17 P. aroma'tica (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 241. suppl. 251.) plant
clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets of the
lower leaves all cuneiform, deeply serrated at the apex, lined ;
petals and fruit tomentose. $ . H. Native of Iberia and Eastern
Caucasus, on the edges of woods, and the sides of torrents.
Trkgium aromaticum, Spreng. umb. prod. p. 26. syst. 1. p. 884.
exclusive of the synonymes. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 392. Hoffm.
umb. ed. 2. p. 91. Flowers white.
Aromatic Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft.
18 P. diversifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 122.) leaves ternate or
biternate : leaflets petiolulate, cordate, coarsely toothed, mem-
branous, glabrous above, but puberulous along the nerves be-
neath ; involucrum wanting ; involucels 3-leaved ; rays of um-
bels and umbellules 15-20 in number, and are as well as the
fruit pubescent. 1/ . $ . H. Native of the East Indies, in
Sirmore. Heracleum diversifolium, Wall. mss. Leaves as if
they were pinnate, from the 2 lateral leaflets being undivided,
and the middle one ternate. Teeth of lower leaves rounded
and mucronate ; of the superior leaves acute. The immature
fruit has only been seen.
Diverse-leaved Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
19 P. Leschenau'ltii (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves petiolate,
orbicular, cordate, toothed, rather coriaceous, many-nerved at
the base, glabrous above, velvety from short down beneath :
cauline leaves few, parted, almost reduced to the sheaths; stem
a little branched, glabrous. If . H. Native of the East Indies,
on the Nellygerry Mountains, where it is called by the natives
Tourassou. Petals hardly emarginate. Young fruit rather pu-
berulous, when examined under a lens, but at length becoming
glabrous. Plant 1-2 feet high. Rays of umbel 5, of the um-
bellules 12-15. Flowers white. «
Leschenault's Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
20 P. ? Java'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 122.) cauline leaves pe-
tiolate, cordate, acute, cartilaginously serrated, many-nerved at
the base, velvety beneath as well as the petioles, but pubescent
above ; sheaths ciliated ; involucrum wanting, or of 1 linear
leaf; fruit hairy. If. H. Native of Java. Herb said to be
294
UMBELLIFER7E. LIV. Pimpinella. LV. Sium.
2 feet high. Stem terete, velvety at the apex. Umbels of many
rays. Fruit ovate, hairy. Styles diverging.
Java Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 2 feet.
Sect. III. Ani'sum (the herb anise ; containing plants agree-
ing with it). Adans. fam. 2. p. 95. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 102.
— Bubon species of Lag. Fruit puberulous. Annual plants.
21 P. anisum (Lin. spec. 399.) stem glabrous ; radical leaves
cordate-roundish, lobed, deeply serrated : middle ones pinnatifid,
with cuneate-lanceolate lobes : upper ones trifid and undivided,
linear ; fruit bearing a few scattered hairs. ©. H. Native of
the Island of Scio, Egypt, and cultivated in Europe. Nees,
off. pflz. 12. t. 17. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 22. Woodv. med.
bot. t. 180. Anisum vulgare, Clus. hist. 2. p. 202. Gaertn.
fruct. 1. t. 23. f. 1. Anisum officinale, Moench, meth. p. 100.
Sison anisum, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 407. A'pium
anisum, Trag. — Blackw. herb. t. 374. — Lob. icon. 731. Flowers
of a yellowish white colour. Fruit pubescent when young.
Styles short, straight. The anise is cultivated in Malta and
Spain for its seeds, which are annually imported as medicinal, and
for distillation and expression. In this country it is occasionally
grown in the garden, to be used as a garnish, and for a season-
ing like the fennel. For this last purpose, the seeds require to
be sown in April, in a warm border, in a dry light soil, or raised
in pots on heat, and removed to a warm site in May, where
the plants will blossom and ripen their seeds in August, in
favourable seasons. The plants should be thinned to 3 or 4
inches’ distance.
Anise. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1551. PI. 1 to 1-| foot.
22 P. Cre'tica (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 684.) plant dwarf; radical
leaves roundish, 3-lobed, toothed ; superior leaves small, ter-
natelymultifid; segments rather filiform ; fruit puberulous. ©. H.
Native of Candia, Scio, and the Morea. A'pium Creticum mini-
mum anisi facie, Tourn. herb. P. tenuis, Sieb. pi. exsic. Stems
filiform, 4-5 inches high. Umbels spreading ; with capillary
rays ; umbellules small. Fruit shorter than the styles, not gla-
brous, but puberulous, as in P. anisum, of which it is probably
only a small variety. Flowers whitish.
Cretan Anise. FI. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot.
23 P. dichotoma (Lin. mant. 58.) plant glabrous, dichoto-
mously branched, erect ; leaves biternate or triternate ; leaf-
lets linear ; petioles winged, membranous ; peduncles opposite
the leaves; fruit muricated from short hairs. ©. H. Native
of Spain, on hills about Aranjuez. Habit of Trinia, but differs
from that genus in the flowers not being dioecious. Petals all
emarginate at the apex, from the point being incurved. Fruit
nearly globose, striated. Styles reflexed. Flowers white.
Dichotomous Anise. PI. 1^ foot.
f Species not sufficiently known.
24 P. tenuifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 123.) plant glabrous ;
leaves decompound, glaucous, linear, somewhat divaricate ; um-
bel terminal, compound. — Native of Persia. Tragium tenui-
folium, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 393. Flowers white.
Fine-leaved Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
25 P. erioca'rpa (Russel, beschr. alep. ex Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 394.) radical leaves pinnate : leaflets cuneiform, cut, gla-
brous : superior ones filiform ; fruit hispid. — Native about
Aleppo. Tragium eriocarpos, Schultes, 1. c. Pimpinella tenuis,
Sieb. Crete, exsic. ex Schultes, 1. c. Tragium tenue, Link,
enum. 1. p. 286. The same as P. tenuifolia, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 284. Flowers white.
PI airy- fruited Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
26 P. alpi'na (Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 399.) radical leaves pin-
nate, glabrous; leaflets of lower leaves ovate, cut : of the inter-
mediate ones, pinnatifid, and of the upper ones linear-subulate,
entire. 1/. H. Native of the Alps of Styria and Austria, in
stony places. The petals are said to be yellowish- white. Fruit
striated, probably glabrous, or villous. This is perhaps only a
variety of P. magna.
Alpine Burnet-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
27 P. rupe'stris (Bory, ann. gen. sc. ph. 3. 1820. p. 12.)
radical leaves on long petioles, pinnate ; leaflets deeply crenated,
acute ; stems rather dichotomous. 1/ . H. Native of Spain,
among stones, on Sierra Nevada. Plant glaucous, stiff, slender.
Perhaps only a variety of P. saxifraga.
Rock Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
28 P. ? Cape nsis (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. 2. p. 207.)
stem terete, striated, glabrous ; leaves ternately decompound ;
leaflets lanceolate, acute, deeply pinnatifid ; involucrum com-
posed of many short leaves. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
on the Table Mountain. Sison Capensis, Schultes, syst. 6. p.
411. Flowers white. Fruit ovate, obtuse, striated: with the
ribs obtuse.
Cape Burnet-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot 1
Cult. All the species are of easy culture. — A dry sandy
soil suits them best ; and they are only to be increased by seeds,
which ripen in abundance. Those species marked perennial are
little better than biennial in the gardens.
LV. SI'UM (from siu, water in Celtic ; habitation of most of
the species). Koch, umb. 117. D. C. prod. 4. p. 124. — Slum
species of Lin. Spreng. and others. — Sis&rum, Adans. fam. 2.
p. 97.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digi/nia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
now and then obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an in-
flexed point. Stylopodium pulvinate, depressed at the margin.
Styles divergingiy reflexed, rather capitate at the apex. Fruit
compressed from the sides or contracted, and rather didymous,
crowned by the stylopodium and styles ; mericarps having 5 equal
filiform bluntish ribs : with the furrows between the ribs, as also
the commissure, furnished with many vittae ; carpophore bi-
partite ; the stalks adnate to the mericarps. Seed nearly terete.
— Mostly aquatic herbs. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-oblong,
toothed or many parted. Umbels terminal, many parted : sur-
rounded by many leaved involucra, which are very rarely com-
posed of one leaf. Umbellules many flowered, surrounded by
many leaved involucels. Flowers white.
Sect. I. Sisa'rum (altered from the Arabic name of the plant
dgizer ; this word signifies a carrot in Persian, and Sisarum has
small bundles of roots resembling carrots). D. C. prod. 4. p.
124. — Sium, Koch, deutschl. fl. Lateral ribs of fruit marginat-
ing, having 3-4 superficial vittae in each furrow between the
ribs. Seed terete, convex on the back, and flattish in front.
1 S. Sisa'rum (Lin. spec. p. 361.) root composed of fascicles
of fusiform tubers ; stem terete ; leaves pinnate, but the upper-
most ones are ternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated ;
involucra of 5 reflexed leaves ; calycine teeth almost obsolete.
%. H. Native of China, Japan, Corea, Altaia, Mongol, and
Cochin-china, but only cultivated in Europe. Schkuhr, handb.
t. 69. — Lob. icon. t. 710. f. 1. Col. phyt. 89. with a figure. —
Park. par. t. 507. f. 1. The commissure of the fruit, accord-
ing to Koch, is furnished with 4 vittae. Sium hrevfblium and
S. Podolicmn are probably hardly varieties of this species.
Flowers white. The tubers of the root are about the size of the
finger, joined together at the crown or head ; they were formerly
much esteemed in cookery. The Skirret is called Chervis in
French, Zuckerwurzel in German, and Sisaro in Italian ; it is
also cultivated in the north of Scotland, under the name of
crummock. The tubers are boiled, and served up with butter,
UMBELLIFERvE. LV. Sium.
295
and are declared by Worlidge, in 1682, to be “the sweetest,
whitest, and most pleasant of roots.” This plant grows freely in
lightish soil, moderately good It is propagated both from seed
and by offsets of established roots. The better method is to
raise seedlings to have the root in perfection, young, and
tender.
By seeds. — “ Sow between the 21st of March and the 15th of
April ; a fortnight later, rather than earlier, for a full crop, as
plants raised forward in spring are apt to start for seed in sum-
mer. Sow on an open compartment of light ground, in small
drills 8 inches apart. When the plants are 1 or 2 inches high,
thin them to 5 or 6 inches asunder. They will enlarge in growth
to the end of autumn ; but before the roots are full grown, in
August, September, or October, some may be taken up for con-
sumption, as wanted ; those left to reach maturity will continue
good for use throughout winter and in spring, till the stems run.
By slips. — “ Having some plants of last year’s raising, fur-
nished with root offsets, slip them off ; taking only the young
outward slips, and not leaving any of the large older roots ad-
hering to the detached offsets ; which plant by dibble, in rows
from 6 to 9 inches asunder. They will soon strike and enlarge,
and divide into offsets ; which, as well as the main roots, are
eatable, and come in for use in proper season.
To save seed. — “ Leave some old plants in the spring : they
will shoot in stalks, and ripen seed in autumn.”
Var. /3, Ninsi ; stem bulbiferous ; leaflets broader, rather cor-
date. Sium Ninsi, Burm. ind. t. 29. Thunb. jap. 118.
i Skirret. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1548. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 S. sisaroideum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 124.) root unknown ;
stem furrowed ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, rather cordate at
the base, toothed : upper leaves ternate, having the leaflets ob-
long, acuminated, and serrated ; involucrum of 4-5 reflexed
leaves: calycine teeth almost wanting. 1£.H. Native of Per-
sia, in the province of Aderbeidjan, about Badelan, in shady
sandy places, where it was collected by Szowits. The root is
said to be creeping, but according to the specimens examined,
they appear to be fasciculate like those of the common skirret.
The whole plant is like S. Sisarum, and especially variety /3,
but differs in the stem being furrowed, in the leaves being
broader, in the fruit being shorter, and in the fibres of the roots
being cylindrical.
Skirret-like Water-parsnip. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 S. lancifolium (Bieb. suppl. p. 230.) root creeping; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, equally and sharply serrated ; invo-
lucrum of many leaves; calycine teeth very short. If . H.
Native ofTauria and Caucasus, in marshes and humid places;
and of Altaia, at the river Irtysh. S. latifolium, Bieb. fl. taur.
1. p. 225. exclusive of the synonymes. S. latifolium Ukrani-
cum, Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1812. Berula lancifolium, Bess,
enum. pi. volh. p. 44. Very nearly allied to S. latifolium.
The commissure of the fruit, according to Koch, is furnished
with 4-6 vittae.
Var.fi; leaflets narrower, linear-lanceolate. 1£.H. Gmel.
sib. 1. p. 201. no. 14. t. 47.
Lance-leaved Water-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
4 S. latifolium (Lin. spec. p. 361.) root creeping; stems
angularly furrowed ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, acumi-
nated, unequal at the base, serrated, rarely pinnatifid ; involu-
crum of many leaves ; calycine teeth elongated. H. Native
throughout the whole of Europe and North America, in ditches
and marshes. In Britain in rivers, ditches, and fens. Jacq.
fl. austr. t. 66. Smith, engl. bot. t. 204. Oed. fl. dan. t.
246. Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. 38. good. Coriandrum latifolium,
Crantz. austr. p. 219. Drepanophyllum palustre, Hoffm. umb.
110. The leaflets of the submersed leaves are in the same plant
often multifidly jagged. The commissure of the fruit, according
to Koch, is furnished with 6 vittae. Stem with whorles of fibres
under water. The plant is of an acrid poisonous quality, par-
ticularly the roots.
Broad-leaved Water-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI.
3 to 6 feet.
5 S. longifolium (Presl, fl. cech. p. 65. but not of Pursh,)
root unknown ; stem striated ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets linear-
lanceolate, elongated, unequally toothed, very acute ; involu-
crum usually one-leaved. ~lf . H. Native of Bohemia, in marshes
and ditches.
Long-leaved Water-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 S. linea're (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 167.) stem angu-
larly furrowed ; leaves pinnate ; with 4-5 pairs of linear-lanceo-
late leaflets, which are acutely and finely serrated ; involucrum
of a few linear leaves. If . H. Native of North America, from
Canada to Carolina ; on the mountains and at the Saskatchawan,
in marshes ; watery places about Lake Huron ; moist and over-
flowed grounds of the Columbia. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 186.
exclusive of the synonyme of Pursh ex Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. p.
311. The young submersed leaves are deeply multifid or tri-
pinnate, with very narrow linear subulate segments.
Linear- leaved Water-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810.
PI. 1 foot.
7 S. Dougla'sii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 125.) stem terete; leaves
pinnate; lower leaflets ternate, the rest petiolulate, ovate- oblong,
coarsely serrated ; umbels opposite the leaves, and terminal,
pedunculate, without an involucrum, of many rays. If. H. Na-
tive of the north-west coast of America. Stems and petioles
reddish. Lower leaves 1§ foot long. Flowers white. Calyx
5-toothed.
Douglas's Water-parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Sect. II. Be'rula (probably from firipoQ, beros, a cloak or
garment). Koch, deutschl. fl. 2. p. 455. D. C. prod. 4. p.
125. Lateral ridges of the fruit placed a little before the mar-
gins of the mericarps. Transverse section of seed perfectly
terete.
8 S. angustifolium (Lin. spec. 1672.) root fibrous, having
stolons running from the neck ; stem hardly striated ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets ovate, unequally lobed and serrated ; umbels
pedunculate, opposite the leaves, and terminal ; involucrum of
many, rather pinnatifid leaves. If. B. H. Native throughout
the whole of Europe, even to Caucasus and Persia, in ditches
and rivulets ; plentiful in some parts of Britain. Jacq. fl. austr.
t. 67. Hayne, arz. gew. 1. t. 39. Smith, engl. bot. t. 139.
Hook. fl. lond. fasc. 2. t. 111. S. nodiflorum, Fl. dan. 247. S.
erectum, Huds. ed. 1. p. 103. S. Berula, Gouan. fl. monsp. p.
218. A'pium Sium, Crantz, p. 215. Berula angustifolia, Koch,
deutschl. fl. 2. p. 455. Root creeping extensively. Stem with
whorles of fibres under water.
Narrow-leaved Water-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
9 S. Thunbe'rgii (D. C. prod. 4, p. 125.) root fibrous,
throwing out stolons from the neck ; stem erect, striated ;
branches angular ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acute, regu-
larly and callously serrated ; umbels pedunculate, opposite the
leaves, and terminal ; involucrum of 3-5 linear acute undivided
leaves. B. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in
marshes near Seekhuwallei. Sium angustifolium, Thunb. prod,
p. 51. Leaflets approximate and regularly disposed. Plant
erect.
Thunberg’s Water-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
•f" Species not sufficiently known, and are therefore doubtful
whether they belong to the genus.
296
UMBELLIFERiE. LV. Sium. LVI. Bupleurum.
10 S. ? hi'spidum (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. 2. p. 210.)
stem branched, striated, glabrous, rather hispid at the nodi ;
leaves tripinnate, hispid beneath, as well as on the petioles ;
leaflets short, divided into multifid lobes ; umbels opposite the
leaves ; involucrum of 5 leaves. If. . F. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Anthriscus Capensis, Spreng. in Schultes, s$st.
6. p. 526. Slum hispidum, Spreng. umb. spec. 96. Root fusi-
form. Fruit unknown.
Hispid Water-parsnip. PI. ?
11 S. ? a'sperum (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. 2. p. 210.)
stem striated, glabrous, erect ; leaves somewhat tripinnate, gla-
brous ; leaflets multifid, lanceolate ; petioles and peduncles sca-
brous ; umbels terminal ; involucrum of 6 leaves. — Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. 96. Fruit un-
known.
Rough Water-parsnip. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
12 S. villosum (Thunb. 1. c.) stem erect; branches divari-
cate, striated ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets ovate, deeply serrated,
and are, as well as the petioles, ciliated with villi; umbels ter-
minal ; leaves of involucrum 6, ovate, with scarious margins. —
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. 97.
Villous Water-parsnip. PI.
13 S.? filifolium (Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. 2. p. 207.)
stem erect, flexuous, terete ; radical leaves simple, linear-fili-
form, elongated ; umbels terminal ; involucrum of 8 leaves,
which are about equal in length to the umbel. — Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. 99. exclusive of the
synonymes. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 544. exclusive of the syno-
nymes.
Thread-leaved Water-parsnip. PI. 2 feet.
14 S. grandiflorum (Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. 2. p. 208.)
stem erect, striated, branched a little ; leaves glabrous, bipin-
nate ; leaflets roundish, deeply toothed ; umbels terminal ; leaves
of involucrum 8, ovate, acuminated. If. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Flope. Spreng. umb. spec. 99. Fruit said to be
obovate, and striated.
Great-Jlowered Water-parsnip. PI. 2 feet ?
15 S. ? pa'tulum (Thunb. 1. c.) stem striated, glabrous;
branches divaricate ; leaves bipinnate, somewhat fasciculate ;
leaflets linear, trifid ; umbels terminal ; involucrum of 6 lanceo-
late leaves, with scarious margins. — Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. 89. Fruit unknown.
Spreading Water-parsnip. PI. spreading.
16 S. panicula'tum (Thunb. 1. c.) stem terete, striated, gla-
brous, panicled ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid,
linear, channelled ; umbels terminal ; involucrum of 6 lanceo-
late leaves, with scarious margins. — Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Spreng. umb. spec. 98. Fruit unknown.
Panicled Water-parsnip. PI.?
17 S. Japo'nicum (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 118.) stem erect, flexu-
ous, branched above ; leaves pinnate, glabrous ; leaflets un-
equal, oblong-obovate, deeply toothed at the top : upper ones
lanceolate, quite entire; umbels terminal. — Native of Japan.
Stem terete. Superior leaves ternate. Umbels of many rays.
Japan Water- parsnip. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
18 S. ? decu'mbens (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 118.) stems decum-
bent ; leaves bipinnate, on long petioles, glabrous ; leaflets trifid ;
umbels terminal, nearly simple. If. H. Native of Japan.
Perhaps S. Grae'cum, Lour. coch. p. 179. is referrible to this
species.
Decumbent Water-parsnip. PI. decumbent.
19 S. ? oppositifolium (Kit. in Schultes, fl. austr. 2. p. 495.
syst. 6. p. 506.) leaves numerous, opposite, doubly pinnate ;
leaflets linear, acuminated, quite entire. — Native of Hungary, on
the mountains.
Opposite-leaved Water-parsnip. PI. ?
Cult. All the species of this genus do best in a moist soil,
and most of them altogether in water. They are increased by
separating the roots and stolons.
LVI. BUPLEU'RUM (from ft ovq, bous, an ox, and rrhtvpov,
pleuron, a side ; so called from a supposed bad quality in swell-
ing kine that feed on some species of the genus). Tourn. inst.
309. t. 163. Lin. gen. no. 328. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 100. Koch,
umb. 114. f. 51, 52. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 880. D. C. prod. 4. p.
127. — Bupleurum, Tenoria, Buprestis, and Odontites, Spreng.
prod. — Buplehrum and Trachyplehrum, Reichb. consp. 1. p.
143. Bupleurum, Diaphyllum, lsophyllum, and Odontites,
Hoffm. umb.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals roundish, entire, strictly involute, with a broad retuse
point. Fruit compressed from the sides or somewhat didymous,
crowned by the depressed stylopodium ; mericarps with 5 fili-
form acute winged ribs, or with obsolete ones ; lateral ribs mar-
ginating ; furrows between the ribs either furnished with vittae or
without them, smooth or granular. Seed teretely convex, flat-
fish in front. — Quite glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves rarely
cut, but mostly quite entire in consequence of the limbs, which
are supposed to be absent, and the petioles being dilated, and
changed into quite entire phyllodia, as in many species of Acacia.
Umbels compound. Involucrum variable. Flowers yellow —
A very natural genus, with a distinct habit from all other umbel-
liferous genera, but the fruit is variable in character.
* Annual plants.
1 B. papillosum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 127.) stem erect, branch-
ed ; leaves linear, acute, stiffish ; umbels terminal, of 3-4 rays ;
involucrum of 3-4 unequal leaves; umbellules 10-flowered; in-
volucels of 5 reflexed leaves, longer than the fruit ; fruit coarsely
papillose all over. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Allied to
B. glaucum and B. tenuissimum, but the branches of the umbel
are perfect ; and the fruit is beset with large, obtuse, white
papillae.
Papillose AnnteA. Hare’s-ear. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
2 B. tenuissimum (Lin. spec. p. 343.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves linear, tapering to each end, rather glaucous ; umbels
simple, alternate, of about 3-5 flowers, surrounded by 5 awl-
shaped braeteas ; fruit roundish-ovate, with 5 ribs, and between
the ribs beset with fine granulations. ©. H. Native of middle
and south Europe, even to Caucasus, in sterile grassy places,
particularly by the sea-side. In England in muddy salt marshes ;
on the shore near Worthing ; at Lynn, Wisbeach, Cley, Holk-
ham, &c. in salt water ditches or muddy places over-flowed by
the tide. Fl. dan. t. 1090. Smith, engl. bot. t. 478. Reichb.
icon. 2. p. 58. t. 167. B. minimum, Ray, syn. p. 221. Odon-
tites tenuissima, Spreng. prod. 33. Agostana tenuissima, Bute,
vol. 8. p. 299. B. junceum, Poll. B. Pollichii, Gmel. fl. bad.
1. p. 613. B. junceum var. y, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 312. —
Barrel, icon. t. 1 168.
Var. ft, ndnum (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 350.) stem very humble,
and very much branched, diffuse. ©. H. Native of Normandy
and Picardy, by the sea-side. B. tenuissimum, Bouch. fl. abb. p.
20. Habit almost of B. glaucum, but the leaves of the invo-
lucels are quite entire, and the fruit is furnished with 10 ribs.
Very-slender Hare’s-ear. Fl. Aug. Sept. Britain. PI.
to 1 foot.
3 B. procu'mbens (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 230. t. 56.) stems pro-
cumbent, paniculately branched ; lower leaves narrow-lanceo-
late, the rest linear-subulate ; involucrum of 2 leaves ; involu-
cels of 5, nearly ovate, acute, very short leaves ; fruit short and
muricated by tubercles. ©. H. Native about Tunis. Odon-
tites procumbens, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 383. Habit
UMBELLIFERA2. LVI. Bupleurum.
297
almost of B. tenmssimum, but the stems are procumbent, and the
umbels are 2-5-rayed.
Procumbent Hare’s-ear. PI. procumbent.
4 B. glau'cum (Rob. et Cast, in D. C. suppl. fl. fr. p. 515.)
stem branched, diffuse ; leaves linear ; umbels terminal, usually
of 3 rays : lateral rays incomplete ; involucels of 5 lanceolate
cuspidate denticulated leaves, exceeding the flowers and fruit ;
fruit without vittae, and almost without ribs, echinated with tu-
bercles. ©. H. Native of Provence, Nice, Corsica, Narbonne,
Spain, and Sicily, on the sea shore ; and of Caucasus, on dry
hills near Baku and Sallian. Rchb. icon. 2. p. 60. t. 178.
Odontites glauca, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 383. The
whole plant is very humble and glaucous.
Glaucous Hare’s-ear. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. \ foot.
5 B. semicompo'situm (Lin. spec. p. 342.) stem erect, branch-
ed ; leaves oblong-spatulate ; umbels terminal, of 3-5 rays:
lateral rays incomplete ; leaves of involucels lanceolate, cuspi-
date, quite entire, 3-nerved, exceeding both the flowers and
fruit ; fruit without vittae, and the ribs are obliterated, and the
furrows are granular. ©. H. Native of the south of France,
Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Dalmatia, Istria, Algiers, Greece, &rc. in
cultivated fields. Gouan. ill. t. 7. f. 1. Smith, fl. graec. t. 2C1.
Rchb. icon. 2. p. 77. t. 183. B. divaric&tum /3, Lam. fl. fr.
Odontites luteola, Hoffm. umb. 209. t. 1. B. f. x. but not of
Spreng.
Semi-compound-umhcWtd Hare’s-ear. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1778. PI. i to f foot.
6 B. gracile (D. C. prod. 4. p. 128.) stem erect, much
branched ; leaves linear, acute ; umbels terminal : lateral ones
somewhat 3-rayed; leaves of involucel lanceolate, shorter than the
fruit-bearing umbel ; fruit granular, having the ribs obliterated.
Q. H. Native of the south of Tauria, in gravelly saltish places ;
and of the plains of Caucasus, adjoining the river Terek. Odon-
tites gracilis, Bieb. suppl. p. 198. Allied to B. decompositum,
but differs in the involucels being shorter than the umbellules,
not longer than them.
Weak Hare’s-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. A to ^ foot.
7 B. Chine'nse (D. C. prod. 4. p. 128.) stem with erect
branches ; leaves broadly linear, 5-nerved ; umbels of 5-6 rays ;
involucra and involucels of 1-2 linear leaves, shorter than the
flowers ; fruit with 5 acutish ribs, having the furrows smooth.
©. H. Native of China. Habit of B. tenue, but differs in the
involucels being narrower and fewer, and in the pedicels being
hardly equal in length to the flowers.
China Hare’s-ear. PI. lA foot.
8 B. te'nue (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 182.) stem erect, fili-
form, branched; leaves 7-nerved; lower ones linear-mucronate,
5-nerved : upper and rameal ones lanceolate ; umbels of usually
4 rays ; involucels of 4-5 elliptic mucronate leaves, which are
about equal in length to the fruit ; fruit acutely ribbed, with the
furrows smooth. ©. H. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty,
Kamaon, and Gosaingsthan. B. virgatum, Wall. cat. 555. Very
like B. tenmssimum, but differs in the umbels being of 4 rays,
instead of 6, and in the leaves of the involucels being elliptic, not
lanceolate, &c. Umbels numerous.
Var. fl,Jlexudsum (Wall, mss.) stem much branched, flexuous ;
leaves having 7-9 nerves, and dotted between the nerves. ©.
H. Native of Nipaul.
Slender Hare’s-ear. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
9 B. Gera'rdi (Jacq. austr. 3. t. 256.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves linear, cuspidate ; umbels terminal, of 5-7 rays ; leaves of
involucel linear, cuspidate, exceeding the flowers, which are 5
or 6 in each umbellule ; ribs of fruit hardly elevated, and the
furrows between the ribs are furnished with 3 vittae. ©. H.
Native of Provence, Nice, Sicily, Austria, Tauria, Caucasus, &c.
in dry fields. Rchb. icon. 2. p. 56. t. 164. and t. 165. B.
VOL. III.
junceum var. Lam. Spreng. B. filicaule, Brot. ex Steud. Iso-
phyllum Gerardi, Hoffm. Buprestis Gerardi, Spreng. — Ger.
Galloprov. t. 6. There are varieties of this plant with either
erect or spreading branches, and with the involucels either
shorter or longer than the flowers.
Gerard's Hare’s-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Cl . 1804. PI. 1 to
3 feet.
10 B. ju'nceum (Lin. spec. p. 343.) stem erect, panicled ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, cuspidate ; umbels terminal, of 3 rays ;
leaves of involucel linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, shorter than the
flowers, which are 3-5 in each umbel ; ribs of fruit elevated,
acute : having the furrows smooth, and almost without vittae.
©. H. Native of south and middle Europe, even to Caucasus,
in fields. Rchb. icon. 2. p. 57. t. 166. B. junceum /3, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 519. B. Gerardi, Smith, fl. graec. t. 262. B. junceum
a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 371.— Lob. icon. t. 243. f. 1.
Var. /), Rissoni (D. C. prod. 4. p. 128.) fruit-bearing pe-
duncles short, axillary, hardly attaining one-half the length of
the leaves.
Rushy Hare’s-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1772. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
11 B. gluma'ceum (Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 177. but not
of Spreng.) stem erect, very slender, panicled ; leaves linear, 3-
nerved ; involucra and involucels of 5 lanceolate cuspidate 3-
nerved leaves, which are pellucid between the nerves and veins,
exceeding the umbels ; furrows of fruit smooth, furnished each
with one vitta, and the ribs are acute and very slender. ©. H.
Native of Calabria, in barren fields ; island of Scio ; about Con-
stantinople, Cephalonia, Candia, and Cyprus. Rchb. icon. 2. p.
71. t. 179. B. flavum, Forsk. eg. ar. suppl. p. 205.? B. gracile
d’Urvill. enum. 30. p. 250. but not of Bieb. Nearly allied to
B. odontites, but perfectly distinct, in the leaves of the involucel
being diaphanous between the nerves, not reticulated.
Glumaceous Hare’s-ear. PI. 1 foot.
12 B. Odonti'tes (Lin. spec. p. 342. exclusive of the syn. of
Haller.) stem erect, panicled ; leaves linear, 3-nerved ; leaves
of involucel 5, linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, 3-nerved, reticulately
veined from the middle nerve being pinnate ; fruit having the fur-
rows smooth, and furnished with one vitta each, and the ribs acute
and very slender. ©. H. Native of Italy, Sicily, Greece, Smyrna,
Montpelier, and Mauritania. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 91. Rchb.
icon. 2. t. 68. t. 177. B. Fontanesii, Guss. ind. sem, hort. bocc.
1825. ex ind. sem. 1826. pi. rar. 112. and prod. 1. p. 312.
Odontites Hare’s-ear. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1749. PI. 1 foot.
13 B. arista'tum (Barth, in Rchb, icon. 2. p. 70. t. 178.)
stem erect, panicled ; leaves lanceolate, linear, 3-nerved ; leaves
of involucel 5, elliptic, aristately cuspidate, reticulately veined,
from the middle nerve being pinnate, exceeding the umbellules ;
fruit with smooth furrows, furnished with one vitta each, and
acute very slender ribs. ©. H. Native of England, France, Ba-
learic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Liguria, Dalmatia, &c. in
dry fields and on hills. In England on a marble rock in Devon-
shire, unquestionably wild. B. divarictltum, Lam. fl fr. 3. p.
410. B. glumaceum, Spreng. umb. spec. 18. t. 3. f. 5. but not
of Sibtli. B. Odontites, Smith, engl. bot. t. 2468. Odontites
lutea, Spreng. prod. 33. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 380. but not of
Hoffm. By most authors this species has been confused with
the preceding.
J lined Hare’s-ear. Fl. July. England. PI, A to ^ foot.
14 B. nodiflorum (Sibth and Smith, fl. graec. t. 260.) stem
dichotomous or trichotomous from the base ; branches spread-
ing, forked; leaves linear: radical ones distich; umbels axil-
lary and terminal, rather capitate ; leaves of involucrum 5, ovate,
cuspidate, 3-nerved, transparent between the nerves, as well as
the margins of the upper leaves ; fruit with smooth furrows.
©. H. Native of Candia, in corn-fields ; in Syria near Baruth ;
and Egypt. B. nanum, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 750. B. Mareoticum,
Q q
298
UMBELLIFERiE. LVI. Bupleurum.
Delil. ined. B. proliferum, Delil. fl. egypt. p. 61. t. 22. f. 2.
B. minimum, Spreng. neue entd. 3. p. 163. Fruit striated, not
warted.
Knot-flowered. Hare’s-ear. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1
foot.
15 B. heterophy'elum (Link, enum. 1. p. 262.) leaves stem-
clasping : lower ones lanceolate-linear : upper ones oblong-acu-
minated, almost perfoliate ; umbels bifid ; involucrum none ; in-
volucels of 5 ovate acuminated leaves. Q. H. Native of
Egypt; and the Levant, near Aleppo. B. iEgyptiacum, Willd.
B. lancifolium, Horn. cat. hort. taur. 1812. ex herb. Furrows
of fruit granular, ex Koch, umb. p. 157. This species is con-
founded with B. protractum by Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 365.
Variable-leaved Hare’s-ear. FI. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft.
16 B. protra'ctum (Link, fl. port. 2. p. 387.) cauline leaves
perfoliate, ovate-oblong, acuminated ; umbels of 3 rays ; involu-
crum wanting ; leaves of involucel 5, mucronate ; furrows of
fruit granular. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe, from
Spain to Greece and Egypt, and from Mauritania to Andega-
vany. Camb. bal. p. 83. B. subovatum, Spreng. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 365. exclusive of the synonymes. B. rotundifolium
/3 intermedium, Lois. not. 45. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 514. B.
rotundifolium, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 452. Diaphyllum triradiatum,
Hoflin.
Protracted Hare’s-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. \
to ^ foot.
17 B. rotundifolium (Lin. spec. p. 340.) cauline leaves per-
foliate, roundish-ovate ; umbels of 5-6 rays ; involucrum want-
ing ; involucels of 5 mucronate leaves ; furrows of fruit smooth,
and destitute of vittae : ribs very slender. ©. H. Native of Eu-
rope, in fields, especially in Caucasus, south of Siberia, and Per-
sia ; in England in corn-fields, especially on a chalky soil. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 99. Sturm, deutschl. fl. with a figure. Hayn. arz.
gew. 7. t. 1. B. perfoliatum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 405. B. rotun-
difolium a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 364. — Moris, hist.
3. p. 299. sect. 9. t. 12. f. 1. This plant has been reckoned
among the vulnerary herbs ; but its virtues, whether ever ex-
perienced or not, are recorded in old herbals only.
Round-leaved Hare’s-ear or Thorow-wax. Fl. July. England.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
* * Perennial plants.
18 B. au'reum (Fisch. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 366.) leaves
coriaceous ; radical ones ovate, ovate-oblong, obovate, attenu-
ated into the petioles at the base : cauline ones ovate, acute,
stem-clasping ; leaves of involucrum 3-5, elliptic, or nearly or-
bicular, mucronate ; of the involucels 5, conforming to those
of the involucrum, coloured, longer than the flowering um-
bels. 1/. H. Native of Siberia, on mountains beyond the
Baikal ; and of Altaia. B. longifolium var. Spreng. umb. spec,
p. 119. Very nearly allied to B. longifolium , but differs in the
involucels being yellow, obtuse with a mucrone, not acuminated.
GoMeM-umbelled Hare’s-ear. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
19 B. longifolium (Lin. spec. p. 341.) leaves ovate-oblong:
radical ones petiolate : cauline ones stem-clasping ; leaves of
involucrum 3-5, ovate, somewhat acuminated ; of the invo-
lucels 5. 11. H. Native of France, Germany, Transyl-
vania, Switzerland, Savoy, &c. on the mountains. — J. Bauh.
hist. 3. p. 199. f. 1. Cam. hort. t. 38. Umbellules 7-14
flowered. Fruit with elevated, sharp, rather winged ribs : and
with the furrows between the ribs smooth, and furnished with 3
vittae each, which are full of pellucid dots, ex Koch, umb. p. 117.
Long-leaved Hare’s-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1713. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
20 B. Pyren^e'um (Gouan, ill. p. 8. t. 4.) radical leaves lan-
ceolate, elongated : cauline ones cordate-lanceolate, half stem-
clasping, acuminated ; umbels of 5, very rarely of 3 rays ; in-
volucrum of 3 broadly ovate leaves ; involucels of 5 obovate
distinct leaves, which are almost twice the length of the umbel-
lules. 7/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees, in rocky meadows, in
the places called Llaurenti, Ereslids, Estive de Luz, Port d’Oo ;
and in the Eastern Pyrenees. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 346. P. Pyre-
naicum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1371. B. angulosum var. a, Lin.
spec. p. 341. Leaves of involucrum rarely lobed at the base.
Ribs of fruit broadly winged ; wings sharply and membranously
keeled ; furrows smooth, furnished each with 3 vittae, which are
full of pellucid dots. Koch, umb. p. 116.
Pyrenean Hare’s-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1814. PI. 1 ft.
21 B. stella'tum (Lin. spec. p. 340.) radical leaves linear-
lanceolate, elongated : cauline ones almost wanting ; involucrum
of 3 ovate-lanceolate leaves ; involucels of 8 leaves, which are
joined together into an 8-cleft disk, longer than the umbellules.
If. . H Native of the Alps of Switzerland, Piedmont, Dauphiny,
and Savoy, in stony meadows ; and of Corsica, on the mountains,
and probably of the Pyrenees. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 346. — Hall,
helv. hist. no. 771. t. 18. Ribs of fruit broadly winged; wings
sharply and membranously keeled ; furrows smooth, each fur-
nished with one vitta.
*S7e//ate-involucelled Hare’s-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1775.
PI. 1 to 1^- foot.
22 B. triradia'tum (Adams, ex Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 1 30.) radical leaves linear-oblong : cauline ones 3, stem-
clasping, oblong or ovate, hardly acute ; umbels of 3 rays ; invo-
lucrum of 3 obovate leaves ; involucel of 7-8 obovate leaves,
which are scarcely longer than the umbellule. 7/ . H. Native
of Altaia or the mountains, and at Lake Baikal. Allied to B.
Pyrence'um, but differs in the leaves being much less acute, in
the umbels being of 3 rays, in the involucels being hardly longer
than the flowers, and in the young fruit not being glaucous.
Three-rayed- umbelled Hare’s-ear. PI. 1 foot.
23 B. multine'rve (D. C. mem. soc. gen. vol. 4.) radical
leaves oblong-linear, attenuated at both ends : cauline ones stem-
clasping, ovate, acuminated, with many parallel nerves ; invo-
lucra of 5 unequal leaves, having many parallel nerves ; leaves
of involucel 5, ovate, acuminated, coloured, hardly longer than
the umbellule. 74. H. Native of Altaia, on the mountains.
Allied on the one hand to B. aureum and B. longifolium, and on
the other to B. gramin folium.
Var. /3, angustius (D. C. prod. 4. p. 130.) cauline leaves nar-
rower, more glaucous ; involucrum of 2 leaves. 14.H. Native
of Dahuria.
Var. y, minus (D. C. 1. c.) involucrum of 3-4 leaves ; stem
nearly simple ; leaves narrow. %. H. Native of Altaia, on
the mountains.
Many-nerved-\ea\ed Hare’s-ear. PI. 1 foot.
24 B. graminifolium (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 48.) stem nearly
naked ; leaves radical, linear ; involucrum of 3-5 elongated
leaves, about one-half shorter than the rays of the umbel ; leaves
of involucel 5-8, oblong, mucronate. 74 . H. Native of the
Alps of Europe and the Pyrenees. Roem. fl. eur. fasc. 7. with
a figure. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 367. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
368. B. petrae' um, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 576. t. 14. Jacq. icon,
rar. 1. t. 56. This species differs from B. ranunculoides, in the
leaves being all nearly radical, in the involucels being often 7-8-
leaved, in the leaves of the involucrum being more elongated.
B. incurvum, Bell. app. 77. t. 11. is hardly a variety of this
species, unless that the leaves of the involucrum are more elon-
gated. B. caricifolium and B. petrae'um of many authors are
identical with this.
Var. /3, bicalyculatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 131.) leaves of in-
1
UMBELLIFERiE. LVI. Bupi.eurum.
299
volucrum 10, disposed in two series. If. H. Native of Pied-
mont, on the mountains about Limone. B. bicalyculatum, Bell,
st. nov. p. 4. t. 2. in mem. acad. taur. vol. 7.
Grass-leaved Hare’s-ear. FI. May, July. Clt. 1768. PI. \ ft.
25 B. ranunculoides (Lin. spec. p. 342.) radical leaves linear-
lanceolate, attenuated towards the base : cauline ones stem-clasp-
ing, oblong-cordate, or ovate-cordate, striated ; involucrum of 3
unequal leaves ; involucels of 5 ovate or oblong nerved distinct
mucronate leaves. If. H. Native of the Alps, Pyrenees, Jura,
Apennines, Siberia, in rough exposed places ; and of North Ame-
rica, at Cape Midgrave, in Behring’s Straits. Lam. diet. 1. p.
518. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 348. B. angulosum, Spreng. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 366. — Park, theatr. 581. no. 7. — Bauh. hist. 3. p.
199. f. 2. Ribs of fruit elevated and sharp; and the furrows
between the ribs smooth, and furnished with one vitta each, ex
Koch, umb. p. 116. Habit of herb very variable, from a finger
to a foot in height, simple or branched, bearing one or many
umbels. Involucra of from 1 to 3 leaves, very variable in length,
either broader or narrower than the leaves. The limits between
the varieties are hardly perceptible, and to these may be re-
ferred the B. angulosum, ranunculoides, repens, obtusatum, and
graminifolium, Lapeyr. abr. and suppl. as well as B. grammeum
and Vapincense, Vill. B. caricifolium and Burserianum, Willd.
B. Baldense, Hort. B. petrae'um, Geners. B. angulosum /3,
Lin. &c.
Far. (i, caricinum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 131.) radical leaves rather
convolute, linear-subulate : cauline ones hardly dilated at the
base. 7/. H. Native of the Apennines and the Pyrenees, in
exposed rocky places. B. caricifolium of many herbaria. B.
petrae'um, Lin. spec. 340. ? but the leaves of the involucel are
distinct, not joined.
Far. y, ob/ongifdlium (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 348.) stem very sim-
ple ; radical leaves 2, linear-oblong, 1^ to 2 inches long, and 2
to 3 lines broad, acutish ; cauline leaves sessile, broader than
the radical ones, of different shapes : the uppermost ones cor-
date-ovate, rounded at the apex, and mucronulate ; involucrum
of 3-8 unequal leaves ; umbels of 4 unequal rays ; involucels of
5-7 obovate mucronate leaves. ©. If.H. Native of Siberia.
Crorvfoot-like Hare’s-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI.
\ to \ foot.
26 B. Balde'nse (Host, syn. 141.) stem branched; leaves
stem-clasping, nearly linear, acute, nerved ; radical ones taper-
ing into the petioles ; leaves of involucel oblong-linear, about
equal in length to the fructiferous pedicels ; ribs of fruit
sharp; vittae 3 in each furrow. 7f. H. Native of Mount
Baldo ; and of Altaia, at the rivers Tscharysch, Kerlyk, Bucktor-
minsk ; and near Schulbinsk. B. bicaule, Helm, in act. mosq.
2. p. 106. t. 8. — Gmel. sib. 1. p. 209. no. 24. Stems numer-
ous, erect or ascending, simple at the base, and branched at the
apex. Radical leaves 2-6 inches long. Involucrum of 4-7 lan-
ceolate-linear leaves, but sometimes only of one elongated deci-
duous leaf. Umbels of 5-13 rays. Involucels of 5-9 oblong-
linear acute 3-nerved leaves; umbellules of 10-20 flowers.
Far. (1, multicaulc (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 350.) plant tufted ; leaves
rather fleshy, 7f. H. Native of Altaia, in saltish deserts at
the river Tschuja.
Baldo Hare’s-ear. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
27 B. longicau/le (Wall. cat. no. 557.) stems erect, sparingly
branched; leaves linear, acute, 5-7-nerved, rather membranous ;
umbels 3-5-ray ed; involucra of 1-3 ovate acute leaves ; umbel-
lules 15-rayed ; leaves of involucel 5, ovate, mucronate, longer
than the flowers, but shorter than the fruit; fruit 3 times longer
than the pedicels, acutely ribbed; vittae 3 in each furrow. 7/.
H. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan, Emodi, and Kamaon.
Herb li to 2 feet high, dividing into many stems at the neck.
Leaves 3-6 inches long. Mature fruit 2 lines long.
Long-stemmed Hare’s-ear. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
28 B. Cando'llii (Wall. cat. no. 552.) stems rising from
horizontal surculi, erect, sparingly branched ; leaves lanceolate,
acute, membranous, obliquely many nerved on both surfaces ;
umbels 12-1 3- rayed ; involucrum of 2-3 ovate, acute, many
nerved leaves; umbellules 12-15-rayed; involucels of 5 oval
acute leaves, which exceed the fruit. 7/ . H. Native of Nipaul,
at Gosaingsthan and Emodi. Herb 2 feet high. Immature
fruit hardly longer than the pedicels, oblong, ribbed, with the
furrows smooth.
De Candolle’s Hare’s-ear. PI. 2 feet.
29 B. panicula'tum (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 455.) leaves linear-
narrow, many nerved : radical ones very long ; stem erect, pa-
nicled ; umbels 2-3-rayed ; involucrum of 2-3 small leaves ; in-
volucels of 4-5 subulate leaves, which are 3 or 4 times shorter
than the umhellules ; fruit oblong. 7/. H. Native of Portugal,
on calcareous hills. Fruit with 3 ribs on each side, usually of
one mericarp from abortion. Habit of B. frutescens, but the
stems are annual.
Panicled Hare’s-ear. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 to 3 ft.
30 B. ce'rnuum (Ten. app. 1st cat. hort. neap, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 131.) stems erect, simple; leaves linear, acute, narrowed
at the base so much as to form petioles, many nerved ; umbels
5-9-rayed ; involucra of 2-4 leaves ; involucels of 5 setaceous
leaves; furrows of fruit smooth. If. H. Native of the king-
dom of Naples, on calcareous rocks. B. obtusifolium, Ten.
prod. p. 18. Leaves acute. A very distinct species, although
it has been joined by Sprengel with B. semicompositum. Very
nearly allied to B. paniculatum.
Drooping Hare’s-ear. PI. 1 foot.
31 B. exalta'tum (Bieb. tabl. casp. p. 166.) leaves all linear,
many nerved : lower ones elongated ; stem erect, leafy, panicu-
lately branched ; umbels 5-10-rayed ; involucra and involucels of
3- 5 subulate unequal, small leaves ; fruit ovate. 7/. Bieb. $.
Stev. H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus, in maritime meadows,
and on hills. B. Baldense, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1375. exclusive of
the syn. Bieb. fl. cauc. no. 513. but not of Turr. nor Host. Al-
lied to B. falcatum, but differs in the fruit being shorter, and in
the ribs being less acute.
Exalted Hare’s-ear. Fl. July. Clt. 1807. PI. 2 feet.
32 B. LiNEARiFbLiuM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 131.) stem erect,
paniculately branched ; leaves linear, very long, hardly acute,
many nerved ; umbels of 5-6 rays ; involucra and involucels of
4- 5 small acuminated leaves ; fruit linear-oblong, with rather
prominent ribs. If. H. Native of Persia, on mountains about
Badala, in the district of Khoi in the province of Aderbeidjan,
where it was collected by Szowits. Very like B. exaltatum, but
differs in the fruit being longer. It is perhaps, however, only a
variety of it.
Linear-leaved Hare’s-ear. PI. 1 foot.
33 B. scorzoner/Efoeium (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 30.) radical
leaves lanceolate: cauline ones linear, all striated with 9-11
parallel nerves ; stem paniculately branched ; umbels 8-10-ray-
ed ; involucrum of 1-2 leaves; involucels of 4-5 lanceolate api-
culated leaves, which are shorter than the umbellules. If . H.
Native of Siberia, at Lake Baikal. Allied to B. falcatum, but
differs in the leaves being narrower, and in the nerves being
parallel and more crowded.
Scorzonera-leaved Hare’s-ear. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI.
1-J foot.
34 B. lanceola'tum (Wall. cat. no. 551.) stem erect, spar-
ingly branched ; leaves lanceolate, much acuminated, glabrous,
membranous, furnished with 2 oblique nerves on each side ;
umbels 5-6-rayed ; involucrum of one small leaf ; umbellules 5-8-
rayed; involucels of 1-2 small leaves, rarely wanting ; fruit ovate-
oblong, with the ribs hardly elevated, and the furrows smooth.
«q 2
300
UMBELLIFER^. LVI. Bupleurum.
1/. H. Native of Nipaul, on the mountains. Herb 2 feet high,
quite glabrous. Leaves 4 inches long, and an inch broad. Fruit
a line and a half long. Furrows of immature fruit furnished
with 3 vittae each.
Lanceolate- leaved Hare’s-ear. PI. 2 feet.
35 B. margina'tum (Wall. cat. no. 556.) stems erectly as-
cending, sparingly branched; leaves linear, acute, stiff, 5-7-
nerved ; outer nerves nearly marginal ; umbels 6-8-rayed; invo-
lucra of 3-5 acuminated lanceolate leaves; umbellules 10-12-
rayed ; involucels of 3-5 leaves, which are shorter than the pe-
dicels ; fruit oblong, ribbed, with the furrows smooth. 1/. H.
Native of Nipaul and Kamaon. Root hard, branched, thick.
H erb a foot and a half high. Lower leaves 3 inches long, and
3 lines broad, usually obtuse from some cause ; nerves very pro-
minent.
Marginate-leaved Hare’s-ear. PI. 2 feet.
36 B. trifidum (Tenore, prod. fl. neap. p. 18.) stem erect,
branched ; leaves lanceolate, 9-nerved : upper ones rather fal-
cate, much shorter than the branchlets ; involucrum of 3 very
short linear-subulate leaves ; involucels of 5 setaceous leaves,
shorter than the umbellules, which are trifid. 1/ . H. Native
of Calabria, on dry rocks. Perhaps only a var. of B. scorzone-
rcefolium or B. falcatum.
7Yi/?d-umbelled Hare’s-ear. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
37 B. falca'tum (Lin. spec. p. 341.) leaves oblong : lower
ones oblong, petiolate : cauline ones sessile, linear-lanceolate,
attenuated at both ends ; leaves of involucel oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated, about equal in length to the fructiferous pedicels.
H. Native of Middle Europe, in hedges and among bushes
in dry situations ; and of Siberia, on the Altaian mountains ; and
throughout the whole of Caucasus. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 158.
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 347. — Lob. icon. t. 456. f. 1. Ribs of fruit
elevated, narrow, and a little winged ; vittae 3 in each furrow :
furrow's smooth, ex Koch, umb. 116.
Var. ft, petiolare (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 514.) radical leaves
ovate or oval, 7-nerved. %. H. Native of the Eastern Pyre-
nees. B. petiolare, Lapeyr. abr. pyr. p. 141. B. rigidum ft,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 370.
Falcate- leaved Hare’s-ear. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1739. PI.
1 to 2 feet?
38 B. ri'gidum (Lin. spec. p. 342.) lower leaves petiolate,
oblong or oval, nerved, coriaceous : upper ones small ; stem
nearly naked, dichotomously panicled ; involucra of 3 small
leaves. 1/. H. Native of the south of France, from Provence
to Narbonne, in rugged sterile places. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 349.
B. rigidum, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 370. exclusive of
variety ft. B. falcatum ft, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 408. — Lob. icon. t.
456. f. 2.- — Ger. 608. f. 2 .■ — Bauh. hist. p. 200. f. 2. Umbels
3-rayed. Ribs of fruit acute, very slender, but not elevated ;
furrows smooth, furnished with one vitta each, ex Koch, umb.
115.
Stiff Hare’s-ear. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet.
39 B. nudum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 331.) stem dichotomous,
2-leaved ; radical leaves decompound, flat, cut ; involucrum of
one leaf ; involucels of 5 lanceolate acute leaves, which are
shorter than the umbellules. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers pale yellow. The rest unknown.
Naked Hare’s-ear. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1778. PI. 1^ foot.
* * * Shrubby species. — Tenoria and Buprestis, Spreng. 1. c.
40 B. Mu'nbtii (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 384.)
shrubby, much branched ; leaves linear-setaceous ; umbels 2-3-
rayed ; involucels of 5 narrow lanceolate acute leaves, which
are equal in length to the umbellules ; fruit oblong, smooth. 1£.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lowrer leaves 8 inches
long. B. sulcatum ft Africanum, Berg. cap. 76.? but the um-
bels are said to be 5-rayed, and the involucels of 5 leaves.
Mundt's Hare’s-ear. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
41 B. Sibthorpia'num (Smith, fl. graec. t. 264. prod. 1. p.
179.) plant suffrutescent ; leaves linear, rather falcate, with
smooth margins ; involucra usually of 3 leaves ; leaves of invo-
lucel linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, shorter than the umbellules.
. H. Native of the Morea. A specimen collected near Tehe-
ran agrees very well with the character given to this ; and is pro-
bably the same. Plant only frutescent at the base.
Sibthorp’s Hare’s-ear. Shrub 1 foot.
42 B. spinosum (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 178.) shrubby, erect;
floriferous branches divaricate, stiff: the deflowered ones spi-
nose ; leaves linear-subulate, many veined, quite entire ; invo-
lucra of 3-5 small subulate leaves. Ij . H. Native of Spain
and Mauritania. Gouan. ill. p. 8. t. 2. f. 3. Desf. atl. 1. p. 232.
Tenoria spinosa, Spreng. Ribs of fruit obtuse.
Spinose Hare’s-ear. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1752. Sh. 1 foot.
43 B. frutice'scens (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 269.) suffruticose,
erect ; branches slender, elongated, erect ; leaves linear-subu-
late, stiff, striated, 5-7-nerved ; involucra of 3-5 very short su-
bulate leaves. I? • H. Native of Mauritania, Spain, and be-
tween Perpignan and Narbonne. Cav. icon. 2. t. 106. Tenoria
frutieescens, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 376. — Barr. icon,
t. 1255. Umbels small, 3-5-rayed. Ribs of fruit obtuse.
Frutescent Hare’s-ear. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1752. Sh. 1 ft.
44 B. foliosum (Salzm. pi. exsic. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 133.)
suffrutescent, erect, nearly simple ; leaves sessile, half stem-
clasping, linear-lanceolate, acuminated, undulated, crowded, 1-
nerved, quite entire ; leaves of involucra ovate. b . F. Native
of Mauritania, about Tangiers. Stem a foot high. Leaves broad
and half stem-clasping at the base. Involucra of 3 leaves ; in-
volucels of 4-5 leaves. Fruit ovate, with obtuse ribs.
Leafy Hare’s-ear. Shrub 1 foot.
45 B. ela'tum (Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 316.) plant suffru-
tescent at the base ; branches elongated ; leaves membranous,
many veined : radical ones oblong-lanceolate, tapering into the
petioles: cauline ones sessile, linear-lanceolate; umbels 8-12-
cleft ; involucra of 4-5 short leaves ; leaves of involucels ob-
long, acuminated, longer than the umbellules. Tj . F. Native
of Sicily, on calcareous rocks. Allied to B. planlagbieum, but
the plant is frutescent at the base, and the leaves are acute.
Ribs of fruit smooth.
Tall Hare’s-ear. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
46 B. cane'scens (Schousb. mar. beob. p. 113.) shrubby,
erect, branched ; leaves oblong, membranous, very blunt, quite
entire, sessile, wdth many parallel nerves ; umbels 8-10-rayed;
leaves of involucra oblong, obtuse, short. f?. F. Native of
Mogodor. Branches of a greyish white-colour. Plant glabrous.
Fruit like that of B.fruticosa. Leaves much thinner, and one-
half smaller than those of B. plantagineum.
Canescent Hare’s-ear. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1809. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
47 B. plantagi'neum (Desf. atl. 1. p. 233. t. 57.) shrubby,
erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate, stiff’, coriaceous,
sessile, quite entire, many nerved; umbels 4-1 0-rayed; leaves
of involucra elongated, subulate, acute, f? . F. Native of Mount
Atlas, near Bougie. Tenoria plantaginea, Spreng. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 376. Nerves almost diverging from the base of the
leaves, not parallel.
Plantain- leaved Hare’s-ear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
48 B. Gibralta'rica (Lam. diet. (1784.) 1. p. 520.) shrubby,
erect, branched; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, 1-
nerved, coriaceous, glaucous, oblique, quite entire, sessile; leaves
of involucra lanceolate. J? . F. Native of Gibraltar, on the
UMBELLIFERE. LVI. Bupleurum. LVII. Heteromorpha. LVIII. Lichtensteinia.
301
rocks at Algesira. B. coriaceum, Lher. stirp. nov. fasc. 6.
(1785.) t. G7. B. obliquum, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 24. B. arbo-
rescens, Jacq. icon. rar. 2. t. 351. Tenoria coriacea, Spreng. in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 345. Buprestis coriacea, Spreng. mag. B.
vertic&le, Ort. fl. esp. The whole plant is rather fragrant when
rubbed.
Gibraltar Hare’s-ear. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1784. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
49 B. fruticosum (Lin. spec. 343.) shrubby, erect, branched ;
leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, coriaceous, 1 -nerved,
quite entire, sessile ; leaves of involucra oblong. T? . F. Na-
tive of Portugal, Spain, south of France, Nice, Corsica, Sicily,
Mauritania, and Thessaly. Sibth. fl. graec. t. 263. Wats, dendr.
brit. t. 14. Duham. arbr. 1. t. 43. Jaum. pi. fr. 1. t. 65. Mill,
fig. 74. Tenoria fruticosa, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 376.
Buprestis fruticosa, Spreng. mag. Seseli iEthiopicum, Bauh.
pin. 161. Seseli frhtex, Mor. umb. 16. Ribs of fruit ele-
vated, acute ; vittse broad. Bark of branches purplish. Leaves
of a sea green colour.
Shrubby Hare’s-ear. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1596. Sh. 3 to 6 ft.
50 B. diffo'rme (Lin. spec. 343.) shrubby, erect, branched ;
leaves variable on the same branch, simple or ternate ; leaflets
undivided or cut; umbels terminal, 8-12-rayed; leaves of in-
volucrum linear, acute, much shorter than the peduncles. \ .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. t. 71. f. 1.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 384. Thunb. fl. cap. 248.
Tenoria difformis, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 377. Bu-
prestis difFormis, Spreng. mag. Ribs of fruit rounded and tumid,
lateral ones somewhat dilated; vittae 2-3 in each furrow. This
shrub sends out side branches, which in the spring have on their
lower parts leaves, composed of many small flat leaflets, finely
cut like those of coriander, and of a sea green colour ; these
leaves soon fall off, and the upper part of the branches are closely
covered with long rush-like leaves, having 4 angles, coming out
in clusters from each joint.
Difformed- leaved Hare’s-ear. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1752. Sh.
4 to 6 feet.
f Species not sufficiently known.
51 B. polypiiy'llum (Ledeb. mem. ac. sc. petrop. 5. p. 528.)
stem erect, striated, branched above ; leaves lanceolate, stem-
clasping ; umbels of many unequal rays ; involucrum almost
wanting ; involucels of 6 lanceolate acuminated leaves, which
exceed the fruit. 1/ . H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers said
to be solitary in the axils of the branches.
Many-leaved Hare’s-ear. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft.
52 B.? oppositifolium (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. p. 141.) stem
naked ; branches umbellate ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, obtuse,
nerved ; involucrum almost wanting ; involucels of 5 lanceolate
awned leaves. ©. H. Native of the Pyrenees, at a place called
Trancade d’Ambouilla. This species is very obscure, and very
doubtful whether it is an umbelliferous plant at all.
Opposite-leaved Hare’s-ear. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. All the species grow well in any common garden soil.
The seeds of the annual species only require to be sown in the
open ground early in spring. The herbaceous perennial kinds
are either increased by being divided at the roots, or by seeds ;
and the shrubby species by cuttings.
LVII. HETEROMO'RPHA (from irepoe, heteros, diverse,
and fJLopffii, morphe, form ; leaves). Cham, et Schlecht. in Lin-
nae. 1. p. 385. t. 5. f. 2. D. C. coll, mem. 5. p. 43. prod. 4. p.
134. — Bupleurum species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals roundish, entire, closely involute, ending in a broad retuse
point. Fruit obovate-pyriform, 5-winged ; mericarps of 2 forms ;
the outer one 2-winged, and the inner one 3-winged ; wings
running from the teeth of the calyx, and therefore are the cari-
nal ribs extended; vittae one in each furrow, and 2 in the com-
missure.—A glabrous Cape shrub, with the habit of Bupleurum
fruticosum. Leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, rarely somewhat
triple-nerved, sometimes quite entire, sometimes 3-lobed, tri-
partite or ternate. Umbels of many rays. Involucra and in-
volucels of many short leaves. Flowers yellow as in Bupleurum.
1 H. arbore'scens (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.) Tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Bupleurum arborescens, Thunb.
prod. p. 50. fl. cap. 247. Bupleurum trifoliatum, Wendl. et
Bartl. heitr. 2. p. 13. Tenoria arborescens, Spreng. prod. umb.
Arborescent Heteromorpha. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1810. Sh.
1 to 2 feet.
Cult. Any common soil will answer this shrub ; and cuttings
are easily rooted.
Tribe V.
SESELFNEE (plants agreeing with Seseli in important
characters) or Orthospermse paucijugatae teretiusculae, Koch,
umb. 102. D. C. prod. 4. p. 135. Transverse sections of fruit
terete, or nearly so. Mericarps with 5 equal filiform or winged
ribs : lateral ribs marginating, and often a little broader than
the rest. Seed somewhat teretely convex on the back, and flat-
tish in front. Raphe marginal or submarginal.
LVIII. LICHTENSTEI NIA (in honour of M. Von Lich-
tenstein, Professor of Medicine at Berlin, a celebrated German
botanist). Cbam. et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 1. p. 394. D. C. prod.
4. p. 135. but not of Willd. nor Wendl.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, drawn out into a long acumen, which is bent in
nearly to the base. Fruit nearly terete, variable in length,
crowned by the teeth of the calyx in the immature state, and by
the stylopodium and short spreading styles. Mericarps smooth,
with 5 filiform ribs, lateral ones marginating ; vittae large, soli-
tary under each rib, but none in the commissure nor furrows. —
Perennial herbs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope, yielding an
aromatic juice. Radical leaves cut. Stems erect, fistular, naked,
branched, furnished with sheathing scales or abortive leaves.
Terminal umbels compound, fertile : lateral ones often sterile.
Involucra and involucels of many short marcescent leaves.
Flowers yellow’? This genus from the situation of the vittae
agrees alone with Melanoselinum, but the form of the fruit is
very different.
1 L. la'cera (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 395.) leaves sca-
brous, almost undivided or jagged : lobes irregularly serrated :
serratures setaceously cuspidate ; fruit oblong. 1£.G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope, on the Devil’s mountain. Sieb. pi.
exsic. no. 213. Hennas rudissima, Reichb. in Spreng. syst. 4.
p. 118. CEnanthe exaltata, Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. p.254.
ex herb. Juss. Leaves like those of Eryngium. Umbel 15-
rayed ; involucra of 10 leaves. Immature fruit blackish when
dried.
Jagged- leaved Lichtensteinia. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
2 L. trifida (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 39.) leaves glabrous,
ternate, rarely 2-4 cleft ; leaflets lanceolate, entire or toothed ;
fruit elliptic. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at
Schurfdeberg. CEnanthe obscura, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 890. Um-
bels 10-20-rayed.
Trifid Lichtensteinia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 L. ptrethrifolia (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 397.) leaves
glabrous, pinnatifid : lobes ovate, cut, serrated ; fruit elliptic.
. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the woods of
Ruyterbosch. Sieb. pi. cap. exsic. no. 211. and 222. Bubon
proliferum, Burm. fl. cap. p. 8. CEnanthe inebrians, Thunb.
302
UMBELLIFER7E. LVIII. Lichtensteinia. LIX. Ottoa. LX. CEnanthe.
prod. p. 40. fl. cap. 262. ex Spreng. syst. 4. p. 118. CEnanthe
Capensis, Houtt. ? Sprengel says his plant has rough leaves,
and Thunb. says his is glabrous ; they are, however, only the
same. The plant is called Gli by the Hottentots, and is made
by them into an inebriating liquor.
Pyrethrum-leaved Lichtensteinia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1816.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 L. palma'ta(D. C. prod. 4. p. 135.) leaves pilose on both
surfaces, palmate ; petioles broad, sheathing ; lobes or leaflets
5, oblong, rather cuneated, cartilaginously serrated ; stem terete,
glabrous, sparingly branched ; petiolar sheaths short, leafless ;
fruit ovate. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Palmate- leaved Lichtensteinia. PI. ?
Cult. The species of this genus require to be grown in pots
so as they may easily be sheltered in the winter. Any light soil
will suit them ; and they may be easily increased by dividing at
the root or by seeds.
LIX. OTTOA (in honour of Frederick Otto, superintendent
of the royal botanic garden of Berlin). H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 5. p. 20. t. 423. D. C. prod. 4. p. 136. — CEnanthe
species of Spreng.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals equal, with an indexed point. Styles arcuately divari-
cate, capitellate at the apex. Fruit oblong; mericarps acutely
5-ribbed, rather compressed at the commissure ; ribs membra-
nous.— Smooth perennial herbs. Stems simple, with few leaves.
Leaves (phyllodia?) sheathing at the base, intercepted by trans-
verse dissepiments. Umbels terminal, without any involucra, of
many rays. Umbellules without involucels. Flowers white,
polygamous, 3-4, hermaphrodite, and 6-7 male in each umbel-
lule. This genus is allied to CEnanthe, but differs in the margin
of the calyx being obsolete, not 5-toothed ; in the petals being
entire, and in the styles being divaricate.
1 O. cenanthoides (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) 1/ . G. Native
of Quito, between St. Vincent and Ybarra. CEnanthe Quitensis,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 888. Herb very like Tiedemdnia teretifblia,
but the generic character is different, and the involucrum is
wanting.
CEnanthe-lilce Ottoa. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. Any soil will suit this plant, and it may either be in-
creased by seed or by dividing at the root.
LX. CENA'NTHE (from olvoq, oinos, wine, and ar6oQ,anthos,
a flower ; odour). Lam. diet. 4. p. 526. ill. t. 203. Lag. am.
nat. 2. p. 96. Koch, umb. p. 112. diss. ined. in litt. 1828. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 136. — CEnanthe and Phellandrium, Lin. gen. no.
352. and 353. Hoffm. umb. p. 73. — CEnanthe species of Spreng.
prod. p. 37.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
permanent, somewhat accrete after flowering. Petals obovate,
emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium conical. Fruit
cylindrically ovate, crowned by the long erect styles. Meri-
carps with 5 rather convex obtuse ribs : lateral ribs marginating,
and a little broader than the rest ; vittae one in each furrows
Carpophore indistinct — Smooth usually aquatic herbs, natives
of Europe and Asia. Umbels compound. Involucra variable,
usually wanting ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers in the
rays of the umbellules on long pedicels sterile ; those in the
disk on short pedicels fertile ; petals white. The species of this
genus are difficult to extricate, in consequence of the roots
having been neglected by the authors who have described them.
§ 1 . True species, natives of Europe , tyc. but not of the Cape
of Good Hope.
* Plants perennial. Roots tuberous ; tubers disposed in fas-
cicles.
1 CE. fistulosa (Lin. spec. 365.) roots fasciculate, intermixed
with oblong tubers ; neck of root throwing out stolons ; stems
and leaves fistular ; radical leaves bipinnate : leaflets cuneated,
lobed ; cauline leaves pinnate : leaflets filiform ; umbels 3-4-
rayed, without any involucrum ; fruit turbinate, much crowded,
ribbed, ’ll . H. Native of Europe and Caucasus, in ditches,
ponds, and other watery places ; plentiful in Britain. Drev. et
Heyne. pi. europ. 5. t. 98. Fl. dan. t. 846. Smith, engl. bot. t.
363. O. aquatica, Bauh. pin. 162. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 192. f.
1. — Petiv. herb. brit. t. 25. f. 5. and 6. There is a variety of
this whose roots are composed of whorles of fibres. The plant
has an unpleasant smell, and a hot nauseous taste, like many
other umbelliferous plants. The roots and whole herbage are
said to be poisonous. Flowers pale red.
Far. /3, Taberncemontani (Koch, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 136.)
radical leaves divided into many linear segments. . H. Na-
tive of Alsatia, in inundated places. O. Taberncemontani, Gmel.
fl. bad. 1. p. 676. exclusive of the syn. of Poll.
Far. y? lanceolata (Spreng. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 136.) radi-
cal leaves pinnate or bipinnate : leaflets or segments linear-lan-
ceolate ; umbels bifid. %. H. Native of Mauritania, in humid
places on the sea shore near Lacalle. CE. lanceolata, Poir. suppl.
4. p. 135. CE. fistulosa, Poir. voy. 2. p. 137.
Fistular or Common Water-dropwort. Fl. June, Aug. Britain.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 CE. Lachena'lii (Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 678.) fibres of roots
cylindrical, rather fleshy, in fascicles ; radical leaves somewhat
bipinnate : leaflets cuneiform, obtuse, tridentate at the apex ;
cauline leaves pinnate: leaflets linear, entire ; involucra wanting,
or of few leaves. 7/ • H. Native of the north of Italy, Germany,
valleys of the Rhine, in humid meadows ; and of Caucasus, in
marshes towards the Caspian sea between Sallian and Lenkeran.
Koch, umb. p. 113. CE. pimpinelloides, Poll. pall. 1. p. 291.
but not of Lin. CE. Rhenana, D. C. suppl. p. 506. CE. Mega-
politiina, Willd. berl. mag. 3. p. 297. CE. gymnorhiza, Brignoli,
pi. forojul. 21. CE. Jordan!, Tenore, add. 1827.? Styles white
after flowering.
Far. \ S, approximata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 137.) radical leaves
pinnate ; leaflets or segments trifid, obtuse, cuneated at the
base. 2£. H. Native about Paris, in humid meadows. O.
approximata, Mer. fl. par. 115. D. C. suppl. p. 507.
Far. y, involucrata (D. C. 1. c.) involucrum of many leaves.
%. H. CE. peucedanifolia, Schleich. pi. exsic. CE. Rhenana,
Moricand, fl. ven. p. 149. In some specimens the involucrum
is absent. Fruit ovate, striated; pedicels not thickened after
flowering.
La Chenal's Water-dropwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
3 CE. peucedanifolia (Poll. pal. 1. p. 289. f. 3.) tubers of
roots sessile, elliptic, ending in a fibre each at the apex ; radical
leaves bipinnate : cauline ones pinnate ; lobes or leaflets all
linear; umbels 5-8-rayed ; involucrum wanting, or of 1 leaf:
fruit oblong, attenuated at the base, nearly sessile, coarctate
beneath the calyx. %. H. Native of middle Europe, in mea-
dows, ditches, and bogs ; as in France, Switzerland, &c. In
England, near Bury ; about Bedford ; on the banks of the Isis,
beyond Isley ; and in peat bogs, under Headington Wick Copse,
Oxfordshire. Umbellules dense, many-flowrered, surrounded by
the many leaves of the involucels, which are of equal length. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 348. CE. filipenduloides, Thuill. fl. par. p. 146. CE.
PolHchii, Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 679. CE. peucedanoides, Roth. CE.
patens, Mcench. — Lob. icon. 729. f. 2. — Dalech. hist. 773. f. 1.
Flowers often reddish. The roots taste like the garden pars-
nip, but are probably dangerous food ; yet they are not reckoned
poisonous, though the roots of other species are virulent.
Sulphur-wort- leaved Water-dropwort. Fl. Ju. Brit. PI. 1^ ft.
UMBELLIFERjE. LX. CEnanthe.
30,3
4 CE. silaifolia (Bieb. suppl. p. 2 32.) knobs of roots of an
oblong-fusiform shape, or cylindrical, fasciculate; leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets of the lower leaves lanceolate : of the upper ones
linear ; involucra almost wanting ; fruit ovate, crowded, sessile,
hardly longer than the involucel. 7/ . H. Native of the south
of Tauria and Caucasus, in humid places ; Montpelier, at Mire-
val ; Geneva ; Germany at Fuessen. CE. virgata, Koch, in litt.
and perhaps of Poir. CE. tenuifolia, Froel. in litt. and is some-
times to be found in gardens, under the name of CE.glauca;
the whole plant being rather glaucous. Perhaps truly distinct
from CE. peucedanifolia.
Silaus-leaved Water-dropwort. FI. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI.
2 feet.
5 CE. pimpinelloi'des (Lin. spec. 365.) roots of several
slender, fleshy, cylindrical fibres, which are dilated into ovate-
globose tubers at the apex ; radical leaves bipinnate ; leaflets
cuneated, cut ; cauline leaves pinnate ; leaflets of the cauline
leaves elongated, linear, and entire ; involucra of many linear
leaves ; fruit cylindrical, striated, callous at the base, longer
than the pedicels, which are thick and short. 1/. H. Native
of Europe, in salt marshes. In Britain, as Quaplod, near Salp-
ing, Lincolnshire; near Aber, North Wales ; Cambridgeshire;
also in Galloway, the Isle of Arran, and other parts of Scotland.
Stem cylindrical, hollow, slightly branched. Flowers of a pale
flesh colour.
Var. a, cheer ophylloides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 137.) tubers hanging
by long fibres. 7/. H. CE. chaerophylloides, Pourr. act. tol. 3.
p. 323. — CE. pimpinelloides, Smith, engl. bot. 347. Jacq. aust.
t. 394. CE. australis, Wulf. CE. Karsthia, Hacq. earn. t. 3.?
— Bauh. hist. 3. p. 191. f. 1. Mor. ox. sect. 9. t. 7. f. 3. Cam.
epit. 610. icon. Smith says the roots are of several slender,
tapering, fleshy tubercles, intermixed with fibres.
Var. /3, pimpinellcef olia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 137.) tubers on
short peduncles, intermixed with fibres. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 191.
f. 2. CE. pimpinelloides, Lam. diet. 4. p. 528. and probably
of many other authors. CE. virgata, Poir. voy. 2. p. 138.
Spreng. umb. 105.
Pimpernel-like Water-dropwort. FI. Jul. Brit. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
6 CE. callosa (Salzm. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 137.) roots
unknown ; stem branched, striated ; lower leaves bipinnate :
leaflets ovate, deeply serrated ; upper leaves pinnate : leaflets
lanceolate-linear, acuminated ; umbels of many rays ; involu-
crum almost wanting ; fruit cylindrically-oblong, striated, cal-
lous at the base and apex, longer than the pedicels, which are
thick. 1/ . H. Native about Tangiers. This species differs
from CE. apiif'olia in the fruit being callous, and from CE.pim-
pinelloides in the involucrum being almost wanting. Fruit
crowded in the umbellules.
Callous-fruited Water-dropwort. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
7 CE. apiifolia (Brot. fl. lus. p. 420. phyt. t. 33.) knobs of
roots sessile, oblong-fusiform ; stem branched, furrowed : leaves
bipinnate or tripinnate : leaflets wedge-shaped, deeply serrated ;
upper leaves pinnate, with narrower leaflets ; umbels of many
rays ; involucrum almost wanting ; fruit cylindrically-oblong,
striated, longer than the pedicels. %. H. Native of Portugal,
Corsica, &c. Willd. enum. p. 316. Spreng. in Schultes, syst.
vol. 6. Stems purplish, particularly at the joints, by which it
may be known at first sight from CE. crocata, to which it is very
nearly allied, and from which it only differs in the involucrum
being almost absent. Plant strong, very poisonous, abounding
in less orange-coloured juice than CE. crocata.
Celery-leaved Water-dropwort. Fl. July. Clt. 1806. PI.
2 to 5 feet.
8 CE. croca'ta (Lin. spec. p. 365.) knobs of roots oblong or
elliptic, sessile ; stem branched, furrowed ; leaves all bipinnate ;
leaflets wedge-shaped, deeply toothed ; umbels of many rays ;
involucra and involucels of many leaves ; fruit linear-oblong,
with slender intermediate ribs, longer than the pedicels. 7/ . H.
Native of Europe, common. Plentiful in Britain, in watery
places, osier holts, and about the banks of rivers. Jacq. vind. 3.
t. 55. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2313. Bull. herb. t. 113. Woodv.
suppl. med. bot. t. 267. — Lob. icon. t. 730. — Mor. ox. sect. 9.
t. 7. f. 2. — Matt. valg. 2. p. 220. f. 1. Leaves of involucra and
involucels various in number and shape. Flowers white, tinged
with purple. Plant strong. Roots abounding with an acrid, fetid,
very poisonous saffron- coloured juice, such as exudes less plen-
tifully from all parts of the herb, when wounded. Brood mares
sometimes eat the root, according to Sir Thomas Franklin, and are
poisoned by it. Ehret, the celebrated botanical draughtsman, ex-
perienced a giddiness from the scent of the herb. Dr. Pultney
remarks, that the root is one of the most virulent poisons of all
the vegetable poisons that Great Britain produces. In West-
morland the country people apply a poultice of the herb to the
ulcer which forms in the fore part of the cleft of the hoof in
horned cattle, which is called the foul. It may be safely used ex-
ternally, but internally it should be taken with caution, as is
evident from the accounts given above, and others recited by
Mr. Howell and Sir William Watson, in the Philosophical Trans-
actions. The former of these says that two French prisoners at
Pembroke died by eating the root, that the inhabitants call it
five-fingered root, and that it is much used there in cataplasms.
In the same Transactions, a case is related of eight young lads
near Clonmel in Ireland, where the plant is called tahow, mis-
taking its roots for the mater-parsnip : five of them died. Mr.
Miller informed Sir William Watson that a whole family wer-e
poisoned with it at Battersea. The more caution is neces-
sary respecting this plant, because it is not uncommon in some
places, its appearance and smell resemble smallage or celery,
and the roots have not any flavour disagreeable enough to deter
persons from eating them.
>SV{^m-coloured-juiced or Hemlock Water-dropwort. Fl. Jul.
Britain. PI. 2 to 5 feet.
9 CE. sarmentosa (Presl, in herb. Haenk. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 138.) root unknown ; stems branched, weak, rather scandent;
leaves bipinnate: leaflets ovate, toothed: terminal ones some-
what 3-lobed ; umbels opposite the leaves, of many rays ; in-
volucrum wanting ; fruit oblong ; styles very long. . H.
Native of North America, at Nootka Sound. Leaves nearly as
in CE. crocata, but the umbels are those of CE. phellandrium.
Root unknown, and therefore its proper situation among the
species is doubtful.
Sarmentose Water-dropwort. PI. sarmentose.
10 CE. globulosa (Lin. spec. 365.) knobs of roots oblong,
attenuated at the base, but ending in an elongated fibre each at
the apex ; radical leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, cut ;
cauline leaves pinnate, with linear leaflets ; umbel 5-6-rayed,
without any involucrum ; fruit nearly globose, sessile (the pro-
per pedicels being almost wanting) spongy, with thick, obtuse
ribs, and small furrows. 7/. H. Native of Etruria, Maurita-
nia, Spain, Portugal, &c. in meadows. Gouan. ill. p. 18. t. 9.
Spreng. umb. spec. p. 106. CE. diffusa, Lag. gen. et spec. p.
13. ex Spreng. Stem compressed at the base, diffuse. Fruit
larger than in any other species of the genus. Umbels on long
peduncles.
G7o6w/ar-headed Water-dropwort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1710.
PI. 1-^ foot.
11 CE. proli'fera (Lin. spec. p. 365.) knobs of roots fusiform,
sessile ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets cuneated, lobately toothed ;
umbels capitate, without an involucrum ; outer pedicels of the
umbel flat, branched, proliferous; fruit turbinate, 10-ribbed:
ribs thick : furrows deep. 7/ . H. Native of Candia, Calabria,
Lycia, Dalmatia, Carniola. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 62. — P. Alp.
304
UMBELLIFERiE. LX. CEnanthe. LXI. Annesorhiza.
p. 304. with a figure and p. 305. with a description. — Mor. ox.
sect. 9. t. 7. f. 5.
Proft/crows-umbelled Water-dropwort. FI. June, Aug. Clt.
1739. ' PI. li to 2 feet.
* * Annual or biennial plants, with fibrous roots.
12 QE. Phella/ndrium (Lam. fl.fr. 3. p. 432.) root fusiform,
with many whorled fibres ; stem furrowed, fistular, branched ;
leaves stalked, repeatedly pinnate, with innumerable, fine, ex-
panded, dark green, narrow, wedge-shaped, cut, shining, acute,
divaricate leaflets ; umbels opposite the leaves, on short tumid
peduncles, without involucra ; involucels of many narrow,
taper-pointed leaves ; fruit ovate, with 5 broad ribs, and narrow
intermediate furrows, rather shorter than the pedicels. $ . H.
Native of Europe, Tauria, and Siberia, in rivers, ditches, and
lakes ; plentiful in some parts of Britain, as in ditches in Bat-
tersea-fields, near London ; and near Edinburgh. Phellandrium
aquaticum, Lin. spec. 366. FI. dan. t. 1154. Smith, engl. bot.
t. 684. Schkuhr, handb. t. 71. Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 71. descript,
and icon. t. 1. f. 17. Hayne, arz. gew. 1. t. 40. Nees. off. pfl.
14. t. 6. Woodv. med. bot. suppl. 266. Bull. fr. t. 147.
Erh. pi. off. 24. CE. aquatica, Lam. diet. 4. p. 530. Ligusti-
cum phellandrium, Crantz. hort. fasc. 3. p. 84. Cicutaria pa-
lustris, Ger. emac. 1063. f. 1. Lob. icon. 735. f. 1. Phellandrium,
Dod. pempt. 591. f. 1. Roth always writes the old name phe-
landrium, which agrees with an etymology hazarded by Sir
James Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 27. from (j>r)\ew, to be trea-
cherous, alluding to the poisonous nature of the plant ; v, kvvoq, kyon, kynos,
a dog, and aiaabiov, skiadion, an umbel). D. C. coll. mem. 5.
p. 44. t. 11. prod. 4. p. 140.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, subu-
late, permanent (f. 63. e.). Petals obovate, nearly elliptic, ob-
tuse, entire, flat, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium conical,
permanent ; styles very short, reflexed. Fruit oval-oblong or
ovate (f. 63. b.), attenuated at the apex ; meriearps with 5
thick, corky ribs (f. 63. a.), 2 lateral ribs marginating ; vittae
nearly straight, 1 in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure.
Seed sub-semiterete. Carpophore bipartite. — American gla-
brous herbs. Stems angular, fistular, branched a foot high
and more, with very few leaves. Leaves pinnate or palmate ;
leaflets linear, elongated, entire, articulated near the base, at
which places the leaflets fall off: lower and upper ones un-
divided, linear, and elongated. Involucra and involucels of
many leaves. Flowers white. — This is an intermediate genus
between CEn&nthe and JEthusa, but it differs from both, and
from all its allies in the petals being flat and entire ; it differs
particularly from JEthusa in the calyx being 5-toothed, in the
vittae of the commissure being straightish, and in the involucra
and involucels being of many leaves ; from Seseli in the stylo-
podium being conical ; and from CEnanthe in the carpophore
being distinct.
1 C. digita'tum (D.C. 1. c. t.
11. f. A.) leaves palmate; leaflets
3, linear, quite entire ; fruit ovate
at the base, but attenuated at the
neck. — Native of North America,
on plains of the Arkansa River.
CEnanthe digitata, Nutt. mss.
Umbels few-flowered. Involu-
crum of a few unequal leaves :
leaves of involucel subulate, very
short. Rays of umbel very
lonS\
.Digitate-leaved Cynosciadium.
PI. 1 to 1|- foot.
2 C. pinna'tum (D. C. 1. c.
t. 11. f. B.) leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets distant, few pairs, linear,
quite entire : terminal one very long ; fruit oval-oblong. — Na-
tive of North America, along with the preceding species.
Ethusa pir.nata, Nutt. mss. Pedicels a little longer than the
leaves of the involucel. Leaves of involucrum 7-8, nearly
equal, linear-subulate.
Pinnate-leaved Cynosciadium. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in the open ground, and the plants will
rise and flower and seed freely.
LXV. ETHU'SA (from aidin, aitho, to burn ; acrid taste).
Lin. gen. no. 141. exclusive of some species. Hoffm. umb.
p. 95. t. 1. f. 5. Spreng. prod. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 96. Koch,
umb. p. 111. D.C. prod. 4. p. 141. — Wepferia, Heist.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones
radiating. Fruit ovate-globose; meriearps with 5 elevated,
thick, acutely keeled ribs : lateral ribs marginal, and a little
broader than the rest, girded by a somewhat winged keel ; vittae
1 in each furrow, and with 2 arched ones in the commissure.
Seed semi-globose. Carpophore bipartite. — Erect, annual, poi-
sonous herbs. Leaves uniform, multifid. Involucrum wanting
Rr
306
UMBELLIFER.E. LXV. Aythusa. LXVI. Fceniculum.
or of 1 leaf ; involucels of 3 or 5 spreading, or pendulous, seta-
ceous leaves, situated on the outside of the umbellules, that is,
unilateral. Flowers white. Three species of this genus are
admitted, but they are probably only varieties of one.
1 IE. cyna'vium (Lin. spec. p. 367.) leaflets wedge-shaped,
decurrent, with lanceolate segments ; rays of umbel nearly
equal ; involucrum wanting ; involucels of 3 leaves, which are
longer than the umbellules. ©. H. Native throughout the
whole of Europe, in cultivated grounds : a common weed.
Smith, engl. hot. 1192. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 18. Bull. herb,
t. 91. Hayn. arz. gew. 1. t. 35. Hoffm. umb. p. 97. Cori-
andrum cynapium, Crantz, fl. aust. p. 221. Cicuta cynapium,
Targ. ist. bot. Cynapium, Riv. pentap. irr. t. 76. Cicutaria
tenuifolia, Raii, syn. 215. C. fatua, Lob. icon. 2. p. 280. f. 1.
Herb erect, lurid green, fetid, and reckoned dangerous. Great
carelessness can alone cause this weed to be mistaken for garden
parsley ; yet such an accident sometimes happens. The 3 long
pendulous bracteas under each umbellule distinguish it from all
its tribe. Dr. Bigelow, of Boston in New England, observed
this ALthusa to be without scent in America, but seeds trans-
mitted by him produced plants with the same nauseous garlick
flavour as those of Great Britain. Some curious facts of a
similar nature have been observed. The flowers of Hesperis
matronalis are said to lose their scent in America, after the first
generation.
Dog’ s-poison, or Common Fool’s-parsley. Fl. July, Aug.
Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 IE. cynapioi'des (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 227. suppl. p. 233.)
segments of the leaves oblong, acute ; rays of umbel nearly
equal ; involucrum wanting ; involucel of 3 leaves, which are
shorter than the umbellule ; vittae in the commissure contiguous
at the base. ©. H. Native of the Ukrane, in shady places.
Hoffm. ed. 2. p. 98. and 205. and tit. f. 9. Very nearly allied
to the first species, but differs in being larger, more branched,
and 3 feet in height, or more.
Cynapium-like Fool’s-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 IE. ela'ta (Friedlander, ex Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1813. p.
45.) segments of the leaves bluntish ; involucrum usually of 1
leaf; involucels of 1-3 leaves, which are longer than the um-
bellules ; outer rays of umbel longest ; pedicels twice the length
of the fruit. ©. FI. Native of Podolia. Hoffm. umb. ed.
2. p. 98. Besser. enum. p. 54. Horn. cat. 4. hort. hafn.
suppl. p. 34. Petals white, not as in JE. cynapium, greenish
at the base. Styles purple after flowering. The plant is said
to be edible, and not poisonous as the others.
Tall Fool’s-parsley. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground.
LXVI. FfENI'CULUM (the Latin name of the fennel, from
fcenum, hay ; the smell of the plant resembling that of hay).
Adans. fam. 2. p. 101. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 105. t. 23. Hoffm.
umb. p. 120. t. 1. f. 13. e. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 99. Koch,
umb. p. 112. D. C. prod. 4. p. 142. — •An&thum species of
Lin. — Meum species of Spreng.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx tumid,
obsolete, toothless. Petals roundish, entire, involute, with a
rather square retuse point. Transverse section of fruit nearly
terete ; mericarps with 5 prominent, bluntly keeled ribs : lateral
ribs marginal, and a little broader than the rest ; vittae 1 in each
furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Seed somewhat semi-terete.
-—Biennial or perennial herbs. Roots fusiform. Stems terete,
striated, branched. Leaves triply pinnate, decompound : with
linear, setaceous leaflets. Involucraand involucels almost wanting.
Flowers yellow. — This genus differs from Anethum with which
it was formerly combined, by the mericarps being more turgid :
1
having the margin rather more compressed than the back ; and
the transverse section of the fruit is therefore nearly terete, or
with the margin rather compressed.
1 F. vulga're (Ray, syn. 217. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 105.)
stem terete at the base ; leaves bipinnate, distich ; leaflets awl-
shaped, drooping ; umbels 13-20-rayed ; involucra and invo-
lucels wanting. H. Native of Europe, in exposed, uncul-
tivated places ; in Britain, on chalky cliff’s, very plentiful ; and
of Caucasus, near Baku, and in the plains between Sallian and
Lenkeron. Anethum Foeniculum, Lin. spec. 722. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 1208. Mill. fig. t. 13. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 18. Foe-
mculum officinale, All. pedem. no. 1359. Meum Fceniculum,
var. a, Spreng. prod. p. 32. and in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 433.
Ligusticum Foeniculum, Roth. germ. 1. p. 124. Fceniculum,
Math, valgr. 2. p. 135. f. 1. Cam. epit. p. 534. f. 1. The taste
and aromatic flavour of this our garden fennel are well known,
and has long been an inmate of our gardens. The tender stalks
are used in salads ; the leaves boiled enter into many fish sauces.
The sweet and warm seeds are a common carminative medicine
for infants. The blanched stalks of the next species, F. dulce,
called jinocchio, are eaten with oil, vinegar, and pepper, as a cold
salad, and they are likewise sometimes put into soups. This
thickened part is blanched by earthing up, and is then very
tender. “ Owing to the peculiar nature of this species,” Mr.
Neill observes, “ it is more tender than the common fennel,
and often perishes in the course of the winter. Misled by this
circumstance, several horticultural writers describe it as an
annual plant, under the name of Anethum segetum.” All are
raised from seed, of which half an ounce is sufficient for a seed-
bed 4 feet by 6 feet. Sometimes also they are raised from
offsets from the old plants, where only a few are wanted. Sow
in the spring in light earth, either in drills from 6-12 inches
apart, or broad cast and raked in. When the plants are 3 or 4
inches high, thin or transplant a quantity 15 inches asunder.
As the roots of old plants divide into offsets, these may be slipped
off in spring, summer, or autumn, and planted a foot apart.
They will produce immediate leaves for present supply and in
continuance ; or for immediate larger supply of leaves, you may
procure some established full roots, and plant as above ; let
them be well watered. The same plants remain several years
by the root ; but as fennel sends up strong stems for seed in
summer, these, or a part of them, should be cut down, to encou-
rage a production of young leaves below in succession. It is
apt to spread more than is desirable, if suffered to seed. The
swelling stems of the Fin'occluo or F. dulce, when of some toler-
able substance, should be earthed up on each side 5 or 6 inches
to blanch them white and tender. This will be effected in 10
days or a fortnight ; and by successive sowings or cutting down
plants during summer, successive crops of blanched stalks may
be had from June to December. In procuring seed, permit
some of the best flower-stems to shoot ; and they will produce
large umbels of seeds in autumn.
Common Fennel. Fl. Jul. Aug. Brit. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
2 F. du'lce (C. Bauh. pin. p. 147.) stem rather compressed
at the base ; radical leaves rather distich : leaves all tripinnate ;
with capillary elongated leaflets ; umbels 6-8-rayed. $ . H.
Native of Italy, and Portugal, where it is cultivated for the sake
of the blanched stalks, under the name of Finocchio. Finocchio
dulce, Targ. cors. agr. 2. p. 52. Anethum dulce, D. C. cat.
hort. monsp. p. 78. Foeniculum dulce, &c. J. Bauh. hist. 3.
p. 4. with a figure. It differs from the preceding species in
being hardly a foot high, in the earlier florescence, in the darker
hue, in the stalks being edible, and in the characters given
above. The use of this kind of fennel is given above with the
common fennel.
Sweet Fennel or Finocchio. Fl. May, June. Clt.? PI. 1 ft.
UMBELLIFERiE. LXVI. Fceniculum. LXVII. Kundmannia. LXVIII. Deverra. LXIX. Sora'nthus.
307
3 F. piperi tum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 142.) stem terete; leaflets
subulate, very short, stiff, thick; umbels 8-10-rayed. 1/ . H.
Native of the south of Europe, especially in Sicily, Sardinia,
Portugal, &c. Anethum Fceniculum (3, piperitum, D. C. cat.
hort. monsp. p. 79. Meum piperitum, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 435.
Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 345. Fceniculum asininum, Cup. hort.
cath. 79. ex Bert. The plant is called Finocchio d’asino, or
Asses' finocchio, by the Sicilians ; it has a hot biting taste, hence
the specific name.
Pepper Fennel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 4 to 6 ft.
4 F. Panmo'rium (D.C. prod. 4. p. 142.) stem erect, branched ;
leaves supra-decompound ; umbels of 10-12 unequal rays ; fruit
oblong, deeply furrowed, destitute of wings. ©. H. Native
of the East Indies, where it is cultivated under the name of
Panmuhooree or Mudhoorika. Anethum Panmorium, Roxb.
hort. beng. p. 22. journ. bot. 1814. vol. 2. p. 188. Said to be
very like common fennel.
Panmuhoree Fennel. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
5 F. Cape'nse (D. C. 1. c.) root fleshy ; radical leaves tri-
pinnate ; leaflets filiform, setaceously acuminated, fastigiate. —
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the interior of the country.
Anethum Fceniculum, Thunb. prod. p. 51. Anethum Capense,
Thunb. fl. cap. 262. Root esculent. Flowers unknown. Cha-
misso and Schlechtendal refer to this the A'pium radice crassa
aromatica of Burm. afr. p. 197. t. 72. f. 1.
Cape Fennel. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
Cult. See the first species for the culture and propagation of
the rest.
LXVII. KUNDMA'NNIA (Kundmann, a botanist known to
Scopoli). Scop. intr. (1777.) p. 116. no. 332. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 143. — Brignolia, Bertol. in Desv. journ. 4. (1815.) p. 76.
amoen. ital. 97. Koch, umb. p. 107. — Campderia, Lag. am. nat.
2. p. 99. (1821.)
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
increased a little after flowering. Petals roundish, entire, invo-
lute, with a broad retuse segment : stylopodium conical ; styles
short, somewhat reflexed. Fruit terete, 10-furrowed ; mericarps
with 5 filiform, obtuse, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginal ; vittae
many, both in the furrows and commissure. Carpophore undi-
vided. A glabrous perennial herb. Root fusiform. Radical
leaves rarely undivided, but usually pinnate, or bipinnate ; leaf-
lets ovate or lanceolate, serrated; upper leaves ternate, and jagged.
Umbels compound, terminal, of many rays. Involucra and invo-
lucels of many filiform reflexed leaves. Flowers yellow. This
genus is very nearly allied to Fceniculum, but differs in the calyx
being 5-toothed and permanent.
1 K. SIcuea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 143.). 1(.H. Native of the
Balearic Islands, Spain, Mauritania, Corsica, Sicily ; and in Italy
in waste fields about Rome, and on hills about Genoa ; and the
islands of the Archipelago, as in Melos, Samos, & c. SiumSiculum,
Lin. spec. 362. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 133. D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 507.
Ligusticum Balearicum, Lin. mant. 218. Brignolia pastinacae-
folia, Bert, in Desv. journ. 4. p. 76. amcen. 97. Mauri, fasc.
rom. alt. p. 8. t. 2. Presl. delic. p. 132. Guss. prod. fl. sic.
1. p. 387. Campderia Sicula, Lag. 1. c. Myrrhis Sicula pastina-
cifolia et pastinacae foliis late virentibus, Tourn. herb. Athaman-
ta Sicula Ucria, hort. panorm. p. 137. p. 542. Slum Grae'cum,
Lin. hort. cliff. 98. ? Sieb. pi. exsic. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 542.
Zan. hist. ed. Mont. 171. t. 128. There are varieties of this
plant, having the leaves of the involucels either the length of
tbe umbellules, or one half shorter than them.
Sicilian Kundmannia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1686. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. — The plant will grow in any soil, and is easily increased
by dividing at the root, or by seed.
LXVIII. DEVE RRA (a goddess worshipped by the ancients
for encouraging housewifery, or rather the goddess of brooms ;
the plant having much the appearance of a broom,) D. C. coll,
mem. 5. p. 45. prod. 4. p. 143. Bubon species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
lete. Petals ovate, acuminated, with an inflexed point. Styles
short, at length divaricate. Fruit ovate, or roundish, rather com-
pressed from the sides, rough from scales or spreading pili ; meri-
carps semi-terete, with obsolete ribs ; vittae 1 in each furrow, and
2 in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite. — Aromatic, leafless,
glaucous, stiff, broom-like subshrubs, natives of Africa. Pe-
tioles sheathing, permanent ; limbs of leaves wanting in the adult
plants, or nearly so ; but in young plants they are small and
many-parted, with setaceously linear leaves. Umbels of few
rays. Involucra of 4-6 small deciduous leaves ; involucels of
4-6 ovate-lanceolate, deciduous leaves, with membranous mar-
gins. Flowers white.
Sect. I. Diverra'ria (an alteration from the generic name).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 143. Fruit villous or hispid.
1 D. aphy'lla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 143.) stems twiggy ; sheaths
all bereft of tbe limbs ; fruit very hispid. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, at Warmwaterberg. Bubon aphyllus,
Cham, et Schlecht. 1. p. 389.
Var. (3, Burchellii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 143.) young fruit beset
with short, tubercular villi. . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Very like the species, but the fruit is much less
villous, and is therefore perhaps distinct.
Leafless Diverra. Shrub.
2 D. tortuosa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 143.) stem much branched,
twisted, divaricate ; lower sheaths furnished with divided limbs,
bearing subulate leaflets ; fruit sparingly villous, • F. Native
of the north of Africa.
Var. a, virgata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 143.) stem twiggy, bent a
little. Tj . F. Native of the kingdom of Tunis, near Kerouan.
Bhbon tortuosus, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 357. t. 73. Poir. suppl. 1.
p. 733.
Var. (3, rigidior (D. C. prod. 4. p. 144.) stem much branched,
stiff. ^ . F. Native of Egypt, at the Pyramids. Bubon tor-
tuosus, Sieb. herb, egypt. Crithmum Pyrenaicum, Forsk. ex
Delile, ill. fl. eg. p. 10. Athamantha tortuosa, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 900.
Twisted Diverra. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 foot.
Sect. II. Pitura'nthos (from irirvpov, pituron, scurf, and
on-floc, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the fruit bearing scurf-
like scales). D.C. prod. 4. p. 144. Fruit covered with scales.
3 D. pitura'nthos (D. C. 1. c.) stem twiggy ; branches elon-
gated, leafless, but furnished with sheaths ; involucra, involucels,
and fruit covered with scurf-like scales. T? • F. Native of Ly-
bia, in the north of Africa. Pithurantlios denudatus, Viv. fl.
lib. p. 15. t. 7. f. 1-2. Bunium pituranthos, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 901. Habit nearly of D. tortuosa.
Scurfy-flowered Diverra. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult . A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit the species
of Diverra ; and they can only be increased by seeds.
LXIX. SORA'NTHUS (from atnpog, soros, aheap, and av6og,
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the close capitate umbels of
flowers). Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 82. fl. alt. 1. p. 344. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 669.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obso-
letely toothed. Petals broad-oval, permanent, with an inflexed
point. Fruit a little compressed from the back, crowned by the
divaricate styles : the transverse section elliptic ; mericarps with
5 hardly prominent, equal ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; vittae
1 in each furrow, and 4 in the commissure. Carpophore bipar-
R r 2
308
UMBELLIFERAL LXIX. Sorantiius. LXX. Seseli.
tite. — An erect herb, with a habit between Seseli and CEnanthe,
but differs from the first in the teeth of the calyx being obso-
lete, in the petals being broad-ovate, not obovate, and in the
ribs of the fruit being less prominent; and from the last in the
shape of the petals, in the styles and in the carpophore being
present.
1 S. Meye'ri (Led. l.c.). 1/ . H. Native of Siberia, at the
river Irtysch, not far from the lake called Noor-Saisan ; and at
the river Bekin, in sandy places. Root fusiform. Stem erect,
striated, simple at the base, and usually bearing 3-4 verticillate
branches at the apex ; branches leafless, or furnished with mem-
branous scales in the middle. Radical leaves 3-4, tripinnate :
leaflets linear; cauline leaves 1-2. Umbels of 10-15 rays, of
these 4 are longer than the rest. Involucra wanting, rarely
of 1 leaf ; involucels of G-8 leaves, which are ovate-lanceolate,
pilose on the outside, and ciliated, shorter than the umbellules.
Flowers sessile in the umbellules : outer ones female : interme-
diate ones hermaphrodite : central ones male.
Meyer's Soranthus. PI. 1|- to 3 feet.
Cult. This plant will grow in any soil, and is easily increased
by seed.
LXX. SE'SELI ( Scycelyous is the Arabic name of an umbel-
liferous plant, but to what plant it was given is now unknown).
Lin. gen. no. 560. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 103. D. C. coll. mem.
5. p. 46. t. 3. f. R. prod. 4. p. 144. — Seseli and Bubon species,
Spreng. — Seseli species, Koch.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed ;
teeth short, thickish, and sometimes obliterated. Petals ob-
ovate, coarctate into an indexed point at the apex, emarginate or
nearly entire. Fruit oval or oblong (f. 55. D. a. E. a.), with
the transverse section nearly terete, and crowned by the styles,
wdiich are reflexed (f. 55. D.b. E. b .) ; mericarps with 5 pro-
minent filiform or elevated thick corky ribs ; lateral ribs mar-
ginating, and a little broader than the rest ; vittae one in each
furrow, but there are sometimes 2 in the outer furrows, and always
2 in the commissure, but very rarely 4. Seed somewhat semi-te-
rete.— Usually glaucous biennial or perennial herbs. Leaves pin-
nate or ternately decompound. Involucrum wanting or almost so ;
involucels of many leaves. Flowers white, very rarely yellow.
Sect. I. Hippoma'rathrum (from Itckoq, hippos, a horse, and
papadpor, marathron, fennel ; horse fennel). Rivin, Roehl, but
not of Link, D. C. prod. 4. p. 144. Involucra wanting. Leaves
ofinvolucels joined together nearly to the apex into abowl-shaped
cup, having a toothed margin.
1 S. Hippoma'rathrum (Lin. spec. 373.) stem terete, usually
branched at the apex, and nearly naked ; leaves glaucous, bi-
pinnate ; leaflets linear, trifid, acutish ; petioles dilated and
sheathing ; fruit smoothish ; involucel cup-shaped. 1/ . H. Na-
tive of Alsatia, Piedmont, and Germany, on chalky hills and
rocks. Jacq. fl. austr. 2. t. 143. Slum Hippomarathrum,
Roth, fl. germ. 1. p. 128. Seseli articulatum, Crantz, fl. austr.
p. 205. t. 5. f. 1-2. Hippomarathrum pelviforme, fl. wett. st.
Hipp. vulgare, Roehl. Hippomarathrum, Riv. pent, irreg. t.
67. Flowers white. Umbels smoothish, not tomentose as in S.
leucospermum. Fruit pubescent while young, but glabrous or
nearly so when mature. The wild plant is nearly simple, but
the plant branches when cultivated in a garden.
Var. /3, hebecarpum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 144.) fruit beset with
down, even in the mature state. H. Native of Siberia.
Nearly allied to S. tomentbsum, but the habit is more that of S.
Hippomarathrum, and the umbel is downy, not tomentose.
Horse-fennel. Fl. July. Clt. 1656. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 S. tomentosum (Vis. dalm. spec. p. 6. t. 3. f. 1.) stem sim-
ple, terete ; leaves biternate or triternate : leaflets filiform, chan-
nelled : upper ones ternate ; involucra wanting ; involucel cup-
shaped, and is, as well as the fruit, tomentose from stellate
down. %. H. Native of Dalmatia, on stony hills towards the
sea. This species is intermediate between S. Hippomarathrum
and S. leucospermum, nevertheless it is more nearly allied to the
former than to the latter.
Tomentose Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. II. Hippomarathroides (agreeing with the plants in
section Hippomarathrum ; hence the name). D. C. coll. diss.
5. p. 47. prod. 4. p. 144. Involucra wanting or of few leaves.
Leaves of the involucels joined to each other, particularly at the
base. Flowers white.
3 S. Ledebou'rii ; stem a little branched ; leaves glaucous,
bipinnate or tripinnate ; leaflets ternate, with the segments linear,
upper sheaths ventricose, nearly leafless ; involucrum of one
lanceolate leaf ; involucel cup-shaped, divided at the apex into
long acuminated marcescent segments, about equal in length
to the flowering umbellule ; fruit prismatic, on short pedicels,
pilose. 1£. H. Native of Altaia, in dry grassy places at the
river Irtysch, near Loktewsk andSmejow. S. Hippomarathrum,
Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 335. Bess. enum. pi. volh. p. 13. no. 366.
Ledebour’s Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
4 S. dicho'tomum (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 235. suppl. p. 245.)
stem terete, erect, clothed with fine down ; lower branches short :
superior ones longer than the central umbel ; leaves pinnate ;
leaflets multifid, with the segments linear ; involucrum wanting ;
leaves of involucels joined together to about the middle, but
ovate and mueronate in the free parts. 1/ . H. Native of Tau-
ria, on chalky hills. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2073. Bdbon rigidior,
Spreng. pug. 2. no. 101. and Bdbon rigidus var. /3, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 900. Plant glaucous.
Dichotomous Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 S. gummiferum (Smith, exot. bot. t. 120.) stem terete,
thick, stiff, branched at the top, clothed with fine pubescence ;
leaves tripinnate, glaucous ; leaflets cuneated, trifid ; involucra
of few leaves, rarely wanting ; umbels 20-rayed ; leaves of in-
volucel joined together nearly the length of the pedicels into an
expanded disk, having the free parts subulate, and exceeding the
umbellules. $ . H. Native of Tauria. Sims, bot. mag. 2259.
Bubon rigidus var. a, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 497. B.
eriocephalus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 900. Stem yielding a gum
when cut. This is a showy plant, 2-3 feet high. Flowers white,
tinged with pink.
Var. crithmifdlia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 145.) stem, rays of um-
bels, and upper leaves rather velvety ; segments of leaves elon-
gated ; central umbel surrounded by a 10- 12-leaved involucrum.
l/.H. Native of Greece and the islands of the Aegean sea.
Apium Graecum saxatile crithmifolio, Tourn. cor. 21. voy. 1. p.
230. with a figure. Athamantha crithmifolia, Juss. herb. Per-
haps a proper species.
Gum-bearing Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1804.
PI. 3 to 4 feet.
6 S. rigidum (Waldst. et Kit. rar. hung. 2. p. 156. t. 146.)
stem terete, thick, rather tomentose, stiff, sparingly branched ;
leaves glaucous, three or four times pinnate ; leaflets linear,
stiff, mueronate, rather pungent, usually trifid ; involucrum none ;
umbel 20-rayed ; leaves of involucel joined together at the base,
equal in length to the umbellule; fruit tomentose. !{.. H. Na-
tive of Hungary, in the fissures of calcareous rocks. Bubon
rigidus var. y, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 497. exclusive of
the synonyme of Besser. Bubon rigidus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 900.
Stiff Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. l£ ft.
7 S. cuneifolium (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 230. and suppl. 244.
exclusive of the synonymes,) stem unknown ; leaves several times
UMBELLIFER^E. LXX. Seseli.
309
pinnate ; leaflets broad, cuneiform, forked : superior ones ob-
long, entire ; leaves of involucels very short, joined together at
the base; fruit villous. %. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, in
subalpine situations. Bubon cuneifolius, Spreng. syst. l.p. 900.
Wedge-leafleted Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot ?
8 S. peucedanifolium (Bess. enum. cont. p. 44.) stem terete,
sparingly branched at the apex, glaucous ; leaves triternate ;
leaflets linear-lanceolate, acuminated ; sheaths adpressed ; invo-
lucrum almost wanting ; leaves of involucel subulate, joined
together at the base ; flowers nearly sessile ; fruit velvety from
flocky short down. If.? H. Native of the south of Podolia.
Trev. in act. bonn. 13. p. 172. in a note. S. prolfferum, Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 402.? Bubon peucedanifolius, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 900. Involucrum sometimes of few leaves.
Peucedanum-leaved Meadow-saxifrage. FI. June, July. Clt.
1818. PI. 1 foot.
9 S. leucosfe'rmum (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 1. p. 92.
t. 89.) stem terete, flexuous, branched at the apex ; leaves
glaucous, decompound; leaflets setaceous, linear; petioles di-
lated, and sheathing; involucrum usually of one leaf; leaves
of involucels subulate, joined together at the base, and are
as well as the fruit puberulous. "2f. or $ . H. Native of
Pannonia, about Buda on chalky hills. Athamantha leucos-
perma, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 534. Very nearly allied to S. Hippo-
marathrum, but differs in the leaves of the involucel being
joined only at the base, not to the apex. Umbellules dense.
Fruit with elevated corky ribs and narrow furrows, ex Koch,
umb. p. 110.
White-seeded Meadow-saxifrage. FI. July. Clt. 1805. PI.
1^ foot.
Sect. III. Euse'seli (so called from containing what are con-
sidered the true species of the genus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 145. —
Seseli vera, Koch, umb. p. 110. — Hippomarathrum, Duby, in
D. C. bot. gall. 1. p. 234. but not of Link, nor Rivin. Invo-
lucra wanting or of few leaves. Leaves of involucels distinct, or
sometimes somewhat concrete at the very base.
* Flowers yellow.
10 S. gra'cile (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 122. t. 117.) stem
terete ; leaves triternate ; leaflets triangularly setaceous, very
thin and rather flaccid ; rays of umbel elongated ; involucra
wanting or nearly so, very short. 1/ . H. Native of Pannonia
and Transylvania, on calcareous rocks. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p.
238. Flowers yellow ; petals oval-oblong, incurved at the apex.
Caudex ascending. Flowering stems erect. Sheaths of leaves
entire. Fruit elliptic and smooth, like the rest of the plant.
Umbels opposite the leaves, drooping before expansion.
Slender Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1805. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
11 S. triterna'tum (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 197.) root
fusiform ; leaves sheathing a long way, ternate, biternate, or
triternate : leaflets or segments elongated, linear or linear-lan-
ceolate, quite entire, petiolulate ; stem leafy at the base ; um-
bels compound, with nearly equal rays ; umbellules capitate ;
flowers dioecious or polygamous ; immature fruit oblong, some-
what cylindrical ; mericarps with 5 elevated acute ribs ; involu-
crum and involucels wanting. If. H. Native of North Ame-
rica, about the Columbia river ; common on the dry gravelly
soils near Fort Vancouver. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 264. t.
94. This has much the habit of S. leiocdrpum. Petals invo-
lute entire. Teeth of calyx obsolete. Flowers yellow.
Triternate- leaved Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1828. PI. 2 feet.
12 S. divarica'tum (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. p. 732.) stem dicho-
tomous, leafy ; leaves petiolate, with short sheaths, bipinnate or
tripinnatifid ; segments linear-oblong, acute, short; peduncles
lateral and terminal ; rays of umbels equal ; leaves of invo-
lucels linear-subulate ; fruit roundish-ovate, crowned by the
calycine teeth ; mericarps rough, with 5 elevated ribs and many
vittae. If.. H. Native of North America, on the banks of the
Missouri ; and about Carlton House upon the Saskatchawan.
Sims, bot. mag. 1742. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 194. S. Ihcidum,
Fras. cat. 1813. Marathrum, Rafin.journ. phys. 1820. Flowers
yellow. The vittae are numerous, and abound in powerfully
aromatic oil.
Divaricate Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812.
PI. 1 foot.
13 S. leioca'rpum (Hook, in fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 263. t. 93.)
leaves with long sheaths, triternate or triternately pinnate ; leaf-
lets petiolate, oblong, entire, attenuated or trifid, glaucous; stem
nearly naked ; umbels compound, with the rays very unequal ;
umbellules capitate; flowers dioecious or polygamous; imma-
ture fruit very smooth ; involucra and involucels wanting. 1/ .
H. Native of the north-west coast of America ; on gravelly
soils near Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Flowers yellowish.
Styles reflexed.
Smooth-fruited Meadow-saxifrage. PI. -| foot.
14 S. defolia'tum (Led. fl. ross. alt. 1. p. 343.) radical
leaves early, caducous ; stem furnished with leafless sheaths ;
involucra and involucels of few leaves. 1/. H. Native of Si-
beria, in the Kirghisean Steppe, in sandy wet salt situations.
Plant with the habit of Ferula salsa. Root perpendicular. Stems
solitary, simple at the base, divided into floriferous branches
from the middle, which are branched again. Flowers yellow,
polygamous. Carpels with 5 prominent equal filiform ribs ;
vittae one in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure.
Defoliate Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
* * Flowers white.
15 S. ela'tum (Gouan, ill. 16. t. 8.) stem rather dichoto-
mous, terete, few-leaved ; leaves bipinnate : leaflets linear-fili-
form, stiffish ; involucra almost wanting ; fruit ovate, tubercular
while young, but glabrous in the adult state, crowned by the
calyx. If. H. Native of the south of France, Italy, &c. in
open situations. Gmel. syst. p. 489. D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 284.
Spreng. umb. spec. 1 18. exclusive of the first and perhaps of the
second synonyme. S. el&tum, Lin. spec. p. 375. is very probably
a distinct plant. — Lob. icon. t. 727. f. 2. Plant glaucous.
Var. /3, ligulare (D. C. prod. 4. p. 146.) superior cauline
leaves long-linear, quite entire. Native country unknown, but
is usually to be found in gardens, under the name of S. glaucum.
Tall Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. 1
to 2 feet.
16 S. va'rium (Trev. ind. sem. wratis. 1808. nov. act. bonn.
13. p. 168.) stem terete; branches few, erect; petioles fur-
rowed, as well as the leaves, which are tripinnate ; leaflets linear,
glabrous, glaucous ; involucrum almost wanting; leaves of invo-
lucels short, subulate ; fruit oblong, glabrous, not crowned. 7/ .
H. Native of Caucasus and Austria. S. varium, Koch, umb.
p. 110. S. Tauricum, Link, in Spreng. syst. 1. p. 884. but not
of Koch. S. glaucum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 234. suppl. p. 241.
ex Trev. Differs from S. montdnum and S. Palldsii, in the fruit
not being crowned by the teeth of the calyx.
Var. /3, bracliycarpum (Bess, in litt. 1828.) fruit shorter. If.
H. S. chaerophylloides, Hortul. but not of Thunb. Perhaps a
proper species.
Various Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. Ju.July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft.
17 S. ju'nceum (Sibth, et Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 200.)
stem much branched, divaricate, stiff, glabrous ; leaves rather
glaucous : radical ones triternate ; leaflets keeled, trifurcate ;
cauline petioles very short, spreading ; umbels solitary, few-
310
UMBELLIFERiE. LXX. Seseli.
flowered. "If.. H. Native of Greece. Perhaps sufficiently dis-
tinct from S. montanum.
Rushy Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
18 S. monta'num(D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 285. and suppl. p. 505.)
stem striated; leaves glaucous, bipinnate, with entire sheaths,
and narrow-linear mucronulate leaflets ; involucra of 1-3 leaves,
and the involucels of many linear-subulate leaves ; fruit elliptic,
glaucous, glabrous, or clothed with fine pubescence. 1/. H.
Native from France to Tauria, in open mountainous places.
Far. a, laxiusculum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 1 46.) leaflets flat ; um-
bels rather loose ; ribs of fruit triangular, rather prominent.
H. S. montanum, Lin. spec. p. 372. Schultes, syst. 6. p.
397. Koch, umb. p. 110. — Lob. icon. t. 77.
Far. (1, glaucum (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets with an elevated nerve ;
umbellules crowded ; ribs of fruit filiform. S. glaucum, Lin.
spec. p. 372. Schultes et Koch, 1. c. Jacq. austr. 1. t. 45. S.
osseum, Crantz. austr. p. 207.
Far. y, multicaule(D. C. prod. 4. p. 147.) stem multiple at the
base; leaves strictly adpressed. If. H. S. multicaule, Retz.
obs. 3. p. 27. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 129.
Far. c, peucedanifdlium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 147.) leaflets elon-
gated. 7f. H. S. peucedanifdlium, Merat, fl. par. p. 115. S.
elatum, Thuill. par. p. 118.
Mountain Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1659.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
19 S. Palla'sii (Bess. cat. hort. crem. 1816. p. 130.) stem
terete, branched at the top ; leaves bipinnate or tripinnate ;
leaflets trifid ; segments linear, flat, acutish, glabrous, glaucous ;
upper leaves trifid or undivided ; involucra wanting ; leaves of
involucels subulate, very short ; fruit ovate, glabrous, crowned
by the short 5-toothed calyx. 7/ . H. Native of Russia. D. C.
mem. soc. gen. vol. 4. S. crassifolium, Schrad. and Hort. Um-
bels 10-rayed. Fruit elegantly striated with fuscous vittEe.
Petiolar sheaths narrow, elongated. Allied to S. elatum, but
the fruit is not tubercled when young ; to S. leucospermum, but
the fruit is glabrous. According to Koch, it is a variety of S.
glaucum.
Pallas's Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft.
20 S. tenuifolium (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 97. fl. alt. 1. p.
333.) stem branched, flexuous ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets linear,
stiffish ; involucrum almost wanting ; involucels short ; fruit
prismatic, tubercularly warted, rather shorter than the pedicels ;
receptacle with a membranous margin. 7/ . H. Native of Al-
taia, in dry open sterile places near Ustkamenogorsk, and in the
Kirghisean steppe, between the first mentioned place and Ab-
laikit. Plant glaucescent. Stems many. Leaves with 5 oppo-
site pinnae, and each pinna bearing 3 or 5, usually entire leaf-
lets. Umbels 6-8-rayed. Involucrum usually wanting, rarely
of one setaceous leaf ; involucels of 7-8 small lanceolate mem-
branous acuminated reflexed leaves. Styles and teeth of calyx
reflexed on the fruit.
Fine-leaved. Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
21 S. corona tum (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. 169. fl. alt. 1. p.
336.) stem branched; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets linear-oblong,
decurrent, entire or tripartite ; involucrum of 2 deciduous
leaves ; involucels of many lanceolate acute membranous re-
flexed leaves ; fruit at length rather prismatic, wrinkled, crowned
by the conical stylopodium. If. H. Native of Siberia, in the
Soongarian desert. Plant glaucous. Radical leaves 8-10 inches
long. Petioles dilated, and rather violaceous at the base, with
white membranous margins. Umbels 6-8-rayed. Leaves of
involucels inflexed at the points. Calyx obsoletely 5-toothed.
Styles reflexed.
Crowned Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1§ to 2 ft.
22 S. vagina'tum (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 171. fl. alt. 1. p.
336.) plant glaucescent ; stem very simple ; radical leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets entire or trifid, nearly linear, acuminated ; invo-
lucra and involucels of many broad linear leaves, with membra-
nous margins : one of the leaves of the involucrum larger than
the rest : those of the involucels equal in length to the umbel-
lules. 7/ . H. Native of Dahuria, near Nertschinsk. Stem
nearly leafless, beset with sheaths, which have membranous mar-
gins, and truncate at the apex. Umbels 10-12-rayed, equal in
length. Flowers rather large. Fruit with prominent ribs.
Sheathed Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
23 S. Gillie'sii (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p.354.) plant
clothed with hoary pubescence ; stem angular ; branches few,
erect ; leaves pinnate : leaflets of the lower leaves cuneated, and
deeply toothed : of the superior ones linear and entire, or bipar-
tite ; involucra of few leaves or wanting ; leaves of involucels
linear, exceeding the pedicels ; young fruit ovate, pubescent ;
styles elongated : stigmas globose, capitate. 7f. H. Native of
Chili, in Valle de la Punta des Vacas, Andes of Mendoza. Pe-
troselinum sativum, Hook, et Gill. 1. c. p. 335. Flowers white.
The ribs of the young fruit are hardly visible.
Gillies’s Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
24 S. polyphy'llum (Ten. ind. sem. 1825. p. 12. append. 5.
fl. neap. p. 10.) stems declinate, tufted, having a few short
branches ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets trifid, linear,
nearly terete, fleshy, rather mucronate ; upper leaves reduced to
the sheaths; umbels 15-20-rayed ; leaves of involucel setace-
ous, shorter than the umbellules ; fruit glabrous. l^.H. Native
of Goat’s Island and elsewhere, in the kingdom of Naples. Per-
haps sufficiently distinct from S. montanum.
Many-leaved Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
25 S. ccespitosum (Sibth, et Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 200.)
stem simple, nearly naked ; radical leaves tufted, flat, pinnate ;
leaflets deeply trifid : ultimate ones decurrent ; involucrum of 3-5
very short leaves ; fruit cylindrical, smooth, obscurely striated.
7/ . H. Native of the top of Mount Olympus. Smith, in Rees’
cycl. vol. 32. Spreng. umb. spec. 121. Radical leaves 3 lines
iong.
Tufted Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
26 S. colora'tum (Ehrh. herb. p. 113.) stem striated, nearly
simple; petioles straight, sheathing; leaves decompound, erect;
leaflets or segments crowded, linear-cuspidate, having the mar-
gins and keel, as well as the rays of the umbel, rather puberu-
lous ; involucrum almost wanting ; leaves of involucels with
membranous edges, about equal in length to the umbellules ;
fruit glabrous, acutely ribbed. $ . or 7/. H. Native of France,
Germany, Tauria, and Siberia, on mountains and hills. S.
annuum, Lin. spec. p. 373. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 398. Jacq. fl.
austr. t. 55. hort. vind. t. 225. S. bienne, Crantz. austr. p. 204.
Slum annuum, Roth, fl. germ. 1. p. 128. Selinum dimidi&tum,
D. C. fl. fr. no. 3492. and suppl. p. 503. S. carvifdlium, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 586. Carum simplex, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1410. —
Vaill. par. p. 54. t. 9. f. 4. S. alpinum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 236. ?
but which is perhaps referrible to Cmdium venosum. Flowers
white, but often reddish when young. The plant not being an-
nual, the name given by Linnaeus is therefore not admissable.
It differs from all the other species in the leaves of the involucel
being equal in length or exceeding the umbellules.
Far. ji, minus (Wallr. sched. crit. p. 124.) stem very humble.
In dry situations.
Far. y, ferulaceum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 147.) leaves of involucels
exceeding the flowers, usually reflexed.
Co/owred-flowered Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1817. PI. 1 foot.
27 S. strictum (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 174. fl. alt. 1. p.
338.) stem branched, straight ; leaves tripinnate : leaflets linear,
elongated, straight ; petioles sheathing ; involucra wanting ; in-
volucels of many setaceous leaves, which are shorter than the
UMBELLIFERE. LXX. Seseli. LXXI. Libanotis.
311
umbellules; fruit prismatic, glabrous. $. H. Native at the
bottoms of the Altaian mountains, frequent ; as near Sogra,
Loktewsk, Smejow, and elsewhere. Root fusiform. Rays of
umbels 15-30, angular, roughish at the angles. Umbellules with
20-30 flowers. Mericarps with 5 prominent ribs. Stylopodium
pulvinate. It differs from S. color alum, in the leaflets of the
leaves not being roughish on the margins, in the rays of the um-
bel not being pubescent, and in the leaves of the involucel.
Var. j3 simplex ; stem simple ; leaves bipinnate : leaflets 2-3
inches long, very narrow.
Straight Meadow-saxifrage. FI. July. Clt. 1830. PI. 1^
to 2 feet.
28 S. pube'rulum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 147.) stem striated;
petioles dilated at the base; sheaths with membranous margins;
leaves decompound : leaflets few', linear, acute, glabrous ; invo-
lucrum of one leaf ; rays of umbels and fruit puberulous ; invo-
lucels shorter than the umbellules. 1£. H. Native about Con-
stantinople. Sheaths and bracteas coloured at the margins.
Petals and styles purple. Allied to S. coloratum.
Var. /3, pdllidum (D.C. prod. 4. p. 147.) sheaths less dilated,
with pale margins; petals and styles white, or hardly reddish.
1/. H. Perhaps Selinum carvifolium, Vill. is referrible to this
variety.
Puberulous Meadow-saxifrage. PI. 1 foot.
29 S. tortuosum (Lin. spec. p. 373.) stem striated, stiff,
much branched, divaricate ; leaves bipinnate, stiffish : leaflets
trifid : segments linear, short, acutish, with the margins and keel
rather scabrous ; petioles sheathing, oblong ; involucrum wanting
or of 1-2 leaves; umbels 5-10-rayed ; leaves of involucel about
equal in length to the umbellules. 1/ . FI. Native of the south
of France. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 285. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 401.
Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 342. (Enanthe rigida striata, Lin.
hort. cliff. 99. Slum tortuosum, Roth, fl. germ. 1. p. 128. — J.
Bauh. hist. 3. p„ 2. t. 16. f. 1. — Lob. icon. 78. The whole
plant is glaucous and stiff, but when growing in gardens it be-
comes green and flaccid. Flowers white. Fruit rather hairy,
with triangular ribs, ex Koch, umb. p. 111.
Var. /3, Tauricum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 148.) leaves bipinnate or
tripinnate ; leaflets trifid : segments linear, elongated, hardly
glaucous. 1/ . H. Native of Tauria, about Odessa ; and of
Galicia. S. tortuosum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 235. suppl. 1. p.
242. Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 221. Intermediate from habit between
S. tortuosum and S. campestre, but is referred to the first, from
the involucra being absent, and from the leaves of the involucels
being about equal in length to the umbellules, &c.
Var. y, Grce'cum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves bipinnate : petioles chan-
nelled; leaflets distant, trifid: segments rather broader at the
apex, obtuse. l/.H. Native of Greece. S. tortuosum, Smith,
prod. fl. graec. no. 697. D’Urv. enum. 275.
Twisted Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1597. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
30 S. campe'stre (Bess. enum. cont. p. 44.) stem terete,
spreadingly branched at the apex, stiffish ; leaves quadripinnate :
leaflets ternate : segments linear, acutish, flat, hardly scabrous
on the margins ; involucra of 6-8 leaves ; umbels 10-15-rayed ;
involucels shorter than the umbellules ; fruit oblong, puberulous.
71- H. Native of the Ukraine and Bessarabia, in sandy fields.
Trev. act. bonn. 13. p. 170. S. arenarium, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl.
p. 242. in a note. S. tortubsum, Trev. mag. nat. berl. 7.
p. 148.
Field Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. Ju.July. Clt. 1823. PI. 3 ft.
31 S. petr^e'um (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 235. suppl. p. 243.)
stem short, striated, branched, clothed with velvety pubescence
above, especially on the rays of tire umbel and fruit ; leaves pin-
nate : leaflets pinnatifid : segments lanceolate, attenuated at the
base. 1/. H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus. Bubon glau-
cus, Spreng. umb. 1. p. 136. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 496. Um-
bellules dense, white. Pedicels thickish, shorter than the fruit.
Fruit hairy, oblong, with fine filiform ribs, ex Koch, umb. p. 1 11.
Rock Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1^ ft.
32 S. Bocconi (Guss. cat. pi. 1821. p. 80.) stem terete, suf-
fruticose at the base ; leaves ternately decompound : leaflets
stiff, lanceolate-cuneated, acute, rather trifid ; upper sheaths
leafless, loose ; involucra wanting ; involucels of many setaceous
leaves, which are about equal in length to the pedicels ; fruit
glabrous, ovate-oblong. 1/ . H. Native of Sicily on the moun-
tains among chalky rocks by the sea-side, near Palermo ; and of
Corsica, on rocks about Sagona. Spreng. neue entd. 2. p. 140.
syst. 1. p. 885. Bubon Siculus, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p.
499. exclusive of the syn. of Bieb. Crithmum Siculum, Bocc.
sic. 53. t. 27, 28. — Cup. panph. ed. 1. t. 105. ed. 2. t. 162. but
in this last table it is delineated with the stem drooping at the
apex, which is not the case.
Bocconi' s Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
PI. 1 foot.
f Species not sufficiently known.
33 S. stria'tum (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. 259.) stem
terete, striated, nearly simple ; leaves tripinnate : leaflets linear-
subulate, furrowed ; involucrum of 4 leaves ; umbel contracted ;
peduncles unequal ; involucels reflexed. $ . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Stem purplish, a foot high or more.
Branches few, divaricate. Leaves of involucrum ovate-lanceo-
late, concave. Leaves glabrous.
(Striated Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
1-j foot.
34 S. chalrophylloi'des (Thunb. prod. p. 51. fl. cap. p. 254.)
stem terete, striated, dichotomous at the apex ; leaves ternately
decompound : leaflets ovate, cut : segments linear, obtuse ; in-
volucra and involucels of 4 very short leaves. $ . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Sheaths of cauline leaves membra-
naceous, ventricose, entire. Stem 2 feet high and more.
Leaves glabrous, pale beneath. Leaves of involucrum ovate,
obtuse.
Chervil-like Meadow-saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810.
PI. 2^ feet.
35 S. fra'gile (Gouan. ill. p. 15.) stem unknown ; leaves
tripinnate; leaflets ternate, brittle, articulated : segments linear ;
sheaths large, 2-lobed at the apex ; involucra none ; umbels 12-
rayed ; involucels of 7-9 leaves, which are 3 times shorter than
the umbellules. $ . H. Native country unknown, as well as
the flowers and fruit. Gouan cites under this plant the figures
in J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 18. f. 2. Clus. hist. 2. p. 196. f. 1.
Tabern. icon. t. 97. f. 2. but these figures are very different
from each other, and therefore the plant is very doubtful.
Brittle Meadow-saxifrage. PI. li foot.
Cult. The plants of this genus are of easy culture ; they re-
quire sandy or chalky soil, and are easily increased by seeds.
Those species marked perennial prove seldom more than bien-
nial when cultivated in gardens.
LXXI. LIBANO'TIS (from \ij3aroc, libanos, incense, and
not from Mount Libanon, as the name would imply ; L. vulgaris
is supposed to exhale an odour like incense). Crantz. austr. p.
222. Gaertn. fruct. 1. 1. 21. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 17. t. 3. f. 5.
prod. 4. p. 149. but not of Scop. — Athamantha, Scop, carn.no.
309. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 103. — Seseli section, Koch, umb. 111.
— Athamantha species of Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. All as in Seseli but differs
in the lobes of the calyx being slender (f. 55. F. c. a.), subu-
late, elongated, coloured, and deciduous, with the base hardly
remaining ; and in the involucra and involucels being both
usually composed of many leaves. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate :
leaflets ovate, cut or multifid : lower ones usually decussate.
312
UMBELLIFER2E. LXXI. Libanotis.
Sect. I. Eriotis (from epiov, erion, wool, and ovq iotoq, ous,
otos , an ear ; in allusion to the petals being covered with short
down). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 17. t. 3. f. 5. prod. 4. p. 149.
Petals canescent from fascicles of short down (f. 55. F. g.).
1 L. Buchtorme'nsis (D. C. coll. mem. 5. t. 3. f. 5. mem.
soc. gen. vol. 4.) stem angular, branched ; leaves stiff, bipin-
nate, shining : leaflets broad-ovate or oblong, serrated at the
top, with the serratures mucronate ; peduncles stiff ; involucrum
almost wanting ; involucels of many leaves, which are shorter
than the umbellules ; fruit villous from fascicles of hairs. 1/ .
H. Native of Siberia, very common in dry sterile places, espe-
cially about Buchtorminsk. Bubon Buchtormensis, Fisch. in
Spreng. pug. 2. p. 55. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 496. Athamanta
rigida, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 960. Athamanta cervariaefolia,
Schrad. ined. Seseli Buchtormense, Koch, umb. p. 111. Habit
almost of Libanotis vulgdris. Rays of umbel unequal in length.
Leaves of involucel clothed with white down. Involucrum want-
ing, or of 2 or 3 entire or trifid or pinnatifid leaves.
Buchtorminsk Stone-parsley. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI.
1 to 3 feet.
2 L. grave' olens; plant clothed with hoary pubescence;
stem branched ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets in fascicles, unequal,
2-3 times plicately pinnate : segments 2 or 3-parted : lobes
linear, cuspidate ; involucra variable ; involucels of many distinct
leaves; fruit villously pubescent. 1/. . H. Native of Altaia, on
rocks, but rare near the Fort called Ustkamenogorsk, but fre-
quent beyond the river Irtysch. Seseli graveolens, Led. fl.
ross. alt. ill. t. 164. fl. alt. 1. p. 340. Involucrum wanting or
of one bipinnate leaf, or of many lanceolate-linear reflexed hoary
leaves. Leaves of involucel hoary, length of the umbellules.
Petals pilose on the outside. The plant has a strong aromatic
smell, and exudes a resinous gummy juice.
Strong-scented Stone-parsley. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
3 L. Patrinia'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 150.) stem terete,
branched ; leaves bipinnate, canescent ; leaflets multifid : lobes
short, linear-subulate ; umbellules 30-flowered ; fruit rather
compressed. 1/. H. Native of Altaia, on a schistous arid hill
at the river Irtysch, and at Ustkamenogorsk. The plant ex-
udes a yellow aromatic juice. Mericarps of fruit much com-
pressed from the back, as in other species of Seseli and Libano-
tis. Involucrum of a few multifid leaves. Leaves of involucels
linear, connected together a little way at the base. Perhaps the
same as L. graveolens.
Patrin's Stone-parsley. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. II. Eulibanotis (this section is supposed to contain the
genuine species of the genus). D. C. 1. c. Petals glabrous (f.
55. F.f.).
4 L. vuega'ris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 150.) stem furrowed ; leaves
bipinnate : leaflets deeply pinnatifid : lower ones decussate :
segments lanceolate ; fruit ovate-oblong, villous. 7£. H. Na-
tive of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia, on mountains
and in fields. In England on elevated chalky pastures, but
rare ; as on Gogmagog hills, Cambridgeshire ; and between Al-
bany and Stony Stratford. Athamantha Libanotis, Lin. spec. p.
351. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 488. Jacq. fl. austr. 4. t. 392. fl. dan.
754. Smith, engl. bot. 138. Seseli Libanotis, Koch, umb. p.
111. L. daucoides, Scop. earn. no. 317. L. montana, All.
pedem. 1368. t. 72. L. Divini&na, Scop. earn. no. 316. Atha-
mantha oreoselinum, Huds. angl. 115. Ligusticum ferulaceum,
Lapeyr. abr. p. 155. Libanotis, Riv. pentap. irr. t. 37. — Bauh.
hist. 3. p. 2. 105. f. 1. — Pluk. phyt. t. 173. f. 1. Radical leaves
bipinnate or tripinnate ; leaflets opposite, deeply and sharply
cut, smooth : the lowermost ones crowded, and often crossing
each other. Flowers crowded, white or reddish. There are
varieties of this plant with the fruit either pilose or nearly gla-
brous. The following varieties are probably so many species.
Var. /3, pubescens (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3481. var. y,) stem angu-
lar, pubescent; fruit more villous. 1/. H. Native of the
Pyrenees, in dry open places, and of the west of France. Atha-
manta pubescens, Retz. obs. 3. p. 28. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 511.
Var. y, daucifdlia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 150.) stem angular;
leaflets finely divided into linear-lanceolate lobes. 1 /. H. Na-
tive of the Pyrenees, Auvergne, Austria, Siberia, &c. on the
mountains. Athamanta Pyrenaica, Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 197.
Athain. crithmoides, Lapeyr. abr. p. 148. Crithmum Pyrenai-
cum, Lin. syst. veg. ed. 15. p. 296. A mmi daucifdlia, Host,
fl. austr. 1. p. 362. — Gmel. sib. t. 40. f. 1. There are varieties of
this having the leaves of the involucrum either entire or mul-
tifid.
Var. d, condensata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 150.) stem nearly terete,
striated; umbels very dense. 1/. H. Native of Siberia.
Athamanta condensata, Lin. spec. p. 351. Ligusticum vagina-
tum, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 57. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 488. — Lam. ill.
t. 1 94. f. 1 .
Var. e, incana (D. C. prod. 4. p. 150,) plant hoary from pu-
bescence ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets very minute,
wedge-shaped, 4-toothed ; leaves of involucra and involucels
linear ; umbels of many rays. H. Native of Siberia.
Libanotis or Mountain Stone-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Britain.
PI. 1 to 3 feet.
5 L. Sibi'rica (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 123.) leaves pinnate ;
leaflets pinnatifid or bipinnatifid : segments lanceolate or oblong,
cuspidate ; involucra of many leaves or wanting ; leaves of invo-
lucels shorter than the umbellules ; fruit pubescent, having the
furrows furnished with 2 vittae each. %. H. Native of Si-
beria, very common ; and of Caucasus, in the plains adjoining
the mountains of Talusch. Athamanta Sibirica, Lin. mant. p.
56. Atham. Libanotis y Sibirica, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 489.
Seseli Libanotis d, Koch, et Mertens in deutschl. fl. 2. p. 412.
Libanotis vulgaris d, Sibirica, D. C. prod. 4. p. 150. Seseli
athamanthoides, Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 342. — Gmel. sib. 1. p. 186.
t. 40. f. 2. exclusive of the synonymes. It differs from L. vul-
garis not only in the leaves being simply pinnate, but in the in-
volucra being usually wanting, in the involucels being shorter
than the umbellules, and in the furrows of the fruit being fur-
nished with 2 vittae, and the commissure with 4.
Var. (3, acaule (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 342. under Seseli,) leaves and
umbels simple, rising in fascicles from the root.
Siberian Stone-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1771. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
6 L. athamanthoi'des (D. C. prod. 4. p. 150.) stem fur-
rowed, angular, sparingly branched ; leaves pinnate : radical ones
petiolate : upper ones sessile, nearly opposite : leaflets pinnatifid ;
lobes simple or trifid, linear, short, acute; leaves of involucra
many, linear, ciliated, rarely cut. 7/ . H. Native country un-
known. Ligusticum athamanthoides, Spreng. umb. 126. exclu-
sive of the synonymes. Fruit glabrous. It agrees in habit with
Athamanta Pyrenaica, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 197., the Libanotis
vulgdris var. y daucifdlia, but differs in the fruit being glabrous.
Athamanta-like Stone-parsley. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 L. verticilla'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 151.) stem terete, fur-
rowed, naked at the apex ; leaves pinnate : leaflets pinnate-
parted, cut : lower lobes decussate ; involucra of few leaves ;
adult fruit naked. 7/ . H. Native of Mount Parnassus. There
is a plant very similar to this grows about Bayonne, at a place
called Chambre d’Amour. Athamanta verticillata, Smith, fl.
graec. t. 275. prod. 1. p. 188. The plant is very different from
Pyclidtis verticillata, to which it has been joined by Sprengel.
Whorled- leaved Stone-parsley. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
UMBELLIFERiE. LXXI. Libanotis. LXXII. Cenolophium. LXXIII. Cnidium.
313
8 L. tenuifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 151.) plant glabrous;
stem terete ; leaves supra-decompound : leaflets linear, divari-
cate ; sheaths dilated ; leaves of involucrum 5, about equal in
length to the middle of the rays of the umbel ; leaves of invo-
lucels with membranous ciliated edges, length of the umbellules ;
fruit glabrous. If. H. Native of Altaia. Athamanta tenui-
folia, Pall, ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 495. Umbels lateral. In-
volucrum of few leaves ; the outer leaf the largest. Calyxes
glabrous. Mature fruit unknown.
Fine-leaved Stone-parsley. PI. 1 to2 feet.
9 L. Stf.phania'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 151.) stem simple, fis-
tular, glabrous, striated ; leaves glabrous, pinnate ; leaflets ob-
long or ovate, sessile, cut : uppermost leaflets rather trifid ; pe-
tioles ending in a sheath at the base ; lower cauline leaves larger
than the radical ones, and on longer petioles ; umbels dense,
sheathed ; sheaths, as well as the involucra and involucels, are
membranous and villous ; involucrum of many obovate-cuneated
leaves; involucels of many linear leaves. %. H. Native of
Altaia, in the more humid parts of the Alps, especially at the
fountains of the river Tscharysch, and elsewhere. Athamanta
compacta, Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 81. fl. alt. 1. p. 327. Atha-
manta cervaria ? Pall. itin. 2. p. 560. Athamanta monstrosa,
Steph. ex Willd. rel. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 495. Ligusticum
athamanticum, Adans, mss. Petals erect, ovate-oblong, with an
indexed point. Styles equal in length or longer than the meri-
carps. Fruit nearly cylindrical, a little compressed from the
sides, pilose, crowned by the permanent calyx and styles ; meri-
carps with 5 filiform ribs : lateral ones marginating ; vittae 2 in
each furrow, and 4 in the commissure.
Var. /3, pinnatifida ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid ; seg-
ments linear, a little cut.
Stephan’s Stone-parsley. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
10 L. cachroides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 151.) plant glabrous,
glaucous ; stem terete ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets multifid : lobes
linear, entire ; superior petioles dilated ; involucra and involucels
of many elongated acuminated leaflets. %. H. Native of Da-
huria, near Nerstinski Sawod. Cifchrys Sibirica, Steph. ex
Fisch. in cat. sem. 1823. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 892. Trev. act. soc.
nat. cur. 13. p. 168. This species will probably form a proper
genus, from the fruit being very much compressed from the
back, in the dorsal ribs being prominent, and in the marginating
ones being dilated into narrow wings. Vittae 2 in the commissure,
covered, and one in each furrow. Seed flat, not involute, as in
Cachyrs. Leaves of Seseli; calyx involucra, and petals of Li-
banotis ; fruit nearly of Peucedanum. Ovarium sometimes vil-
lous when young. Fruit glabrous. Petals glabrous. Perhaps
this, with Seseli Patriniana, will form a new genus, nearly re-
lated to Agasyllis in tribe Silerinece.
Cachyrs-like Stone parsley. PI. 1 \ foot.
Cult. See Seseli, p. 311. for culture and propagation.
LXXII. CENOLO'PHIUM (from Ktvog, kenos, empty, and
\ooe, lophos, a crest ; the ridges or ribs of the fruit are hollow
inside). Koch, umb. p. 103. in add. no. 34. b. diss. ined. in
litt. 1828. D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 48. t. 3. f. T. prod. 4. p. 151.
— Cnthmum species of Bieb.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate,emarginate, with an inflexed point (f. 55.G.I. b.f.').
Transverse section of fruit nearly terete ; mericarps with 5 equal
sharp rather winged ribs, which are hollow inside : lateral ones
marginating ; vittae one in each furrow, and 2 in the commis-
sure. Seed semi-terete, inclosed in a dry pericarp, which is
adnate to it when young (f. 55. G.). — Glabrous perennial herbs.
Leaves bipinnate or many times ternate ; leaflets divaricate,
rather trifid : segments lanceolate, cuspidate, quite entire,
nerved. Involucrum wanting or of one leaf ; involucels of
VOL. III.
many leaves (f. 56. G. c.). Flow’ers white. This genus is
nearly allied to Cnidium, but differs in the seed being inclosed
in a dry loose pericarp when mature.
1 C. Fische'ri (Koch, 1. c.) 1£. H. Native of Siberia, in
saltish humid fields on the lower Volga, about Sarepta; and of
Lithuania at Grodna. Athamanta denudata, Fisch. hort. gor.
Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 32. Cnthmum campestre, Guld.
itin. 1. p. 190.? ex Bieb. Cnthmum Mediterraneum, Bieb.
suppl. p. 215. Ligusticum Fischeri, Link, enum. 1. p. 276. ex-
clusive of Conioselinum. Cnidium Fischeri, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
888. Selinum carvifolia, Gilib. herb, grodn. ex Besser. Peu-
cedanum album, Hort. par. ex Desf. and therefore Peucedanum
minus, Poir. diet. 5. p. 228. exclusive of the synonymes and
country. Angelica Fischeri, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 605,
Stems terete, striated.
Fischer's Cenolophium. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 ft.
Cult. This plant will grow in any common garden soil ; and
is easily increased by seeds.
LXXIII. CNI'DIUM (the ancient name of Orach). Cusson,
mem. soc. med. par. 1782. p. 280. PloffVn. umb. 1. p. 157.
Koch, umb. 108. f. 48. D. C. prod. 4. p. 52. — Selinum, Lag.
am. nat. 2. p. 91. but not of Koch. — Cnidium and Ligusticum
species, Spreng. Ligusticum species of Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentandria , Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Transverse
section of fruit nearly terete ; mericarps with 5 equal winged
ribs ; wings rather membranous ; lateral ribs marginal ; vittae
one in each furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Seed semi-terete.
Albumen flat on one side. — Herbs perennial, rarely suffruticose.
Leaves pinnate or ternate ; leaflets multifid : lobes linear. In-
volucra variable ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers white or
rose-coloured. This genus is very nearly allied to Seseli, but
differs in the ribs of the fruit being winged, and in the margin of
the calyx being obsolete.
1 C. Monnie'ri (Cuss. 1. c.) stem branched, angular ; leaves
bipinnate : leaflets pinnatifid : segments linear-lanceolate, aiute ;
leaves of involucra and involucels setaceous. ©. H. Native of
the south of France. Selinum Monnieri, Lin. spec. 351 . Jacq.
hort. vind. 1. t. 62. Ligusticum minus, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 454.
Cicuta Sinensis, Zucc. cent. no. 56. in Rcem. coll. 1. p. 135.
Athamanta Chinensis, Lour. coch. p. ? Lin. spec. p. 353.
Cnidium confertum, Mcench, meth. 98. Involucra of 1-9 leaves.
Ribs of fruit membranous. Flowers white.
Monnier's Cnidium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1771. PI. 2 feet.
2 C. apioides (Spreng. umb. prod. p. 40.) stem branched,
striated ; leaves bi-tripinnate ; leaflets pinnate-parted : segments
linear-lanceolate, mucronate ; involucrum almost wanting ;
leaves of involucels setaceous, equalling the umbellules in length.
2/.H. Native of the east of France, Germany, Switzerland,
Transylvania, &c. Hoffm. umb. p. 157- Schultes, syst. 6. p.
552. exclusive of Willd. syn. Ligusticum apioides, Lam. diet.
3. p. 577. Ligusticum cicutaefolium, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 612. t.
15. Lig. Lobelii, Vill. prosp. p. 24. Laserpitium silaifolium,
Jacq. austr. app. t. 44. — Lob. icon. 775. Flowers white or pale
yellow ?
Celery-like Cnidium. Fl. Ju.July. Clt. 1791. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
3 C. petroseli'num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 152.) stem striated;
lower leaves on trifid petioles : the divisions bi-tripinnate ; leaf-
lets linear-lanceolate, quite entire, or trifid : upper ones pinnate,
having the segments usually undivided; umbels erect, of many
rays; involucrum almost wanting. %. H. Native country
unknown. Peucedanum petroselinum, Desf. hort. par. 1821.
Leaves large, with elongated segments or leaflets. Umbels 12-
20-rayed. Petals greenish-white, with an inflexed point. Calyx
entire.
S s
314
UMBELLIFER^E. LXXIII. Cnidium. LXXIV. Petitia.
Parsley-like Cnidium. PI. 2 feet.
4 C. venosum (Koch, umb. p. 109.) stem terete, smooth,
straight, hardly branched above ; leaves pinnate : leaflets pinna-
tifid or bipinnatifid : segments linear, or oblong-linear, acutish,
quite entire or trifid ; involucra wanting or of few leaves; leaves
of involucels setaceous, about equal in length to the umbellules.
. H. Native of Germany, about Halle and Witenberg ; and of
Caucasus and Siberia, in rather moist places. Seseli venosum,
Hoffm. fl. germ. p. 144. Seseli dubium, Schkuhr, handb. 1. p. 217.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 399. Seseli saxifragum, Schott, barb. p. 307.
Selinum pratense, Spreng. fl. hal. p. 92. t. 2. Seseli selinoides,
Besser. cat. hort. crem. p. 130. Seseli alpinum, Bieb. fl. taur.
no. 5S7. ex suppl. p.243.? Selinum lineilre, Sebum, enum.
pi. saeland, 1. p. 95. Sheathes of leaves oblong ; superior ones
close. Involucra of few leaves. Leaves of involucra and in-
volucels entire. There are varieties of this with more or less
dissected leaves. Perhaps the German plant and the Siberian
are the same.
Veiny Cnidium. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
5 C. ano'malum (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 311. fl. alt. 1. p.
330.) stem furrowed, glabrous, twiggy ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets
bipinnately cut : segments cut or nearly entire, acute ; leaves of
involucra oblong-linear, entire, pinnatifid, or bipinnatifid. $ . H.
Native of Altaia, in fertile humid meadows, in the valleys of
the rivers Tscharysch ; and Kotsun, near Alexandrowsk. Gmel.
fl. sib. 1. p. 190. t. 42. and 43. There is also a stemless
variety found at the fountains of the river Tschegan. Root
fusiform. Leaves pale green, glabrous. Involucra and invo-
lucels of many leaves ; those of the involucels are oblong, entire,
and ciliated, and about equal in length to the umbellules. Pe-
tals white. Fruit beset with glittering atoms ; vittae 1-3 in each
furrow, and 2 in the commissure. Stylopodium pulvinate. Calyx
5-cleft.
Anomalous Cnidium. PI. l-§- to 2 feet or more.
6 C. cunea'tum (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 312. fl. alt. 1. p. 331.)
stem furrowed, glabrous, branched : superior branches verticil-
late or opposite; leaves bipinnate : lower leaflets ternate : upper
ones 2-3-parted, or cut, cuneated ; leaves of involucrum oblong-
elliptic, a little toothed at the apex ; leaves of involucels broad,
elliptic, entire, mucronate. $ . H. Native of Siberia, in mea-
dows at the river Kerlyk, but rare. Root fusiform. Leaves
pale green, glabrous. Rays of umbel 12-20. Calyx with 5
minute teeth.
CWeate-leafletted Cnidium. Fl. July. PI. 1 to 1| foot.
7 C. Fontane'sii (Spreng. umb. spec. p. 41.) stem striated,
dichotomous at the apex ; leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets
rather trifid : segments linear, bluntish; leaves of involucra and in-
volucels many, linear, acuminated. If.. H. Native of Algiers, in
fields near Sbiba. Laserpitium peucedanoidCs, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p.
254. t. 71. Laserp. Fontan&sii, Pers. ench. 1. p. 313. Laserp. At-
lanticum, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 304. Ligusticum Fontanesii, Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 565. Perhaps the furrows of the fruit
are furnished with 1 or many vittae, and therefore may be either
a species of Ligusticum or Cnidium ; but the habit is that of
Cnidium.
Desfontaines Cnidium. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
8 C. suffrutico'sum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
387.) stem shrubby, naked, decumbent ; branches erect, leafy;
leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets short, rather trifid ;
sheathes of leaves permanent. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in sand by the sea-side. Conium suffruticosum,
Berg. cap. p. 77. The habit of this plant is very different from
all the other species.
Suffruticose Cnidium. Shrub decumbent.
9 C. diffu'sum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 153.) stem diffuse, striated ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid : segments cuneated, bluntly
toothed at the apex ; peduncles opposite the leaves ; leaves of
involucra numerous, linear, rather membranous. ©. H. Na-
tive of Bengal. Ligusticum diffusum, Roxb. hort. beng. p.
21. Smith, in Rees’ cycl. 21. no. 11. Willd. mss. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 655. Athamanta diffusa, Wall. mss. Petals white,
obcordate. Ribs of fruit prominent, rather crested, roughish
from short down : vittae 1 in each furrow.
Diffuse Cnidium. PI. 1 foot.
10 C. carvi folium (Bieb. suppl. p. 212.) stem nearly simple ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets cuneiform, pinnatifid : segments linear,
bluntish ; involucra of 1 -2 elongated, somewhat pinnatifid leaves.
%. H. Native of Caucasus. Laserpitium Caucasicum, Bieb.
fl. taur. 1. p. 222. Said to be allied to Laserpitium Dauricum,
and Meum mutellinum. Leaves of involucels subulate, shorter
than the umbellules. Stylopodium and styles dark purple.
Caraway-leaved Cnidium. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
11 C. meifo'lium (Bieb. suppl. p. 212.) stem unknown;
leaves pinnate : leaflets profoundly pinnatifid : segments linear-
subulate ; involucra and involucels of many subulate, reflexed
leaves. l/.H. Native of the Alps of Caucasus. Involucrum
of 6-8 leaves. Involucels longer than the flowers. Flowers of
a beautiful rose colour.
Meum-leaved Cnidium. PI. 1 to 2 feet ?
12 C. Canade'nse (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 415. ex-
clusive of many of the synonymes) stem angular, flexuous ;
leaves bipinnate, shining ; leaflets many-parted : segments lan-
ceolate ; involucra and involucels of few leaves. 1£. H. Na-
tive of North America, at the mouths of large rivers from Ca-
nada to Carolina ; at the mouth of the St. Lawrence, in Canada.
Selinum Canadense, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 155. A'pium
bipinnatum, Walt, carol, p. 115. The fruit is unknown, and
therefore it is a doubtful species of Cnidium. Flowers white.
Canadian Cnidium. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. See Seseli , p. 311. for culture and propagation.
LXXIV. PETFTIA (in honour of M. Felix Petit, author of
a memoir on the genus Alt /tenia, and who first made known the
present plant by a figure and description). Gay, in ann. sc. nat.
26. p. 219.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx toothless. Petals
lanceolate, entire, with an involute point. Fruit oblong, crowned
by the reflexed styles ; transverse section roundish-elliptic, fur-
rowed on both sides, from the raphe being nearly central, not
marginal ; mericarps rather convex on the back, with 5 con-
tiguous, thick, elevated, wingless, bluntly keeled ribs, therefore
the transverse section is triangular, spongy inside ; lateral ribs
not broader than the rest, nor marginal. Vittae solitary in the
furrows, which are narrow, and twin in the commissure. Seed
adhering to the tegument, compressed, not angular. — A glabrous,
green, biennial herb : with a very long, branched, thick root,
which is spongy inside, and intercepted by transverse, mem-
branous dissepiments. Stem short, nearly simple, thick, fistu-
lar, leafy at the base, striated above, and scabrous at the striae.
Leaves tripinnate ; sheaths large ; rachis srooothish ; lobes
linear, scabrous on the margins, and on the dorsal nerve, mu-
cronate at the apex. Umbels terminal, of many rays : rays 14-
33, very rough, and very unequal : central ones much the
shortest. Involucra wanting, rarely of 2 leaves ; involucels of
from 4-12 linear-subulate, quite entire leaves, which are much
shorter than the umbels. Flowers greenish. Stylopodium large.
1 P. sca'bra (Gay, 1. c.). $ . H. Native of the Eastern
Pyrenees, in the valley called d’Eynes, at a place called La
Cueillade de Nouri, among the debris of schistous rocks, at the
elevation of 7200 feet, a little below the limits of perpetual
snow. Selinum scabrum, Lapeyr. abr. 1813. p. 147. Spreng.
2
UMBELLIFERjE. LXXV. Endressia. LXXVI. Thaspium. LXXVII. Trochiscanthes. LXXVIII. Athamanta. 315
in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 563. Angelica sc&bra, Petit,
inann. sc. obs. 1. p. 99. t. 3. D. C. prod. 4. p. 168.
Scabrous Petitia. PI. ^ to foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a dry situation in spring, in light
earth.
LXXV. ENDRE'SSIA (in honour of M. Endress, a young
botanist, who has travelled in the Pyrenees). Gay, in ann. sc.
nat. 26. p. 223.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx at first
obscure, but increase in length as the fruit comes to maturity ;
they are at last erect and subulate, and longer than the stylo-
podium. Petals without claws, quite entire, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated, and very acute, with an involute point. Fruit com-
pressed a little from the sides, oblong-elliptic, crowned by the
reflexed styles. Mericarps convex on the back ; with 5 distant,
equal, filiform ribs : lateral ribs marginating ; furrows of fruit
very broad ; vittae 6 in the commissure, 4 in the lateral furrows,
and 3 in the dorsal ones, all distinct. Seed adhering. — A pe-
rennial, smooth herb ; with an oblique root, which is naked at
the neck. Stem slender, quite simple, angularly striated, smooth,
unless just under the umbel, where it is scabrous, a foot high,
bearing 2 or 3 leaves. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets sessile, decus-
sate, palmately 3-parted : segments palmately 3-5 -cleft ; lobules
linear, cuspidate. Umbels terminal, small, dense, when in fruit
nearly globose ; with short, stiff, smooth rays. Involucrum
wanting, very rarely of 3-4 leaves; involucels of 1-5 linear-
subulate leaves, which are about equal in length to umbellules,
and sometimes much shorter. Petals white. Stylopodium small.
Carpophore bipartite.
1 E. Pyrena'ica (Gay, 1. c.). 1/ . H. Native of the Eastern
Pyrenees, in alpine or subalpine pastures. Laserpitium simplex,
Lapeyr. abr. p. 152. Ligusticum simplex, Benth. cat. pyr. p.
96. Meum Pyrenaicum, Gay, in D. C. prod. 4. p. 162.
Pyrenees Endressia. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Cenolophium, p. 313. for culture and propagation.
LXXVI. THA'SPIUM (from the Isle of Thapsia, which
gave the name to the Thapsia of the ancients ; in allusion to its
affinity with that genus). Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196. exclusive
of some species. D. C. prod. 4. p. 153.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, tapering into a long, inflexed point. Fruit not
contracted from the sides, somewhat elliptic ; mericarps convex,
with 5 winged, nearly equal ribs; furrows striated, each fur-
nished with 1 vitta : and the commissure with 2. Seed terete.
— Perennial herbs, natives of North America. Involucra want-
ing ; involucels unilateral, of 3 leaves. This is a very distinct
genus from Smyrnium and Ztzia; but it is evidently allied to
Cnidium, from the fruit, but is distinguished from that genus in
the calyx being 5- toothed, in the petals not being emarginate,
in the involucels being 3-leaved, and in habit.
§ 1. Umbels opposite the leaves. Flowers dark purple.
1 T. atropurpu'reum (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196.) radical
leaves petiolate, cordate, undivided ; cauline leaves pinnate, of
3-7 ovate-oblong, cartilaginously toothed, petiolulate leaflets.
14 H. Native from Carolina to Virginia, on hills; frequent
about Philadelphia. Smyrnium atropurpureum, Lam. diet. 3.
p. 667. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 366. Cnidium atropurpureum,
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 418. Flowers greenish while
young, but at length becoming dark purple. Fruit small, with
the wings exserted, and membranous.
Dark pwrpfe-flowered Thaspium. Clt. 1810. PI. 2 feet.
§ 2. Umbels terminal. Flowers yellow.
2 T. barbino'de (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 196.) lower leaves
somewhat triternate : superior ones biternate ; leaflets ovate-
cuneated, acute, unequally and deeply serrated, but entire at the
base. 7/.H. Native about Philadelphia, on the shady banks
of the Schuylkill. Ligusticum barbinode, Michx. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 167. Smyrnium, Muhl. cat. p. 32. Thapsia trifoliata,
Mill. diet. no. 5.? Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 615. Um-
bels dichotomous, terminal. Petals yellow. Fruit elliptic, with
7 wings : the alternating ones larger than the others. Stem pu-
bescent at the joints, the rest glabrous.
Bearded- jointed Thaspium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1700. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
3 T. actam folium (Nutt. 1. c.) leaves biternate : leaflets oval,
equally toothed ; umbels somewhat verticillate : lateral ones
sterile. 14. H. Native of Canada, on the banks of the St.
Lawrence, near Tadoussach; and of Virginia. Ligusticum
actaeifolium, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 166. Herb 3 feet
high. Leaves of involucels setaceous. Fruit oblong-oval, with
10 rather w'inged ribs.
Actcea-leaved Thaspium. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 3 ft.
Cult. The species of this genus will grow in any common
garden soil, but best in peat; and are easily increased by dividing
at the root, or by seed.
LXXVII. TROCHISCA/NTHES(from rpoxLve>, symphuo, to glue
together, and Xw/xa, loma, a fringe ; the margins of the mericarps
are closely joined together). Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 127.
Lin. syst. Pentandria Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals equal, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Stylopodium
without a margin. Styles reflexed. Fruit elliptic, compressed
from the back, flat, with rounded margins ; mericarps closely
joined together at the margins ; with 5 filiform ribs : the 3 dor-
sal ones at equal distances : and the lateral ones more remote
and almost marginating. Vittae wanting or obsolete. Seed
complanate. Carpophore wanting. — A humble herb. Leaves
with 3-5, nearly orbicular leaflets. Involucra none. Petals
red. Fruit very singular in its structure, by the mericarps
being closely joined at the margins.
1 S. grave'olens (Meyer, 1. c.). !£.? H. Native of the
Alps of Tafandagh, in Eastern Caucasus, among fragments of
schist.
Strong- scented Symphyoloma. PI. humble.
Cult. See Pastinaca above for culture and propagation.
CIX. HERACLE'UM (Heracles, Hercules; sacred to
him). Lin. gen. p. 345. Lam. ill. t. 200. Lag. am. nat. 2.
p. 92. Koch, umb. 89. — Heraclbum, Spondylium, and Wendia,
Hoflfm. — Spondylium, Tourn. inst. p. 319. t. 170. — Heracleum
species, Spreng.
Lin. syst. Pentandria , Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point : outer ones usually
radiating and bifid. Fruit flatly compressed from the back,
girded by a flat, dilated margin. Mericarps with slender ribs :
the 3 dorsal ones at equal distances : and the 2 lateral ones re-
mote from the others, contiguous to the dilated margin. Vittae
solitary in the furrows, and usually twin in the commissure, all
flat : dorsal ones 4. — Strong, coarse, robust herbs, with broad,
pinnate, ternate, or lobed leaves ; petioles large and sheathing.
Umbels of many rays. Involucra caducous, usually of few
leaves ; involucels of many leaves. The species are extremely
intricate, and difficult to define.
Sect. I. Tetrat/e'nium (from rrrpa, tetra, four, and ratvia,
tainia, vitta; in reference to the commissure being furnished
with 4 vittae). D. C. prod. 4. p. 191. Commissure furnished
with 4 vittae. Flowers not radiating, cream-coloured.
1 H. Nepale'nsis (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 185.) stem fur-
rowed, rather hairy ; lower leaves having the petioles twice
trifid, biternate : with tripartite leaflets ; upper leaves ternate :
with rather 3-lobed leaflets ; leaflets all ovate, acute, and equally
serrated, rather hairy above, and pubescent along the nerves
beneath ; fruit elliptic ; commissure furnished with 4 vittae.
y. h. Native of Nipaul. Flowers equal, yellowish. Knees
of stems bearded with white wool.
Nipaul Cow-parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
2 H. obtusifolium (Wall. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.)
stem striated, pubescent ; leaves ternate or 3-lobed, roundish-
cordate ; leaflets or lobes obtuse, with a few coarse teeth, rather
hairy above, and beset with whitish pubescence beneath ; umbels
of many rays; fruit obovate; commissure furnished with 4
vittae. l/.H. Native of Nipaul. Dorsal vittae linear. Flowers
not radiating, cream-coloured.
Obtuse-leaved Cow-parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
3 H. ri'gens (Wall. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.) stem
striated, pubescent ; leaves ternate, with the petioles rather hairy ;
leaflets petiolate, orbicular, rather cordate at the base, toothed,
scabrous from hairs above, pubescent beneath ; upper leaves
bluntly trifid ; fruit obovate-elliptic ; commissure furnished
with 4 vittae. 1/ . H. Native of the East Indies. Conium
rigens, Heyne, ex Wall. Leaves of involucels lanceolate, stri-
ated, puberulous on the outside. Flowers not radiating, cream-
coloured. Dorsal vittae of fruit linear.
Stiff Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 to 4 feet?
Sect. II. Euheracle'um (from eu, well, and Heracleum ; this
section contains what are considered the true species of the
genus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 191. — Heracleum, Hoflfm. umb. p.
141. D. C. prod. 4. p. 191. Commissure of fruit furnished
with 2 vittae. Umbels equal or radiating. Petals greenish-
yellow.
4 H. flave'scens (Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 214.) leaves pin-
nate, rough from hairs ; leaflets ovate or oblong ; flowers yel-
lowish, not radiating ; commissure furnished with 2 vittae. 1/ .
H. Native from Dauphiny to Siberia, in the grassy parts of
mountains. Jacq. aust. 2. t. 173.
Var. a, latif olium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.) leaflets lobed or
palmately-parted, unequally crenate-serrated ; flowers uniform,
not radiating ; fruit orbicularly oval, glabrous, emarginate at
the apex. H. Native of Tauria, Caucasus, Siberia, Da-
huria, and many other parts of Russia, in rather humid mea-
dows. H. Sibiricum, Lin. mant. 354. Bieb. fl. taur. and
suppl.no. 558. Hoflfm. umb. 143. t. 1. B. f. 1. Schult. syst.
6. p. 475. H. Austrlacum, Pall. ind. taur. Spondylium con-
forme, Moench, meth. p. 83. — Gmel. sib. 1. t. 50. From this
plant a spirit is drawn at Kamtschatka, called raka, as related in
Cook’s voy. 3. p. 337. where the process of making the spirit
is described. It is used also as food.
Var. /3, an gust if olium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 191.) leaflets oblong,
lanceolate, or linear, sinuately toothed, ultimate ones confluent.
T/.H. Native of Dauphiny, Vallais, Austria, Russia, &c. in
waste, grassy fields. H. angustifolium, Lin. mant. 56. Jacq.
fl. aust. t. 173. H. Sibiricum of Lin. has been raised from the
seeds of H. angustifolium.
Yellowish Cow-parsnip. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1789. PI. 4 to 6 ft.
5 H. Orsi'ni (Guss. pi. rar. p. 133. t. 27.) stem furrowed,
muricated, almost simple ; leaves simple, cordate, glabrous on
both surfaces, rather coriaceous, obscurely lobed, and tripartite,
342
U MBELLIFERyE. CIX. Heracleum.
crenate-serrated ; lobes acuminated ; flowers rather radiating ;
involucra almost wanting; leaves of involucels linear; fruit
obovate. 1/ . H. Native of Abruzzo, in gravelly parts of
mountains. Habit of H. alpinum , but the flowers are greenish.
Commissure of fruit furnished with 2 vittae.
Orsin’s Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 H. au'reum (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 282. prod. 1.
p. 192.) stem much branched; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lobed,
cut, pubescent: of the radical ones roundish ; umbels usually of
3 rays ; flowers radiating ; fruit orbicular ; involucra and invo-
lucels almost wanting ; vittae semi-circular. $ . H. Native
on Mount Parnassus. Habit of Pastinaca sativa ; but the petals
are obcordate, with an inflexed mucrone. Flowers golden yel-
low. Vittae linear.
Golden-ft owered Cow-parsnip. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. III. Spondy'lium (a-rrovbvXog, spondylos, vertebra ; re-
semblance in the articulations of the stem). Hoffm. umb. p. 129.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 192. Commissure of fruit furnished with 2
vittae. Umbels of many rays, radiating. Petals white.
7 H. longifolium (Jacq. aust. t. 174.) leaves scabrous, pin-
nate, or pinnatifid from the coalition of the leaflets ; leaflets or
lobes elongated, deeply crenated ; leaves of involucels linear-
setaceous ; fruit glabrous, cuneiform. 74. H. Native of Aus-
tria, in alpine meadows. Host. fl. austr. 1. p. 374. An inter-
mediate species between H. Jlavescens and Spondylium. Petals
at first green, but at length becoming white, obcordate : outer
ones radiating a little. Fruit larger and much more cuneated
than in the above-mentioned species.
Long-leaved Cow-parsnip, Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1800. PI. 6 ft.
8 H. palmati'lobum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.) upper cauline
leaves 5-parted from the top of the sheath, or 3-parted; outer
lobes bipartite, all elongated, coarsely toothed, glabrous above,
but roughish beneath ; leaves of involucels linear-setaceous ;
fruit glabrous in all states, obovate. 1/ . H. Native country
unknown. Flowers white, radiating a little. It differs from
H. Spondylium in the leaves being palmate-parted, not pinnate-
parted, less rough, and in the fruit being more obovate. Pro-
bably H. elegans of many authors is the same as this species.
Palmate-lobed- leaved Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
9 H. Spondy'lium (Lin. spec. 1. p. 358.) leaves ternate, pin-
nate, or pinnatifid from the coalition of the leaflets, scabrous ;
leaflets pinnatifid, cut, and serrated ; leaves of involucels lan-
ceolate, membranous, finely fringed, with long taper points ; fruit
orbicular, glabrous. $ . H. Native of Europe, and probably
of Siberia, in hedges, the borders of fields, and rather moist
meadows, very common ; plentiful in some parts of Britain.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 939. Hayn. arz. gew. 7. t. 10. H. pro-
teiforme, Ci-antz, aust. 3. p. 11. H. branca ursina, All. pedem.
no. 1291. Spondylium Raii, syn. 205. Ger. emac. 1009. with
a figure. Camer. epit. 548. with a figure. Riv. pent. irr. t. 4.
and of many other old authors. Spondylium branca, Scop,
earn. no. 335. Spondylium branca ursina, Hoffm. umb. 132.
t. 1. f. 11. — Acanthus Germanica, Fuchs, hist. 53. with a figure.
Cow-parsnip. Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. f. 1. Root taper-shaped,
whitish, aromatic, sweetish, and rather mucilaginous. Stem
rough, with white hairs. Flowers more or less radiant, white
or reddish. The whole plant is wholesome and nourishing food
for cattle ; and is gathered in Sussex for fattening hogs, being
known by the name of hog-weed. The seeds are strong-scented,
and are accounted diuretic and stomachic. Linnaeus says the
plant is used in Scania against dysentery. Gmelin says that
the inhabitants of Kamtschatka, about the beginning of July,
collect the footstalks of the radical leaves, and after peeling off
the rind (which is very acrid) dry them separately in the sun, and
then tying them in bundles, lay them up carefully in the shade
1
in bags ; in this state they are covered with a yellow saccharine
efflorescence, tasting like liquorice ; this being shaken off is
eaten as a great delicacy. The Russians distil an ardent spirit
from the stalks thus prepared, by first fermenting them in water,
with the greater bilberries ( Faccinium uligindsum), which Gme-
lin says is more agreeable to the taste than spirits made from
corn.
Far. /3, angustifolium (Smith, fl. brit. 307.) leaves deeply
pinnatifid ; the 2 lowest lobes elongated, and spreading in a
radiating manner. $ . H. Native of Yorkshire. Mr. Wood-
ward has found this variety growing on the same root with the
common kind.
Far. y, elegans (Jacq. austr. t. 175.) leaflets decussate, nar-
row, toothed. $ . H. Native of Austria, Piedmont, &c.
Far. S, laciniatum (Desf. hort. par. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.)
leaflets cuneated, ovate, coarsely and deeply serrated. $ . H.
Native country unknown.
Far. £, subcanescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.) leaves canescent
beneath. $ . H. Native of France. This variety differs
from H. Pyrenaica in the ovaries being glabrous.
Spondylium or Common Cow-parsnip. Fl. Jul. Brit. PI. 4 ft.
10 H. Ca'sficum (Hortul. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.) leaves
pinnate, scabrous ; leaflets elongated, cut, and toothed, acumin-
ated ; leaves of involucrum linear, broadest at the base ; leaves
of involucels setaceous, ciliated on both sides with long villi ;
fruit obovate, glabrous in all stages. 1/ . H. Native about the
Caspian sea. This species is sufficiently distinct from any of the
varieties of H. Spondylium.
Caspian Cow-parsnip. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? PL 4 feet.
11 H. ca'ndicans (Wall. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 192.)
leaves ternate, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, as well as
on the stems and petioles, but smoothish above ; leaflets petiolu-
late, cuneated at the base, trifid or pinnatifid : lobes irregularly
toothed ; leaves of involucels linear, acuminated, about equal in
length to the rays ; fruit obovate-oblong ; vittae linear. 74 • H.
Native of the north of India, at Deyradoon and Kamaon.
Whitened Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
12 H. lana'tum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 166.) leaves
ternate, petiolate, tomentose beneath : upper ones 3-lobed ;
leaflets petiolate, broad-ovate, roundish-cordate, lobed ; leaves
of involucels small, subulate ; fruit broadly obcordate, oval.
I/.H. Native of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Canada, as far
as the Mackenzie river ; moist banks of streams in north-west
America, in humid pastures. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 181.
Begel. fl. bot. p. 67. Torr. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 313. H. Spon-
dylium, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 39. Petals said to
be oblong. The plant is said to be very nearly allied to H. Spon-
dylium, but very distinct. The roots and stems of this plant
are eaten by the Chenook Indians ; and by the Cree Indians,
under the name of Penpoon antic ; i.e. flute stem ; and the young
stems are used by them as a pot-herb.
Woolly Cow-parsnip. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 4 feet.
13 H. corda'tum (Presl, del. prag. p. 135.) leaves ternate;
leaflets cordate-ovate, petiolulate, lobately pinnatifid, mucro-
nately toothed, hispid beneath, as well as the petioles and stem,
which is furrowed ; leaves of involucels linear ; involucra want-
ing ; fruit glabrous, obovate, somewhat emarginate at the apex.
74. H. Native of Sicily, in humid groves on the Nebrodes.
Root black, sweet-scented, and is called Angelica by the Sici-
lians, and is used for the same purposes by them. H. Spondy-
lium and H. Panaces Ucria, ex Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 364.
Cordrttc-leafletted Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 to 6 feet ?
14 H. Pyrena'icum (Lam. diet. 1. p. 403.) leaves very large,
palmatifid, hoary from tomentum beneath ; leaflets lanceolate,
toothed or ternate ; involucra of few leaves : young fruit co-
vered with long hairs : adult ones glabrous, nearly orbicular.
UMBELLIFERiE. CIX. Heracleum.
343
$ . H. Native of the Eastern and Central Pyrenees, in rugged
places ; and of Italy, on the mountains ; as well as of Croatia,
Tyrol, and about Verona. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 315. H. ampli-
folium, Lapeyr. abr. p. 153. Poll. ver. 1. p. 339. and H. seto-
sum, Lap. suppl. p. 44. ex Benth. cat. p. 89. H. platyphyllum,
Ram. pyr. ined. H. alplnum/3, Pers. All the other synonymes
added to this plant by Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 577. are
wrong or doubtful.
Pyrenean Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. PI. 4
to 6 feet.
15 H. Pa'naces (Lin. spec. p. 358.) leaves pinnate, canes-
cent beneath ; leaflets on long petioles, cordate, usually 3-lobed,
toothed ; leaves of involucels linear-setaceous ; young fruit
bearing a few scattered hairs. $ . H. Native of the southern
Alps of Europe. Lob. icon. t. 701. f. 2. Mor. ox. sect. 9. t.
17. f. 3. H. setosum, Lapeyr. abr. p. 153?
True Cow-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. PI. 6 feet.
16 H. a'sperum (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 224.) stem rough
from strigae ; leaves deeply lobed, serrated, acute, scabrous
above, pubescent beneath ; umbels of 40 rays ; leaves of invo-
lucra setaceous ; fruit orbicularly elliptic, when young rather
scabrous. $ . H. Native of the north of Caucasus, on Mount
Beschtau ; and according to Koch also of the Alps of Bavaria
and Tyrol. Spondylium asperum, Hoffm. umb. p. 134. Dorsal
vittae 2 longer than the lateral ones ; all filiform ; those in the
commissure evidently clavate. In the cultivated plant the fruit
is nearly glabrous even when young.
Rough Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 6 to 8 ft.
17 H. villosum (Fisch. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 579.) leaves
sinuately pinnatifid, sharply serrated, acuminated, clothed with
hoary tomentum beneath ; leaves of involucra and involucels
setaceous, deflexed ; umbels sparingly radiant ; fruit elliptic,
ciliated, woolly on the back. $ . H. Native of Caucasus, in
gravelly places on the margins of rivulets. Stev. obs. 1828. p.
72. H. Pyren&icum, Bieb. fl. et suppl. no. 559. but not of Lam.
H. decipiens and H. marginatum, Hoffm. umb. p. 134. and 135.
and probably H. giganteum, Horn. hort. hafn. ex Prescott.
Leaves as in H. Pyrenaicum hoary beneath, but differs in the
young fruit being tomentose, and in the adult ones being roughly
ciliated. Vittae broad ; the dorsal ones drawn out beyond the
middle, and filling the furrows ; the commissural ones short,
rarely somewhat branched. There are varieties with larger
and smaller fruit.
Far. [3, subvilldsum (Hoffm. umb. gen.) fruit covered by scat-
tered rather loose hairs ; leaves less canescent beneath.
Villous Cow-parsnip. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. PI. 4 to 6 feet.
18 H. pube'scens (Bieb. suppl. p. 225.) leaves pubescent be-
neath ; cauline leaves ternate ; leaflets somewhat palmately pin-
natifid, toothed ; segments and recesses acute ; umbels of many
rays; involucra of 1-2 leaves; involucels short, caducous, of
few leaves ; fruit elliptic, having the disk rather villous. $ . H.
Native of the south of Tauria, in shady places ; and of Eastern
Caucasus, in alpine places. Spondylium pub^scens, Hoffm.
umb. p. 134. H. speciosum, Ledeb. hort. dorp. 77. H. Pa-
naces, Steven, mem. mosc. 3. p. 259 ? To this species is pro-
bably referrible the H. gummlferum, Willd. enum. p. 312. hort.
berol. 1. p. 53. t. 53. and t. 54. It differs, however, from H.
Pyrenaicum and H. Panaces, in the young fruit being clothed
with short down, not with long spreading down. Fruit glabrous
in the adult state ; having the dorsal vittae slender, and drawn out
beyond the middle, and being suddenly dilated into a club-shaped
form at the apex. The young shoots are filled with a sweet
aromatic juice, which is called Baldergan by the natives of Cau-
casus, and is eaten by them in a crude state.
Pubescent Cow-parsnip. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
19 H. barba'tum (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 303.) leaves pin-
nate, with 2 pairs of leaflets ; lower leaflets and terminal one
sinuately pinnate-parted, petiolate : lobes acuminated, serrated :
serratures ovate, acuminated ; umbels radiant : fruit elliptic, be-
set with a few pili, somewhat emarginate at the apex ; vittae in
the commissure parallel. $ . H. Native of Altaia, in moun-
tain meadows. Stem furrowed like the rest, beset with rigid
pili, which rise from a callous or blackish point, and which are
usually retrograde on the lower part of the stem ; bearded
with numerous pili at the knees. Petioles hispid, bearded at
the insertion of the petioles. Leaves pubescent beneath, but
green and furnished with a few stiff hairs beneath at the veins.
Involucrum of one or few leaves, caducous ; involucels of a few
linear permanent leaves. To this plant may be referred the one
in Gmel. fl. sib. 1. p. 213. no. 29. which Linnaeus has cited for
his H. Panaces. It is called Sladkajatrawa , i. e. a sweet herb,
by the natives of Siberia, a name given by them to many other
plants, as to Liquorice and Milk-vetch, &c.
Bearded Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 feet.
20 H. disse'ctum (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 304. fl. alt. 1. p.
301.) leaves ternate ; leaflets petiolulate : lateral leaflets pinnate-
parted : terminal one palmate-parted : segments cut or pinnatifid,
oblong, acuminated, serrated ; umbels radiant ; mericarps orbi-
cularly elliptic, at length glabrous ; commissural vittae diverg-
ing. $ . H. Native of Altaia, in meadows, near Tschets-
chulicha, and the metal mines at Riddersk ; and elsewhere. H.
laciniatum, Fisch. in litt. ? Stem deeply furrowed, sparingly
pilose, hispid at the joints, villous towards the top. Leaves his-
pid above from a few thick hairs, but paler and pubescent be-
neath. Involucra wanting ; involucels of a few linear leaves,
which are variable in length. Flowers white.
Dissected- leaved Cow-parsnip. Fl. July. PI. 3 feet.
21 H. Dougla'sii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 193.) leaves scabrous
beneath, and on the petioles, glabrous above, ternate ; leaflets
petiolulate, cordate, 3-5-lobed, acuminated, toothed ; leaves of
involucra numerous, subulate at the apex ; fruit obovate, gla-
brous : dorsal vittae elongated, rather club-shaped ; commissural
vittae 2, short, rather club-shaped, and 2 other small, nearly
abortive ones. 1£. H. Native of the north-west coast of Ame-
rica. This may prove nothing but a variety of H. lanatum.
Douglas's Cow-parsnip. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
22 H. cuneiforme (D. C. prod. 4. p. 194.) leaves hispid be-
neath, as well as the petioles, glabrous above, pinnate ; leaflets
3-5, petiolulate, cordate, lobed ; lobes toothed, hardly acumi-
nated ; leaves of involucra many subulate ; fruit obovate-cu-
neated, glabrous ; dorsal vittae filiform ; commissural vittae 2,
rather clavate. %. H. Native country unknown, but probably
of Siberia.
Cuneiform-fruited Cow-parsnip. PI. 4 feet?
23 H. ligusticifolium (Bieb. fl. et suppl. no. 560.) leaves
decompound, ternate or quinately pinnate, smoothish ; leaflets
cuneated, obtuse, deeply serrated ; fruit villous ; vittae filiform,
acute. $ . H. Native of Tauria, on stony hills ; and of Cau-
casus, in subalpine places above Nikita, ex Stev. obs. 1828. p.
71. H. montanum, Georgi in Willd. herb. ex Stev. Stem an-
gular, pubescent, as well as the young leaves. Flowers white,
radiant. Commissural vittae equal in length to the dorsal ones.
Lovage-leaved Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816.
PI. 2 feet.
24 H. Cauca'sicum (Stev. mem. soc. hist. nat. mosc. 3. p.
259.) leaves ternate; leaflets on long petioles, toothed, glabrous
above, pubescently scabrous beneath : intermediate one 3-lobed.
$ . H. Native of Caucasus, on the mountains, at the river Ju-
charibasch. Flowers white, rather radiant. A plant like this
from Iberia has the upper leaves ovate and 3-lobed, on long
petioles, and the young fruit bristly.
Caucasian Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 4 ft.
344
UMBELLIFERyE. CIX. Heracleum. CX. Zozimia.
25 H. hu'mile (Sibth, et Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 193.)
leaves rather bipinnate, cut, pubescent ; stem nearly simple ;
umbels 4-7-rayed ; fruit orbicular, smoothish. %. H. Native
of Greece, on Mount Olympus. Umbels large. Stems hardly
a hand high. Vittae of fruit 4, red, oblong : the dorsal ones
attaining the length of the middle.
Humble Cow-parsnip. PI. \ to ■§ foot.
Sect. IV. Carme'lia (from Mount Carmelo, the habitation of
the species). D. C. prod. 4. p. 194. Fruit ornamented with
thick adpressed stiff bristles. Vittae not sufficiently known, but
there are probably 4 dorsal ones, and 2 filiform hardly clavate
commissural ones. Petals hispid ; exterior ones radiant. Per-
haps a proper genus, or perhaps only a species of Zozimia or
Pastinaca.
26 H. Carme'li (Labill. syr. dec. 5. p. 3. t. 1.) leaves pin-
nate, scabrous from adpressed down beneath ; leaflets ovate-
oblong, deeply toothed : extreme one rather cordate, 3-lobed ;
rays of umbel 5, very unequal, contracted after flowering. $ .
H. Native of Syria, on Mount Carmel. Involucra and invo-
lucels composed of erect permanent setaceous leaves. Bristles
on the stem and branches retrograde.
Carmelo Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
Sect. V. We'ndtia (in honour of Frederick de Wendt, M. D.
Professor of Medicine at Erlang). D. C. prod. 4. p. 194.
Wendia, Hoffm. umb. p. 136. Bieb. suppl. 227. Commissure
without vittae, or with 2 small obliterated vittae. Umbels ra-
diant. Petals white or rather rose-coloured.
27 H. alpi'num (Lin. spec. p. 359.) leaves cordate-roundish,
smooth, palmately 5-cleft : lobes bluntish, crenately toothed,
rarely cut ; leaves of involucels setaceous ; fruit obovate-orbi-
cular. H. Native of the Alps of Jura, in pastures, and at
the borders of woods ; as well as of the Alps of Daupluny,
Provence, and the Pyrenees. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 316. H. testi-
culatum, Lapeyr. suppl. p. 43. — C. Bauh. prod. 83. with a
figure. — Barrel, icon. t. 55.
Alpine Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
28 H. Austri acum (Jacq. austr. t. 61.) leaves pinnate, with
2-3 pairs of leaflets, scabrous from scattered hairs on both sur-
faces ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, doubly serrated : terminal one
somewhat 3-lobed. 2/.H. Native of Austria, Carniola, and
Transylvania, in alpine meadows. Crantz, austr. 153. t. 1.
Spondylium Austriacum, Scop. earn. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 204. t. 1.
To this Sprengel refers Tordylium siifolium, Scop. earn. no.
318. t. 8. but it differs in the petals being red, and in the fruit
being hispid from villi.
Austrian Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. PI. 2 ft.
29 H. Choroda'num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 194.) lower leaves
ovate, somewhat lobed, serrated : superior ones cruciately pinnate ;
leaflets linear, all rather canescent beneath from down. $ . H.
Native of Caucasus, about Nartzana and Kobi, among grass on
the mountains. Said not to be distinct from H. Austriacum by
Stev. obs. 1828. p. 70. Heracleum longifolium, Bieb. fl. taur.
I. p. 223. exclusive of the synonymes. Wendia Chorodanum,
Hoffm. umb. 139. t. 1. /3, and in lit. f. 12, 13. Fruit obovate.
Commissural vittae wanting ; but there are 4 dorsal ones which
are clavate, and hardly attaining a third part of the length of the
fruit. There is also a variety of this with rose-coloured flowers
(H. roseum, Stev. in mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 260.) and more
humble stem.
Chorodanum Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
30 H. mi'nimum (Lam. diet. 1. p. 403.) plant dwarf, gla-
brous ; leaves nearly all radical, bipinnate : leaflets lanceolate-
linear, cut a little ; involucra usually of one leaf ; involucels
wanting. 2/ . H. Native of the Alps of Dauphiny, but rare.
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 316. H. bipinnatum, Cuss. H. pumilum,
Vill. dauph. 2. p. 640. t. 14. Peucedanum Vocontiorum,
Spreng. umb. spec. 51. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 571. It differs
from Peucedanum in the petals being deeply emarginate ; in the
fruit being oval and flattened ; in the vittae extending nearly to
the middle of the fruit, filiform, not saccate. It may hereafter
prove also to be generically distinct from Heracleum.
Small Cow-parsnip. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. VI. Trichogonium (from rpi-gpc, thrix trichos, a
hair, and ywvia, gonia, an angle ; in reference to the stems being
bearded at the joints or knees). D. C. prod. 4. p. 195. Com-
missure without any vittae. Umbels not radiant. Petals yel-
lowish. Stems woolly or bearded at the joints.
31 H. Walei'chii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 195.) stem terete, hairy
at the base, glabrous except at the knees or joints; leaves ter-
nate, having a few scattered pili above, and bearing a few small
ones at the nerves beneath ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, ser-
rated, undivided, or the lateral leaflets of the lower leaves are
2-lobed, and the terminal one 3-lobed. Involucra of 1-2 deci-
duous leaves.- — Native of Nipaul. Fruit obovate, nearly orbi-
cular, with 5 slender ribs. Vittae 4, linear, drawn out a little
beyond the middle of the mericarps.
Wallich's Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 to 4 feet?
t Species hardly known, but most of them may prove to be
synonymous with those described above.
32 H. tubero'sum (Molin. chil. ed. germ. p. 115. ex Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1423.) leaves pinnate: with 7 leaflets; flowers ra-
diant; root yellow, composed of tubers. %. F. Native of
Chili. The rest unknown.
Tuberous-rooted Cow-parsnip. PI. 2 to 3 feet?
33 H. Tau'ricum (Fisch. in litt. ex Loud. hort. brit. p. 109.)
$ . H. Native of Siberia. Perhaps the same as H. villdsum.
Taurian Cow-parsnip. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 5 feet.
34 H. verruco'sum (Stev. in litt. ex Loud. hort. brit. p.
109.) $. H. Native of Tauria. Perhaps the same as H.
dsperum.
Warted- stemmed Cow-parsnip. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
PI. 7 to 8 feet.
Cult. All the species grow well in any soil, and are all easily
increased by seed ; and some of the perennial ones by dividing
at the root.
CX. ZOZFMIA (in honour of A. N. and Z. Zozima, distin-
guished editors of the Greek classics). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 145.
t.l.fi, f. 9. (under Zozima,) Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 39. Bieb.
suppl. 229. Koch, umb. 88. D. C. prod. 4. p. 195. — HeracRum
and Tordylium species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentundria , Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals
obovate, emarginate, with an indexed point. Fruit flatly com-
pressed from the back, and rather convex in the middle, more or
less hairy, girded by a smooth thickened dilated margin. Meri-
carps with very slender ribs, the 3 dorsal ones at equal distances,
and the 2 lateral ones more remote, and contiguous to the
dilated margin. Vittae covering the whole seed, the dorsal ones
solitary between the ribs, 4 on the back of each mericarp, and
so large as to fill the furrows ; but having 2 broad ones in the
commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flat. — Herbs, natives
of the Levant, with decompound leaves, compound umbels,
many leaved involucra and involucels, and white flowers, which
are not radiant. This is an intermediate genus between Hera-
cleum and Tordylium ; but differs from the first of these in the
margin of the fruit being thickened, not flat ; and from the last
in the margin of the fruit being smooth, not tubercular ; and
from both in the form and disposition of the vittae.
UMBELLIFERiE. CX. Zozimia. CXI. Polyt^nia. CXII. Johrenia. CXIII. Hasselquistia, &c. 345
1 Z. absinthifoli a (D. C. prod. 4. p. 195.) stem farrowed ;
leaves supra-decompound, hoary and pilose ; leaflets lanceolate,
rather remote, and somewhat trifid, cuneate at the base, short.
$ . H. Native of the Levant, between Bagdad and Kermaneha ;
of Siberia, about Tiflis ; of Caucasus, on Mount Beschtau, and
on the mountains of Talusch, near Swant ; and of Persia in
stony places about Seidkhodzi. Heracleum absinthifolium,
Vent, choix. t. 22. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 582. Sibth, fl. graec. t.
281. Heracleum tomentosum, Smith, prod. 1. p. 192. Tordy-
lium absinthifolium, Pers. ench. 1. p. 314. Zozima Orientalis,
Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 148. t. 4. Pastinaca incana, Willd. herb, ex
Stev. obs. ined. Pastinaca dissecta, Cels. hort. Leaves of in-
volucra hoary ; of the involucels about equal in length to the
umbellules, which are dense. Fruit villous in the disk between
the 3 dorsal ribs ; but smooth on the margins.
Wormrvood-leaved Zozimia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI.
2 feet.
2 Z. anethifo'lia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 196.) stem terete;
leaves supra-decompound, glabrous, glaucous ; leaflets linear,
acute. $. H. Native of Persia, between Teheran and Ispa-
han. Habit of the first species. Involucra small, glabrous.
Fruit more of an orbicular form than in H. absinthifolium, and
beset with scattered down over the whole disk, but when young
rather pilose.
Fennel-leaved Zozimia. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. The seeds of these plants should be sown in the open
ground in spring. A light soil suits them best.
CXI. POLYTiE'NIA (from 7ro\v, poly, many, and taivia,
tainia, vitta ; the mericarps are furnished with many vittae).
D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 53. t. 13. prod. 4. p. 197.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals
oval, emarginate, with an indexed point. Fruit oval, compressed
from the back, which is lenticular, quite glabrous, with a smooth
tumid margin, and a depressed dorsal area. Mericarps with
very slender hardly distinct ribs. Vittae twin between the ribs
on the back, and 6 in the commissure. Carpophore indistinct.
Seed complanate. — An American glabrous herb. Upper leaves
tripartite, opposite. Lateral flowering branches opposite. Um-
bels terminal. Involucra none. Leaves of involucels setaceous.
Flowers yellowish in the dried state. This genus is allied on
the one hand to Zozimia, and on the other to Tordylium.
1 P. Nutta'llii (D. C. 1. c.) Native of North America, in
the Arkansa territory. Tordylium Americanum, Nutt. mss.
Stem nearly terete. Leaflets trifid, cuneated at the base ; lobes
lanceolate, toothed at the apex.
Nuttall's Polytaenia. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Zozimia above for culture and propagation.
CXII. JOHRE'NIA (in honour of Mart. Dan. Johreni, who
was the first to introduce the dichotomous method in botany).
D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 54. t. 1. f. C. prod. 4. p. 196.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx obsolete,
very blunt. Petals unknown. Stylopodium short, conical, a
little furrowed ; styles short, diverging, at length deciduous.
Fruit oval, lenticularly compressed from the back, quite gla-
brous, rather spongy and suberose, with a tumid smooth margin,
and a flat rather coloured dorsal area. Mericarps with 3 dorsal
filiform ribs, which at length become brownish, and therefore
probably contain vittae ; the 2 lateral ribs usually indistinct in the
dilated margin : but sometimes rufous, and of the form of vittae.
Commissure spongy, without any vittae, but furnished with 2
lines. Carpophore bipartite. Seed complanate. — A quite gla-
brous herb, native of the Levant. Stem terete, dichotomous.
Lower leaves bipinnate ; leaflets opposite, 2 pairs and an odd
one, distant, divided into 2-5 linear acute lobes, which are con-
VOL. III.
fluent at the base ; superior leaves parted into 3 linear elon-
gated, quite entire lobes ; upper ones reduced to a narrow elon-
gated sheath. Umbels of 6-8 rays. Involucrum wanting or of
one leaf ; involucels of 4-5 linear-setaceous leaves.
1 J. dicho'toma (D. C. 1. c.) — Native of the East, at Mount
Lebanon. Hippomarathrum crithmi folio flore luteo, Vaill. herb.
Dichotomous Johrenia. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
Cult. See Zozimia above for culture and propagation.
Tribe VIII.
TORDYLI'NEdE (plants agreeing with Tordylium in im-
portant characters), or Orthospermae paucijugatae annulatae,
Koch, umb. p. 55. D. C. prod. 4. p. 196. Fruit lenticularly
or flatly compressed from the back, girded by a thick dilated
thickened knotted or plicate margin. Mericarps with 5 very
slender or obsolete ribs : lateral ribs contiguous to the dilated
margin, or forming the same. Seed flat. This tribe differs
from tribe Peucedanece, in the margin of the fruit being ribbed
or plicate, not smooth, and quite entire.
CXIII. HASSELQUI'STIA (so named by Linnaeus in honour
of his pupil Fred. Hasselquist, M.D. who travelled in the Holy
Land, &c. and died at Smyrna in 1752: his travels are pub-
lished). Lin. gen. 341. Spreng. umb. prod. p. 11. Koch, umb.
88. D. C. prod. 4. p. 197. — Tordylium species, Lam. ill. t.
193. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 93.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; outer ones
radiant, bifid. Fruit round the rays of the umbels flatly com-
pressed, with a somewhat thickened accessory winged margin,
which is hardly tubercularly wrinkled ; those of the disk dissi-
milar, having one of the mericarps contracted into a hemis-
pherical urceolus around the other, which is abortive. Meri-
carps with very slender ribs, the 3 dorsal ones at equal distances,
and the 2 lateral ones contiguous to the thickened margin, or
covered by it. Vittae filiform, one in each furrow, and 2 in the
commissure. Carpophore bipartite. Seed flattened. This
genus hardly differs from Tordylium unless in the unequal meri-
carps of the fruit, and in their margins being hardly wrinkled,
and quite smooth in the disk on both sides, as in Heracleum.
1 H. jEgypti'aca (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 270. exclusive of the
synonymes,) stem hispid ; leaves scabrous, pinnate; leaflets pin-
natifid ; segments bluntly lobed ; involucra and involucels small,
setaceous. ©. H. Native of Egypt and of Syria, on the
sea shore. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 87. Tordylium TEgyptiacum,
Lam. ill. t. 193. f. 2. Poir. diet. 7- p. 711. Flowers white.
In this species the flowers sometimes have 3-4 styles. Carpo-
phore green. Styles white, erect.
Egyptian Hasselquistia. Fl. July. Clt. 1768. PI. lg foot.
2 H. corda'ta (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 179.) plant pubescent;
lower leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, rather cordate ; superior
leaves simple, cordate, toothed ; leaves of involucra and invo-
lucels numerous, setaceous, reflexed. ©. H. Native of the
Levant. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 193. Tordylium cordiitum,
Poir. diet. 7. p. 712. Rays of umbels hispid. Leaves of invo-
lucels subulate, longer than the umbellules. Flowers white.
Fruit as in most of the species of Tordylium few, but unequal,
as in Hasselquistia.
Cordate-\ea\ed Hasselquistia. Fl.July. Clt. 1787. PI. 2 ft.
Cult. The species being natives of warm climates, the plants
are difficult to preserve through the winter. The surest way to
procure good seed is to sow in autumn, and preserve the plants
in a frame or green-house till spring, when they should be
planted out in a warm sheltered situation.
CXIV. TORDY LIUM (ropdvXiov of Dioscorides ; said to
Yy
346
UMBELLIFERjE. CXIV. Tordylium. CXV. Tordylopsis.
be from ropvoe, tornos, a lathe, and iWco, illo, to turn ; seeds).
Tourn. inst. 320. t. 170. Lin. gen. no. 330. Spreng. prod. umb.
p. 1 1 . D. C. prod. 4. p. 1 97.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an indexed point ; outer ones
radiating and bifid. Fruit flatly compressed from the back,
girded by a rugged tubercular thick accessory margin. Meri-
carps with very slender ribs ; the 3 dorsal ribs at equal dis-
tances, and the 2 lateral ones contiguous to the thickened mar-
gin, or covered by it. Vittae filiform, one or more in the fur-
rows, and 2 or more in the commissure. Carpophore bipartite.
Seed complanate. — Herbs, with pinnate leaves ; leaflets ovate,
deeply toothed. Involucra of many leaves. Flowers white.
The two sections differ from each other in die number of vittae.
Sect. I. Eutordy'lium (from eu, well, and tordylium; this
section is supposed to contain the true species of the genus).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 197. — Tordylium, Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 198. t.
3. f. 3-4. A. Koch, umb. 87. f. 24, 25. Vittae solitary in the
furrows, and twin in the commissure.
1 T. Syriacum (Lin. spec. p. 345.) plant pubescent; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets roundish, repandly toothed : terminal one
ovate; involucra and involucels longer than the umbels. ©. FI.
Native of Syria, Caria, Asia Minor, and Greece. Jacq. hort.
vind. 1. t. 54. Riv. pent. t. 3. Barrel, icon. t. 349. — Mor. ox.
sect. 9. t. 1 6. f. 7. There is a variety of this with a simple
erect stem ; and another with diffuse procumbent stems.
Syrian Hart-wort. FI. July. Clt. 1597. PI. 1 foot high or
procumbent.
2 T. ma'ximum (Lin. spec. 345.) stem scabrous or hispid from
retrograde bristles ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, deeply
serrated and notched : terminal one elongated ; leaves of involucra
and involucels linear, shorter than the umbels. ©. H. Native
of middle and south Europe, Caucasus, and the Levant, in corn-
fields. In England on banks and waste ground, but rare ; about
London ; under a hedge on the north side of the parks, Oxford ;
in a hedge about half a mile from Eton. Smith, engl. bot.
1173. Jacq. austr. t. 142. — Mor. ox. 3. p. 316. sect. 9. t. 16.
f. 1. — Rivin. pent. irr. t. 1. — Lob. icon. 737. Heracleum Tor-
dylium, Spreng. spec. umb. 49. T. magnum, Brot. and T.
Lusitanicum, Willd. does not differ from this species ac-
cording to Link. Stem erect, branched, hollow. Leaves densely
clothed with fine close bristly hairs, all directed towards the
point ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, the lower ones ovate. Umbels
dense, bristly. Flowers reddish, the outermost petal with equal
lobes, the two next with extremely unequal ones.
Great Hart-wort. FI. June, July. Britain. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
Sect. II. Condyloca'rpus (from kovSvXoc, kondylos, a finger
joint, and KapiroQ, karpos, a fruit). Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 202. Koch,
umb. p. 86. but not of Desf. D. C. prod. 4. p. 198. Vittae
numerous both in the furrows and commissure. In the commis-
sure there are 4 in T. Hasselquistice, and therefore it is an inter-
mediate plant between the two sections, as there are 8-10 in the
commissure of the other species.
3 T. Hasselqui'stite (D. C. prod. 4. p. 198.) plant pubes-
cent ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets roundish, repandly toothed : the
terminal one in the lower leaves is reniformly cordate ; leaves of
involucra setaceous, shorter than the umbels : of the involucels
similar, but longer than the umbellules. ©. H. Native of the
Levant. Like Hasselqiiistia cordata, but the character of the
fruit is the same as that of Tordylium. Habit of T. officinale.
Vittae in the commissure 4, 2. curved and 2 straight.
Hassclquist’s Hart-wort. PI. 1 foot.
4 T. officina'le (Lin. spec. p. 345.) stem generally branch-
ed, furrowed, clothed with soft deflexed hairs ; leaves pinnate,
rough, hairy ; leaflets ovate, cut, crenate, the odd one the largest,
leaves of involucra and involucels lanceolate, acute ; those of the
latter about equal in length to the umbellules; radiant petals in
pairs, with very unequal lobes. ©. H. Native of Portugal,
south of France, Italy, Dalmatia, and Greece, in cultivated
fields ; possibly never seen at all in England, the T. mdximum
having been confounded with it ; however, it is said to have
been found by Mr. Doody about Isleworth, Ray, and about
London, l’etivier. Smith, engl. hot. 2440. fl. graec. 3. t. 267.
— Colum. ecphr. t. 124. f. 1. — Mor, ox. 3. p. 316. sect. 9. t. 16. f.
6. — Dod. pempt. p. 313. f. 314. Lob. icon. 736. — Bauh. hist.
3. p. 84. f. 2. Small Hart-wort, Petiv. herb. brit. t. 24. f. 6.
T. microspermum, Ten. add. 1827. Condylocarpus officinalis,
Koch, 1. c. Leaflets roundish or ovate, crenate, and variously
cut. The radius of the umbellules formed of the very unequal
outer petals of the flowers of the circumference, the large lobes
of 2 flowers coming together, and resembling a single petal.
These lobes are sometimes reddish. Fruit hairy on the disk,
brown, with scarcely any ribs or veins ; the border greatly ele-
vated, tumid, neatly crenate transversely. T. A'pulum is readily
distinguished from this species by having in each marginal
flower only one radiant petal, with 2 equal lobes.
Officinal Hart-wort. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 to 14 f(.
5 T. A'pulum (Riv. pent. t. 2.) plant erect, villous below ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets of the lower leaves roundish, cu-
neated at the base, lobately crenated : of the upper ones pinna-
tifid, linear, acute ; leaves of involucra and involucels setaceous ;
those of the latter shorter than the umbellules. ©. H. Native
of Apulia and Greece, in cultivated fields. Lin. spec. 345. ex-
clusive of the synonymes. — Jacq. hort. vind. t. 53. T. grandi-
florum, Moench, meth. p. 78. Condylocarpus A'pulus, Hoffm.
umb. p. 203. T. insulare, Clark in Spreng. neue entd. 3. p.
165. There is a variety of this which is almost glabrous
below. Stem hairy at the joints.
Var. /3, Jiiimile (D. C. prod. 4. p. 198.) plant of many stems;
leaves for the most part radical : lower ones nearly bipinnatifid ;
involucels much shorter than the umbellules. ©. H. Native
of Tunis, Sardinia, Isiria, Malta, and Melos, in cultivated fields.
T. hitmile, Desf. atl. 1. p. 235. t. 58. Condylocarpus humilis,
Koch, umb. p. 87. T. A'pulum, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 362.
According to Smith in fl. graec. p. 61. there is no difference be-
tween T. humile and T. A'pulum.
Apulian Hart-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to
14 foot.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open border
in spring. A light soil will suit the species best.
CXV. TORDYLO'PSIS (from Tordylium and o\f/ic, opsis,
appearance ; plant resembling Tordylium'). D. C. prod. 4. p.
199. — Tordylioides, Wall. mss.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed :
teeth acute : outer teeth the largest, dilated at the base, and cus-
pidate at the apex. Outer petals of umbels large and obcor-
dately 2-lobed ; the rest smaller, ovate, and cuspidate, entire,
rarely a little 2-lobed. Stylopodium conical ; styles 2, erect,
elongated. Fruit hairy when young. The rest unknown. —
Herb a foot high, more or less hairy. Stem terete, striated,
erect, nearly simple. Petioles sheathing at the base. Leaves
with 1-2 pairs of ovate cut toothed leaflets, and an odd one.
Umbels terminal, 6-8-rayed. Involucra of 5-6 lanceolate linear
acuminated leaves, which are almost longer than the rays. Um-
bellules crowded, 15-18-flowered. Leaves of involucels con-
forming to the leaves of the involucra, exceeding the flowers. —
Habit almost of Heracleum, but the involucra are of many leaves.
It agrees also with Tordylium in the hairiness, and in the corol-
las. The genus is very doubtful, the perfect fruit being unknown.
UMBELLIFERtE. CXVI. Krubera. CXVII. Pachypleurum. CXVIII. Agasyllis. CXIX. Stenocsia, but per-
haps may be joined with Laserpitium.
I C. glomera'tus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 204.) 1/. H. Native
of North America, in the open plains of the Missouri. Selinum
acaule, Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 2. suppl. 732. Thapsia glomer&ta,
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 184.
Glomerate-Powered Cymopterus. PI. decumbent.
Cult. See Thapsia above for culture and propagation.
CXXVI. LASERPI TIUM (from laser, its gum, and pix,
pitch ; the name of the ancient Silphium). Tourn. inst. 324.
t. 172. Lin. gen. 344. Spreng. umb. prod. 17. Lag. am. nat.
2. p. 90. D. C. prod. 4. p. 204.
- Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit com-
pressed from the back, or nearly terete, 8-winged ; the 5 pri-
mary nerves of the mericarps being filiform : and the 4 second-
ary ones being winged. Vittae 1 in each furrow, under the
secondary ribs. Carpophore free, bipartite. — Herbs with bi-
pinnate or tripinnate leaves ; leaflets entire, toothed or cut.
Umbels showy, of many rays. Involucra and involucels of
many leaves. Flowers white, rarely yellow. This genus is
easily distinguished from the others by the 8 wings to the fruit.
* Fruit glabrous, or the primary ribs are clothed with ad-
pressed, very short down.
1 L. a'sperum (Crantz, austr. 3. p. 54.) leaves bipinnate,
covered with rough hairs beneath and on the petioles ; leaflets
ovate, rather cordate, mucronately toothed : ultimate ones
usually confluent ; leaves of involucra linear-setaceous ; wings
of fruit curled. !{.. H. Native of Europe, on dry hills, and
by the margins of woods. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 509. L. lati-
folium, Lam. diet. 3. p. 423. L. pubescens, Lag. gen. et spec.
12. L. Cerv^ria, Gmel. bad. 1. p. 657. L. Libanotis, Spreng.
in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 617. exclusive of many of the syno-
nymes. — Lob. icon. 704. f. 2. Flowers white.
Rough Laserwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
2 L. gla'brum (Crantz, aust. 3. p. 54.) leaves bipinnate,
quite glabrous in every part, and shining ; leaflets obliquely
cordate, mucronately toothed : but those of the superior leaves
are quite entire ; leaves of involucra setaceous ; wings of fruit
equal, rather curled. 11. H. Native of Europe, on the moun-
tains, in dry and stony places. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 509. L, lati-
folium, Lin. spec. 356. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 146. Schkuhr, handb.
t. 67. Fl. dan. t. 1513. L. Libanotis, Lam. diet. 3. p. 423. —
Dod. pempt. 312. f. 2. Clus. hist. 2. p. 194. f. 2. — Riv. pent. t.
21. — Plench. icon. 179. — Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 17. — Mor. hist.
3. p. 320. t. 19. f. 1-6. Stem and under side of leaves rather
glaucous. Flowers white. In the Alps this plant is only a foot
or 2 feet in height, while in cultivation it grows much larger.
The plant is acrid and aromatic, with something of bitterness,
and seems to merit a place amongst the aromatic stimulants,
emmenagogues, and aperient sudorifics. It is used by the pea-
sants for themselves, and by farriers for horses, in some coun-
tries. The root is the hottest part of the plant.
Var. /3, crispum (Turra, fl. ital. prod. p. 65. no. 14 ) wings
of fruit very much curled. !{.. H. Native of Mount Baldo.
Glabrous Laserwort. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1640. P1.2to4ft.
3 L. aquilegifo'lium (Miirr. syst. p. 228.) leaves biternate
or triternate ; leaflets ovate, rather cordate at the base, slightly
lobed, glabrous, but puberulous on the nerves beneatli ;
involucra and involucels deciduous, of few leaves ; wings of
fruit equal, flat. 1£. FI. Native of France, Austria, Hungary,
&c. on the mountains. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 510. Jacq. aust. 22. t.
147. L. trilobum, Jacq. vind. 48. Crantz, austr. p. 187. but not
of Lin. L. alpinum, Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. t. 253. Bess,
prim. 2. p. 393. Stem glabrous, glaucous, green. This plant
is usually confused with Siler trilobum, from the shape of the
leaves ; but it is easily distinguished from that plant in the 8-
winged fruit.
Columbine-leaved Laserwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1640. PI.
4 to 6 feet.
4 L. Gaudi'nii (Moretti, in Com. (1824.) fl. com. no. 344.
and in bot. ital. (1825.) no. 3. p. 33.) leaves somewhat tripin-
nate : leaflets roundly 2-3-lobed, acutely and deeply serrated :
1
UMBELLIFERiE. CXXVI. Laserpitium.
upper cauline ones tripartite ; lobes linear-lanceolate ; involucra
and involucels of few leaves : wings of fruit flat, unequal : the
dorsal ones a little smaller than the lateral ones. 1/ . H. Na-
tive of Switzerland and Italy, in subalpine places. L. luteolum,
Gaudin, fl. helv. 2. (1828.) p. 348. L. trilobum, Sut. fl. helv.
but not of Lin. — Hall. hist. no. 352. exclusive of the synonyme.
Allied to L. aquilegifdlium and L. glabrum, but differs from
them in the flowers being yellow.
Gaudin’s Laserwort. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
5 L. margina'tum (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 210.
t. 1 92.) leaves biternate, shining, and are as well as the stems
glabrous ; petioles and nerves of leaves rather pilose beneath ;
leaflets ovate, sessile, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated ; upper stem
leaves reduced to the petioles ; involucra and involucels of 2-5
linear-lanceolate leaves; wings of fruit unequal: the 2 lateral
ones the broadest. 14 . H. Native of Croatia, in woods. Petals
incurvedly obcordate at the apex, greenish yellow, margined
with purple.
Margined-peloWed Laserwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
6 L. Si'culum (Spreng. syst. 1 . p. 918.) stem terete, branched,
few-leaved ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets elliptic or obovate, glau-
cous, mucronate, veiny ; involucra and involucels of many
awned leaves; wings of fruit coloured, emarginate. 14. H.
Native of Sicily, among rocks, on the Nebrode mountains.
Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 317. L. Nebrodense, Jan. herb. 260.
spec. 15. Allied to L. Siler, but the wings of the fruit are very
different.
Sicilian Laserwort. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
7 L. Si'ler (Lin. spec. 357.) leaves bipinnate, quite glabrous ;
leaflets lanceolate or oval, quite entire, mucronate, sometimes
confluent and 3-lobed ; leaves of involucra and involucels linear-
lanceolate, awnedly acuminated; wings of fruit narrow. 14.
H. Native of middle and south Europe, on the mountains.
Jacq. fl. aust. 2. t. 145. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 313. Hayne, arz.
gew. 7. t. 7. Plench. icon. 178. Blackw. 426. Ligiisticum
Garganicum, Till. pis. t. 30. Ten. in herb. Balb. and Mor.
Siler lancifolium, Moench. L. montanum, Lam. fl. fr. L. tri-
foliatum, Sieb. and Schultes, syst. 6. p. 619. Siler montanum,
Mor. oxon. sect. 9. t. 3. f. 1. Plant quite glabrous, growing
from 1-2 feet high in subalpine places. Stem green or purplish.
Flowers white. The root is extremely bitter, and might be
useful in fevers, loss of appetite, &c. An infusion of it in wine
has been given with success in disorders of the stomach. It
yields an aromatic resinous oil on being wounded, and being
made into a syrup, is recommended in disorders of the breast.
Vill. dauph. 2. p. 627. Allion. fiedem. no. 1316.
Withy or Mountain Laserwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1640.
PI. 1 to 6 feet.
8 L. Ga'llicum (C. Bauh. pin. p. 156. Lin. spec. p. 357.)
leaves supra-decompound, glabrous, shining ; leaflets cuneated,
3-5-cleft, mucronate ; leaves of involucra linear-lanceolate, acu-
minated ; wings of fruit equal, flat. 14 . H. Native of the
south of France; and of Upper Italy. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 312.
Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 624. Gaud. aix. t. 58. Park,
theat. 938. f. 1. L. trifurcatum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 415. L.
cuneatum, Moench. meth. 79. There is a variety with broader
segments (in Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 19. f. 8.) and with the lobes
very much divaricate and short (Pluk. aim. t. 199. f. 1. L.
formosum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1518.); segments of leaves ob-
long-linear (Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 19. f. 9. and therefore L. an-
gustifolium, Lin. spec. p. 357.) ; segments of leaves very
narrow (J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 137. and therefore L. angustifolium,
| Willd. 1. c.) segments of leaves cut into many lobes (L. Galli-
cum laciniatum, Plortul, &c.). The most of the varieties have
glabrous stems ; very few have them hispid from scattered bris-
351
ties. L. tenuifblium, Riv. pent. irr. 22. is also a variety of this
species. Flowers white.
French Laserwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1686. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
9 L. peucedanoi'des (Lin. spec. p. 358.) leaves triternate,
quite glabrous ; leaflets quite entire, oblong, mucronate ; leaves
of involucra, and involucels setaceous ; pistils elongated ; wings
of fruit unequal, flattish. 14. H. Native of Carniola, Croatia,
and Upper Italy, in mountain woods. There are varieties of
this with oval-oblong leaflets (Hoppe, pi. exsic.) ; oblong leaf-
lets (Jacq. icon. rar. 2. t. 250.) ; oblong-linear leaflets (Seg.
ver. 3. p. 227. t. 7.); and linear leaflets (Pluk. aim. t. 198. f.
4.) but all these varieties differ from any of those of L. Gallicum
in the segments of the leaves not being cuneated nor lobed.
Flowers white.
Sulphur-wort-like Laserwort. Fl. June. Clt. 1816. PI.
1 to 3 feet.
10 L. gummi'ferum (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 254. t. 72.) leaves
ternately decompound, glabrous; leaflets pinnatifid; lobes lan-
ceolate, short, acute, stiffish ; involucra and involucels of few
leaves. 1/ . H. Native of Portugal, Spain, and Mauritania, in sandy
and barren fields. L. thapsiaeforme, Brot. phyt. lus. p. 77. t.
35. L. polygamum, Lam. diet. 3. p. 425. Thapsia gurami-
fera, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 31. Flowers white. Petals in-
flexedly emarginate. Fruit 8-winged (ex Brot ) ; and therefore
this plant if referrible to Laserpitium and not to Thapsia. Lobes
of leaves, when dry, usually channelled. Petioles sometimes
pilose, usually glabrous as well as the lobes.
Gum-bearing Laserwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
1 1 L. hirsu'tum (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 648.) leaves supra-decom-
pound, hairy ; leaflets narrow, pinnatifid : lobes short, linear,
cuspidate ; leaves of involucra and involucels membranous, ra-
ther trifid at the apex, ciliated; wings of fruit thin, flat. 14.
H. Native of France, Switzerland, Piedmont, on the Alps, in
meadows; and of Kotzebue’s Sound. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 313.
L. Panax, Gouan. ill. 13. L. Halleri, All. pedem. no. 1315.
— Hall. helv. no. 795. t. 19. exclusive of the synonyme of
Gmel. and Seg. — Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 15. f. 16. Flowers
white.
Hairy Laserwort. Fl. June. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
12 L. sca'brum (Cav. icon. 2. p. 72. t. 190.) leaves bipinnate,
scabrous ; leaflets oblong, cut, acute, and are as well as the stems
glaucous ; leaves of involucra and involucels lanceolate, taper-
ing into a bristle ; fruit tomentose while young: adult ones 8-
winged. $ . H. Native of Spain, near Cati and Vallefames,
on dry exposed hills. Referrible to L. hirsutum, but truly dis-
tinct. Petals white, with a violaceous border, villous beneath.
Stem scabrous.
Scabrous Laserwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
13 L. ni'tidum (Zanted, comm. brix. 1813. ex Poll. fl. ver.
p. 351.) leaves bipinnate, beset with setose bristles, as well as
on the stem and petioles ; sheaths of petioles glabrous ; leaflets
ovate, serrated: ultimate ones confluent; leaves of involucra
and involucels lanceolate, with membranous margins, deeply
serrated at the apex ; wings of fruit nearly equal. $ . or 1/ . H.
Native of Upper Italy, among rocks on the mountains. L. pi-
Ibsum, Com. fl. comp. p. 53. but not of Willd. Fruit glabrous.
Flowers white.
iVffid-leaved Lasemort. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
14 L. Arciiange'lica (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 58. Wulf. in
Jacq. coll. 1. p. 214.) leaves ternately divided; stem and petioles
hispid ; leaflets ovate, cuneated at the base, serrated, extreme
one 3-lobed : and the lateral ones 2-lobed ; leaves of involucra
and involucels linear-lanceolate, hairy, 2-3-cleft at the apex ;
wings of fruit flat, broader than the mericarps. 14. H. Na-
tive of Carniola, Croatia, Silesia, Carpathian mountains, among
rocks. L. Chironium, Scop. cam. no. 324. Archangelica,
352
UM BELLI FERiE. CXXVI. Laserpitium. CXXVII. Lophosciadium. CXXVIII. Melanoselinum.
Clus. hist. 2. p. 195. Lob. icon. 701. Petioles large, saccate,
very villous. Stem 5 feet high, furrowed. Flowers white, pur-
plish when young. Fruit glabrous, or clothed with adpressed
pubescence according to Koch.
Archangel Laserwort. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 4 to 5 ft.
* * Primary ribs of fruit hispid from spreading bristles.
15 L. hi'spidum (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 221. suppl. p. 222.)
leaves ternately bipinnate ; petioles, nerves on the under sides
of the leaves, stem and umbels hispid ; leaflets cuneiform-
ovate, deeply serrated ; stem terete, furrowed : leaves of invo-
lucra and involucels oblong, acuminated at the apex, or cut ;
wings of fruit unequal : 2 lateral ones the largest. % . H.
Native of Tauria and Caucasus, in gravelly places. L. pild-
sum, Willd. enum. p. 310. L. Archangelica, Hortul. but not of
Jacq. Caucalis hispida, Desf. hort. par. Petals white.
Hispid Laserwort. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
16 L. Prute'nicum (Lin. spec. p. 357.) leaves decompound,
rather hairy on the nerves and petioles ; leaflets ovate-lanceo-
late, pinnatifid: lobes lanceolate, cuspidate: outer ones con-
fluent ; stem angular, beset with retrograde bristles ; leaves of
involucra and involucels linear, with entire hyaline margins:
wings of fruit unequal : 2 lateral ones the largest. $ . H.
Native of Hungary, Carniola, Germany, Switzerland, east of
France, on hills. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 153. L. selinoides, Crantz,
aust. 182. L. Gallicum, Scop. earn. 321. Jacq. vind. 48. —
Breyn. cent. t. 84. — Riv. pent. irr. 23. Flowers white.
Far. ft, glabrdtum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 206.) leaves and stems
glabrous. $ . H. Native of Piedmont, Pyrenees, &e. L.
daucoides, Dufour, in litt. L. Prutenicum, Lapeyr. suppl. p.
48. Balb. fl. taur. 49. Fruit pilose on the primary ribs, as in
var. a. The wings of the fruit are very unequal : the 2 lateral
ones are large : and the 2 dorsal ones very small, or nearly want-
ing, hence this species falls in almost to Thdpsia, but differs in
the petals being emarginate.
Prussian Laserwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 3 to 4 ft.
17 L. Athama/nt;e (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 624.)
plant hispid ; stem furrowed, much branched ; leaves ternately
decompound, rough on both surfaces, stiffish ; leaflets oblong,
pinnatifid ; segments broadly lanceolate, mucronate ; leaves of
involucra and involucels oblong, reflexed. $ . H. Native of
Siberia. Perhaps the same as L. hispidum or a variety of L.
Prutenicum.
Athamanta-like Laserpitium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817.
PI. 3 feet.
•j" Species not sufficiently knonn.
18 L. Cape'nse (Thunb. prod. p. 50. fl. cap. 2. p. 201.)
stem terete, glabrous ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets oval, mucro-
nate, margined, quite entire ; sheaths large, petiolar.- — Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Fruit ovate, striated, and therefore
the genus is doubtful.
Cape Laserwort. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
19 L. au'reum (Willd. spec. 1416.) stem terete, nearly sim-
ple ; leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate,
pinnatifid : segments lanceolate, bluntish, mucronate ; leaves of
involucra and involucels filiform. If . H. Native of the Le-
vant. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 626. — Buxb. cent. 1. t.
43. ex Spreng. but the description hardly agrees with it. L.
elegans, Clark, in Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 160. is related to it
according to Spreng. syst. 1. p. 918. Flowers golden yellow.
Fruit unknown. Perhaps a species of Thdpsia.
Golden-id owered Laserwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
20 L. ferula'ceum (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. p. 152. but not of
Lin.) stem naked, simple, furrowed ; leaves decompound : leaf-
lets capillary, simple in the lower part, and more decompound
at the apex; mericarps of fruit 4-winged. If. H. Native of
the Pyrenees, in a place called Pic du Gard. This is a very
obscure species.
Fennel-like Laserwort. PI. 2 to 3 feet?
Cult. All the species grow well in common soil, but it must
be rather dry. They are only to be increased by seed, which
should be sown in the autumn or spring.
CXXVII. LOPHOSCIA'DIUM (Xoiboc, lophos, a crest ; and
oKiahov, sciadion, an umbel ; in reference to the crested wings
of the mericarps). D. C. coll. mem. 5. p. 57. t. 3. f. 6. prod. 4.
p. 207.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digxjnia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals elliptic, entire, acuminated, somew'hat involute at the
apex. Fruit compressed from the back. The primary ribs of
the mericarps are unknown : but the 4 secondary ones are
winged : the 2 lateral of which are expanded into a somewhat
serrated wing each : and the 2 dorsal ones are expanded into in-
terrupted wings, which at first sight appear like retrograde scales.
Seed unknown. — Herb glabrous. Stem terete, erect. Lower
leaves like those of Achillea millefolia, pinnate; leaflets short,
innumerable, divided into linear-subulate lobes ; upper leaves
sessile, pinnate from the base, usually rising from the axils
of the sheaths. Umbels compound, sometimes proliferous.
Leaves of involucra 5-7, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate; of the
involucels 5-7, but narrower, and about equal in length to the
umbellules. Flowers yellow. Allied to Thdpsia, but differs in
the ribs of the fruit being scaly ; but the fruit examined being
immature and incomplete, it is therefore doubtful in what part
of the order the genus should be placed. Perhaps it should have
been placed near Cachrys.
1 L. meifo'lium (D. C. 1. c.) 7/ . H. Native of the Levant.
Ferula meoides, Lin. spec. 356. Lam. diet. 2. p. 455. Laser-
pitium orientale folio mei, Tourn. cor. p. 23. L. Ponticum
meifolio flore luteo, Tourn. herb, without fruit. Laserpitium
meifolium, Vent, in herb. mus. par. Radical leaves long, pin-
nate ; leaflets dense, opposite, pinnate-parted ; partitions mul-
tifid : lobes short, setaceous.
Meum-leaved Lophosciadium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810.
PI. 3 feet.
Cult. See Laserpitium above for culture and propagation.
CXXVIII. MELANOSELI'NUM (from peXag neXayog,
melas melanos, black, and aeXivov, selinon, parsley ; black pars-
ley). Hoflfm. umb. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 156. Koch, umb. p. 75.
f. 6-8. D. C. prod. 4. p. 208. — Selinum species, Wendl. and
Spreng.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digxjnia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point. Fruit flatly
compressed from the back. Mericarps with 5 filiform, primary
ribs : the 3 intermediate ones on the back : and the 2 lateral
ones placed in the commissure, w’hich is flat ; and 4 secondary
ones : the inner ones of these filiform and very slender, but the
outer 2 are expanded into membranous serrated wings ; under
all the ribs there are oleiferous canals. Carpophore bipartite.
Seed flat. — A shrub with a terete simple stem, which is naked
below. Leaves tripinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, serrated :
ultimate ones usually confluent; petioles sheathing. Umbels
composed of many rays. Involucra of many cut leaves ; and
the involucels of many entire leaves. Flowers white.
1 M. deci'piens (Hoffm. umb. 1. c.). T? . G. Native of
Madeira? Selinum decipiens, Schrad. and Wendl. sert. hann.
3. p. 23. t. 13. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1400. enum. 1. p. 307.
Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 274. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 562. This
UMBELLIFER^E. CXXIX. Artedia. CXXX. Orlaya. CXXXI. Daucus.
353
plant is called by gardeners Bubon Galbanum, to which it is very
similar in habit, hence it has the name of decipiens.
Deceiving Black-parsley. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1785. Shrub.
Cult. Any light soil will suit this plant ; and it is only to
be increased by seed.
Tribe XII.
DAUCFNE^E (this section contains plants agreeing with
Daucus in important characters) or Orthospe'rmje multiju-
ga'tjE arma'tve. Koch, umb. p. 76. D. C. prod. 4. p. 208.
Fruit lenticularly compressed from the back, or the transverse
section is nearly terete. Mericarps with 5 primary, filiform,
bristly ribs : the lateral ones placed in the commissure, which
is flat, as in Thapsieoe ; and with 4 secondary ones, which are
more prominent and prickly than the primary ones : the
prickles free, or joined into a wing. Seed complanate or
somewhat semi-teretely convex, flatfish in front.
CXXIX. ARTE'DIA (Peter Artedi, a student of medicine
in Sweden. He arranged umbelliferous plants from the calyx ;
died in 1735.). Lin. gen. no. 332. Lam. ill. t. 173. Spreng.
umb. prod. 18. Lam. am. nat. 2. p. 90. Koch, umb. 76. f.
9-10. D. C. prod. p. 208.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; those in the
outer ray of the umbels with unequal lobes : the outer lobe
very large. Fruit compressed from the back. Mericarps
with 5 primary, filiform ribs : the 3 intermediate dorsal, and
the 2 lateral ones placed in the commissure ; and 4 secon-
dary ribs : the 2 inner ones of these filiform : and the 2 outer
ones winged ; the wings deeply and sinuately lobed. Carpo-
phore bipartite. Vittae none. Seed flat. — An annual, glabrous
herb. Leaves, as well as those of the involucra and involucels
divided into linear lobes. Umbels compound. Flowers white.
Herb with the habit of Nigella Damascena ; and the inflores-
cence like that of Orlaya grandiflbra.
1 A. squamma'ta (Lin. spec. p. 347.). ©. H. Native of
the Levant, on Mount Lebanon (Lin.); between Bagdad and
Kermancha (Olivier), on the banks of the Euphrates (C. Ros-
tan) ; in Syria and Asia Minor (Schr.) ; in the Morea, and
Lycia (Smith) ; Cyprus (Sibth,). Gingidium Rauwolfia, Cam.
hort. 16. but not of Dioscorides, ex Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec.
268. Thapsia orientalis, Tourn. cor. 22. 1. Mor. ox. sect. 9.
t. 18. f. 11. Flowers white. There is a pencil-like brown
brush in the centre of the umbels. Cotyledons long, linear.
Compare D. C. mem. umb. t. 19. t. 7.
Scaly Artedia. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1740. PI. 1 to 1-| foot.
Cult. The seeds should be sown as soon as they are ripe,
in a warm border, as if sown in spring, the plant rarely pro-
duces seed.
CXXX. ORLA'YA (in honour of John Orlay, M.D. secre-
tary to the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Moscow). Hoflfm.
umb. 1. p. 58. Koch, umb. p. 78. f. 12-13. — Caucalis species,
Lin. Spreng. Lag. Platyspermum, Koch, in litt. 1828. but not
of Hoffm. D. C. prod. 4. p. 209.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point : those in the
outer rays of the umbel radiant and profoundly bifid. Fruit
lenticularly compressed from the back. Mericarps with 5, fili-
form, primary, setiferous ribs : the 3 intermediate ones dorsal :
and the 2 lateral ones placed in the commissure, which is flat :
and with 4 secondary ones, bearing 2-3 series of prickles each :
the outer ones more prominent, or a little winged ; prickles
hooked, or rayed at the apex. Vittae 1 in each furrow, under
the secondary ribs. Carpophore bifid or undivided. Seed
VOL. III.
flat, convex behind. — Annual herbs. Leaves multifid ; lobes
linear. Involucra variable ; involucels of many leaves. Flowers
white : those in the rays of the umbels hermaphrodite, with short
styles : those in the disk male : the rest female, and fertile,
with long styles.
1 O. grandiflo'ra (Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 58.) plant erect, di-
chotomous, glabrous ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid : seg-
ments linear, short; leaves of involucra 5, with scarious mar-
gins ; prickles of fruit hooked at the apex. 0. H. Native of
south and middle Europe, and of Tauria, in fields. Echinophora,
Col. ecphr. 1. 91. t. 94. f. 1. Rivin. pent. t. 25. Caucalis gran-
diflora, Lin. spec. p. 346. Lam. ill. t. 192. f. 1. Jacq. aust. 1. t.
54. Daucus grandiflorus, Scop. earn. 1. p. 189. — Lob. icon. 728.
f. 1. — Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 14. f. 3. There is a variety of this
with smaller flowers, a native of the south of France.
Great -flowered Orlaya. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1648. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 O. platyca'rpos (Koch, umb. p. 79.) plant erect, divari-
cately branched, rough, or rather pilose ; leaves bipinnate ;
segments lanceolate, remotish ; peduncles stiff, opposite the
leaves ; leaves of involucrum 3, short ; prickles of fruit coloured
and hooked. ©. H. Native from the south of France to
Tauria, in the region of Olives, in fields. Echinophora platy-
carpos, Col. ecphr. 1. p. 94. Caucalis platycarpos, Lin. spec,
p. 347. C. latifolia, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 426. exclusive of the
synonymes. — J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 2. p. 80. f. 1.
Broad-fruited Orlaya. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 ft.
3 O. mari tima (Koch, 1. c.) plant diffusely procumbent, vel-
vety from villi ; leaves bipinnate : segments bluntish, mucro-
nate ; peduncles elongated ; leaves of involucra 3, short, undi-
vided ; prickles of fruit radiately glochidate at the apex. ©. H.
Native of Mauritania, Spain, and the south of France, Corsica,
west of Italy, and Candia. Caucalis maritimus, Gouan. hort.
monsp. p. 135. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 335. C. pumila, Gouan.
flor. 285. Daucus maritimus, Gaertn. fruct. t. 20. f. 4. but not
of Lam. Daucus maritimus /3, Lin. mant. p. 352. — Moris,
hist. sect. 9. t. 14. f. 7. There is a variety of this having a
bifid umbel (Gerard, gallo-prov. p. 227. t. 10.) or 3-4-cleft, and
the lower ones 5-cleft.
Seaside Orlaya. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. proc.
Cult. Sow the seeds in spring, in the open ground.
CXXXI. DAU'CUS (Aav/coc, of Dioscorides, is said to be
from baiu>, daio, to make hot ; from its supposed effect in
medicine). Tourn. inst. p. 307. t. 161. Lin. gen. no. 33 3
Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 20. Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 215. Koch
in litt. 1828. D. C. prod. 4. p. 209. — Caucalis species, Lag.
Daucus and Platyspermum, Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 62. and 64.
Koch, umb. p. 76 and 78.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-
toothed. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point :
outer ones usually radiating, and profoundly bifid. Fruit some-
what compressed from the back, ovate or oblong. Mericarps
with 5 primary, filiform, bristly ribs : the 3 intermediate ones
dorsal : and the 2 lateral ones placed in the commissure, which is
flat ; and with 4 more secondary, prominent, equal, winged ribs,
which are divided into a simple series of prickles. Vittae 1 in
each furrow, under the secondary ribs. Seed flatfish in front. —
Herbs, usually biennial. Leaves bipinnate. Leaves of involucra
many, trifid, or pinnatifid; involucels of many entire or trifid
leaves. Flowers white or yellow : the central ones usually fleshy,
dark purple, and sterile. The species of this genus are badly
known, and are extremely difficult to extricate from confusion.
Sect. I. Platyspe'rmum (from 7r\amc, platys, broad, and
tnreppa, sperma, a seed ; seeds broad). Hoflfm. umb. 1. p. 64.
Z z
354
UMBELLIFER/E. CXXXT. Daucus.
Koch, limb. 78. D. C. prod. 4. p. 210. Prickles of the se-
condary ribs evidently cohering and broader at the base. In-
volucra wanting, or very small : having the leaves divided a
little.
1 D. murica'tus (Lin. mant. p. 392.) plant hispid ; leaves
tripinnate ; leaflets multifidly cut ; leaves of involucrum 5-7,
many of which, or all, are trifid or pinnatifid ; prickles of fruit
longer than the breadth of the seed, peltately glochidate at the
apex. ©. H. Native of Mauritania, Numidia, Calabria, and
China, infields. — Mor. hist. sect. 9. t. 14. f. 4. Herm. par.
111. Artedia muricata, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 242. D. murica-
tus, Desf. atl. 1. p. 243. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 477.
exclusive of the synonyme of Poir. Piatyspermum muricatum,
Hoffm. and Koch, 1. c. and perhaps Caucalis Mauritanica is re-
ferrible to this. The hairs on the lower part of the stem are
bent back. — Col. ecphr. 1. p. 95. t. 94. Flowers pink.
Muricated-fruited Carrot. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 ft.
2 D. littora'lis (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grsec. t. 272. prod. 1.
p. 185.) stem decumbent, hispid from deflexed hairs; leaves bi-
pinnate, hispid ; leaflets short, multifid, cuneiform ; leaves of
involucrum 3-cleft, shorter than the umbel ; fruit ovate, beset
with glochidate prickles. 0. H. Native of the island of
Cyprus, by the sea-side ; and of Spain. Leaves of the invo-
lucrum usually 5 ; of the involucels membranous. Flowers
white. Fruit angular, beset with strong prickles.
Sea-shore Carrot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. dec.
3 D. pulche'rrimus (Koch, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 210.)
plant glabrous ; leaves ternately supra-decompound ; segments
linear, very narrow, short ; umbels of many rays ; involucrum
wanting ; prickles of fruit longer than the breadth of the seed ;
when young covered with rough pubescence. 0. H. Native
of Tauria, Caucasus, Iberia, Persia, on the sea-shore, in sand.
Caucalis orientalis, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 208. exclusive of the
synonyme. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 469. exclusive of
the synonyme. Caucalis pulcherrima, Willd. enum. p. 301.
Piatyspermum pulcherrimum, Koch, umb. p. 78. — Buxb. cent.
3. p. 16. t. 23. Flowers white.
Most-beautiful Carrot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 4 ft.
4 D. Bessara'bicus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 210.) glabrous ; leaves
ternately supra-decompound; segments linear-setaceous; um-
bels of many rays ; involucrum wanting ; prickles of fruit
length of seeds, when young scabrous. $ . H. Native on the
shores of the Black Sea, about Odessa ; and of the south of
Bessarabia. Caucalis littoralis, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 208. Ca-
chrys littoralis, Spreng. umb. prod. 20. no. 5. Piatyspermum
littorale, Koch, 1. c. This is very different from Daucus litto-
ralis of Sibth., but it nearly agrees with D. jmlcherrimus, espe-
cially in the leaves of the involucels being ciliated, but differs
from it in the segments of the leaves being fewer and longer ;
in the rays of the umbels and umbellules being fewer ; and in
the prickles of the fruit being shorter. Flowers white.
Bessarabian Carrot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 ft.
5 D. laserpitioi'des (D. C. prod. 4. p. 210.) plant glabrous ;
leaves pinnate and bipinnate : with linear, elongated segments ;
umbels of 6-8 rays ; leaves of involucrum 5-6, linear, undi-
vided ; prickles of fruit joined at the base, neither scabrous
nor glochidate. %. H. Native of Mauritania, in sand by
the sea-side, near Bone. Laserpitium daucoides, Desf. fl. alt. 1.
p. 253. t. 70. Caucalis virgata, Poir. voy. 2. p. 133. suppl. 2.
p. 136.
Lasermort-lilie Carrot. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
6 D. pube'scens (Koch, umb. p. 77.) stem rough, branched;
leaves pinnate, rather hispid ; leaflets pinnatifid, with linear or
trifid segments ; leaves of involucrum usually trifid or undi-
vided ; prickles glochidate at the apex, longer than the breadth
of the fruit, which is oblong. ©. H. Native of Egypt, at
Alexandria. Caucalis glabra, Forsk. descript, p. 206. Delile,
fl. aegypt. 64. t. 23. f. 2 and 3.
Var. a; smaller, sea-side plant; stems humble, diffuse. De-
lile, 1. c. f. 2.
Var. ft; a larger plant, native of sandy places, with taller,
erect stems, and more slender and more acutely divided leaves.
Pubescent Carrot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. PI. L to 1 ft.
7 D. setulo'sus (Guss. act. soc. borb. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
21 1.) stem branched, bristly ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets multifid;
segments linear ; leaves of involucra multifid ; prickles of fruit
longer than broad, glochidately capitate at the apex. ©. H.
Native of Calabria, and at Naples. D. scabrosus, Bert, ex
Guss.
,5m.
pustllum, but the hairs on the stem are more numerous, longer,
soft, and not tubercular at the base ; and the fruit is a little
larger.
Small-leaved Carrot. PI. 1 foot.
24 D. setifo'lius (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 244. t. 65.) stem
smooth, erect ; leaves decompound, pubescent ; leaflets many-
parted, opposite, somewhat verticillate : segments elongated,
filiform, very narrow ; leaves of involucra multifid ; fruit cylin-
drical, pubescent, ciliately echinated at the angles ; prickles
short. %. H. Native of Mauritania, near Mascar, on uncul-
tivated hills. Central flowers abortive. Perhaps the same as
D. verticillatus, Horn, hort, liafn. 1. p. 272.
Bristle-leaved Carrot. PI. 3 feet.
25 D. au reus (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 242. t. 61.) stem hispid
from spreading pili ; leaves glabrous, supra- decompound ; leat-
lets multifid : segments linear-lanceolate, acute, with rather re-
volute edges ; leaves of involucra and involucels decompound,
reflexed ; prickles stiff, peltately glochidate at the apex, longer
than the diameter of the fruit, which is oblong. ©. H. Native
of Mauritania, in corn-fields near Mascar ; and of Sicily and
Calabria, in argillaceous soil ; and of Lycia. Flowers white,
UMBELLIFERiE. CXXXI. Daucus.
but becoming yellowish on drying. Umbels of many rays.
Fruit yellow.
Golden-dowered Carrot. FI. July. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
26 D. crini'tus (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 242. t. 62.) stem rather
roughish from small, retrograde down ; leaves glabrous, pinnate ;
leaflets multifid, somewhat verticillate : segments setaceous,
stiffish ; leaves of involucra many-parted at the apex ; prickles
bristle-formed, acute, and a little cleft at the apex, double the
length of the diameter of the fruit. !{.. H. Native of Mauri-
tania, near Tangiers, Mascar, Tlemsen, and on Mount Atlas.
Bristles of fruit purplish in Desfontaine’s specimens, but yellow-
ish in those of Salzmann. Torilis crinita, Spreng. umb. spec.
141. D. meifolius, Brot. phyt. t. 36. is not distinct from the
present species.
Long-haired Carrot. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1804. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
27 D. hirsu'tus (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 269. prod. 1.
p. 184.) stem hairy from spreading pili ; leaves bipinnate ; leaf-
lets lanceolate, finely serrulated ; leaves of involucra entire,
trifid, or pinnatifid, shorter than the umbels ; prickles of fruit
elongated, glochidate, and coloured. ©. H. Native in the
islands of the Archipelago and Asia Minor, frequent. Spreng.
umb. 143. Leaves of involucels membranous. Flowers white :
central ones abortive. Prickles of fruit golden yellow.
Hairy Carrot. PI. 2 feet.
28 D. bi'color (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 270. prod. 1. p.
184.) stem beset with spreading hairs; leaves puberulous, bi-
pinnate; leaflets multifid, with 'linear lobes ; leaves of involucra
trifid, longer than the umbels ; involucels membranous, on one
side; central flower discoloured. ©. H. Native of Asia
Minor.
Two-coloured-dowexod. Carrot. PI. 1 to 1^ foot.
Sect. III. Anisa'ctis (from antrog, anisos, unequal, and ami',
aktin, a ray ; in allusion to the unequal rays of umbels). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 214. Carpophore undivided, or hardly bifidly einar-
ginate at the very top. Rays of umbels very unequal.
29 D. brachia'tus (Sieb. exsic. nov. boll. no. 115.) stem gla-
brous ; leaves bipinnate, smoothish ; leaflets divided into linear
lobes ; leaves of involucra multifid, much shorter than the rays
of the umbel, which are unequal ; leaves of involucels simple,
much shorter than the pedicels ; prickles glochidate at the apex,
about equal in length to the breadth of the fruit, which is ob-
long. ©.? H. Native of New Holland. Stem 2 or 3 from the
same root, about a foot high. Rays of umbels diverging much.
Rrftc/iia£, logos, a hare, and ooco e,
oi/cos, a house ; the place where a hare lies ; the seeds envel-
loped in the hairy involucrum have been likened to young
leverets in a hare’s form). Lin. gen. no. 285. Gaertn. fruct. 1.
p. 103. t. 23. f. 3. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 106. D. C. prod. 4. p.
233. — Cuminoides, Tourn. inst. t. 155.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Lobes of calyx large,
pectinated. Petals obcordately bifid, shorter than the calyx;
lobes awned. Ovarium bilocular, one of the cells abortive ; the
fruit is therefore ovate, and crowned by the calyx, hence there
is a furrow on one side indicating the place of the abortive cell.
Seed marked with a furrow on one side, and therefore appear-
ing involute. — An annual erect herb. Leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets ovate, uniform, alternate, coarsely toothed : teeth awned.
Peduncles opposite the leaves. Umbels compound, of many
rays. Umbellules 1-flow'ered. Leaves of involucra 8-10, pec-
tinated, of the involucels 4, also pectinated. Flowers pedicel-
late, within the involucel, white. Fruit downy.
I L. cuminoides (Lin. spec. 294.) ©. H. Native of Galatia,
Persia, Greece, Candia, Lybia, Spain, &c. in corn fields and
vineyards. Smith, fl. graec. t. 243. prod. 1. p. 162. Schkuhr,
handb. 1. t. 48. Lam. ill. t. 142. Sabb. hort. 4. t. 55. Plench.
icon. t. 153. — Mor. hist. 3. sect. 9. t. 13. umb. t. 1. f. 13.
Umbels nodding before flowering, but at length becoming nearly
globose. The seeds are mostly all abortive in the plants culti-
vated in gardens.
Cumin-like Lagoecia or Wild Cumin. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1640. PI. i foot.
Cult. The seeds should be sown in autumn, soon after they
are ripe ; otherwise if this is deferred till spring, they com-
monly remain a year, and sometimes tw'o or three years before
they grow.
CXLVII. OLIVE'RIA (in honour of M. G. A. Olivier,
author of a history of insects, and formerly one of the editors of
the Encyclopedic Methodique, and who was sent with M. Brug-
uiere by the French government into the Levant, for the purpose
of collecting objects of natural history). Vent. hort. cels. t. 21.
Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 105. D. C. prod. 4. p. 234.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals profoundly obcordate, nearly bipartite : lobes involute on
the margin at the base, and excavated on the side, undulated and
reflexed above. Fruit obovate-ovate, hairy ; mericarps nearly
terete, bluntly 5-ribbed. Carpophore bifid at the apex. Seed
marked with a furrow on the inside, therefore the albumen is
probably involute. — A branched herb, native of the Levant.
Stems erect, white. Leaves pinnate, having the scent of thyme
when bruised; leaflets many-parted: segments trifid, acute.
Umbels of 3-4-rays. Umbellules dense, many-flowered. Leaves
of involucrum 3-4, trifid : lobes usually tridentate. Leaves of
UMBELLIFERiE. CXLVIII. Anisosciadium.
CXLIX. Eciiinopiiora. CL. Exoacantha.
371
involucels numerous, cuneiform, trifid. Flowers equal, herma-
phrodite, white.
1 O. orienta'lis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 234.) ©. H. Native
about Bagdad, on the banks of the Euphrates, where it was
detected by Olivier and Bruguiere. Oliveria decumbens, Vent,
liort. cels. t. 21. Stems white, decumbent in Ventenat’s figure,
but stiff and erect in the spontaneous specimens. Lower and
floral leaves clothed with soft velvety villi.
Eastern Oliveria. FI. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the
open border in spring or autumn, in a warm sheltered situation.
CXLVIII. ANISOSCIA'DIUM (from aviaog , anisos, un-
equal, and vKiaciiov , sciadion, an umbel ; in reference to the
lobes of the calyx and petals being unequal in the outer and
inner flowers of the umbel). D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 63. t. 15.
prod. 4. p. 234.
Lin. svst. Pentandria, Digynia. Lobes of calyx in the outer
flowers of the umbels, large, ovate, and foliaceous; in the outer
central flowers stiff, hooked, and mucrone-formed ; in the inner
ones all wanting or tooth-formed. Petals very unequal, outer
ones large, obcordately bifid ; inner ones small. Fruit rather
pubescent, oblong-cylindrical, crowned by the calyx, and 2 stiff
conical erect styles. Mericarps semi-terete, one of which is
usually abortive ; ribs 5, very blunt ; vittae one in each furrow,
brown, but none in the commissure. Albumen involute. — An
herb, native of the Levant. Root simple. Stems diffuse, stiff,
dichotomously branched, puberulous when examined by a lens.
Leaves petiolate, pinnate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid : lobules
short, hardly acute. Branches opposite the leaves. Involucra
of 4-5 leaves, which are unequal, oblong, acute, and at length
rather spinescent. Rays of umbel 4-5, stiff, a little longer than
the involucrum. Leaves of involucels 4-5, oval, spreading, per-
manent, unequal. Flowers white, 7-10, sessile, stiff.
1 A. orienta'le (D. C. 1. c. t. 15.) ©. H. Native of the
Levant, between Bagdad and Aleppo, where it was collected by
Olivier and Bruguiere.
Eastern Anisosciadium. PI. spreading.
Cult. See Oliveria above for culture and propagation.
CXLIX. ECHINO PHORA (from vgivoQ, echinos, a hedge-
hog, and ipepui, phero, to bear ; in allusion to the strong stiff
spines of the involucrum). Tourn. inst. 656. t. 423. Lin. gen.
no. 329. Lam. ill. t. 190. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 106. Koch, umb.
135. D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 64. t. 16. prod. 4. p. 234.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digy'nia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an indexed point; or the outer
ones are larger and bifid. Styles in the female flowers elon-
gated (f. 6 5.h.), filiform, 2, rarely 3. Fruit ovate, nearly terete
(f. 65. f.), inclosed in a hollow receptacle, furnished with a short
emersed beak. Mericarps with 5 depressed equal undulated ribs.
Vittae one in each furrow, covered by a cobwebbed membrane.
Albumen deeply involute (f. 65. j.). — Perennial herbs. Leaves
bipinnatifid ; segments cut. Umbels terminal ; the flowers of the
ray male, and joined together at the base before flowering, having
the receptacle girding them ; the female flowers solitary and cen-
tral. Involucra and involucels constantly of many leaves.
Sect. I. Leucophora (from Xevicog, leucos, white, and ,
phero , to bear ; in reference to the white flowers of the species).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 235. Flowers w'hite. Petals obcordate,
glabrous, nearly equal. Lobes of leaves pungent, terete or
conical.
1 E. spinosa (Lin. spec. 344.) plant glaucous, finely downy ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets subulate, trifid, stiff ; leaves of involu-
crum and involucels spinose. . H. Native along the Me-
diterranean, in the sand by the sea side. Said to have been
found by Ray on the sea coast of Lancashire, and by Mr.
Blackstone between Feversham and Sea Salter ; between Whit-
stable and the Isle of Thanet, by Sandwich, and near West
Chester by Gerarde ; but it has been since searched for
without success ; it was therefore nothing but the common
samphire that was found in the above mentioned habitats. Cav.
icon. 2. t. 127. Smith, fl. graec.
t. 265. eng. bot. 2413. D. C.
coll. mem. v. t. 16. — Mor. ox.
sect. 9. t. 1. f. 1. Root fusi-
form, edible. Flowers white.
(f. 65.)
Var. fl, pubescens (Guss. prod,
fl. sic. 1. p. 309.) stem pubes-
cent, deeply furrowed ; leaves
scabrous ; rays of umbels pi-
losely pubescent. 7/. H. Na-
tive of the Levant.
Prickly Sea- parsnip. Fl. Jul.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 E. peaty'loea (D. C. prod.
4. p. 235.) plant smoothish or
pubescent in the upper part ;
leaves petiolate, pinnate : leaf-
lets 3-4-cleft: lobes lanceolate, flattish, divaricate, spinescent;
leaves of involucra lanceolate, spiny. 1/ . F. Native of Persia,
about Teheran. Stems angular, flexuous. Umbels small, when
young, pubescent. Flowers white.
Broad-lobed Sea-parsnip. PI. \ to 1 foot.
3 S. trichophy'lla (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 12. no. 3.) leaves
bitriternate ; segments filiform, channelled, acute, unarmed. 1/ .
F. Native of the Levant, in stony places at the foot of Mount
Ararat; and of Persia, in the province of Aderbeidjan, where it
was gathered by Szowits. Umbels turgidly muricated, about
the size of those of E . spinosa, of a deep purple while young ;
petals white. Perhaps this plant is the same as E. orientalis
peucedanifolio, Vaill. herb. The plant has a strong smell of
galbanum according to Szowits.
Hair-leaved Sea-parsnip. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot.
Sect. II. Chrysopiiora (from xpvooe, clirysos, gold, and
o c, lophos,
a crest ; in reference to the stripes as well as the ribs of the
fruit being rather prominent). Nutt, in litt. 1825. D. C. coll,
mem. v. p. 69. t. 2. f. M. prod. 4. p. 248.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed,
at last falling off after flowering. Petals unknown. Fruit
somewhat contracted from the sides, rather didymous ; meri-
carps ovate, with 5 hardly prominent ribs : the furrows between
the ribs furnished with 3 convex stripes each, which are more
prominent than the ribs, they are hollow inside, and replete with
oil, from sustaining oleiferous canals ; commissure bearing 4
similar stripes or vittae. Seed semilunar, filling the meri-
carp; carpophore bipartite. — Glabrous herbs. Leaves multifid;
lobes linear, elongated. Terminal umbels large, of 10 rays,
fertile ; the lateral ones opposite, and sterile. Involucra and
involucels of many linear acute leaves. Flowers many, abortive.
This genus is very nearly allied to Physospermum, but differs
in the fruit being covered with many vittae, as in Smy'rnium.
1 E. America'nus (Nutt, in litt.) — Native of North America,
in the Arkansa territory. Root composed of fascicles of oblong
tubers. Stem terete, fistular.
American Eulophus. PI.
Cult. See Smyrnium above for culture and propagation.
CLXVI. SCALIGE'RIA (in honour of J. C. Scaliger, com-
mentator on Theophrastus). D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 70. t. 1.
f. B. prod. 4. p. 248.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx entire.
Petals obcordate, with a short, inflexed, obtuse point. Sty-
lopodium thick, conically cylindrical, parallel ; styles fili-
form, bent outwards. Fruit somewhat didymous ; mericarps
ovate, contracted at the raphe, scarcely compressed from the
sides, with 5 filiform ribs, and flattish-convex furrows, each
furrow containing 2-3 vittae. Commissure flatfish, containing
4-6 vittae. Albumen furnished with a furrow inside. — Herb
glabrous. Radical leaves on long petioles, which are hardly
dilated at the base, ternate ; leaflets pinnate : segments pinna-
tifid : lobes diverging, lanceolate, acute. Stem branched, rather
dichotomous, terete. Upper leaves reduced to quite entire, or
unidentate, elongated ligula. Umbels terminal, without invo-
lucra, of 9-10 rays; umbellules 12-15-flowrered ; involucels of
a few small, linear leaves. Flowers white. — This genus is allied
to Eulophus and Physospermum from habit and character, but
differs from both in the calyx being toothless, in the form of
! the stylopodium, and in the want of involucra. From habit
and the somewhat didymous fruit it comes also very near
A' stoma.
1 S. microca'rpa (D. C. 1. c.). Native of the Levant, near
Seyde, at the foot of Mount Lebanon. Fruit small, blackish.
Small-fruited Scaligeria. PI. 1 foot?
Cult. Sow the seeds in autumn, in the open ground ; they
will grow in any common soil.
Suborder III. COELOSPE'RMiE (from koi\oq, koilos,
hollow, and tnrtpya, sperma, a seed ; from the seeds being invo-
lutejy curved from the base to the apex, and therefore forming
a hollow on the inner side). D. C. prod. 4. p. 249. Albumen
involutely curved from the base to the apex, excavated in front.
Tribe XVII.
CORIA'NDREiE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Coriandrum in important characters). Koch, umb. p. 82. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 249, Fruit globose or didymous, with 2 subglobose
mericarps. Mericarps with 5 primary, depressed, or flexuous
ribs ; the lateral ribs placed before the accessory margin ; the
4 secondary ribs are more prominent than the primary ones ;
all wingless. Seeds involute, or curved from the base to the
apex, hence they are excavated in front.
CLXVII. BTFORA [bis, twice, and foris, a door; in refer-
ence to the commissure being furnished with 2 holes). Hoffm.
umb. 191. f. 2. in tit. Koch, umb. 83. D. C. prod. 4. p. 249.
— BIforis, Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 38. and p. 448. —
Corion, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 2. p. 457. — Coriandrum spe-
cies, C. Bauh. Tourn. Lin. — Anfdrum, Neck. elem. no. 319.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; outer petals
nearly equal, or radiating and bifid. Fruit didymous : meri-
carps somewhat globosely ventricose, granularly wrinkled,
marked with 5 impressed obsolete stripes : the 2 lateral stripes
semicircular, and placed before the accessory margin. Vittae
none. Commissure furnished with 2 holes. Seed involute from
the base to the apex. Carpophore bipartite, adnate on both
sides. — Fetid herbs, with sulcately angular stems; and decom-
pound leaves ; having five segments. Umbels of 2-3 rays. Invo-
lucra and involucels wanting, or of one leaf. Flowers white.
1 B. testicula'ta (Spreng. 1. c.) umbels of 2-3 rays ; invo-
lucra and involucels of one leaf; flowers nearly equal ; styles
very short. ©. H. Native of Europe, especially in the south
of France, Italy, Greece, Spain, and of Barbary. Coriandrum
testiculatnm, Lin. spec. p. 367. fl. fr. 4. p. 293. Bifora
dicocca. Hoffm. umb. 192. Bifora flosculosa, Bieb. suppl. 232.
— Lob. icon. t. 706. f. 1. — Pluk. aim. t. 196. f. 2. — Riv. pent.
72. Bauh. hist. 91-92. f. 1. Herb fetid when bruised. Petals
white ; anthers red.
Twin-fruited Bifora. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1640. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 B. ra'dians (Bieb. suppl. 233.) umbels of 5 rays; invo-
lucra and involucels of 1-2 leaves ; outer flowers radiant ; styles
elongated after flowering. ©. H. Native of Tauria, frequent
among corn. Coriandrum testiculatnm, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p.
228. exclusive of the synonymes. Coriandrum orientale, cha-
maemeli folio, Tourn. cor. 22. ? Herb fetid. Petals white ;
anthers red.
Radiant Bifora. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1^ foot.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open border.
CLXVIII. ASTOMA (from a priv. and aroya, stoma, a
mouth ; this genus differs from Bifora in the want of the 2
holes in the commissure ; hence the name). D. C. coll. mem. v.
p. 71. t. 17. prod. 4. p. 249. but not of Gray.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. All as in Bifora, but the
382 UMBELLIFERiE. CLXVIII. Astoma. CLXIX. Atrema. CLXX. Coriandrum. CLXXI. Cymbocarpum.
fruit is more evidently didymous ; the commissure narrow, neither
perforated nor dilated at the apex ; and the styles rather diver-
gent.— A glabrous herb, at first sight appearing like a species
of Seseli. Stem terete, striated, erect, branched. Superior
leaves bipinnatifid : with a few linear, nearly subulate, elongated,
quite entire segments. Umbels by threes, pedunculate at the
tops of the branches : the 2 lateral ones axillary and opposite,
G-8-rayed : but the central umbel is 10-12-rayed. Leaves of
involucrum 5-6, lanceolate, entire, acuminated. Umbellules of
10-12 flowers ; involucels of 4-5 leaves. Flowers white, all
hermaphrodite. This is an intermediate genus between Bifora
and. Atrema ; from the first it differs in the commissure being
imperforated, in the fruit being smaller, and in the involucra and
involucels being of many leaves ; and from the last in the
margin of the calyx being obsolete, in the fruit being without
ribs, and exactly didymous.
1 A. seselifolium (D. C. 1. c.). ©. FI. Native of Egypt,
or rather of Syria, where it was gathered hy Donati. Corian-
drum seselifolium, D. C. The fruit of this plant is 5 times
smaller than in all the other genera of Coridndrece, and exactly
didymous. Mericarps nearly globose.
Seseli-leaved Astoma. FI. June, Jul. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See BiJ'ora, p. 381. for culture and propagation.
CLXIX. ATRE'MA (from a priv. and rpri) ua, trema, a hole ;
there are no holes in the commissure, as in the genus Bifora).
D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 71. t. 18. prod. 4. p. 250.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, acute,
small, permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, nearly equal,
with an indexed segment. Fruit nearly didymous ; mericarps
nearly globose, ventricose : marked with 5 rather prominent
small ribs. Vittae none. Commissure narrow, closed. Seed
involute from the base to the apex. — An herb with a furrowed
stem, having the angles acute and dentately muricated under the
umbels. Leaves multifid, with linear segments. Umbels and
umbellules of 5-8 rays. Involucra and involucels of many
linear-setaceous, undivided leaves. This genus is intermediate
between Coriandrum and Bifora. The flowers are equal and
the fruit is didymous as in Bifora, and the fruit is sapid, 5-
ribbed, and the calyx 5-toothed, as in Coriandrum sativum.
1 A. America'num (D. C. 1. c.). ©. H. Native of North
America, in the southern provinces at the Red River. Corian-
drum Americanum, Nutt, in litt.
American Atrema. PL 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See Bifora, p. 381. for culture and propagation.
CLXX. CORIA'NDRUM (a name used by Pliny, derived
from copig, coris, a bug ; in reference to the fetid smell of the
leaves). Hoffm. umb. p. 186. f. 14-15. in tit. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 250. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 448. Koch, umb. p.
82. f. 72-73. — Coriandrum species, C. Bauh. Tourn. and Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, acute,
unequal, permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an in-
flexed point ; outer petals radiant and bifid. Fruit globose,
10-ribbed, hardly separable ; mericarps with 5 primary depressed
flexuous ribs : and 4 secondary more prominent keeled ones.
Vittae none in the furrows, but 2 in the commissure. Carpo-
phore free in the middle, semi-bifid, adnate at the base and apex.
Seed excavated in front, covered by a loose membrane. — Herb
glabrous. Stems terete. Leaves decompound : the superior
ones most so. Umbels of 3-4 rays, without any involucra ; in-
volucels of 3 dimidiate leaves. Flower-buds sometimes rose-
coloured. Flowers white. Stylopodium conical.
1 C. sativum (Lin. spec. p. 367.). ©. H. but in gardens some-
times $ . Native of corn-fields in the Levant, Tartary, Greece,
1
Italy, and the south of France. The plant, although found wild
in Essex, where it has been long cultivated, is not a native of
this country. Smith, engl. bot. t. 67. fl. graec. t. 283. Blackw.
herb. t. 176. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 13. Brunf. hist. 1. p.
203. Mart. rust. t. 141. Rivin. pent. irr. t. 71. Woodv.
med. bot. 492. t. 181. Plench. icon. t. 204. Moris, hist. 3.
p. 269. sect. 9. t. 11. f. 1. The culture and management of the
coriander consists in sowing the seeds on a light rich soil in
September. Twenty pounds of seed will sow an acre. When
the plants come up, thin them to 6 or 8 inches distance every
way, and next spring stir the soil with a pronged hoe. In
August the seed will be ripe, and if great care be not used, the
largest and best part of the seed will be lost. To prevent this,
women and children are employed to cut plant by plant, and to
put it immediately into cloths, in which it is carried to some
convenient part of the field, and there threshed upon a sail cloth.
A few strokes of the flail get the seeds clean out, and the
threshers are ready for another bundle in a few minutes. In
Essex it is sometimes cultivated with caraway and teazle. See
Cdrum cdrvi. The produce of coriander is from 10 to 14 cwt.
on an acre. It is used by the distillers for flavouring spirits ; by
the confectioner for incrusting with sugar ; and by the druggists
for various purposes, for all of which it is said to have a ready
sale. Coriander seeds are strong and disagreeable when fresh ;
but by drying become sufficiently grateful. They are recom-
mended as carminative and stomachic ; they are also used to
cover the taste of senna, and in spices as currie powder, and
seasoning for black puddings : formerly they were steeped in
wine, and then dried to render them milder.
Var. [3 ? microcaryum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 250.) fruit one half
smaller than that of the species ; segments of the leaves very
slender and short. ©. H. Native of Mexico, at Tampico.
Perhaps a proper species.
Cultivated Coriander. Fl. Ju. Jul. England. PI. 1^ foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in the autumn or spring in the open
ground.
CLXXI. CYMBOCA'RPUM (from cvyfiog, kymbos, a hollow,
and ccipwog, carpos, a fruit ; in reference to the shape of the meri-
carps, which are hollow in front). D. C. ex Meyer, verz. pflanz.
p. 132.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete.
Petals equal, obcordate ; with an inflexed point. Stylopodium
depressed ; styles reflexed. F’ruit nearly globose ; mericarps
solid, hemispherical : with 5 primary, filiform ribs, which are
often obliterated : the lateral ones of these marginating ; secon-
dary ribs none. Vittae wanting. Carpophore bipartite, free in
the middle, but adnate at the base and apex. Seed excavated
in front. — A small, annual fetid plant. Leaves decompound,
with short, linear segments. Umbels opposite the leaves. Leaves
of involucra and involucels linear. Flow'ers white.
1 C. anethioi des (D. C. ex Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 132.)
©. H. Native of Caucasus, in stony places on the mountains
of Talusch, near Swant, about 2000 feet above the level of
the sea.
Fennel-like Cymbocarpum. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Bifora, p. 381.
•
N.B. The two species of Coridndrum cultivated in China and
Cochin-china, are mentioned by Loreiro in his fl. coch. p. 225.
under the names of C. sativum and C. testiculatum ; but the first
differs from the true C. sativum in the involucels being of one
leaf ; and the second differs from the true C. testiculatum or
Bifora, from the involucra and involucels being multifid, and in
the fruit being sweet scented.
ARALlACEiE. I. Adoxa.
383
Order CXXIV. ARALIA'CEiE (this order contains only
plants agreeing with the genus Aralia in important characters).
Juss. diet. 2. p. 348. D. C. prop. med. ed. 2. p. 163. D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. 186. D. C. prod. 4. p. 251. — Araliae, Juss. gen.
p. 247.
Tube of calyx adnate to the ovarium : with the limb entire
or toothed. Petals 5-10, alternating with the calycine teeth,
valvate in aestivation, rarely wanting altogether. Stamens
equal in number to the petals, rarely double that number,
inserted beneath the margin of a large epigynous disk ; anthers
bilocular, peltate. Ovarium adnate to the calyx : with 2 or
more cells, containing each only one ovulum. Styles many,
simple, sometimes distinct and diverging, sometimes joined in
one, rarely wanting ; stigmas simple. Berry 2-15-celled, crown-
ed by the entire or toothed limb of the calyx ; having as many
1 -seeded cells as there are styles. Seeds angular, erect, with a
crustaceous testa, and a membranous endopleura. Embryo
small, inverted, surrounded by copious fleshy albumen : having a
superior radicle, which is twice the length of the cotyledons. —
Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Stems frutescent, often scandent,
adhering by root-formed fibres to other substances, as in ivy.
Leaves alternate, exstipulate, petiolate, simple or compound.
Petioles long, always dilated and thickened at the base. Flowers
axillary or terminal, umbellate or capitate ; the umbels or heads
often disposed in a racemose or paniculate manner : having invo-
lucels usually present.
The order Araliacece approximates Umbelliferce, but differs
from it in the inflorescence being often imperfectly umbellate ;
in the styles being usually many ; in the fruit being baccate, and
usually plurilocular, always without vittse ; and in the parts
of the fruit not being separable ; in the albumen being fleshy,
and in the embryo being nearly the length of the albumen. It
also comes near Ampelidece , but differs in the stamens in Ara-
liacece alternating with the petals, not as in Ampelidece oppo-
site them, in the leaves being exstipulate, and in the inflores-
cence never being opposite the leaves, as well as in the calyx
adhering to the ovarium, not free from it. The genus Hedera
has often been confused with Caprifolidcece , but agrees best
with the present order, in the free petals and structure of the
fruit.
The flowers have no beauty, but the foliage of many is ex-
tremely fine. The medicinal properties are much the same as
those of Umbelliferce, except the fruit, which differs in virtues, as
it does in botanical structure. The bark of many of the species
exudes an aromatic gum-resin, as in Aralia umbellifera and
others. The roots are tonic, with, in some cases, the flavour of
parsnip. The famous Ginseng, which is produced by a species
of Panax , is reputed to have powerful tonic, restorative, and even
aphrodisiacal qualities ; but it is probable that these have been
greatly exaggerated. The plant has perhaps some really invi-
gorating power when fresh, which after the statements made by
Father Jartoux cannot reasonably be doubted.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Adoxa. Calyx 2-3-cleft. Corolla rotate, 4 (f. 66. a.) -5-
cleft. Stamens 8-10. Styles 4-5 (f. 66. b.). Berry 4-celled
4- seeded. Seed girded by a membranous border.
2 Pa'nax. Flowers polygamous. Margin of calyx obso-
letely 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Styles 2-3, short.
Fruit fleshy, compressed, orbicular, or didymous, 2-celled.
3 Cussonia. Margin of calyx entire, or with 5-7 acute teeth.
Petals 5-7. Stamens equal in number to the petals. Ovarium
crowned by a broad disk. Styles 2-3, short. Fruit 2-3-celled,
roundish, nearly dry.
4 Mara'lia. Margin of calyx small. Petals and stamens 5.
Styles 3. Berry cylindrical, 3-celled, 3-seeded.
5 Gilibe'rtia. Margin of calyx entire, drawn out beyond
the ovarium. Petals 5-10. Stamens 5-10. Ovarium 5-10-
celled, crowned by a broad disk. Style short, composed of 5-10
concrete ones, which at length diverge a little at the apex.
Fruit fleshy, 5-10-celled.
6 Gastonia. Margin of calyx entire, drawn out beyond
the ovarium. Petals 5-16. Stamens double the number of the
petals, 2 in front of each petal. Styles 8-12, short, rather con-
crete at the base. Fruit 8-12-celled, 8-12-ribbed, nearly dry.
7 Poly'scias. Margin of calyx short, denticulated. Petals
5- 7, but usually 8. Stamens 5-7, but usually 8. Style none.
Stigmas 3-5, short, spreading. Berry globose, 4-celled, 4-
seeded.
8 Torice'llia. Margin of calyx acutely 5-toothed. Petals 5,
uncinately incurved at the apex. Stamens 5, very short. Styles
4, short. Berry nearly dry, 4-celled.
9 Ara'lia. Margin of calyx very short, entire or toothed
Petals 5, free at the apex. Stamens 5. Styles 5. Berry 5-
celled, usually torose. Seed chartaceous.
10 Sciodapiiy'elum. All as in Aralia, but the petals are
joined together into the form of a calyptra at the apex.
11 He'dera. Margin of calyx elevated or toothed. Petals
5-10, not cohering at the apex. Stamens 5-10. Styles 5-10,
conniving, or joined in one. Berry 5-10-celled.
12 Pauatro'pia. All as in Aralia or Hedera, but differs in
the stigmas being sessile, at first approximate, and immersed in
the epigynous disk.
13 Arthrophy'llum. Margin of calyx short, obsoletely
5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Style short, or almost want-
ing ; stigma obtuse. Fruit baccate, crowned, containing a one-
seeded nucleus.
I. ADO'XA (from a priv. and c io£a, doxa, glory ; without any
appearance. This plant covers the places where it grows, but
the flowers are hardly to be seen, being of the same colour as
the leaves). Lin. gen. no. 501. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 141. t. 112.
f. 9. Lam. ill. t. 320. D. C. prod. 4. p. 251. — Moschatellina,
Tourn. inst. t. 68.
Lin. syst. Ocldndria, Tetragynia. Tube of calyx adnate
to the ovarium, with 2-3 deep segments. Corolla of one petal,
wheel-shaped, in 4-5 (f. 66. a.) deep ovate, acute, spreading seg-
ments, longer than the calyx. Stamens 8 or 10 ; anthers roundish.
Ovarium half superior. Styles 4-5 (f. 66. b.), short, united at
their base, which is permanent. Berry globose, its lower half
invested with the permanent calyx, whose segments surround the
middle part, of one cell, pulpy inside. Seeds 4, ranged round the
384
ARALIACE./E. I. Adoxa. II. Panax.
central pulp, compressed, surrounded by a vertical membranous
border. The terminal flower is only 4-cleft, with 8 stamens :
the rest 5-cleft ; hence according to the rule assumed by Lin-
naeus, this genus is placed in Octandria. — A smooth herb of
humble growth, with twice ternate leaves, and terminal capitate
green flowers, (f. 66. a.)
1 A. moschatelli'na (Lin.
spec. p. 527.) %. H. Native of
Europe and Siberia, even to
Dahuria, in groves, thickets, and
under hedges ; plentiful in Bri-
tain in like situations ; in North
America in the woods between
lat. 54° and 64°, and the Rocky
Mountains between lat. 42° and
46°. Smith, engl. bot. t. 453.
Curt. fl. lond. t. 26. FI. dan.
94. Moschatellina tetragona,
Moench. meth. 478. — Lob. icon.
674. f. 2. — Cord. hist. 1722. f.
Gerard, emac. 1091. Root of
several white imbricated con-
cave scales, producing fibres and runners from their interstices.
Stem angular. Radical leaves twice ternate, on long stalks ;
cauline ones ternate, on long stalks. Flowers with a musk scent,
when moist, forming a round head. (f. 66. a.)
Tuberous Moschatell. Fl. April, May. Britain. PI. foot.
Cult. The plant will grow freely under the shade of trees ;
and will be easily increased by the offsets.
II. PA'NAX (from rrav, pan, all, and aeog, alcos, a remedy ;
that is to say, a remedy for all diseases; in allusion to the mira-
culous virtues which is attributed to P.quinquefdlium, the ginseng
of the shops). Lin. gen. no. 1166. Lam. ill. t. 860. D. C. prod.
4. p. 252.
Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dice'cia. Flowers polygamous. Mar-
gin of calyx very short, obsoletely 5-toothed. Petals 5 (f. 67.
a.). Stamens 5, inserted along with the petals under the margin
of the disk, alternating with them. Styles 2-3, short. Fruit
fleshy, compressed, orbicular, or didymous (f. 67. c.), 2-celled :
cells coriaceously chartaceous, 1 -seeded. — Herbs, shrubs, and
trees, having the leaves and inflorescence variable. The habit
of the species is heterogeneous, but the characters of those that
are perfectly known agree.
§1. Herbaceous plants, with tuberous roots ; and verticillate,
petiolate, palmately -compound leaves. — Aureliana , Cat. car.
append, t. 16. — Aralidstrum, Vaill. serm. p. 43.
1 P. QUINQUEFOLIUM (Lin.
spec. 1 5 12.) root fusiform, a little
branched ; leaves with 5 leaflets,
which are stalked from the top of
the common petiole; peduncle
of umbel shorter than the pe-
tioles ; styles and seeds 2. 7/ .
H. Native of North Ame-
rica, in shady mountain woods,
from Canada to Carolina ; and
of the north of Asia, as in
Tauria ; and the north of China.
Sims, bot. mag. 1333. Bigel.
med. bot. 2. t. 29. Woodv.
med. bot. t. 99. Blackw. 513.
- — Lafit. gins. 5 1 . t. 1. Catesb.
car. 16. — Trew, ehret. t. 6. f. 1. Jartoux, in phil. trans. 20.
p. 237. Herb larger than the following "species. Flowers yel-
lowish. Berry globose, depressed, red. This plant is a native
of Chinese Tartary, and also of North America. In the former
country it has been gathered as an invaluable drug from time
immemorial. In 1709 the Emperor of China gave orders to
10,000 Tartars to go in quest of the root, and to bring as
much as they could find ; every one was to give two pounds of
the best to the emperor, and to sell the rest for the same weight
of fine silver. The roots, which are said to bear some resem-
blance to the human form, are gathered and dried, and enter
into almost every medicine used by the Tartars and Chinese.
Osbeck says that he never looked into the apothecaries’ shops
but they were always selling ginseng, that both poor people and
those of the highest rank made use of it, and that they boil
half an ounce in their tea or soup every morning, as a remedy
for consumption and other diseases. Jartoux relates that the
most eminent physicians of China have written volumes on the
medicinal powers of this plant, asserting that it gives immediate
relief in extreme fatigue, either of body or mind, that it dissolves
petuitous humours, and renders respiration easy, strengthens
the stomach, promotes appetite, stops vomiting, removes hyste-
rical, hypochondriacal, and all nervous affections, giving a
vigorous tone of body, even in extreme old age. The French
in Canada use the root for curing the asthma, and as a stomachic.
After all, our physicians say that we have no proof of the effi-
cacy of ginseng in Europe, and that from its sensible qualities
it seems to possess very little power as a medicine. The Chinese
name of yansam or yanson, and the American one garangtonges
or garangtoging are both derived from the fancied resemblance
in the root.
Five-leaved Panax. or Ginseng. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1740 PI. 1| ft.
2 P. trifolium (Lin. spec. 1512.) root globose ; leaves of 3,
rarely of 5 leaflets, which are sessile on the top of the common
petiole ; peduncle of umbel longer than the petioles ; styles and
seeds 3. !{:. H. Native of North America, in low shady
woods, from Canada to Georgia. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p.
256. Bigel. fl. host. ed. 2. p. 376. P. pusilla, Sims, bot. mag.
1334. Aralia triphylla, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 418. — Pluk. mant.
t. 435. f. 7. — Trew. ehret. t. 6. f. 2. A small herb, with the
habit of Anemone nemorosa. Flowers greenish. Berry greenish,
bluntly trigonal.
Three-leaved Ginseng. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. PI. £ ft.
3 P. pseu'do-ginseng (Wall, in act. soc. med. et phys. calc.
4. p. 117. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 30. t. 137.) tubers of roots in
fascicles ; leaves in threes or fours, quinate or ternate ; leaflets
lanceolate, ending in a long taper point, petiolate, much atte-
nuated at both ends, doubly and cuspidately serrated, sometimes
deeply serrated, beset with hoary bristles along the nerves and
midrib ; peduncles terminal, usually trifid, about equal in length
to the petioles; flowers hermaphrodite; berries 2-3 -seeded.
%. H. Native of Nipaul, on the top of Mount Sheopore.
Flowers whitish. Styles 2-3. Berry 2-3-celled, red. I his
species comes very near to P. quinquej oliuni or Ginseng, but is
not known to possess any medicinal qualities.
False Ginseng. Fl. June. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 P. tripinna'tum (Wall. cat. no. 4934.) herbaceous, un-
armed ; leaves triternate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, mucro-
nately serrated, pale beneath, rather downy ; panicle long,
pubescent; umbellules many-flowered. 1£. H. Native of
Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. P. decompositum, Wall, but not of
D. C.
Tripimale-lenved Panax. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
§ 2. Prickly shrubs. Leaves ternate, or palmately lobed.
5 P. aculea'tum (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 448.) stem shrubby;
FIG. 66.
FIG. 67.
ARALIACEiE. II. Panax.
385
branches and petioles prickly ; leaves of 3 ovate, or nearly lan-
ceolate, glabrous leaflets ; umbels terminal, usually simple,
rarely compound, on short peduncles; petals 5. T? . G. Na-
tive of China. Jacq. coll. 4. p. 175. icon, rar. t. 634. Zan-
thoxylum trifoliatum, Lin. spec. 1455. Lam. diet. 2. p. 40.
Umbels exinvolucrate. Pedicels purplish. Flowers white, poly-
gamous. Calyx exactly 5-toothed. Styles 2-3, short. Prickles
hooked.
Prickly Panax. FI. Nov. Clt. 1773. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
6 P. Loureiria'num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 252.) stem shrubby;
branches prickly : leaves of 3 broad, lanceolate leaflets ;
umbels terminal, dense; petals 4. J? . G. Native of China,
in the province of Canton. Plectronia Chinensis, Lour. coch.
p. 162. This is a true species of Panax, and probably nothing
but P. aculeatum. Flowers white. Stamens 5. Berry 2-seeded.
Loureiro’s Panax. Shrub 5 feet.
7 P. ho'rridum (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. 26. no. 10.) shrub
bushy and very prickly ; leaves simple, palmately lobed, deeply
serrated, cordate : with prickly veins ; umbels capitate, race-
mose ; styles and seeds 2. 1? .
H. Native of the west coast
of North America, at Nootka
Sound. Abundant on the west
side of the Rocky Mountains,
from the head- springs of the
Columbia to the coast ; and of
North California, ex Smith ; and
of the islands of Kadiak and
Sitka, according to Steven.
Styles 2, short. Fruit orbicular,
pulpy. Racemes hispid. Flowers
polygamous. Aralia occidenta-
ls, Willd. herb, ex Stev. The
entangled stems of this remark-
able plant are described as a
great impediment to travellers in the woods of North
Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 273. t. 98. (f. 68.)
Horrid Panax. Shrub straggling.
8 P. ? Hainla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 2 53.) stem arboreous, prickly;
leaves cordate, 5-lobed, toothed, coriaceous, glabrous ; umbels
globose, tomentose, disposed in racemose panicles. • 1? . F.
Native of Nipaul, at Narain-hetty. Hedera Hainla, Hamilt. in
D. Don, prod. nep. 187.
Hainla Panax. Tree.
§ 3. Shrubby, unarmed. Leaves simple, undivided.
9 P. cochlea'tum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 253.) stem thick, fru-
tescent, unarmed ; leaves petiolate, cordate, ovate-roundish,
concave, cochleate, spiny-ciliated, and somewhat toothed ; um-
bels densely capitate, disposed in a panicle. S. Native of
the Moluccas and Java. Aralia cochleata, Lam. diet. 1. p. 224.
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 697. P. scutellarioides, Reinw. in Blum,
bijdr. ned. ind. 880. P. conchifolia, Roxb. — Scutellaria, Rumph.
amb. 4. p. 75. t. 31 .
AAf/Lleaved Panax. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
10 P. Heynea'num (Wall. cat. no. 4927.) shrubby, unarmed ;
leaves broad, roundish-cordate, petiolate, quite entire, coriaceous,
glabrous ; branches of panicle in clusters ; umbellules few-
flowered. ^ • S. Native of the East Indies.
Heyne’s Panax. Tree.
11 P. si'mplex (Forst. prod. no. 399.) stem fruticose ; leaves
lanceolate, serrated ; umbels compound. \ . G. Native of
New Zealand. Perhaps the same as P. simplicifblium, Dietr.
gaertn. lex. 6. p. 633.
Simple-\ea.ved Panax. Shrub.
VOL. III.
§ 4. Unarmed shrubs, with digitate leaves.
12 P. attenua'tum (Swartz, prod. p. 54. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
562.) stem shrubby, unarmed ; leaves petiolate, digitate ; sti-
pulas intrapetiolar, membranous : leaflets 5, rarely 3, petiolate,
ovate, narrowly acuminated, crenated, glabrous ; umbels ter-
minal ; branches racemiferous. 1? . S. Native of Guada-
loupe and St. Christopher. Racemes shorter than the leaves.
Fruit compressed, indehiscent, obtuse, hardish, 2-seeded, rarely
3-seeded. Flowers hermaphrodite, all fertile. Style bifid,
rarely trifid.
Attenuated- leafletted Panax. Clt. 1823. Shrub 10 to 12 ft.
13 P, arboreum (Forst. prod. 398.) stem arboreous, un-
armed; leaves digitate, petiolate; leaflets 5, obovate, serrate-
toothed ; umbels compound ; rays of umbel elongated. . G.
Native of New Zealand. Lin. fil. suppl. 441.
Arboreous Panax. Tree.
14 P. ? Gaudichau'dii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 253. Hook, and
Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. 1. p. 84.) stem arboreous, glabrous,
unarmed ; leaves digitate, petiolate : superior ones opposite ;
leaflets 5, on long petioles, oval-elliptic, obtuse, remotely and
sharply serrated, coriaceous ; peduncles terminal, bearing umbels
which are disposed in panicles ; pedicels very short ; styles 3 ;
fruit globosely-trigonal, 3-seeded. T? . G. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands, in temperate places. Aralia trigyna, Gaud. voy.
p. 474. t. 98. This species is very nearly allied to P. Lessonii,
and will perhaps, along with it, form a separate genus.
Gaudichaud's Panax. Tree.
15 P. ? Lessonii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 253.) shrub gla-
brous, unarmed ; leaves digitate, petiolate ; leaflets 3-5, ob-
ovate-lanceolate, cuneated at the base, acute, and quite entire
at the apex, or bluntly somewhat toothed ; umbels panicled,
rising from the upper axils of the leaves, length of leaves.
Ij . G. Native of New Zealand, where it was gathered by
Lesson. Petioles not dilated at the base. Peduncles having
the branches umbellately disposed at the apex, the rest scattered.
Leaves scattered along the branches. Styles 3, very short, almost
concrete.
Lesson's Panax. Shrub.
16 P. ? ova'tum (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. 1. p.
84.) stem arboreous, glabrous, unarmed ; leaves petiolate : su-
perior ones opposite ; leaflets 3, on long petiolules, ovate, quite
entire, coriaceous. fj . F. Native of the Sandwich Islands.
Flowers and fruit unknown.
Or«te-leaved Panax. Tree.
17 P. ? platypiiy'llum (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
1 . p. 84.) stem arboreous, glabrous, unarmed ; leaves petiolate :
upper ones opposite ; leaflets 3, on long petiolules, transversely
oblong, twice as broad as long, apiculated at the apex, coria-
ceous, quite entire ; peduncles terminal, bearing umbels of
flowers, which are disposed in panicles. T? . S. Native of
Oahu, one of the Sandwich Islands.
Broad-leaved Panax. Tree.
18 P. glabra'tum (FI. B. et Kunth,nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 10.)
stem arboreous, unarmed ; leaves petiolate, digitate ; leaflets 5,
petiolulate, elliptic-oblong, acute at the base, quite entire, gla-
brous ; panicle terminal ; umbellules few-flowered. • S. Na-
tive of South America, near La Vente Grande de Caraccas.
Smooth Panax. Tree 20 feet.
19 P. longi-petiola'tum (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 253.) stem arboreous, unarmed ; leaves on long petioles, digi-
tate, glabrous ; leaflets 5-9, oblong, acuminated, acute at the
base, entire, or acutely toothed, membranous, on long petioles :
adult ones glabrous, but when young clothed with rusty tomen-
tum beneath. Ij • S. Native of Brazil.
Long-petioled Panax. Tree.
FIG. 68.
386
ARALIACEjE. II. Panax.
20 P. sple'ndens (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 11.) stem arbo-
reous, unarmed ; leaves digitate, on long petioles ; leaflets 9,
petiolulate, somewhat oblong, cuspidately acuminated, rounded
at the base, or somewhat cordate, sharply and doubly toothed,
rather hispid above and silky beneath. Ij . S. Native of
South America, in the temperate parts of Popayan. Aralia mi-
cans, Willd. mss. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 701. Flowers and
fruit unknown.
Splendent- leaved Panax. Tree 20 feet?
21 P. serra'tum (Wall, in herb. Moricand. ex D. C. prod. 4,
p. 253.) stem shrubby, unarmed ; leaves on long petioles, digi-
tate ; leaflets 7, petiolulate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, rather
bluntish at the base, somewhat serrated, pale beneath, glabrous on
both surfaces in the adult state. \ . G. Native of Nipaul.
Umbels many, disposed in a racemose manner.
Serrated-leaved Panax. Shrub.
22 P. tomentosum (Wall, in herb. Moricand, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 254.) stem shrubby, unarmed ; leaves on long petioles,
digitate ; leaflets 5 ? petiolulate, oblong-lanceolate, quite entire,
acuminated, somewhat attenuated at the base, glabrous above,
and tomenlose beneath. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers
like those of P. serrdtum, and perhaps, with that species, ought
to be excluded from Panax.
Tomenlose Panax. Shrub.
23 P. speciosum (Willd. spec. 4. p. 112G.) stem arboreous,
unarmed; leaves petiolate, digitate; leaflets 7-10, petiolulate,
ovate-oblong, rounded at the base, acute and quite entire at the
apex, flat, clothed with silky tomentum beneath ; panicles ter-
minal, crowded ; umbels of 12-15 flowers. 1? . S. Native of
Caraccas and Porto-Rico, on sterile hills. P. spinosa, Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 778. P. undulatum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 5. p. 11. t. 417. f. 2. Panicle very showy, rather silky.
Petioles 3 feet long ; leaflets nearly a foot long.
Showy Panax. Tree large.
24 P. Morototoni (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 949. t. 360.) stem
arboreous, unarmed; leaves petiolate, digitate; leaflets 7-9,
oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, quite entire, undu-
lated, clothed with golden tomentum beneath ; panicle terminal,
diffuse ; umbellules of 8-13 rays. T? • S. Native of Cayenne,
and the Island of Trinidad. P. chrysophyllum, Vahl. eclog. 1.
p. 33. P. undulata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 298. but not of Kunth.
Fruit compressed, pubescent. Leaflets like the leaves of Chry-
sophyllum Caimto. Morototoni is the Guiana name of the tree.
Morototoni Panax. Clt. 1822. Tree 100 feet.
25 P. seri'ceum (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 254.) stem
arboreous, unarmed; leaves digitate; leaflets 6-7, nearly sessile,
oblong, obtuse, cuneated, with a revolute entire margin, coria-
ceous, silky from very fine rusty down beneath ; racemes um-
belliferous, panicled, clothed with silky rusty down. ^ . S.
Native of Brazil. P. vinosus, Schlecht. ex Pohl.
Silky Panax. Tree.
§ 5. Shrubby or herbaceous plants. Leaves pinnate, bipinnate,
and pinnately decompound.
26 P. ? Anisum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 254.) stem shrubby, un-
armed ; branches very hispid; leaves impari-pinnate : with
5-7 oval, quite entire leaflets, which are acute at both ends ;
umbels terminal, compound. 1 j . S. Native of the Moluccas,
and other Indian islands. Anisum Molucchnum, Rumph. amb.
2. p. 132. t. 42. Fruit rather didymous, with the scent of
anise-seed.
^nise-scented-seeded Panax. Shrub 10 feet.
27 P. Leschenau'ltii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 254.) stem shrubby,
unarmed ; leaves pinnate : with 5 petiolulate, broadly ovate,
narrowly acuminated, acutely serrated, glabrous leaflets ; umbels
compound, bracteate. Tj . F. Native of the East Indies, on
the Nellighery mountains, where it was gathered under the name
of Sole maliquet. Calyx bluntly 5-toothed.
Leschenault's Panax. Tree.
28 P. bi'jugum (Wall. cat. 4937.) unarmed ; leaves pinnate ;
leaflets 5, broad-ovate, acuminated, smooth, spinulosely serrated,
rather oblique at the base ; panicle umbellate, compound, spread-
ing ; umbellules of many flowers. 1? . G. Native of Nipaul.
Two-pair ed-leadetted Panax. Tree.
29 P. pinna' tum (Lam. diet. 2. p. 715.) stem shrubby, un-
armed ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets oval-lanceolate, acu-
minated, nearly entire, glabrous ; panicle terminal ; umbels few-
flowered. . S. Native of the Moluccas. Scutellaria se-
cunda, Rumph. amb. 4. p. 76. t. 32. Panax secunda, Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 215. Berry somewhat compressed.
Pinnate-leaved Panax. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
30 P. arma'tum (Wall. cat. no. 4933.) stem shrubby, prickly ;
rachis of leaves jointed, furnished with hooked prickles, par-
ticularly at the joints ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, serrated, beset
with bristly hairs on both surfaces, but particularly on the nerves ;
panicle long, downy ; umbellules many-flowered. T? . S. Na-
tive of the East Indies.
Armed Panax. Shrub.
31 P. Finlaysonia'num (Wall. cat. no. 4936.) shrub furnished
with hooked prickles on the stems, and rachis of leaves; leaves
pinnate and bipinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, membranous,
coarsely serrated, beset with bristly hairs on both surfaces ;
panicle large ; umbellules many-flowered. . S. Native of
the East Indies.
Finlayson’s Panax. Shrub.
32 P. fra'grans (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 21.) stem shrubby,
unarmed ; leaves decompound, having the petiole many times
oppositely branched : the ultimate branches of the petiole tri-
foliate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, entire, petiolulate, the middle
one the longest ; panicles loose : ultimate branches short, bearing
few-flowered umbellules. f? . G. Native of Nipaul. Hedera
fragrans, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 187. ? but the leaves are not
truly ternate, nor the margins setaceously serrated, nor any ways
glaucous beneath.
Fragrant Panax. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
33 P. fruticosum (Lin. spec. 1513.) stem shrubby, unarmed ;
leaves pinnately decompound ; leaflets petiolate, oval-oblong,
acuminated, coarsely and dentately serrated : ultimate ones
deeply trifid ; panicle corymbose : with the branches umbelli-
ferous at the apex. J? . S. Native of the islands of Ternatea,
Java, and Amboyna. Andr. bot. rep. t. 595. Blum, bijdr.
p. 880. Scutellaria tertia, Rumph. amb. 4. p. 78. t. 33. Styles
3. Berry 2-3-seeded. Leaves bipinnate or tripinnate.
Shrubby Panax. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 6 feet.
34 P. obtu'sum (Blum, bijdr. p. 880.) stem shrubby, un-
armed ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets obovate-roundish,
entire, or deeply parted, repandly and cuspidately serrated ;
umbels compound, terminal. 1? . S. Native of Java, where
it is called Kodong-dong.
Oitwse-leafletted Panax. Shrub.
35 P. sambucifolium (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. 2. no. 256.)
stem shrubby, unarmed ; leaves pinnate, and somewhat bipin-
nate ; leaflets petiolulate, distant, oblong, acuminated, remotely
serrated; panicle terminal; umbels 10-12-flowered. Ij. G.
Native of New Holland. Styles 2, acute.
Elder-leaved Panax. Shrub.
36 P. decomfosixum (Wall, in herb. Moricand. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 255.) stem herbaceous? unarmed; leaves impari-
pinnate, of 2-4 pairs of petiolulate, ovate, acuminated, sharply
serrated, glabrous, or rather scabrous leaflets ; umbels decom-
pound.— Native of Nipaul. Umbellules many-flowered; pedi-
cels 4-5 lines long.
1
387
ARALIACEiE. III. Cussonia. IV. Maraua. V. Gilibertia.
Z)eco»i^OM«d-umbelled Panax. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. The hardy species of this genus grow best in peat,
and are increased by dividing at the root. The other species
grow well in a mixture of loam and sand : and are increased by
cuttings which should be planted in sand, with a hand-glass
placed over them.
III. CUSSO'NIA (in honour of Peter Cusson, once Pro-
fessor of Botany in the University of Montpelier: his writings
are principally on umbelliferous plants). Thunb. nov. act. ups.
3. p. 212. nov. gen. 1. p. 11. Lin. 111. suppl. 182. Juss. gen.
p. 217. Lam. ill. t. 187. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 22. D. C. prod,
4. p. 255.
Lin. syst. Pent-Heptdndria, Di-Trigynia. Margin of calyx
short, entire or with 5-7 acute teeth. Petals 5-7. Stamens
5-7, alternating with the petals. Ovarium turbinate, crowned
by a broad disk. Styles 2-3, short, erect, distinct, approximate.
Fruit 2-3-celled, roundish, nearly dry. — Cape shrubs ; with
rather succulent, thick trunks. Leaves glabrous, petiolate,
palmate; leaflets 5-7, 1-nerved, entire, or lobed. Flowers
greenish.
1 C. spica'ta (Thunb. nov. act. ups. 3. p. 212. t. 13.) leaves
palmate ; leaflets petiolate, variously and acutely cut, often trifid
at the apex; flowers spicate, exactly sessile along the rachis.
I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap.
247. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 115. Shrub glabrous, 8-10 feet
high. Leaflets usually 7, rarely 5, lower ones 3, variously pin-
nate-parted, ternate at the apex ; lobes angularly toothed, very
acute. Calyx entire. Flower bud globose. Styles 2-3. Flowers
spirally disposed along the rachis of the spike in 5-6 series.
(Spiked-flowered Cussonia. Clt. 1789. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
2 C. thyrsiflora (Thunb. act. nov. ups. 3. t. 12.) leaves
palmate ; leaflets sessile, cuneiform, obtuse, truncate, tridentate ;
flowers racemose, pedicellate along the rachis. . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. p. 89. t. 61.
C. thyrsoidea, Thunb. nov. gen. 1. p. 11. Pers. ench. 1. p.
298. Leaflets some of them entire, and a little toothed : others
are ternate, varying in number from 3 to 5. Calyx acutely 5-
toothed. Styles 3. There is a variety of this with jointed
leaflets, the lowest joints dilated at end into smaller lobes.
Thyrse-flomered Cussonia. Clt. 1795. Tree 6 to 12 feet.
3 C. triptera (Colla, hort. ripul. 43. t. 26.) leaves palmate,
leaflets sessile, variously and deeply pinnatifid, trifid at the apex.
. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The leaflets are
the number and form of those of C. spicata, but they are ses-
sile, as in C. thyrsiflora. Flowers unknown.
Three-winged Cussonia. Shrub.
Cult. A mixture of peat, loam, and sand is a good soil for
the species ; and cuttings root readily if planted under a hand-
glass.
IV. MARA'LIA (altered from Aralia). Pet. Th. nov. gen.
mad. p. 13. no. 43. D. C. prod. 4. p. 255. Aralia species of
Schultes.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Margin of calyx small.
Petals and stamens 5. Styles 3. Ovarium cylindrical. Berry
cylindrical, 3-celled, 3-seeded. — A small shrub, native of Mada-
gascar. Leaves pinnate. Racemes hanging. Umbellules on
long peduncles. Berries blackish. — This genus differs from all
others in the present order, particularly in the ovarium and fruit
being cylindrical, not turbinate nor obovate.
1 M. Madagascarie'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 255.). T? . S.
Native of Madagascar. Aralia Maralia, Schultes, syst. 6. p.
704.
Madagascar Maralia. Shrub.
Cult. See Cussonia above for culture and propagation.
V. GILIBE'RTIA (named after J. E. Gilibert, a French
botanist, author of Chloris de Lyon). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod,
p. 50. t. 8. D.C. prod. 4. p. 255. — Gastonia species, Lam.
Lin. syst. Pent-Decdndria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx
entire, drawn out beyond the ovarium. Petals 5-10. Stamens
the same number as there are petals, and alternating with them.
Ovarium 5-10-celled, crowned by a broad disk above. Style
short, thick, conical or pyramidal, composed of 5-10 joined ones,
which are erectly conniving at the apex at first, but at length
diverging a little. Fruit fleshy. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves
variable. Flowers umbellate, disposed in racemose panicles.
This genus differs from Gastonia in the stamens being equal in
number to the petals, not double that number as in that genus ;
and in the style being thick and pyramidal, hardly divided at the
apex, not parted to the base, and stellate.
1 G. umbella'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 75. t. 312.)
leaves simple ; petioles unarmed ; limb oval-oblong, obsoletely
denticulated, glabrous ; umbels terminal, compound. . G.
Native of Peru, in the groves of Munna. Calyx 7-toothed. Pe-
tals 7. Style thick, conical ; stigmas 7, at length spreading a
little. Fruit 7-celled. Wangenlieimia umbellata and Ginannia
umbellata, Dietr. ex Steud.
Umbellate-Powered Gilibertia. Tree.
2 G. palma' ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 256.) leaves simple, gla-
brous above, and clothed with rusty pubescence beneath, cor-
date, palmately lobed : lobes lanceolate, acute, serrated ; petioles
long, prickly ; flowers umbellate. Ij . G. Native of the East
Indies, at Chittagong. Gastonia palmata, Roxb. hort. beng. 33.
Lindl. bot. reg. 894. Calyx plicate. Petals white, nearly ovate,
5-9. Perhaps G. palmata, Mess. sc. 1825. in Feruss. bull.
1825. oct. 220. From the description the leaves are said to be
nearly peltate ; the leaflets petiolate, and the petals wanting.
Flowers whitish.
Palmate-leaved Gilibertia. Fl. Feb. March. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 G. repa'nda (D. C. 1. c.) leaves or leaflets broadly ovate,
feather-nerved, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, bluntly
somewhat attenuated at the base, on short petioles, with repand-
toothed margins; flowers umbellate. 1? . S. Native of the
Mauritius. Margin of calyx short, entire. Ovarium sulcate,
conical in the superior part. Style hardly any ; stigmas 5-7,
very short, nearly stellate. The leaves or leaflets being detached
from the specimen examined, it is doubtful whether the leaves
are simple or compound ; but from analogy we would rather
consider them as compound.
/?ejoaHO?-toothed-leaved Gilibertia. Shrub.
4 G. Nalugu (D. C. 1. c.) leaves impari-pinnate : with 5
ovate, acuminated, feather-nerved, coarsely and irregularly-tooth-
ed, coriaceous, glabrous leaflets ; flowers corymbose. . S.
Native of Malabar. Nalugu, Rheed. mal. 2. p. 43. t. 26.
Gastonia Nalugu, Lam. diet. 2. p. 611. Smith, in Rees’ cycl.
vol. 15. Petals 5. Stamens unknown. Fruit nearly globose,
depressed, blueish black, 8-9-seeded. Flowers whitish or green.
Nalugu is the Brahmin name of the tree.
Nalugu Gilibertia. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
5 G. panicula'ta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves or leaflets broadly ob-
ovate, obtuse, feather-nerved, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ;
flowers panicled, disposed in racemes along the branches of the
panicle. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius and Bourbon. The
leaves or the leaflets, whichever they may be, are about a foot
long, and 6 inches broad. Panicle 6-8 inches long. Flowers on
short pedicels. Margin of calyx entire ; flower-bud conical,
obtuse, 10-angled. Petals 10, valvate. Stamens 10, alternat-
ing with the petals. Style thick, conical, hardly 8-10-lobed at
the apex. Ovarium 8, rarely 9-10-celled.
Panicled Gilibertia. Tree.
3 d 2
388
ARALIACEjE. VI. Gastonia. VII. Polyscias. VIII. Toricellia. IX. Aralia.
f A species not described.
6 G. saururoides (D. C. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of the Moluc-
cas. Gastonica saururoides, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 90.
Saururus-like Gilibertia. Tree.
Cult. Shrubs and trees, having handsome foliage. The soil
best adapted to grow these is a mixture of sand, loam, and peat;
and cuttings are readily rooted, if planted in sand under a hand-
glass in heat.
VI. GASTO'NIA (Commerson instituted this genus in honour
of Gaston de Bourbon, son of Henry IV. of France ; a promoter
of botany). Comm, in Juss. gen. 217. Lam. diet. 2. p. 610.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 256.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx entire,
drawn out beyond the ovarium. Petals 5-16. Stamens double
the number of the petals, 2 of which are opposite each petal.
Ovarium 8-12-celled. Styles 8-12, short, concrete at the very
base. Fruit 8-12-celled, 8-12-ribbed, nearly dry, ex Juss. cap-
sular.— A tree, native of the Mauritius. Leaves impari-pinnate.
Mowers umbellate; umbels exinvolucrate, disposed in panicles.
1 G. cutispongia (Lam. diet. 2. p. 610.) 1? • S. Native of
Bourbon, where it is called by the inhabitants bois d’ eponge or
sponge-mood. G. spongiosa, Pers. encli. 2. p. 20. Araliaceae,
Sieb. fl. maur. exsic. 2. p. 197. A tall smooth tree, covered
with spongy bark. Leaves at the tops of the branches impari-
pinnate : with 5 coriaceous, ovate, obtuse, quite entire leaflets.
Racemes rising under the leaves, bearing umbels, containing
about 20 flowers each.
Spongy-barked Gastonia. Tree tall.
Cult. See Gastonia above for culture and propagation.
VII. POLY'SCIAS (from tto\v, poly, many, and cruia, skia,
a shadow ; in reference to the numerous umbels). Forst.
gen. p. 63. t. 32. Lam. diet. 5. p. 559. ill. t. 320. with a figure.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 257.
Lin. syst. Pent-Octdndria, Tri-Pentagynia. Margin of calyx
short, denticulated. Petals 5-7, but usually 8, lanceolate, spread-
ing. Stamens equal in number to the petals, and alternating
with them. Style wanting ; stigmas 3-5, short, erectly spread-
ing. Berry globose, crowned by the margin of the calyx and
stigmas, 4-celled, 4-seeded. Leaves pinnate. Umbels com-
pound or verticillately proliferous ; umbellules of many rays,
flat. The rest unknown. A very doubtful genus, but probably
only a species of Aralia.
1 P. tinna'ta (Forst. 1. c.) \ . G. Native of the islands in
the Southern ocean. P. umbellata, Spreng. ex Steud. nom. 546.
A plant has been sent by La Billardiere from New Zealand,
under the name of Polyscias, which rather disagrees with the
description given by Forster of his plant, in the branches of the
panicle being verticillate, and in the umbellules being 5-7-
flowered. Margin of calyx nearly entire. Disk fleshy, cover-
ing the ovarium. Styles 2-3, erect, approximate, acute. Leaf-
lets oblong, obtuse at the base, and acuminated at the apex,
with somewhat denticulated margins.
Pinnate- leaved Polyscias. Tree or shrub.
Cult. See Cussonia, p. 387. for culture and propagation.
VIII. TORICE'LLIA (in honour of Dr. Toricelli, who pre-
pared a barometer for the measurement of mountains, and there-
fore has done something towards the geography of botany).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 257.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Tetragynia. Margin of calyx acutely
5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong, attenuated at the base, and unci-
nately incurved at the apex. Stamens 5 ; filaments very short ;
anthers ovate. Styles 4, straight, short. Berry nearly dry,
ovate, crowned by the calyx, 4-celled. Seed unknown. — A
small mountain shrub : with terete white glabrous branches,
ringed with cicatrices. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, simple,
cordate, roundish, membranous, palmately 5-nerved, coarsely
and acutely toothed, somewhat 5-lobed, pubescent along the
nerves and nervules ; petioles rather dilated at the base. Panicle
terminal, many flowered. Flowers abortive or polygamous, or
the number of parts are rather variable. This genus is nearly
allied to Polyscias.
1 T. tiluefolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 257.) T? . H. Native of
Nipaul, on the highest mountains. Sambucus ? tiliaefolia. Wall,
mss. Leaves 5-6 inches in diameter, on petioles 3 inches long.
Lime-tree-leaved Toricellia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. This shrub w ill grow very well in the open ground, and
it may be increased by cuttings or seeds.
IX. ARA'LIA (a name of unknown meaning, under which
one species was sent to Fagon from Quebec, in 1764, by one
Sarrazin, a French physician). D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 185. in a
note. Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 8. in a note. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 257. — Aralia species of Lin. and other authors. — Aralia verae,
Blum, bijdr. 869.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Pentagy nia. Margin of calyx very
short, entire or toothed. Petals 5, free, and expanded at the
apex. Stamens 5. Styles 5, expanded, spreading divaricately.
Berry 5-celled, usually torose. Pyrenae chartaceous. — Herbs
and shrubs, indigenous to North America, with compound
leaves ; and umbellate white flowers, which are usually disposed
in panicles.
§ 1. Unarmed species.
1 A. nudicau'lis (Lin. spec. 393.) plant stemless ; radical leaf
one, with a trifid petiole : impari-pinnate divisions, bearing each 5
ovate acute serrated leaflets ; scape trifid at the apex, shorter
than the leaf : each division bearing a many-flowered umbel,
without any involucrum. If. H. Native of North America, from
Canada to Carolina, and from Lake Huron throughout the woody
country to lat 64°, and the Rocky Mountains; and of Newfound-
land. Lam. diet. 1. p. 224. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 327. Big. fl.
host. ed. 2. p. 122. Rafin. med. bot. 1. t. 8. — Pluk. aim. t. 238.
f. 5. Petals white, reflexed. Stamens exserted. Styles 3-5,
short, erect, distinct. The Crees use the root of this plant as a
remedy against the venereal disease, under the name of manpoos-
ootchepeh, i. e. rabbit-root ; and also they apply the bruised bark
of its root to recent wounds. — Richardson. The roots were for-
merly brought over and sold for sarsaparilla, and some of the
inhabitants of Canada make use of it as such, but it is very dif-
ferent from the true sort. A. nudicaulis, Blum, bijdr. p. 870.
introduced into Java from Japan, is distinct from our plant.
Naked-stemmed Aralia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PI. |
to 1 foot.
2 A. racemosa (Lin. spec. 393.) stem herbaceous, smooth,
divaricately branched ; petioles tripartite, the partitions bearing
each 3-5, ovate or cordate, acuminated, serrated, smoothish
leaflets ; peduncles axillary, and disposed in a terminal raceme,
umbelliferous ; involucrum small, of few leaves. . H. Native of
North America, from Canada to Virginia, in rocky shady situa-
tions; throughout Canada, &c. from Lake Huron to the Sas-
katchawan. Schkuhr, handb. 1. t. 86. Hayn. term. bot. t. 38.
f. 5. — Corn. can. t. 75. — Moris, hist, sect. 1. t. 2. f. 9. Petals
greenish-white, spreading. Styles 5, short, erect, hardly re-
curved at the apex. Fruit 5-ribbed. Stamens equal in length
to the petals. The plant is called sj:ikenard in North America,
and is highly esteemed as a medicine. Axillary branches leafy.
ARALIACEiE. IX. Aralia.
389
Racemose-^ owered Aralia. FI. June, Sept. Clt. 1658. PI.
3 to 4 feet.
3 A. hu'milis (Cav. icon. 4. p. 7. t. 313.) stem herbaceous,
glabrous, a little branched ; leaves impari-pinnate, pubescent :
leaflets cordate, acute, serrated ; umbels disposed in terminal
racemes ; involucra very short, of many leaves. G. Native
of New Spain. The fruit, according to Cav. icon, is nearly glo-
bose. Styles 5, erect, rather distant. Stem variegated with
brown tubercles. Petals green.
Humble Aralia. PI. \\ foot.
4 A. pube'scens (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 80.) stem
woody, unarmed, glabrous, branched ; leaves impari-pinnate,
pubescent ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, serrated, attenuated at the
base, and acuminated at the apex ; umbels numerous, disposed in
a terminal raceme ; involucra very short, of few leaves. Jp • G.
Native of New Spain. A. scabra, Presl, in herb. Haenke. Pe-
tioles not dilated into auricles at the base. Styles 5, divari-
cately recurved. Fruit globose, dark purple.
Pubescent Aralia. Clt. 1818. Shrub.
5 A. hi'spida (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 185.) stem suffru-
ticose, very hispid at the base from bristles ; leaves bipinnate ;
leaflets ovate, acute, deeply serrated, glabrous ; petioles hispid ;
umbels on long peduncles ; involucra of many short setaceous
leaves. Tp . H. Native of North America; in stony woods in
New England, &c. ; on high mountains in Pennsylvania and
Virginia; Canada, from Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan ;
Hudson’s Bay, and of Newfoundland. Vent. hort. cels. t. 41.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1085. Lodd. bot. cab. 1306. A. Muhlenber-
giana, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 704. does not differ from this species.
The shrub is called Wild-elder. Stem paniculately branched at top.
Hispid Aralia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799. Shrub 1 foot.
t Unarmed species, which are not sufficiently known.
6 A. corda ta (Thunb. jap. p. 127.) stem almost herbaceous,
angular, unarmed, a little branched ; leaves cordate-ovate, ser-
rate-toothed, scabrous on both surfaces ; pedicels of umbels
tomentose. % . H. Native of Japan. Dos Jen, Kcempf.
amoen. 5. p. 826. Styles 5, divaricate, ex Thunb.
Cordate-leaved Aralia. PI. ?
7 A. Japonica (Thunb. fl. jap. 128.)stem shrubby, unarmed;
leaves petiolate, 7-nerved, 7-lobed: lobes ovate, serrated at the
apex ; panicles terminal ; peduncles umbelliferous. Tp . H.
Native of Japan, near Nagasaki. Banks, icon. Kaempf. t. 10.
Styles 5, diverging. Berry striated. Petals ovate, acute, re-
flexed (Thunb.). Leaves coriaceous, glabrous in the adult state,
but when young woolly on both surfaces. (Blum, bijdr. p. 371.)
Petals white.
Japan Aralia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
8 A. Scheffee'ra (Spreng. pug. 1. p. 28.) stem shrubby,
smooth ; leaves on long petioles, digitate ; leaflets 5, petiolulate,
lanceolate, attenuated at the base, serrulated, glabrous on both
surfaces. Jp . G. Native of New Zealand. Scheflflera digitata,
Forst. gen. t. 23. Lam. ill. t. 221. Petals 5, nearly spatulate,
erect, not as in the genus Sciadophy'llum, cohering into a calyp-
tra at the apex. Styles 8-10, diverging, not erect, as in Hedera.
Berry 8-1 0( angled.
Scheffier s Aralia. Shrub.
9 A.? octophy'lla (Lour. coch. p. 187.) stem almost
arboreous, unarmed ; leaves petiolate, digitate : leaflets 8, ob-
long, obtuse, quite entire, glabrous ; panicle umbellate. Jp • G.
Native of Cochin-china. Flowers yellow, of 5 petals. Stigmas
5, sessile. Berry ovate, 5 -seeded. Perhaps a species of Po-
lyscias. Panicle large, ending in umbels, which are without in-
volucra.
Eighl-leajletted Aralia. Shrub 10 feet.
10 A.? palma'ta (Lam. diet. 1. p. 224. but not of Lour.)
stem shrubby, unarmed ; leaves petiolate, pinnately 9-nerved,
9-cleft : lobes lanceolate, serrated ; berry sulcately angular, 6-8-
celled. T? . S. Native of the Moluccas. — Rumplr. amb. 4. t.
43. Perhaps a species of Poly'scias or Hedera, Umbels
crowded, terminal.
Palmate- leaved Aralia. Shrub.
11 A.? mi'cans ( W ill cl . herb, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 953.)
leaves digitate ; leaflets or lobes 10, subcordate, oblong, acumi-
nated, mucronately toothed, hispid above, and silky beneath ;
heads disposed in racemes. Tp • S. Native country unknown.
Perhaps a species of Hedera.
Glittering Aralia. Tree or shrub.
§ 2. Prickly species.
12 A. spinosa (Lin. spec. p. 392.) stem arboreous, and are,
as well as the petioles, prickly ; leaves doubly and triply pin-
nate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, deeply serrated ; panicle much
branched, beset with velvety stellate down ; umbels numerous ;
involucra small, of few leaves. Tp. H. Native of North Ame-
rica, in fertile low woods; of Carolina and Virginia; likewise
in the Illinois country. Wats. dend. brit. t. 116. Comm. hort.
amst. 1. t. 47. Pink. aim. t. 20. Schmidt, arb. 102 and 103.
A tree about 8-12 feet high, with a simple stem. Petals white,
reflexed. Styles 5, divaricate, arched. Fruit 5-ribbed. Known
under the name of angelica-tree. The berries used in an in-
fusion of wine or spirits are a remarkable medicine for relieving
rheumatic pains.
Var. (5, inermis (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 209.) stem spi-
nose, glaucous ; petioles unarmed. Tp . H. Native of South
Carolina, near Charlestown.
Spiny Aralia or Angelica-tree. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1688.
Tree 8 to 12 feet.
13 A. monta'na (Blum, bijdr. p. 870.) stem arborescent, and
are, as well as the petioles and base of the leaves, prickly ; leaves
decompound ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, obliquely subcordate
at the base, doubly serrated, hairy on both surfaces ; panicle
branched; flowers umbellate. Tp . S. Native of Java, on the
mountains of Seribu, where it is called Kibohoya.
Mountain Aralia. Shrub 8 to 10 feet?
14 A. Chine'nsis (Lin. spec. 393.? Blum, bijdr. p. 870.)
stem arborescent, and is, as well as the petioles, prickly ; leaves
bipinnate, decompound : leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, un-
equally rounded at the base, sharply serrated, villous; panicle
branched; flowers glomerate. Tp . S. Native of Java, on the
mountains (Blum.), China (Lin.), Lour. coch. 187. Styles di-
verging, revolute. Petioles villous, bearing a few straight
prickles. The figure in Rumph. amb. 4. t. 44. cited by Lin-
naeus for this plant, is a species of Leea. Loureiro describes
the plant as very troublesome to travellers, with its numerous
crooked prickles, as it climbs in the hedges. According to him
the corolla is white. Styles scarcely any.
China Aralia. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
15 A. erina'cea (Hook, in Brewst. edinb. journ. sc. 1827.
p. 64.) stem very spiny ; leaves nearly palmate, very acute ;
lobes cut ; petioles and nerves of leaves spiny ; umbellules glo-
bose, disposed in racemes. Tp . H. Native of the west coast
of North America, in Queen Charlotte’s islands.
Erinaceous Aralia. Shrub.
16 A. ? pentaphy'lla (Thunb. fl. jap. 128.) stem arboreus,
prickly; leaves digitate : leaflets 5, ovate, acute, somewhat pe-
tiolate, serrated at the top ; umbels simple, pedunculate. Ip . H.
Native of Japan. Panax spinosa, Lin. fil. suppl. 441. ex Lam.
diet. 2. p. 715.
Five-leaved Aralia. Tree.
Cult. The hardy herbaceous species of Aralia grow best in
peat or vegetable mould, and are increased by dividing at the
390
ARALIACEAL X. SciODAPH YLLUM.
root, or by seed. The hardy shrubby kinds also grow best in
peat-earth, and are very ornamental and curious ; they are in-
creased by seeds brought from the places of their natural growth,
which do not vegetate until the second year ; or by slips of the
roots. The other species being either green-house or stove
plants, require to be grown in pots, in a mixture of loam, peat,
and sand ; and cuttings of them root readily under a hand-
glass.
X. SCIODAPH Y'LLUM ( tfKiotig , skioeis, shady ; from rrcia,
skia, shadow, and v\\ov, phyllon, a leaf ; the leaves are large,
and usually digitate, and afford much shade). P. Browne, jam.
p. 190. Poir. diet. 6. p. 745. Spreng. syst. 1. no. 1139. Blum,
bijdr. p. 874. D. C. prod. 4. p. 259. — Actinophyllum, R. et
Pav. fl. per. prod. — Aralia species, Blume, in litt, &c.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Pentagij nia. All as in Aralia , but
the petals cohere in the form of a calyptra at the apex, notwith-
standing it ought perhaps still to be joined with Aralia.
§ 1. Leaves simple, undivided.
1 S. hu'mile (Blum, bijdr. p. 875.) shrub parasitical, diffuse;
leaves simple, ovate-oblong, acuminated, distantly serrated, cori-
aceous, glabrous ; racemes terminal ; flowers umbellate, tetran-
drous. . S. Native of Java, in woods on Mount Salak.
Humble Sciodaphyllum. Shrub diffuse.
§ 2. Leaves simple, palmate-lohed.
2 S. palma' tum (Blum. 1. c. p. 875.) stem arboreous, prickly ;
leaves membranous, glabrous, palmately 5-9-parted : segments
lanceolate, serrated from the middle to the apex ; racemes axil-
lary ; flowers umbellate, with 8-12 stamens. ^ • S. Native of
Java, in humid parts of woods on the mountains, where it is
called tjankuran by the natives. Fruit hemispherical, 6 lines in
diameter.
Palmate- leaved Sciodaphyllum. Tree.
§ 3. Leaves trifoliate.
3 S. sca'ndens (Blum, bijdr. p. 878.) stem shrubby, scan-
dent ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets lanceolate, much acuminated,
quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous : the middle one on a long
petiole; racemes crowded, terminal, divaricate; flowers umbel-
late, pentandrous. Fj . S. Native of Java, in woods on
Mount Tjerimai.
Scandent Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl.
4 S. parasiticum (Blum, bijdr. p. 877.) stem shrubby, para-
sitical ; leaves ternate : leaflets oblong, acuminated, obtuse at
the base, remotely serrated, coriaceous, glabrous, nearly vein-
less ; racemes axillary and terminal, solitary or twin ; flowers
umbellate, hexandrous. ^ • S. Native of Java, at the foot of
Mount Salak, where it is called Ramo giling huntje.
Parasitic Sciodaphyllum. Shrub parasitical.
§ 4. Leaves digitate.
* East Indian species.
5 S. subave'ne (Blum, bijdr. p. 876.) stem frutescent ; leaves
digitate : leaflets 3-5, oblong, acuminated at both ends, coriace-
ous, nearly veinless ; racemes crowded, terminal, diverging ;
flowers umbellate, pentandrous. Tj . S. Native of Java, on
Mount Salak, in w'oods, where it is called Ramo-huntje by the
natives.
Nearly -veinless-\ea.\ed Sciodaphyllum. Shrub.
G S. tomentosum (Blum, bijdr. p. 877.) stem pubescent ;
leaves digitate; leaflets 5-7, oblong, acuminated, rounded at the
base, shining above, but clothed with stellate tomentum beneath ;
racemes panicled, axillary, and terminal ; flowers umbellate,
pentandrous. F? . S. Native of Java, in woods on Mount Bur-
angrang.
Var. ft, farinosum (Blum, bijdr. p. 875.) leaflets 7, ending in
a long taper-point each. Fj . S. Native of the west of Java, in
mountain woods, where it is called Pangany tapok. Actino-
phyllum farinosum, Blum. cat. liort. buit. p. 43.
Tomentose Sciodaphyllum. Shrub.
7 S. ellipticum (Blum, bijdr. p. 878.) stem shrubby, scan-
dent ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 5-7, rarely 3, elliptic, acutish at
both ends, 'coriaceous, glabrous ; panicle terminal, divaricate ;
flowers umbellate, pentandrous. F? . S. Native of Java, at
the foot of Mount Salak, where it is called Ramo-gunti by the
natives. Petals purplish.
Elliptical- leafletted Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl.
8 S. divarica'tcm (Blum, bijdr. p. 876.) stem arborescent,
sometimes scandent; leaves digitate: leaflets 5-9, petiolulate,
oblong, bluntish at both ends, glabrous ; racemes panicled, ter-
minal ; flowers umbellate, pentandrous. Fj . S. Native of Java,
on the mountains in humid woods, in the province of Buitinzorg,
where it is called Ramo-giling or Sanga-boanah. Actinophyl-
lum divaricatum, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 42. and in flora 1825.
p. 147.
Divaricate Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl. ?
9 S. lu'cidum (Blum, bijdr. p. 877.) stem arborescent; leaves
digitate : leaflets 11-12, oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base,
coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes crowded, terminal, divaricate,
glabrous; flowers umbellate, pentandrous. Tj • S. Native of
Java, on the top of Mount Salak.
Shining Sciodaphyllum. Tree.
* * American species.
10 S. Brownii (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 953.) stem arboreous;
leaves digitate ; leaflets 7-11, nearly umbellate, petiolulate, ob-
long-lanceolate, glabrous, unequal ; racemes compound, very
long, nutant ; flowers nearly capitate, pentandrous ; corollas
hemispherical. 12* S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains in
woods. Sciodaphy'llum, Browne, jam. 195. t. 19. f. 1. Aralia
Sciodaphy'llum, Swartz, prod. 55. Hedera Sciodaphy'llum,
Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 519. Schultes, syst. 5. p. 510. Vitis
heptaphy'lla, Lin. mant. p. 212. ex Smith, exclusive of the coun-
try. The central leaflets of the leaves are smallest. Anthers
purple.
Browne's Sciodaphyllum. Clt. 1793. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
1 1 S. conicum (Poir. diet. 6. p. 746.) stem shrubby; leaves
digitate: leaflets 7-13, petiolulate, oblong, abruptly acuminated,
coriaceous, glabrous, reticulately veined ; racemes 2-3, rather vel-
vety ; flowers capitate, with 7-8-9-10-11 stamens ; corollas coni-
cal. • S. Native of Peru, in groves. Actinophy'llum conicum,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 74. t. 309. Heads of flowers about
the size of a pea. Corollas of a whitish-red colour. Branches
violaceous.
Conical-^. owered Sciodaphyllum. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
12 S. penta'ndrum (Poir. diet. 6. p. 747.) stem shrubby,
somewhat arboreous ; leaves digitate : leaflets 7-11, petiolulate,
oblong, acuminated at the apex, coriaceous, glabrous above, but
beset with stellate pili beneath; racemes 1-3, woolly; flowers
capitate, pentandrous; corollas conical, obtuse. Tj . S. Native
of Peru. Actinophy'llum pentandrum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3.
p. 75. t. 311. Corollas ofa whitish purple colour; anthers yel-
low. Berry whitish, about the size of a cherry. Leaflets dark-
brown beneath. Racemes pale-reddish.
Pentandrous Sciodaphyllum. Clt. 1820. Tree 18 to 20 ft.
13 S. angula' tum (Poir. diet. 6. p. 745. exclusive of Browne’s
synonyme,) stem arboreous ; leaves digitate: leaflets 7-11, pe-
tiolulate, oblong, acuminated, concave at the base, shining above,
ARALIACEiE. X. Sciodaphyllum. XI. Hedera.
391
but clothed with powdery velvety rusty down beneath ; racemes
elongated, granular ; flowers capitate, with 7-9 stamens; corollas
obovate, angular, and truncate. J? . G. Native of Peru and
New Granada, on shady hills. Actinophy'llum angulatum, Ruiz
et Pav. fl. 5. p. 73. t. 307. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
p. 9. Heads of flowers about the size of a walnut, yellowish.
Berry dark purple, cuneiform, angular. Styles 4-6.
Angular Sciodaphyllum. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
14 S. pedicella'tum (Poir. diet. 6. p. 746.) stem scandent ;
leaves digitate: leaflets 9-13, petiolulate, oblong, acuminated,
somewhat sinuately undulated, and concave at the base, gla-
brous ; racemes many ; flowers pedicellate, umbellate on the
branches; corollas hemispherical. fj . v_/. G. Native of Peru,
in groves at Munna. Actinophy'llum pedicellatum, Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 3. p. 73. t. 308. Stem rooting, filled with medullae ;
branches purplish. Racemes purplish, a foot long. Stamens
6-7. Berries angularly globose, greenish purple.
Pedicellate- flowered Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl.
15 S. acumina'tum (Poir. diet. 6. p. 746.) stems scandent;
leaves digitate: leaflets 7-11, petiolulate, oblong, obliquely acu-
minated, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulately veined ; racemes 2-5,
tomentose ; flowers pentandrous and octandrous, capitate ; co-
rollas hemispherical, apiculated. 1? . G. Native of Peru, in
groves. Actinophy'llum acuminatum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3.
p. 74. t. 310. Corollas yellow, disposed in heads, which are a
little larger than a pea. Styles 5.
Acuminated- leaved Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl.
16 S. anomalum (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 112.) arbo-
reus ; leaves digitate : leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated
at the apex, green and smooth on both surfaces : outer ones the
smallest; umbels capitate, panicled; branches green and smooth.
1? . S. Native of Trinidad, in woods. Caroltnea insignis/
Hortul. Flowers whitish yellow. Largest leaflets 1 foot long.
Anomalous Sciodaphyllum. Clt. 1817. Tree 20 feet.
17 S. Quindue'nse (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) stem shrubby,
scandent ; leaves digitate : leaflets 7, oblong, acuminated, quite
entire, glabrous; umbels 4-flowered, racemose; flowers with
8-10 stamens. Tj . v_y. G. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu,
at the height of 3300 feet above the level of the sea. Aralia
Quinduensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 8. t. 417. f.
1. Styles 3-10, spreading. Petals cohering at the apex. Fruit
8-10-ribbed. Perhaps a species of Aralia.
Quindiu Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl.
Cult. All the species are worth cultivating in gardens for the
sake of their fine handsome large foliage. A mixture of loam,
peat, and sand is a good soil for them ; and they are easily in-
creased by cuttings under a hand-glass in sand, placed in a mo-
derate heat.
XI. HE DERA (a name for wdiich many etymologies have
been offered. Tbe best explanation is, that it has been derived
from hedra , cord in Ceitic, lierre in French. The English name
of ivy is derived from the Celtic word iw, green, from its being
always green. The word in is given to Taxus by the French,
hence also the English name of the genus Yew). Swartz, fl. ind.
occ. p. 518. D. Don, prod. nep. p. 186. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 26.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 261. — Aralia sect. Gymnapteina, Blum,
bijdr. p. 871. — Hedera and Aralia species Lin. and all other
authors.
Lin. syst. Pent-Decandria, Pent-Decagy'nia. Margin of
calyx elevated or toothed. Petals 5-10, not cohering at the
apex in the form of a calyptra. Stamens 5-10. Styles 5-10,
conniving, or joined in one. Berry 5-10-celled. — Climbing or
erect shrubs. Leaves simple or compound. Flowers umbellate
or capitate.
§ 1. Leaves simple, undivided, or lobed.
1 H. He'l ix (Lin. spec. 292.) stems climbing, throwing out
roots from the side by which it is placed to any substance;
leaves coriaceous, glabrous, shining, with 5 angular lobes ;
those on the old upright branches, which form the tops of the
plants, ovate, acute, quite entire ; umbels simple, pubescent.
1? . ^ . H. Native of Europe. Common ivy is a valuable
ornamental evergreen climbing shrub. It is useful for covering
w'alls and sides of houses, or training into fanciful shapes, as of
human figures, &c. on skeletons of wTire-work, or trained up to
a stake, so as to form a standard ; but when ivy has reached to
the top of any support, the branches shorten, and become
woody, forming themselves into large bushy heads, and the
leaves become entire and more of an oval shape, and not
divided into lobes like the lower ones, and in this state they
produce flowers at the end of every shoot. The berries are
black at maturity. The flowers are yellowish, and appear
late in the season, and in consequence is much resorted to
by bees and flies, when little other food is to be had. The
berries increase during the winter, are full formed in February,
and ripen in April ; furnishing food for wild pigeons, blackbirds,
thrushes, &c. in the spring. Blackbirds, and several other birds,
build their nests in the stumps of ivy tufts. Sheep are fond of
the leaves, especially during severe weather. The ancients held
ivy in great esteem, and Bacchus is represented crowned with it
to prevent intoxication ; and Homer describes his heroes as
drinking out of a cup made of the wood. Haller says, that the
leaves are given in Germany as a specific in atropus in children.
Common people apply them to issues and corns. The berries
are aperient and emetic. The wood is soft and porous, so as to
transmit liquids if turned of a sufficient degree of thinness. The
roots are used by leather-cutters to whet their knives upon.
The whole plant is rather aromatic ; and a very fragrant resin
exudes from the old stems when bruised. The specific name
Helix is derived from eileo, to encompass or turn round ;
in reference to the twining stems.
Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) pedicels clothed with
stellate down ; floral leaves ovate ; fruit black ; leaves of the
rooting branches 5-lobed, with wffiite veins. • w H. Native of
Europe, in woods, hedges, and on old buildings. Hedera Helix,
Lin. spec. 292. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1267. Curt. lond. fasc. 1.
t. 16. Fl. dan. t. 1027. Bull. fr. t. 133. Drev. and Hayne,
pi. europ. t. 66. There is a variegated-leaved variety of this in
the gardens.
Var. ft, Cananensis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) pedicels beset
with lepidotted pubescence ; floral leaves subcordate : those of
the creeping branches 5-lobed, larger than those of the common
ivy ; fruit red. 1? . H. Native of the Canary Islands.
Hedera Canariensis, Willd. in berl. mag. 2. p. 170. t. 5. f. 1.
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 508. In the gardens this is called Irish
Ivy.
Var. y, chrysocarpa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261 .) pedicels lepi-
dotted ; floral leaves elliptic, usually cuneated at the base ; fruit
yellow. H. Native of the north of India. H. Helix,
Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 515. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 187.
It differs from var. a, vulgaris in the stature being more gigan-
tic, in the leaves being much more cuneated at the base, in the
pedicels being lepidotted, in the berries being yellow and usually
5-seeded. H. Poetica, C. Bauli. pin. p. 305. H. chrysocarpos,
Dalech. lugd. H. Dionysias, J. Bauli. hist, with a figure.
Helix or Common Ivy. Fl. Oct. Britain. Shrub cl.
2 H. corymbosa (Choisy, mss. in herb. D. C. ex prod.
4. p. 262.) stem arboreous, bushy ; leaves cordate, acute,
bluntly 5-angled, when young velvety on the nerves beneath,
but in the adult state glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers corym-
392
ARALIACE7E.
XI. H EDERA.
bose. J? . H. Native of the Canary Islands, where it has
been probably introduced, and is called Pepita de St. Augustin.
This is probably nothing but the Irish ivy of the gardens.
Corymbose-flowered Ivy. Shrub cl.
3 H. polyaca'ntha (Wall. cat. no. 4907.) stem beset with
short, conical prickles ; leaves glabrous, 5-lobed, cordate at the
base : lobes serrated ; panicle large, pubescent ; umbellules
many-flowered, furnished with woolly scales at the base of the
pedicels; flower buds white from pubescence. . H. Native
of Nipaul.
Many-spined Ivy. Tree.
4 H. arborea (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 518.) stem arboreous,
unarmed ; leaves oval, acuminated ; racemes terminal ; umbels
pedunculate ; pedicels longer than the flowers. . S. Native
of Jamaica and Porto Rico. Aralia arborea, Lin. amoen. acad.
5. p. 369. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 51. Leaves feather-nerved
at the base, not 3-nerved, as in H. capitata. Flowers almost
umbellate ; umbellules girded by short scarious involucels.
Berry hexagonal.
Tree Ivy. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
5 H. pe'ndula (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 512. icon. t. 9.)
stem arboreous, unarmed ; leaves ovate, lanceolate, entire ; um-
bels almost capitate ; peduncles very long, drooping. . S.
Native of Jamaica, on the higher mountains. Willd. spec.
1179. Schultes, syst. 5. p. 509. Petals oblong, spreading.
Style short. Berry 5-seeded.
PewcMcms-umbelled Ivy. Clt. 1824. Tree 12 to 15 feet.
6 H. umbelli'fera (D. C. prod. 4. p. 262.) stem frutescent,
unarmed ; leaves on long petioles, lanceolate, acuminated, rarely
serrated; peduncles umbellate, trifid; umbellules capitate,
nearly globose, . S. Native of Amboyna, on the mountains.
Pseitdo-santalum Amboinense, Rumpli. amb. 2. p. 54. t. 12.
Aralia umbellifera, Lam. diet. 1. p. 225. Schultes, syst. 6. p.
697. There is a yellow gum issues from this tree, which be-
comes blackish on drying, and is sweet scented, which is called
Saruru in Amboyna. Flowers whitish.
Umbelliferous Ivy. Tree.
7 H. cunea'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 262.) stem arboreous, un-
armed ; leaves petiolate, broadly oblong, acute, quite entire,
cuneated at the base, membranous, glabrous, with pinnate nerves :
the 2 lower nerves parallel with the margins, rising from an acute
angle ; umbels terminal, of many rays ; heads half globose.
1? . S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Schott.
Aralia umbellata, Pohl. in litt. but not of Lam.
Cuneate-lenved Ivy. Tree small.
8 H. nu'tans (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 514.) stem arbo-
reous, unarmed; leaves elliptic, acutish, coriaceous, entire;
umbels nodding, hemispherical; peduncles erectish. 1? . S.
Native of the south of Jamaica, on the tops of the Blue Moun-
tains. Very like H. pendula, but the peduncles are shorter, the
petioles terete, and the petals reflexed. Style short, 5-angled.
Droopmg-umbelled Ivy. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
9 H. ramiflora (D. C. prod, 4. p. 262.) stem arboreous,
unarmed ; leaves petiolate, acute, quite entire, membranous,
glabrous, hardly cuneated at the base, with pinnate nerves : the
2 lower nerves parallel to the margin, and rising from an acute
angle ; racemes few, rising from the old branches ; umbels semi-
globose. T? . S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by
Schott. Aralia ramiflora, Pohl. in litt. Flowers 15-16 in each
umbel, pedicellate.
Branch-flowered Ivy. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
10 H. capita' ta (Smith, icon. pict. rar. 1. t. 4.) stem arbo-
reous, unarmed ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, entire, with pin-
nate nerves : the 2 lower nerves rising from an acute angle ;
raceme terminal, compound ; umbels capitate, on long peduncles ;
flowers sessile. 17 . S. Native of Jamaica, Guadaloupe, and
the province of Caraccas, in subalpine places. Swarts, fl. ind.
occ. p. 546. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 2. Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 510. Aralia capitata, Jacq. amer. 89. t. 61. Petioles
long, terete. Leaves cuneated at the base, 3-nerved. (Horn,
add. 125.) Flowers as if they were in a calyculate receptacle.
Petals oblong, acute, white. Berry globose, 5-celled. Styles
3-5, contiguous, joined at the base, at length reflexed.
Capitate-flowered Ivy. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1823. Tree 50
to 60 feet.
11 H. multiflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 262.) stem arboreous,
unarmed ; leaves on long petioles, oblong-elliptic, acuminated,
somewhat cuneated at the base, quite entire, membranous, gla-
brous, with pinnate nerves : the 2 lower nerves remote from the
rest, parallel with the margin, and rising from an acute angle ;
racemes panicled, diverging : heads globose. 1 7 . S. Native of
Brazil, where it was collected by Schott. Aralia multiflora, Pohl,
in litt.
Many-flowered Ivy. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
12 H. Mutisia'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 262.) stem arboreous?
unarmed ; leaves oblong, somewhat serrulated at the apex,
acute, rounded at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, shining; ra-
cemes solitary ; flowers capitate. f? . S. Native of New Gra-
nada, at the altitude of from 3000 to 4000 feet. Aralia Mu-
tisiana, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen- amer. 5. p. 1. Aralia
heterophylla, Mut. but not of Willd. Styles 5, short, conniving.
Mulis’ s Ivy. Tree or shrub.
13 H. ova'ta (Wall. cat. no. 4911.) stem unarmed; leaves
ovate, elliptic, quite entire, coriaceous, ending in a short blunt
point, rusty beneath ; peduncles axillary, solitary, and terminal,
umbellate ; umbellules many-flowered. I7 . S. Native of
Madras.
Oeufc-leaved Ivy. Shrub.
14 H. acutifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 263.) stem arboreous ;
leaves roundish- ovate, acuminated ; umbels corymbose. ^2 . S.
Native of South America. Humb. and Bonpl. Aralia acuti-
folia, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 697.
Acute-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
15 H. avicennia:f6l)a (D, C. prod. 4. p. 263.) arboreous,
unarmed ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at the apex, and
acutish at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous above, but
clothed with white tomentum beneath; corymbs branched;
flowers capitate. 1? . S. Native of South America, in the pro-
vince of Quito, between Tambo de Burgay and Delay, at the
altitude of 4000 to 5000 feet. Aralia avicenniaefolia, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 2. t. 2. Aralia tarchonanthifolia,
Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 698. Styles 4-5, short, connivent.
Avicennia-leaved Ivy. Tree.
16 H. Cumane'nsis (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous, unarmed ;
leaves ovate, acuminated, cuneated at the base, quite entire,
somewhat 3-nerved, membranous, glabrous, shining. ^ • S.
Native of Cumana, in shady places at Mount Cocollar, at the
elevation of 1200 feet. Aralia Cumanensis, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 3. Flowers and fruit unknown.
Cumana Ivy. Tree.
17 H. catalpjefolia (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous; leaves
ovate, subcordate, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous ; racemes
short, bracteate at the base ; heads of flowers globose. 1 ? . S.
Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. Aralia catalpae-
folia, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 697.
Catalpa-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
18 H. septemne'rvia (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous? un-
armed ; leaves ovate, acuminated, rounded at the base, 7-nerved,
rather coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes panicled ; heads globose.
12 . S. Native of New Granada, at the altitude of 4000 feet.
Aralia septemnervia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 3.
Said to be hardly distinct from H. capitata. Style 1.
ARALIACEiE. XI. Hedera.
393
Seven-nerved- leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
19 H. Turbace'nsis (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves on
long petioles, acute at the base, membranous, glabrous, of one
colour ; some of them are undivided, and others are trifid at
the apex : with the lobes or segments entire and acuminated :
having the recesses between the lobes rounded. i? • S. Native
of New Granada, in hot places near Turbaco, where it is called
Arbol de Guaco. Aralia Turbacensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 5. p. 3. Flower and fruit unknown.
Turbaco Ivy. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
20 H. di'scolor (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous? leaves petio-
late, rather coriaceous, glabrous, rounded at the base, shining
above, and of a rusty-purplish colour beneath : some of them
undivided and 1-nerved, and others are 3-nerved and trifid at
the apex : having the lobes somewhat acuminated, the interme-
diate one the longest ; racemes panicled ; heads globose. f? .
S. Native of New Granada? Aralia discolor, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 4. Flowers and fruit not sufficiently known.
Discoloured-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
21 H. argenta'ta (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous, unarmed ;
leaves petiolate, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above : but
marked by silvery dots beneath ; some of which are undivided and
1-nerved, and others are 3-nerved and trifid at the apex : having
the lobes or segments somewhat acuminated : the intermediate
lobe remotely serrated ; racemes panicled ; heads of flowers glo-
bose. . S. Native of New Granada, in cold parts. Aralia
heterophylla, Willd. in Schultes, syst. G. p. 698. Aralia ar-
gent&ta, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 4. t. 414. Styles
3, conniving. Petals white.
jS’i'/eery-dotted Ivy. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
22 H. crassine'rvia (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous? leaves
petiolate, acute at the base, coriaceous, glabrous above and
shining, densely beset with rusty dots beneath : some entire,
ovate-oblong, and others 3-lobed and somewhat acuminated ;
racemes panicled ; heads globose. . G. Native of South
America, along with H. argentata. Aralia crassinervia, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 5. Styles 5-6, conniving.
Thick-nerved- leaved Ivy. Tree.
23 H. obtusi'loba (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ? leaves pe-
tiolate, truncately rounded at the base, 5-nerved, coriaceous,
glabrous and shining above, but beset with fuscescent dots be-
neath, 5-cleft : segments obtuse, ovate-oblong ; racemes pani-
cled ; heads of flowers elliptic-globose. . S. Native in tem-
perate places towards Loxa, at the altitude of 3300 feet. Aralia
obtusiloba, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 5. Willd. in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 699. Petals white, glabrous. Styles 4,
conniving.
Blunt-lobed- leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
24 H. angula'ris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 263.) stem arboreous ;
leaves 5-angled, obtuse, tomentose beneath ; flowers capitate.
Ij . S. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl. Aralia
angularis, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 698.
Angular- leaved Ivy. Tree.
25 A. platanifolia (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves
petiolate, coriaceous, glabrous above and shining, but clothed
with rusty tomentum beneath, truncate at the base, 7-nerved,
7-cleft at the apex : lobes or segments oblong, acuminated, quite
entire ; racemes panicled ; heads of flowers globose. 1? . G.
Native of Peru, on the western declivity of the Andes. Aralia
platanifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 6. t. 415.
Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 699. Tree 15-20 feet. Styles
4-5. Petals white, tomentose on the outside.
Rlatanus-leaved Ivy. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
26 H. acerifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 264.) stem arboreous ;
leaves 5-lobed, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous, shining lepi-
dotted and of a different colour beneath. T? . S. Native of
VOL. III.
South America, Humb. and Bonpl, Aralia acerifolia, Willd. in
Schultes, syst. 6. p. 699. The rest unknown. This is the
same as H. argentata , according to Sprengel.
Maple-leaved Ivy. Tree.
27 H. jatropHjEfolia (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous; leaves
petiolate, coriaceous, glabrous above, but clothed with fuscescent
tomentum beneath, cordate at the base, 7-nerved, deeply 7-
cleft : segments or lobes lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, narrowed
at the base and quite entire. 1? . S. Native of New Granada.
Aralia jatrophaefolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 6.
Leaves almost like those of Manihot. This species approaches
very near H. platanifolia.
Jatropha-leaved Ivy. Tree.
28 II. reticula'ta (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous; leaves pal-
mately 7-lobed, hoary beneath, and reticulately wrinkled : lobes
oblong, acuminated, quite entire. . S. Native of South
America, Humb. et Bonpl. Aralia reticulata, Willd. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 699.
Reticulated-leaved Ivy. Tree.
29 H. cheirophy'lla (D. C. 1. c.) stem unknown ; leaves
palmately 5-cleft, cream-coloured beneath : lobes or segments
acuminated, toothed ; heads of flowers disposed in racemes,
clothed with villous tomentum. Tj . S. Native of South Ame-
rica. Aralia palmata, Willd. herb. Aralia cheirophylla, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 953.
Hand-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
80 H. floribu'nda (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves pe-
tiolate, glabrous above, but clothed with canescent tomentum
beneath, 7-9-parted: segments or lobes acuminate, remotely
and sharply toothed ; racemes panicled ; heads elliptically glo-
bose. T? . S. Native of New Granada, in temperate parts, at
the altitude of 3600 feet. Aralia floribunda, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 6. t. 416. Aralia Humboldtiana, and A.
incisa, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 699. ex Kunth. Styles
short, connivent, somewhat diverging after flowering. Leaves
so deeply parted as nearly to be compound.
Bundle-flowered Ivy. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
31 H. sca'ndens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 264.) stem shrubby,
prickly ; leaves 5-lobed, on long petioles ; umbels simple, la-
teral. tj . G. Native of China, Aralia palmata, Lour. coch.
p. 187. but not of Lam. Aralia scandens, Poir. suppl. 1. p.
419. Prickles on the stem bent backwards. Flowers white.
The bark is used in dropsy and cutaneous disorders.
Climbing Ivy. Shrub cl.
§2 Leaves compound; leaflets divided to the lop of the pe-
tiole, digitately or palmately disposed.
32 H. ferrugi'nea (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves on
long petioles, digitate ; leaflets 7, petiolate, oblong, acuminately
cuspidate, rounded at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous
above, but clothed with fine tomentum beneath : when young
clothed with rusty wool ; racemes panicled ; heads somewhat
elliptically globose. 1? . S. Native of South America, in the
province of Quito, between Paramo de Saraguru and Ona, at
the altitude of 3600 feet. Aralia ferruginea, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 7. Willd in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 701.
Rusty-leaved Ivy. Clt. 1826. Tree.
33 II. Xalape'nsis (D. C. 1. c ) stem arboreous ; leaves on*
long petioles, digitate ; leaflets 5-7, glabrous, shining above,
but dotted beneath, lanceolate-oblong, acute, narrowed at the
base, and quite entire, rather coriaceous; racemes panicled;
heads of flowers nearly globose. Jj . G. Native of Mexico,
on the mountains near Xalapa, at the altitude of 2000 feet.
Aralia Xalapensis, FI. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 8.
Aralia digitata, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 701. ex Kunth.
Petals glabrous. Styles joined in one.
3 E
394
ARALIACE7E. XI. Hedera.
Xalapa Ivy. Tree.
34 H. Echi'nops (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p.
174. under Aralia) leaves membranous, smoothish above, except
on the middle nerve, but clothed with lax stellate tomentum
beneath ; floral leaves entire and lobed : lower leaves com-
pound, of 5 nearly cuneate-obovate, acuminated leaflets ; heads
of flowers globose. Pj . G. Native of Mexico, in woods near
Hacienda de la Laguna. Middle leaflet a foot long and 5
inches broad.
Globe-thistle-like Ivy. Shrub.
35 H. ela'ta (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 187.)
stem arboreous, unarmed ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 7, radiant,
petiolate, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, quite entire,
glabrous, glaucous beneath, rounded at the base ; umbels gla-
brous, racemosely panicled. Pj . G. Native of Nipaul, at Na-
rain-hetty, where it is called Cailushi by the natives.
Tall Ivy. Tree.
36 H. unduea'tum (Wall. cat. no. 4916.) stem shrubby;
leaves on long petioles, digitate ; leaflets 3-5, petiolulate, smooth,
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, undulated ; panicle diffuse ; um-
bellules few-flowered : lateral ones opposite : terminal ones um-
bellate. Pj . G. Native of Silhet. Fruit oblong. Style 1,
crowned by a capitate stigma.
Undulate- leaved Ivy. Shrub or tree.
37 H. .esculieolia (Wall. cat. no. 4913.) stem shrubby;
leaves digitate ; leaflets 7, obovate-oblong, acuminated, clothed
with rusty pubescence beneath : outer ones the smallest, all
serrated; racemes lateral ; umbellules pedunculate, many-flow-
ered. Pj.H. Native of Nipaul.
Horse-chestnut-leaved Ivy. Shrub or tree.
38 H. tomentosa (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 187.)
stem arboreous, unarmed ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 7-9, petiolu-
late, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, coriaceous, quite entire, acute
at the base, densely clothed with tomentum beneath, as well as
the peduncles, petioles, and younger stems ; umbellules rising in
clusters, pedunculate. Pj . F. Native of Nipaul.
Tomentose Ivy. Tree.
39 H. subcorda'ta (Wall. cat. no. 4917.) stem shrubby;
leaves on long petioles, trifoliate ; leaflets petiolate, membra-
nous, ovate, somewhat cordate at the base and acuminated at the
apex ; panicles numerous ; flowers disposed in long slender
racemes. Pj • G. Native of Silhet. Flowers small, spreading.
Subcordate- leafletted Ivy. Shrub or tree.
40 H. floribi/nda (Wall. cat. no. 4912.) stem beset with
short, conical prickles ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 7, on long pe-
tiolules, elliptic, acuminated, clothed with rusty tomentum be-
neath while young ; racemes long ; umbellules on long peduncles,
rusty as well as the raehis. T? . G. Native of Silhet.
Bundle-Jlowered Ivy. Shrub or tree.
41 H. aculea'ta (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 187.)
stem arboreous, prickly; leaves digitate; leaflets 7, radiant,
elliptic-oblong, acuminated, serrated, puberulous beneath, acute
at the base ; umbellules tomentose, racemose. Pj . G. Native
of Nipaul, at Narain-Hetty. Tree tall and thick. Flowers white.
Prickly Ivy. Clt. 1820. Tree.
42 FI. terebintha'cea (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 42.) stem arbo-
reous ; leaves petiolate, digitate ; leaflets 5-7, radiant, petiolate,
elliptic, quite entire ; panicle diffuse, terminal ; umbellules dis-
posed in racemes. T? . S. Native of Ceylon, Penang, Silhet,
and Nipaul, in groves and woods. Aralia digitata, Roxb. Pe-
tals 6. Style 1. Fruit angular. Allied to Unjdla of Rheed.
hort. mal. 7. t. 28.
Turpentine Ivy. Tree.
43 H. rugosa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 265.) stem shrubby, para-
sitical; leaves digitate ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, or oval-oblong, acu-
minated, obliquely attenuated at the base, quite entire, rugged,
clothed with brown stellate tomentum beneath ; panicle terminal,
very long ; flowers racemose. Ij . S. Native of Java, in woods
on Mount Gede. Aralia rugosa, Blum, bijdr. 871.
Wrinkled- leaved Ivy. Shrub.
44 H. simi'llima (D. C. 1. c.) stem shrubby ; leaves digitate ;
leaflets 5-6, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base,
remotely serrulated, reticulate, wrinkled and rather downy from
stellate pili beneath ; panicle terminal, divaricate ; flowers race-
mose. f? . S. Native of Java, in woods on the mountains.
Allied to H, rugosa. Aralia simillima, Blum, bijdr. p. 171.
Very similar Ivy. Shrub.
45 H. aroma'tica (D. C. 1. c.) stem shrubby ; leaves digi-
tate ; leaflets 5 7, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, for the most part
obliquely rounded at the base, glabrous ; panicles corymbose,
lateral ; flowers umbellate. Pj . S. Native of Java, on Mounts
Salak and Gede, &c. where it is called Pangang-pugu. Aralia
aromatica, Blum. 1. c. p. 871.
Far. (1 ; leafless, longer, serrated. P2 • S. Native of Java,
on Mount Salak, where it is called Kircngdong. Blum. 1. c.
Aromatic Ivy. Shrub.
46 H. lute'scens (D. C. 1. c.) stem shrubby ; leaves digitate ;
leaflets 7-9, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminated, nearly veinless,
shining above ; racemes crowded, terminal ; flowers umbellate.
P? . S. Native of Java, in woods in the province of Bantam.
Aralia lutescens, Blum, bijdr. p. 872.
Yellowish Ivy. Shrub.
47 H. dispe'rma (D. C. prod. 4. p. 256.) stems shrubby,
climbing ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 5-7, oblong, acuminated,
rounded at the base, sharply serrated, glabrous ; raceme ter-
minal, scurfy ; flowers umbellate ; fruit 2-seeded. P? . S. Na-
tive of Java, in the higher woods, on the mountains of Baran-
grang and Tjerimai. Aralia disperma, Blum. 1. c. p. 872.
Perhaps a species of Pdnax.
Two-seeded Ivy. Shrub cl.
48 H. glomerula'ta (D. C. 1. c.) stem arboreous, spinescent;
leaves digitate ; leaflets 5-7, rarely 3, oblong, acuminated, acut-
ish at the base, serrulated towards the apex, smoothish ; panicle
terminal, very long ; flowers glomerate ; ovaries 2-seeded. Pj .
S. Native of Java, on Mount Gede, where it is called Pan-
gang. Aralia glomerulata, Blum, bijdr. p. 872. Perhaps a
species of Pdnax.
(j/owierate- flowered Ivy. Tree.
49 H. heterophy'lla (Wall. cat. no. 4919.) stem shrubby;
leaves digitately compound, with the divisions quinate or ter-
nate ; leaflets oval-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; umbellules
disposed in racemes, many-flowered, with a woolly bractea at
the base of each peduncle ; raehis woolly. P? . S. Native of
Penang. Fruit angular.
Variable-leaved Ivy. Tree or shrub.
§ 3. Leaves compound , pinnate.
50 H. parasi'tica (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 188.) stems
rooting, parasitical ; leaves pinnate : with 5, elliptic, acute, quite
entire, nearly sessile, coriaceous, glabrous leaflets, which are
glaucous beneath ; umbels glabrous, racemose. Pj . G. Native
of Nipaul, at Narain-Hetty. Aralia parasitica, Hamilt. mss.
Parasitical Ivy . Shrub climbing and rooting.
51 H. glau'ca (Wall. cat. no. 4921.) stem shrubby, much
branched ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, elliptic-lanceolate, acu-
minated, glaucous beneath, glabrous ; umbellules terminal, soli-
tary or twin, many-flowered. P? . G. Native of Nipaul, at
Kamaon. Style simple.
Glaucous- leaved Ivy. Shrub.
52 H. Jackia'na ; leaves pinnate : with many pairs of oppo-
site, oblong-lanceolate, petiolulate, quite entire, smooth leaflets,
which are oblique at the base; raehis jointed; umbels com-
1
ARALIACEiE. XI. Hedera. XII. Paratropia. XIII. Arthrophyllum. HAMAMELIDE7E.
395
pound ; umbellules few-flowered ; fruit oblong. I? . S. Na-
tive of Singapore. Panax Heyneana, Wall. cat. no. 4901.
Mormoraphis Sumatrana, Jack, mss.
Jack’s Ivy. Tree.
Cult. All tbe species of Ivy are of easy culture. The com-
mon ivy and its varieties only require to have slips of them
planted where they are intended to remain ; or to be grown in
pots until they are the size required, and then finally planted
out : the other hardy species should be treated in a similar man-
ner. The greenhouse and stove kinds will grow in almost any
kind of soil, but the lighter the better ; and cuttings of them
are easily rooted under a hand-glass.
XII. PARATRO'PIA ( TraparpoTrr ;, paratrope, a bending or
crooking ; the petioles are kneed and bent). D. C. prod. 4. p.
265. — Ar&lia, sect. 3. Paratropia, Blum, bijdr. p. 875.
Lin. syst. Pentandria , Monogynia. All as in Aralia or
Hedera, but differs in the stigmas being sessile, at first approxi-
mate, and immersed in an epigynous disk. — Shrubs or trees.
Leaves compound. Flowers panicled or racemose.
1 P. nodosa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 265.) stem arboreous ; leaves
impari-pinnate : with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets on short
petioles, crenated, glabrous : lower ones roundish-ovate, the rest
oblong; panicle terminal, very long. 1? . S. Native of Java,
in woods on the mountains in the western provinces, where it
is called Kilangit. Aralia nodosa, Blum. 1. c. Common pe-
tioles 5-6 feet long, bent, articulated when dried. Panicle 4-5
feet long. Flowers pentandrous.
iVorfose-petioled Paratropia. Tree.
2 P. pergama'cea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 266.) stem shrubby,
parasitical; leaves digitate : leaflets 6-12, oval, acute, rounded
at the base, in substance like parchment, glabrous ; racemes
crowded, terminal, scurfy ; flowers subfasciculate. T? . S. Na-
tive of Java, on the higher declivities of Mount Gede. Aralia
pergamacea, Blum, bijdr. 875.
Parchment-\eaved Paratropia. Shrub.
3 P. rigida (D. C. 1. c.) stem arborescent ; leaves digitate :
leaflets 6-12, oblong, acute, bluntish at the base, and acutish at
the apex, in substance like parchment, glabrous ; racemes
crowded, terminal, divaricate, rather scurfy ; flowers umbellate,
octandrous. ^ • S. Native of the western parts of Java, in
woods on the mountains, where it is called Songo-Poana. Ara-
lia rigida, Blum. 1. c.
Var. /3 ; racemes incurved, densely clothed with scurf. Tj .
S. Native of Java, in the province of Bantam, where it is called
Tulak-Tangol. Blum. 1. c.
Stiff Paratropia. Tree.
4 P. longifolia (D. C. 1. c.) stem arborescent, scandent ;
leaves digitate: leaflets 9-11, rather large, oblong, acute,
rounded at the base, glabrous ; racemes crowded, densely clothed
with tomentum, terminal, straight; flowers umbellate, with 7-9
stamens. . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, wdiere it
is called, along with many other Araliaceous plants, Ramo-gil-
ing. Sciodaphyllum longifolium, Blum, bijdr. p. 876.
Long-leaved Paratropia. Shrub cl.
5 P. Cantone'nsis (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
189.) stem arboreous ; leaves on long petioles, digitate : leaflets
5-9, elliptic, acutish at the base, acuminated at the apex, rather
coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes terminal, furfuraceous ; flowers
in fascicles, decandrous ; stigma sessile, 10-cleft. Tj . G. Na-
tive of China, about Canton. Aralia octophylla var. Cantonensis,
Lour. coch. p. 187. This species comes very near P. pergamacea.
Canton Paratropia. Tree 10 feet.
Cult. Any light soil will suit the species of Paratropia ;
and cuttings of them will be easily rooted under a hand-glass in
heat.
XIII. ARTHROPH Y'LLUM (from apdpov, .arthron, a joint,
and (J>v\\oy , phyllon, a leaf ; in reference to the jointed petioles).
Blum, bijdr. p. 878. D. C. prod. 4. p. 266.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Margin of calyx short,
obsoletely 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 5, alternating with
the petals. Ovarium 1 -ovulate. Style short, or nearly want-
ing : stigma obtuse. Fruit baccate, crowned, containing a one-
seeded nucleus. Albumen somewhat corneous. Embryo in-
verted.— Unarmed Java shrubs. Leaves glabrous, variable,
usually bipinnate. Umbels petiolar, compound. Perhaps refer-
rible to the nionospermous Araliaceous unarmed genus, incom-
pletely described in Pet. Th. gen. nov. mad. p. 13. under no. 42.
1 A. Java'nicum (Blum. 1. c.) leaves bipinnate: leaflets
cuneate-obovate, bluntish at the apex, or the upper leaflets are
rounded and coriaceous. • S. Native of Java, in mountain
w'oods at Parang.
Java Arthrophyllum. Shrub or tree.
2 A. diversifolium (Blum. 1. c.) leaves impari-pinnate, ter-
nate or bipinnate ; leaflets oblong, somewhat acuminated, oblique
at the base, membranous. I? . S. Native of Java, in woods,
on Mount Salak.
Diverse-leaved Arthrophyllum. Tree.
3 A. ellipticum (Blum. 1. c.) leaves bipinnate : leaflets ellip-
tic-oblong, acute, oblique at the base, coriaceous. \ . S. Native
of Java, in mountain woods.
Elliptic- leafletted Arthrophyllum. Shrub or tree.
Cult. See Paratropia above for culture and propagation.
Order CXXV. H AMAMELl'DETE (plants agreeing with
Hamarnelis in important characters). R. Br. descr. pi. chin.
1818. p. 3. Adr. Juss. diet, class 8. p. 28. Sweet, hort. brit.
371. D. C. prod. 4. p. 267. — Pet. Th. veg. afr. austr. ed. 2. p. 31 .
Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium more or less, 4-lobed
(f. 69. a. g.) or repandly toothed. Petals 4 (f. 69. e. i.), linear,
elongated, inserted in the calyx, alternating with the calycine
lobes, involutely valvate in aestivation : rarely wanting, but
probably sometimes changed into stamina. Stamens inserted
with the petals, and double their number (f. 69. b.) ; those al-
ternating with the petals are fertile, and those opposite the petals
are sterile and destitute of anthers (f. 69. g.) ; filaments all short.
Fertile anthers inserted by the base, 2-celled, dehiscing in va-
rious ways. Ovarium adnate at the base, 2-celled: cells 1-
seeded ; ovula pendulous. Styles 2 (f. 69. /.), very rarely 3.
Capsule adnate at the base to the permanent tube of the calyx,
2-celled, 2-valved ; valves bifid at the apex. Seed pendulous,
with a superior hylum. Albumen corneous. Embryo straight,
slender, with a superior radicle ; and foliaceous flat cotyledons, or
having their margins rather involute. — Shrubs. Leaves alternate,
bistipulate, petiolate, feather-nerved, entire or sinuately toothed.
Flowers axillary, nearly sessile, in fascicles, usually bracteate,
sometimes dioecious or polygamous.
Many of the genera of this order were formerly placed among
the Berberidece and Amementacece, but were constituted a dis-
tinct order by R. Brown in 1818 ; but the place which it should
hold in the natural system is still doubtful. According to R.
Brown, it is intermediate between Bruniacece and Mdrlea*, (a
genus which should have been placed in Alungiece, vol. ii. p. 806.
But according to Pet. Thouars, it comes nearest to Rhdmnece,
and according to Juss. to Haloragiece. But afterwards it was
3 e 2
396
HAMAMELIDEiE. I. Hamamelis.
placed by R. Brown and Pet. Thouars near Aralidcece and
Cornece. The order differs from Alangiece in the fruit being
capsular, not baccate ; and from Bruniacece in tbe parts of the
flowers being quaternary, in the stamens being double the num-
ber of the petals, in the insertion and dehiscence of the anthers,
and in the cells of the ovarium being 1 -seeded, See. ; it differs
from Araliacece and Cornece in the fruit being capsular, in the
number of the parts of the flower, and in the structure of the
anthers; and from Amentacece in the flowers of most of the
genera being complete ; but the genus Folliergilla agrees with
Amentacece in habit, and in the want of petals; but perhaps in
this genus the outer series of the stamens represent the petals.
* MA'RLEA (the name of the tree in Silhet). Roxb. cor. 3.
p. 283. D. C. prod. 4. p. 2G7. — Stylidium, Lour. coch. p. 221.
but not of Swartz. — Pautsai'tvia, Juss. diet. sc. nat. p. 51. p.
158. — Stylis, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 260.
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adnate to
the ovarium: limb short, bluntly 6-8-toothed. Petals 6-8,
linear, alternating with the teeth of the calyx. Stamens 8, ad-
nate to the epigynous disk, and inserted at the top of the calyx ;
anthers long, linear. Ovarium 2-celled, biovulate. Style short ;
stigma 4-toothed. Drupe oval, rather fleshy, umbilicate from
the teeth of the calyx : containing a 2-celled nucleus. Seed
compressed. Albumen fleshy. Embryo with a superior radicle
and flat cotyledons. — A small Asiatic tree. Leaves alternate,
exstipulate, petiolate, unequally cordate, acuminated, entire,
glabrous, except the nerves on the under side. • Flowers on
axillary peduncles, somewhat corymbose, whitish or yellowish.
1 M. begonifoli a (Roxb. 1. c.) Ij . G. Native of the East
Indies, in Silhet and Nipaul ; and of China, near Canton,
where it is called Pautsau. Stylidium Chinense, Lour. 1. c.
Stylis Chinensis, Poir. 1. c. Leaves sometimes acutely bifid, or
a little toothed.
Begonia-\e&xe&. Marlea. FI. June, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub
5 to 6 feet.
Cult. This shrub is easily increased by cuttings in sand under
a hand-glass. The soil best adapted for it is a mixture of sand,
loam, and peat.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
Hamame'le/e. Petals 4 (f. 69. e.). Stamens 8, 4 fertile (f.
69. b.), and 4 sterile (f. 69. g.). Anthers dehiscing by a valve.
1 Hamame'lis. Calyx 4-lobed, furnished with 3-4 scales on
the outside. Ovarium ending in 2-3 styles at the apex (f. 69.
/.). Capsule coriaceous, 2-celled (f. 69. c.).
2 DicoryThe. Calyx 4-lobed. Styles 2. Fruit inclosed
in the circumcised calyx, umbilicate at the apex, 2-horned,
2-seeded.
3 Trichocladus. Flowers dioecious, intermixed with chaffy
scales. Petal 1, convolute. Stamen 1. Female flowers: ova-
rium villous. Style 1. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved. Arillus of
seed 2-valed.
Tribe II.
Fothergille.'e. Petals wanting. Stamens 24, all fertile.
Anthers opening by a semicircular chink at the margin.
4 Fothergilla. Calyx campanulate, 5-7-toothed. Anthers
form of a horse-shoe. Styles 2. Capsule 2-lobed, 2-celled :
cells 2-valved at the apex, 1 -seeded.
Tribe I.
HAMAME'LEyE (shrubs agreeing with the genus Hamamt-
lis in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 268. Petals 4.
Stamens 8, 4 of which are sterile. Anthers dehiscing by a
valve.
I. HAMAME'LIS (6/tto/nj\«c, homomelis, a name under which
Athenaeus speaks of a fruit resembling an apple ; it comes from
oyoe, omos, like, and fiyXea, melea, an apple-tree; but the pre-
sent genus is not in any way analogous to the apple). Lin. gen.
no. 169. Juss. gen. p. 288. Lam. ill. t. 88. f. 1. D. C. prod.
4. p. 268. — Trilopus, Mith. act. acad. nat. cur. 8. appendix.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Digy'nia. Calyx 4-lobed, adhering to
the ovarium at the base, furnished with 2-3 scales on the out-
side. Petals 4 (f. 69. a.), long, tongue-shaped, alternating with
the teeth of the calyx (f. 69. e.). The 4 stamens alternating
with the petals, fertile (f. 69. b.), with very short filaments :
adnate 2-celled anthers; the cells opening by a vertical valve.
The 4 sterile stamens (f. 69. g.) with very thick filaments
and round anthers, one in front of each petal. Ovarium free
at the apex, ending in 2 (f. 69. 1.), rarely in 3 short styles.
Capsule coriaceous, half free, 2-celled, 2-valved at the apex ;
valves bifid. Arils 2 in each capsule, coriaceous, 1 -seeded,
opening by 2 elastic valves above. Seed oblong, shining, with
a superior hylum ; albumen fleshy. Embryo with a superior
radicle and flat cotyledons. — Small American or Asiatic trees.
Leaves alternate, on short petioles, bistipulate, ovate or cu-
neated, feather-nerved, nearly entire. Flowers nearly sessile, dis-
posed in clusters in the axils of the leaves, girded by a 3-leaved
involucrum. Petals yellow.
1 H. Virginica (Lin. syst. nat.
p. 333.) leaves obovate, acutely
toothed, with a small cordate re-
cess at the base. T? . H. Native
of North America, from Canada
to Florida, in stony and dry si-
tuations, but frequently near
water. Mill. ill. t. 10. Duham.
arb. 1. 1. 114. Schkuhr, handb. t.
27. Lodd. bot. cab. 598. Guimp.
abb. holzart. t. 75. Rafin. med.
bot. 1. t. 45. — Catesb. car. 3. t.
2. This singular shrub, which
grows about 10 or 12 feet high,
begins to show its yellow' flow'ers
in autumn, when all others have
dropped their leaves, continues
to flower all winter, and forms
its fruit the spring following. The flowers are either polvga*
mous, varying to dioecious, monoecious, and androgynous >
hence the names of Hamamelis dioica, monoica, and androgyna*
Walt. car. 255. The Indians consider this tree as a valuable
article in their Materia Medica. They apply the bark, which is
sedative and discutient, to painful tumours and external inflam-
mations. A cataplasm of the inner rind is found to be very effi-
cacious in removing painful inflammations of the eyes.
Var. fi, parvifdlia (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 107.) leaves smaller,
oblong-obovate, upper part undulately and grossly crenated : the
under side pubescent, rather hairy ; segments of the calyx ob-
long ; stamens and perigynous filaments often nearly equal. J? .
H. From the mountains of Pennsylvania.
Virginian Witch-hazel. FI. Oct. Feb. Clt. 1736. Shrub
8 to 12 feet.
2 H. macrophyte a (Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 116.) leaves
nearly orbicular, cordate, coarsely and bluntly toothed, scabrous
from dots beneath. Ij . H. Native of North America, in the
FIG. 69.
HAMAMELIDEiE. I. Hamamelis. II. Dicorypiie. III. Trichocladus. IV. Fothergilla.
397
western part of Georgia ; and of North Carolina, on the Catabaw
Mountains. The large leaves punctated on their under side,
with rough tubercles and other marks, give sufficient reason for
considering it a distinct species.
Large-leaved Witch-hazel. FI. May, Nov. Clt. 1812. Shrub
10 to 12 feet.
3 H. Pe'rsica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 268.) leaves oval, acumi-
nated, repandly toothed above, cuneated at the base, equal. 1? •
H. Native of Persia, in the province of Lenkeran, where it
was collected by Hansen. Adult leaves rather scabrous on the
nerves and petioles ; the rest glabrous. Flowers unknown.
Fruit a little smaller than that of H. Virginica, but similar.
Persian Witch-hazel. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
4 H. Ciiine'nsis (R. Br. descr. pi. chin. 1818. p. 4. with a
figure,) leaves ovate, quite entire, unequal at the base, grey on
both surfaces from stellate down. \ . H. Native of China,
near Nankin, and in the island of Cheusan. — Pluk. amalth. 32.
t. 368. f. 2. Petals linear, 3-nerved, very much elongated.
Anthers with deciduous valves; hence it is proposed by R. Br.
to form it into a distinct section under the name of Loropetalum.
China Witch-hazel. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
Cult. The species of Witch-hazel are well adapted for shrub-
beries ; they will grow in any common soil, and are increased by
layers or suckers.
II. DICORY'PHE (from the, dis, twice, and copvcpr), coryplic,
a vertex ; in reference to the two horns on the top of the fruit).
Pet. Th. hist. veg. afr. austr. 1. p. 31. t. 7. ed. 2. p. 15. t. 4.
and p. 31. nov. gen. mad. p. 12. D. C. prod. 4. p. 269. —
Dicory'pha, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 546.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Digy'nia. Tube of calyx oblong, hairy,
adhering to the ovarium : limb 4-lobed, circumcised after flower-
ing. Petals 4, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the
calyx, joined to the filaments at the base. Stamens 4, fertile,
alternating with the petals : filaments broad at the base : anthers
oblong, adnate, erect, dehiscing at the sides; and 4 sterile
smaller stamens alternating with the first named ones. Styles 2.
Pericarp inclosed in the circumcised calyx, umbilicate at the
apex, and 2-horned, inclosing 2 1 -seeded coriaceous coccula,
which open at the apex. Seed ovate, hanging from the top.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo with a superior radicle : and flat coty-
ledons, having revolute edges. — A small shrub, with twiggy
weak branches. Leaves alternate, on short petioles, oblong,
feather-nerved, entire, furnished with 2 unequal broad foliaceous
stipulas at the base. Corymbs terminal, somewhat fasciculate,
7 -8-flowered.
1 D. stipula'ta (Jaum. exp. fam. 2. p. 348.) T? . S. Native
of Madagascar, near Foulpointe. Pet. Th. 1. c. D. Thouarsii,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 485.
Stipulate-leavedL Dicoryphe. Shrub.
Cult. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will be a good soil
for this plant ; and young cuttings will strike root in sand under
a hand-glass, in heat.
III. TRICHCFCLADUS ("from rpL-^og, thrix trichos, a
hair, and K\abog, klados, a branch ; the branches are clothed
with stellate hairs). Pers. ench. 2. p. 597. D. C. prod. 4. p.
269. — Dahlia, Thunb. diss. (1792) and in edit, goett. 1. p. 108.
act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 2. vol. 1. p. 133. t. 4. but not of Cav.
1791.
Lin. syst. Dioecia, Monandria. Flowers dioecious. Scales
paleaceous, distinguished from the capitate flowers. Male
flowers. Calyx unknown. Petal 1, convolute. Stamen 1, near
the scale and the petal ; anthers ovate, double celled from the
connate filaments (Thunb.), valves dehiscent (Burch.). Female
flowers. Calyx unknown. Petals wanting. Ovarium villous.
Style 1. Capsule ovate, 4-valved, 4-celled. Arillus (seed,
Thunb.) ovate, glabrous, villous from stellate dots. Leaves op-
posite, petiolate, oval, acuminated, entire. Flowers in terminal
heads, crowded on a common receptacle. The character is
taken from the description of the tree by Thunberg.
1 T. crinitus (Pers. 1. c.) J? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in the woods of Houtniquas. Dahlia crinita, Thunb.
11. cc. and fl. cap. 1 . The shrub has the resemblance of a species
of Croton.
Hairy Trichocladus. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand is a good soil for this
shrub ; and young cuttings will root readily in sand under a
hand-glass.
Tribe II.
FOTHERGI'LLEiE (this tribe only contains the genus Fo-
thergilla). D. C. prod. 4. p. 269. Petals wanting. Stamens
24, all fertile ; anthers dehiscing by a chink. This tribe is in-
termediate between Hamamelece and Amentdcece from habit.
IV. FOTHERGTLLA (in memory of John Fothergill, M.D.
an eminent physician, and patron of botany ; who cultivated a
variety of most curious plants in his garden near London). Lin.
fil. suppl. p. 42. I/am. ill. t. 480. Juss. gen. 408. but not of
Aublet. D. C. prod. 4. p. 269.
Lin. syst. Icosandria, Digy'nia. Calyx campanulate, adher-
ing to the ovarium at the base, somewhat truncate, with 5-7 cal-
lous subrepand teeth. Petals wanting. Stamens about 25, in-
serted in the calyx, club-shaped, exserted ; anthers terminal, of
the form of a horse shoe, opening by a semi-circular chink at
the margin. Ovarium 2-celled, 2-ovulate. Styles 2, filiform.
Capsule adnate to the base of the calyx, 2-lobed, 2-celled; cells
2-valved at the apex, 1 -seeded. Seed bony, pendulous, with a
superior hylum. — A shrub, with alternate, obovate, feather-
nerved, bistipulate leaves, clothed with soft starry down ; and
terminal ovate spikes of flowers, having a solitary bractea under
each flower ; those bracteas at the base of the spike are trifid,
and those at its apex are nearly entire. Flowers white, sweet-
scented, sessile. Anthers yellow.
1 F. alnieolia (Lin. fil. suppl.
267.) 1? . H. Native of North
America, from Virginia to Caro-
lina, in shady woods on the sides
of hills. Duham. arb. ed. nov. 4.
t. 26. Guimp. arb. holzart. t.
16. F. Gardeni, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 313. Hamamelis
monoica, Lin. ex Smith, in Rees’
cycl. vol. 17. Flowers appearing
before the leaves.
Var. a, obtusa (Sims, bot. mag.
1341. Mill. fig. t. 1.) leaves
obovate, crenate at the top, when
young clothed with fascicles of
down beneath. F. major, Lodd.
bot. cab. t. 1520. (f. 70.)
Var. ft, acuta (Sims, 1. c.) leaves narrow, ovate, acute,
nearly entire, white from down beneath. T. Gardeni, Jacq.
icon. rar. t. 100.
Var. y, major (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1342.) leaves ovate-oblong,
somewhat cordate at the base, very blunt and serrated at the
apex, sometimes with an acumen ; when young tomentose be-
neath.
Var. £, serotina (Sims, 1. c.) leaves oblong, acute, crenately
toothed at the top, green beneath.
Alder-leaved Fothergilla. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1765. Shrub
3 to 6 feet!
FIG. 70.
398
CORNEAL I. Cornus.
Cult. All the varieties of this shrub are very handsome while
in flower and leaf, and are therefore proper for shrubberies. A
peat or vegetable soil answers them best; and they may either be
increased by layers put down in spring or autumn, or by seed,
which is annually received from America.
Order CXXVI. CORNEAJ (this order contains plants agree-
ing with Cornus in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 271.
— Caprifoliaceae Corneae, Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 430. —
Genera of Caprifoliacem, Juss.
Calyx having the tube adnate to the ovarium ; and the
limb superior and 4-lobed (f. 71. c.). Petals 4, oblong, broad
at the base, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the
calyx, regular, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 4, inserted with
the petals, and alternating with them ; anthers ovate-oblong, 2-
celled. Style filiform ; stigma simple. Drupe baccate, crowned
by the vestiges of the calyx, containing a 2-celled nucleus. Seed
pendulous, solitary in the cells. Albumen fleshy. Embryo with
a superior radicle, which is shorter than the two oblong cotyle-
dons.— Trees and shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves of all opposite,
except in one species of the genus Cornus, entire or toothed,
feather-nerved. Flowers capitate, umbellate or corymbose,
naked or involucvated, rarely dioecious from abortion. Flesh or
pulp of fruit edible.
This order agrees with Hamamelidece, and C aprifolidcece, tribe
Sambucece ; but differs from the first in the aestivation of the
petals being truly valvate ; in the stamens not being double the
number of the petals ; in the style being simple, not double ; in
the fruit being drupaceous, not capsular ; and in the albumen
being fleshy, not horny, &c. From Sambucece it differs in the
corolla being polypetalous, not gamopetalous ; in the parts of the
flower being quaternary, not quinary ; in the style being ex-
serted, not wanting; in the stigmas being 2, not 3, and in the
fruit being drupaceous, not baccate, &c. Cornece differs from
Lorantliacece in the stamens alternating with the petals, not op-
posite them.
All the genera of this order have more or less astringent bark ;
that of Cornus Jlorida is used in North America in intermittent
fevers, as is also that of Cornus sericea, which, according to Bar-
ton, is scarcely inferior to quinquina.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Cornus. Limb of calyx 4-toothed (f. 71. c.). Drupe
baccate, marked by the vestiges of the calyx, containing a 2-cell-
ed, rarely 3-celled nucleus.
2 Votomi'ta. Tube of calyx turbinate; limb 4-toothed.
Anthers approximating into a tube, and terminated by a thin
membrane. Stigmas 4, oblong. Drupe crowned by the calyx,
1 -celled.
3 Mastixia. Limb of calyx 4-5-toothed. Stamens 4-5 ;
anthers didymous. Style short, girded by a disk ; stigma ob-
tuse. Drupe umbilicate, containing a 1 -seeded nucleus.
4 Polyosma. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Petals sometimes
joined at the base. Anthers 2-celled. Stigma truncate. Drupe
containing a 1-seeded nucleus.
I. CO RNUS (from cornu, a horn ; the wood being thought
to be as hard and as durable as horn. Its value as a material
for warlike instruments has been celebrated by Virgil. — Bona
bello cornus ). Tourn. inst. 641. t. 410. Lin. gen. no. 149. Gaertn.
fruct. t. 26. D. C. prod. 4. p. 271.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogijnia. Tube of calyx adher-
ing to the ovarium; limb small, 4-toothed (f. 71. c.). Petals
4, oblong, sessile ; valvate in aestivation. Stamens 4. Style
1. Drupe baccate, marked by the vestiges of the calyx,
containing a 2-celled, rarely 3-celled nucleus. Seed solitary,
pendulous. Albumen fleshy. Radicle of embryo shorter than
the cotyledons. — Trees and shrubs, sometimes low herbs.
Leaves all opposite, except in the first species, entire, feather-
nerved. Flowers sometimes capitate and umbellate, involu-
crated ; sometimes corymbose and panicled, without involucra.
Petals white, rarely yellow.
§ 1 . Nudiflorce (from nudus, naked, and fos, a flower ; in
allusion to the flowers being exinvolucrate). D. C. prod. 4. p.
271. Flowers corymbose or panicled, exinvolucrate.
* Leaves alternate.
1 C. alternifolia (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 125.) leaves alternate,
ovate, acute, hoary beneath ; corymbs depressed, spreading ;
branches warted. J? . H. Native of North America, from
Canada to Carolina, in shady woods on river banks. Lher. corn,
no. 11. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 43. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 70. C.
alterna, Marsh. Berries purple, globose, about the size of a
grain of pepper. Leaves on long petioles. Branches green or
reddish-brown.
Alternate-leaved Dogwood. FI. May, July. Clt. 1760. Tree
15 to 20 feet.
* * Leaves opposite.
2 C. panicula'ta (Lher. corn. no. 10. t. 5.) branches erect;
leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous, hoary beneath ; corymbs
thyrsoid ; ovarium silky. 1? . H. Native of North America,
from Canada to Carolina, rare, in swamps and near rivulets
among other bushes. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 68. C. racemosa,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 116. C. femina, Mill. diet. no. 4. C. citrifolia,
Hort. par. Branches pale-purplish. Berries roundish, depres-
sed, watery, white, 3 lines in diameter. The dots on the under
side of the leaves, which are only seen through a lens, bear
bicuspidate short adpressed hairs. Tube of calyx pubescent.
Var. (3, dlbida (Ehrh. beitr. 4. p. 16.) leaves elliptic-lanceo-
late.
Var. y, radidta (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 109.) racemes
sterile, foliiferous.
P«w/c/e-flowered Dogwood. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1758.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 C. Tolucce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
430.) branches dichotomous, spreading ; leaves ovate-oblong,
narrowly acuminated, puberulous on both surfaces, paler be-
neath ; cymes lateral, naked. T? . H. Native of Mexico, on
the higher plains about the city of Tolucca. Very like C. pani-
culala. Compare Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 171.
in which place there is a species described which was found
about Jalapa, and which is probably referrible to the present
plant.
Tolucca Dogwood. Tree or shrub.
4 C. oblonga (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 432.) leaves ob-
long, acuminated, acute at the base, glaucous and rather scabrous
beneath, with many excavated glands along the axils of the ribs
and nerves ; corymbs spreading, panicled. Jj. H. Native of
Nipaul, about Narainhetty, Katmandu, and the valley of Dhoon.
C. paniculata, Hamilt. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 140. Young
shoots clothed with short adpressed hair. Leaves 4-6 inches
CORNER. I. Cornus.
399
long, and 1 to 1^- inch broad ; petioles about an inch long.
Flowers white or pale -purplish, fragrant. Calyx clothed with
adpressed silvery hairs, as well as the pedicels and petals. Drupe
ovate-oblong. Ovarium 3-celled.
Oblong-\ea\ed Dogwood. Clt. 1818. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
5 C. stri'cta (Lam. diet. 3. p. 116.) branches straight, fas-
tigiate ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous, green on both sur-
faces, when young hardly pubescent beneath ; corymbs convex,
somewhat panicled. . H. Native of North America, from
Carolina to Canada, on the banks of rivers, frequent ; also of
Mexico, between Tampico and Real del Monte. Lher. corn,
no. 9. t. 4. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 67. C. fastigiata, Michx. fl. bor,
amer. 1. p. 92. C. sanguinea, Walt, but not of Lin. C. cya-
nocarpos, Gmel. syst. veg. 1. p. 257. C. Canadensis, Hort. par.
C. caerulea, Meerb. icon. 3. but not of Lam. Branches reddish-
brown. Anthers blue. Berries globose, soft, blue on the out-
side, but white inside.
Far. (3, variegdta ; leaves variegated with white or yellow.
NfraigAi-branched Dogwood. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1758.
Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
6 C. sanguinea (Lin. spec. p. 171.) branches straight;
leaves ovate, acute, smooth and green on both surfaces ; co-
rymbs flat. ■ H. Native of Europe and the north of Africa,
in hedges and thickets, especially on a chalk and limestone soil,
common ; plentiful in Britain in like situations. It is also said
to grow in North America near the Lakes of Canada and New
York, but has probably been introduced there. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 249. Fl. dan. 481. — Duham. arb. 1. t. 75. — C. femina,
Raii, syn. 460. Ger. emac. 1467. with a figure. Virga sangui-
nea, Matth. valgr. 1. p. 236. with a figure. Cam. epit. 159. with
a figure. Branches of a dark-red when full grown. Leaves
2-3 inches long. Flowers greenish-white, unpleasantly scented ;
petals revolute at the sides. Fruit dark-purple, very bitter.
Matthiolus records that an oil is obtained from the berries by
pressure, after they have first been boiled, which is used for
lamps in the country near Trent. The shrub, after a smothered
combustion, affords a charcoal, esteemed the best for entering
into the composition of gunpowder. It has a variety of names
in differerit parts of the kingdom, as female cornel, dogberry-tree,
hound' s-tree, prickwood, from its use in making skewers, gaten or
gaten-lree, gater or gatcr-tree. The wood was formerly made
use of for cart timber and rustic instruments, &c. Mr. Miller
informs us, that in his time the fruit was often brought to the
markets, and sold for those of buckthorn.
Bloody- branched Dogwood or Wild Cornel-tree. Fl. June,
Britain. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
7 C. Pi/rshii ; branches straight ; leaves ovate, green on
both surfaces, and pubescent ; corymbs spreading. ^ . H. Na-
tive of North America, near the lakes of Canada and New York.
C. sanguinea, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 109. Schmidt, arb. 2.
t. 66. Flowers with yellow anthers. Berries dark-brown. This
differs from the C. sanguinea of Europe in the leaves being pu-
bescent, and in stature.
Pursh’ s Dogwood or Cornel. Fl. June, July. Sh. 8 to 12 ft.
8 C. exce'lsa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 430.)
branches spreading ; branchlets pubescent ; leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, pubescent and paler beneath, and with minute scattered
pili above ; cymes naked, spreading. I? . H. Native about the
city of Mexico. Allied to C. sanguinea.
Tall Dogwood. Tree.
9 C. a'lba (Lin. mant. p. 40.) branches recurved ; branchlets
glabrous ; leaves ovate, acute, pubescent, hoary beneath ;
corymbs depressed. 1? . H. Native of Siberia, at the rivers
Oby and Irtysch, among bushes, &c. ; North America, from
Virginia to Canada, on the banks of rivers and lakes; and of
North California. Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 34. C. stolonifera, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 109. C. Sibirica, Lodd. C. Tatarica, Mill,
fig. 104. — Amm. ruth. t. 32. Branches of a fine red colour.
Berries white or bluish-white.
Far. /3, circinnata ; leaves larger, more hairy beneath. Tj . H.
Native throughout Canada, and from Lake Huron to north lat.
69°, Newfoundland, and the north-west coast of America. C.
circinnata, Cham, et Schleclit. in Linnaea. 3. p. 139. The berries
are lead-coloured according to Dr. Richardson, who further says,
they are named by the Crees musquameena, because the bears
fatten upon them, and meethquan-peemeenaltick and meenisan
(red stick berry), and that pigeons are fond of them.
White- berried Dogwood. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1741. Shrub
4 to 10 feet.
10 C. sericea (L’Her. corn. no. 6. t. 2.) branches spreading ;
branchlets woolly ; leaves ovate, acuminated, clothed with rusty
pubescence beneath ; corymbs depressed, woolly ; nucleus com-
pressed. ^ • H. Native of North America, from Canada to
Carolina, in swampy woods and on river banks. Schmidt, arb.
2. t. 64. C. lanuginosa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 92. C. alba,
Walt. fl. car. 88. but not of Lin. C. caerulea, Lam. diet. 2. p.
116. C. amomum, Duroi, harbk. 1. p. 165. C. rubiginbsa,
Ehrh. beitr. 4. p. 15. C. ferruginea, Hort. par. C. candidis-
sima, Mill. C. cyanocarpos, Moench, but not of Gmel. Berries
bright blue, globose.
Far. (3, oblongifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 272.) leaves oblong,
glabrous above. fj . H. C. oblongifolia, Rafin. in litt.
Far. y, asperifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 272.) leaves oval, acu-
minated, rough above from minute stiff pubescence, and rather
tomentose beneath. • H. Native of Lower Carolina, in shady
woods. C. asperifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 93.
Silky Dogwood. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. Shrub 5 to
8 feet.
11 C. circinna'ta (L’Her. corn. p. 7. no. 8. t. 3.) brandies
warted ; leaves broadly oval, acuminated, clothed with hoary
tomentum beneath ; corymbs depressed, spreading. 1? . H.
Native of North America, from Canada to Virginia, on the
banks of rivers, and probably of California, ex Cham, and
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 139. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 69. C. tomen-
tosula, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 91. C. rugosa, Lam. diet. 2.
p. 115. C. Virgini&na, Hort. par. Branches slightly tinged
with red. Leaves broad, w'aved on their edges. Flowers white
as in most of the species. Berries globose, at first blue, but at
length becoming white.
RoundedAeaved Dogwood. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1784. Shrub
5 to 10 feet.
12 C. macrophy'lla (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 433.)
branches smooth ; leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, rounded at
the base, smooth, glaucous and soft beneath, with the axils
slightly glandular ; corymbs umbellate ; flowers racemose along
the branches of the corymb, and secund. 1? . H. Native of
Nipaul, near Saharumpore and Sirinagur, and at Kamaon.
Leaves with adpressed bristles, 6 inches long, and 4 inches
broad, pale beneath ; the bristles fixed by the centre, and there-
fore bicuspidate, but are only to be seen through a lens. Ova-
rium hairy. Berries round, smooth, about the size of a grain of
black pepper.
Long-leaved Dogwood. Shrub.
§ 2. Involucratce (from involucra, an involucrum ; the heads
of flow'ers are surrounded by an involucrum). D. C. prod. 4. p.
273. Flowers disposed in heads (f. 71. b.) or umbels, surrounded
by coloured involucra, which are usually composed of 4 leaves (f.
71. a.).
* Trees, with white capitate flowers.
13 C. capita'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p.434.) branches
400
CORNEiE. I. Corncs.
spreading, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
on short petioles, rather rough from small adpressed down ;
flowers sessile, densely aggregate, forming a round head, girded
by a 4-leaved scabrous involucrum. T? . H. Native of Nipaul,
in Gosaingsthan, where the tree is called chungwa ; and about Se-
rampore, where it is called Bhumomro ; and between Sutley and
Jumna. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 141. Leaves coriaceous, 2
inches long, glaucous and pale beneath : with sometimes pink-
coloured nerves, having each a minute gland in their axils.
Heads of flowers about the size of a moderate-sized cherry,
supported by a club-shaped peduncle, which widens at the upper
end into a convex ligneous receptacle for the reception of the
flowers. Involucrum yellow, of 4 obovate leaves.
Cap? tote-flowered Dogwood. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
14 C. disciflora (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 273.) branches smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, on short petioles ; flow-ers nearly sessile, disposed in
capitate umbels ; leaves of involucrum joined together into a
roundish 4-lobed disk. T? . H. Native of Mexico, near Jalapa,
where it was collected by Berlandier, Deppe, and Schiede. C.
grandis, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 171. Flowers
white, many sterile. Fruit ovate. Perhaps C. polygama, Rafin.
fl. lud. p. 78. ?
Disk-flowered Dogwood. Tree.
15 C. Japonica (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 63.) arboreous; branches
striated ; leaves ovate, acuminated, entire at the base, pale be-
neath ; umbels decompound, of 3-5 rays ; involucrum of 4 leaves.
Ij . H. Native of Japan, near Nagasaki. Viburnum Japoni-
cum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 934. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 320.
Stamens 4. Flowers white. Fruit crowned bv the very short
permanent style, and the trigonal acute stigma, compressed, red,
smooth, rather acid, ex Thunb. 1. c.
Japan Dogwood. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
* * Trees, with yellow umbellate flowers.
16 C. ma's (Lin. spec. 171.) branches smoothish ; leaves
oval, acuminated, rather pubescent on both surfaces ; flowers
rising before the leaves ; umbels about equal in length to the 4-
leaved involucra; fruit elliptic. T? . H. Native throughout
Europe, Britain excepted, and in the north of Asia, in hedges,
and among bushes ; as in France, Russia, Germany, Switzerland,
Austria, Carniola, Piedmont, &c. Blackw. t. 121. Plench.
icon. t. 64. C. mascula, L’Her. corn. no. 4. Guimp. abb. t. 2.
Hayne, term. bot. t. 35. Fl. grsec. t. 151. Schmidt, arb. 2. t.
63. Lam. ill. t. 74. f. 1. Knip, cent. 1. t. 18. Flowers yellow.
Fruit elliptic, of a high shining scarlet colour, the size and form
of a small olive or acorn, very styptic in its immature state.
The Cornelian cherry is very common in plantations of shrubs.
If the season be mild, the flowers will come out in the beginning
of February; and though there be no great beauty in them, yet
they are produced in plenty at a season when few other flowers
appear. Formerly it was cultivated for the fruit, which was
used to make tarts, and a rob de cornis was kept in the shops.
The fruit is gratefully acid, and is called sorbet by the Turks.
Cornel, says Evelyn, grow’s with us of a good bulk and stature,
and is exceedingly commended for its durableness in wheel-
work, pins, and wedges, in which it lasts like the hardest iron.
Var. /3 fruit yellow or yellowish. Duham. arb. 1. p. 182.
This variety is to be found but very rare in the gardens.
Var. y, variegata ; leaves edged with white or yellow.
Male Cornel or Cornelian-cherry. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1596.
Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
17 C. Florida (Lin. spec. 1661.) branches shining; leaves
ovate, acuminated, pale beneath, beset with adpressed pili on
both surfaces; flowers umbellate, rising after the leaves; leaves
of involucrum large, roundish, retuse or nearly obcordate ;
drupes ovate. Tj . H. Native of North America, from Caro-
lina to Canada, in woods, common ; and on the banks of the
Columbia near its confluence with the sea. L’Hher. corn. no. 3.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 526. Catesb. car. t. 27. Bigel. med. bot. 2. t.
28. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 19. Rafin. med. bot. t. 28. Schmidt,
arb. 2. t. 52. Wang, beytr. 1. t. 17. f. 41. This is a beautiful
small tree. Leaves of involucrum white. Flowers greenish-
yellow. Berries scarlet, about half the size of those of C. mas-
cula, ripe in August. The wood is extremely hard, and of a very
fine texture. The bark is extremely bitter, and is used in North
America for the cure of remittent and intermittent fevers ; and
is considered not inferior to Peruvian bark. The young branches
stripped of their bark, and rubbed with their ends against the
teeth, render them extremely white. (Barton, 1. p. 51.) From
the bark of the more fibrous roots the Indians obtain a good
scarlet colour.
Flowering Dogwood. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1731. Tree 20
to 30 feet.
* * * Herbaceous plants, with subterraneous creeping roots.
Stems simple, herbaceous. Flowers white, in umbels.
18 C. Canade'nsis (Lin. spec.
172.) stems simple, herbaceous;
upper leaves in whorles, ovate,
acuminated, veiny, on short pe-
tioles ; flowers umbellate, much
shorter than the leaves of the in-
volucrum, which are ovate, and
acuminated ; drupes globose.
1/ . H. Native of North Ame-
rica, on the high mountains,
in boggy ground, from New
England to Carolina ; also of
Newfoundland, and the island of
Unalaschka ; throughout Canada
nearly to the Arctic coast, every
where as far as pine woods ex-
tend, &c. L’Her. corn. no. 2.
t. 1. Curt. bot. mag. 880. Begel.
fl. host. ed. 1. p. 37. Cham, and Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
139. Kernel-, t. 636. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 319.
Flowers purplish-white ; involucra white. Berries red, ripe in
July. Habit of Paris quadrifblia.
Canadian Dogwood. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1774. PI. ^ ft.
19 C. Sue'cica (Lin. spec. 172.) stem herbaceous; umbel
between two branches, stalked, surrounded by 4 unequal white
involucral leaves, tinged with red ; leaves opposite, sessile,
ovate, almost nerved from the base; drupe globose. I/. H.
Native of Europe and the north of Asia, Kamtschatka, Aleutian
Islands, Greenland, Lapland, Canada, Newfoundland, and La-
brador, in moist alpine pastures. In Britain in like situations ;
on the Cheviot hills of Northumberland, abundantly. In the
highlands of Scotland, frequent in boggy spots about rivulets.
In the Hole of Horcum, near Scarborough. Lin. fl. lapp. ed.
2. p. 38. t. 5. f. 3. Svensk. bot. t. 201. Penn. tour, scotl. p. 39.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 310. — CEder, fl. dan. t. 5. Sturm, deutschl.
fl. with a figure. C. herbiicea, Huds. angl. 71. — Dill. elth. 108.
t. 91. — Raii, syn. 261. Park, theatr. 1461. f. 1. The involucral
leaves finally turn green. Flowers dark purple. The berries
are red and sweetish, containing a 2- celled nucleus, having the
dissepiment between the cells furnished with a large hole ; they
are supposed by the Highlanders to create an appetite, and
hence the Gaelic name, Lus-a-chrasis, plant of gluttony.
Var. fi ; nearly twice the size of the species. 1/ . H. Native
of North America, at Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia.
FIG. 71.
CORNER. I. Cornus. II. Votomita. III. Mastixia. IV. Polyosma. LOR ANTH ACE /E.
401
Swedish Dogwood or Dwarf-cornel. FI. June, July. Britain.
PI. j to | foot.
f Species not sufficiently known.
20 C. ferula'cea (Jacq. ex Steud. nom. 227.) or C. ferulae-
folia, Nocca, syn. pi. p. 38. but is undescribed. Compare
Room, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 32 3.
Fennel-like Dogwood. Shrub.
21 C. latifolia (Bray, in Steud. nom. phan. 227.) this species
is undescribed as far as we know.
Broad-leaved Dogwood. Shrub.
22 C. poly'gama (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 78.) branches straight,
smooth, glabrous ; leaves opposite, sessile, oblong, entire, ob-
liquely acuminated, hoary beneath ; flowers polygamous, . H.
Native of Louisiana. C6rnus, no. 2. Rob. voy. 456. Shrub
15 feet high. Branches red. Calyx entire. Petals white,
acute. Styles shorter than the stamens. Fruit black, edible.
Polygamous Dogwood. Shrub 15 feet.
Cult. All the woody species are desirable for shrubberies ;
and many of the kinds will grow under the drip of trees, which
renders them valuable for thickening strips of plantations which
have become naked below. They are easily increased by cut-
tings, layering, or by suckers. The C. Suecica and C. Canaden-
sis should be grown in a border of peat, in a rather shady situa-
tion ; they are to be increased by dividing when the plants have
run considerably at the roots ; or they may be planted in pots
filled with peat earth, and treated as alpines.
II. VOTOMFTA (Votomit is the name of the tree in Guiana).
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 90. t. 35. D. C. prod. 4. p. 275. — Glossoma,
Schreb. gen. no. 1728. — Guilleminia, Neck. elem. no. 813. but
not of K until.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx turbinate,
adnate to the ovarium ; limb 4-toothed. Petals 4, oblong, acu-
minated, spreadingly reflexed. Stamens 4, with very short fila-
ments ; anthers oblong, approximate into a tube, terminated by
a thin membrane. Style filiform, perforating the tube of the
anthers; stigmas 4, oblong. Drupe crowned by the calyx, 1-
celled. Seed one striated. — A glabrous shrub, having the
branches somewhat quadrangular at the apex. Leaves opposite,
sessile, ovate, acuminated, stiff, quite entire, furnished within
the base of the petioles with 2 deciduous stipulas. Flowers
corymbose ; corymbs axillary, few-flowered. Corolla white.
This genus is not sufficiently known, but is allied to Cornus from
the description.
1 V. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of French
Guiana, near the river Sinemari. Poir. diet. 8. p. 698. Glos-
soma Votomita, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 318. Glossoma
arborescens, Willd. spec. 1. p. 664.
Guiana Votomita. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this shrub ;
and cuttings will root readily in sand under a hand-glass in heat.
III. MASTFXIA (meaning unknown to us). Blum, bijdr. p.
654. D. C. prod. 4. p. 275.
Lin. syst. Tetr a- Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx
adnate to the ovarium : limb superior, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5,
ovate, broadest at the base. Stamens 4-5, opposite the calycine
teeth. Anthers didymous, bursting inwards. Ovarium contain-
ing a pendulous ovulum. Style short, girded by a disk ; stigma
obtuse. Drupe baccate, umbilicate, containing a 1 -seeded nut.
Embryo inverted In the albumen. — Tall trees, natives of Java,
with oblong acuminated leaves, and corymbose flowers.
1 M. penta'ndra (Blum. 1. c.) leaves alternate, oblong, quite
glabrous ; corymbs terminal ; flowers pentandrous. Tj . S. Native
of Java, on the more elevated woods on Mounts Salak and
Burangrang, where it is called by the natives Huru-Lilin.
VOL. III.
Pentandrous Mastixia. Fl. July, Dec. Tree 30 to 50 feet.
2 M. trichotoma (Blum. 1. c.) leaves opposite, oblong, pu-
berulous on the under side, as well as the petioles, and the
corymbs which are terminal and trichotomous ; flowers with a
4-toothed calyx, 4 petals, and 4 stamens. Tj • S. Native of
Java, in woods on the mountains along with the preceding species,
where it is called Palaglar burriel or Tenjoh.
Trichotomous-corymbed Mastixia. Tree 50 to 60 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Votomita above.
IV. POLYOSMA (from tto\v, poly, much, and otr/irj, osme,
smell ; flowers). Blum, bijdr. p. 658. D. C. prod. 4. p. 275.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adnate to
the ovarium : limb superior, 4-toothed, permanent. Petals 4,
sometimes joined at the base. Stamens 4, free, alternating with
the petals ; filaments linear, rather membranous ; anthers burst-
ing lengthwise inwardly, adnate, 2-celled. Ovarium incom-
pletely 2-celled, many-seeded. Style filiform ; stigma truncate,
simple. Drupe somewhat baccate, containing a 1 -seeded nu-
cleus. Albumen rather horny. Embryo inverted. — Trees and
shrubs, native of Java, with opposite exstipulate leaves ; and
axillary terminal racemes of whitish, very sweet-scented flowers,
furnished with 3 bracteoles under each.
1 P. ilicifolium (Blum. 1. c.) stem arborescent ; leaves ob-
long, coarsely and deeply serrated at the top. bc . S. Native
of Java, on the tops of the higher mountains.
Holly-leaved Polyosma. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
2 P. serrula'tum (Blum. 1. c.) stem shrubby ; leaves oblong,
slightly serrulated. Tj • S. Native of Java, in woods on
Mounts Gede and Pangurango.
Serndated- leaved Polyosma. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 P. integrifolium (Blum. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves ob-
long, quite entire. 1? • S. Native of Java, in the higher woods
on Mount Burangrang.
Entire-leaved Polyosma. Tree 60 feet.
Cult. See Votomita above for culture and propagation.
Order CXXVII. LORANTHA'CEjE (plants agreeing with
Loranthus in important characters). D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
142. D. C. coll. mem. vi. with 12 figures, prod. 4. p. 277. —
Lorantheae, Rich, and Juss. in ann. mus. 12. p. 292. exclusive
of Rhizophoreae, Clorantheae, and some genera of Loranthaceae.
Loranthldeae, Gray, brit. arr. 2. p. 492.
Flowers hermaphrodite, or of different sexes (f. 73. a. d.).
Tube of calyx girded at the base by a calyculous, which is adnate
to the ovarium ; limb short, entire, or lobed. Petals 4-8 (f. 73.
e.), sometimes distinct from each other, sometimes cohering more
or less together, valvate in aestivation. Stamens equal in num-
ber to the petals, and opposite them ; filaments adnate to the
corolla, more or less, or wanting ; anthers oscillatory, or erect
on the tops of the filaments ; or wdien the filaments are defi-
cient or wanting, they are adnate to the lobes of the corolla.
Ovarium ovate or turbinate, adnate to the calyx. Style filiform
or wanting; stigma capitate. Berry 1-celled (f. 73. a.f.),
1 -seeded (f. 73. c.), crowned or umbilicate by the calyx (f. 73. b.).
Tegument membranous, involving the seed. Albumen fleshy.
Embryo with a superior radicle, which is thickened or truncate
at the apex. — The shrubs contained in this order are almost all
parasitical, that is, growing on and deriving their nourishment
from other trees : very few of them grow in earth. Leaves
opposite, rarely alternate or wanting, coriaceous or more or less
fleshy, and always entire. The disposition of the flowers and
3 F
402
LORANTHACEiE. I. Viscum.
the habit of the plants are very variable. — Very few of the
plants belonging to -this order are cultivatable ; they being
nearly all genuine parasites, fixed in the bark and wood of trees,
on which they grow, and deriving from their juices the whole of
their nutriment. The Viscums have little or no beauty, but the
other parasitical genera are among the most lovely of plants,
hanging in clusters of rich scarlet flowers from the trunks and
branches of trees in the tropics, which they often clothe with a
beauty not their own. The Mistletoe of the Druids is supposed
to have been the Loranthus Europe?' us, the common Viscum
never having been seen upon the oak, while the Loranthus Eu-
ropce'us inhabits no other tree. If this be correct, the latter must
have once existed in this country, although now extinct. It has
been suggested, that all vestiges of their religion were extirpated
with the Druids, which will perhaps account for the Lordnthus
having disappeared wherever that religion formerly held its sway.
This order is very nearly allied to Caprifoliaccce, from which
it is easily distinguished by the anthers being opposite the lobes
of the corolla. A connection is established between this order
and Araliacece by means of Aucuba. Mr. Brown suggests their
relation to Proledcece. The germination of Viscum is exceedingly
remarkable ; it has afforded a subject of some curious experi-
ments upon the vital energies of vegetables. See Du Trochet
sur la Motilite, p. 1 14.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I. Parasitical shrubs.
1 Vi'scum. Flowers dioecious (f. 73. b. e.), or monoecious.
Margin of calyx obsolete, but in the male flowers wanting. Pe-
tals usually 4 (f. 73. e.), connected at the base in the male
flowers, but free in the female. Stamens 4. Stigma obtuse, sessile.
2 Arceutho'bium. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers sessile,
without a calyx, but with a monopetalous 2-3-4-parted corolla,
and the same number of sessile 1 -celled anthers, and a gland
in place of an ovarium. Female flowers pedicellate, with an
ovate, fleshy, bidentate calyx, adnate to the ovarium, without
any corolla, stamens, or style, but with a small obscurely-lobed
stigma. Berry obovate.
3 Misode'ndron. Flowers dioecious : male ones unknown :
female ones having a small truncate limb. Capsule oblong,
trigonal.
4 Lora'nthus. Flowers dioecious or hermaphrodite. Margin
of calyx entire. Petals 5-6, linear, reflexed. Stamens inserted
into the middle of the petals ; filaments very short. Berry
globose, umbilicate by the calyx, immersed in the rachis.
5 Strutiia'nthus. Flowers hermaphrodite, nearly all hex*
amerous. Margin of calyx truncate. Petals linear, at length
revolute. Anthers ovate, fixed near the base or beneath the
middle of the petals ; filaments very short. Berry ovate-elliptic.
6 Psittaca'nthus. Flowers hermaphrodite, for the most
part hexamerous. Margin of calyx entire, obsoletely 5-6-toothed
or repand. Petals linear-spatulate, erect, spreading, for the
most part free to the middle. Filaments filiform from the
middle of the petals ; anthers fixed by the base or back. Berry
ovate.
7 Tri'sterix. Flowers hermaphrodite ; each furnished with
3 bracteas. Margin of calyx entire. Petals linear-spatulate,
or linear, bearing the stamens in the middle ; anthers fixed by
the back, incumbent. Berry ovate or elliptic.
8 Dendroptiio'e. Flowers hermaphrodite ; each furnished
with 1 bractea. Margin of calyx entire or toothed. Petals
linear-spatulate, bearing the stamens in the middle ; anthers
fixed by the base. Berry ovate or elliptic.
9 Piithiru'sa. Flowers hermaphrodite, perhaps always 4-
parted ; each furnished with 3 or more bracteas. Anthers fixed
by the back, ovate. Berry ovate.
10 Scu'rrula. Flowers hermaphrodite, tubular, divided into
4-5 short lobes, usually gibbous at the base, and bursting by a
longitudinal fissure as in Lobelia. Filaments 4-5, adhering a
long way to the corolla ; anthers fixed by the base, erect. Style
filiform ; stigma capitate.
1 1 Elytra'nthe. Flowers hermaphrodite ; petals 4-6-8,
joined to the middle, forming a regular 4-6-8-cleft limb. Fila-
ments adnate to the petals at the base, but free at the apex ;
anthers fixed by the base, erect. Style filiform. Stigma ca-
pitate.
12 Notanthe'ra. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 5-6-8,
but usually 6, sometimes almost free, and sometimes joined at
the base. Filaments adnate to the petals at the base, but free
at the apex ; anthers fixed by the back, versatile or incumbent.
Bracteas concave, 1 under each ovarium, but often wanting.
13 Loxanthe'ra. Flowers hermaphrodite. Tube of corolla
elongated, kneed at the base, but somewhat clavate and oblique
at the apex, and 6-lobed ; the lobes somewhat spirally twisted.
Filaments stiff and curved at the apex, not attenuated but rather
dilated, and the anthers are fixed by the back. Style filiform.
Stigma clavate.
Tribe II. Terrestrial shrubs.
14 Sciioe'pfia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Margin of calyx
entire. Limb of corolla 5-cleft, rarely 4-6-cleft. Filaments
adnate to the tube ; anthers ovate-roundish. Drupe containing
a 3-celled, 3-seeded nucleus.
15 Aucuba. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals
4, ovate-lanceolate. Stamens 4, alternating with the petals ?
Stigma concrete. Fruit 1 -seeded.
Tribe l. Parasitical shrubs.
I. VI SCUM (viscus, birdlime, on account of the sticky nature
of the berries; called gui, in French ; misll in German; visco
in Italian ; and mistletoe in English). Tourn. inst. p. 609. t.
fruct. 1. p. 131. t. 27. Lam. ill. t. 807. D. C. prod. 4. p. 277.
380. Lin. gen. no. 1105. D. C. coll. mem. 6. no. 1. Gaertn.
Lin. syst. Monoecia or Dioecia, Tetrandria. Flowers mo-
noecious or dioecious. Calyx a slight border in the male
flow’ers, but rather a more evident border in the female flowers.
Corolla in the male flowers gamopetalous, in 4 deep, ovate, acute
equal divisions ; in the female flow er of 4 ovate, equal, deciduous
petals, which are dilated at the base. Anthers in the female
flowers none, but in the male flower there are 4 compressed,
sessile ones, one on the base of each corolline segment, all over
pitted or cellular. Ovarium in the female flower inferior, ovate,
adnate to the calyx, and crowned by its border. Stigma sessile,
obtuse, undivided. Berry globular, smooth, juicy, viscid, of
L0RANTFIACE4S. I. Viscum.
408
1 cell. Seed solitary, heart-shaped, compressed, sometimes with
a double embryo. — Parasitical on trees, shrubby, branched, all
smooth except one species, pale green. Branches terete, tetra-
gonal, or compressed, usually jointed. Leaves opposite, very
rarely alternate, simple, undivided, entire, rigid, sometimes
wanting or reduced to scales. Flowers in fascicles or spikes,
greenish. Berries of various colours. Concerning the very
singular germination of Viscum, see Malpighi, oper. 140. fig.
105. Duham. phys. arb. vol. 2. p. 220. liv. 5. t. 1. f. 2-10.
§ 1 . Plants with true leaves. Flowers in fascicles or umbels.
1 V. A'tBUM(Lin. spec. 1451.)
stem much branched, forked :
with sessile, intermediate heads,
of about 5 flowers ; branches
terete ; leaves obovate-lanceo-
late, obtuse, nerveless. . P. H.
Native of Europe, parasitical on
trees, especially on the apple-
tree and hawthorn ; but it is
said also to have been found
growing on the lime-tree, oak,
American locust-tree, elm, fir,
pear-tree, service, almond, white
willow, walnut, &c. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 1470. Mill. fig.
87. Woodv. suppl. t. 270. —
Duham. arb. 2. t. 104. Rich. ann. mus. 12. t. 27. — Fuschs.
hist. 329. t. 1817. Cam. epit. 555. with a figure. V. album
of Thunb. and Walt, are distinct from this. Root hard, incor-
porated deep with the wood of the tree on which it grows,
without any radicles, as in all the other species of this genus, as
well as of Loranthus and the allied genera. Leaves permanent,
stiff, with parallel ribs.' Flowers yellowish. Berries white,
pellucid, the size of a currant, sweet, very glutinous internally,
serving to make the best bird-lime, when boiled with a small
portion of vegetable oil. Lordnthus Europce'us seems to be the
original and most common mistletoe, difog of the Greeks, which
grows usually on some kind of fir-tree. But our V. album is some-
times found in Greece, though rarely, growing on the oak ; and
this has been preferred from the most remote antiquity. Hence,
when the superstitions of the East travelled westward, our
Druids adopted a notion of the mistletoe of the oak being more
holy or efficacious in conjurations or medicine, than what any
other tree afforded, the Lordnthus or ordinary mistletoe not being
known here. This superstition actually remains, and a plant of
Viscum from an oak is preferred by those who rely on virtues,
which perhaps never existed in any mistletoe whatever. The
Druids sent round their attendant youths with branches of mistle-
toe to announce the entrance of the new year ; and something
like the same custom is still continued in France. In England
branches of it are hung up in most houses at Christmas, along
with other evergreens. The berries are devoured by several
birds of the thrush kind, and especially by the mistletoe thrush.
The common mistletoe is not difficult to propagate by sticking
the berries on thorn or apple trees, after a little of the outer
bark has been cut off, and tying a shred of mat over them, to
protect them from the birds.
White- berried or Common Mistletoe. FI. May. Britain.
Shrub par.
2 V. stella' tum (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 142.)
much branched ; branches whorled, terete; leaves oblong, ob-
tuse, attenuated at the base, 5-nerved beneath ; flowers terminal,
sessile, 3-5-together in a cluster. Tj . P. H. Native of Upper
Nipaul, at Suembu, parasitical on trees. Habit of V. album.
Nerves of leaves acutely prominent on the under surface, but
line-formed on the upper surface. The branches are more likely
dichotomous or trichotomous than verticillate.
Starry Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
3 V. orienta'le (Willd. spec. 4. p. 737.) branches terete ;
leaves oblong, obtuse, attenuated at the base, 3-nerved ; pe-
duncles axillary, usually 3-flowered. T? . P. S. Native of the
East Indies (ex Wall.), and of Java, on the mountains (ex Blum,
bijdr. 666.), and of Palestine upon olive trees, ex Sieb. pi. exsic.
pal. Leaves 15-18 lines long, but in the Palestine specimens
20-23 lines long. Berries purple, ex Wall. Perhaps the Indian
plant is the same as the Palestine one.
Eastern Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
4 V. Heynea'num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 278.) branches terete ;
branchlets rather compressed ; leaves ovate, acute at both ends,
quintuple-nerved ; peduncles axillary, aggregate, 3-flowered.
V} . P. S. Native of the East Indies, where it was collected by
Heyne. V. orientale, Heyne, herb, ex Wall, and probably of
Willd. The form of the leaves is truly different from the Pa-
lestine form of V. orientale, but more of the figure of those of
V. monoicum.
Heyne' s Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
5 V. monoicum (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 105.) branches terete,
jointed : branchlets striated ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated
at both ends, 5-nerved : the 2 lateral nerves hardly conspicuous :
fascicles axillary, very short, few-flowered, somewhat spicate.
Tj . P. S. Native of the East Indies, at Sunderbund.
Monoecious Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
6 V. falca'tum (Wall. cat. no. 492.) branches terete; leaves
elliptic-ohlong, acuminated, rather falcate, acute at the base, 5-
nerved ; fascicles of flowers axillary, aggregate, sessile, usually
with only 3 flowers in each cluster. \ . P. S. Native of the
East Indies, on the Pundua mountains. Leaves 24-27 lines long,
and 9-10 broad. Flowers very small.
Falcate- leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
7 V. ovalifolium (Wall. cat. no. 489.) branches terete ; leaves
oval, obtuse, 5-nerved, narrowed into the short petioles at the
base; flowers some of them in axillary sessile fascicles, and others
are opposite, and somewhat verticillate, along an axillary rachis,
disposed in an interrupted spike. f? . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, in the island of Penang. Leaves 3 inches long, and 1^
broad. Rachis not articulated. Berry oval.
Oval-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
8 V. obtusa'tum (Wall, cat.no. 494.) branches terete; leaves
oval, obtuse, sotnewdiat cuneated, 5-nerved ; flowers axillary,
1-3- together, almost sessile. ^ . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, in the kingdom of Ava, on Mount Taong-Dong. Leaves
30 lines long, and 15 lines broad. Flowers small. Berries
oval. Lateral nerves of leaves slender.
Bluntish- leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
9 V. heteea'nthum (Wall. cat. no. 488.) branches angular,
at length terete ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, cuneated at the base,
5-nerved beneath ; peduncles axillary, 2-5-together, equal in
length to the petioles, capitate at the apex, 5-6-flowered, bear-
ing 3-5 involucrate bracteas. Ij . P. S. Native of Nipaul.
Berries ovate-globose, solitary in each head, surrounded by the
small permanent bracteas. Flowers 5-cleft, one central, the
rest disposed in a whorl around the central one, all sessile on the
top of the common peduncle.
Variable-flowered Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
10 V. platypiiy'llum (Spreng. cur. post. 47.) branches alter-
nate, angular ; leaves alternate, ovate or obovate, petiolate,
attenuated at the base, nerved beneath ; umbellules usually of 4
flowers, dispersed, pedunculate, solitary or aggregate : involucels
5-cleft, permanent. Tj . P. G. Native of Nipaul, at Bimpedi.
V. latifolium, Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 142. but not
of others.
3 f 2
FIG. 73.
104
LORANTHACEyE. I. Viscum.
Broad-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
11 V. umbella'tum (Blum.bijdr. p. 666.) branches alternate,
angular while young ; leaves obovate, 3-nerved : lateral nerves
bifid ; umbellules pedunculate, axillary, crowded ; male flowers
pentandrous. Tj . P. S. Native of Java, on trees on Mount Salak.
Umbellate-flowered Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
12 V. capitella'tum (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. 37. no. 18.) stem
branched, rough to the touch ; leaves concave, obtuse ; pe-
duncles axillary ; berries capitate, oval. J? . P. S. Native of
Ceylon. Stems 3 inches high. Leaves an inch long, smooth,
thick, fleshy. Heads 4-5-flowered, and under each head there
are two thick bracteas.
Capitellatc- flowered Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
13 V. triflorum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 279.) branches angular
from numerous stripes ; leaves oval, bluntish, somewhat undu-
lated, and rather attenuated at the base, 3-nerved beneath ;
peduncles axillary, 3 times shorter than the leaves, about the
length of the berries, 3-flowered, and furnished with 3 bracteas
at the apex ; flowers 4-cleft, sessile among the bracteas ; berries
globose. 1? • l5, S. Native of the Mauritius. Leaves 6-7 lines
long, and 5 lines broad. Peduncles hardly 2 lines long. Flowers
1-2-together, sometimes sessile in the axils of the upper leaves.
This species is designated V. rotundifolium in Bory, voy. 1.
p. 320.
Three-Jlowcred Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
14 V. venosum (D. C. 1. c.) branches angularly striated;
leaves ovate or oval, obtuse, attenuated at the base, on short
petioles, 5-veined ; veins branched ; peduncles axillary, very
short, 2-3-flowered ; berries globose. F? . P. S. Native of the
Mauritius. V. Capense, Bory, voy. 1. p. 320. ? Plant becoming
blackish on drying.
Var. ji, lanceolatum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, some-
what acuminated. fj . P. S. Native along with the species.
Veiny-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
15 V rotundifolium (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 426.) stem and
branches hexagonal, articulated ; leaves sessile, roundish, acute ;
peduncles 3-flowered, short; bracteas minute, opposite. .
P. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on trees. Thunb.
fl. cap. 154.
Round-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
§ 2. Plants mtli true leaves. Flowers disposed in articulated
spikes ; the joints sheathed. — American species.
* Branches terete.
16 V. torulosum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 279.) much branched;
branches terete ; leaves roundish-ovate or elliptic, oblique,
rounded at the apex ; spikes axillary, of 2-3 joints ; flowers
immersed, in 4 row's. T? . P. S. Native of Quito, on trees near
Guayaquil. V. buxifolium, from South America, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 488. Loranthus torulosus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 443. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 156. Leaves 30-33 lines
long, and 16-20 broad, on petioles, which are 2-3 lines long.
Fructiferous spikes ll inch long. Flowers unknown
Zoru/oAe-spiked Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
17 V. trine'rvium (Lam. diet. 3. p. 57.) branches terete,
articulated, trichotomous ; leaves obovate, obtuse, narrowed at
the base, 3-nerved ; spikes dense, short, lateral ; berries round.
T? . P. S. Native of St. Domingo and Martinico. Plum. ed.
Burm. t. 258. f. 2. V. verticillatum, Lin. exclusive of the syn.
Browne, and Sloane. Berry copper-coloured, size of a grain of
pepper.
I hree-nerved- leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
18 V. buxifolium (Lam. diet. 3. p. 56.) branches terete, arti-
culated : joints short, thickish ; leaves obovate, obtuse, 1 -nerved,
sessile ; spikes axillary, solitary or twin, length of the leaves.
. P. S. Native of St. Domingo, in the district of Leogane.
Willd. spec. 4. p. 738. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 258. f. 3. There
are varieties with both white and purple berries.
Box-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
19 V. saururoides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 36.) branches terete;
leaves ovate, acute or acuminated, on very short petioles, beset
with dot-like tubercles beneath, having the middle nerve rather
prominent, and the lateral veins hardly perspicuous ; spikes axil-
lary, twin, shorter than the leaves, very slender. F? . P. S.
Native of Cayenne. V. latifolium, Lam. diet. 3. p. 57. but not
of Swartz, Don, nor Plum. V. racemosum, Aubl. guian. 2. p.
895.? Leaves 4 inches long, and 2\ broad, on petioles which
are a line long. Spikes an inch long, with bifid sheaths. Flowers
in 4, 3-flow'ered whorls between the sheaths.
Saururus-lihe Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
20 V. tereticau'le (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, smooth ;
leaves ovate, acute, nerveless, veinless, on very short petioles ;
spikes axillary, twin or solitary, shorter than the leaves ; female
flowers trifid. Fj . P. S. Native of Jamaica, on trees. V.
latifolium, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1798. but not of Lam. nor Don.
Var. ji, Cubense (D. C. 1. c.) leaves having the middle nerve
rather prominent, but with few veins in the dried state ; the
margins rather undulated. Tj . P. S. Native of Cuba. Lower
spikes 2-3. Perhaps the same as the Jamaica plant.
Terete-stemmed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
21 V. Martinice'nse (D. C. 1. c.) plant glabrous ; branches
terete ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 3-nerved, on very
short petioles, thick ; spikes axillary, solitary, 3 times shorter
than the leaves ; flowers 4 in a w'horl, between the sheaths in
each joint of the rachis of the spike. F? . P. S. Native of Mar-
tinico. Sieb. fl. mart. no. 227. Leaves 3 inches long, and an
inch broad, having the middle nerve rather prominent.
Martinico Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
22 V. flave'scens (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 114.) branches
terete, opposite, and verticillate ; leaves cuneate-obovate or lan-
ceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; spikes axillary, solitary, a little
shorter than the leaves, interrupted. \ . P. H. Native of
North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, and probably of
Louisiana, on oak trees. V. album, Walt. car. 241. Muhl. cat.
no. 91. V. verticillatum, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 235. Ell.
sketch. 2. p. 677. V. leucocarpum, Rafin. fl. lud. 79. Berries
white, diaphanous. Male flowers mostly trifid.
Yellowish Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
23 V. crassifolium (Pohl. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 280.)
branches terete ; leaves broad-oval, attenuated at both ends,
nerveless, on short petioles ; spikes axillary, twin or tern, 4-6 in
a whorl, 7 times shorter than the leaves, articulated : with trun-
cate sheaths, and short joints ; flowers disposed in 4 rows ;
berry ovate-globose, f? . P. S. Native of Brazil, where it was
collected by Pohl. Leaves 4 inches long, and 2-| broad. Spikes
6-8 lines long.
Thick-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
24 V. lei'tosta'chvum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 280.) branches
terete ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends, 3-nerved ;
spikes trichotomous, elongated, somewhat panicled, slender,
jointed : with cushion-shaped sheaths ; berries ovate-roundish,
not immersed. Fj . P. S. Native of St. Domingo, where it was
collected by Bertero. V. macrostachyum, ex Hispaniola, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 487. V. aphyllum baccis aureis, Plum. ed. Burm. t.
258. f. 1. and therefore V. opuntioides var. /3, Lam. diet. 3.
p. 56.
Slender-spiked Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
25 V. Perrotte'tii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 280.) branches terete ;
leaves lanceolate, obliquely falcate, bluntish at the apex, cuneated
at the base, 5-7-nerved : nerves branched a little ; spikes axil-
lary, solitary, opposite, one-half shorter than the leaves, jointed :
with bifid sheaths, f? . P. S. Native of French Guiana. Leaves
LORANTHACE/E. I. Viscum.
405
5-6 inches long and 1^- broad. Spikes 2 inches long, erect, con-
stantly of 5 joints. Flowers in 6 rows, many of which are
abortive. Immature berries nearly globose, half immersed.
Perrottet's Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
26 V. braciiysta'chyum (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete; leaves
oblong, obtuse, attenuated at the base, finely 5-nerved ; spikes
axillary, solitary, opposite, sessile, ovate, few-flowered ; berries
ovate-globose, . P. S. Native of Mexico, between Tampico
and Real del Monte, where it was collected by Berlandier.
Leaves 12-15 lines long, and 3-4 broad. Spikes 3-4 lines long.
Short-spiked Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
27 V. ru'brum (Lin. spec. 1451.) stems terete, simple;
leaves oblong, obtuse, tapering into the petiole at the base ;
spikes axillary, one-half shorter than the leaves, somewhat in-
terrupted ; flowers tripartite ; berries globose. V) . P. S. Na-
tive of the Bahama Islands, parasitical upon mahogany and
other trees. Berries red. Leaves opposite, of a shining green
colour.
i?ed-berried Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
28 V. Berteria'num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.) branches terete,
dichotomous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends,
acute at the base, on very short petioles, having the middle
nerve rather distinct, and with 2 rather oblique veins rising
from the middle ; spikes axillary, solitary, opposite, one-half
shorter than the leaves, jointed, with bifid sheaths. Ij . P. S.
Native of St. Domingo. V. dichotomum, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
448. exclusive of the synonymes, but not of D. Don. Leaves
3 inches long, and an inch broad. Spikes 1-2 inches long.
Berries globose. Flowers disposed in 4 rows on the spikes.
Bertero's Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
29 V. Schottii (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.)
branches terete ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both
ends, and somewhat acuminated, having the middle nerve rather
distinct, but the rest of the leaf veinless ; racemes axillary, soli-
tary or twin, opposite or verticillate, 2 or 3 times shorter than
the leaves, articulated : with trifid sheaths ; berries ovate ; flowers
trifid. J? . P. S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by
Schott. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 8-9 lines broad. Spikes
9-12 lines long. Allied to V. Berteridnum.
Schott's Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
30 V. macrosta'chyum (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 109. t. 5. f. 3.)
branches terete ; leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly sessile, obtuse,
veinless; spikes axillary, solitary, filiform, much longer than the
leaves, articulated : with bowl-shaped sheaths ; corolla tripartite.
Jj . P. S. Native of Martinico and Trinidad, on trees. Sieb.
fl. trin. no. 357. Spikes 3-6 inches long; ultimate ones sub-
panicled. Flowers small. Leaves an inch long, and 3 lines
broad.
Long-spiked Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
31 V. fa'lcifrons (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 356.)
branches terete, but when young compressed ; leaves narrow-
lanceolate, bluntish, recurvedly falcate, tapering into the petiole
at the base, obscurely 3-5 veined ; spikes axillary, solitary, op-
posite, almost one-half shorter than the leaves ; sheaths of spikes
truncate. J? . P. S. Native of Brazil, upon laurels by the
river Uraguay. The sheaths of the spikes are here formed of 2
opposite and equal portions, which are truncate at the apex. In
V. Liga they are keeled on the back, and acute at the ex-
tremity.
Sickle-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
32 V. piperoi'des (D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.) plant pendulous,
dichotomous, much branched ; branches terete, articulated :
joints bidentate at the apex ; leaves oblong, narrowed at the
apex, and obtuse, somewhat ensiform ; spikes 2-3, axillary, arti-
culated ; flowers in 4 series, somewhat immersed in the rachis.
I? . P- S. Native of South America, near Carthagena and Po-
payan. V. dichotomum, var. ex Amer. austr. Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 488. Loranthus piperoides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
3. p. 443. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 156. Leaves 3 inches long,
12-14 lines broad, on petioles 2 lines long. Fruit bearing spikes
an inch long. Flowers unknown.
Pepper-like Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
33 V. angustifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.) much branched ;
branches terete, in w'horles ; leaves petiolate. linear-lanceolate,
somewhat ensiform, narrowed at the apex and obtuse ; spikes
1-3-together, axillary, articulated; flowers in 4 series, immersed
in the rachis. . P. S. Native of Peru, in the temperate
regions of the Andes, between Ollera and Mount Aipate. Leaves
4-5 inches long, and half an inch broad ; petioles 3-4 lines long.
Spikes 12-18 inches long. Flowers unknown. V. stenophyl-
lum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 487. Loranthus piperoides, fl. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 442. Schultes, syst. 7. p.
155.
Narrow-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
34 V. affine (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.)
branchlets rather tetragonal ; branches terete ; leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the base, finely 5-nerved ; spikes
axillary, solitary or twin, twice or thrice longer than the leaves,
articulated : with small sheaths ; berries ovate, exserted. 1? . P.
S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Leaves
nearly 2 inches long, and 3-4 lines broad. Spikes 9-10 lines
long.
Allied Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
35 V. Liga (Gill. mss. ex Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 355.)
branches terete, while young compressed ; leaves straight, linear-
oblong, obtuse, hardly apiculated, attenuated at the base, 3-
nerved, somewhat feather-veined in the middle ; spikes solitary,
axillary, opposite, 2 or 3 times shorter than the leaves ; sheaths
of spikes keeled, acute ; berries ovate, exserted. J? . P. G.
Native of Chili, on trees near Los Cerillos de San Juan, w’heve it
is called Liga by the natives. This species seems very nearly
allied to V. affine, Pohl.
Liga Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
36 V. ensifolium (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.)
branches terete ; leaves linear-oblong, acuminated at both ends,
petiolate, finely 3-5-nerved at the base ; spikes axillary or ter-
minal, many, verticillate, articulated, length of the petioles: with
the sheaths bifid ; flowers in 6 rows ; berries globose. 1? . P. S.
Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Leaves coria-
ceous, 6-7 inches long, and 8-9 lines broad ; petioles 8 lines
long.
Sword-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
37 V. velutinum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 281) branches terete,
velvety from short down ; leaves linear-oblong, attenuated at
both ends and acute, 3-5-nerved at the base, rather velvety
when young, but glabrous in the adult state ; spikes axillary,
solitary or twin, 3 times shorter than the leaves, articulated:
with bifid ciliated sheaths; berries in 4 ? rows. 1?. P. G.
Native of Mexico, 'in the valley of Tolucca, where it was col-
lected by Berlandier. Leaves 4 inches long, and 6 lines broad.
Spikes 9-15 lines long. The plate in Catesb. car. t. 81. lower
figure, agrees pretty well with the present species.
Velvety Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
38 V. tomentosum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 670.) branches terete,
while young rather compressed ; leaves obovate, obtuse, a little
attenuated at the base, clothed with velvety, somewhat deciduous
tomentum on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets ; spikes
axillary, interruptedly articulated, solitary or twin, rather
shorter than the leaves : with small nearly entire sheaths. J? . P.
S. Native of Mexico, in the plains at Real de Ratone, beyond
the range of Mimosas, where it was collected by Berlandier.
Tomenlose Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
106
LORANTHACEjE. I. Viscum.
* * Branchlets 2-edged or compressed , but at length becoming
terete.
39 V. interru'ptum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 282.) branches com-
pressed while young, but at length becoming terete ; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the base, petiolate, almost
nerveless, with 3-5 fine veins; spikes axillary, 1-2: with the
sheaths rather truncate at the apex : joints naked at the base, and
fructiferous at the apex. T? . P. S. Native of Brazil, where it
was collected by Pohl. V. lanceolato-elhpticum, Pohl, in litt.
Leaves 4 inches long, and 8-10 lines broad. Petioles 4 lines
long. Spikes lg inch long, interrupted, constantly of 3-4 joints.
Perhaps sufficiently distinct from V. rhbruni.
Interrupted-spiked Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
40 V. a'nceps (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 487.) branches 2-edged,
but in the adult state they are nearly terete ; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the base, having 3 veins rising
from the base ; spikes axillary, opposite, one-half or more
shorter than the leaves. Tj . P. S. Native of Porto-Rico and
Hispaniola, where it was collected by Bertero. Leaves 3-4
inches long, and 9 lines broad ; petioles 4 lines long. Spikes an
inch long or a little more.
7Vi’0-«/g-ec/-branched Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
41 V. hexa'stichum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 282.) branches 2-
edged, but at length becoming nearly terete ; leaves elliptic,
tapering at both ends, bluntish at the apex, and acute at the
base, petiolate, feather-nerved ; spikes axillary, solitary, oppo-
site, articulated : with the sheaths truncate ; berries globosely
depressed, disposed in 6 rows. . P. S. Native of the island
of Cuba, near Havannah. Leaves coriaceous, 3 inches long, and
about 15-16 lines broad; petioles 4 lines long. This species is
very like V. Perrottetii.
Six-ranked Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
42 V. undula'tum (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 282.)
branchlets 2-edged ; branches terete ; leaves oval or oblong,
tapering at the base, and bluntish at the apex, undulated, thick-
ish, having the middle nerve rather tumid, and the rest of the
leaf veinless; spikes axillary, twin, articulated, 3 times shorter
than the leaves : having the sheaths rather truncate, and the
joints short. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected
by Pohl.
Undulated- leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
43 V. macrophy'llum (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 488.) branches
nearly terete ; branchlets compressed at the apex ; leaves
broadly ovate or oval, petiolate, with the middle nerve rather
thick, and the lateral veins perspicuous ; spikes 2-4 from each
axil, one-half shorter than the leaves, somewhat tetragonal ;
berries ovate, half immersed. ^ . P. S. Native of the West
India Islands, as of St. Domingo (Plum. ed. Burm. t. 258. f. 4.),
and Porto-Rico (Bertero). Leaves 6 inches long, and 3^ broad;
petioles 6-8 lines long. Spikes 2-J inches long, interrupted.
Fruit disposed in 4 rows on the spike, and each row composed
of 4 berries. Sheaths of spike truncate.
Long-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
44 V. Schiedea'num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 670.) trunk terete ;
branches 2-edged, dilated under the forks ; leaves fleshy, 3-5-
nerved, falcate, obtuse : female spikes 1-3-together, axillary ;
flowers 6 in a whorl. Tj . P. G. Native of Mexico, on trees
near Jalapa. Fruit a little smaller than hemp seed. V. falca-
tum, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 172. but not of Wall.
Schiede’s Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
45 V. fla'vens (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 266.) branches
2-edged, at length terete ; leaves ovate, somewhat attenuated at
the apex, obtuse, 5-nerved at the base, on very short petioles ;
spikes axillary, tw in or tern, 3 times shorter than the leaves, arti-
culated ; berries ovate, f; . P. S. Native of Jamaica (Swartz),
1
and Porto-Rico (Bertero), on the branches of trees. The figure
of Plumier, cited for this plant by several authors, has here been
omitted in consequence of the leaves in the figure being feather-
nerved, and not 5-nerved at the base, as in this species.
Yellowish Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
* * * Branches and branchlets tetragonal.
46 V. tetragonum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 282.) branches oppo-
site, and are, as well as the branchlets, tetragonal ; leaves ellip-
tic-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, and obtuse at the apex,
3-nerved or 5-nerved, the 2 lateral nerves being hardly evident ;
spikes axillary, solitary, 3 or 4 times shorter than the leaves.
I? . P. S. Native of Porto-Rico and Guadaloupe, on trees by
the sea side. V. angustifolium, Spreng. syst. 1. p.487.? V.
myrtilloides and Loranthus sessilis, Spreng. in herb. Balb.
Leaves 12-16 lines long, and 5-8 lines broad ; petioles a line
long. Spikes 2-3 lines long. Perhaps the same as V. myrtil-
loides, Willd. spec. 4. p. 739. ?
Tetragonal-bronched Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
47 V. mucrona'tum (D. C. 1. c.) branches tetragonal, 2-edged
while young, but nearly terete in the adult state ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, attenuated at the base, obtuse, and mucronate at the
apex, having the middle nerve and one on each side of it dis-
tinct ; spikes axillary, solitary, 4 times shorter than the leaves.
• P. S. Native of St. Domingo. V. myrtilloides, Spreng. in
herb. Balb., and hence it is the V. myrtilloides from Hispaniola
of Spreng. syst. 1. p. 488. Leaves nearly an inch long, and 4
lines broad ; petioles 1-2 lines long. Spikes 2-3 lines long.
Mucronate-\e&ved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
48 V. pennive' nium (D. C. 1. c.) branches tetragonal, nearly
terete ; leaves somewhat alternate, oval on short petioles, ob-
tuse : having the middle nerve rather prominent beneath, and
with the lateral veins pinnate and branched, hardly perspicuous
above ; spikes axillary, solitary, one half shorter than the leaves;
berries oblong. T? • P. S. Native of French Guiana.
Feather-veined Mistletoe. Shrub par.
49 V. Kunthia'num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 283.) plant mucli
branched ; branches tetragonal, articulated ; leaves nearly ses-
sile, obliquely oblong, 3-5-nerved, rounded at the apex and
cuneated at the base ; spikes axillary, 2-3 together, articulated ;
berries globose, immersed in the rachis. 1? . P. S. Native of
Quito, near Guayaquil, on trees. Leaves 18-24 lines long, and
7-9 lines broad. Spikes nearly an inch long. V. trinervium,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 488. exclusive of the syn. of Lam. Loran-
thus viscifolius, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 443.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 156.
Kunth’’ s Mistletoe. Shruhpar.
50 V. quadrangula're (D. C. prod. 4. p. 283.) plant much
branched ; branches tetragonal, almost winged ; leaves lanceo-
late-oblong, obtuse, almost ensiform, 5-nerved ; spikes axillary,
twin ? articulated ; berries globose, disposed in 4 series, sessile.
Jj . P. S. Native of the temperate parts of New Granada,
parasitical on Guazuma. V. rubrum, var. from New Granada.
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 488. Loranthus quadrangularis, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 444. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 156.
Leaves 24-27 lines long, and 6-7 broad; petioles a line long.
Fruit bearing spikes an inch and a half long.
Quadrangular-stemmed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
51 V. oblongifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 283.) branches te-
tragonal ; leaves oblong, obtuse, attenuated at the base, nearly
nerveless, or somewhat 1 -nerved at the base; spikesaxillary,
solitary, 2 or 3 times shorter than the leaves. I? . P. S. Native
of Guadaloupe, on the mountains. Allied to V. tetragonum
and U. mucronatum, but differs in the leaves being longer and
nerveless. Leaves 12-14 lines long and 3-4 broad. Fruit
bearing spikes an inch and a half long.
L0RANTHACE7E. I. Viscum.
407
Oblong-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub par.
52 V. microphy'llum (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 283.)
branches tetragonal, when young rather compressed, but in the
adult state nearly terete ; leave.; linear-oblong, obtuse, attenu-
ated at the base, nerveless ; spikes axillary, solitary, much
shorter than the leaves, articulated : with small sheaths, and
short, usually 4-flowered joints. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil,
where it was collected by Schott. Leaves an inch long and 2
lines broad. Spikes 3 lines long, constantly of 3-4 joints.
Small-leaved Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
§ 3. Plants without leaves. Branches articulated.
53 V. Cape'nse (Lin. fil. suppl. p.426.) plant leafless; stems
bluntly tetragonal, much branched, articulated ; branches decus-
sate ; flowers usually 6 in a whorl, sessile: female ones 4-
parted ; berry globose. Tj . P. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, parasitical on some species of Rhus. Male flowers 2-4-
cleft. Thunb. prod. p. 31. fl. cap. p. 154. Razomowskia
Capensis, hort. mosc. In the racemes of a plant under this
name, collected by Mr. Burchell, the branches are terete, it is
therefore perhaps a distinct species.
Cape Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
54 V. angula'tum (Heyne, herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 497. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 283.) plant leafless ; branches angular, tetragonal,
articulated; flowers unknown. Tj . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, where it was collected by Heyne. From the imperfect
specimens examined, it appears to be very distinct from the other
species of this genus, but it is hardly known.
^wgwiar-branched Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
55 V. ambi'guum (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 356.)
plant leafless ; branches terete, without joints and without
sheaths ; spikes alternate towards the tops of the branches,
oblong-linear, without sheaths ; flowers sessile, a little longer
than the concave obtuse scales. I? . P. G. Native of Brazil,
upon myrtles by the river Uraguay. The two lateral petals
are carinate, and the dorsal one nearly plain. In Viscum the
margin of the calyx in the female flowers is usually conspicuous,
hut in this species it is so entirely wanting, as almost to induce
a belief that the 3 petals, which are apparently of the same
texture as the tube of the calyx, form its limb ; and if this
really were so, it ought to form a genus next to Tupeia, Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 203., which seems in the same pre-
dicament.
Ambiguous Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
56 V. t^enici'des (Comm, ex Pet. Th. mel. obs. p. 43.) plant
leafless, much branched ; stem and branches compressed, arti-
culated, linear*oblong ; sheaths truncate ; flowers sessile, 2 op-
posite or 4 in a whorl, situated in the axils of the sheaths. T? .
P. S. Native of the Mauritius and Bourbon. Joints 3 lines
long, and a line broad, but not striated. Flowers small. Plant
becoming wholly black in drying. Habit almost of Salicornia.
Wreath Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
57 V. Japonicum (Thunb. ex Steud. D. C. prod. 4. p. 283.)
plant leafless ; stem proliferous, branched, compressed. Pj .P. G.
Native of Japan. V. opuntia, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 64. V. opuntioides,
var.Spreng. syst. 1. p. 487. Perhaps the same as V. dichotomum.
Japan Mistletoe. Shrub par.
58 V. dichotomum (Hatnilt. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 147. but
not of Spreng.) plant leafless ; branches compressed, articulated ;
joints oval-oblong, striated lengthwise, 5 times longer than its
breadth ; flowers by threes, sessile at the tops of the joints or
branches. 1? . P. G. Native of Nipaul, about Narain-hetty.
V. Nepalense, Spreng. cur. post. Bractea membranous, cu-
pular, under the fruit, which is oval. Branches usually op-
posite, hence dichotomous.
Dichotomous Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
59 V. elonga'tum (Wall. cat. no. 495. D. C. prod. 4. p.
284.) plant leafless; branches compressed, articulated: joints
linear-oblong, somewhat attenuated at the base, 7 times longer
than their breadth ; fascicles of flowers somewhat verticillate,
sessile, containing 1-3 flowers each, placed at the tops of the
joints. • P- S. Native of the East Indies, on the Pandua
mountains, in Silhet. Joints 20-22 lines long, and 3 lines broad.
Branchlets usually opposite.
Elongated Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
60 V. fra'gile (Wall. cat. no. 498. D. C. prod. 4. p. 284.)
plant leafless ; branches compressed, articulated ; joints linear-
oblong, striated a little, thickish in the middle, six times longer
than their breadth ; fascicles of flowers opposite, sessile, contain-
ing 1-3 flowers, placed at the tops of the branches. Ij . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Martaban and Tavoy. Branchlets
usually opposite. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from V. dicho-
tomum.
Brittle Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
61 V. attenua'tum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.) plant leafless ;
branches compressed, articulated; joints gradually attenuated
both at the base and apex, linear-cuneated, somewhat striated,
sometimes longer than their breadth ; fascicles of flowers at the
tops of the joints opposite, sessile, containing each 3-5 flowers.
• P. S. Native of the East Indies, where it was collected by
Heyne. V. opuntioides, Heyne, herb. Branches usually in
whorles, or somewhat dichotomous.
Attenuated- jointed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
62 V. articula'tum (Burm. fl. ind. p. 311.) plant leafless;
branches compressed, articulated ; joints elongated, striated a
little, 10 times longer than broad; fascicles of flowers at the
tops of the branches opposite, sessile, containing 1-3 flowers,
f? . P. S. Native of Java, parasitical upon some species of An-
nona. Joints of branches an inch long, and a line or a little
more in breadth. Stems nearly terete at the base.
Var. j3, Timoriense (D. C. prod. 4. p. 281.) branches nearly
herbaceous ; ultimate joints of branches acute at the apex, b .
P. S. Native of Timor. Perhaps the same as V. compression,
Poir. suppl. 2. p. 861., which was collected in Amboyna. The
berry, according to Poir, is small and yellow.
Jointed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
63 V. moniliforme (Blum, bijdr. p. 667.) plant leafless ;
stems terete at the base ; branches 2-edged, articulated ; joints
naked ; flowers in whorles, sessile. I? . P. S. Native of Java,
on trees about Buitenzorg, very common, and is called by the
natives Mengando along with other species.
Necklace- formed Misseltoe. Shrub parasitical.
64 V. tuna:f6rme (D. C. prod. 4. p. 284.) plant leafless ;
branches compressed, articulated, trichotomous, elongated; joints
of branches 4 times longer than broad, striated lengthwise ;
flowers nearly sessile, by threes at the tops of the joints.
B . S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. P.
articulatum, Pohl, in litt. but not of Burm. Allied to V. dicho-
tomum, but differs in the joints being longer, branches much less
branched, branchlets elongated, and the flowers not in whorles.
Tuna-formed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
65 V. opuntioides (Lin. spec. 1452.) plant leafless ; branches
compressed, articulated ; joints broadly ovate ; spikes jointed, at
the tops of the branches or articulations, bearing 2 rows of op-
posite flowers, and margined by a membrane. fj . P. S. Na-
tive of Jamaica. Sloane, hist. jam. 2. p. 93. t. 201. f. 1. V.
monstrosum, Bertero, ined. V. opuntioides, Willd. spec. 4. p.
740. exclusive of the synonyme of Plumier. Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 487. exclusive of the Japan plant. Berries like those of the
common misseltoe.
Var. (i. angustius (D. C. prod. 4. p. 284.) joints oblong,
somewhat attenuated at the base. ^ . P. S. Native of Jamaica.
408
LORANTHACEjE. I. Viscum.
II. Arceuthobium. III. Misodendron.
Berries oval-oblong ; flowers 3-cleft. Perhaps the present
variety is the female plant, and that called the species the male.
Indian-fig-like Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
66 V. vagina'tum (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. spec. 4. p.
740.) plant leafless ; stem tetragonal ; branches teretely com-
pressed ; joints hearing sheaths, which are bidentate at the
apex ; flowers 2, opposite, sessile in the recess of the sheath.
Tj . P. S. Native of Mexico, in pine woods, on the high moun-
tain called Cofre de Perote. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 445.
Sheathed Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
67 V. cupula'tum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 285.) plant leafless;
stem tetragonal ; branches compressed ; sterile joints elongated :
fertile ones very short, usually bearing 2 fruit each ; sheaths
very short ; flowers spicate, sessile, opposite ; bractea cupulate,
membranous, orbicular under each berry ; berries ovate. f; .
P. S. Native of St. Domingo, where it was collected by Ber-
tero. V. vaginatum ex Hispaniola, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 447.
C’wpt . P- G. Native of Chili, at Conception.
Chili Mistletoe. Shrub parasitical.
j" Species not sufficiently known.
71 V.? furpu'reum (Lin. spec. 1451.) branches terete;
leaves obovate, obtuse, petiolate ; racemes axillary, a little
longer than the leaves ; flowers opposite, distant, 3-6 pairs ; ber-
ries obovate, on short pedicels, terminated by the long style.
Tj . P. G. Native of the Bahama Islands, parasitical upon Hip-
jwmane Mancenilla. Catesb. carol. 2. p. 95. t. 95. lower figure.
Perhaps a species of Loranlhus.
Purple Mistletoe. Shrub par.
72 V. verticilla'tum (Lam. diet. 3. p. 57.) stem terete,
striated ; branches verticillate, terete. \ . P. S. Native of
Jamaica, parasitical on the branches of trees. Sloane, jam. hist.
2. p. 93. t. 201. f. 2. Perhaps a species of Rhipsalis.
Whorled- branched Mistletoe. Shrub par.
73 V. pauciflorum (Lin. fil. suppl. 246.) stem striated ;
branches alternate ; leaves alternate, sessile, oblong ; flowers
scattered, solitary, on short peduncles. fj . P. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. From the leaves being alternate, this
is perhaps a true species of Viscum.
Few-Jlowered Mistletoe. Shrub.
74 V. obscu'rum (Tliunb. prod. p. 31. fl. cap. p. 154.) stem
erect, wrinkled; brandies alternate; leaves opposite, elliptic,
veinless, unequal. Tj . P. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers and fruit unknown.
Obscure Mistletoe. Shrub.
75 V. anta'rcticum (Forst. prod. no. 370.) branches un-
known ; leaves oblong or ovate, narrowed at both ends, obtuse,
nerveless ; racemes terminal, articulated, usually containing 5
flowers. Ij • P- G. Native of New Zealand, parasitical on trees.
Willd. spec. 4. p. 39.
Antarctic Mistletoe. Shrub par.
76 V. Kcempfe'ri (D.C. prod. 4. p. 285.) Ij . P. G. Native
of Japan, at Mikawaksei, Kcempf. am. ex. 785. where it is
called Garni Maatz. V. album, Tliunb jap. p. 64. but it differs
from V. album in the spikes being axillary, in the berries being
reddish, and in the leaves being 1 -nerved.
Kcempf er' s Mistletoe. Shrub par.
N. B. V. ru'brum, Burm. fl. ind. 311. is certainly not a
species of Viscum, but perhaps one of Hedera. V. capilla're
and V. ligula'tum, Blum, bijdr. 667. are species of Psilutis.
V. terres'tre, Lin. spec. 1452. is Lysimachia stricta. V. fla-
ve'scens, Comm, is Misodendron punctulatum.
Cult. None of the species of Mistletoe are cultivable in gar-
dens, except the common Mistletoe, whose culture and propa-
gation are treated of under that species.
II. ARCEUTHOBIUM (from apKevOoe, arkeuthos, the juni-
per, and (iiou >, bioo, to live ; in reference to the plant being para-
sitical on Juniperus Oxycedrus ). Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 629.
Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 277. — Viscum species, D. C. fl. fr.
ed. 3. no. 3400.
Lin. syst. Dioecia, Di-Tetrdndria. Flowers dioecious. Male
ones sessile ; calyx none ; corolla monopetalous, 2-3, rarely
4-parted, tough, and fleshy : segments ovate, concave, spread-
ing ; stamens 2-3-4 ; anthers sessile, fixed in the middle of the
segments, free, nearly globose, 1 -celled, membranous, dehiscing
transversely ; ovarium none, but in its stead there is a small
2-3-4-lobed gland. Female flowers on short pedicels ; calyx
oval, compressed, fleshy, bidentate, almost covering the ovarium,
which is one ovulate, and adnate to it ; corolla, style, and sta-
mens none ; stigma small, obscurely lobed. Berries narrow, ob-
ovate, terete, 1 -seeded, on short pedicels. Seed immersed in
viscid pellucid pulp, fixed to the upper part of the cell, pendant,
obovately cylindrical, acuminated at the base ; integument thin ;
albumen fleshy. Embryo immersed, slender, cylindrical, placed
towards the base of the seed; radical turned to the hilum of the
seed. — A small, leafless, rather fleshy, proliferous branched
shrub, parasitical on resiniferous trees, in Middle Europe and
North America ; branches opposite, bluntly tetragonal, articu-
lated in the manner of Salicornia ; joints sheathing above, and
somewhat pelviform. Flowers terminal and lateral, usually by
threes, small, and conspicuous.
1 A. Oxyce'dri (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 629. Hook. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 278. t. 99.) T? . P. H. Native from Spain, near Les-
curial, to Iberia, near Tiflis and Gandscha, on Juniperus Oxyce-
drus ; and of North America, on the west side of the Rocky
Mountains, on Pinus ponderosa ; and from the Spoken River to
the west side of the Rocky Mountains, on Pinus Banksiana, in
lat. 47°, to the Rocky Mountains and thence to Hudson’s Bay
on the east, in lat. 57°. In America the female plants grow on
Pinus Banksiana, and the male ones on Pinus ponderosa. Razou-
mowskia Caucasica, Hoffin. hort. mosq. 1808. intr. no. 1. f. 1.
Viscum Oxycedri, D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 3400. Stev. soc. mosq.
4. p. 71. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 406. — Viscum in Oxycedro, Clus.
hist. 1. p. 39. Lob. icon. 2. p. 2 23. f. 2. This is a very sin-
gular parasitical plant. The American plants become yellowish
when dried, and the European ones become blackish-green.
Red-cedar Arceuthobium. Shrub par.
Cult. This curious plant is not cultivable, unless the trees or
shrubs on which it grows could be imported with the plant
growing upon them.
III. MISODE'NDRON (from fuooQ, misos, disdain, and
Sercpor, dendron, a tree ; trees with neither appearance nor
beauty). Banks, ined. D. C. coll. mem. 6. no. 2. t. 11 and 12.
prod. 4. p. 285.
LORANTHACEiE. III. Misodendron. IV. Loranthus. V. Struthantiius.
409
Lin. syst. Dioecia, Tetrandria ? Flowers dioecious ; male
ones unknown ; female ones having the tube of the calyx adnate
to the ovarium, and furnished with 3 long plumose bristles on the
outside, alternating with 3 bracteas, which are adnate to the
calyx ; limb of calyx minute, truncate. Fruit an oblong trique-
trous indehiscent utriculus, crowned by the permanent limb of
the calyx. Seed one ; albumen fleshy. — Small smooth parasi-
tical shrubs, with the habit of Viscum.
§ 1. Plant leafless.
1 M. punctula'tum (Banks, mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 286.)
plant leafless ; branches terete, rugged from dots ; bracteas
alternate along the branches, half stem-clasping, ovate, obtuse ;
flowers 1-2, sessile in the axils of the bracteas. 1? . P. S. Na-
tive of America, on trees. D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 11.
Var. a, MagelUinicum. 1?. P. H.. Native of the Straits of
Magellan. Viscum flaveseens, Comm. herb.
Var. (1, subumbelldtum. Tj • P- G. Native of the north-west
coast of America, in Statenland. It differs from var. a in the
branches being thicker and somewhat umbellate.
Dotted- branched Misodendron. Shrub par.
§ 2. Plants furnished with leaves. Branches alternate , bear-
ing each one articulated leaf at the apex.
2 M. brachysta'chyum (D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 12. f. 1.)
branches alternate, bearing each an obovate or oval obtuse leaf
at the apex ; spiklets few-flowered, bractless, rising from the
branchlets beneath the leaves ; fruit ovate. . P. H. Native
of the north-west coast of America, in Statenland. Leaves 3-5
lines long, and 2-3 broad, flat, nefveless. Flowers and fruit not
sufficiently known, and therefore the genus is doubtful.
Short-spiked Misodendron. Shrub par.
3 M.? quadriflorum (D. C. coll. mem. iv. t. 12. f. 2.)
branchlets alternate, each bearing an oblong-obovate subserru-
lated leaf at the apex, and 4 sessile unilateral flowers on the
upper side. fj . P. H. Native of North America, in Staten-
land. This is very like the preceding species in habit, but differs
in the flowers and fruit being unilateral. Calyx triquetrous,
dehiscing at the sides.
Four -flowered Misodendron. Shrub par.
§ 3. Plants furnished with leaves. Leaves alternate. Branches
floriferous at the apex.
4 M. oblongi folium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 671 .) branches clothed
with fine velvety down ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, cuneated at
the base, 3-nerved, glabrous ; spikes bearing each one leaf at the
base, conforming to the others. 1? . P. G. Native of Chili
(Bertero), and of Chiloe (Cuming). Genus novum, no. 1.
Pocpp. pi. exsic. no. 813. Flowers bractless, with 8-10 distant
ones in each spike.
Oblong-leaved Misodendron. Shrub par.
5 M. lin e arifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 671.) plant glabrous;
leaves linear, acute ; flowers sessile, solitary at the axils of the
leaves in the flowering branches. 1? . P. G. Native of Chili,
where it was collected by Poeppig. Genus novum, no. 2. Poepp.
pi. exsic. no. 800.
Linear-leaved Misodendron. Shrub par.
6 M. microphy'llum (Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 357.)
leaves minute, linear ; flowers sessile, solitary at the axils of the
leaves ; branches pubescent, . P. G. Native of Chili, in
the province of Maule. Closely allied, but apparently quite dis-
tinct from the preceding species.
Small-leaved Misodendron. Shrub par.
Cult. These are singular shrubs, similar to the Mistletoe,
but are not cultivable in gardens.
vol. hi.
IV. LORA'NTHUS (from lorum, a lash made of leather, and
avOog, anthos, a flower; alluding to the long linear shape and
leathery substance of the petals). Mart, in D. C. prod. 4. p.
671. — Loranthus species of Lin. and others.
Lin. syst. Penta-Hexdndria,Monogynia. Flowers dioecious or
hermaphrodite. Calyx cup-shaped, adnate, with an entire border.
Petals 5-6 (f. 74. a. d.), linear, reflexed. Stamens inserted into
the middle of the petals ; filaments short ; anthers globose, didy-
mous, having the cells dehiscing in front towards the connecting
part. Style thickish ; stigma simple. Berry globose (f. 74. e.),
umbilicate by the calyx, 1-celled, 1-seeded as in the rest of the
genera, broken off from the present. — Parasitical shrubs. Spikes
axillary and terminal, simple. Flowers immersed in the fleshy
rachis, each propped by a somewhat orbicular bractea at the base.
1 L. Europe' us (Lin. spec. 1672.) plant glabrous, much
branched ; branches terete ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oval-ob-
long, obtuse, somewhat attenu-
ated at the base ; racemes ter-
minal, simple ; flowers dioecious,
of 6 petals ; anthers adnate in
the male flowers. J? . P. H.
Native of Austria, Hungary,
Italy, and Upper Siberia, parasi-
tical on oak and sweet-chestnut
trees. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 30.
Schkuhr, handb. t. 94. Sturm,
fl. germ, with a figure. Plench.
icon. t. 248. Habit of Viscum
album. Flowers greenish. Ber-
ries oval, white or yellowish.
This is the Viscum or Mistletoe
of the ancients.
European Loranthus. Shrub
par.
2 L. odora'tus (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 215.) glabrous;
branches terete ; leaves nearly opposite, ovate-lanceolate, fleshy ;
spikes axillary, subfascicled, with a foveolate fleshy rachis, and
jointed sessile subimmersed spreading 6-petalled hexandrous
flowers ; anthers ovate, inserted by the base ; style shorter than
the petals. fj . P. G. Native of Nipaul, on the mountains of
Chandigiri and Sheopore, parasitical on trees. D. Don, prod. fl.
nep. p. 143. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 101. D. C. prod. 4. p. 294.
Leaves pale green, at length becoming yellowish, from 4 to 6
inches long. Spikes shorter than the leaves, many flowered,
almost sessile. Flowers small, nearly white, very sweet-scented,
at first clavate, but at length spreading ; petals cuneate, slightly
concave at the apex. Ovarium supported by no other bractea
than the acute margin of the foveola of the rachis.
Sweet- scented-ftoxsexeA Loranthus. Shrub par.
3 L. Lambertia'nus (Schultes, syst. 7. p. 118.) glabrous,
dichotomously branched ; leaves opposite, on very short petioles,
ovate-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, acute, nerved ; spikes
terminal, solitary ; flowers half immersed in the foveolate rachis,
5-petalled ; anthers fixed by the back. Tj . P. G. Native of
Nipaul. Habit of L. Europce'us.
Lambert's Loranthus. Shrub par.
Cult. The species have the habit of common mistletoe, but
are not cultivable in gardens on account of their being parasitical.
V. STRUTHA'NTHUS (from orpovOog, strouthos, a spar-
row', and avdoe, anthos, a flow'er ; some of the species are
called Erva de Passerinlio and Herba dos Passeros, i. e. Sparrow-
plant, in South America). Mart, in D. C. prod. 4. p. 671. —
Loranthus species of authors.
Lin. sy'st. Hexandria, Monogynia. Flow'ers hermaphrodite,
almost always 6-parted (except in one species, which is 4-parted.
3 G
FIG. 74.
410
LORANTHACE7E. V. Struthanthus.
and dioecious, and in another 5-parted). Calyx angular, small,
hemispherical, with an extenuated truncate margin. Petals
linear, distinct from each other a long way at the base, and at
length revolute at the apex ; anthers ovate, fixed by the back
near the base or beneath the middle ; filaments short, inserted
beneath the middle of the petals. Ovarium ovate-globose.
Style subclavate. Berry ovate-elliptic. — Parasitical shrubs.
Racemes terminal or lateral, solitary or aggregate in the axils,
having the rachis for the most part angular or 2-edged. To
this genus belongs the greater part of the sections Stachyanthus
and Protostelides of Lordnthus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 287 and 289.
particularly the Brazilian species.
Sect. I. Stachya'nthus (from arra\vg, stachys, a spike, and
uvdog, anthos, a flower; flowers sessile, disposed in spikes).
Flowers sessile along the rachis, and sometimes immersed in pits
on it, spicate, solitary or by threes, usually furnished with 3
bracteas each.
1 S. alveola'tus; plant glabrous, much branched; branches
terete ; leaves petiolate, roundish-ovate, rather oblique, obtuse,
somewhat coriaceous; spikes axillary, 1-3-together, without
joints, somewhat tetragonal ; flowers disposed in 4 rows on the
spikes, immersed in pits in the rachis ; petals linear-lanceolate.
T? . P. S. Native of South America, near Popayan and Cartha-
gena, parasitical on Crescentia Cujete. Loranthus alveolatus,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 444. Loranthus rotun-
difolius, Bonpl. herb. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 154. Leaves 2
inches long, and 1^ broad, on petioles 2 lines long. Spikes an
inch or an inch and a half long. Corolla greenish white.
Perhaps a true species of Lordnthus.
Alveolate- spiked Struthanthus. Shrub par.
2 S. ptery'gopus; plant glabrous; branches compressed at
the apex ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ovate, acumi-
nated, coriaceous ; spikes axillary, solitary, longer than the
leaves ; peduncles compressed, winged ; flowers by threes, ses-
sile ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in
the provinces of Minas Geraes and Bahia, on trees in the woods.
Loranthus pterygopus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 153.
Flowers semi-linear. Anthers roundish-ovate.
Wing-stalked Struthanthus. Shrub par.
3 S. Urague'nsis; plant glabrous, erect; branches terete;
leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate by a point at the
apex, attenuated into the petiole at the base; peduncles 1-2,
axillary, equal in length to the leaves, forked above the middle ;
pedicels furnished with 3 bracteas and 3 flowers at the apex ;
flowers sessile; petals 6, linear, nearly free ; filaments shorter
than the petals ; anthers ovate, erect ; stigma capitate ; berries
egg-shaped. J? . P. G. Native of South America, upon laurels
and myrtles, on the banks of the Uraguay. Loranthus Ura-
guensis, Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p. 358. In many
points it resembles Loranthus flagellaris, Cham, et Schlecht.
Uraguay Struthanthus. Shrub par.
4 S. todo'pterus ; plant glabrous, erect ; branches terete,
when young angularly compressed ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at
both ends, feather-nerved, reticulated above ; spikes axillary
and terminal, flexuous, pedunculate ; flowers by threes, immer-
sed in the rachis, which is winged ; corolla 6-parted, with
linear lobes ; anthers inserted by the base ; stigma capitate.
^2 . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loranthus podopterus, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 218. Loranthus acutus, Pohl, in
litt. Leaves 3£ inches long, and 1A broad, on petioles 2 lines
long. Corolla a line long.
Winged-peduncled Struthanthus. Shrub par.
5 S. oblo'ngus ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; branchlets
compressed ; leaves oblong, nearly elliptic, obtuse, cuneated at
the base, and 3-5-nerved : nerves slender, reticulately branched ;
1
spikes axillary, very short, few-flowered. T? . P. S. Native of
Brazil. Loranthus oblongus, Schott, and Pohl, in litt. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 287. Leaves 2 inches long, and 8 lines broad; pe-
tioles and spikes about 2-3 lines long. The nervation of the
leaves is very distinct from the other species, but the young
flowers are not described. It is probably a species of Viscum.
Oblong- leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
6 S. occidenta'lis ; branches terete, scabrous; leaves ovate-
roundish or elliptic, marginate, glabrous, feather- nerved at the
base, on very short petioles ; spikes axillary, simple, shorter
than the leaves, nearly terete ; flowers almost sessile, furnished
with a small very blunt bractea each ; petals 6, rather connate at
the base ; stamens 6, 3 fertile and 3 sterile. . P. S. Native of
Jamaica, on trees, and of many other of the West Indian Islands.
Loranthus occidentalis, Lin. amoen. 5. p. 396. Swartz, obs. 138.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 146. Sloan, jam. 2. t. 100. f. 2. Scurrula 2.
Brown, jam. 197. Leaves 15-16 lines long, and 8-9 broad.
Spikes an inch long. Flowers 2 lines long. Berries roundish.
Western Struthanthus. Shrub par.
7 S. polysta'chyus ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, but com-
pressed at the articulations ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate,
acute, thick, veiny ; spikes axillary, by threes, one-half shorter
than the leaves, diverging; flowers by threes, sessile, opposite ;
petals 6. 1? • P. G. Native of Peru, in groves on the Andes
upon trees and shrubs. Loranthus polystachyus, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 3. p. 50. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 155. Leaves as in many
other species about 2 hands long. Flowers small, purple. Brac-
teas semiannular, hardly conspicuous. Berries oval, brownish-
yellow.
Many-spiked Struthanthus. Shrub par.
8 S. Patri'sii ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, but when
young compressed ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oval-oblong, ob-
tuse at the base, acuminated at the apex, of the consistence of
parchment, feather-nerved ; spikes axillary, simple, shorter than
the leaves : ultimate ones disposed in a terminal panicle ; flowers
distant along the rachis, sessile, bractless ; fruit oblong, spread-
ing, truncate at the apex. 1? . P. S. Native of French Guiana,
where it was collected by Patris. Loranthus Patrisii, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 288. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 1-2 broad, rather
glaucous above, and rufescent beneath, on petioles 2 lines long.
Berries tetragonally compressed while young, 3 lines long.
Flowers unknown, therefore it is doubtful whether it belongs to
this genus or not.
Patris' s Struthanthus. Shrub par.
9 S. amplexicaulis ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
sessile, stem-clasping, reniform, coriaceous ; spikes axillary,
twin, not jointed, nearly sessile; berries half immersed in the
rachis, ovate. . P. S. Native of the temperate parts of
Caraccas. Loranthus amplexicaulis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 445. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 154. Flowers unknown;
Said to be nearly allied to S. alveolatus. Perhaps a true species
of Lordnthus.
Stem-clasping-\eaxed Struthanthus. Shrub par.
10 S. emargina'tus ; plant glabrous, somewhat scandent ;
branches terete, when young compressed ; leaves ovate-cuneated,
emarginate, on very short petioles, without any lateral nerves ;
spikes axillary and terminal, tetragonal, rather shorter than the
leaves ; flowers opposite, bractless, nearly sessile ; petals 6, lan-
ceolate, distinct ; anthers 6, 3 of which are acuminated and
sterile, and the 3 fertile ones roundish. fj . P. S. Native of
Hispaniola, Porto-Rico, and Guadaloupe, on the mountains,
parasitical on trees. Loranthus emarginatus, Swartz, prod. p.
58. fl. ind. occ. p. 625. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 152. Berries
black, elongated.
Emarginatedeaxed Struthanthus. Shrub par.
1 1 S. spica'tus ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves ob-
LORANTHACEAS.
V. Struthanthus.
411
ovate or oval, attenuated at the base, somewhat palmately veined,
obtuse ; spikes axillary, thick, tetragonal, shorter than the leaves,
bearing flowers almost from the base ; flowers decussate ; petals
6, concrete at the very base : berry ovate-oblong. b . P. S.
Native of South America, amongst the bushes and woods of
Carthagena. Loranthus spicatus, Jacq. araer. p. 97. t. 68.
Flowers small, red. Berries green, red at the apex. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 151.
Far. /3, athroanthus (E. Meyer, nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 788.)
lower spikes axillary, superior ones crowded in racemes, leafless.
12 . P. S.
*S/u7cee?-flowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
12 S. eeptosta'chyus ; plant glabrous ; branches somewhat
tetragonal; leaves petiolate, ovate-elliptic, acuminated, rounded
at the base, rather coriaceous ; spikes axillary, twin or tern,
2 or 3 times shorter than the leaves ; flowers sessile, scattered,
distant ; rachis compressed, rather quadrangular ; petals 6, lan-
ceolate-linear, spreading. 1? . P. S. Native of the Andes of
Quindiu, between Carthagena and Buga. Loranthus lepto-
stachyus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. araer. 3. p. 440. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 154. Leaves 5 inches long, and 2^ broad. Spikes
1-| to 2-g- inches long. Flowers hardly 2 lines long.
Slender-spiked, Struthanthus. Shrub par.
13 S. ovalifoljus ; plant glabrous, herbaceous; stem terete,
quite simple, erect ; leaves oval, thick, nearly veinless, on short
petioles, obtuse or emarginate ; spikesaxillary, 1-2, twice the
length of the petioles ; flowers sessile, bractless ; petals 6,
linear, retroflexed at the apex. 7/ . P. S. Native of Peru, on
the Andes in groves, upon trees and shrubs. Loranthus ovali-
folius, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 30. t. 277. f. b. Schultes, syst.
7. p. 151. Herb a foot high. Flowers much crowded, small,
purple. Berry oval, of an obscure purple colour.
Oval-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
14 S. margina'tus (Lam. diet. 3. p.596.) plant glabrous;
branches terete ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, petiolate,
with scarious margins, having the middle nerve rather prominent,
and the lateral ones wanting ; spikes axillary, solitary, opposite,
shorter than the leaves ; flowers by threes in a fascicle along the
rachis, bracteolate ; corolla 6-parted, with linear segments ;
anthers very caducous ; stigma capitate. Tj . P. S. Native of
Brazil. Loranthus marginatus, Lam. diet. 3. p. 596. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 137. L. avium, Polil, in litt. Leaves 2 inches
long, and 9-10 lines broad ; petioles 2-3 lines long. Corolla 2-3
lines long.
MarginateAeaxed. Struthanthus. Shrub par.
15 S. conci'nnus ; plant glabrous; branches slender, terete ;
leaves opposite, lanceolate, acuminated, membranous, shining
above ; spikes axillary and terminal, solitary, interrupted,
shorter than the leaves ; flowers by threes, opposite, sessile,
somewhat verticillate, bracteate ; petals 6, linear, reflexed. b .
P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in woods
at Ega. Loranthus concinnus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p.
150. Flowers a line and a half long, clavate in the unexpanded
state. Anthers ovate.
Neat Struthanthus. Shrub par.
16 S. nitens ; plant glabrous; branches terete, rooting on
one side; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, shining,
membranous ; spikes racemose, interrupted, lower ones axil-
lary, solitary : superior ones panicled ; flowers by threes, sessile,
bracteate ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate. b . P. S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in woods. Loranthus
nitens, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 150. F'lowers a line long,
ovate-club-shaped in the unexpanded state. Anthers ovate, ex-
cavated at the side of the filaments.
Shining Struthanthus. Shrub par.
17 S. subcampe'stris ; branches terete, beset with rusty dots
at the apex, compressed ; leaves opposite, ovate-elliptic, obtuse,
coriaceous, nerved, glabrous ; spikes 1-2, axillary, interrupted,
one-half shorter than the leaves ; flowers nearly opposite, by
threes, sessile, bracteate, small ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate. b .
P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Flowers half a line long. Anthers ovate. Loranthus subcam-
pestris, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 151.
Field Struthanthus. Shrub par.
18 S. affxnis ; branches terete, compressed at the apex,
and beset with rusty dots ; leaves nearly opposite, ovate-
elliptic, acuminated, coriaceous, nerved, glabrous ; spikes axil-
lary, solitary, interrupted, not half so long as the leaves ; flowers
by threes, sessile, retroflexed, bracteate, small. Ij . P. S. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the woods of Japura, in the province of Rio
Negro. Loranthus affinis, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 151.
Very like the preceding species.
Allied Struthanthus. Shrub par.
19 S. a'nceps ; branches compressed, 2-edged, green ; leaves
on short petioles, elongated, ovate-obtuse ; spikes on short pe-
duncles, solitary, axillary, much shorter than the leaves ; flowers
small, somewhat imbricate. b • P* S. Native of Guiana.
Loranthus anceps, Desv. in Hamilt. prod. p. 33. Schultes, syst.
7. p. 153. The rest unknown.
Two-cdged-\>rax\ched Struthanthus.
Sect. II. Protostelides (meaning unknown to us). Loran-
thus, sect. 3. Protostelides, D. C. prod. 4. p. 289. Flowers of
6 petals, racemose or panicled ; the branches of the panicles or
racemes usually bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracteas at the apex.
— Species all natives of South America.
20 S. ru'fus ; branches terete; leaves nearly opposite, on
short petioles, ovate-oblong, long-acuminated, coriaceous; spikes
terminal, panicled ; rachis beset with rufous dots ; pedicels very
short, bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracteas each ; petals 6, linear ;
anthers roundish-ovate. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Rio Negro, in the woods of Japura. Loranthus
rufus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 130. Flowers a line and a
half long, white.
.ftw/bws-branched Struthanthus. Shrub par.
21 S. avicula'rius ; plant glabrous; young branches tetra-
gonal ; leaves nearly opposite, ovate, rather acuminated, coria-
ceous ; panicles axillary and terminal, solitary, diffuse, longer
than the leaves ; peduncles opposite, bracteate at the base ;
flowers by threes, sessile, 3 bracteated ; petals 6, linear-lanceo-
late. b . P. S. Native of Brazil, frequent, where it is called
Erva de Passerinho. Loranthus avicularius, Mart, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 132. Flowers a line and a half long. Filaments of
stamens excavated on the side at the apex.
Knot-grass-like Struthanthus. Shrub par.
22 S. Theobrom^e; branches tetragonal, but at length be-
coming terete, rather radicant ; leaves ovate, acuminated, on
short petioles ; panicles axillary and terminal, longer than the
leaves; pedicels very short, 3-flowered at the apex, b • P- S.
Native ofBrazil, at Para, upon trees of Tlieobroma Cacao, where
it is called Herva dos Passeros. Loranthus Theobromae, Willd.
rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 132. According to Schultes, this is
probably the same as the preceding species.
Cacao Struthanthus. Shrub par.
23 S. virga'tus ; plant glabrous ; branches radicant, tetra-
gonal at the apex ; leaves opposite, ovate, acuminated, compli-
cate, rather coriaceous ; panicles axillary, solitary, twiggy, 3
times longer than the leaves : having the branches tetragonal, and
bracteate at the base, and the branchlets short and bearing 3
flowers at the apex, and 3 bracteas ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate,
b • P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in
woods about Japura. Loranthus virgatus, Mart, in Schultes,
3 G 2
412
LORANTHACEAL V. Struthanthus.
syst. 7. p. 132. Flowers half a line long. Filaments of stamens
excavated at the side at the apex.
Twiggy Struthanthus. Shrub par.
24 S. Deppea'nus ; glabrous: branches rather radicant ; leaves
almost opposite, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, some-
what 3-nerved ; racemes 1-2, axillary ; peduncles 3-flowered,
bractless; flowers pedicellate ; anthers linear, fixed by the base.
. P. S. Native of Mexico, near Jalapa. Loranthus Dep-
peanus, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 172. Style twisted
in a circinate manner at the apex.
Deppe’s Struthanthus. Shrub par.
25 S. erythroca'rpus ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ;
leaves nearly opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, attenuated
at the base, coriaceous, veiny; racemes 1-3 together, rather
spicate, interrupted, axillary, and terminal : having very short
branchlets, which bear 3 flowers and 3 bracteas at the apex ;
petals C, linear. 1? . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province
of Rio Negro, on trees. Loranthus erythrocarpus, Mart, in
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 138. Anthers ovate. Berries orange-
coloured.
Red-fruited Struthanthus. Shrub par.
26 S. citrxcola ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
rather alternate, ovate, somewhat acuminated, and obtuse, sub-
emarginate, veiny ; racemes axillary and terminal, shorter than
the leaves : superior ones solitary, but the lower ones are
somewhat verticillate ; branches of racemes short, opposite,
bearing each 3 flowers at the apex and 3 bracteas. P? . P. S.
Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, on trees of the orange tribe,
where it is called Herva de Passerinho. Loranthus citrtcola,
Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 137. Perhaps the same as S. mar-
oinatus.
o
Orange Struthanthus. Shrub par.
27 S. flexicau'lis ; plant glabrous ; branches sarmentose,
radicant ; leaves almost alternate, oblong, obtuse, with a mucrone,
tapering at the base, flat, reflexed ; racemes 1-2 together, axil-
lary, erect, shorter than the leaves : having short, opposite, 3-
flowered, tribracteate branchlets ; petals 6, linear, spreading
above the middle. T? . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the fields of
Taboleira, in the province of Minas Geraes. Loranthus flexi-
caulis, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 139. Flowers yellowish,
a line long, clavate in the unexpanded state.
Bent-stemmed Struthanthus. Shrub par.
28 S. polyrhizos ; plant glabrous ; branches scandent, root-
ing ; leaves subalternate, obovate, emarginate, flat, veiny ;
racemes axillary, solitary, compound, erect, one-half shorter than
the leaves : having the branchlets tetragonal, and bearing 3
flowers at the apex and 3 bracteas ; petals 6, reflexed from the
middle. Tj • P- S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia,
in the woods. Loranthus polyrhizos, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 139. Flowers 2 lines long, green. Anthers ovate.
Many-rooted Struthanthus. Shrub par.
29 S. tetra'oueter ; plant glabrous ; branches compressedly
tetragonal, scandent, rooting ; leaves nearly opposite, ovate, ob-
tuse, reflexed, rather' coriaceous ; racemes 2-3, axillary : having
very short, nearly opposite 3-flowered tribracteate branchlets ;
petals 6, linear, hardly reflexed, spreading. Jj . P. S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on trees. Loranthus
tetraqueter, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 140. Flowers hardly
a line long, roundish in the unexpanded state.
Four- side (/-branched Struthanthus. Shrub par.
30 S. staphyli'nus ; plant glabrous ; branches compressed at
the apex ; leaves nearly opposite, obovate or emarginate, atte-
nuated at the base, flat, coriaceous, nerved ; racemes axillary,
solitary, longer than the leaves : having short bent branchlets, each
bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracteas at the apex ; petals 6, linear,
reflexedly spreading. . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Rio Negro. Loranthus staphylinus, Mart, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 290. Flowers a line long. Anthers roundish-ovate.
Staphylea-lilce Struthanthus. Shrub par.
31 S. cuspida'tus ; plant glabrous ; branches rooting, terete ;
leaves nearly opposite, obovate, attenuated at the base, cuspi-
date at the apex, coriaceous, glaucous ; racemes axillary, soli-
tary, about equal in length to the leaves, few-flowered : having
the branchlets 3-flowered at the apex, and tribracteate ; petals 6,
linear, reflexed from the middle. f? . P. S. Native of Brazil, in
the woods about Pianhia. Loranthus cuspidatus, Mart, in
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 140. Flowers 2 lines long, clavate in the
unexpanded state. Anthers ovate.
Cuspidate- leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
32 S. longipeduncula'tus ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ;
leaves opposite, oblong-ovate, acuminated, attenuated at the base,
rather coriaceous, nerved ; racemes axillary, solitary, longer than
the leaves : with few branchlets, bearing each 3 flowers at the
apex and 3 bracteas ; petals 6, linear, spreading above the
middle. . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia.
Flowers 4 lines long, of a pale greenish colour. Anthers ovate.
Loranthus longipedunculatus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 141.
Long-peduncled Struthanthus. Shrub par.
33 S. syring^efolius ; plant glabrous; branches unknown;
leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, rather coriaceous, ending in a
long taper point ; racemes axillary, solitary, panicled, shorter
than the leaves ; peduncles compressedly tetragonal : with the
branchlets short, thick, and bearing 3 flowers at the apex and 3
bracteas; petals 6, linear. T? . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Rio Negro, in the woods. Loranthus syringaefolitis,
Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 141. Racemes 1^ to 2 inches
long. The unexpanded flowers dilated into a somewhat hexa-
gonal club. Anthers erect, hastate at the base.
Syringa-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par,
34 S. pa' tens ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves op-
posite, lanceolate, thin, ending in a long taper point ; racemes
axillary, solitary, spreading, exceeding the leaves a little :
pedicels 3-flowered ; flowers pedicellate ; bracteas very mi-
nute, orbicular ; petals 6, nearly linear, reflexed above the
middle. tj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Geraes. Loranthus patens, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 142.
Flowers 4-| lines long, tubularly club-shaped in the unexpanded
state. Anthers ovate.
Spreading Struthanthus. Shrub par.
35 S. e'legans ; plant glabrous ; branches terete at the base,
but compressed at the apex ; leaves nearly opposite, somewhat
ovate, rather coriaceous, terminating in a short reflexed acumen ;
racemes axillary, solitary, twdce the length of the leaves : having
the branchlets opposite, and bearing 3 flowers at the apex, with-
out any bracteas ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate. T? . P. S. Native
of Brazil. Loranthus elegans, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p.
144. Flowers white, a line and a half long, of a roundish cluh-
shaped form at the apex in the unexpanded state. Anthers
ovate.
Elegant Struthanthus. Shrub par.
36 S. ru'bens ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, radicant ;
leaves opposite, somewhat reflexed, lanceolate, attenuated at
both ends, nerved, somewhat undulated ; racemes shorter than
the leaves : and the peduncles are trifid : branchlets short,
nearly opposite, bearing 3 flowers at the apex, and 3 bracteas.
. P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in
the woods of Japura. Loranthus ritbens, Mart, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 144. Flowers unknown. Berries ovate-oblong, um-
bilicate, 3-4 lines long.
Reddish Struthanthus. Shrub par.
37 S. polya'nthos ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
opposite, lanceolate, mucronately acuminated, flat, coriaceous ;
LORANTHACEiE. V. Struthanthus.
413
racemes axillary, many-flowered, about equal in length to the
leaves : branchlets 3-flowered at the apex, and tribracteate ;
bracteas ovate, acute ; petals linear, reflexed from the middle.
. P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in the
woods called Catingas. Loranthus polyanthos, Mart. in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 145. Flowers yellowish, 2 lines long. Anthers
ovate.
Muny-Jlorvered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
38 S. panicula'tus ; plant glabrous ; branches terete ; flori-
ferous branches tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate-elliptic, acute
at both ends, rather coriaceous ; panicles terminal, branched,
diffuse : branchlets very short, bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracteas
at the apex. T? . P. S. Native of South America, on trees
near Cumana, where it is called Paxarito. Loranthus panicu-
latus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 442. Flowers
unknown. Berries oblong. Loranthus tetragonus, Willd. rel.
in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 131. Perhaps the same as S. Orino-
censis.
Panicled Struthanthus. Shrub par.
39 S. Orinoce'nsis ; plant glabrous ; branches somewhat
tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate-elliptic, acuminated, rounded
at the base, and somewhat complicate, rather coriaceous ; ra-
cemes axillary and terminal, exceeding the leaves, paniculately
disposed, diffuse: branchlets short, bearing 3 bracteas and 3
flowers ; flowers sessile ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate, 3 of which
are cohering ; filaments broad ; anthers adnate. Fj . P. S.
Native on the banks of the Orinoco, parasitical on trees. Lo-
ranthus Orinocensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 129. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 136. Loranthus margin&tus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 442. t. 299. exclusive of the syn. of Lam. Leaves
2-| inches long and 1^ broad ; on petioles about 5 lines long.
Flowers hardly 3 lines long.
Orinoco Struthanthus. Shrub par.
40 S. phyllir^eoides ; plant glabrous; branches elongated,
filiform ; leaves oblong, acute, rather coriaceous, running into
the short petiole at the base, veinless, with the middle nerve
rather prominent beneath ; peduncles axillary, rather dichoto-
mous, 2-3 times shorter than the leaves; flowers sessile, usually
by threes, tribracteate ; petals 6, linear, spreading ; anthers ad-
nate, mucronate. Fj . P. S. Native of South America, para-
sitical on trees, near Cumana, where it is called by the natives
Guate-Paxarito. Loranthus phylliraeoides, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 439. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 122. Leaves
9-10 lines long, and 2-3 broad. Flowers small.
Phyllircea-like Struthanthus. Shrub par.
41 S. microphy'llus ; plant clothed with hairy pubescence ;
branches terete ; branchlets very short, bearing leaves and
flowers at the apex : leaves oblong, obtuse, rather mucronate,
sessile, thickish, canescent ; flowers sessile, crowded, axillary,
and terminal ; petals 6-7, lanceolate-linear, rather concrete at
the base ; filaments adnate to the petals, nearly to the apex ;
anthers adnate, mucronate. Fj • P* S. Native of Mexico, near
Guernacava, on the mountains. Loranthus microphyllus, H. B.
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p. 291. Leaves 4 lines long and 1 \
broad. Flowers hardly 2 lines long, pubescent on the outside.
Small-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
42 S. parvifolius ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, while
young angularly compressed ; leaves attenuated at the base, on
short petioles, obtuse at the apex, nerveless ; peduncles axillary,
opposite, trifid, 3-flowered, 3 times shorter than the leaves ;
petals 6, lanceolate, acute ; stamens shorter than the petals ;
h • P- S, Native of the higher mountains of Jamaica, upon
the branches of trees. Loranthus parvifolius, Swartz, prod. p.
58. fl. ind. occ. p. 628. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 120. Leaves 6
lines long, and 3 broad. Corolla 2 lines long. Berry oblong,
black.
Small-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
43 S. rotundifolius ; stems diffuse ; leaves roundish, gla-
brous ; flowers axillary, crowded, bracteate, hexandrous ; pe-
duncles short, many-flowered. Fj . P. S. Native of Brazil,
among bushes about Rio Janeiro. Loranthus rotundifolius, St.
Hil. pi. rem. bras. intr. p. 21. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 121.
Round-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
44 S. pyrifolius ; glabrous, pendulous ; branches terete,
compressed at the nodi ; leaves petiolate, oblong, obtuse, acute
at the base, rather membranous, complicated ; racemes axil-
lary and terminal : branchlets very short, nearly opposite, tri-
bracteate, 3-flowered ; flowers sessile ; petals 6, lanceolate.
Tj . P. S. Native of South America, near Carthagena, growing
on Crescentia Cujete. Loranthus pyrifolius, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 441. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 139. Leaves
2-3 inches long, and 13-15 lines broad, on petioles 3 lines long.
Racemes 3 inches long. Flowers small. Berries ovate.
Pear-leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
45 S. subrotu'ndus ; plant glabrous, twining ; branches te-
rete ; leaves alternate or opposite, petiolate, ovate-orbicular,
ending in a short mucronate acumen, feather-nerved, shining
above, coriaceous ; racemes axillary, solitary, about equal in
length to the leaves, or twin one shorter than the other : branch-
lets opposite, bearing 3 sessile flowers and 3 bracteas at the
apex ; petals 6, linear, somewhat concrete at the base ; fila-
ments a little shorter than the petals , anthers ovate, erect.
Fj . rs. S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Schott.
Loranthus subrotundus, Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 292.
Leaves 15-18 lines long, and 10-12 broad; petioles 5-6 lines
long. Corolla 3 lines long. Style filiform ; stigma simple, not
capitate.
Roundish-leaved. Struthanthus. Shrub par.
46 S. glomera'tus : plant glabrous ; branches terete, radi-
cant; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ovate, ending in a short
acumen, glaucous, coriaceous ; peduncles very short, axillary,
glomerate, bifid ; flowers by threes, sessile, tribracteate ; petals
6, linear, reflexed from the middle ; anthers ovate ; style equal
in length to the petals. F? . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the
provinces of the Mines. Loranthus glomeratus, Mart, in
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 121. Flowers yellowish green, 2 lines long.
Glomerate-^ owered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
47 S. confe'rtus ; plant glabrous ; branches radicant, terete;
leaves opposite, ovate or roundish, obtuse, with a short acumen,
coriaceous, nerved: peduncles axillary, crowded, dichotomous,
simple; flowers by threes, sessile, tribracteate; petals 6,
spreadingly reflexed, linear ; anthers ovate ; style one half
shorter than the petals. Fj . P. S. Native of Brazil, on trees
of the orange tribe. Loranthus confertus, Mart, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 121.
Crona/ed-peduncled Struthanthus. Shrub par.
48 S. Perrotte'tii ; plant glabrous; branches terete, but
rather compressed in the young state ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
or oval, obtuse, coriaceous, feather-nerved ; racemes twin, un-
equal, simple, axillary : with the branchlets bearing each 3 small
concrete bracteas, and 3 sessile flowers ; flower-buds ovate,
small; berry oval. Fj.P. S. Native of French Guiana. Loranthus
Perrottetii, D. C. prod. 4. p. 292. Racemes, petioles, and rachi of
racemes rufous, appearing velvety at first sight. Flowers small.
Leaves 2-3 inches long and 1 ^ broad. Racemes sometimes
equal in length to the leaves, but sometimes twice the length
Perrottet's Struthanthus. Shrub par.
49 S. interru'ptus ; glabrous, pendulous ; branches terete ;
leaves oblong, acute, running into the petiole at the base, rather
coriaceous ; racemes axillary and terminal : with short, nearly
opposite, distant branches, bearing each 3 sessile flowers at the
apex, without bracteas. 1? . P. S. Native of Mexico, near
414
L0RANTHACE7E. V. Struthanthus.
Ario, on trees of Annona Humboldtii. Loranthus interruptus,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 440. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 138. Flowers and fruit not sufficiently known. Leaves
nearly 2 inches long and 9 lines broad ; petioles 3-4 lines
long.
Interrupted-spiked Struthanthus. Shrub par.
50 S. adu'ncus ; plant glabrous; branches terete, knotted,
scandent ; branchlets angular ; leaves opposite, oblong-roundish,
apiculated by a hooked point, veiny, petiolate ; racemes axil-
lary, trichotomous, or simple ; flowers sessile, 3-6 together,
propped by a subtriangular bractea ; petals 6, linear; anthers
oblong. f2 • P* S. Native of Guiana, on trees. Loranthus
aduncus, Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 149. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 147.
Perhaps the racemes ought to be called spikes ; or perhaps
the flowers are sessile on the tops of the branchlets, not on a
rachis.
Hooked- leaved Struthanthus. Shrub par.
51 S. Magdale'nal ; plant glabrous ; branches terete, rather
sarmentose ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, complicate, feather-
nerved, rather coriaceous ; panicles axillary, longer than the
leaves, spreadingly branched ; peduncles distant, bearing 3
flowers and 3 brac-teas at the apex ; petals 6, linear ; anthers
erect, inserted by the base, 3 of which are drawn out in a horn ?
\ . P. S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river
Magdalena, where it was collected by Bertero. Loranthus Mag-
dalenae, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea 3. p. 219. Weihea Mag-
dalenae, Spreng. in herb. Balb. but not of his syst. Leaves
20-22 lines long and 12-15 lines broad ; petioles 4-5 lines long.
Corolla 2 lines long.
Magdalena Struthanthus. Shrub par.
52 S. se'ssilis ; glabrous; leaves ovate ; spikes simple, soli-
tary; flowers sessile, by threes ; pedicels thick, 3 -flowered at
the top. Ij . P. S. Native of South America, in the woods of
Carthagena. Loranthus sessilis, Jacq. amer. 99. Berries of
reddish dirty green colour. Perhaps Loranthus sessilis, Meyer,
prim, esseq. 4. p. 149. is the same as that of Jacquin.
Aessife-flowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
53 S. Ste'lis ; glabrous ; branches spreading ; leaves ovate
or oblong, coriaceous, nearly sessile ; peduncles numerous, ax-
illary, spreading, trigonal, bifid : having the branchlets bearing
3 equal, sessile, hexandrous flowers. T? . P. S. Native of
Cumana, upon trees. Loranthus Stelis, Lin. spec. 331. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 147. Stelis, no. 1. Loefl. itin. 187. Plant not
sufficiently known, and Stelis, no. 2. Lcefl. is still more obscure.
Mistletoe Struthanthus. Shrub par.
54 S. peduncuea'tus ; glabrous ; branches shining ; leaves
cordate-ovate, ending each in a short taper point, coriaceous,
shining, petiolate, feather-veined ; racemes axillary, solitary,
shorter than the leaves : having the rachis compressed and the
branchlets 3-flowered, and the flowers pedicellate ; petals 6,
obtuse ; stamens some of them sterile, . P. S. Native of
South America, in the woods of Carthagena, especially on the
sea coast. Loranthus pedunculatus. Jacq. amer. p. 98. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 145. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers small, white.
Peduncidate-do-wexed Struthanthus. Shrub par.
55 S. psilobotrys ; glabrous; branches terete; branchlets
angularly compressed ; leaves oblong, acutish, attenuated at the
base, on short petioles, nerveless, except the middle nerve ;
racemes axillary, 4 times longer than the leaves, 2-edged,
especially at the base; pedicels nearly opposite, 1-flowered;
bracteas 3, concrete, resembling a 3-cleft cupula under each
flower. ^2 • P- S. Native of St. Domingo, where it was col-
lected by Bertero. Loranthus psilobotrys, D. C. prod. 4. p. 293.
Loranthus uniflorus, Spreng. in herb. Balb. but it is very dif-
ferent from the true L. uniflorus. Alabastra oval, a line long.
Racemes 6-7 inches long. Leaves 15 lines long and 4 broad.
Naked-racemed Struthanthus. Shrub par.
56 S. Dominge'nsis ; branches 2 edged, green ; leaves obo-
vate-oblong, mucronulate, fleshy, running down the petiole at
the base ; racemes simple or tern ; flowers remote. . P. S.
Native of St. Domingo. Loranthus Domingensis, Desf. in
Hamilt. prod. p. 33. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 147. The rest un-
known.
St. Domingo Struthanthus. Shrub par.
57 S. laxiflorus ; branches terete, brownish ; leaves round-
ish-ovate, finely marginated, running into the petiole at the
base ; racemes for the most part solitary, greyish, on long
peduncles; flowers remote ; pedicels elongated. T? . P. S. Na-
tive of Hispaniola. Loranthus laxiflorus, Desf. in Hamilt. prod,
p. 33. The rest unknown.
Lax-Jlowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
58 S. uniflorus ; glabrous; branches terete ; leaves obovate
or oval, on short petioles, obtuse at the apex, emarginate, and
rather mucronate, feather-veined, rather membranous ; racemes
axillary, solitary or twin, simple; pedicels 1-flowered, a little
longer than the flowers, girded by a trifid involucrum ; petals 6,
obtuse ; alternate anthers sterile. f; . P. S. Native of St. Do-
mingo, upon trees and bushes in the woods. Loranthus uni-
flbrus, Jacq. amer. 98. t. 69. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 146. Lo-
ranthus parviflorus, Lam. diet. 3. p. 595. Leaves 1-2 inches
long. Flowers purple, 2 lines long. Berries cylindrical, dark.
One-jlowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
59 S. Portorice'nsis ; glabrous ; stem terete, rooting, dicho-
tomous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate,
acute, glaucous, veinless, except the middle nerve, which is
conspicuous at the base but hardly evident at the apex; corymbs
dichotomous, few-flowered, terminal, one half shorter than the
leaves ; fruit oval, crowned by the teeth of the calyx. fj . P. S.
Native of Porto Rico, parasitical upon trees, where it was col-
lected by Bertero. Loranthus Portoricensis, D. C. prod. 4.
p. 293. Loranthus Braziliensis, Spreng. in herb. Balb.
Flowers smaller than in the rest of the species. Leaves 8 lines
long and 3 lines broad.
Porto Rico Struthanthus. Shrub par.
60 S. pauciflorus ; glabrous ; branches terete, spreading ;
leaves obovate-roundish, veiny, on very short petioles ; racemes
axillary, solitary, tripartite, shorter than the leaves ; flowers
nearly sessile, decussate ; bractea concave ; petals 6, lanceolate,
contiguous at the base ; anthers 6, ovate. Tj . P. S. Native
of the interior of Jamaica, and of Cayenne, parasitical on trees.
Loranthus pauciflorus, Swartz, prod. p. 58. fl. ind. occ. 677.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 147. Loranthus oceidentalis, Aubl. guian.
p. 310. ex Swartz. Allied to S. oceidentalis, but differs in the
raceme or spike being tripartite, not simple.
Few-flowered Struthanthus. Shrub par.
61 S. Guadalupe'nsis ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves
ovate, rather cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex, on
very short petioles, veinless except the middle nerve ; peduncles
terminal, trichotomous and corymbose at the apex, about the
length of the leaves ; bracteas small ; calyx denticulated ; berry
oval. 1? . P. S. Native of Guadaloupe, where it was collected
by Bertero. Loranthus Guadalupensis, D. C. prod. 4. p. 291.
Loranthus pedunculatus, Spreng. in herb. Balb.
Guadaloupe Struthanthus. Shrub par.
62 S. querci'cola ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves almost
opposite, petiolate, ovate, acuminated, papery, reticulately veined :
racemes 1-2, axillary ; flowers almost sessile, by threes, oppo-
site : anthers orbicular, fixed by the base. J? • P- S. Native
of Mexico, near Jalapa, parasitical on oak and other trees.
Flowers minutely bracteolate. Corolla a line and a half long.
Loranthus quercicola, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 173.
Oak Struthanthus. Shrub par.
LORANTHACEiE. V. Struthanthus. VI. Psittacanthus.
415
63 S. retrofle'xus ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
ovate, acute, deflexed, rather coriaceous, on short petioles ;
panicles axillary and terminal : with an angular rachis : and
retroflexed branchlets, bearing ovate, concave, deciduous brac-
teas, and 2-4 flowers, which stand on short pedicels ; petals 6,
linear, reflexed at the apex. T? . P. S. Native of Peru, in
groves on the Andes, upon trees. Loranthus retroflexus, Ruiz,
et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 49. t. 279. f, a. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 138.
Leaves usually an inch and a half long and 2 inches broad ; on
petioles 2-3 lines long. Flowers small, purple. Berries oval,
of a yellowish glaucous colour.
Retroflexed- petalled Struthanthus. Shrub par.
Cult. All the species of this beautiful genus being parasitical,
they are consequently not cultivable in gardens. They have
something of the aspect of Lonicera or honeysuckle.
VI. PSITT AC A'NTHUS (\pirracog, psittacos, a parrot, and
ardog, anthos, a flower ; perhaps from the bright colour of the
flowers). Mart, in D. C. prod. 4. p. 671. Loranthus section
Oscillatoriae Callanthae. D. C. prod. 4. p. 308. — Loranthus
species of authors.
Lin. syst. Hexandria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite,
for the most part hexamerous. Calyx cup-shaped, hemispheri-
cally cyathiform, with a contracted mouth : having the border
sometimes entire, and sometimes obsoletely 5-6-toothed or re-
pand. Petals 6, linear-spatulate, in most of the species distinct
to the middle, erect, spreading, often furnished with a linear
scale in the middle. Filaments filiform, rising from the middle
of the petals ; anthers linear or oblong, fixed by the base, there-
fore erect : or by the back, then they are incumbent. Ovarium
ovate. Style filiform ; stigma capitate. Berry ovate. — Pani-
cles dichotomous or trichotomous, expanded or corymbose ;
peduncles articulately inserted, bracteate ; pedicels extended
into a cup-shaped bracteole each. Flowers large, thick, deeply
coloured.
1 P. ramiflorus ; glabrous; branches terete; branchlets an-
gular; leaves ovate, bluntish, attenuated at the base ; peduncles
opposite, trifid, 6-flowered, spreadingly deflexed, rising beneath
the leaf-bearing branches ; alabastra conical ; petals lanceolate-
linear, acuminated ; anthers versatile. I? . P. G. Native of
Mexico, parasitical on trees, on the mountains of Mahuitzola.
Loranthus ramiflorus. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex
D. C. prod. 4. p. 308. Leaves 1^ inch long, and 6-7 lines
broad; on very short petioles. Corolla 10 lines long, conical.
Branch-flowered Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
2 P. calycula'tus ; glabrous ; branches nearly terete ; leaves
opposite, ovate, or lanceolate, hardly petiolate, coriaceous, vein-
less ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, shorter than the leaves :
having a cup-shaped bractea under each flower, as in all the
rest of the species ; petals 6, linear, acute ; anthers versatile.
*2. P. S. Native of Mexico, about Cuarcavara, where it was
collected by Berlandier. Loranthus calyculatus, D. C. coll,
mem. vi. t. 101. Larger leaves 2 inches long and 1-| broad, the
rest rather smaller. Flowers of a yellowish scarlet colour,
almost 2 inches long. There are 2 oblong floral leaves under
each lateral branch of the corymb. Limb of calyx truncate.
Allied to P. cce'sus. Perhaps the same as Loranthus Quau-
chitli of Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex.
Calyculate Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
3 P. Jacqui'ni; glabrous; branches terete; leaves obovate
or oval, coriaceous, shining, on short petioles, veinless ; pedun-
cles axillary and terminal, cymose, shorter than the leaves : ul-
timate ones trifid : having an urceolate, small bractea under each
flower ; petals 6, contiguous at the base, linear, revolute at the
apex ; alabastra curved a little ; anthers oblong, versatile. Fj .
P. S. Native of Jamaica, Martinico, and Brazil, parasitical on
trees. Loranthus Jacquini, D. C. prod. 4. p. 308. L. Ameri-
canus, Jacq. amer. p. 97. t. 67. exclusive of the synonymes.
Lin. spec. 331. exclusive of the synonyme of Cham, and
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 210. but not of Lin. amoen. nor
Swartz.
Far. |S, longifolius (D. C. prod. 4. p. 308.) leaves oblique,
lanceolate, attenuated at the base. Fj . P. S. Native of Ja-
maica. Calyx cup-shaped. Flowers sometimes of 4 petals.
Jacquin's Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
4 P. Brasilie'nsis ; glabrous ; branches terete, compressed
while young ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate-ovate, obliquely nerved,
thickish, shining above ; peduncles trichotomous, terminal, and
in the upper axils: branchlets 5-flowered; alabastra club-
shaped ; petals 6, linear; anthers versatile. Fj . P. S. Native
of Brazil. Loranthus Brasiliensis, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p.
596. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 127. Habit of Avicennia tomentosa,
but is perfectly glabrous. Leaves 3 or 3|- inches long, and 12-
15 lines broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long. Corolla an inch
and a half long.
Brazilian Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
5 P. ci'nctus ; branches terete ; leaves opposite and alter-
nate, on very short petioles, oblong-ovate, obtuse, thick, mar-
ginated ; racemes axillary and terminal, compound : peduncles
nearly opposite, 2-flowered ; bracteas cup-shaped ; flowers
tomentose on the outside, clavate at the apex in the utiexpanded
state ; petals 6, nearly linear, glandular at the base. Fj . P. S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in the woods of
Japura. Loranthus cinctus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 134.
Corolla 1 or li inch long, densely clothed with coloured tornen-
tum. Anthers oblong. Style equal in length to the petals.
Stigma capitate.
Girded Psitticanthus. Shrub par.
6 P. sPEctosus ; glabrous ; leaves oblong-elliptic, or lanceo-
late, bluntish, cuneated at the base, coriaceous : having the mid-
dle nerve hardly conspicuous, and the lateral veins wanting ;
racemes unknown ; alabastra cylindrical ; petals 6, linear, hardly
concrete at the base ; anthers versatile ; stigma not capitate.
F? . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loranthus speciosus, Pohl, in
litt. but not Dietr. nor Wall. Leaves 3 inches long and an inch
broad ; petioles hardly any. Corolla 3 inches long. It differs
from P. Brasiliensis, Lam. in the alabastra not being clavate.
Showy Psitticanthus. Shrub par.
7 P. dichro'os ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
obovate, emarginate, coriaceous, hardly veined ; peduncles soli-
tary, axillary, dichotomous : the branches 2-3-flowered ; brac-
tea cup-shaped, shorter than the ovarium, 1 -toothed; petals 6,
linear, spreadingly reflexed from the middle ; anthers linear-
oblong. Fj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio
Janeiro. Loranthus diebroos, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 122.
Flowers 18-20 lines long, scarlet, but green at the apex.
Two-coloured-^ owered Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
8 P. grandiflorus ; branches terete ; leaves opposite, on
short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, thick ; peduncles
dichotomous : terminal ones 3-4 : axillary ones solitary ; flowers
pedicellate by threes, tomentose ; bractea cup-shaped, uniden-
tate ; petals 6, linear, bearing each a scale on the inside at the
base. Fj . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio
Negro, in the woods about Japura. Loranthus grandiflorus,
Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 124. Corolla 1^ to 2 inches long,
purplish ? Stigma globose-capitate.
Great-flowered Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
9 P. biterna'tus ; branches terete, rather velvety ; leaves
nearly opposite, petiolate, elliptic, obtuse, thick, glaucous ; pe-
duncles axillary and terminal : lower ones solitary, dichotomous:
superior ones sub-panicled ; flowers pedicellate, pubescent ;
416
LORANTHACEiE. VI. Psittacanthus.
bracteas ovate ; petals 6, linear, bearing each a scale on the
inside at the base ; anthers oblong, versatile. I? . P. S. Na-
tive of Brazil. Loranthus biternatus, Hoffmanseg, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 124. Corolla 12-18 lines long. Three of the
stamens are shorter than the rest. Style bent, with 2 knees ;
stigma capitate.
Biternate Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
10 P. robu'stus ; glabrous; branches tetragonal ; leaves op-
posite, decussate, on short petioles, oblong-obovate, obtuse,
thick ; peduncles terminal, and corymbosely crowded in the axils
of the upper leaves, 3-flowered ; flowers erect, angular ; brac-
teas nearly orbicular, short. 1? . P S. Native of Brazil, in
the province of Rio Negro, in woods about Japura. Loranthus
robustus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 125. Corolla yellow,
2-3 inches long, glabrous on the outside. Style filiform ; stigma
capitate. Anthers linear.
Robust Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
IIP. furca'tus ; glabrous ; branches tetragonal at the apex ;
leaves opposite, obovate, emarginate or obtuse, coriaceous, almost
nerveless ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-3 together, those
in the forks bearing 2-6 flowers ; bracteas ovate, acutish ; petals
6, cohering at the base, but spreadingly reflexed at the apex.
Ij . P. S. Native of Brazil, in woods, at the river St. Fran-
cisco. Loranthus furcatus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p 126.
Corolla 1 or 1^ inch long, scarlet at the base, but paler to-
wards the apex, and yellow' inside. Anthers oblong, probably
versatile.
/br&ed-peduncled Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
12 P. bicalycula'tus ; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
ovate-cordate, obtuse, somewhat stem-clasping, thick, glaucous ;
panicle terminal, dichotomous, bracteate ; peduncles 2-3-flow-
ered, tomentose ; bracteas cup-shaped, girding the ovarium ;
calyx 6-toothed ; petals linear. 1? . P. S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Bahia, in woods. Loranthus bicalyculatus,
Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 128. Corolla 14 lines long, to-
mentose on the outside, scarlet. Style longer than the stamens ;
stigma capitate.
Bicalyculate-ft owered Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
13 P. corda'tus ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves oppo-
site, cordate at the base, stem-clasping, coriaceous, ending in a
long acumen, triple or quintuple-nerved ; flowers racemosely
panicled on the tops of the branches, and in the axils of the
upper leaves ; peduncles 2-flowered ; rather tomentose ; brac-
teas cup-shaped ; petals 6, linear, spreading above the middle.
T? . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loranthus cordatus, Hoffmanseg
in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 128. Corolla 12-16 lines long. Anthers
oblong. Stigma capitate.
Cordate-leaved Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
14 P. falcifro'ns ; glabrous; branches terete ; leaves oppo-
site, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, rather falcate, triple or quin-
tuple-nerved, coriaceous ; panicles terminal and axillary, some-
what dichotomous ; flowers by threes, glabrous ; pedicels equal in
length to the bracteas, which aredrawm out into a cup, around the
ovaria, and much longer than them ; petals 6, linear. 1? . P. S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, in woods about
Japura. Loranthus falcifrons, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 129.
Corolla golden-yellow, 14-18 lines long. Anthers oblong,
yellow. — There is a variety of this species having shorter, ovate-
oblong, hardly falcate leaves.
Sickle-leaved Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
15 P. acina'rius ; glabrous; leaves lanceolate, acuminated,
oblique, rather falcate, thick, hardly veined ; cymes 5-parted,
with the branchlets 3-flowered ; flowers pedicellate ; bracteas
cup-shaped, large, truncate, nearly entire; calyx 6-toothed;
petals 6, linear. . P. S. Native of Brazil, in woods in the
province of Piauhia. Loranthus acinarius, Mart, in Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 130. Corolla 1\ inch long, club-shaped at the apex
in the unexpanded state. Anthers oblong. Stigma rather ob-
lique.
Acinarious Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
16 P. cuculla'ris ; glabrous; branches terete, nodose at the
joints ; leaves broad-lanceolate, falcate, 5-nerved, opposite, on
short petioles ; peduncles axillary and terminal, bifid or sub-
paniculate, nearly one-half shorter than the leaves: with 1-8-
flowered branches ; bracteas large, concave, cordate, acuminated ;
flowers sessile ; petals 6, linear ; anthers versatile, . P. S.
Native of French Guiana. Loranthus cucullaris, Lam. journ.
hist nat. 1. p. 144. t. 23. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 130.
Cucullar- bracted Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
17 P. Mexica'nus; glabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather
falcate, running down the short petiole in a cuneate manner at
the base, 5-7-nerved, rather coriaceous; panicles axillary and
terminal : with thick branchlets, bearing 3 flow ers at the apex ;
pedicels shorter than the bracteas, which are drawn out into
ovate cupula, much exceeding the ovaria ; petals 6, linear, acute,
velvety on the outside ; anthers oblong. • P- S. Native of
Mexico, where it was collected by Haenke. Loranthus Mexi-
c&nus, Presl, in herb. Haenke, and in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 129.
Leaves 5 inches long and 1-| broad. Flowers 18-20 lines long,
golden yellow in the dried state. The leaves are very similar
to those of P. cucullaris , but differs in the bracteas being much
smaller.
Mexican Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
18 P. ? destri/ctor ; glabrous ; branches tetragonal, wan-
ed ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, coriaceous, having the middle
nerve rather prominent beneath, the rest of the leaf veinless ;
racemes terminal, having the branchlets 3-flowered, approximate,
secund, and bractless ; flowers pedicellate ; petals 6, linear ;
anthers incumbent. \ . P. S. Native of Quito, on trees near
Villa de Ibarra, where it is called Matapalo. Loranthus de-
structor, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 485. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 135. Leaves 2 inches long and 8-9 lines broad ;
petioles 3 lines long. Flowers about ah inch long, orange-
coloured. Berries globose, black. It is very doubtful whether
this is a species of the present genus from the want of bracteas.
Destructive Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
19 P. formosus ; quite glabrous ; branches compressedly an-
gular at the nodi ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, on short
petioles, coriaceous, feather-veined ; umbels 3, 1 terminal, and
2 axillary, pedunculate ; bracteas irregular ; calyx repandly
truncate ; corolla 6-parted, with linear lobes ; anthers versatile.
Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loianthus formosus, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 211. An intermediate species between
P. Jacquini and P. Mutisii. Leaves almost alternate or oppo-
site, 3-4 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Corolla 4 inches long,
showy.
Beautiful Psittacanthus. Shrub.
20 P. cuneifolius ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves nearly
sessile, cuneiform, small, ending in a short acumen, fleshy, shin-
ing ; peduncles 1-3 together, axillary, 1 -flowered, 3 times
shorter than the leaves ; bracteas cup-shaped, one under each
flower; petals 6, linear-spatulate, concrete at the base; anthers
versatile. Tj . P. S. Native of Brazil and Peru, on trees and
shrubs ; of Chili, in valleys in the Andes of Mendoza, Cordillera of
Chili, on Accacia Cavenia at Llayllay, and upon willows at Banda
Oriental. Loranthus cuneifolius, Ruiz et Pav. fl. par. 3. p. 46.
t. 276. f. b. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 212. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 118. Loranthus Montevidensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p.
128. Leaves hardly an inch long, some of them emarginately
retuse at the apex. Corolla scarlet, an inch and a half long.
Berries roundish, black, crowned by the urceolate calyx.
Cuneform-\ea\eA Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
LOIlANTHACEAi. VI. Psittacanthus.
417
21 P. cupu'lifer ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves nearly
sessile, obliquely ovate-oblong, narrowed at the apex and ob-
tuse, reticulately many veined, somewhat membranous ; pedun-
cles axillary, 2-3-flowered, unibracteate ; pedicels furnished
with a large cup-shaped bractea under the flower ; petals 6,
linear, spreading, revolute at the apex ; anthers incumbent.
. P. S. Native of Peru, near Loxa. Loranthus cupulifer,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 438. Schultes, syst. 7. p.
120. Leaves 5 inches long and 2 inches broad, on very short
petioles. Flowers 1 or 14 inch long, on very short pedicels.
Berry elliptic, about the length of the cup-shaped bractea.
Cup-bearing Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
22 P. Plumie'ri ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves ovate
(3-nerved ex Lam.) 5-7-nerved at the base, coriaceous ; pedun-
cles axillary, trichotomously corymbose, shorter than the leaves ;
petals 5, linear, contiguous at the base; alabastra a little curved;
anthers versatile. 1? • P* S. Native of the West India Islands,
parasitical on trees. Loranthus Plumieri, Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 3. p. 311. Lonicera, Plum. nov. gen. 17. t. 37. pi.
amer. ed. Burm. t. 166. f. 1. Loranthus, Vaill. act. acad. par.
1722, p. 201. Plumier says the flowers of his plant are com-
posed of 6 petals, but the number of the parts of the flower is
unknown.
Plumier' s Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
23 P. eucalyptifolius ; glabrous ; branches terete; leaves
petiolate, ovate, rounded at the apex, coriaceous, almost vein-
less ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
pedicels furnished with a cup-shaped bractea each under the
flower ; petals 6, linear, a little dilated at the apex, hardly co-
hering at the base; anthers incumbent. f? . P. S. Native of
South America, in the province of Caraceas, at Villa de Cura.
Loranthus eucalyptifolius, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 433. Leaves 3 inches long, and nearly 2 broad. Flowers
yellow, glabrous, about 1^ inch long. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 120.
Eucalyptus-leaved Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
24 P. crassifolius ; branches terete, dotted with brown at
the apex ; leaves opposite, broad-ovate, obtuse, with subrevolute
margins, coriaceous; peduncles axillary, 1-3-together, dichoto-
mous ; flowers twin or tern, pedicellate, tubular : the tube ven-
tricose above the middle, and spreading at the apex, and having
the throat constricted ; bracteas cup-shaped, one under each
flower. Ij . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio
Grande, in woods about Japura. Loranthus crassifolius, Mart,
in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 123. Corolla purplish, 2 and 2^ inches
long. Anthers linear.
Thick-leaved Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
25 P. dichotomus ; glabrous; branches terete, dichotomous,
3 or 4 in a whorl ; leaves usually in whorles, ovate-elliptic,
rounded at the apex, coriaceous ; peduncles axillary, twin, bifur-
cate, pendulous in the flower-bearing state, but erect in the
fruit-bearing state ; limb of calyx truncate ; bracteas cup-
shaped, one under each flower; petals 6, linear, concrete at the
base, revolutely spreading at the apex ; anthers incumbent. Tj .
P. S. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in groves about Muna.
Loranthus dichotomus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 45. t. 274. f.
a. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 123. Loranthus clusiaefolius, Willd.
rel. ex Schultes, syst. 1. c. Leaves 2 hands long, and a hand and
a half broad. Corolla about a hand and a half long, scarlet at
the base, and yellow at the top. Petioles very short.
Car. /3, Balthasareus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 311.) petioles 8-9
lines long ; margins of leaves somewhat revolute, shining above,
and rather glaucescerit ; flowers red, 3 inches long ; petals a
little dilated at the apex. . P. S. Native of South America,
on the banks of the Orinoco, near Balthasar. Loranthus dicho-
tomus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 433. Perhaps
sufficiently distinct from the species.
VOL. in.
Z)ic//ofomorw-peduncled Psittacanthus Shrub par.
26 P. nodosus ; glabrous ; branches terete, dichotomous, arti-
culated at the nodi ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate-roundish,
coriaceous, somewhat 7-nerved at the base; peduncles axillary,
and in the forks of the branches, in fascicles, 1-2-flowered, nearly
the length of the petioles ; bracteas semicircular ; alabastra
terete, acute ; petals 6, linear-lanceolate ; filaments adnate a
long way to the petals. J? . P. S. Native of Peru. Loranthus
nodosus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 2. p. 601. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 119.
Leaves 3\ to 4 inches long, and 2^ to 3 inches broad. Corolla
3 or 3j inches long.
Knotted- branched Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
27 P. Mimsn ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves 3 in a
whorl, sessile, somewhat obliquely elliptic-oblong, or obovate,
rounded at the apex, coriaceous ; peduncles axillary, few-flower-
ed, bractless ; petals 6, linear, glabrous, concrete at the base?
T? . P. S. Native of South America, near Santa Fe de Bogota.
Loranthus Mutisii, II. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 439.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 124. Loranthus longifolius, Muds, ined.
ex Bonpl. Leaves 2^ to 3 inches long, and 1| broad. Flowers
half a foot long.
Mutis’s Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
28 P. divarica'tus ; glabrous; branches terete, divaricate;
leaves petiolate, oblong or elliptic, rounded at the apex, coria-
ceous, glaucescent ; peduncles panicled on the tops of the
branches, 3-flowered, bractless ; pedicels expanded into an entire
cupula under each flower ; petals 6, linear, glabrous ; anthers
incumbent. Tj . P. S. Native of South America, on the banks
of the Orinoco. Loranthus divaricatus, FI. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen amer. 3. p. 433. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 127. Flowers more
than an inch long. Leaves 10-15 lines long, and 5-9 broad.
Peduncles axillary and terminal.
Divaricate Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
29 P. acutifolius ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves petio-
late, lanceolate, very acute ; racemes axillary, one-half shorter
than the leaves, having the branchlets 1 -3-flowered ; flowers pe-
dicellate, furnished with a common acute bractea each ; petals 6,
linear, somewhat spatulate, erect to the middle, and conniving.
. P. S. Native of Peru, parasitical on trees, and in hedges at
Huanaco. Loranthus acutifolius, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 48.
t. 274. f. b. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 142. Leaves 2-3 inches long,
and nearly an inch broad ; petioles 2-3 lines long. Corolla white,
4-5 lines long. Berry oval, blackish.
Var. /3, Chilensis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 314.) racemes dense-
flowered, almost bractless ; petals erect beneath the middle, and
conniving, linear and acute at the apex. J? . P. G. Native of
Chili, where it was collected by Haenke. Loranthus acutifolius,
Presl, in herb. Haenke. Perhaps a distinct species.
Acute-leaved Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
30 P. ? Eschscholzia'nus ; branches terete, or a little angu-
lar, rough ; leaves subalternate, on very short petioles, rough,
ovate or roundish, obtuse, glabrous, coriaceous; peduncles
corymbosely racemose, terminal and axillary, erect, for the most
part 3-flowered: the middle flower sessile; bracteas ovate,
fringed at the apex, equal in length to the ovaria ; corolla 5-
cleft, clavate ; anthers fixed by the back, Jq . P. G. Native of
Chili. Loranthus Eschscholzianus, Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 117. Ovarium oblong. Corolla 3 lines long.
Eschscholz's Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
31 ? P. thyrsiflorus ; glabrous ; branches dichotomous or
trichotomous ; leaves broad-lanceolate, acutish or acuminated,
with pellucid cartilaginous margins ; racemes terminal and axil-
lary : flowers 2-3, sessile at the tops of the branchlets ; bracteas
ovate, acute, one under each flower ; corolla 6-parted, with linear
lobes; anthers versatile. . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loran-
thus thyrsiflorus, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 214.
3 H
418
LORANTHACEiE. VI. Psittacanthus.
VII. Tristerix. VIII. Dendropiitiioe.
Leaves 2 inches long, and 8-9 lines broad ; petioles 6-9 lines
long. Flowers 5 lines long. Limb of calyx very narrow, trun-
cate.
Thyrse-flowered Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
32 P. ? feagella'ris ; glabrous, sarmentose ; branches terete;
leaves sessile, linear, acute, coriaceous, with the middle nerve
hardly conspicuous ; racemes terminal, naked, erect ; lower pe-
dicels 3-flowered, superior ones 1-flowered; bracteas decidu-
ous, one under each flower ; calyx lacerated, truncate ; corolla
5- 6-parted, having the lobes linear and dilated at the apex ;
anthers versatile. T? • P* S. Native of Brazil ; of Chili, near
La Punta de San Luis, at El Acjuadita, and on the banks of El
Rio Chorillo. Loranthus flagellaris, Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 3. p. 213. Like Loranthus cuneifolius and sarmen-
tosus, Ruiz et Pav. in H. per. Corolla fine red, 6 lines long.
Style attenuated at the apex. Leaves 20 lines long and lA
broad.
Wldp Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
33 P. Berteroi; glabrous; branches terete; leaves alter-
nate, broad, elliptic, obtuse, tapering into the short petioles at
the base, coriaceous, with somewhat revolute margins ; peduncles
terminal, in dense corymbose racemes ; the partial peduncles
2-5-fiowered; flowers tubular, with 6 linear-spatulate, nearly
free segments ; filaments equal in length to the petals ; anthers
linear-oblong, oscillatory; style filiform, angular; stigma hardly
capitate ; ovarium roundish, exceeding the unilateral bractea,
which is roundish and denticulated at the apex. . P. G.
Native at Juan Fernandez, growing on Myrtus Fernandesianus.
Hook, et Arn. Loranthus Berteroi, Hook, et Am. in bot. misc.
3. p. 358. Loranthus venetus, Bertero, but not of Kunth. The
partial peduncles are simple, and bear 2 flowers, or are forked,
and then bear 3 or 5 flowers. The flowers are about an inch
long. It is probably a species of Strutlianthus.
Bertero’s Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
34 P. Schiedea'nus ; plant glabrous; branches subalately
tetragonal, dilated at the nodi ; leaves nearly opposite, on short
petioles, ovate-lanceolate, obliquely falcate, feather-veined, and
somewhat triple-nerved ; corymbs terminal ; bracteas cup-shap-
ed, one under each flower ; limb of calyx truncate. I? . P. S.
Native of Mexico, near Jalapa. Loranthus Schiedeanus, Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 5. p. 172. Allied to P. Jacquini, but
differs in the flowers being more slender, and about 2 inches long.
Schiede's Psittacanthus. Shrub par.
Cull. The flowers of all the species of this genus are very
showy, and comparatively large. The habit is that of honey-
suckle. Being all parasitical shrubs, they are not cultivable.
VII. TRFSTERIX (from rptig, treis, three, and tt repi^, pterix ,
a wing ; in reference to the 3 bracteas to the flowers). Mart,
in D. C. prod. 4. p. 671. — Loranthus species of authors.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Hexdndria, Monogynia. Flow'ers herma-
phrodite, each propped by 3 bracteas. Calyx cup-shaped or
cylindrical, with an entire border. Petals linear-spatulate, or
linear, bearing the stamens in the middle ; anthers fixed by the
back, incumbent, linear-oblong or ovate. Style filiform ; stigma
capitate. Berry ovate or elliptic. Racemes brachiate, lateral or
terminal.
1 T. viridiflorus ; glabrous ; primary branches subverticil-
late, rather compressed when young ; leaves opposite, on short
petioles, lanceolate, attenuated at both ends ; racemes axillary,
2-4 in a fascicle, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels remote, 1-
flo wered ; bracteas 3 under each flower, rather concrete ; corolla
6- cleft, having the middle of the tube angular, and the lobes
spreadingly reflexed ; stamens 6. Tj . P. S. Native of Nipaul,
upon trees. Loranthus viridiflorus, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
219. Corolla green, 3-4 lines long. Anthers adnate, ex Wall.
Green-flowered Tristerix. Shrub par.
2 T. tetra'ndrus ; branches terete, and are, as well as the
petioles and nerves of leaves, pubescent; leaves ovate, bluntish,
rather cordate, coriaceous, glabrous in the adult state ; corymbs
nearly sessile, dense, many flowered ; pedicels very short, pu-
bescent, having 3 bracteas under each flow'er ; corolla glabrous,
4-parted : lobes shell-formed at the apex and acute ; stamens 4 ;
anthers versatile. f; . P. G. Native of Chili, about Talca-
quano, Conception, El Valle del Rio Tingririca, and Valparaiso,
parasitical on Guevina and other trees, along with Loranthus
btixifolius, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 206. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 103. Loranthus tetrandrus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3.
p. 48. t. 275. The vernacular name of this species is Quintral
ex Bertero.
Tetrandrous Tristerix. Shrub par.
3 T. aphy'llus; much branched; branches nearly terete,
glabrous, short, leafless ; flowers pedicellate, somewhat corym-
bose ; bracteas 3 under each flower, somewhat concrete ; corolla
glabrous, 4-parted : lobes linearly cochleate at the apex ; sta-
mens 4; anthers versatile. T? • P* G. Native of Chili, para-
sitical upon Cereus Peruvianus at Rancagua, Coquimbo, Guardia
del Maypu, Villavicenzio in the Andes of Mendoza, Cordil-
lera of Chili, & c. Loranthus aphyllus, Miers, ex Bert, in litt.
829. Loranthus cactorum, Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. part,
bot. 1 . p. 25. Flowers like those of the preceding species. The
vernacular name of this plant is Quinlral de Quisco.
Leafless Tristerix. Shrub par.
4 T. Reinwardtia'nus ; leaves opposite, oblong, attenuated
at both ends, coriaceous, veinless beneath ; peduncles crou'ded,
axillary, 1-flowered ; flowers pentandrous or tetrandrous ; tube
of corolla very long, curved : lobes linear, secund, at length cir-
cinnately revolute at the top. ^ . P. S. Native of Java, in
w'oods on the mountains. Loranthus Reinwardtianus, Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 105. Loranthus coccineus, Reinw. in Blum, bijdr.
p. 664. but not of Jack.
Reimvardl’s Tristerix. Shrub par.
Cult. The species of this genus, like the rest of the genera
of this order, are not cultivable in gardens. Their habit is that
of Lonicera.
VIII. DENDROPHTHO'E (from ctvSpox, dendron, a tree,
and 0eipi o, phtheiro, to destroy; the
species destroy the trees on which they grow), Mart, in D. C.
prod. 4. p. 672. Loranthus, sect. Clandestini, D. C. prod. 4. p.
287.
Lin. syst. Tctrdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite,
4-parted, furnished with 3 jagged bracteas each, some of them
crowded in the axils of the leaves. Anthers fixed by the back,
ovate. Styles short ; stigma capitate. Berry ovate. Flowers
small, axillary, sessile, or in axillary racemes.
1 P. clandesti'na ; glabrous ; branches compressedly tetra-
gonal while young ; leaves opposite, obovate, coriaceous; flowers
axillary, solitary, sessile, small; petals 4, concave; anthers
ovate ; berries oblong. I? . P. S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Para, in woods. Loranthus clandestinus, Mart, in
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 96. Flowers hardly half a line long.
Bracteas suborbicular, jagged, one under each flower. Stamens
shorter than the petals, but equal in length to the style. The
anthers are said to be almost sessile.
Clandestine- flowered Phthirusa. Shrub par.
2 P. ? salicifoua ; branches compressedly tetragonal above ;
leaves opposite, lanceolate, acuminated, glaucous, coriaceous ;
racemes solitary, axillary, 3 times shorter than the leaves ;
pedicels 3-flowered, short, bearing 8 bracteas at the apex ;
petals 4, linear-lanceolate ; anthers roundish-ovate. . P. S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Loranthus
salicif olius. Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 102. Flowers small,
probably dioecious.
Willow-leaved Phthirusa. Shrub par.
3 P. ? Lucarque'nsis ; plant glabrous, much branched ;
branches terete ; leaves petiolate, roundish-elliptic, acute, round-
ed at the base, somewhat membranous, veiny, with the middle
nerve rather prominent ; racemes axillary and terminal, few-
flowered ; flowers almost sessile, scattered, bractless ; petals 4,
oblong, rather concave ; anthers unknown. Jj . P. S. Native
of Peru, in temperate parts near Lucarque. Loranthus Lucar-
quensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 440. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 102. Leaves an inch long, and 9-10 lines broad ;
petioles 4-5 lines long. Racemes 3 lines long. Flowers minute,
of a whitish yellow colour.
Lucarque Phthirusa. Shrub par.
Cult. The species of this genus do not possess any beauty,
and are not cultivable in the gardens.
X. SCU'RRULA (a diminutive of Scurra, a parasite ; plants
parasitical on trees). Loranthus, sect. iii. Scurrula, D. C. prod.
4. p. 301.
Lin. syst. Tetra- P entandria, Monogynia. Flowers herma-
phrodite. Petals 4-5, joined together into a long tube, which
is divided at the apex into 4 or 5 short unilateral lobes, usually
gibbous at the base, opening by a longitudinal fissure as in Lobelia.
Stamens 4-5 ; filaments adhering a long way to the corolla, but
free at the apex ; anthers fixed by the base, seldom by the
back, to the top of the filaments, oblong, erect. Style filiform
or clavate ; stigma capitate. Peduncles axillary, few-flowered,
or racemose, having a solitary bractea under each flower, which
is usually pressed to the ovarium.
§ 1. Flowers tetrandrous. Corolla 4- parted .
1 S. Roxbu'rghii ; branches terete, glabrous ; leaves oppo-
site, ovate, subcordate, white from soft down beneath ; peduncles
crowded in the axils of the leaves, very short, simple or branched,
1 or few-flowered ; bractea adpressed to the ovarium, which is
turbinate ; alabastra cylindrical, 4-lobed at the apex, and
having the tube cleft longitudinally. J? • P* S. Native of
Malabar, and probably of China, if the synonyme of Linnaeus
does not appertain to S. Chinensis. Loranthus Scurrula, Lin.
spec. 472. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 140. Corolla of a rusty grey colour
and mealy on the outside, but dark purple inside.
Roxburgh’s Scurrula. Shrub par.
2 S. Chine'nsis ; branchlets and young leaves clothed with
rusty villi : the rest glabrous ; leaves opposite, ovate, on short
petioles, coriaceous, obtuse, cuneated at the base ; peduncles
axillary, very short, bearing 2-5 umbellate pedicellate flowers;
bractea ovate, small, under the ovarium; limb of calyx truncate ;
corolla clavate, and curved in the bud, cleft longitudinally on
one side ; lobes of corolla 4, linear, short, reflexed. . P. G.
Native of China, where it was collected by Sir George Staunton.
Loranthus Chinensis, D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 7.
Chinese Scurrula. Shrub par.
3 S. pulverule'nta ; the younger parts of the plant are clothed
with mealy stellate tomentum; branches terete; leaves opposite,
petiolate, broad-ovate, acute, at length glabrous ; racemes lateral,
tomentose, in fascicles; flowers pedicellate; tube of corolla long,
terete, curved, cleft at the apex into 4 short unilateral reflexed
lobes. Ij.P. G. Native of Nipaul, on trees at Hetounra, and along
the banks of the river Rapti. Loranthus pulverulentus, Wall,
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 221. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 99. Petioles
an inch long. Leaves 5-7 inches long. Corolla more than an
inch long, mealy outside. Berry large, club-shaped, mealy.
Powdered Scurrula. Shrub par.
4 S. fascicula'ta ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oppo-
site, or somewhat verticillate, obovate, veiny above, but veinless
beneath, coriaceous ; fascicles lateral, few-flowered ; lobes of
corolla 4, reflexed, secund ; style longer than the exserted sta-
mens. Jj . P. S. Native of Java, near Linga Jattie, in the pro-
vince of Cheribon, on trees. Loranthus fasciculatus, Blum,
bijdr. p. 661. Loranthus odoratus, Blum, bijdr. p. 663. does
not differ from this species according to the author.
Fascicled-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
5 S. fu'sca ; glabrous ; branches terete, rather angular in the
young state ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, obovate, and
oval, acute at the base, coriaceous, beset with rusty dots be-
neath while young; peduncles axillary, 1-2-flowered; corolla
cleft on one side, having 4 erect lobes. Tj . P. S. Native of
Java, on Mounts Salak and Gede, on trees. Loranthus fuscus,
Blum, bijdr. p. 660. Genitals dark purple. Stigma capitate.
See Blum. bat. verhandl. 1823. p. 190.
Fuscous Scurrula. Shrub par.
G S. umbe'llifer ; glabrous; branches terete ; leaves oppo-
site, oblong-lanceolate, on short petioles, acute at the base ;
peduncles in fascicles, axillary, and lateral, pubescent, 3-flowered,
subumbellate ; corolla very long, slender, cleft into 4 linear re-
flexed segments at the apex; stigma clavate. ^ . P. S. Native
of Nipaul, on Mount Sheopore. Loranthus umbellifer, Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 97. Loranthus umbellatus, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 222. but not of Roth. Corolla of a bright red colour, curved,
pubescent. Peduncles clothed with ferruginous tomentum.
Umbel-bearing Scurrula. Shrub par.
7 S. cordifo ei a ; branches terete, villous, mealy while young;
422
LORANTHACEjE.
X. Scurrula.
leaves opposite, ovate-cordate, obtuse, villous on both surfaces,
petiolate ; racemes fascicled, villous, axillary ; corolla tubular,
clavate, villous, cleft at the apex into 4 short lanceolate lobes,
t? . P. G. Native of the East Indies, at Shreenagur. Loranthus
cordifolius, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 222. Schultes, syst. 7.p.
100. D. Don, prod. fl. nip- p. 143. New shoots, as well as all
the tender parts of the plant, covered with pale or white stellate
tomentum. Petioles an inch long. Corolla an inch long.
Cordate-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
8 S. budleioides; branches terete, velvety when young;
leaves usually opposite, ovate, on short petioles, glabrous above,
and clothed with fine velvety down beneath ; fascicles of flowers
axillary, on short peduncles, hardly longer than the petioles ;
bracteas ovate, small, one under each flower ; tube of corolla
arched, clothed with rusty velvety down, cleft into 4 linear-cu-
neated unequal lobes. ^ • P- S. Native of the East Indies.
S. budleioides, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 600. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 97.
Budleia-like Scurrula. Shrub par.
9 S. biflora ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves petiolate,
ovate-roundish, thickish ; peduncles axillary, 1-2, bifid, a little
shorter than the petioles ; bractea ovate, girding the base of the
ovarium ; bud of corolla slender, somewhat clavate at the apex,
arched, clothed with rufous velvety down. T? • P- S. Native
of the East Indies. Loranthus biflorus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3.
p. 600. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 119. Corolla 4-lobed.
Two-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
10 S. Piiilifpe'nsis ; branches terete, velvety from short
down when young, as well as the peduncles, bracteas, calyxes,
and corollas ; leaves on short petioles, oval, rather pubescent,
obtuse at both ends ; flowers few, in fascicles, axillary, on short
pedicels; bractea ovate, concave, small, under the ovarium;
limb of calyx truncate ; corolla cylindrical, cleft into 4 linear
nearly equal lobes at the apex ; style filiform, . P. S. Native
of the Philippine Islands. Loranthus Philippensis, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 204. Leaves 3 inches long and an
inch broad. Corolla 7-8 lines long. Stigma small, capitate.
Anthers linear, erect.
Philippine Scurrula. Shrub par.
1 1 S. vesti'ta ; branches terete ; branchlets, petioles, under
side of leaves, peduncles, bracteas, and flowers, clothed with
rusty, mealy, velvety, stellate tomentum ; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acute, shining above, and glabrous ; fascicles of flowers
numerous, on short peduncles in the axils of the fallen leaves ;
bractea concave, small under the ovarium ; limb of calyx some-
what 4-toothed ; corolla cylindrical, 4-cleft ; lobes of corolla 4,
linear, unilateral, reflexed. I? . P. G. Native of Nipaul, on
the mountains of Chandagiri and Sheopore. Loranthus vestitus,
Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 218, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
143. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. t. 230. Plant stout. Fascicles
numerous, few'- flowered, in the axils of the fallen leaves. Co-
rolla cylindrical, with a subglobular apex before expansion,
afterwards its limb bursts into 4 linear reflexed segments. On
the outside the flower is rust or cinnamon coloured, and within
purple and smooth. Berry oblong, tomentose.
Clothed Scurrula. Shrub par.
12 S. l^viga'ta; branches terete, glabrous, when young
compressed ; leaves petiolate, opposite, elliptic-oblong, obtuse,
glabrous, smooth ; peduncles axillary, branched, 7-8-flowered,
4 times shorter than the leaves, and are, as well as the flowers,
rather velvety from rusty down ; bractea lateral, small ; tube of
corolla terete, cleft on one side : lobes 4, oblong. ^ . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Tavoy, in the Burme.-e Empire. Lo-
ranthus laevigatus, Wall. mss. Flowerbud 7-8 lines long,
regular while young. Anthers erect. Stigma rather capitate.
Smooth Scurrula. Shrub par.
1
13 S. rufi'dula ; branches terete, glabrous in the adult state,
but when young angularly subcompressed ; leaves opposite, pe-
tiolate, elliptic-oblong, acutish, glabrous, or clothed with rufous
velvety down on the nerves beneath ; bractea lateral, small, con-
cave ; corolla with a terete tube, and 4 oblong lobes. 1? . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Tavoy, in the Burmese Empire.
Loranthus rigidulus, Wall. mss. This is hardly distinct from
S. Icevigata.
Small-rufous Scurrula. Shrub par.
14 S. lepidota ; branches terete, compressed while young,
beset with velvety dots at first, but at length glabrous ; leaves
nearly opposite, oval, beset with rusty dots beneath ; corolla 4-
cleft, curved, elongated, covered with rusty dots : lobes reflexed,
unilateral. J?. P. S. Native of the western parts of Java, on
the higher ranges of mountains. Loranthus lepidotus, Blum,
bijdr. p. 660. bat. verb. 1823. p. 192. but not of Schultes.
Lepidoted Scurrula. Shrub par.
15 S. rugulosa; glabrous; branchlets rather compressed,
but at length terete ; leaves opposite or alternate, on very short
petioles, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, glaucous, reticulately wrink-
led, with smooth cartilaginous margins ; racemes axillary, oppo-
site, simple, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas concave, one at
the side of each ovarium ; corolla tubular, arched : limb of 4
lanceolate lobes. F? . P. S. Native of the East Indies. Lo-
ranthus rugulosus, Roth, nov. spec. p. 194. Schultes, syst. 7. p.
101. Corolla nearly an inch and a half long.
Wrinkled- leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
16 S. coryni'tis ; leaves opposite, broad-lanceolate; flowers
axillary, few, aggregate, tetrandrous ; corolla irregular, 4-cleft;
berry clavate. Ij • P. S. Native of the East Indies, in Silhet,
parasitical on Averrhoa Carambdla. Loranthus corynitis, Spreng.
cur. post. p. 140. Loranthus clavatus, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 210.
but not of Lam. The rest unknown.
CVwi-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
17 S. ? obova'tus ; leaves nearly opposite, obovate, glabrous ;
racemules crowded, axillary ; flowers tetrandrous ; tube of corolla
elongated. . P. S. Native of Java, about Linga Jattie, on
trees. Loranthus obovatus, Blum, bijdr. p. 663.
Obovate-\ea\ed Scurrula. Shrub par.
§2. Flowers pentandrous. Corolla 5-lobed.
* Species natives of Af rica.
18 S. Thonni'ngii ; branches terete, compressed at the apex ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, somewhat acuminated, coriaceous, gla-
brous and dark green above, somewhat canescent beneath from
almost imperceptible down, as well as the branchlets ; peduncles
1-3, axillary, short, bearing each 3-4 umbellate flowers on short
pedicels ; bracteas small, ovate, lateral, one under each pedicel ;
fruit ovate. T? . P. S. Native of Guinea, where it was col-
lected by Thonning. Loranthus Thonmngii, D. C. prod. 4. p.
303. Loranthus clavatus, Thonn. mss. but not of Lam. Flowers
unknown.
Thonning' s Scurrula. Shrub par.
19 S. rufe'scens ; branches terete, rather compressed at the
apex ; young leaves, peduncles, and flowers clothed with rusty
down ; leaves petiolate, oval, obtuse at both ends, coriaceous ;
peduncles 1-3 together, shorter than the petioles, bearing 2-3 1-
flowered pedicels; bracteas lateral, oblong, 1 undereach pedicel;
flower-bud pentagonal at the apex ; fruit ovate. 1? . P. S. Na-
tive of Senegambia, near Nghianga, on trees. Loranthus ru-
fescens, D. C. prod. 4. p. 303. Alabastra 3 lines long. Calyx
truncately urceolate. Very nearly allied to S. Thonningii.
Rufescent Scurrula. Shrub par.
20 S. sessilifolia ; glabrous; branches terete, simple; leaves
sessile, opposite, ovate-roundish, cordate at the base ; flowers
LORANTHACEjE. X. Scurrula.
423
many in the axils, fascicled, sessile, deflexed ; corolla tumid at
the base, narrowed above, cleft longitudinally, hence it is ex-
panded into a 5-lobed ligula on one side. 1? . P. S. Native of
Africa, at Koto or Keta. Loranthus sessilifolius, Beauv. fl.
d’ow. 2. p. 8. t. 23. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 108. The anthers are
delineated in the figure versatile.
Sessile-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
21 S. Belvisii; glabrous; branches simple, terete; leaves
on short petioles, nearly opposite and alternate, broad ovate-
lanceolate, acute ; peduncles very short, axillary, numerous,
fascicled, 1 -flowered, deflexed; corolla tumid at the base, nar-
rowed above, cleft laterally, expanded into a 5-lobed ligula at
the apex ; anthers somewhat versatile. . P. S. Native of
Africa, in the kingdom of Waree, at ChamaorSama. Loranthus
Belvisii, D. C. prod. 4. p. 303. Loranthus lanceolatus, Beauv.
fl. d’ow. 2. p. 8. t. 64. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 108. but not of Ruiz
et Pav.
Belvis’s Scurrula. Shrub par.
22 S. pentagonia; glabrous ; branches terete; leaves on
short petioles, ovate or lanceolate, coriaceous, almost veinless,
glaucous ; flowers 4-5, in the axils of the leaves, sessile, crowded ;
bractea calyciform under the ovarium ; corolla tumid at the base,
and contracted under the middle, clavate, and pentagonal at the
apex before expansion, but at length expanded into a 5-lobed
ligula ; filaments indexed ; style tumid and pentagonal under
the apex ; stigma capitate. T? . P. S. Native of Senegal, on
trees. Loranthus pentagonia, D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 8. This
species is easily distinguished from the rest in the form of the
style and flower-bud. It is very like S. Belvisii.
Pentagonal-Cowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
23 S. dobone.efolia ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves on
short petioles, elongated, oblong-linear, obtuse, attenuated at the
base, thick and coriaceous, glaucous, almost nerveless ; flowers
2-3 together, sessile, crowded ; bracteas cup-shaped, one under
each ovarium ; alabastra cylindrical ; corolla tumid at the base,
but somewhat constricted above, expanded into a 5-lobed ligula
at the apex ; filaments inflexed ; style tumid at the apex and
pentagonal; stigma capitate. T? . P. S. Native of Senegal, on
the trunks of tamarind trees. Loranthus dodoneaefolius, D. C.
coll. mem. vi. t. 9. Allied to S. pentagonia.
Dodoncea-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
24 S. glau'ca ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves alternate,
opposite, and 3 in a whorl, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse,
covered with a glaucous bloom ; peduncles axillary, erect, bear-
ing each 3 flowers at the apex, on short pedicels ; corolla rather
tumid at the base, constricted in the middle, and divided at the
apex into 5 linear revolute lobes ; anthers linear, erect. . P.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Loranthus glaucus,
Thunb. fl. cap. p. 295. but not Ruiz et Pav. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 104. Moquinia rubra, Spreng. ex Zeyh. in herb. Moricand.
Habit almost of S. olecefolia, but differs in the anthers being
long and linear, not oval, and in the stamens being free, not con-
crete.
I ar. (i, Burchellii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 303.) leaves more re-
mote and narrower, and less glaucous in the dried state. 1) . P.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch, cat. pi. afr.
austr. no. 2887.
Glaucous Scurrula. Shrub par.
25 S. oleajfolia ; branches terete ; leaves opposite, oblong,
silky, bluntish, feather-nerved ; peduncles axillary, very short,
bearing each 3 almost sessile flowers at the apex ; corolla tumid
at the base, and narrowed above, tubular, 5-lobed : lobes short,
deflexed; stamens monadelphous ; anthers oblong, fixed by the
base. fj . P. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Loran-
thus oleaefolius, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 209.
Lichtensteinia oleaefolia, Wendl. coll. 2. p. 4. t. 39. Loranthus
speciosus, Dietr. Corolla red. Ovarium 1 -celled ; cell pen-
tagonal, 1 -seeded, ex Cham, et Schlecht. not 5-seeded.
Olive-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
26 S. cane'scens ; every part of the plant is canescent ;
leaves oval, obtuse, small. . P. S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in arid places on the branches of Lycium. Loranthus
canescens, Burch, cat. geogr. 1119. trav. afr. 2. p. 90.
Canescent Scurrula. Shrub par.
27 S. clava'ta ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
on short petioles, oval, obtuse, coriaceous, almost veinless, rusty
beneath ; peduncles many, crowded, very short, in the axils of
the leaves, dilated under the apex into a somewhat discoid brac-
tea ; limb of calyx 5-toothed; alabastra cylindrical, clavate;
corolla at length cleft laterally, 5-lobed ; style striately angular.
1) . P. S. Native of Madagascar. Loranthus clavatus, Lam.
diet. 3. p. 598. but not of Roxb. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 106.
Filaments of stamens adnate a long way to the corolla ; anthers
oblong, erect, terminal.
Clavate -Cowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
* * Species natives of Asia.
28 S. Hajnkea'na ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves petio-
late, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse or acuminated, coriaceous, obso-
letely veined ; peduncles from the forks of the branches erect,
bearing 3-flowered pedicels ; bracteas ovate, concave, one under
each ovarium ; calyx pubescent, entire ; corolla tubular, cleft
laterally on one side : lobes 5, linear, reflexed. T? • P. S. Na-
tive of the island of Luzon. Loranthus Haenkeanus, Presl, in
herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 304. Schultes, syst. 7. p.
113. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and 1^ to 2 inches broad, on
petioles 8-10 lines long. Corolla 3-4 lines long, glabrous. Calyx
reddish.
Hcenlce's Scurrula. Shrub par.
29 S. malifolia ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves ovate,
acute, petiolate, coriaceous, obsoletely veined ; peduncles axil-
lary, solitary, reflexed, bearing a dense umbel of flowers ; pedi-
cels and calyxes clothed with rusty pubescence ; limb of calyx
nearly entire ; corolla 5-cleft beyond the middle, and somewhat
laterally cleft; lobes linear, reflexed. Jj . P. S. Native of the
island of Luzon. Loranthus malifolius, Presl, in herb. Haenke,
ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 304. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 113. Perhaps
sufficiently distinct from S. Hcenkeana.
Apple-leaved Scurrula. Shrub par.
30 S. longiflora ; glabrous ; leaves oval-oblong, obtuse,
veiny, coriaceous : upper ones rather cordate at the base ; racemes
axillary, simple, short, subeorymbose ; bracteas concave, one
under each ovarium ; limb of calyx entire: corolla long, clavate,
contracted beneath the limb : lobes 5, unequal, cuneated. 1? . P.
S. Native of Malabar and Pondicherry. Loranthus longi-
florus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 498. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 217. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 112. Walli-Iti-canni, Rheed. mal.
10. p. 5. t. 4. Flowers purple, curved, 20 lines long. Anthers
linear, inserted by the base.
Long -flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
31 S. incarna'ta ; plant while young beset with deciduous
stellate down ; leaves alternate, on short petioles, broad-ovate,
acute, nerved ; racemes rising beneath the leaves, hoary from
wool ; flowers nearly sessile, each furnished with 1 bractea ; limb
of calyx 5-toothed ; tube of corolla gibbous at the base, but con-
stricted a little above the base : limb 5-parted : lobes reflexed ;
stigma clavate. Tj . P. S. Native of the East Indies, in the
island of Pulo Nias. Loranthus incarnatus, Jack, in Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 213. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 111. Leaves 9 inches long.
Corolla above 2 inches long, slightly tomentose without, pale
rosy, with a greenish limb ; tube gibbous below, contracted a
little above the base, then widening upwards till it suffers a
424
LORANTHACEAL X. Scurrula.
second contraction before expansion into the limb, which is about
a fourth the length of the tube, 5-parted, with reflexed seg-
ments. Berry mealy, ovate, 1 -seeded. This is a beautiful species.
Flesh-coloured,-^ owered Scurrula. Shrub par.
32 S. e'legans ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oppo-
site, or nearly alternate, oblong, obtuse, somewhat cuneated at
the base, with undulated margins, almost veinless, coriaceous ;
racemes axillary, short, twin or tern, erect, 5-7-flowered ; corolla
terete, somewhat incurved, 5-lobed : lobes linear, spreadingly
reflexed, nearly equal ; style exserted beyond the anthers. 1 ? .
P. S. Native of the East Indies, near Yenangenn. Loranthus
elegans, Wall. cat. no. 530. Leaves 2 inches long, and 9 lines
broad. Corolla glabrous, an inch and a half long, red. Anthers
linear, erect. Calyx truncate. Bracteas lateral, small, one un-
der each ovarium.
Elegant Scurrula. Shrub par.
33 S. cyli'ndrica ; glabrous ; leaves alternate, petiolate, lan-
ceolate, acute at both ends, smooth, nerved ; racemes axillary,
stiff, length of the leaves ; flowers pedicellate, rather distant
from each other, each girded at the base by a bractea on
the outer side ; limb of calyx almost entire ; limb of corolla
much longer than the tube, which is cylindrical, with re-
flexed segments. Tj . P. S. Native of Sumatra. Loranthus
cylindricus, Jack, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 213. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 110. D. C. prod. 4. p. 305. Leaves 4-5 inches long ; pe-
tioles about an inch long. Corolla red, perfectly cylindrical,
before expansion, 5-petalled ; limb reflexed, 3 times as long as
the tube ; petals linear, separating almost to the base. Ovarium
cylindrical, 1 -seeded. Flowers sometimes tetrandrous.
Cylindrical-i lowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
34 S. I'ndica ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves nearly op-
posite, ovate-oblong, on short petioles, bluntish, feather-nerved ;
racemes axillary, or nearly terminal, solitary, simple, shorter than
the leaves ; flowers on short peduncles, each peduncle bearing
1-3 sessile flowers at the top, each flower propped by an ovate
bractea ; petals 5, linear, acute, hardly concrete at the base : the
border reflexed ; anthers linear, erect. . P. S. Native of the
island of Timor, and probably elsewhere in India. Loranthus
I'ndicus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 601. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 149.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 305. Lonicera Zeylanica, Gaertn. fruct. 1.
p. 137. t. 27.? Corolla purple, glabrous, 7-8 lines long.
Leaves 3 inches long, 1 or 1-| broad, on petioles, which are 2-3
lines long. Berry ovate.
Indian Scurrula. Shrub par.
35 S. turbina'ta ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves sub-
alternate, on short petioles, oval or oblong, obtuse or acutish,
thick ; peduncles axillary, 2-3-cleft, much shorter than the
leaves ; bracteas ovate, one under each ovarium, which is turbi-
nate ; limb of calyx unequally and bluntly 5-toothed. Ij . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, on the Nelligherry mountains, where it
is called Mandjil, along with other species, by the natives.
Loranthus turbinatus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 305. Leaves 3 inches
long, and 12-16 lines broad; petioles 3-6 lines long. Corolla
unknown, and is only judged to belong to the present section of
the genus in the calyx being said to be 5-parted.
Turbinate-fruited Scurrula. Shrub par.
36 S. uf color ; glabrous ; leaves nearly opposite, on short
petioles, from oval to lanceolate, thick, undulated, hardly
veined ; racemes axillary, simple, solitary, many flowered ;
bracteas concave, cordate, small, one adpressed to each ovarium
on the outer side ; calyx cup-shaped, with an entire border ;
corolla long, tubular, a little curved, swelling from the bottom
to within a third of the mouth, then contracting a little, with a
5-parted border ; upper fissure much the deepest ; lobes linear,
reflexed towards one side ; stigma clavate ; berry oblong,
smooth, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. 1? . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, frequent on trees. Loranthus bicolor, Roxb. cor. 2. p.
19. t. 139. fl. ind. 2. p. 205. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 109. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 305. Flowers the size and appearance, and much
like those of a honeysuckle, red at the base, and green at the
apex, nearly 1^ inch long. Anthers exserted, linear, fixed by
the base. Leaves from 3-5 inches long, and from ^ to 1 inch in
breadth.
Two-coloured-dowexed Scurrula. Shrub par.
37 S. falca'ta ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oppo-
site, on short petioles, linear, glaucous, coriaceous, obtuse,
laterally falcate ; racemes axillary, few-flowered ; bracteas short,
one under each ovarium on one side ; alabastra falcate, cylindri-
cal, pentagonal at the apex : lobes of corolla 5 ; anthers linear-
oblong, inserted by the base. fj . P. S. Native of Madras.
Loranthus falc&tus, Lin. fil. suppl. 211. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 150.
The flowers are fulvous according to Linnaeus.
Falcate- dowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
38 S. venosa ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves subalter-
nate or opposite, oval, attenuated at both ends, coriaceous, hav-
ing the veins blood coloured beneath ; racemes axillary, much
shorter than the leaves, rather canescent ; limb of calyx some-
what 5-toothed ; tube of corolla more or less cleft on one side :
lobes 5, reflexed, unilateral ; berries oblong-conical. Tj . P. S.
Native of Java, at Buitenzorg, upon trees. Loranthus venosus,
Blum, bijdr. p. 668. bat. verhandl. 1823. p. 188. Corolla 4-5
lines long. Leaves variable in form. Style a little longer than
the stamens ; stigma capitate. Anthers linear, adnate. Blum.
1. c.
Veiny Scurrula. Shrub par.
39 S. penta'ndra (Lin. mant. p. 63.) glabrous ; branches
terete ; leaves alternate, on short petioles, oblong, bluntish,
thickish ; racemes axillary, solitary, few-flowered, and are, as
well as the flowers, covered with velvety mealy down ; bracteas
ovate, one under each ovarium ; limb of calyx bluntly 5-toothed ;
bud of corolla cylindrical ; petals 5, linear. ^ . P. S. Native
of Java, on trees. Loranthus pentandrus, Lin. mant. p. 63.
Blum, bijdr. p. 661. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 110. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 305. Leaves 4 inches long, and an inch broad. Corolla 7
lines long, purplish inside. Anthers erect.
Var. (d.flavus (Blum, bijdr. p. 661. under Loranthus ) racemes
crowded; tube of corolla inflated. Ij . P. S. Native of Java,
on trees, about Buitenzorg.
Pentandrous Scurrula. Shrub par.
40 S. amplexifolia ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves ses-
sile, opposite, cordate at the base, orbicular, coriaceous, mar-
ginate ; flowers racemose; bracteas rather concave, orbicular,
one under each ovarium on one side ; corolla cylindrical, con-
tracted under the apex ; lobes oblong. Ij . P. S. Native of
the East Indies, on the Nelligherry mountains, where it was col-
lected by Noton. Loranthus amplexifolius, D. C. prod. 4. p.
305. Loranthus amplexicaulis, Wall. mss. but not of Kunth.
Corolla 15 lines long, of a brownish purple colour. Anthers
linear, erect. Calyx truncate. Upper leaves 2 inches in dia-
meter.
Clasping-leaxed Scurrula. Shrub par.
41 S. iietera'ntha ; glabrous; branches terete, angular while
young ; leaves alternate, on short petioles, elliptic or lanceolate,
somewhat attenuated at both ends, thick, and coriaceous ; racemes
axillary, length of the leaves ; pedicels twice the length of the
calyx ; bracteas convex, short, one under each ovarium on the
outside ; bud of corolla nearly straight, somewhat pentagonal :
with 5 linear lobes ; anthers erect, linear, twice the length of the
filaments. Tj . P. S. Native of the East Indies, at Martaban.
Loranthus heteranthus, Wall. cat. no. 537. Leaves 4 inches
long, and 15-18 lines broad. Flowers 8-10 lines long. Calyx
truncate.
LORANTHACEiE. X. Scurrula. XI. Elytranthe.
425
Variable-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
42 S. prjElo'nga ; leaves alternate, oval, obtuse, tapering a
little at the base, glabrous, of the consistence of parchment ;
racemes axillary ; flowers secund ; tube of corolla very long,
clavate, angular, . P. S. Native of Java, near Tjiradjas.
Loranthus praelongus, Blum, bijdr. p. 664. Schultes, syst. 7. p.
112. Allied to S. clavata and S. longiflora. Tube of corolla yel-
low, nearly 3 inches long : lobes linear, channelled inside, greenish.
Longest-^ owered Scurrula. Shrub par.
43 S. curva'ta ; leaves opposite or alternate, oblong, blunt-
ish, acute at the base, coriaceous, rather veiny, glabrous ; ra-
cemes axillary, solitary; tube of corolla elongated, curved : lobes
reflexed. Tj . P. S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak, parasiti-
cal on trees. Loranthus curvatus, Blum, bijdr. p. 665. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 110. Tube of corolla nearly 1§ inch long, yellow,
but having the limb of a pale orange colour. Anthers adnate,
elongated.
Curved- flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
44 S. bractea'ta ; every part of the plant clothed with grey
starry tomentum ; branches terete ; leaves small, alternate, ob-
ovate, obtuse, tapering to the base, on rather long petioles ; um-
bels axillary, 5-flowered ; bracteas oblong, tongue-shaped, one
under each ovarium ; corolla long, slender, cylindrical at the base,
but widening at the apex, with the throat contracted : lobes
linear, unilateral, much shorter than the tube. Tj . P. S. Native
of the East Indies. Loranthus bracteatus, Heyne, in Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 220. Loranthus Heyneanus and L. tomentosus,
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 105 and 106. Loranthus tomentosus, Roth,
nov. spec. p. 191. Umbels densely villous ; pedicels one-third
of an inch long.
Bracteale Scurrula. Shrub par.
45 S. goodenijEFolia ; branches terete, glabrous ; leaves
alternate, obovate-cuneated, obtuse, somewhat emarginate, ta-
pering into the petioles at the base, rather veiny, glabrous in the
adult state, but canescent in the young state from stellate deci-
duous down ; peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowered ; bracteas ovate,
acute, one under each ovarium ; tube of calyx pubescent, with
5 rather ciliated teeth ; corolla cylindrical, cleft on one side :
lobes 5, linear, reflexed, unilateral ; style filiform. Tj • P- S.
Native of the East Indies, on the Nelligherry mountains, where
it is called Mandjil, and where it was collected by Leschenault.
Loranthus goodeniaefolius, D. C. prod. 4. p. 306. Very nearly
allied to S. lobeliajldra.
Goodenia-Jlowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
46 S. lobeli^flora ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves ob-
ovate-cuneated, obtuse, tapering into the petioles, sparingly
veined; pedicels 1-2, axillary, 1 -flowered, very short, spread-
ing ; bracteas ovate, acute, one under each ovarium ; tube of
calyx cylindrical, cleft on the inner side : lobes 5, linear, re-
flexed, unilateral ; style filiform. 1? . P. S. Native of the south
of India, where it is called Vira-marum and pile-rivi by the
natives, and where it was collected by Leschenault. Loranthus
lobeliaeflorus, D. C. piod. 4. p. 306. Leaves an inch long, and
4 lines broad. Corolla an inch long, red in the dry state. Lo-
ranthus cuneatus, Roth, nov. spec. p. 193.?
Lobelia-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
47 S. ela'stica ; glabrous ; branches strong, columnar : in-
ternodes short ; leaves sessile, thick, ovate, acutish, obscurely
5-nerved; flowers almost sessile, in fascicles about the joints ;
tube of corolla cylindrical : having the limb beaked before ex-
pansion : segments linear, short, separating from the base up-
wards, revolute. I? . P. S. Native of Malabar. Loranthus
elasticus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 599. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 217. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 107. Belutta-Itti-cani, Rheed.
mal. 10. p. 7. t. 3. The leaves are remarkably thick, and ap-
pear both trinerved and triple-nerved.
VOL. III.
.Elastic-flowered Scurrula. Shrub par.
48 S. Reinwardtia'na; leaves opposite, oblong, attenuated
at both ends, coriaceous, veinless beneath ; peduncles crowded,
axillary, 1 -flowered ; tube of corolla very long, curved: lobes
linear, unilateral, at length circinnately revolute. Jj . P. S.
Native of Java, on the mountains. Loranthus Reinwardtianus,
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 105. Loranthus coccineus, Reinw. in Blum,
bijdr. p. 664. but not of Jack.
Reinwardt’ s Scurrula. Shrub par.
49 S. Kojnigia'nus ; glabrous ; leaves nearly opposite, on
short petioles, elliptic, veiny ; racemes axillary ; pedicels de-
flexed ; calyx rather truncate; corolla 5-cleft, clavate. I? . P. S.
Native of the East Indies. Loranthus Koenigianus, Agardh, in
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 108.
Koenig’s Scurrula. Shrub par.
Cult. The species of this genus are easily distinguished from
the rest that are broken off from the old genus Loranthus in the
tube of the corolla being curved, and bulged at the base on one
side, as in Lobelia, cleft longitudinally on the upper side, and the
segments all leaning to the lower side, and reflexed. The
plants have the habit of honeysuckle, but are not cultivable.
XI. ELYTRA'NTHE (from eXvrpov, elytron, a case or sheath,
and at doc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the joined bracteas
forming a sheath under the flower). Lepeostegeres and Ely-
tranthe species of Blum, in litt. 1829. Loranthus species of
authors. Loranthus, sect. iii. Symphyanthus, § 1-3-4 and 5.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 296 — 299.
Lin. syst. Penta-Hexandria, Monogynia. Flowers herma-
phrodite, pentamerous or hexamerous. Petals 5-6, joined to-
gether into a tube to the middle, and therefore divided to the
middle into a 5-6 cleft regular limb. Stamens 5-6 : filaments ad-
nate to the petals at the base, and free at the apex ; anthers
fixed by the base, erect. Style filiform ; stigma obtuse.
Racemesaxillary: flowers bracteate. — This genus differs from
Struthanthus in the corolla being gamopetalous, and from Den-
drophthoe, to which it comes nearest, in the flowers being race-
mose, not corymbose, and in each flower being usually furnished
with more bracteas than one, which are not cup-shaped nor ob-
lique, as in that genus : it also differs from Scurrula in the limb
of the corolla being regular, not as in that genus unilateral ; and
from Loxanthcra in the anthers not being oscillatory.
§ 1. Angulijlbri (from angulus, an angle, and jlos, a flower ;
the flowers are more or less hexagonal from crests at the base).
Flowers tubular, usually tumid at the base, and more or less
hexagonal from crests, dividing into 6 lobes to the middle; an-
thers erect. Bracteoles 3, joined together under each flower.
1 E. retu'sa ; glabrous ; leaves opposite, on short petioles,
obovate-oblong, coriaceous, retuse, or emarginate, with the
lateral nerves indistinct ; racemes short, usually solitary, rising
from the axils of the fallen leaves ; flowers pedicellate, each
furnished with 1-2 bracteas at the base; limb of calyx entire;
tube of corolla clavate, gibbous, and angular, contracted at
the limb : lobes 5-6, lanceolate, reflexed. fj . P. S. Native
of the Island of Singapore. Loranthus retftsus, Jack, in
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 212. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 112. The plant
fastens itself by long runners to trees. Leaves smooth, about 3
inches long. Margin of calyx entire. Tube of corolla clavate,
gibbous, and angled above, rosy, suddenly contracted at the
limb, which is yellowish green, having the lobes or segments
shorter than the tube.
Eefwse-leaved Elytranthe. Shrub par.
2 E. ampulla'cea ; glabrous ; leaves opposite, on short pe-
tioles, oblong, polished ; racemes axillary, solitary^ or in pairs,
much shorter than the leaves ; flowers opposite, on short pedi-
3 I
426
LORANTHACEjE.
XI. Elytranthe.
cels ; bracteas ovate, one at the base of each pedicel, and 2
others pressing the base of the germ, like an inferior bilabiate
calyx ; limb of calyx entire, rotate ; corolla with a gibbous tube,
and a 6-cleft regular border, the divisions revolute, and rather
spatulate ; anthers ovate ; style longer than the corolla : stigma
large; berry long, oval. . P. S. Native of the East Indies,
in the forests of Silhet, but seems to prefer the Mango trees to
all others. Loranthus ampullaceus, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 209.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 149. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and rather
less than 2 inches broad. Flowers pretty large, greenish yellow.
Berry yellow, size of a currant.
Amjmllaceous Elytranthe. Shrub par.
3 E. carina'tula ; glabrous ; leaves opposite, petiolate, el-
liptic, somewhat acuminated ; racemes spiked, 7-flowered, 3 times
longer than the petioles ; bracteas 2, subconcrete under each
flower ; limb of calyx hardly any ; tube of corolla inflated, hexago-
nal: lobes 6, oblong; style shorter than the corolla, Ij . P. S. Na-
tive of the East Indies, at Martaban, and at Cheppedon. Loran-
thus carinatulus, Wall. mss. D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 3. Very
like E. ampullacea.
Little-keeled Elytranthe. Shrub par.
4 E. viridiflora ; glabrous ; primary branches somewhat
verticillate, rather compressed while young ; leaves opposite, on
short petioles, lanceolate, tapering at both ends ; racemes axil-
lary, and from the cicatrices of the fallen leaves, 2-3-together,
sessile, one-third shorter than the leaves ; pedicels 1 -flowered,
remote ; bracteas 3, rather concrete under each ovarium ; tube
of corolla slightly ventricose, bluntly 6-cornered : having the
limb divided regularly into 6, rarely into 5 linear-clavate re-
flexed segments, which are nearly as long as the tube, their in-
side rugose, their extremity broadish, concave, acute. T? . P. S.
Native on trees in the forest of Gonkurrun, in the valley of
Nipaul. Loranthus viridiflorus, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
219. Leaves smooth, about 3 inches long, rather conspicu-
ously reticulated, less coriaceous than in most other species.
Flowers green, rather remote, with the tube an inch and a half
long. Filaments attached to the segments of the corolla, running
down to their base. Style filiform ; stigma rugose. Berry
small, ovate.
Green-flowered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
5 E. subglobosa ; glabrous; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
linear-oblong, on very short petioles, attenuated at both ends ;
peduncles axillary, simple, 4 times shorter than the leaves ;
bracteas trifid, or 3 concrete ones under each flower : tube of
corolla inflated, ovate, hexagonal : the limb divided into 6 linear-
oblong erect segments. ^ . P. S. Native of the East Indies,
on the banks of the Irawaddy, parasitical on trees. Loranthus
subglobosus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 297. Leaves 3 inches long, and
8 lines broad. Corolla 8 lines long, and the tube 3 lines in
diameter. Anthers erect. Stigma small, capitate.
AM&gfo&ose-flowered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
6 E. pa'llens ; glabrous ; branches terete, compressed while
young ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ovate, ending in a
short blunt acumen, coriaceous, rather glaucous ; racemes axil-
lary, short, few-flowered ; bracteas lateral, ovate, small, one un-
der each ovarium ; flower-bud hexagonal at the base, having the
tube at length broadly obconical : lobes 6, reflexed from the
middle. . P. S. Native of the island of Pulo-Penang. Lo-
ranthus pallens, Wall. cat. no. 523. Leaves 3 inches long, and
usually about 2 inches broad.
Pale Elytranthe. Shrub par.
7 E. oleoides ; glabrous ; branches terete, when young rather
compressed ; leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, opposite,
on short petioles, stiff, rather glaucous ; peduncles axillary,
short, few-flowered ; flowers unknown ; bracteas lateral, round-
ish, one under each ovarium ; berries ovate, . P. S. Native
1
of the island of Pulo-Penang. Loranthus oleoides, D. C. prod.
4. p. 297. Loranthus oleifolius, Wall. mss. but not of Cham,
et Schlecht. Allied to E. pallens, ex Wall.
Olive-like Elytranthe. Shrub par.
8 E. globosa ; plant glabrous, branched ; leaves opposite,
though sometimes alternate, and 3 in a whorl, oblong, coriaceous,
smooth, almost veinless; racemes or spikes axillary, or between
the leaves, or from the axils of the fallen leaves, generally soli-
tary, but sometimes 2-3 together, much shorter than the leaves ;
flowers sessile, opposite, from 3-6 pairs on each spike ; bracteas
no other than the perianth of the fruit, but according to D. C.
they are cordate ; limb of calyx truncate ; tube of corolla gib-
bous, 6-sided : limb 6-parted : segments regular, reflexed ; berry
round-oval, size of a pea. . P. S. Native of the East Indies,
throughout Bengal on trees. Loranthus globosus, Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 206. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers small, of a
greenish orange colour. Perianth of the fruit inferior, 2-leaved,
the under and exterior cordate, the inner bidentate : that of the
flower no other than the circular margin of the pit, which re-
ceives the flower. Filaments inserted at the base of the seg-
ments of the corolla. Berry smooth, size of a pea, when ripe
the pulp is yellow, clammy, and elastic.
Globose fl owered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
9 E. Formosa ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves nearly op-
posite, ovate-oblong, coriaceous, almost veinless ; racemules
crowded, lateral ; tube of corolla very long, clavate, angular.
T? . P. S. Native of Java, upon trees on Mount Salak. Loran-
thus formosus, Blum, bijdr. p. 664. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 149.
Flowers scarlet, showy : segments of corolla revolute, somewhat
secund, with dark purple margins. Anthers linear, adnate.
Stigma obtuse. Corolla nearly 2 inches long. Perhaps a species
of Scurrula.
Showy Elytranthe. Shrub par.
10 E. sph.eroca'rpa ; glabrous; branches terete ; leaves on
short petioles, opposite, ovate-oblong, coriaceous, veinless be-
neath ; racemes axillary, solitary or twin ; flowers angular. f? •
P. S. Native of Java, about Buitenzorg, Batavia, &c. on trees,
where it is called Mengando, as well as many other species, by
the natives. Loranthus sphaerocarpus, Blum, bijdr. p. 661. and
bat. verhandl. 1823. p. 189. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 149. Tube
of corolla angular : flower-bud 5 lines long.
o o
Round-fruited Elytranthe. Shrub par.
1 1 E. pa'tula ; glabrous ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ellip-
tic-ovate, coriaceous, smooth, acutish ; panicles axillary, or rising
beneath the leaves, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas 2 or 3, em-
bracing the ovarium ; limb of calyx entire ; tube of corolla
acutely 6-angled, equal in length to the segments of the limb,
which are 6, narrow, and revolute. T? • P* S. Native of the
interior of Bencoolen, on trees. Loranthus patulus, Jack, in
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 214. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 135. Leaves
about 3 inches long. Corolla green, tipped with light red, and
with a purplish tinge towards the base : having the tube clavate
and dilated upwards. Stigma capitate. Berry subglobose.
(Syjreadiwg-panicled Elytranthe. Shrub par.
12 E. Cochinchine'nsis ; glabrous, much branched; leaves
opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acute ; peduncles axillary, many-
flowered, crowded, furnished with 3 concrete bracteas under each
flower ; tube of corolla hexagonal, with 6 linear-lanceolate
lobes, which burst elastically, and become revolute ; stigma
capitate ; berries ovate. Tj . P. G. Native of Cochin-china, on
trees in gardens. Loranthus Coehinchinensis, Lour. coch. p. 195.
Flowers greenish yellow. Berry yellowish red.
Cochin-china Elytranthe. Shrub par.
13 E. ave'nis ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves opposite,
narrow-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, veinless : peduncles
crowded, axillary, usually 2- flowered ; flowers angular, hexan-
LORANTHACEiE. XI. Elytranthe.
427
drous. Jj . P. S. Native of Java, on Mounts Salak and Gede,
&c. Loranthus avenis, Blum, bijdr. p. 663. and bat. verhandl.
1823. p. 191. Loranthus Blumeanus, Schidtes, syst. 7. p. 119.
Veinless- leaved Elytranthe. Shrub par.
14 E. tetragona ; glabrous ; branches tetragonal; leaves
opposite, sessile, oval, acute or obtuse, of the consistence of
parchment, glabrous ; racemes crowded, axillary ; flowers an-
gular, hexandrous. ^ . P. S. Native of Java, on trees about
Tjiradjas, in the province of Krawang. Loranthus tetragonus.
Blum, bijdr. 663. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 1 49. Corolla 3 lines long.
Tetragonal- branched Elytranthe. Shrub par.
15 E. subumbella'ta ; leaves opposite, oblong -lanceolate,
long-acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes crowded, axil-
lary ; ultimate pedicels subumbellate ; flowers hexandrous. ^ .
P. S. Native of Java, on trees near Tjiradjas, in the province
of Krawang. Loranthus subumbellatus, Blum, bijdr. p. 662.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 148. Allied to E. splicerocarpa , and is, as
well as it, called Mengando by the natives of Java.
Subumbellate-Rowered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
§ 2. Rigidifldra (from rigidus, stiff, and flos, a flower ; flowers
stiff). Flowers pentandrous, tubular, cleft into 5 parts beyond
the middle, having the lobes re/ltxed from the middle ; tube ob-
conical, hardly pentagonal. Anthers erect. Bracteas one under
each flower.
16 E. ri'gida; glabrous; branches terete, rather compressed
when young ; leaves opposite, petiolate, elliptic-lanceolate, acu-
minated ; racemes axillary, simple, 7-flowered; flowers on short
pedicels ; bracteas ovate, lateral, one under each ovarium ; calyx
repand, somewhat denticulated ; tube of corolla ovate at the
base: lobes linear- oblong, reflexed from the middle. T? . P. S.
Native of the East Indies, at Amherst. Loranthus rigidus,
Wall. cat. no. 531. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 12-18 lines
broad. Corolla 9 lines long, finely velvety, as well as ovarium.
Anthers linear. Flower-bud pentagonal at the apex.
Stiff Elytranthe. Shrub par.
17 E. farinosa ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves alter-
nate, smooth, coriaceous, ovate, obtuse, on thick short petioles ;
racemes in axillary fascicles, clothed with much mealy stellate
whitish tomentum ; tube of corolla ventricose, divided two-
thirds of its length into 5 linear semi-recurved segments ; berry
large, ovate, slightly tomentose. Tj . P. S. Native of the East
Indies, at Singapore. Loranthus farinosus, Desr. in Lam. diet.
3. p. 597. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 221. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 111. D. C. coll. mem. vi. t. 4. Leaves nearly as large as a
hand, with unequal margins, having the nerves remote and a little
elevated. Flowers of a bright red colour, densely clothed with
stellate tomentum, which is easily rubbed off ; they are about an
inch long, having the tube wide.
Mealy Elytranthe. Shrub par.
§ 3. Cupulali (from cupula, an acorn cup ; in reference to the
shape of the bractea, which surrounds the ovarium). Flowers
small; bud of corolla equal at the base, terete, but globose and
pentagonal at the apex ; limb of 5 equal regular lobes. Anthers
ovate , truncate, inserted by the base, dehiscing laterally. Stigma
capitate. Bracteas cup-shaped, one girding or surrounding each
ovarium.
18 E. cupula'ta ; branches terete, somewhat compressed at
the apex ; young petioles, leaves, peduncles, and flowers clothed
with rusty down ; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, acutish,
coriaceous, more or less cordate at the base ; peduncles very
short, branched, umbellately many-flowered ; bracteas cup-
shaped, one girding each ovarium. I? . P. S. Native of Casa-
mania, on the trunks of trees. Loranthus cupulatus, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 298. Flowers 2-3 lines long. Branches clothed
with rusty villi. Leaves variable in size and form. Berry ob-
ovate-globose. Lower part of the tube of the corolla cylin-
drical.
Cupular-hra.cte&d Elytranthe. Shrub par.
§ 4. lnvolucrati (the flowers are involucrated with bracteas).
Flowers tubular, 5-6-cleft. Anthers erect. Bracteas many,
crowded, constituting an involucrum around the flowers, which are
subcapitate.
19 E. involucra'ta ; glabrous; branches shining; leaves
opposite, on short petioles, ovate-cordate, smooth ; umbels axil-
lary, nearly sessile, much shorter than the leaves, 4-flowered,
involucrated by 4 bracteas ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, smooth,
entire ; calyx villous, with a 5-toothed border ; tube of corolla
villous, widening towards the mouth : limb regular, 5-parted,
with linear-revolute segments ; anthers oval ; stigma 2-lobed.
Ij . P. S. Native of the East Indies, on the eastern border of
Bengal : parasitical on trees. Loranthus involucratus, Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 209. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 106. Leaves 3-4 inches
long. Flowers pentandrous. Stamens equalling the segments
of the corolla, and inserted on them below the middle. Ova-
rium silky. Style rather longer than the corolla.
Var. /3, hebeclada (D. C. prod. 4. p. 298. under Loranthus )
branchlets angular, velvety from pale rusty down. T? . P. S.
Native of Silhet. Wall, in fl. ind. p. 209. Corolla 6 lines
long, villous on the outside, not gibbous at the base ; lobes 5,
equal. Anthers oval, inserted by the base.
Involucrate-d owered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
20 E. gemmiflora ; glabrous ; branches tetragonal ; leaves
opposite, broad-ovate, or oval, obtuse, coriaceous ; buds (im-
bricated involucra) axillary, solitary, sessile, many-flowered.
*2 . P. S. Native of Java, in woods on the mountains. Lo-
ranthus gemmiflorus, Blum, bijdr. p. 665. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 159. Lepeostegeres gemmiflorus, Blum, in litt. This spe-
cies is called Mengando by the Javanese. Flowers in capitate
heads, sessile, densely crowded upon the dilated tops of the
peduncles. Anthers subulate, ex Blum, and the berries are
pedicellate.
Bud-flowered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
21 E. loniceroides ; glabrous ; leaves almost sessile, ovate
to lanceolate, attenuated, obtuse, rounded at the base ; peduncles
opposite, longer than the petioles, bearing each a head of a few
sessile, hexandrous flowers, and each head supported by 4
broad-ovate, acute, concave bracteas ; corollas long, tubular,
slender, having the limb irregularly cleft into 5 cuneated spread-
ing segments. • P« S. Native of the East Indies. Loran-
thus loniceroides, Lin. spec. 473. exclusive of the synonyme of
Plukenet. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 216. Loranthus co-
riaceus and loniceroides, Schultes, syst. 7. pp. 107 and 108.
Loranthus coriaceus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 597. The
flowers, according to Wallich, are hexandrous, but according
to Lamarck pentandrous. It is perhaps a species of Scurrula,
on account of the irregular flowers.
Honey-suckle-like Elytranthe. Shrub par.
22 E. ? umbella'tus ; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate ; um-
bels axillary, opposite, on short peduncles, few-flowered ; brac-
teas opposite, orbicular under each flower ; limb of calyx trun-
cate ; corolla tubular : with 6 linear obtuse segments ; anthers
linear. Tj . P. S. Native of the East Indies. Loranthus
umbellatus, Roth. nov. spec. p. 192. but not of Wall. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 158. Flowers deep purple, glabrous, coriaceous.
Berry ovate.
Umbellate-flowered Elytranthe. Shrub par.
§ 5. Elytranthes (from eXvrpoy, elytron, a sheath or case,
and avdoQ, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the large bracteas
3 i 2
428
LORANTHACEAD. XI. Elytranthe. XII. Notanthera.
forming a sheath to the flowers). Flowers tubular, 6-cleft, hex ■
androus ; lobes of limb linear, acute. Florver-buds nearly terete.
Anthers erect. Flowers sessile, and decussate along the rachis of
the spikes, furnished each with 3 bracteas, one under the flower
and two opposite lateral combined 'ones ; all large, concave , and
deciduous.
23 E. a'lbida (Blum, in litt. 1329.) glabrous ; branches com-
pressed ; leaves opposite, oval-oblong, acute, coriaceous ; spikes
axillary, on short peduncles, sub-capitate, each bearing 4 decus-
sate, tribracteate flowers. Pj . P. S. Native of Java, in woods
on the mountains. Loranthus albidus, Blum, bijdr. p. 665.
Whitish Elytranthe. Shrub par.
24 E. ? obmunitus ; branches terete, straight; leaves spatu-
lately linear, thickened at the apex ; peduncles nutant, some-
what secund. T? . P. S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of
the Rio Grande. Loranthus obmunitus, Spreng. cur. port. 139.
Each ovarium is supported by a cup-shaped bractea, or by 3
concrete ones.
Clothed Elytranthe. Shrub par.
Cult. Like the rest of the genera of the present order, the
species are not cultivable. The plants have much the habit of
Lonicera.
XII. NOTANTHE'RA (from vutoq, notos, the back, and
avOripa, anthera, an anther ; the anthers are fixed by the back
to the filaments ; hence they are oscillatory). Loranthus, sect,
iv. Notanthera, exclusive of § 1. Tetramera and § 3. Calan-
thae, D. C. prod. 4. p. 307. — Loranthus species of authors.
Lin. syst. Penta-Hexdndria, Monogynia. Flowers her-
maphrodite. Petals 5-6-7-S, but usually 6, sometimes almost
distinct to the base, and sometimes equally joined together at
the base, linear or lanceolate. Stamens equal in number to the
petals ; filaments adnate to the corolla at the base, but free at
the apex ; anthers fixed by the back, oscillatory or incumbent.
Style filiform. Stigma clavate. Berries ovate. — Parasitical shrubs,
natives of South America, except one from Asia. Peduncles
corymbose or racemose ; branchlets usually bearing 3 flowers
and 3 bracteas ; sometimes the pedicels are 1 -flowered, and with
a bractea under each flower.
§ 1 . Pentamerce (from wevre, pente, five, and pepic, meris, a
part ; the flowers are pentamerous or divided into 5 parts).
Flowers pentamerous and pentandrous, large, from 1-8 inches
long.
1 N. grandiflorus ; shrub glabrous, dependent; stems te-
rete ; leaves on short petioles, oval, thick ; racemes terminal,
subcorymbose, few-flowered ; pedicels bearing each 1 flower
and 1 bractea ; bracteas ovate, concave, length of fruit ; petals
5, linear, joined to the middle ; anthers versatile. T? . P. G.
Native of Peru, parasitical on trees, where it is called Hatun
Mecmd. Loranthus grandiflorus, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p.
45. t. 273. f. a, Schultes, syst. 7. p. 115. Corolla very long.
Berry blue, size of an olive.
Great-flowered Notanthera. Shrub par.
2 N. longibractea'tus ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves
scattered, lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, sessile, coria-
ceous, veinless ; spikes terminal ; bracteas foliaceous, linear-
lanceolate ; flowers adhering to the bracteas at the base ; flower-
bud clavate ; petals 5, linear ; anthers versatile. I) . P. G.
Native of Peru. Loranthus longibracteatus, Desr. in Lam.
diet. 3. p.599. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 117. Leaves 18-24 lines
long, and 8-9 lines broad. Corolla 2j% inches long.
Long-bractead Notanthera. Shrub par.
3 N. verticilla'tus ; branches terete, 3 in a whorl ; leaves
also usually 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, nerveless, glaucous, usually
secund ; flowers terminal, secund, crowded into heads ; bracteas
ovate, concave, 1 under each flower ; petals 5, joined at the base,
spatulately-lanceolate and revolute at the apex ; anthers oblong.
J? . P. G. Native of Chili, upon trees and shrubs on the banks
of the river Andalien, Loranthus verticillatus, Ruiz, et Pav.
fl. per. 3. p. 47. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 117. Berry oval, black-
ish purple.
Whorled Notanthera. Shrub par.
4 N. cai'sius ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves on short
petioles, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, thickish, veinless ; pe-
duncles 1 -flowered, disposed in terminal racemes, bearing under
each flower an oblong bractea, which is 3 times longer than
the ovarium ; petals 5, joined to the middle, and spreading
at the apex, linear ; anthers incumbent. Jj . P. G. Native of
the Andes of Peru, upon trees. Loranthus cae'sius, Spreng
syst. 1. p. 132. Loranthus glaucus, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3.
p. 45. t. 275. f. b. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 438.
but not of Thunb. Loranthus corymbosus, Dietr. gart. lex.
4. p. 468. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 115. Leaves an inch or more
long, and half an inch broad ; petioles 2 lines long. Flowers
an inch long, red at base and apex, but yellow in the middle.
Berry oval, dark purple. This species is nearly allied to N.
longebracteatus.
Grey Notanthera. Shrub par.
5 N. Poeppi'gii ; glabrous ; branches terete, rather glaucous;
leaves opposite, on short petioles, lanceolate, thickish, veinless ;
peduncles 1-flowered, disposed in a terminal raceme, bearing an
ovate, acute bractea under each flower, which is one-half shorter
than the ovarium ; limb of calyx truncate ; petals 5, joined
together a little beyond the middle ; anthers fixed by the back
to the filaments. Tj • G. Native of Chili, where it was
collected by Poeppig. Leaves an inch long. Flowers 2 inches
long.
Poeppig’ s Notanthera. Shrub par.
6 N. Sternbergia'nus ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
ovate or oval, obtuse, coriaceous, veinless above ; peduncles
many, short, 1-flowered, crowded, corymbose, rising from the
axils of the upper leaves and the tops of the branches : bracteas
ovate, one under each ovarium, and shorter than it ; petals 5,
linear, hardly concrete at the base ; anthers versatile. . P. G.
Native of Chili, near La Guardia, and Aconcagua, and on the
Cordillera of Chili. Loranthus Sternbergianus, Schultes, fil. in
herb. Hsenke, and syst. 7. p. 116. Loranthus glaucus, Gill, but
not of Ruiz and Pav. nor Thunb. Leaves 12-15 lines long, and
8-10 broad; petioles 1 \ line long. Allied to N.ccesius, but
differs in the bracteas being one half shorter than the ovaries,
not 3 times longer.
Sternberg’ s Notanthera. Shrub par.
7 N. ? Pohlii ; glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oval, ob-
tuse at both ends, on short petioles, thick, coriaceous, glaucous ;
the middle nerve hardly distinct at the base, the rest of it obso-
lete ; peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, oppo-
site, dichotomously corymbose, few-flowered ; petals 5, linear,
thick, almost distinct, bearing each a ligula beneath the stamens;
anthers versatile. ^ • P« S, Native of Brazil, where it was
detected by Polil. Loranthus glaucus, Pohl. in litt. but not of
others. Loranthus Pohlii, D. C. prod. 4. p. 308. Leaves 12-
15 inches long, and 8-9 broad. Corolla an inch long. Brac-
teas small, very blunt, one under each flower. Perhaps a species
of Psitt acanthus.
Pohl’s Notanthera. Shrub par.
§ 2. Micranthce (from puepog, micros, small, and ardue,
anthos, a flower ; flowers of the species small). Flowers small,
usually hexamerous or divided into 6 parts, but in a very few they
are divided into 4-5-7 parts, disposed in racemes ; the branches
of the raceme usually bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracteas each. —
Species all natives of America.
LORANTHACEyE. XII. Notanthera.
429
* Racemes axillary.
8 N. sarmentosus ; glabrous, rather seandent, hence the
branches throw out roots on one side ; branches angular ; leaves
petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acute, somewhat complicate and
keeled : having the middle nerve rather prominent ; racemes
axillary, about equal in length to the leaves : having their
branchlets short and angular, and bearing 3 bracteas and 3 ses-
sile flowers each at the apex ; petals 6, linear-spatulate ; anthers
ovate, incumbent. . P. G. Native of Peru, at Munna :
parasitical on trees. Loranthus sarmentosus, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 3. p. 49. t. 278. f. a. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 145. Corolla
yellowish, 3-4 lines long. Berry oblong, greyish. Leaves 1 \
inch long, and an inch broad ; petioles 2 lines long.
Sarmentose Notanthera. Shrub par.
9 N. acumina'tus ; glabrous ; branches angular, somewhat
sarmentose ; leaves petiolate, remote, ovate, long-acuminated ;
racemes axillary, one half shorter than the leaves : having the
branchlets brachiate, and bearing each 3 ovate, concave, acute
bracteas, and 3 sessile flowers ; petals 6, linear ; anthers ovate.
Tj . P. G. Native of the Andes of Peru, in groves. Loranthus
acuminatus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 49. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 144. Very nearly allied to N. sarmentosus, but differs in the
leaves being flat, in the stigma being peltate, and the berries
being brownish yellow.
Acuminated- leaved Notanthera. Shrub pav.
* * Racemes terminal and axillary.
10 N. Sellowia'nus ; glabrous; branches tetragonally te-
rete, radicant ; leaves obovate, retuse, or emarginate, ending in
a recurved mucrone, cartilaginous, feather-nerved, tapering into
the short petioles ; racemes axillary and terminal, naked, shorter
than the leaves : having the branchlets bearing 3 flowers and 3
bracteas ; limb of calyx lax ; corolla 6-parted : with linear
lobes; anthers versatile. T2 • P> S. Native of Brazil. Lo-
ranthus Sellowianus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 312. Loranthus rethsus,
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 215. but not of Jack.
Leaves 20 lines long, and 15-16 lines broad; petioles 4 lines
long. Corolla 3 lines long. Stigma thickish.
Sello's Notanthera. Shrub par.
11 N. radi'cans ; glabrous; branches terete, elongated, ra-
dicant ; leaves ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, acuminated, ending
in a subulate point, feather-veined, with cartilaginous margins,
running down the petioles at the base ; spikes axillary and ter-
minal ; flowers and bracteas by threes ; corolla 6-parted, with
linear lobes; anthers versatile. \ . P. S. Native of Brazil.
Loranthus radicans, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 207.
Leaves 5 inches long and 1^ broad ; petioles hardly 5 lines
long. Corolla 3 lines long. Flowers disposed in something like
whorls of fives.
Rooting Notanthera. Shrub par.
12 N. buxifolius ; branchlets rather angular, and rather
hispid from stiff short hairs ; branches terete, and are as well
as the petioles and leaves glabrous ; leaves oval, coriace-
ous ; racemes terminal and axillary, erect ; pedicels bearing
each 3 flowers and 3 bracteas; corolla tubular, 4-5-6-parted;
having the lobes dilated and concave at the apex ; anthers ver-
satile. . P. G. Native of Chili, near Talcahuano : para-
sitical on various trees. Loranthus buxifolius, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 207. Loranthus Eschscholzianus,
Mart, in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 117. Leaves rough in the young
state. Bracteas fringed at the apex. The root, according to
Chamisso, creeps under the bark of the trees on which the plant
grows. Style acute at the apex. Corolla 3-4 lines long. This
comes very near to N. heterophyllus ; and appears only to differ
in the branches being covered with short rigid hairs.
o o
Box-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
13 N. heterophy'llus ; branches terete, slender, scabrous,
rusty ; leaves scattered, on short petioles, cordate or oval, mu-
cronate, coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes terminal and axillary,
angular ; pedicels short, bearing each 3 bracteas and 3 flowers ;
the 2 lateral flowers stalked : and the middle one sessile ; brac-
teas small ; petals 6, linear-spatulate ; anthers incumbent. Tj .
P. G. Native of Chili : parasitical upon trees, especially myr-
taceous trees. Loranthus heterophyllus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3.
p. 48. t. 273. f. b. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 135. The old
branches are smooth : the younger ones are angled, glabrous, or
sometimes roughish from minute rust-coloured tubercles. Pe-
tals 4-5, concave, and dilated at the apex. Leaves 6-12 lines
long, and 4-9 lines broad : petioles 2 lines long. Corolla pur-
plish white, 4-5 lines long.
Variable-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
14 N. elli'pticus ; glabrous; branches terete, slender, an-
gular ; leaves petiolate, elliptic, somewhat acuminated, thick-
coriaceous, veinless, shining above ; peduncles axillary and ter-
minal, racemose ; pedicels short, bearing each 3 bracteas and 3
sessile flowers at the apex ; petals 7, linear-spatulate, joined
together to the middle ; anthers versatile. T? . P. S. Native
of Peru, in groves, in high frigid places on the Andes near
Pozuzo. Loranthus ellipticus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 47.
t. 276. f. a. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 159. Leaves an inch long,
and half an inch broad ; petioles 2 lines long. Corolla yellow,
4 lines long. Perhaps a species of Gaiadendron.
Elliptic-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
15 N. ligustrifolius ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, coriaceous ; corymbs axillary and
terminal, one half shorter than the leaves, solitary ; pedicels
crowded, bractless, bearing 2-3 flowers ; petals 6, linear, some-
what dilated and concave at the apex ; anthers ovate, versatile.
. P. G. Native of Peru, or Chili, where it was collected by
Haenke. Loranthus ligustrifolius, Schultes, fil. in herb. Haenke,
and in syst. 7. p. 135. Loranthus ligustrinus, Willd. herb, ex
Schultes, but not of Wall. Leaves 2 inches long, and 9-10
lines broad ; petioles 2 lines long. Corolla 4-5 lines long,
black in the dried state.
Privet-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
16 N. ve'getus ; glabrous ; branches seandent, terete ; leaves
elliptic-oblong, obovate, rounded at the apex, thick-coriaceous,
glaucescent, on short petioles ; racemes axillary, solitary ; pedi-
cels short, bractless, bearing each 3 sessile flowers at the apex,
drooping in the fructiferous state. T2 . P. G. Native of Mexico,
near Cuernavaca. Loranthus vegetus, D. C. prod. 4. p. 313.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 434. Leaves 2 inches
long, and 10-12 lines broad. Flowers unknown. Berries
ovate-oblong.
Lively Notanthera. Shrub par.
1 7 N. orbicula'ris ; glabrous ; branches tetragonal ; leaves
petiolate, orbicular, acutish, thick-coriaceous, obsoletely veined ;
racemes axillary, solitary ; pedicels short, bearing each 3 sessile
flowers at the apex ; petals 6, glabrous ; anthers ovate. 1? . P.
S. Native of Quito, near Guayaquil, on trees. Loranthus or-
bicularis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 434. Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 143. Leaves 18 lines long and 16-17 broad; petioles
3-4 lines long. Flowers 4 lines long, green on the outside, and
white on the inside.
Orbicular- leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
1 8 N. salicifolius ; plant glabrous, pruinose ? branches te-
rete, compressed at the nodi ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acumin-
ated, marginate, petiolate ; racemes axillary, solitary or twin,
erect, sessile ; pedicels very short, bearing each 3 flowers and 3
bracteas ; corolla 4-parted, with linear lobes, which are shell-
formed at the apex ; anthers versatile ; stigma capitate, . P. S.
430
LORANTHACEA2. XII. Notanthera. XIII. Loxanthera.
Native of Brazil. Loranthus salicif olius, Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linnaea. 3. p. 216. Leaves 4-^ inches long and inch broad ;
petioles 6 lines long. Flowers a line long.
Willow-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
19 N. xanceola'tus ; glabrous ; branches terete, slender,
rather angular ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate-oblong ;
peduncles racemose, axillary, and terminal ; pedicels short, bear-
ing each 3 bracteas and 3 sessile flowers at the apex ; petals
7-9, linear-spatulate, joined at the base; anthers incumbent.
J? . P. G. Native of Peru, on the Andes at Pillao. Loranthus
lanceolatus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 47. t. 278. f. b. but not
of Beauv. Loranthus lancifolius, Poir. ex Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 142. Leaves 2 inches long and an inch broad ; petioles 2-3
lines long. Corolla yellow, half an inch long. Berries oblong.
Lanceolate- leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
20 N. oxyphy'llus ; glabrous ; branches terete, but some-
what compressed at the apex ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, tapering
into the petioles at the base, and much acuminated at the apex,
feather-nerved : having the middle nerve rather prominent ;
racemes axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels
opposite, bearing each 3 bracteas and 3 sessile flowers at the
apex ; petals 6, linear, acute, hardly joined together at the base,
longer than the filaments ; anthers ovate, erect, incumbent,
b . P. S. Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl.
Loranthus oxyphyllus, Pohl. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 314. Loran-
thus acuminatus, Pohl. in litt. Leaves 2 inches long. Flower-
bud sub-clavate. Style thickish ; stigma truncate.
Sharp-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
21 N. suave'olens ; glabrous; branches terete; leaves pe-
tiolate, ovate- oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, coria-
ceous ; racemes 2-4 together ; pedicels short, approximate,
bractless, bearing each 3 stalked flowers at the apex ; petals 6,
linear, spreading; anthers incumbent. . P. S. Native of
Peru, in groves near Gonzanama. Loranthus suaveolens, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 435. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 143.
Leaves 26-27 lines long and an inch broad ; petioles 2-3 lines
long. Flowers 3 lines long, white, glabrous.
Sweet-scented Notanthera. Shrub par.
22 N. conduplica'tus; glabrous; branches tetragonal ; leaves
petiolate, ovate, acuminated, acute at the base, rather coriaceous,
conduplicately recurved ; panicle terminal, much branched,
leafy : having the branches twin, and are as well as the rachis
tetragonal ; pedicels very short, bearing 3 flowers and 3 brac-
teas at the apex ; petals 6, linear. • P- S. Native of Cu-
mana and Cumanocoa, on trees. Loranthus conduplicatus, H.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 441. Loranthus anceps,
Will. rel. in Schultes, syst. 7. p. 131. Leaves 24-27 lines long,
and 14-17 lines broad : petioles 4-5 lines long. Flowers hardly
2 lines long.
Conduplicate-leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
23 N. attenua'tus ; plant glabrous, twining ; branches terete;
leaves rather alternate, obovate-oblong, cuneated at the base,
and tapering into the petioles, and mucronate at the apex ; mu-
crone deciduous; racemes axillary, twin or tern, shorter than
the leaves : pedicels short, bearing each 2-3 bracteas and 2-3
sessile flowers at the apex ; petals 6, linear, hardly connected at
the base, longer than the filaments ; anthers ovate-roundish,
fixed by the base. T? . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loranthus
attenuatus, Pohl. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 315. Leaves
12-15 lines long and 6-7 broad. Corolla 1^ line long. Stigma
not capitate.
Attenuated-\ea\ed Notanthera. Shrub par.
24 N. a'nceps ; glabrous ; branches terete ; branchlets and
peduncles compressed and 2-edged ; leaves alternate or oppo-
site, oblong-elliptic, petiolate, ending in very short mucrones,
feather-nerved ; racemes axillary, solitary, or twin, and terminal,
subcorymbose, unequal ; pedicels short, bearing each 3 bracteas
and 3 sessile flowers at the apex ; anthers ovate, erect. Ij . P. S.
Native of Brazil, where it was detected by Pohl. Loranthus
anceps, D. C. prod. 4. p. 315. Loranthus oblongo-ellipticus,
Pohl. in litt. Leaves an inch long and 5-6 lines broad ; petioles
3 lines long. Corolla 2 lines long. Allied to Lordnthus pau-
cif olius.
Two-edged-hranched Notanthera. Shrub par.
25 N. ova'tus ; glabrous ; branches unknown ; leaves ovate,
acute, somewhat acuminated, petiolate, coriaceous : having the
middle nerve rather prominent, and the lateral ones hardly con-
spicuous ; racemes a little shorter than the leaves ; pedicels short,
bearing 3 bracteas and 3 sessile flowers at the apex ; petals 6,
linear, distinct, acutish, a little longer than the filaments; anthers
erect, fixed by the base. Jj . P. S. Native of Brazil. Loran-
thus ovatus, Pohl. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 315. Leaves 2^
inches long and 1^ broad ; petioles 2-3 lines long. Branchlets
racemose, 2 lines long. Ovarium glaucescent. Petals 2 lines
long. Style thickish, equal at the apex. Perhaps this and the
preceding belong to Struthanlhus.
Ovate- leaved Notanthera. Shrub par.
Cult. The species are not cultivable, and have the habit of
those of the other parasitical genera of the order.
XIII. LOXANTHE'RA (from Xo£oc, loxos, oblique, and
ay dr] pa, anthera, an anther ; in reference to the filaments being
curved at the apex). Blum, in litt. Loranthus, sect. ii. Loxan-
thera, D. C. prod. 4. p. 316.
Lin. syst. Hexandria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Tube of corolla geniculated at the base, but clavate, and rather
oblique at the apex, with a 6-lobed limb ; lobes oblong, atten-
uated at the base, and somewhat spirally twisted. Filaments
stiffly curved at the apex, not attenuated, but somewhat dilated;
anthers inserted by the back. Style longer than the stamens.
Stigma clavate. — Parasitical shrubs.
1 L. speciosa (Blum, in litt. 1829.) glabrous; leaves oblong,
obtuse or bluntly acuminated, coriaceous, 1 -nerved, veinless ;
peduncles axillary, few-flowered ; tube of corolla elongated. .
P. S. Native of Java, in woods. Loranthus loxanthera, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 316. Bud of corolla 4 inches long, scarlet, but yel-
lowish inside. Stigma blood-coloured.
Showy Loxanthera. Shrub par.
2 L. ? spiro'stylis ; glabrous ; branches terete, tetragonally
compressed at the apex ; leaves somewhat alternate, petiolate,
oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, having the middle nerve rather
prominent, the rest veinless ; racemes solitary or twin, axillary,
shorter than the leaves ; rachis angular ; petals 6, linear ; anthers
fixed by the back to the filaments ; style spirally twisted, f? .
P. S. Native of Mexico, at Acapulco. Loranthus spirostylis,
D. C. prod. 4. p. 315. Spirostylis Haenkeana, Presl, ex Schultes,
syst. 7. p. 164. Flowers 2 lines long. This is perhaps a dis-
tinct genus, as it differs from all the others in the twisted style ;
and from the present in the filaments not being curved at the
apex, and in the petals not being spirally twisted.
Screw-styled Loxanthera. Shrub par.
Cult. The species of this genus have the habit of the other
parasitical genera of the order, and are not cultivable like them.
f Plants referred to the old genus Lordnthus by authors, but
the number oj the parts of the flowers and their structure being
unknown, it is impossible to refer them to any of the genera
broken off from that genus ; therefore they must stand under the
names originally given.
1 L. florule'ntus (Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 107.)
branches opposite, spreading, quadrangular; leaves oblong-
ovate, very blunt ; peduncles solitary and sessile in all the axils.
LORANTHACEyE. XIII. Loxanthera. XIII. a Gaiadendron.
431
Tj . P. S. Native of Cayenne. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 157. The
rest unknown.
Flowering Loranthus. Shrub par.
2 L. bractea'tus (Ricli. I. c.) leaves oblong, rather falcate,
nerved ; peduncles bifid ; bractea terminal, cordate, 3-flowered.
. P. S. Native of Cayenne. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 161. The
rest unknown.
Bracteate-R owered Loranthus. Shrub par.
3 L. terniflorus (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 161.)
branches terete ; leaves oblong, petiolate, acute ; racemes axil-
lary ; peduncles 3-flowered. tj . P. S. Native of Caraccas.
Three-flowered, Loranthus. Shrub par.
4 L. laurinus (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves coriaceous, oblong, acute, tapering into the petioles ;
flowers terminal, aggregate. J? . P. S. Native of South
America. •
Laurel-like Loranthus. Shrub par.
5 L. cardiphy'llus (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves ovate-cordate, stem-clasping, obtuse ; flowers terminal,
spicately aggregate. • P* S. Native of South America.
Heart-leaved Loranthus. Shrub par.
6 L. tubulosus (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves lanceolate, acute ; flowers tubular, somewhat spicate, ter-
minal. Tj . P. S. Native of South America.
Tubular Loranthus. Shrub par.
7 L. gneoroi'des (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves lanceolate, attenuated at the base, obtuse, glaucous, much
longer than the spikes ; spikes axillary and terminal. Tj . P. S.
Native of South America.
Gneorum-like Loranthus. Shrub par.
8 L. multiflorus (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, longer than the racemes ; racemes
axillary ; peduncles 3-flowered. T? . P. S. Native of South
America.
Many flowered Loranthus. Shrub par.
9 L. aeterna'tus (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves oblong, attenuately acuminated at the apex ; flowers
axillary and terminal, panicled. 1? . P. S. Native of South
America.
Alternate-\eBL\ed. Loranthus.- Shrub par.
10 L. obvalla'tus (Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.) leaves oblong,
obtuse, coriaceous ; flowers terminal, racemosely panicled ; pe-
dicels 3-flowered ; bracteas ovate, longer than the calyx. Tj • P*
S. Native of South America. Loranthus bracteatus, Willd. rel.
but not of Roxb.
Environed Loranthus. Shrub par.
11 L. micro'stachys (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves elliptic-roundish, petiolate ; racemes cymose, axillary, 4
times smaller than the leaves. Tj . P. S. Native of South Ame-
rica. The rest unknown.
Small-spiked Loranthus. Shrub par.
12 L. macro'stachys (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 162.)
leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, bluntish, coriaceous ;
spikes sessile, longer than the leaves, verticillate. . P. S.
Native of South America. The rest unknown.
Long-spiked Loranthus. Shrub par.
13 L. membrana'ceus (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p.
162.) leaves ovate, drawn out at the apex, attenuated, membra-
nous, nerved ; flowers twin, 2 inches long. . P. S. Native
of South America. The rest unknown.
Membranous-\ea.\e(\ Loranthus. Shrub par.
14 L. CELTiniFOLius (Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 7. p. 161.)
leaves ovate, oblique, glaucous beneath ; peduncles axillary, ag-
gregate. 1? . P. S. Native of Guinea. The rest unknown.
Celtis-leaved Loranthus. Shrub par.
15 L. macula'tus (Blum, bijdr. p. 662.) leaves opposite or
alternate, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, acute at the base, spotted with
black, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers unknown. . P. S. Na-
tive of Java, in the province of Bamtam.
Spotted-lea.\e& Loranthus. Shrub par.
16 L. eucalyptoides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 318.) glabrous;
branches terete, dichotomous ; leaves opposite, petiolate, lan-
ceolate-linear, acutish, thick-coriaceous, almost veinless. Tj . P.
G. Native of New Holland. L. eucalyptifolius, Sieb. fl. nov.
boll. no. 242. but not of Kunth. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and
6-7 lines broad. Petioles 6 lines long. Flowers and fruit un-
known. Schnltes, syst. 7. p. 163.
Eucalyptus-like Loranthus. Shrub par.
17 L. Hoffmanseggia'nus (Willd. in Schultes, syst. 7. p.
113.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute; racemes axillary, usually
twin ; flowers verticillate. . P. S. Native of Brazil, at
Para. Lor. verticillatus, Hoffinansegg in herb. Willd. Flowers
pentandrous.
Hoffmansegg’s Loranthus. Shrub par.
■{■ f Species only known by name.
1 L. acacice-Nilolicce, Oudh. in Brown, append. 2. 2 L.
calycinus, R. Brown, in Salt, abyss. 3 L. congestus, R. Br. 1. c.
4 L. Ice'lus, R. Br. 1. c. 5 L. serrulatus, Roxb. ex Steud.
N. B. Asclepias lactifera, Burm. fl. ind. p. 61. is a species of
Loranthus not known.
Tribe II. — Terrestrial shrubs.
XIII. a GAIADE'NDRON (from ycua, gaia, the earth, and
Seycpov, dendron, a tree ; these trees grow in earth and not
parasitical, like other genera broken off from Loranthus). Lo-
ranthus species of authors.
Lin. syst. Hexa-Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 6-8-toothed.
Petals 6-8, narrow, sometimes free and sometimes joined at the
base. Stamens 6-8, inserted in the petals. Style filiform ;
stigma simple. Ovarium oblong-cylindrical. — Terrestrial trees,
with obovate leaves and racemes of yellow flowers.
1 G. eugenioides ; arboreous ; branches terete ; leaves
ovate-oblorig, acuminated, running down the petioles at the base,
rather coriaceous ; racemes axillary and terminal, solitary or
twin ; pedicels short, approximate, 3-flowered, bractless ; flowers
pedicellate ; corolla 5-6-parted ; lobes linear-acute ; anthers
incumbent. J? . G. Native of Peru, on the Andes, near
Guamcabamba ; and of Brazil. Loranthus eugenioides, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 435. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 135.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 214. Loranthus attenua-
tus, Willd. herb, but not of Pohl. Flowers about half an inch
long, white, sweet-scented. Racemes 1^ to 3 inches long.
Eugenia-like Gaiadendron. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
2 G. Ta'gua; arboreous; branches terete; leaves oblong,
acute, running down the petioles at the base, coriaceous, shining
above and dotted beneath ; racemesaxillary, solitary; pedicels
short, usually 3 together, approximate, bearing each 3 bracteas
and 3 flowers ; flowers on short pedicels ; petals 7, spreading,
linear, acute. \ • G. Native about Santa Fe de Bogota.
Loranthus Tagua, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 436.
Schultes, syst. 7. p. 159. Loranthus arboreus, Mutis mss.
Leaves 3-| inches long, and 14-18 lines broad ; petioles 6 lines
long. Flowers 9 lines long. Berry ovate-oblong. Very like
N. punctatus. ,,
Tagua Gaiadendron. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
3 G. laurifolium ; arboreous ; glabrous ; branchlets angu-
lar ; leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntish, running into the petioles at
the base, coriaceous, shining above ; racemes axillary and soli-
tary, terminal, and panicled ; pedicels short, usually by threes,
approximate, bearing each 3 bracteas and 3 sessile flowers ;
432
LORANTHACEiE. XIII. a Gaiadendron. XIII. b Nuytsia. XIV". Schcepfia.
petals 7-8, linear, rather dilated at the apex; anthers incumbent.
*2 • G. Native about Santa Fe de Bogota. Loranthus laurifolius,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 436. Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 160. Leaves 2-|-3 inches long, and 12-15 lines broad;
petioles 3 lines long. Flowers 9 lines long, glabrous.
Laurel-leaved Gaiadendron. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
4 G. ni'tidum ; arboreous, glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves
petiolate, oblong, obtuse at both ends, coriaceous, shining above,
veinless, having the middle nerve obsolete ; corymbs terminal ;
peduncles bearing each 2-3 flowers and 3 bracteas ; flowers ses-
sile ; petals 8, linear ; anthers incumbent. Tj . G. Native
of the Andes of Quito, in Paramo de Saraguru, in temperate
parts. Loranthus nitidus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 437. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 160. Leaves 2 inches long, and
10 lines broad ; petioles 4 lines long. Flowers sweet-scented,
about an inch long, yellow, glabrous. Berries ovate.
Shining-leaved Gaiadendron. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
5 G. Purace'nse ; arboreous, glabrous ; branches terete ;
leaves lanceolate-oblong, acutish, running into the petioles at the
base, coriaceous, shining above, and beset with black spots be-
neath ; racemes terminal ; peduncles short, 3-5-together, ap-
proximate, each bearing 3 bracteas, and from 1-3 flowers ; petals
6-8, linear. Tj . G. Native on the Andes, about Popayan,
in Paramo de Purace. Loranthus Puracensis, H. B. et Kunth,
nov. gen. amer. 3. p.437. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 160. Leaves
22-27 lines long, and 9-10 broad; petioles 4 lines long.
Racemes 4-6 inches long. Corolla yellow7. Perhaps sufficiently
distinct from N. Tcigua.
Purace Gaiadendron. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
6 G. puncta'tum ; arboreous, glabrous ; branches terete :
leaves obovate or oval, somewhat attenuated at the base into the
short petioles, coriaceous, beset with black dots beneath, having
the middle nerve rather prominent ; racemes long, terminal, and
from the axils of the superior leaves ; peduncles somewhat ver-
ticillate, bearing each 3 bracteas and 3 sessile flowers at the
apex ; petals 6, linear-spatulate ; anthers incumbent, fixed by
the back near the base to the filaments. 1?. G. Native of
the Andes of Peru, in cold places in groves. Loranthus punc-
tatus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. par. 3. p. 47. t. 177. f. a. Presl, in herb.
Haenke, Schultes, syst. 7. p. 134. Leaves 2 inches long, and 1
broad ; petioles 2-3 lines long. Corolla yellow, almost an inch
long before expansion. Berry ovate-roundish, crowned by the
limb of the calyx, which is truncate.
Dotted- leaved Notanthera. Tree par.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nuijtsia.
XIII. b NUY/TSIA (named after Peter Nuyts, a cele-
brated Dutch navigator, and discoverer of that part of New
Holland called Nuytsland). R. Br. in geogr. soc. trans. vol. 1.
Lin. syst. Hexandria, Monogynia. Teeth of calyx 3-5,
unequal. Petals 6-7, linear, distinct. Stamens 6-7, inserted
towards the middle of the petals ; anthers versatile, sub-hastate,
2-celled. Ovarium turbinate, rather trigonal. Style subulate ;
stigma acute. Fruit 1-seeded, covered by pulp or glutin, and
of a different texture from the rest of the Loranthaceous genera.
— A terrestrial tree, native of New Holland.
1 N. floribu'nda ; arboreous, glabrous ; branches terete ;
leaves alternate, linear, obtuse, thick ; racemes elongated, sim-
ple ; peduncles longer than the flowers, bearing each 3 bracteas
and 3 flowers at the apex. 1? • G. Native of New Holland,
in Van Lewin’s Land. Loranthus floribundus, Labill. nov. boll.
1. p. 87. t. 113. Schultes, syst. 7. p. 133. Loranthus celas-
troldes, Sieb. fl. nov. boll, exsic. no. 244. Leaves 2-3 inches
long, and 4-5 lines broad. Racemes 6-8 inches long, crowded
at the tops of the branches. Corolla 9-10 lines long, sulphur-
coloured.
Bundle-flowered Nuytsia. Clt. 1831. Tree 15 to 25 feet.
Cult. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will be a good soil
for this singular tree. Cuttings will probably root if planted in
sand under a hand-glass.
XIV. SCHO'EPFIA (named after John Schoepf, a German
botanist, who has written upon the plants in the neighbourhood
of Ulm). Schreb. gen. no. 323. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 145.
Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 188. D. C. coll. mem. vi. — Codo-
nium, Vahl, act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 1. p. 206. t. 6. — Hae'nkea,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 8. but not of their prod.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Margin of calyx entire ; tube adnate to the ovarium, very nar-
row, calyculate at the base. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular,
with a 5-cleft limb, rarely with a 4-6 cleft limb; lobes valvate
in aestivation. Stamens equal in number to the lobes of the
corolla, and situated in front of them, and having the filaments
adnate to the tube ; anthers ovate or roundish, dehiscing later-
ally by a double chink. Style erect, truncate ; stigma capitate
or 3-lobed. Ovarium 3-celled, with a solitary ovulum in each
cell. Drupe containing a 3-celled 3-seeded nucleus, or only
1-seeded from abortion. Embryo minute, placed in the vertex
of the albumen, which is amygdaline : with a turbinate radicle. —
Small smooth terrestrial trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, en-
tire, feather-nerved. Peduncles axillary, usually many flowered.
— This genus comes near to Caprifoliacece from the gamope-
talous corolla and 3-celled fruit ; but differs from it, and agrees
with Loranthacece, in the stamens being in front of the lobes of
the corolla, and in the flowers being calyculate. It also agrees
with the order Symplocinece in the 3-celled fruit.
* Tube of corolla ovate, with a naked throat. — American
species.
1 S. arbore'scens (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 160.) leaves
ovate ; peduncles axillary, usually twin, 1-3-flowered. ^ • S.
Native of the islands of Santa Cruz, Montserrat, ex Rohr; and
of Guadaloupe, ex Bertero ; but in Rohr’s specimen the leaves
are obtuse, while in that of Vahl’s they are acuminated : they
are therefore probably distinct species. Codonium arborescens,
Vahl. act. soc. hafn. 2. pt. 1. p. 206. t. 6. symb. bot. 3. p. 36.
S. Schreberi, Lam. ill. 2. p. 51. S. Americana, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 996. Flowers yellow.
Arborescent Schcepfia. Tree 8 to 10 feet.
2 S. flexuosa (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 160.) leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acute ; racemes axillary, solitary, 4-5-flowered ;
tube of corolla ovate : lobes acute : throat naked. J? . G. Na-
tive of Peru, on the Andes, on the mountains at Pillao and St.
Antonio de Playa Grande. Hae'nkea flexuosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 3. p. 8. t. 231. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Branches flexu-
ous, diffuse. Corolla yellow.
Flexuous-hranched Schoepfia. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
* * Tube of corolla terete, having the throat furnished with
fascicles of hairs at the origin of the stamens. — Species natives of
Asia.
3 S. fra'grans (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 188.) leaves lan-
ceolate or elliptic-oblong, attenuated at both ends; racemes
axillary, solitary, many-flowered ; corolla infundibuliform, with
a long cylindrical tube : segments of corolla lanceolate, acute.
P? . G. Native of Nipaul, in less elevated situations from
Becheako as far as the valley, where it is rather common ; it
has also been found in more northern situations. Wall. tent. fl.
nep. 1. p. 18. t. 9. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 145. Symphori-
carpos ? odorata, Ham. ex D. Don, 1. c. Bark of tree thick and
spongy, yellowish. Leaves deep green above. Flowers yellow,
LORANTHACEjE. XIV. Schcepfia. XV. Aucuba. CHLORANTHE^.
433
exquisitely fragrant, even after being dried, disposed in racemes,
which are about half the length of the leaves. Ovarium sup-
ported by a calyciform bractea like the rest of the species, which
is divided into 2 or 3 unequal acute segments. Corolla rather
fleshy ; tube nearly an inch long. Drupe pale yellow, almost
white, about the size of an olive, 1 -seeded from abortion. The
perfume of the flowers is of a most delightful kind, and may be
perceived on steeping them in warm water even long after they
have been dried.
Fragrant Schoepfia. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
4 S. acumina'ta (Wall. cat. no. 486.) leaves ovate, acumi-
nated, obtuse at the base ; racemes axillary, many flowered ;
tube of corolla terete : lobes bluntish. Tj . G. Native of Ni-
paul, on the Pundua mountains. Flowers yellow ?
Acuminated-leaxed Schoepfia. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit these trees ;
and young cuttings of them will be easily rooted if planted in
sand, and placed under a hand-glass.
XV. AU'CUBA (the Japanese name of the shrub). Thunb.
fl. jap. p. 4. Lam. ill. t. 759. D. C. prod. 4. p. 274. — Au-
kuba, Kcempf. amoen. 5. p. 775. — Eubasis, Salisb. prod. p. 68.
Lin. syst. Dioecia, Tetrandria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx
closely adhering, with the margin a little elevated and 4-toothed :
teeth obtuse, very short. Petals 4, deciduous, alternating with
the calycine teeth, inserted in the margin of the elevated flesh,
4-angled disk ovate, acuminated, fleshy, with the margin trun-
cate on one side, and minutely papillose on both surfaces, val-
vate in aestivation, induplicate at the apex. Stamens 4, opposite
the petals ? Ovarium cylindrical, adhering closely to the tube
of the calyx, 1-celled, containing one ovulum. Style very short,
thick, terete : stigma capitate, thick, fleshy, viscid, obsoletely
2-lobed. Berry fleshy, 1 -seeded, crowned by the permanent
style. The rest unknown. — A small evergreen tree, native of
Japan ; branches dichotomous or verticillate in the manner of
Loranthus and Viscum. Leaves opposite, petiolate, broad, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, toothed, coriaceous, glabrous, shining,
pale green, beautifully spotted with yellow', having the mid-rib
rather prominent, the rest of the leaf reticulately veined. Pe-
tioles cylindrical. Flowers small, panicled. Panicles many,
spike-formed, pedunculate ; peduncles rather villous. Bracteas
lanceolate, membranous, pale, caducous. Calyx beset with ad-
pressed villi. Petals dark blood coloured. The buds are large,
angular, imbricated from conduplicate stipulas ; the leaves are
large, toothed, and veiny, and the petioles are articulated with
the branches and dilated at the base ; hence there is some ana-
logy in the genus to Frdxinus. This genus was included by
Jussieu in the order Rhamni ; but from its having no affinity
whatever to either of the families into which that order has been
since divided, its place in the natural system has remained unde-
termined; and perhaps also from its want of novelty, the plant
has been despised by botanists, and its characters and affinities
consequently overlooked. Like the Salix Babylonica, or weep-
ing-willow, too, w'e possess only one sex of the tree in Europe,
and that the female, which circumstance has likewise prevented
its being accurately examined. The structure of the female
flower agrees so exactly with that of Viscum , that, notwith-
standing the different mode of growth of the two genera, and
the absence of more accurate details respecting the male blos-
soms, and the ripe fruit, its arrangement among the Loran-
thaceez appears fully justified. It will ultimately be found the
connecting link between the Araliacece and the present family.
1 A. Japonica (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 64.) Tj . H. Native of
Japan. Banks, icon. Koempf. t. 6. Thunb. icon. fl. jap. t. 12
and 13. Sims, bot. mag. 1197. Eubasis dichotomus, Salisb.
prod. p. 68. The Aucuba is a well known laurel-like evergreen
VOL. III.
shrub, having the leaves mottled with yellow ; but in Japan the
leaves are said to be sometimes green hy Thunberg. According
to Kcempfer, the fruit is a red oblong drupe, like a laurel-berry,
with a white sweetish pulp, and a kernel with a bitter taste.
The shrub is called in the gardens aucuba or spotted-leaved
laurel.
Japan Aucuba. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1783. Shrub 6 to
10 feet.
Cult. This is a showy evergreen shrub, well adapted for
shrubberies and small gardens. It is easily increased by cut-
tings from the young wood planted in autumn under a hand-
glass or by layers. The shrub will grow in any soil.
Order CXXVIII. CHLORA'NTHEiE (plants agreeing with
Chloranthus in particular characters). R. Br. in bot. mag. 2190.
(1821) and in Parry, voy. 1824. Lindl. coll. bot. 17. (1821).
Blum. fl. jav. (1829) vol. 1.
Flowers disposed in spikes, hermaphrodite or unisexual ; with
a supporting tridentate calyx. Stamens lateral ; if more than
one connate definite ; anthers 2-4-celled, bursting lengthwise,
each adnate to a fleshy connective, which coheres laterally in
various degrees ; filaments slightly adhering to the ovarium,
which is 1-celled; stigma simple, sessile; ovulum pendu-
lous. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent. Seed pendulous. Em-
bryo minute, placed at the apex of a fleshy albumen ; having
the radicle inferior, and consequently remote from the hilum ;
cotyledons divaricate. — Herbaceous plants or under shrubs, with
an aromatic taste. Stems jointed, tumid under the articulations.
Leaves opposite, simple, with sheathing petioles, and minute
intervening stipulas. Flowers disposed in terminal loose slen-
der spikes.
This order is nearly allied to Loranthacece, from which it
differs in the tridentate calyx, in the want of petals, in the
fewer stamens, in the structure of the anthers, and in the inferior
radicle, &c. It is said to be nearly allied to Sarurece and Pi-
jieracece, from both of which it differs in the want of a sack to
the embryo, and in the pendulous ovulum, and opposite leaves
with intermediate stipulas. The anthers consist of a fleshy
mass, upon the face of which the cell lies that bears the pollen ;
whether their anthers are 1 or 2-celled is a matter of doubt, one
botanist considering those that have 2 cells to be double anthers,
another understanding those with 1 cell to be half anthers. This
order comes nearest in affinity to Rubiacece, tribe Opercularinece .
The whole plant of Chloranthus officinalis has an aromatic
fragrant smell, which is gradually dissipated in drying ; but its
roots retain a fragrant camphorated smell, and an aromatic
somewhat bitter flavour. They are found to possess very nearly
the properties of Aristolochia serpentaria, and in a high degree.
There seems to be no doubt but that it is a stimulant of the
highest order.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Chlora'ntiius. Flowers hermaphrodite. Anther seated
on the side of the ovarium, undivided and 2-celled, or trilobed
and 4-celled. Ovarium 1 -ovulate. Drupel-seeded.
2 Ascari'na. Spikes dioecious. Filament short ; anther
oblong, 4-furrowed, and probably 4-celled. Stigma 3-lobed.
Drupe 1 -seeded.
3 K
434
CHLORANTHEAt. I. Chloranthus. II. Ascarina. III. Hedyosmum.
3 Hedyosmum. Flowers monoecious. Male aments oblong,
naked ; anthers numerous, closely imbricated. Female flowers
in racemes, with a tridentate calyx. Drupe trigonal, 1-seeded,
clothed by the baccate calyx.
I. CHLORANTHUS (from ^Xuipog, cliloros, green, and av-
6oc, anlhos, a flower ; the flowers are green). Swartz, in phi!,
trans. 77- p. 359. Lher. sert. angl. 1. p. 35. R. Brown, in bot.
mag. 2190. Blum. fl. jav. 1. p. 7. — Nigrina, Thunb. nov. gen.
p. 58. fl. jap. p. 65. — Creodus, Lour. coch. p. 89. Ascarina
species, Blum. enum. pi. jav. 1. p. 79. — Cryphae'a, Hamilt. in
edinb. pliil. journ. 1825. vol. 2. p. 9.
Lin. syst. Monandria, Monogynia, R. Br. Gyndndria, Tri-
dndria, Spreng. Calyx tridentate or wanting. Corolla wanting.
Anther seated on the side of the ovarium, undivided, and 2-
celled, or trilobed and 4-celled : in the latter case the middle
lobe alone is perfect and 2-celled, while the 2 lateral lobes are
imperfect and only 1 -celled. Ovarium 1-seeded: ovulum pen-
dulous ; stigma capitate. Drupe 1-seeded. — Small subherba-
ceous shrubs : with opposite toothed leaves, and slender spikes
of inconspicuous flowers.
1 C. officina'lis (Blum. enum. pi. jav. 1. p. 79. fl. jav. 1.
p. 10. t. 1.) stem suffruticose ; leaves oval-oblong, or lanceo-
late, the superior ones more acuminated than the rest ; spikes
branched, terminal ; anther 3-lobed : middle lobe perfect and
2-celled : lateral ones imperfect and 1-celled. b • G. Native
of Java, in high mountain woods. Straopha Noronha, ined.
Berries white. The plant has an aromatic and fragrant smell,
and is a stimulant of the highest order. It is used in medicine
by the Javanese.
Officinal Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 C. brachy'stachys (Blum. fl. jav. 1. p. 13. t. 2.) stem
suffruticose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
serrated ; spikes branched, terminal ; anther undivided, 2-
celled. b . G. Native of Java, in the provinces of Bamtam
and Krawang, in woods on the higher mountains. Ascarina
serrata, Blum. enum. pi. jav. 1. p. 180.
Short-spiked Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
3 C. mono'stachys (R. Br. in bot. mag- t. 2190. Lindl. coll,
t. 171.) stem suffruticose; leaves elliptic, serrated, acuminated;
spikes solitary, simple ; flowers alternate ; anther incurved, 3-
lobed : the middle lobe 2-celled and perfect, and the lateral
lobes 1-celled and imperfect. b . G. Native of China. Flowers
yellowish.
One-spiked Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Fl. Feb. May. Clt.
1819. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 C. inconspicuus (Swartz, in phil. trans. vol. 77. p. 359. t.
15.) suffruticose ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, serrated, pale
beneath ; spikes axillary, branched : branches alternate ; flowers
opposite ; anther 3-lobed : middle lobe perfect and 2-celled, the
lateral ones imperfect and 1-celled. b . G. Native of China
and Japan. Nigrina spicata, Thunb. fl- jap. p. 65.
Inconspicuous Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Fl. April, Sept. Clt.
1781. Shrub 1 foot.
5 C. mona'nder (R. Br. in bot. mag. under no. 2190.) spikes
brachiate ; flowers opposite ? anther undivided, 2-celled, perfect.
b • G. Native of China.
Monandrous Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Fl. June. Clt. 1817.
Shrub 1 to 1-J- foot.
6 C. ela'tior (R. Br. 1. c.) shrubby ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, serrated, petiolate : spikes slender, long, reflexed, crowded,
nearly terminal ; anther 3-lobed, the middle lobe perfect, 2-
celled, the lateral lobes imperfect and 1-celled. b • G. Native
of China and Cochinchina. Creodus odorlfer, Lour. coch. p.
89. Flowers small, yellow, sweet-scented. Branches long,
somewhat scandent. In Cochinchina this plant is grown in gar-
dens for the sake of the scent of the flowers.
Taller Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Shrub 6 feet.
7 C. serra'tus (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3, p. 461.) leaves
ovate-oblong, acute, doubly serrated ; spikes brachiate, axillary.
b • G. Native of Japan, in the interior of the islands. Nigrina
serrata, Thunb. act. ups. t. 7. p. 142. t. 5. f. 1. Stem simple,
about a foot high. Leaves a hand long, having the serratures
acute.
Serrated- leaved Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. A mixture of loam, sand, and a little peat, is a good
soil for the species of Chlordnthus ; and they are easily in-
creased by cuttings under a hand-glass, or by suckers.
II. ASCARI'NA (from aoicapig, ascaris, ascarides, or small
round worms ; the name is applied to this genus because the
anthers are formed like small worms). Forst. char. gen. t. 59.
Lin. syst. Mondndria, Monogynia. Spikes filiform, dioeci-
ous. Perianthium a very short scale. Filament short ; anther
oblong, 4-furrowed, and probably 4-celled. Style wanting:
stigma somewhat 3-lobed, adnate to the ovarium. — A tree, with
oblong-serrated stalked leaves, and sheathing stipulas at the base
of the petioles.
1 A. polysta'ciiya (Forst. 1. c.) b • G. Native of the Society
Islands.
Many-spiked Ascarina. Tree.
Cult. See Chloranthus above for culture and propagation.
III. HEDYO'SMUM (from ?/cit>, hedy, sweetness, and oir/n/,
osme, a smell ; the plants are sweet-scented). Humb. et Bonpl.
nov. gen. 7. p. 634, 635. Swartz, fl. ind. 2. p. 957. t. 8. Scbreb.
gen. 2. p. 1453. — Tafalla, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per.
Lin. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Flowers monoecious.
Male aments oblong, naked, without scales and perianthia.
Filaments none ; anthers numerous, closely imbricated, oblong,
2-celled, furnished with a mucronate process. Female flowers
with a monophyllous tridentate calyx. Style very short, trique-
trous : stigma simple, obtuse. Drupe trigonal, 1-seeded, cover-
ed by the baccate calyx. — Small shrubs, with opposite branches
and leaves. Leaves serrated. Flowers monoecious, male ones
disposed in aments, and the female ones in racemes.
1 H. nu'tans (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 959. prod. p. 84.)
frutescent ; branches lax ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated : petioles
short, connate on both sides from stipulaceous membranous
sheaths at the base, which are retuse and ciliated on the margins.
b • G. Native of Jamaica, in woods, on the highest mountains.
Shrub branched. Branchlets tetragonal, jointed, rising from
the axils of the sheaths of the petioles. Leaves serrated, pale
green. Male aments pedunculate, oblong, nutant, filiform, rising
from the sheaths of the petioles. Female racemes terminal and
axillary from the same axils as the male ones, usually tripartite.
Calyx tridentate. Drupe triquetrous, hard, shining, brown,
clothed by the roundish, scarlet, fleshy calyx. The whole plant
lias a grateful smell, and an aromatic hot taste.
AWding-spiked Hedyosmum. Shrub 1 to 4 feet.
2 H. racemosa ; leaves oblong, serrated, short-acuminated ;
female peduncles twin, racemose, flexuous. b • G. Native of
Peru, at Cuchero and Pillao, where it is called Carpales and
Aytacupi. Tafalla racemosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 271.
There is a white pellucid sweet-scented resin issues from this
plant, which has the scent of gum-anime.
Racemose- flowered Hedyosmum. Tree 15 feet.
3 H. arbore'scens (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 961. prod. p.
84.) arborescent ; branches straight, erect; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late ; sheaths of petioles cucullate, bidentate ; male aments ob-
long, usually twin ; female racemes tripartite. J? . G. Native
CHLORANTHEiE. III. Hedyosmum. CAPRIFOLIA'CEjE.
435
of Jamaica and Martinico, on the higher mountains. Branches
angular near the sheaths of the petioles, kneed, rather fleshy.
Leaves serrated, attenuated and obtuse at the apex, brownish
green, shining. Stipulaceous sheaths large, cucullate, bidentate
at both sides. Female flowers crowded on the racemes by
threes, sessile. Scales 3-4 under the flowers. Ovarium trigo-
nal. Style triquetrous : stigma obtuse. Fruit white, rather
diaphanous. Calyx baccate, like that of the first species.
Arborescent Hedyosmum. Shrub 12 to 16 feet.
4 H. hirsu'tum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 164.)
sheaths and leaves oblong, serrated, hairy beneath. . S.
Native of New Granada.
Hairy- leaved Hedyosmum. Shrub.
5 H. glabra' tum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 165.
t. 635.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated, rough ; aments and
strobiles tern. 1? . S. Native of Peru, inPati and Muna, where it
is called Aytacupi ; and New Granada. Tafalla scabra, Ruiz
et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 270.
Smooth Hedyosmum. Tree 20 feet.
6 H. Bonplandia'num (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 7. p. 164.
t. 634-635.) leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous, serrated ;
male peduncles twin, 3-spiked : those of the female branched.
1? . S. Native of Peru, in the mountains of Cuchero and Aco-
mago, where it is called Ayacupi and Almacijas ; and New
Granada. Tafalla glauca, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 271.
Bonpland’s Hedyosmum. Tree 25 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chloranthus, p. 434.
with the exception that the species require more heat. They
are shrubs of no beauty.
Order CXXIX. CAPRIFOLIA'CEjE (this order agrees
with Caprifolium or Honeysuckle). Juss. gen. p. 110. (exclu-
sive of sects. 2 and 4.) Rich. diet, class. 3. p. 172. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 321.
Calyx having the tube adhering to the ovarium (f. 77. c.), and
the limb free and 5-lobed (f. 77. d. f. 78. «.). Corolla gamo-
petalous (f. 77. b. f. 78. b. f. 79. 5.), inserted in the calyx,
with the tube short (f. 77. b.), or long (f. 78. b.), and the limb
5-lobed (f. 77. 6.), and sometimes irregular (f. 78. b. f. 79. b.),
not valvate in aestivation. Stamens inserted in the calyx, and
adnate to the corolla at the base (f. 82./. f. 79. c.), and alternating
with its lobes, and equal in number to them (one of which is
sometimes abortive), sometimes exserted (f. 79. c. f. 78. e.),
sometimes inclosed (f. 82. /. f. 81. b.) ; filaments subulate ;
anthers ovate, 2-celled. Ovarium adnate to the calyx, while
young 3-celled (f. 77. e.). Style exserted (f. 78. c.) or want-
ing ; stigmas 3, sometimes distinct, sometimes combined into a
head. Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx (f. 77. d. f.
81. g.), usually pulpy, rarely almost dry, many-celled in the
adult state, but often 1 -celled from the dissepiments, which are
very thin, having vanished. Seeds inverted, solitary, twin, or
numerous in the cells, but sometimes many of them are abor-
tive ; spermaderm crustaceous. Embryo in the centre of a
fleshy albumen ; with a superior radicle, and 2 ovate-oblong
cotyledons. — Shrubs, rarely herbs or trees. Leaves opposite,
exstipulate (rarely furnished with 2 small stipulas at the base
of each petiole) simple, undivided, toothed, rarely pinnate,
feather-nerved. Flowers terminal, corymbose, or axillary.
Taking Lonicera for the type of the order, there will be
found a striking affinity with Rubidcece, Tribe Cincliondcece in
the monopetalous tubular corolla, definite stamens, inferior ova-
rium, and opposite leaves, an affinity which is confirmed by the
corolla of the latter being occasionally regular or irregular.
With Apocynece it has an intimate alliance for the same reasons,
differing chiefly in their qualities, with the non-connivance of
the anthers, the aestivation of the corolla, and the structure of
the fruit. To Lorantliacece they also approach, in the structure
of the flowers and berries. Besides these points of affinity,
Caprifolidcece probably tends towards Urnbell'fercc through
Sambucus, from the fetid divided leaves and half herbaceous
habit. The genus Triosteum appears to be a link between this
order and Rubidcece. The fragrance and beauty of the honey-
suckle tribe have been the theme of many a poet’s song. They
consist either of twining or erect shrubs, with clusters of trum-
pet-shaped, fragrant, white, scarlet, or yellow flowers ; or of
fine bushes : having cymes of white blossoms. The honey-
suckle is the representative of the former and the elder of the
latter. Here too is found the modest and delicate Limice'a
borealis, which, however inferior its attractions for the vulgar
eye may be to those of its more ostentatious neighbours, yields
to none of them in elegance or interest for the botanist ; but
independently of such recommendations, they possess pioperties
of considerable interest. Their bark is generally astringent ;
that of Lonicera corymbosa is used for dying black in Chili.
The flowers of the elder are fragrant, soporific, and sudorific,
its leaves and inner bark fetid, emetic, and a drastic purgative,
qualities which are also possessed by the honeysuckle. The
fruit of Viburnum is destitute of these properties, but has in-
stead an austere, astringent pulp, which becomes eatable after
fermentation, and is made into a sort of cake by the American
Indians. Triosteum perfolialum is a mild cathartic ; in large
doses it produces vomiting ; and its dried or roasted berries
have been used as coffee. All caprifoliaceous plants love shady
and cool places in both hemispheres, but few have been found
in such as endure a very severe climate.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
Sambu'ceje. Corolla gamopetalous, regular, rotate (f. 74. a.
f. 75. a.) ; petals 5, only connected a little at the base, rarely
tubular. Style wanting. Stigmas 3, sessile.
1 Sambu'cus. Limb of calyx 5- cleft. Corolla rotate (f. 74.
a.), urceolate. Berry roundish, pulpy, 1-celled, 3-4-seeded
(f. 74. &.), hardly crowned (f. 74. e.).
2 Vibi/rnum. Limb of calyx 5 -cleft (f. 76. a.), permanent.
Corolla rotate (f. 75. a. f. 76. b.), sub-campanulate or tubular.
Berry ovate or globose, 1 -seeded from abortion, crowned by the
calycine teeth.
Tribe II.
Lonice'rea:. Corolla gamopetalous (f. 77 . b. f. 7S. 6.) more
(f. 78. b.) or less (f. 77. b .) tubular, usually irregular (f. 78. b.
f. 79. b.). Style filiform (f. 78. c.), crowned by 3 distinct or
concrete stigmas.
3 k 2
436
CAPRIFOLIACEjE. I. Sambucus.
3 Triosteum. Calyx with an ovate tube and a 5-parted
permanent limb (f. 77. a.). Corolla gibbous at the base, almost
equally 5-lobed (f. 77. b.). Stamens inclosed. Stigmas oblong,
thick. Berry coriaceous, obovately triquetrous (f. 77. c.),
crowned by the calyx (f. 77. d.), 3-celled (f. 77. e.), 3-seeded.
4 Diervi'lla. Calyx bibracteate at the base, with an oblong
tube and a 5-parted limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, 3-cleft.
Stigma capitate. Capsule oblong, not crowned, 1-celled, many-
seeded. Seeds minute.
5 Lonice'ra. Tube of calyx 5-toothed (f. 78. a.). Corolla
tubular (f. 78. b. f. 79. b.), funnel-shaped (f. 79. b.), or cam-
panulate (f. 80. a.), with a 5-parted, usually irregular limb (f.
78. b. f. 7 9.5.). Stigma capitate (f. 78. c.). Berry 3-celled ;
cells few-seeded.
6 Leyceste'ria. Calyx with an ovate tube, and a 5-parted
irregular limb, ciliated with glands. Corolla funnel-shaped, with
the tube gibbous at the base, and the limb 5-parted and cam-
panulate. Stigma capitate. Berry roundish, 5-celled, crowned
by the calyx ; cells many-seeded.
7 Symphorica'rpos. Calyx with a globose tube (f. 81. c.),
and a small 4-5-toothed limb. Corolla funnel-shaped (f. 81. e.),
with an almost regular 4-5-lobed limb. Stigma semi-globose.
Berry crowned by the calyx (f. 81. g.), 4-celled, 2 of them
empty, and the other 2 containing 1 seed each.
8 Abe'lia. Calyx with oblong tube; and a 2-5-parted fo-
liaceous limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, regular. Stamens
4, somewhat didynamous. Stigma capitate. Ovarium 2-celled;
cells 2-seeded. Fruit 1-seeded, crowned by the limb of the
calyx.
9 Linn^'a. Calyx with an ovate tube (f. 82. a.), and a 5-
parted limb (f. 82. b.). Corolla turbinate (f. 82. d.), somewhat
campanulate, 5-lobed (f. 82. d.). Stamens 4, 2 long and 2
short, inclosed. Stigma globose (f. 82. e.). Berry almost dry,
small, ovate-globose, 3-celled.
■f Genera allied to the present order , but not sufficiently known.
10 Ai'dia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla hypocrateri-
form, with a woolly throat and a 5-parted limb. Anthers 5,
linear, inserted into the incisures of the corolla. Style equal
to the corolla ; stigma ovate-oblong. Berry ovate, umbilicate,
1-seeded.
11 Valentia'na. Limb of calyx 8-cleft. Corolla tubu-
lar, with a 5-cleft, nearly equal limb. Stamens 4, epipetalous.
Style filiform ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit 2-celled.
12 Karpa'ton. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla tubular,
4-cleft, bilabiate. Stamens 2 ; anthers 2-lobed. Style under
the superior lip of the corolla ; stigma simple. Capsule crowned
by the calyx, 1-celled, 4-seeded.
Tribe I.
SAMBU'CEiE (containing shrubs agreeing with Sambucus
in the want of the style). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 487. D. C. prod. 4. p. 321. — Sambucineae, Batsch, tab. aff.
p. 238. A. Rich. diet, class. 3. p. 173. Corolla gamopetalous,
regular, rotate, 5-lobed, or the petals are 5, and concrete at the
base, rarely tubular. Style wanting ; stigmas 3, sessile.
I. SAMBU'CUS (from oapfivKr], which the Latins have
changed to sambuca, a musical instrument, which is believed to
have been made of elder-wood : this wood has always been
renowned for its hardness). Tourn. inst. 376. Lin. gen. no.
372. Gaertn. fruct. t. 27. Lam. ill. t. 211. Schkuhr, handb.
t. 83. D. C. prod. 4. p. 321. — Phyteuma, Lour. coch. p. 138.
but not of Lin.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Trigynia. Calyx small, but divided
into 5 deep segments, permanent. Corolla rotate (f. 74. a.),
urceolar, 5-lobed; lobes obtuse. Stamens 5 (f. 74. b.), about
the length of the corolla ; filaments awl-shaped ; anthers round-
ish, heart-shaped. Style none ; stigmas 3, obtuse. Berry glo-
bular (f. 74. e.), pulpy, of 1 cell, containing 3-5 seeds (f.
74. b.), which are convex on the outside and angular inside.
— Shrubs, rarely herbaceous; having a strong disagreeable
scent ; stems with a solid spongy pith. Leaves opposite, stalked,
pinnate ; leaflets toothed, pinnate, or jagged, bi-stipellate or
bi-glandular at the base. Flowers white or purplish, disposed in
terminal cymes, which are in some flat and in others thyrsoid.
Berries purplish, cathartic. Those plants of the genus which
have pinnate or jagged leaflets are not true species but only
varieties, all the true species having only toothed leaflets.
* Leaves pinnate. Flowers cymose or corymbose.
1 S. E'bulus (Lin. spec. p.
385.)root fleshy, creeping ; stems
herbaceous, simple, deeply and
unequally furrowed ; leaflets
ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply
serrated, unequal at their base ;
stipulas foliaceous, cut ; cymes
of 3 main branches ; flowers all
hermaphrodite. 1/ . H. Na-
tive of Europe, even to Cauca-
sus, in waste ground about
hedges. In Britain, in like situ-
ations, but not common either
in England or Scotland. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 475. Curt. lond.
3. t. 18. Woodv. med. bot.
suppl. t. 260. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1156. — Mill. ill. t. 226. S.
humilis, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 370. — E'bulus, Math, valgr. 2. p. 608.
with a figure. Cam. epit. 979. with a figure. Leaflets 4-5
inches long, nearly smooth. Flowers all stalked, of a dull purplish
hue, with thick white filaments, whose anthers are reddish. Ber-
ries globose, black, not always perfected, 3-4-seeded.
Our ancestors evinced a just hatred of their brutal enemies
the Danes, in supposing this nauseous, fetid, and noxious plant
to have sprung from their blood ; hence it was formerly called
Dane-wort. Its qualities are violently purgative, sometimes
emetic ; yet a rob of the fruit is said to have been taken with
safety, as far as an ounce. The foliage is not eaten by cattle,
nor will moles come where these leaves, or those of any of the
species are laid. They also drive away mice from granaries,
and the Silesians strew them where their pigs lie, under the per-
suasion that they prevent some of the diseases to which swine
are liable. The specific name is from £u/3o\t/, eubole, an erup-
tion.
Far. (d, humilis (Mill. diet. no. 5.). Mr. Miller makes this
a distinct species. He says that the roots do not creep so
much ; that the stems do not rise so high ; that the leaves
have seldom more than 7 leaflets, and towards the top only 5,
longer and narrower than in the common dwarf elder, deeply cut
on their edges, and ending with winged acute points. 7/ • H.
Savi collected this variety about Pisa.
FIG. 74.
CAPRIFOLIACEiE. I. Sambucus.
437
Dwarf-elder or Dane-wort. FI. July. Brit. PI. 4 to 5 feet.
2 S. Chine'nsis (Lindl. liort. trans. 6. p. 297.) root
creeping ; stems herbaceous, warted, with dark furrows ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets 7-9, oblong-lanceolate, crenately ser-
rated, naked on both surfaces ; flowers monoecious : female
ones cup-shaped, apetalous and fleshy. 1/ . H. Native of
China. A strong, rough herbaceous plant, very like S. E'bulus.
The male flowers are white and numerous, with brownish-pur-
ple anthers.
China Dwarf-elder. FI. Sept. Clt. 1822. PI. 5 to 6 feet.
3 S. Palme'nsis (Link, in Buch. can. p. 151.) stems un-
known ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated ; petioles,
nerves of leaves, and peduncles, densely hairy. Ij . ? H. Native
of the island of Palma, one of the Canaries, near Sauces.
Palma Elder. Shrub ?
4 S. adna'ta (Wall. cat. no. 482.) stems suffruticose ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate, sharply serrated, pu-
bescent along the nerves, unequal at the base : the lower side
decurrent ; cymes trichotomous ; berries ovate, striated, almost
dry. *2 . H. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Flowers
white ?
^dnate-leafletted Elder. Shrub.
5 S. Java'nica (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 657.) stem suffru-
ticose ; stipulas foliaceous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, oblique at the base, sharply and glandularly
serrulated ; corymbs with 3-5 main branches. Tj . G. Native
of Java, frequent on the mountains, where it is called Kitespon.
Java Elder. Shrub.
6 S. Gaudichaudia'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 322.) stem suffru-
ticose ; leaves pinnate, glabrous ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minated, equal at the base, sharply serrated ; stipulas ovate,
foliaceous, serrated ; corymb pedunculate, umbellate, of 5 main
rays or branches. T? . H. Native of New Holland, at Port
Jackson, where it was collected by Gaudichaud. According to
the description this appears to be nearly allied to S. Javdnica.
Berries ovate-globose, small.
Gaudichaud' s Elder. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
7 S. Mexica'na (Presl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 322.) stem suffruticose ? leaves pinnate ; leaflets 7, ovate or
oblong-lanceolate, acute, serrated, rather hairy beneath as well
as on the petioles and branches ; corymb of 5 principal rays or
branches. Pj . H. Native of Mexico. S. subalpina, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 171.
Mexican Elder. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
8 S. Canade'nsis (Lin. spec. 385.) frutescent, glabrous ;
leaves pinnate or sub-pinnate : leaflets about 4 pairs, oblong-
oval, stiffish, acuminated, more or less pubescent beneath, some-
times appendiculated at the base ; cymes of 5 main branches.
J? . H. Native of North America, from Carolina to Canada, in
swamps and near hedges, and throughout Canada, as far as the
Saskatchawan. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 142. Flowers said to be
almost inodorous. Berries deep bluish-black.
Canadian Elder. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1761. Sh. 6 to 10ft.
9 S. nigra (Lin. spec. 385.) arboreous; leaves pinnate;
leaflets usually 5, smooth, deep green, ovate or oblong-oval, acu-
minated, the lower leaflets sometimes ternate ; cymes with 5
main branches. Pj . H. Native throughout the whole of
Europe, Caucasus, Siberia, and probably of Japan, in hedges,
coppices, and woods, common ; plentiful in Britain, in like
situations; the varieties rare, except in gardens. Duham. arb.
2. t. 65. ed. nov. 1. t. 55. Hayn. term. bot. t. 32. f. 2. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 476. Woodv. med. bot. t. 78. FI. dan. t. 545.
Branches, after a year’s growth, clothed with smooth grey bark,
and filled with a light spongy pith. F'lowers cream-coloured,
with a sweet but faint smell. Berries globular, purplish black ;
their stalks reddish. It may be remarked that our uncertain
summer is established by the time the elder is in full flower, and
entirely gone when its berries are ripe. The tree is, as it were,
a whole magazine of physic to rustic practitioners, nor is it
quite neglected by more regular ones. The berries make a
useful and agreeable rob, of a slightly purgative quality, and
very good for catarrhs, sore throats, &c. The inner bark is
more actively cathartic, and is thought beneficial in rustic oint-
ments and cataplasms for burns. The dried flowers serve for
fomentations, and make a fragrant but debilitating tea, useful
perhaps in acute inflammations, but not to be persisted in habi-
tually. An infusion of the leaves proves fatal to the various
insects which thrive on blighted or delicate plants ; nor do many
of this tribe, in the caterpillar state, feed upon them : cattle
scarcely touch them, and the mole is driven away by their scent.
A wine is made from the berries, to be taken warm, with spices
and sugar ; and they are said to frequently enter into the com-
position of a less innocent beverage — artificial or adulterated
port. An infusion of the inner green bark of the trunk in wine,
or the expressed juice of the berries, in the dose of half an ounce,
is said to purge moderately, and in small doses to prove deob-
struent. The expressed juice of the berries, inspissated to the
consistence of a rob, proves an useful aperient medicine, and
if continued for a sufficient length of time, is of considerable
service in various chronical disorders. The young leaf-buds
are strongly purgative, and act with so much violence as to be
accounted unsafe. The flowers have an agreeable aromatic
flavour, like that of Frontignac wine, which they yield in dis-
tillation to water, and impart, by infusion, to vinous and spiri-
tuous liquors and oils. Sydenham recommends as an effec-
tual hydragogue diuretic 3 handfuls boiled in a quart of milk
and water till only a pint remains, of which one half is to be
taken night and morning, and repeated several days. Boerhaave
gave its expressed juice in doses from a drachm to half an
ounce. It is said also that if sheep who have the rot can get
the bark they will soon cure themselves. An infusion of the
leaves is useful for gardeners to sprinkle over the buds of such
flowers as they wish to preserve from minute caterpillars, for
few insects can bear the elder. In Scotland the tree is called
Bountry.
Far. /3, virescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 322.) fruit green. P? . H.
S. virescens, Desr. arb. fr. 1. p. 348.
Far. y, leucocdrpa ; fruit white. P? . H.
Far. S, laciniata ; leaflets cut into fine segments. P? . H. S.
laciniata, Mill. diet. no. 2. — Lob. icon. 2. t. 164. f. 2. Called
Parsley-leaved elder.
Far. e, rotund folia ; leaves ternate ; leaflets petiolate, round-
ish, serrated ; corymbs few-flowered. Pj . H. Cultivated in
Chelsea garden.
Far. £, monstrosa; branches striped; flowers of from 5-15
parts, and with from 5-15 stamens ; stigmas 5-12 ; berries irre-
gular. Tj . H. S. monstrosa, Hort.
Far. t, variegata ; leaves variegated with yellow or white.
• H-
Common or Black-berried Elder. FI. June. Britain. Shrub
10 to 15 feet.
10 S. Peruvia'na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
429.) arboreous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 7, oblong, acuminated,
obtuse at the base, nearly equal ; petioles glabrous ; corymbs
somewhat trichotomous ; berries usually 5-seeded. P? . H.
Native of Peru, on the Andes, in cultivated places, at the eleva-
tion of 4000 feet. S. suaveolens, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 6.
p. 441. Flowers white. Berries black.
Peruvian Elder. Shrub 12 to 20 feet.
11 S. austra'lis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 140.)
shrubby; leaves pinnate; stipulas glabrous; leaflets 11-13,
ovate-lanceolate, usually unequal at the base ; corymbs brac-
1
438
CAPRIFOLI ACE7E. I. Sambucus. II. Viburnum.
teate : stigmas 5, sessile; berries 5-celled. I? . H. Native of
Brazil, and cultivated at Talcahuano in Chili. Flowers cream-
coloured ? There is a variety of this having 4 stigmas and a
4-eelled berry.
Southern Elder. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
* * Leaves pinnate. Flowers panicled.
12 S. racemosa (Lin. spec. 386.) shrubby; leaves pinnate;
leaflets 5, membranous, oblong, acuminated, serrated, unequal
at the base ; petioles glabrous ; panicle ovate. I2 • H. Native
of middle and south Europe, and Siberia on the mountains.
Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 59. Duham. arb. t. 66. and ed. nov. 1.
t. 56. S. montana, Cam. epit. 976. S. cervini, Tabern. t. 1029.
— Lob. icon. t. 163. Leaves pale green, pretty smooth.
Flowers of a whitish green colour. Fruit red or scarlet when
ripe.
Far. j3, laciniata (Koch, in D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 500.)
leaflets jagged. J? . H. Native of the Palatinate of the Rhine.
Racemose-^ owered Elder. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1596.
Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
13 S. pu'bens (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 181.) shrubby ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, membranous, ovate-lanceolate or
oblong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent, but chiefly on the
under side ; panicle thyrsoid. ^ • H. Native from Carolina
to Canada, on the highest mountains, as far as the Saskatchawan.
S. racemosa, Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 279. but not of Lin.
Berries red. Flowers whitish. Resembles S. racemosa very
much.
Far. ft, lieptaphylla ; leaves larger than those of the species ;
leaflets 7. Ij . H. Native of North America, on the east side
of the Rocky Mountains : and shores of the Columbia, near
Fort Vancouver, and at its confluence with the sea. The Rocky
Mountain specimens, and, more especially those from the Pa-
cific, are remarkable for the great size and length of their leaf-
lets, and there being almost constantly seven upon eac hrachis.
Downy Elder. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Sh. 6 to 10 ft.
* * * Leaves bipinnate.
14 S. ebuloides (Desv. in herb. mus. par.) suffruticose ;
leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated ; panicle composed
of racemes, . H. Native of China, in the suburbs of Can-
ton. Phyteuma bipinnata, Lour. coch. 138. Branches angular
and furrowed. Flowers white. Fruit perforated, 3-celled,
many-seeded.
Danewort-like Elder. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
15 S. fiiyteumoides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 323.) suffruticose ;
leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated, wrinkled ; pedun-
cles many-flowered, divaricate. • H. Native of Cochin-
china, on the mountains. Phyteuma Cocliinchinensis, Lour,
coch. 139. Flowers white. Berry roundish, pertuse, small,
1 -celled, many-seeded. Very nearly allied to S. ebuloides.
Phyteuma-like Elder. Shrub 5 feet.
f Doubtful species, to be inquired into or excluded from the
order.
16 S. ? Loureiria'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 323.) arboreous ;
leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, broad-lanceolate, quite entire, gla-
brous. Ij . H. Native of China, on the mountains. S. nigra,
Lour. coch. p. 181. but not of Lin. Cymes 5-parted and 3-
parted ; peduncles long, nearly equal. Fruit a round, small,
reddish-brown, 3-seeded inferior berry. The berries are used
by the Chinese in coldness of the extremities, as they are of a
heating nature, from which quality, and the quite entire leaflets,
it is not likely to be a species of Sambucus, but probably a spe-
cies of Turpinia.
Loureiro’s Elder. Shrub 8 feet.
17 S. ? Japonica (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 125.) shrubby; leaves
impari-pinnate, with 3-7 pairs of leaflets and an odd one ;
leaflets ovate, acute, cartilaginously serrated, glabrous ; flowers
disposed in panicled, trichotomous cymes. . H. Native of
Japan. Ovarium superior and style filiform, for which reason
it ought evidently to be excluded from the genus : it is pro-
bably also a species of Turpinia. Stipulas none. Stigmas
cajntate, white.
Japan Elder. Shrub.
18 S. ? Tiiunbe'rgii ; shrubby; cymes 5-parted; leaves
somewhat bipinnate. . H. Native of Japan, near Naga-
saki and elsewhere, where it is called by the Japanese Sokuso-
so and Saki-Teki. Shrub perishing just above the earth every
year. S. Canadensis, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 126. This plant is
hardly known as well as the S. nigra, Thunb. 1. c.
Thunberg's Elder. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of elder are of the most easy culture,
and will thrive in any soil or situation. The perennial herba-
ceous species creep much at the root, and are difficult to extir-
pate, having once got hold in the ground. The shrubby and
arboreous kinds are easily increased by cuttings, stuck in the
ground in autumn or spring. Those species, natives of warmer
climates, will require a little protection in severe weather in winter.
II. VIBU RNUM (this name is derived, according to Vail-
lant, from the Latin word vieo, to tie ; on account of the plia-
bility of the branches of some species). Lin. gen. p. 370.
Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 27. Adans. fam. 2. p. 501. Schkuhr,
handb. t. 81. D. C. prod. 4. p. 323. — O'pulus, Viburnum, and
Tinus, Tourn. inst. p. 607. t. 376 and 377. — Viburnum and
O'pulus, Moench. meth. p. 505.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Limb of calyx small,
5-cleft (f. 76. a.), permanent. Corolla rotate (f. 75. a. f. 76. b.),
somewhat campanulate, or tubular, with a 5-lobed limb (f. 76. b.).
Stamens 5, equal (f. 75. b.). Stigmas 3, sessile. Berry ovate
or globose, 1 seeded from abortion, crowned by the calycine
teeth. Seeds compressed. — Shrubs. Leaves opposite, petio-
late. Corymbs of flowers terminal. Flowers usually white,
but sometimes verging to a rose colour.
Sect. I. Lenta'go (from lento, to make pliant ; in reference
to the pliability of the branches of some species). D. C. prod.
4. p. 324. — Viburnum, Moench. meth. p. 505. — Viburnum and
Tinus, Tourn. 1. c. Borkb. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 20. Corymbs
not radiant, having the flowers all fertile, and equal in shape
and size. Corolla rotate, or hardly somewhat bell-shaped.
Seed oval.
§ 1. Leaves quite entire or toothed. Style almost wanting ;
stigmas 3, sessile.
I V. Tinus (Lin. spec. 383.)
leaves ovate-oblong, quite entire,
permanent : having the ramifi-
cations of the veins beneath, as
well as the branchlets, furnished
with glandular hairs. . H.
Native of the south of Europe,
in the region of the olives, and
of the north of Africa, as of
Portugal, Spain, Italy, the south
of France, and Algiers. Duh.
arb. ed. nov. 2. t. 37. Curt,
bot. mag. t. 38. V. lauri-
forme, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 363.
Tinus, Tourn. inst. p. 607. t.
377. Tinus laurifolius, Borkb.
FIG. 75.
CAPRIFOLIACEiE. II. Viburnum.
439
in Roem. arch. 1. pt. 2. p. 20. Corymbs flat. Flowers white,
but rose-coloured before expansion, and sometimes afterwards
for a little time. Berries dark blue. The Laurestine or Lau-
restinus is one of the most ornamental of evergreen shrubs,
with shining leaves and showy white flowers, which appear during
the winter months. The name of Laurestinus was given to
the shrub by old authors, they supposing it to be a kind of
bay or laurel. The berries are very hot, and inflame the
fauces violently, like those of Mizereon ; and they are also vio-
lently purgative, according to Parkinson ; but some kinds of birds
are said to eat them greedily.
Var. a, hirtum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 166.) leaves oval-oblong,
hairy beneath and on the margins. f? . H. Native of Portugal
and Spain, and the country of Nice. V. Tinus, Mill. diet. no.
4. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 49. no. 1. The flowers of this variety
appear in autumn and continue all the winter. It is the
most hardy and most common sort, called Hairy Laurestine.
V. lucidum, Mill. Pers. and Schultes. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 49.
no. ii.
Var. /3, lilcidum (Ait. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, glabrous on
both surfaces, shining. Tj . H. Native about Algiers and on
Mount Atlas. The cymes as well as the flowers are larger than
the common sort ; these seldom appear till the spring, and when
the winters are sharp the flowers are killed, and never open
unless they are sheltered. Called Shining Laurestine.
Var. y, virgatum (Ait. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, pilose
on the margins as well as on the veins beneath. ^ • H. Na-
tive of Italy, about Rome and Tivoli, &c. — Clus. hist. no. iii.
with a figure. Called Common Laurestine.
Laurestine. FI. Dec. Mar. Clt. 1596. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
2 V. rugosum (Pers. ench. 1. p. 326. exclusive of the syn.
of Ait.) leaves broad, ovate, wrinkled, hairy, permanent ; uni-
versal involucrum 7-leaved ; berries ovate-oblong. 1? • F*
Native of the Canary Islands, in woods. Ker, bot. reg. t. 376.
Lodd. bot. cab. t. 859. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2082. V. Tinus S,
strictum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 167. V. rigidum,
Vent. malm. t. 98. Desf. arb. 1. p. 344. V. strictum, Link,
enum. 1. p. 288. Very like V. Tinus, but differs in the leaves
being larger, and hairy all over. Flowers white.
Wrinkled or Large-leaved Laurestine. FI. Dec. March.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
3 V. tinoides (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 184.) leaves elliptic-gla-
brous, quite entire ; branches terete, and are as well as the
corymbs hairy. T? . G. Native of South America, where it
was collected by Mutis.
Tinus-like Laurestine. FI. ? Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 to 6 feet.
4 V. glabra'tum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
428.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base,
quite entire, and very glabrous ; petioles naked ; branches canes-
cent and powdery ; corymbs involucrated. J? . F. Native of
South America, in wroods on the Andes, about Popayan, at the
altitude of 3000 or 4000 feet. V. glabrum, Willd. in Schultes,
syst. 6. p. 639. Calyx bluntly 5-toothed. Flowers white.
Smooth Laurestine. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
5 V. Ayavace'nse (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
428.) leaves ovate, acute, cordate, quite entire, glabrous, shining
above, but with the axils of the veins beneath furnished with
stellate hairs, as wrell as the branchlets and corymbs ; petioles
naked. Pj . G. Native of Peru, near Ayavaca, in temperate
places, at the elevation of 4000 or 5000 feet. Teeth of calyx
roundish-ovate, acute, ciliated. Flowers white ? Perhaps the
same as V. tinoides.
Ayavaca Laurestine. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
6 V . intege'rrimum (Wall. cat. no. 457. D. C. prod. 4. p. 324.)
leaves oval, acute at the base, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous,
rather coriaceous, dotless ; petioles, branchlets, and peduncles
hairy ; corymbs loose, terminal ; fruit oval, compressed. 1) • S.
Native of the island of Pulo-Penang. This species agrees with
V. Tinus on the one hand and V. punctatum on the other. Ca-
lycine teeth erect, exceeding the berries.
Quite-entire- leaved Laurestine. Shrub 4 to 6 feet ?
7 V. Chine'nse (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
190.) leaves membranous, broad-elliptic, acute, coarsely and
unequally toothed, glabrous above while young, puberulous and
dotless beneath ; corymbs terminal, pubescent. Tj . G. Native
of China.
China Laurestine. Shrub.
8 V. euncta'tum (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 142.)
leaves oval-oblong, quite entire, mucronulate, glabrous on both
surfaces, beset with dots beneath ; corymbs terminal, smooth,
spreading, sessile. T? . H. Native of Nipaul, at Suemba,
where it is called Hemu-srva by the Nawar people. Teeth of
calyx obtuse. Flowers white.
Dotted- leaved Laurestine. Shrub.
9 V. acumina'tum (Wall. cat. no. 465. D. C. prod. 4. p.
325.) leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, glabrous, coria-
ceous, dotted beneath ; branchlets, petioles, and peduncles beset
with scurfy dots ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, shorter than
the leaves; berries oval-oblong. . H. Native of the East
Indies, on the Nellighery Mountains, where it was collected by
Notan. Very nearly allied to V. punctatum.
Acuminaled-leaved Laurestine. Shrub.
10 V. premna'ceum (Wall. cat. no. 461. D.C. prod. 4. p.
325.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, glabrous above and
dotless beneath, and downy along the nerves, having 1-3 coarse
serratures on each side ; petioles short, and are as well as the
branchlets and peduncles clothed with villous tomentum ; co-
rymbs terminal, with 5 main branches, involucrated by 5 elliptic
leaves. Tj . G. Native of the East Indies, on tbe Pundua
mountains. Leaves 3-3^ inches long, and 1 \ inch broad, feather-
nerved ; but the 2 lower lateral nerves rise from the base and
give the leaf the appearance of being 3-nerved.
Premna-like Laurestine. Shrub 5 to 7 feet.
1 1 V. nervosum (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
190.) evergreen; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous, acute at
the base and apex, dotless beneath, with a few serratures to-
wards the apex on both sides ; nerves impressed above, but
prominent beneath, glabrous in the axils, and with numerous
transverse conspicuous veins between them ; peduncles and
petioles short and glabrous ; corymbs terminal. Ij . G. Na-
tive of China. This is closely allied to V. premndeeum, Wall,
in which plant is observed, besides the character given by D. C.
that the axils of the leaves are furnished with a tuft of short
hairs, which is totally absent from the present species.
iVeraed-leaved Viburnum. Shrub.
12 V. Colebrookea'num (Wall. cat. no. 460. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 325.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, hardly obtuse at the base,
regularly serrate-toothed, glabrous, dotless : petioles, branches,
and peduncles scurfy from stellate down ; corymbs axillary,
pedunculate, without any involucra. 1? . G. Native of tbe
East Indies, on the Pundua Mountains. The corymbs are not
truly axillary, but are borne on short leafless, axillary branchlets
or peduncles, which are furnished with 2 leaves at tbe base.
Flowers white.
Colebrooke’s Laurestine. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
13 V. fce'tidum (Wall. cat. no. 466. D. C. prod. 4. p. 325.)
leaves elliptic-oblong, cuneated at the base, coarsely and sinu-
ately toothed, glabrous above, but villous along tbe nerves be-
neath ; petioles, branchlets, and peduncles villous ; corymbs
terminal, pedunculate, of 6 main branches, without any invo-
lucra ; fruit almost sessile, oval. Ij . S. Native of the Bur-
man Empire, on Mount Taong-Dong, near Ava. Leaves 2
440
CAPRIFOLIACE7E. II. Viburnum.
inches long, and half an inch broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long.
Flowers white.
Fetid Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
14 V. sambu'cinum (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 656.) leaves
elliptic-oblong, attenuated at both ends, almost quite entire,
puberulous on the ribs beneath ; corymbs terminal, divaricate,
puberulous. . S. Native of Java, among bushes on the
mountains. Flowers white.
Far. ft ; leaves oval, acute at both ends, smoothish, serrated
at the top. Tj . S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak.
E/der-scented Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
15 V. lute'scens (Blum, bijdr. p. 655.) leaves oblong, bluntly
acuminated, acutely and coarsely serrated at the base, coriace-
ous, shining, paler beneath ; corymbs terminal, divaricate, pu-
berulous. . S. Native of Java, in the provinces of Krawang
and Tjanjor, among other bushes on the mountains.
Yellowish Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
16 V. prunifolium (Lin. spec. 383.) leaves roundish-ob-
ovate and oval, glabrous, rather membranous, crenately serrated,
ending in a short acumen ; petioles marginate, glabrous ; cymes
sessile ; berries ovate or roundish. Tj . H. Native of North
America, from New England to Carolina, in hedges and fields ;
also of Canada about Lake Huron. Wats, dendr. t. 23. — Pluk.
aim. 46. f. 2. — Duham. 2. t. 38. Flowers white as the rest of
the species. Berries dark blue. This species appears to be
very nearly allied to V. nudum, but the leaves are broader and
more membranous.
Plum-leaved Viburnum. FI. May, June. Clt. 1731. Shrub
8 to 10 feet.
17 V. pyrifolium (Poir. diet. 5. p. 658.) leaves ovate, acut-
ish, glabrous, subserrated ; petioles smooth ; corymbs some-
what pedunculate ; fruit ovate-oblong. T? . H. Native of Penn-
sylvania, New Jersey, &c. on the banks of rivers. Flowers
white. Berries black. Resembles the preceding species, but
is not so straggling in its growth.
Pear-leaved Viburnum. FI. May, June. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
18 V. lenta'go (Lin. spec. p. 384.) leaves broad-ovate,
acuminated, sharply serrated, glabrous ; petioles with narrow
curled margins ; corymbs terminal, sessile. 1? . H. Native of
North America, from New England to Carolina, among hedges,
and on the borders of woods. Throughout Canada to the Sas-
katchawan. Wats. dend. brit. t. 21. Schmidt, arb. 3. t. 176.
ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 637. Flowers white. Fruit
black. Serratures of leaves hooked a little, and somewhat
cartilaginous. This species is more inclined to grow to a tree
than any of the rest. The specific name is from lento, to make
pliant, on account of the pliable propendent branches.
Lentago or Pliant-branched Viburnum. FI. July. Clt. 1761.
Shrub 10 feet.
19 V. nu'dum (Lin. spec. 383.) leaves oval-oblong, angular
at the base, bluntish, with revolute obsoletely crenelated mar-
gins, quite glabrous ; petioles beset with scale-like scurf or
down ; corymbs pedunculate, exinvolucrate. T? . H. Native
from Canada to Georgia, in swamps, particularly on a sandy
soil ; about Quebec, and on the banks of the Saskatchawan ;
and of Newfoundland. Wats. dend. t. 20. Mill. fig. 274. V.
squamatum, Willd. enum. 1. p. 337. ex Torrey, fl. un. st. p.
319. Wats. dend. t. 24. Flowers whitish. Berries globose,
black, or dark blue. In the southern states this shrub becomes
evergreen ; the young branches are ferruginous, and sometimes
the under side of the leaves. According to Richard, in Boot’s
herb, this is the same as V. pyrifolium, Poir.
Naked- cymed Viburnum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. Shrub
6 to 10 feet.
20 V. obova'tum (Walt. car. p. 116.) glabrous; leaves ob-
ovate, crenately toothed, or quite entire, obtuse, but acute at the
base, on short petioles ; corymbs sessile ; berries ovate-roundish.
Ij . H. Native of Carolina and Georgia, in shady woods.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1476. V. cassinoides. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 179. but not of Lin. Flowers white. Fruit black, shining.
Far. ft, punicifolium (Desf. arb. 1. p. 345.) leaves oblong-ob-
ovate, obtuse, entire or loosely crenated at the apex. J? . H.
Growing along with the species.
Obovate-leaved Viburnum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Sh.
3 to 6 feet.
21 V. cassinoides (Lin. spec. p. 384.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acute at both ends, crenated, glabrous above, with subre-
volute edges ; under side of leaves, as well as the petioles,
which are keeled, and branches, which are tetragonal, covered
with scurfy dots ; corymbs sessile ; fruit ovate. . H. Native
from New York to Carolina, in swamps. V. punctatum, Rafin.
in litt. Flowers white. Berries bluish-black.
Cassine-lilce Viburnum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1761. Shrub
3 to 5 feet.
22 V. ueviga'tum (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1491.) leaves lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate, smooth, remotely and unequally ser-
rated, cuneated at the base and quite entire, glabrous ; branches
tetragonally 2-edged, glabrous ; corymbs sessile. 1? • H. Native
of Virginia and Carolina, near the sea coast. Cassine Paragua,
Lin. mant. 220. Cassine corymbosa, Mill. icon. t. 83. f. 1.
V. cassinoides, Duroi, harbk. 2. p. 486. V. lanceolatum, Hill,
hort. kew. t. 19. Flowers white. Berries black.
Smooth Viburnum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1724. Shrub 10
to 14 feet.
23 V. ni'tidum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 371.) quite glabrous ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, shining above, obsoletely serrated or
entire; branches tetragonal. . H. Native of Carolina and
Georgia, in sandy barren woods. A low shrub, with small
leaves. Flowers white.
A/imiwg-leaved Viburnum, Fl. May, June. Clt. 1758. Shrub
2 to 4 feet.
24 V. odorati'ssimum (Ker,
bot. reg. t. 456.) evergreen,
glabrous ; leaves coriaceous, el-
liptic-oblong, almost entire, with
re volute margins ; branches of
thyrse opposite, having the pe-
duncles of the branches tricho-
tomously pedicellate; style sim-
ple, short ; berries oblong, . G.
Native of China. V. Sinense,
Zeyh. in Coll. hort. ripul. 145.
app. 2. p. 330. t. 16. V. Chi-
nense, Zeyh. ex Steud. nom. p.
880. CofiTea monosperma, Hook,
et Arn. Berries red, but at length
becoming blackish, shining, 1-
seeded, crowned by the lobes of
the calyx, which are erect.
Flowers white, with the scent of those of O'lea fragrans, or
sweet olive. This shrub has scarcely at all the appearance of a
Fiburnum, from which genus the presence of a style essentially
distinguishes it. (f. 76.)
Sweet-scented-dov/exed Viburnum. Fl.Feb. Clt. 1818. Shrub
4 to 8 feet.
25 V. Lanta'na (Lin. spec. p. 384.) leaves cordate, rounded,
finely serrated, veiny, clothed beneath, but more sparingly on
the upper side, with starry mealy pubescence, like that on the
branches, petioles, and peduncles ; cymes pedunculate, broad,
flat, of numerous crowded white flowers ; bracteas several,
small, acute. 1? • H. Native throughout Europe, even to Cau-
casus, in hedges. In Britain in woods and hedges, especially on
FIG. 76.
CAPRIFOLIACEAL II. Viburnum.
441
a chalky or limestone soil. Smith, engl. hot. t. 331. Jacq. austr.
t. 341. — V. tomentosum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 363. — Cam. epit.
122. with a figure. — Duham. arb. 2. t. 103. — Lob. icon. 2. t.
106. A small tree, with copious, opposite, round, pliant, mealy
branches. Under side of leaves and branches white from mealy
down. Berries compressed in an early state, red on the outer
side, yellow on the inner, finally black, with a little mealy astrin-
gent pulp. Seed large, flat, and furrowed. The leaves turn
of a dark red in autumn. This shrub is hardly worth cultivat-
ing for ornament, nor is it of any particular use, except that the
bark serves to make bird-lime ; but that of the holly is much
better. It is supposed to be the viburnum of Virgil. The
name lantana is from lento to make pliant, on account of the
pliant branches.
Way-faring Tree. Fl. May, June. Britain. Shrub 6 to
15 feet.
26 V. lantanoides (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 179.) leaves
roundish-cordate, abruptly acuminated, unequally serrated : ser-
ratures awnless ; branchlets, petioles, and nerves of leaves cloth-
ed with powdery tomentum ; corymbs terminal, almost sessile ;
fruit ovate. Ip . H. Native of North America, from Canada
to Carolina, principally in the forests called Beech-woods ; about
Quebec and Lake Huron. V. Lant&na ji, grandifolium, Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 392. V. grandifolium, Smith, in
Rees’ cycl. no. 14. V. Lantana /3, Canadense, Pers. ench. 1. p.
327. The outer flowers of the corymbs are abortive and radiant,
a circumstance noticed by few botanists. Berries at first red,
but at length becoming black. In North America it is known
bv the name of hobble-bush. Very like V. Lantana, but of
more humble growth, and the leaves larger and tomentose.
Lantana-like Viburnum or American Wayfaring Tree. Fl.
June, July. Shrub.
27 V. dentatum (Lin. spec. p. 384.) partly glabrous ; leaves
ovate, and nearly orbicular, plicate, coarsely and dentately ser-
rated, with the nerves thick and feathered, glabrous on both
surfaces ; cymes or corymbs pedunculate ; fruit nearly globose.
Tj • H. Native of North America, from New York to Caro-
lina, in mountain woods, and of Mexico. Jacq. hort. vind. 1.
t. 36. Wats. dend. t. 25. V. dentatum lucidum, Ait. hort. kew.
1. p. 372. V. dentatum glabellum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
179. Flowers white. Berries small, dark blue, crowned by
the calyx. In North America the shrub is known by the name
of arrow-wood.
Toothed-\e&\ed Viburnum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1763. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
28 V. pube'scens (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 202.) pubes-
cent ; leaves ovate, acuminated, on short petioles, coarsely ser-
rate-toothed, villous beneath, with the nerves feathered and
prominent ; corymbs pedunculate ; fruit small, ovate. Ip . H.
Native of North America, in the lower parts of Virginia and
Carolina, and New York ; and of Canada about Lake Winnepeg.
V. dentatum /3, pubescens, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 168. V. den-
tatum semi-tomentosum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 179. V.
tomentbsum, Rafin. med. rep. 11. p. 360. V. villosum, Rafin.
in Desv. journ. 1. p.228. V. Rafinesquianum, Schultes, syst.
6. p. 630. Flow'ers white. The shrub is smaller in every part
than V. dentatum.
Downy Viburnum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1736. Shrub 3 feet.
29 V. elli'pticum (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 280.) leaves
elliptic, obtuse, on short petioles, coarsely serrated at the top,
very hairy beneath, but most so on the veins, which are pa-
rallel ; corymbs dense, pedunculate ; ovaries very hairy ; berries
oval-globose, deep black. Ip . H. Native of North America,
common on the branches of the Columbia, near its confluence
with the Pacific. Bark of branches pale brown. Leaves about
2 inches long.
VOL. III.
Var. jo ; ovaries glabrous. Ip . H. Growing along with the
species.
Elliptic- leaved Viburnum. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
30 V. villosum (Swartz, prod. p. 54. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 564.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous above in the
adult state, but tomentose beneath from stellate down, as well
as the petioles and branchlets ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate ;
fruit ovate-oblong. Ip . S. Native of the south of Jamaica, on
the mountains. Peduncles and calyxes rather villous. Corollas
white. This species agrees with V. Tinus in the leaves being
entire, and from the tomentum with V. Lantana. Petioles quad-
rangular and channelled.
Villous Viburnum. Clt. 1824. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
31 V. cotini folium (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 141.) leaves
roundish-oval, quite entire, clothed with stellate tomentum on
both surfaces, grey beneath, as well as the branches ; corymbs
terminal, woolly. Ip . H. Native of Nipaul, at Sirinagur.
Flowers white.
Cotinus -leaved Viburnum. Shrub.
32 V. nervosum (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 141.) leaves cor-
date, acuminated, nerved, serrated, clothed with deciduous stel-
late tomentum beneath, as well as on the branches ; peduncles
terminal, tern, cymose, few-flowered. Tp . H. Native of Nipaul,
at Sirinagur, where it is called Pheelaroo by the natives. V.
Lantana, Wall. mss.
NervedAeaved Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
33 V. cordifolium (Wall. cat. no. 462. D. C. prod. 4. p.
327.) leaves heart-shaped, acuminated, dentately serrated, mem-
branous, glabrous above, clothed with stellate down on the pe-
tioles and nerves, which is at first dense, but at length scattered ;
corymbs terminal, sessile, with 5-7 long main branches or rays ;
berries elliptic. Ip . H. Native of Nipaul, in Kamaon and
Gosaingsthan. Leaves 4 inches long, and 2g broad. Petioles
12-15 lines long. There are 4-6 nerves at the base of the limb
of the leaf on each side, rising from the midrib.
Heart-leaved Viburnum. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
34 V. Mullaha (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 141.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, distantly serrated, rounded at the
base, densely clothed with tomentum beneath, as well as on
the branches ; corymbs terminal, compound, spreading, to-
mentose ; teeth of calyx short. Ip . H. Native of Nipaul, at
Suembu. Nearly allied to V. tomentosum. Flowers white.
Mullaha Viburnum. Shrub.
35 V. stellula'tum (Wall. cat. no. 463. D. C. prod. 4. p.
327.) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, glabrous above, except
on the middle nerve, densely clothed with stellate down beneath,
as well as the branchlets and peduncles ; the margin serrated :
serratures distant, small, callous ; corymbs terminal, with 5-7
main branches, exinvolucrate. Ip . H. Native of Nipaul, in the
valley, and at Kamaon.' Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 54. t. 169.
Flowers white. Leaves roundish-cordate. Berries scarlet.
N/arn/-haired Viburnum. Shrub 12 to 20 feet.
36 V. involucra'tum (Wall. cat. no. 458. D. C. prod. 4. p.
327.) leaves ovate, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base,
villous from simple hairs while young, as tvell as the branchlets ;
corymbs terminal, decompound ; bracteas and bracteoles folia-
ceous, oval, attenuated at the base, acuminated, nearly entire,
exceeding the flowers. Ip . H. Native of Nipaul. Branches
of corymb and calyxes villous. Flow'ers white.
Involucrated Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
§ 2. Leaves serrated and denticulated. Flowers monogynous
from the style being a little elongated, and the stigmas being
concrete.
37 V. erosum (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 124.) leaves broad-ovate,
acuminated, erosely serrated, rather villous on both surfaces;
3 L
442
CAPRIFOLIACEyE. II. Viburnum.
petioles tomentose ; umbels decompound, pilose ; style simple,
b . H. Native of Japan. Branches grey, glabrous.
^rose-toothed Viburnum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
38 V. monogynum (Blum, bijdr. p. 655.) leaves elliptic-ob-
long, attenuated at both ends, glandularly denticulated above the
base, paler beneath ; corymbs divaricate, terminal, downy ;
flowers monogynous. b . G. Native of Java, in woods on the
mountains. Said to be nearly allied to V. erosum.
Monogynous Viburnum. Shrub.
§ 3. Leaves 3-lobed.
39 V. acerifolium (Lin. spec. 383.) branchlets and petioles
pilose ; leaves ovate-cordate, usually 3-lobed, acuminated, sharply
and loosely serrated, downy beneath ; petioles glandless, when
young stipulaceous at the base, and rather tomentose ; corymbs
terminal, pedunculate, not radiant. b . H. Native of North
America, from New England to Carolina, and of Newfoundland,
in rocky mountainous situations. Throughout Canada from
Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan ; and about Fort Vancouver
on the Columbia. Vent. hort. cels. t. 72. Wats. dend. brit. t.
118. Flowers white. Berries black, oval, compressed.
Maple-leaved Guelder-rose. FI. May, June. Clt. 1736.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
40 V. orienta'le (Pall. fl. ross. t. 58. f. H.) leaves 3-lobed,
acuminated, coarsely and bluntly toothed ; petioles glandless,
glabrous ; corymbs terminal, not radiant ; fruit oblong, com-
pressed. 12 . H. Native of Iberia, in woods, on the moun-
tains, &c. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 245. O'pulus orientalis folio
amplissimo tridentato, Tourn. cor. p. 42. Flowers white. Seed
oval, furnished with 2 channels on both sides, as in V. Lantana.
Very like the preceding species.
Oriental Guelder-rose. Fl. July. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
Sect. II. O'pulus (a name altered from populus, the poplar :
the leaves resembling those of the poplar). Tourn. inst. t. 376.
Moench, meth. p. 605. Outer flowers of the corymbs radiant
and sterile, much larger than the rest, which are fertile. Seed
obcordate.
41 V. O'pulus (Lin. spec. 384.) quite glabrous in every part ;
leaves broad, 3-lobed, acuminated, unequally serrated, veiny ;
petioles beset with glands towards the top, and several oblong
leafy appendages lower down ; cymes pedunculate, white, with
linear bracteas : with several of the marginal flowers dilated
flat, radiant, and without stamens or pistils ; berries elliptical,
bright red, very juicy, but bitter and nauseous ; seed compres-
sed. b • H. Native throughout Europe to Caucasus, in watery
hedges and swampy thickets. In Britain in like situations.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 332. Fl. dan. 661. Hayn, term. t. 32. f. 4.
V. lobatum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 363. O'pulus glandulosus,
Moench, meth. p. 505. O'pulus, Raii, syn. 460. Duham. arb.
2. t. 16. Sambucus aquatica, Bauh. pin. 456. Trag. hist.
1002. with a figure. Math, valgr. 2. p. 607. with a figure.
Branches smooth, green. Leaves bright green in summer, but
in autumn assuming a beautiful pink or crimson hue, like other
European species of the genera, that are principally American,
as Cornus, Rhus, &c. Flowers white. Berry crowned by the
limb of the calyx. There is to be found in the gardens a varie-
gated leaved variety.
Var. (3, sterilis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 328) b . H. Cultivated in
gardens. This variety is called snow -ball-tree or guelder-rose.
It is commonly planted in shrubberies along with the lilac and
liburnum, grouping elegantly with the various purple hues of the
former, and the golden chain of the latter, but they are all mere
summer beauties ; nor does any thing profitable or ornamental
follow. The several marginal flowers of the corymb in the species
are dilated, flat, and radiant, without stamens or pistils. In this
variety the whole cyme nearly consists of radiant sterile flowers,
and becomes globular. V. O'pulus roseum, Roem. et Schultes, syst.
6. p. 635. — Knor. del. 2. t. 5 and 6. The snow-ball has been
raised from seed by accident, and has been multiplied by cut-
tings.
Guelder-rose. Fl. May, June. Britain. Shrub 6 to 14 feet.
42 V. edu'le (Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 203.) leaves 3-lobed,
bluntish behind, and 3-nerved : lobes very short, denticulately
serrated : serratures acuminated ; petioles glandular ; outer
flowers of corymbs radiant. b . H. Native of North America,
from Canada to New York, on the banks of rivers. In Canada
from the Saskatchawan to Slave Lake, in lat. 66°. V. O'pulus
edule, Michx. fl. bor. amer. l.p. 180. A smaller and more up-
right shrub than the preceding species. The berries of the same
colour and size, but when completely ripe more agreeable to
eat, and sometimes employed as a substitute for cranberries.
It does not seem to differ much from V. oxycoccos except in the
broader base of the leaf.
Edible- fruited Guelder-rose. Fl. July. Clt. 1812. Shrub
5 to 10 feet.
43 V. oxyco'ccos (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 203.) leaves
3-lobed, acute behind, 3-nerved ; lobes divaricate, acuminated,
coarsely and distantly serrated ; petioles glandular ; cymes ra-
diant. b . H. Native of North America; on the mountains
of New York and New Jersey ; and throughout Canada to the
Arctic circle, and from Hudson’s Bay to the Rocky Mountains,
in swamps and shady woods. V. opuloides, Muhl. cat. 32. V.
tnlobum, Marsh, arb. p. 162. V. O'pulus Pimina, Michx. fl. 1.
p. 180. V. O'pulus Americana, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 373.
Flowers white. Berries subglobose, red, of an agreeable acid,
resembling that of cranberries, for which they are a very good
substitute. Very like the V. O'pulus of Europe.
Far. /3, subintegrifolia (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 281.) leaves
but little cut, very pubescent beneath. b . H. Native on the
banks of the Columbia.
Cranberry Guelder-rose. Fl. July. Shrub 6 to 12 feet.
44 V. molle (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 180.) leaves nearly
orbicular, cordate, plicate, toothed, rather tomentose beneath
from very soft down ; petioles rather glandular ; corymbs ra-
diant ; fruit oblong-ovate. b • H. Native of North America,
in Kentucky, near Danville ; Tennessee and Upper Carolina, in
hedges. V. alnifolium, Marsh, arb. p. 162. Flowers white.
Berries red. Bark deciduous. Very like V. oxycoccos, and
perhaps only a variety of it.
Soft Guelder-rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 6 to 12 feet.
45 V. microca/rpum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p.
170.) leaves subcordate, orbicular, or obovate, short-acuminated,
remotely and sinuately toothed, pubescent above, and clothed
with hoary tomentum beneath ; petioles short, without glands ;
rays of cyme almost sessile. b . H. Native of Mexico, near
Jalapa and San Meguel del Soldado. Leaves like those of the
filbert. Fruit black.
Small-fruited Guelder-rose. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
Sect. III. Solenoti'nus (from trioXrjv, solen, a tube, and tinus,
the laurestine ; in reference to the corollas being tubular). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 328. Corymbs not radiant. Corolla obconical or
cylindrical. Seeds oval-oblong. This section agrees with the
tribe Lonicercee in the corollas being tubular.
46 V. Dahu'ricum (Pall. fl. ross. ed. 8vo. p. 52.) leaves
ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, crenately serrated, beset
with stellate down, as well as the branchlets ; corymbs dichoto-
mous, few-flowered ; corollas tubular, somewhat funnel-shaped,
bluntly 5-toothed. b • H. Native of Dahuria. Lonicera
Mongolica, Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 38. and t. 58. f. F. G. Gmel. sib.
3. t. 25. Cornus Daurica, Laxm. Berry 5-7 seeded, ex Pall.
CAPRIFOLIACEiE. II. Viburnum. III. Triosteum.
443
ed. 1., 1-seeded, at first red, but at length becoming black and
sweet, ex Pall. ed. 2. Allied to V. Lanldna. Flowers yellow-
ish white.
Dahurian Viburnum. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
47 V. polyca'rpum (Wall. cat. no. 455.) leaves cordate, ovate,
somewhat acuminated, glabrous above, and tomentose from dense
stellate white down beneath, but at length rather naked ; corymbs
terminal, 5-rayed, on short peduncles ; corollas obconically tu-
bular ; berry elliptic, glabrous. J?.H. Native of Nipaul, at
Kamaon and Sirmore. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 3 inches
broad ; petioles 4 lines long.
Many-fruited Viburnum. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
48 V. cyli'ndricum (Ham. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 142.)
leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, quite entire, pubes-
cent beneath, and on the branches ; corymbs compound, erect,
tomentose ; corolla oblong, tubular, with a short 5-toothed limb.
1 2 . H. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. This species has
the habit of V. nudum. Flowers white, tubular, very like those
of V. Dahuricum.
Cylindrical-^ owered Viburnum. Shrub.
49 V. grandiflorum (Wall. cat. no. 464. D. C. prod. 4. p.
329.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, dentately serrated, pubescent
along the nerves beneath, when young ornamented with pencilled
hairs in the axils of the serratures above ; corymbs terminal,
bracteate ; corollas cylindrical. b* . H. Native of Nipaul, at
Kamaon. Very nearly allied to V. erubescens, but differs in the
singular hairs on the leaves. Bracteas villous, foliaceous, 4-5
lines long. Flowers white.
Great-Jlorvered Viburnum. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
50 V. erube'scens (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. t. 134. D. C. prod.
4. p. 329.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, serrated, glabrous ;
branchlets, petioles, and peduncles rather hairy ; corymbs termi-
nal ; bracteas linear-subulate, small ; corollas cylindrical. . H.
Native of Nipaul, at Kamaon. Leaves while young downy and
ciliated. Flowers white. Berries oblong, red, 1-seeded, crowned.
Erubescent Viburnum. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
51 V. coria'ceum (Blum, bijdr. p. 656.) leaves ovate or oval-
oblong, acuminated, denticulated, coriaceous, glabrous : corymbs
terminal, fastigiate ; tube of corolla cylindrical, . H. Native
of Java, in woods on the higher mountains.
Coriaceous- leaved Viburnum. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
f Species natives of Japan , but are not sufficiently known.
52 V.? cuspida'tum (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 125.) leaves ovate,
cuspidate, serrated, villous ; umbels supra-decompound, termi-
nal,, radiant. *2 • H. Native of Japan. Flowers white.
Cuspidate- leaved Viburnum. Shrub.
53 V.? dilata'tum (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 124.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, unequal, toothed ; petioles and peduncles villous ;
panicle axillary, decompound, but not radiant ; style simple,
very short. Tj . H. Native of Japan.
Dilated Viburnum. Shrub.
54 V.? tomentosum (Thunb. fl- jap. 123.) leaves ovate, acu-
minated, serrated, veiny, tomentose beneath and on the petioles ;
umbels lateral, radiant. I? . H. Native of Japan, in woods.
Sijo vulgo Adsai, Koempf. amoen. ex p. 854. Branches gla-
brous, reddish. Flowers blue, disposed on a dense large round
head like the Snow-ball Guelder-rose ; some are radiant and
sterile, and others are small and pentandrous.
Tomentose Viburnum. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. The species of Viburnum are all beautiful shrubs,
and the hardy species are well adapted for ornamental shrub-
beries. They are either increased by laying in the shoots, or
by cuttings under a hand-glass in a shady situation. The green-
house and hardy kinds are early flowerers, which render them
very desirable.
Tribe II.
LONICE'RE/E (plants agreeing with Lonicera in important
characters). R. Br. char, et descr. (1818) p. 4. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 329. — Caprifolieae A. Rich. diet, class. 3. p. 173. — Capri-
folia, Batsch, tabl. aff. p. 239. Corolla gamopetalous, more or
less tubular, often irregular. Style filiform ; stigmas 3, free, or
combined in one.
III. TRIO'STEUM (from rpeie, treis, three, and oareov,
osteon, a bone ; in reference to the three bony seeds in each
berry). Lin. gen. no. 234. Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 26. Lam. ill. t. 150.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 329.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx ovate ;
limb 5-parted (f. 77. a.): lobes linear-lanceolate, permanent.
Corolla tubular (f. 77. b.), almost equally 5-lobed, gibbous at
the base, a little longer than the calyx. Stamens 5, inclosed.
Stigma thick, oblong. Berry coriaceous (f. 77. c.), obovately
triquetrous, crowned by the calyx (f. 77. d.), 3-celled (f. 77. e.),
but sometimes only 1 -celled at maturity. Seeds 3 in each cap-
sule, rarely 5, bony, elliptic. — Perennial herbs, rarely suffruti-
cose. Leaves tapering into the petioles, and somewhat connate
at the base. Flowers axillary, sessile, or on very short pe-
dicels.
1 T. perfolia'tum (Lin. spec. 250.) leaves oval, acuminated,
abruptly narrowed at the base, and connate ; flowers sessile, ap-
pearing verticillate. If. H. Native of North America, in the
states of New Jersey, New England, Upper Carolina, and Vir-
ginia, in rich rocky grounds,
principally in a lime stone FIG. 77.
soil. Schkuhr, handb. 1 . t.
41. Bigel. med. bot. 90. t. 9.
T. majus, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 107. — Dill, eltli.
p. 394. t. 293. f. 378.
Flowers and berries deep
purple. Leaves sometimes
subsinuated. There are gla-
brous and pubescent varie-
ties of this species. The
roots of this species, as well
as those of the following,
are used in North America
as an emetic for ipecacuanha. It was first brought into notice
by Dr. Tinkar, and hence it has been called Tinkar’s root.
Perfoliate- leaved Fever-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1730.
PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 T. angustifolium (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 37.) leaves oval-lan-
ceolate, rather connate at the base ; pedicels axillary, solitary,
1-flowered ; stem hispid. If. H. Native of Virginia and Ca-
rolina, on the borders of woods in sandy soil. T. minus, Michx.
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 107. — Pluk. aim. t. 104. f. 2. Stem hairy,
rather quadrangular. Leaves quite entire. Flowers yellow.
Berries yellow.
Narrow-leaved Fever- wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1699. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
3 T. Himalaya'num (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 180.) plant
covered with long hairs ; leaves obovate, acute, connate at the
base : lowermost ones free ; racemes terminal, bearing the
flowers in whorls. If. H. Native of Nipaul, on the Himalaya
at Gosaingsthan, where it grows on very high and exposed
rocks. Stems terete. Leaves membranous, rounded at the end,
with a short acumen, 6-8 inches long, about 4 fingers broad,
somewhat narrow towards the base. Berries oval, about the
size of a small gooseberry, 3-furrowed, 1 -celled, 3-seeded,
hairy, yellow.
Himalaya Fever-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
3 l 2
444
CAPRIFOLIACEAt. IV. DiErvilea. V. Lonicera.
4 T. hirsu'tum (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 180.) plant suffruticose,
hairy ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate, entire, acuminated ;
flowers axillary, sessile, much shorter than their numerous lan-
ceolate bracteas ; berries 5-seeded. %. H. Native of Chitta-
gong, where it flowers during the hot season.
Hairy Fever-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet ?
Cult. These species of Triosteum will grow in almost any
kind of soil, although they prefer a peat or vegetable mould ;
and they are easily increased by dividing at the root, or by seed,
which generally ripen in abundance.
IV. DIERVI'LLA (named by Tournefort in compliment to
M. Dierville, a French surgeon, who was the first to introduce
D. Canadensis into Europe). Tourn.act. ac. par. 1706. t. 7. f. 1.
Lin. hort. cliff, p. 63. t. 7. Juss. gen. 211. D. C. prod. 4. p.
330. — Lonicera species, Lin. gen. — Weigela, Thunb. A- jap. p.
6. Lam. ill. 105. and Weigelia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 176. ex R. Br.
in Wall. pi. asiat. 1. p. 15.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx oblong,
bibracteate at the base : limb 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped,
3-cleft, spreading twice the length of the calyx. Stamens 5,
somewhat exserted. Stigma capitate. Capsule oblong, acute,
1 -celled, not crowned by the limb of the calyx, as in most of
the other genera of the present order. Seeds numerous, mi-
nute.— Erect shrubs. Leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated.
Peduncles axillary, bibracteate, usually dichotomous, 2-3 or 4-
flowered.
1 D. C^nade'nsis (Willd. enum. 1. p. 222.) leaves on short
petioles, ovate, acuminated, serrated, and are, as well as the
petioles, glabrous. Tj . H. Native of Carolina, New England,
Newfoundland, on rocks and the highest mountains ; through-
out Canada to the Saskatchawan ; and from Hudson’s Bay to
the Rocky Mountains. Lonicera Diervilla, Lin. mat. med. p.
62. Sims, hot. mag. 1796. D. Tournefortii, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 107. D. humilis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 214. D. lutea,
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 162. D. trifida, Moench, meth. 492.
D. Arcadiensis, Duham. arh. 1. t. 87. — Smidth, arb. t. 116.
Flowers yellow. Fruit a brown dry capsule. There are a num-
ber of varieties of this plant in respect to size of flowers, and
leaves. Root creeping, throwing up suckers.
Canadian Diervilla. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
2 D. Japo'nica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 330.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, ovate, acuminated, having the veins and petioles hairy
above. T? . H. Native of Japan, near Jedo ; and of Faconia.
Weigela Japonica, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 90. t. 16. and in Lin. trans.
2. p. 331. nov. gen. 1. p. 5. act. holm. 1780. p. 137. t. 5. —
Sima Utsugi, Kcempf. amoen. 5. p. 855. Corolla purple.
Japan Diervilla. Shrub.
3 D. Coraie'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 330.) leaves petiolate,
obovate, serrated, acuminated, glabrous ; petioles stem-clasping,
ciliated. Tj . H. Native of Japan. Weigela Coraeensis, Thunb.
in Lin. trans. 2. p. 331. Weigela Coraeensis, Pers. ench. 1. p.
176. — Sorei Utsugi, Kcempf. icon. sel. ed. Banks, t. 45.
Flowers large, campanulate. Perhaps a congener of the pre-
ceding.
Corcea Diervilla. Shrub.
Cult. The species of Diervilla are well fitted for the front
of shrubberies; and they are easily increased by cuttings put
into the ground in autumn and spring ; or by suckers, which rise
from the roots in plenty.
V. LONICE'RA (named after Adam Lonicer, a German wdio
was born in 1528, and died in 1586. There was another Loni-
cer, John, who wrote comments on Dioscorides). Desf. fl. atl.
1. p. 183. Lam. ill. t. 150. D. C. prod. 4. p. 330. — Lonicera
species, Lin. and many other authors. — Caprifolium and Xylos-
teum, Juss. gen. p. 212. — Xvlosteum, Caprifolium, Chamae-
cerasus, and Periclymenum, Tourn. inst. t. 378 and 379. —
Caprifolium and Lonicera, Roem. et Schultes, syst. — Lonicera
and Xylosteum, Torrey, fl. un. st.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx 5-toothed
(f. 78. a.). Corolla tubular (f. 78. b. f. 79. b.), campanulate,
or funnel-shaped : with a 5-cleft, usually irregular limb (f. 78.
b. f. 79. 6.). Stamens 5. Style filiform ; stigma capitate (f.
78. c.). Berry 3-celled ; cells few-seeded. Seeds crustaceous.
— Erect or climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, sometimes con-
nate, entire, but sometimes somewhat runcinate (f. 79. e.) in the
same species. Flowers axillary, variously disposed.
Sect. I. Caprifoeium {caper, a goat, and folium a leaf;
in reference to the climbing habit of the species). D. C. fl. fr.
4. p. 270. D. C. prod. 4. p. 331. — Caprifolium, Juss. gen.
212. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19. Lonicera, Torr. fl.
un. st. 1. p. 242. but not of Schultes. Berries solitary, while
young 3-celled, but when mature usually 1 -celled, crowned by
the tube of the calyx, which is permanent. Flowers disposed in
capitate whorls. — Climbing shrubs.
* Flowers ringent. — Caprifolium, Tourn. inst. jj. 608.
1 L. Caprifo'lium (Lin. spec. p. 246.) branches twining ;
leaves deciduous, obovate, acutish, glaucous : uppermost ones
broader and connate ; flowers ringent, terminal, disposed in capi-
tate whorls. I2 . -H. Native of middle and south Eurupe,
even to the Terek, in woods, hedges, and thickets. In England
in like situations ; in a wood near Elsfield, Oxfordshire, plentiful ;
in Chalkpit Close, Hinton, Cambridgeshire, certainly wild ; also
in another coppice in the same parish. In several woods in the
south of Scotland. Smith, engl. hot. t. 799. Jacq. austr. t.
357. Engl. gard. cat. 14. t. 5.— Dodon. pempt. 411. with a
figure. — Math, valgr. vol. 2. p. 321. with a figure. Cam. epit.
713. with a figure. — Rivin. irr. t. 123. Periclymenum perfo-
liatum, Ger. emac. p. 891. with a figure. Stem twining from
left to right. Buds acute, glaucous. The lower leaves are dis-
tinct and somewhat stalked ; 2 or 3 of the upper pairs united :
the uppermost of all forming a concave cup. Flowers in one
or more axillary whorls : the uppermost whorl terminal : with
a central bud, 6 in each whorl, highly fragrant, 2 inches long,
yellowish, with a bluish-coloured tube. Berries elliptical, of a
tawny orange colour, each crowned by an almost entire calyx.
Goat’s-leaf or Pale-perfoliate Honeysuckle. Fl. May, June.
Britain. Shrub tw.
2 L. Etki/sca (Santi, viagg. 1. p. 113. t. 1.) branches twin-
ing ; leaves deciduous, obovate, obtuse, pubescent : lower ones
on short petioles : upper ones connately perfoliate, acute, gla-
brous ; flowers disposed in verticillate beads : with usually
about 3 heads on the top of each branch. ^ H. Native
of the south of France, Sicily, Vallais, Carniola, Dalmatia, on
bills. Savi, fl. pis. 8. p. 236. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 500. L.
Etrusca, Host, fl. aust. 1. p. 298. Caprifolium Etruscum,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 261. L. Periclymenum, Gouan,
hort. p. 101. Caprifolium Italicum perfoliatum prae'cox,
Tourn. inst. p. 608. Flowers glabrous, sweet-scented, purplish
on the outside, and yellow inside.
Etruscan Honeysuckle. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub tw.
3 L. imfle'xa (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 231.) quite glabrous ;
branches twining ; leaves permanent, evergreen, glaucescent :
lower ones oblong, distinct : middle ones perfoliate : uppermost
ones connate, forming a hollow roundish cup ; flowers dis-
posed in capitate whorls, ringent. T? . r\ H. Native of the
Balearic Islands and Sicily. Sims, bot. mag. t. 640. Viv. fl. cors.
p. 4. exclusive of the Guss. syn. Camb. bal. p. 84. et Guss.
CAPRIFOLIACEiE. V. Lonicera.
445
sic.. 1. p. 257. Caprifolium implexum, Roem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 261. Flowers purplish before expansion, becoming paler
on the outside as they expand; white on the inside; but finally
changing to yellow, as in the common woodbine. The leaves
in Curtis’s figure appear to be ovate and acute.
Var. (3, Balcarica (Viv. Camb. et Guss. 1. c.) lower leaves
somewhat cordate : upper ones connate, obovate, glaucous be-
neath. Fj . H. Native of Corsica, South of France, Italy,
Sicily, and Mauritania, &c. Caprifolium Balearicum, Dum.
Cours. bot. cult. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 358. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 261. L. Balearica, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 499. L.
Caprifolium, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 183. Evergreen. Bark of
branches violaceous, clothed with glaucous bloom. Flowers
4-6 in a head, large, cream-coloured, 15-18 inches long.
Interwoven or Minorca Honeysuckle. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.
1772. Shrub tw.
4 L. Cyrena'ica (Viv. fl. lib. spec. 12. t. 8. f. 1.) quite
glabrous ; branches twining ; leaves elliptic, glaucous beneath :
lower ones sessile, distinct : upper ones truncate at the base,
and confluent; flowers disposed in whorled heads. Fj • ^ H.
Native of Lybia, in the vicinity of Cyren, on hills. Said to be
allied to L. Caprifolium, but differs in the upper leaves being
much smaller, almost as in L. Periclymenum.
Cyren Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
5 L. Pericly'menum (Lin. spec. p. 247.) branches climbing ;
leaves all separate, deciduous, sometimes downy, glaucous be-
neath, ovate, obtuse, attenuated at the base : upper ones the
smallest ; heads of flowers all terminal, ovate, imbricated ;
flowers ringent. H. Native of middle Europe, in
hedges, groves, and thickets, common ; plentiful in Britain, in
like situations. Smith, engl. bot. t. 800. Curt. fl. lond. fasc.
1. t. 15. Oed. fl. dan. t. 908. Schmidt arb. t. 107. Svensk,
bot. t. 140. Caprifolium Germanicum, Raii, syn. p. 458. engl.
gard. cat. t. 5. Periclymenum, Ger. emac. p. 891. with a figure.
Periclymenum Germanicum, Riv. mon. irr. t. 122. P. hor-
tense, Gesn. icon. pict. fasc. 1. 38. t. 7. f. 49. Caprifolium
Periclymenum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 262. Caprifolium
sylvaticum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 365. There are varieties of this
species with either smooth, pubescent, or variegated leaves ;
and when the plant grows by the sea-side they are occasionally
more glaucous and rather succulent. Corollas externally deep
red, or in the earlier flowering varieties all over buff coloured ;
in the maritime plant smaller and greenish. Berries nearly
globular, deep red, bitter and nauseous, accompanied by per-
manent bracteas. The early writers attribute virtues to this
shrub which are now quite given up, but the beauty and exqui-
site fragrance of the flowers make it a favourite plant in gardens
and shrubberies. This is the true woodbine of poets, though
likewise the “ twisted eglantine” of Milton. Notwithstanding
Curtis’s imperfect quotation, Shakspeare is guiltless of this
blunder. He says,
“ So doth the woodbine, the sweet honeysuckle,
Gently entwist the maple.”
Var. (3, serotinum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 378.) branches gla-
brous; flowers late, reddish. T2 . H. Hort. angl. 14. no.
4. t. 7. Mill. fig. t. 79. Riv. mon. irr. t. 122. Periclyme-
num Germanicum, Mill. diet. no. 4. This, the late red
honeysuckle, produces a greater number of flowers together
than either the Italian or Dutch honeysuckle, so that it makes
a finer appearance than either of them, during the time of
flowering. It has not been such a long inhabitant of our gardens
as the Dutch honeysuckle, for about the year 1715 it was con-
sidered a great curiosity, when it was called the Flemish honey-
suckle, and was probably brought over by the Flemish florists.
kar. y, Belgica ; branches smooth, purplish ; leaves oblong-
oval, of a lucid green above, but pale beneath, on long petioles ;
flowers in terminal, verticillate heads, each flower arising out of
a scaly cover, reddish on the outside, and yellowish within, of a
very agreeable odour. Fj • H. Periclymenum Germanicum,
Mill. diet. no. 4. — Hort. angl. 15. no. 5. t. 6. This, the Dutch
honeysuckle, may be trained with stems, and formed into heads,
which the wild sort cannot, the branches being too weak and
trailing for that purpose.
Var. S, quercifolium (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 378.) leaves sinu-
ated like those of an oak. Fj . rs. H. This variety is to be
found in England in a wood near Kimberly, Norfolk ; and near
Oxford. There is also a kind of this with variegated leaves.
The flowers are like those of the species. This is called the
Oak-leaved honeysuckle.
Woodbine or Common Honeysuckle. Fl. June, July, Oct.
Britain. Shrub tw.
6 L. fla'va (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1318.) quite glabrous;
branches twining a little ; leaves ovate, sometimes glaucous be-
neath, with cartilaginous margins ; upper leaves connately per-
foliate ; flowers in terminal verticillate heads ; corollas rather
ringent : with oblong, obtuse lobes. Fj . rs. H. Native of the
Paris Mountains, South Carolina ; on the Catskill Mountains,
New York. Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. p. 243. Caprifolium flavum,
Ell. sketch. 1. p. 271. Caprifolium Fraseri, Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 160. Flowers bright yellow, but as they fade be-
coming orange-coloured, very fragrant.
Yellow-^ owered Honeysuckle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810.
Shrub tw.
7 L. pube'scens (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 194.) branches twin-
ing ; leaves broad-ovate-elliptic, on short petioles, pubescent
and ciliated, glaucous beneath : upper ones connately perfoliate ;
spikes or racemes composed of verticillate heads of flowers ;
corollas beset with glandular pubescence. J? . H. Native
of North America, in Massachuset, Vermont, New York, and
Canada, in many places. Caprifolium pubescens, Goldie, in
edinb. phil. journ. 1822. april, p. 323. Hook, exot. fl. t. 27.
L. hirshta, Eaton, man. bot. ed. 3. p. 341. ex Torrey, fl. un. st.
1. p. 242. L. Goldii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 758. Flowers yellow.
This appears to hold the place in the more northern parts which
L.Jldva does in the south ; of which indeed Dr. Torrey suspects
it to be a variety.
Pubescent Honeysuckle. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. tw.
8 L. parviflora (Lam. diet. 1. p. 728.) quite glabrous ;
branches twining ; leaves elliptic, sessile : lower ones somewhat
connate : upper ones connately perfoliate, glabrous, very glau-
cous beneath ; flowers disposed in verticillate heads ; corollas
glabrous ; with the tube gibbous at the base on one side ; fila-
ments hairy. Fj . rs. H. Native of North America, from New
England to Carolina, in rocky shady situations ; frequent in
Canada, and as far north as the Saskatchawan ; and from Hud-
son’s Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Caprifolium parviflorum,
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 161. Lonicera dioica, Lin. syst.
veg. ed. 13. p. 181. L. media, Murr. nov. comm, goett. 1776.
p. 28. t. 3. Caprifolium bractedsum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 105. Caprifolium dioicum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
260. Caprifolium glaucum, Moench. Flowers yellow, smaller
than in any of the foregoing species ; but it varies exceedingly
in the colour of the flowers, for there is a variety mentioned by
Michaux having purplish flowers.
Var. (3; leaves pubescent or tomentose beneath. Fj . H.
Native of Canada, along with the species.
Small-Jlowered Honeysuckle. Fl. June, July. Shrub tw.
9 L. Dougla'sii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 332.) branches twining ;
leaves oval, acute at both ends, petiolate, glabrous, ciliated,
tomentose on the outside : upper ones connate ; flowers disposed
in capitate whorls ; stigma exserted ; stamens inclosed. Fj . n'. H.
446
CAPRIFOLIACEiE. V. Lonicera.
Native of the western coast of North America, on the banks of
the Saskatchawan. Caprifolium Douglasii, Lindl. hort. trans.
7. p. 244. Corollas pubescent, bilabiate, deep orange red.
Leaves 4-6 inches long, deep green. Hooker in his fl. amer.
bor. 1. p. 282. considers this nothing but a variety of L. par-
viflura.
Douglas’s Honeysuckle. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1824. Sh. tw.
10 L.? microphy'lla (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 283.)
branches twining ; leaves small, on short petioles, cordate, ob-
tuse, stiff, hispid from pili as well as the branches, pale and
glaucous beneath. f? . rs. H. Native of north-west America,
on the subalpine range of Mount Hood, in rocky, partially
shady places, abundant ; sparingly at the Grand Rapids, and on
steep rocks near Oak Point, on the Columbia. The specimens
examined have no flowers, but judging from the habit of the
plant it may perhaps safely be referred to this genus, and to
the present division of it. The leaves are hardly 6 lines long,
uniform, exactly cordate, very villous as well as the stems with
brown hairs.
Small-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
11 L. gra'ta (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 231.) branches twining;
leaves permanent, obovate, rather mucronate, glaucous beneath
and reticulately veined, glabrous : upper ones connately perfo-
liate ; spikes composed of approximate whorles of flowers ;
corollas ringent. H. Native of North America, from
Carolina to New York, on the mountains, rambling among
rocks in shady moist situations, but rare. Hort. angl. p. 15.
no. 10. t. 8. Caprifolium gratum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p.
161. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 262. L. Virginiana,
Marsh, arb. 136. ? Periclymenum Americanum, Mill. diet. no.
7. Branches reddish brown. Flowers inclining to scarlet on
the outside, according to Pursh. Corolla ringent, reddish on
the outside, and yellow inside. Berries red.
Pleasant Honeysuckle. Fl.Ju. Sept. Clt. 1730. Sh. tw.
* * Limb of corolla nearly equal. — Periclymenum, Tourn.
12 L. sempervirens (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 230.) quite gla-
brous ; leaves permanent, evergreen, obovate or ovate, glaucous
beneath, glabrous : upper ones connately perfoliate ; spikes
nearly naked, composed of whorls of flowers; tube of corolla
ventricose on the upper side ; limb nearly regular, with 5
roundish lobes. . r'. H. Native of North America, from
New York to Carolina, in stony dry woods. Hort. angl. t. 7.
Knor, del. 1. t. 53. Caprifolium sempervirens, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 105. Periclymenum sempervirens, Mill. diet. no.
1. Alaternus sempervirens, Rcehl. ex Steud. Periclymenum
Virginiacum, Riv. mon. 116. Branches brown. Leaves deep
green above, 2 inches long and an inch broad. Whorls of
flowers usually 3, at the top of each branch. Flowers of a
beautiful scarlet outside and yellow inside, about 1 inch long>
inodorous. There are several varieties of this species, particu-
larly one with an almost upright stem.
Var. a, major (Ait. 1. c.) leaves roundish. . r\ H. Curt,
bot. mag. 781. Schmidt, arb. t. 104. Great Trumpet Honey-
suckle.
Var. /3, minor (Ait. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends :
upper ones obtuse, perfoliate. Pj . rs. H. Sims, bot. mag.
1753. Ker. bot. reg. t. 556. L. connata, Meerb. icon. t. 11.?
Small Trumpet Honeysuckle. According to the figure in bot.
mag. the flowers are scarlet both outside and inside.
Evergreen or Trumpet Honeysuckle. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1656. Shrub tw.
13 L. ciliosa (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 612.) plant twining; upper
part of the branches hairy on one side ; leaves coriaceous, reti-
culated, ovate, on short petioles, glaucous beneath, and ciliated
on the margins : upper ones connately perfoliate : spikes composed
1
of approximate verticillate heads of nearly sessile flowers ; tube
of corolla hairy, ventricose in the middle : limb nearly equal.
J? . H. Native of North America, on the banks of the
Kooskoosky. Caprifolium ciliosum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 160. L. ciliata, Dietr. lex. suppl. 4. p. 263. Flowers deep
yellow. Peduncles beset with glandular hairs.
Ciliated- leaved Honeysuckle. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1825. Sh. tw.
14 L. occidenta'lis (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 282.) twin-
ing ; leaves oval, almost sessile, glabrous, ciliated, glaucous
beneath : upper ones connately perfoliate ; flowers disposed in
verticillate heads ; corolla glabrous, with an elongated tube,
which is gibbous above the base : the limb nearly equal ; sta-
mens almost inclosed. Pj . H. Native about Fort Van-
couver, on the Columbia. Caprifolium occidentale, Lindl. bot.
reg. t. 1457. Caprifolium ciliosum, Dough mss. The flowers
are longer than any other British North American species, and
of a full orange red. Branches and peduncles glabrous.
Western Honeysuckle. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Shrub tw.
15 L. pilosa (Willd. mss. ex Kunth, D. C. prod. 4. p. 333.)
leaves ovate-oblong, ending in an acute, cuspidate point, ciliated,
pilose on the nerves beneath : upper ones connately perfoliate ;
flowers disposed in a verticillate terminal head ; heads sessile :
tube of corolla long : limb nearly equal. Tj . ^. H. Native of
New Spain, in frigid places. Caprifolium pilosum, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 427. t. 298. Flowers purple.
Pilose Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
Sect. II. Xylosteum (ijuXov, xylon, wood, and vartov, osteon,
a bone ; the wood of L. xylosteum is as hard as bone). D. C.
fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 271. D. C. prod. 4. p. 333. — Xylosteon,
Juss. gen. 212. — Lonicera, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19.
— Xylosteon and Chamaecerasus, Tourn. inst. p. 609. — Xylos-
teum and Isika, Adans, fam. 2. p. 501. — Cobae'a, Neck. elem.
no. 219. Pedicels axillary, 2-flowered, bibracteate at the apex.
Berries twin, distinct, or joined together more or less, 3-celled
in the young state, rarely 2-celled in the adult state ; the limb
of the calyx is generally deciduous, therefore the fruit is usually
not crowned. — Climbing or erect shrubs. Leaves never connate.
§ 1. Nintooa (Nin-too or Sin-too is the name of L. Japonica
in China). D. C. prod. 4. p. 333. Ovaria and berries altogether
distinct. Stems scandent. Flowers irregular.
16 L. macra'ntha (D. C. prod. 4. p. 333.) branches twining,
hispid ; leaves ovate or oblong, rather cordate at the base, and
acuminated at the apex, of an ash-grey colour and villous beneath,
glabrous above, except along the nerves ; peduncles axillary
and terminal, 2-flowered, longer than the petioles, the whole
forming an ample leafy raceme ; calycine segments subulate,
hispid ; corolla very long. Pj . rs. H. Native of Nipaul, at
Suembu, and of Silhet. Caprifolium macranthum, D. Don,
fl. nep. p. 140. Xylosteon scandens, Ham. mss. Lon. Japo-
nica, Wall, in litt. and in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 174. Leaves 3-5
inches long, shining above, and villous along the nerves and
margins: beautifully reticulated, glaucous, villous, and hairy
beneath. The flowers are at first snow-white and gradually
changing into a beautiful yellow, acquiring thereby a peculiarly
varied appearance. Berries nearly globular, smooth, deep
purple, covered slightly with a pale bloom, crowned by the
permanent villous calyx, 3-celled ; cells 4-seeded. In Nipaul
this species embellishes most of the forests, both in the valley
and on the surrounding hills.
Large-flowered Honeysuckle. Fl. April, June. Shrub tw.
17 L. confu'sa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 333.) branches twining,
pubescent ; leaves ovate, acute, rounded at the base, downy on
both surfaces as well as on the peduncles ; peduncles axillary,
longer than the petioles, 2-flowered, opposite, disposed in some-
CAPRIFOLIACEiE. V. Lonicera.
U7
hing like a thyrse at the tops of the branches ; calycine seg-
ments ovate, and are as well as the corollas pubescent. Fj . rs.
H. Native of Japan and China. Nintooa confusa, Sweet,
hort. brit. ed. 2. Lonicera Japonica, Andr. bot. rep. t. 583.
Ker. bot. reg. t. 70. Delaun. herb. amat. t. 132. but not
of Thunb. Nin-too Sin-too, Kaempf. amcen. 5. p. 785.
The flowers are snow-white at first, but gradually change
to a golden yellow colour, hence it is called Sui-Kadsura and
Kinginqua, i. e. gold and silver flowers, by the Japanese. Co-
rolla about an inch long, bilabiate.
Confused Honeysuckle. FI. July. Clt. 1805. Shrub tw.
18 L. longiflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 333.) glabrous in every
part ; branches twining ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate,
shining above and pale beneath ; peduncles short, 2-flowered,
about the length of the petioles ;
tube of corolla very long and
filiform : limb bilabiate. 1? .
H. Native of China and Nipaul.
Caprifolium longiflorum, Sabine,
ex Lindl. bot. reg. 1232. Nin-
tooa longiflora, Sweet, hort. brit.
ed. 2. Caprifolium Japonicum,
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 140.
Caprifolium Nepalense, G. Don,
in Loud. hort. brit. 79. Flowers
several inches long, at first snow
white, but finally changing to a
golden yellow colour.
Long-flowered Honeysuckle.
Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826. Sh.
FIG. 78.
jap. p. 89.) stems twining, flexuous,
very hairy, bearing 2 leaves and
FIG. 79.
tw.
19 L. Japonica (Thunb. fl
hairy ; branchlets opposite,
2 sessile flowers at the top
of each ; leaves petiolate,
ovate, acutish, villous, pale
beneath : uppermost ones
the smallest; corolla tu-
bular, irregular, villous.
1?. r'. H. Native of
China and Japan. Nin-
tooa Japonica, Sweet, hort.
brit. ed. 2. L. Chinensis,
Wats. dend. brit. t. 117.
L. flexuosa,Lodd. bot. cab.
1037. Ker. bot. reg. 712.
but not of Thunb. Leaves
about an inch long. Corolla about an inch long, red, and
villous on the outside and white inside, sweet-scented, equal in
length to the stamens.
Japan Honeysuckle. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1806. Sh. tw.
20 L. Java/nica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 334.) stem twining;
leaves ovate or oval-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base,
ciliated, glabrous above, glaucous and tomentose beneath ; pe-
duncles 2-flowered, axillary, solitary, but so much crowded at
the tops of the branches as to appear somewhat corymbose.
*2 ; G. Native of Java, in woods on Mount Tjerimai. Ca-
prifolium Javanicum, Blum, bijdr. p. 653.
Java Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
21 L. Loureiri (D. C. prod. 4. p. 334.) climbing or twining;
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, subcordate at the base, rather
pilose on both surfaces ; peduncles 2-flowered, axillary, solitary :
those at the tops of the branches disposed in dense heads. F? .
Gl. Native of Java, on the tops of Mounts Gede and
Tjerimai. Caprifolium Loureiri, Blum, biidr. p. 653. Flowers
white ? 1
Loureiro’s Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
22 L. Cochinchine'nsis; climbing or twining, much branched ;
leaves ovate, pubescent, small ; peduncles 2-flowered, axillary ;
berries distinct, roundish. Tj . r'. H. Native of Cochin-china,
among bushes and in hedges. L. Xylosteum, Lour. coch. p.
150. Tube of corolla very long; limb bilabiate : one of the
lips 4-cleft and the other entire. Berry red. Flowers white.
Cochin-china Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
23 L. Telfairii (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
190.) branches twining, pubescent; leaves petiolate, oblong,
acute, obtuse at the base or cordate, glabrous above in the adult
state, and densely clothed with velvety pubescence beneath ;
peduncles bibracteate at the apex, 2-flowered, axillary, solitary,
one half shorter than the petioles : the terminal ones forming a
kind of head ; calyx villous : with minute, ovate, acute teeth ;
tube of corolla elongated, equal, villous. Tj . ''X H. Native
of China. Lonicera Periclymenum, Lour. coch. p. 150. Closely
allied on the one hand to L. confusum, D. C. from which it
differs in the leaves being smooth above, and in the shorter
peduncles, and on the other to L. Leschenaultii, Wall, which,
however, is said to have ovate-subcordate ciliated leaves ; and
villous branches.
Telfair’s Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
24 L. Leschenau'ltii (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 178.)
branches twining ; leaves ovate, subcordate, acute, quite entire,
smooth above, hoary and villous beneath : with the margins
ciliated ; peduncles 2-flowered, axillary, solitary, or in terminal
fascicles. Tj . ''X H. Native of the East Indies, on the Nelli-
ghery Mountains, where it is called Moulle Gueda by the natives.
Leaves 1-2 inches long ; petioles villous. At the apex of each
peduncle there is an involucrum, consisting of six unequal vil-
lous bracteas, which support the two flowers. Calycine teeth
linear, villous. Corolla large, probably yellow ; with a villous
slender tube, about an inch in length ; and a bilabiate limb,
which is nearly as long as the tube ; the upper lip consisting of
4 ovate, obtuse lobes ; under lip deeply divided ; throat villous.
Ovarium ovate, villous. Stamens long.
Leschcnault’s Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
25 L. glabra ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 175.) glabrous
in every part ; branches twining ; leaves ovate, acuminated,
glaucous beneath, glabrous except on the nerves beneath, which
are pubescent ; peduncles axillary and terminal, short, villous,
bearing towards the apex several opposite, approximate, very
short, 2-flowered pedicels ; tube of corolla rather short, cylin -
drical, widening at the apex ; bracteas ovate. r'. H. Na-
tive of Nipaul, on the top of Sheopore, and from Kabelas in the
valley. L. nigra, Thunb. jap. p. 89. and in Lin. trans. 11.
p. 33 0. ? Bark of branches shining, brownish. Leaves 3-5
inches long, Seldom obtuse at the base ; the upper surfaces
polished ; petioles about half an inch long, surrounding the
stem and branches with an elevated margin, as in L. acuminata.
Flowers yellow, smooth, with a purplish bloom on the outside,
supported by a common involucrum, consisting of 6 very small,
ovate, ciliated bracteas. Calycine segments subulate, ciliated.
Tube of corolla about an inch long, widening at the apex into
a bilabiate limb, which as well as the filaments and style are
rather hairy : upper lip trifid, obtuse, the intermediate lobe
refuse : the under lip oblong. Berries distinct, almost black,
3-celled ; cells 4-seeded.
Smooth Honey suckle. Shrub tw.
26 L. acumina'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 177.) branches
twining, villous ; leaves ovate to oblong, cordate, acuminated,
slightly hairy, membranous ; peduncles axillary, longer than
the petioles, villous, 2-flowered ; bracteas linear, acuminated,
ciliated, longer than the ovaries ; corolla not gibbous, funnel-
shaped. F? . H. Native of the Himalaya, at Gosaingsthan.
448
CAPRIF0LIACE7E. V. Lonicera.
Leaves 3-5 inches long ; petioles half an inch long. At the
apex of the peduncles there is usually an involucrum of 6 small
bracteas, which are hairy. Flowers like those of L. Xylosteum,
and about the same size ; they are yellow, tinged with pale
purple, slightly hairy on the outside. Calycine segments lan-
ceolate, ciliated, bluntish. Style and filaments hairy.
Acuminate-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
27 L. diversi folia (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 178.)
branches twining ; leaves ovate, cuspidate, acute, or acumin-
ated, rounded or subcordate, at the base, pubescent above,
villous beneath ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the petioles,
2-flowered ; calyx cup-shaped, acutely 5-lobed ; corolla gibbous,
funnel-shaped, villous ; ovaries villous. Tj . /’\ H. Native of
the East Indies, on Mount Gurval. Branches villous. Leaves
3 inches long, on very short petioles. Peduncles smooth.
Bracteas ciliated with long hairs. Flowers resembling those of
L. Xylosteum both in size and colour.
Var. (3, Royleana (Wall. cat. no. 487. D. C. prod. 4. p. 334.)
leaves oval ; peduncles length of petioles. T? . /'\ H. Native
of Nipaul, on Sirmore and Kamaon.
Diverse-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
28 L. ligustrina (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 179.) branches
slender, twining, covered with ash-grey, shining, smooth bark ;
young shoots villous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, hardly petiolate,
shining, ciliated, obtuse at the base, acute at the apex ; pedun-
cles villous, axillary, very short, 2-flowered ; limb of calyx
truncate ; berries distinct, and are as well as the ovaries covered
by a common membrane. ^ . r'. H. Native of Nipaul, on
the mountains, in woods. Xylosteum ligustrinum, D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 140. X. Naisoca, Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don,
1. c. Young shoots surrounded at the base with some lan-
ceolate, acute, quadrifariously imbricated bud-scales. Leaves
dark green above, pale and reticulated beneath ; petioles vil-
lous. Bracteas 2 at the apex of each peduncle. Corollas
yellowish-white, funnel-shaped, half an inch long ; tube gib-
bous and pubescent at the base, villous within : limb nearly
equal, spreading, divided into 5 ovate, obtuse, ciliated segments.
Filaments smooth, about the length of the limb of the corolla.
Ovaries distinct, 3 celled ; cells 3-seeded.
Privet- leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
29 L. lanceola'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 177.) stems
almost erect, bushy ? leaves lanceolate, acuminated, hairy, acute
at the base and glaucous beneath ; peduncles axillary, longer
than the petioles, and like them villous ; berries distinct, glo-
bose, smooth ; bracteas 2 linear and 4 ovate. Tj . H. Native
of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Stem covered with fibrous epi-
dermis, probably erect. Branches slender, pubescent. Leaves
pubescent above and shining, glaucous and hairy beneath, with
somewhat repand margins. Petioles short. Berries the size
and colour of black currants, smooth, crowned, 3-celled, sup-
ported by 2 linear and 4 ovate bracteas, the latter recurved and
shorter.
Lanceolate-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub erect ?
30 L. cane'scens (Schousb. mar. 1. p. 88.) branches twining,
and are as well as the leaves canescent from down ; leaves pe-
tiolate, ovate, cordate, bluntish ; peduncles 2-flowered, longer
than the petioles ; bracteas and lobes of calyx oblong. . rs. H.
Native of hedges about Mogodor, and on Mount Trara in Mauri-
tania; and of Sicily at Palermo, ex Guss. fl. sic. 1. p. 250.
L. biflora, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 184. t. 52. Corolla bilabiate,
attenuated at the base, velvety on the outside. Berries nearly
distinct.
Canescent Honeysuckle. Shrub tw.
§ 2. Chamcecerasi (The name signifies a kind of false cherry ;
the fruit of some of the species resemble cherries). D. C. prod.
4. p. 335. Berries distinct, but usually connected together at the
base, and diverging at the apex. Corolla hardly gibbous at the
base or equal. Erect bushy shrubs.
31 L. Tata'rica (Lin. spec. 1. p. 247.) quite glabrous, erect;
leaves cordate-ovate, hardly acute ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves ; berries distinct while young, and nearly globose, but
at length connate at the base. 1? . H. Native of Tartary.
Pall. fl. ross. t. 36. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 37. Ker. bot. reg.
t. 31. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 87. Xylosteum cordatum, Mcench,
meth. p. 502. X. Tataricum, Dum. Cours. Flowers rose-
coloured, short, somewhat gibbous at the base. Fruit black,
with one of the berries usually abortive. Bracteas 2, linear-
setaceous. Peduncles 2-flowered.
Var. (3, albiflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 335.) flowers white. L.
Pyrenaica, Willd. baumz. p. 181.
Var. y, rubijlbra (D. C. 1. c.) flowers red. L. Sibirica, Hortul.
ex Pers. ench.
Tartarian Honeysuckle. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1752. Sh.
4 to 6 feet.
32 L. cilia' ta (Muhl. cat. p. 22.) erect; leaves ovate or
oblong, cordate, thin, ciliated, villous beneath in the young state ;
peduncles elongated ; bracteas 2, ovate, 3 times shorter than
the ovaries, which are distinct ; corolla bluntly spurred at the
base : with short, nearly equal lobes ; berries distinct, red,
divaricate. f? . H. Native of North America, on mountains
among rocks, in rich soil ; from Canada to Virginia, and through-
out Canada to the Saskatchawan, frequent. Xylosteum cilia-
tum, Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 161. L. Tatarica, Michx. fl.
amer. 1. p. 166. but not of Lin. L. Canadensis, Roem. et
Schultes 5. p. 260. Flowers white, with a tinge of red or yel-
low ; tube ventricose above ; limb with short, acute segments.
Style exserted. The variety (3 of Pursh is Vaccinium album.
Ciliated-leaved Honeysuckle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
33 L. Pyrena'ica (Lin. spec. p. 248.) glabrous, erect ; leaves
obovate-lanceolate, acute, glaucous beneath ; peduncles 2-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas oblong-linear, foli-
aceous ; flowers almost regular ; berries globose, distinct.
Tj . H. Native of the Pyrenees, on calcareous rocks, in ex-
posed situations. Duham. arb. 2. t. 110. ed. 2. vol. 1. t. 15.
Magn. hort. p. 209. with a figure. — Caprifolium Pyrenaicum,
Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 366. — Xylosteum, Tourn. inst. 609. Corolla
white, twice the size of those of L. Xylosteum, funnel-shaped ;
limb 5-cleft, flat : with equal, ovate, obtuse segments.
Pyrenean Honeysuckle. Fl. May. Clt. 1739. Sh. 4 to 5 ft.
34 L. puni'cea (Sims, bot.
mag. t. 2469.) erect ; leaves
ovate, subcordate at the base, of
the same colour on both sur-
faces : peduncles axillary and
almost terminal, 2-flowered,
shorter than the leaves ; tube
of corolla rather gibbous at the
base ; segments of corolla nearly
equal, irregularly arranged, 3
one way and 2 another ; ber-
ries distinct? . H. Native
country unknown. Symphori-
carpos puniceus, Sweet. Flowers
deep red or crimson. Leaves
sometimes 3 in a whorl on the
young shoots.
Cri/nso?i-flowered Honeysuckle.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
35 L. Xylosteum (Lin. spec.
F1G.80.
Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821.
248.) erect, downy ; leaves
CAPRIFOLIACEiE. V. Lonicera.
449
ovate, acute, petiolate, soft ; peduncles 2-flow’ered, shorter than
the leaves ; bracteas hairy, double : the 2 outer ones lanceolate,
spreading : inner a small concave scale under each germ ; ber-
ries oval, distinct, 1 -celled, 6-seeded. Tj . H. Native nearly
throughout the whole of Europe, even to Caucasus, in thickets,
hedges, and rocky places, and by the sides of woods. In Britain
in like situations ; in the fissures of rocks under the Roman wall
near Shewing-Reels, or rather Sewen-Rele, in Northumberland,
plentiful ; and certainly wild, in a coppice called the Hacketts,
to the east of Houghton Bridge, 4 miles from Arundel, Sussex.
Smith, engl. hot. t. 916. fl. grate, t. 223. Oed. fl. dan. t. 808.
— Dull. arb. 1. p. 153. t. 59 — Riv. mon. irr. t. 120. — Mill. fig.
167. f. 1. Caprifolium dumetorum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 367.
Xylosteum dumetorum, Mcench. rneth. p. 502. Flowers small,
cream-coloured, downy. Calyx of 5 obtuse lobes. Berries
scarlet. A shrub of little beauty and no known utility, though
common in plantations. Stamens and styles villous. The wood
is extremely hard.
Far. /3, leucocarpa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 335.) berries white. —
Dull. arb. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 52.
Far. y, xanthocarpa (D. C. 1. c.) berries yellow. — Duliam. 1. c.
Far. d, melanocdrpa (D. C. 1. c.) berries black. — Bauli. pin.
451.
Bony-mooded or Upright Fly Honeysuckle. Fl. July. Brit.
Sli. 4 to 5 ft.
36 L. nigra (Lin. spec. 247.) erect ; leaves oval-oblong or
elliptic, on short petioles, rather villous while young, but nearly
glabrous in the adult state ; peduncles 2-flowered, elongated,
shorter than the leaves. I? . H. Native of middle Europe,
in subalpine woods, as in France, Switzerland, Austria, Silesia,
Piedmont, &c. Jacq. aust. t. 314. Schmidt, arb. t. 110. Ca-
prifolium roseum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 368. Chamaecerasus nigra,
Delarb. fl. auv. ed. 2. p. 130. — Gesn. fasc. 37. t. 8. f. 48.
Corolla reddish and pubescent on the outside, but whitish on the
inside. Bracteas 4 under the ovaries : the 2 outer ones lan-
ceolate : and the inner quadrifid. Berries black, globose, joined
together at the side.
Black- fruited Honeysuckle. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1597.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
37 L. hi'spida (Pall, ex Willd. mss. Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.
212.) branches hispid; leaves ovate, ciliated, petiolate, glabrous
on both surfaces ; peduncles 2-flowered ; bracteas ovate-elliptic,
exceeding the berries. T? . H. Native of Siberia, on the Altaian
mountains. Branches opposite, glabrous or bristly, brownish.
Leaves 2 inches or 1^ inch long, and an inch broad, glabrous on
both surfaces, cordate at the base. Flowers greenish white, pen-
dulous. Berries distinct, purple.
Hispid Honeysuckle. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
38 L. flexuo' sa (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 330. but not
of Lodd. nor Ker.) erect, branched ; branches very villous at
the apex ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, on short petioles, glabrous ;
petioles villous ; nerves of leaves puberulous ; flowers axillary,
few, almost sessile ; berries globose, glabrous. fj . H. Native
of Japan, L. nigra, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 89. but not of Lin. L.
brachypoda, D. C. prod. 4. p. 335. Stems flexuous. Leaves
about an inch long : upper ones the smallest. Peduncles hardly
a line long. Berries distinct, ovate, acuminated, black.
Flexuous-stemmed Honeysuckle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806.
Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
§ 3. Cuphdnthce (from Kvipog, kuphos, a curve, and avdog,
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the flowers being gibbous on
one side at the base). D. C. prod. 4. p. 336. Berries either
distinct or joined together. Corollas very gibbous on one side
at the base. Erect bushy shrubs.
39 L. gibbo'sa (Willd. mss. in Schultes, syst. 5. p. 257.)
VOL. III.
erect ; leaves on very short petioles, ovate-oblong, acuminated,
rounded at the base, pubescent beneath ; peduncles 2-flowered,
shorter than the leaves ; bracteas linear, shorter than the ovaria;
tube of corolla gibbous on the outer side at the base ; berries
almost globose, joined at the side. ^ . F. Native of Mexico,
at Real del Monte, in woods. Xylosteum Mexicanum, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 426. t. 297. Corolla scarlet;
with the limb oblique and bluntly 5-lobed.
Gibbous- flowered Honeysuckle. Shrub 3 feet.
40 L. Mocinia'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 336.) erect ; leaves
petiolate, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, obtuse at the base, pu-
bescent beneath ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
bracteas oblong, acuminated, longer than the ovaria ; tube of
corolla gibbous above at the base ; berries globose, joined toge-
ther a little on the inner side. F? . H. Native of Mexico. L.
gibbosa, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Very nearly allied
to L. gibbosa, but differs in the corolla being yellowish : but when
decayed of a blood colour, permanent, and jagged, with the
bracteas spreading. Berries globose, dark purple.
Mocino’s Honeysuckle. Shrub.
41 L. involucra'ta (Banks, herb, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 759.)
erect ; branches acutely tetragonal ; leaves ovate or oval, petio-
late, membranous, beset with adpressed hairs beneath ; pedun-
cles axillary, 2-3-flowered ; bracteas 4 : 2 outer ones ovate :
2 inner broad, obcordate, at length widening, clothed with glan-
dular pubescence ; corollas pubescent, gibbous at the base on
the outside ; style exserted. t? . H. Native of North-west
America, between lat. 54° and 64° (but probably confined to
the vicinity of the Saskatchawan), thence to the Rocky Moun-
tains. Lindl. bot. reg. 1179. Xylosteum involucratum, Richards,
in Frankl. 1. journ. ed. 2. append, p. 6. Corolla yellowish,
tinged with red.
Involucrated Honeysuckle. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
42 L. Ledebou'rii (Eschsch. mem. act. soc. petersb. 10.
p. 284. Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. p. 145.) erect ;
branches elongated, acutely tetragonal ; leaves ovate or oblong,
somewhat acuminated, stiff', pubescent, tomentose on the nerves ;
peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowered ; bracteas 4 : 2 outer ones
ovate : 2 inner broad-obcordate, pubescent, at length increasing
in size ; corollas gibbous at the base on the outside ; berries
distinct. . H. Native of California. Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linnsea. 4. p. 138. Very nearly allied to L. involucrala and
hardly to be distinguished from it. Flowers yellow, tinged
with red.
Ledebour's Honeysuckle. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
§ 4. Isikce (a name employed by Adanson for this tribe
of the genus Lonicera, and is probably without a meaning).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 336. Berries 2 on each peduncle, joined
together in one, which is biumbilicate at the apex. — Erect bushy
shrubs. — Isika, Adans. fam. 2. p. 501. — Isica, Mcench. meth.
p. 504.
43 L. Albi'gena (Lin. spec. 248.) erect; leaves oval-lan-
ceolate or elliptic, acute, glabrous, or pubescent, on very short
petioles, rather ciliated ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than
the leaves ; corollas gibbous at the base. Ij . H. Native of
middle and south Europe, in subalpine places of mountains.
Jacq. fl. aust. t. 274. — Duh. arb. ed. 2. vol. ]. t. 16. — Mill,
fig. t. 167. f. 2. Caprifolium alplnum, Lam. fl. fr. Capri-
folium Alpigenum, Gaertn. fr. 1. p. 136. Isika Alpigena,
Borck, Isica lucida, Mcench. Chamaecerasus Alpigena, De-
larb.— Lob. icon. 173. Corolla greenish yellow', tinged with
red or purple. Berries red, size and appearance of those of a
cherry ; hence it is called Cherry woodbine by Jonstone. Leaves
large.
Far. /3, Sibirica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 336.) lower leaves rather
3 M
150
CAPRIFOLIACEiE. V. Lonicera.
cordate ; peduncles thickened a little under the flowers. Tj . H.
Native of Siberia. L. Sibfrica, Vest, in Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 259.
Aljnne Honeysuckle. FI. April, May. Clt. 1596. Shrub
3 to 5 feet.
44 L. microphy'lla (Willd. rel. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 258.) leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, glaucous beneath ;
peduncles 2-flowered. Jj . H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Led.
fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 213. L. Alpigena, Sievers. The epidermis
falls from the branches. Leaves rather villous on both surfaces,
sometimes rounded at the base. Peduncles shorter than the
leaves. Corollas greenish, yellow. Berries joined, of a reddish
orange colour.
Small-leaved Honeysuckle. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
45 L. Webbia'na (Wall. cat. no. 476. D. C. prod. 4. p.
336. ) erect ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, obtuse at the
base, on very short petioles, pilose along the nerves, and ciliated
on the margins ; peduncles 2-flowered, 3 times shorter than
the leaves ; berries semi-concrete. Tj . H. Native of the East
Indies, in Sirinagur. Habit almost of L. Alpigena, but differs
in the leaves being pilose and ciliated, in the peduncles being
equal in length to the internodes, not longer than them, &c.
Corolla unknown.
Webb’s Honeysuckle. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
46 L. Govania'na (Wall. cat. no. 481. D. C. prod. 4. p.
337. ) erect ; leaves elliptic or lanceolate, acute at both ends,
membranous, glabrous ; peduncles 2-flowered, 3 times longer
than the petioles, but 4 times shorter than the leaves ; bracteas
linear, length of ovarium ; corollas gibbous at the base ; berries
joined. T? • H. Native of the East Indies, in Sirmore,
where it was collected by Mr. Govan. Allied to L. Alpigena,
but the leaves are much thinner, the petioles longer, the flowers
smaller and sometimes solitary by abortion.
Govan' s Honeysuckle. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
47 L. angustifo'lia (Wall. cat. no. 480. D. C. prod. 4. p.
337.) erect; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous;
peduncles 2-flowered, a little shorter than the leaves ; bracteas
linear, twice the length of the ovaria ; berries joined together
completely ; corollas nearly equal, pubescent on the outside.
T? . FI. Native ofNipaul, in Kamaon, and of Sirmore. Branches
numerous, smooth. Leaves 15 lines long and 4 lines broad,
pale and glaucous beneath ; petioles 2-3 lines long. Corolla
pale, 4 lines long.
Narrow-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
48 L. oblongifo'lia (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 284. t. 100.)
erect ; leaves oblong or oval, clothed with velvety pubescence
beneath ; peduncles elongated, erect ; bracteas obsolete ; tube
of corolla hairy, gibbous at the base on one side ; limb unequal,
deeply bilabiate : the upper lip 4-tootlied, and the lower one
nearly entire ; berries joined in one, which is biumbilicate at the
top, bluish black in the dried state. . H. Native of North
America, in the island of Montreal, in the St. Lawrence ; about
Montreal, Lake Winnipeg, and of the western parts of the state
of New York. Xylosteum oblongifolium, Goldie, in edinb.
phil. journ. 6. p. 323. Corolla hairy, yellow? Berries bluish
black, size of a pea.
Oblong-leaved Honeysuckle. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 4 feet.
49 L. Cteru'lea (Lin. spec. 249.) erect; leaves oval-oblong,
ciliated, stifflsh, densely clothed with pubescence while young ;
peduncles short, 2-flowrered, reflexed in the fructiferous state ;
bracteas 2, subulate, longer than the ovaria ; tube of corolla
glabrous, short, gibbous on one side at the base : lobes of limb
short, nearly equal ; berries closely joined in one which is bi-
umbilicate at the apex. Tj . FI. Native of Europe, in France,
Switzerland, and Austria, &c. on the mountains. Throughout
the woody country of British North America, and as far as lat. 66°
to the mountains in the west, Labrador and Newfoundland, Hud-
son’s Bay ; in the states of New York, Massachusets, New Hamp-
shire ; and of Siberia, and Kamtschatka. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. append,
t. 17. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1965. L. villosa, Muhl. cat. p. 22.
Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. 1. p. 115. Xylosteon
villosum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 106. Richards, in Frankl.
1st journ. ed. 2. append, p. 6. X. Solonis, Eaton, man. bot.
p. 518. L. velutina, D. C. prod. 4. p. 337. L. Altaica, Pall,
fl. ross. t. 37. Xylosteum caeruleum Canadense, Lam. diet. 1.
p. 731. X. Canadense, Duham. arb. 2. p. 373. Caprifolium
casruleum, Lam. fl. fr. Chamaecerasus caerulea, Delarb. fl. auv.
L. Pyrenttica, Pall. fl. ross. p. 58. L. Pallasii, Led. fl. ross.
alt. ill. 1. 131. Flowers greenish yellow, tubular. Berries ellip-
tic or globose, dark blue, and covered with a kind of bloom.
Bark of young branches purplish. There is no difference between
the American and European plants of this species.
JS/we-berried Honeysuckle. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1629.
Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
50 L. orienta'lis (Lam. diet. 1. p. 731.; erect ; leaves on
very short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, smooth-
ish ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves; bracteas 2,
setaceous ; berries joined in one, somewhat didymous and bium-
bilicate at the apex, 10-seeded. Jj . H. Native of Iberia and
Asia Minor, in woods. Bieb. fl. taur. et suppl. no. 396. L.
Caucasica, Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 57. L. caerhlea, Giild. itin. 1.
p. 423. ex Pall. Chamaecerasus orientalis laurifolio, Tourn.
cor. p. 42. Berries black (Lam. Bieb.), dark blue (Pall.). Leaves
stifflsh, veiny, larger than in L. ccerulea. Flow-ers greenish
yellow'. This is perhaps nothing more than L. ccerulea.
Oriental Honeysuckle. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1825. Shrub
3 to 5 feet.
51 L. Ibe'rica (Bieb. fl. taur. and suppl. 395.) erect; leaves
petiolate, cordate, roundish, tomentose or pubescent ; peduncles
2-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas oblong, ciliated ;
berries joined together to the middle, globose. Tj . H. Native of
Iberia, about Tiflis and at the Derw'ent. Stev. mem. soc. mosc.
3. p. 257. Xylosteon Ibericum, Bieb. cent. pi. rar. 1. t. 13. ex
suppl. Corollas lurid, form of those of L. Alpigena, Ovarium
tomentose. Berries blood-coloured. Leaves like those of
Cotoneaster vulgctris.
Iberian Honeysuckle. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
f Species not sufficiently known.
52 L. QuiNauELOcuLA'Ris (Hardw. asiat. res. 6. p. 351. ex
fl. ind. 2. p. 174.) shrub bushy; leaves petiolate, elliptic, acute,
quite entire; peduncles short, 2-flowered; berries 5-celled.
. H. Native of the East Indies, in valleys about Shreenagur.
Very like L. ligustrina, Wall, but differs in the 5-celled fruit,
and is therefore probably a species of Leycesteria.
Five-celled- fruited Honeysuckle. Shrub.
53 L. corymbo'sa (Lin. spec. p. 249.) leaves ovate, acute;
corymbs terminal. F> . F. Native of Chili, near Conception,
where it is called Yliu. Itiu. Feuill. obs. 2. p. 760. t. 45. Lo-
ranthus Utui, Molina, sagg. chil. p. 139. ex Schultes, syst. 7.
p. 161. Frcelichia violacea, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 406. but the
plant does not belong to Rubiaccce, according to Bertero, in
mere. chil. 1829. may. p. 611. nor Lor antha.ee ce, in consequence
of the fruit being many-seeded. But from the flowers being
4-cleft, it is probably a genus of the present order. Leaves an
inch broad, fine green. Corolla blood-coloured ; and calyx 4-
cleft to the middle. Stamens 4. Style yellow. Fruit form
and colour of an olive ; with sweetish flesh.
Corymbose-^ ovvered Honeysuckle. Shrub 12 feet.
54 L. quadrifo'lia (Willd. spec. 1. p. 986.) stem unknown;
CAPRIFOLIACEiE. VI. Leycesteria. VII. Symphoricarpos.
451
leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, bluntish ; pedun-
cles twin, 2-flowered, length of leaves; bracteas 2, linear;
berries distinct. ^ . H. Native country unknown. Corollas
like those of L. Xylosteum, but having the tube narrower.
Four-leaved Honeysuckle. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of honeysuckle are truly ornamental,
particularly the climbing and twining species, which are well
adapted for training on trellis work or arbours, or against walls.
The greenhouse twining kinds have a fine appearance, trained
on the rafters; The upright hardy species are well fitted for
decorating shrubberies. They all grow well in any common
garden soil, and are easily increased by cuttings taken off in
autumn, and planted in a sheltered situation : those of the ten-
derer kinds under a hand-glass.
VI. LEYCESTE'RIA (named by Dr. Waliich after his friend
William Leycester, formerly Chief Judge of the principal native
court under the Bengal Presidency, wdio during a long series
of years and in various distant parts of Hindoostan, has pursued
every branch of horticulture with a munificence and zeal and
success, which abundantly entitle him to that distinction). Wall,
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 181. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 21. t. 120.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube and an unequally 5-parted, permanent limb ; segments
unequal, small, linear, glandularly ciliated. Corolla funnel-
shaped, having the tube gibbous above the base, and the limb
campanulate, and divided into 5 ovate, nearly equallobes. Sta-
mens 5 ; filaments exserted. Stigma capitate. Berry roundish,
crowned by the calyx, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds
smooth, shining, ovate. Albumen fleshy. Embryo minute,
terete, centripetal. — A beautiful large rambling shrub, with
elongated fistular branches, which rise from scaly buds. Leaves
opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, petiolate, smooth, entire,
membranous, glaucous, with an obtuse, subcordate base ; pe-
tioles pilose. Flowers white, with a tinge of purple, middle-
sized and sessile, in fascicles, disposed in approximate whorls of
fives and sixes, the whole forming short leafy drooping racemes,
which terminate the branches and branchlets. Bracteas large,
foliaceous, purplish, pubescent, and ciliated, lanceolate, acumin-
ated, surrounding the rachis with their concave bases ; there are
generally 6 under each whorl of flowers, of which the 2 outer
ones are 2 or 3 inches long, rounded, and generally connate
at the base : the inner ones much smaller ; those at the base of
the racemes considerably larger than the rest. Berries deep
purple, approaching to black, as large as a common-sized goose-
berry ; pulp very soft; cells 8-10-seeded. — This genus appears
to be intermediate between the present order and Rubidcece, but
from the last it is distinguished in the want of stipulas.
1 L. formo'sa (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 182.). Tj . H.
Native on the highest mountains, surrounding the valley of
Nipaul ; and of the much more northerly situations towards
Gosaingsthan. It is also found at an elevation of seldom less
than 8000 feet above the plains, among the pine and oak forests
of Bishupur, as at Huttoo and Desoo in the Thakooraee of
Kioonthul, blossoming from June to August, and called by the
natives Nullcuroo. Hamelia connata, Puerari, mss. Dr. Govan
remarks, with great propriety, that this is a most beautiful shrub
when in blossom, from the contrast of the deep green hue
of its stem and leaves with the purple colour of the large brac-
teas and the berries.
Showy Leycesteria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh. rambl.
Cult. This elegant shrub grows best in a light soil ; and it
is easily increased by cuttings planted in autumn or spring, or
by seeds which ripen in abundance. It is well fitted for decorat-
ing the front of shrubberies ; but being rather tender, should be
protected in winter by a mat, or the haulm of herbaceous plants.
VII. SYMPHORICA'RPOS (from avyipopioj, symphoreo, to
accumulate, and Kctpirog, Jcarpos, a fruit ; the shrubs bear clusters
of united fruit). Dill. elth. p. 371. Juss. gen. 211. Moencli,
meth. 502. D. C. prod. 4. p. 338. — Symphoricarpa, Neck,
elem. p. 220. — Symphoria, Pers. ench. 1. p. 214. — Anisanthus,
Willd. rel. — Lonicera species Linnaeus.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Tube of calyx globose
(f. 81. c.) ; limb small, 4-5-toothed. Corolla funnel- shaped (f.
81. e.), almost equally 4-5-lobed. Stamens 5, hardly exserted.
Stigma semi-globose. Ovarium adnate, 4-celled ; fertile cells
containing only one ovulum each ; and the sterile ones few
ovula. Berry 4-celled, crowned by the calyx (f. 81. c.), having
2 of the cells empty, and the other 2 containing one seed each.
— Erect elegant bushy oppositely branched shrubs. Leaves
oval, quite entire. Peduncles short, axillary, one or many
flowered. Flowers bibracteate, small, white or rose-coloured,
on short pedicels.
1 S. vulga'ris (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 100.) flowers dis-
posed in axillary capitate clusters, composed of nearly sessile
racemules. T? . H. Native of Virginia, Carolina, and Pennsyl-
vania, in sandy dry fields. Lonicera symphoricarpos, Lin. spec.
249. S. parviflora, Desf. cat. Symphoria conglomerata, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 214. Symphoria glomerata, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 162. — Schmidt, arb. t. 115. — Dill. elth. t. 278. f. 360. —
Hort. ang. 85. t. 20. Corolla white. Berries red, size of
hemp seed ; but according to Pursh the flowers are small, red,
and yellow ; and the berries purple. Branches brown, smooth.
Leaves elliptic, ovate, obtuse, glaucous, and pubescent beneath.
The berries are cup-shaped, and ripen in winter.
Common St. Peter’s-wort. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1730. Shrub
3 to 6 feet.
2 S. racemosus (Mich. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 107.) flowers dis-
posed in nearly terminal loose
interrupted racemes, which are
often leafy ; corolla densely
bearded inside ; style and sta-
mens inclosed. T j . H. Native
of North America ; on mountains
near Lake Mistassins ; on the
banks of the Missouri ; of Up-
per Canada ; abundant about
the Saskatchawan; on the banks
of the Columbia, and at Puget’s
Sound, and Nootka Sound,
north-west coast. Symphoria ra-
cemosa, Pursh, fl. amer. sept,
l.p. 162. Sims, hot. mag. 2211.
Lodd. hot. cab. t. 230. S. leucocarpa, Hort. Leaves glaucous
beneath. Corolla rose-coloured. Berries large, white. This
is a fine shrub, very common in our gardens, easily known by
its large white berries, and small red flowers. The S. elongata
and S. heterophylla, Presl, in herb. Haenke, which were collected
about Nootka Sound, do not differ from this species, in which
the lower leaves are sometimes deeply sinuated.
Racemose-^ owered St. Peter’s-wort or Snow-berry. Fl. July,
Sept. Clt. 1817. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
3 S. occidenta'lis (Richards, in Frankl. 1st journ. ed. 2.
append, p. 6.) spikes dense, terminal, and axillary, drooping ;
corolla and segments densely bearded inside ; style and stamens
a little exserted. T? . H. Native of British North America, in
the woody country, between lat. 54° and 64°, and known under
the name of wolf-berry ; abundant about the Saskatchawan and
Red River ; and about Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia.
According to Dr. Richardson this species comes very near S.
racemosus, but is distinguished by the larger, less glaucous,
3 m 2
FIG. 81.
452
CAPRIF0LIACE7E. VII. Symphoricarpos. VIII. Abelia. IX. Linn£:a. X. Aidia.
more rigid, and denser foliage, and by the flowers being arranged
in dense drooping spikes, larger than in S. racemosus , and by
the prominent style and stamens.
Western St. Peter’s-wort. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 S. micropiiy'llus (H. B. et Kunth, nov, gen. amer. 3. p.
424.) flowers axillary, solitary ; leaves roundish-ovate, bluntish,
pubescent. T? . F. Native of Mexico, in the temperate parts
near Moran, at the altitude of 4000 feet. Symphoria micro-
phylla, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 1. p. 757. Anisanthus micro-
phyllus, Willd. in Schultes, syst. 5. p. 223. Corolla white.
Smatl-leaved St. Peter's-wort. Shrub 4 to G feet.
5 S. glauce'scens (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 424. t. 295.)
flowers axillary, solitary; leaves elliptic, acute, somewhat mu-
cronate, smoothish. Tj . F. Native of Mexico, on the moun-
tains near Santa Rosa, at the elevation of 4000 feet. Symphoria
montana, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 757. Leaves glaucescent beneath.
Glaucescent St. Peter’s-wort. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. Symphoricarpos is a genus of very beautiful and deli-
cate shrubs, well adapted for shrubberies or borders. They grow
in any common garden soil ; and are easily increased by cuttings,
which should be planted either in autumn or spring.
VIII. ABE'LIA (named by Mr. Brown after Clarke Abel,
M. D. physician to the embassy to China under Lord Amherst ;
he collected and brought home many interesting plants). R. Br.
car. and descript, pi. Abel, 1818. in 4to, p. 5. with a figure.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 339.
Lin. syst. Telrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong
tube, and a 2 or 5-parted foliaceous limb : the segments oblong.
Corolla tubular, funnel-shaped, 5-lobed : lobes ovate, nearly
equal. Stamens 4, didynamous or nearly equal. Stigma capitate.
Ovarium 3-celled ; 2 of the cells contain many ovula, but all be-
come abortive, and the third contains only one ovulum, which
comes to perfection. Pericarp 1 -seeded, indehiscent, crowned
by the foliaceous limb of the calyx. — Decumbent or weak gla-
brous shrubs. Leaves petiolate, dentately crenated. Peduncles
axillary, trichotomous or trifid, or terminal and undivided. In-
volucrum 2 or many flowered, composed of 6 or more leaves.
1 A. Chine'nsis (R. Br. 1. c.) involucrum 2-flowered ; pe-
duncles trichotomous ; stamens exserted. I? . G. Native of
China, in the province of Kiang-si at the Lake Po-Yang, where it
was collected by Dr. Clarke Abel. Tube of corolla 5-nerved :
4 of the nerves approximate, and the fifth remote. Ovarium
having one nerve on one side, and 4 on the other. Leaves ovate,
finely pubescent.
China Abelia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet ?
2 A. triflora (R. Br. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 14. t. 15.)
flowers by threes, forming terminal corymbs : lateral flowers
furnished with 3 bracteas : middle one sessile, naked ; calyx 5-
parted : the segments foliaceous, linear, and ciliated ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, ciliated with hyaline
hairs. J? . G. Native of the East Indies, on the highest moun-
tains of Northern and Western Kamaon towards the Himalaya,
where it is called Kumlci. Flowers pale red, delightfully fra-
grant.
Three-Jlowered Abelia. Tree small.
3 A. uniflora (R. Br. in Wall. pi. asiat. rar. p. 15.) pedun-
cles 1 -flowered, tribracteate. T? • G. Native of China,
One-flowered Abelia. Shrub.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will be a good soil
for the species of Abelia; and they may be easily increased by
cuttings planted in any light soil, with a hand-glass placed over
them.
IX. LINNtE'A (this little northern plant, long overlooked,
depressed, abject, flowering early, Linnaeus selected to transmit
FIG. 82.
his own name to posterity). Gron. in Lin. gen. no. 774. Juss.
gen. 211. D. C. prod. 4. p. 340. — Obolaria, Sieg. prim. p. 79.
— Campanula spec. C. Bauh. Tourn. &c.
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx double, superior
one of one leaf ; in 5 deep, erect, lanceolate, acute, equal seg-
ments (f. 82. b.). Corolla bell-shaped (f. 82. d.) ; tube cylin-
drical, gradually dilated upwards, about twice the length of the
superior calyx; limb divided into 5 deep, nearly equal, slightly
spreading segments (f. 82. d.). Stamens 4, inclosed, didynamous
(f. 82. f.) ; the 2 uppermost ones the shortest. Ovarium globu-
lar, of 3 cells. Style cylindrical, gently swelling upwards, declin-
ing longer than the corolla (f. 82. e.) ; stigma obtuse. Berry dry,
ovate-oblong, of 1-cell, membranous, closely invested with the
inferior calyx, and crowned with the superior one. Seed soli-
tary, filling the cavity. — A trailing, somewhat shrubby plant, of
an elegant aspect, and rendered most interesting to a botanist on
account of the name given, with the concurrence of Linnaeus, by
his friend Dr. J. F. Gronovius.
1 L. bore a' lis (Lin. spec.
880.) Ij . H. Native of Lapland,
Sweden, Norway, Russia, Ger-
many, Switzerland, Savoy, Si-
beria, &c., in dry, stony, shady,
mossy, fir woods, on the moun-
tains. In Scotland the plant was
first found in an old fir wood at
Inglismaldie, on the borders of
Mearnshire in 1795 ; it lias
since been found in several simi-
lar situations in the highlands of
Scotland. In North America in
several parts, as in the states of
New England, New Hampshire,
Vermont, but more particularly
in Canada throughout the woody
country from Lake Huron to the Arctic circle ; and from
Newfoundland and Labrador on the east to the Columbia, Una-
laschka, and Kotzebue’s Sound on the west. Lin. fl. suec. p. 219.
t. 1. fl. lapp. ed. 2. p. 214. t. 12. f. 4. Smith, engl. bot. t. 433.
Wahl. fl. lapp. 170. t. 9. f. 3. Oed. fl. dan. t. 3.— A trailing, sub-
shrubby, creeping, and evergreen plant, forming broad leafy
patches ; the young shoots hairy and leafy. Leaves roundish or
ovate, firm, crenate in the fore part, slightly hairy, and of a full
green above, paler beneath. Peduncles axillary, about a finger
in length, bearing each 2 elegant, pendulous, flesh-coloured
flowers at the apex, which are said to be very fragrant at night.
A pair of very small leaves stand at the origin of the partial
flower-stalks, or pedicels, and there is often a larger pair or
two at the lower part of each peduncle. Corolla variegated in-
ternally with rose colour and yellow. The American plants are
generally stronger than the European ones.
Northern Linnaea. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. trailing.
Cult. This elegant little trailing evergreen shrub will not
grow in cultivation unless in a peat border, where it will thrive
and flower freely ; and most so if the border is in a shady situa-
tion. It is sometimes grown in large pots or pans, filled with
peat earth, and grows luxuriantly. It is easily increased by
separating the creeping stems when rooted.
•f- Genera allied to Caprifoliacece, but are not sufficiently
known.
X. AI'DIA (from aiciog, aidios, perpetual ; in reference to the
durability of the wood of this tree). Lour. coch. p. 143. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 340.
Lin. syst. Pentandria , Monogynia. Tube of calyx adnate
CAPRIFOLIACEAE. XI. Valentiana. XII. Karpaton. RUBIACEAi.
453
to the ovarium ; limb 5-toothed, erect. Corolla superior, salver-
shaped, with a woolly throat and a 5-parted limb : the seg-
ments lanceolate. Anthers 5, linear, inserted in the recesses
between the segments of the corolla. Style equal in length to
the stamens ; stigma ovate-oblong. Berry ovate, umhilicate,
I -seeded. — A large tree, with very durable wood and spreading
branches. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous.
Racemes axillary, short, loose. Flowers white.
1 A. Cochinchine'nsis (Lour. 1. c.) Ij.G. Native of Cochin-
china. The wood of this tree is white and heavy, composed of
thick fibres ; and is used for the purpose of forming the founda-
tion of bridges, being imperishable either by being under water
or under ground.
Cochinchina Aidia. Tree large.
Cult. Any common soil will suit this tree ; and cuttings will
be easily rooted if planted under a hand-glass.
XI. VALENTIA'NA (meaning unknown to us). Rafin.
speech. 1. p. 87. D. C. prod. 4. p. 340.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adnate
to the ovarium ; limb 8-cleft. Corolla tubular : with a 5-cleft
nearly equal limb. Stamens 4, epipetalous, nearly equal. Style
filiform : stigma 2-lobed. Fruit 2-celled ? — A twining shrub.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, somewhat sagittate, a little serrated,
acute. Flowers axillary, solitary, bibracteate ; bracteas cordate,
winged on the outside. — This genus is said by Rafinesque to be
allied to Linncea, but the plant is wholly unknown to other
botanists.
1 V. volu'bilis (Rafin. 1. c.) . /'\ G. Native of Abys-
sinia.
Twining Valentiana. Shrub tw.
Cult. See Aidia, p. 452. for culture and propagation. The
plant is well fitted for training up the rafter in a green-house.
XII. KARPA'TON (meaning unknown to us). Rafin. fl.lud.
р. 78. D. C. prod. 4. p. 340.
Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering to
the ovarium ; limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, 4-cleft, bila-
biate. Stamens 2 ; anthers 2-lobed : lobes remote. Style un-
der the upper lip of the corolla ; stigma simple. Capsule
crowned by the calyx, 1-celled? 4-seeded. Stem herbaceous?
angular ; branches fastigiate. Leaves opposite, sessile, oblong,
hastate, unequally toothed at the base, acuminated, glabrous.
Flowers small, sessile, disposed in whorls. According to the
author it is allied to Diervilla, hut the genus is entirely unknown
to any other author.
1 K. hasta'tum (Rafin. 1. c.) 1/ . H. Native of Louisiana.
Anonyma, Rob. voy. p. 457.
Hastate- leaved Karpaton. PL?
Cult. This plant will grow best in a border of peat earth,
and may probably be increased by dividing at the root.
Order CXXX. RUBIA'CEiE (this order contains plants
agreeing with Rubia in important characters). Juss. gen. p.
196. D. C. ann. mus. 9. p. 216. prod. 4. p. 341. prop. med. ed.
2. p. 168. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 365. Cham, et Schlecht. in
3. p. 220. and 310. and vol. 4. p. 1. 30. and 179. — Aparines,
Adans. fam. 2. p. 140. — Stellatm and Contortse genera of Lin.
Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium (f. 94. e. f. 97. g.) ;
limb variable, truncate (f. 93. a.), or of many lobes, usually re-
gular ; the sepals or lobes equal in number to the petals (f. 84.
с. ), very rarely intermixed with accessory teeth. Corolla
gamopetalous, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the
calyx, usually with a 4-5 lobed limb (f. 93. b. f. 84. c.), rarely with
a 3 or 9-partedlimb (f. 101. b.); the tube either short (f. 84. 6.)
or long (f. 92. c.) ; the lobes or segments twisted or valvate in
aestivation. Stamens equal in number to the segments of the
corolla, alternating with them, and more or less adnate to its
tube (f. 83. g-. f. 91. 5.). Anthers oval, 2-celled (f. 111. c.),
bursting inwardly. Ovarium situated within the calyx, and ad-
hering to it (f. 94. e. f. 10 3.g.f.), usually 2 (f. 94. c.) or many
celled (f. 103. g.), rarely 1-celled by abortion : always crowned
by a fleshy urceolus, or the limb of the calyx (f. 103./.). Style
one, rising from the urceolus (f. 83. d.) ; stigmas usually 2,
distinct (f. 105. c.), or more or less combined (f. 83. e.), rarely
more than 2. Fruit baccate (f. 107. /<.), capsular (f. 95. A:.), or
drupaceous (f.103. g.), 2 (f. 94. c.) or many celled (f. 103. g.); cells
1-2 or many seeded. The seeds, where they are solitary in the cells,
are sometimes fixed by the apex, but usually by the base ; but
where they are numerous in the cells, they are fixed to a central
placenta, and are usually horizontal. Albumen large, horny or
fleshy. Embryo straight, ora little curved, inclosed in the middle
of the albumen; with a terete radicle turned towards the
liilum; and foliaceous cotyledons. — Trees, shrubs, and herbs,
with terete or tetragonal branches. Leaves simple, girded by a
marginal nerve, and therefore quite entire, opposite or verticil-
late, always bistipulate. Stipulas variable in cohesion and form,
interpetiolar or intrafoliaceous. Flowers arranged in various
ways, but usually in panicles or corymbs, rarely unisexual by
abortion.
This well marked order is nearly allied to Compbsitce, from
which its distinct stamens, bilocular, and plurilocular ovarium
and inflorescence, distinguish it, and consequently it participates
in all the relation of that extensive order. From Apocynece in
the aestivation of the corolla, the presence of stipulas, and the
inferior ovarium distinguish it, yet, according to Mr. R. Brown,
there exists a genus in equinoxial Africa which has the inter-
petiolar stipulas and seeds of Rubiacece and the superior ova-
rium of Apocijnece, thus connecting these two orders, Congo, p.
448. There is a striking affinity between Rubiacece and Capri-
foliacece in the monopetalous tubular corolla, definite stamens,
inferior ovarium, and opposite leaves, which is confirmed by the
corolla of the latter being occasionally regular or irregular.
The tribe Operculariece, referred to this order by Mr. R. Brown
(Congo, p. 447.) and others (A. Rich. elem. ed. 4. p. 483.), is
remarkable for having but 1-seed, and the number of sta-
mens unequal to the lobes of the corolla, and therefore occupies
an intermediate station between the Rubiacece and Dipsdcece.
The tribe Stelldtce is distinguished from the rest of the order in
the stipulas being as large as the leaves, and of the same form
and consistence, having from 1-3 between each leaf on both sides,
forming with them a kind of star or whorl, from which circum-
stance the name stellate is applied. The leaves in this tribe can
only be distinguished from the stipulas by the axillary buds.
Powerful febrifugal or emetic qualities are the grand features
of this order, the most efficient products of which in these two
respects are Quinquina and Ipecacuanha. The febrifugal pro-
perties depend upon the presence of a bitter tonic astringent
454
RUBIACE7E.
principle, which exists in great abundance in the bark ; those of
Cinchona are known to depend upon the presence of two alkalies,
called cinchonine and quinine, both of which are combined with
kinic acid ; two principles which, though very analogous, are
distinctly different, standing in the same relation to each other
as potass and soda. Turner, p. 648. Dr. Sertiirner has ob-
tained some other vegato-alkalies from Cinchona, one of W'hich
he calls chinioidia. Brande, journ. 12. p. 417. new series. The
existence of this is denied by M. M. Neury and Delondre,
ibid, July, 1830, p. 442. A detailed account of the qualities,
synonymes, and commercial names of the species of Cinchona
is given in Mr. Lambert’s work on the genus Cinchona, 4to.
London, 1821. In the same work is the translation of Baron
Humboldt’s account of the Cinchona forests of South America.
Three species of Cinchona, the C. ferruginea , C. Vellosii, and
C . Remijiana, are found in Brazil, where they are used for the
same purposes as the Peruvian bark, to which, however, they
are altogether inferior. St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. no. 2. The
French Guiana bark possesses properties analogous to those of
Cinchona, and is obtained from Portldndia hexdndra the Coutarea
speciosa, Aublet. Humb. cinch, forest, p. 43. The Quinquina
Pitou and Quinquina des Antilles are produced by species of
the genus Exost'emma, and are remarkable for possessing proper-
ties similar to those of the true Quinquina, but without any trace
of either cinchonine or quinine. St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. no. 3.
A kind of fever-bark is obtained at Sierra Leone from Rondeletia
febrifuga. Besides, there are a great number of other species
possess barks more or less valuable. Pinckneya pubens is
the fever-bark of Carolina ; Condaminea corymbosa, Isertia
coccinea, Anlirhce'a, and Morinda Royoc, are all of the same
description. A lightish brown, bitter, and powerfully astrin-
gent extract, called Gambier, is obtained at Malacca by boiling
the leaves of Nauclea Gdmbir ; it is sometimes substituted for
gum-kino, Ainslie, 2. p. 106. A decoction of the leaves, as
well as the root, of Canthium parviflbrum, is prescribed in India
in certain kinds of flux, and the last is supposed to have anthel-
mintic properties, though neither has much sensible taste or
smell. The bark and young shoots are also used in dysentery.
Ainslie, 2. p. 63. Among the emetics, Ipecacuanha holds the
first rank; it is the root of Cephce'lis Ipecacuanha, a little creep-
ing-rooted half-herbaceous plant, found in damp shady forests of
Brazil. Similar properties are found in the roots of other Ru-
biaceous plants of the same country, as in Richardsbnia rosea
and R. scabra, Borrbria ferruginea and B. Pociya, &c. A
peculiar alkaline principle, called emetia, is found in Ipeca-
cuanha, which contains 16 per cent, of it. Turner, p. 653. The
Raiz Preta, which is celebrated for its power in curing dropsy,
and in destroying the dangerous consequences of bites of ser-
pents, is said to be related to Ipecacuanha. Edinb. pbil. journ.
1. p. 218. Several species of Psychotria, as P. emelica, &c. and
Geophila reniformis, are substitutes for Ipecacuanha. The spurious
barks called Quinquina Pitou, are capable of exciting vomiting.
The powdered fruit of Rdndia dumetorum, is a powerful emetic.
An infusion of the bark of the root is administered to nauseate
in bow'el complaints. Ainslie, 2. p. 186. According to Roxburg,
the root bruised and throw'n into ponds where there are fish, in-
toxicates them, as Cbcculus I'ndicus. Ainslie, 2. p. 186. Psy-
cholria Noxa and Palicoiirea Marcgravii, both called Err a de
rata, are accounted poisonous in Brazil ; but nothing very cer-
tain seems to be known of their properties. Edinb. phil. journ.
14. p. 267. The root of Morinda umbellata in the Moluccas,
and that of M. citrifolia in India, is used for dyeing red and
brown ; and the bark of M. Royoc for ink. The leaves of
Oldenlandia umbellata are considered by the native doctors of
India as expectorant ; and the root is employed in India for
staining nankeens. Ainslie, 2. p. 101. Coffee is the roasted seeds
of a plant of this order, Coffea Ardbica, and is supposed to owe
its characters to a peculiar chemical principle called coffein.
Turner, p. 699. The part roasted is the albumen, which is of a
hard horny consistence ; and it is probable that the seeds of most
of the plants of the present order, whose albumen is of the same
texture, would serve as a substitute. This would not be the
case with those with fleshy albumen. The fruit of some Gar-
denias Genipa and of Vanqueria, the Voa Vanga of Madagascar,
and Sarcoc'ephalus esculentus, are succulent and eatable. The root
of Riibia tinctoria, the madder, is one of the most important
dyes writh which we are acquainted ; a quality in which the roots
of many other plants belonging to the tribe Stelldtce participate
in a greater or less degree. The roots of Riibia Munjisla yield
the madder of Bengal. Ainslie, 1. p. 203. The torrefied grains
of Galium are said to be a good substitute for coffee. The
flowers of Galium verum are used to curdle milk. An infusion
of Asperula cyndnchica has a little astringency, and has been
used as a gargle. Asperula odorata, or Woodruff, is remarkable
for its fragrance when dried ; it passes for a diuretic. Riibia
Noxa is said to be poisonous.
Opposite leaves, with intervening stipulas, a monopetalous
corolla, with a definite number of stamens, are the great charac-
teristics of Rubiacece ; an order of such extent, that it embraces
a very large proportion of the whole phenogamous plants, in-
cluding within its limits humble weeds and lofty trees. Among
them the plants of beauty or value are innumerable ; of the for-
mer description the genera Ixora, Bouvdrdia, Catesbce'a, Port-
ldndia,Cardenia, Hamelia, Cephce'lis, Augustea, and many others,
are notable examples.
Synopsis of the genera.
A. Cells of fruit many-seeded.
Tribe I.
Cinchona' cEiE. Fruit capsular, 2-celled ; cells many seeded.
Seeds winged. — Trees or shrubs. Stipulas interpeliolar.
Subtribe I. Naucle'ea;. Flowers capitate , sessile, upon a
globose receptacle (f. 83. e. f. 84. k.).
1 Nau'clea. Tube of calyx oblong; limb truncate or 5-
toothed (f. 83. b.), with linear lobes. Corolla funnel-shaped (f.
83. c.), with a slender tube and naked throat. Stigma tumid,
undivided (f. 83. d.). Capsules sessile, not attenuated at the base.
2 Unca'ria. All as in Nauclea, but differs in tbe flowers
being scattered on the receptacle. Calyx urceolately 5-cleft.
Capsules pedicellate, clavate, attenuated at the base.
RUBIACEiE.
455
3 Adi'na. Tube of calyx oblong ; limb campanulate, 5-part-
ed (f. 84. a.), permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed (f.
(f. 84. b. c.), with a naked throat and valvate lobes. Anthers
almost sessile (f. 84. e.), inclosed. Stigma capitate (f. 84. b.).
Capsules membranous, 4-valved (f. 84. g.), pyramidal. Seeds
2-4 in each cell.
4 Breo'nia. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a terete
tube, and a flat, 5-lobed, spreading limb. Stamens inserted in
the throat, half-exserted. Style very long: stigma bipartite.
Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 7-8-ovulate : ovula fixed to membra-
nous placentas, and hanging from the axis.
5 Lecana'nthus. Limb of calyx campanulate, coloured, ir-
regularly divided. Corolla with a short tube, and a 5-lobed
limb. Anthers large, inserted in the tube. Style bifid ; stigmas
linear. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells many seeded. Placentas semi-
cylindrical.
Subtribe II. Cincho'neje. Flowers more or less 'pedicellate,
never seated on a globose receptacle.
6 Steve'nsia. Calyx girded by a 4-lobed involucel ; limb
bipartite, deciduous. Corolla salver-shaped, with a short tube,
and a bluntly 6-7-parted limb. Anthers 6-7, sessile in the
throat. Capsule globose, areolate at the apex. Seeds a little
winged, pubescent at the top.
7 Couta'rea. Limb of calyx 6-parted. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a short tube, and a bluntly 6-lobed limb. Stamens
inserted in the bottom of the throat ; anthers linear, exserted.
Capsule obovate, compressed ; valves bifid at the apex. Wings
of seeds membranous.
8 Hi'llia. Calyx girded by a 4-leaved involucel ; limb 2-4-
parted, permanent. Corolla with a long tube (f. 85. b.), and a
4- 6-parted limb (f. 85. b.). Stamens 4-6, inclosed, sessile be-
neath the throat (f. 85. c.). Capsule elongated, crowned. Seed
ending in a pencil-formed tail (f. 85. e.).
9 Hymenopogon. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent. Co-
rolla salver-shaped, with a very long tube, and a 5-parted limb.
Stamens 5, inclosed, inserted in the top of the tube, which is in-
flated. Capsule oblong, clavate, 10-nerved, crowned. Seeds
appendiculated at both ends.
10 Cincho'na. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 86. a.). Corolla with a
terete tube, and a 5-parted limb (f. 86. b.), which is valvate in
aestivation. Anthers linear, inserted in the middle of the tube
(f. 86. a.), a little exserted. Capsules dehiscing at the valves,
crowned. Seeds girded by a membranous lacerated wing.
11 Cosmibue'na. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with a long
tube, and a 5-lobed limb, which is valvate in aestivation. Anthers
oblong, exserted. Stigma bipartite. Capsule somewhat 4-valved,
dehiscing from the apex. Seeds girded by a lacerated wing.
12 Lasione'ma. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, with a
5- lobed limb, which is imbricate in aestivation. Stamens ex-
serted ; filaments bearded in the middle. Anthers roundish,
peltate. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing in the
middle of the cells, many-seeded. Seeds small, sameroid.
13 Lucu'lia. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 87. c.), deciduous : lobes
foliaceous. Corolla with a longish tube, and a 5-lobed expanded
limb, which is imbricate in activation. Stamens almost inclosed
(f. 87. a.); anthers linear. Stigma 2-parted (f. 87. b.). Cap-
sule dehiscing at the dissepiment from the apex. Wings of
seed jagged.
14 Hymenody'ction. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, with
a 5-cleft limb, which is valvate in aestivation. Stamens exserted ;
anthers peltate. Capsule not crowned, dehiscing at the dissepi-
ment. Wing of seeds bifid at the base.
15 Exoste'mma. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with a terete tube,
and a 5-parted limb, which is plicate in aestivation. Anthers
linear, exserted. Capsules crowned, dehiscing at the cells. Seeds
girded by a membranous entire border.
16 Dana'is. Flowers dioecious from abortion. Limb of
calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a slender tube, a
villous throat, and a spreading 5-parted limb. Stamens exserted
in the male flowers, and in the female inclosed and abortive.
Style bifid at the apex. Capsule globose. Seed girded by a
membranous border.
17 Mane'ttia. Limb of calyx 4-5-lobed (f. 88. d.). Corolla
funnel-shaped (f. 88. 6.), with a terete tube, a hairy throat, and
a 4 (f. 88. b .) -5-lobed limb. Anthers sessile in the throat.
Capsule ovate, compressed (f. 88. d.), crowned. Seeds pel-
tate, girded by a usually toothed border.
18 Bouva'rdia. Limb of calyx 4-parted (f. 89. a. b.). Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, tubular (f. 89. e.), with a 4-parted (f. 89. a.)
spreading short limb. Stamens adnate at the base to the tube, but
free above the middle. Anthers linear, inclosed. Capsule mem-
branous, globose, compressed. Seeds girded (f. 89. a.) by a
membranous border.
19 Pinckne'ya. Calyx 5-parted ; the fifth lobe expanded into
a coloured leaf. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, and a 5-cleft
limb, which is valvate in aestivation. Stamens inserted at the
base of the tube, exserted ; anthers peltate. Capsule compres-
sed, 2-celled, dehiscing at the dissepiment. Seeds surrounded
by a wing, which is emarginate at the base.
20 Calycophy'llum. Limb of calyx truncate or bluntly
toothed ; one of the teeth expanded into a membranous stalked
coloured leaf. Corolla campanulate or funnel-shaped ; limb 5-
parted. Stamens rising from the throat ; anthers oval, ex-
serted. Style ending in 2 reflexed stigmas. Capsule oblong.
Seed fixed to the linear placentas, girded by a narrow wing.
Tribe II.
Gardenia'cea:. Fruit indehiscenl (f. 94. b.), fleshy, usually
2-celled, rarely 1-celled by abortion. Seeds not winged. Albu-
men fleshy. — Trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves, and interpetio-
lar stipulas.
Subtribe I. Sarcocepiia'le.e. Flowers sessile, collected into
a head (f. 90. a. 6.) upon the receptacle. The fruit combined to-
gether into one (f. 90. b. c .).
21 Sarcoce'phalus. The calyxes are closely joined to-
gether into a globose fleshy head (f. 90. b.) ; limb of calyx with
a very short margin. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Anthers
15
456
RUBIACEjE.
sessile in the throat. Stigma undivided. Berries many seeded.
Seed small, somewhat reniform.
22 Zuccari'nia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla tubu-
lar : limb 5-lobed, erect. Anthers 5, linear, inclosed, adnate
between the lobes of the corolla. Stigma bifid. Berries oval,
stipitate, crowned by the calyx. Seed compressed, 2 rows in
each cell.
23 Lucin^e'a. Flowers combined into a dense head. Margin
of calyx entire. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-parted, densely vil-
lous inside. Stamens shorter than the corolla ; anthers linear.
Stigma bifid. Berries joined together, many seeded. Seeds
angular.
24 Cane'phora. Limb of calyx 5-6 toothed. Corolla with
a somewhat campanulate tube, and a 5-6-lobed limb. Anthers
5- 6, oblong, almost sessile, inclosed. Stigma bifid. Fruit bac-
cate ? 2-celled, many seeded. Ovula imbricate, inserted in
spongy axillary placentas ; but according to Rich the fruit is pea-
shaped, 2-seeded, and crowned by the calyx.
Subtribe II. Gardenie^. Flowers distinct , not joined to-
gether into a head.
25 Burctie'llia. Limb of calyx drawn out beyond the ova-
rium, 5-cleft (f. 91. a.) beyond the middle. Corolla clavately
funnel-shaped (f. 91.5.); throat naked : lobes imbricated, and
twisted in aestivation. Filaments adnate to the tube(f. 91. 6.)atthe
base ; anthers inclosed. Stigma bearing 5 convex crests on the
outside, and tufts of hairs. Berry crowned by the calyx, turbi-
nately globose. Placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds
angular. Flowers capitate.
26 Amaiou'a. Limb of calyx 6-toothed. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a terete tube, which is longer than the calyx, and a
6- parted spreading limb. Anthers 6, inclosed, linear. Stigma
clavate. Berry obovate-oblong, 2-3-celled. Seeds disposed in
2 rows in each cell, nearly orbicular, separated by the horizon-
tal dissepiments.
27 Mussa/nda. Limb of calyx 5-parted, deciduous, one of
the outer lobes usually drawn out into a large petiolate coloured
leaf. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 5-parted limb and a villous
throat. Anthers 5, sessile, linear. Stigma bifid. Fruit ovoid,
fleshy, indehiscent, many seeded. Seeds scabrous. Placentas
rising from the middle of the dissepiment, pedunculate, bifid at
the apex. Flowers corymbose.
28 Kutchub^'a. Limb of calyx truncate. Corolla with a
cylindrical tube, much longer than the calyx, a villous throat,
and an 8-parted limb : lobes twisted in eestivation. Anthers 8,
oblong-acute, almost sessile among the villi in the throat.
Stigma clavate, hairy on the outside. Flowers subcorymbose.
29 Cassu'pa. Limb of calyx short, entire. Corolla tubular,
rugged on the outside, with a villous throat, and a 6-parted limb.
Anthers 6, oblong, nearly sessile, inserted among the hairs in the
throat. Stigma bifid. Berry globose, crowned, many seeded.
Placentas fixed to the middle of the dissepiment.
30 Gynopa'chys. Limb of calyx urceolate, entire, decidu-
ous. Corolla with a short tube, a 5-parted spreading limb,
and a bristly throat. Stamens 5, inserted in the mouth of the
tube ; anthers linear, exserted. Berry globose, umbonate,
many seeded. Placentas stipitate, rather fleshy. Seeds com-
pressed.
31 Tocoye'na. Limb of calyx very short, 5-toothed. Corolla
with a very long tube, a naked dilated throat, and a spreading
5-parted limb. Anthers linear-sagittate, rising from the throat,
exserted. Style fusiform at the apex. Berry rather fleshy,
crowned. Seeds numerous, imbedded in soft pulp.
32 Posoque'ria. Limb of calyx short, 5 -toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a very long terete tube, a villous hardly
dilated throat, and a 5-parted spreading limb. Stamens 5, rising
from the throat, free, a little exserted. Style filiform, bifid at
the apex. Berry ovate, crowned, succulent, many seeded.
33 Oxya'nthus. Limb of calyx acutely 5-toothed (f. 92. a.).
Corolla with a very long slender tube (f. 92. c.), a glabrous
throat, and a regular 5-parted limb (f. 92. d.). Stamens 5, ex-
serted (f. 92. f.), free at the throat ; anthers acute. Style
clavate at the apex (f. 92. e.). Fruit baccate.
34 Stylocory'na. Limb of calyx 5-toothed Corolla sal-
ver-shaped or funnel-shaped, with a cylindrical tube, and a
5-parted limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the mouth of the
corolla ; anthers linear, very long. Stigma clavate (f. 92. g.).
Berry globose, crowned by the calyx, almost dry. Placentas
spongy, adnate to the middle of the dissepiment on both sides.
Seeds angular.
35 Ge'nipa. Limb of calyx truncate or subdentate. Corolla
salver-shaped, the tube not exceeding the calyx, and the limb
large and 5-parted. Anthers linear, exserted, sessile in the
throat. Stigma clavate. Berry corticate, somewhat 4-celled,
attenuated at both ends, crowned by the tubular calyx. Seeds
many, horizontal, imbedded in pulp.
36 Garde'nia. Limb of calyx truncate or toothed (f. 93. a.).
Corolla funnel or salver-shaped (f. 93. b.j, having the tube
much longer than the calyx ; limb twisted in aestivation (f. 93.
e.), 5-9-parted, spreading. Anthers 5-9, linear, nearly sessile in
the throat. Stigma clavate, bifid. Berry fleshy, crowned by
the calyx, incompletely 2-5-celled. Seeds minute, immersed in
the fleshy parietal placentas.
37 Ra'ndia. Limb of calyx 5-lobed. Corolla salver-shaped,
with a short tube, and a 5-parted limb. Anthers inclosed, ses-
sile, within the throat. Stigmas 2. Berry nearly dry, crowned
by the calyx, many seeded. Seeds fixed to the central placenta,
imbedded in the pulp.
38 Chapelie'ria. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent. Co-
rolla with a slender tube, a 5-parted limb, and a villous throat.
Stamens 5, nearly sessile, inclosed, inserted in the middle of the
tube. Stigma bipartite. Fruit ovoid, rather fleshy, crowned by
the erect, large, spreading limb of the calyx, many seeded.
Seeds angular, and clothed with adpressed golden silky down.
39 Heinsia. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent. Corolla
salver-shaped : tube terete, longer than the calycine lobes, very
hairy in the upper part inside : limb 5-lobed : lobes undulated.
Anthers 5, linear, sessile towards the top of the tube. Stigmas
RUBIACEjE.
457
2, linear. Fruit globose, crowned, dry, hard. Placentas 2,
thick, adnate to the dissepiment. Seed nestling on the super-
fices of the placentas.
40 Menest6ria. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a
long terete tube, an almost naked throat, and a 5-lobed limb.
Anthers 5, oblong, sessile within the tube. Stigma bifid, in-
closed. Fruit baccate, nearly dry, not crowned. Placentas
adnate to the dissepiment, many seeded.
41 Helo'spora. Limb of calyx campanulate, 4-toothed.
Corolla with a longish tube, a naked throat, and a 4-lobed
spreading limb. Anthers 4, linear, inclosed. Style 4-cleft at
the apex. Berry crowned, tetragonal, not divided into cells, but
having the seeds immersed in the pulp, and disposed crosswise
in a double series.
42 Hippo'tis. Limb of calyx sheath -formed, cleft on one side,
and drawn out into a mucronate auricle on the other. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with the tube a little incurved, and the limb blunt
and 5-lobed. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube ; an-
thers ovate, inclosed. Ovarium girded by a 5-crenate urceolus.
Stigma of 2 adpressed lobes. Berry ovate, crowned. Seeds
numerous, minute.
43 Poma'tium. Limb of calyx bluntly 5-toothed : the teeth
deciduous. Corolla small, with a terete tube and a 5-parted
limb. Anthers ovate, sessile in the throat, inclosed. Stigma
bifid. Berry nearly dry, globose, subdidymous, crowned by the
remains of the calyx, many seeded. Placentas rather tumid.
Seed angular.
44 Bertie' ra. Limb of calyx short, 5-toothed, permanent.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube and a 5-parted spread-
ing limb. Anthers 5, sessile within the throat. Stigma bifid.
Berry nearly dry, crowned, roundish, many seeded. Seeds
fixed to the central placentas, angular, muricated.
45 Pouche'tia. Limb of calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla
with a short obconical tube and a 5-lobed limb, which is twisted
in aestivation. Anthers 5, linear, sessile in the tube. Stigmas
2, exserted a little. Berry dry, obovate, crowned. Seeds 4-6
in each cell, deformed, clothed with silky down.
46 Cu'pia. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, which is a little longer than
the calyx, and gradually widening to the throat ; and a 5-parted
recurved limb. Filaments very short ; anthers oblong. Style
2-lobed at the apex, or 10-angled. Berry globose, crowned.
Placentas spongy, central, few-seeded at maturity. Seed angular,
wrinkled at the hilum.
47 Tare'nna. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent, reflexed.
Corolla unknown. Berry globose, 8-striped, crowned. Placentas
central, spongy. Seed 4-6 in each cell, horizontal, semilunate,
rugged.
48 Pete'sia. Limb of calyx short, 4-5-toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a 4-5-cleft equal limb. Stamens 4-5 within
the tube. Berry nearly globose, naked at the apex, many seeded.
Seeds rather angular.
49 Coccocy'pselum. Limb of calyx 4-parted (f. 94. d. a.),
permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 4-parted limb and a
glabrous throat. Stamens 4 (f. 94. b.), inserted in the tube ;
vol. hi.
anthers oblong, heart-shaped, inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry
ovate, crowned (f. 94. d.), many seeded. Seeds angular. —
Creeping herbs.
50 Ferne'lia. Limb of calyx 4-cleft. Corolla small, with
a short tube and a 4-lobed spreading limb. Stamens 4, inserted
in the tube, almost inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry crowned,
having the dissepiment incomplete. Seeds numerous, rather
compressed.
51 Petu'nga. Limb of calyx 4-toothed, permanent. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a short obconical tube, a 4-parted limb, and
a villous throat. Stamens 4, a little exserted. Style villous ;
stigma bidentate. Berry globose, umbilicate. Seeds 2-4 in
each cell, fixed to the upper part of the dissepiment, ex Roxb. ;
but according to Blume scale-formed, and imbricated down-
wards.
52 Higgi'nsia. Limb of calyx 4-toothed, permanent. Corolla
funnel-shaped, somewhat campanulate, with a short tube, a 4-
parted spreading limb, and a naked throat. Stamens inserted
in the middle of the tube ; anthers ovate, inclosed. Stigmas 2,
exserted. Berry oblong, somewhat tetragonal, crowned, many
seeded. Placentas adnate to the dissepiment.
53 Hoffma'nnia. Limb of calyx 4-toothed : tube tetra-
gonal. Corolla salver-shaped, with a very short tube and a 4-
parted limb. Anthers 4, linear, acute, sessile on the upper part
of the tube, conniving. Stigma obtuse, hardly emarginate. Cap-
sule baccate, indehiscent, crowned. Placentas ovate, distinct in
each cell. Seeds minute, numerous.
54 Catesbje'a. Limb of calyx 4-toothed or 4-parted. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with a very long tube, which is gradually
dilated to the throat ; and a 4-lobed limb. Stamens 4, inserted
in the bottom of the corolla ; anthers linear, exserted. Stigma
bidentate. Berry globose or oblong, crowned. Placentas
spongy, fixed to the top of the dissepiment. Seeds numerous,
scale-formed, collected into two fascicles in each cell.
Tribe III.
Hedyoti'de^e. Fruit capsular (f. 95. k.), 2-celled, dehiscing
at the cells ; and rather membranous and indehiscent ; cells many-
seeded. Seeds not winged. — Shrubs or herbs , with opposite leaves.
Stipulas interpetiolar .
Subtribe I. Rondeletie'^e. Stipulas twin on both sides,
combined or distinct, but neither sheathed nor divided into many
bristles.- — Trees or shrubs.
55 Condami'nea. Calyx campanulate (f. 95. a.), 5 crenate
or 5-toothed ; limb deciduous. Corolla funnel-shaped (f. 95. 5.),
with a somewhat curved tube, which is a little longer than the
calyx, a dilated throat, and a 5-parted limb (f. 95. b.). Stamens
inserted above the middle of the tube (f. 95. e.), or near the throat ;
anthers oblong-linear, bifid at the base (f. 95./.), length of
corolla. Stigma 2-lobed (f. 95. e.). Capsule turbinate, truncate,
opening in the middle of the cells (f. 95. k.). Seeds wedge-
shaped (f. 95. 1.).
56 Alse'is. Limb of calyx superior, 5-parted. Corolla cup-
3 N
458
RUBIACE.E.
shaped, with a 5-lobed limb and a bearded throat. Stamens 5,
free to the base of the corolla, exserted. Stigma divided. Ova-
rium 2-celled, many ovulate.
57 Macrocne'mum. Limb of calyx minute, 5-toothed, per-
manent. Corolla tubular, with a widened throat and a 5-lobed
limb ; tube pentagonal at first. Stamens 5, free from the co-
rolla, except at the very base, hairy above the middle ; anthers
oblong, inclosed. Stigma obtuse, 2-lobed. Capsule 2-valved ;
valves dehiscing at the sides. Seeds acute, imbricated.
58 Chima'rrhis. Limb of calyx almost wanting, entire.
Corolla with a short tube and a 5-cleft spreading limb : lobes
hairy in the middle outside. Stamens 5, inserted at the top of
the tube, hairy at the base ; anthers oval. Capsule obovate or
turbinate, crowned ; valves semibifid. Seeds many.
59 Augu'stea. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-
shaped, much longer than the limb of the calyx ; tube widened
at the apex, a little incurved ; limb 5-parted, spreading. An-
thers 5, sessile in the sinuses of the corolla, and shorter than its
lobes. Style hairy at the base ; stigma bifid. Capsule oblong,
separable from the calyx, and naked at maturity, but crowned.
Seeds many, tetragonal.
60 Portla'ndia. Limb of calyx 5-parted ; tube 5-nerved.
Corolla large, funnel-shaped, with a short tube, a wide throat,
and a bluntly 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the bottom
of the throat ; anthers long, a little exserted. Stigma undivid-
ed. Capsule obovate, crowned, and retuse at the apex; valves
dehiscing at the apex. Placentas coriaceous, central. Seeds
scabrous.
61 Bikkia. Calyx with an 8-ribbed tube, and a 4-parted
limb. Corolla clavate, tetragonal, with a 4-cleft limb. Anthers
4, linear, not exceeding the limb. Capsule ovate, at length
separating from the calyx, 2-celled or nearly 4-celled ; valves
bifid at the apex. Placentas narrow. Seeds small, crested on
the margins.
62 Isjdo'rea. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubular,
pentagonal, with a naked throat, and a 5-cleft limb. Stamens
inserted in the very base of the corolla, and equal in length to it,
monadelphous and hairy at the base ; anthers oblong, obtuse.
Stigma bilamellate. Capsule nearly globose, pentagonal, truncate
at the apex, crowned. Coccula dehiscent, many seeded. Seeds
angular, furnished with a cup-formed membrane at the base.
63 Spallanza'nia. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent,
longer than the tube of the corolla. Corolla with a slender tube,
a naked throat, and a 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, free from the
throat, exserted ; anthers oblong. Stigmas 2, slender. Capsule
ovate-globose, ribbed, crowned ; valves semibifid. Placentas
adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds tubercular.
64 Rondele'tia. Limb of c'alyx 4-5-parted, permanent.
Corolla with a cylindrical tube and a 4-5-lobed spreading limb.
Anthers 4-5, sessile on the top of the tube, inclosed. Stigma
bifid. Capsule globose, crowned ; valves cleft in the middle.
Placentas central. Seed angular, few in the cells at maturity.
65 Wenbea'ndia. Limb of calyx very short, permanent,
4-5-toothed. Corolla with a terete tube, which is longer than
the calyx, and a 4-5-lobed spreading limb. Stamens 4-5, ris-
1
ing from the top of the tube ; anthers oblong, exserted. Stigma
bifid. Capsule ovate-globose, crowned; dehiscing at the cells
at top, many seeded.
66 Xanthophy'tum. Limb of calyx 4-5-cleft. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a short tube, a villous throat, and a 4-5-
cleft spreading limb. Stamens 4-5, exserted, inserted in the
throat, connivent. Style perforating the disk of the ovarium.
Stigma 2-lobed, gaping. Drupe didymous, crowned, divided
into 2 many seeded cells. Placentas prominent, fixed by the
middle on both sides. Seeds angular, minute.
67 Carpha'lea. Limb of calyx 4-parted, permanent. Co-
rolla with a long filiform tube, a ventricose hairy throat, and a
4-parted limb. Anthers oblong, almost sessile, inclosed. Stigma
bifid. Capsule crowned, dehiscing at the cells ; valves semi-
septiferous ; cells many seeded.
68 Sipa'nea. Limb of calyx 5-parted, permanent. Corolla
with a long terete tube, a bearded throat, and a 5-parted limb.
Anthers 5, sessile, inclosed. Stigma bifid. Capsule subglobose,
crowned, dehiscing at the cells. Placentas central, fleshy.
Seeds numerous, minutely tubercular. Annual herbs.
69 Vire'cta. Limb of calyx divided into 5 setaceous lobes.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with an obconical tube, a naked throat,
and having the limb divided into 5 linear-oblong ciliated lobes.
Stamens 5, much exserted ; anthers linear, oscillatory, bifid at
the base. Stigma undivided. Capsule globose, dehiscing at
the cells, at first crowned. Seeds numerous, 4-5-sided, a little
muricated. Hairy half herbaceous plants.
70 Ophiorhi'za. Limb of calyx 5-cleft, permanent. Corolla
tubular, funnel-shaped, 3 times longer than the limb of the
calyx, hairy inside : w’ith a 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, inclosed.
Style girded by an urceolus at the base. Stigma 2-lobed. Cap-
sule compressed, 2-lobed, crowned, dehiscing by a transverse
chink at the apex. Placentas exserted from the dissepiment.
Seeds numerous, hexagonal. — Herbs.
71 Argoste'mma. Limb of calyx 3-4-5-toothed. Corolla
rotate, spreading, 3-5, rarely 3-4-parted. Stamens alternating
with the lobes of the corolla. Anthers large, exserted, cohering
at the apex. Style perforating the fleshy disk ; stigma globose.
Capsule crowned, dehiscing radiately at the apex. Placentas
convex, adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds numerous, angular.—
Herbs.
72 Spiradi'clis. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with
a short tube and a 5-parted spreading limb. Stamens 5, in-
closed. Style girded by 4 glands. Stigma 2-lobed, gaping.
Capsule oblong, crowned ; valves bipartite. Seeds numerous,
angular. An herb.
73 Tu'la. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with an ob-
long tube, and a 5-cleft toothed curled limb. Anthers inclosed.
Capsule many seeded. — A procumbent herb.
74 Dente'lla. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-
shaped, 5-cleft, with a hairy throat ; lobes furnished with one
tooth on each side. Anthers 5, inclosed, nearly sessile. Stigmas
2. Capsule or berry dry, almost indehiscent, nearly globose,
crowned. Placentas fleshy, prominent on both sides within the
cells. Seeds small, ovate. — Creeping herbs.
RUBIACE.dE.
459
75 De'ppea. Teeth of calyx 4, short, triangular. Corolla
rotate, glabrous. Anthers 4, linear, exserted. Style exserted.
Capsule membranous, ellipsoid, crowned, 2-celled, and dehis-
cing at the cells ; cells 1 -seeded. — A shrub. Stipulas triangular,
deciduous. Flowers cymose.
Subtribe II. Heuyo'te^e. Stipulas formed into a sheath on
each side, adnate to the petioles, and ending in many bristles at
the apex. — Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants.
76 Hedyo'tis. Limb of calyx 4-toothed, permanent. Co-
rolla tubular, with a bearded throat, and a 4-cleft limb. Sta-
mens exserted a little ; anthers ovate-roundish, small. Cap-
sule ovate, crowned, dehiscing at the cells. Seed numerous,
minute, angular.
77 Oldenla'ndia. Limb of calyx 4-toothed, permanent.
Corolla with a short tube, a 4-cleft limb, and a villous or gla-
brous throat. Stamens a little exserted ; anthers ovate or orbi-
cular. Stigma undivided or bifid. Capsule nearly globose,
crowned, dehiscing at the vertex by a loculocudal chink. Seeds
numerous, small, half immersed in a globose placentas.
78 Gonothe'ca. Limb of calyx short, truncate, somewhat
4-toothed. Corolla having the tube inflated at the base, the
throat villous, and the lobes keeled. Stamens inclosed. Stigmas
2, obtuse, sessile. Capside compressed, furnished with a double
wing on each side, which also runs down along the pedicel,
crowned, dehiscing between the stigmas. Seeds numerous,
small, serobiculate.
79 Kohau'tia. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla with a
long terete tube, and a 4-lobed limb : lobes cuspidate. Anthers
sessile within the tube, inclosed. Style bifid at the apex. Cap-
sule globose, crowned, dehiscing at the cells. Seeds numerous,
small, half immersed in pits on the globose pedicellate placentas.
80 Ka'dua. Limb of calyx 4-cleft or 4-toothed. Corolla
salver-shaped, with a long tube and a 4-cleft limb. Anthers
linear or oblong, nearly sessile within the throat. Style bifid at
the apex. Capsule globose, crowned, dehiscing at the apex at
the cells. Seeds numerous, small, angular, inserted on fungous
placentas, which are fixed to the middle dissepiment.
81 Ano'tis. Limb of calyx 4-toothed (f. 96. a.), permanent.
Corolla salver-shaped (f. 96. b.), with a 4-lobed limb, and an
almost glabrous throat. Anthers inclosed or exserted (f. 96. c.).
Stigma somewhat 2-lobed (f. 96. e.). Capsule ovate, crowned,
dehiscing at the cells at the apex. Seeds 4-8 in each cell, rather
angular.
82 Rachica'elis. Limb of calyx 4-lobed, furnished with 1-3
teeth between each of the lobes. Corolla with a long terete
tube, a short spreading 4-lobed limb, and a beardless throat.
Anthers at the throat inclosed. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule sub-
didymous, dehiscing at the cells, crowned. Seeds angular, 8-20
in each cell.
83 Lu'cya. Limb of calyx divided into 4 bifid teeth, perma-
nent. Corolla with a very short tube and a 4-lobed limb. Stamens
shorter than the corolla. Style short, bifid. Capsule globose,
didymous, dehiscing at the cells and near the dissepiment ;
hence it is somewhat 8-valved at the top. Seed 2 in each cell,
ex Spreng., 5-6, ex Rich.
84 ? Polypre'mum. Limb of calyx 4-parted. Corolla with
a very short tube, a bearded throat, and a 4-lobed limb. Sta-
mens 4, inclosed. Style undivided. Capsule ovate, compressed,
dehiscing at the cells. Placentas oblong, adnate to the bottom
of the dissepiment. Seeds numerous, very minute, angular.
Tribe IV.
Isertie'.e. Fruit drupaceous (f. 97. g.), composed of from 2
to 6 many seeded pyrence or coccula (f. 97./.). Albumen fleshy.
— Shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite. Stipulas interpeiiolar.
85 Meta'bolos. Limb of calyx 4, rarely 5-cleft. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a 4, rarely 5-parted limb. Stamens 4-5,
inserted in the throat of the corolla. Stigma bifid or quad-
rifid. Berry dry, crowned, divisible into 2-4 coccula. Seeds
angular, fixed to the prominent placentas. — Suffrutescent herbs.
86 Gonza'lea. Limb of calyx 4-lobed. Corolla funnel-
shaped or salver- shaped, villous outside ; with a long cylindri-
cal tube, and a hairy or downy throat. Stamens 4, inclosed.
Stigmas usually 4, adpressed to each other. Berry of 3-4
pyrenae. Seeds angular, dotted, minute.
87 Ise'rtia. Limb of calyx 4-6-toothed (f. 97. a.). Corolla
with a long tube (f. 97. b.), 6-lobed at the apex (f. 97. c.),
woolly inside, having the recesses between the lobes drawn out
into crests. Stamens 6, inclosed (f. 97. d.). Stigmas stellate.
Berry globose (f. 97. g.), crowned (f. 97. /«.), composed of 6 tri-
quetrous pyrenae (f. 97. /.).
Tribe V.
Hamelie'^e. Fruit baccate, many celled (f. 98./. h.) ; cells
many seeded. Albumen fleshy. — Shrubs or trees, with opposite
or verticillate leaves, and interpeiiolar stijmlas.
88 Tefe'sia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed : teeth unequal. Co-
rolla unknown. Berry oblong, crowned, 4-celled. Seeds nume-
rous, imbedded in the pulp.
89 Evo'smia. Limb of calyx very short, 4-toothed (f. 98. a.).
Corolla subrotate (f. 98. e.), 4-cleft. Stamens 4, inserted in the
throat (f. 98. b.) ; anthers ovate, inclosed, or nearly so. Stigma
thick or 4-lobed. Fruit crowned (f. 98. g.), 4-celled (f. 98. h.)
90 Sabi'cea. Limb of calyx 4-5-parted. Corolla salver-
shaped, w'ith a long slender tube, a 4-5-parted limb, and a hairy
throat. Stamens 4-5, inclosed, or nearly so. Style 4-5-lobed at
the apex. Berry globose, crowned, 4-5-celled.
91 Olo'styla. Limb of calyx very short, 5-toothed. Co-
rolla subrotate, with a short tube, which is pilose inside, and 4
reflexed lobes. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat ; anthers
linear, exserted. Style undivided. Berry crowned, 4-celled.
92 Axa'nthes. Flowers usually dioecious. Calyx with a
quite entire border. Corolla rotate, with a short cylindrical
tube, having 5 fascicles of hairs in the throat ; lobes spreading.
Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, hardly exserted. Stigma 5-
lobed. Berry globose, crowned, 5-celled. Placentas fleshy.
3 n 2
460
RUBIACEiE.
93 Urophy'llum. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a bearded throat and a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5,
shorter than the limb ; anthers linear. Stigma 5-lobed ? Ova-
rium crowned by a glandular disk. Berry globose, 5-celled.
94 Hame'lia. Limb of calyx 5-lobed (f. 99. a.). Corolla
with a somewhat pentagonal tube, and a small 5-lobed hardly
spreading limb (f. 99. c.). Stamens 5, inserted in the tube
(f. 99. 6.) ; anthers oblong-linear (f. 99. /.), inclosed. Stigma
pentagonal (f. 99. e.j. Berry oval, 5-celled (f. 99. d.).
95 Alibe'rtia. Flowers unisexual. Calyx tubular, 5-tooth-
ed. Corolla tubular, with a 5-parted spreading limb. Stamens
5, nearly sessile, inserted in the tube ; anthers linear, inclosed.
Style undivided in the male flowers, but crowned by a 5-lobed
stigma in the female flowers. Berry globose, depressed, crowned,
5-celled. Seeds wrapped in thin pulp.
96 Schrade'ra. Limb of calyx truncate or subdenticulated.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, a dilated pilose throat,
and a 5-8-lobed spreading limb, each lobe usually furnished
on the inside with a retrograde callous tooth. Anthers 5-8,
linear, nearly sessile, inserted in the throat, hardly exserted.
Stigma bifid or quadrifid. Berry pea-formed, 3- 4-sided, crowned,
2-4-celled. Seeds imbedded in the pulp.
97 Brigno'lia. Limb of calyx 4-toothed; teeth unequal.
Corolla with a short tube, and a 6-lobed limb, which is very
hairy inside as well as the throat. Stamens 6, inserted in the
tube ; anthers linear. Stigma capitate, undivided. Fruit glo-
bose, fleshy, crowned.
98 Patima. Limb of calyx tubular, with a sinuated, very
short, 5-toothed border. Corolla tubular, 5-parted, densely
clothed with silky down inside. Stamens 5, inserted in the
tube ; anthers oblong-cordate, inclosed. Style undivided. Berry
roundish, crowned, 4-6, but usually 5-celled. Seeds fixed to
a fleshy, 2-lobed placenta.
99 Polyphra'gmon. Limb of calyx entire or 5-toothed.
Corolla salver-shaped, bristly, with a terete tube, and a 10-
parted limb. Stamens 10, inserted in the middle of the tube;
anthers linear, inclosed. Stigmas numerous. Berry globose,
1 0-20-celled, wdth 1 series of seeds in each cell.
100 More'eia. Limb of calyx erect, nearly entire. Corolla
short, tubular, with a 5-parted limb, which is imbricate in aes-
tivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, exserted ; anthers
linear. Style fusiform towards the apex ; stigma bifid. Fruit
fleshy, 4-5-celled; cells 2-3-seeded.
B. Cells of fruit usually 1 -seeded, rarely 2-seeded.
Tribe VI.
Cordie'rete. Fruit baccate, of many cells; cells 1 -seeded.
Differs from the neighbouring tribes in the cells being seeded.
Shrubs with opposite. leaves, and broad interpetiolar stipulas.
101 Tiucaly'sia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
102 Cordie'ra. Flowers unisexual.
Tribe VII.
Guettarda'ce.®. Fruit drupaceous (f. 101. d. f. 103./.)
composedof 2-5 \-seededpyrence or nutslf. 103. g.). Seeds terete ’
elongated, usually erect. Albumen fleshy. — Shrubs or small trees.
Leaves usually opposite, rarely 3 in a whorl, with interpetiolar
stipulas.
Subtribe I. Mori'nde.e. Flowers and fruit congregated, or
joined together into a head.
103 Mori'nda. Character the same as that of the subtribe.
Subtribe II. Guetta'rde^e. Flowers distinct, not concrete.
104 Myrmeco'dia. Limb of calyx tubular: with an entire
border. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-cleft, the throat closed from
arched scales or hairs. Stigma simple (Jack.), or quadrifid
(Blum.). Drupe baccate, composed of 4 triquetrous pyrenae.
105 Hydnophy'tum. Limb of calyx entire. Corolla with a
short tube, hairy inside, and a flat, 4-lobed limb. Stamens 4,
inserted in the throat. Stigma 2-lobed. Drupe succulent, con-
taining 2-pyrenae.
106 Hypoba'thrum. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla
small, subcampanulate, with a villous throat, and a 4-cleft spread-
ing limb. Stamens 4, inserted in the mouth of the tube.
Stigma bifid. Drupe crowned, 2-celled ; cells containing 2
pyrenae.
107 Nerte'ra. Limb of calyx small, 4-toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, sub-campanulate, 4-lobed (f. 100. b.) glabrous
inside. Stamens rising from the bottom of the corolla (f. 100.
c.), adnate to the tube ; anthers roundish, hardly exserted.
Stigmas 2 (f. 100 d.), hairy. Berry roundish, umbilicate, con-
taining 2-4 pyrenae. Herbscreeping.
108 Mitche'lla. Limb of calyx large, 4-toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a terete tube : having the throat as well as
the lobes hairy inside. Stamens adhering to the tube almost
to the throat ; anthers ovate, hardly exserted. Stigmas 4, in-
closed. Berry nearly globose, crowned, containing 4 pyrenae.
Creeping herbs.
109 Mephiti'dia. Limb of calyx 3-6-parted or toothed.
Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-6-cleft, usually hairy. Stamens 4-6,
inserted towards the throat ; anthers linear, exserted, or inclosed.
Stigmas 4-9. Drupe baccate, crowned, containing 4-9 pyrenae.
110 Vangue'ria. Limb of calyx spreading, 5-toothed, de-
ciduous. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft, hairy in the throat ;
lobes reflexed. Stamens 5 ; anthers oblong, hardly exserted.
Stigma capitate. Berry apple-formed, containing 5 pyrenae.
111 Guettarda. Limb of calyx permanent or deciduous,
truncate or irregularly toothed (f. 101. a.j. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a cylindrical tube (f. 101. c.), and a 4-9-lobed
limb (f. 101. b.). Anthers 4-9, inserted in the throat, sessile,
inclosed. Stigma capitate, rarely 2-lobed. Drupe crowned
(f. 101. d.), containing a 4-9-celled angular putamen (f. 101.
e.) ; cells 1-seeded.
112 Mala'nea. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla small,
nearly rotate, with a very short tube, and a 4-lobed spreading
limb. Stamens exserted ; anthers roundish. Drupe dry, crowned,
containing a 2-celled putamen ; cells 1-seeded.
RUBIACEiE.
461
113 Antirhce'a. Limb of calyx campanulate, 4-toothed.
Corolla tubular, 4-cleft. Anthers nearly sessile in the throat,
not exserted. Stigma bifid. Drupe sub-baccate, crowned, con-
taining a 2-celled putamen ; cells 1 -seeded.
114 Stenostomum. Limb of calyx small, 5-toothed. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, having the tube widened at the throat, and a
5-lobed limb. Anthers 5, oblong, hardly exserted. Stigma 2-
lobed. Drupe ovate-oblong, crowned, containing a 2-celled pu-
tamen ; cells 1-seeded.
115 Chio'ne. Limb of calyx repandly 5-toothed. Corolla
tubular, short, 5-lobed. Stamens inserted in the top of the tube.
Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit olive-formed, rather fleshy, containing a
2-celled bony nut ; cells 1-seeded.
116 Timo'nius. Limb of calyx tubular, truncate, 2-6-toothed.
Corolla tubular, salver-shaped, with a 4-6-parted spreading limb,
and a naked throat Stamens 4, almost sessile, inserted in the
upper part of the tube ; anthers 4, oblong-heart-shaped. Stig-
mas 2, digitately 5-cleft. Drupe globose, crowned, containing
7-25 bony 1-seeded nuts.
117 Hamiltonia. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with along tube (f. 102. 6.), and a 5-lobed limb (f. 102.
c.). Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, inclosed. Stigma 5-
cleft. Capsule crowned, dehiscing at the apex, containing 5
1-seeded pyrenae.
118 Leptode'rmis. Calyx inclosed by a 2-leaved calyci-
form involucrum ; limb 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-shaped, sca-
brous, with a terete tube, which is pilose inside, and a 5-lobed
cuspidate limb. Stamens 5, very short, inclosed. Stigma 5-cleft.
Fruit 5-celled, 5-seeded?
119 Psathu'ra. Limb of calyx campanulate, 5-6-toothed.
Corolla bearded inside, with a short tube, and a 5-6-lobed
spreading limb. Anthers 5-6, nearly sessile in the throat.
Stigma 5-6-lobed. Berry globose, crowned, containing 6
pyrenae.
120 Myonima. Limb of calyx small, bluntly 8-toothed.
Corolla with a short tube, and a 4-parted limb. Stamens 4 ;
anthers oblong, exserted. Stigmas 4, approximate. Berry glo-
bose, not crowned, containing 4 pyrenae.
121 Pyro'stria. Limb of calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla sub-
campanulate, 4-5-cleft ; throat tomentose. Stamens 4-5, hardly
exserted. Stigma capitate, bifid. Fruit pear-shaped, not
crowned, containing 4-8 bony nuts.
122 Octa'via. Limb of calyx hardly any, truncate. Corolla
unknown. Ovarium crowned by a fleshy disk, which is per-
forated in the middle. Drupe fleshy, globose, not crowned, con-
taining 8 pyrenae.
123 Litosa'nthes. Limb of calyx small, 4-toothed. Co-
rolla globose, with a villous throat, and a short, spreading 4-
i cleft limb. Stamens 4, inclosed ; anthers linear. Stigma 4-
toothed. Drupe succulent, obovate, umbonate, containing 4 nuts.
124 Eri'thalis. Limb of calyx short, with a 5-10-toothed
border. Corolla rotate, without a tube, 5-10-parted. Stamens
5-10, hardly adnate to the corolla at the base; anthers linear.
Stigma bilamellate. Drupe globose, crowned, containing 5-10
pyrenae.
125 Retiniphy'llum. Limb of calyx 5 -cleft. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a terete tube and a 5-lobed spreading limb. Sta-
mens 5, exserted ; anthers oblong. Stigma undivided. Drupe
globose, crowned, containing 5 nuts.
126 Nonate'lia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a somewhat gibbous tube, and a 5-lobed limb.
Stamens 5, almost inclosed. Stigmas 2. Drupe globose,
crowned, containing 5 nuts.
127 Gynochtodes. Limb of calyx short, quite entire. Co-
rolla 4-5-parted, villous inside ; lobes connivent below and
spreading above, each furnished with an inflexed point at the
apex. Stamens 4-5, inclosed, inserted in the base of the corolla.
Stigma bifid, warted. Drupe globose, umbilicate, containing
4 pyrenae.
128 Ccelospe'rmum. Limb of calyx quite entire, deciduous.
Corolla with a short tube, and a 4-6-cleft, spreading limb.
Stamens 4-5, exserted, inserted in the throat ; anthers linear,
incumbent. Stigma bifid. Drupe globose, umbilicate, contain-
ing 4 pyrenae.
129 Ancyla'nthus. Limb of calyx 5-parted (f. 103. a.).
Corolla tubular (f. 103. b.), incurved ; limb regular, 5-cleft (f.
103. c.) ; lobes cuspidate. Anthers 5, sessile in the throat
(f. 103. e.). Stigma 5-lobed (f. 103. d.). Fruit 5-celled (f. 103.
g.) ; cells 1-seeded.
130 Phalla'ria. Calyx with a globose tube, and an acutely
5-toothed limb. Corolla tubular, 5-cleft ; lobes spreading or
reflexed. Anthers 5, ovate, at the throat. Style filiform, crowned
hy an elongated thick stigma. Ovarium 2-seeded.
131 Hyla'cium. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a long tube and 5 roundish reflexed lobes. Anthers
5, almost sessile in the throat. Style thick at the base, 5-fur-
rowed. Stigma cylindrical, 5-furrowed. Drupe dry, contain-
ing a 2-celled rugged nut : one of the cells usually abortive.
132 Cuvie'ra. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla campanulate,
5-cleft, spinescent at the apex. Anthers 5, at the throat, in-
closed. Stigma dilated, with a reflexed margin. Fruit baccate,
5-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
133 Don'idsia. Limb of calyx very short, hardly 5-toothed.
Corolla with a short broad tube, beset with a row of stiff'
retrograde hairs inside, and a 5-lobed limb. Style tumid in the
middle, and hispid. Ovarium 1-celled ? many seeded.
134 Stigma'nthus. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with
a long tube and a 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5; anthers reflexed.
Stigma large. Berry dry, tubercular, compressed, 1-celled.
Seeds numerous, bony.
135 Stru'mpfia. Limb of calyx campanidate, 5-cleft beyond
the middle. Corolla somewhat campanulate, profoundly 5-cleft,
with hardly any tube. Stamens 5, inserted in the base of the
tube of the corolla, connate. Stigma bifid. Drupe pea-formed,
umbilicate, containing a 2-celled globose nut, rarely 1-celled.
136 Billio'tia. Limb of calyx 5-7-parted. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a 5-7-parted limb, and the throat bearded by
bristles inside. Stamens 5-7, adnate to the tube. Ovarium
covered by a nectariferous urceolus at the apex. Style 1,
crowned by 4 stigmas. Drupe 1-seeded by abortion.
462
RUBIACEiE.
Tribe VIII.
P.ederie'te. Fruit 2-celled, indehiscent, hardly fleshy, the
rind easily separated from the seeds or carpels. Carpels com-
pressed, 1-seedcd (f. 104. f), hanging from a filiform axis. Al-
bumen fleshy. — Climbing shrubs, with opposite leaves, and in-
terpetiolar stipulas.
137 Lygodyso'dea. Limb of calyx 5-tootbed (f. 104. a.).
Corolla having the tube much longer than the teeth of the calyx
(f. 104. b.), with a hairy throat and a 5-lobed limb (f. 104. c.) ;
lobes revolute. Anthers sessile within the tube (f. 104. e.).
Stigmas 2, slender (f. 104. d.). Fruit indehiscent, crowned (f.
104. g.), containing 2 carpella.
138 Leco'ntea. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a
longish terete tube, a 5-parted limb, and a naked throat. Anthers
almost sessile in the throat, exserted. Stigmas 2, linear. Fruit
containing 2 winged carpella.
139 PjEde'ria. Limb of calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, hairy inside, 5-lobed, plicate in aestivation. An-
thers 5, almost sessile in the middle of the tube. Stigma bifid.
Berry 2-celled, 2-seeded, with the bark at length brittle.
Tribe IX.
Coffea'ce®. Fruit 2-celled (f. 105. Ic. f. 107. c.), baccate,
containing 2 1-seeded bony nuts (f. 107. d.), which are flat inside,
and usually marked by a f urrow on the outside ; rarely only con-
taining 1 nut from abortion. Albumen horny. — Trees or shrubs,
with opposite leaves. Stipulas interpetiolar, 2 on each side,
combined or distinct.
Subtuibe I. Coffee'®. Flowers distinct, not joined together.
140 Amaraca'rpus. Limb of calyx 4-cleft, unequal. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a villous throat, and a deeply 4-cleft limb.
Stamens 4, inserted in the throat. Stigma 2-lobed. Drupe
crowned.
141 Damnaca'nthus. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla
unknown. Berry globose, crowmed.
142 Ca'nthium. Limb of calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla with
a short tube, a bearded throat, and a 4-5-lobed spreading limb.
Stigma undivided, globose or mitre-formed. Berry globose or
didymous, crowned.
143 Plectro'nia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla short,
funnel-shaped, with a 5-parted limb and a bearded throat :
lobes reflexed. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, a little ex-
serted. Stigma bilamellate, subcapitate. Berry nearly dry,
naked at the apex, emarginate, compressed, didymous.
144 Psy'drax. Limb of calyx 5-toothed, deciduous. Corolla
with a short tube, a hairy throat, and a 5-lobed reflexed limb.
Stamens inclosed. Style exserted ; stigma bilamellate. Berry
fleshy, obovate, areolate at the apex.
145 Marqui'sia. Limb of calyx short, acutely 5-parted.
Corolla with a short tube, a glabrous throat, and a 5-lobed
spreading limb. Anthers 5, ovate, sessile at the throat. Stigmas
4-6. Berry ovate, fleshy, crowned.
146 Nesci'dia. Limb of calyx hardly any, quite entire.
Corolla with a short tube, a 5-cleft limb, and a naked throat.
Stamens 5, inclosed, nearly sessile, inserted in the throat ; anthers
linear, acute. Stigmas 2, face to face. Ovarium 2-celled.
147 Diplo'spora. Limb of calyx subcampanulate, 4-toothed.
Corolla with a broad tube, a pilose throat, and a 4-lobed spread-
ing limb. Stigma bifid. Ovarium 2-celled. Fruit unknown.
1 48 Epithi'nia. Limb of calyx cylindrical, hardly 4-toothed.
Corolla tubular, with a spreading 4-parted acute limb, and a
villous throat. Stamens 4, exserted ; anthers linear. Style
exserted : stigma bifid. Berry 8-furrowed.
149 Siderode'ndron. Limb of calyx hardly any, somewhat
4-toothed. Corolla with a long terete tube, a 4-lobed obtuse limb,
and a glabrous throat. Anthers 4, oblong, sessile at the throat.
Style bifid at the apex. Berry dry, subglobose, not crowned.
150 Euma'cfiia. Limb of calyx 4-toothed, deciduous. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with a short tube, a naked throat, and a
4-parted spreading limb. Stamens 4, inserted at the bottom of
the tube ; anthers oblong, inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry glo-
bose, not crowned.
151 Declieu'xia. Limb of calyx 4-parted (f. 105. b.). Co-
rolla funnel-shaped (f. 105. g.), with a terete tube (f. 105./.),
a bearded throat, and a 4-lobed reflexed limb. Stamens 4,
inserted in the throat ; anthers linear, incumbent, exserted (f.
105. e.). Stigma bifid (f. 105. c.). Berry nearly dry, some-
what didymous, compressed (f. 105. k.), crowned (f. 105. b.).
152 Tertre'a. Limb of calyx 4-parted. Corolla short,
funnel-shaped, 4-cleft ; lobes spreading ; throat beset with long
hairs. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the tube, exserted.
Style inclosed : stigmas 2. Drupe oblong, compressed, crowned.
153 Chioco'cca. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with an obconical tube or throat, and a 5-lobed acute
limb. Stamens 5, downy, hardly adnate at the bottom of the
corolla ; anthers linear, inclosed. Style clavate or 2-lobed at
the apex. Berry somewhat didymous, compressed, crowned.
154 Marga'ris. Limb of calyx somewhat turbinate, semi-
quinquifid. Corolla funnel-shaped, with an obconical tube,
which is bluntly 5-toothed or 5-lobed at the apex. Stamens in-
serted into the middle of the tube, inclosed ; anthers ovate.
Stigma undivided or somewhat 2-lobed. Berry globose, crowned.
155 Sardinia. Limb of calyx somewhat campanulate, obso-
letely repand. Corolla with a short tube, an acute 4-parted
limb, and a hairy throat. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat, hardly
exserted; anthers oblong, nearly sessile. Fruit ovoid, com-
pressed, crowned, drupaceous, 1-celled and 1-seeded by abor-
tion, small.
156 Scolosa'nthus. Lobes of calyx 4, linear-lanceolate.
Corolla tubular, tetragonal before expansion. Stamens adnate
to the lower part of the tube, downy, not exserted ; anthers
linear. Stigmas 2. Drupe nearly globose, crowned, containing
a 2-celled 2-seeded nut.
157 Chome'lia. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a long slender tube, a glabrous throat, and a 4-
lobed limb. Anthers 4, almost sessile in the throat. Style bifid
at the apex, situated among the anthers. Drupe ovate, crowned,
containing a 2-celled 2-seeded nut.
158 Baconia. Limb of calyx bluntly 4-cleft. Corolla fun-
RUBIACEiE.
463
nel-shaped, with a short terete tube, a bearded throat, and 4
oblong lobes, which are longer than the tube, and twisted in
aestivation. Anthers 6, linear, almost sessile, exserted. Style
exserted. Stigma undivided. Berry dry, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
159 Ixora. Limb of calyx small, 4- toothed (f. 106. a.).
Corolla salver-shaped (f. 106. b.), with a slender terete tube (f.
106. d.), and a 4-parted spreading limb (f. 106. b.). Anthers
4, almost sessile in the throat. Style bifid (f. 106. e .) at the
apex, equal in length to the corolla or a little longer. Berry
drupaceous, crowned, nearly globose.
160 Pavf/tta. All as in Ixora, but differs in the style being
exserted beyond the corolla, and clavate, undivided, or hardly
bifid at the apex.
161 Sapro'sma. Limb of calyx small, 4-toothed. Corolla
4-cleft, with a hairy throat. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat.
Stigma bifid. Berry oval, smooth, umbilicate, crowned, 1-seeded.
162 Coussa'rea. Limb of calyx tubular, sinuately 4-toothed.
Corolla with an elongated terete tube, which is hardly subtumid
under the apex, and a glabrous throat. Stamens 4, inserted in
the upper part of the tube, inclosed ; anthers oblong-linear.
Stigma bipartite, hardly exserted. Berry ovate-globose, hardly
fleshy, crowned, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
163 Polyozus. Limb of calyx obsoletely denticulated, deci-
duous. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, which is shorter than
the 4-5 lobes of the limb, and a villous throat. Anthers hardly
exserted. Style short ; stigma bifid. Berry drupaceous, nearly
globose, not crowned.
164 Grumilea. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla and sta-
mens unknown. Berry crowned, ovate-globose, rather coriace-
ous, 2 rarely 3-celled.
165 Rutidea. Limb of calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with a terete tube and a 5-lobed spreading limb.
Anthers oblong, sessile in the throat, exserted. Style clavate
at the apex ; stigmas 2, adnate. Berry nearly dry, globose,
crowned, 1-celled, 1-seeded by abortion.
166 Fara'mea. Limb of calyx very short, 4-toothed, or
entire. Corolla with a short terete tube, a naked throat, and 4
spreading oblong or linear lobes. Anthers 4, sessile, inclosed.
Style short, bifid at the apex. Berry dry, marked by 8 crenae
at the apex, 1-celled by abortion at maturity.
167 Strempe'lia. Limb of calyx campanulately tubular, 4-
5-toothed. Corolla tubular, with a 4-5-parted spreading limb,
and a naked throat. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube,
pilose in the free part ; anthers linear, inclosed. Fruit ovoid,
crowned.
168 Coffe'a. Limb of calyx small, 4-5-toothed (f. 107. a.).
Corolla tubular, funnel-shaped, with a 4-5-parted spreading
limb (f. 107. b.). Stamens 4-5, inserted in the middle of the
upper part of the tube, exserted or inclosed. Style bifid at the
apex. Berry umbilicate (f. 107. h.), not crowned.
169 Antheru'ra. All as in Psychotria, but differs in the
corolla being rotate and 5-parted ; in the anthers being sagit-
tate at the base and caudate at the apex ; in the style being subu-
late, and longer than the corolla, and in the stigma being simple.
170 Rona'bea. Limb of calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla
ohlong, somewhat funnel-shaped, with 5 spreading acute lobes,
and a naked throat. Anthers 5, oblong, inclosed. Stigma bi-
lamellate. Berry ovate, umbilicate.
171 Psychotria. Limb of calyx 5-lobed or 5-toothed.
Corolla funnel-shaped, short, 5-cleft; limb spreading or re-
curved ; throat bearded or glabrous. Stamens 5 : anthers ex-
serted or inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry drupaceous, crowned.
172 Antonia. Calyx having the tube clothed with imbricate
scales and a 5-cleft limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a
bearded throat and a 5-parted limb. Stigma ovate, bifid. Berry
2-celled.
173 Palicou'rea. All as in Psychotria, except the corolla,
which is tubular and cylindrical, and a little gibbous at the base
or curved, 5-cleft, bearded beneath the middle inside. The
teeth of the calyx, and the lobes of the corolla, sometimes rather
unequal.
174 Chasa'lia. Limb of calyx urceolate, rather tubular,
entire or 5-toothed at the apex. Corolla with an elongated
equal tube, and 5 short acutish erect or spreading lobes. Anthers
5, inserted in the mouth or top of the tube, inclosed or a little
exserted. Stigmas 2. Berry ovate, crowned, hardly dry.
175 Ja'ckia. Limb of calyx unilateral, trifid at the apex.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a filiform tube and a campanulate 5-
parted limb. Anthers a little exserted, filiform, sessile at the
throat. Style exserted, pilose in the middle ; stigma ovate, glo-
bose, longitudinally furrowed.
Subtribe II. Cephjeli'dejE. Flowers disposed in heads, in'
volucrated by bracteas.
176 Cephas'lis. Limb of calyx very short, 5-toothed. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with 5 small lobes. Anthers inclosed. Stigma
bifid, usually exserted. Berry obovate-oblong, crowned, 2-
celled, 2-seeded. Shrubs and herbs.
177 Carapi'chea. All as in Cephcelis, but the anthers and
stigmas are a little exserted. Berry dry, salcate, divisible into
two parts, crowned. The nuts are smooth on the outside, not
as in Ceplice'lis striated on the outside.
17S Sute'ria. Limb of calyx tubular, angular, 5 times
longer than the ovarium, with an unequally 5-toothed border.
Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete tube and a naked throat.
Anthers sessile, inclosed. Stigma bilamellate. Fruit 2-celled,
2-seeded.
179 Geo'phila. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubular,
with a pilose throat, and 5 rather recurved lobes. Anthers 5,
inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry ovoid, angular, crowned, 2-
celled, 2-seeded. — Herbs.
180 Pata'bea. Limb of calyx very short, entire, or 4-tooth-
ed, rarely 5-6-toothed. Corolla with a short, nearly terete
tube, and 4-6 spreading lobes. Anthers 4-6, sessile within the
throat. Stigma bluntly bifid. Berry globose, crowned, smooth,
2-celled, 2-seeded.
181 Salzma'nnia. Limb of calyx bluntly 4-toothed or sinu-
ated. Corolla with a short tube and a 4-lobed limb. Stamens
with very short filaments, and very long linear anthers. Style
undivided. Berry dry, crowned, compressed, 1-celled and 1-
seeded from abortion.
464
RUBIACE7E.
Tribe X.
Spermacoce®:. Stigma bilamellate (f. 189. b.). Fruit dry,
and rather fleshy, usually composed of 2 1 -seeded mericarps,
rarely of 3-4, which are sometimes joined together and sometimes
separating, indehiscent, but sometimes dehiscing in various ways.
Albumen between fleshy and horny. — Shrubs or herbs. Leaves
opposite. Stipulas membranous at the base, and usually divided
into many bristles at the apex.
Subtribe I. Cephala'nthe®:. Flowers and fruit sessile, densely
aggregate, seated on a globose receptacle. Fruit divisible into
two parts. Shrubs.
182 Cephala'nthus. Limb of calyx angular, 4-toothed.
Corolla tubular, slender, with a 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4, short,
inserted in the tube, hardly exserted. Style exserted ; stigma
capitate. Fruit crowned.
Subtribe II. Euspermacoce®:. Flowers distinct. Fruit dry,
usually divisible into 2 parts, and sometimes in 3 or 4 parts. —
Usually herbs, rarely shrubs.
183 Democritea. Lobes of calyx 5, lanceolate, acute, stiff.
Corolla, stamens, and style unknown. Fruit 2-celled, 2-seeded
when young, but becoming 1 -celled from the dissepiment having
vanished at maturity. Seeds free within the pericarp. — A
shrub.
184 O'ctodon. Limb of calyx with 8 very short teeth.
Corolla campanulate, 4- cleft, beset with adpressed hairs inside,
which are tipped with glands. Stamens inserted in the bottom
of the tube. Stigma globular. Capsule turbinate, obsoletely
tetragonal, 2-celled, 2-valved, dehiscing at the dissepiment.
185 Borre'ria. Limb of calyx 2-4-toothed. Corolla salver-
shaped or funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. Stamens 4, exserted or in-
closed. Stigma bifid or undivided. Capsule crowned, 2-celled,
dehiscing at the dissepiment when mature ; coccula bursting by
a longitudinal chink inside.
186 Spermacoce. Limb of calyx 2-4-toothed (f. 108. a.),
with sometimes accessory teeth. Corolla salver-shaped or fun-
nel-shaped, 4-lobed (f. 108. c.). Stigma bifid or undivided (f.
108. e.). Capsule crowned (f. 108. _/.), 2-celled : nuts divisible
into two parts from the apex, one open and the other closed.
187 Hexase'palum. Limb of calyx 6-parted. Corolla cam-
panulately funnel-shaped, with an obconical tube and 4 lanceo-
late lobes. Stamens 4, shorter than the lobes of the corolla.
Fruit oblong, dry, divisible into two parts at the dissepiment ;
the dissepiment being double the nuts are both closed.
188 Diodia. Calyx with a 2-4-toothed limb, rarely more.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 4-lobed limb. Stamens 4, exserted
or inclosed. Style bifid or undivided. Fruit crowned, divisible
into two parts : the parts indehiscent.
189 Triodon. Limb of calyx 2-4-toothed, with sometimes
other accessory teeth. Corolla short, funnel-shaped, 4-cleft.
Stigma bifid. Capsule papery, crowned, 2-celled : nuts 2, in-
dehiscent, having the axis tridentate and remaining after the nuts
have fallen.
190 Cru'sea. Limb of calyx constricted above the ovarium,
profoundly cleft into 4 linear lobes, and 4 accessory small ones.
Corolla salver-shaped, with a long tube, a glabrous throat, and
4-lobed limb. Stamens exserted. Style exserted, bifid at the
apex. Fruit of 2 indehiscent nuts, adhering to a flat membra-
nous permanent axis, but at length separating from it.
191 Richardsonia. Limb of calyx of 4-7 unequal teeth.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with an obconical tube, and a 3-5-lobed
spreading limb. Stamens 3-5, exserted. Style 3-4 cleft at the
apex. Capsule crowned at first, containing 3-4 1 -seeded mem-
branous indehiscent nuts. Seeds peltate.
192 Kno'xia. Teeth of calyx 4, unequal. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a terete tube, a usually bearded throat, and a 4-
lobed limb. Anthers at the throat. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit
2-celled : the 2 nuts usually separating from the base to the apex
at the dissepiment. Seed ovate-triquetrous.
193 Psylloca'rpus. Limb of calyx 8-toothed, unequal.
Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube bearded at the throat,
and an acutish 4-lobed limb. Anthers 4, inclosed. Stigma 2-
lobed. Capsule crowned, compressed from the back of the
carpels, 2-celled: dissepiment parallel with the valves. — Small
shrubs.
194 Mitraca'rpum. Limb of calyx 4-toothed; teeth un-
equal. Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete tube, having a cir-
cular line of hairs near the base inside, a glabrous throat, and a
4-lobed limb. Anthers exserted or inclosed. Stigma bifid.
Capsule membranous, crowned, 2-celled, circumcised about the
middle.
195 Crucksha'nksia. Limb of calyx 4-toothed: teeth
usually having an accessory tooth on each side, 1 or 2 of which
are usually expanded into roundish wings. Corolla salver-
shaped, with an elongated tube, a 5-cleft spreading limb, and a
glabrous throat. Stamens 5, exserted, inserted in the mouth of
the corolla. Anthers linear-oblong, fixed by the base. Stigma
bifid, pilose. Capsule globose, subdidymous, crowned, 2-
celled, 4-valved : cells 2-seeded. Seed obovate, tubercular.
196 St®:‘lia. Teeth of calyx 2, subulate. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a slender tube, and a 4-lobed acute limb. Stamens 4,
exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule crowned, membranous, 2-
celled, 2-valved : dissepiment entire, permanent.
197 Tessie'ra. Limb of calyx 4-lobed: lobes unequal.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a glabrous throat, and a 4-lobed
limb. Stamens exserted a little. Stigma 2-lobed ? Capsule
crowned, 2-celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment entire, deciduous.
198 Gaillonia. Limb of calyx 5-7-toothed ; teeth unequal.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, and a 5-7-lobed
limb. Stamens 5-7, exserted from the throat. Style filiform ;
stigma 2-lobed. Fruit ovoid, containing 2 separable indehiscent
nuts.
199 Machaonia. Limb of calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla
funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, with a short tube, and a villous throat.
Stamens 5, inserted in the throat ; anthers subcordate, exserted.
Stigma bipartite. Capsule somewhat tetragonal, crowned, con-
taining 2 1 -seeded indehiscent nuts, which are fixed to the top
of a linear axis. — Shrubs or trees.
RUBIACE&.
465
Subtribe III. Putorie'.®. Fruit rather fleshy, not divisible.
— Shrubs and herbs.
200 Serissa. Limb of calyx 5, rarely 4-cleft, with some-
times accessory teeth. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube
hairy inside, and the limb 5, rarely 4-parted ; lobes induplicate
in aestivation, hence somewhat trifid at the apex. Stamens 5,
rarely 4; anthers linear, exserted. Style inclosed, bifid at the
apex. Berry nearly globose, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
201 Ernodea. Limb of calyx 4-G-parted, permanent. Co-
rolla salver-shaped, with a terete subtetragonal tube, a naked
throat, and 4-6 lanceolate revolute lobes. Stamens longer than
the corolla ; anthers acute. Style exserted ; stigma emarginate.
Berry roundish, crowned, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
202 Cu'ncea. Limb of calyx small, 4-toothed. Corolla with
a short tube and a 4*cleft limb, having the throat closed with
villi. Anthers 4, linear, sessile, inclosed. Stigma bifid, ex-
serted. Berry 2-celled, 2-seeded, crowned.
203 Hydropiii'lax. Limb of calyx 4-parted (f. 109. a.),
permanent. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 4-lobed (f.
10 9./.). Anthers 4, linear-oblong, sessile, inserted at the throat
(f. 109./.), exserted. Stigma roundish, 2-lobed (f. 109. b.). Berry
dry, angular, lanceolate, crowned, 2-celled (f. 109. c.). Seed
bisulcate inside.
204 Scyphi'phora. Limb of calyx tubular, truncate, nearly
entire. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a spreading limb, having the
tube hairy inside. Stamens 4, exserted ; anthers incumbent,
Stigma bifid. Drupe baccate, crowned, 8-furrowed, containing
2 1 -seeded nuts.
205 Plo'cama. Limb of calyx hardly any, sinuately 5-cleft.
Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, rarely 6-cleft.
Anthers linear, inserted between the lobes of the corolla, sessile.
Stigma thickish. Fruit subbaccate, areolate at the apex,
crowned, 2-3-celled.
206 Putoria. Limb of calyx short, tubular, sinuately 5-
toothed. Corolla salver-shaped, with a long terete tube, a gla-
brous throat, and 4 spreading acutish lobes. Stamens short,
rising from the top of the tube, hardly exserted ; anthers oblong-
linear. Stigma bifid. Berry almost dry, umbilicate, 2-celled.
Tribe XI.
Anthospe'rmeal. Flowers sometimes dioecious. Corolla rotate
(f. 110. b.). Styles 2, separate to the base, ending each in an
elongated plumose stigma (f. 110. c.). Fruit constantly composed
of 2 indehiscent l-seeded mericarps at maturity (f. 110. gfl.), which
are easily separated. Albumen fleshy. — Herbs or subshrubs.
Leaves opposite or in whorles. Stipulas small, 1 -3-toothed,
rather adnate to both sides of the petioles.
207 Caprosma. Limb of calyx 4-7-toothed, short. Corolla
campanulately turbinate, with a short broad tube, a naked throat,
and 4-7 acute lobes. Stamens 4-7. Style nearly bipartite to the
base, pilose, exserted. Berry obovate, pulpy, containing 2-3
bony indehiscent nuts.
208 Phy'llis. Limb of calyx obsolete. Corolla tubular,
with a 5-lobed spreading limb. Stamens 5. Style almost want-
VOL. III.
ing ; stigmas 2. Capsule obovate, compressed, naked at the
apex, divisible into two parts ; mericarps hanging from the cen-
tral axis.
209 Galopina. Flowers hermaphrodite. Limb of calyx very
minute, hardly any. Corolla subrotate, 4-parted. Stamens in-
serted in the bottom of the corolla. Styles 2, ending in very
long pilose stigmas. Fruit didymous ; nuts separable, indehis-
cent, warted.
210 Anthospe'rmum. Flowers dioecious, rarely polygamous
or hermaphrodite. Limb of calyx small, 4-5-toothed (f. 1 10. a.),
deciduous. Corolla with a short tube, and a 4-5-parted limb (f.
110. b.), which is longer than the tube. Stamens 4-5, inserted at
the base of the tube (f. 110. d.); anthers oblong, terete. Stig-
mas 2, very long (f. 110. c.), hairy. Fruit constantly of 2 easily
separated nuts (f. 110./. g.).
211 Ambra'ria. Flowers dioecious, with the same structure
as Anthospermum, but the fruit is falsely 3-4-celled ; mericarps
joined by a concave commissure, hence the central cell is empty,
and the 2 lateral ones filled.
Tribe XII.
Stei.la't/E. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. Corolla
rotate or funnel-shaped ; lobes valvate in cestivation. Styles 2,
distinct from the base, or joined together more or less ; stigmas
capitate. Fruit constantly of 2 indehiscent l-seedcd mericarps.
Seed hardly distinct from the calyx and pericarp. Albumen
horny. — Sometimes subshrubs, but usually herbs. Leaves oppo-
site, bearing buds in the axils, having 1-2 or 3 leaf -formed stipu-
las, on each side, forming whorls along with them. The leaves
are only to be distinguished from the stipulas by being furnished
with axillary buds.
212 Shera'rdia. Limb of calyx 4-6-toothed, permanent.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, and a 4-lobed limb.
Stamens 4. Style one, 2-lobed. Fruit crowned, dry, bipartite.
213 Aspe'rula. Limb very short, 4-toothed, deciduous, or
obsolete. Corolla funnel-shaped, rarely campanulate, 4-cleft,
rarely 3-cleft. Styles 2, joined at the base, and sometimes
nearly to the apex. Fruit didymous, not crowned, almost dry.
214 Cruciane'lla. Limb of calyx none. Corolla tubular,
elongated, funnel-shaped, 4-5-lobed : lobes usually drawn out
into a bristle-like inflexed appendage. Stamens 4-5, inclosed.
Style 2-lobed at the apex. Fruit bipartite, not crowned.
215 Ru'bia. Limb of calyx hardly any. Corolla rotate, 5-
parted. Stamens 5, short. Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous,
globose, baccate, juicy.
216 Ga'lium. Limb of calyx hardly any. Corolla 4-parted
(f. 111. b.), rotate, rarely 3-parted. Stamens 4, short (f. 111. c.).
Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, roundish, dry.
217 Caelipe'ltis. Limb of calyx not perspicuous. Corolla
4-parted, campanulate. Stamens 4, very short. Stigmas 2.
Fruit oblong, somewhat incurved, 1-seeded from one of the
mericarps being abortive.
218 Vailla'ntia. Flowers by threes : the middle one her-
maphrodite and fertile, the 2 lateral ones male, and joined
to the middle one. Limb of calyx denticulated, permanent :
3 O
466
RUBIACE^E. I. Nauclea.
teeth many, irregular, stiff. Corolla of the male flowers trifid,
of the hermaphrodite one quadrifid. Stamens 3-4. Styles in the
female flower 2. Fruit 3-horned.
Tribe XIII.
Opercularie'a:. Fruit 1-celled, '[-seeded, joined together
laterally into a head (f. 112. h.), and at length opening by 2
valves at the apex. — Herbs or subshrubs, with opposite leaves.
Stipulas twin on each side, distinct or concrete.
219 Pomax. Limb of calyx wanting. Corolla 3-4-cleft.
Stamens 1-4. Style short; stigmas 2, slender. Seeds wrinkled
from tubercles. — Suffrutescent herbs.
220 Opercula'ria. Limb of calyx 3-4-lobed. Corolla 3-4
cleft. Stamens 1-5. Style short; stigmas 2, slender. Seeds
nearly smooth. — Herbs suffruticose at the base (f. 112.).
221 Lipo'stoma. Limb of calyx 4-parted. Corolla with a
tubular base, a ventricose throat, and a 4-lobed limb ; tube hairy
inside, bearded at the top. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat.
Stigmas 2. Capsule globose, 2-celled, but usually only 1-celled
from the rupturing of the dissepiment, many seeded, crowned by
a deciduous operculum.
t Rubiaceous genera not sufficiently known.
222 Psieo'bium. Limb of calyx spreading, 5 -parted. Corolla
with a short tube and a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5, fixed to the
base of the corolla. Stigma clavate, 10-winged, exserted.
Fruit cylindrical, silique-formed, crowned, 2-celled, many-seed-
ed. Seeds fixed to the central axis, 2 series in each cell. —
Shrubs.
223 Platyme'rium. Limb of calyx rotate, 5-parted, rarely
4- parted. Corolla coriaceous, funnel-shaped, with a short tube,
which is woolly inside, and a 5, rarely 4-parted limb, which is
twisted in aestivation. Anthers sessile in the tube. Style cla-
vate, spirally 10-ribbed. Ovarium 2-celled, crowned by an
epigynous disk. — Shrub, very nearly allied to Psildbium.
224 Stipula'ria. Calyx small, tubular, with a 5-toothed
border. Corolla tubular, slender. Stamens 5 ? Heads of
flowers axillary, nearly sessile, surrounded by a large calyciform
5- toothed villous involuerum.
225 Benzo'nia. Limb of calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla
tubular, coriaceous, 5-cleft. Anthers triquetrous, sessile in the
throat. Stigma ovate-globose, furrowed longitudinally. Fruit
unknown. — A shrub, with corymbose flowers.
226 Himata'nthus. Calyx with a turbinate tube, and a
loose permanent 5-parted unequal limb. Corolla funnel-shaped,
having the tube much longer than the calyx, and a 5-cleft limb.
Stamens 5, capillary, very short, inserted in the tube. Style
clavate : stigma subulate. Ovarium 2-celled, 2-seeded. — A
tree. Flow-ers spicate, sessile, involucrated by a large deciduous
bractea before expansion. Perhaps belonging to Rubiacece.
227 Sicki'ngia. Calyx 5-toothed, permanent. Corolla cam-
panulate, 5-toothed. Filaments inserted in the middle of the
tube. Anthers exserted. Stigma 1. Capsule woody, 2-valved.
Seeds winged. — A tree, with panicles of sweet-scented flowers.
Perhaps belonging to Rubiacece.
Tribe I.
CINCHONA'CEiE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Cinchona in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 343.
Cinchoneae, Rich. diss. p. 108. Fruit capsular, 2-celled ; cells
many-seeded. Seeds winged. Albumen fleshy. — Trees or
shrubs. Leaves opposite. Stipulas interpetiolar.
Subtribe I. Naucle'ea: (shrubs agreeing with the genus
Nauclea in the globose flowers). D. C. prod. 4. p. 343. Flowers
capitate, sessile upon a globose receptacle (f. 83. e. f. 84. k.)
I. NAU'CLEA (from vavg, naus, a ship, and k\ciw, kleio, to
inclose ; in reference to the hull-shaped half capsule). Lin.
gen. no. 223. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 151. t. 30. Lam. ill. t. 153.
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 117. D. C. prod. 4. p. 343. — Nauclea
species, Juss. Kunth, Blume. — Cephalanthus species. Lin. ed. 1.
Lam. Reich.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong
tube (f. 83. a.), and a short, truncate, or 5-toothed limb (f. 83.
b.) ; lobes linear. Corolla funnel-shaped (f. 83. c.), with a
slender tube, a naked throat, and 5 spreading, oval-oblong lobes
(f. 83. c.). Anthers inclosed (f. 83. g.), or exserted, always
shorter than the lobes of the corolla. Style filiform (f. 83. e.),
exserted ; stigma oblong (f. 83. d.), or ovate, tumid, undivided.
Capsules 2-celled (f. 83. h. i.), sessile upon the receptacle, not
gradually attenuated to the base. Seeds numerous, imbricate,
winged, fixed to oblong placentas, which are adnate to the dis-
sepiment. Embryo inverted in a fleshy albumen. — Unarmed
trees, rarely shrubs, natives of India and Africa. Leaves oppo-
site, or 3-4 in a whorl, petiolate or sessile. Stipulas interpe-
tiolar, deciduous. Peduncles terminal and axillary, each bearing a
globose head of flowers. Bracteas wanting at the base of the head
of flowers, but with linear paleae among the flowers. Flowers
crowded, sessile. This genus differs from Cephalanthus in the
parts of the flowers being quinary, and in the cells of the cap-
sules being many-seeded ; and from Sarcocephalus in the fruit
being capsular, not baccate ; and from Uncaria in the capsules
being sessile, not attenuated at the base.
Sect. I. Nauceea'ria (altered from Nauclea). Lobes of
calyx short, acute, or wanting.
§ 1 . Capsules growing together in the head.
1 N. undula'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 117.) arboreous;
branches brachiate ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, un-
dulated, shining ; stipulas elliptic, obtuse, almost the length of
petioles ; peduncles terminal, solitary; capsules united, Tj . S.
Native of the Moluccas. Peduncles drooping, each bearing a
large globular head of numerous, small, most beautiful yellow
fragrant flowers. Anthers seated in the 5 fissures of the corolla,
with hardly any filaments.
UndulatedAeaxed Nauclea. Fl. May, June. Clt.1820. Tree
20 feet.
2 N. glabe'rrima (Bartl. in herb. Hasnke ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 344.) branches tetragonal ; leaves ovate, glabrous, flat ;
stipulas oval, length of petioles ; peduncles solitary, terminal ;
capsules united. I; . S. Native of the island of Luzon. This
species differs from N. undulata in the leaves not being undu-
lated or shining, in the petioles being 1 inch long, not 2 inches.
The heads are referrible to the fruit of Plat anus, but are smooth.
Quite-glabrcus Nauclea. Tree 12 to 15 feet.
3 N. Walliciiia'na (R. Br. in Wall. cat. 6098.) branches
quadrangular ; leaves broad, roundish-elliptic, obtuse at both
ends, but sometimes cuneated at the base, glabrous : peduncles
terminal, solitarv ; stipulas elliptic, obtuse ; stamens exserted ;
1
RUBIACEAt.
I. Nauclea.
467
fruit combined. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the
banks of rivers.
Wallich's Nauclea. Shrub.
4 N. coaduna'ta (Roxb. in Rees’ cycl. vol. 24. no. 6.)
arborescent; leaves petiolate, broad -ovate, cordate, obtuse, coria-
ceous, smooth ; stipulas obovate ; peduncles terminal, solitary ;
capsules united. P? . S. Native of Ceylon. N. cordata, Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 118. Peduncles drooping, each bearing a large
beautiful globular head of very fragrant bright yellow flowers.
Bractea a small irregularly 4-toothed withering ring, round the
peduncles near the base, within the stipulas. Anthers cordate,
on very short filaments, from the mouth of the tube just under
the fissures of its border.
Coarfunate-capsuled Nauclea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820.
Tree 20 to 30 feet.
5 N. sericea (Wall. cat. no. 6095.) branches tetragonal ;
leaves elliptic, obtuse at both ends, almost sessile, smooth ;
heads terminal by threes : middle one on the shortest peduncle ;
corollas clothed with silky villi. Pj . S. Native of the Burman
empire, on the banks of the Irrawaddi at Henzrava ; and at
Chittagong. Capsules combined.
Silky Nauclea. Shrub.
6 N. Brunonis (Wall. cat. no. 6097.) branches obscurely
tetragonal ; leaves broad, roundish, cordate at the base, smooth
above and pubescent beneath, as well as on the petioles ; pedun-
cles terminal, trichotomously panicled : the middle ones shortest;
stamens exserted ; fruit combined ; stipulas elliptic, obtuse,
pubescent. P? . S. Native of the East Indies, at Plavong.
Brown's Nauclea. Shrub.
7 N. Bartli'ngii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 344.) branches from
compressed to terete ; leaves nearly sessile, cordate at the base,
oblong, acute, shining above, at length glabrous, pubescent be-
neath as well as the branchlets ; stipulas ovate, obtuse, pubes-
cent on the outside, deciduous, longer than the petioles ; pe-
duncles terminal, solitary ; fruit united, rather tomentose. P; .
S. Native of Luzon, near Sorzogon. N. mollis, Bartl. in herb.
Haenke, but not of Blume. Heads size and form of the fruit of
Platanus.
Bartling's Nauclea. Tree 20 feet.
8 N. diversifolia (Wall. cat. no 6096.) branchlets tetra-
gonal ; leaves of various sizes and shapes, but usually elliptic,
obtuse at the apex, and somewhat cordate at the base, smooth,
on longish petioles: peduncles terminal, trichotomously panicled:
the middle one always short ; heads globose ; fruit combined ;
stamens exserted. >2 • S. Native of the East Indies, in various
parts of the Burmese empire.
Diverse-leaved Nauclea. Shrub.
9 N. folyce'phala (Wall. cat. no. 6100.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, long-acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles forming a ter-
minal panicle ; heads small ; fruit combined. Pj • S. Native of
the East Indies, on the mountains of Silhet.
Many-lieaded Nauclea. Shrub.
§ 2. Capsules distinct in the heads.
10 N. macrophy'lla (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 120.) arboreous ;
leaves stem-clasping, very broad, oval, obtuse, villous on the nerves
beneath ; stipulas linear-lanceolate ; peduncles terminal, solitary,
recurved ; capsules distinct. Pj . S. Native of Amboyna.
Trunk of tree straight, like that of a pine or fir. Branches de-
cussate. Leaves 8-24 inches long, and 6-8 inches broad. Pe-
duncles length of the stipulas ; each supporting a head of
numerous, short, beautiful pale yellow sweet-smelling flowers,
which is 3 inches in diameter. Stigmas exserted, pure white.
Placentas to which the seeds are attached linear.
Long-leaved Nauclea. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
11 N. sessilifolia (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 124.) arboreous;
leaves oblong, sessile, rather cordate at the base and clasping
the stem, rounded at the apex ; heads terminal, solitary ; cap-
sules distinct, 4-valved. pj . S. Native of the East Indies, in
the forests of Chittagong. The rest unknown.
Sessile-leaved Nauclea. Tree.
12 N. ovalifolia (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 124.) arboreous;
leaves sessile, oval, or elliptic ; heads of flowers terminal, soli-
tary. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies, in the forests of Silhet,
where it is called Slial by the natives. The rest unknown.
Oval-leaved Nauclea. Tree.
13 N. Cada'mba (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 121.) arboreous, gla-
brous ; branches brachiate ; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, ovate,
obtuse at the base, and acuminated at the apex ; stipulas trian-
gular; peduncles terminal, solitary, usually shorter than the
heads, which are globose ; lobes of calyx linear ; stamens exserted,
shorter than the lobes of the corolla. P? . S. Native of the East
Indies, about Calcutta ; and of Malabar. Katon-jaka, Rheed.
mal. 3. t. 33. and therefore Cephalanthus orientalis, Lin. spec,
ed. 1. p. 95. N. citrifolia, Poir. diet. 4. p. 435. Flowers
orange-coloured, collected into heads about the size of a small
apple (Roxb.). Style white, exserted ; stigma thickish, oblong.
Capsules distinct, 4-celled at top. Seeds not winged. Leaves
5-10 inches long. Kudumba is the native name of the tree. It
is common about Calcutta, where it grows to be a large tree,
and is not only highly ornamental, but very useful from the ex-
tensive close shade it yields.
Cadamba Nauclea. Clt. ? Tree 30 to 40 feet.
14 N. parvifo'lia (Roxb.
cor. 1. p. 40. t. 52. fl. ind. 2.
p. 122.) arboreous, glabrous ;
branches brachiate ; leaves pe-
tiolate, obovate, obtuse, or short
acuminated ; stipulas oval ; pe-
duncles terminal, solitary, or by
threes, when 3 the middle one
is shortest ; heads globose, bi-
bracteate ; limb of calyx trun-
cate. P? . S. Native of the
East Indies, almost every where ;
and is a native of all the coast
of Coromandel, but chiefly in
the mountains and in the Philippines. Ham. in Lin. trans.
15. p. 94. N. parviflora, Pers. encli. 1. p. 202. Wall,
in litt. N. orientalis, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 151. t. 30. exclusive
of the synonymes, ex Ham. Branches numerous, spreading,
forming a large oval shady head. Heads of flowers light yellow,
globular, size of a plum. Anthers on short filaments. Style
much exserted. The wood is of a light chestnut colour, firm
and close grained ; is used for various purposes, where it can
be kept dry, but exposed to wet it soon rots. (f. 83.)
Small-leaved Nauclea. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
15 N. gla'bra (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 121.) leaves elliptic,
smooth ; stipulas linear ; peduncles terminal by threes ; lobes
of calyx triangular ; stigma globose ; cells of capsule 3-4-
seeded. Pj • S. Native of the Moluccas. The leaves, accord-
ing to Blum, bijdr. p. 1009. are oval, bluntish, attenuated at the
base ; and the peduncles are trifid from the falling of the leaves.
Glabrous Nauclea. Tree.
16 N. Missio'nis (Wall. cat. no. 6099.) leaves lanceolate,
glabrous; peduncles terminal, solitary, bracteate at the base;
fruit distinct. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies. N. orientalis,
Herb. Madras. Stipulas lanceolate, acute.
Mission Nauclea. Shrub.
17 N. exce'lsa (Blum, bijdr. 1009.) leaves oval, acute,
rounded at the base, coriaceous, glabrous ; stipulas oblong,
obtuse, pubescent; peduncles terminal by threes (or trifid from
So 2
FIG. 83.
468
RUBIACEiE. I. Nauclea.
the leaves having fallen). Tj . S. Native of Java, in the moun-
tain woods of Seribu and Panang. Said to be allied to N .
glabra. Heads of flowers globose. Fruit sometimes sessile and
sometimes pedicellate, but probably from abortion.
Tall Nauclea. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
18 N. obtu'sa (Blum, bijdr. p. 1009.) leaves obovate-oblong,
obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous, downy in the axils of the veins
beneath ; stipulas oblong, obtuse ; peduncles solitary or by
threes, terminal, length of petioles. ^ • S. Native of Java, in
the woods on Mount Tjerimai.
Obtuse-leaved. Nauclea. Tree.
19 N. stella'ta (Wall. cat. no. 6102.) branches terete,
smooth ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles solitary, ter-
minal, bearing each a globose crowded head of flowers. T? . G.
Native of Cochin-china. Cephalantlius stellatus, Lour. coch.
Flowers apparently red.
Stellate Nauclea. Shrub.
20 N. rotundi folia (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 124.) arboreous;
leaves petiolate, roundish-oval, obtuse; stipulas oblong, obtuse,
many-nerved ; heads terminal, on short peduncles; capsules
distinct. . S. Native of the East Indies, in Chittagong ;
and of the Society Islands. The rest unknown.
Round-leaved Nauclea. Tree.
21 N. Africa'na (Willd. spec. 1. p. 929.) shrubby, smooth-
ish ; leaves oval, acute, petiolate ; stipulas oblong, acute ; pe-
duncles short, terminal, solitary, rarely by threes; bearing each
a globose head of flowers ; tube of calyx short, truncate ;
anthers exserted, reflexed. Tj . S. Native of Guinea, at Cape
Coast, and Senegal, and all along the western coast of Africa.
Uncaria inermis, Willd. in Ust. del. 2. p. 199. t. 3. N. Afri-
cana, Schum. pi. gain. p. 104. Cephalantlius Africanus, Reichb.
in Sieb. fl. exsic. seneg. no. 20. Flowers red.
Var. ft, Luzoniensis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 345.) pubescent ; leaves
pubescent beneath, but less so above ; throat of corolla densely
bearded. . S. Native of the island of Luzon, one of the
Philippines. N. Africdna, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4.
p. 140. Perhaps a proper species.
African Nauclea. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
22 N. Cincho'n^e (D. C. prod. 4. p. 345.) leaves ovate, ob-
tuse at the base, and acutish at the apex, glabrous above, pale
beneath and rather pilose on the nerves ; panicle terminal,
elongated : having the brancldets opposite, and each bearing a
globose head of flowers, 3-5 in number ; bracteas ovate-oblong,
deflexed, under the brancldets of the panicle Jj . S. Native
of South America, probably in Peru. Cinchona globifera,
Pav. quinol. ined. N. polycephala, A. Rich. mem. soe. hist,
nat. par. 5. p. 289. Heads dense, many-flowered. Flowers
velvety on the outside. Fruit unknown. Perhaps a species of
Cephalantlius, but differs from that genus in the flowers being
pentamerous.
Cinchona Nauclea. Shrub.
23 N. microce'phala (Delile, in Caill. pi. afr. p. 67. no. 54.)
shrubby, glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, tapering into
the petioles ; stipulas united into a 4-toothed ring ; peduncles
axillary, smooth, slender, longer than the petioles ; heads of
flowers globose ; calyxes and corollas small, pubescent. . S.
Native of the north of Africa, at Singue.
Small-headed Nauclea. Shrub.
24 N. lanceola'ta (Blum, bijdr, p. 1009.) leaves on short
petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, coriaceous,
glabrous ; stipulas oblong, obtuse ; peduncles terminal, solitary,
f 2 • S. Native of the west of Java, in mountain woods. Ce-
phalanthus orientalis, Blum. cat. hort. buitenz. p. 38. Flowers
varying to tetrandrous.
Lanceolate- leaved Nauclea Shrub.
25 N. grandifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 345.) leaves rather
large, obovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, acute at the base, rather
undulated, glabrous ; stipulas oval, about equal in length to
the petioles ; peduncles terminal, solitary, length of petioles.
Tj . S. Native of Java. N. macrophylla, Blum, bijdr. p. 1010.
but not of Roxb. There is a variety of this species in the
province of Bantam, having the leaves all obovate and undulated,
and another in the province of Rembang having larger and more
undulated leaves.
Great-leaved Nauclea. Tree or shrub.
26 N. corda'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1011. but not of Roxb.)
leaves roundish-cordate, retuse at the apex, glabrous ; stipulas
oblong-roundish, united at the base, length of petioles ; peduncles
terminal, solitary, f; . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak.
Cordate- leaved Nauclea. Shrub or tree.
27 N. orienta'lis (Lam. ill. 153. f. 1.) arboreous, glabrous;
leaves oval-oblong, on short petioles, smooth; stipulas oblong ;
peduncles axillary, opposite : upper ones solitary, 3 times longer
than the heads of flowers, which are globose, fj . S. Native of
the East Indies, Java, and China. Poir. diet. 4. p. 435. Blum,
bijdr. p. 1006. Ham. in Lin. trans. 15. p. 94. — Bancalus,
Rumph. amb. 3. t. 55. f. 1. Anthers inclosed. Style much
exserted ; stigma ovate.
Eastern Nauclea. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
28 N. cane'scens (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 346.) branches tetragonal, velvety ; leaves on short petioles,
elliptic, short-acuminated, glabrous above and canescent be-
neath ; peduncles compressed : lower ones axillary, opposite :
the upper ones from the falling of the leaves appear racemose,
and are as well as the heads tomentose ; lobes of calyx linear,
obtuse, fj • S. Native of the Island of Luzon. Stipulas deciduous,
at the sides of the leaves, oblong-linear, twin, on both sides in the
upper part of the racemes.
Canescent Nauclea. Shrub or tree.
29 N. rotundi folia (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 340.) glabrous; branchlets tetragonal; leaves petiolate,
roundish-cordate, short-acuminated, paier beneath ; peduncles
axillary, opposite, solitary, compressed, articulated in the mid-
dle ; heads globose, tomentose ; segments of the calyx ovate,
obtuse. fj.S. Native of the Island of Luzon. Corolla hoary
from tomentum ; with an elongated tube ; and roundish lobes.
The sterile peduncles become hardened and hooked, as in the
genus Uncaria.
Round-leaved Nauclea. Tree or shrub.
Sect. II. Pentacory'na (from irtvre, pente, five, and Kopwp,
coryne, a club ; in reference to the 5 club-shaped lobes of the
calyx). D. C. prod. 4. p. 346. Segments of calyx (or brac-
teoles) elongated and club-shaped.
30 N. cordifoli a (Roxb- cor. 1. p. 40. t. 53. fl. ined. 2. p.
122.) arboreous; leaves petiolate, roundish-cordate, villous be-
neath; stipulas oval , peduncles 1-3 together, axillary ; bearing
each a globose head of flowers ; lobes of calyx and stigmas
clavate. 1? . S. Native of Coromandel and Cottala, on the
mountains, in the southern peninsula of India. Petioles terete,
rather villous, equal in length to the peduncles. Flowers yel-
lowish. Seed 6 in each cell of the capsule, membranaceously
winged, never imbricated, but bifid at the apex. Leaves 4-12
inches each way, on petioles from 2-3 inches long. Peduncles
downy, from 1-4. The wood is exceedingly beautiful, its colour
is like that of box-wood, but much lighter, and at the same
time very close-grained. It is to be had of a large size, from
1-2 feet or more in diameter, and is used for almost every
purpose, where it can be kept dry. For furniture it answers
exceedingly well, being light and durable. This is probably the
N. sterculiaefolia, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 289.
Heart-leaved Nauclea. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
RUBIACEiE. I. Nauclea. II. Uncaria.
4G9
31 N. purpu'rea (Roxb. cor. I. p. 41. t. 54. fl. ind. 2. p.
123.) sub-arboreous, glabrous; leaves petiolate, oval-oblong,
acuminated, smooth ; stipulas oval, obtuse, large, deciduous ;
peduncles terminal, solitary, or by threes, bracteate in the
middle; lobes of calyx 5, clavate. T? . S. Native of the East
Indies, in the moist valleys up amongst the Circar mountains.
Cephalanthus Chinensis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 678. exclusive of the
syn. ofRumph. Branches decussate. Leaves shining. Heads
of flowers large, purple. Capsules turbinate, dehiscing from
the base. Seeds imbricate, winged.
Purple-ft owered Nauclea. Tree 20 feet.
32 N. Roxbu'rgii ; shrub glabrous ; leaves roundish, obtuse,
cordate at the base, on long petioles ; stipulas large, oblong,
obtuse. I? . S. Native of the East Indies. N. stipul&cea,
Roxb. herb.
Roxburgh’s Nauclea. Shrub.
33 N. peduncula'ris (Wall. cat. no. 6091.) arborescent,
smooth ; leaves ovate-elliptic, coriaceous, acuminated, smooth ;
peduncles terminal by threes, not so long as the upper pair of
leaves ; heads of flowers globose. I? • S. Native of Pulo
Penang. N. purpurea, Roxb. herb. Flowers purplish ?
Peduncular Nauclea. Shrub.
34 N. calycin a (Bartl. in Haenke herb, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 346.) glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong, attenuated at both
ends ; stipulas deciduous ; peduncles terminal, solitary, or by
threes, bearing caducous bracteas under the apex ; lobes of
calyx 5, clavate ; style not exserted. . S. Native of the
Island of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Very nearly allied to
N. purpurea, and is probably the same, but the calyx is pale,
not purple, and the branches are tetragonally compressed, not
terete.
Large-calyxed Nauclea. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
35 N. stipula'cea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 346.) arboreous; leaves
broad-obovate, glabrous, downy on the nerves on the under
surface, as well as on the petioles and branchlets ; stipulas ovate,
large, leafy ; heads of flowers globose ; corolla villous on the
outside ; calyx quite entire, truncate ; bracteoles or lobes of
calyx 5, club-shaped. Tj • S. Native of Africa, on the banks
of the Gambia near Albreda. N. macrophylla Perr. et Leprieur.
mss. but not of Roxb. nor Blum. The dehiscence of the cap-
sule exhibits distinct carpella within the calycine tube, which
is cleft lengthwise ; the segments cohering at the apex, and prop-
ped by 5 claviform bracteoles on the outside.
Stipulaceous Nauclea. Tree 20 to 40 feet?
t Species not sufficiently known.
36 N. morindasfolia (Blum, bijdr. p. 1011.) arboreous:
leaves oval, acute, rounded at the base, ribbed, glabrous, bear-
ing depressed glands in the axils of the ribs on the under sur-
face ; stipulas spatulate, coloured, viscid, one half shorter than
the petioles. ^ • S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Flowers
unknown.
Morinda-leaved Nauclea. Tree.
37 N. mo'llis (Blum, bijdr. p. 1010.) leaves rather large,
oval, acute, rounded at the base, sometimes subcordate, gla-
brous above but rather villous beneath and on the branches ;
stipulas oval, obtuse, rather villous beneath. Ij . S. Native of
Java, on Mount Salak. Flowers unknown. Allied to N. ma-
crophylla, Roxb.
Soft Nauclea. Tree.
Cult. All the species of this genus are of the most easy
culture. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat is the best soil for
them ; and cuttings root readily in the same kind of earth under
a hand-glass, in heat.
II. UNCA'RIA (from uncus, a hook; the old or inferior
peduncles are converted into hooked axillary spines). Schreb.
gen. no. 311. Roxb. and Wall, in fl. ind. 2- p. 125. but not of
Burch. D. C. prod. 4. p. 347. — Nauclea, sect. ii. Blum, bijdr.
p. 1011. — Ourouparia, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 177. Agylophora,
Neck, elem. no. 254. — Nauclea species, Lam. Willd. Juss. and
Kunth.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. All as in Nauclea, but
differs in the flowers being less crowded on the receptacle.
Calyx tubularly urceolate, 5-cleft. Capsules pedicellate, clavate,
attenuated at the base. — Scandent shrubs, hanging to other
trees by the old peduncles, which are hooked for the purpose.
The greater portion are natives of India, but a few are natives
of America. The old or lower peduncles are converted into
compressed, hooked, axillary spines. Perhaps only a section of
the genus Nauclea.
1 U. Ga'mbir (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 126.) branches terete;
leaves ovate- oblong, acute, on short petioles, smooth on both
surfaces ; stipulas ovate ; peduncles axillary, solitary, opposite,
bracteolate in the middle : the lower ones sterile, and converted
into hooked spines. I7 • v_/* S* Native of Pulo-Penang, Su-
matra, Malacca, &c. Nauclea Gambir, Hunt, in Lin. trans. 9.
p. 218. t. 22. Fleming in asiat. res. 11. p. 187. Smith, in
Rees’ cycl. vol. 24. no. 7. Hayn. getr. gew. 10. t. 3. U. jas-
minifolia, Wall. herb. Funis uncatus angustif olius, Rumph.
amb. 5. p. 63. t. 34. f. 2. and 3. The upper peduncles bear
each a solitary, globular head of beautiful green and pink
flowers. Bracteas forming a 3 or 4-cleft annular, perianth-like
cup, about the middle of each peduncle. Calyx silky on the
outside. Corollas villous on the outside, and hairy in the center
of the inside. Capsules pedicellate, clavate, grooved longitudi-
nally. Seeds imbricate, winged. Gambler is the Malay name
of an extract prepared from the leaves of this plant, and one of
the drugs, if not the only one, formerly called Terra Japonica
in Europe. For the following account of the tree we are in-
debted to Dr. Charles Campbell of Bencoolen, who says, “ This
material is called by the Malays gambler. It is chewed by the
natives, mingled with betel-leaf and areca, after the manner in
which the cutch is used on the continent of India. With some
sweetness it has a more highly concentrated astringent principle
than terra Japonica. I am solicitous that a trial should also be
made of its power in tanning. In regard to the natural history
of the gambler, it is procured from a climber. It is the Funis
uncatus, or Daun gatta gambler of Rumph. amb. 5. t. 34. The
variety from which it is chiefly made is that denominated by
Rumphius the Funis uncatus angustif olius. The preparation is
simple ; the young shoot and leaves are shred, and bruised in
water for some hours, until a feculum is deposited ; this, inspis-
sated in the sun to the consistence of paste, is thrown into
moulds of a circular form, and in this state the gambier is brought
to market. Rumphius has fallen into error in asserting that
gambier is not made from this plant ; for in my journey to Co-
chin-china I had an opportunity of inspecting the whole process,
having resided some days at a small village near the foot of the
mountains, where the Sultan of Moco has established a colony
for the purpose of carrying on the manufacture to a considerable
extent. The price at which it can be procured from the northern
parts of this coast I have ascertained to be nearly 10 dollars
per hundred weight ; it can be supplied in any quantity desired,
for the plant abounds in these districts, and the mode of elicit-
ing the astringent matter is such as requires neither much atten-
tion nor labour.” But Dr. Wallich has learned that in other
parts to the eastward of the Bay of Bengal, the process is
carried on by boiling the leaves and young shoots, evaporating
the decoction by fire, and the heat of the sun. When suffi-
ciently inspissated, it is spread out thin, and cut into little
square cakes and dried. The same substance is mentioned by
Marsden in his history of Sumatra at pp. 242 and 243, who
470
RUBIACEiE. II. Uncaria.
refers for a particular detail of the cultivation of the plant and
manufacture of gambier to the 2d volume of the Transactions
of the Batavian Society. Mr. Hunter (Lin. trans. 9. p. 220.)
says, that in Prince of Wales’s Island the substance is pre-
pared by boiling the leaves for an hour and a half, adding more
water as the first wastes, till towards the end of the process,
when it is inspissated to the consistence of thin syrup, and
when taken off the fire and allowed to cool it becomes solid.
It is then cut into little square pieces, which are dried in the
sun, turning them frequently. The gambier, prepared accord-
ing to this process, is of a brown colour ; but prepared in the
way described by Dr. Campbell above, it is perfectly white. In
medicine it is found beneficial in anguinaand aphthae, as well as
diarrhoea and dysentery. The drug is infused in water, to which
it gives the colour of black tea. By the Malays it is mixed
with lime, and applied externally to cuts, burns, boils, &c. The
finest is alone selected to chew along with leaves of betel,
in the same manner as cutch or kut, the catechu in other parts
of India. The brown being strong tasted and rank is exported to
China and Batavia, to be used in dyeing and tanning.
For the cultivation of the shrub a rich soil is preferred. It
gives the most luxuriant crop when the rains are frequent, but
does not thrive in grounds that are apt to be flooded. On this
account the side of a hill is esteemed better than any other
situation. The plants are propagated from seed ; an 1 when they
are about 9 inches high they may be finally removed to the field,
and planted at distances of 8 or 9 feet. At the end of one year
from the time wdien they are planted in the field, a small crop
of leaves is obtained. A larger is got in eighteen months,
and the third at the end of two years, when the plants are at
their full growth. They continue in their prime, and admit of
being cut twice a-year, for the space of 20 or SO years, pro-
vided care be taken to keep the ground clean, and the roots
free from w’eeds. Their tops must be cut to prevent them
growing to a greater height than 5 or 6 feet. It is said that
the young leaves produce the whitest substance. In Prince
of Wales’s Island, gambier, if good, is sold for 8^ dollars per
pecul, while in the same island sago is sold for 3 dollars per
pecul ; hence the manufacturer is tempted to adulterate the
gambier with this article, which mixes intimately, but may be
easily detected by solution with water.
Gambier. Clt. 1825. Shrub cl.
2 U. a'cida (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 129.) branches tetragonal,
smooth ; leaves ovate, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces ;
stipulas acuminated, twin on both sides ; peduncles axillary,
solitary, bearing each a single head of flowers, bracteolate in
the middle, but after flowering becoming recurved and spines-
cent. ^2 • S. Native of the Island of Pulo-Penang, at
Soongey Clooan, ex Hunter; of Java, ex Blum, bijdr. 1011.;
also of the Moluccas, ex Rumph. Nauclea acida, Hunter, in
Lin. trans. 9. p. 223. Funis uncatus latifolius, Rumph. amb. 5.
p. 63. t. 34. f. 1. Nauclea longiflora, Poir. suppl. p. 63. —
Cinchona Kattu-Kambar, Keen, in Retz. obs. 4. p. 6. to which it
is nearly allied. The leaves have an acid taste.
Acid. Uncaria. Shrub cl.
3 U. sclerophy'lla (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 130.) branches te-
tragonal, pubescent ; leaves elliptic, short-pointed, stiff, rugged
beneath ; stipulas lateral, lunate, 2-lobed ; peduncles axillary,
solitary, simple, jointed, bracteolate above the middle, bearing
each one head of flowers, after flowering becoming recurved
and spinescent. Tj . S. Native of Pulo-Penang, on the top
of the mountain called Soongey Clooan. Nauclea sclerophylla,
Hunter, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 223. Leaves pubescent beneath.
Bracteas 6 in a whorl, at the joint of the peduncle. Calyx pu-
bescent outside. Corolla villous on the outside. Flowers on
long pedicels.
Hard-leaved Uncaria. Shrub cl.
4 U. ovalifo'lia (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 128.) leaves oval, pe-
tiolate, acute, smooth on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary and
terminal, compound ; receptacle of flowers as well as the cap-
sules villous. Tj . S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Leaves
sometimes obovate, from 3-6 inches long. Peduncles bearing
from 1-3 heads of flowers, on pedicels which are as long as
the common peduncle, and furnished with a sheathing 4-6-cleft
bractea in the middle of each. Petioles short, recurved, chan-
nelled.
Oval-leaved Uncaria. Shrub cl.
5 U. pilosa (Roxb. et Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 130.) branches
villous, obscurely tetragonal ; leaves oval, acuminated, some-
times subcordate, hairy on both surfaces, on very short petioles ;
stipulas bipartite or twin : segments lanceolate, acute, longer
than the petioles ; peduncles axillary, opposite, villous, divari-
cate, at length recurved and spinescent. J? . S. Native of
Nipaul, in the valley in the forest of Sankoo, and at Bheempedi ;
and of Chittagong and Java. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 55.
t. 170. Nauclea scandens, Smith, in Rees’s cycl. vol. 24.
no. 9. Nauclea pilosa, Blum, bijdr. p. 1013. ? Branches
clothed with rusty hairs ; young shoots silky. Leaves from
5- 7 inches long. Peduncles jointed, and bear a whorl of about
6 small linear-lanceolate bracteas, which are hairy without and
smooth within. Flowers hairy, whitish, forming round dense
heads of 2 inches in diameter. In the Java plant there are 4-6
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, pilose, rather membranous brac-
teas in a whorl at the top of each peduncle, under the head of
flowers. Perhaps distinct from the plant of Roxburgh.
Pilose Uncaria. Shrub cl.
6 U. lanosa (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 131.) every part
of the plant is clothed with long rust-coloured hairs ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth above, on short petioles ;
stipulas twin, on both sides, ovate, membranous, recurved ; pe-
duncles axillary, opposite, short, at length converted into spinose
hooks ; corollas almost smooth ; capsules on long pedicels. .
S. Native of Pulo-Penang and Sumatra, and other East
Indian islands. Nauclea lanosa, Poir suppl. 4. p. 54. Nauclea
setigera, Blum, bijdr. 1013.. Branches rather quadrangular.
Leaves 3-4 inches long. Stipulas hairy without, permanent.
Peduncles about an inch long, surrounded by a whorl of 4 lan-
ceolate bracteas. Capsules smooth, ash-coloured. In the Java
plant, the branches are almost smooth, hardly hispid ; and the
upper surfaces of the leaves are glabrous, or scarcely hispid, but
villous beneath from long adpressed hairs ; fruit oblong, gla-
brous, shorter than the pedicels ; lobes of calyx oblong, ciliated.
JVoolbj Uncaria. Shrub cl.
7 U. ljeviga'ta (Wall. cat. no. 6111.) branches quadran-
gular, smooth ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminated, smooth ; pe-
duncles axillary, solitary, opposite, divaricate, bracteolate above
the middle, some of which are converted into hooked spines.
Tj . S. Native of the Burman empire at Amherst. Fruit
sessile.
Smooth Uncaria. Shrub cl.
8 U. macrophy'lla (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 132.)
branches tetragonal, pubescent, with 2 opposite furrows ; leaves
petiolate, broad-ovate, acuminated, smooth and shining above,
villous beneath, coarsely nerved and reticulated ; stipulas cadu-
cous ; heads of flowers axillary, solitary, opposite, tomentose.
Tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, from Silhet. Leaves from
6- 7 inches long. Peduncles opposite, axillary, and terminal, 2
inches long, covered with rusty hairs, about 5 lines under the
apex they are jointed and surrounded by a ring of 5-6 lanceo-
late, spreading, villous bracteas. Flowers covered with ash-
coloured dense pubescence.
Long-leaved Uncaria. Shrub cl.
RUBIACEjE. II. Uncaria. III. Adina.
471
9 U. insi'gnis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 348.) branches acutely te-
tragonal ; leaves on short petioles, having a narrow cordate
recess at the base, roundish-elliptic, short-acuminated, shining
above, reticulately veined beneath, and canescent from down
between the veins ; peduncles axillary, solitary, recurved, com-
pressed ; flowers on long pedicels. S. Native of the
island of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft.
Corolla large, clothed with silky tomentum inside. Style ex-
serted. Ovarium containing 2 bodies, perhaps seeds or placentas.
Famous Uncaria. Shrub cl.
10 U. elliptic a (R* Br. in Wall. cat. no. 6104.) branches
rather tetragonal ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, tapering at the
base, on longish petioles, glabrous except on the nerves be-
neath while young ; peduncles axillary, solitary, opposite, shorter
than the leaves, usually not longer than the petioles : the lower-
most ones converted into sterile hooked spines. ^ • v^.S. Native
of Pulo-Penang. Nauclea ovalifolia, Roxb. herb. Corolla
downy outside.
Elliptic- leaved Uncaria. Shrub cl.
11 U. cirrhiflora (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 120.) leaves ovate-
oblong, smooth ; stipulas bifid ; peduncles recurved, floriferous
at the apex. T? • S. Native of the Malay Islands. The
rest unknown.
Tendril-flowered Uncaria. Shrub cl.
12 U. glabra' ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 348.) leases oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, glabrous as well as the branches, which are
tetragonal ; stipulas bifid ; peduncles solitary, spreading, arti-
culated above the middle, at length hooked. Pj . S. Native
of Java, on the mountains of Seribu. Nauclea glabrata, Blum,
bijdr. p. 1012. Allied to U. cirrhiflora, Roxb. ex Blume.
Glabrous Uncaria. Shrub cl.
13 U. pedicella'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 119.) leaves oval,
acutish, rounded or subcordate at the base, shining above, reti-
culated beneath and clothed with rusty tomentum, as well as
the branches, which are tetragonal ; stipulas bifid ; peduncles
axillary, solitary, bearing each a single head of flowers, spread-
ing, articulated above the middle ; flowers on long pedicels.
J? . vy. S. Native of the Molucca islands, and probably of Pulo-
Penang and Java. Nauclea pedicellata, Blum, bijdr. p. 1012.
Flowers forming round heads of about an inch and a half in
diameter, covered with rusty tomentum.
Pedicellate-flowered Uncaria. Shrub cl.
14 U. specios a (Wall. cat. no. 6106.) branches tetragonal,
clothed with brown villi, as well as the under side of the leaves
and nerves on the upper side, petioles, peduncles, and calyxes ;
leaves pilose on both surfaces, ovate-elliptic, cordate at the base,
and short-acuminated at the apex, on very short petioles ; pe-
duncles axillary, solitary, opposite. Tj . v_y. S. Native of Pulo-
Penang and Singapore. Nauclea cordifolia, herb. Findl. Heads
of flowers large. Calyx and fruit clothed with brown villi, and
the corolla with white. Flowers pedicellate. Lower peduncles
converted into spinose recurved hooks.
Showy Uncaria. Shrub cl.
15 U. ferrugi'nea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 348.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, rounded at the base, shining above, reticulated be-
neath and clothed with rusty tomentum as well as the branches,
which are tetragonal ; stipulas bipartite ; peduncles solitary,
spreading, articulated in the middle. Pj . S. Native of
Java, on the mountains. Nauclea ferruginea, Blum, bijdr. p.
1013. Very like U . pedicellata, but differs in the flow'ers and
the capsules being 3 times smaller.
Rusty yncaria. Shrub cl.
16 U. fe'rrea (D. C. 1. c.) leaves on very short petioles,
ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded and subcordate at the base,
pubescent above, densely tomentose beneath, as well as on the
branches, which are obscurely tetragonal ; stipulas bifid ; pe-
duncles solitary, spreading, articulated in the middle. Pj . S.
Native of Java, on the mountains of Seribu. Nauclea ferrea,
Blum-, bijdr. p. 1014.
Iron Uncaria. Shrub cl.
17 U. sessilifru'ctus (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 130.) leaves ellip-
tic, smooth, acuminated ; peduncles axillary, bearing from 1-3
heads of flowers: also terminal, bearing many heads of flowers ;
capsules sessile. P? . G. Native of the East Indies, in the
forests of Chittagong. The shrub supports itself by strong
spiral axillary hooks. The terminal peduncles form themselves
into a kind of racemose panicle.
Sessile-fruited Uncaria. Clt. 1829. Shrub cl.
18 U. Africa'na; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, on
short petioles ; flowers disposed in a loose globular head ; heads
terminal ; calyx and corolla villous on the outside ; hooks axil-
lary, twisted, or reflexed. Pj . v_>. S. Native of Sierra Leone, on
the banks of rivulets. Corolla greenish yellow.
African Uncaria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet, cl.
19 U. Guiane'nsis (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 370.) branchlets tetra-
gonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, glabrous ; stipulas solitary,
on both sides, triangular ; peduncles solitary, bracteolate in the
middle, axillary, opposite, and terminal : lower ones sterile and
converted into flat, hooked spines. Pj . S. Native of Guiana,
on the banks of rivers and rivulets. Ourouparia Guianensis,
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 177. t. 68. Nauclea aculeata, Lam. ill. t.
153. f. 2. Poir. diet. 4. p. 436. Hayn. term. bot. t. 29. f. 5.
U. aculeata, Willd. in Ust. del. opusc. 2. p. 200. The flowers
in the same head are variable in colour, yellow, white, green,
red, rufous, and blackish : they are very fragrant.
Guiana Uncaria. Shrub cl.
20 U. tomentosa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 349.) arboreous ;
branches somewhat quadrangular, downy ; leaves ovate-elliptic,
acute, clothed with fine pubescent tomentum beneath, and shin-
ing above with the nerves downy ; stipulas broad ovate ; pe-
duncles villous, disposed in a terminal panicle : and the lower-
most ones converted into axillary hooks. Pj . S. Native of
New Granada, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Naers.
Nauclea tomentosa, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 221.
N. aculeata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 282. Corolla
clothed with silky pubescence on the outside. Peduncles also
axillary, bearing 1-3 stalked heads.
Tomentose Uncaria. Tree.
Cult. See Nauclea, p.469. for culture and propagation.
III. ADI'NA (from acivog, adinos, crowded ; in reference to
the flowers being disposed in heads). Salisb. par. lond. t. 115.
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 403. D. C.prod. 4. p. 349. — Nauclea
species of some.
Lin. syst. Pcntandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong
tube, and a campanulate 5-parted, permanent limb (fi 84. a.).
Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed (f. 84. b. c.) ; throat glabrous ;
lobes valvate in aestivation. Anthers almost sessile (f. 84. e.), at
the recesses between the lobes, inclosed. Style exserted (f. 84.
d.)-, stigma capitate-ovate. Capsule membranous, ob-pyramidal,
2-celled ; valves 4 (f. 84. g.), dehiscing from the apex ; central axis
permanent, bearing the calyx at the apex. Seeds 2-4 in each
cell, oblong, marginate (f. 84. h.), inserted near the top of the
cell, hanging by spongy funicles. — Glabrous shrubs, natives of
China. Branches terete, opposite. Stipulas twin, on both sides,
joined at the base, yellowish, lanceolate. Leaves lanceolate, gla-
brous. Peduncles axillary, rarely terminal, solitary. Heads of
flowers globose, without any involucra, yellowish. Flowers ses-
sile, crowded, intermixed with paleae. Receptacle pilose. — This
genus is intermediate between Nauclea and Cephalanthus, and
probably not distinct from the first.
472
RUBIACEAL III. Adina. IV. Breonia. V. Lecananthus. VI. Stevensia. VII. Coutarea.
1 A. globifeora (Salisb. par.
lond. t. 115.) leaves lanceolate ;
peduncles shorter than the leaves.
>2 . G. Native of China. Nau-
clea Adina, Smith, in Rees’s
cycl. vol. 24. Lindl. hot. reg.
f. 895. Sims, hot. mag. 2613.
Lodd. hot. cab. 1284. (f. 84.)
Globe-flowered Adina. FI.
July, Aug. Clt. 1804. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
2 A. peduncula'ris (D. C.
prod. 4. p. 349.) leaves obovate-
lanceolate ; peduncles twice the
length of the leaves. • G.
Native of China. Nauclea adi-
noides, Lindl. hot. reg. p. 895.
Peduncular Adina. FI. July, Aug. Clt.? Shrub.
Cult. The culture and propagation of the species of Adina
are the same as those of Nauclea , p. 469, but do not require
so much heat.
IV. BREO'NIA (this name is not explained, but is perhaps so
called after some botanist of the name of Breon). A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 290. D. C. prod. 4. p. 620.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a 5-parted
limb, and truncate sub-cuneated lobes. Corolla with a terete
tube, and a flat, spreading, 5-lobed limb : having the lobes oval-
lanceolate. Stamens half exserted, inserted in the throat of the
corolla. Style very long, exserted ; stigma bipartite, with the
lobes approximate. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 7-8-ovulate ; ovu-
las fixed to the membranous placentas, which hang from the axis.
Fruit somewhat crustaeeous, indehiscent. — A tree. Leaves
opposite, very large. Stipulas connate. Flowers disposed in
axillary, solitary, globose heads, which stand on long peduncles ;
each peduncle girded by a beaked involucrum, which at length
bursts on one side and falls off. — This genus is nearly allied to
Nauclea, but probably referrible to Sarcoceplialece, by the fruit
being indehiscent.
1 B. Madagascarie'nsis (A. Rich. 1. c.). T? . S. Native of
Madagascar.
Madagascar Breonia. Tree.
Cult. See Nauclea, p. 469. for culture and propagation.
V. LECANA/NTHUS (from Xtrav-q, lecane, a bowl, and
avdog, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the cup-like involucrum
under the head of flowers). Jack, mal. misc. vol. 2. ex Wall,
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 319. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par.
5. p. 293. D. C. prod. 4. p. 620.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx cam-
panulate, dilated, coloured, divided irregularly. Corolla with a
short tube, and a 5-lobed limb, which is valvate in aestivation.
Anthers large, inserted in the tube of the corolla. Style bifid ;
stigmas linear, thick. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells many-seeded ;
placentas semi-cylindrical or convex, central. The rest un-
known.— A radicant shrub, with tetragonal stems, with 2 of the
angles more prominent than the other 2. Leaves opposite, on
short petioles. Stipulas ligulate. Flowers pale red, disposed
in terminal, dense, globular heads ; each head involucrated by
a salver-shaped involucrum. — This genus is nearly allied to
Nauclea.
1 L. erube'scens (Jack, 1. c.). . S. Native of Singapore.
Leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
about 8 inches long. The involucrum which surrounds each
head of flowers is entire and cup-shaped. Flowers sessile.
Ovarium crowned by a prominent neetareal ring.
Reddish-flowered Lecananthus. Shrub.
Cult. See Nauclea, p. 469. for culture and propagation.
Subtribe II. CINCHO'NEiE (shrubs and trees agreeing
with Cinchona in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 349.
— Cinchoneae and Manettieae, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea.
4. p. 178. Flowers on longer or shorter pedicels, not seated
on a globose receptacle, as in those of the first subtribe, (f. 86.
f. 88. f. 89.)
VI. STEVE'NSIA (in honour of Edward Stevens, who
rendered important services to St. Domingo, while he was consul
of the United States there). Poit. ann. mus. 4. p. 235. t. 60.
Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 99. t. 197. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 389.
but not of Neck.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a sub-
globose tube, girded at the base by an unequally 4-lobed invo-
lucel ; limb biparted, deciduous : having acute lobes. Corolla
salver-shaped, with a short tube and a spreading bluntly 6-7-
parted limb. Anthers 6-7, sessile in the throat of the tube.
Stigma bilamellate. Capsule globose, areolate at the apex, and
pubescent in the areolae, 2-celled, containing 2 cocculi, which
are separable from the calyx : one of them only dehiscent.
Placentas central, connecting the margins of the valves. Seeds
minute, numerous, oval, winged a little, rather pubescent
at the apex. Embryo straight in the fleshy albumen : having
the radicle turned towards thehylum. — A much branched shrub,
native of St. Domingo ; having the branches clothed with resin.
Leaves oval, white beneath, finely reticulated. Stipulas joined
into a short sheath. Flowers axillary, solitary, white, on short
pedicels, girded by 4 concrete bracteas, forming a kind of invo-
lucel to each flower.
1 S. buxifo'lia (Poit. 1. c.). Ij . S. Native of St. Domingo,
near La Vigie duCap Francais.
Box-leaved Stevensia. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
Cult. See Nauclea, p. 469. for culture and propagation.
VII. COUTA'REA (this name is not explained by Aublet).
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 314. t. 122. Juss. gen. 202. mem. mus. 6.
p. 388. Gaertn. fr. 3. p. 79. t. 194. D. C. prod. 4. p. 350.
— Portlandia species, Schreb.
Lin. syst. Hexdndria, dfonogynia. Calyx with a turbinately
oblong tube, and a 6-parted limb : having the segments subu-
late. Corolla large, funnel-shaped, with a short tube, an obco-
nical ventricose throat, and a bluntly 6-lobed limb. Stamens
inserted at the bottom of the throat ; anthers linear, much ex-
serted. Stigma furrowed. Capsule coriaceously chartaceous,
obovate, compressed, 2-celled ; valves bifid at the apex. Pla-
centas spongy, at length nearly free. Seeds compressed, erect,
girded by a membranous margin. Embryo long, in fleshy
albumen : having a centripetal radicle, and flat cotyledons. —
South American trees. Leaves ovate, acuminated, on short
petioles ; stipulas broad, short, acute. Peduncles usually trifid,
axillary, and terminal. Flowers white, sometimes septamerous.
This genus comes very near to Portlandia.
1 C. specios a (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 304. t. 122.) leaves gla-
brous on both surfaces; peduncles trifid, 3-flowered; corolla
broad, funnel-shaped. Ij . S. Native of Guiana, Cayenne,
Island of Trinidad, and Carthagena, and between Caraccas and
La Guayra, among bushes. Lam. ill. t. 157. Portlandia hex-
andra, Jacq. amer. 63. t. 182. f. 20. Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 1.
p. 385. The tree is much branched at the top. Corolla large,
purple, ex Aubl.
Showy Coutaria. Clt. 1803. Tree 25 feet.
FIG. 84.
RUBIACEiE. VII. Coutarea. VIII. Hillia. IX. Hymenopogon. X. Cinchona.
473
2 C. campanula (D. C. prod. 4. p. 350.) leaves glabrous
above, but villous beneath as well as the calyxes and peduncles ;
peduncles trifid, 3-fiowered. 1? . S. Native of South America,
about the Caraccas, where it was collected by Vargas, who says
it is called Campanilla by the natives. Flowers and fruit one
half smaller than those of C. speciosa, and the capsule is less
compressed, and ribless.
Campanilla Coutarea. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 C. Mexica'na (Zucc. et Mart, in litt. 1829. ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 350.) leaves glabrous on both surfaces; peduncles 1-
flowered, bibracteolate at the base ; corolla funnel-shaped, with
very blunt lobes. Ij . S. Native of Mexico.
Mexican Coutarea. Shrub or tree.
f Species hardly known.
4 C. eatiflo'ra (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 350.) pedicels 1 -flowered, bractless; the diameter
of the flower equal to its length. Ij . S. Native of Mexico,
where it is called Copalchi by the natives. Leaves oval, attenu-
ated at the base. Pedicels axillary, usually twin. Corolla white.
Stigma bilamellate. Capsule less compressed, ornamented with
6 ribs and scattered tubercles.
Broad-Jlowered Coutarea. Shrub or tree.
5 C. flave'scens (Moc. et Sesse, 1. c. ex D. C. 1. c.) pedicels
numerous, bractless ; the diameter of the flower almost one half
smaller than its length. J? . S. Native of Mexico. Superior
leaves sometimes by threes, oval, attenuated at the base. Pe-
duncles 3 in a whorl, twice bifid, only bracteate under the rami-
fications. Flowers yellowish, smaller and narrower than in the
preceding species.
Yellowish -flowered Coutarea. Shrub or tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nauclea, p. 469.
VIII. HI'LLIA (named after Sir John Hill, a voluminous
botanical author). Jacq. amer. p. 96. t. 66. Lin. gen. no. 444.
Lam. ill. t. 257. Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 97. t. 197. Juss. mem.
mus. C. p. 388. D. C. prod. 4. p. 350. — Fereiria, Vand. in
Roem. script, p. 98. t. 6. ex icon.
Lin. syst. 'Petra- Hexandria , Monogynia. Calyx with an ob-
ovate tube, girded by a 2-4-leaved involucel at the base ; limb
2-4-parted : segments narrow, acute, permanent. Corolla with
a long terete tube, a short ventricose throat, and a 4-6-parted
limb (f. 85. 6.), with spreading flat oval lobes. Stamens 4-6,
sessile beneath the mouth of the tube, inclosed (f. 85. c.).
Stigma thick, bifid (f. 85. d.). Capsule elongated, 2-celled,
crowned by the limb of the calyx ; cells dehiscing from the top
inside. Placentas 2, central. Seeds imbricated downwards,
rather compressed, ending each in a pencil-formed tail (f. 85. e.).
Embryo straight, in sparing fleshy albumen ; having the radicle
turned towards the hylum. — Small glabrous shrubs or subshrubs.
Leaves obovate, green, rather fleshy. Stipulas oval, membra-
nous, foliaceous, deciduous, the 2
upper ones constituting an invo-
lucel. Flowers terminal, soli-
tary, elongated, white. Fruit
i follicle-formed.
1 H. longiflora (Swartz, obs.
p. 135. t. 5. f. 1.) flowers liexan-
drous ; corollas 6-cleft, with li-
near-lanceolate, rather revolute
segments. T? . S. Native of Ja-
maica, Guadaloupe, Martinico,
Cuba, the hotter parts of Mexico,
on the decayed parts of old trees,
and among moss. H. parasitica,
VOL. in.
Jacq. amer. p. 96. t. 66. Perhaps there are two species confused
under this name. Lobes of calyx, ex Jacq. 6, but according to
Swartz 2-4, and in the specimens examined only 2. The involucel,
according to Swartz, is 6-leaved, but according to Jacquin and the
specimen examined only 2-leaved, constantly composed of the 2
superior stipulas. The branches, according to Swartz and Jac-
quin, are terete, but according to the figure in the fl. mex. and
the specimen examined tetragonal. In the figure of bot. mag.
t. 721. the branches are round, the leaves ovate, smooth ; the
involucel of 2 leaves, limb of the corolla of 6 twisted seg-
ments, and the limb of the calyx apparently 6-cleft. The flowers
are white and very fragrant.
Long-flowered Hillia. Fl. Feb. March. Clt. 1789. Shrub
2 feet.
2 H. Brasilie'nsis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 201.)
corollas 6-cleft, hexandrous : segments ovate-lanceolate, obtuse.
Tj . S. Native of Brasil. Leaves oval, acuminated. Tube of
corolla 3 inches long.
Brasilian Hillia. Shrub.
3 H. tetra'ndra (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 630. icon. t. 11.)
flowers 4-cleft, tetrandrous ; segments ovate. J? . S. Native
of Jamaica, on the high mountains among the roots of bushes.
Leaves obovate, pale green. Roots creeping, tuberous. Lobes
of calyx 4, cuneate-oblong, 2 of which are deciduous. Leaves
of involucel 4, 2 of them smaller than the other two. Flowers
yellowish-white, having the tube nearly an inch long and tetra-
gonal. Seeds pappose at the apex. — Perhaps H. Tuxtlensis,
Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined., which was collected about Tuxtla
in Mexico, is distinct from this species, in consequence of the
calyx being 2-lobed, and the involucel 2-leaved.
Tetrandrous Hillia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1793. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
Cult. The species of this genus delight in a mixture of turfy
loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings will soon strike root in the
same kind of soil, or in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
IX. HYMENOPOGON (from vyi/y, hymen, a membrane,
and moywv, pogon, a beard ; the seeds are furnished with a mem-
branous appendage at each end). Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
156. D. C. prod. 4. p. 351 . but not of Beauv.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 5-parted permanent limb. Corolla salver-shaped,
with a very long tube, and a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5, inserted
in the inflated apex of the tube, inclosed. Stigma oblong, 2-
lobed : lobes linear. Capsule oblong-clavate, 10-nerved, crowmed,
2-celled; carpels dehiscing at the apex, cleft in the middle,
hence the capsule appears 4-valved. Placentas very narrow.
Seeds imbricated, linear, furnished with a membranous appen-
dage at both ends. — A small crooked shrub, with compressed
branchlets. Leaves approximate, acuminated, membranous, pu-
bescent above, and villous beneath. Stipulas permanent, mem-
branous, ovate, acute, ciliated. Corymbs nearly terminal,
trichoiomous, bracteate. Flowers very long, wdiite, inodorous,
pubescent.
1 H. parasi'ticus (Wall. 1. c.) . S. Native of the East
Indies, growing on trees, and sometimes on rocks, on Sheopore,
Chandagiri, near Hetounra, and between that place and Chit-
long. Stems rooting, as wrell as the branches, covered with
pale ash-coloured bark. Leaves 5-7 inches long. Seeds linear,
smooth, terminated by a long linear membranous, sometimes
bifid appendage, measuring altogether 3 lines in length.
Parasitic Hymenopogon. Shrub.
Cult. See Hillia above for culture and propagation.
X. CINCHO'NA (said to be named in honour of the Coun-
tess de Chinchon, vice queen of Peru, who was cured of a fever
3 P
474
RUBIACE7E. X. Cinchona.
in 1G38 by tin's remedy). Lamb, cinch. D. Don, in Lin. trans.
vol. 17. D. C. 1806. bibl. univ. 1829. scienc. 2. p. 144. Humb.
et Bonpl. pi. equin. 2. t. 10. Rccm. et Schultes, syst. no. 861.
— Cinchona, sect. 1. Pers. ench. 1. p. 196. — Cinchona species,
Lin. Gaertn. Lam. Vahl. Juss. — Kinkina, Adans. fam. 2. p. 147.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 86. a.).
Corolla tubular : with a 5-lobed limb (f. 86. 6.), which is valvate in
aestivation. Anthers linear, semi-exserted (f. 86. c.). Stigma
2-lobed (f. 86. d.). Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing at the dissepi-
ment (f. 86. g.), many seeded. Seeds samaroid, girded by a
membranous lacerated margin (f. 86. It.). — Trees, natives of
South America, from which the various kinds of Peruvian bark
are obtained. Leaves on short petioles, with flat margins. Sti-
pulas ovate or oblong, foliaceous, free, deciduous. Inflorescence
panicled. Flowers white or reddish. For the properties of
Cinchbna see La Condamine in act. acad. sc. par. 1738. Vahl. in
act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. vol. 1. Lamb, cinch, in 4to. Lond. 1797.
Rhod. mon. cinch. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. vol. 2. et 3. Ruiz,
quin, in 4to. Madr. 1792. et def. quin. 1802. Humb. diss. in
magaz. fr. nat. berk 1807. Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. vol. 1.
Alibert, trait, fievr. pern. 8vo. 1799. ed. 2. 1800. ed. 3. 1801.
Fee, hist. nat. pharm. 2. p. 240.
§ 1. Capsule dehiscing at the base. — Normal species.
1 C. lanceola'ta (Ruiz et
Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 1. t. 223.)
leaves oval - lanceolate, acute,
naked on both surfaces, as well
as the branches, shining ; pani-
cle brachiate, much branched,
smooth ; calycine teeth ovate,
acuminated ; segments of corolla
linear-lanceolate ; stigma emar-
ginate ; capsule ovate, ribbed.
1 2 . S. Native of Peru, in the
mountains of Loxa, and other
cold mountainous regions ; as
well as of New Granada, be-
tween Guaduas and Santa Fe de
Bogota, where it was collected
by Muds. C. lancifolia, Mutis,
period, de Santa Fe, p. 465. Humb. in mag. der. gisell. nat. fr.
berl. 1807. p. 116. Alib. tract, des fievers, p. 374. C. nitida,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 50. t. 191. C. angustifolia, Ruiz et
Pav. quin, suppl. p. 14. with a figure. C. glabra, Ruiz, quin. 2.
p. 64. C. Cucumaefolia, Pavon, mss. Quinquina orange, Mutis,
quin. Cascarilla officinal. Ruiz, quin. p. 56. Cascarilla Lam-
pino, Ruiz, quin. 2. p. 64. Cinchona Condaminea, Humb. et
Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 33. t. 10. Humb. in mag. der. gesell.
nat. fr. berl. 1807. p. 112. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 400. C. offi-
cinalis, Lin. syst. veg. ed. 10. p. 929. Condamine in mem,
de l’Academie de Paris, 1738. p. 114. Lam. ill. t. 164. f. 1.
Vahl. skrivt. af. natur. selfkab 1. t. 1. Lamb. mon. t. 1,
C. stupea, Pav. mss. Cascarilla fina de Uritusinga of the Spa-
niards. This species varies extremely in the form of the leaves.
The celebrated Mutis has, with great propriety, considered his
C. lancifolia the quina Naranganda or Quinquina orange of
Santa Fe, as identical with the Quina fina de Uritucinga of
Humb. et Bonpl. C. Condaminea. Although it is probable that
several species of this important genus afford the Peruvian bark
of the shops, of these three only are admitted into our national
pharmacopoeias, to which the names of C. lancifolia, C. oblongi -
folia, and C. cordifolia have been applied, designating respec-
tively the pale, the red, and the yellow bark. The present
species was first described and figured by the astronomer Con-
1
damine in 1738, in the mem. de l’Acadamie. It is described
by Humboldt as a handsome tree of from 30 to 40 feet in height,
and exuding whenever it is wounded a yellow astringent juice.
The stipulas are acute and silky. The flowers are of a very pale
rose-colour, supported on pedicels, which are powdered and
silky, as well as the calyx. The tube of the corolla is silky,
and the border white and woolly above. This is the pale bark
of the shops.
Lanceolate- leaved Cinchona or Pale Peruvian-bark. Tree
30 to 40 feet.
2 C. cordifolia (Mutis, mss. Humb. in mag. &c. p. 117.
nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 401.) leaves roundish-ovate, cordate at
the base or attenuated, rather pilose beneath and on the branch-
lets, naked and shining above ; panicle brachiate, diffuse, pubes-
cent ; teeth of calyx roundish-mucronulate ; corolla silky on the
outside : limb bearded ; stigma 2-lobed ; capsule oblong-ovate,
cylindrical, ribless. J? . S. Native of Peru, on the mountains
of Loxa, in the kingdom of Quito ; and of New Granada.
Rhode, mon. p. 58. Steph. and Church, med. bot. 3. t. 175.
Quina amarilla. Genitals inclosed. Flowers pale red. This
species is totally distinct from Cinchona purphrea, hirshta, and
ovata of Fl. peruv., which Humboldt and Bonpl. in their before-
mentioned work have given as synonymes of Mutis’s plant. It
differs from C. ovata, Ruiz et Pav. the C. pubescens of Vahl,
with which it has the greatest affinity in the shorter petioles, by
the broader round teeth of the calyx, by the filaments being
twice longer, and, lastly, by its capsules being smooth, and with-
out ribs. The bark of this tree is known to the natives by the
name of Quina amarilla, Cascarilla de Loxa, and Cascarilla
amarilla, and is the yellow or orange bark of the shops. It is
described as a middle-sized tree, with a trunk of moderate thick-
ness, and covered with smooth brownish bark ; the younger
branches are quadrangular. All the species of Cinchona vary
very much in the shape and smoothness of their leaves, accord-
ing to the altitude in which they grow-, to the severity or mild-
ness of the climate, to the trees standing single, or being closely
surrounded by other plants, to the luxuriance of growth, and
the greater and less humidity of the soil. Cordate leaves occur
but seldom in the present species; however, almost every
branch exhibits some of them.
Cinchona bark appears to have been long known as a medi-
cine in Peru; but we have not a satisfactory account at what
period, nor by what means, the febrifugal virtues of this valuable
remedy were first discovered. Some say a patient had been
cured of an intermittent fever by having drank the water of a
lake, which had acquired a bitter taste from Cinchona trees
which had lain in it ; others that a lion had cured himself of
the ague by instinctively chewing Cinchona bark, and had
directed the attention of the Indians to this tree. “ That ani-
mals,” observes Humboldt in his Dissertation on the Cinchona
forests of South America, “ have taught men is a very common
form of the traditions of nations. The valuable antidote Bijuco
del Guaco, a plant described by Mutis, which is probably a
species of Mihania, and has been erroneously confounded with
Ayapana of Brasil, is also said to have attracted the notice
of the Indians, as is affirmed of the Falco serpentarius, by the
Falco Guaco of New Granada fighting with serpents. How-
ever, that the great American lion wdthout mane ( Felis concolor )
should be subject to the ague is just as bold an hypothesis as
the assertion of the inhabitants of the pestilential valley, Gualla
Bamba, near the town of Quito, that even the vultures ( Vultur
aura) in their neighbourhood were subject to that disorder. In-
deed in the regions of the Cinchona forests there is not a Felis
concolor, so fond of warmth, to be found ; but at the most the
cat Puma, not yet properly described, and wdiich we have met
with in heights of 2,500 toises. The story so often copied
FIG. 86.
RUBIACE/E. X. Cinchona.
respecting the Countess Chinchon, vice-queen of Peru, is pro-
bably still more doubtful than it is generally supposed to be.
There certainly was a Count Chinchon, Don Geronimo Fernandez
de Cabrera Bobadella y Mendoza, who was Viceroy of Lima
from 1629 to 1639. It is very probable that his wife, after her
return to Spain in 1640, was the first to introduce the Cinchona
bark to Europe. The name of Pulvis Committissa appears even
more ancient than that of Pulvis Jesuiticus or Pulvis patrum.
But I do not believe that the Corregidor of Loxa, Don Juan
Lopez de Cannizares, who is said to have cured the Countess of
ague, received this remedy from the Indians. In Loxa there is
no tradition whatever of this kind, nor is it probable that the
discovery of the medicinal power of the Cinchona belongs to
the primitive natives of America ; if it is also considered that
these natives (like the Hindoos) adhere with unalterable pertina-
city to their customs, to their food, and to their nostrums ; and
that notwithstanding all this the use of the Cinchona bark is
entirely unknown to them in Loxa, Guamcabamba, and far
around. In the deep and hot valleys of the mountains of Cata-
mango, Rio Calvas, and Macara, agues are extremely common.
But the natives there, as well as in Loxa, of whatever cast,
would die rather than have recourse to Cinchona bark, which,
together with opiates, they place in the class of poisons, exciting
mortification. The Indians cure themselves by lemonades, by
the oleaginous aromatic peel of the small green wild lemon,
by infusions of Scoparia diilcis, and by strong coffee. In
Malacatis only, where many bark-peelers live, they begin to
put confidence in the Cinchona bark. In Loxa, there is no
document to be found which can elucidate the history of the
discovery of the Cinchona ; an old tradition, however, is current
there, that the Jesuits, at the felling of the wood, had distin-
guished, according to the custom of the country, the different
kind of trees by chewing their barks ; and that on such occa-
sions they had taken notice of the considerable bitterness of that
of the Cinchona. There being always medical practitioners
among the missionaries, it is said they had tried an infusion of
the Cinchona in the tertian ague, a complaint which is very com-
mon in that part of the country. This tradition is less impro-
bable than the assertion of European authors, and among them
the late writers Ruiz and Pavor, who ascribe the discovery to
the Indians. The medicinal powers of the Cinchona was like-
wise entirely unknown to the inhabitants of the kingdom of New
Granada.”
Cinchona bark is stripped from the trunk and branches in the
dry season, from September to November ; it is dried by expo-
sure to the sun, and after being imported into Europe is sorted
for sale. It is brought to this country in chests, each of which
contains from 100 to 200 pounds weight of bark, mixed with
dust and other impurities. According to Humboldt, the quan-
tity of this drug annually exported from America is from 12,000
to 14,000 quintals. The kingdom of Santa Fe furnishes 2000 of
these, which are sent from Carthagena ; 110 are furnished by
Loxa, and the provinces of Huamanga, Cuenca, and Jean de
Bracamoros, and the thick forests of Guamcabamba and Ayavaca,
furnish the rest, which is shipped from Lima, Guayaquil, Payta,
and other ports on the South Sea.
The pale bark of the shops, the Quina Naranjada, and Casca-
rillajina de Uritusinga of the Spaniards, which is obtained from
C. lanceolata, is preferred in South America to all the other
kinds of bark. It is in pieces, 5 or 6 inches long, singly or
doubly convoluted, externally of a greyish brown colour, to
which crusts of lichens often adhere, and is internally when fresh
broken of a bright cinnamon hue. There are often intermixed
with this others of a coarser texture, thicker, and nearly flat,
which appears to be obtained from the trunk and larger
branches. The fracture is smooth and even ; its powder is of a
475
pale colour; its taste is bitter and astringent ; its smell peculiar
and aromatic.
The yellow bark, named Quina amarilla, Cascarilla de Loxa ,
and Cascarilla amarilla, is less rolled than the pale bark, and
the pieces are larger and thicker. Externally it is of a greyish
brown, and covered with lichens ; internally of a much deeper
orange than the pale bark. It has a more bitter taste, with a
less aromatic odour, and with scarcely any sensible degree of
astringency.
The red bark is sometimes rolled, but more commonly in
flat thick pieces, covered with rough entire reddish brown epi-
dermis. It has a smooth fracture. It is composed of three
layers ; the inner one being of a dark ferruginous colour, it is
more bitter and astringent than the pale and yellow bark.
These three kinds of bark are only distinguished in Britain ;
but M. Von Bergen, a drug broker of Hamburgh, who has writ-
ten a valuable monograph on the Cinchonas, enumerates eight
kinds as distinguished in commerce ; and the drug merchants of
Spain enumerate about 50 different kinds of bark : these are
probably obtained from as many species of Cinchona, or several
of them may be obtained from the same species — the difference
depending upon the age, state, and habitats of the trees.
Qualities and chemical properties. — Few vegetable substances
have undergone so many analyses, by the most eminent chem-
ists, as the different varieties of Peruvian bark. The basis of
all of them is woody fibre, combined with which are various
principles capable of being abstracted by different solvents. The
taste of all is more or less bitter and astringent. Boiling water
extracts all their active principles, affording a solution of a pale
brown colour ; this infusion is transparent when hot, but on
cooling becomes turbid, and a precipitate is deposited, which is
soluble in alcohol. The decoction has a very astringent taste,
and a deep brown colour. By long boiling the virtues are nearly
destroyed, owing to the chemical change and precipitation of its
active matter. Alcohol, in all its modifications, is a powerful
solvent of the active principles of Cinchona. A saturated solu-
tion of ammonia is also a solvent of them, but acetate acid acts
less imperfectly than even water. Vauquelin found that an in-
fusion of the pale bark reddened litmus paper ; was copiously
precipitated by solution of galls, and in a smaller degree in yel-
lowish flocculent flakes by solution of isinglass. A solution of
tartar emetic was rendered turbid, and slowly precipitated by it;
solution of superacetate of lead produces quickly a copious
precipitate. The addition of a solution of the sulphate of iron
to the infusion changed the colour to a bright olive green, but was
scarcely precipitated. The powder macerated in sulphuric acid
afforded a golden yellow tincture, which reddened litmus paper,
and left a pellicle of bitter resin when evaporated on the surface
of water, to which it gave the colour of the tincture. This
coloured water did not precipitate the solution of galls and of
tartar emetic, and occasioned no precipitate on the addition of
the solution of sulphate of iron. With alcohol it produced a
deep orange coloured tincture, which precipitated sulphate of
iron, tartarized antimony, and tannin. The agency of the dif-
ferent menstrua on the red and yellow varieties of the Cinchona
produce nearly the same results as on the common or pale bark.
The filtered solution of yellow bark has a pale golden hue, with
a shade of red ; it is bitter, reddens litmus paper, and precipi-
tates solution of galls. On adding a solution of isinglass, a
pinkish yellow precipitate is produced ; superacetate throws
down a precipitate ; tartarised antimony gives a precipitate in
pale yellowish flakes. A solution of the sulphate of iron changes
its colour to a bluish green, and slowly lets fall a precipitate of
the same colour. The alcoholic tincture appears to be in every
respect the same as that afforded by the pale bark. The red
bark has a more nauseous taste than the barks of the other species.
3 p 2
476
RUBIACEjE. X. Cinchona.
The aqueous infusion is of a pale ruby colour ; its action on the
solutions of galls and of isinglass is nearly the same as those
of the two former species, but it is not altered by tartarised anti-
mony, nor by the superacetate of lead ; and the solution of iron
occasions a dirty yellow colour only, little being precipitated.
The alcoholic tincture is of a deep brownish red colour, and
precipitates the solution of the sulphates of iron and of tartarised
antimony ; the former of a black colour, and the latter red.
From the experiments of Vauquelin, Fabroni, and others, it ap-
pears that the active principles of Cinchonas consist chiefly of
cinchonine, resin, extractive gluten, a very small portion of vola-
tile oil, and tannin. Vauquelin has determined the presence of
a peculiar acid, to which he gives the name of kinic acid, in
some varieties of the bark. The following are the most im-
portant results that have been obtained by MM. Pelletier and
Caventou, respecting the composition of the three officinal
species. — 1st, In pale bark they found acidulous kinate of cincho-
nine, a green fatty matter, which they term red cinchonine ;
tannin, a yellow colouring matter, kinate of lime, gum, starch,
and woody fibre. 2nd, In yellow bark they found that the alka-
line base differs from cinchonine in being uncrystallizable, very
soluble in ether, and forming salts with the acids very different
from those of cinchonine. The chemical constituents of the yel-
low bark are an acidulous kinate of this salt, which they have
named quinine, a deep yellow fatty matter, red cinchonine,
tannin, yellow colouring matter, kinate of lime, starch, and
woody fibre. 3rd, Red bark contains acidulous kinate of cin-
chonine, kinate of quinine, reddish fatty matter, red cincho-
nine, tannin, kinate of lime, yellow colouring matter, starch, and
woody fibre. The difference between the pale, the red, and the
yellow' barks, depends principally on the quantity of the two
alkaline bodies, cinchonine and quinine, found in them. The
pale bark contains cinchonine, but a very small portion of qui-
nine ; the alkali, again, which predominates in the yellow bark,
is quinine ; while in the red bark, and some spurious kinds,
there is a combination of both these substances. The presence
of cinchonine, as a distinct vegetable principle, was first dis-
covered in Peruvian bark by Dr. Duncan, of Edinburgh.
The separation of cinchonine from the pale bark, and of qui-
nine from the yellow bark, is a very simple operation. It con-
sists in digesting the bark, coarsely powdered, in weak sulphuric
acid, and then to repeat this digestion with about half the quan-
tity of liquid, till all the soluble matter is extracted. To this
decoction a small quantity of powdered slacked lime is added,
somewhat greater than is necessary to saturate the acid ; the
precipitate that ensues (a mixture of cinchonine and the sulphate
of lime,) is collected, dried, and boiled for a few minutes in
alcohol, which takes up the cinchonine, but will not dissolve the
sulphate of lime ; the solution is decanted off while still hot, and
fresh portions successively added for the repetition of the same
operation, until it ceases to act on the residuum, which is then
merely sulphate of lime. The different alcoholic solutions are
then put into a retort, and considerably evaporated, during which
and on cooling acicular crystals of cinchonine are deposited.
By repeating the solution once or twice, in boiling alcohol, and
again crystallizing, the cinchonine will be obtained in a per-
fectly pure state. Its crystals are semi-transparent, have a
pearly lustre, and are usually obtained in the form of small
needles. It has but little taste, and requires 700 parts of water
for its solution, but boiling alcohol dissolves it much more abun-
dantly ; it is sparingly soluble in oils and sulphuric ether. At a
moderate heat it is partly volatilized, and partly decomposed.
It combines with different acids, forming neutral salts. Mr.
Brande found that it contained no oxygen, 100 parts consisting of
about 80 parts of carbon, 1 3 of nitrogen, and 7 hydrogen. It has
an intensely bitter taste, and exerts the same action on the animal
economy as the bark itself, but it is less generally used in medi-
cine than the other active principle of the bark, quinine, because
the yellow bark from which it is procured is more plentiful ; the
quinine, therefore, is cheaper than cinchonine, and equally effi-
cacious. Quinine may be obtained from the yellow bark in the
same manner as cinchonine is prepared from the pale bark, or
by adding an alkali to the solution of the sulphate of quinine.
Quinine is not crystallizable like cinchonine, but on the applica-
tion of heat it melts into a kind of paste. It has a much more
bitter taste than the other, and is very sparingly soluble in water.
They differ also remarkably in their chemical composition, cin-
chonine containing no oxygen, w'hile in quinine there is a notable
proportion of this element. According to Mr. Brande, it con-
sists of about 5.55 parts of oxygen, 7.65 hydrogen, 13 nitrogen,
73.80 carbon. By digesting quinine in a weak solution of sul-
phuric acid, the sulphate of quinine is obtained, which is the
salt now generally used for medicinal purposes. The most ap-
proved process for preparing this salt was pointed out by Mr.
Henry. A kilogramme of bark (2 lbs. 3 oz. 5 dr.) is reduced
to a coarse powder, and boiled twice for about a quarter of an
hour in 14 or 15 pints of water, 2 ounces of sulphuric acid being
added to it each time. The decoctions containing the sulphate
of quinine are of a reddish colour, which gradually acquire a
yellow tint, and have a very strong bitter taste. They are to be
filtered through a linen cloth, and about half a pound of powdered
quicklime added to the solution. The sulphate of quinine is
decomposed in this manner, the alkali being precipitated along
with the sulphate of lime. This is digested repeatedly in alco-
hol, till it no longer imparts any bitter taste to this fluid ; the
alcoholic solutions are then evaporated till a very bitter viscid
substance is obtained, which becomes brittle as it cools. This
is the quinine separated from almost all the other ingredients of
the bark, and by digesting it in dilute sulphuric acid a solution
of sulphate of quinine is obtained, which crystallizes on evapo-
ration. It is a white pulverulent substance; it crystallizes in
small white 4-sided prisms, which are distinguished by their pearly
lustre. It is not very soluble, therefore not affording a very
bitter taste; but by adding a drop or two of acid to the solu-
tion, its solubility is increased, and then it becomes intensely bit-
ter. It is decomposed by the alkalies and earths ; it volatilizes
at a moderate heat, and it can unite with an excess of acid, form-
ing a bisulphate of quinine. The sulphate of quinine is fre-
quently adulterated with starch, pipe-clay, and various other sub-
stances. To determine its purity, the simple process of heating
it is sufficient ; if it evaporate entirely without charring and melt-
ing, it is pure ; but if it should turn black or smell sweetish, it
is probable that sugar or starch is present. Pure quinine is sel-
dom used in medicine, but the sulphate possesses in a very emi-
nent degree the medicinal properties of Peruvian bark, one
grain, or one grain and a half, being equivalent to a drachm of
the bark in substance. In Paris it has superseded, in a great
measure, the Peruvian bark, and is now extensively used in this
country in all cases where that valuable medicine is indicated, in
doses of from 2 to 5 grains.
Medical properties and uses. — Peruvian bark has been long
known as one of the most powerful and valuable tonics we pos-
sess, and may be administered with great freedom in all cases
where that class of remedies are indicated. The only effects of
an overdose are headache and nausea. It also possesses anti-
septic and astringent powers in a very eminent degree, and is
universally employed as a febrifuge in the cure of intermittent
and remittent fever, in diseases of debility, such as typhus,
cynanche maligna, in passive haemorrhages, confluent small pox,
in dysentery, in some cutaneous diseases, as lichen agrius, and
livida, in purpurea, in some varieties of erysipelas, in gangrene,
in dyspepsia, and even in acute rheumatism and gout. The
RUBIACEiE. X. Cinchona.
477
decoction of yellow cinchona bark, given in large quantities, is
the best antidote to the poison of tartar-emetic.
Corda te-feaeedCinchona or YellowPeruvian-bark. Tr.30 to 40 ft.
3 C. rotundifolia (Pavon, mss. Lamb, cinch, p. 5.) leaves
roundish, naked above and shining, pilose beneath and on the
branchlets ; panicle brachiate, pubescent; calycine teeth very
short ; corolla clothed by silky tomentum outside, with a
bearded limb ; style exserted ; stigma bipartite ; capsule linear,
terete. T? . S. Native of Peru, in the forests of Loxa, in the
province of Quito. Segments of corolla ovate. Anthers shorter
than the filaments. Lobes of stigma linear, flat, and obtuse.
This is a very distinct species, being easily distinguished from
all its congeners by its narrow cylindrical capsules, and by the
narrow linear divisions of the stigma.
Round-leaved Cinchona. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
4 C. ovalifolia (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 65. t. 19.
nov. gen. 3. p. 403.) leaves oval or obovate, naked above and
shining, but pilose on the veins beneath ; calycine teeth ovate,
acute ; corolla clothed by silky tomentum outside, with a
bearded limb ; anthers twice longer than the filaments ; stigma
bipartite ; capsules oval, constricted at the apex. • S* Native
of Peru, in the forests of Loxa, in the kingdom of Quito ; Pa-
von ; and on the Andes of Peru, near Cuenca ; Humboldt and
Bonpland. Panicle brachiate, pubescent. Flowers white. Seg-
ments of corolla linear. Lobes of stigma linear, obtuse. This
species must not be confounded with the C. ovalifolia of Mutis,
the C. macrocarpa of Vahl, or Quinquina blanc of New Granada,
which are totally different.
Oval-leaved Cinchona. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
5 C. purpu'rea (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 52. t. 193 )
leaves oval or ovate, acute at the apex, and attenuated at the
base, at length naked on both surfaces and shining ; panicle
corymbose, pubescent ; anthers shorter than the filaments, but
exceeding the throat ; corolla clothed by silky tomentum out-
side, with a bearded limb ; stigma 2-lobed, inclosed ; capsules
narrow, ovate-oblong, attenuated at the apex. T? . S. Native
of the lower mountains of the Andes, in forests, at Chinchao,
Pati, Muna, Casape, Casapillo, &c. (Pavon) ; and of the Andes
of Peru, near the city of Jaen de Bracamoros. C. scrobicu-
laris, Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 165. t. 47. nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 402. Cascarilla fina Bracamorensium and Cascarilla
morada, Ruiz, quinol. p. 67. Cascarilla bobo de hogamorada.
Corolla rose coloured. Capsule bisulcate, pubescent when young,
but glabrous in the adult state. This is distinguished from the
preceding species by its more acute smoother leaves ; by its
corymbose panicles ; by its filaments being longer than the an-
thers, and their surpassing the throat of the corolla ; by the
capsules, which are ovate-oblong, narrowed, and without ribs ;
and, lastly, by the shorter and broader lobes of the stigma.
Pt/rpZe-flowered Cinchona. Tree 40 feet.
6 C. pube'scens (Vahl, in act. havn. 1. p. 19. t. 2. Lamb,
mon. t. 2.) leaves broad-ovate, or roundish-ovate, acute, on long
petioles, rounded at the base or acutish, naked and shining
above, but clothed with pilose tomentum beneath, as well as the
branchlets ; panicle brachiate, diffuse, clothed with rusty tomen-
tum ; corolla clothed by silky down on the outside, with a
bearded limb ; anthers almost sessile ; stigma 2-lobed ; capsule
oval-oblong, obsoletely ribbed, tomentose. J? . S. Native of
Peru, in forests on the lower mountains of the Andes, towards
Puzuzo and Panao ; and also of the forests of Huanuco, Ruiz et
Pavon. C. ovtita, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 52. t. 195. Cas-
carilla pallida, Ruiz, quinol. p. 74. Cascarillo de Pato de Gal-
lareta. Petioles 2 inches long. Teeth of calyx very short,
acute. Corolla purplish outside and white inside, with ovate
obtuse segments. Genitals inclosed. Style exceeding the an-
thers. Lobes of stigma ovate.
Pubescent Cinchona. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
7 C. micra'ntha (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 52. t. 194.)
leaves broad, oval or obovate, naked and shining above, but
pilose in the axils of the veins beneath ; panicle crowded, pubes-
cent ; anthers shorter than the filaments, hardly exserted ; style
very short ; stigma 2-lobed ; capsule elliptic, attenuated at the
apex. T? . S. Native of the Andes of Peru, in cold elevated
forests towards St. Antonio de Playa Grande, where it was first
observed by John Tafalla. Corolla clothed with silky down on
the outside, with a bearded limb, and ovate segments. Calycine
teeth very short, acute. Lobes of stigma ovate. Capsule bisul-
cate, ribless. This species has some affinity with C. Condami-
nea , but its small flowers, and elliptical ribless capsules, together
with its very short style, and other marks, readily distinguish it.
Small-flowered Cinchona. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
8 C. Humboldtia'na (Lamb, cinch, p. 7.) leaves lanceolate,
acute at both ends, naked above, but villous beneath, as well as
on the branchlets ; panicle glomerate, villous ; calycine teeth
very short, acute ; corolla clothed by silky down outside, with
a bearded limb ; anthers sessile, inclosed ; stigma exserted,
emarginate; capsules ovate, hairy, glomerate. . S. Native
of Peru, in the kingdom of Quito, in forests near the town of
Jaen de Bracamoros. Pavon. This is a strongly marked and
very distinct species ; there is none with which it can be con-
founded ; it is the C. villosa, Pavon, mss.
Humboldt's Cinchona. Tree.
9 C. glanduli'fera (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. t. 224.) leaves
oval, acutish at both ends, naked and shining above, very pilose
beneath, as well as on the branchlets, with undulated rather re-
volute margins ; panicle brachiate, very pilose ; corolla pilose
outside, with a bearded limb ; calycine teeth very short, mucro-
nulate ; segments of corolla ovate ; stigma emarginate ; cap-
sules ovate, drooping. f? . S. Native of Peru, in the kingdom
of Quito, at Loxa. Pavon. C. microphylla, Mutis, mss. C.
quercifolia, Pavon, mss. C. Mutisii, Lamb, cinch, p. 9. An-
thers exserted, shorter than the filaments. Corolla white.
Var. ft; leaves oval, obtuse, rounded at the base, and rather
cordate. P; . S. C. quercifolia, var. crispa, Pavon, mss.
Gland-bearing Cinchona. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
10 C. hirsu'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 51. t. 192.)
leaves oval, acute at the base, beset with bristly hairs, as well as
the branchlets, veiny above, and at length naked ; flowers glo-
merate, beset with bristly hairs ; calycine segments lanceolate,
acuminated ; corolla pilose outside, with a bearded limb ; stigma
2-lobed; capsule ovate. T? • S. Native of Peru, on the Andes,
in forests in cold elevated places, towards Pillao and Acomayo.
Ruiz et Pavon. Cascarilla delgado, Ruiz, quinol. p. 60. Flowers
red. Humboldt and Bonpland have confounded this with the C.
cordifolia of Mutis, with which it has not the least resemblance.
Hairy Cinchona. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
11C. stenoca'rpa (Lamb, cinch, p. 13.) leaves lanceolate,
acute at both ends, naked above, but pilose on the veins beneath ;
teeth of calyx ovate, acute ; corolla clothed by silky tomen-
tum outside, with a glabrous limb ; anthers sessile ; style very
short ; stigma emarginate ; capsule linear, terete. T? . S. Na-
tive of Peru, in forests in the kingdom of Quito, near the city
of Jaen de Bracamoros. Pavon. C. species nova, Pavon, mss.
Panicle diffusely branched, pubescent. Segments of the corolla
linear, obtuse. Very like C. Condamtnea, but very distinct.
Narrow-fruited Cinchona. Tree.
12 C. caduciflora (Bonpl. in pi. equin. 1. p. 167. FI. B. et
Kunth, nov gen. amer. 3. p. 411.) leaves broad-obovate, acute at
the base, naked and shining above, but pilose in the axils of the
veins beneath ; panicle brachiate, pubescent ; calycine teeth
ovate, obtuse ; corolla clothed with silky down outside, having
the limb glabrous above, and the segments linear-oblong ; an.
478
RUBIACE7E. X. Cinchona.
thers a little exserted ; style very short ; stigma bipartite ; cap-
sules oval-oblong. fj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes, near
the city of Jaen de Bracamoros. Humboldt and Bonpland. C.
magnifolia, Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 139. t. 39. exclu-
sive of the synonyme of Flora Peruviana. Cascarilla bova of
the Peruvians. Segments of corolla shorter than the tube.
Lobes of stigma linear, flat.
Caducous-flowered Cinchona. Tree 100 feet.
§ 2. Capsule dehiscing at the apex. — Aberrant species.
13 C. macroca'rpa (Vahl, in act. havn. 1. p. 20. t. 3. exclu-
sive of the synonymes. Lamb. mon. p. 22. t. 3.) leaves broad-
elliptic, very blunt, densely clothed with rough tomentum be-
neath, as well as on the branches ; calyx entire, with rather pro-
minent teeth ; corolla large, clothed by silky down outside, with
a bearded limb, and lanceolate segments, which are recurved
at the apex ; genitals inclosed ; stigma emarginate ; capsule
pear-shaped, tomentose. . S. Native of Peru, in the forests
of Loxa, Guayaquil, and Cuenca ; and of New Granada. C.
ovalifolia, Mutis, mss. Humb. in mag. &c. p. 118. Cosmibuena
species nov. Pavon, mss. Called Quina blanca, and Quinquina
blanc de Santa Fe. Corymbs few-flowered. Calyx urceolate,
entire. Style furrowed. This species ought not to be con-
founded with the C. ovalifolia of Humb., to which it has not the
least resemblance.
Large-fruited Cinchona. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
14 C. oblongifolia (Mutis, mss. Humb. in mag. &c. p.
118. Rhode, mon. p. 57. exclusive of the synonymes,) leaves
oblong or cordate, densely clothed with scabrous hairs on both
surfaces, as well as the branchlets ; panicle brachiate, corym-
bose, scabrous from hairs ; segments of corolla pilose outside,
but glabrous inside, linear ; genitals inclosed ; anthers 3 times
longer than the filaments ; stigma bipartite ; capsules ovate. Jj .
S. Native of Peru, in forests in the mountains of Loxa ; and of
New Granada, near Maraquita. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 401. exclusive of syn. of fl. per. and Ruiz, quinol.
Called Quina roga and Cinchona vulgo Azahar. Flowers white.
This is a very distinct plant from C. magnifolia of Ruiz et Pav.
It is distinguished from it by its leaves being rounded at the
base, often cordate, covered on both sides with rough pilose
tomentum, sometimes the older leaves, however, become nearly
naked above ; the corolla is covered on the outside with bristly
pilose hairs, while that of C. magnifolia has short down, and in
the shape of the capsules.
Oblong-leaved Cinchona. Tree 12 to 20 feet.
15 C. magnifolia (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 52. t. 196. but
not of Humb. et Bonpl.) leaves broad-roundish-oval, naked and
shining above, and densely clothed with tomentum beneath ; pa-
nicle brachiate, corymbose, tomentose ; calycine teeth short, acute ;
corolla clothed with silky tomentum outside, but having the
limb glabrous above, and the segments lanceolate ; anthers in-
closed ; style exserted ; stigma bipartite ; capsules linear, terete.
Jj . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in very hot places in
forests, on the banks of mountain streams, at Chinchao, Cuchero,
and Chacahuassi. Ruiz et Pavon. C. oblongifolia, Steph. and
Churchill, med. bot. 4. t. 184. Cascarilla amarilla, Ruiz, quinol.
p. 71. This species of Cinchona is regarded as yielding the red
bark of the shops. Flow’ers white, sweet-scented.
Large-leaved Cinchona or Red Peruvian-bark. Tree 40 ft.
16 C. Pavonii (Lamb, cinch, p. 8.) leaves orbicular or cor-
date, naked above, but clothed with rusty tomentum beneath,
as well as the branchlets ; corymbs clothed with rusty tomen-
tum ; calyx urceolate, entire, obsoletely denticulated ; tube of
corolla very long, clothed by silky tomentum outside, with a
bearded limb ; anthers sessile ; stigma deeply bipartite ; cap-
sules very long, terete. . S. Native of Peru, in the king-
dom of Quito, in groves at Loxa. C. cava, Pavon, mss.
Called Canela. Corymbs crowded with flowers. Corollas large,
with ovate-oblong obtuse segments ; anthers hardly exserted
above the throat. Style inclosed ; lobes of stigma linear, obtuse,
with revolute edges. Capsule length and thickness of a finger.
This species has considerable affinity with C. macrocarpa. The
form of its leaves, the deeply bipartite stigma, its very long
cylindrical capsules, how’ever, widely separate it.
Pavon’ s Cinchona. Tree.
17 C. acutifolia (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 51. t. 225.)
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, naked and shining above, but pilose
at the veins beneath ; segments of the calyx linear-oblong, obtuse ;
corolla clothed with silky tomentum on the outside, having the
limb glabrous above, and the segments linear, acute ; genitals
inclosed ; stigma bipartite ; capsule pear-shaped, hairy, attenu-
ated at the base. Ij . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in
groves at the river Chilcoplaya. Cascarilla detropa aguda, Ruiz
et Pav. suppl. quinol. p. 8. Panicle brachiate, densely clothed
with pili. Lobes of stigma linear, obtuse.
Acute-leaved Cinchona. Tree 20 feet.
1 8 C. hexa'nbra ; leaves large, oval, obtuse, clothed with
ochraceous villi beneath, as well as on the branchlets and flowers ;
corollas 5-6-cleft ; stamens 5-6. I? . S. Native of Brazil, in
mountain woods, in the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas
Geraes. Buena hexandra, Pohl. pi. bras. 1. p. 10. t. 8. China,
Eschwege, journ. bras. 2. p. 86. Quino do Rio de Janeiro, mem.
acad. Lisb. 3. pt. 2. p. 96. The bark is thin, of a bay colour
on the outside, but blood-coloured within, very bitter, and is
used by the Brazilians as a febrifuge, in place of Peruvian bark.
Corolla purple.
Hexandrous Cinchona. Tree.
§ 3. Flowers disposed in interrupted elongated axillary racemes.
Corollas villous on the outside. Capsules dehiscing from the apex.
Seeds peltate , girded by a membranous wing. — Remijia, D. C.
bibl. univ. 1829. scienc. vol. 2. p. 185. prod. 4. p. 357. The
species are called Quina de Serra or Quina de Remijo throughout
Brazil.
19 C.ferruginea (St. Hil. append, voy. p. 8. pi. usuel. bras.
1. t. 3.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather narrow’, coriaceous,
clothed with rusty villi beneath, as well as the branches, with
revolute margins ; racemes interrupted, hardly branched ; co-
rolla tomentose outside. 1? . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
vince of Minas Geraes, on arid mountains. Remijia ferruginea,
D. C. prod. 4. p. 357. — Macrocnemum no. 1. Velloz. in Vand.
fl. p. 14. Leaves usually 3 in a whorl. The fascicles of flowers
on the raceme are opposite. The bark is bitter and astringent,
and is used in place of Peruvian bark in Brazil, under the names
of Quina de Remijo and Quina de Serra.
Rusty Cinchona. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
20 C. Vello'zii (St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. p. 1. no. 2.) leaves
ovate, coriaceous, acuminated at both ends, clothed with rusty
villi beneath as well as on the branchlets ; racemes interrupted,
hardly branched ; corolla tomentose outside. • S. Native
along with the preceding. Remijia Vellozii, D. C. prod. 4. p.
357. — Macrocnemum, no. 2. Veil, in Vand. fl. p. 14. This
differs from the preceding species in the flowers being on shorter
pedicels, in the bracteas being less linear, and in the flow’ers
being longer and more numerous. Fascicles of flowers on the
racemes3 opposite. The bark of the species is used in Brazil
in place of Peruvian bark, under the name of Quina de Serra.
Vellozi’s Cinchona. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
21 C. Remijia na (St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. p. 1. no. 2. in a
note) leaves broad-elliptic, obtuse, cuspidate : the upper ones
decurrent at the base, clothed with rusty villi beneath, as well
as the branchlets ; racemes interrupted, hardly branched ; corolla
RUBIACEiE. X. Cinchona. XI. Cosmibuena. XII. Lasionema.
479
villous on the outside. I? . S. Native of Brazil, along with
the two preceding species. C. Remyana, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
705. Remijia Hilarii, D. C. prod. 4. p. 357. Clusters of
flowers opposite, on the raceme. The bark of this species is
also used in place of Peruvian bark, under the name of Quina
de Remijo.
Remijo’s Cinchona. Shrub.
22 C. Candollii ; leaves oblong, acute, attenuated at the base,
undulated, coriaceous ; panicles axillary, verticillately branched :
the branches interruptedly racemose ; corolla villous on the
outside. 1? . S. Native of Brazil. Remijia paniculata, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 357. Branches trigonal. Branches and branchlets
of panicle angular. Leaves clothed with rusty down beneath,
as well as the branchlets and panicle. Fruit unknown.
De Candolle’s Cinchona. Shrub.
t Species not sufficiently known.
23 C. Pela'lba (Pav. quinol. ined. D. C. bibl. univ. 1829.
&c.) leaves roundish, hardly apiculated, membranous, beset with
velvety hairs on the petioles and on the nerves beneath, and
velvety between the nerves, but puberulous above ; stipulas
oval, obtuse, equal in length to the petioles ; panicle glabrous,
much branched ; fruit oblong-terete, crowned by the calyx,
glabrous. 1? . S. Native of South America, and probably of
Peru. This is a very distinct species. Fruit 6-7 lines long.
Stipulas an inch long.
Pelalba Cinchona. Tree.
24 C. Muzone'nsis (Goudot, in phil. mag. 1828. febr. p. 132.)
leaves ovate-oblong, acute, attenuated at the base ; stipulas
revolute ; panicle brachiate ; corolla white, with a bearded limb.
T? . S. Native of Columbia, in the extensive forests about the
town of Muzo.
Muzo Cinchona. Tree.
25 C. Lambertia'na (Mart, in hot. zeitung, no. 7. p. 119.
1831.) leaves petiolate, oval, rather cordate, bluntish, glabrous
above and shining, soft and opaque beneath, and pilose on the
nerves ; cymes compound, terminal ; fruit cylindrical, ribbed,
glabrous, dehiscing on one side ; seeds girded by a narrow
jagged margin. Tj . S. Native of South America, on the
banks of the Amazon.
Lambert's Cinchona. Tree.
26 C. Bergia'na (Mart, in bot. zeit. no. 7. p. 119. 1831.)
branches and all the younger parts of the tree clothed with
rusty hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering into the short
petioles, flat ; thyrse axillary, interrupted, brachiate at the
base ; capsule oblong-cylindrical. 1? • S. Native of South
America, on the banks of the Amazon.
Bergius’s Cinchona. Tree.
Cult. All the species of this very interesting genus are grown
with great difficulty in the stoves of our gardens. The best
soil for them is a mixture of turfy loam and sandy peat. Cut-
tings should be taken off when ripe, and planted in a pot of
sand, which should be plunged under a hand-glass in a moist
heat.
XI. COSMIBUE'NA (named by Ruiz and Pavon after
Cosimi Bueno, a Spanish physician, who has written on the
natural history of Peru). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 3. but not
of their prod. D. Don, in Lin. trans. vol. 17. ined. — Buena,
Pohl. fl. bras. 1. p. 8. D. C. prod. 4. p. 356. but not of Cav. —
Cinchona species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co-
rolla tubular, with a 5-lobed limb, which is imbricate in aesti-
vation. Anthers oblong, exserted. Stigma bipartite. Capsule
somewhat 4-celled, mnny-seeded, dehiscing from the apex.
Dissepiment semiferous, double from the revolute margins of
the valves. Seeds narrow, ramentaceous, fibrous at the extre-
mities.— Smoothish trees, natives of South America, with ovate,
coriaceous leaves, on short petioles ; oval, large, obtuse stipulas,
and cymose inflorescence. The bark of these trees is used like
those of Cinchona.
1 C. obtusieo'lia (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 3. t. 198.) leaves
obovate, very obtuse, naked, and shining on both surfaces ;
corymbs few-flowered, glabrous ; calycine teeth ovate, acute ;
corolla glabrous, with a large tube ; anthers sessile, inclosed ;
stigma 2-lobed ; capsules elongated, terete. 1? . S. Native of
Peru, in forests towards Pozozo, on the banks of streams ; also
at Pueblo Nuevo de St. Antonio de Chicoplaya. Cinchona
grandiflora, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 54. t. 198. Cinchona
China, Lop. Ruiz, in fl. per. 3. p. 4. Buena obtusifolia, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 356. Segments of corolla broad, ovate, flat, fleshy.
Anthers linear. Style exserted. Lobes of stigma ovate, ob-
tuse, thick. Capsule naked. The flowers are of a brilliant
white, and large, which, together with its green shining leaves
form a striking contrast in its native forests. It delights in the
warmest regions of Peru.
Blunt-leaved Cosmibuena. Tree 20 feet.
2 C. acumina'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 4. t. 226.) leaves
ovate, short-acuminated, naked and shining on both surfaces ;
flowers terminal, almost solitary, glabrous ; calycine teeth ob-
long-ovate, bluntish ; tube of corolla very long, and narrow ;
genitals hardly exserted ; stigma 2-lobed ; capsule oblong, cy-
lindrical. Pj . S. Native of Peru, in forests on the lower
Andes, at Chicoplaya, where it was gathered by John Tafalla.
Buena acuminata, D. C. prod. 4. p. 356. Cinchona acuminata,
Poir. and Spreng. Flowers large, white. Segments of corolla
broad-ovate. Anthers linear, sessile. Lobes of stigma oblong,
thick, and blunt.
Acuminated-Xco-Vcd Cosmibuena. -Tree 20 feet.
3 C. dichotoma : leaves elliptic, short-acuminated, at length
naked on both surfaces, acute at the base, when young silky ;
peduncles terminal, dichotomous, few-flowered ; calycine teetli
very short ; capsules linear, very long, terete. • S. Native
of Peru, in forests towards Pueblo-Nuevo, in the tract of the
Chicoplaya, where it was first detected by John Tafalla. Cin-
chona dichotoma, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 53. t. 197. All
the specimens collected by Tafalla, now in the collection of
Mr. Lambert, are in a fruit-bearing state, so that the flowers
still remain unknown ; they are, however, probably white and
glabrous, like the other species.
Dichotomous-\>ed\.mc\ed. Cosmibuena. Tree 20 feet.
Cult. See Cinchona above, for culture and propagation.
XII. LASIONE'MA (from Xaaiog, lasios, woolly, and vr)ga,
nema, a filament ; in reference to the filaments, which are bearded
in the middle). D. Don, in Lin. trans. vol. 17. ined. — Cinchona
species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co-
rolla tubular, with a 5-lobed limb, which is imbricate in aesti-
vation. Stamens exserted ; filaments bearded in the middle ;
anthers roundish, peltate : cells loosened at the base. Stigma
2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing in the middle of the cells,
many-seeded : having the dissepiment complete. Seeds small
and narrow. — A tree, native of Peru, with panicled inflores-
cence.
1 L. ro'sea (D. Don, in Lin. trans. vol. 17. ined.). fj • S.
Native of Peru, on the Andes at Puzuzo, and in the tract of
St. Antonio de Playa Grande. Cinchona rosea, Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 54. t. 199. Cinchona Tarantarum, Pavon. mss.
Cascarilla Pardo, Ruiz, quinol. p. 77. Leaves lanceolate-ovate,
acute at both ends, naked, and shining on both surfaces. Pa-
nicle crowded. Corolla tubular, rose-coloured : segments broad-
480
RUBIACEiE. XIII. Lucueia. XIV. Hymenodictyon. XV. Exostejima.
ovate. Capsules ovate, bisulcate, glabrous. Humboldt, on the
authority of Zea, has joined this with Cinchona lancifolia of
Mutis, with which it has not the least affinity. Called Asmonich
in Peru.
7?ose-coloured-flowered Lasionema. Tree.
Cult. See Cinchona, p. 479. for culture and propagation.
XIII. LUCU'LIA (Luculi srva is the name given to the tree
by the Nipaulese). Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 145. D. C. prod.
4. p. 357. D. Don, in Lin. trans. vol. 17. ined.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 87.
c.) ; segments foliaceous. Corolla tubular, with a 5-lobed limb,
which is imbricate in aestivation. Stamens almost inclosed (f.
87. a.). Anthers linear. Stigma bipartite (f. 87. b.) Capsule
2-celled (f. 87. 6.), dehiscing at the dissepiment from the apex,
many-seeded, crowned by the calyx. Seeds samaroid, sur-
rounded by a jagged membranous margin. — A tree, native of
Nipaul : having cymose bracteate inflorescence.
1 L. GRAifssiMA (Sweet, 1. c.). . F. Native of Silhet
and Nipaul, on the mountains. Cinchona gratissima, Wall, in
Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 154. tent. fl. nep. 1. p. 30. t. 21. Mus-
sse'nda Luciilia, Plamilt. in D.
Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 139. A
small branching tree, with terete
pubescent branches ; elliptic, acu-
minated leaves, which are gla-
brous above and villous on the
veins beneath, on short petioles.
Cymes terminal, many-flowered.
Flowers rose-coloured, rather
fleshy, sweet-scented. Stipulas
solitary on each side, broad at
the base and cuspidate at the
apex, longer than the petioles.
Segments of calyx deciduous.
It is impossible to conceive any
thing more beautiful than this
tree, when covered with its nu-
merous cymes of pink-coloured very fragrant flowers.
Very-grateful- scented Luculia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823.
Tree 16 to 20 feet.
Cult. A very good rich light soil will suit this tree ; and
cuttings may be rooted in sand under a hand-glass, but with
great difficulty.
XIV. HYMENODTCTYON (from vgyv, hymen, a mem-
brane, and (Siktvov, dictyon, a net ; in reference to the seeds
being girded by a reticulated membrane). Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind.
2. p. 148. tent. fl. nep. 1. p. 31. D. C. prod. 4. p. 385. D.
Don, in Lin. trans. vol. 17. ined. — Cinchona species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co-
rolla tubular, with a 5-cleft limb, which is plicate in aestivation.
Anthers linear, exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled,
dehiscing at the cells, many-seeded ; valves ventricose, mem-
branous. Dissepiment complete. Seeds girded by a membra-
nous, reticulated border, which is bifid at the base. — Trees,
natives of the East Indies, with compressed branches : coria-
ceous, petiolate leaves ; deciduous, glandularly ciliated stipulas ;
and small, inconspicuous, greenish, pubescent flowers, disposed
in fascicles, the whole forming racemose panicles. Floral leaves
one under each branch of the panicle, lanceolate, convex, veiny,
on long petioles, similar to the large calycine teeth of Musce'nda,
but placed in a different situation.
1 H. exce'esum (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 358.) leaves
oblong, downy : floral ones coloured and blistered ; stipulas
cordate, serrated ; panicles axillary and terminal ; anthers
almost sessile in the mouth of the tube ; partition of capsule
contrary. I? . S. Native of the East Indies, in the mountainous
parts of the Circars, and chiefly of the valleys, where it grows
to be a large tree. It is called Bundaroo in the Telinga lan-
guage. Cinchona excelsa, Roxb. cor. 2. p. 3. t. 106. Tratt.
tab. t. 170. The lower pair, or tw'o of the ramifications of the
panicle, are ornamented each with a pair of coloured floral
leaves. Panicles terminal, large. Flow'ers fascicled, small,
greenish white. The infusion of one fresh leaf in water all
night had little taste, but struck quickly a deep purplish blue
with a chalybeate. The two inner coats of the bark (the outer
light spongy stratum is tasteless) possess both the bitterness and
astringency of Peruvian bark, and when fresh in a stronger
degree ; the bitterness is not so quickly communicated to
the taste on chewing the bark, as that of the former, but is
much more durable, and chiefly about the upper part of the
fauces. The wood is firm, close-grained, of a pale mahogany
colour, and very useful for many purposes.
Tall Hymenodyction. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 30
to 50 feet.
2 H. thyrsiflo'rum (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 151.) leaves
ovate, downy, pale beneath : the floral ones coloured and reti-
culated ; thyrse terminal and axillary, drooping ; stipulas ob-
long, fringed with coloured -glands ; limb of corolla urceolate ;
partition of capsule contrary. J? . S. Native of the East
Indies, in the interior parts of Bengal. Cinchona thyrsiflora,
Roxb. Branches forming a large ovate head to the tree. Leaves
from 2-8 or 10 inches long. Thyrse very dense. Flowers
small, greenish yellow, fascicled. The floral pair or two of
leaves are on longer petioles than the rest.
Thyrse-Jlorvered Hymenodyction. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
Tree 20 to 30 feet.
3 H. fla'ccidum (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 152.) leaves
ovate-elliptic, smooth, and shining above ; stipulas oblong-spa-
tulate, ciliated ; racemes axillary, slender, pendulous ; capsules
oblong. . S. Native of the East Indies, on the north side
of Sheopore, towards the bottom ; and in the valley of Noakote.
Leaves from 6-10 inches long: having the margins slightly
waved. Common peduncle pubescent, bearing a hardly coloured,
lanceolate-oblong, pubescent, reticulated floral leaf, which is
convex on the upper side, and concave on the under. It comes
very near the preceding species, but differs, however, in having
broader, elliptic, downy leaves, and much thicker both terminal
and axillary subcompound racemes ; its capsules too are much
broader.
Flaccid Hymenodyction. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
4 H. obova'tum (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 153.) leaves
obovate, acuminated, smooth : floral ones lanceolate, acuminated,
reticulated, convex, glaucous ; stipulas ovate, acute, glandularly
ciliated ; racemes axillary and terminal, a little branched, erect,
b . S. Native of the East Indies, and perhaps of Wynaad.
Young shoots green, much compressed. Rachis of peduncles
villous. At the apex of each peduncle there is a floral pallid
leaf, 2 inches long, convex and a little rugose above': glaucous
and concave, beautifully veined, and rather pubescent beneath.
Obovate- leaved Hymenodyction. Tree.
Cult. See Cinchona, p. 479. for culture and propagation.
XV. EXOSTE'MMA (from d,w, exo, without, and ortygu,
stemma, a crown ; in reference to the exserted stamens). D. C.
diss. 1806. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 111. Spreng. sysE
1. p. 705. D. C. prod. 4. p. 358. D. Don, Lin. trans. vol. 17.
ined. — Exostema, Rich, in Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p.
151 . — Cinchona, section Exostema, Pers. ench. 1. p. 196.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co-
rolla tubular, with a 5-parted limb: having linear, elongated
FIG. 87.
RUBIACE^E. XV. Exostemma.
481
segments, which are induplicate in aestivation. Stamens ex-
serted ; anthers narrow-linear, having the cells adnate at the base.
Stigma undivided. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing at the dissepiment
from the apex, many-seeded. Seeds girded by an entire mem-
branous border. — Trees or shrubs, usually glabrous. Leaves
oval or lanceolate, on short petioles. Stipulas solitary on each
side. Peduncles axillary and terminal. Flowers white or red-
dish. The barks of all the species are destitute of quinine and
cinchonine, according to St. Hilaire.
Sect. I. Pito'nia (the bark of some of the species is called
Quinquina Piton in the Antilles). D. C. prod. 4. p. 359. Limb
of calyx parted almost to the base into teeth of various lengths.
Corolla glabrous : having the tube longer than the segments.
Stigma undivided. — Species all natives of the Caribbee Islands.
The bark is febrifugal, somewhat emetic, and is sold in the shops
under the name of Quinquina Pilon of the Antilles.
1 E. Carib^'um (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 1 8.) leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous; pedicels axillary, 1-
flowered, rather shorter than the petioles ; calyx bluntly 5-
toothed ; style and stamens about equal in length to the corolla.
1? . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands, Guadaloupe, St. Do-
mingo, Jamaica, Santa Cruz, &c. ; and of Mexico. Cinchona
Caribaa'a, Jacq. amer. t. 179. f. 65. obs. 2. t. 17. Lamb. mon.
t. 4. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 33. f. 4. Cinchona Jamaicensis,
Wright, in roy. soc. trans. lond. p. 67. p. 504. t. 10. Andr.
bot. rep. t. 481. Flowers white, sweet-scented, about the length
of the leaves; but according to Jacquin they are pale flesh-
coloured. Stamens, according to Andrews’s figure, shorter than
the segments of the corolla. Dr. Wright says that the jesuits’
bark of Jamaica rises only to 20 feet, with leaves of a rusty
green colour ; and the young buds of a bluish green hue. The
bark is generally smooth and grey on the outside, though in
some rough and scabrous, when well dried, and the inside of a
dark brown colour. Its flavour is at first sweet, with a mixture
of the taste of horse radish and of the aromatics of the East,
but when swallowed of that very bitterness and astringency
which characterises the Peruvian bark. It grows near the sea
shore, and is called in Jamaica Seaside beech.
Caribbcean Exostemma. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1780. Tr. 20 ft.
2 E. longiflo'rum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 18.) leaves
linear-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, glabrous ; pedicels
axillary, very short ; teeth of calyx long, linear-lanceolate, gla-
brous ; corollas 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves. • S.
Native of St. Domingo. Cinchona longifldra, Lamb. mon. p. 38.
t. 12. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers white, 5 inches
long before expansion ; segments linear; tube very long.
Long-flowered Exostemma. FI. June, July. Clt. 1820. Tree
20 feet?
3 E. cane'scens (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 359.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, canescent from villi
on both surfaces as well as on the branchlets ; peduncles axil-
lary, 1-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. The canescent
down on the leaves, branches, pedicels, and young fruit distin-
guishes it from all the other species. Flowers unknown. Cap-
sule naked at the apex, not crowned by the calyx. Pedicels
length of fruit.
Canescent Exostemma. Tree.
4 E. angustifo'lium (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, pubescent beneath, as w'ell as on the
calyxes ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; calycine teeth linear-
subulate. T? • S. Native of St. Domingo, on the rocky banks
of rivers. Cinchona angustifolia, Swartz, prod. p. 42. fl. ind.
occid. p. 380. act. holm. 1787. p. 117. t. 3. Lamb, cinch. 29.
t. 9. Capsule oblong, pentagonal. Branches and pedicels rather
downy. Peduncles forming a terminal corymbose panicle. Co-
vol. hi, •
rolla glabrous, white ? about the size of those of E. Caribce'um,
sweet-scented.
Narrow-leaved Exostemma. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
5 E. coria'ceum (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 20.) leaves
ovate, scarcely acute, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces,
shining ; branches and flowers glabrous ; peduncles axillary,
2-3-flowered ; teeth of calyx short, acute ; corollas about the
length of the leaves ; capsules ovate, smooth. ^ • S. Native
of St. Domingo. Cinchona coriacea, Poir. diet. 6. p. 38.
Peduncles 2 or 3 times shorter than the leaves. Seed girded
by a membranous wing. Corolla glabrous, 2 inches long, with
a terete tube and narrow reflexed segments. Branches of pa-
nicle dichotomous.
Coriaceous- leaved Exostemma. Tree.
6 E. linea'tum (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 18.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, and are as well as the branches and flowers
glabrous; peduncles terminal, corymbose; calycine segments
linear; capsule pentagonal. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo.
Cinchona lineiita, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 27. act. soc. hist. nat. hafn.
l.p. 20. t. 4. Lamb. mon. p. 26. t. 6. Panicle corymbose,
terminal, trichotomous. Leaves marked with lines on the upper
surface. Flowers an inch long, white.
Lined- leaved Exostemma. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
7 E. parviflo'rum (Rich, in Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1.
p. 132.) leaves oval, mutic, furnished w'ith porose glands in the
axils of the nerves ; petioles, branches, and peduncles pubes-
cent; fascicles of flowers axillary and terminal, crowded; teeth
of calyx short. T2 • 8. Native of the Caribbee Islands.
Small-flowered Exostemma. Tree.
8 E. brachyca'rpum (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19.)
leaves elliptic, obtuse, and are as well as the branches and
flowers glabrous ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; teeth of
calyx short, acutish ; capsules ovate or obovate, ribbed. ^ • S.
Native of the eastern parts of Jamaica, in shady parts
of mountains. Cinchona brachycarpa, Swartz, prod. p. 42. fl.
ind. occid. 378. Lindsay, roy. soc. trans. edinb. 1794. p. 214.
t. 5. Vahl, act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 1. p. 22. Lamb, cinch,
p. 18. t. 8. Panicle terminal, corymbose, trichotomous. Co-
rolla 3|- inches long before expansion, pale red or flesh-coloured.
Leaves 5-6 inches long, deep green. The bark, when wounded,
emits a whitish juice ; which becomes of a brownish purple colour
on drying, and is easily reduced into a greyish purple powder,
which is at first sweet, but afterwards very bitter and astringent.
Short-fruited Exostemma. Tree 20 feet.
9 E. triflo’rum; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the
base, quite glabrous, and shining on both surfaces ; branches
glabrous ; corymbs compound ; peduncles 2-3-flowered ; caly-
cine teeth subulate ; corolla with a very long filiform tube, and
long, narrow, linear, dependent segments ; capsule obovate.
Ij • S. Native of Jamaica. Cinchona triflora, Wright, in edinb.
med. journ. p. 240. Lamb, cinch, p. 15. It comes nearest to
E . floribundum, but differs from it in the leaves being ovate-
elliptic, acuminated, not attenuated at the base ; the corymbs
of flowers are also much larger and closer ; the teeth of the
calyx are shorter and broader ; the tube of the corolla is much
shorter and wider; and the capsules oblong-cylindrical.
Three-flowered Exostemma. Tree 20 feet.
10 E. floribu'nda (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19.) leaves
elliptic, acuminated, and are as well as the branches and flowers
glabrous ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; teeth of calyx short,
acute ; capsules turbinate, smooth. 1? . S. Native of the
Caribbee Islands, Jamaica, Guadaloupe, St. Domingo, St. Lucia,
and Trinidad, in woods on the banks of mountain streams.
Cinchona floribunda, Swartz, prod. p. 41. fl. ind. occid. p. 375.
Lamb. mon. p. 17. t. 7. Cinchona montana, Badier. in journ.
phys. 1789. febr. p. 129. t. 1. Cinchona, St. Luciae, David, phil.
3 Q
482
RUBIACEiE. XV. Exostemma.
trans. vol. 74. Cinchona Luciana, Vittm. summ. suppl. 1. p.
264. Kinkina Piton. Act. nat. cur. 1787. Rozier, journ. de
phys. 1781. p. 169-179. and 1789. p. 129-132. t. 1. Murr.
append, med. vol. 1. p. 941. Panicle large, corymbose, ter-
minal. Leaves like those of Coflea Arabica, 5-6 inches long.
Corolla 2 inches long before expansion, of a whitish purple
colour. The Quinquina Piton is of a cinnamon colour, and is
used as a succedaneum for Peruvian bark, but is somewhat
drastic.
Bundle-Jlomered Exostemma. Clt. 1794. Tree 20 to 80 ft.
11 E. capita'tum (Spreng. new. entd. 2. p. 143.) leaves ovate,
coriaceous, glabrous; flowers capitate ; calyx small, 5-toothed;
corolla with a long tube, and revolute segments. b . S. Native
of South America. Perhaps only a variety of E. floribundum.
Specimens of this tree were received under the name of St.
Lucia bark.
Capitate-d owered Exostemma. Tree.
Sect. II. Brachya'nthum (from ftpayy q, brachys, short, and
avdoe, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the tube of the flower
being shorter than the segments). D. C. prod. 4. p. 360. Limb
of calyx divided even to the base into teeth. Corolla having
the tube shorter than the segments of the limb, or at the longest
hardly equal in length to them. Stigma sometimes undivided,
and sometimes somewhat 2-lobed. Corolla glabrous, or pu-
bescent on the outside.
12 E. Philippicum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 366.)
leaves oval, acute, crowded, and are as well as the branches and
flowers glabrous ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; teeth of
calyx short, acute ; tube of corolla rather shorter than the
segments of the limb ; filaments hairy. 1; . S. Native of the
Philippine Islands, at Manilla : and in Santa Cruz de la Laguna.
Cinchona Philippica, Cav. icon. 4. t. 329. Peduncles axillary,
trichotomous, corymbose, bearing 2 leaves at the origin of the
branches, about the length of the leaves. Corolla 9 lines long
before expansion. Stigma clavate, marked by a furrow on
each side, probably from the cohesion of the lobes. Capsule
turbinate, 5 lines long, crowned by the calycine limb. Bark
bitter and astringent.
Philippine Exostemma. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
13 E. corymbiferum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 20.)
leaves oblong, acute, and are as well as the branches and flowers
glabrous ; peduncles axillary, corymbose, bearing 2 leaves just
below the ramifications ; teeth of calyx short, acute ; segments
of corolla hardly shorter than the tube. b . S. Native of the
islands of Tongatabu and Eaove, in the Pacific Ocean, where it
is cultivated for the elegance and odour of its flowers. Cin-
chona corymbifera, Forst. act. nov. ups. 3. p. 176. Lin. fil.
suppl. p. 144. Lamb, cinch, p. 25. t. 5. Leaves deep green, size
of those of Coffea Arabica : having the nerve purplish beneath.
Corymbs trichotomous. The bark is very bitter and sub-
astringent, and very like Jesuits’ bark. Flow ers white, but red-
dish on the outside.
Corymb-bearing Exostemma. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
14 E. Peruvia'num (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 133.
t. 38.) leaves ovate or oblong, acute, rounded at the base : the
superior ones sessile and cordate ; corymbs terminal, sessile ;
peduncles and calyxes pubescent ; corolla silky outside. T? • S.
Native of Peru, on the declivities of the Andes, in cold places
by the sides of streams, at the altitude of 3000 feet. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3, p. 404. Cinchona Peruviana, Poir.
suppl. 4. p. 640. Flowers rose-coloured. Leaves smooth,
deep green above. Segments of corolla hardly shorter than the
tube. Filaments glabrous, adnate to the throat of the corolla.
Stigma obsoletely 2-lobed. Teeth of calyx acute.
Peruvian Exostemma. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
15 E. corymbo'sum (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 706.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acute, and are as well as the branches and flowers
glabrous ; corymbs terminal, brachiate ; teeth of calyx almost
linear, acute, spreading ; segments of corolla about equal in
length to the tube. T? . S. Native of Peru, in hot places
between Chaclla and Muna. Portlandia corymbosa, Ruiz et
Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 49. t. 190. f. a. Leaves shining above, 2-3
inches long. Corolla white : having the limb reflexed. Capsule
fuscous, turbinate. Seeds girded by a membranous wing, hence
it is not a species of Portlandia.
Corymbose -flowered Exostemma. Tree 15 to 18 feet.
16 E. dissimieiflo'rum (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 17.)
leaves cordate-oblong, quite glabrous ; limb of corolla longer
than the tube ; capsules almost linear, very narrow. Ij . S.
Native of South America, at the altitude of 6000 or 7000 feet.
Cinchona dissimiliflorum, Muds, in Humb. berl. mag. nat. 1.
p. 120.
Dissimilar-flowered Exostemma. Tree.
Sect. III. Pseudoste'mma. Limb of calyx campanulate,
sub-tubular, truncate, or somewhat 5-toothed. Corolla usually
villous on the outside : having the tube shorter than the seg-
ments of the limb. Stigma usually 2-lobed. Fruit unknown.
Flowers disposed in panicles. Species natives of Brazil. Per-
haps a proper genus.
17 E. cuspida'tum (St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. 1. t. 3. f. A.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, nerved, villous beneath ; pa-
nicle terminal ; limb of calyx campanulately tubular, obscurely
5-toothed, longer than the ovarium; corolla villous on the out-
side : with the segments longer than the tube ; filaments villous
in the middle ; stigma bifid. b . S. Native of Brazil, in woods.
Leaves 9-15 lines long. Corolla white, 2-4 lines long. Fruit
unknown. It is called Quino do mato, and the bark is used as a
substitute for Peruvian bark.
Cuspidate- leaved Exostemma. Tree 8 to 10 feet.
18 E. austra'le (St. Hil. pi. usuel. bras. 1. t. 3. f. B.) leaves
ovate, nerved, rather villous beneath ; panicle terminal, sessile,
tripartite ; limb of calyx campanulate, shorter than the ovarium,
bluntly 5-toothed ; corolla rather pubescent on the outside :
with the segments longer than the tube ; filaments glabrous ;
stigma undivided. 1; . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Leaves
12-15 inches long, and 7-8 broad. Style villous. The bark of
this and the preceding species is employed by the Brazilians in
the cure of intermittent fevers, from the want of more efficacious
remedies. It is bitter and a little astringent.
Southern Exostemma. Tree 8 to 10 feet.
19 E. eormo'sum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 179.)
leaves obovate-elliptic, acute at both ends, rather granular when
examined under a lens ; panicle trichotomous, loosely pyramidal ;
limb of calyx quite entire ; corolla glabrous on the outside, but
the throat is villous, and the segments are rather pilose on the
inside, and a little longer than the tube ; stigma 2-lobed. 1? . S.
Native of Brazil, within the tropics.
Par. a, leprbsum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 361.) leaves large; tube
of corolla shorter than the segments of the limb.
Var. ft, Iceve (D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate ; tube of corolla
longer than the segments of the limb.
Showy Exostemma. Tree.
20 E. Souza' num (Mart. reis. ex Linnaea. 5. p. 45.) leaves
obovate or ovate, acute, glabrous ; corymbs few-flowered, ter-
minal ; capsules hardly an inch long, obovate, compressed ;
valves usually 4-nerved ; seeds transversely oblong, with a broad
margin. b . S. Native of Brazil.
o t
Souza’s Exostemma. Tree.
21 E. macrocne'mia ; branches naked ; leaves oblong-spatu-
late, acuminated, tapering into the short petioles, smooth on both
1
RUBIACEiE. XV. Exostemma. XVI. Danais. XVII. Manettia.
483
surfaces, shining; stipulas connate at the base, and running
sound the petioles, and forming a callous semicircular margin to
them ; thyrse axillary, panicled, loose ; flowers minute, tetra-
merous ; fruit cylindrical ; seeds furnished with a quite entire
rounded membrane at both ends. ^ • S. Native of South
America, on the banks of the Amazon. Cinchona macrocnemia,
Mart, in bot. zeit. no. 7 • p. 119. 1881.
Long-stamened Exostemma. Tree.
Cult. See Cinchona, p 479., for culture and propagation. The
species are of freer growth than those of Cinchona ; and the
cuttings should not be too ripe when taken off.
XVI. DANA' IS (Sarao, danae, the laurel of Alexandria;
similarity). Comm. herb. Vent. tabl. 2. p. 584. Pers. ench.
1. p. 198. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 385. D. C. prod. 4. p. 361.
— Paed&ria species, Juss. gen. p. 204. Lam. ill. t. 166. f. 2. —
Danais, spec. Poir. Cinchona species, Pet. Th.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogjnia. Flowers dioecious from
abortion. Calyx with a short obovate tube, and a small limb,
which is 5-toothed to the base. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a
slender tube, a villous throat, and a 5-parted limb. Stamens
exserted in the male flowers, but abortive and inclosed in the
female flow’ers. Style exserted in the female flowers, and bifid
at the apex, but abortive in the male flowers. Capsule globose,
coriaceously chartaceous, marked by an areola at the apex
from the fallen calyx, 2-celled, dehiscing at the cells, 2-valved.
Seeds small, fixed to central placentas, imbricated downwards,
girded by a membranous wing ; albumen fleshy. — Smooth,
climbing, or straggling shrubs, natives of the Mauritius. Roots
exuding a yellow juice when bruised. Leaves oblong or round-
ish. Stipulas solitary on each side, broad, very short. Pedun-
cles axillary, many-flowered, corymbose, with opposite branch-
lets. Flowers fragrant, orange-coloured, sometimes hexamerous.
1 D. fra'grans (Comm, ex Lam. ill. t. 166. f. 2.) leaves
oblong ; corymbs crowded ; capsule not furrowed, crowned by
the permanent, spreading, calycine teeth. Jj . S. Native
of the Mauritius. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 83. t. 195. D. fragrans
/a, coronata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 198. Paederia fragrans, Lam.
diet. 2. p. 260. Cinchona A'fro-I'nda, Willem, herb. maur. p.
16. Petioles 3-4 lines long. Corymbs crowded, many-flow-
ered, twice longer than the petioles. Segments of corolla
narrow, spreading. Flowers small, red, swelling like those of
Narcissus.
Fragrant Danais. Shrub cl.
2 D. laxiflo'ra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 361.) leaves obovate,
obtuse, and cuspidate ; corymbs loose, sub-panicled ; cap-
sule not furrowed, crowned by the erect permanent calycine
teeth. J? . S. Native of Madagascar and Bourbon. Pe-
tioles 4 lines long. Panicle of female flowers 2-3 inches long,
but that of the males is unknown.
Loose-Jlowered Danais. Shrub cl.
3 D. rotundifo'lia (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 450.) leaves ovate-
roundish, acutish at the apex; corymbs crowded; capsule not
furrowed, crowned by the toothless truncate limb of the calyx.
\ • w S. Native of the Mauritius, where it is called Liane
de hois jaune. Cinchona chlorrhiza, Bory, in litt. Malanea
verticillata, Sieb. fl. maur. exsic. 2. p. 264. exclusive of the
synonymes. Petioles 7-8 lines long. Corymbs hardly an inch,
much shorter than the leaves. Flowers small. Leaves 2-3
inches long.
Round-leaved Danais. Shrub cl.
4 D. sulca'ta (Pers. ench. l.p. 198.) leaves ovate ; capsule
furrowed, crowned by the calycine segments, which are folia-
ceous. Fj . S. Native of the Mauritius, where it climbs
over the highest trees.
Farrowed- fruited Danais. Shrub climbing.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will be a good soil
for the species of Danais; and cuttings will be easily rooted
under a hand-glass, in heat. They are well fitted for training
up the rafters in a stove.
XVII. MANE'TTIA (named after Xavier Manetti, prefect
of the botanic Garden at Florence, and secretary of the botanic
society there. Author of Viridarium Florentinum 1751 : and
Regnum Vegetabile, 1756). Mutis, in Lin. Mant. (1771.) p.
556. gen. ed. vii. no. 171. Schreb. gen. 181. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 387. D. C. prod. 4. p. 361. but
not of Adans. — Nacibea, Aubl. (1775.) guian. 1. p. 96. t. 37.
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 384. exclusive of Forsk. syn. and the
syn. in fl. per.
Lin. syst. Tetr a- Pentdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx with a
turbinate tube, and the limb parted into as many lobes as there
are corolline segments, or double that number (f. 88. a.), and
often furnished with lobules in the recesses between the seg-
ments. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, a hairy
throat (f. 88. c.) and a 4 (f. 88. b.), rarely 5-parted limb. An-
ther sessile in the throat. Capsule ovate, compressed, crowned
by the calycine lobes (f. 88. d.), dehiscing from the apex to the
base at the dissepiment (f. 88. d.) : the divisions boat-shaped.
Placentas somewhat exserted from the dissepiment. Seeds
imbricate, almost sessile, peltate, surrounded by a winged mem-
branous border, which is usually toothed. Embryo erect, in
fleshy albumen ; cotyledons foliaceous, lanceolate. — Perennial,
herbaceous, or suffruticose plants : having the stems and branches
twining and slender. Leaves ovate-oblong, or subcordate.
Stipulas broad, short, acute, usually adhering to the petioles
at the base. Peduncles axillary, 1 or many-flowered.
Sect. I. Lygistum (from X vyoc, lygos, a twig ; in reference
to the twiggy stems). D. C. prod. 4. p. 362. — Lygistum, P.
Browne. — Manettia, Mutis, Lin. and Schreb. Lobe's of calyx
twice the number of those of the segments of the corolla, usually
8 (f. 88. a.), rarely 10 ; besides the accessory lobules.
1 M. reclina'ta (Lin. mant. p. 553.) stem herbaceous, re-
clinate, weak, branched ; leaves ovate, acute, pubescent beneath ;
peduncles axillary, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
pedicels opposite, hairy. ©S'carfeMeaved Calycopiiyllum. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet.
3 C. tubulosum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 367.) leaves oval, acute
at the base, acuminated at the apex, clothed with fine velvety
down on both surfaces ; panicles terminal ; limb of calyx
bluntly 5-toothed ; corolla tubular, pubescent on the outside ;
large lobe of calyx petiolate, orbicular and pubescent on the
nerves and veins. Ij • S. Native of Brazil. Macrocnemum
tubulosum, A. Richard, in herb. mus. par. Capsule ovate, trun-
cate, dehiscing from the apex to the base at the dissepiment.
Anthers exserted. Filaments joined together beyond the middle
into a tube.
Twitt/ar-stamened Calycopiiyllum. Tree.
Cult. Like Mussce'nda this genus is remarkable for the large
coloured segment of the calyx, which see for culture and pro-
pagation, p. 492.
Tribe II.
GARDENIA'CE/E (this tribe agrees with the genus Gar-
denia in important characters). A. Rich. diss. p.108. D. C. prod.
4. p. 367. — Gardenieae and Coccocyseleae, Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 4. p. 138. and 197. Fruit baccate, 2-celled, or from
abortion only 1 -celled ; cells many seeded. Albumen fleshy,
Seeds not winged. — Trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves, and
interpetiolar stipulas.
Subtribe I. Sarcocepha'leas (agreeing with Sarcocephalus in
the fruit being combined and fleshy). D. C. prod. 4- p. 367.
Flowers collected into a bracteated head (f. 90. a.), sessile upon
the receptacle. Fruit combined (f. 90. b.).
XXI. SARCOCEPH ALUS (from crap!- aapKoc, sarx sar/cos,
fleshy, and Kt2 • G. Native of Nipaul, towards Gosaingstlian.
Root simple, slender. Stem about the thickness of a goose
quill, undivided, though seldom with 1 or 2 slender alternate
RUBIACEiE. XXVII. Mussajnda.
491
branches. Leaves rather longer than the interstices, which are
pretty equal, about 5-6 inches long, villous above. Stipulas
about the length of the petioles, furnished with a number of
glands inside on the lower part. Corymbs very hairy. Floral
leaves subcordate, milk white, downy. Tube of corolla very
long, hairy.
Hoary Mussaenda. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
20 M. cuneifo'eia (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 139.) leaves
cuneate-oblong, acuminated, downy on both surfaces as well as
on the branches ; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated ; corymbs
terminal ; bracteas lanceolate ; calycine segments linear, acute,
5 times shorter than the corolla : one of which is bractea-formed,
petiolate, oval, acuminated ; tube of corolla villous. 1? . G.
Native of Nipaul. The large calycine segment is probably
white, and the flowers are probably yellow.
Wedge-leaved Mussaenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Sect. II. La'ndia (M. De la Land, a correspondent of the Mu-
seum of Natural History at Paris). Comm. herb. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 372. Lobes of calyx equal or nearly so : having none of
the segments expanded into bractea-formed leaves. Capsule
naked at the apex, not crowned by the calyx. Leaves opposite.
21 M. La'ndia (Lam. ill. t. 157. f. 2. Poir. diet. 4. p. 392.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, clothed with villous pubescence on
both surfaces ; branches, petioles, corymbs and corollas villous ;
lobes of calyx equal, triangularly lanceolate, 12 times shorter
than the tube of the corolla. ^ • S* Native of the Mauritius,
where it is called Quinquina indigene, or Indigenous Peruvian
bark, and is used in tbe cure of fevers. M. latifblia, Poir.
suppl. 4. p. 36. diet, scienc. nat. 33. p. 452. Rodeletia Landia,
Sprcng. syst. 1. p. 707. M. holosericea, Smith, in Rees’ cycl.
vol. 24. no. 6. Bracteas linear, acute. Corolla an inch long,
hairy outside.
De La Land's Mussaenda. Fl. Ju.Sept. Clt. 1824. Sh. 4 to 5 ft.
22 M. uniflo'ra (Wall. cat. no. 6264.) young branches, tube
of corolla, calyxes, and fruit villous; leaves small, rather vil-
lous, roundish, acute, running down the petioles at the base ;
stipulas villous, narrow ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla
with a long tube and a spreading limb; flowers solitary, ter-
minal. J? . S. Native of the East Indies, at Tavoy. Flowers
as large as those of the common jasmine, probably white.
One-jlon'ered Mussaenda. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
23 M. Stadma’nni (Michx. med. ex Bory in litt. D. C. prod.
4. p. 372.) leaves oval, ending in short cuspidate points, hardly
pubescent, unless on the nerves ; branehlets, corymbs, and co-
rollas pubescent ; lobes of calyx equal, elongated, lanceolate,
6 times shorter than the tube of the corolla. . S. Native of
the Mauritius. Oxyantlms cymosus, Reichb. in Sieb. fl. maur.
exsic. 2. no. 78. M. Landia, Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 24.
no. 5. Tube of corolla 1^ inch long, as in M. Landia. The
lobes of the calyx are 3 lines long in the present plant, while
in that of M. Landia they are hardly a line and a half long.
Stadmann's Mussaenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
24 M. arcua'ta (Lam. diet. 4. p. 392.) leaves oval-oblong,
acuminated, rather pilose on the nerves beneath ; branehlets,
corymbs, and corollas glabrous on the outside ; lobes of calyx
linear-subulate, a little unequal ; tube of corolla very villous
inside. . S. Native of the Mauritius. Sieb. fl. maur.
exsic. 2. no. 78. Landia stelligera, and Landia astrographa,
Comm, ex herb. mus. Paris. The flowers are yellow, and
when immersed in water tinge it with the same colour. Limb
of corolla glabrous outside. Branches arched.
^rcA-branched Mussaenda. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
25 M. tomento'sa (Wall. cat. no. 6265.) branches downy;
leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, acute, clothed with white woolly
down on both surfaces; calyx downy, with subulate segments ;
stipulas subulate, twin on both sides; tube of corolla long,
slender, hairy, with a broad, spreading border ; berries roundish,
crowned by the calycine teeth ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous.
T? . S. Native of the East Indies, on the Gingee mountains.
Flowers apparently white, as large as those of jasmine.
Tomentose Mussaenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
26 M. e'legans (Schum. pi. guin. p. 117.) leaves oval, end-
ing in short cuspidate points, and are as well as the branches
glabrous ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, pubescent ; segments
of calyx linear, spreading a little ; tube of corolla very hispid,
but the lobes are glabrous. • S. Native of Guinea, where
it was collected by Thonning. M. discolor, Thonn. in herb.
Vahl, ex Puerari. Very distinct from M. discolor, Willd.
Elegant Mussaenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
27 M. cordifo'lia (Wall. cat. no. 6260.) glabrous in every
part ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated at the apex and cordate
at the base, glabrous, coriaceous, on short petioles ; corymbs
trichotomous, terminal ; berries turbinate, not crowned, . S.
Native of Pulo Penang.
Heart-leaved Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet?
28 M. pa'rva (Wall. cat. no. 6261.) branches and leaves
rather hispid from scattered hairs ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minated, tapering to both ends ; stipulas subulate ; corymbs
terminal, crowded ; tube of corolla very long, slender, rather
swollen near the top ; calycine segments linear, • S. Native
of the East Indies, at Tavoy. M. angustifolia, Wall. mss.
Apparently a rambling, small shrub.
Small Mussaenda. Shrub rambling.
29 M. sericea (Blum, bijdr. p. 986.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, attenuated at the base, glabrous, except on the
veins underneath ; branches silky ; corymbs terminal, trichoto-
mous, silky. Ij . S. Native of the Moluccas. Segments of
calyx linear-lanceolate, silky, all equal. Tube of corolla elon-
gated, densely tomentose.
Silky Mussaenda. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
30 M. re'pens (Wall. cat. no. 6263.) root creeping; leaves
elliptic, acuminated, rather hispid ; petioles, young branches,
and corymbs clothed with brown villi ; stipulas subulate, villous ;
corymbs terminal ; calyx downy, with linear-subulate segments ;
corolla long, slender, swelling a little near the top. . S.
Native of Silhet. The leaves opposite each other are unequal
in size.
Creeping Mussaenda. PI. to 2 feet.
Sect. III. Ca'anthe (from Kauo, kaio, to burn or nip, and
avdoQ, anthos, a flower ; the flowers of the species are deprived
of the large calycine leaves). D. C. prod. 4. p. 372. Lobes of
calyx equal, all linear or setaceous, permanent, therefore the fruit
is crowned. Leaves 3 in a whorl. Stipulas broad at the base,
acute at the apex, adpressed, coriaceous. — Species natives of
Madagascar. Perhaps a proper genus.
31 M. ? citrifo lia (Lam. in Poir. diet. 4. p. 393.) leaves 3
in a whorl, ovate, almost sessile, coriaceous, and are as well as
the branches glabrous ; stipulas broad at the base, acute, short ;
corymbs terminal ; lobes of calyx linear. Jj . S. Native of
Madagascar. Habit of Raurvoljia. Corolla small, yellow.
Citron-leaved Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
32 M. ? eongifo'lia (Lam. in Poir. diet. 4. p. 393.) leaves
3 in a whorl, lanceolate-oblong, rather tomentose from short
down ; stipulas broad at the base, acute ; corymbs terminal ;
lobes of calyx setaceous ; capsule ribbed. Tj • S. Native of
Madagascar. Very similar to the preceding species. Leaves
green above and whitish beneath. Fruit pyriform, with 8 or 10
longitudinal ribs.
Long-leaved Mussaenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 r 2
492
RUBIACEiE. XXVIII. KutchubjEA. XXIX. Cassupa. XXX. Gynopachys. XXXI. Tocoyena.
Species not sufficiently lcnonn.
33 M.? glomerula'ta (Lam. in Poir. diet. 4. p. 393.) leaves
ovate, acute, smoothish beneath, but clothed with fuscous velvety
down above and on the petioles ; branches rather villous ; flowers
terminal, glomerate ; calyx campanulate, with a 5 -6-toothed limb.
J? . S. Native of French Guiana. Rodeletia glomerulikta,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 707. Peduncles and calyxes beset with
white silvery hairs. Corolla tubular, white, rather villous out-
side. Stamens 5-6.
Glomerate-^ owered Musssenda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
34 M. discolor (Pet. Th. in Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 254.) hairy ; leaves scabrous, strigose above, and clothed
with canescent pili beneath ; flowers corymbose, permanent.
. S. Native country unknown, as well as flowers.
Two-coloured-\eaved Mussaenda. Shrub.
35 M.? Ciiine'nsis (Lour. coch. p. 152.) leaves in fascicles,
lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers solitary, terminal ; berries 4-celled,
many-seeded. \ . G. Native of China, in the suburbs of Can-
ton. Calyx 5-parted, with lanceolate segments. Seeds bony,
almost kidney-shaped. This is certainly not a species of Mus-
sce'nda.
China Mussamda. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
36 M. echitoides (Willd. rel. in Schultes, syst. 5. p. 254.)
leaves oblong, acute, glabrous ; flowers corymbose. • v_y S-
Native country unknown. A climbing shrub.
Echitus-like Mussaenda. Shrub cl.
37 M. tetra'ndra (Schultes, syst. 5. p. 254.) leaves smooth,
glabrous, acute ; corymbs tripartite ; flowers tetrandrous. I? .
S. Native country unknown. Macrocnemum tetrandrum, Cav.
ann. sc. ex Schultes.
Tetrandrous-Rowered Mussaenda. Shrub.
Cult. Some of the species of this genus are very pretty,
and worth cultivating in collections. A mixture of loam and
peat is the best soil for them ; and cuttings are easily rooted
in the same kind of mould under a hand-glass, in heat.
XXVIII. KUTCHUBtE'A (named after — Koutchouba,
minister of the home department of Russia ; a promoter of the
sciences). Fisch. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 373.
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinate
tube, and a tubular truncate limb, which is longer than the
ovarium. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, much longer than
the calyx, a villous throat, and an 8-parted limb, which is
twisted in aestivation; segments of corolla lanceolate, acu-
minated. Anthers 8, almost sessile, oblong, acute, inserted in
the throat of the corolla among the hairs. Style filiform ;
stigma large, clavate, with 2 lobes, which are applied to each
other, hairy and convex on the outside, but flat and smooth on
the inside. Fruit unknown. — A glabrous tree, native of Guiana.
Branches terete. Leaves obovate, bluntish, on short petioles.
Stipulas ovate, broad, short, combined, permanent, sometimes
bifid. Flowers terminal, somewhat corymbose, pedicellate, large,
bractless. Corolla purple at the base and pale at the apex. —
This genus comes very near Genipa and Cassia ; from the
first it differs in the tube of the corolla being much longer than
the calyx ; and from the second in the calyx being tubular, and
in the stigma being clavate ; and from both in the greater num-
ber of the parts of the flower.
1 K. insignis (Fisch. 1. c. with a figure). Ij . S. Native of
French Guiana, where it was collected by Martin. A tall ele-
gant tree. Tube of corolla 3 inches long, coriaceous.
Famous Kutchubaea. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Mussce’ nda above.
XXIX. CASSU'PA (called Cassupo by the natives on the
banks of the Rio Negro, in Brazil). Humb. et Bonpl. pi.
equin. 1. p. 43. t. 12. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 389. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 373.
Lin. syst. Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a globose
tube and a short entire hardly perspicuous limb. Corolla much
longer than the calyx, tubular, wrinkled on the outside, with a
villous throat, and a 6-parted short limb ; lobes acutish and
spreading a little. Anthers 6, almost sessile, inserted in the
throat of the corolla among the villi. Stigma bifid, slender,
inclosed. Berry almost globose, crowned, 2-celled, many-
seeded ; placentas fixed to the middle dissepiment. Seeds mi-
nute.— -An American tree. Leaves obovate-oblong, on long
petioles, coriaceous, rather tomentose, about a foot long. Thyrse
panicled, terminal, with opposite flowers. Bracteoles 2-3 under
each flower, sometimes adnate to the calyx. Corolla 1-2 inches
long, pale red.
1 C. verrucosa (Humb. et Bonpl. 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of
South America, in shady places on the banks of the Rio Negro,
near San Carlos. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 412.
JVartcd Cassupa. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
Cult. See Mussce’ nda above for culture and propagation.
XXX. GYNOPA'CHYS (from y wt), gyne, a female, and
Tree^ve, pachys, thick ; in reference to the thick 2-lobed stigma).
Blum, in flora, 1825. p. 134. bijdr. p. 933. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 374.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx turbi-
nate, urceolate, almost quite entire, deciduous. Corolla with a
short tube, a 5-parted spreading limb, and a. bristly throat.
Stamens 5, seated in the mouth of the tube ; filaments short ;
anthers linear, rather incumbent, exserted. Style short ;
stigma thick, 2-lobed, exserted. Berry globose, umbonate,
crowned by the circular base of the calyx, 2-celled, many-
seeded ; placentas membranous, stipitate, rather fleshyr, trans-
versely lamellate. Seeds compressed. — Climbing shrubs, na-
tives of Java. Leaves distich. Stipulas interpetiolar, undi-
vided, or twin and rather concrete. Flowers rising from the
axils of the leaves in dense corymbs, unilateral. — This genus
comes near to Cdnthium and Bertiera, but differs from them in
the undivided limb of the calyx, and in the short tube of the
corolla.
1 G. acumina'ta (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate or elliptic-oblong,
acuminated, almost sessile, glabrous ; cymes short, interfoli-
aceous ; pedicels numerous, 1 -flowered. . w. S. Native of
Java, on the west side, on the mountains. Leaves 7-8 inches
long.
Acuminated- leaved Gynopachys. Shrub cl.
2 G. tomento'sa (Blum. 1. c.) leaves sessile, rather cordate-
oblong, acuminated, shining above, but clothed with deciduous
rufous tomentum on the veins beneath and on the corymbs,
which are dichotomous and interfoliaceous. T? . S. Native
of Java, on Mount Burangrang, in woods.
Tomentose Gynopachys. Shrub cl.
3 G. corymbosa (Blum. 1. c.) leaves almost sessile, elliptic-
oblong, bluntish, glabrous ; corymbs trichotomous, interfoli-
aceous, divaricate. S. Native of Java, on Mount
Salak, in woods. Throat of corolla beset with yellowish rufous
bristles. Fruit globose, size of a pea.
Corymbose-R owered Gynopachys. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Mussce nda above for culture and propagation.
XXXI. TOCOYE’NA (the name of the first species in
Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p 131. t. 53. Lam. ill. t. 163.
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 390. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
3. p. 411. D. C. prod. 4. p. 374. — Ucriana, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 961.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbinate
tube, and a very short 5-toothed limb. Corolla with a very
RUBIACE^E. XXXI. Tocoyena. XXXII. Posoqueria.
493
long tube, a naked dilated throat, and a 5-parted spreading
limb ; the lobes obtuse. Anthers rising from the throat of the
corolla, exserted, linear-sagittate, furnished each with a blunt
appendage at the base ? Style filiform, fusiform at the apex ;
stigma clavate, bilamellate. Berry rather fleshy, 2-celled,
crowned. Seeds numerous, roundish-ovate, imbedded in soft
pulp. — Unarmed shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, on
short petioles. Stipulas triangular or ovate. Flowers terminal,
corymbose.
1 T. longiflo'ra (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 131. t. 50.) stem tetra-
gonal, quite simple ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminated at
both ends, glabrous ; flowers almost sessile, aggregate. Tj . S.
Native of French Guiana, at Araura. Lam. ill. t. 163. f. 1.
Ucriana speciosa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 961. Tocoyena longifolia,
Poir. diet. 7. p. 602. but not of Kunth. Leaves a foot long,
and 4-5 inches broad. Corolla 8-9 lines long, with the tube
yellow, and the limb white. Stipulas triangular.
Long-flowered Tocoyena. Clt. 1826. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
2 T. macrophy'lla (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
412.) branches tetragonal ; leaves broad-ovate, short-acumin-
ated, glabrous ; stipulas roundish, coriaceous ; flowers ter-
minal, racemose. 1? . S. Native of South America, on the
banks of the river Magdalena, between Monpox and El-Penon,
and near Honda. Ucriana insignis, Willd. rel. Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 761. exclusive of the synonyme of Lam. T. insignis, Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 229.
Large-leaved Tocoyena. Shrub.
3 T. longifo'lia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 411.
but not of Poir.) branches terete ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute,
glabrous, shining, with revolute margins ; stipulas ovate, acu-
minated; flowers racemose ; teeth of calyx short, acute. f?.S.
Native of New Gianada, in hot places. Ucriana Humboldtii,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 761.
Long- leaved Tocoyena. Shrub.
4 T. Mutisii (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 411.)
branches terete ; leaves oblong, acutish, glabrous, shining, with
somewhat revolute margins ; stipulas ovate, acuminated; flowers
terminal, corymbose ; teeth of calyx short. . S. Native of
New Granada, in hot places. Ucriana Mutisii, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 761.
Mutis's Tocoyena. Shrub.
5 T. hirsu'ta (Moricand, herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 375.)
leaves elliptic, ending each in a short cuspidate point, clothed
with villous down above, and with soft velvety hairs beneath.
I? . S. Native of Brazil. Tube of calyx 4 inches long.
Hairy Tocoyena. Shrub.
Cult. See Oxyanthus, p. 494., for culture and propagation.
XXXII. POSOQUE'RIA (Aymara-posoqueri is the name
of the first species by the natives of Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1.
p. 134. t. 51. Lam. ill. t. 163. • Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 369.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 375. but not of Roxb. Blume, nor Gasrtn. —
Tocoyena species, Rich. — Kyrtanthus, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 362. —
Cyrtanthus, Schreb. gen. no. 302. but not of Ait. — Solena,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 961. but not of Lour, nor Hoffm. nor Agardh.
— Posoria, Rafin, ann. gen. sc. ph. 6. p. 80.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a short 5-toothed limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a
very long terete tube, a villous hardly dilated throat, and a
5-parted limb ; the segments spreading, obtuse, and nearly
equal ; the alabastra gibbous on one side. Stamens 5, rising
from the throat of the corolla, free, unequal, a little exserted.
Style filiform, slender, and bifid at the apex : with the lobes
unequal, rather papillose and acute. Berry ovate, crowned by
the calyx, succulent, 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds unknown.
— Glabrous shrubs or small trees, natives of Guiana. Branches
terete. Leaves opposite, on short petioles, coriaceous. Sti-
pulas oblong-triangular, at length falling off. Flowers white,
very long, disposed in terminal corymbs.
1 P. eongielo'ra (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 134. t. 51.) leaves
oblong, acuminated, acute at the base ; stipulas oblong ; calyx
bluntly 5-toothed ; tube of corolla very much incurved, and
nutant at the apex. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana, on the
banks of rivers. Lam. ill. 163. Solena longiflora, Willd. spec.
1. p. 961. Kyrtanthus longiflorus, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 162.
Corolla white, with the tube very long, and green at the base ;
and the hairs in the throat are very long. Berry yellow, about
the size of a hen’s egg. Seeds 1 2, imbedded in the red pulp, ac-
cording to Aublet. The limb of the corolla is said to be regular.
Corymbs composed of about 6 flowers ; and the flowers are
pedicellate and scaly at the base from bracteas.
Long flowered Posoqueria. Clt. 1820. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
2 P. latifo'lia (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.227.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, obtuse at the base, or a little cordate ; sti-
pulas broad, triangular ; calyx bluntly 5-toothed ; tube of co-
rolla straight : and the limb irregular ; alabastra gibbous on
one side. . S. Native of French Guiana and Brazil. So-
Rna latifolia, Rudge, guian. 1. p. 26. t. 40. Tocoyena lati-
folia, Lam. ill. t. 163. f. 2. Poir. diet. 7. p. 692. Corolla
white, with the tube 4 inches long.
Broad-leaved Posoqueria. Clt. ? Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 P. deco'ra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 375.) leaves ovate, ending
each in a short cuspidate point, obtuse and rather cordate at
the base ; stipulas oval, obtuse, large, foliaceous, and coriaceous ;
calyx bluntly 5-toothed; tube of corolla straight; alabastra
rather gibbous on one side. h> . S. Native of French Guiana.
Allied to P. latifolia, but differs from all the species in the form
of the stipulas. Tube of corolla 3-4 inches long. Flowers
terminal, corymbose.
Neat Posoqueria. Shrub.
4 P. Trinita'tis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 375.) leaves ovate,
on short petioles, ending in short cuspidate points, obtuse at
the base and subcordate ; stipulas oblong, bluntish, membra-
nous and foliaceous, and sheathing a little ; calyx bluntly 5-
toothed. fj . S. Native of the Island of Trinidad. Sieb. fl.
trin. exsic. no. 215. without a name. Tube of corolla slender,
4^ inches long. Corollas white.
Trinidad Posoqueria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
5 P. Havane'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 375.) leaves oval, acute,
membranous, bluntish at the base ; stipulas lanceolate, acute ;
calyx bluntly 5-toothed ; tube of corolla straight ; alabastra
gibbous on one side. T? . S. Native of Cuba, about the Ha-
vannah. Tube of corolla slender, 4-§- inches long. Petioles 6
lines long.
Havannah Posoqueria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
6 P. gra'cilis (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 277.) leaves
oval-lanceolate ; stipulas oblong ; calyx acutely 5-toothed ; tube
of corolla curved, and the limb irregular. fj . S. Native of
French Guiana, in remote woods, from the river Darapa to Kaw.
Solena gracilis, Rudge, pi. guian. p. 27. t. 41. It differs from
P. longiflora in the character given, and in the slender nerves
of the leaves. Flowers white, 4-5 in a corymb.
iSYewder-flowered Posoqueria. Clt. 1825. Shrub 5 to 6 ft.
7 P. revolu'ta (Nees, in flora, 1821. p. 328. Schrad. goett.
anz. 1821. p. 714.) leaves elliptic-ovate, each ending in a short
cuspidate point, with revolute margins ; stipulas deciduous ;
corymbs dense ; tube of corolla straight : throat villous, and
limb irregular. T? • S. Native of Brazil. P. insignis, Nemv.
in flora. 1821. p. 301. in reis. bras, with a figure. Flowers
white.
lievolute- leaved Posoqueria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
494
RUBIACEiE. XXXIII. Oxyanthus. XXXIV. Stylocoryna.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxyanthus below.
All the species are very pretty when in flower.
rooted by planting them in a pot of sand, and placing it under
a hand-glass, in heat.
XXXIII. OXYANTHUS (from oIvq, oxys, sharp, and
avOoc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the acute teeth of the
calyx and acuminated segments of the corolla). D. C. ann.
mus. 9. p. 218. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 390. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 376. Lindl. coll. p. 13.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obo-
vate tube (f. 92. a.), and a short, acutely 5-toothed limb (f. 92.
«.). Corolla with a very long tube (f. 92. c.), a glabrous
throat, and a 5-parted regular limb (f. 92. d .) : having the seg-
ments oblong and acuminated. Stamens 5, rising from the
throat of the corolla, free, exserted (f. 92. b.). Anthers very
acute. Style filiform, clavate at the apex (f. 92. e.), protruding
beyond the aethers. Fruit 2-celled, and probably baccate. —
Shrubs, natives of Guinea. Leaves elliptic, acuminated, on
short petioles. Stipulas oblong-triangular, falling off but slowly.
Peduncles axillary, racemosely corymbose. — This genus comes
very near Posoqueria, but differs from that genus in the limb of
the corolla being regular, in the throat being glabrous, and its
parts being acute, and in the clavate stigma.
1 O. speciosus (D. C. 1. c. and in diss. ined. with a figure)
branchlets, leaves, and calyxes quite glabrous ; calycine teeth
very much acuminated ; racemes many-flowered ; tube of co-
rolla one half shorter than the leaves. Ij . S. Native of Sierra
Leone on the mountains, where it was collected by Smeathmann.
Flowers about 20 in each raceme, apparently red, according to
the dried specimens, but are probably white or milk-coloured in
their recent state.
Showy Oxyanthus. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
FIG. 92.
2 O. tubiflo'rus (D. C. prod.
4. p. 376.) branchlets, leaves,
and calyxes glabrous ; calycine
teeth bluntish ; racemes very
short, 3 -flowered; tube of co-
rolla longer than the leaves.
. S. Native of Sierra Leone
on the mountains. Gardenia
tubiflora, Andr. bot. rep. t. 183.
O. speciosus, Ait. bort. kew.
ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 371. but not
of D. C. Flowers by threes,
white, 6 inches long, sweet
scented.
Tube-Jlowered Oxyanthus. FI.
July. Clt. 1789. Sh. 3 to 4 ft.
3 O. hirsu'tus (D. C. prod.
4. p. 376.) branchlets, petioles, and nerves of leaves on the
under side as well as the calyxes beset with hairy down ; caly-
cine teeth acute ; racemes few-flowered ; tube of corolla much
longer than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on
the mountains. O. speciosus, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1992. Lindl.
coll. t. 13. but the synonymes given are extremely doubtful,
and ought probably to be excluded. Ucriana racemosa, Schum.
pi. guin. p. 107. Tube of corolla 6 inches long. Flowers
white, sweet-scented, (fig. 92.)
Hairy Oxyanthus. FI. July. Clt. 1789. Shrub 2 to 3 ft.
4 O. villo'sus ; villous all over ; leaves petiolate, obovate,
acute ; flowers subcapitate, terminal ; tube of corolla very long ;
style much exserted ; stigma clavate. T7 . S. Native of Sierra
Leone. Flowers cream-coloured, very fragrant. Calyx 5-cleft.
Villous Oxyanthus. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. This genus is easily distinguished by its very long,
slender, sweet-scented flowers. 'All the species thrive well in
a mixture of loam, sand, and peat; and cuttings are easily
XXXIV. STYLOCORVNA (from ori/Xoc, stylos, a style,
and tcopvvT), coryne, a club ; in allusion to the stigma, which is
clavate). Cav. icon. 4. p. 45. t. 368. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p.
100. t. 197. Blum, bijdr. p. 982. D. C. prod. 4. p. 377. —
Wahlenbergia, Blum. cat. liort. buit. p. 14. but not of Schrad.
nor Schum. — Ceriscus, Nees in flora, 1826, p. 116. and perhaps
of Gaertn.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate-
globose tube, and a short, tubular, 5-toothed limb. Corolla
salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube, and a 5-parted limb.
Stamens 5, inserted in the mouth of the tube of the corolla ;
anthers linear, very long. Style exserted ; stigma clavate, un-
divided, or the lobes are closely conferruminated. Berry glo-
bose, crowned by the calyx, dry, 2-celled ; placentas spongv,
adnate to the middle dissepiment. Seeds numerous, wingless,
angular. Albumen rather cartilaginous. Embryo long. — Trees
or unarmed shrubs. Leaves opposite, oval, or oblong, petio-
late. Stipulas solitary on both sides, 1 -nerved in the middle,
broad at the base and acuminated at the apex. Peduncles axil-
lary, and almost terminal, bearing many flowers disposed in
corymbs or cymes.
1 S. racemosa (Cav. 1. c. t. 368.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acute
at the base, acuminated at the apex, glabrous ; panicles axillary,
dichotomous, loose, one-half shorter than the leaves ; corolla
salver-shaped, having the lobes longer than the tube, . S.
Native of the Philippines. Corolla whitish-yellow. Berry sphe-
rical, about the size of a pea. Seeds nestling in pulp, ex
Cav. but not according to Gaertn., nor in the fruit examined.
Cymes of fruit large, spreading. Segments of corolla ovate, ob-
tuse.
.ftacmose-flowered Stylocoryna. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
2 S. fra'grans (Blum, bijdr. p. 982.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute at both ends, glabrous, beset with minute strigae on the
veins beneath; corymbs terminal, fastigiate, dense-flowered;
corolla salver-shaped, with the segments shorter than the tube.
*2 . S. Native of Java, in shady parts of woods. Wahlenbergia
fr&grans, Blum. cat. bort. buit. p. 13. Ceriscus fragrans, Nees,
in flora, 1825. p. 116. Style very long.
Fragrant Stylocoryna. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
3 S. laxiflora (Blum, bijdr. p. 983.) leaves oblong, acumi-
nated at both ends, strigose on the veins beneath ; corymbs ter-
minal, trichotomous, divaricate, loose-flowered ; corolla salver-
shaped. 1? . S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Parang,
in the province of Tjangor. The flowers are smaller, and the
styles less elongated than those of the preceding species.
Loose-Jlonered Stylocoryna. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
4 S. tomentosa (Blum, bijdr. 983.) branchlets, petioles, and
peduncles densely clothed with tomentum ; leaves oval, acute,
pubescent on the veins beneath ; cymes pedunculate, axillary,
and terminal, dense-flowered ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-parted.
J? . S. Native of Java, in the province of Bantam, on the moun-
tains.
Tomentose Stylocoryna. Tree 10 to 12 feet.
5 S. pube'scens (Bartl. in herb. Hsenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
377.) leaves oblong, acuminated, downy on both surfaces, as
well as on the branchlets ; cymes terminal, pedunculate, of 5 rays.
\ 2 . S. Native of the island of Luzon. Branches compressed!)-
tetragonal, opposite. Stipulas triangular, acuminated. Calyx
minutely 5-toothed. Lobes of corolla linear. Style filiform,
undivided, exserted.
Pubescent Stylocoryna. Shrub.
6 S. macropiiy'lla (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 377.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, and
RUBIACE43. XXXIV. Stylocoryna. XXXV. Genipa.
495
are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; panicle terminal, fasti-
giate ; flowers and pedicels pubescent on the outside. b • S.
Native of the island of Manilla, near Sorzogon.
Long-leaved, Stylocoryna. Shrub or tree.
7 S. ? Panda' ki (D. C. prod. 4. p. 377.) glabrous; spines
scattered ; leaves oblong, minutely apiculated at the apex ;
racemes axillary, short ; pedicels in fascicles, 1 -flowered ; tube
of corolla shorter than the lobes. b . S. Native of the East
Indies. Gardenia Pandaki, Vahl, herb, ex Puer. Randia Mala-
barica, Lam. Branches spinescent on one side. Leaves coria-
ceous, an inch long, and 4 lines broad. Peduncles axillary, very
short, bearing the pedicels in an umbel. Stigma oblong, un-
divided. Fruit unknown. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from
the following.
Pandaki Stylocoryna. Shrub.
8 S. Malaba'rica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 377.) spines opposite,
3 times shorter than the leaves ; leaves oblong-obovate, obtuse,
cuneated at the base, glabrous, beset with glandular pili in the
axils of the veins beneath ; umbels 8-10-flowered, almost termi-
nating the branches ; flowers on short pedicels ; limb of calyx
5 -toothed. b . S. Native of Coromandel and Malabar near
Cochin, in arid places. Gardenia fragrans, Roxb. corom. t. 197.
Posoqueria fragrans, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 167. Flowers small,
white, sweet-scented. Berry globose, size of a cherry, red, 2-
celled. Seeds orange coloured. Perhaps G. fragrans, Roth,
nov. spec. 150. is the same. The Benkara of Rheed. mal. cited
by Lam. for this species, is a distinct plant, from the flowers being
said to be purple. The shrub is well adapted for making hedges,
being well armed with thorns.
Malabar Stylocoryna. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxyanthus, p. 494.
XXXV. GE'NIPA ( Genipapo is the Guiana name of the first
species). Plum. cat. no. 20. Tourn. inst. t. 436, 437. Lin. gen.
no. 240. Juss. gen. 201. mem. mus. 6. p. 391. Gaertn. fil. carp.
3. p. 55. t. 190. D. C. prod. 4. p. 378. — Gardenia species,
Swartz, Lam. — Duroia, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 30.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a tubular truncate or subdentate limb. Corolla sal-
ver-shaped, not exceeding the tube of the calyx ; limb large, 5-
parted : segments ovate, acute. Anthers linear, sessile in the
throat of the corolla, exserted. Stigma clavate, obtuse, undi-
vided. Berry corticate, somewhat 4 -celled, crowned by the
tube of the calyx, attenuated at both ends. Seeds numerous,
horizontal, nestling in the pulp. Albumen cartilaginous. Em-
bryo with a common radicle, and foliaceous cotyledons. — Trees.
Leaves opposite, oval or oblong. Stipulas interpetiolar, ovate,
acuminated, deciduous. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or
few, white, at length yellow. Fruit when young yielding a black
juice. Genipa agrees with Stylocoryna in the undivided stigma,
and with Gardenia in habit: but from bo>th it is easily distin-
guished by the truncate limb of the calyx and fruit.
1 G. America'na (Lin. spec. 251.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
quite glabrous on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, dichoto-
mous, corymbose. b • S. Native of the Caribbee islands, as
in St. Domingo, &c., and now cultivated in many parts for the
sake of the fruit, especially in Brazil and Guiana. Plum. ed.
Burm. t. 136. Gaertn. fil. carp. t. 190. Gardenia Genipa,
Swartz, obs. p. 84. — Janipaba, Marcgr. bras. p. 92. with a
figure. Pis. bras. 159. with a figure. Flowers small, white.
Fruit large, greenish-white, full of dark purple juice ; pulp
edible, rather acid.
American or Common Genipa. Clt. 1779. Tree 20 to 30 ft.
j 2 G. Caiiu' to (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 407.)
I leaves obovate, obtuse, glabrous above, clothed with velvety to-
mentum beneath ; peduncles terminal, 2-3-flowered ; pedicels
longer than the peduncle. J? • S. Native on the banks of the
Orinoco and Rio Negro, and near Caraccas and Carthagena,
where it is called Caruto by the natives. Corolla white, having
the tube silky both inside and outside.
Caruto Genipa. Tree 20 feet.
3 G. pube'scens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 378.) leaves obovate, ob-
tuse, glabrous above, and clothed with velvety pubescence be-
neath ; flowers by threes, almost terminal, on very short pedi-
cels. 1? . S. Native of Cuba, about the Havannah. Flowers
very like those of G. Americana, but are on shorter pedicels, and
fewer in number ; and the leaves are broader and blunter.
Downy Genipa. Tree 20 feet.
4 G. oblongifo'lia (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 67. t. 220.
f. a.) leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, shining above, and downy on
the nerves beneath, with rather revolute margins; flowers
crowded at the tops of the branches, on short pedicels, and dis-
posed somewhat racemosely. b . S. Native of Peru, on the
Andes, in groves in hot places, and at Guayaquil. The corolla
is said to be yellow', but is probably white in the recent state as
in the rest of the species. Fruit size of a peach. The seeds and
pulp of the fruit are used by the Indians to dye their face and
hands of a permanent black colour.
Oblong-leaved Genipa. Clt. 1821. Tree 20 feet.
5 G. ? striiflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 378.) leaves elliptic,
membranous, acuminated at both ends, glabrous, on short pe-
tioles; stipulas small, deciduous; pedicels axillary, short, 1-
flowered ; limb of calyx broadly truncate, ciliated, short ; tube
of corolla broad, conical, striated, horny on the inside at the
base, and closed in the middle inside by a circle ofhairs ; stigma
thick, 2-lobed. b . S. Native of Brazil. Perhaps a proper
genus. Leaves somewhat sinuated from some cause.
Striped-flowered Genipa. Tree.
f Species not sufficiently known.
* American.
6 G. Meria'n^ (Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 107.) hairy ;
leaves oblong-obovate ; flowers crowded at the tops of the
branches ; fruit globose, very villous, crowned by the tube of
the calyx. b • S. Native of Cayenne and Surinam. Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 708. Duroia eriopila, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 30. and p.
209. — Merian, sur. t. 43. The tree has the habit of Isertia
coccinea. Flowers hexamerous and hexandrous, nearly ses-
sile, very like those of Jasminum Sdmbac. Berry hairy, about
the size of the clenched fist, umbilicate. Seeds imbedded in the
pulp, which is grateful and edible.
Merian s Genipa. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 feet.
* * Asiatic.
7 G. ? Buffali'na (Lour. coch. p. 149.) prickles long,
straight, opposite ; leaves ovate, glabrous, in fascicles ; flowers
solitary ; calyx bluntly 5-cleft; berry almost dry, roundish, b •
G. Native of Cochinchina. Flowers greenish-w'hite. Berry
brownish. Perhaps a species of Randia or Gardenia, but the
berry is said to be 2-celled. Corolla rotate, 5 -cleft.
Buffalo's Genipa. Shrub 9 feet.
8 G. ? escule'nta (Lour. 1. c.) stem quite simple ; spines
long, straight, opposite ; leaves opposite, hairy, in fascicles :
flowers lateral, in fascicles ; calyx acutely 5-cleft ; berry fleshy,
roundish, 1-celled. b- G. Native of Cochinchina. Flowers
greenish-white. Segments of corolla oblong, acuminated. Berry
size of a cherry, edible.
Esculent Genipa. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet.
9 G. ? fla'va (Lour. 1. c.) prickles few, scattered, straight ;
leaves broad-lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers solitary, terminal ;
corolla rather hairy. b • G. Native of China, about Canton.
Corolla yellow, rotate. Fruit unknown.
Yellow -lowered. Genipa. Shrub 5 feet.
496
RUBIACEAL
XXXVI. Gardenia.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Gardenia, p. 499.
XXXVI. GARDE'NIA (so named after Alexander Garden,
M.D. of Charlestown, Carolina, one of the correspondents of
Ellis and Linnaeus). Ellis, in Lin. gen. no. 296. Gaertn. fruct. t.
23. 177. 193. and 194. Blum, bijdr. p. 1014. Roxb. fl. ind. 2.
p. 549. D. C. prod. 4. p. 379. — Gardenia and Rothmannia,
Thunb. — Gardenia and Piringa, Juss. — Gardenia and Sahlbergia,
Neck.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia Calyx with an ovate,
usually ribbed tube, and a tubular truncate, toothed (f. 93. a.),
cleft, or parted limb. Corolla funnel-shaped (f. 93. b.), or salver-
shaped, having the tube much longer than the calyx, and the
limb twisted in aestivation (f. 93. e.), but afterwards spreading,
from 5-9-parted. Anthers 5-9, linear, almost sessile in the
throat of the corolla or exserted (f. 93. c.). Stigma clavate,
bifid or bidentate : lobes thick, erect. Ovarium 1 -celled, half
divided by 2-5 incomplete dissepiments. Berry fleshy, crowned
by the calyx, chartaceous or nucleate inside, incompletely 2-5-
celled. Seeds minute, immersed in the fleshy parietal placentas.
Embryo albuminous. — Unarmed or spinescent trees or shrubs.
Leaves opposite, and sometimes, though rarely, in whorls, oval
or ovate. Flowers axillary or terminal, usually solitary, white,
and generally sweet-scented. The fruit of the greater number of
the species not being sufficiently known, they cannot be divided
into proper sections.
§ 1. Shrubs without prickles. Tube of calyx or ovarium rib-
bed. Tube of corolla cylindrical.
1 G. flo'iiida (Lin. spec. p. 305.) shrubby, unarmed, erect ;
leaves elliptic, acute at both ends ; flowers solitary, almost ter-
minal, sessile, salver-shaped ; calycine segments vertical, lan-
ceolate-subulate, equalling the tube of the corolla in length ;
berry elongated, turbinate, ribbed. Tj . G. Native of China,
and cultivated in Japan, East Indies, the Cape of Good Hope,
&c. Ker, hot. reg. t. 449. G. jasminoides, Sol. phil. trans. 52.
t. 20. — Pluk. amalth. t. 448. f. 4. Jasminum Capense, Mill,
diet. no. 7. fig. t. 180. Ehret. pict. t. 15. Flowers white, sweet-
scented, 5-9-parted. Berry 5 -6-angled, 5-6-celled at the base,
and 1 -celled at the apex, orange coloured, size of a pigeon’s
egg, and the pulp is used for dyeing yellow in China and Japan.
bar. /3, fore plena ; flowers double white, when fully blown
about the size of the middling rose. Tj . G. This variety is
very frequent in gardens. G. jasminoides, Ellis in phil. trans.
vol. 51. t. 23. Jasminum Capense, Mill. fig. t. 180. — Rumph.
amb. 7. t. 14. f. 2.
Flowering Gardenia or Cape Jasmine. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
1754. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
2 G. RADicANS (Thunb. diss. gard. no. 1. t. 1. f. 1.) shrubby,
unarmed ; stems radicant ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers solitary,
almost terminal, and nearly sessile, salver-shaped ; segments of
the calyx vertical, linear-subulate, equal in length to the tube of
the corolla. . G. Native of Japan, and cultivated in the
East Indies, and at the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. jap.
t. 20. Ker, bot. reg. t. 73. Andr. bot. rep. t. 491. Flowers
white, very fragrant.
Rooting Gardenia or Cape Jasmine. Fl. March, June. Clt.
1804. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
3 G. angustifo'lia (Lodd. bot. cab. 512.) very like G.flbrida,
from which it chiefly differs in being smaller, with narrower
leaves, fj . S. Native country unknown. Flowers white,
sweet-scented.
Narrow-leaved Gardenia. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 ft.
4 G. tomentos a (Blum. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 379.) un-
armed ; branchlets, leaves, and calyxes clothed with velvety to-
mentum ; leaves obovate-cuneated ; flowers terminal, sessile,
solitary; tube of calyx angularly ribbed: calycine teeth 10,
subulate, short. fj . S. Native of the island of Java. Lobes
of corolla 1 0, obovate-oblong ; tube hardly longer than the
calyx. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Fruit unknown.
Tomentose Gardenia. Shrub.
5 G. caeycula'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 550.) arboreous, un-
armed ; leaves ovate, petiolate, acuminated, smooth ; flowers ter-
minal, solitary, sessile, involucrated ; calycine segments ensi-
form ; anthers inclosed within the tube of the corolla. Jj. S.
Native of the East Indies. Flowers large, white, fragrant, .
5-parted.
Calyculate Gardenia. Tree.
6 G. costa'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 550.) arboreous, unarmed;
leaves cuneiform-oblong, smooth, ribbed ; flowers terminal, sal-
ver-shaped ; calycine segments resiniferous, caducous ; berry
drupaceous, oval, 5-ribbed, 1 -celled, containing a 2-valved
shell; placentas 2, opposite. J? . S. Native of the mountainous
parts of India; from those of Chittagong it has been introduced
to the botanic garden of Calcutta. G coronaria, Hamilt. in
Symes. emb. to Ava, p. 474. with a figure. Flowers large,
white, sweet-scented, the tube being above 3 inches long, and
the border above 4 in diameter ; limb 5-parted. Berry yellow,
containing a soft and rather fetid pulp.
Ribbed-frmted Gardenia. Tree 20 feet.
7 G. carina' ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 560.) arbore-
ous, unarmed, resinous on the younger parts ; leaves elliptic-
obovate, ribbed, villous beneath ; flowers terminal, solitary ;
limb of calyx truncate, broad, obscurely 5-lobed, and 5-keeled ;
tube of corolla very long : limb 6-8-lobed. ^ • S. Native of
Penang, where it grotvs on the hills. Flowers smaller than those
of G. costata, at first snowr white, but afterwards yellow, becom-
ing when dry of a beautiful orange colour. Fruit precisely as in
G. costata.
Keeled- evdy^ed Gardenia. Tree.
8 G. grandiflora (Lour. coch. p. 147.) arboreous, unarmed;
leaves lanceolate, shining ; flowers solitary, lateral, and terminal,
hexamerous ; segments of the calyx reflexedly-falcate ; corolla
salver-shaped, 6-parted ; berry oblong, acute at both ends. Ij .
G. Native of Cochinchina, on the banks of rivers. Blum,
bijdr. p. 1013. Flowers large, white, sw>eet-scented. Berry
hexagonal, 1 -celled, glabrous, yellow. Seeds nestling in red
pulp. Anthers 6, rarely 5-7.
Great-flowered Gardenia. Tree middle-sized.
9 G. Taite'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 380.) unarmed, glabrous,
resinous at the tops of the branches ; leaves obovate, almost
sessile ; stipulas broad, connate, permanent, short-acuminated ;
flowers solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves, pedicellate ;
tube of calyx angular : limb 3-4-parted, writh vertical-oblong
foliaceous lobes ; corolla w'ith a long terete tube, and a 5-7-
parted limb. ^ • G. Native of the island of Tahiti, where it
was collected by D’Urville. Lobes of calyx fewer by abortion
than the lobes of the corolla- Stigma bifid, the lobes long, and
acute. Fruit unknown.
Tahiti Gardenia. Shrub.
10 G. Maru'ba (Siebold, in Blum, bijdr. p. 1013.) unarmed ;
leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, obovate, coriaceous, glabrous;
calyx angular, 5-cleft : segments subulate, spreading. 1? . G.
Native of Japan. The rest unknown.
Maruba Gardenia. Tree.
1 1 G. sulca'ta (Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 79. t. 194.) berry ob-
ovate or elliptic, attenuated at the base, angular from obtuse
furrows, 1 -celled ; seeds imbedded in the pulp. . G. Native
country unknown. Perhaps allied to G.flbrida.
FumumLfruited Gardenia. Shrub.
§2. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Tube of calyx or ovarium not
1
RUBIACEiE. XXXVI. Gardenia.
497
ribbed ; having the limb equally toothed or parted, rarely trun-
cate. Tube of corolla cylindrical.
12 G. muta'bilis (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 1016.) unarmed ?
leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous, but pubescent in the axils
of the ribs on the under surface ; flowers axillary, solitary ; limb
of calyx rather truncate ; corolla with an elongated glabrous
tube, and a 5-cleft limb. ^ . S. Native of the island of Ce-
lebes. Said to be allied to G. carinata and G. lubifora.
C hangeable-dowered Gardenia. Tree.
13 G. calycina ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather coriaceous,
glabrous, on short petioles ; flowers axillary, solitary, almost
sessile ; corolla with a long tube, and a 5-cleft equal border ;
calyx 5-cleft. Jj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the edges of
woods. Flowers pale red, pentandrous.
Large-calyxed Gardenia. Shrub.
14 G. Reinwardtia'na (Blum, bijdr. p. 1913.) unarmed?
leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, bluntish at the apex,
coriaceous, glabrous ; corymbs axillary, trifid, shorter than
the leaves; limb of calyx obsoletely 5-tootbed, rather trun-
cate ; corolla with an elongated glabrous tube, and a 5-cleft limb.
. S. Native of the Moluccas. Ignatia, Reinw. herb, ex
Blum. Ovarium half 2-celled, many seeded.
Reinmardt’s Gardenia. Shrub.
15 G. latifolia (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 294.) arboreous, un-
armed ; leaves almost sessile, ovate or obovate : in the axils of
the veins beneath are hollow glands with hairy margins ; flowers
terminal, 1-4-together, almost sessile, salver-shaped, 7 -11 -part-
ed ; limb of calyx short, subdentate ; berry drupaceous, round,
1-celled, 5-valved. J? . S. Native of the East Indies, on bar-
ren rocky hills, in the Circars and Carnatic. Roxb. cor. 2. p. 18.
t. 134. fl. ind. 2. p. 552. G. enneandra, Keen. mss. ex
Roxb. Flowers very large and very fragrant, when they first
open in the morning white, gradually growing yellow before
night. Berry size of a pullet’s egg, crowned by a small part
only of the tube of the calyx. Leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl.
— G. latifolia, Gaertn. fr. 3. p. 78. t. 193. is a distinct species
from the fruit being crowned by the whole of the calyx, not with
part of it.
Broad- leaved Gardenia. Clt. 1787. Tree 10 feet.
16 G. lu'cida (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 553.) subarboreous, un-
armed, with resinous buds ; leaves oblong, smooth, shining, with
lateral simple parallel veins ; flowers almost terminal, solitary,
on short pedicels : lobes of calyx 5, subulate, 3 times shorter
than the tube of the corolla ; berry drupaceous, containing a 2-
valved shell. T2 • S. Native of Chittagong, and various other
parts of India ; and of the island of Luzon. Leaves about 6
inches long and 3 broad. Peduncles clavate, 1 to l|- inch long.
Flowers large, pure white, fragrant, 5-parted.
Shining-Xedixed. Gardenia. Clt. 1819. Shrub or tree.
17 G. arborea (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 554.) arboreous, un-
armed ; leaves ovate-oblong ; flowers terminal, almost sessile,
usually by threes ; corolla with a filiform tube, and a 5-parted
hmb; berry drupaceous, smooth, containing a 4-5-valved shell.
\ . S. Native of the East Indies, among the Circars. The
leaves are deciduous during the cold season, and the shrub con-
tinues naked till the hot season is pretty far advanced. From
the buds and wounds made in the bark there exudes a very
beautiful yellow resin, like that from G. gummifera. The size,
number, fragrance, mutability, and beauty of the flowers of this
species render it more deserving of a place in the garden than
any other species. The natives eat the fruit when ripe.
Arboreous Gardenia. Tree.
18 G. gummi'fera (Lin. fil. suppl. 1. p. 164.) shrubby, un-
armed, with resinous buds ; leaves oblong, bluntly acuminated,
(hairy, ex Lin.) ; flowers sessile, solitary, almost terminal ; seg-
VOL. III.
ments of the calyx ovate, acute, very short ; tube of corolla equal
in length to the limb. T? . S. Native of Ceylon and Coro-
mandel. Thunb. diss. gard. no. 4. t. 2. f. 3. Rottl. and Willd.
in act. bonn. 4. (1803) p. 198. G. inermis, Dietr. lex. 4. p.
285. Allied to G. arborea. Flowers white, sweet-scented.
From the bark of this tree exudes a yellow resin, similar to gum
elemi.
Gum-bearing Gardenia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
1 9 G. clxjslefolia (Jacq. coll, append. 37. t. 4. f. 3.) shrubby,
unarmed, glabrous ; leaves obovate, retuse, and somewhat emar-
ginate, coriaceous, on short petioles ; peduncles almost terminal,
racemose ; flowers on long pedicels ; limb of calyx short, 5-
toothed ; corolla salver-shaped, with 5 linear acute segments,
which are about the length of the tube. f? • G. Native of the
Bahama islands, where it is called by the inhabitants seven years
apple, ex Catesb. car. 1. p. 59. t. 59. Flowers white, sweet-
scented, with a greenish tube. Berry large, oval. Seeds im-
bedded in the pulp. The internal structure of the berry is un-
known. It differs from Gardenia in the shape of the stigma and
disposition of the flowers.
Clusia-leaved Gardenia. Shrub 5 feet.
20 G. ? tetraspe'rma (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 555.) shrubby,
unarmed ; leaves obovate-cuneated, smooth ; flowers axillary,
solitary, on short pedicels, pentandrous ; calycine segments 5,
subulate; limb of corolla 5-parted; berry round, 4-seeded.
Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains near Shree-
nugur. Gardenia, no. 3. Hardw. in asiat. res. 6. p. 354. Leaves
on short petioles. Flowers greenish yellow, sweet-scented, with
a long tube, which widens upwards, and partly closed about the
middle by a ring of silky down.
Four-seeded Gardenia. Shrub 2 feet.
21 G. tubi'fera (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 562.) subar-
boreous, unarmed ; leaves cuneate-oblong, petiolate, slightly
scabrous above, and pubescent beneath ; drupe round, uneven,
crowned by the very long truncate calycine tube. . S. Native
of the East Indies, in Singapore. All the young parts of the
tree are resinous. Leaves 5-6 inches long. Drupe containing
a putamen, which is divisible into 8 valves. Flowers unknown.
Tube-bearing Gardenia. Tree or shrub.
22 G. ? anisofhy'lla (Jack, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 561.)
arboreous, unarmed ; leaves elliptic, those opposite each other
unequal, densely clothed with villi ; stipulas concrete at the
base, bearded inside ; corymbs axillary, villous ; limb of calyx
5-toothed ; tube of corolla short ; drupe oval, villous. . S.
Native of the islands of Pulo-Penang and Singapore, on the hills.
Leaves tapering to the base, 6-12 inches long. Flowers rather
small, white, by threes, villous outside : limb 5-parted. Stigma
clavate, 2-lobed. Drupe size of a walnut, containing a 2-valved
putamen. Perhaps a species of Genipa or Posoqueria.
Unequal-leaved Gardenia. Tree.
23 G. Formosa (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 200.)
unarmed ; leaves on short petioles, nearly orbicular, terminating
in a very short acumen each, clothed with canescent tomentum
along the veins on the upper surface, but clothed with hoary
tomentum underneath, as well as the petioles, cymes, and flowers;
calyx 5-toothed ; stigma bilamellate. . S. Native of Brazil.
Corolla white, having the tube about 4 inches long, and the throat
an inch in diameter; limb 5-parted. Fruit unknown.
Beautiful Gardenia. Shrub.
24 G. Sellowia'na (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 198.) un-
armed, glabrous ; leaves broad-lanceolate, on short petioles,
shining above ; stipulas connate between the petioles ; cymes 3-
5-flowered ; calyx 5-toothed ; stigma bilamellate. ^ . S. Native
of Equinoxial Brazil. Corolla white, hairy ; the tube about 3
inches long and coriaceous, and the limb 5-parted. Fruit sphe-
rical, smooth.
3 S
498
RUBIACE/E. XXXVI. Gardenia.
Sello’s Gardenia. Shrub.
25 G. hexa/ndra (Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 243.) unarmed ; leaves obovate, pubescent beneath ; flowers
usually hexandrous ; corollas hairy both inside and outside, with
the tube very short. *2 • S. Native of South America, w'here
it was collected by Humboldt and Bonpland. The rest un-
known.
Hexandrous- flowered Gardenia. Shrub.
§ 3. Unarmed shrubs. Tube of calyx or ovarium not ribbed ;
but the limb is tubular and ribbed, 5-6-cleJt, as well as being cleft
laterally. Tube of corolla cylindrical. — Piringa, Juss.
26 G. Thunbe'rgii (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 162.) shrubby, un-
armed ; leaves elliptic, acute, glabrous ; flowers terminal, soli-
tary, sessile, 8-parted; limb of calyx tubular, cleft laterally:
with the segments dilated at the apex ; berry ovate. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, and the island of Manilla.
Thunb. diss. gard. no. 3. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1004. Thunbergia
Capensis, Montin, in act. holm. 1773. t. 11. G. verticillata,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 607. G. crassicaulis, Salisb. par. lond. t. 46.
Bergkias, Sonner. voy. nov. guin. t. 17-18. Journ. phys. 3. p.
299. t. 3. Caquepiria Bergkia, Gmel. syst. 651. Piringa, Juss.
mem. mus. 6. p. 399. Flowers large, white, fragrant. Berry
1 -celled; placentas parietal, 4, exserted. Leaves opposite, or
3-4 in a whorl.
Thunberg’s Gardenia. FI. Jan. March. Clt. 1774. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
§4. Unarmed shrubs. Tube of calyx ribbed or angular from
the decurrent segments. Tube of corolla with a dilated obconical
throat. Berry 2-celled. — Rothmannia, Thunb.
27 G. Rothma'nnia (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 165.) arboreous, un-
armed ; leaves oblong, acute, glabrous, on very short petioles,
having glandular hairs in the axils of the veins underneath ;
flowers axillary, and almost terminal, solitary, sessile, 5-parted,
and pentandrous ; calyx ribbed, having the segments subulate,
terete, and erect ; corolla with an obconical tube, a campa-
nulate throat, and spreading acute segments. . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. diss. gard. no. 6. Sims,
bot. mag. 690. Rothmannia Capensis, Thunb. act. holm. 1776.
p. 65. f. 2. Flowers white, spotted with red, sweet-scented ;
tube of corolla glabrous. Young branches downy.
Rothmann's Gardenia. FI. July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 5 to
10 feet.
§ 5. Unarmed or spinose shrubs. Leaves 3 in a whorl.
28 G. ternifolia (Thonn. in Schum. pi. guin. p. 147.) un-
armed, glabrous ; leaves 3 in a whorl, obovate, cuneated at the
base, almost sessile ; flowers solitary, almost terminal, girded at
the base by a short truncate involucel ; calyx with a smooth
tube, and a tubular short toothed limb ; corolla with a long
terete tube, and a 6-7-parted limb, . S. Native of Guinea.
Flowers 3 inches long, white ; lobes of corolla oval-oblong,
acutish.
Tern-leaved Gardenia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
29 G. triaca'ntha (D. C. prod. 4. p. 382.) glabrous ;
branches 3 in a whorl, spinescent ; leaves 3 in a whorl, obovate,
cuneated at the base, almost sessile ; flowers solitary, terminal,
sessile ; calyx with a smooth tube, and a tubular semi-5-cleft
limb : lobes acute ; corolla with a long almost terete tube, and a
5-parted limb: lobes thick, obovate. T? . S. Native of the
Gambia, in woods. Leaves hardly an inch long. Corolla 2
inches long. Berry ovate-globose. Fruit size of a walnut.
Spines thick, short, conical, spreading.
Three-spined Gardenia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
30 G. medicina'lis (Vahl, in Schum. pi. guin. p. 148.) gla-
brous ; spines tern, stiff, leafy at the apex ; leaves elliptic, gla-
brous ; flowers terminal, sessile, solitary ; limb of calyx bifid,
with roundish recesses, and trifid segments ; corolla with the
tube dilated upwards, and the lobes obovate. T?. S. Native of
Guinea.
Medicinal Gardenia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
§ 6. Spiny shrubs.
31 G. amce'na (Sims, bot.
mag. t. 1904.) shrubby ; spines
axillary, short, straight ; leaves
oval, acute, glabrous, on short
petioles ; flowers almost termi-
nal, solitary, sessile, 5-parted,
and pentandrous ; tube of calyx
with short teeth ; corolla salver-
shaped, with a long terete tube.
1? • G. Native of China. Flowers
white, having the lobes purple
on the outside in that part,
which is exposed to the air,
while the corolla is in aestiva-
tion ; the tube greenish.
Pleasing Gardenia. FI. June,
Aug. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
32 G. tu'rgida (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 557.) arboreous, with
swollen mealy bark, and brachiate branches ; spines opposite
and terminal ; leaves obovate, tapering into the petioles at the
base, smooth ; flowers lateral, usually solitary ; limb of calyx
tubular, 5-toothed; corolla smooth, salver- shaped ; anthers
almost inclosed. I2 . S. Native of the East Indies, at Botham.
Leaves 1-4 inches long, and 1-3 broad. Stipulas broad at the
base, and subulate at the apex. Flowers 5-6-parted. Berry
oval, scabrous outside, containing a hard 5-valved putamen.
Seeds imbedded in the pulp. Stigma clavate, 5-grooved.
ArcwWen-barked Gardenia. Tree.
33 G. monta'na (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 556.) arboreous ; spines
opposite, short, acute, stiff ; leaves oblong, obtuse, almost ses-
sile, downy beneath, with revolute edges ; flowers rising 3-5 in
a fascicle from the buds, on short pedicels; limb of calyx usually
5-toothed; corolla 5-7-cleft; stamens inclosed; berry drupa-
ceous, roundish, containing a 5-6-valved putamen. . S. Na-
tive of the East Indies, among the Circar mountains. Bark
white, soft, and spongy. Leaves deciduous in December, 3 inches
long, and 2 broad, smooth and shining above. Flowers pretty
large, fragrant, when first open white, but soon becoming more
or less yellow. Corolla with a somewhat gibbous tube, and a
smooth throat. Nectary a moniliform fleshy ring, surrounding
the insertion of the style. Berry the size of a pullet’s egg, ash
coloured, and yellow mixed. Seeds imbedded in the pulp.
Mountain Gardenia. Clt. 1819. Tree or shrub.
34 G. campanula'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 557.) shrubby;
branches short, spiny at the apex ; spines solitary ; leaves lan-
ceolate, smooth, acuminated at both ends ; flowers on short pe-
dicels, in terminal and lateral fascicles ; limb of calyx campanu-
late, with a short acutely 5-toothed border ; corolla subcampanu-
late, 5-lobed ; berry roundish-ovate. 1? . S. Native of the
East Indies, in the forests of Chittagong. Thorns generally ter-
minating the little lateral opposite branchlets. Leaves 2-5
inches long. Stipulas triangular, acute. Flowers small, of a
pale yellow colour, crowded at the extremities of short stifl
lateral spinose branchlets. Stigma somewhat 5-grooved. An-
thers inclosed. Berry round, the size of a golden pippin apple,
smooth, 1 -celled; placentas 5, parietal. Seeds imbedded in the
yellow pulp.
Ca7H_pa«a/atoq, ous olos, an ear ; the leaves are oval, soft, and firm, from
RUBIACE^E. LXXVI. Hedyotis.
525
which circumstance they have been compared to ears). Roxb.
fl. ind. 1. p. 368. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 153.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 419. — Hedybtis species of Lin. and all authors.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 4-toothed limb : teeth erect, permanent, also sepa-
rated on the fruit by acute narrow recesses. Corolla with a short
tube, a bearded throat, and a 4-lobed limb. Stamens exserted a
little ; anthers ovate or roundish, small. Capsule ovate, some-
what attenuated at the apex, crowned by the calycine teeth,
which are connivent, but separate, 2-celled, and dehiscing in the
middle of the cells. Seeds minute, angular, many in each cell.
— Herbs, sometimes suffruticose at the base, with a habit like
that of Spermacoce. Stems tetragonal or nearly terete. Leaves
opposite. Stipulas adhering to the petioles on both sides, end-
ing in many bristles. Flowers axillary, usually glomerate. —
This genus differs from Houstonia, to which St. Hil. pi. rem.
bras. p. xxi. has joined it, in the calyx being adnate to the fruit
the whole length. It differs from Oldenlandia in the teeth of
the calyx being separated on the fruit by narrow recesses, not
by broad ones.
* Pedicels axillary, \-Jlotvered, solitary, and sometimes twin.
1 H. gra'cilis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 419.) plant decumbent and
elongated, scabrous from hairs ; leaves linear, acute ; stipulas
cleft into many bristles ; pedicelsaxillary, 1 -flowered, solitary,
equal in length to the leaves ; corolla hardly longer than the
calycine teeth. — Native of New Caledonia. Capsule downy,
ovate, rather compressed : lobes of calyx lanceolate, separated
by narrow recesses.
Slender Hedyotis. PI. decumbent.
2 H. Adsce'nsionis (D. C. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, branched,
glabrous ; leaves linear, acute, with revolute margins, and are, as
well as the calyxes, rather scabrous; pedicelsaxillary, solitary,
1-flowered, shorter than the flowers, fj . S. Native of the
island of Ascension, where it was collected by Lesson, G. Don,
&c. Herb becoming black on drying. Capsule compressed.
Seeds very minute. Corolla white. Lobes of calyx long, linear.
Ascension Hedyotis. PI. foot.
3 H. pauciflora (Bartl. in herb. Hsenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 419.) plant suffruticose, glabrous; branches tetragonal,
smooth ; leaves linear, very acute, with revolute margins ; sti-
pulas with many stiff erect bristles ; flowers solitary, axillary,
hardly pedicellate. Tj . S. Native of the island of Luzon, one
of the Philippines. Leaves 1 or \\ inch long, and a line broad.
Fruit unknown, but the lobes of the calyx are separated by nar-
row recesses, indicating it to belong to this genus.
Few-jlowered Hedyotis. PI.
* * Flowers axillary, almost sessile, disposed in glomerate
nhorles.
4 H. tenelliflora (Blum, bijdr. p. 971.) stems suffruticose,
kneed, procumbent ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate, veinless
beneath, with scabrous margins ; bristles of stipulas long and
setaceous ; flowers usually twin, axillary, sessile. Tj . S. Na-
tive of the island of Nusa Kambanga, near Java.
Slender -flowered Hedyotis. Shrub procumbent.
5 H. angustifolia (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p.
153.) stems branched a little, tetragonal, when young the angles
are hairy ; leaves linear, very narrow, acute, with revolute sca-
brous margins; stipulas hairy, membranaceously fringed; flowers
3-6-together, axillary, almost sessile, glomerate. ©. F. Native
of the island of Luzon, one of the Philippines.
Narrow-leaved Hedyotis. PI. foot.
6 H. Boscii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 420.) plant glabrous ; stems
herbaceous, ascending, branched, slender, tetragonal ; leaves
linear ; bristles of stipulas shorter than the fruit ; flowers few,
axillary, somewhat verticillate ; fruit ovate, crowned by the
teeth of the calyx, which are acute. ©. ? H. Native of Caro-
lina, where it was collected by Bose, and sent home under the
name of Diodia. Leaves almost an inch long, and a line broad.
Seeds very minute.
Bose’s Hedyotis. PI. ascending.
7 H . auricula ria (Lin. spec. 147.) stem almost simple, tetra-
gonal, rather hairy at the apex ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, nerved ;
stipulas ciliated with bristles ; flowers glomerate, axillary, some-
what verticillate. 2(. S. Native of Ceylon, Malabar, also of
Silhet and Nipaul, ex Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 369. Rheed. mal. 10.
t. 32. — Burm. fl. zeyl. t. 108. f. 1. ? H. nervosa, Lam. diet. 3.
p. 79. ? Flowers white, sessile.
Auricled Hedyotis. PI. ^ foot, procumbent.
8 H. genicula'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 368.) plant weak, de-
cumbent ; stems nodose, terete, smooth ; leaves almost sessile,
lanceolate, smooth ; flowers on short peduncles, disposed in
whorles. — Native of the Malay Islands. The rest unknown.
Aweed-stemmed Hedyotis. PI. decumbent.
9 H. Lapeyrou'sii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 420.) stem erect, gla-
brous, terete, rather angular at the apex, and hardly branched ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous ;
stipulas of many bristles ; flowers few, axillary, almost sessile,
verticillate; capsules globose. ©. F. Native of the island of
Vanikoro, where it was collected by Lesson. Stem 1^- foot
high. Leaves 4 inches long, and 8-10 lines broad, lined with
5-6 oblique nerves on each side.
La Peyrouse’s Hedyotis. PI. 1^ foot.
10 H. crassifolia (Blum, bijdr. p. 971.) stems diffuse, rather
hairy ; leaves lanceolate, cuspidate, almost veinless, except the
middle nerve, scabrous beneath and on the margins, on very
short petioles ; stipulas setigerous ; flowers disposed in dense
whorles ; filaments exserted. — Native of the west of Java, in
humid shady places. Said to be allied to H. lnspida. Bristles
of the stipulas long. Teeth of calyx very acute. Perhaps the
same as H. cratceogbnum.
Thick-leaved Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
11 H. crat^eogonum (Spreng. pug. 2. p. 35.) stems terete,
glabrous, articulated ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, veiny, sca-
brous ; stipulas setaceously jagged ; flowers sessile, disposed in
glomerate whorles. — Native of Amboyna, ex Rumph. amb. 6.
p. 25. t. 10. ; and of Java, ex Lin. not in Jamaica, as said by
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 199. Oldenlandia verticillata,
Lin. mant. 40.
Strong-jointed Hedyotis. PI. 1 foot.
12 H. hi'sfida (Retz, obs. 4. p. 23. but not of Roth,) stems
diffuse, branched, tetragonal, rooting at the nodi ; leaves sessile,
lanceolate, with hispid margins; stipulas with many bristles;
flowers axillary, almost sessile, disposed in glomerate whorles ;
filaments inclosed. — Native of China, ex Retz; of the Moluccas,
ex Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 368.; of Java, Blum, bijdr. p. 971.
Oldenlandia hfspida, Poir. diet. 4. p. 536. Stamens shorter
than the style, which is clavate, ex Retz. Capsule hispid, ex
Spreng. pug. 2. p. 32.
Hisjnd Hedyotis. PI. \ foot, decumbent.
13 H. uncine'lla (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p.
192.) plant suffruticose, glabrQus ; branches simple ; leaves pe-
tiolate, oblong-lanceolate, with almost simple longitudinal veins;
flowers axillary and terminal, numerous, almost sessile, disposed
in glomerate whorles ; capsules turbinate, glabrous, crowned,
bipartite at the dissepiment ; tube of calyx contracted, and the
lobes subulate and recurvedly uncinate, long, and ciliated. .
G. Native of China. This may be the type of a new genus,
and is probably the H. cephalophora, R. Br. in Wall. cat.
no. 842.
Hooked- calyxed Hedyotis. Shrub.
526
RUBIACEAL LXXVI. Hedyotis.
14 H. rotundifo’lia (Spreng. pug. 3. p. 197.) plant decum-
bent, branched a little ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, somewhat
3-nerved ; stipulas scarious, ciliated ; flowers axillary, almost
sessile, disposed in whorles ; capsules hispid. — Native of the
East Indies, in humid places. Oldenlandia trinervia, Retz, obs.
4, p. 23.
Round-leaved Hedyotis. PI. decumbent.
15 H. perpusi'lla (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 259.)
glabrous ; stems tufted, diffuse, branched, weak ; leaves oblong ;
stipulas minute, not setigerous ; pedicels terminal, and from the
forks of the branches, 1-flowered, about equal in length to the
leaves ; tube of calyx globose, hispid from bristles ; teeth of
calyx erect, ovate, obtuse. — Occasionally found in inundated
places by the shores of La Plata, near Buenos Ayres. Stem 1
to 2 inches long, branched ; the branches are furnished with
several short lateral ramuli, from the axils of which springs a
peduncle, which after flowering becomes reflexed. Very closely
allied to H. uniflora, but seems to differ from the genus by the
stipulas not being furnished with bristles.
Least Hedyotis. PI. tufted.
16 H. nodiflora (Wall. cat. no. 855.) glabrous ; stems quad-
rangular ; petioles downy ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminated,
veined ; flowers much crowded, axillary, subverticillate, sessile.
If. S. Native of the East Indies, in Tavoy.
Knot- flowered Hedyotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
17 H. arge'ntea (Wall. cat. no. 858.) glabrous; stem quad-
rangular; leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, whitish above, and
rusty beneath ; flowers in axillary heaps. 1/ . S. Native of
the Burmese Empire, on the banks of the Irrawaddy.
Silvery Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
18 H. costa ta (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 849.) stem downy,
quadrangular ; leaves lanceolate, tapering to both ends, glabrous,
with many parallel veins ; flowers disposed in crow’ded axillary
heaps, subverticillate ; teeth of calyx separated by distant reces-
ses. If . S. Native of Pulo-Penang and Silhet.
Ribbed Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
19 H. pinifolia (Wall. cat. no. 850.) plant much branched;
branches quadrangular ; leaves linear, with revolute edges ;
flowers disposed in axillary and terminal verticillate heaps. ©.
5. Native of Pulo-Penang, and of the Burmese Empire, at
Prome and Amherst. Perhaps a species of Oldenlandia.
Pine-leaved Hedyotis. PI. \ to 1 foot.
20 H. conge'sta (R. Br. in Wall. cat. 844.) herbaceous, gla-
brous ; stem and branches quadrangular; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminated, pale beneath ; flowers crowded, axillary ; sti-
pulas somewhat pinnatifid ; lobes of calyx rounded, separated
by narrow blunt recesses. 1/ . F. Native of Pulo-Penang.
Crowded- flowered Hedyotis. PI. 3 to 4 feet.
21 H. macrophy'lla (Wall. cat. no. 841.) stem and branches
quadrangular ; leaves large, roughish, veined, tapering to both
ends ; stipulas pinnatifid ; flowers much crowded, axillary, form-
ing glomerate whorles. 1/ . S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Calyx
downy, with the lobes separated by narrow recesses.
Large-leaved Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
* * * Peduncles axillary, many -flowered : flowers crowded.
22 H. capita'ta (Lam. diet. .3. p. 80.) stem terete, almost
simple, downy ; leaves almost petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
nerved, glabrous above, velvety on the nerves beneath ; stipulas
setaceously jagged ; peduncles axillary, solitary, much shorter
than the leaves, bearing each a dense head of flowers. — Native
of the East Indies, particularly in Java, in moist parts of moun-
tains. Blum, bijdr. p. 973. Habit of Euphorbia capitdta.
Capitate-flowered Hedyotis. PI. ^ foot.
23 H. linea'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 369.) plant diffuse, pi-
lose; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, with longitudinal simple
parallel veins ; peduncles axillary, many flowered, rather long,
2-3-together ; capsules round, pilose. ©. F. Native of the
East Indies, in Chittagong. The rest unknown.
Lined-leaved Hedyotis. PI. diffuse.
24 H. ulmifolia (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 370.) plant
ascending, clothed with soft hairs ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acute,
nerved, very villous on the nerves on both surfaces ; stipulas
cup-shaped, acuminated at both ends, joined to both sides of
the petioles ; peduncles axillary, much shorter than the leaves,
bearing many subcorymbose flowers ; flowers usually by threes ;
calyx villous, with acute lobes. If. G. Native of Nipaul. H.
lineata, D. Don, fl. nep. p. 134. but not of Roxb. Spermacoce
lineata, Hamilt. mss. Stipulas coriaceous, acuminated in the
middle. Stems many from the same root, woody, simple. Caly-
cine segments lanceolate, spreading.
Elm-leaved Hedyotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
25 H. vesti'ta (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 847.) stems, peduncles,
and petioles villous ; stem quadrangular ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, much acuminated, tapering at the base, downy, particu-
larly on the veins beneath ; stipulas villous, bearing 3 long bris-
tles each ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, each division bear-
ing a head of flowers. If. S. Native of Pulo-Penang and
Silhet. Leaves with parallel veins.
Clothed Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
26 H. macroste' mon (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 192.) plant suffruticose, branched; branches pubescent ; leaves
on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, clothed with soft down be-
neath, rather scabrous and shining above, with longitudinal
simple parallel veins ; peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than
the leaves, many flowered ; flowers capitate ; stamens much ex-
serted ; capsules hairy, free at the apex. Tj • G. Native of
China. Closely allied to the two preceding species.
Long-stamened Hedyotis. PI. foot.
27 H. serpyllifolia (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 14.) stem herbaceous,
branched, rather angular ; leaves ovate, acuminately mucronate,
somewhat ciliated ; stipulas bipartite, acuminated ; flowers 2-4
in each heap, axillary and terminal, on short peduncles ; tube of
calyx downy. — Native of the island of Bourbon, where it was
collected by Bory de St. Vincent. Corolla white, shorter than
the calyx. Seeds innumerable, very minute. Stem hispid.
Wild Thyme-leaved Hedyotis. PI. to | foot.
28 H. re'pens ; stem creeping, filiform, branched, rooting at
every joint ; leaves small, oval or obovate,' linear-lanceolate, ex
Lour, smooth ; flowers axillary, solitary, on very short pedicels ;
capsule nearly globular, covered with hollow pellucid hairs. If .
S. Native of the East Indies and China. Oldenlandia ripens,
Burm. fl. ind. 38. t. 15. f. 2. Lour. coch. p. 78. Corolla bell-
shaped, white.
Creeping Hedyotis. PI. creeping.
29 H. uniflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 421.) plant glabrous;
stems creeping, branched, weak ; leaves ovate-roundish, obtuse ;
stipulas small; pedicels terminal, 1-flowered, longer than the
leaves ; tube of calyx rather hispid. ©. F. Native of Chili,
in sandy places along the banks of streams. Oldenlandia uni-
flora, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 57. Corolla with a broad tube,
which is bearded inside. Lobes of calyx ovate, acutish.
One-flowered Hedyotis. PI. creeping.
30 H. glomera'ta (Ell. sketch. 1. p. 185.) stem nearly erect,
herbaceous, downy, branched ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at
the base, downy ; stipulas acutely bidentate ; flowers almost ses-
sile, capitate, axillary and terminal, rarely almost solitary ; tube
of calyx hispid. ©.exTorrey, Tf.exEll. H. Native of North
America, in humid places, from Carolina to New York. Torr.
fl. un. st. 1. p. 171. Oldenlandia glomerata, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 83. H. auriculata, Walt. car. p. 85. but not of
Lin. Oldenlandia uniflora, Lin. ex Willd. spec. 1. p. 674. H.
1
RUBIACEdL LXXVI. Hedyotis. LXXVIII. Oldenlandia.
527
uniflora, Lam. ill. p. 271. ? H. Virginica and H. glomerata,
Spreng. syst. 1. p 412, 413. Lobes of calyx 4, ovate, acumi-
nated. Corolla subrotate, shorter than the calyx ; with the lobes
rather spinose. Stamens short, opposite the lobes of the corolla,
ex Torrey. Style almost wanting ; stigma thick, undivided.
Seeds innumerable, very minute, as in the genus Oldenlandia.
Glomerate-flowered Hedyotis. PI. creeping.
31 H. Goree'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 421.) plant diffuse,
many stemmed ; stems rather angular, glabrous, except at the
nodi, where they are downy ; leaves lanceolate, acute, glabrous ;
peduncles axillary and on the tops of the branches, disposed in um-
bellate heaps, a little shorter than the fruit ; fruit downy, crowned
by the calycine teeth, which are subulate, and somewhat invo-
lutely uncinate at the apex. ©. F. Native of the coast of
Africa, in the island of Goree. Habit of Chickweed. Leaves
oval-oblong or lanceolate. Capsule dehiscing but slowly. Seeds
very minute. Corolla not seen.
Var. fi, erecta (D. C. 1. c.) stems erect, much shorter than
those of the species ; heads of flowers solitary, terminal, umbel-
late. ©. S. Native in humid parts of woods.
Goree Hedyotis. PI. diffuse.
* * * * Panicles or corymbs terminal, loose, rarely axillary.
The species are very different from each other, and from the rest
of the genus.
32 H. ? la'xa (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 135.) stem herbace-
ous, weak, dichotomously branched, angular, glabrous ; leaves
ovate, acute, rather hairy on both surfaces, ciliated ; stipulas
divided into bristles ; peduncles axillary, dichotomous ; flowers
usually by threes. G. Native of Nipaul. Habit of a
species of Opkiorhiza. Anthers in some specimens examined
exserted, and in others almost inclosed. Teeth of calyx acutely
mucronate, 3 times shorter than the corolla. Capsule somewhat
didymous, free at top, and dehiscing in the middle of the cells.
Seeds ovate-roundish.
Loose-fl owered Hedyotis. PI. 1^ foot.
33 H. polyca'rpa (Wall. cat. 838.) branches tetragonal;
leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, tapering to the base ; sti-
pulas joined to the petioles, and forming a sheath with them,
furnished with a tooth on each side ; panicle terminal, corym-
bose, trichotomous ; lobes of calyx separated by broad recesses.
7/ . S. Native of Silhet. Perhaps a species of Oldenlandia.
Many-fruited Hedyotis. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
34 H. mollis (Wall. cat. no. 859.) plant clothed with soft
white down in every part, but particularly so on the under side
of the leaves ; peduncles axillary and terminal, panicled ; pedi-
cels corymbose ; stipulas with 3 bristles. 7/ . S. Native of
Pulo-Penang.
Soft Hedyotis. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
35 H. vagina'ta (Blum. herb, and mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
421.) plant suffruticose, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, much acu-
minated, nerved ; stipulas long, sheathing, drawn out on both
sides into one puberulous bristle ; corymbs terminal, trichoto-
mous ; throat of corolla bearded ; stamens exserted. ^ • S.
Native of the island of Ternate, one of the Moluccas.
jS’4ca2 . S.
Native of Madagascar, from whence it has been introduced to
China and the Mauritius. Lam. ill. t. 159. Sieb. fl. maur. exs.
2. no. 77. and no. 13S. V. cymdsa, Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 75.
t. 193. V. Madagascariensis, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 367. V. Com-
mersonii, Desf. ex Steud. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 44. Vavanga
Chin6nsis, Rohr, and Vavanga edulis, Vahl, act. soc. hist. nat.
hafn. 2. pt. 1. p. 207. and p. 208. t. 7. The habit of the tree
550
RUBIACEiE. CX. Vangueria. CXI. Guettarda.
is much like that of Callicarpa. The fruit is eaten by the
natives of Madagascar and the Mauritius under the names of
Voa-vanga and Voa-vanguer. Flowers white.
Edible-fruited Vangueria. Clt. 1809. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
2 V. spino'sa (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 172.) spines decussate ;
leaves ovate-oblong, smooth ; cymes axillary, in fascicles. 1 j . S.
Native of Bengal and China ; in Bengal it is called Mayna.
Meynea spinosa, Link, jahrb. 1-3. H. p. 32. Roem. et Schultes,
mant. 1. p. 67. and 84. Leaves opposite or three in a whorl,
3- 4 inches long. Flowers axillary, fascicled on a short peduncle,
with proper longer pedicels, small, of a pale greenish colour.
Anthers small, cordate. Stigma 4-5-lobed. Berry size of a
cherry, turbinate, smooth, yellow when ripe, succulent, and
edible. The flowers and habit of the whole plant are exceedingly
like Canthium parvifiorum.
Spinose Vangueria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub large.
3 V. infau sta (Burch, cat. geogr. pi. afr. austr. no. 2629.
trav. 2. p. 258. and 259. with a figure,) unarmed ; leaves to-
•mentose, roundish-ovate, usually acuminated ; cymes axillary.
T? . S. Native of the south of Africa, without the tropic, in the
territory of Bachapin, where it is considered unlucky by the in-
habitants. Fruit round, an inch in diameter, but not edible.
Unlucky Vangueria. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
N. B. Vangueria verrucosa, Sieb. fl. maur. does not belong
to the present order, but is probably a species of Loganea or
Soldnum.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamelia, p. 542.
CXI. GUETTA'RDA (so named by Linnaeus in honour of
John Etienne Guettard, member of the academy of sciences at
Paris, who published, in 1747, a catalogue of the plants growing
in the vicinity of Estampes). Vent, choix. no. 1. A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 201. D. C. prod. 4. p. 455. — Guettarda
species and Matthiola, Lin. gen. — Guettarda species and Lau-
geria, Jacq. Juss. — Guettarda spec. Lam. Pers. — Halesia, P.
Browne, jam. but not of Lin. — Viviania, Rafin. spech. 1. p. 117.
but not of Cav. nor Colla, nor Raddi.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Enneandria, Monogynia. Calyx with ovate
or globose tube ; and a tubular permanent or deciduous limb,
which is either truncate or irregularly toothed (f. 101. a.). Co-
rolla salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube (f. 101. c.), and from
4- 9 oval-oblong lobes (f. 101. b.). Anthers 4-9, sessile in the
throat of the corolla, inclosed. Stigma capitate, rarely 2-lobed.
Drupe roundish or ovate, crowned by the tube of the calyx (f.
101. d.), containing a bluntly angled 4-9-celled putamen (f. 101.
e.), having the cells straight or curved, 1 -seeded. Seeds erect,
nearly terete. — Small trees or shrubs, natives of South America,
and a few of India. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, rarely cordate.
Stipulas lanceolate, deciduous, except in one species in which
they are sheathing and truncate. Peduncles axillary, bifid,
rarely twice bifid. Flowers sessile and unilateral along the
branches of the peduncles, and solitary in the forks.
Sect. I. Cada'mba (vernacular name of G. speciosa). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 455. — Cadamba, Sonner. trav. 2. p. 228. t. 128.
Limb of calyx soon falling off. Cells of drupe curved at top.
1 G. speciosa (Lin. spec. 1408.) leaves broad, ovate or ob-
ovate, usually subcordate at the base, obtuse and apiculated at
the apex, downy beneath ; stipulas ovate or lanceolate, acumi-
nated, deciduous ; cymes pedunculate, velvety, much shorter
than the leaves ; flowers of from 4 to 9 parts ; fruit depressed,
marked by an areola at the apex. . S. Native of the East
India islands ; coast of Coromandel and Malabar, &c. Lam. ill.
t. 154. f. 2. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 521. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1393.
Cadamba jasminiflora, Sonn. trav. 2. p. 128. Rava-Pou, Rheed.
1
mal. 4. p. 47. and 48. Leaves canescent from villi in the young
state, but the adult ones only along the nerves. Branches hori-
zontal, forming a large shady head. Peduncles twice bifid.
Flowers unisexual, large, white, exquisitely fragrant, partaking
much of the scent of cloves. Seeds much curved, with the con-
cave part of the curve outwards. Leaves sometimes downy on
both surfaces, (f. 101.)
1 ar. ft, glabrdta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 455.) young leaves downy
along the nerves and veins, but the adult ones are glabrous. Jj .
S. Native of Mexico, but probably only cultivated in gardens.
There are varieties of this with the leaves either subcordate or
subattenuated at the base.
Showy Guettarda. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771. Tree 30 ft.
Sect. II. Guettarda'ria (altered from the generic name).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 455. Limb of calyx usually permanent,
truncate or irregularly subdentate. Corolla silky on the out-
side, with the lobes flat. Drupe having the cells of the putamen
straight.
§ 1. Tube of corolla silky, villous or downy. Drupe containing
a 4-7 -celled putamen.
2 G. arge'ntea (Lam. diet. 3. p. 54. ill. t. 154. f. 1.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, on short petioles, glabrous and smooth above,
but clothed with silky velvety down beneath, with the transverse
nerves parallel ; stipulas villous on the outside, ovate, terminat-
ing in a subulate point ; cymes pedunculate, bifid, velvety ;
flowers hexamerous, with a villous tube, which is 10 times
longer than the ovarium, . S. Native of Cayenne. G.
speciosa, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 320. but not of Lin. Peduncles
about the length of the leaves. Leaves 5 inches long and 3
broad. Petioles 5 lines long. Corolla 15 lines long, white.
Ovarium 6-celled, 6-ovulate.
Silvery Guettarda. Tree 20 feet.
3 G. Havane'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 455.) leaves obovate,
acutish at the base, and mucronate at the apex, scabrous above,
and tomentose beneath ; stipulas acuminated, 3 times shorter
than the petioles ; peduncles hairy, about the length of the
leaves ; cymes trifid ; tube of corolla 4 times longer than the
ovarium, and the limb 5-6-cleft. 1?. S. Native of Cuba, about
the Havannah. Allied to G. ambigua. Flowers white ?
Havannah Guettarda. Tree.
4 G. Missionis (Wall. cat. no. 6221.) leaves oblong, acumi-
nated, paler beneath, glabrous in every part, except on the
mid-rib beneath ; cymes pedunculate, axillary, dichotomous ;
calyx 5-parted, permanent ; corolla villous on the outside ; fruit
roundish, crowned by the calyx. 1? . S. Native of the East
Indies. Stipulas ovate. Flowers white, not so large as those
of G. speciosa.
Mission Guettarda. Shrub or tree.
5 G. ambigua (D. C. prod. 4. p. 455.) leaves ovate or ob-
ovate, cordate at the base, and rather mucronate at the apex,
scabrous above, but clothed with downlike tomentum beneath ;
stipulas acuminated, one-half shorter than the petioles ; pedun-
cles hairy, about the length of the leaves ; cymes bifid ; fruit
globose, reticulated, crowned by the tubular calyx. • S. Na-
tive of Guadaloupe, and also of Jamaica, if, as is suspected, this
be the Halesia, P. Browne, jam. p. 205. t. 20. f. 1. Flowers
white ?
Ambiguous Guettarda. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
6 G. corda'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 420.)
leaves ovate-elliptic, deeply cordate, rounded at the apex, rather
pilose above, and clothed with white tomentum beneath ; stipulas
ovate, acute, length of petioles ; peduncles 3 or 4 times longer
than the petioles ; cymes 3-flowered ; flowers hexamerous, with
a downy tube, which is 4 times longer than the ovarium. fj • S.
RUBIACEjE. CXI. Guettarda.
551
Native of New Granada, near Ibague and Cuesta de Tolina, in
hot places. Said to be nearly allied to G. scabra.
Cordate- leaved Guettarda. Tree or shrub.
7 G. rugo'sa (Swartz, prod. p. 59. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 632.)
leaves ovate-subcordate, mucronate, scabrous above, and tomen-
tose beneath ; peduncles 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves,
compressed, villous ; cymes bifid ; flowers hexamerous, with a
villous tube, which is 3 times longer than the ovarium. T? . S.
Native of the Caribbee islands, as of Santa Cruz, Antigua, and
Dominica. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 50. Tube of corolla an inch and
a half long, silky. Very nearly allied to G. scabra, but differs
in the nervules of the leaves being less prominent and straight,
not reticulated. Drupe purplish, containing a 6-seeded putamen.
Wrinkled Guettarda. Clt. 1793. Tree.
8 G. sca'bra (Lam. ill. t. 154. f. 3.) leaves obovate, mucro-
nate, coriaceous, scabrous above, reticulated and pubescent be-
neath ; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated, caducous ; peduncles
compressed, villous, almost 4 times longer than the petioles ;
cymes bifid ; limb of corolla 6-7-parted ; stamens 6-7 ; tube of
corolla villous, 3 times longer than the ovarium, b • S. Native
of the West Indies, as of Porto-Rico. Vent, choix. t. 1.
Mathiola scabra, Lin. spec. 1661. Mathiola, Plum. ed. Burm.
t. 173. f. 2. Flowers white. Drupe containing an angular 4-7
celled putamen, and crowned by the somewhat crenate limb of
the calyx.
Scabrous Guettarda. Clt. 1818. Tree.
9 G. viburnoides (Cham, et Sehlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 182.)
leaves ovate, acute, on long petioles, smoothish above, but not
scabrous, and clothed with silky tomentum beneath, as well as
the branchlets and inflorescence ; stipulas elongated, triangular,
very soon falling off ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, twice
bifid, with the branches expanded ; limb of calyx very short,
somewhat truncate ; drupe globose, depressed. b . S. Native
of Brazil within the tropic. Leaves 4 inches long and 2-|
broad, on petioles about 15 lines long. Corolla densely clothed
with silky down, having the tube almost an inch long, and the
limb 4-6-parted.
Viburnum-like Guettarda. Shrub 10 feet.
10 G. peduncula'ris (Wall. cat. no. 6222.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -
flowered, girded by a ring just under the fruit, which is extended
into 2 opposite subulate points ; fruit oblong, crowned by the 4
permanent teeth of the calyx. b . S. Native of Sirinagur.
Peduncular-d owered Guettarda. Shrub or tree.
11 G. platy'poda (D. C. prod. 4. p. 456.) leaves oval, mu-
cronulate, acute at the base, on short petioles, glabrous and
smooth above, but hoary beneath ; stipulas triangular, acute ;
peduncles compressed, smoothish, length of the leaves, cymose
at the apex, and bearing 5-7 flowers ; limb of calyx short, tubu-
lar, a little toothed : fruit globose, depressed, h . S. Native of
Brazil, in the sand by the sea side at Bahia, where it was col-
lected by Salzman.
Broad-peduncled Guettarda. Shrub.
12 G. mollis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 456.) leaves elliptic, some-
what mucronate, downy above and villous beneath ; peduncles 5
times longer than the petioles ; cymes capitate, villous ; flowers
hexamerous, with a villous tube, which is 2 or 3 times longer
than the ovarium. b . S. Native of St. Domingo. G. ellip-
tica, ex Hispaniola, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 789.
Soft Guettarda. Tree or shrub.
13 G. xylosteoides (H. B. et Kuntb, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 420.)
leaves oblong, acute, rounded at the base, glabrous above, and
downy beneath, but hairy on the veins, as well as on the branch-
lets; stipulas lanceolate, length of the petioles; peduncles 6 times
longer than the petioles ; cymes 3-7-flowered ; flowers hexame-
rous, having the tube 8 times longer than the ovarium. b . S.
Native on the banks of the Orinoco, between Angustura and
Ferreras. Dicrobotryum divaricatum, Willd. in Schultes, syst.
5. p. 221. Flowers white. Fruit globose, downy, containing a
5-6-celled putamen.
Fly -Honeysuckle-like Guettarda. Tree 20 feet.
14 G. parviflora (Vahl, eel. amer. 2. p. 26.) leaves oblong,
polished, and glabrous on both surfaces, but having the middle
nerve rather downy ; stipulas small, subulate ; peduncles crowded
at the tops of the branches, rather shorter than the leaves, 3-
flowered, rarely bifid, each branch bearing 3 flowers ; flowers
small, either pentamerous or hexamerous ; ovarium striated ;
tube of calyx often obscurely bifid ; tube of corolla villous. b .
S. Native of Santa Cruz, Montserrat ; and of Mexico, at Aca-
pulco. Edechi, Loefl. trav. 259. and p. 271. ex Rohr. Ixora
pentandra, West. mss. Fruit globose, about the size of a pea,
not crowned.
Small-flowered Guettarda. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
15 G. odora'ta (Lam. ill. t.
154. f. 4.) leaves oval, acute at MG. 101.
both ends, glabrous above, but
rather villous on the nerve be-
neath, as well as on the petioles
and branchlets ; stipulas subu-
late, deciduous ; peduncles al-
most one-half shorter than the
leaves, villous, as well as the
cymes, which are bifid ; flowers
pentamerous ; tube of calyx un-
equal, 7 times longer than the
ovarium, b • S. Native about
Carthagena and Havannah,
among bushes by the sea side.
Laugeria odorata, Jacq. amer.
p. 64. t. 177. f. 21. pict. t. 259.
f. 16. Drupe containing a roundish 5-furrowed 5-celled puta-
men. Flowers of a dirty reddish colour, 9-10 lines long, villous
on the outside, very sweet-scented at night. Fruit black,
size of a pea. There is a spinescent variety of this species ac-
cording to Jacquin.
Sweet-scented-flowered Guettarda. Clt. 1818. Sh. 6 to 10 ft.
16 G. membrana'cea (Swartz, prod. p. 59. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
635.) leaves ovate, acuminated, membranaceous, rather hispid
on both surfaces ; down very minute, curved ; peduncles length
of the petioles, dichotomous ; flowers secund, tetramerous ; limb
of calyx rather bifid, truncate ; tube of corolla downy. b • S.
Native of Hispaniola, among bushes on the mountains. Corolla
white, half an inch long. Drupe oblong, 4-seeded.
Membranous Guettarda. Shrub.
17 G. elli'ptica (Swartz, prod. p. 59. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 634.)
leaves elliptic, obtuse, smoothish above, and downy beneath, as
well as on the branches ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ;
cymes bifid ; flowers tetramerous, with a silky tube, which is
3 times longer than the calyx. b • S. Native of Jamaica, in
dry fields. Drupe roundish, 4-seeded. Stigmas 2, blunt.
Flowers small. This species is easily distinguished from G.
mollis , with which it has been confused by Sprengel in bis syst.
Elliptic- leaved Guettarda. Tree 20 feet.
18 G. microphy lla (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 457.) leaves ovate-oblong and oblong, smoothish above,
and rather downy beneath ; peduncles 3 or 4 times shorter than
the leaves, 3-flowered ; calyx quadrifid, with acute segments ;
corolla silky on the outside, with rounded lobes, b • S. Native
of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Very like G. parviflora.
Small-leaved Guettarda. Shrub.
19 G. Urugue'nsis (Cham, et Sehlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 183,)
leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rather pilose above, and
552
RUBIACEiE. CXI. Guettarda.
canescent from tomentum beneath, as well as the petioles, branch-
lets, and inflorescence ; stipulas lanceolate, triangular, cadu-
cous ; peduncles twice bifid, shorter than the leaves ; limb of
calyx very short, somewhat truncate ; corolla silky ; drupe ob-
long, 3-4-seeded. b • S. Native of the south of Brazil, on the
banks of the Uruguay. Leaves 2 inches long, and an inch
broad, on petioles 1-2 lines long. Tube of corolla 2-3 lines
long ; lobes 5, roundish.
Uruguay Guettarda. Shrub 10 feet.
20 G. Finlaysonia'na (Wall, cat.no. 6223.) leaves obovate-
oblong, obtuse at the apex ; calyx truncate ; pedicels solitary,
axillary, 1 -flowered, much shorter than the leaves; corolla villous
outside. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies.
Finlayson’s Guettarda. Shrub.
21 G. Wallichia'na ; leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous;
pedicels 1 -flowered, rising in numbers from short axillary pe-
duncles ; calyx truncate; corolla glabrous, apparently purple,
■| inch long. fj . S. Native of the East Indies ; fruit round-
ish, not crowned. Perhaps belonging to the first section.
Wallich’s Guettarda. Shrub.
§ 2. Doubtful species , having 4- cleft silky corollas, and the
drupes containing a 2 -3-celled putamen . Perhaps sjiecies of
the genus Stenostomum.
22 G. ? protra'cta (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 457.) leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, rather
villous on both surfaces, silky on the nerves and veins beneath ;
peduncles cymose, bifid, having the branches recurved. Jj . S.
Native of Mexico. Perhaps a species of Stenostomum.
Var. a, brevipes (D. C. prod. 4. p. 457.) leaves ovate, with
9 very prominent nerves on each side of the mid-rib ; peduncles
twice the length of the petioles ; limb of calyx truncate, irregu-
larly sublobate ; corolla 4-cleft ? clothed with silky tomentum
outside. Tj . S. Native of Mexico.
Far. (3, longipes (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, with
7-8 rather prominent nerves on each side of the mid-rib; pe-
duncles 4 times longer than the petioles ; drupes ovate-oblong,
acute, 2, sometimes 3-celled. J? . S. Native of Mexico, at
Acapulco.
Protracted Guettarda. Shrub.
23 G. ? arma'ta (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 457.) armed with opposite spines ; leaves ovate, acuminated,
smoothish above, but clothed with hoary tomentum on the nerve
and veins beneath, as well as on the branchlets ; peduncles cy-
mosely bifid, 3 or 4 times longer than the petioles ; segments of
calyx 4, narrow-lanceolate, acute ; corolla silky, with acute
lobes ; drupe ovate-oblong, (ex Bartl.) 2-3-celled. \ . S. Na-
tive of Mexico. Very nearly allied to G. prolracta.
Armed Guettarda. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
24 G. ? tanicula'ta (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. 1. c.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous above, clothed with silky to-
mentum on the nerve and veins beneath, as well as on the
branchlets; cymes dichotomous, many-flowered, on long pedun-
cles, axillary, but the ultimate ones are disposed in a panicle ;
corolla clothed with silky tomentum outside, with ovate-oblong
lobes. . S. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Corolla 6
lines long. Teeth of calyx acute, smoothish. Fruit unknown.
Panicled-fl owered Guettarda. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
Sect. III. ULO'LOBUS (from ov\oc, oulos, curled, and Xo-
(3og, lobos, a lobe ; in reference to the curled lobes of corolla).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 457. — Laugeria, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 22.
but not of Jacq. Limb of calyx short, 5-parted almost to the
base, permanent. Corolla silky on the outside, with 5 lobes,
which are curled on the margins.
25 G. crispiflora (Vahl, eclog. 1. p. 36. t. 6.) leaves broad-
ovate, acuminated, obtuse at the base, having the lower lateral
nerves approximate. T? • S. Native of the Island of Mont-
serrat, towards the tops of the mountains, ex Vahl; and of St.
Vincent, on the edges of mountains, in inundated places, ex
Forsyth ; and about Santa Fe de Bogota, ex Mutis, in H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 420. G. crispiflora var. a, Pers.
Rcem. et Schultes. Stipulas large, undulated, foliaceous, ovate,
acuminated. Guettarda membranacea, Sieb. pi. exsic. mart. no.
57. from Martinico, is the same, or a very nearly allied species.
Curled-flowered Guettarda. Tree or shrub.
26 G. hirsu'ta (Pers. ench. 1. p. 200.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, acute at the base ; stipulas longer than the petioles ;
drupes ovate. T? • S. Native of Peru, and in the hot parts of
New Granada. Laugeria hirsuta, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 22.
t. 145. f. a. Guettarda hirsuta, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 420. Peduncles equal to the petioles, even to the
bifurcation, having the branches subrevolute and many flowered.
Hairy Guettarda. .Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
27 G. depe'ndens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 458.) leaves oval-ob-
long, acuminated, acute at the base ; stipulas shorter than the
petioles ; drupes oblong, 3-4-celled. • S. Native of Peru,
in groves about Muna. Laugeria dependens, Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 2. p. 23. t. 145. f. b. Branches of cyme spreading, usually
dependent. G. crispiflora var. (3, Pers. and Rcem. et Schultes,
but is more nearly allied to hirsuta than to G. crispiflora.
Dependent- cymed Guettarda. Tree 20 feet.
Sect. IV. Lauge'ria (named after Albert Laugier, professor
of botany and chemistry at Vienna). D. C. prod. 4. p. 458. —
Laugeria, Jacq. Juss. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Limb of calyx
truncate or toothed. Corolla glabrous, 4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5.
28 G. coria'cea (Pers. ench. 1. p. 200.) quite glabrous;
leaves elliptic-ovate, rather coriaceous, bluntish, almost nerve-
less, rather paler beneath ; stipulas acuminated, deciduous ; pe-
duncles about equal in length to the leaves, compressed, bifid or
twice bifid ; flowers tetramerous, glabrous, unilateral, and dis-
tant along the branches of the peduncle ; tube of calyx bluntly
4- toothed. .S. Native of the Island of Montserrat, ex Vahl;
and Guadaloupe, at Pointe-a-Pitre. Laugeria coriacea, Vahl,
eclog. 1. p. 26. Laugeria tubulosa, Fors. in herb. L’Her.
Drupe oblong, ex Vahl, containing a 4-celled putamen. Co-
rolla 6-7 lines long. Perhaps Viviania Domingensis, Rafin.
speech. 1. p. 117.
Coriaceous- leaved Guettarda. Tree or shrub.
29 G. resinosa (Pers. ench. 2. p. 200.) leaves lanceolate,
attenuated at both ends, glabrous, glaucous beneath ; stipulas
combined into a somewhat truncate ciliated sheath ; branchlets
and cymes clothed with clammy resin ; peduncles a little shorter
than the leaves ; cymes bifid, crowded with flowers ; flowers
pentamerous, glabrous ; limb of calyx short, truncate, or hardly
5- toothed. J? . S. Native of Montserrat, on the mountains, ex
Vahl; of Guadaloupe, where it was collected by Perrottet ; of
Porto Rico, Riedley ; of Trinidad, ex Sieber, fl. trin. no.
112; and of Mexico, ex herb. Puerari. Laugeria resinosa,
Vahl, eel. 1. p. 27. t. 10. f. 6. with a figure. Terebraria, Sesse,
fl. mex. icon. ined. Drupe oblong, containing a 4-celled, 4-
seeded putamen, ex Vahl, but in the specimen examined the
drupe contains a 4-5-celled 4-5-seeded putamen ; there are
therefore 2 species confused under this name.
Resinous Guettarda. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
30 G. ? Brunonis (Wall. cat. no. 6220.) leaves elliptic, acu-
minated, coriaceous, quite glabrous ; peduncles axillary, solitary,
or twin ; cymes dichotomous ; stipulas ovate, acuminated. Jj . S.
Native of the East Indies, in Sirinagur. Flowers small. Calyx
a little twisted.
Brown's Guettarda. Shrub.
RUBIACEjE. CXI. Guettarda. CXII. Malanea. CXIII. Antirhcea. CXIV. Stenostomum.
■f Species not sufficiently known.
31 G. Fontane'sii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 458.) stem arborescent;
leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, and are, as well as the divari-
cate branches, villous; stipulas ovate, acute, deciduous. fj . S.
Native country unknown. G. hirsuta, Desf. cat. hort. par.
ed. 3. p. 404. but not of Pers. Habit of G. argentea.
Desfontaines’s Guettarda. Shrub.
32 G. ? umbella'ta (Spreng. neu entd. 3. p. 48.) leaves ob-
long, quite glabrous on both surfaces ; branches tubercular, com-
pressed, dilated at the top ; peduncles axillary, aggregate ;
flowers pentamerous, glabrous. . S. Native of Brazil. The
calyx is said to be 5-toothed, and the drupe 6-celled. This
plant ought probably to be excluded from the order.
Umbellate-AowereA Guettarda. Shrub or tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamillbnia, p. 555.
The species bear very fine leaves and flowers, and are therefore
worth cultivating.
CXII. MALA'NEA (Aublet does not mention the meaning
of this word). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 106. t. 41. Juss. mem. mus. 6.
p. 376. D. C. prod. 4. p. 459. — Malanea species, Lam. A. Rich.
— Cunningh&mia species, Schreb. Willd. — Chomelia species,
Spreng. Scop.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a very short
tube, and a 4-toothed limb. Corolla small, almost rotate, with
a very short tube, and a 4-lobed spreading limb. Stamens 4,
with exserted filaments, which are about equal in length to the
limb of the corolla, and roundish anthers. Drupe dry, thin,
ovate, crowned by the calyx, containing a 2-celled nut ; cells
1 -seeded. — A sarmentose shrub, native of Guiana, climbing
among bushes. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, acute. Sti-
pulas oval, obtuse, deciduous, interpetiolar. Peduncles axillary,
3 times shorter than the leaves, racemosely panicled : having the
branches opposite, the lower ones the longest. Flowers small,
sessile along the branches, bluish.
1 M. sarmentosa (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 106. t. 41.?) Tj . S.
Native of French Guiana, upon trees on the banks of rivers.
Lam. ill. t. 66. f. 2. Cunninghamia sarmentosa, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 615. Stipulas acute, ex Aubl., and the leaves tomentose be-
neath ; but in the specimens examined the stipulas are obtuse,
and the leaves are rather villous beneath, and at length glabrous.
Perhaps there are two distinct species, Aublet’s and Patris’s.
Sarmentose Malanea. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Pcederia, p. 561. for culture and propagation.
CXIII. ANTIRHCE'A (from avn, anti, against, and pew,
reo, to flow ; the plant is used to stop haemorrhage in Bourbon).
Comm. mss. Juss. gen. p. 204. mem. mus. 6. p. 377. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 459. — Malanea species, Lam. A. Rich. — Cunning-
hamia species, Schreb. — Guettarda species, Sieb.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia.. Calyx with an ovate or
oblong tube, and a short campanulate 4-toothed limb. Corolla
tubular, 4-cleft, with acutish lobes, which are shorter than the
tube. Anthers oblong, almost sessile in the throat, not exserted.
Stigma bifid. Drupe somewhat baccate, ovate or oblong,
crowned, containing a 2-celled putamen : cells 1 -seeded. Seeds
terete. — Small trees, natives of the Mauritius. Leaves petiolate,
opposite, or 3 in a whorl, oblong or obovate, glabrous, usually
beset with glandular hairs in the axils of the veins. Stipu-
las interpetiolar, acute, deciduous. Peduncles axillary, shorter
than the leaves, bifid. Flowers small, whitish, sometimes
dioecious from abortion, unilateral, and sessile along the
branches of the peduncles. This genus has the inflorescence of
Stenostomum, but differs in the parts of the flowers being quater-
nary, not quinary. The flowers are nearly like those of Mala-
vol. hi.
553
nea, but the inflorescence is different ; the tube of the corolla
is longer, and the anthers almost sessile.
1 A. verticillata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 459.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, obovate-oblong, cuneated at the base, acuminated at the
apex, glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers hermaphrodite ; drupes
oblong. T? . S. Native of the island of Bourbon, and probably
of the Mauritius, where it is called bois de Losteau. A. Los-
taeana, Comm, in herb. Juss. Malanea verticillata, Lam. ill. t.
66. f. 1. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 688. Antirhoe'a Borbonica,
Gmel. syst. 1. p. 244. Cunninghamia verticillata, Willd. spec.
1. p. 615. Drupe the size of a grain of wheat. Flowers small,
white.
WhorledAeaveA Antirhoea. Tree 20 feet?
2 A. dioi'ca (Bory, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 459.) leaves
opposite, and 3 in a whorl, obovate, cuneated at the base, short-
acuminated, smoothish, beset with glandular pili in the axils of
the veins ; flowers dioecious from abortion ; drupes oblong. .
S. Native of the Mauritius. Pet. Th. mel. obs. p. 56. Ma-
lanea neuropora, Comm, in herb. Thouin. Flowers small,
whitish.
Var. (3. barbinervis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 466.) nerves of young
leaves bearded, and very hairy in the axils. 1? . S. Native of the
Mauritius. Guettarda barbinervis, Sieb. fl. maur. 1. no. 61.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 190.
Var. y, acuminata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves almost smooth, long-
acuminated. Tj • S. Native of the Mauritius. Guettarda acu-
minata. Sieb. fl. maur. 1. no. 60.
Dioecious Antirhoea. Tree 20 feet?
3 A. frangula'cea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 460.) leaves opposite,
ovate, acutish at the base, and rather acuminated at the apex,
smoothish, with the axils of the veins glandless ; flowers herma-
phrodite ; drupes ovate, • S. Native of the Mauritius. Guet-
tarda frangulacea, Sieb. fl. maur. exsic. 2. no. 59. Drupe one-
half shorter than in the first species, sometimes 3-celled and 3-
seeded, which shows its affinity with Guettarda. Flowers small,
whitish.
Frangula-lilce Antirhoea. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXIV. STENO'STOMUM (from arevoQ, stenos, narrow, and
aropa, stoma, a mouth ; in reference to the narrow mouth of the
corolla). Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 69. t. 192. under Sturmia. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 460. — Stenostemum, Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 377. —
Malanea species, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 202. —
Laugeria species, Swartz.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a small 5-toothed limb ; teeth permanent, connL
vent, rather unequal. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube a
little wider at the throat, and a 5-lobed limb : lobes lanceolate,
bluntish. Anthers 5, oblong, hardly exserted. Stigma 2-lobed.
Drupe ovate-oblong, crowned, containing a 2-celled putamen.
Seeds terete, solitary in the cells, inverted. Embryo central, in
the fleshy albumen. — West Indian trees. Leaves opposite, oval
or oblong, on short petioles. Stipulas at length deciduous. Pe-
duncles axillary, divided into a bifid cyme. Flowers small,
white, sessile and unilateral along the branches of the cyme, and
one in each fork. — Inflorescence of Antirhce a, but differs from
that genus in the parts of the flowers being quinary ; and from
Guettarda in the putamen of the fruit being 2-celled, not many
celled.
§1. Corollas glabrous.
1 S. lu'cidum (Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 69.) leaves oblong, ob-
tuse, shining above, glabrous on both surfaces ; teeth of calyx
short, obtuse. J? , S. Native of the West Indies, as in Jamaica,
Santa Cruz, St. Lucia, Porto-Rico, Trinidad, &c. Sturmia lu-
4 B
554
RUBIACEjE. CXIV. Stenostomum. CXV. Chione. CXVI. Timonius. CXVII. Hamiltonia.
cida, Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 192. Guettarda lucida, Pers. ench.
1. p. 201. Laugeria lucida, Swartz, fl. ind. 1. p. 475. Vahl,
symb. 3. p. 40. t. 57. Flowers small, white.
Lucid- leaved Stenostomum. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 feet.
2 S. ? acuta'tum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 460.) leaves oblong,
acute at the base, and acuminated at the apex, glabrous on both
surfaces, reticulately veined above ; lobes of calyx linear-subu-
late, very acute, almost equal in length to the tube. . S.
Native of Guadaloupe. Stipulas triangular, acuminated, deci-
duous. Peduncles bifid, each of the branches bearing 4-5
flowers. Perhaps this species is nearly allied to Guettarda resi-
nosa, but the number of the cells of the ovarium is not rightly
known. Flowers small, white.
Acute- calyxed Stenostomum. Shrub.
§ 2. Corollas clothed with sil/cy tomentum.
3 S. tomentosum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 460.) leaves ovate, acute,
tomentose beneath ; drupes oblong, acuminated, glabrous. Jj .
S. Native of Jamaica, on the west side among bushes. Lau-
geria tomentosa, Swartz, fl. ind. 1. p. 477. Guettarda tomen-
tosa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 201. Flowers small, white. The speci-
mens collected by Bertero in Jamaica differ from the descrip-
tion of Swartz, in the limb of the calyx being truncate and en-
tire, not 5-toothed, and therefore there are probably two nearly
allied species, natives of Jamaica.
Tomentose Stenostomum. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet,
t Species not sufficiently known.
4 S. ? bifurca'tum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 460.) leaves ovate,
acute at both ends, glabrous, beset with glandular pili in the axils
of the veins beneath ; peduncles bifurcate. Tj . S. Native of the
West India islands. Malanea bifurcata, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3.
p. 688. The inflorescence is the same as that of the other
species, but the number of the parts of the flower is not de-
scribed.
.ZhyMrcnte-peduncled Stenostomum. Tree.
5 S. ? ni'tidum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 461.) leaves ovate, shining,
quite glabrous, except in the axils of the veins beneath, which
are beset with glandular hairs ; peduncles dichotomous. • S.
Native of the West India islands. Malanea nitida, Desr. in
Lam. diet. 3. p. 688. The number of the parts of the flowers
being undescribed, the genus to which it belongs is rather
doubtful.
Shining Stenostomum. Tree.
6 S.? dicho'tomum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 461.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, obtuse, rather coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces ;
peduncles dichotomous : flowers tetrandrous. I? . S. Native of
Mexico. Laugeria dichotoma, Moc. et Sesse, icon. ined. Corolla
of a dirty cream colour, with blunt lobes. Perhaps a genuine
species of Stenostomum, or a species of Antirhce a.
Dichotomous-pedunded Stenostomum. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXV. CHIO'NE (a mythological name, the daughter of Deu-
calion, or from ^tovroc, chioneos, snowy, white as snow ; in refer-
ence to the cymes of white flowers). D. C. prod. 4. p. 461. —
Crusea, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 204. t. 19. f. 1.
but not of Schiede and Deppe, nor Bartl. nor D. C.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a marginal repandly 5-toothed limb. Corolla tubular,
short, with a 5-lobed limb ; lobes flattish, obtuse. Stamens in-
serted above the tube. Style simple ; stigma 2-lobed : lobes
short, obtuse. Fruit olive-formed, rather fleshy, much fur-
rowed when dried, crowned by the limb of the calyx, containing
a 2-celled putamen. Seeds solitary, almost terete. — A glabrous
tree. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, joined together by an entire
stipular sheath. Flowers white, cymose ; cymes terminal, pe-
dunculate. Allied to Malanea.
1 C. gla'bra (Rich. 1. c. under Crusea ,) Tj . S. Native of
Tortoise island. Psychotria megalosperma, Vahl, eclog. amer.
3. p. 3. t. 21. ex herb. Juss. but neither the description nor the
figure agree well with it, and it is therefore Jacqumia venosa,
Swartz, prod. p. 47. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 491.
Glabrous Chione. Clt. 1824. Tree 40 feet?
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXVI. TIMO'NIUS (Timon or Aytimon is the name of the
first species in Amboyna). Rumph. amb. 3. p. 216. t. 140.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 461. — Bobea, Gaud. voy. uran. t. 93. —
Bobae'a, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 215. — Bur-
neya, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 188. — Erithalis, Forst.
but not of Lin.
Lin. syst. Tetrcindria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a tubular truncate 2-6-toothed limb. Corolla tubular,
salver-shaped, with a 4-6-parted spreading limb, a naked
throat, and oval obtuse lobes. Stamens 4, almost sessile, in-
serted in the upper part of the tube of the corolla. Anthers
oblong-heart-shaped, sessile in the throat. Stigmas 2, exserted,
digitately 5-cleft, with the lobes linear. Drupe globose, smooth,
crowned by the limb of the calyx, containing from 7-25 bony
distinct 1 -seeded indehiscent pyrenae. Seeds inverted, linear.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo terete. — Glabrous trees. Leaves op-
posite. Stipulas interpetiolar, acute, entire. Peduncles axil-
lary, shorter than the leaves, bearing each 3 flow’ers at the apex,
the middle flower sessile, and the lateral ones pedicellate, each
girded by a cup-shaped 2-lobed permanent bracteaat the base. —
Allied to Guettarda, but differs in the pyrenae being distinct, not
combined.
1 T. Ru'mphii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 461.) leaves lanceolate;
peduncles bearing 3 flowers, but only 1 fruit ; fruit smooth,
ovate-globose. 1? . S. Native of the Island of Amboyna, in
open places and on hills. Timonius, Rumph. amb. 3. p. 216.
1. 1 40. Erithalis Timon, Spreng. pug. 1. p. 18. Pyrostria hexas-
perma, Roxb. E. polygama ji, Willd. spec. 1. p. 997.
Rumphius’s Timonius. Tree.
2 T. Forste'ri (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 189.
under Burneya) leaves opposite; flowers axillary: male ones
disposed in cymes : hermaphrodite ones solitary ; berries round-
ish. Tj . S. Native of the Society Islands ; and in Roman-
zofFs Island. Erithalis polygama, var. a. Forst. prod. 1. p.
101. Erith. cymosa, Spreng. pug. 1. p. 17. Erith. polygama
a. Willd. spec. 1. p. 997. Fruit containing usually 25 pyrenae.
The flowers are described by Chamisso and Schlecht. as quater-
nary and quinary, but they are also sometimes senary.
Forster's Timonius. Tree.
3 T. Gaudicha'udii (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 190.
under Burneya ) leaves elliptic, bluntish, acute at the base ;
cymes on long peduncles : fertile ones 3-flow’ered : but the
sterile ones are twice bifid and 7-flowered. J? • S. Native of the
Island of O-Wahu, and of a number of the Sandwich Islands.
Bobea elatior, Gaud, in Freyc. voy. p. 473. t. 93. Fruit con-
taining usually 12 bony pyrenae.
Gaudichaud’s Timonius. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXVII. HAMILTO NIA (so named after William Hamilton
of Woodlands, near Philadelphia, in North America, an eminent
botanist, and the first who was at the expence of erecting a
conservatory in that country for the preservation of plants of
hot climates). Roxb. hort. beng. (1814.) p. 15. fl. ind. 2. p.
223. but not of Muhl. nor Willd. — Spermadictyon, Roxb. cor.
3. (1819.) p. 32.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, a 5-parted limb, and subulate permanent segments.
1
RUBIACEiE. CXVII. Hamiltonia. CXVIII. Leptodermis. CXIX. Psathura.
555
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a long straight tube (f. 102. b.),
and 5 oblong lobes (f. 102. c.). Stamens 5, inserted in the
throat of the corolla, inclosed. Stigma 5-cleft. Capsule crowned
by the calyx, dehiscing at the apex, 1-celled, containing 5 tri-
quetrous 1 -seeded pyrenae. Seeds inserted by the base, erect,
covered by a dry reticulated membrane or epidermis. Albumen
very sparing. Embryo erect, with an oblong radicle, and cor-
date foliaceous cotyledons. — East Indian shrubs. Leaves lan-
ceolate, on short petioles. Stipulas short, acute, broad and
adpressed at the base. Flowers disposed in fascicles or umbels,
sweet-scented. — This genus has been joined with Ancylanthus
by Jussieu, but is sufficiently distinct from that genus.
1 H. suave'olens (Roxb.
hort. beng. p. 15. fl. ind. 2. p.
223.) glabrous ; leaves broad-
lanceolate ; heads of flowers
densely umbellate, pedunculate,
terminal ; calyx beset with glan-
dular hairs. ^ . S. Native of
the East Indies, on the Rajmu-
hal hills. Spermadictyon suaveo-
lens, Roxb. cor. 3. p. 32. t. 236.
R. Br. in bot. reg. t. 348. La-
sianthus tubiflorus, Blum, bijdr.
p. 990. Leaves 3-6 inches
long. Stipulas broad, ensiform.
Flowers sessile, in terminal co-
rymb-formed heads, on short
trichotomous branchlets, numer-
ous, pure white, delightfully fragrant.
Sweet-scented. Hamiltonia. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1818. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
2 H. sca'bra (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 137.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate, short-acuminated, scabrous on both surfaces, rounded
at the base ; calycine segments linear, villous, F? . S. Native
of Nipaul, at Narainhetty, and between Hetounra and Bhem-
pedi, chiefly between Bhinsadoban, and the last-mentioned vil-
lage, forming the most extensive thickets. Dr. Wallich has also
met with it about the village near Cheesnagurree, and on several
mountains in the valley. Hamiltonia Dulina and Nonatelia
filamentosa, Hamilt. mss. Hamilt. azdreum, Wall, in Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 225. Spermadictyon aziireum, Lindl. bot. reg. 1235.
Flowers azure blue, perfuming the air by their delicious fra-
grance from November until March, during which time they are
very beautiful. Inflorescence ample, densely villous, especially
the corollas. The tender parts of the plant emit a fetid smell,
like those of Pccderia and Serissa.
Scabrous Hamiltonia. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1823.? Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
3 H. pilosa (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 226.) shrub stiff, very
pilose ; leaves lanceolate ; fascicles of flowers axillary, intern-
mixed with hairy bracteas. Fj . S. Native of the Moluccas.
Pilose Hamiltonia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. The species are desirable for every collection of stove
plants, being free flowerers, very fragrant, and of easy culture.
They succeed best in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings
strike root readily in sand, with a hand-glass over them, in a
moist heat.
CXVIII. LEPTODE'RMIS (from \ewtoq, leptos , slender,
and bcpga, derma, the skin ; the branches are covered with
separating fibrous bark). Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 191.
A. Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 221. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 462. — Hamiltonia species, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 137.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Involucrum calyciform,
of 2 leaves, closely girding the ovarium. Tube of calyx in-
closed within the involucrum ; limb of calyx short, permanent,
5-lobed ; lobes roundish, adpressed. Corolla funnel-shaped,
scabrous from minute papillae, with a terete tube, which is hairy
inside, and 5 ovate cuspidate lobes which are involutely valvate
in aestivation. Stamens 5, with very short filaments and in-
closed anthers. Ovarium 5-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Style fili-
form ; stigma quadrifid. Fruit oblong, 5-celled? 5-valved ?
5-seeded. — Shrubs, with decussate, tetragonal branches. Leaves
lanceolate or oblong, on short petioles, membranous. Stipulas
length of petioles, adpressed, permanent, acute. Flowers
sessile, scentless, white. — Perhaps sufficiently distinct from Ha-
miltbnia.
1 L. lanceolata (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 191.) leaves
lanceolate, attenuated, acute, membranous, villous ; flowers ses-
sile by threes at the ends of the branches ; stipulas triangular,
villous ; branches quadrangular, downy while young. J? . G.
Native of Nipaul, on the mountains, though it is among the less
common plants. Hamiltonia fruticosa, D. Don, prod. fl. nep.
p. 137. Flowers white, scentless. According to the descrip-
tion in fl. nep. the flowers are said to be hexamerous and hex-
androus.
Lanceolate- leaved Leptodermis. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 L. oblo'nga (Bunge, in mem. acad. sc. Petersb. 2. p. 108.)
leaves oblong, glabrous ; flowers terminal, aggregate. F? . G.
Native of China, on the mountains.
Oblong- leaved Leptodermis. Shrub.
Cult. See Hamiltonia above for culture and propagation.
CXIX. PSATHU'RA (from \padvpo q, psathuros, fragile or
brittle ; the branches are brittle). Comm, in Juss. gen. p. 206.
mem. mus. 6. p. 396. Lam. ill. t. 260. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3.
p. 82. t. 194. f. 4. A. Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 214.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 462. — Chicoinae'a, Comm. — Psatura, Poir.
diet. 6. p. 587. — Psathyra, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 127. but not of
Fries.
Lin. syst. Penta-Hex&ndria , Monogynia. Calyx with an
ovate tube, and a campanulate 5-6-toothed permanent limb.
Corolla bearded inside, with a short tube, and a 5-6-lobed
spreading limb ; lobes acute, rather longer than the tube, valvate
in aestivation. Anthers 5-6, almost sessile at the throat. Stigmas
5-6-lamellate. Berry globose, furrowed, crowned by the limb
of the calyx, containing 4-6 1-seeded pyrenae. Seeds erect.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect. — Small glabrous trees, with
knotted fragile branches. Leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends,
petiolate, smooth. Stipulas ovate, caducous, with an elevated
zone, which is joined to the petioles. Peduncles rising from
the axils of the upper leaves, loosely panicled, shorter than the
leaves.
1 P. Borbonica (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 577.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate ; peduncles 7-8 -flowered. T? . S. Native of the Island
of Bourbon, on the mountains, where it is called Bois cassant.
P. corymbosa, Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 82. P. Borbonica, Roxb.
fl. ind. 2. p. 158. Flowers minute, pentandrous, disposed in
axillary and terminal trichotomous corymbs. Stigma 2-lobed.
Drupe containing 5 pyrenae.
Bourbon Psathura. Tree small.
2 P. myrtifolia (A. Rich, diss. 1. c.) leaves oblong, bluntish;
peduncles usually 3-flowered, lateral flowers sterile and decidu-
ous ; limb of calyx 5-parted ; lobes lanceolate. Fj . S. Native of
the Mauritius. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the pre-
ceding.
Myrtle-leaved Psathura. Tree small.
3 P. terniflora (A. Rich, diss. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-lanceo-
late, acute ; peduncles at the tops of the branchlets, usually by
threes, 1-flowered; limb of calyx wide, obsoletely 5-7-toothed.
F2 . S. Native of the Mauritius.
'Three-Jlorvered Psathura. Tree small.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamillonia above.
4 b 2
FIG. 102.
556
RUBIACE.ZE. CXX. Myonima. CXXI. Pyrostria. CXXII. Octavia.
CXX. M YON I'M A (/avg gvo e, mys myos, a rat, and ovri/u,
onemi, to succour ; rats are very fond of the fruit, and eat it with
great avidity). Comm, in Juss. gen. p. 206. mem. mus. 6. p.
397. Lam. ill. t. 68. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 86. t. 195. A.
Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 211. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 463.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with a globose
tube, and a small bluntly 8-toothed limb. Corolla with a short
tube, and a bluntly 5-parted limb. Stamens 4; filaments very
short ; anthers oblong, exserted. Stigmas 4, linear, short,
thickish, approximate, almost concrete. Berry globose, not
crowmed, containing 4 1 -seeded pyrenae, which adhere to the
flesh of the fruit. Seeds umbilicate, fixed by the middle. Al-
bumen fleshy. Embryo dorsal, erect, with an inferior, nearly
terete radicle, and cordate blunt cotyledons. — Small glabrous
trees or shrubs, natives of the Mauritius. Leaves coriaceous.
Stipulas small, very acute, deciduous. Pedicels axillary and
terminal, shorter than the leaves. Perhaps not distinct from
Polyozus.
§1. Fruit containing 4 pyrence. Myonimce v'erce.
1 M. obova'ta (Lam. ill. no. 1482. t. 68. f. 1. diet. 4. p.
397.) leaves obovate, obtuse, on short petioles ; peduncles 1-3-
flowered ; berries bluntly tetragonal. b • S. Native of the
Island of Bourbon, where it is called Bois de rat, from the fruit
being grateful to mice and rats. M. Borbonica, Raeuch. nom.
Berries red, size of grapes.
Obovate- leaved Myonima. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
2 M. myrtifolia (Lam. ill. no. 1483. t. 58. f. 2. diet. 4.
p.398.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, on short petioles ; pe-
duncles 1-3-flowered ; berries spherical. . S. Native of the
Island of Bourbon. M. lanceolata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 614.
Rubiacea, no. 103. Sieb. fl. maur. fasc. 2.
Myrtle-leaved Myonima. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
3 M. multiflora (A. Rich, diss. p. 132.) leaves nearly ses-
sile, rather cordate at the base, ovate-oblong, acute, shining
above, reticulately nerved, veiny beneath ; corymbs terminal,
b . S. Native of the Mauritius. Ixora parviflora, Lam. ill.
no. 1473. t. 66. f. 2. exclusive of the syn. of Rheed. Ixora
micrantha, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 179. Faramea corym-
bosa, Sieb. fl. maur. 2. no. 62. but not of Aubl.
Var. ft, oblongifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 463.) leaves oblong,
obtuse ; corymbs more crowded.
Var. y, ovdta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate. b . S. Ixora par-
viflora, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 207. Eugenia violhcea, Lam. diet. 3.
p. 200. Myrtus androsaemoides, Poir. diet. 4. p. 409. Fa-
ramea, Sieb. fl. maur. 2. no. 63. Perhaps a proper species.
Many -flowered Myonima. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
§ 2. Fruit containing 2 pyrence. Myonimce dubice. Perhaps
a proper genus.
4 M. ? umbella'ta (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 463.) leaves obovate or obovate-oblong, coriaceous ; pe-
duncles axillary, many-flowered at the apex ; pedicels 7-8, um-
bellate ; berries roundish ; calycine teeth very short, acutish.
b . S. Native of the Island of Luzon, one of the Philippines.
Segments of corolla valvate in aestivation. Genitals not ex-
serted. Seeds narrow, cylindrical, as in Guettdrda, ex Bartl.
Perhaps a section of Myonima, as Laugeria is of Gueltarda.
Umbellate-fiowered Myonima. Tree small or shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXXI. PYRO'STRIA (from pyrus and striatus ; in allusion
to the fruit being shaped like a pear, and striated). Comm, in
Juss. gen. 206. mem. mus. 6. p. 397. Lam. ill. t. 65. A.
Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 216. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 464.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
obovate tube, and a small 4- 5-toothed limb. Corolla sub-
campanulate, spreading, 4-5-cleft, with lanceolate acute lobes,
and a tomentose throat. Stamens 4-5, hardly exserted. Stigma
capitate, bifid : having the lobes approximate (ex Rich.). Fruit
pear-shaped, 6-8-striped, but not crowned, containing 4-5 1-
seeded, bony, combined pyrenae. Embryo inverted. Albumen
fleshy. — Small glabrous trees, natives of the Mauritius. Leaves
on short petioles. Stipulas lanceolate, acuminated, rather longer
than the petioles. Peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered. The num-
ber of the cells of the fruit is variable.
1 P. oleoides (Lam. ill. no. 1484. t. 65. f. 3.) leaves oblong,
obtuse; stipulas glabrous ; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; drupes 8-
seeded. b . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, where it is
called Bois Mussard. P. Commersoni, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 247.
P. salicifolia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 614.
Olive-like Pyrostria. Tree 20 feet.
2 P. fiexaspe'rma (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 403.) leaves oblong,
acute ; stipulas pilose ; corymbs axillary, dichotomous, with
recurved branches ; drupes 6-seeded. b • S. Native of the
East Indies in the Island of Hominoa.
Six-seeded Pyrostria. Tree.
3 P. orbicula'ris (A. Rich, 1. c.) leaves oval-orbicular, ses-
sile at the base and rather cordate, obtuse at the apex ; stipulas
glabrous ; peduncles 1 -flowered, furnished each writh an involucel
composed of 2 keeled leaves, which girds the flower, b • S.
Native of the Island of Bourbon.
Orbicular- leaved Pyrostria. Shrub.
4 P. cordifo'lia (A. Rich, 1. c.) leaves oval, acute, rather
cordate at the base, on very short petioles ; stipulas combined,
sheath-formed, obtuse, and permanent ; flowers pedicellate,
solitary, girded by scales, which are combined into the form of
an involucel ; lobes of corolla oval, acute. b • S. Native of
the Mauritius.
Heart-leaved Pyrostria. Tree small.
5 P. polymorpha (A. Rich, 1. c.) leaves sometimes linear-
lanceolate, sessile, variegated : sometimes orbicular and obtuse,
petiolate : sometimes oblong-cordate, acute : stipulas acute,
hardly combined at the base, caducous ; flowers solitary, girded
each by a 3-4-toothed tomentose involucel ; lobes of corolla lan-
ceolate. b • S. Native of the Mauritius.
Variable Pyrostria. Tree small.
6 P. macrophy'lla (A. Rich, 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, some-
what cordate, on short petioles, scrobiculate in the axils of the
veins beneath ; stipulas glabrous ; flowers sessile, solitary, axil-
lary, girded each by a 2-leaved involucel. b • S. Native of the
Mauritius. Fruit egg-shaped, ribbed, crowned by the calyx.
Long-leaved Pyrostria. Tree small.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXXII. OCTA'VIA (from Octavus, the eighth ; in reference
to the drupe containing 8 pyrenae). D. C. prod. 4. p. 464.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia ? Calyx with a globose
tube, and a truncate hardly conspicuous limb. Corolla, stamens,
and style unknown. Ovarium crowned by a fleshy shining perma-
nent disk, which is perforated in the middle. Drupe fleshy, glo-
bose, smooth, not crowned by the calyx, containing 8 1 -seeded
pyrenae, which are disposed in a whorl. Albumen fleshy. Em-
bryo unknown. — A glabrous shrub, native of Guiana. Leaves
petiolate, oval, long-acuminated, membranous, shining above.
Bracteas ovate-oblong, acuminated, erect, much shorter than the
petioles, falling off very slowly. Flow'ers sessile, solitary, bract-
less, in the axils of the superior leaves, or on the tops of the
branchlets. — This genus is not sufficiently known from the want
RUBIACEiE. CXXIII. Litosanthes. CXXIV. Erithalis. CXXV. Retiniphyllum. CXXVI. Nonatelia. 557
of the flowers ; but it appears to come nearest to Pyrostria, but
differs from that genus in the truncate calyx and inflorescence.
1 O. sessiliflora (D. C. 1. c.) Jj . S. Native of French
Guiana, where it was collected by Patris.
Sessile-Jlowered Octavia. Shrub.
Cult. See Hamiltdnia, p. 555. for culture and propagation.
CXXIII. LITOSA'NTHES (from Xtroe, litos, small, and
avOog, anthos, a flower ; the flowers are small). Blum, in flora,
1825, p. 189. bijdr. p. 994. D. C. prod. 4. p. 465. — Lito-
santhes, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 213.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx small,
4- toothed. Corolla globose, with a villous throat, and a short
spreading 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4, inclosed ; filaments very
short, inserted beneath the throat ; anthers linear. Style in-
closed, perforating the fleshy disk ; stigma subclavate, 4-toothed
at the apex. Drupe succulent, obovate, umbonate, inflated, when
young 4-celled, but in the adult state usually 1 -celled, containing
generally 4 1 -seeded pyrenae, which are furnished with papery
aril at the base, and fixed to the central axis, which is incomplete.
Embryo incurved. — A shrub, with the habit of Fernelia. Leaves
small, trapeziform, almost sessile. Peduncles axillary, filiform,
usually bearing 2 flowers at the apex. — This genus is nearly
allied to Pyrostria.
1 L. biflo'ra (Blum. 1. c.) . S. Native of the western parts
of Java, on the mountains in w'oods.
Tmo-Jlomered Litosanthes. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltdnia, p. 555.
CXXIV. ERI'THALIS (from epi, eri , and 9a\\w, thallo, to
grow green ; in allusion to the leaves being of a deep shining
green). P. Browne, jam. p. 165. t. 17. f. 3. Lin. gen. no.
238. Juss. gen. p. 206. mem. mus. 6. p. 396. Lam. ill. t.
159. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 26. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par.
5. p. 213. D. C. prod. 4. p. 465. — Herr&ra, Adans. fam. 2. p.
158. but not of Ruiz et Pav.
Lin. syst. Peta-Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, a short permanent subtruncate lirnb, having its border
hardly 5-10-toothed. Corolla rotate, almost without a tube,
5- 10-parted ; lobes linear-oblong, spreading. Stamens 5-10,
scarcely adnate at the bottom of the corolla ; filaments subulate ;
anthers linear. Stigma appearing simple at first sight, but on
more close examination it will be found to be bilamellate. Drupe
globose, furrowed, crowned by the calyx, containing 5-10 1-
seeded pyrenae. Seeds pendulous. Albumen fleshy. — Glabrous
shrubs. Leaves petiolate, having the lateral nerves hardly evi-
dent. Stipulas broad, short, mucronate, sheathing, permanent.
Peduncles axillary, panicled, rather longer than the leaves.
Flowers small, white.
1 E. fruticosa (Lin. spec. 251.) leaves obovate ; panicles pe-
dunculate ; berries 8-10-furrowed, crowned by the truncate
limb of the calyx. . S. Native of Martinico, Guadaloupe,
Jamaica, St. Thomas, Porto-Rico, Cuba, &c. in woods on the
mountains. Swartz, obs. p. 80. — Browne, jam. t. 17. f. 3. —
Plum. ed. Burm. t. 249. f. 2. — Erithalis odorifera, Jacq. amer.
72. t. 173. f. 23. Flowers white, sweet-scented, usually hexan-
drous. Berries purple.
Far. j3, inodora (Jacq amer. p. 72.) shrubby; branches pro-
cumbent ; flowers inodorous ; berries white. . S. Native of
Curacoa, on rocks by the sea side. E. inodora, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 268. This is a shrub about 2 feet high.
Shrubby Erithalis. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1793. Tree 10 to 15 ft.
2 E. angustifolja (D. C. prod. 4. p. 465.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; panicles pedunculate, few-
flowered ; berry 5-9-furrowed, crowned by the 5-toothed limb
of the calyx. ^ • S. Native of Cuba, about the Havannah.
Teeth of calyx 5-6, more conspicuous than those of the first
species, and the tube of the corolla is a little longer. Berry
nearly dry, containing 5-7 pyrenae.
Narrow-leaved Erithalis. Shrub.
3 E. ? PENTAG&NIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 465.) leaves oval-lan-
ceolate, acute ; panicles terminal ; fruit deeply 5-furrowed, not
crowned by the calyx ; style very short, crowned by 5 reflexed
stigmas. 1? • S. Native of Cuba. Fruit the size of a pea,
containing 5 chartaceous compressed narrow pyrenae. Style
permanent. Corolla and stamens unknown. Habit of the other
species of Erithalis, but is probably a distinct genus.
Five-angled- fruited Erithalis. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltdnia, p. 555.
CXXV. RETIN IPHY’LLUM (from pr/rivy, retine, resin,
and cjivWoy, phyllon, a leaf ; the leaves are covered with resin).
Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 86. t. 25. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 421. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
208. D. C. prod. 4. p. 366. — Nonatelia species, Juss. Spreng.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a subglobose
tube, a 5-cleft limb, and acute lobes. Corolla salver-shaped,
with a terete tube, and 5 spreading linear obtuse lobes. Sta-
mens 5 ; filaments exserted from the throat of the corolla ; an-
thers oblong. Stigma thick, undivided. Drupe globose, crown-
ed by the calyx, furrowed, containing 5 bony 1 -seeded pyrenae.
— Small glabrous trees. Leaves obovate, obtuse or emarginate
at the apex, cuneated at the base, coriaceous, downy beneath.
Stipulas sheathing. Spikes of flowers axillary, at the tops of the
branches, pedunculate. Flowers secund, 2-4 in a cluster, flesh-
coloured, propped by 3-5 coloured bracteas.
1 R. secundiflorum (Humb. et Bonpl. 1. c.) 1? . S. Native
of South America, on the shady banks of the Orinoco and Ata-
bapo, near St. Balthazar. Nonatelia secundiflora, Spreng. syst.
1. p. 751. The leaves and branches are covered by a kind of
yellow resinous matter. Berries size of a pea, brownish.
Secund-Jlowered Retiniphyllum. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltdnia, p. 555.
CXXVI. NONATE'LIA (the Guiana name of one of the
species). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 182. Lam. ill. t. 155. Juss. gen.
p. 205. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 422. A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 206. t. 19. f. 2. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 466. — Oribasia, Schreb. gen. no. 307. — Psychotria species,
Willd. — Nonatelia species, Juss. mem.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 5 -toothed permanent limb. Corolla tubular, fun-
nel-shaped, having the tube as if it was gibbous, and a 5-lobed
limb. Stamens 5, almost inclosed. Stigmas 2 ? obtuse. Drupe
globose, furrowed, containing 5 coriaceous 1 -seeded pyrenae.
Albumen horny. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves glabrous or
downy, oval-oblong. Stipulas combined together more or less,
or free. Thyrse terminal, panicle-formed or corymb-formed.
Flowers often bracteolate, white.
1 N. racemo'sa (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 187. t. 72 ) leaves ellip-
tic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, petiolate ; stipulas twin on
both sides, 3 times shorter than the petioles ; thyrse panicled, a
little longer than the petioles ; flowers bracteolate at the base.
. S. Native of Guiana, in the woods of Orapu. Psychotria
racemosa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 966. Oribasia racemosa, Gmel.
syst. 1. p. 367. Flowers small, white. Bracteas 4, deciduous.
Fruit globose, 5-angled, 5-celled. Perhaps N. racembsa, A.
Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. Par. 1792. p. 107. is the same.
Racemose-Powered. Nonatelia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 N. Paname'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 466.) leaves oblong,
acuminated at both ends, petiolate ; stipulas twin on both sides,
558
RUBIACEjE. CXXVI. Nonatelia. CXXVII. Gynochthodes. CXXVIII. CcetospERMtiM.
connected at the base by a ligula, linear-subulate, longer than
the petioles ; thyrse terminal, panicled, divaricate, sessile, short.
Tj • S. Native of Panama. N. divaricata, Bartl. in herb.
Haenke, but not of A. Rich. Drupe roundish, depressed, con-
taining 5 pyrenae. Allied to N. racemdsa.
Panama Nonatelia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
3 N. viola'cea (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 188. t. 73.) leaves elliptic,
acuminated, tapering into the short petioles at the base ; stipulas
solitary on both sides, ovate, obtuse, deciduous ; thyrse many-
flowered, about half the length of the leaves ; flowers bracteate.
J? . S. Native of Guiana, in woods. Roem. et Schultes, syst.
5. p. 221. exclusive of the observations. Psychotria violacea,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 966. but not of Aubl. Oribasia violacea,
Gmel. Bracteas permanent. Corollas white. Berries ovate,
5-celled, of a violaceous colour, about the size of currants.
Violaceous- berried Nonatelia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
4 N. officina'lis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 182. t. 73.) leaves ovate,
acute, glabrous ; stipulas combined into a 4-toothed sheath ;
panicles corymbose ; involucrum small, 3-leaved under each
flower. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne, in sterile places. Lam.
diet. 1. p. 342. Stems nodose. Flowers white. Berry 5-cell-
ed and 5-seeded, according to Aublet. Psychotria involucrata,
Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 413. a native of Jamaica, is certainly dis-
tinct from the plant of Aubl. in the fruit being 2-celled and
2-seeded.
Officinal Nonatelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. Shrub 2
to 3 feet.
5 N. lu'tea (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 190. t. 74.) leaves broad-
ovate, acuminated ; stipulas bluntly 2-lobed ; panicles erect ;
tube of corolla narrow at the base, long, and with the segments
of the limb acute. T? . S. Native of French Guiana, at the foot
of Mount Couron. Psychotria lutea, Willd. spec. 1. p. 971.
but not of Sieb. Flowers yellow. Young fruit 5-celled, ex
Aubl.
FeZZow-flowered Nonatelia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
1 foot.
6 N. longiflo'ra (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 185. t. 71.) leaves lan-
ceolate, acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous ; stipulas com-
bined into a sheath, furnished with 2 acute lobes on each side ;
thyrse panicled, few-flowered, pedunculate, one-half shorter than
the leaves ; tube of corolla incurved, and with the segments of
the limb bluntish. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana, in woods.
Psychotria longiflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 971.. but not of Poir.
Leaves greenish yellow. Berry globose, brownish purple, 10-
striped, 5-celled, ex Aubl. Habit o i Palicilrea Pavetlce.
Long -Jlo'rvered Nonatelia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
7 N. grandiflo'ra (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
422.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, gla-
brous ; stipulas connate, bifid ; corymbs pedunculate, terminal.
T? . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the Orinoco
and the Tuamini, near Javita. Flowers rose-coloured. Fruit
oval, furrowed, 5-celled, ex Bonpl.
Great-jlowered Nonatelia. Shrub.
8 N.? macuophy'lla (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 423.) leaves
ovate, acuminated, membranous, glabrous above, and clothed
with fine down beneath ; panicles terminal, pedunculate. ^ . S.
Native of South America, in the woods of the Orinoco near
Javita. Schwenkfeldia macrophylla, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 765.
Stamens probably 5. Flowers yellow. Drupe globose, 10-fur-
rowed, 4-5-celled, ex Kunth.
Long-leaved Nonatelia. Shrub.
9 N. formo'sa (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
207.) leaves elliptic, long-acuminated, abruptly petiolate, gla-
brous above, and rugged from tomentum beneath ; spikes ter-
minal, simple, erect, length of leaves; flowers tetramerous ; fruit
4-celled ; corolla with a long tube, which is very villous inside.
1? . S. Native of French Guiana. Allied to N. longiflora.
Beautiful Nonatelia. Shrub.
10 N. divarica'ta (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acumi-
nated, tapering into the petioles at the base ; flowers 5-6-to-
gether, on the top of a common peduncle ; fruit globose, 4-fur-
rowed, containing 4 pyrenae. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana,
in woods. Flowers unknown.
Divaricate Nonatelia. Shrub.
11 N. ? hi'spida (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 187.) leaves
oblong, acuminated, oblique at the base, villous beneath ; stipu-
las linear-lanceolate, broad at the base ; flowers sessile, axillary,
verticillate, with hispid bracteas ; stigma 5-lobed. 1? . S. Native
of the East Indies, in Silhet. Corolla funnel-shaped, white.
Ovarium hairy, 5-celled. Habit of Sabicea. Perhaps a proper
genus.
Hispid Nonatelia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamillonia, p. 555.
CXXVII. GYNOCHTHO'DES (from ywr), gyne, a female,
and o)(d(i>cr]Q, ochthodes, warted ; in reference to the warted
stigma). Blum, bijdr. p. 993. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat.
Par. 5. p. 208. D. C. prod. 4. p. 467.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx
short, quite entire. Corolla 4-5-parted, villous inside, with the
segments of the limb conniving at the base, and spreading at the
apex, each tipped by a short inflexed claw. Stamens 4-5, in-
closed, inserted in the base of the corolla. Stigma bifid, warted.
Drupe globose, baccate, umbilicate, containing 4 1 -seeded tri-
quetrous pyrenae, which are furnished with papery aril. Embryo
albuminous, erect. — A climbing glabrous shrub. Leaves oppo-
site, oblong-oval, acute, coriaceous, glabrous. Stipulas perma-
nent, twin on both sides, approximate, erect, at length marces-
cent. Flowers crowded, axillary. This genus is nearly allied
to Nonatelia according to the author.
1 G. coria'cea (Blum. 1. c.) S. Native of Java,
among bushes between Rompien and Kuripan.
Coriaceous-leaved Gynochthodes. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pcederia, p. 561.
CXXVIII. CGELOSPE'RMUM (from koiXoq, koilos, hol-
low, and <77r eppa, sperma, a seed ; the seeds are concave inside).
Blum, bijdr. p. 994. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
209. D. C. prod. 4. p. 468.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx ur-
ceolate, quite entire, deciduous. Corolla with a short tube, and
a spreading 4-5 cleft limb ; lobes oblong-linear. Stamens 4-5,
exserted ; filaments inserted in the throat ; anthers long, linear,
incumbent. Style perforating the disk. Stigma bifid, exserted.
Drupe globose, umbilicate, containing 4 1 -seeded chartaceously
arillate pyrenae, which are hollow inside, and gibbous on the
outside. Embryo albuminose, erect. — Glabrous climbing shrubs,
with terete branches. Leaves opposite, petiolate. Stipulas
broad, short, truncate. Corymbs or umbels axillary and ter-
minal, simple or compound. This genus is nearly allied to
Gynochthodes, but differs from it in the stamens being exserted.
1 C. sca'ndens (Blum, bijdr. p. 468.) leaves oval, acute;
flowers subumbellate, exceeding the upper leaves. Tj . v>/. S.
Native of Java and the island of Nusa-Kambanga, on the moun-
tains, climbing upon trees, where it is called Sambon and Tjun-
Jcankan.
Climbing Ccelospermum. Shrub cl.
2 C. corymbo'sum (Blum. herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 468.)
leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends ; flowers subumbellate,
3 times shorter than the upper leaves. 1? . S. Native of
Java.
RUBIACEiE. CXXIX. Ancylanthus. CXXX. Phallaria. CXXXI. Hylacium. CXXXII. Cuviera, &c. 559
Corymbose-^ owered Coelospermum. Shrub cl.
Cult. See Pcederia, p. 561. for culture and propagation.
CXXIX. ANCYLA'NTHUS (from ayicvXog, anlcylos, curved,
and avdog, anthos , a flower ; the corolla is incurved). Desf.
mem. mus. 4. p. 5. t. 2. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 396. A. Rich.
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 209. D. C. prod. 4. p. 468.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 5-parted limb (f. 103. d.) ; lobes acute. Corolla tu-
bular, incurved (f. 103. b.), with the tube widened at the apex,
and an irregular 5-lobed limb (f. 103. c.) : the 2 superior lobes
the longest, all ending in callous points. Anthers 5, sessile at
the throat (f. 103. e.). Stigma thick, terete, 5-lobed at the
apex (f. 103. d. e.). Ovarium 5-c
— A shrub, with villous branch-
lets. Leaves elliptic, obtuse, pu-
berulous, on short petioles, reti-
culated beneath. Stipulas cori-
aceous, acute, sheathing at the
base. Flowers 1-3 together, on
short pedicels, axillary, spread-
ing, bracteolate, hairy. — From
the stigma and lobes of the co-
rolla this genus agrees with Cu-
viera.
1 A. rubigino'sa (Desf. l.c.)
Tj . S. Native of Angola, on the
western coast of Africa, (f. 103.)
. Rusty Ancylanthus. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propa-
gation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
'.10 3.g.); cells 1-seeded.
FIG. 103.
CXXX. PHALLA'RIA (from Phallus , in reference to the
form of the stigma). Schum. pi. guin. p. 112. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 619.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogy nia. Calyx with a globose or
turbinate tube, and an acutely 5-toothed limb. Corolla tubular,
5-cleft : segments acute, spreading or reflexed. Anthers 5,
oval, inserted at the throat. Style filiform ; stigma phalliform.
Ovarium 2-seeded? — Glabrous shrubs, natives of Guiana.
Branches terete. Leaves opposite, ovate- elliptic, on short pe-
tioles. Stipulas interpetiolar, acuminated. Peduncles axillary.
• — Nearly allied to Cuviera.
1 P. horizonta'lis (Schum. pi. guin. p. 112.) branches hori-
zontal, unarmed; peduncles umbellate, F? . S. Native of Guiana.
Stigma conical, and as if it was furnished with a reflexed mem-
brane from the very loose margin, truncate at the apex.
Horizontal- branched Phallaria. Shrub.
2 P. spino'sa (Schum. pi. guin. p. 113.) branches spinose ;
peduncles racemose. F? . S. Native of Guiana. Stigma of a
capitate conical form, bifid at the apex, ex Schum.
Spinose Phallaria. Shrub.
Cult. See Hamiltonia , p. 555. for culture and propagation.
CXXXI. HYLA'CIUM (from avXat, avXaicog, aulax aulakos,
a furrow ; in reference to the style and stigma being furrowed).
Beauv. fl. d’ow. 2. p. 83. t. 113. D. C. prod. 4. p. 619. — Psy-
chotria species, Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 379.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a short
hemispherical tube, and a 5-toothed limb. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a long tube, and 5 roundish reflexed lobes. Anthers
5, almost sessile in the throat. Style thick at the base, 5-fur-
rowed ; stigma cylindrical, truncate at the base and apex, 5-fur-
rowed. Drupe dry, containing a 2-celled rugged nucleus ; cells
1-seeded, but one of them is usually abortive. — A shrub. Leaves
opposite, on short petioles, ovate-oblong, attenuated at both
ends, glabrous. Stipulas unknown. Corymbs terminal ; pedicels
2-3-flowered. Flowers white. This genus is nearly allied to
Palicurea, if the fruit be 2-celled, but if it be 5-celled it is more
nearly allied to Nonatelia; but in the form of the stigma it
agrees with Cuviera.
1 H. Owarie'nse (Beauv. 1. c.) ^ • S. Native of Western
Africa, in the kingdom of Waree in deserts.
Waree Hylacium. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXXXII. CUVIE'RA (in honour of M. Frederick Cuvier,
the celebrated French zoologist). D. C. ann. mus. 9. p. 222.
t. 15. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 396. D. C. prod. 4. p. 468. A.
Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 210. but not of Koel.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a short tube,
and a 5-parted limb : lobes linear, acute, foliaceous, spreading,
3 times longer than broad. Corolla campanulate, 5 -cleft ; lobes
linear, very acute, hardened, and therefore spinescent ? Anthers
5, inclosed in the throat ; filaments very short. Stigma large,
dilated, cup-formed, obtuse, and somewhat pentagonal, with re-
flexed edges. Fruit baccate, 5-celled ; cells 1-seeded. — A
glabrous shrub, with diverging branches. Leaves oval-oblong,
acute, almost sessile. Stipulas combined into a short bidentate
sheath. Panicles terminal, corymbose. The corolla has a mem-
brane on the inside, which is separable from it, and this mem-
brane is probably furnished with the stamens. Ovarium desti-
tute of the urceolus at the apex.
1 C. acxjtiflo'ra (D. C. 1. c.) . S. Native of Sierra Leone,
where it was collected by Smeathmann. Cuviera Afric&na,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 760.
Acute-jlorvered Cuviera. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXXXIII. DONDI'SIA (named after James de Dondis, who
was among the first who illustrated the descriptions of plants by
figures). D. C. prod. 4. p. 469. but not of Adans. nor Scop, nor
Rchb.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a turbi-
nate tube, which is adnate to the ovarium, and a very short
hardly 5-toothed limb. Corolla with a short broad tube, fur-
nished with one series of retrograde scarious stiff hairs inside,
which is perhaps the loose jagged part of a membrane inside the
tube ; lobes 5, acuminated, valvate in aestivation, but at length
spreading. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the corolla
between the lobes ; filaments short, slender. Style filiform,
tumid in the middle, and hispid. Stigma ovate, truncate at the
base, almost cup-shaped. Ovarium 1 -celled? many seeded?
Fruit unknown. — A glabrous shrub, native of India, with slender
branches. Leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, on
very short petioles. Stipulas acute, short, deciduous. Race-
mules 3-4-flowered, short, axillary or rising from very short
branchlets, bracteolate, much shorter than the leaves. — This
genus is nearly allied to Cuviera and Stigmdnthus, but differs
from both in the truncate calyx, which is 5-parted in those
genera ; from Cuviera in the limb of the corolla being un-
armed, in the tube being pilose inside, not clothed by a mem-
brane, in the form of the stigma, and perhaps of the fruit; and
from Stigmdnthus in the tube of the corolla being short, not
long, in the style being tumid in the middle, and in the ovarium
being turbinate, not roundish.
1 D. Leschenau'ltii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 469.) Fj . S. Native
of the East Indies, on mountains, where it was collected by
Leschenault.
Leschenault’s Dondisia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
560 RUBIACE7E. CXXXIV. Stigmanthus. CXXXV. Strumpfia. CXXXVI. Billiotia. CXXXVII. Lygodysodea.
CXXXIV. STIGMA'NTHUS (from ariyya, stigma, a stigma,
and avOoc, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the large stigma).
Lour, coch. p. 146. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 390. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 469. — Stigmatanthus, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. xv.
Lin. syst. Pentandria , Monogy nia. Calyx with a short
tube, a 5 -parted limb, and filiform segments. Corolla fun-
nel-shaped, with a long tube, and 5 ovate-oblong spreading
lobes. Stamens 5 ; filaments very short ; anthers reflexed.
Style filiform, longer than the corolla ; stigma ovate, furrowed,
large. Berry dry, tubercular, compressed, 1 -celled. Seeds
many, bony. — A climbing sbrub, with glabrous lanceolate leaves.
Cymes large, axillary, and terminal. Flowers white. — This
genus is not sufficiently known ; it differs from Cuviera in the
1 -celled fruit; and from Dondisia in the 5 -parted calyx. Per-
haps both this genus and Dondisia are referrible to Tribe Gar-
deniaccce, subtribe Gardeniece.
1 S. cymosus (Lour. 1. c.). 1? . G. Native of Cochin-china,
in woods on the mountains. Cuvi&ra Asiatica, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 760.
Cywose-flowered Stigmanthus. Shrub climbing.
Cult. See Hamiltonia, p. 555. for culture and propagation.
CXXXV. STRUMPFIA (named by Jacquin after Christo-
pher Charles Strumpf, professor of chemistry and botany at
Hall, in Magdeburg, editor of Linnaeus’s Genera Plantarum in
1752). Jacq. amer. p. 218. Lam. ill. t. 731. A. Rich, mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 218. 1. 19. f. 3. D. C. prod. 4. p. 469.
— Strumphia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 211.
Lin. syst. Pentandria , Digy'nia. Limb of calyx campa-
nulate, cleft in 5 parts beyond the middle ; lobes acuminated.
Corolla sub-campanulate, deeply 5-parted, with hardly any tube,
but with erectish lanceolate lobes or segments, which are some-
what reflexed at the apex. Stamens 5 ; filaments very short,
inserted in the bottom of the corolla, connate ; anthers com-
bined into an ovate-oblong somewhat pentagonal tube, which is
5-celled inside ; cells regularly disposed, 3 external and 2 in-
ternal. Style length of stamens. Stigma bifid ; with the lobes
erect and obtuse. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Drupe
pea-formed, umbilicate, containing a 2-celled globose nucleus,
rarely 1 -celled from abortion. — A small shrub with a short stem.
Leaves fleshy, 3 in a whorl, linear, obtuse, with revolute margins.
Stipulas interpetiolar. Flowers small, disposed in short, nearly
simple axillary racemes : having 2 opposite scale-formed brac-
teas under each flower.
1 S. mari'tima (Jacq. 1. c.). T? . S. Native of Curacoa, on
rocks by the coast. The leaves resemble those of rosemary,
and the stipulas are blackish. Flowers small. The whole plant
has a disagreeable smell.
Sea-side Strumpfia. Shrub 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Hamiltonia, p. 555.
CXXXVI. BILLIO'TIA (named by Aloysia Colla, of Turin,
after his daughter, Madame Tecofila Billioti, a famous botanical
artist). D. C. prod. 4. p. 618. but not of Colla. — Viviania,
Colla. ann. soc. lin. par. 1825. but not of Cav. nor Raddi nor
Rafin. — Melanopsitlium, Cels. hort. but not of Poit.
Lin. syst. Penta-Heplandria, Monogy nia. Calyx with the
tube adhering to the ovarium, and a 5-7-parted limb. Corolla
salver-shaped ; having the tube bearded with bristles inside,
and a 5-7-parted limb. Stamens 5-7, adnate to the tube.
Ovarium crowned by a nectariferous urceolus. Style 1 ; stig-
mas 4. Drupe 1 -seeded by abortion. — A smoothish shrub.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, elliptic, acutish, villous on the pe-
tioles, margins, and the nerves on the under side of the leaves,
the rest glabrous. Stipulas solitary at each of the nodi, pro-
bably formed of 4, which are combined into a sheath, which is
cleft on one side, and denticulated at the apex, downy when
young, brown in the adult state, falling off at length in a cir-
cular manner at the base.
1 B. psychotrioides (D. C. 1. c.). T? . S. Native country
unknown. Viviania psychotrioides, Colla, 1. c. Melanopsidium
nigrum, Cels. hort. Colla, hort. rip. t. 35. Leaves 3 inches long
and 15 lines broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long. Stipulas 6-7
lines long. Flowers white, disposed in terminal heads.
Psychotria-like Billiotia. Clt. ? Shrub.
Cult. See Hamiltonia, p. 555. for culture and propagation.
Tribe VIII.
P^EDERIE'iE (this tribe agrees with Pcederia in important
characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. 470. — Lygodysodeaceae, Bartl.
in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 470. Fruit 2-celled,
indehiscent, bardly fleshy, and the rind is easily separated from
the carpels or nuts, which are compressed, 1 -seeded (f. 104. /.),
and hanging from the central filiform axis. Albumen fleshy. —
Climbing shrubs, with opposite leaves and interpetiolar stipulas.
CXXXVII. LYGODYSODEA (from Xvy oq, lygos, a twig,
and dvawHqe, dysodes, fetid ; all parts of the species are fetid
when bruised, like those of Pcederia). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod,
p. 32. t. 5. Bartl. in herb. Haenke. D. C. prod. 4. p. 470. —
Disodea, Pers. ench. 1. p. 210.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an ovate
globose tube, and a 5-toothed acute, permanent limb (f. 104. a.).
Corolla having the tube much longer than the teeth of the calyx
(f. 104. b.), with a hairy throat, and 5 somewhat revolute lobes
(f. 104. c.). Anthers oblong, sessile within the tube (f. 104.
e.). Style equal in length to the tube ; stigmas 2, slender (f.
104. d.), exserted. Fruit indehiscent, oval, somewhat com-
pressed, shining, crowned by the calycine teeth (f. 104. g.); the
rind is crustaceous, and at length becomes brittle and breaks
irregularly, and therefore is easily separated from the carpels or
seeds. Carpels or seeds 2 in each fruit, indehiscent, oval, applied
together, girded by a nerve-formed winged margin, hanging by a
thread from the base of the fruit, and when the rind has been
separated from them appear pendulous. Albumen a thin fleshy
membrane, combined with the tegument of the carpella or
wanting altogether. Embryo straight, with an inferior terete ra-
dicle, cordate foliaceous flat cotyledons, and an inconspicuous
plumule. — Smoothish twining shrubs, holding the same station
in America as the genus Pcederia does in Asia. Stems terete or
compressed. Leaves opposite, petiolate, cordate or ovate, acu-
minated. Stipulas very short, rather truncate, combined with
the petioles. Panicles few-flowered, loose, terminating in few-
leaved, axillary branchlets, or axillary and leafy. — This genus
comes very near Pcederia, and might probably form a distinct
order with it from the distinct calyx and carpels.
1 L. fie'tida (Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 48. t. 188.) stems
alternately compressed and fur-
rowed ; corymbs axillary, leaf-
less, one half shorter than the
leaves ; leaves all more or less
cordate. 1? . rs. S. Native of
Peru, in groves at Muna and
Pozuzo. Dysodea fce'tida, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 210. Petioles 4
lines long. Flowers purplish
white. This plant has been
confused with Pcederia fce'tida
by Sprengel.
Fetid Lygodysodea. Sh. tw.
2 L. cilia'ta (Bartl. in herb.
Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
FIG. 104.
RUBIACEiE. CXXXV1II. Lecontea. CXXXIX. Paederia.
561
470.) stems terete ; corymbs axillary, bearing 2-4 leaves, length
of leaves; leaves some of them cordate and others ovate at the
base. Tj . r'. S. Native of Mexico, where it was collected by
Haenke. Rondeletia volubilis, Sesse et Moc. fl. mex. icon,
ined. L. Mexicans, D. C. annot. fl. mex. ined. Petioles,
nerves of leaves on the under side, and margins ciliated with
hairs. Petioles 12-15 lines long, villous above.
Ciliated- leaved Lygodysodea. Shrub tw.
Cult. See Pcederia, p. 562. for culture and propagation.
CXXXVIII. LECONTEA (named after John Leconte,
F.L.S. of Savannah, in Georgia ; a celebrated American botanist).
A Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 105. t. 20. f. 1-2. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 470.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Limb of calyx 5-
parted ; lobes subulate, spreading. Corolla with a longish te-
rete tube, and a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the
throat, which is naked, almost sessile ; anthers oblong, exserted.
Style simple ; stigmas 2, linear, recurved. Ovarium 2-celled,
2-seeded. Fruit compressed, crowned, a little striated : rind
coriaceously membranous, bursting from the carpels or seeds at
the base. Carpels compressed, 1 -seeded, with winged margins,
hanging each from the top of a thread, which rises from the
base of the fruit. Seeds erect. Embryo straight, in fleshy
albumen, with a short radicle, and longer obtuse cotyledons. —
Small climbing shrubs, natives of Madagascar. Leaves oppo-
site, petiolate, tomentose. Stipulas undivided. Flowers almost
sessile, disposed in spikes ; spikes in fascicles, erect, or incurved,
rising from the top of a common axillary peduncle.
1 L. arge'ntea (A. Rich, l.c.) leaves oval, abruptly acumin-
ated, obtuse at the base, clothed with silvery tomentum beneath ;
spikes erect, in fascicles, elongated ; flowers distant ; fruit
oblong-oval. Pj . s_/. S. Native of Madagascar.
AiVyery-leaved Lecontea. Shrub cl.
2 L. Bojeria'na (A. Rich, 1. c.) leaves heart-shaped, tomen-
tose, abruptly acuminated at the apex ; spikes in fascicles, very
short, recurved ; flowers approximate ; fruit nearly orbicular,
f? . S. Native of Madagascar. Lygodysodea Lmgun,
Bojer ?
Bojer's Lecontea. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Pcederia, p. 562.
CXXXIX. PjEDE'RIA (from pcederos, an opal; in refer-
ence to the transparent berries). Lin. mant. p. 7. no. 1252.
Juss. gen. p. 205. (exclusive of Danais) mem. mus. 6. p. 381.
Lam. ill. 166. f. 1. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 84. t. 195. A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 194. D. C. prod. 4. p. 471.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a small 5-toothed permanent limb. Corolla funnel-
shaped, hairy inside, 5-lobed, plicate in aestivation. Stamens 5,
sometimes abortive ; anthers oblong, almost sessile in the
middle of the tube. Style not exserted ; stigma bifid. Berry
small, ovate-globose, 2-celled, 2-seeded : the rind at length
becoming brittle, and easily separated. Albumen fleshy. Em-
bryo straight, with a terete inferior radicle ; flat, foliaceous,
large cotyledons, and an inconspicuous plumule. — Sarmentose
shrubs, rarely erect. Leaves opposite, petiolate, lanceolate,
ovate or cordate, acute. Stipulas solitary on both sides.
Peduncles terminal and axillary, branched, somewhat corymbose.
Flowers small, white, usually unisexual.
* Climbing shrubs.
1 P. fce'tida (Lin. mant. p. 52.) leaves oblong or lanceolate,
cordate at the base, glabrous ; panicles axillary, opposite, short,
few-flowered, rarely terminal ; bracteoles minute ; anthers in-
closed ; berry ovate, a little compressed. Tj . S. Native
of the East Indies, very common in many places, as well as of
VOL. III.
Japan, and the Moluccas, among bushes. Lam. diet. 2. p. 257.
ill. t. 166, f. 1. Thunb. jap. 107. Roxb. in Wall. fl. ind. 2.
p. 517. Sieb. fl. maur. 2. no. 82. Apocynum foe'tidum, Burm.
fl. ind. p. 71. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 160. — Kcempf. icon. sel.
t. 9. — Somaraji, asiat. res. 4. p, 261. Stipulas broad, cordate.
Panicles axillary, brachiate. Flowers numerous, of a deep pink
colour. Seeds compressed, bordered by a membranous wing.
The leaves vary much in form. The whole herb has a fetid
smell, when bruised. The roots are used as an emetic by the
Hindoos.
Fetid Paederia. Clt. 1806. Shrub cl.
2 P. recu'rva (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 518.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, recurved, villous ;
anthers inclosed ; berries globose, dry, striated a little. 1? .
S. Native of the East Indies, at Chittagong. Leaves 6 inches
long and from 2-3 broad. Stipulas with a subulate hairy point.
Stigma simple, linear, clavate. Berry size and colour of a
black currant.
Recurved- corymbed Paederia. Shrub cl.
3 P. macroca'rpa (Wall. cat. no. 7292.) leaves broad, cor-
date, acuminated, downy above and woolly beneath ; racemes
long, axillary, panicled, downy ; fruit oblong, compressed, with
a polished rind. T? • v>. S. Native of the Burmese Empire, at
Rangoon.
Large-fruited Paederia. Shrub tw.
4 B. lanuginosa (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 52. t. 165.) leaves
broad-ovate, and ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, sagittately cor-
date at the base, downy above and woolly beneath ; racemes
long, axillary and terminal, panicled, downy or pilose as well
as the petioles ; fruit roundish, compressed. ^ S. Native
of the Burman Empire, on the banks of the river Abran. Flowers
green and purple.
Woolly- leaved Paederia. Shrub tw.
5 P. tomentosa (Blum, bijdr. p. 968.) leaves ovate-cordate,
acute, tomentose beneath ; panicles axillary and terminal, elon-
gated, leafy, S. Native of Java, among bushes on the
mountains, common.
Tomentose- leaved Paederia. Shrub tw.
6 P. verticilla'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 968.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
elliptic- oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles axillary and ter-
minal, elongated, leafy. Tj . S. Native of Java, on Mount
Salak.
Whorled-leaxed Paederia. Shrub tw.
* * Erect shrubs, which probably do not rightly belong to the
genus.
7 P. ere'cta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 519. but not of Spreng.)
erect ; leaves almost sessile, broad-lanceolate, smooth ; panicles
terminal, erect, in the forks of the branches ; stamens exserted
a little. 1? . S. Native of the East Indies, in Silhet. Leaves
4 inches long and li broad. Flowers numerous, small, wdiite,
inodorous. Berries the size of a pea, when ripe highly polished,
black, smooth.
Erect Paederia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
8 P. terna'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 520.) erect,
trichotomous, smooth : with triangular branchlets ; leaves 3 in
a whorl, oblong-lanceolate; corymbs axillary, trichotomous,
erect, shorter than the leaves; limb of calyx campanulate, ob-
scurely 5-toothed. f? . S. Native of the East Indies, on the
Juyuntyapoora mountains bordering on Silhet. Flowers rather
large, funnel-shaped, white, on long filiform pedicels, each
pedicel having a pair of linear ciliated bracteas above the
middle. The flowers are said to be fragrant when quite fresh,
but they emit a very offensive smell on being steeped in water
after they have been dried. Corolla fleshy, half an inch long,
with a 5-cleft, rarely 4-cleft border. Fruit unknown.
4 C
562 RUBIACEdE. CXXXIX. Paederia. CXL. Amaracarpus. CXLI. Damnacanthus. CXLII. Canxhium.
Terwate-leaved Paederia. Tree small.
■j" Species not sufficiently known.
9 P. ? Va'lli-ka'ra (Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 381.) climbing;
branches terete, villously tomentose ; leaves broad-ovate, acute,
somewhat cordate, rather pilose above, and rather woolly beneath ;
corymbs axillary, many-flowered. Tj . w. S. Native of Mala-
bar. Rheed. mal. 7. p. 35. t. 18. Hondbessen, Adans, fam.
2. p. 158. Berry globose, green, probably 1-seeded. Flowers
5-cleft, according to the figure, but tetrandrous according to the
description.
Valli-kara Paederia. Shrub cl.
10 P. ? sessiliflora (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 449. ) stems ascend-
ing ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; petioles geniculated at the
base ; racemes rather longer than the leaves, brachiate, pani-
cled ; flowers sessile, sub-secund. T? . S. Native of the
Mauritius. Said to be allied to P. foe'tida, but is probably a
species of Laugeria.
Sessile-flowered Psederia. Shrub ascending.
11 P. Brazilia'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 472.) leaves cordate-
oblong, pilose beneath and on the branches ; panicles terminal,
much branched ; flowers pedunculate. Tj . S. Native of Brazil,
in the province of Minas Geraes. Anthers inclosed. Berry
dry, containing 2 pyrenae. Paederia erecta, Spreng. neu. entd.
3. p. 34. but not of Roxb.
Brazilian Paederia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet ?
Cult. The species of Pcederia are free growers, and will
thrive in any kind of rich light soil ; and cuttings strike root
readily in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass.
Tribe IX.
COFFEA'CEAi (this tribe agrees with the genus Coffea in
the fruit being baccate, and in containing 2 hard 1-seeded nuts).
D. C. diss. 1806. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 352.
exclusive of some genera. A. Rich, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 472.
— Psychotriaceae and Cephalideae, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea.
4. p. 4. and p. 133. Fruit 2-celled (f. 105. h. f. 107. c.),
baccate, containing 2 1-seeded bony or crustaceous nuts (f. 107.
d.), which are flat inside and usually marked by a furrow on
the outside; rarely containing only 1 nut from abortion. Nuts
adhering by the inner sides. Albumen horny. — Trees or shrubs.
Leaves opposite. Stipulas inter-petiolar, with 2 on each side,
which are either combined or distinct.
Sub-tribe I, Coffee' a; (this sub-tribe contains shrubs agree-
ing with the genus Coffea in having distinct flowers). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 472 — Psychotriaceae, Cham, et Schlecht. 4. p. 4.
Flowers distinct, not combined.
CXL. AMARACARPUS (from ayapa, amara, leading
water, and Kapwog, karpos, a fruit ; probably in reference to the
furrow on the outside of the pyrenae or nuts). Blum, bijdr.
p. 954. A. Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 198. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 472.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogy nia. Calyx with an oval
tube and a 4-cleft unequal limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, with
a villous throat and a deeply 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4, inserted
in the throat of the corolla. Style 1 ; stigma 2-lobed. Drupe
baccate, crowned by the calyx, containing 2 bony 1-seeded
pyrenae, which are furrowed a little on the back. — A small
shrub, with downy branchlets. Leaves opposite, on short pe-
tioles, lanceolate, glabrous above, paler beneath, and rather
downy on the veins. Stipulas connate at the base, bifid at the
apex, deciduous. Flowers small, solitary, in the axils of the
leaves, rarely terminal, sessile, bracteolate at the base. — Habit
and axillary inflorescence of this genus disagree with Psy-
chbtria.
1 A. pube'scens (Blum, bijdr. p. 954.). T? • S. Native of
Java, and the Island of Nusa-Kambanga.
Pubescent Amaracarpus. Shrub.
Cult. See Coffea, p. 584. for culture and propagation.
CXLI. DAMNAC A'NTHUS (from bayvau, damnao, to con-
quer, auavdog, acanthos, a spine ; in reference to the strong
opposite thorns). Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 18. t. 182. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 473. — Canthium species, ex Juss. Rich.
Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogy nia. Calyx with a globose
tube, and a small 5-toothed permanent limb. Corolla, stamens,
and style unknown. Berry globose, 2-celled, crowned by the
calyx. Seeds solitary in the cells, and fixed to the bottom of
the cells. Albumen cartilaginously fleshy. Embryo very mi-
nute, seated in the base of the albumen, with a short inferior
radicle. — An Indian shrub, furnished with opposite spines, but
tbe leaves and flowers are hardly known. — This genus is nearly
allied to Canthium, but differs in the seeds being fixed to the
bottom of the cells, not to their tops, and in the embryo being
small. The Spina spinarum of Rumph. amb. cited by Gaertner,
for this plant has nothing to do with Rubiacece, in the leaves being
alternate and serrated, and is therefore referrible to Stigmarola
Janghbmas ; but perhaps the Oxycantha Javanica, Rumph.
amb. 7. t. 19. f. 3. is a species of Damnacanthus or Canthium.
1 D. I'ndicus (Gsertn. fil. 1. c.). J2 • S. Native of the East
Indies. Canssa spinarum, Thunb. in litt. to Gaertn.
Indian Damnacanthus. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Chiococca, p. 569.
CXLII. CAN THIUM ( Canti is the Malabar name of one of
the species). Lam. diet. 1. p. 602. Juss. gen. p. 204. mem.
mus. 6. p. 380. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 93. t. 196. Roxb. fl.
ind. 2. p. 169. Blum, bijdr. p. 966. D. C. prod. 4. p. 473.
but not of Labill. nor Lind). — Canthium species, A. Rich, mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 187. — Gardenia species, Lin. fil. —
Webera species, Schreb.
Lin. syst. Tetra- Pentandria, Monogy' nia. Calyx with an
ovate tube, and a short 4-5-toothed limb. Corolla with a short
tube, a bearded throat, and 4-5 spreading lobes. Anthers 4-5,
inserted at the throat, hardly exserted. Style filiform, ex-
serted ; stigma undivided, thick, ovate-globose, or mitre-formed.
Berry globose, or didvmous, fleshy, crowned by the calycine
teeth, 2-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell, inserted towards
the apex, inverted, incurved. Albumen fleshy. Embryo cen-
tral, with a long superior radicle. — Asiatic or African shrubs,
with spinose or unarmed branches. Leaves opposite, rather
coriaceous. Stipulas interpetiolar, solitary on both sides. Pe-
duncles axillary, short, many-flowered.
Sect. I. Euca'nthium (from eu, wrell or good, and canthium;
this section is supposed to contain the true species of the genus).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 473. Mature fruit 2-celled, terminated by
an umbilicus.
* Unarmed shrubs, with pentandrous flowers..
1 C. Corne'lia (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea 4. p. 14.)
branches unarmed ; peduncles, calyxes, and petioles villous ;
leaves oval, obtuse at tbe base, acute at the apex, rather villous
on both surfaces ; peduncles bifid ; cymes dense, many-flowered.
Tj • S. Native of Senegal. Pavetta Cornelia, Reicbb. in Sieb.
fl. seneg. exsic. no. 21. Fruit unknown. Flowers white.
Cornelia Canthium. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
2 C. subcorda'tum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 473.) unarmed ; leaves
ovate, rather cordate, acutish, downy beneath, as well as on the
branches ; peduncles bifid, cymose, many-flowered ; fruit a little
compressed and rather cordate. . S. Native of Senegal, in
RUBlACEiE. CXLII. Canthium.
563
liumid places ; and of Gambia, near Albreda, where it was col-
lected by Leprieur and Perrottet. Flowers smaller than in any
other species of the genus. Stigma ovate. Fruit almost like
that of the following.
Subcordate-leaved Canthium. Tree.
3 C. di'dymum (Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 94. t. 196. exclusive
of the syn. of Rheed.) shrubby, unarmed, glabrous, and smooth ;
leaves on short petioles, obtuse, and oval, glandular in the axils
of the veins beneath ; cymes axillary, on short peduncles ; fruit
didymous. Tj . S. Native of Coromandel, on the mountains.
Didymous-fruited Canthium. Shrub.
4 C. Molucca'num (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 172.) shrubby, un-
armed ; leaves oblong ; tube of corolla gibbous, length of style ;
stigma turbinate. ^ . S. Native of the Moluccas. The rest
unknown.
Molucca Canthium. Shrub.
5 C. fascicula'tum (Blum, bijdr. p. 967.) arboreous, un-
armed ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers in axillary
fascicles. . S. Native of the west of Java, in mountain
woods. Said to be allied to C. didymum.
Fascicled-R owered Canthium. Tree.
6 C. gla'brum (Blum, bijdr. p. 967.) arboreous, unarmed ;
leaves ovate, or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, acutish at the base,
glabrous ; cymes axillary, branched, many-flowered. . S.
Native of Java, in woods on the mountains.
Var. /3, puberulum (Blum. 1. c.) leaves roughish above and
puberulous beneath. Tj . S. Native of Java, at the foot of
Mount Salak.
Glabrous Canthium. Tree.
7 C. mite (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.)
unarmed, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, glan-
dular in the axils of the veins beneath ; cymes axillary, loose,
3 times shorter than the leaves. T? . S. Native of the Island
of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Stipulas acuminated. Cymes
bipartite, with diverging branches, and many-flowered branch-
lets. Calyx with 5 short, acute teeth.
Mild Canthium. Shrub.
8 C. lu'cidum (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. hot. p. 65.)
branches unarmed ; leaves on short petioles, elliptic, obtuse,
attenuated a little at the base, coriaceous, shining above, pale
beneath; cymes pedunculate, axillary, nearly globose. Tj . S.
Native of the Society Islands. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla
4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5. Closely allied to C. gldbrum and
C. nilens.
Lucid- leaved Canthium. Shrub.
* * Unarmed shrubs, with tetrandrous flowers.
9 C. nitens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) unarmed, glabrous ;
leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, bluntish, shining and glossy above ;
racemes compound, axillary, many-flowered, a little longer than
the petioles. T? . S. Native of the East Indies, where it was
collected by Leschenault. Petioles 8 lines long. Stipulas tri-
angular, deciduous. Peduncles disposed in dense panicles.
Tube of corolla a little longer than the lobes, which are oval
and obtuse. Stigma thick, ovate, much exserted.
/SAmirag-leaved Canthium. Shrub.
* * * Spinose shrubs, with tetrandrous flowers.
10 C. parviflorum (Lam. diet. 1. p. 602.) shrubby; branch-
lets glabrous ; spines opposite, horizontal, supra-axillary ; leaves
ovate, on short petioles, smooth, longer than the spines, usually
in fascicles ; racemes rising beneath the spines at the axils ;
berries nearly globose. ^ • S. Native of Coromandel, fre-
quent. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 39. t. 51. fl. ind. 2. p. 170. Gaertn.
fil. carp. 2. p. 196. f. 3.? Webera tetrandra, Willd. spec. 1.
p. 1224. Kanden-kara, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 71. t. 36. When
the plant is in luxuriance, the spines are sometimes threefold.
Flowers small, yellow. Berries yellow, obcordate, compressed
laterally, size of a cherry. The bush makes excellent fences.
'The leaves are universally eaten in curries ; on this account the
plant has the name of Balusoo-kura, which latter word means
esculent.
Small-flowered Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
11 C. hebe'cladum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) shrubby;
branchlets velvety ; spines opposite, rising from an acute angle ;
leaves obovate, glabrous, hardly longer than the spines ; pedicels
numerous, 1-flowered, axillary. V) . S. Native of the Island
of Luzon, one of the Philippines. C. parviflorum, Bartl. in
herb. Haenke. but not of Lam.
Downy -branched Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
* * * * Spinose shrubs , with pentandrous flowers.
12 C. Mundtia'num (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p.
131.) a small erect shrub: with opposite spinescent branches;
leaves ovate-oblong, of the same colour on both surfaces, mem-
branous ; petioles downy inside ; cymes axillary, pedunculate.
Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Plittenberg’s Bay.
Habit of Plectronia ventosa, but the cymes are on longer
peduncles ; the flowers are smaller, and the stipulas are glabrous
inside, not leaving a margin of white wool on falling, as in that
plant.
Var. [1, pubebcens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) leaves downy on
both surfaces, • G. Growing along with the species.
Mundt’s Canthium. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
13 C. horridium (Blum, bijdr. p. 966.) shrubby, erect ;
spines spreading, straight ; leaves small, almost sessile, ovate-
oblong, acutish, downy on both surfaces, as well as the branches
and stipulas ; flowers twin or tern, axillary, on very short pe-
duncles. T? . S. Native of Java, among bushes about Buiten-
zorg. Branches spreading, opposite.
Horrid Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
14 C. parvi folium (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 170.) shrub thorny
and hairy ; leaves oval, hairy beneath ; flowers axillary, crowded ;
tube of corolla globose. I? . S. Native of the East Indies.
The inside of the tube of the corolla is surrounded by a circle
of straight white bristles of its own length, inserted round its
mouth, and pointing to its bottom. The figure in Pluk. aim
27. t. 133. f. 3. so often referred to as this plant, has nothing
to do with it ; consequently it is neither Manetia diacantha,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 670., nor Azima diacantha, Lam. diet. 1.
p. 343.
Small-leaved Canthium. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
15 C. angustifolium (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 169.) shrub
thorny ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous, and shining, on short pe-
tioles ; flowers numerous, axillary, on short pedicels ; berries
roundish, retuse. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, on hills,
in the vicinity of Chittagong, Silhet, and the whole eastern
frontier of Bengal. Branches glabrous. Flowers small, green-
ish-yellow. Corolla with a short gibbous tube, and 5 lanceolate
segments. Drupe roundish, when ripe yellow.
Narrow-leaved Canthium. Shrub.
16 C. Rhee'dii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 474.) shrub thorny ; leaves
oval-lanceolate, acuminated, on very short petioles, shining ;
flowers numerous, axillary, on short pedicels ; berries roundish-
ovate, compressed. T? . S. Native of Malabar, where the
Brachmans called it Canti, hence the generic name. Tsjeron-
kara, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 73. t. 37. Root reddish, bitter. Flowers
small, greenish. Berries green. It differs from C. parviflorum
in the flowers being 5-cleft and pentandrous.
Rheede's Canthium. Shrub.
17 C. peduncula're (Cav. icon. 5. p. 21. t. 436.) shrub
thorny ; leaves ovate, acute, almost sessile, downy ; peduncles
4 c 2
564
RUBIACE7E. CXLII. Canthium. CXLIII. Peectronia CXLIV. Psydrax.
axillary, solitary, longer than the leaves. ^ • S. Native of
the Island of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Teeth of calyx
subulate. Corolla pale purple, with a woolly throat, and 5
lanceolate, very acute segments. Filaments shorter than the
corolla. Berry ovate, sub-compressed. This shrub is perhaps
generically distinct from Canthium.
Peduncular Canthium. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
18 C. lycioides (A. Rich, diss. p. 108.) spines supra-axillary,
simple ; leaves small, oblong-oval, acuminated, rather hairy ;
stipulas broad, ending in a long abrupt point at the apex ;
flowers axillary, pedunculate, solitary. 1? . S. Native of
Manilla. Habit of a species of Lycium. The rest unknown.
Lycium-liJce Canthium. Shrub.
19 C. Chine'nse (Pers. ench. 1. p. 200.) shrub thorny;
leaves obovate ; flowers sessile, hairy. 1) . G. Native of
China, at Macao ; and of Madras. Gardenia spindsa, Thunb.
diss. gard. no. 7. t. 2. f. 4. exclusive of the synonymes. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 1229. Randia spinosa, Poir. diet. 2. p. 829.
Leaves many from the buds under the spines, glabrous. Co-
rolla white, a little longer than the calyx, with ovate, obtuse,
spreading segments. Stigma clavate. This plant does not
probably belong to Canthium.
China Canthium. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. 5 to 8 ft.
20 C. sca'ndens (Blum, bijdr. p. 966.) climbing; spines
divaricate or recurved ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, acu-
minated, downy beneath as well as on the branches ; flowers
disposed in axillary fascicles ; fruit didymous. T? . S. Na-
tive of the Island of Nusa-Kambanga, near Java, among bushes.
Thorns much shorter than the leaves, straight, or a little re-
curved, but sometimes wanting on the branchlets. Fruit rather
rugged, like that of Psydrax.
Climbing Canthium. Shrub cl.
Sect. II. Pleuroga'ster (from n Xevpor, pleuron, a side,
and yairrrjp, gaster, a belly ; the cicatrice occasioned by the fall-
ing of the flower is left at one side of the fruit). D. C. diss.
ined. acad. sc. par. 1806. prod. 4. p. 475. Mature fruit 1-
celled, furnished with the floral cicatrice on one side at the base.
21 C. anomoca'rpum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 475.) glabrous;
branches divaricate, and probably at length becoming spines-
cent ; leaves oval, acuminated, on short petioles ; pedicels slen-
der, elongated, 1 -flowered, corymbose, usually deflexed, rising
from the axils of the superior leaves. • S. Native of Sierra
Leone, where it was collected by Smeathmann ; and of the
Gambia, at Albreda. This plant comes near to Plectronia ven-
tosa, from the singularity of the fruit.
Anomalous-fruited Canthium. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CXLIII. PLECTRO'NIA (from ir\r]KTpor,plecktron, a whip ;
in reference to the sopiare branches). Lin. mant. p. 6. no. 1249.
Lam. ill. t. 146. A. Rich, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 189.
but not of Burm. nor Lour. — Rhamnus species, Burm.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obo-
vate or oblong tube, and a 5-toothed limb. Teeth very short,
acutish. Corolla short, rather funnel-shaped, with a 5-parted
limb, and a bearded throat; segments acute, reflexed. Sta-
mens 5, inserted in the throat, a little exserted. Style short ;
stigma sub- capitate, of 2 approximate lamellae. Berry dry,
naked at the apex, emarginate, obovate-oblong, compressed,
didymous, containing 2 chartaceously coriaceous, 1 -seeded, inde-
hiscentpyrenae, which are flat inside. — Small African trees, with
opposite, sub-spinose branches. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
elliptic, acute at both ends, rather coriaceous, pale beneath.
Stipulas solitary on each side, apiculated. Peduncles axillary,
short, solitary, racemose, or corymbose ; pedicels about equal in
length to the fruit, slender. — This genus, along with Damna-
ednthus, Psydrax , and Canthium ought probably to be united.
1 P. vento'sa (Lin. mant. p. 52.) branchlets glabrous, tetra-
gonal ; stipulas 3 times shorter than the petioles ; peduncles
many-flowered, corymbose. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope, in woods much exposed to the wind. Serissa
Capensis, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 193. exclusive of the syn. of Willd.
Cruse, rub. cap. p. 21. 24. t. 2. Canthium Thunbergianum,
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaaa. 4. p. 130. Plectronia corym-
bosa, A. Rich. 1. c. — Burm. afr. p. 257. t. 94. Flowers greenish
white.
Windy Plectronia. Clt. 1816. Tree.
2 P. Madagascarie'nsis (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat.
Par. 5. p. 189.) branchlets glabrous, compressed ; pedicels axil-
lary, 1-flowered. • S. Native of Madagascar, where it was
collected by M. Chapelier. The whole shrub is glabrous.
Leaves oval, attenuated at the base, petiolate. Stipulas short,
acuminated, deciduous. Flowers unknown. Fruit obovate,
emarginate at the apex, and probably obcordate and compressed,
usually 1 -celled by abortion.
Madagascar Plectronia. Shrub or tree.
3 P. hirsu'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 476.) branchlets villous;
leaves villous beneath ; stipulas length of petioles. Tj . S. Native
of Senegal, by the sides of woods near Dagana, where it was
collected by Leprieur and Perrottet. Canthium Senegalense,
A. Rich. 1. c. p. 188. Branches terete, divaricate, spreading,
forming straight angles. Peduncles axillary, villous, compressed,
corymbose at the apex. Berry 2-celled, emarginate at the apex ;
but one of the cells is usually abortive, in this case the fruit be-
comes 1 -celled, and the umbilicus lateral, which is indicated by
the permanent 5-toothed calyx.
Hairy Plectronia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. See Chiococca, p. 569. for culture and propagation.
CXLIV. PSY'DRAX (from yvcpaicec, psydra/ces, pustulae ;
in allusion to the fruit, which are warted). Gsertn. fruct. 1 . p.
125. t. 26. f. 2. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 190.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 476.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 5-toothed deciduous limb. Corolla with a short
tube, a hairy throat, and 5 oval acute reflexed lobes. Stamens
inclosed, inserted at the throat. Style much exserted ; stigma
bilamellate. Berries fleshy, areolate at the apex, obovate, com-
pressed, wrinkled from tubercles, marked by a furrow on both
sides, 2-celled, containing usually 2, rarely 3 pyrenae ; pyrenae
oblong, scabrous from wrinkles, 1 -seeded, marked by a linear
furrow, and an umbilicus in the middle. Seeds bony, filling the
pyrenae. Albumen amygdalaceous, scrobiculate. Embryo in-
verted, filiform, curved into the form of a Greek sigma, with
linear cotyledons. — Shrubs, with opposite ovate leaves, and axillary
racemes of small flowers. This genus, from the hard fruit being
often 3-celled, and from the form of the embryo, almo t agrees
with the tribe Guettardacece.
1 P. mco'ccos (Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 125. t. 26. f. 2.) leaves
elliptic, long-acuminated, gradually tapering into the short
petioles at the base ; stipulas lanceolate, acute, permanent ; cymes
pedunculate, branched ; fruit rather heart-shaped. T2 • S. Na-
tive of Ceylon.
Two-seeded Psydrax. Shrub.
2 P. ma'jor (A. Rich. 1. c. p. 191.) leaves elliptic, on short
petioles, short-acuminated ; stipulas semi-oval, bluntish ; cymes
pedunculate, simple ; fruit heart-shaped. T? . S. Native of
Madagascar. Very like the preceding species, but differs in the
broader leaves with shorter points, caducous stipulas, simple
cymes, and larger fruit.
Larger Psydrax. Shrub.
RUBIACEiE. CXLV. Marquisia. CXLVI. Nescidia. CXLVII. Diplospora. CXLVIII. Epithinia, &c. 565
3 P. me dia (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves oval, very blunt, gradually
attenuated at the base ; stipulas ending in long points, caducous ;
cymes hardly pedunculate, simple, few-flowered ; fruit deeply
emarginate, didymous. . S. Native of Madagascar.
Intermediate Psydrax. Shrub.
4 P. angustifo'lia (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves linear, acutish at
the apex, gradually attenuated at the base ; stipulas lanceolate,
caducous ; cymes hardly pedunculate, 3-5-flowered; fruit small,
heart-shaped, didymous. T? . S. Native of Madagascar.
Narrow-leaved Psydrax. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 5G9.
CXLV. MARQUI'SIA (evidently called so after some person
of the name of Marquis, who is unknown to us). A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 192. D. C. prod. 4. p. 477. — Canthium
species, Labill.
LtN. syst. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a short acutely 5-parted limb. Corolla with a short
tube, a glabrous throat, and 5 oblong spreading bluntish lobes,
which are longer than the tube. Anthers 5, ovate, sessile at
the throat of the corolla. Style filiform, length of tube ; stigmas
4-6. Berry ovate, flesliy, 2-celled, crowned by the calyx. Seed
or pyrenae solitary in the cells, erect, convex on the outside, but
flat and furrowed inside. — A glabrous shrub, with spinose
branches. Leaves on short petioles, opposite, lanceolate, small,
attenuated at both ends. Stipulas small, solitary on both sides,
adhering to the petioles. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered,
deflexed, calyculated by 4 small combined bracteas under the
flower. Flowers small. This genus differs from Canthium in
the stigma being divided into many lobes, and in the seeds rising
from the bottom of the cells, not from the top.
1 M. Billardie rii (A. Rich. 1. c.) >? . G. Native of Van
Diemen’s Land. Canthium quadrifidurn, Labill. nov. boll. 1. p.
69. t. 94. A very spinose shrub, very variable in habit, having
the branches sometimes loose and elongated, and sometimes short
and crowded. Pedicels rising each from a sheath.
La Billardier’s Marquisia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CXLVL NESCIDI A (from nescio, to be ignorant; the fruit
being unknown the genus is very doubtful). A. Rich. mem. soc.
hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 192. D. C. prod. 4. p. 477.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Mi nogy'nia. Limb of calyx hardly
any, quite entire. Corolla with a short tube, a naked throat,
and a 5-cleft limb ; segments incumbent, bluntish. Stamens 5,
inserted in the throat, almost sessile, inclosed. Anthers linear,
acute. Style short ; stigmas 2, linear, acute, joined face to face.
Ovarium 2-celled; ovula solitary in the cells, fixed to the mid-
dle dissepiment. Seeds unknown. — A glabrous shrub, native of
the Mauritius. Leaves opposite, petiolate, like those of a
myrtle, coriaceous, scarcely acute. Stipulas short, interpetiolar.
Flowers axillary, solitary, girded by a hidentate calyculous at
the base. — This is a doubtful genus from the fruit being un-
known, but it has the habit of Myonhna.
1 N. myrtifo'lia (A. Rich. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of the
Mauritius.
Myrtle-leaved Nescidia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Cult. See Chiococca , p. 569. for culture and propagation.
|
CXLVII. DIPLO'SPORA (from SinXoog, diploos, double,
and tnropa, spora, a seed ; in reference to the cells of the fruit
being 2-seeded). D. C. prod. 4. p. 477. — Canthium species,
Lindl.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, a very short subcampanulate 4-toothed limb. Corolla
with a wide tube, which is shorter than the lobes, a pilose throat,
and 4 ovate fleshy spreading lobes. Anthers 4, sessile at the
throat, semi- exserted. Style length of the tube; stigma bifid.
Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded ; ovula collateral, ascending.
Fruit and seeds unknown. — A glabrous shrub, native of China,
with tetragonal branches. Leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated at both ends. Stipulas solitary on both
sides, ovate, acuminated, permanent. Flowers axillary, crowded,
almost sessile, yellowish-green, calyculate by combined bracteas
at the base. This genus agrees with Epithinia in the cells of the
ovarium being biovulate, but differs in the ovula being col-
lateral, not one on the top of the other.
1 D. viridiflo'ra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 477 ) . G. Native of
China. Canthium dubium, Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 1026.
Green-jlowered Diplospora. FI. July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
Cult. See Chiococca, p. 569. for culture and propagation.
CXLVIII. EPITHl'NIA (from em, epi, upon, and Qiv, thin,
the seashore ; the shrub grows among mangroves on the sea-
shore). Jack, in mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 12. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 477.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogy'nia. Limb of calyx cylin-
drical, scarcely 4-toothed, permanent. Corolla tubular, with a
4-parted spi-eading acute limb, and a villous throat. Stamens
4, exserted; anthers linear. Style exserted; stigma bifid.
Berry 8-furrowed, containing 2 oblong 2-seeded pyrenae. Seeds
placed one above another. — An Indian shrub. Leaves oppo-
site, petiolate, obovate, smooth, almost veinless. Stipulas want-
ing? Peduncles axillary, dichotomous, many flowered, with a
solitary flower in the fork. Flowers white. — This genus is said
to be allied to Malanea, but differs in the cells of the fruit being
2-seeded, and from all other Rubiaceous plants in the want of
stipulas.
1 E. Malaya'na (Jack, 1. c.) I; . S. Native of the islands of
Malacca, Singapore, in marshes among mangroves.
Malay Epithinia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CXLIX. SIDERODE'NDRON (from cn^pog, sideros, iron,
and SevSpov, dendron, a tree ; in reference to the hardness of the
wood of the trees). Schreb. gen. no. 691. Vabl, eel. amer. 1.
p. 10. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 374. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist,
nat. Par. 5. p. 183. t. 16. f. 3. D. C. prod. 4. p. 478. — Sider-
oxyloides, Jacq. amer. p. 19.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a subglobose
tetragonal tube, and a very small 4-toothed limb. Corolla with
a long terete tube, which is hardly widened at the apex, a gla-
brous throat, and 4 oval roundish bluntish spreading lobes.
Anthers 4, sessile in the throat of the corolla, oblong, hardly ex-
serted, one-half shorter than the lobes of the corolla. Style
bifid at the apex, length of the corolla. Berry dry, nearly glo-
bose, naked at the apex, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds convex on
the outside, concave inside, and furnished with a circular areola
as in Baconia. Albumen cartilaginous. Embryo unknown. —
Glabrous hard-wooded trees, natives of South America. Branches
terete, but tetragonal when young, as well as the pedicels. Leaves
opposite, oval-oblong, acute, rather coriaceous, petiolate. Stipu-
las solitary on both sides, apiculated by a short point. Peduncles
axillary, trifid or trichotomous. Flowers rose coloured on the
outside, and white inside. This genus is nearly allied to Coffea.
1 S. triflo'rum (Vahl, eel. 1. p. 10.) peduncles twin, axil-
lary, 3-flowered. 1? . S. Native of the islands of Montserrat
and Martinico, where it is called hois de fer or iron-wood. S.
ferreum, Lam. ill. p. 282. Sideroxyloides ferreum, Jacq, amer.
566
RUBIACEAL CXLIX. Siderodenbron. CL. Eumachia. CLI. Declieuxia.
p. 19. t. 175. f. 9. — Pluk. aim. t. 224. f. 2. Petioles short, and
the leaves are acute at the base, ex Vahl.
Three-Jlowercd Ironwood-tree. Clt. 1793. Tree tall.
2 S. multiflo'rum (A. Rich. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, tri-
partite, having the lateral branches trifid, and the middle one
twice trifid. fj . S. Native of French Guiana. Petioles 2-3
lines long. Peduncles 3 or 4 lines longer than the petioles.
Leaves acuminated at the apex, but hardly acute at the base.
Var. /3, angustifblium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 478.) leaves oblong,
acuminated. 1? . S. Native along with the species.
Many-Jloivered Ironwood-tree. Tree.
f A doubtful species.
3 S. panicula'tum (Willd. herb. no. 2811. ex Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 26.) panicles axillary, pedunculate,
hairy, with subdichotomous branches ; leaves ovate-cordate,
acutely mucronate, nearly sessile. Ij . S. Native of South
America, on the banks of the river Atabapo, near San-Balthazar.
Psychotria cordifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
365. but not of Dietr. The fruit is unknown, but the tree
agrees better with Siderodendron than with Psychotria in the
tetrandrous flowers and axillary panicles. Flowers blue, gla-
brous, with a villous throat.
Panicled-d owered Ironwood-tree. Shrub.
Cult. See Chiococca, p. 569. for culture and propagation.
CL. EUMA'CHIA (Eumachus, an author cited by Theophras-
tus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 478. — Petesia, Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p.
66. t. 192. but not of P. Browne, nor Lin. — Petesia species,
Juss. and Spreng.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 4-toothed deciduous limb. Corolla funnel-shaped,
with a short tube, a naked throat, and a 4-parted limb ; lobes
roundish, spreadingly reflexed. Stamens inserted in the bottom
of the tube ; filaments short ; anthers oblong in the throat.
Stigma bifid, having the lobes long and acute. Berry globose,
naked at the apex, 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds convex on
the back, and flattish in front, with a moon-shaped umbilicus.
Albumen cartilaginous. Embryo unknown. — A glabrous Aus-
tralian tree. Branches terete. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
smooth, oblong-lanceolate. Cymes terminal and axillary, trifid.
Corolla flesh coloured.
1 E. ca'rnea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 479.) Jj . S. Native of the
island of Namoka, one of the Friendly Islands. Petesia carnea,
Forst. 2. no. 51.
FYesA-coloured- flowered Eumachia. Tree.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CLI. DECLIEU'XIA (named after M. Declieux, a French
gardener, who carried the coffee plants first into Martinico).
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 352. Mart, et Zucc. in
Rcem. et Schultes, mant. 3. p. 111. Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 4. p. 4. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 193.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 479. — Psyllocarpus, Pohl, in litt. but not of
Mart.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a 4-parted limb (f. 105. b.). Corolla funnel-shaped
(f. 105. g.), with a terete tube (f. 105./.), a bearded throat, and
4 spreadingly reflexed lobes. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat;
filaments filiform ; anthers linear, fixed by the middle, exserted
(f. 105. e.); stigma bifid (f. 105. c.). Berry nearly dry, 2-cell-
ed, subdidymous, compressed (f. 105. h.), crowned by the per-
manent calyx (f. 105. b.), containing 2 chartaceously coriaceous
1-seeded pyrenae. Albumen horny. Embryo unknown. —
Shrubs, rarely herbs, natives of America. Stems erect, tetra-
gonal when young. Leaves opposite or in whorles, nearly ses-
sile. Stipulas small, interpetiolar. Corymbs terminal, tripar-
tite, bracteate, with dichotomous branches. Flowers white,
lateral and sessile, or terminal and pedunculate, bibracteate.
1 D. chiococcoides (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
353. t. 281.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaves opposite, sessile, oblong-
lanceolate, acute, cuneated at the
base, with rather revolute edges ;
corymbs sessile, tripartite ; sta-
mens about equal in length to
the lobes of the corolla. ^ . S.
Native of New Andalusia, on
the banks of the Orinoco, near
the monastery of Caripe : and of
Rio Janeiro, ex Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 4.
Rcem. et Schultes, mant. 3. p.
112. Houstonia fruticosa, Willd.
mss. in Roem. et Schultes, syst.
3. p. 527. Shrub 4 feet high.
Flowers white, (f. 105.)
Ckiococca-like Declieuxia. Sh.
4 feet.
2 D. Mexica'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 479.) suffruticose, gla-
brous ; leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, sessile, oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse at the base, acute at the apex ; corymbs peduncu-
late, 4-5-parted; stamens about equal in length to the lobes of
the corolla. I? . S. Native of Mexico. D. chiococcoides,
Bartl. in herb. Haenke. Flowers white.
Mexican Declieuxia. Shrub 1-j foot.
3 D. thymbroides (Mart, et Zucc. in Roem. et Schultes,
mant. 3. p. 111.) shrub much branched ; leaves disposed in ver-
ticillate fascicles, sessile, linear, acute, attenuated at both ends,
and are, as well as the branches, roughish ; flowers solitary or
few together on the tops of the branches. . S. Native of
Brazil.
Thymbra like Declieuxia. Shrub.
4 D. satureioides (Mart, et Zucc. in Rcem. et Schultes,
mant. 3. p. 111.) shrub much branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
attenuated at the base, sessile, opposite or 6 in a whorl, and are,
as well as the branches, scabrous from hairs ; flowers axillary,
solitary. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown.
Savory-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
5 D. galioides (Pohl, in litt. under the name of Psyllocar-
pus,) plant subherbaceous, glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves 3
in a whorl, linear ; whorles distant ; panicles terminal, having
the branches disposed 3 in a whorl, cymose. Tj . S. Native of
Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl.
Galium-like Declieuxia. Shrub 1 foot.
6 D. spergulifolia (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, glabrous;
leaves linear-subulate, opposite, sessile ; racemes dichotomous ;
terminal. Tj • S. Native of the south of Brazil. Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 6. Panicle terminal, dichotomously
compound from cymes : having thebranchlets capillary, elongated,
and erect, with alternate flowers. Flowers twin, one of each
pair sessile. Stamens inclosed. Cham, et Schlecht.
Spurry-leaved Declieuxia. Shrub.
7 D. marioides (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby; stem and
branches clothed with soft down ; leaves 3 in a whorl, rarely 4,
ovate-lanceolate, almost sessile, glabrous, with revolute edges ;
flowers axillary, almost terminal. . S. Native of Brazil.
Cat-thyme-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
8 D. cenanthoides (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) plant herbaceous,
glabrous ; stem nearly simple ; leaves 4 in a whorl, sessile, re-
mote, linear-lanceolate, acute ; racemes bifid, forming a terminal
panicle. Jj . S. Native of the south of Brazil. Panicle, ex
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 5. terminal, from whorles
FIG. 105.
RUBIACE.E. CLI. Declieuxia.
of branches, usually twin, and forming a terminal umbel, with a
central flower. Flowers sessile.
(Enanthe-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
9 D. folio'sa (Pohl, in litt. under the Psyllocarpus ,) shrubby,
scabrous in every part; branches tetragonal; leaves opposite,
linear-oblong, acuminated at both ends, revolute at the margins
while young ; cymes terminal, few-flowered. Fj • S. Native of
Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. In the axils of the
leaves there are two young leaves, and therefore at first sight
appear 6 in a whorl.
Leafy Declieuxia. Shrub.
10 D. cordi'gera (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) suffruticose, nearly
simple, clothed with roughish pubescence ; leaves opposite, de-
cussate, approximate, sessile, ovate-cordate, acute, concave on
the back ; racemes bifid, terminal, crowded into a dense panicle.
Fj . S. Native of Brazil within the tropic. Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linneea. 4. p. 7. Psyllocarpus cordifolius, Pohl, in litt.
Leaves rarely 3 in a whorl. Panicle terminal, erect, many flow-
ered, nearly globose, with angular flexuous branches, dichoto-
mous, hence bearing sessile flowers.
Heart-bearing Declieuxia. Shrub.
11 D. glau'ca (Mart, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 8.)
shrubby, glabrous, pruinosely glaucescent ; leaves opposite, ses-
sile, ovate, very acute, erectly adpressed, coriaceous ; panicle
terminal, erect, nearly globose, dense. Fp . S. Native of Bra-
zil within the tropic. Very nearly allied to the preceding
species.
Glaucous Declieuxia. Shrub.
12 D. Passeri'na (Mart, et Zucc. in Rcem. et Schultes, mant.
3. p. 112.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaves opposite, decussate, ses-
sile, adpressed, imbricating in 4 rows, ovate, acute, 3-5- nerved
beneath ; flowers axillary, sessile, covered each by a leaf. Fj . S.
Native of Brazil.
Passerina- like Declieuxia. Shrub.
13 D. daphnoides (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby ; branches
twiggy ; leaves opposite, decussate, somewhat imbricating in 4
rows, sessile, ovate-cordate, acute, rather concave above, sca-
brous from hairs beneath, 7-9-nerved ; peduncles axillary, few-
flowered. 1? . S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown.
Daphne-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
14 D. imbricata (Pohl, in litt. under the name of Psyllo-
carpus,') shrubby, glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves opposite,
decussate, erect, ovate, hardly subcordate, cuspidate, stiff, having
4 small ribs on each side of the midrib ; peduncles axillary, few-
flowered. Fj . S. Native of Brazil.
Imbricated-leaved Declieuxia. Shrub.
15 D. rhexioides (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, glabrous;
young branches subumbellate, twiggy; leaves opposite, decus-
sate, sessile, erectly spreading, imbricating in 4 rows, orbicu-
larly ovate, acute, 5 -nerved ; flowers axillary, almost solitary.
1? . S. Native of Brazil.
Rhexia-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
16 D. origanoides (Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, clothed with
roughish hairs ; branches dichotomous, terete ; leaves opposite,
rather remote, on short petioles, nearly orbicular, acute, many
nerved; flowers terminal, thyrsoid. Fj . S. Native of Brazil.
Leaves like those of Origanum Dictdmnus.
Origanum-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
17 D. mo'llis (Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby ; leaves opposite, ovate-
lanceolate, somewhat rhomboid, acute, tapering into the short
petioles at the base, with ribbed veins, clothed with villi ; flowers
terminal, disposed in dichotomous panicles. Fj • S. Native of
Brazil.
Soft Declieuxia. Shrub.
18 D. lysimachioides (Zucc. 1. c.) plant herbaceous or suf-
fruticose, downy; branches simple, erect; leaves 3 in a whorl,
567
ovate, attenuated at both ends, acute ; flowers terminal, dichoto-
mously panicled. F? . S. Native of Brazil.
Lysimachia-hke Declieuxia. Shrub.
19 D. rubioides (Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaves op-
posite, decussate, ovate, acute, rounded and cordate at the base,
shining above ; flowers terminal, disposed in dichotomous pani-
cles. Tj - S. Native of Brazil.
Rubia-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
20 D. a'lba (Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, scabrous; leaves opposite,
decussate, ovate, acute, sessile, rounded at the base ; racemes
terminal, bifid, disposed in dichotomous cymes. Fj . S. Native
of Brazil.
White Declieuxia. Shrub.
21 D. divergentiflora (Pohl, in litt. under Psyllocarpus,)
suffruticose ; branches terete, clothed with velvety hairs ; leaves
opposite, sessile, ovate, acutish, nerved, clothed with fine velvety
down on both surfaces ; cyme terminal, on short peduncles, of 6
diverging rays ; corollas glabrous. Jj . S. Native of Brazil,
where it was collected by Pohl.
Diverging-Jlorvered Declieuxia. Shrub.
22 D. pulverule'nta (Mart. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea.
4. p. 9.) suffruticose, clothed with short dense hairs in every
part except the corollas ; leaves usually 3 in a whorl, rarely op-
posite, sessile, ovate, acute or acuminated ; cymes terminal, of
many rays, subfastigiate. Fj. S. Native of Brazil within the
tropic.
Powdery Declieuxia. Shrub.
23 D. POLYGALoiDES (Zucc. in Schultes, mant. 3. p. 113.)
suffruticose ; branches twiggy, erect ; leaves 3 or 4 in a whorl,
sessile, lanceolate, acute, erect, smoothish ; flowers terminal,
panicled. Fj • S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown.
Polygala-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
24 D. vincoides (Mart, et Zucc. 1. c.) shrubby, glabrous ;
leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, ovate, attenuated at both ends,
acute, sessile, shining ; flowers terminal, disposed in dichoto-
mous panicles. Fj . S. Native of Brazil.
Vinca-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
2.5 D. pruinosa (Pohl, in litt. under Psyllocarpus, D. C.
prod. 4. p. 481.) suffruticose, glabrous, glaucous; branches
terete ; leaves opposite, sessile, orbicularly ovate, mucronate ;
cymes terminal, trichotomous, on short peduncles, fastigiate. F? .
5. Native of Brazil.
Frosted Declieuxia. Shrub.
26 D. mucronula'ta (Mart. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea.
4. p. 10.) suffruticose, quite glabrous ; leaves opposite, sessile,
elliptic or obovate, cuneated at the base, mucronate at the apex :
the mucrone usually reflexed ; cymes terminal, on short pedun-
cles, somewhat fastigiate. F? . S. Native of Brazil within the
tropic. Stem and branches terete, furnished with 2 slight wings.
Psyllocarpus trichotomus, Pohl, in litt. may be referrible to this,
but the mucrones of the leaves are not reflexed in the specimens
of that plant collected by Pohl.
Mucronate-Xeaxed Declieuxia. Shrub.
27 D. gla'bra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 481.) plant suffruticose,
glabrous ; stem somewhat tetragonal ; leaves opposite, petiolate,
elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, but not mucronate ;
cymes terminal, of many rays, subumbellate. Fj . S. Native of
Brazil, Pohl; about Caraccas, Vargas. Psyllocarpus glaber,
Pohl. in litt. Very like the preceding.
Glabrous Declieuxia. Shrub.
28 D. ? psychotrioides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 4S1.) suffruticose,
glabrous ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, elliptic, long-acu-
minated, acute at the base; cymes terminal, on short peduncles,
trichotomous, one-half shorter than the leaves. Fj . ? If. . ? S.
Native of Cayenne, where it was collected by Patris ; and of
Panama and Mexico, according to Haenke. herb. Coffea did v*
1
568
RUBIACE/E. CLI. Declieuxia. CLII. Tertrea. CLIII. Chiococca.
mocarpa, Bartl. in herb. Haenke. Flowers unknown. Stipulas
twin on both sides, subulate.
Psychotria-like Declieuxia. Shrub.
29 D. herba'cea (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 11.)
plant herbaceous, glabrous ; branches straight, glabrous, terete,
a little winged ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, at-
tenuated, acute ; cymes axillary, on long peduncles, of 5 spread-
ing rays. 7£.S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro. Knoxia
Brasiliensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 406. Habit of Borreria laxa.
Corolla a line long. Fruit nearly dry. This plant ought pro-
bably to be excluded from the present genus, according to Mar-
tius in Linnaea. 1. c.
Herbaceous Declieuxia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CLII. TERTRE'A (named after J. B. du Tertre, a traveller
in the French West Indian Island*, and who has written a gene-
ral history of them). D. C. prod. 4. p. 481 .— Schi&dea, A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. pt. 1. p. 186. (1830) but not of
Schlecht. in 1826.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 4-parted:
lobes erect, oval, obtuse, ciliated. Corolla short, funnel-
shaped, 4-cleft ; lobes short, obtuse, rather spreading : throat
beset with hairs. Stamens exserted, inserted in the upper part
of the tube. Style shorter than the corolla. Stigmas 2, short,
obtuse. Drupe oblong, compressed, crowned by the calyx, with
2 opposite furrows, containing 2 chartaceous 1 -seeded pyrenae.
Seed oblong, compressed, pendulous. — A shrub, native of Mar-
tinico, having the branchlets usually spinescent at the apex.
Leaves opposite, oval, acute, on short petioles, membranous,
glabrous. Stipulas interpetiolar, acuminated. Flowers small,
disposed in a terminal oppositely branched raceme.
1 T. Martinicf/nsis (A. Rich. 1. c.) J? . S. Native of Mar-
tinico.
Martinico Tertrea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Chiococca, p. 569.
CLIII. CHIOCO CCA (from \anv, chion, snow, and kokkoc,
kokkos, a berry ; the berries of C. racemosa are white, hence it
is called snow-berry). P. Browne, jam. p. 174. Lin. gen. no.
231. Jacq. amer. p. 68. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 378. Lam. ill.
t. 160. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 125. t. 26. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist,
nat. Par. 5. p. 186. D. C. prod. 4. p. 482. — Lonicera species,
Lin. hort. cliff, et spec. ed. 1st. — Chiococca species, Spreng.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and an acutely 5-toothed permanent limb. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with an obconical tube or throat, and 5 acute lobes.
Stamens with the filaments hardly adnate to the bottom of the
corolla, downy, and shorter than the anthers, which are inclosed
and linear. Style rather clavate at the apex, entire or slightly
2-lobed. Berry somewhat didymous, compressed, crowned by
the teeth of the calyx, containing 2 chartaceous 1 -seeded py-
renae. Seeds pendulous. Embryo with a long superior radicle.
Albumen cartilaginous. — Shrubs generally with a somewhat climb-
ing habit. Leaves opposite, ovate or oblong, acute, glabrous.
Stipulas broad at the base, permanent, more or less apiculated.
Racemes axillary, opposite, simple or panicled. Flowers pedi-
cellate, of a yellowish white colour. Roots emetic and alexi-
teric.
1 C. racem6sa (Jacq. amer. p. 68. Lin. spec. 246.) leaves
oval, acuminated at both ends, smooth ; stipulas broad at the
base, and apiculated by a long point at the apex ; racemes many
flowered ; corolla much longer than the teeth of the calyx ; fila-
ments of stamens downy. I? • 8. Native of the West India
islands, Mexico, and Carthagena, on hills. Swartz, obs. p. 76.
Andr. bot. rep. t. 284. Tratt. tab. t. 631. Hook. fl. exot. t.
93. — Sloane, hist. t. 188. f. 3. — Dill. hort. elth. t. 228. f. 295.
and therefore the Lonicera alba, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 175. A
very variable shrub. Corollas at first white and scentless, but
at length becoming yellowish and sweet-scented. Leaves shining
on the upper surface. Berries snow white, hence the English
name snow-berry, and the Greek one chiococca. The stamens
are glabrous in the figure given by Hooker, and the stigma is
trifid in that given by Andrews, variations which have never
been seen in nature. The root has much the same acrid bitter
taste as snake-root, and has been long used as a strong resolu-
tive or attenuant ; it is administered with great success in obsti-
nate rheumatisms, and old syphilitic taints. It is best given in
decoction ; it is also an excellent emetic, and may be used as
ipecacuanha.
Var. ft, scandens (Pers. ench. 1. p. 209.) branches very slen-
der, and evidently climbing; leaves oblong; racemes shorter
than the leaves, simple. 1? . S. Native of Jamaica, and the
island of Santa Cruz. — Browne, jam. p. 164. no. 2. Swartz, obs.
76. var. ft.
Far. y, laxiflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 482.) climbing ; leaves
oblong; racemes panicled, longer than the leaves. Ij . S. H.
Cultivated in the botanic garden at Calcutta.
Var. 2 • S.
Native of the East Indies, on the Nellighery mountains, where
it was collected by Leschenault. Tube of corolla 3 lines long.
Style 4 lines long, clavate at the apex. Stipulas broad, rather
membranous. Plant becoming blackish on drying.
Short-flowered Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
12 P. Rotiiia'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 491.) branchlets and
calyxes clothed with hoary villi ; leaves elliptic, petiolate, rather
hairy, but while young clothed with hoary tomentum ; stipulas
RUBIACE.E.
CLX. Pavetta.
575
triangular, glabrous inside ; flowers disposed in panicled co-
rymbs, bearded ; corolla with a long terete tube, which is beard-
ed at the throat, and oblong obtuse lobes ; style setaceous,
glabrous. ^ • S. Native of the East Indies. P. villosa, Roth,
nov. spec. p. 88. but not of Vahl.
Roth’s Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
13 P. nauclealflo'ra (R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 6171.) villous in
every part ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated ; corymbs
terminal ; teeth of calyx short, acute ; lobes of corolla obtuse.
Ij . S. Native of Pulo Penang. Fruit round.
Nauclea-jlowered Pavetta. Shrub.
14 P. Brun6nis (Wall. cat. no. 6172.) soft and villous all
over ; leaves obovate ; stipulas and bracteas broad, membranous ;
peduncles trichotomous, having the branches dense and corym-
bose ; lobes of calyx subulate. J? . S. Native of the East
Indies, on the Nellighery mountains. Pavetta mollis, Wall. cat.
no. 6179. Leaves smoothish above in the adult state.
Brown’s Pavetta. Shrub.
15 P. Weber^efolia (Wall. cat. no. 6182.) leaves broad-
lanceolate, glabrous, tapering to both ends ; corymbs downy ;
fruit spherical. Tj . S. Native of Pulo-Penang and Chitta-
gong.
Webera-leaved Pavetta. Shrub.
16 P. Scjmatre'nsis (Roth, nov. spec. p. 88. and in Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 3. p. 176.) leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic, gla-
brous, strigose on the ribs beneath ; corymbs trichotomous ;
flowers pentandrous, clothed with white tomentum ; corolla with
a filiform tube, and oblong obtuse lobes ; style much exserted ;
stigma oblong, glabrous. Tj . S. Native of Sumatra. Flowers
white.
Sumatra Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
17 P. longifl6ra (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 12.) leaves lanceolate-
elliptic, and are as well as the branches glabrous ; stipulas pilose
inside ; flowers disposed in fascicles ; teeth of calyx rather long,
acute. b • S. Native of Arabia Felix. Ixora occidentalis,
Forsk. cat. p. cv. Ixora longiflora, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 208.
Flowers white. Berries black. Corolla an inch and a half in
diameter.
Var. (3, Javana (D. C. prod. 4. p. 491.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, oblong, acute at both ends, coriaceous ; corymbs termi-
nal, fastigiate, trichotomous, downy ; tube of corolla very long ;
lobes of calyx and corolla acute. Tj . S. Native of Java, in
woods on the mountains. Pavetta longiflora, Blum, bijdr. p. 952.
Long -flowered Pavetta. Shrub.
18 P. villosa (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 12.) branches and calyxes
villous, hoary ; leaves on short petioles, elliptic-lanceolate,
clothed with canescent villi while young; flowers in fascicles.
. G. Native of Arabia Felix. Ixora villosa, Poir. suppl. 3.
p. 208. Leaves smooth on the upper surface in the adult state.
Branches 4-cornered. Flowers white. Stipulas, style, and
stigma as in P. I'ndica.
Villous Pavetta. Shrub.
* * African species.
19 P. Owarie'nsis (Beauv. fl. d’ow. 1. p. 87. t. 52.) leaves on
long petioles, ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends, membra-
nous, glabrous ; corymbs terminal ; lobes of calyx oval, acutish ;
lobes of corolla linear, obtuse, almost the length of the tube ;
style twice as long as the tube, clavate at the apex, fj . S. Na-
tive of the west coast of Africa, between Waree and Buonopozo.
Ixora Owariensis, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 207. Flowers white.
Throat of corolla very villous. Stipulas short, stem-clasping,
apiculated by a short point at the apex.
Waree Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
20 P. Ca'ffra (Thunb. prod. p. 29. fl. cap. 1. p. 535.) leaves
obovate, almost sessile, glabrous ; stipulas membranous, connate ;
flowers subumbellate ; teeth of calyx setaceous ; lobes of corolla
oblong, acute, shorter than the tube. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, in the woods of Krakokamma. Ixora Caffra,
Poir. suppl. 3. p. 209. Pavetta corymbosa, Houtt. ed. 1. p. 11.
t. 40. and Crinita Capensis, Houtt. pfl. syst. 5. p. 357. t. 40. f.
1. ex Thunb. and Roem. syst. 3. p. 175. Ixora tilba, Burm.
herb. Pav. thyrsiflora, Thunb. herb. Corymbs of flowers
terminating in shorter branches. Flowers white. Style much
exserted, clavate at the apex. This is a beautiful shrub when
in flower.
Caffrarian Pavetta. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3
to 4 feet.
21 P. parviflora (Afz. rem. guin. p. 47.) leaves oblong,
attenuated at both ends ; stipulas acute ; peduncles dichoto-
mously umbellate ; calyxes and corollas villous, f? . S. Native
of Guiana. Flow'ers white.
Small-flowered Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
22 P. ? Smeathma'nni (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) leaves oval,
short-acuminated, coriaceous, smooth, on short petioles ; co-
rymbs axillary, on short peduncles ; teeth of calyx oblong, cili-
ated ; corolla with a terete tube, and the limb globose before ex •
pansion. 1? . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Pavetta parviflora,
Smeathm. herb. Perhaps this plant belongs to a different genus.
Smeathmann’s Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
23 P. subgla'bra (Sebum, pi. guin. p. 78.) branches terete,
nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, rather ciliated at the
base ; petioles rather hairy ; stipulas ciliated on the inside, ovate,
mucronate ; corymbs festigiate, terminal ; lobes of calyx lan-
ceolate, acute. T? . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers white.
Stigma globose.
Nearly-glabrous Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
24 P. genip/Efolia (Schum. pi. guin. p. 78.) branches terete,
downy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, shining, glabrous,
downy beneath and on the petioles ; stipulas setaceously acumi-
nated ; corymbs terminal, globose; peduncles and calyxes hairy.
1 2 . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers white.
Genipa-leaved Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
25 P. lateriflora ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous,
acuminated, almost sessile, disposed in 2 rows ; peduncles axil-
lary, subcorymbose. J? . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers
white. Berry roundish, containing a 1-seeded nut. Cotyledons
long, twisted. Perhaps the same as P. Smeathmdnni.
Side-flowered Pavetta. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
26 P. cane'scens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) branchlets clothed
with white hairs ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at the base, on short
petioles, reticulately veined, downy above, and clothed with
canescent villi beneath ; corymbs lateral, many-flowered, almost
sessile ; pedicels and calyxes hairy ; corolla with a downy tube,
and a glabrous limb; style much exserted, rather clavate at the
apex. Vi . S. Native of the South Western Coast of Africa, in
Angola. Pavetta tomentosa, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par.
5. p. 181. but not of Roxb. Flowers white.
Canescent Pavetta. Shrub.
* * * Species natives of Madagascar.
27 P. ? anthophy'lla (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat.
par. 5. p. 181.) quite glabrous ; leaves short, oval, acute, rather
fleshy ; stipulas broad, short, acuminated, permanent ; flowers
cymose, terminal, pentamerous ; one of the calycine lobes is drawn
out into a leaf; anthers inclosed; style much exserted. S.
Native of Madagascar. Perhaps a proper genus.
Leaf-flowered Pavetta. Shrub.
28 P. cine'rea (A. Rich. 1. c.) shrub clothed with grey to-
mentum ; leaves rather oval, acute, gradually narrowed at the
base, clothed with cinereous tomentum, especially beneath ; sti-
pulas connate, lanceolate, permanent ; cymes terminal, peduncu-
576
RUBIACEAL CLX. Pavetta. CLXI. Saprosma. CLXII. Coussarea.
late, branched ; flowers tomentose. Tj . S. Native of Mada-
gascar.
Cinereous Pavetta. Shrub.
29 P. gra'cilis (A. Rich. 1. c.) quite glabrous ; leaves elliptic-
oblong, very acute, almost sessile ; stipulas connate, narrow-
lanceolate ; cymes few-flowered, terminal ; flowers very long,
slender ; stamens exserted ; style hardly exserted beyond the
tube. . S. Native of Madagascar. Perhaps a proper genus.
Slender-fi owered Pavetta. Shrub.
* * * * Species natives of the South Sea Islands.
30 P. opulina (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
late ; corymbs coarctate, globose, terminal. T? . S. Native of
New Caledonia. Coflfea Opulina, Forst. prod. 1. no. 93.
Chiococca Opulina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 756. Ixora species, A.
Rich. Bracteas roundish, scarious. Pedicels rather hispid.
Lobes of the corolla 4, linear, revolute, obtuse. Style simple,
clavate, twice longer than the corolla. Flowers white.
G«eMer-rose-like Pavetta. Shrub.
31 P. sambu'cina (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; cymes corymbose, terminal, . S.
Native of the Friendly Islands. Coflfea Sambucina, Forst.
prod. 1. no. 92. Branchlets tetragonal. Leaves a span long.
Branches of the panicle verticillate. Lobes of the corolla 5,
spreading, bluntish. Style simple, clavate, much longer than
the stamens, ex Spreng. pug. 1. p. 16. Chiococca sambilcina,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 756. Ixora species, ex A. Rich. Flowers
white.
Elder- like Pavetta. Shrub.
32 P, triflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminated ; peduncles terminal, by threes, 3-flowered.
S. Native of Otaheite. Chiococca triflora, Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 756. Coflfea triflora, Forst. prod. 1. no. 95. Flowers
white.
Three-flowered Pavetta. Shrub.
•f Species not sufficiently known.
33 P. angustifolia (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 175.)
leaves linear-lapceolate, attenuated at both ends ; cymes termi-
nal, trichotomous, subumbellate ; teeth of calyx acute ; corolla
with a slender tube, and oblong acute lobes. . S. Native of
the East Indies. Pavetta Fndica, Burm. fl. ind. p. 35. t. 13. f.
3. exclusive of the synonymes. Ixora angustifolia, Lam. diet.
3. p. 45. Flowers white. Stigma nearly entire as in Pavetta,
and about equal in length to the lobes of the corolla, as in Ixora.
Narrow-leaved Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
34 P. amplexicau'lis (Pers. ench. 1. p. 131.) glabrous;
leaves stem-clasping, oval ; segments of corolla acute, lanceo-
late. . S. Native of the East Indies ; and is often mixed
with P. Tndica according to Persoon.
Stem-clasping- leaved Pavetta. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
35 P. ? parasFtica (Lour. coch. p. 73.) stem parasitical,
much branched ; leaves verticillate, ovate, tomentose ; clusters
of flowers axillary ; calyx tetragonal, truncate, villous ; corolla
with a long tube, and 4 oblong inflexed lobes ; style equal in
length to the corolla ; berry 1 -seeded. Ij • G. Native of
Cochin-china, in gardens, growing upon trees. Flowers small,
dusky yellow. This plant should probably be removed from the
genus.
Parasitical Pavetta. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult . For culture and propagation see Ixora, p. 574.
CLXI. SAPRO'SMA (from aairpoe, sapros, rancid, and
off yr),osme, a smell; the wood and berries are very fetid). Blum,
bijdr. p. 956. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 178.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 493. — Bruchia, Schw’agr.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oval tube,
and a small 4-toothed permanent limb. Corolla 4-cleft, with a
hairy throat. Stamens 4, inserted in the throat of the corolla ;
filaments short ; stigma bifid. Berry oval, smooth, umbilicate,
1 -seeded, crowned by the permanent calyx. Embryo erect, in
fleshy albumen.— Trees or shrubs, natives of Java. Leaves op-
posite, glabrous, acuminated at both ends. Flowers crowded,
terminal, rarely axillary, sessile. Berry and wood very fetid
This genus comes very near the following.
1 S. arbo'reum (Blum, bijdr. p. 956.) arboreous ; leaves pe-
tiolate, elliptic-oblong ; flowers crowded, terminal, and some-
times axillary, fj . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods.
Tree Saprosma. Tree.
2 S. frutico'sum (Blum, bijdr. p. 956.) shrubby; leaves
almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate ; flowers crowded, terminal. F? .
S. Native of Java, on Mount Parang.
Shrubby Saprosma. Shrub.
Cult. See Ixora, p. 574. for culture and propagation.
CLXII. COUSSA'REA (Aublet does not give the meaning of
this word). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 98. t. 38. Lam. ill. 1. p. 281. t.
65. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 177. t. 18. f. 1. and
2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 493. — Coussarea and Froelichia, Juss. mem.
mus. 6. p. 376. — Froelichia, Vahl. eel. praef. 3. but not of
Mcench, nor Wulf. — Billardiera, Vahl, eel. 1. p. 13. t. 10. f. 3.
but not of Smith, nor Moench. — Pecheya, Scop. intr. p. 143.
no. 530.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx with an ovate tube,
and a short tubular sinuately 4-toothed limb. Corolla with an
elongated terete tube, which is hardly tumid at the apex, and a
glabrous throat. Stamens 4, inserted in the upper part of the
tube, inclosed ; anthers oblong-linear. Style filiform ; stigma
bipartite, with the lobes linear, and hardly exserted. Berry
ovate-globose, hardly fleshy, crowned by the tubular limb of
the calyx, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed rather globose, fixed to the
sides of the parietes. Embryo small, in a pit at the bottom of
the albumen, which is horny, with a thick coriaceous radicle,
which is longer than the small cotyledons. — Glabrous shrubs,
natives of America. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, on short pe-
tioles. Stipulas solitary on both sides, acute. Flowers terminal,
few, rather crowded, on short pedicels, white.
1 C. viola'cea (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 98. t. 38.) leaves ovate,
acuminated ; flowers terminal, almost sessile, f? . S. Native of
French Guiana, in the woods called Caux woods. Flowers white.
Berries violaceous.
Violaceous- berried Coussarea. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
2 C. racemo'sa (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
177.) leaves elliptic, acuminated; stipulas caducous; flowers
small, disposed in terminal pedunculate racemes ; fruit ovoid,
compressed, white. T? . S. Native of French Guiana.
Ziaccwiose-flowered Coussarea. Shrub.
3 C. macroca'rpa (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acumi-
nated ; stipulas caducous ; flowers disposed in terminal and
axillary, hardly pedunculate racemes ; fruit ovoid, black, . S.
Native of French Guiana. Very like the preceding species.
Long-fruited Coussarea. Shrub.
4 C. ? squamo'sa (Lam. ill. p. 281. no. 1462.) leaves ovate-
oblong ; cymes scaly, axillary ; limb of calyx cylindrical. J? .S.
Native of the Caribbee islands.
Nca/y-cymed Coussarea. Shrub.
5 C. Frceli'chia (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated at both ends ; panicle corymbose, terminal, pedun-
culate ; peduncles compressedly angular. ^ • S. Native of
the island of Trinidad, ex Vahl; and of Porto Rico, where it
was collected by Ryan. Froelichia paniculata, Vahl, eel. praef.
p. 3. Billardiera paniculata, Vahl, eel. 1. p. 13. t. 10. f. 3.
RUBIACE^E. CLXIII. Polyozus.
CLXIV. Grumilea. CLXV. Rutidea.
577
Stipulas very short, rounded, acuminated on both sides, ex Vahl ;
but in the specimen collected at Porto-Rico by Ryan, the sti-
pulas are connate a little way at the base, and bidentate at the
apex ; both are, however, probably the same species.
Frcelich’s Coussarea. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ixdra, p. 574.
CLXIII. POLYO'ZUS (from no\v, poly, many, and o£oe,
ozos, a branch ; in reference to the shrub, which is much
branched). Lour. coch. p. 74. exclusive of the first species. D. C.
prcd. 4. p. 494. Blum, bijdr. p. 947. — Polyozus, A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 183. — Ixdra species, Poir.
Lin. syst. Tetr a- Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a
turbinate tube, and an obsoletely denticulated deciduous limb.
Corolla with a cylindrical tube, a villous throat, and 4-5 spread-
ingly reflexed lobes, which are longer than the tube. Anthers
4-5, alternating with the lobes of the corolla, hardly exserted.
Style short ; stigma bifid. Ovarium crowned by the disk.
Berry drupaceous, nearly globose, 2-celled, naked at the apex ;
cells containing 1 pyrena each. Pyrenae excavated on the inside,
and gibbous on the back, coriaceous, 1 -seeded. Albumen carti-
laginous. Embryo minute, erect. — Small glabrous trees, natives
of Asia and the Mauritius. Leaves opposite. Stipulas inter-
petiolar. Cymes trichotomous, axillary, and terminal.— This
genus is nearly allied to Ixdra, but differs in the tube being
shorter than the corolline lobes, and in the limb of the calyx being
deciduous. It is also nearly allied to Baconia, but differs in the
stigma being bifid.
1 P. lanceola'ta (Lour. coch. p. 75.) leaves lanceolate,
petiolate ; racemes terminal, compound ; flowers tetramerous
and tetrandrous. T? . G. Native of China, about Canton.
Branches diffuse. Flowers reddish.
Lanceolate- leaved Polyozus. Shrub 4 feet.
2 P. acumina'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 948.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, very much acuminated ; racemes axillary ; flowers tetra-
merous and tetrandrous. ^ . S. Native of the western part
of Java, on the mountains. Branchlets compressed. Stipulas
broad, short. Flowers small, corymbose ; corymbs in the axils
of the superior leaves on short peduncles.
Acuminated-leaved Polyozus. Shrub.
3 P. latifo'lia (Blum, bijdr. p. 948.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acute at both ends ; flowers pentamerous and pentandrous. .
S. Native of the island of Nusa-Kambanga, near Java.
Broad-leaved Polyozus. Shrub.
f Doubtful species.
4 P. ? Maderaspata'na (D. C. prod, 4. p. 495.) leaves pe-
tiolate, oblong-lanceolate, hardly acute at the base, and rather
acuminated at the apex ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous ;
flowers pentamerous and pentandrous. J? . S. Native of the
East Indies, about Madras. Stipulas broad, short, acuminated,
adpressed. Leaves coriaceous, those of the flowering branches
4 inches long and 1^ broad, standing on petioles about half an
inch long.
Madras Polyozus. Shrub.
5 P. ? barba'ta (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 26. under Pavetta,)
leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, smooth ; panicles brachiate, di-
varicate, smooth ; tube of corolla one-half shorter than the
lobes, which are 5, and beset with bristles in the mouth. 1? . S.
Native of the island of Hominoa, in the East Indies. Leaves
coriaceous, a foot long, and 2 inches broad. Stigma cylindrical,
acute. From the tube of the corolla being shorter than the
lobes, and the flowers being pentamerous and pentandrous, it is
probably a true species of Polyozus.
Bearded Polyozus. Shrub.
vol. hi.
N. B. P. bipinndtus (Lour. coch. p. 75.) should be excluded
from the present order altogether, from the bipinnate leaves, but
its true place is unknown.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ixdra, p. 574.
CLXIV. GRUMl'LEA (from grumula, a little heap; in
reference to the albumen, which is grumose). Gaertn. fruct. 1.
p. 138. t. 28. f. 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 495. — Grunilea, Poir.
suppl. 2. p. 857. — Grumilia, Du Theis, Gloss, bot. p. 210.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx writh an ovate
tube, and a 5-toothed limb. Corolla, stamens, and style un-
known. Berry crowned by the calyx, ovate-globose, rather
coriaceous, 2-celled, rarely 3-celled. Seeds solitary in each
cell, plano-convex or angular. Albumen rather cartilaginous,
grumose from chinks and fissures. Embryo erect, small, rather
curved, and nearly dorsal, with lanceolate cotyledons. — This
genus is hardly known, but from the albumen it comes very near
to Rutidea; and to Psychotria from the form of the fruit.
1 G. nigra (Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 138. t. 28. f. 2.) berry
smooth ; teeth of calyx on the top of the fruit, conniving and
rounded, f? . S. Native of Ceylon, where it is called Hogdala.
Berries black.
Black-herx\eA Grumilea. Shrub.
2 G. psych otrioides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 495.) berry striated
lengthwise, crowned by the short tubular truncate limb of the
calyx. J? . S. Native of the western coast of Africa, in Casa-
mancia at Itou, where it was collected by Leprieur and Perrottet.
Shrub glabrous. Leaves petiolate, elliptic, cuneated at the base,
acute at the apex, shining. Stipulas solitary on both sides, lan-
ceolate, deciduous. Flowers unknown. Fruit 5-6 together at
the tops of the branches, sessile, almost capitate, black, ovate,
2-celled. Seeds ruminated as in Annona.
Psycholria-like Grumilea. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ixdra, p. 574.
CLXV. RUTTDEA (from pvne, rutis, a wrinkle; in allusion
to the wrinkled albumen). D. C. diss. 1807. ined. with a figure,
ann. mus. hist. nat. Par. 9. p. 219. prod. 4. p. 497. Juss. mem.
mus. 6. p. 378. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 179. —
Rytidea, Spreng.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a globose
tube, and a small 5-parted limb : lobes ovate. Corolla funnel-
shaped, with a terete tube, which is dilated at the apex, and 5
spreading oval lobes. Anthers 5, sessile in the throat of the
corolla, exserted, oblong, but shorter than the lobes of the
corolla. Style clavate at the apex ; stigmas 2, combined, indi-
cated only by a furrow. Berry nearly dry, globose, crowned by
the vestiges of the calyx, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Seed globose, um-
bilicate at the base, wrinkled on the outside. Albumen large,
grumose, cartilaginous. Embryo oblique, terete. — Shrubs,
natives of India and Africa. Branches terete, hispid while young.
Leaves opposite, on short petioles, hispid on the nerves and
petioles. Stipulas twin on both sides, combined to the middle,
subulate at the apex. Spikes racemose, interrupted, terminal ;
flowers disposed in almost sessile opposite fascicles. Bracteas
and calyxes hispid. Corollas glabrous, becoming black on dry-
ing, but probably white in the recent state.
1 R. parvifeo'ra (D. C. 1. c.) branches, petioles, and nerves
of leaves on the under surface, rather hispid ; leaves elliptic-ob-
long ; spikes terminal, formed of interrupted fascicles of flowers;
fruit glabrous. ^ . S. Native of Sierra Leone, where it was
collected by Smeathmann; and of Casamancia near Itou, where
it was collected by Leprieur and Perrottet.
Small-Jlomered Rutidea. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
2 R. ? mo'llis (Blum, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 495.) every part
of the plant is clothed with soft hairy tomentum ; leaves elliptic-
4 E
578
RUBIACEdE. CLXV. Rutidea. CLXVI. Faramea.
oblong, clothed with soft hairs on both surfaces, but most so
beneath ; corymbs terminal, dichotomous ; fruit rather villous,
globose, 1-seeded. . S. Native of the island of Pulo-
Penang. The fabric of the seed is unknown.
Soft Rutidea. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Ixora, p. 574.
CLXVI. FARA'MEA (Aublet does not give the meaning of
this name). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 175. t. 17.
f. 1 and 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 496. — Faramea and Tetramerium,
Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 376.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a turbi-
nately globose tube, and a very short 4-toothed or entire limb.
Corolla with a short terete tube, a naked throat, and 4 spreading
oblong or linear acute lobes, which are longer than the tube.
Anthers 4, sessile, inclosed. Style short, bifid at the apex.
Berry dry, 2-celled while young, but in the adult state it is glo-
bose, depressed, 1 -celled, and 1-seeded, marked by 8 crenula-
tions at the cicatrice. Seeds fixed to the bottom of the cell,
umbilicate at the base, globosely depressed. Albumen horny.
Embryo lateral, small, horizontal. — Glabrous, dichotomously
branched shrubs, natives of America. Leaves petiolate, oval or
oblong, acuminated. Stipulas interpetiolar, solitary on each
side, broad at the base, and setaceously cuspidate at tbe apex.
Flowers corymbose or umbellate, on the tops of the branches or
peduncles. Corollas white.
Sect. I. Eufara'mea (this section is supposed to contain the
true species of the genus). D. C. prod. 4. p. 496. — Faramea,
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 102. t. 40. Lam. diet. 2. p. 460. ill. t. 63. —
Famarea, Vittm. summ. pi. 1. p. 357. Peduncles terminal, 1-3
together, bearing each a simple umbel of flowers at the apex.
Flowers involucrated by caducous bracteas. Stipulas ending in
an awn.
1 F. sessilifeo'ra (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 104. t. 40. f. 2.) um-
bels terminal, solitary, simple, sessile ; calyx 4-toothed. I? . S.
Native of Guiana, in the woods called Cauxwoods. Leaves ob-
ovate. Flowers white.
Sessile-flowered Faramea. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
2 F. sertuli'fera (D. C. prod. 4. p. 496.) peduncles ter-
minal, solitary, nearly terete, bearing a simple umbel of flowers
at the apex ; calyx truncate. . S. Native of Cuba, about
the Havannah. Branches slender, dichotomous. Leaves oblong,
acuminated at both ends.
Garland-bearing Faramea. Shrub.
3 F. trunca'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 496.) peduncles terminal
by threes, compressed at the apex, bearing each a simple umbel
of flowers; calyx truncate. T? • S. Native of French Guiana.
Very like the following species, but differs in the calyx being
truncate. Corolla marcescent. Fruit pale, but exactly like
those of F. odoratissima.
Truncate-ca\yx.ed Faramea. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
4 F. corymbosa (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 102. t. 40. f. 1.) pedun-
cles terminal by threes, compressed at the apex, each bearing a
simple umbel of flowers ; calyx 4-toothed. 1? . S. Native of
French Guiana, in the woods called Cauxwoods. Lam. ill. t. 63.
Flowers white.
Corymbose-flowered Faramea. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
Sect. II. Tetrame'rium (from rerpue, tetras, fourfold, and
jutptc, metis, a part ; in reference to the flowers being tetrame-
rous). D. C. prod. 4. p. 496. — Tetramerium, Geertn. fil. carp.
3. p. 90. t. 196. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 373. —
Coffea section Potima, Pers. ench. 1. p. 209. — Darluca, Rafin.
ann. gen. sc. phys. 6. p. 87. ? Coffea and Ixora species, Lin.
Corymbs terminal, trichotomous. Flowrers naked.
* Stipulas ending in an awn.
5 F. odorati'ssima (D. C. prod. 4. p. 496.) leaves oval-ob-
long, acutish at the base, and abruptly acuminated at the apex;
stipulas broad, ending in a subdorsal awn ; corymbs terminal ;
limb of calyx very short, truncate, ten times shorter than the
tube of the corolla ; berry crowned by the very short bluntly
4-toothed limb of the calyx. Tj . S. Native of the West Indian
islands, as in St. Domingo, Jamaica, Porto-Rico, Guadaloupe,
Cayenne, Panama, and probably of Mexico. Plum. ed. Burm.
t. 156. f. 2. P. Browne, jam. t. 6. f. 1. but not fig. 2. — Coffea
occidentalis, Jacq. amer. t. 47. Lin. spec. p. 246. Ixora Ame-
ricana, Lin. amoen. acad. 5. p. 393. ex Swartz. Tetramerium
odoratissimum, Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 90. t. 196. Tetramerium
occidental, Nees and Mart. nov. act. nat. cur. 12. p. 13.
Flowers white, sweet-scented, about the size of those of the jas-
mine ; hence it is called jasmine in Jamaica.
Very-sweet-scented-d owered Faramea. Clt. 1793. Sh. 6 ft.
6 F. latifo'lia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 497.) leaves oval, abruptly
acuminated ; stipulas broad, ending in a subdorsal awn ; corymbs
terminal ; tube of calyx slightly tetragonal, somewhat 4-
toothed, 5 times shorter than the tube of the corolla, tj . S.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Tetramerium
latifolium, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 30. It differs
from the preceding species in the flowers being one-half smaller.
This plant is probably also a native of Trinidad and Santa Cruz.
Broad-leaved Faramea. Shrub 6 feet.
7 F. Montevide'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 497.) leaves oblong,
acuminated at both ends ; stipulas broadish at the base, ending
in a subdorsal awn at the apex ; corymbs terminal ; berries
crowned by the limb of the calyx, which is tubularly cup-shaped
and subtruncate. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, about Monte-
video; and of Porto-Rico. Tetramerium Montevidense, Cham,
et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 29. Flowers white. Leaves and
inflorescence almost like those of F. odoratissima ; but the limb
of the calyx on the fruit is very different.
Monte-Video Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
8 F. stipula'cea D. C. prod. 4. p. 497.) leaves oblong, atten-
uated at the base, and acute at the apex ; stipulas broad at the
base, and ending in a dorsal awn at the apex ; corymbs terminal;
limb of calyx acutely 4-toothed ; berry globose, crowned by the
short limb of the calyx. 1? . S. Native of Brazil, within the
tropic. Tetramerium stipulaceum, Cham, et Schlecht. in Lin-
naea. 4. p. 31. Flowers white. Habit of F. jasminoides, but
differs in the dorsal awn to the stipulas.
Stipulaceous Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
9 F. cceru'lea (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptic, acute at both
ends ; stipulas dilated at the base, and ending in a short awn at
the apex ; peduncles axillary, usually 3-flowered ; limb of calyx
acutely 5-toothed, 6 times shorter than the tube of the corolla.
Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Tetramerium coeruleum, Nees et
Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 12. Peduncles and branches 2-
edged. Corolla of an amethyst colour, with lanceolate segments.
Blue-d owered Faramea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
10 F. axillariflo'ra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 673.) leaves sessile,
ovate-oblong, cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex ; sti-
pulas ending in a long-awned acumen ; branches much compres-
sed ; flowers on short pedicels, in fascicled corymbs from the
axils of the leaves. T? . S. Native of Brazil, about Bahia,
where it was collected by Salzmann, G. Don, &c. Flowers
white. Fruit exactly like that of F. odoratissima. Leaves 7-8
inches long, and about 3 broad.
Axillary-flowered Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
11 F, Guayaquile'nsis (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumi-
nated, almost sessile; stipulas oblong, acuminated, and a little
awned, permanent : upper ones bifid on both sides ; panicle ter-
RUBIACE7E. CLXVI. Faramea. CLXVII. Strempelia. CLXVIII. Coffea.
579
minal, trichotomous, divaricate. ^ . S. Native of Guayaquil.
Tetramerium multiflorum, Bartl. in herb. Haenke. Flowers
white ? Stipulas different in form from any other species.
Guayaquil Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
* * Stipulas never ending in an awn.
12 F. jasminoides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 497.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas ovate, large, acutish ;
corymbs terminal ; calyx urceolate, with 4 long teeth ; berry glo-
bose, crowned by the short limb of the calyx. 1/ . ? S. Native
of New Granada, near Ibague. Tetramerium jasminoides, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 373. t. 287. Coffea flavicans,
Willd. mss. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 201. Branches
tetragonal. Leaves pale green, yellowish beneath. Lobes of
corolla one-half shorter than the tube. Flowers white.
Jasmine-like F'aramea. Shrub.
13 F .1 sessilifo'lia (D. C. 1, c.) leaves oblong, acuminated,
cordate, sessile ; stipulas ovate, acuminately subulate ; corymbs
terminal, trichotomous ; limb of calyx urceolate, 4-toothed. Tj .
S. Native in woods on the banks of the Orinoco, between May-
pure and St. Fernando de Atabapo. Tetramerium sessilifo-
lium, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 374. Ixora sessili-
folia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 409. Flowers white. Anthers pro-
bably exserted. From the fruit being unknown, it is doubtful
whether it belongs to the present genus.
Sessile-leaved Faramea. Shrub.
14 F. multiflo'ra (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5.
p. 176.) leaves oval-elliptic, acuminated, abruptly petiolate ; sti-
pulas interpetiolar, connate, sheath-formed, acuminated ; flowers
corymbose, terminal. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana.
Many-flowered Faramea. Shrub.
15 F. calyciflo'ra (A. Rich, l.c.) leaves elliptic, acuminated;
stipulas interpetiolar, acuminated ; flowers spiked ; spikes ter-
minal, pedunculate ; limb of calyx tubular, large, permanent.
*2 . S. Native of French Guiana. From the calyx being per-
manent, it does not probably belong to the present genus.
Calyx-Jlomered Faramea. Shrub.
Sect. III. Farameoides (from faramea, and idea, like ; but
is meant only as an alteration of the generic name). D. C. prod.
4. p. 498. Panicles thyrsoid, terminal.
16 F. albe'scens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 498.) panicle terminal,
pedunculate, having its branches bearing umbels of flowers at
the apex ; calyx truncate. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana.
Branchlets compressedly angular. Leaves oblong, acuminated
at both ends, shining on both surfaces, pale green. Stipulas
acute, deciduous while young. Peduncles 2-edged, furnished
with 3-4 pairs of branches. Panicles white, one-half shorter
than the leaves. Corollas elongated, very like those of F. trun-
cata.
Whitish- panicled Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
17 F. MartIni (D. C. 1. c.) panicles terminal, on short pe-
duncles, shorter than the leaves ; branches corymbose at the
apex ; calyx hardly toothed ; leaves large, oval ; anthers ex-
serted at the throat. Tj • S. Native of Guiana, at Mount Kaw,
where it was collected by Martin. Branchlets compressed. Sti-
pulas broad, short, permanent. Leaves glabrous, membranous,
attenuated at the base. Lobes of corolla 4, a little longer than
the tube. Calyx urceolate. Fruit unknown.
Martin's Faramea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Coffea, p. 584.
CLXVII. STREMPE'LIA (named after Charles Frederick
Strempel, author of Filicum Berolinensium Synopsis, Berlin,
1822-1828). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 180. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 498.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
obovate-globose tube, and a campanulately tubular 4-5-toothed
limb. Corolla tubular, terete, with a 4-5-parted spreading limb,
lanceolate acute segments, and a naked throat. Stamens in-
serted in the middle of the tube ; filaments beset with short
hairs in the free part; anthers linear, inclosed. Fruit ovoid,
striated, fleshy, crowned by the tubular limb of the calyx, con-
taining 2 bony 1-seeded indehiscent nuts, which are flat on the
inside, and furrowed in the middle. Seed erect. Embryo nearly
terete. — A Guiana shrub. Leaves opposite, elliptic. Stipulas
fringed. Flowers sessile, umbellate on the tops of the peduncles.
1 S. Guiane'nsis (A. Rich. 1. c.) • S. Native of French
Guiana.
Guiana Strempelia. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Coffea, p. 584.
CLXVIII. COFFE'A (so named from CafFee, a province of
Narea in Africa, where the common coffee grows in abundance).
Lin. gen. no. 230. exclusive of some species. Gaertn. fr. 1 . p.
118. t. 25. Lam. ill. t. 160. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 379. D. C.
prod. 4. p. 498.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
ovate, globose or turbinate tube, and a small 4-5-toothed limb
(f. 107. a.). Corolla tubular, funnel-shaped, with a spreading
4- 5-parted limb (f. 107. b.), and oblong lobes. Stamens 4-5,
rising from the middle of the tube of the corolla, or from its
apex, exserted or inclosed. Style bifid at the apex, having the
lobes rarely combined. Berry umbilicate (f. 107. h.), naked or
crowned, containing 2 1-seeded nuts of the consistence of parch-
ment, which are convex on the outside, and flat inside, and
marked by a longitudinal furrow. Embryo erect, in horny albu-
men, with a terete obtuse radicle, and foliaceous cotyledons. —
Trees and shrubs. Leaves opposite. Stipulas interpetiolar.
This genus is probably divisible into several genera, but that
has not been attempted on account of specimens of the greater
number of the species being rare in European collections.
Sect. I. Coffe (altered from the generic name). Rai. hist,
pi. Juss. act. acad. sc. Par. 1713. D. C. prod. 4. p. 498. —
Coffea, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 168. t. 16. f. 2.
Tube of calyx very short, not increasing after flowering, but
always vanishing. Throat of corolla usually naked. Berry
ovate or globose. Stigma bifid. — Trees and shrubs. Stipulas
solitary on both sides, undivided, neither toothed nor ciliated.
Inflorescence axillary in the genuine species. Flowers from 4
to 7 cleft, but usually 5 cleft.
* Peduncles axillary. Flowers 5-7 -cleft, pentandrous or hep-
tandrous.
1 C. Ara'bica (Lin. spec. p.
245.) leaves oval-oblong, acumi-
nated, glabrous, shining on the
upper surface ; peduncles axil-
lary, short, aggregate ; corolla
5- cleft : anthers exserted ; ber-
ries ovate. J? . S. Native of
Arabia Felix and .Ethiopia,
from whence it has been carried
to almost all parts of the world
within the tropics. Gaertn. fruct.
1. t. 25. Sims, bot. mag. 1303.
Tratt. tab. t. 400. Tuss. ant.
t. 18. Delaun. herb. amat. t.
285. Church, ad Steph. med.
bot. 4. t. 182. C. laurifolia,
Salisb. prod. p. 62. — Juss.
act. ac. par. 1713. t. 7. Ellis, mon. 1774. in 4to. Till,
pis. t. 32. Pluk. aim. t. 272. f. 1. Alp. egypt. t. 36. Blackw.
4 e 2
FIG. 107.
580
RUBIACE^E. CLXVIII. Coffea.
herb. t. 337. Plench. icon. t. 130. Stipulas awl-sliaped, undi-
vided. Leaves wavy, dark-green and shining above, paler be-
neath. Flowers white, sweet-scented, disposed in axillary clus-
ters of 4-5. Berries red, cherry-formed. The seeds or nuts
are involved in a thin elastic pellucid aril. The coffee-tree is
frequently cultivated in the hot-houses of our gardens for orna-
ment, where it both flowers and ripens its fruit. It is propa-
gated by the berries, which must be sown soon after they are
gathered, or they will not vegetate. Cotyledons transversely
ovate, 3-nerved at the base, and emarginate at the apex.
Few vegetable substances have been more generally esteemed
for their medicinal and dietetic properties than the berries of the
coffee-tree. The plant is fully described by Ellis and several
other writers. The coffee-tree is generally regarded as a native
of Arabia, but Bruce says it derives its name from Coffee, a pro-
vince of Narea, in Africa, where it grows spontaneously in great
abundance. The plant does not appear to have been known by
the Greeks or Romans, nor are there any facts respecting its
origin in the East. It has been well ascertained, however, that
the berries were imported into every part of Europe, and used as
a favourite beverage, long before it was known of what plant
they were the product. Prosper Alpinus has seen the coffee-
tree, without fructification, in some gardens in Egypt; but the
first intelligible botanical account was published by Ant. de Jus-
sieu, in the Mem. Acad. Scienc. Paris, in 1713. We are in-
formed by Boerhaave, in his Index to the Leyden Garden, that it
was first introduced into Europe by Nicholas Wisten, a burgo-
master of Amsterdam, and chairman of the Dutch East India
Company, who gave directions to the governor of Batavia to
procure seed from Mocha, in Arabia Felix. These being sown
in the Island of Java, several plants were procured, and one was
transmitted by Wisten, about the year 1610, to the botanic
garden at Amsterdam. From the progeny of this plant, not
only the principal botanic gardens in Europe, but also the West
India Islands, were supplied with this valuable tree. Soon after
its introduction into Holland, it was cultivated by Bishop Comp-
ton, at Fulham.
In Arabia the fruit is dried in the sun upon mats, and the
outer coat is separated by means of a large stone cylinder. It
is again placed in the sun, winnowed, and packed up in bales.
In the West India Islands, as soon as the fruit is of a deep red
colour, it is reckoned to be ready for being gathered. Large linen
bags, kept open by means of hoops round their mouths, is sus-
pended by the negroes from their necks, who pull the berries with
their hands, and, after filling the bags, empty them into a large
basket. A single negro can easily collect three bushels in a day.
As the berries do not ripen together, they are collected at three
different gatherings. One thousand pounds of good coffee are
produced from one hundred bushels of the berries just from the
tree. The coffee-berries may now be dried in two different
ways. The first method is to place them in the sun, in layers of
four inches thick, on inclined planes. In a few days the pulp is
discharged by fermentation, and in about three weeks the coffee
is completely dry. The skin of the berries, already broken, is
removed by mills, or in wooden mortars. The second method
is to separate the grain from the pulp at once, by means of a
mill, and the grains are then left to soak in water for twenty-four
hours. They are afterwards dried, and then stripped of the
pellicle, or parchment, as it is called, by means of appropriate
mills. The grains of coffee are afterwards winnowed, and min-
gled with the grindings and dust of the parchment, in which
state they are put up into bags for sale.
Culture. — The coffee-tree is less cultivated in Jamaica than in
Barbadoes, St. Domingo, and some other islands in the West
Indies. Richness of soil lessens the flavour of the seeds ; on
this account, coffee produced in the dry, hot, arid climate of
Arabia is always better than that from the West India Islands.
In cultivating the coffee in the West Indies, the berries are sown
immediately after being gathered, as they are found to retain
their vegetative quality only a few weeks. In three months the
seeds so sown produce plants fit for transplanting to the final
plantation. In the low lands they are planted five feet apart, and
in the mountains ten feet or more. In three years the plants will
produce a crop, and continue bearing a number of years. The
berries are gathered when they are just about to drop.
Qualities and chemical properties. — When the seeds of coffee
are roasted, a portion is converted into tannin by the action of
heat, and an agreeable aromatic substance is developed, the na-
ture of which has not been ascertained. The same principle is
also developed by roasting barley, beans, and many other vege-
tables, which, on that account, are occasionally employed as
substitutes for coffee, and suit some stomachs better. The in-
fusion of unroasted coffee in boiling water is of a yellowish
green colour ; but the decoction, by continuing the boiling, be-
comes brown, and turbid on cooling. From experiments made
chiefly by Cadet, it appears that coffee contains an aromatic
principle, a little oil, gallic acid, mucilage, extractive and bitter
principle. Other analyses have been made by chemists. M.
Grindel found it to contain kinic acid, and M. Paysse has dis-
covered what he has endeavoured to show as a peculiar acid, to
which he has given the name of coffee acid. More recently, M.
Robiquet is said to have demonstrated another principle, which
he names Caffeine. It is in silk-like acicular crystals, bearing a
resemblance to Benzoic acid. It liquefies by the aid of a gentle
heat ; in close vessels it volatilizes, and sublimes in needles.
Cafeine is neither acid nor alkaline ; it furnishes a great quan-
tity of azote ; it dissolves with difficulty in ether, but quickly in
water and alcohol.
Medical properties and uses. — It is evident that we are in-
debted to the Arabians for our use of this pleasant beverage, as
the first rite of Eastern hospitality is the presentation of a bowl
of coffee. In Europe it is said to have been first used in Italy,
in the year 1650 ; and, according to Dulaine, was introduced at
the court of Paris, in 1669, by Soliman Aga, ambassador from
the Porte. An Armenian, named Pascal, opened the first Cafe,
and Procope the second, in “ Rue des Fosses, Saint Germain des
Pres.” Nearly at the same time coffee was introduced into
London.
By some, coffee is supposed to be best suited to the aged ;
and its abuse, as when taken too strong, is said to impair diges-
tion, instead of promoting it ; and it stimulates, heats, and pro-
duces watchfulness in certain constitutions. The Mahometans
of India, who use a great deal of coffee in the same way as we
do, with the exception of combining milk with it, believe it to
have the effect of soothing and allaying nervous irritations, and
prescribe it to stop the vomiting in cholera morbus. Dr. Ainslie
also states, that it is often employed for the same purposes by
the Spaniards at Manilla. It is said that Sir John Floyer, dur-
ing his residence in Lichfield, found great benefit in his own
person by the use of coffee in asthma. Sir John confirms its
success in a letter to Dr. Percival ; “ On reading the section of
coffee,” says he, “ in the second volume of your essays, one
quality occurred to me which I had observed of that liquor,
confirming what you had said of its sedative powers. It is the
best abater of periodic asthma that I have seen. The coffee
ought to be the best Mocha, newly burnt, and made very strong
immediately after grinding it. I have commonly ordered an
ounce for one dish, which is to be repeated afresh after the in-
terval of a quarter of an hour, without milk or sugar.” Perci-
val’s Essays, vol. iii.
As a general palliative, strong coffee is often serviceable in
various kinds of head-ache ; and where its own sedative power
RUBIACEiE. CLXVIII. Coffea.
581
is unavailing, it forms one of the best vehicles for the adminis-
tration of laudanum. It diminishes in some degree the hypnotic
power of the latter, but counteracts its distressing secondary
effects. When laudanum is intermixed with strong coffee for
the cure of many modifications of head-ache, tranquillity and
ease are produced, though there may be no sleep ; when lauda-
num, on the contrary, is taken alone, sleep will, perhaps, follow,
but is mostly succeeded by nausea and a return of pain. Hence
the Turks and Arabians make strong coffee their common vehicle
for opium, from its tendency to counteract the narcotic principle
of the latter ; and on the same account it is plentifully adminis-
tered after the stomach has been evacuated of its contents, in
cases of poisoning by opium.
For common purposes, infusion of coffee is the most agreeable
method of preparing it, as the aromatic and volatile principles
are dissipated by boiling.
Coffee is named by the Persians Co/iwa and Coho ; by the
Turks, Chanbe and Cahvey ; by the Arabians, Cachua, Caoua,
Caffaye, and Caliouah; and by the Egyptians, Eleave. In Ger-
many it is called Arabische Kafferbaum ; in Cochin China, Cay-
cajihe.
The Galla, a wandering nation of Africa, in their incursions
in Abyssinia, being obliged to traverse immense deserts, and
being also desirous of falling on the Abyssinians without warn-
ing, that they may be encumbered as little as possible with bag-
gage, carry nothing with them to eat, but coffee roasted till it
can be pulverized, and then mixed with butter into balls, and
put into a leathern bag : one of these, about the size of a bil-
liard-ball, keeps them, they say, in strength and spirits during a
whole day’s fatigue, better than a loaf of bread, or a meal of
meat.
Arabian or Common Coffee-tree. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1696.
Shrub 5 to 15 feet.
2 C. Mauritia'na (Lam. diet. 1. p. 550. ill. t. 160. f. 2.)
leaves oval, acute at both ends, reticulately veined ; peduncles
axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, very short ; berries oblong, acute
at the base. 1? . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, in the
woods. C. Arabica /3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 974. C. sylvestris,
Willd. mss. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 201. Flowers
white. Ihis species is known in the Island of Bourbon under
the name of Cafe-Marron, but should not be confounded with the
variety of C. Arabica, known in commerce under the name of
Cafe Bourbon, or Bourbon Coffee.
Mauritian Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
3 C. Benghale'nsis (Roxb. liort. beng. p. 15. fl. ind. 2. p.
194.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends ; flowers axil-
lary, rather aggregate, sessile ; stipulas undivided, subulate,
much acuminated ; corolla 5-cleft, with oblong lobes ; anthers
inclosed. J? . S. Native of Bengal, but chiefly about Silhet ;
andofNipaul. Roth. nov. spec. 148. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 200. Branches so placed as to form a bush of a pyramidal
form. Leaves from ovate to oblong, glabrous. Flowers 1-3
together or more, axillary, white, sweet-scented. Berry black,
size of a small cherry. It was for some time much cultivated
in Bengal, under the idea of its being the Arabian Coffee; it is
now neglected, being of inferior quality, and not productive ;
however, the number of its flowers entitle it to a conspicuous
place in the flower-garden.
Bengal Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 C. stenopiiy'lla ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated;
peduncles almost sessile, axillary, 2-3-flowered. Tj • S. Native
of Sierra Leone, where it is cultivated. Flowers white. Ber-
ries oblong, black. The seeds of this species are roasted and
used as the common coffee, and are even considered superior
to it.
Narrow-leaved Coffee-tree". Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
5 C. hirsu'tus ; leaves ovate, acuminated, on short petioles ;
young branches, petioles, and veins of leaves hairy ; peduncles
axillary, 3-flowered. 1? • S. Native of Sierra Leone, in the low
lands. Flowers white.
Hairy Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
6 C. ? microca'rpa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 499.) leaves elliptic-
oblong, short-acuminated, and are, as well as the branches, quite
glabrous ; flowers in fascicles along the branches, after the fall-
ing of the leaves, and therefore they appear as if they were dis-
posed in interrupted racemes, but in fact the flowers are merely
in fascicles from the axils of the fallen leaves ; fruit elliptic, 3
times longer than their pedicels, and crowned by the cup-shaped
limb of the calyx. . S. Native of Africa in Casamancia,
in woods, at Cape Rouge, where it was collected by Perrottet
and Leprieur. Leaves 2\ inches long, and 8-9 lines broad.
Stipulas solitary, undivided, acuminately subulate, deciduous.
Flowers white.
Small-fruited Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
7 C. laurina (Smeathm. in herb. L’Her. et D. C. prod. 4.
p. 499.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, cuneated at the
base, coriaceous, quite glabrous ; racemes axillary, crowded with
flowers, much shorter than the leaves ; corolla 5-cleft, with a
villous throat ; anthers exserted, but rather shorter than the
lobes of the corolla ; berries globose. J? . S. Native of Sierra
Leone. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 14. Leaves yellowish in the dried
state. Calyx truncate. Corollas white.
Laurel-like Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
8 C. ? stipula'cea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) leaves elliptic or
oblong, petiolate, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas foliaceous,
oblong, acute, striated lengthwise, deciduous ; peduncles axil-
lary, very long, corymbose at the apex, trichotomous. T? . S.
Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris.
Limb of calyx obscurely but acutely 5 -toothed. Flowers un-
known. Berries ovate, not crowned. Peduncles 6 inches
long.
Stipulaceous Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
9 C. peduncula'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 195.) leaves elliptic,
almost sessile, smooth ; peduncles terminal and axillary, in fasci-
cles, long, 1 -flowered ; tube of the corolla slender, smooth;
stamens inclosed. I? . S. Native of the Moluccas.
Pedunculated Coffee-tree. Shrub.
* * Peduncles axillary. Flowers telramerous and tetrandrous.
— Ixora species, Spreng.
10 C. Guiane’nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 150. t. 57.) leaves
ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminated, quite glabrous; peduncles
axillary, aggregate, very short, 1-flowered ; corollas 4-cleft, with
acute lobes ; anthers inclosed ; berries globose, small. 1? . S.
Native of French Guiana, and of the Island of Trinidad, ex
Sieb. fl. trin. no. 44. Ixora Guianensis, Spreng. syst. I. p.
409. Flowers small, white. Berries violaceous.
Guiana Coffee-tree. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
1 1 C. rosea (Mo-c. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ind. ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 499.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends,
glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 5-flowered, much shorter than the
leaves ; corollas 4-cleft, with revolute lobes ; anthers exserted ;
berries globose. I? S. Native of Mexico. Corollas rose-
coloured. Berries reddish, size of a pea.
/?ose-coloured- flowered Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
12 C. obova'ta (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 6. p. 412.)
glabrous; leaves obovate, cuneated, acuminated, acute, feather-
veined ; cymes axillary, almost sessile, aggregate, short, many-
flowered ; stipulas ovate-triangular, caducous. J? . S. Native
of Mexico, in shady places, near Masantla. Leaves half a foot
long. Tube of the calyx ovate, with short acute teeth. Corolla
with a short tube and a naked throat. Anthers linear, exserted.
582
RUBIACEdE. CLXVIII. Coffea.
Obovate- leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
13 C. lanceola'ta (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 6. p.
412.) stems, petioles, nerves, and primary veins of leaves under-
neath downy ; leaves lanceolate, glaucescent beneath, feather-
veined ; cymes axillary, usually solitary, few-flowered, on short
peduncles ; stipulas small, ovate-triangular, caducous. 1? . S.
Native of Mexico, near Jalapa. Leaves 2-3 inches long, acumi-
nated. Calyx with a clavate tube, and small acute teeth. An-
thers linear, exserted.
Lanceolate- leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
14 C. tetra'ndra (Roxb. fl. ind. 2 p. 193.) leaves broad-
lanceolate, acute, shining ; stipulas bifid ; peduncles axillary and
terminal, in fascicles, long, slender, 1-flowered; corollas usually
4-cleft, with a long slender tube ; anthers inclosed ; berries glo-
bose. Tj . S. Native of Silhet and Chittagong, and the whole
east border of Bengal. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and hardly 2
broad. Corolla with a 4-5-cleft border. Stamens 4-5. Berries
size of a small cherry, blackish-purple when ripe, 1 or 2-celled.
An erect slender-branched Shrub.
Tetrandrous- flowered Coffee-tree. Shrub.
15 C. densiflora (Blum, bijdr. p. 965.) leaves oval-oblong,
acuminated, clothed with fine down on the veins beneath ;
flowers crowded, axillary ; corollas 5-cleft. T? . S. Native of
Java, on Mount Salak. There are varieties of this with smaller
and larger flowers.
Dense-flowered Coffee-tree. Shrub.
16 C. angustifo'lia (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 195.) leaves lanceo-
late, stiff, shining ; panicles axillary ; throat of corolla bearded ;
lobes of corolla linear, longer than the tube, but equal to the an-
thers, which are filiform and exserted. . S. Native of
Pigeon Island, one of the Malay Archipelago.
Narrow-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
17 C. racemosa (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 64. t. 214. f. a.
but not of Lour.) leaves oblong-oval, acuminated, glabrous ; sti-
pulas bifid ; racemes axillary and terminal, drooping while in
flower, but erect in the fruit-bearing state ; flowers almost ses-
sile, 5-cleft ; anthers exserted ; berry oval. Ij • S. Native of
Peru, in groves at Pati and Macora, where it is called Cafe.
Rudgea racemosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 755. Flowers white.
Racemose Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
18 C. Zanqueba’ri^ (Lour. coch. p. 145.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, many-together, short,
1-flowered; corollas 6-7-cleft; berries oblong-ovate, angularly
nerved. T? . S. Native of Africa, on the coast of Zanquebar,
in woods. Amajoua Africana, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 126. Flowers
white. Berries red. This species is cultivated near Mozam-
bique in gardens along with C. Arabica, and where the seeds are
used as a substitute for the common coffee.
Zanquebar Coffee-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
19 C. Fndica (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 14.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, glabrous ; stipulas very short, undivided ; panicles
short, divaricate, terminal ; pedicels elongated ; fruit small, ob-
obovate, not crowned by the calyx. Ij . S. Native of Java.
Flowers unknown.
Indian Coffee-tree. Shrub.
* * * Panicles terminal. Flowers 4-5-parted, tetrandrous or
pentandrous.
20 C. panicula'ta (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 152. t. 58.) leaves
ovate-oblong, acuminated, shining ; branches tetragonal ; stipu-
las acute, caducous ; panicles terminal, divaricate; flowers 4-cleft ;
anthers inclosed. 1? . S. Native of Guiana, in woods. Tetra-
m&rium paniculatum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 409. Flowers white,
sweet-scented. Berries ovate-globose, bluish, containing 2 seeds
or nuts, one of which is usually abortive.
Panicled-R owered Coffee-tree. Clt. 1822. Sh. 6 to 8 feet.
21 C. Mozambica'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 500.) leaves ovate-
lanceolate, scabrous from tubercles ; racemes terminal, erect,
brachiate ; peduncles tetragonal. 1? . S. Native of the eastern
coast of Africa, in the island in Mozambique Channel. C. ramosa,
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 198. C. racemosa, Lour. coch.
p. 145. but not of Ruiz et Pav. The flowers are unknown, but
are probably tetrandrous. Berries small, red, watery, roundish,
1-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds truncate, marked by a furrow inside.
Mozambique Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 feet.
22 C. semiexse'rta (Colebr. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 195.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated ; corymbs terminal. . S.
Native of Bengal, in Silhet. Berries purple, size of large peas.
Habit of Ixdra.
Half-exserted- stamened Coffee-tree. Shrub.
Sect. II. Ho'rnia (named after M. Van Horn, who, in the
year 1690, carried coffee from Arabia to Batavia, and in the
year 1710 to the gardens of Amsterdam). D. C. prod. 4. p. 500.
Tube of calyx increasing after the flowers have fallen, and
crowning the berry by a neck, having the teeth almost obsolete.
Flowers 5-cleft. Stigma bifid. Throat of corolla glabrous.
Berry ovate or globose, usually 1 -seeded from abortion. — Shrubs,
natives of Peru. Inflorescence axillary or terminal. Stipulas soli-
tary on both sides, undivided, never toothed nor ciliated.
23 C. subse'ssius (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 64. t. 215.
lower figure,) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, sessile, oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminated, excavated at the base ; stipulas ovate ; racemes
axillary, trichotomous, shorter than the leaves. . S. Native
of Peru, on the Andes in forests at Chinchao, Quebrada, and
Pati. Coffea macrophylla, Dietr. nachtr. 2. p. 344. Leaves
a foot long, shining above. Peduncles quadrangular. Berries
ovate, at first red, but at last becoming purplish, ovate, 1-seeded,
size of cherries. Probably a species of Faramea.
NmiZe-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
24 C. umbella'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 64. t. 215. up-
per figure,) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, petiolate, oblong, acumi-
nated, nerved by transverse veins ; stipulas roundish ; peduncles
terminal, usually by threes ; flowers crowded, umbellate, invo-
lucrated. S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in forests.
Branches dichotomous, rather tetragonal. Involucrum 4-leaved,
and involucels 7-leaved. Berries red, ovate.
Umbellate-^ owered Coffee-tree. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
25 C. ? acumina'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 64. t. 214. f.
b.) leaves petiolate, oval, acuminated, glabrous, villous in the
axils of the veins ; stipulas ovate, deciduous ; racemes terminal,
few-flowered ; flowers crowded. J? . S. Native of Peru, on
the Andes in forests. Branches tetragonal, a little compressed.
Corollas white, 5-cleft (ex descript.), with revolute segments.
Berries oval, red, 1-seeded, size of cherries, blunt at the apex,
crowned by the tubular limb of the calyx.
Acuminated- leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Sect. III. Pancra'sia (named after M. Pancras, who first
transmitted the coffee-tree from the gardens of Amsterdam to
those of Paris, in the year 1713). D. C. prod. 4. p. 501.
Throat of corolla bearded. Berries crowned by the vestiges of
the calyx. Racemes or corymbs terminal. Stipulas usually
fringed or ciliately toothed, as in Rudgea, but differs from that
genus in the calyx not being parted, and in the lobes of the
corolla not being horned. Flowers 5-cleft. — Glabrous Peruvian
shrubs.
* Stijmlas ciliated.
26 C. cieia'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 65. t. 216. f. a.)
leaves oblong, acuminated ; stipulas truncate, ciliated : racemes
subpanicled, terminal ; flowers aggregate, sessile, 4-5-cleft ;
RUBIACE^. CLXVIII. Coffea.
583
anthers exserted. Fj . S. Native of Peru, in forests on the
Andes. Rudgea ciliata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 755. Branches
thickened at the nodi. Bracteas small, subulate, at the ramifi-
cations of the panicle. Corollas white, with reflexed segments.
Berries red, globose. Perhaps the same as C. ciliata of Brazil,
which was collected on the road to Felisbert, by the Prince de
Neuwied, but according to Nees and Martins, in nov. act. bonn.
12. p. 13., it differs from the Peruvian plant in the racemes
being shorter.
Ciliated- bractead Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
27 C. foveola'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. G5. t. 216. f.
b.) leaves oblong-oval, acuminated, with pits in the axils of the
veins beneath ; stipulas ovate, ciliated with glands while young ;
panicles terminal ; anthers exserted. Fj . S. Native of Peru,
in forests on the Andes. Psychotria foveolata, Spreng. syst. 1 .
p. 746. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Psychotria scrobiculata, Spreng.
fil. ind, p. 572. Bracteas small, subulate. Corollas white,
but pale purple on the outside. Berries reddish, depressed at
both ends.
Pitted-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
28 C. Mexica'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 501.) leaves oblong,
acuminated, reticulately veined beneath ; stipulas crested ; co-
rymbs terminal, trifid ; limb of calyx truncate, obtuse. Fj . S.
Native of Mexico. Rudgea Mexicana, Bartl. in herb. Haenke.
Branches dichotomous. Fruit dry, indehiscent, chartaceous, the
nuts separating at length from each other. Seeds hemispheri-
cal, having a very narrow furrow in front. It differs from Rud-
gea in the limb of the calyx not being 5-parted, but quite entire.
Mexican Coffee-tree. Shrub.
29 C. ni'tida (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 65. t. 217. f. a.)
leaves oblong, bluntly acuminated, shining ; stipulas truncate,
ciliated; panicles terminal; flowers sessile; anthers inclosed.
F? . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in forests. Rudgea nitida,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 755. exclusive of the synonymes of Kunth.
Branches compressed. Stipulas covered with white linear glands
on the outside. Corollas white. Berries red, globose, size of
peas.
Shining-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
30 C. laurifo'lia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
372. but not of Salisb.) leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated,
coriaceous, shining; stipulas ciliately multifid ; corymbs termi-
nal ; berries elliptic. b • Native of South America, in
shady humid places at the Missions of the Orinoco. Coffea co-
riicea, Willd. mss. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 201. ex
Kunth. Corolla and stamens unknown. Perhaps a species of
Psychotria, ex A. Rich. ?
Laurel-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub 12 to 20 feet.
31 C. verticilla'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 66. t. 217. f.
b.) leaves oblong-lanceolate and obovate, acuminated ; stipulas
ovate, ciliated ; panicles terminal; branches of panicle in whorles
of fours ; anthers exserted. b • 8* Native of Peru, in forests
on the Andes. Rudgea verticillata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 755.
Bracteas small, setaceous. Calyx small, ciliated. Flowers ses-
sile, white, on the tops of the ramifications of the panicle.
Whorled- panicled Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
* * Stipulas undivided or bidentate. but never ciliated.
32 C. longifo'lia (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 66. t. 218. f. a.)
leaves oblong-lanceolate, repandly undulated ; stipulas ovate, un-
divided ; panicles terminal ; anthers exserted. Fj . S. Native of
Peru, in forests on the Andes. Leaves shining above, a foot
long. Corolla white with reflexed segments. Berries globose,
red.
Long-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
33 C. microca'rpa (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 66. t. 218. f.
b.) leaves lanceolate, acute ; stipulas bidentate on both sides ;
cymes axillary and terminal, spreading ; anthers hardly exserted.
b . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in forests. Branches a
little compressed at the apex. Bracteas subulate. Corollas
white, downy on the outside. Berries reddish, globose, size of
black pepper. Perhaps belonging to a different section.
Small-fruited Coffee-tree. Shrub.
34 C. spica'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 371.
t. 286.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, coriaceous, shining ; sti-
pulas connate, bidentate on both sides; spikes terminal ; flowers
sessile, disposed in whorles ; lobes of corolla ending each in a
callous horn. Fj . S. Native of New Granada. Rudgea spi-
cata, Spreng. syst. 1. p.755. Tube of corolla villous inside.
Fruit unknown. Perhaps a species of Psychotria.
Spiked-d owered Coffee-tree. Shrub.
35 C. oleifo'lia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 372.)
leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated, coriaceous, shining ; stipu-
las truncate ; corymbs terminal. Fj . S. Native of South Ame-
rica, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Tetramerium oleaefolium,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 409. Branches slightly 5 -angled. Corolla
5-cleft, ex Kunth, 4-cleft, ex Mutis. Fruit unknown. Perhaps
a species of Mapohria according to A. Rich.
Olive-leaved Coffee-tree. Shrub.
Sect. IV. Strai/ssia (named after Laurence Strauss, who
was the first, in 1666, to recommend coffee as a beverage).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 502. Berries turbinate or acuminated at the
base. Stipulas ovate, deciduous, ciliated on the lower margin of
the cicatrices. Flowers 4-6-cleft. Stamens 4-6. Stigma bifid.
Berries globose or oval. — Shrubs, natives of the islands in the
South sea. Cymes terminal.
36 C. Luzonie'nsis (Cham, et Schlecht. 4. p. 32.) leaves lan-
ceolate, acute at both ends, with rather reflexed margins ; stipu-
las ovate-oblong, rather scarious, deciduous, with the cicatrices
rather ciliated at the margins ; cymes terminal, sessile, contracted
while young ; flowers 4-6-cleft ; throat of corolla bearded. F2 .
S. Native of the Island of Luzon. Corolla white, glabrous.
Anthers exserted a little. The central flower is 5-cleft, and the
rest either 4 or 5-cleft. Berries almost globose, acute at the
base, sometimes 1 -seeded by abortion. Branches fistular.
Luzon Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
37 C. Kadua'na (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 33.)
leaves cuneate-obovate, somewhat scrobiculate in the axils of
the veins, with reflexed margins, usually clothed with rufescent
down beneath ; stipulas ovate, acute, caducous, the inner mar-
gins of the cicatrices ciliated ; cymes terminal, on long peduncles,
of 5 rays, 4 of which are disposed in a whorl around the other,
which is central ; corolla 5-cleft, with a naked throat. T? . S.
Native of the Sandwich Islands, particularly in O-Wahu. Berry
elliptic, attenuated at the base, rarely 1 -seeded by abortion.
Branches compressed. Mr. Arnott remarked, that the segments
of the calyx are not ciliated as stated by the authors, although
the bracteas are.
Kadu’s Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
38 C. Chammissonis (Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 86.) leaves elliptic-oblong, scrobiculate in the axils of the
veins, with reflexed margins, quite glabrous on both surfaces ;
stipulas ovate, caducous, having the inner margins of the cica-
trices glabrous ; cymes on long peduncles of 5 rays, which are
disposed in a whorl ; corolla 5-cleft, with a naked throat. Fj . S.
Native of the Sandwich Islands. Very like the preceding.
Chammisso' s Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
39 C. Marinia'na (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 35.)
leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, scrobiculate in the axils of the
veins ; stipulas ovate, deciduous, with the inner margins of the
cicatrices ciliated ; cymes terminal, pedunculate, with the branch-
lets decussate ; corolla 5-cleft, with a bearded throat. Fj . S.
1
584 RUBIACE-ZE. CLXVIII (a). Rudgea. CLXIX. Antherura. CLXX. Ronabea. CLXXI. Psychotria.
Native of the Island of O-Wahu, in forests on the mountains.
Branches and branchlets of panicle compressed.
Marin's Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. All the species of Coffea thrive well in a mixture of
turfy loam, turfy peat, and sand. They require to be watered
a good deal, and to have plenty of pot-room to thrive well. Ripe
cuttings strike root freely in sand under a hand-glass in a moist
heat ; and the young plants so raised, produce flowers and fruit
more readily than those raised from seed. As the plants are
apt to be infested by insects, particularly the mealy bug, they
should be examined often, and the insects rubbed off with a
brush, otherwise the plants will look unsightly.
CLXVIII (a). RU DGEA (named by Salisbury after Edward
Rudge, F. R. and L. S., author of Plantarum Guianse Rariorum,
leones et Descriptiones, 2 vol. fol. London, 1805). Salisb. in
Lin. trans. 8. p. 327. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 381. D. C. prod.
4. p. 503.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate-
globose tube, and a 5-parted limb ; lobes acute. Corolla with
a long slender terete tube, 5 linear spreadingly recurved seg-
ments, which are hooked on the back and acute, and a naked
throat. Anthers sessile, within the throat, inclosed. Stigma
bilamellate. Fruit 2-celled, 2-seeded. — Trees or shrubs, natives
of Guiana. Branchlets and petioles clothed with cinereous
down. Leaves opposite, large, smoothish. Stipulas interpe-
tiolar, large, ovate, fringed, deciduous. Panicles terminal, dense,
bracteolate, with the branches opposite. Flowers blackish in
the dried state, but most probably white in the recent state.
Fruit not sufficiently known.
1 R. lancEjEfo'lia (Salisb. 1. c. t. 18.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated; tube of corolla 10 times longer than the lobes of
the calyx. T? • S. Native of French Guiana. Leaves 10 inches
long, and about 3 broad. Corolla downy outside.
Lance-leaved Rudgea. Shrub or tree.
2 R. ovalifolia (Salisb. 1. c. t. 19.) leaves oval, acuminated ;
tube of corolla 6 times longer than the lobes of the calyx.
1? . S. Native of French Guiana. Leaves 4-5 inches broad, and
7-8 long. Corolla downy outside.
Oval-leaved Rudgea. Shrub or tree.
Cult. See Coffea above for culture and propagation.
CLXIX. ANTHERU'RA (from ardripa, anthera, an anther,
and ovpa, oura, a tail ; the anthers end in a long tail each).
Lour. coch. p. 144. D. C. prod. 4. p. 503. — Psychotria species,
Willd. Poir.
Lin. syst. Pent&ndria, Monogynia. All as in Psychotria,
but the corolla is rotate and 5-parted ; the anthers sagittate at
the base, and furnished with a long reflexed tail at the apex ;
the style subulate, and longer than the corolla, and the stigma
simple. — A glabrous shrub, with reddish diffuse branches.
Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, on short petioles. Panicles
terminal, erect, loose, racemose. Flowers white, with red fila-
ments. Berries ovate, brownish red. Stipulas unknown.
1 A. ru'bra (Lour. coch. p. 144.) T? . G. Native of Cochin-
china and the Moluccas. Caryophyllaster ruber, and probably
C.albus, Rumph. amb. 3. p. 136. Psychotria rubra, Poir. suppl.
4. t. 597. Psychotria Antherura, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
188. Leaves 2-3 inches long.
/?erf-branched Antherura. Shrub 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Coffea above.
CLXX. RONA'BEA (Aublet does not give the meaning of
this word). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 154. Lam. ill. t. 166. Juss.
gen. p. 205. mem. mus. 6. p. 380. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist.
nat. Par. 5. p. 270. D. C. prod. 4. p. 503. — Psychotria species,
Willd.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a small 5-toothed limb. Corolla oblong, rather funnel-
shaped, with 5 spreading acute lobes, and a naked throat. An-
thers 5, oblong, inclosed. Stigma bilamellate. Berry ovate, um-
bilicate, containing 2 1-seeded nuts, which are flat inside, and
convex outside. — Glabrous shrubs, natives of Guiana. Leaves
oval, acute, on short petioles. Stipulas solitary on both sides.
Peduncles axillary, 2-6-flowered, shorter than the petioles.
Flowers small, white. Bracteoles 2 under each flower. — Allied
to Psychotria, but differs in the berries not being ribbed. Per-
haps the species of Psychotria with axillary peduncles ought to
be joined to this genus.
1 R. latifolia (Aubl. guian. 1 . p. 1 55. t. 59.) stems flexuous ;
leaves ovate, ending in a short point, variegated with green and
blue above. T? . S. Native of Guiana, in woods at Oyac-Orapu
and Sinemari. Psychotria axillaris var. a, Willd. spec. 1. p.
962. Stems simple, nodose, twisted. Stipulas broad, acute.
Flowers white. Lobes of corolla pilose. Berries black.
Broad-leaved Ronabea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 R. ere'cta (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 156.) stems erect; leaves
ovate, acute, thin, greenish-yellow. Tj . S. Native of Guiana,
in woods along with the preceding. R. latifolia /3, Gmel. syst.
1. p. 365. Psychotria axillaris /3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 962. Leaves
4 inches long and broad. Flowers white. Berries black.
j Erect Ronabea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
3 R. ? myode'ndron (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. 5. p.
270.) leaves linear-lanceolate, very acute, petiolate ; flowers
disposed in few-flowered terminal corymbs ; fruit didymous,
hardly umbilicate. • S. Native of Brazil, where it is called
Herbo do rato. Flowers white.
Rat-tree Ronabea. Shrub.
4 R.? morindoides (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acumi-
nated, petiolate ; flowers small, crowded into many terminal
pedunculate pea-formed heads ; fruit pea-formed, rather umbili-
cate at the apex ; seeds chinky outside. T? . S. Native of French
Guiana. Flowers white.
Morinda-like Ronabea. Shrub.
5 ? R. ? didymoca'rpos (A. Rich. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acumi-
nated, on short petioles; stipulas connate intrapetiolar trun-
cate, furnished each with 2 bristles; flowers disposed in a ter-
minal cyme ; fruit didymous, umbilicated by a terminal dot. \ .
S. Native of French Guiana. This and the two preceding
are very doubtful species of Ronabea, from the flowers being
terminal, and ought perhaps on that account to be joined with
Psychotria.
Twin-fruited Ronabea. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Coffea above.
CLXXI. PSYCHO'TRIA (said to be from J'VX'h psyche, life;
in allusion to the powerful medicinal qualities of P. emetica, or
as others say from \pv^orpo(boy, psychotrophon, an ancient name
for an herb loving shade). Lin. gen. no. 229. H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 354. D. C. prod. 4. p. 504. — Psychotrophum, P.
Browne, jam. — Psychotria species, Juss. Lam. Willd. — Psychotria
and Mapofiria, A. Rich. — Psychotria Simiraand Mapouria, Aubl.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a short 5-lobed 5-toothed or nearly entire limb. Co-
rolla short, funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, regular ; limb spreading or
reflexed ; throat bearded or glabrous. Stamens 5 ; anthers ex-
serted or inclosed in the throat. Stigma bifid. Berry drupa-
ceous, crowned by the limb of the calyx, furnished with 10
blunt ribs in the dried state, containing 2 1-seeded chartaceously-
coriaceous ribbed pyrenae. Seed erect, with cartilaginous albu-
men, and a small basilar embryo. — Small trees or shrubs, rarely
RUBIACE7E. CLXXI. Psychotria.
585
herbs, natives within the tropics. Leaves opposite, petiolate.
Stipulas variable. Peduncles sometimes axillary, but usually
terminal. Flowers disposed in panicles or corymbs, rarely tetra-
merous, but almost always pentamerous ; sometimes, however,
there are tetramerous and pentamerous flowers to be found at
the same time, and on the same plant. The species are very
numerous and truly intricate, therefore difficult to define.
§ 1. Peduncles axillary .—Perhaps all the species belonging to
the present section belong to the genus Ronabea.
* Species natives of South America.
IP.? exce'lsa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 355.
t. 281.) arboreous; brancblets terete, downy; leaves oblong,
acuminated, narrowed at the base, membranous, glabrous ; stipu-
las deciduous ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered ; flowers tetra-
merous and tetrandrous. Pj • S. Native of Mexico, near Xa-
lappa. Corolla white, glabrous : with the lobes oblong, and
longer than the tube. Drupe globose, red, 2-celled ; cells 1 -seed-
ed ; ovula erect.
Tall Psychotria. Tree tall.
2 P. ? eme'tica (Mutis, in Lin. fil. suppl. p. 144. exclusive of
the synonymes of Marcgrave and Piso,) plant suffruticose, erect,
simple, pilosely tomentose ; leaves oblong, acuminated, narrowed
at the base, membranous, ciliated, rather pilose beneath ; stipu-
las ovate, acuminated, very short ; peduncles axillary, few-
flowered, subracemose. 1? . S. Native of New Granada, near
Nares on the banks of the Magdalena, and in the province of
Girone. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 355. Humb. et
Bonpl. pi. equin. 2. p. 142. t. 126. Cephae'lis emetica, Pers.
ench. 1. p. 203. Ipecacuanha noir, Rich. diet. sc. med. 20. p.
4. with a figure. Ipecacuanha, fl. med. 4. f. 201. Flowers
white. Berries bluish, ovate-globose, smooth, not furrowed ;
hence it is probably a species of Ronabea. Throat of corolla
closed by villi. Root perpendicular, knotted, branched, emetic,
with a slender axis and thick friable bark ; and is the ipecacuanha
supplied by Spanish America, but not that supplied by Brazil,
which is Cephce'lis Ipecacuanha.
Emetic Psychotria or Spanish American Ipecacuanha. Sh. 1
to l-g foot.
3 P. hi rta (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 191.)
branches, peduncles, petioles, and under side of leaves hairy ;
leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas ovate,
obtuse ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered. Pj . S. Native of New
Granada, on Mount Quindiu. The rest unknown. Perhaps a
variety of P. rufescens.
Hairy Psychotria. Shrub.
4 P. macrophy'lla (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 56. t. 202. f.
a.) plant herbaceous, glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oval-
lanceolate, acuminated, large, membranous ; stipulas broad-ovate,
unidentate, short-acuminated ; panicles axillary, on short pe-
duncles, with opposite dichotomous branches ; fruit oval. 1/. S.
Native of Peru, in forests on the Andes. Flowers small, sessile,
white. Fruit of an obscure violaceous colour. Leaves a foot
long. Stipulas beset with glands inside at the base.
Long-leaved Psychotria. PI. 7 to 8 feet.
5 P. Willdenowii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 505.) leaves oblong,
attenuated at the base and apex, petiolate, coriaceous, shining,
downy beneath ; stipulas 2-lobed ; panicles axillary, very short,
sessile. Pj.S. Native of South America. P. magnoliaefolia,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 190. P. floribunda var. Spreng.
Willdenorv's Psychotria. Shrub.
6 P. uliginosa (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. p. 421.)
plant subherbaceous, simple, erect, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-
oblong, acuminated, shining; stipulas connate, acute, convex;
cymes pedunculate, tripartite, opposite in the axils of the upper
VOL. III.
leaves; flowers sessile; corolla with a villous throat; berries
spherical ; seeds crested on the outside. P? . S. Native of Ja-
maica, in low rather humid parts of the mountains. P. Browne,
jam. p. 160. no. 1.? Root long, creeping. Berries scarlet,
compressed in the dried state. Flow’ers pale red.
Bog Psychotria. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
7 P. Lje'vis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 505.) glabrous ; leaves oval,
acute at the base, and ending in a short cuspidate point at the
apex, smooth above, almost nerveless ; stipulas thick, with
a reflexed acumen ; peduncles axillary, compressed, shorter
than the leaves, trifid at the apex, and each of the branchlets
bearing crowded sessile flowers ; fruit nearly globose, not
crowned. lj . S. Native of Porto-Rico, where it was collected
by Bertero. P. Phytolacca, Spreng. in herb. Balb, and probably
of Poir. Seeds compressed. Ribs of fruit thick, distant.
Smooth Psychotria. Shrub.
8 P. Hooke'ri ; shrubby, glabrous ; branches tetragonal ;
leaves lanceolate, tapering into the short petioles, coriaceously
membranous, with finely reflexed margins, pale and reticulated
beneath ; stipulas oval, acute, deciduous ; peduncles axillary,
short ; flowers on short pedicels, bracteate at the base ; bracteas
small, convolute, toothed ; flowers dioecious ; fruit oval, crowned
by the limb of the calyx, which is tubular, and minutely 5-toothed
at the apex. Pj . G. Native of Juan Fernandez. Hippotis
triflora, Bertero, in ann. des scienc. nat. 21. p. 348. but not of
R. and Pav. P. ? triflora, Hook, et Am. in bot. misc. 3. p.
359. but not of Sebum. Fruit a drupaceous berry, nearly half
an inch long, inclosing 2 chartaceous pyrenae.
Hooker's Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
9 P. ? pyrifo'lia (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 360.)
arboreous, glabrous ; branches obscurely tetragonal ; leaves
broad-ovate or oblong, on long petioles, with erosely sinuated
finely reflexed margins, coriaceously membranous, paler beneath
and reticulated ; stipulas broad-ovate, acute, deciduous ; pe-
duncles axillary, 3-flowered ; drupe turbinate, crowned by the
erect acuminated teeth of the calyx. 1; • GP. Native of Juan
Fernandez, where it is called Peralillo according to Bertero.
Hippotis pyrifolia, Bertero, mss. Bertero thinks it may only
be a variety of the preceding species, but it is much larger ;
he did not meet with the flower ; but if its structure prove
to be the same as the other, both merit being raised to the rank
of a genus according to Arnott.
Pear-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
10 P. agna'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 505.) leaves narrow, oblong,
attenuated at both ends, shining above, hairy beneath, and
bearded on the mid-rib on both surfaces ; stipulas acutely biden-
tate ; peduncles axillary, corymbose at the apex, downy ; flowers
crowded on the tops of the branches of the peduncles ; fruit
nearly globose. P? . S. Native of St. Domingo. Nerves of
leaves yellowish. Leaves and branchlets crowded, blowers
downy outside when young. Berries glabrous. Perhaps suffi-
ciently distinct from the next species.
Kindred Psychotria. Shrub.
IIP. neuro'tricha (D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acu-
minated at both ends, glabrous, except the middle nerve, which
is beset with a series of hairs on both surfaces ; stipulas acutely
bidentate, permanent ; panicles axillary, rather deflexed, race-
mose, and rather pilose ; flowers sessile, crowded on the tops of
the lateral short branches of the panicle ; fruit subobovate. Pj . S.
Native of Porto-Rico. Bracteas broad, ovate, permanent, under
the flowers. Berries glabrous. Flowers unknown.
Hairy-nerved-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
* * Species natives of Africa.
12 P. triflora (Sebum, pi. guin. p. 108.) shrubby; branches
brachiate ; branchlets rather tetragonal, pilose ; leaves ovate,
4 F
586
RUBIACEjE. CLXXI. Psychotria.
bluntly acuminated, downy beneath ; stipulas reniformly cordate,
acute, entire; peduncles very short, axillary, 3-flowered. b . S.
Native of Guinea. Flowers white.
Tliree-florvered Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
13 P. multiflo'ra (Sebum, pi. guin. p. 108.) plant shrubby,
decumbent or scandent, quite glabrous ; branchlets rather tetra-
gonal ; leaves oblong-ovate, attenuated at the apex, on short
petioles; stipulas entire, acuminated; panicles axillary, sub-
capitate ; peduncles length of the petioles. b . S. Native of
Guinea, at Asiama. Corolla white, downy inside.
Many-jlorvered Psychotria. Shrub decumbent.
14 P. umbella'ta (Sebum, pi. guin. p. 108.) shrub much
branched, glabrous ; branchlets alternately compressed ; leaves
hardly petiolate, lanceolate ; stipulas acuminated, cleft at the
apex, deciduous ; peduncles axillary, angular, trifid at the apex,
umbelliferous ; berries globose, umbilicate at the apex. b . S.
Native of Guinea. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Peduncles 2 inches
long. Corolla white.
Umbellate-flowered Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
15 P. Ko'lly (Schum. pi. guin. p. 110.) shrubby, glabrous;
branchlets compressed ; leaves petiolate, ovate-elliptic, acutish,
of a different colour beneath ; stipulas ovate, acutish ; corymbs
axillary and terminal, fastigiate ; tube of corolla cylindrical.
►2 . S. Native of Guinea, where it is called Kolly-Tjo by the
natives.
Kolly-Tjo Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
16 P. obvalla'ta (Schum. pi. guin. p. 111.) plant herbace-
ous, creeping ; petioles elongated, rather hairy at the apex ;
leaves oblong, cordate, obtuse, glabrous ; stipulas ovate, acutish ;
peduncles almost axillary, usually 5-flowered ; flowers girded
by a foliaceous 4-leaved involucrum. 1£.S. Native of Guinea,
at Aquapim.
Environed Psychotria. PI. creeping.
* * * Species natives of Asia.
17 P. Philippe'nsis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 21.)
glabrous and resinous ; branchlets tetragonal ; leaves obovate,
very blunt, petiolate, coriaceous ; stipulas very short, intrafo-
liaceous, permanent ; cymes opposite, axillary or supra-axillary,
3 times shorter than the leaves, dichotomous ; ovarium cylindri-
cal, crowned by the truncate limb of the calyx. b . S. Native
of the Island of Luzon, about Tierra Alta by the sea side.
Philippine Psychotria. Shrub.
§ 2. Peduncles terminal.
* Species natives of Peru.
18 P. reticula'ta (Ruiz et Pav. 2. p. 56. t. 212. f. b.) plant
herbaceous, downy ; branches tetragonal, glabrous ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acuminated, reticulately veined, rather coriaceous ;
stipulas subconcrete at the base, bifid beyond the middle, with
the lobes linear-lanceolate and acuminated ; panicles terminal,
longer than the leaves, with opposite spreading hairy-velvety
branches, and crowded flowers. 1/ . S. Native of Peru, on the
Andes in groves. Leaves a foot long, downy beneath, and
having the nerves purplish. Corolla small, yellow, downy out-
side, with a villous throat.
Reticidated-\ea\ed Psychotria. PI. 7 to 8 feet.
19 P. acutiflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 506.) leaves oblong,
acuminated, ciliated, downy beneath, rather scabrous above,
clothed with hairy tomentum on the mid-rib on both surfaces, as
well as the branchlets ; panicles terminal, erect, rather hairy,
longer than the leaves, with cymosely bifid branches ; segments
of corolla mucronately cuspidate. 1? . S. Native of Guayaquil,
where it was collected by Haenke. Guettarda acutiflora, Bartl.
in herb. Haenke. Nearly allied to P. defexa. Stipulas connate,
sheathing, ending each in a sublanceolate acumen.
Acute-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
20 P. pilosa (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 60. t. 208. f. a.)
suffruticose, pilose ; branches tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acumi-
nated at both ends ; stipulas bifid, with lanceolate acute lobes,
which are about the length of the petioles ; panicles short, ter-
minal, on short peduncles, with opposite branches ; bracteas lan-
ceolate, acute, ciliated ; teeth of calyx acute. b . S. Native
of Peru, on the Andes in humid parts of forests. Leaves 4
inches long. Inflorescence as in Asperula. Bracteas bluish.
Peduncles hairy. Berries blue, about the size of peas.
Pilose Psychotria. Shrub 2 feet.
21 P. cymosa (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 59. t. 206. f. b.)
suffruticose, glabrous ; branches compressedly tetragonal ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acute, shining above ; stipulas bipartite, with
the lobes linear-subulate and distant ; cymes terminal, on short
peduncles, of 5 rays ; segments of the calyx long, subulate ; tube
of corolla villous at the base; berries oval. b- S. Native of
Peru, in groves on the Andes. Leaves 6 inches long. Peduncles
compressed. Corolla purplish. Berries violaceous. Calyx
almost as in Geopliila.
Cymose- flowered Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
22 P. magnoliasfo'li a (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 360. but not of Willd.) glabrous; branchlets compressed;
leaves elliptic, bluntish at both ends, rather membranous ; stipu-
las oblong, obtuse, length of the petioles ; cymes pedunculate,
of 4 spreading rays ; flowers sessile, usually hy threes, b . S.
Native about Quito. Fruit unknown. Said to be allied to P.
ardi sice folia. Leaves 7-8 inches long and 4-5 broad, on petioles
8-9 lines long.
Magnolia-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
23 P. glomera'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
362.) glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves oblong or ob-
ovate-oblong, acute, narrowed at the base, membranous ; stipulas
lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated ; panicles pedunculate, very
simple, spreading ; flowers disposed in verticillate heaps, sessile;
fruit nearly globose. b • S. Native of Peru. Said to be allied
to P. ardisice folia, but the inflorescence is different. Sprengel
asserts this species to be a native of New Granada and Brazil,
but without giving any authority for so stating.
Heaped-fl ovvered Psychotria. Shrub.
24 P. rugulosa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 556.)
glabrous ; branches compressed ; leaves lanceolate, long-acumi-
nated, rather coriaceous, narrowed at the base, a little wrinkled,
foveolate in the axils of the veins beneath ; stipulas lanceolate,
acuminated ; panicles pedunculate, having the lower branches 4
in a whorl, and spreading ; fruit nearly globose, didymous. b •
S. Native of the temperate parts of Peru.
Wrinkled- leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
25 P. vi'ridis (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 61. t. 210. f. b.)
glabrous ; branchlets somewhat tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acu-
minated, foveolate in the axils of the veins beneath at the base ;
stipulas connate, lanceolate, caducous, one-half longer than the
petioles ; panicles pedunculate, terminal, with opposite branches ;
flowers crowded, sessile ; berry globose, b • S. Native of
Peru, in groves on the Andes. Palicurea viridis, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 195. Corollas small, green, with a hairy
throat. Anthers inclosed. This has nothing to do with Pali-
curea tinctoria, with which it has been confounded by Sprengel.
Leaves 3-4 inches long.
Green-flowered Psychotria. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
26 P. repa'nda (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 61.) glabrous;
branches somewhat tetragonal, leafy at the top ; leaves lanceo-
late-oblong, repand ; stipulas connate at the base, lanceolate,
ciliated on the back and margins, caducous ; panicles terminal,
with brachiate compressed branches ; bracteoles ovate, acute ;
flowers sessile, on the tops of the branches of the panicle.
RUBIACEAL CLXXI. Psychotria.
. S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in groves. Corolla small,
yellow, with a villous throat. Berries size of pepper-corns,
purple.
Repand- leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
27 P. foveola'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 59. t. 207. f. b.)
leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, hardly petio-
late, with the axils of the upper veins often glandularly foveo-
late, but downy on the veins beneath, as rvell as the branchlets
and peduncles ; stipulas oval, deciduous ; panicles pedunculate,
having the branchlets drooping while bearing the fruit ; flowers
3-5, sessile at the top of each branch of the panicle. S.
Native of Peru, on the Andes in groves, at Chinchao and
Cuchero, ex Ruiz et Pav. ; and on the mountains about the
Guanocco, ex herb. Haenke. P. foveolata, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
743. no. 39. exclusive of the synonymes. Branches rather
tetragonal. Corolla small, cream-coloured. Berries ovate, pur-
plish-green, ex Bartl, globose and rufous, and about the size of
pepper berries.
Foveolate- leaved Psychotria. Tree 18 feet.
28 P. divarica'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
362. but not of Willd.) glabrous ; branchlets terete ; leaves lan-
ceolate-oblong, acute, narrowed at the base, membranous, foveo-
late in the axils of the veins beneath ; panicles pedunculate,
rather ovate, with opposite spreading branches ; flowers pedicel-
late. T? . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in temperate
places about Quito. Very nearly allied to P. foveolata. There
is a variety of this with tetramerous tetrandrous flowers.
Divaricate Psychotria. Shrub.
29 P. virga'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 60. t. 209. f. a.)
glabrous ; leaves oblong or elliptic, acuminated, coriaceous, re-
ticulately-veined beneath ; stipulas bluntly bifid, length of the
petioles ; cymes on short peduncles, trichotomous, crowded with
flowers ; flowers almost sessile, on the tops of the branches of
the cyme ; fruit oval. T? . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in
cold mountain forests. Leaves 4 inches long, with red nerves,
and reflexed margins, bitter, and supplying a yellow colour when
dried. Corollas sulphur-coloured, with a villous throat. Berries
ovate, deep blue, size of peas. P. virgata Jamaicensis, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 742. is perhaps a very distinct species from the pre-
sent.
Twiggy Psychotria. Shrub 9 to 1 0 feet.
30 P. cuneifolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 507.) glabrous ; leaves
obovate, cuneated at the base, and ending in a short cuspidate
point at the apex ; stipulas small, deciduous ; panicles erect,
shorter than the leaves, with opposite branches, 1? . S. Native
of Peru, at Guayaquil. P. glabrata, Bartl. in herb. Haenke, but
not of Swartz. Flowers unknown. Berries ovate-globose, 10-
striped in the dried state. Seeds semi-ovate.
Wedge-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
31 P. H^nkea'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 507.) glabrous; leaves
oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas bifid on both
sides, acuminated ; peduncles a little shorter than the leaves ;
cymes contracted. fj . S. Native of Guayaquil, and probably
of Mexico. P. pedunculata, Bartl. in herb. Haenke. Allied to
P. pedunculata, Swartz, but differs in the stipulas being much
more acuminated, in the leaves being narrower, and more acu-
minated at both ends. Cymes obconical. Flowers and fruit un-
known.
H&nlce's Psychotria. Shrub.
32 P. trifida (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 60. t. 209. f. b.)
smoothish ; branchlets bluntly tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, shining above, but downy along the nerves and
veins beneath ; stipulas connate at the base, acutely bifid at the
apex ; cymes sessile, tripartite, with the branches again trifid ;
flowers sessile, by threes at the tops of the branchlets of the
cyme; corollas downy ; berries roundish-turbinate, . S. Na-
587
tive of the Andes of Peru, in mountain groves. Leaves 3 inches
long. Throat of corolla villous. Berries black.
Trifid-cymeA Psychotria. Tree 18 feet.
33 P. capita'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 59. t. 206. f. a.)
smoothish ; branchlets slightly tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acu-
minated, very veiny, downy beneath ; stipulas bifid, obtuse ;
panicles shorter than the leaves, ovate, terminal, on short pe-
duncles; peduncles bracteate, opposite ; flowers crowded. T? . S.
Native of Peru, on the Andes in groves. Cephae'lis Peruviana,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 749. Stipulas hispid, glandular on the inner
side at the base. Bracteas lanceolate ; bracteoles ovate, acute.
Berries ovate, blackish, umbilicate.
Capitate- flowered Psychotria. Shrub 9 to 10 feet.
34 P. villosa (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 59. t. 207. f. a.)
branchlets, peduncles, petioles, and nerves of leaves clothed with
rufous villi ; leaves attenuated at both ends, glabrous above in
the adult state, downy on the nerves beneath ; stipulas ovate-
oblong, acute, caducous; panicles pedunculate, with the branches
and branchlets opposite ; flowers by threes, glabrous. fj . S.
Native of the Andes of Peru, in mountain groves. Bartl. in
herb. Haenke. Knots of branches pilose. Leaves 4-5 inches
long. Bracteas small, acuminated. Berries red, globose, rather
compressed, size of small peas. Allied to P. micrantlia and P.
hirsuta.
Villous Psychotria. Shrub 9 to 10 feet.
35 P. micra’ntha (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
363. t. 284.) hairy from rufescent villi ; branchlets terete ; leaves
obovate-elliptic, acuminated, cuneated at the base, rather coria-
ceous ; stipulas oblong, awnedly bidentate ; cymes pedunculate,
of 6 rays, diffuse ; flowers glomerate ; corollas hairy on the out-
side ; fruit globosely elliptic, hairy. T? . S. Native of Peru,
ex Kunth ; or at the river Magdalena, ex Willd. P. rufescens,
Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 192. but not of Kunth.
Small-Jlowered Psychotria. Shrub.
36 P. subtomentosa (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 61. t. 210.
f. a.) clothed with downy tomentum ; branchlets bluntly tetra-
gonal ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute ; stipulas connate at the
base, acutely bifid at the apex ; corymbs pedunculate, trifid,
bearing almost sessile crowded flowers at the tops of the branch-
lets ; corollas hairy. fj . S. Native of the Andes of Peru, in
mountain groves. Leaves 3 inches long, white beneath. Sti-
pulas glandular. Calyx and corolla blue. Bracteas subulate.
Cephae'lis subtomentosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 749.
Subtomentose Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
* * Species natives of Brazil.
37 P. a'lba (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 58. t. 205. f. a.)
smoothish ; branchlets compressed ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute
at both ends, beset with rows of hairs along the nerves beneath,
and often foveolate in the axils of the nerves ; stipulas ovate-
oblong, undivided, rather concrete ; panicles pedunculate, ter-
minal, shorter than the leaves, with the branches opposite; calyx
short, truncate ; berries ovate. J? . S. Native of South America,
especially in tropical Brazil, Guayaquil, and Andes of Peru.
Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 19. P. ardisiaefolia, H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 359. Bartl. in herb. Haenke.
P. densiflora, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189. P.
patula, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189. P. ardisiae-
folia, P. patula, and P. alba, Spreng. Leaves 6-8 inches long.
Stipulas obovate, hairy at the base. Bracteas conniving, ovate,
acute. Flowers and berries white.
Var. fi, tonsa (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 19.) leaves
glabrous, nearly obovate, few-veined, . S. Native of Brazil,
near Rio Janeiro.
White-herx\eA Psychotria. Shrub 12 feet.
38 P. leioca'rfa (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 22.)
4 f 2
588
RUBIACE/E. CLXXI. Psychotria.
smoothish ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
membranous ; stipulas rather concrete, bidentate on both sides ;
cymes pedunculate, terminal : with the branchlets slender, oppo-
site or verticillate, downy ; flowers tetrandrous, rarely pentan-
drous ; calyx 5-lobed ; fruit globose, ribless. 1? . S. Native
of tropical Brazil.
Var. j3, cxlratrbpica (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 22.)
cymes quite glabrous ; flowers triandrous or tetrandrous ; caly-
cine teeth unequal. Tj . S. Native of the south of Brazil,
without the tropic. Perhaps a proper species.
Smooth-fruited Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
39 P. nitidula (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 25.)
quite glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, on very short
petioles ; stipulas triangular, acute, at length bifid, permanent ;
cymes terminal, pedunculate, length of leaves of 5 compressed
rays, 4 of them in a whorl, and the other in the centre of these
4 ; calyx acutely 5-toothed. Jj . S. Native of tropical Brazil.
Leaves 3*4 inches long, and 10-18 lines broad. Flowers small,
pedicellate. Fruit unknown.
/Shining-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
40 P. Formosa (Chain, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 2 1.)
leaves glabrous, obovate or elliptic, short-acuminated, cuneated
at the base, of the consistence of parchment ; stipulas ovate,
acute, small, deciduous ; panicles terminal, pedunculate, loose,
longer than the leaves, downy or hairy ; lobes of the corolla
acute, bearded at the apex. . S. Native of tropical Brazil.
Very like P. alba, and the cicatrices of the stipulas are beset with
rufous villi, as in it.
Beautiful Psychotria. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
41 P. cuspida'ta (Bred, ex Willd. in Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 192.) smooth and glabrous; leaves oval, cuneated at
the base, acuminated at the apex, scrobiculately villous in the
axils when old ; stipulas bidentate, truncate ; panicles terminal,
pedunculate, 3 times shorter than the leaves, with compressed
branches, which are dilated at the ramifications. 1? . S. Na-
tive of tropical Brazil, and at Caraccas. Allied to P. nonatelioi-
des and P. cornifolia.
Cuspidated- leaved Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
42 P. nonatjelioides (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 26.)
smooth and glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves lanceolate,
acute at the base, and long-acuminated at the apex, membran-
ous ; stipulas 2-lobed, permanent ; cymes racemose, terminal,
one-half shorter than the leaves ; pedicels 3-flowered : middle
flower and one of the lateral ones tribracteate. f? • S. Native
of tropical Brazil, and at Caraccas. P. involucrata, Willd.
herb. Fruit unknown. Habit of P. cornifolia.
Nonatelia-like Psychotria. Shrub.
43 P. noxia (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 234. t. 21. f. a.)
branchlets compressed, furnished with 2 rows of hairs ; leaves
lanceolate, acuminated, on short petioles, approximate, glabrous;
stipulas short, bipartite ; flowers 2-4 in a fascicle, sessile, brac-
teate, terminal, and axillary ; bracteas acuminated, ciliated ;
fruit elliptic. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Minas Geraes. This species is supposed to be hurtful to ani-
mals who eat it.
Hurtful Psychotria. Shrub 5 to -6 feet.
44 P. eliaptica (Ker. bot. reg. t. 607. but not of Willd.)
glabrous ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at both ends, shining, mem-
branous ; stipulas sheathing, ovate, rather erosely fringed, deci-
duous ; cymes terminal, sessile, tripartite, with trichotomously
panicled branches, shorter than the leaves. . S. Native of
Brazil. Flowers short, white. Calyx cup-shaped, slightly
toothed.
EUiptic-\ea.\ed Psychotria. FI. May, June. Clt. 1821. Sh.
3-4 feet.
45 P. cieenotricha (D. C. prod. 4. p. 509.) quite glabrous ;
branchlets compressed ; leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends,
smooth ; stipulas short, bifid at both sides ; corymbs terminal,
sessile, with umbellate branches, much shorter than the leaves, each
branch bearing 4-5 flowers at the apex ; corollas glabrous on the
outside, but villous in the throat. . S. Native of Brazil, at
Bahia, in sand by the sea-side, where it was collected by Salz-
mann. Flowers cream-coloured. Anthers copper-coloured,
sessile in the throat of the corolla among the villi. Style a little
exserted.
G aping-haired Psychotria. Shrub.
46 P. barbiflora (D. C. prod. 4. p. 509.) quite glabrous;
branchlets compressed ; leaves oval-ovate, acute at the base,
acuminated at the apex, shining above ; stipulas combined at the
base, biaristate ; peduncles terminal, very short, densely corym-
bose at the apex, bracteate under the flowers ; corolla glabrous
outside, with the lobes of the limb hairy above. ^ • S. Native
of Brazil, on hills about Bahia, where it was collected by Salz-
mann. Style exserted. Anthers inclosed. Fruit black, globose,
a little furrowed.
Bearded-flowered Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
47 P. Bahie'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 509.) quite glabrous;
leaves elliptic, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex,
shining above ; stipulas rather concrete at the base, and furnished
with 2 ligulae on both sides, lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles
terminal, one-half shorter than the leaves, racemosely corymbose
at the apex ; corollas beardless. 1? . S. Native of Brazil,
about Bahia, where it was collected by Salzmann. Shrub 3 feet
high. Flowers white, probably dioecious. Branches compressed.
Var. a, sUjlosa (D. C. 1. c.) style exserted; anthers inclosed;
fruit globose, sub-didymous, hardly furrowed.
Var. ft, staminea (D. C. 1. c.) style inclosed ; anthers ex-
serted. Perhaps a proper species, or the male variety of the
preceding.
Bahia Psychotria. Shrub 3 feet.
48 P. ? sambu'cina (Link, in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
188.) glabrous: leaves ovate -lanceolate, acuminated, petiolate ;
stipulas deciduous ; branches of the panicle glabrous, verticillate,
3 times shorter than the leaves. ^ • S. Native of Brazil.
Leaves a span long, and 3-4 inches broad, of a livid black colour
in the dried state.
Elder-like Psychotria. Shrub.
49 P. longifoli a (Hoffmans. ex Willd. in Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 190.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cuneately at-
tenuated at the base ; stipulas bifid ; panicles terminal. J? . S.
Native of Brazil. Leaves a foot long. Perhaps the same as
P. racemdsa.
Long-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
50 P. grandifoli a (Hoffmans, ex Willd. in Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 190.) leaves ovate, acute; stipulas bifid, obtuse;
flowers panicled. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves half a foot
long. Corollas yellow. Very like P. lutifolia, but differs in
the form of the stipulas.
Great-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
* * * Species natives of Guiana.
51 P. Mapu'ria (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 187.) gla-
brous ; leaves obovate, each ending in a short blunt acumen,
cuneated at the base ; stipulas ovate-roundish, deciduous ; pani-
cles terminal, shorter than the leaves ; fruit ovate-globose, stri-
ated. . S. Native of French Guiana, on the banks of rivers.
Mapouria Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 175. t. 67. Simira
nitida, Poir. diet. 7. p. 196. P. nitida, Willd. spec. 1. p. 963.
Leaves 8 inches long, and 4-5 broad. Corollas white, having
the limb longer than the tube. Stamens filiform, exserted.
Stigma bilamellate.
Mapuria Psychotria. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
RUBIACE^E. CLXXI. Psychotria.
589
52 P. Mapourioides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 509.) glabrous; leaves
elliptic, cuneated at the base, short-acuminated at the apex ;
stipulas obovate, foliaceous, deciduous, length of the petioles ;
panicles rising from the forks of the branches, pedunculate,
hardly shorter than the leaves ; fruit ovate, striated. . S.
Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris.
Very nearly allied to P. Mapouria, but differs from that species
in the above characters, besides in the longer leaves, larger sti-
pulas, and in the peduncle of the fructiferous panicle being 4
inches long.
Mapouria-like Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
53 P. Simira (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 187.) glabrous;
leaves elliptic-ovate, abruptly acuminated, with parallel veins,
paler beneath ; stipulas ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; panicles
erect, on short peduncles, one- half shorter than the leaves ; ber-
ries oval. 1? . S. Native of French Guiana, in humid parts
of woods. Simira tinctoria, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 170. t. 05. P.
parviflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 962. Bark red on the inside.
Leaves 14 inches long, and 6 broad, with the nerves red beneath.
Branches of the panicle short. Corolla white, with rounded
segments, ex Aubl., but acute segments, ex Rich., shorter
than the stamens. The bark of this shrub is used to dye silk
and cotton of a red colour. Simira is the Guiana name of the
tree.
Simira Psychotria. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
54 P. Patrisii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 510.) glabrous; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends; stipulas elliptic, acutish,
deciduous ; panicles pedunculate, a little shorter than the leaves,
having the branches and branchlets opposite ; frnit ovate, stri-
ated, terminated by a short conical horn. T? . S. Native of
French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris, along with
many other species. Branches terete. Leaves 5-6 inches long,
and 2 or 2-| broad. From the stipulas and habit, this species
comes near to P. Mapuria.
Patris' s Psychotria. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
55 P. sororia (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acuminated at both ends ; stipulas triangularly-elliptic, acute,
deciduous ; panicles terminal, pedunculate, hardly shorter than
the leaves, with the branches and branchlets opposite ; fruit
nearly globose, striated, truncate at the apex. ^ • S. Native
of French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris. Very
nearly allied to P. Patrisii, but the berries are fewer, and larger
round, without horns, and crowned by the 5 small teeth of the
calyx.
Sister Psychotria. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
56 P. ficige'mma (D. C. prod. 4. p. 510.) glabrous ; leaves
oval, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas oblong, acuminated, de-
ciduous ; panicles pedunculate, longer than the leaves, having
the branches and branchlets opposite ; fruit ovate, striated.
1? • S. Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by
Patris. The buds and stipulas are oblong and acute, and very
much like those of the fig-tree. Peduncle of the panicle 3 inches
long. Fruit small. Allied to P. Simira.
Fig-budded. Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
57 P. racemosa (A. Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1792. p.
107.) glabrous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends,
shining beneath ; stipulas bifid, with the lobes acuminated ;
racemes terminal, pedunculate, straight, one half shorter than the
leaves ; rachis of the raceme angular, downy ; fruit compressed,
coarsely ribbed. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana. Leaves
10 inches long, and 3 broad, on petioles which are nearly an inch
long. Flowers unknown.
Racemose-^ owered Psychotria. Shrub.
58 P. flexuosa (Willd. spec. 1. p. 966.) glabrous, sub-
herbaceous ; branches compressed ; leaves oval, acuminated, on
short petioles, membranous ; stipulas bipartite, acuminated,
equal in length to the petioles ; panicles terminal, racemose,
pedunculate, shorter than the leaves ; berries globose, com-
pressed, rather didymous. 1? . S. Native of Cayenne, in ste-
rile places. Nonatelia paniculata, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 181. t. 70.
f. 2. Flowers white. Berries violaceous.
Flexuous Psychotria. Shrub 2 feet.
59 P. defle'xa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 510.) glabrous; branches
and peduncles compressed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or oval-
lanceolate, acuminated at the apex, and acute at the base, mem-
branous ; stipulas twin on both sides, lanceolate, hardly joined
at the base ; panicles pedunculate, shorter than the leaves, with
reflexed compressed branchlets, which are bearded in the axils ;
flowers small, tetramerous. 1? . S. Native of French Guiana,
where it was collected by Patris. Very nearly allied to P. jlex-
uosa, but differs in the flowers being tetramerous and tetran-
drous.
.De/Zexed-peduncled Psychotria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
60 P. panicula'ta (Willd. spec. l.p. 970.) glabrous; leaves
ovate, acuminated at both ends, veiny ; stipulas connate, biden-
tate ; panicles terminal, erect ; berries globose, compressed, sub-
didymous. . S. Native of Surinam and other parts of South
America.
Var. /3, oblongata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 510.) leaves oblong ;
panicles weak. . S. Native of French Guiana, where it was
collected by Patris. Nerves of the leaves and peduncles yel-
lowish. Panicles the length of the leaves.
Panicled-flowered Psychotria. Tree, tall.
61 P. bractea'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 510.) glabrous; leaves
oblong, acuminated, almost sessile, stiff, shining above, with
revolute margins ; stipulas twin on both sides, linear, acumi-
nated, longer than the petioles, which are very short ; cymes
trichotomous, on short peduncles ; bracteas oblong, many, under
the flowers ; fruit nearly globose, striated. 1?. S. Native of
French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris. This is a very
distinct species. Leaves 3 inches long, and 8-9 lines broad.
Petioles 1-2 lines long. Peduncle of the cyme compressed, 9-10
lines long.
Bracteate-H owered Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
62 P. platy'foda (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves oval or ob-
long, acuminated, with parallel nerves ; stipulas connate, short,
bidentate on both sides; cymes terminal, 4 parted, on very
short peduncles, girded by 4 large ovate bracteas, having the
branches compressed so much as to be 2-edged, the secondary
branches bearing the flowers at their tops ; fruit round, de-
pressed, coarsely ribbed. . S. Native of French Guiana,
where it was collected by Patris. The leaves and peduncles
become yellowish on drying. Leaves 5-6 inches long, and 2-3
broad. Petioles 4-6 lines long.
Broad-peduncled Psychotria. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
63 P. bre'vipes (D. C. prod. 4. p. 511.) glabrous; branch-
lets compressed ; leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, shin-
ing above ; stipulas twin on both sides, linear, acuminated,
hardly joined at the base ; cymes irregularly branched, on short
peduncles, rather bracteate ; fruit roundish, compressed, pro-
foundly ribbed. . S. Native of French Guiana. Fructi-
ferous cymes equal in length to the attenuated part of the
base of the leaves. Leaves 5 inches long, and 2 broad. Peti-
oles 1-3 lines long.
Short-peduncled Psychotria. Shrub.
* * * * Species natives of Colombia.
64 P. Carthagene'nsis (Jacq. amer. p. 65. t. 174. f. 22.)
glabrous ; leaves obovate or elliptic, rather coriaceous, attenu-
ated at both ends ; stipulas ovate, rather membranous, rufous,
deciduous ; peduncles elongated, corymbose, trichotomous, rising
from the forks of the branches ; throat of the corolla villous ;
590
RUBIACE^E. CLXXI. Psychotria.
berries ovate. Tj . S. Native of Cartbagena, among bushes,
ex Jacq. ; and of St. Domingo, ex Bertero. P. Carthagenensis,
Spreng. ex Balb. Corollas white, having the tube much ex-
ceeding the limb, which is said to be 6-7-cleft, and the stamens
are 6-7, according to Jacquin. Berries red, crowned by the
calyx, which is of the same colour. Willdenow says that the
stipulas are emarginate ; but they are probably entire and
obtuse.
Carthagena Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
65 P. ? calycina (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 356.)
glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves lanceolate or oblong,
long-acuminated, narrow at the base, membranous ; stipulas ob-
long, obtuse ; corymbs pedunculate, trichotomous, spreading ;
calyxes cucullately spathaceous, cleft on one side. Tj . S. Na-
tive of New Granada. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, one half
shorter than the corolla. On account of the form of the calyx,
this plant does not agree with the present genus, but the fruit is
unknown.
Large-calyxed Psychotria. Shrub.
66 P. salicifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 360.
but not of Willd.) glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves lan-
ceolate, acuminated at both ends, membranous ; stipulas oblong,
acute, fascescent ; panicles pedunculate, with opposite, much-
spreading branches ; fruit spherical. Tj . S. Native of New
Granada.
Willow-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
67 P. a'nceps (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 360.)
glabrous ; branches 2 -edged ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both
ends, shining above, scrobiculate in the axils of the veins be-
neath ; stipulas ovate, acutish ; cymes pedunculate, trichoto-
mous, spreading; flowers sessile, usually by threes; fruit ovate.
*2 • S. Native of New Granada, in temperate places, near the
cataract of Tequendama.
Two-edged- branched Psychotria. Shrub.
68 P. lu'cida (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 361.
t. 288. but not of Willd.) glabrous ; branches 2-edged ; leaves
lanceolate-oblong, acuminated at both ends, coriaceous, shining
above ; stipulas ovate, acute, deciduous ; corymbs pedunculate,
dichotomous, spreading ; bracteoles and teeth of the calyx cili-
ated; fruit nearly globose. Tj • S. Native of New Granada,
on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Honda. P. vibur-
noides, in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189. but not of Kunth.
Flowers usually by threes, sessile, about the size of those of the
privet.
Shining-leaxed Psychotria. Tree 20 feet.
69 P. cornifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 362.)
glabrous ; branchlets terete ; leaves almost sessile, ovate-rhom-
boid, acuminated, cuneated at the base, membranous ; corymbs
pedunculate, terminal, bifid, divaricate ; fruit roundish, com-
pressed. ^ • S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near May-
pures. Stipulas and flowers unknown. Perhaps a distinct
genus.
Dogwood-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
70 P. viburnoides (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
361. but not of Willd.) glabrous; branchlets compressed ; leaves
oblong, acuminated at both ends, coriaceous, shining above ;
stipulas ovate, acute, deciduous ; cymes pedunculate, of 4 rays,
spreading ; bracteoles and teeth of the calyx ciliated. >2 • S.
Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near the cataract of Atures.
Very like P. lucida.
Viburnum-like Psychotria. Shrub.
71 P. Borje'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 557.)
smoothish ; branchlets compressed ; leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated at both ends, membranous, with undulated margins, shin-
ing a little ; stipulas ovate, acute ; cymes pedunculate of 5 rays,
spreading, the rays clothed with powdery down. *2 • S. Na-
tive in woods, on the banks of the Orinoco, near San-Borja. P,
ligustrina, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 188. Nearly
allied to P. rugulbsa, but the flowers are smaller, &c. Leaves
glabrous on both surfaces according to Kunth, but according to
Willdenow the leaves are downy underneath.
San-Borja Psychotria. Shrub.
72 P. glauce'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
558.) branchlets terete, hairy ; leaves oblong or lanceolate-ob-
long, acuminated, acute at the base, with sub-undulated mar-
gins, rather coriaceous, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, foveolate
in the axils of the veins beneath, and downy on the veins ; sti-
pulas ovate, acuminated ; cymes pedunculate of 5 spreading
rays ; pedicels hairy ; fruit nearly globose-elliptic. . S.
Native on the banks of the Orinoco, and near the city of An-
gostura. P. divaricata, Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3.
p. 191.
Glaucescent Psychotria. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
73 P. rufe'scens (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 741.) branchlets, sti-
pulas, peduncles, petioles, and nerves of the leaves clothed with
rusty hairs ; leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, narrow at the
base ; stipulas oval, obtuse ; cymes sessile, of 3-4 rays or
branches, the rays bearing almost sessile, crowded flowers at
their tops. 1? . S. Native of South America.
Var. a, ferruginea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 512.) branches sub-
trigonal ; flowers conglomerate ; stipulas acutish, half an inch
long. T? . S. Native of New Andalusia, near Caripe. The
corolla is said to be white, with a villous throat and reflexed
lobes. Fruit unknown. P. rufescens, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
gen. amer. 3. p. 364. but not of Willd. Bertiera ferruginea,
Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 227.
Var. 1 3, hirta (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets compressed; flowers
usually by threes ; stipulas obtuse. 1? . S. Native of New
Granada, on the Andes, about Quindiu. P. hirta, H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 364. but not of Willd. Corolla
hairy outside. Berry oblong.
Vdr. y, Hcenkedna (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets compressed ; sti-
pulas obtuse, hairy in the young state, and glabrous in the adult
state ; flowers conglomerate ; corollas hairy outside ; berries
ovate-oblong. J2 • S. Native of Mexico. P. rufescens, Bartl.
Rufescent Psychotria. Shrub.
74 P. diervilloides (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
358.) clothed with fine hairy tomentum ; branchlets compressed ;
leaves ovate-acuminated, rounded at the base, membranous, gla-
brous above ; stipulas oblong, obtuse ; cymes pedunculate of 4
spreading rays ; pedicels and calyxes hairy. T2 . S. Native of
South America, near Angostura. Petioles glabrous. Stipulas
equal. Lobes of the corolla revolutely reflexed. Fruit un-
known.
Diervilla-like Psychotria. Shruh.
75 P. Orinoce'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 512.) leaves on short
petioles, roundish-ovate, acute, shining ; stipulas 2-lobed ; co-
rymbs divaricate. J2 • S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco.
P. cornifolia, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 191. but
not of Kunth.
Orinoco Psychotria. Shrub.
76. P. latifolia (Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189. ;
leaves ovate, acute at both ends, ribbed ; stipulas acutely biden-
tate; panicles terminal, elongated, . S. Native on the banks
of the Orinoco, in shady places. Humb. et Bonpl. Leaves a
foot long, very broad, shining on both surfaces, downy on the
veins beneath. Branches of the panicle crowded, erect, ex Spreng-
syst. 1. p. 745.
Broad-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
77 P. ueviga'ta (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 190.)
leaves oblong-ovate, petiolate, tapering at the base, glabrous ;
stipulas bidentate ; panicle terminal. J2 • S. Native of South
RUBIACEjE. CLXXI. Psychotria.
591
America, at the river Atabapo. Humb. et Bonpl. This is said
to be the same as Palicourea specidsa, by Spreng.
Smooth Psychotria. Shrub.
78 P. Hunde'nsis (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
189.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, rather membran-
ous ; stipulas oblong, obtuse ; panicle trichotomously corymbose.
. S. Native of New Granada, on the banks of the Magda-
lena, near Honda, or Hunda. Palicourea mitis is joined with
this by Spreng. but for what reason we know not.
Honda Psychotria. Shrub.
79 Cumane'nsis (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 191.)
leaves oblong ; stipulas ovate, acute ; cymes few-flowered. T? . S.
Native of Cumana, Humb. et Bonpl ; and Trinidad, G. Don.
Flowers yellow.
Cumana Psychotria. Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 feet.
80 P. sessiliflora (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
191.) herbaceous ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends ; sti-
pulas emarginately bidentate ; flowers terminal, crowded, sessile.
14. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, Humb. et Bonpl.
Herb half a foot high. Flowers white.
Sessile-flowered Psychotria. PI. half a foot.
***** A species native of Panama.
81 P. furca'ta (D.C. prod. 4. p. 512.) smoothish ; branches
bifurcate, terete ; branchlets compressed ; peduncles, petioles,
and nerves of the leaves rougliish ; leaves ovate-oblong, acumi-
nated ; stipulas bidentate, small, acute ; heads on short pedun-
cles ; pedicels thick, very short ; bracteas 4, linear, spreading.
1 2 . S. Native of Panama, where it was collected by Haenke.
Cephae'lis furcata, Bartl. in herb. Haenke. Fruit ovate-globose,
compressed, furrowed. Flowers unknown. Habit of Cephae'lis
oblonga, but the inflorescence and fruit are like that of P.plaly-
poda.
FWced-branched Psychotria. Shrub.
****** Species natives of Mexico.
82 P. biarista' ta (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 513.) glabrous; branchlets a little compressed; leaves ob-
long, or obovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends, coriaceous ;
stipulas short, broadly ovate, biaristate, deciduous ; cymes on
short peduncles of 3-4 rays, much shorter than the leaves ; fruit
nearly globose, . S. Native of Mexico. Leaves 2 inches
long, and 9 lines broad. Petioles 1-2 lines long.
7Vo-awwed-stipulated Psychotria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
83 P. mo'llis (Poir. diet. 5. p. 702. ? Bartl. in herb. Haenke,
ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 513.) branchlets nearly terete ; peduncles
and nerves of leaves downy ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated
at both ends, membranous, when young downy, but in the adult
state glabrous above ; stipulas ovate, acutely bidentate ; panicle
corymbose, crowded, pedunculate, shorter than the leaves; co-
rolla with a short tube, blunt erect lobes, and a hairy throat,
b . S. Native of Mexico. Allied to P. horizontalis var. ft.
P. mollis, Spreng. in herb. Balb. should be excluded from the
present order. The plant of Poirett is probably distinct from
that of Bartl.
Soft Psychotria. Shrub.
84 P. hebe'clada (D. C. prod. 4. p. 513.) branchlets, pe-
tioles, panicles, and nerves of leaves downy ; leaves elliptic-ob-
long, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas acutely bifid ; panicles
erect, ovate, with the rachi compressed, and the branches oppo-
site. 1 j . S. Native of Mexico. P. pubeseens, Bartl. in herb.
Haenke. It differs from P. pubeseens in the stipulas being more
acute, in the panicles not being corymbose, in the rachi of the
panicles being compressed, and in the bracteoles being shorter.
Flowers unknown. Berries globose, compressed, downy, crowned,
striated in the dry state.
Hairy-branched Psychotria. Shrub.
85 P. aure'ola (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. p.
513.) clothed with velvety down ; branchlets from compressed to
terete ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends : veins
parallel, and are as well as the nerve yellowish ; stipulas broad,
ovate, drawn out each into a setaceous acumen at the apex, which
is sometimes undivided, and sometimes biaristate ; corymbs pe-
dunculate, trichotomous ; calyx 5-toothed, and are, as well as the
corollas, downy. I? • S. Native of Mexico. Branches and
leaves yellowish in the dried state. Leaves 2 or 2 \ inches long,
and 9-10 lines broad. Petioles a line long.
Golden Psychotria. Shrub.
86 P. scabriu'scula (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod.
4. p. 513.) branchlets a little compressed ; young leaves and pe-
duncles clothed with very fine down ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
attenuated at both ends, at length glabrous on the upper surface ;
stipulas ovate, biaristate, shorter than the petioles ; corymbs
trichotomous, pedunculate, shorter than the leaves ; fruit glo-
bosely didymous. T? • S. Native of Mexico, about Acapulco.
Allied to P. aureola. Peduncles often changed into lateral elon-
gated pseudo-axillary branches.
Roughish Psychotria. Shrub.
87 P. Mexica'na (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
192.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, rather membra-
nous; stipulas bipartite, acute ; panicles narrow, terminal. Tj .
5. Native of Mexico. Humb. et Bonpl. This plant is re-
ferred to Palicoilrea fastigiata by Sprengel, who is proDably
correct.
Mexican Psychotria. Shrub.
88 P. padifo'lia (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189.)
leaves oblong, acuminated, pilose on the veins beneath ; stipulas
bipartite, linear-subulate ; panicles corymbose, terminal. I? . S.
Native of Mexico, about Xalappa. Humb. et Bonpl.
Bird-cherry -leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
******* A species native of Florida.
89 P. lanceoea'ta (Nutt, in Sill. amer. journ. 5. p. 290.)
branches and under sides of leaves clothed with rusty down ;
leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas stem-clasp-
ing, roundish, deciduous, sphacelate ; corymbs terminal, tricho-
tomous from the base. ^ • S. Native of Eastern Florida.
Leaves 2-3 inches long. Berries ovate, red.
Lanceolate- leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
******** A species native of the Bahamas.
90 P. unda'ta (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. p. 5. t. 260. fragm.
101.) glabrous; leaves oval-lanceolate or oblong, acuminated at
both ends, undulated ; stipulas connate, ovate, deciduous, a little
shorter than the petioles ; cymes terminal, sessile, tripartite, with
trichotomous branches ; corolla with a naked throat, but the
tube is villous at the origin of the filaments. T? . S. Native
of the Bahama Islands. Leaves acute at both ends, wavy,
shining above, 3-4 inches long. Corollas white, with reflexed
segments. Berries small, roundish, red.
IFauy-leaved Psychotria. FI. May, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
********* Species natives of the West India Islands.
91 P. floribu'nda (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
359.) glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acuminated at both ends, coriaceous ; stipulas oblong, obtuse ;
cymes pedunculate, of 6 rays, much branched, diffuse: the rays
again divided into 4-5 rays; bracteas and calycine teeth hairy;
stamens length of the lobes of the corolla. Ij . S. Native ot
South America, in the province of Carthagena near Turbaco? ex
592
RUBIACE.ZE. CLXXI. Psychotria.
Kuntli ; in the Island of Martinico, ex Sieb. ; and of Guada-
loupe, ex Perrottet.
Bundle-Lowered Psychotria. Shrub.
92 P. tenuieolia (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
402.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, mem-
branous ; stipulas ovate, deciduous, bifid, with acuminated lobes;
panicles erect, almost sessile, shorter than the leaves ; throat of
corolla villous. 1? • S. Native of Hispaniola, among bushes.
Leaves with an obtuse acumen, ex Swartz. Panicles trichoto-
mous. Flowers small, white. Berries oblong, glabrous. — P.
glabrata, Sieb. fl. mart. no. 73. does not differ from the plant of
Swartz, unless in the leaves being acutely acuminated. P. lauri-
folia, Bertero, collected in Hispaniola, has the leaves acute at the
apex, and the nerves of the leaves beset with rusty down under-
neath. In both, however, there are rufous cilia in the axils of
the leaves and stipulas.
Thin-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
93 P. nervosa (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 403.)
glabrous ; leaves ovate, acute at the base, and acuminated at the
apex, veined, a little undulated ; stipulas oblong, acuminated,
emarginate, deciduous ; corymbs tripartite, with trichotomously
pjmicled branches ; throat of corolla villous ; berries oblong.
1?. S. Native of Jamaica, among bushes. P. stipulacea,
Swartz, in herb. L’Her. Branches a little compressed. Pani-
cles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves. Stipulas
large, rusty.
Nerved- leaved Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
94 P. la'xa (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 407. but not of Ruiz et
Pav.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, hardly nerved, on
very short petioles ; stipulas ovate, acuminated, deciduous ;
corymbs terminal, tripartite from the base, trichotomous, having
the branches and pedicels rather capillary and loose ; berries
oblong. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, among bushes on the moun-
tains. Stipulas small, subciliated. Fruit oblong, acuminated at
both ends. Branches terete. Leaves 1-2 inches long.
Zoose-corymbed Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
95 P. oligo'tricha (D. C. prod. 4. p. 514.) glabrous ; leaves
elliptic, acuminated at both ends, membranous, hairy in the axils
of the veins ; stipulas ovate, membranous, rufous, deciduous ;
corymbs sessile, tripartite, having the branches trichotomous ;
throat of corolla bearded. Ty . S. Native of Jamaica, Porto-
Rico, Martinique, &c. P. horizontalis, Spreng. in herb. Balb.
It differs from P. horizontalis in the nerves of the leaves being
glabrous, in the throat of the corolla being bearded, not naked ;
and in the corymbs being sessile, not pedunculate. Very nearly
allied to P. undata and P. chimarrhoides.
Few-haired Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
96 P. chimarrhoi'des (D. C. prod. 4. p. 514.) glabrous ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, membranous ;
stipulas ovate, obtuse, rusty, deciduous, length of the petioles ;
cymes terminal, sessile, tripartite : with the branchlets 3 times
shorter than the leaves. . S. Native of Guadaloupe and
Trinidad, ex Sieb. fl. trin. no. 256 ; and of Cuba. Fruit oval,
striated, crowned by the 5-toothed calyx. Leaves 3 or 31-
inches long, and 7-9 lines broad. Very nearly allied to P. un-
data, but differs in the leaves being flat, and one-half narrower ;
and in the fruit being oval, not spherical.
Chimarrhis-like Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
97 P. capitelea'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 514.) branchlets com-
pressed, glabrous ; leaves elliptic, a little cuneated at the base,
and acuminated at the apex, membranous, glabrous ; stipulas
drawn out into 2 setaceous ligulae ; peduncles terminal, hairy,
bearing three nearly sessile downy bracteate heads of flowers,
one-half shorter than the leaves. . S. Native of Trini-
dad. Sieb. fl. trin. no. 236. Habit different from any other
species.
Capitellate-fi owered Psychotria. Shrub.
98 P. oliga'ntha (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, cuneated at the
base, nerved : nerves prominent beneath, rather roughish ; sti-
pulas bifid, with triangular acute lobes ; peduncles terminal,
shorter than the leaves, 2-flowered at the apex ; fruit ovate.
. S. Native of St. Domingo. P. lineata, Spreng. in herb.
Balb. ; and in syst. 1. p. 746. exclusive of the svnonymes.
Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 9-10 lines broad. Pedicels li inch
long. Flowers unknown. Berry striated a little.
Fen-flonered Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
99 P. Portorice'nsis (D.C. prod. 4. p. 515.) branches, pe-
tioles, nerves of leaves, and peduncles clothed with rusty hairs ;
leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, and clothed with velvety
down on both surfaces ; stipulas ovate, large, membranous, ru-
fous, deciduous ; cymes terminal, sessile, tripartite, with the
branches trichotomous ; throat of corolla villous, • S. Native
of Porto-Rico, in woods by the sea-side, where it was collected
by Bertero. P. hirsuta from Porto-Rico, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
744. It differs from P. villosa and P. hirsuta in the inflores-
cence being a sessile cyme, not a pedunculate panicle.
Porto-Rico Psychotria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
100 P. Berteria'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 515.) leaves ovate-
oblong, acuminated at both ends, glabrous above, downy on the
nerves beneath, and branches of the panicle ; stipulas twin on
both sides, ovate, acute, hardly joined at the base ; branches and
branchlets of panicle opposite ; tube of corolla short, Jj . S.
Native of St. Domingo and Porto-Rico. Nonatelia pubescens,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 751. Leaves membranous, 7 inches long,
and 3 inches broad. Petioles 9-10 lines long; axils of leaves
somewhat ciliated. Fruit globose, furrowed.
Bertero' s Psychotria. Shrub.
101 P. brachia'ta (Swartz, prod. p. 45. fl. ind. occ. p. 415.)
leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, glabrous ; stipulas
oval-oblong, bluntly bidentate ; branches tetragonal ; branches
and branchlets of panicle opposite, spreadingly divaricate, downy :
ultimate flowers by threes, girded by a double bractea. J; . S.
Native of the south of Jamaica, on high mountains, ex Swartz;
and of St. Domingo, ex Bertero. Nonatelia officinalis, Spreng.
in herb. Balb. Leaves downy on the' veins beneath. Flowers
dirty white. Fruit deep blue, oblong.
Brachiate- panicled Psychotria. Clt. 1793. Sh. 6 to 7 feet.
102 P. pube'scens (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
424.) branches, petioles, leaves (especially underneath), and
panicles downy ; leaves ovate, acuminated at both ends ; stipu-
las with 2 short acute teeth ; panicles cymose, spreading, length
of leaves. 1? . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo, in
hedges and waste places. Psychotrophum, P. Browne, jam.
161. no. 5. Panicles trichotomous, with usually a sessile flowir
in each fork. Pedicels furnished with linear opposite bracteas.
Flowers greenish yellow, downy outside ; throat of corolla vil-
lous. Berries downy, roundish, didymous, black, containing
bluish juice.
Downy Psychotria. Clt. 1812. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
103 P. horizonta'eis (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. p
410.) branches terete, horizontal, smooth; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, acute, downy beneath on the nerves, as well as the pe-
tioles and panicles; stipulas small, ovate, deciduous, minute;
peduncles shorter than the leaves ; panicles erect, with the
branches horizontal, and tripartite at the apex ; throat of corolla
naked. 1? . S. Native of St. Domingo, in chalky dry places.
The leaves are said by Swartz to be downy beneath, and villous
on the petioles and nerves. Flowers small, dirty white ; anthers
white. Berries oblong.
Var. fi, cuspidata (D.C. prod. 4. p. 515.) stipulas broad,
short, cuspidate, tnarcescent ; throat of corolla hairy. . S.
RUBIACE^E. CLXXI. Psyciiotria.
Native of St. Domingo, where it was collected by Bertero. Per-
haps a proper species.
Horizontal-\ea\ed Psyciiotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
104 P. corymbosa (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
423.) glabrous; leaves ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, shining;
stipulas bidentate : teeth lanceolate ; corymbs trichotomous,
erect, shorter than the leaves ; peduncles and pedicels coloured ;
throat of corolla naked. . S. Native of Jamaica, on the
mountains, ex Swartz ; Hispaniola, ex Spreng ; and Guadaloupe,
ex herb. Balb. Branches terete. Peduncles purple, as well as
the bracteas, which are subulate. Corolla purplish, tubular,
with a naked white throat. Berries globose, reddish. Perhaps
a species of Palicoiirea. In the specimen collected by Bertero
the tube of the corolla is 4 lines long, and the berries are round-
ish, didymous, and rather compressed, and crowned by the acute
teeth of the calyx.
Corymbose-doviexed Psychotria. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
105 P. nu'tans (Swartz, prod. 4. p. 515.) glabrous ; leaves
lanceolate, acute, nerved ; stipulas bidentate, marcescent, deci-
duous, acute ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate, trichotomous,
shorter than the leaves, erect when bearing the flowers, but
nutant when bearing the fruit. Ij . S. Native of Hispaniola,
on arid cretaceous hills. Corollas small, white, with acute seg-
ments ; anthers yellow. Berries round, scarlet, size of red
currants.
Nodding-coxy robed Psychotria. Shrub.
106 P. conge'sta (Spreng. in herb. Balb. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 515.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acute at the base, and
acuminated at the apex ; stipulas deciduous ; panicles pedun-
culate, trichotomous, .loose ; ultimate branches of the panicle
bearing 3-4 flowers in a heap ; throat of the corolla bearded ;
anthers inclosed. T? . S. Native of Jamaica. Leaves inches
long, and 9-10 lines broad. Petioles 2 lines long. In the axils
of the leaves and stipulas there are rufous ciliae. Panicles
longer than the leaves. Flowers small.
Crowded Psychotria. Shrub.
107 P. pa'tens (Swartz, prod. p. 45. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 419.)
glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, roughish, mem-
branous, distich ; stipulas bidentate ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves ; panicles second, with spreading branches ; throat of the
corolla naked. 1? . S. Native of Jamaica, on the higher moun-
tains, and probably of St. Domingo, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 746.
Young branches compressed. Flowers small, white, with a re-
flexed limb. Berries roundish, black.
Apreading-panicled Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
108 P. myrtiphy'llum (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. 1.
405.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, nerveless, shining, stiff ;
stipulas ovate, deciduous ; branches secund ; racemes com-
pound, terminal ; throat of the corolla villous ; berries oblong.
I? • S. Native of the north of Jamaica, in logwood forests.
Myrtiphy'llum, P. Browne, jam. p. 152. — Sloane, jam. hist. 2.
p. 102. t. 109. f. 2. The shrub has a habit like the myrtle.
Leaves an inch long, deep green, grey beneath from numerous
small dots. Branches of racemes trifid. Flowers white. Ber-
ries scarlet, with the dissepiment usually vanished at maturity.
Myrtle-leaved Psychotria. Clt. 1826. Shrub 3 feet.
109 P. parasitica (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
408.) plant sarmentose, radicant, and glabrous ; leaves ovate,
acuminated, veinless, rather succulent ; stipulas stem-clasping,
retuse, permanent ; cymes terminal and axillary, pedunculate ;
throat of the corolla downy; berries nearly globose. J? . S.
Native of Martinique, Montserrat, St. Christopher, Dominica,
Guadaloupe, &c., parasitical upon trees. Viscoides pendulum,
Jacq. amer. p. 73. t. 51. f. 1. Branches pendulous. Cymes
trichotomous. Flowers small, white, pedicellate. Berries round,
scarlet.
593
Parasitical Psychotria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1802. Shrub
parasitical.
110 P. marginata (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. p. 400.)
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute, margined with carti-
laginous bristles ; stipulas ovate, acuminated, entire, deciduous,
length of petioles ; panicles loose, pedunculate ; anthers inclosed ;
berries ovate, fj . S. Native of the south of Jamaica, in woods;
and of Panama and Mexico. Bartl. in herb. Hasnke. Psychotr.
P. Browne, jam. 161. no. 6. Leaves shining above, and glau-
cescent beneath. Branches of panicle opposite, slender, 3-6-
flowered. Corollas small, white, glabrous, with a reflexed limb.
Berries black.
Marginate-\eaved Psychotria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1816.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
111 P. hirsu'ta (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 396.)
branches, panicles, petioles, and leaves clothed with rusty hairs ;
leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute ; stipulas lanceolate, undivided,
deciduous ; panicles pedunculate, spreading ; throat of corolla
villous; berries ovate, downy. 1? . S. Native of the south of
Jamaica, in woods of long standing. Branches of panicles tricho-
tomous. Flowers white. Berries red.
Hairy Psychotria. Clt. 1826. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
112 P. fce'tens (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 396.)
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute ; stipulas ovate, acumi-
nated, deciduous, entire ; panicles pedunculate, much spreading,
with reflexed filiform divisions ; throat of corolla villous ; an-
thers oblong, among the villi in the throat ; berries oblong. .
S. Native of the south of Jamaica, in woods on the mountains.
Panicle of 4 main branches, the ultimate branchlets bearing 3
flowers. Flowers small, white. Berries small, oblong, scarlet.
Stinking Psychotria. Shrub.
113 P. We'stii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 516.) glabrous; branches
terete ; leaves oblong-elliptic, attenuated at both ends, membra-
nous ; stipulas deciduous ; corymbs pedunculate, trichotomous,
loose, diverging, having the ultimate branchlets 3-flowered ;
throat of corolla naked; corolla oblong; anthers linear ; fruit
nearly globose, crowned by the calyx. . S. Native of Porto-
Rico, where it was collected by West. Leaves 4-5 inches long,
and 1-2 broad. Petioles 7-8 lines long. Branches of corymb
2 inches long, but the first branches are diverging, and about an
inch long. Calyx 5-toothed. Lobes of corolla acute.
J Vest’s Psychotria. Shrub.
114 P. polya'ntha (D. C. prod. 4. p. 516.) glabrous; sti-
pulas ovate, acuminated ; leaves elliptic, acuminated at both
ends, stiff, membranous ; panicles on long peduncles, trichoto-
mously branched ; ihroat of corolla bearded ; stamens glabrous ;
anthers exserted. 1? • S. Native of St. Domingo, where it was
collected by Bertero. P. laurifolia, Spreng. in herb. Balb.
Superior leaves 10 inches long, and 4 broad, pale beneath. Pe-
tioles an inch long. Common peduncle of panicle 6 inches long.
Flowers very numerous, glabrous, except in the throat. Fruit
unknown.
Many -flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
115 P. citrifolia (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 398.)
glabrous ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, rather coriaceous ; stipu-
las ovate, acuminated, permanent ; peduncles short ; branches of
panicle opposite, trichotomous ; throat of corolla villous ; berries
oblong. fj . S. Native of the West India Islands. Branches
compressed a little. Leaves coloured like those of the orange,
3-6 inches long. Corolla white, having the throat and segments
villous. Berries large, ribbed. P. brachiata, Spreng. in herb.
Balb.
Citron-leaved Psychotria. Clt. 1793. Shrub.
116 P. laurifolia (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
392.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, thickish, shining; sti-
pulas ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; panicles cymose, erect,
4 G
voi. III.
594
RUBIACEA?. CLXXI. Psychotria.
tricliotomons ; filaments ciliated ; anthers inclosed in the bearded
throat ; berries roundish. . S. Native of Jamaica and His-
paniola. Corolla white, with acute lobes. Stipulas downy.
Berries red, shining. Said to be allied to P. glabrhta.
Laurel-leaved, Psychotria. FI. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub
4 to 5 feet.
1 17 P. Bro'wnei (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 742.) glabrous ; leaves
elliptic, attenuated at both ends, rather coriaceous, paler beneath;
stipulas ovate, hardly mucronate, caducous, length of petioles ;
panicles pedunculate, trichotomous, rising from the forks of the
branches ; berries ovate. F? . S. Native of Porto-Rico, St.
Thomas, and Jamaica. Browne, jam. p. 160. no. 2. t. 17. f. 2.
P. Asiatica, Lam. ill. t. 161. f. 1. Allied to P. Carthaginensis,
but differs from it in the fruit being ovate, not oblong, and in
the stamens being inclosed, and in the throat of the corolla being
glabrous, ex icon. Browne.
Browne's Psychotria. FI. July. Clt. 1806. Sh. 4 to 5 feet.
118 P. Balbisia'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 517.) glabrous; leaves
elliptic, acute at both ends, rather acuminated, stiffish ; stipulas
ovate, deciduous ; peduncles rising from the forks of the branches
or from their tops, equal in length to the leaves, corymbiferous
and trichotomous at the apex ; corolla with a villous throat, and
having the lobes shorter than the tube. Fj . S. Native of Ja-
maica, where it was collected by Bertero. P. lOcida, Spreng. in
herb. Balb. Leaves 3 inches long and lA broad. Corolla gla-
brous, except the throat, which is villous, 3 lines long. Berries
ovate.
Balbis’s Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
119 P. revolu'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 517.) glabrous; leaves
elliptic, tapering to both ends, coriaceous, with revolute margins ;
stipulas oblong, rufous and membranous, deciduous ; corymbs
terminal, pedunculate, trichotomous, hardly longer than the
leaves; corolla with a subvillous throat, and having the lobes
shorter than the tube. T? . S. Native of St. Domingo, where
it was collected by Bertero. P. glabrata, ex Hispaniola, Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 745. no. 63. Leaves 2 or 2-| inches long, and 12-15
lines broad. Petioles 3-4 lines long. Berries ovate.
Revolute- leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
120 P. glabra'ta (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p.
390.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, shining ; stipulas small,
ovate, and acute, rusty, deciduous; panicle erect, with opposite
branches; margin of calyx almost entire. Tj . S. Native of the
interior of Jamaica, among rocks on the mountains. P. glabrata
ex Jamaica, Spreng. P. Asiatica a, Poir. diet. 5. p. 696. but
not of Lin. Allied to P. Asidtica, but is distinct according to
Swartz. Corolla small, white, with a villous throat. Berries
oblong.
Glabrous Psychotria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub 4
to 6 feet.
121 P. exse'rta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 517.) glabrous; leaves
oblong, bluntish, cuneated at the base, coriaceous, shining above;
stipulas lanceolate, acute, rather connate at the base, deciduous;
corymbs pedunculate, trichotomous, longer than the leaves ;
corollas glabrous; anthers exserted. 1? . S. Native of St.
Domingo, where it was collected by Bertero. P. coriacea ex
Hispaniola, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 742. exclusive of the synonymes.
Corolla tubular, 3 lines long, with very short bluntish lobes.
.Exsofed-stamened Psychotria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
122 P. platyphy'lla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 517.) glabrous;
stipulas bipartite, with triangular acute lobes ; leaves elliptic,
acuminated at both ends, membranous ; branchlets tetragonal ;
panicles racemose, rather downy, one-half shorter than the
leaves, with opposite branches; throat of corolla glabrous. Ij . S.
Native of Porto-Rico. P. macrophylla, Vent, in herb. Deless.
Leaves 8 inches long and 3 broad. Petioles 15-18 lines long.
Flowers white.
Broad-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
123 P. gra'ndis (Swartz, prod. p. 43. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 417.)
glabrous ; leaves obovate, short-acuminated, cuneated at the
base ; stipulas deltoid, with revolute margins, subulate at the
apex, permanent ; branches angular ; panicles large, peduncu-
late, with subverticillate branches. T? . S. Native of Jamaica,
in the interior and western parts of the island, among bushes on
the mountains ; and of Mexico, ex herb. Haenke. Leaves a foot
and more long, and 3 inches broad. Branches of panicle com-
pressed, usually ternately verticillate. Flowers numerous, small,
white. Throat of corolla villous. Berries ovate.
Great Psychotria. Shrub 12 to 15 feet.
124 P. peduncula'ta (Swartz, prod. p. 44. fl. ind. occ. p.
427.) glabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute at the base, and
acuminated at the apex, rather wrinkled ; stipulas shorter than
the petioles, bidentate on both sides, permanent ; peduncles
longer than the leaves, cymose at the apex, dense- flowered. Fj .
S. Native of the interior of Jamaica, in mountain woods. P.
attenu&ta, Willd. Psychotrophum, P. Browne, jam. p. 160. no.
4. Branches rather angular. Branches of panicle trichotomous,
approximate. Corolla large, cylindrical, yellowish, with a naked
throat. Berries roundish.
Pedunculate Psychotria. Clt. 1818. Tree 16 to 20 feet.
125 P. angustifolia (Poir. diet. 5. p. 703.) glabrous ; leaves
narrow-lanceolate, usually obtuse at the base, and acuminated at
the apex ; stipulas bidentate, acuminated ; panicles erect, tricho-
tomous at the apex, shorter than the leaves ; berries globose.
Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers unknown. Nerves of
leaves and pedicels yellow. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and an
inch broad. Border of calyx hardly toothed. Berries globose,
dark purple.
Narrow-leaved Psychotria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
126 P. barba'ta (Poir. diet. 5. p. 704.) plant subherbaceous,
glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, membranous ; branches
compressed, rather angular ; panicles pedunculate, spreading ;
lobes of corolla obtuse ; throat of corolla villous ; anthers ex-
serted. Fj . S. Native of Martinico. Leaves 2 inches long.
Ramifications of panicle tern or dichotomous. Fruit unknown.
Bearded- flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
127 P. bi'color (Bredem. ex Willd. mss. in Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 191.) glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, on short
petioles ; stipulas bidentate, setose ; flowers panicled ; peduncles
copper-coloured. 12 • S. Native of Martinico, on the banks of
mountain streams. Perhaps the same as Palicourea crocea.
Two-coloured Psychotria. Shrub.
********** Species natives of South America, but in nhat
particular localities is unknown.
128 P. phytola'cca (Poir. diet. 5. p. 704.) glabrous ; leaves
ovate, short-acuminated, petiolate, rather fleshy ; panicles short,
cymose ; flowers crowded ; fruit globose, Fj . S. Native ol
South America, ex Poir., St. Domingo, ex herb. Desf. Leaves
like those of Phytolacca. Flowers numerous, disposed in an
irregular order.
Phytolacca- leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
129 P. coria'cea (Poir. diet. 5. p. 703.) glabrous ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, very coriaceous, shining ; panicles few-flowered,
much shorter than the leaves, dichotomous ; corolla tubular :
teetb of calyx and lobes of corolla obtuse. F? . S. Native ot
South America. Stems blackish. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and
2 broad. Panicles yellowish, divided into 3-4 compressed
branches, which are bifurcate at the apex. Perhaps a species ol
Palicourea.
Co?iflceous-leaved Psychotria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1810.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
130 P. arista' ta (Willd. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
RUBIACEiE. CLXXI. Psychotria.
595
191. ) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, shining above,
but downy on the veins beneath ; stipulas connate, aristately bi-
dentate ; panicles terminal, elongated ; peduncles and pedicels
hairy. T? . S. Native of South America, where it was collected
by Humb. and Bonpl., but is unknown to Kunth.
^wned-stipuled Psychotria. Shrub.
131 P. sple'ndens (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 747.) leaves lanceo-
late, narrowed at the base, bluntish, shining ; stipulas decidu-
ous ; corymbs few-flowered, pedunculate, terminal, . S. Na-
tive of South America, at the Rio Negro, where it was collected
by Humb. and Bonpl., but is unknown to Kunth. P. lucida,
Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189.
Gliltering-leaveA Psychotria. Shrub.
132 P. lamprophy'lla (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 747.) leaves nar-
row-lanceolate, elongated, tapering to both ends, coriaceous,
shining above, quite glabrous and veinless beneath ; stipulas
short, caducous ; panicles terminal, tripartite. Tj . S. Native
of South America. P. salicifolia, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 190. The rest unknown.
Shining-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
133 P. attenua'ta (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
192. ) leaves ovate-elliptic, long-acuminated, membranous; sti-
pulas bidentate ; cymes terminal. . S. Native of South
America, where it was collected by Humb. and Bonpl., but is
unknown to Kunth. It is joined with P. pedunculata by Spren-
gel, who is probably right.
Attenuated- leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
134 P. ? dicho'toma (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 518.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute ; stipulas bifid; spikes dicho-
tomous. T? . S. Native of South America, where it was col-
lected by Humb. and Bonpl.
Dichotomous- spiked Psychotria. Shrub.
135 P. commuta'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 518.) leaves elliptic,
acute at both ends, rather membranous ; stipulas oblong, obtuse,
stem-clasping ; panicle corymbose, terminal. Ij . S. Native of
South America. Humb. and Bonpl. P. elhptica, Willd. in
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 189. but not of Ker.
Changed Psychotria. Shrub.
136 P. membrana'cea (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5.
p. 189.) leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, membranous; sti-
pulas ovate, acute. T? • S. Native of South America, where it
was collected by Humb. and Bonpl.
Membranaceous- leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
*********** Species natives of Africa.
137 P. Nu'bica (Caill. et Delil. pi. afr. p, 66.) leaves elliptic,
glabrous above, acutish at both ends, with the nerves on the
under surface prominent and downy ; stipulas triangular ; cymes
terminal, with trifid crowded branches, which are downy, as well
as the corollas ; style much exserted. Jj . S. Native of the
north of Africa, in Nubia, at Singue. Teeth of calyx 5, obtuse,
very short. Stigma turoinate, bifid. Tube of corolla campanu-
late. Fruit unknown.
Nubian Psychotria. Shrub.
138 P. ? psathuroIdes (D. C. prod. 4. p. 518.) glabrous;
| leaves oblong, acute at both ends, coriaceous, petiolate ; stipulas
ovate, obtuse, deciduous, 4 times shorter than the petioles ; pani-
cles terminal, shorter than the leaves, with opposite branches ;
calyx truncate ; corolla divided beyond the middle. J? . S.
Native of the Mauritius, where it was collected by Bory de St.
Vincent. The flowers are not wrell known ; and the fruit is per-
fectly unknown.
Psathura-like Psychotria. Shrub.
139 P. ? obtusifolia (Lam. ill. t. 161. f. 4. Poir. diet. 5. p.
67.) glabrous; leaves obovate, cuneated, very blunt, tapering
! into the very short petioles ; stipulas twin on both sides, some-
what concrete at the base, ending in linear points ; corymbs tri-
fid, pedunculate, much shorter than the leaves, with the branch-
lets bearing crowded sessile flowers at the apex. Tj • S. Native
of Madagascar, where it is called Maron-Pouton. Leaves 4-5
inches long and 2 broad. Berries ovate, striated.
Blunt-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
140 P. angustifolia ; shrub erect, nearly simple ; leaves oval-
lanceolate, entire, acuminated ; flowers panicled, terminal. 1? • S.
Native of Sierra Leone, on the banks of rivulets. Flowers pale red.
Narrow-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
************ Species natives of Asia.
141 P. se'rpens (Lin. mant. p. 204.) plant suffruticose, much
branched, twisted, glabrous; branchlets rather compressed, but
at length becoming terete ; leaves ovate, acute at both ends,
coriaceous; stipulas ovate, obtuse, undivided, brown, deciduous;
corymbs pedunculate, tricholomous, terminal, having the pedun-
cles and branchlets 2-edged ; berries ovate. I? . G. Native of
China and the East Indies.
Serpentine- branched Psychotria. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
142 P. Roxbu'rghii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 519.) branchlets op-
posite, complanate, downy, but becoming smooth at length ;
leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, membranous, shining
above, downy on the nerves beneath, which are parallel ; stipu-
las oval, about equal in length to the petioles, recurved at the
apex, acutely bifid ; panicles terminal, on short peduncles ; pe-
dicels downy, compressed, umbellate ; lobes of calyx ciliated.
Jj . S. Native of the Moluccas. P. Asiatica, Lin. spec. ? ex-
clusive of the synonymes. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 160. Leaves
8-10 inches long. Flow'ers very small, greenish. Bracteas
small, lanceolate. Throat of corolla villous ; anthers inclosed.
Berries oval, 10-nerved (conforming to that in the figures of
Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 25. and Browne, jam. t. 17. f. 2.), deep red.
Roxburgh’s Psychotria. Shrub.
143 P. sPHiEROCA'RPA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 161.)
glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acumi-
nated, coriaceous, with parallel veins ; stipulas ovate, about equal
in length to the petioles, recurved at the apex, and acutely bifid ;
corymbs pedunculate, compact, villous ; teeth of calyx subulate ;
berries globose, smooth. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, on
the hills near Silhet. Leaves 8-12 inches long, shining above.
Flowers very small, crowded. Corolla densely bearded at the
throat. Berries pale red, without ribs.
Round-fruited Psychotria. Shrub.
144 P. truncata (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 162.) gla-
brous ; axils of petioles pilose ; branchlets somewhat compres-
sed ; leaves elliptic-ovate, acute, attenuated at the base, coria-
ceous, foveolate in the axils of the veins beneath ; stipulas broad-
ovate, undivided, coriaceous, deciduous ; corymbs terminal,
small, pedunculate, fleshy, bracteolate ; limb of calyx truncate ;
throat of corolla bearded. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies.
Leaves 6-8 inches long and 4 broad. Petioles submarginate.
Backs of stipulas depressed. Flowers rather large, by threes,
intermediate ones sessile.
7Ywncafe-calyxed Psychotria. Shrub.
1 45 P. conna'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 1 63.) glabrous ;
branchlets compressed ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, tapering
much at the base, almost sessile, coriaceous ; stipulas ovate,
acutely cuspidate, longer than the petioles, rather recurved at
the apex ; corymbs terminal, ovate, on long peduncles, with the
first ramifications umbellate, the rest trichotomous ; bracteas
connate at the base, ciliated, slightly lobed ; flowers by threes,
sessile ; throat of corolla bearded. T? . S. Native of the East
Indies. Leaves foveolate in the axils of the nerves beneath.
Peduncles rather compressed. Berries ovate, almost black, an-
ular when dried.
4 g 2
596
RUBIACEjE. CLXXI. Psychotria.
Connate- bractead Psychotria. Shrub.
146 P. stipula'cea (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 164.) gla-
brous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, coriaceous, nerved,
tapering at the base, almost sessile, smooth ; stipulas broad,
triangular, expanded into foliaceous lamina at the apex ; pa-
nicles terminal, trichotomous, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels
compressed ; flowers by threes, sessile ; lobes of calyx obtuse.
S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Leaves 7-10 inches long,
somewhat glandular in the axils of the veins beneath. On the
inside of the base of the stipulas there is a tuft of hairs, which
remains some time after the stipulas have fallen. Corolla with a
very short tube, and a bearded throat. Stamens exserted.
Large-stipuled Psychotria. Shrub.
147 P. Reeve'sii (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 164.) gla-
brous ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, acute at both ends, smooth,
glaucous, coriaceous ; stipulas broad-ovate, adpressed, with a
rounded apex ; panicles terminal, oval, small, with decussate
branches ; limb of calyx truncate ; corolla short, with a densely
bearded throat. Tj . G. Native of China, from which place it
was sent to the botanic garden at Calcutta by Mr. Reeves.
Branches beset with copious small whitish dots, having the upper
extremities slightly compressed. Leaves 6-7 inches long, a little
wrinkled, foveolate in the axils of the veins beneath. Panicles
almost sessile. Bracteas deciduous. Flowers small, by threes,
pea-green. Stamens concealed among the hairs in the throat of
the corolla.
Reeves’s Psychotria. Shrub.
148 P. auranti'aca (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 165.) gla-
brous; branches flattened ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, smooth,
on short petioles ; stipulas ovate, acuminated, deciduous ; pani-
cles terminal, pedunculate, erect, with whorled branches ; flowers
by threes, middle ones sessile ; limb of calyx truncate ; corolla
with a long tube, and a villous throat. . S. Native of Pulo-
Penang, Java, and Nusa-Kambanga. Blum, bijdr. p. 962.
Leaves 5-7 inches long, dotted beneath. Stipulas ending in a
long subulate acumen each. Peduncles compressed. Stamens ex-
serted. Berries obovate, as large as a cherry stone, orange-co-
loured, ex Wall, but ovate, and 10-ribbed according to speci-
mens from Java.
Orawge-coloured-fruited Psychotria. Shrub.
149 P. denticula'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 520.) stem
ascending, with a creeping base, compressed at the apex ; leaves
ovate, short-acuminated, coriaceous, shining ; stipulas ovate,
subcordate, with a toothed apex, downy outside, about equal in
length to the petioles ; panicles cymose, many flowered, downy ;
teeth of calyx subulate ; corolla rather rotate. Jj . S. Native
of Nipaul, in the forest of Sanko. Stem purplish, undivided, or
sparingly dichotomous. Leaves from 6-9 inches long, upper
surface dark green, under pallid. Stipulas villous within at the
base. Panicles cymose, downy. Throat of corolla slightly
hairy. Teeth of calyx subulate. Berries globular, purple, size
of currants.
Denticulated- stipuled Psychotria. Shrub creeping.
150 P. adenoi’hy'lla (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 166.)
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, shining, with parallel
nerves, which are glandular in the axils ; stipulas ovate, blunt,
connate at the base, deciduous ; racemes terminal, cylindrical, a
little branched at the base; peduncles compressed; bracteas
aristately acuminated. \\ . S. Native of the East Indies, in
Silhet. The uppermost branches dichotomous, and a little com-
pressed. Leaves 3-4 inches long, pallid beneath. Peduncles
flattened. Flowers greenish, in heaps, almost sessile. Corolla
with a short tube, a villous throat, and acute segments.
Glandular-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
151 P. ? curviflora (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 167.)
glabrous ; branchlets terete ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, long-
acuminated, tapering much to the base, on long petioles, mem-
branous, shining above, and pubescent on the nerves beneath,
and glandular in the axils ; stipulas ovate, obtuse, connate at the
base, sometimes furnished with 1-2 teeth at the apex, with a
series of adpressed hairs within their insertion, deciduous;
racemes small, terminal, oval, compact, on short peduncles, much
shorter than the leaves ; corolla long, slender, tubular, with an
incurved border. J; . S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Petioles
long. Racemes smooth, consisting of opposite approximate
more or less compound fascicles of long sessile flowers. Corollas
nearly an inch long, with lanceolate acute lobes, and a naked
throat. Anthers exserted. Filaments inserted near the middle
of the corolline tube. Perhaps a species of Chasdlia or Pali-
courea.
Curved-Jlowered Psychotria. Shrub.
152 P. ophioxyloides (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 168.)
smooth, climbing, dichotomous ; leaves lanceolate, on short peti-
oles, acuminated ; stipulas ovate, drawn out at the apex into an
acumen, which is often bifid ; corymbs small, terminal ; corollas
long, slender, tubular, with incurved lobes. 1? . S. Native of
Silhet, in the East Indies. Leaves smooth, acute at the base,
about 5 inches long. Perhaps a species of Chasdlia or Pali-
courea.
Snake-wood-like Psychotria. Shrub cl.
153 P. polyneu'ra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 520.) glabrous;
branchlets and peduncles compressed ; leaves elliptic-ovate,
short-acuminated, coriaceous, with usually 20 pairs of opposite
lateral nerves ; stipulas ovate, drawn out into a long setaceous
acumen, deciduous ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate, one half
shorter than the leaves ; limb of the calyx with 5 short teeth ;
corolla short, with a smoothish throat. T?- S. Native of Ni-
paul, where it was collected by Wallich. It agrees with P. au-
rantiaca in the stipulas, but differs from that plant in the short
corollas, &c. ; and from P. nervosa in the teeth of the calyx
being acute, not obtuse, nor membranous.
Many-nerved- leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
154 P. Wallichia'na (Spreng. cur. post. p. 79.) leaves oval,
acuminated, serrulated, nerved, glabrous ; stipulas simple ;
teeth of the calyx roundish, membranous ; panicles terminal,
glomerate. lj. S. Native of Nipaul, Wallich. P. nervosa,
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 137. but not of Swartz.
Wallich' s Psychotria. Shrub.
155 P. vagina'lis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 520.) glabrous; leaves
ovate-oblong, cuspidate at the apex, attenuated at the base ; sti-
pulas entire, foliaceous, combined into a sheatb-like tube, which
is bifid at the apex, having the lobes bidentate at the apex, in
front of the leaves ; panicles terminal, pedunculate, downy, with
the rachis compressed, and the branchlets opposite ; limb of the
calyx broadly campanulate, truncate. T? • S. Native of Ceylon.
Ophioxylon arboreum, Keen, in herb. Royen. Bracteas short,
acuminated, spreading. Fruit unknown. Perhaps a species of
Chiococca.
NAeat/icd-stipuled Psychotria. Shrub.
156 P. Malaya'na (Jack, in mal. misc. 1. no. 1. p. 3.) leaves
broad-lanceolate ; stipulas undivided ; panicles terminal, corym-
bose ; throat of the corolla bearded, . S. Native of Pulo-
Penang, where it is called Byumbaba by the Malays. Corolla
white, with a greenish limb.
Malay Psychotria. Shrub.
157 P. tortilis (Blum, bijdr. p. 958.) stem herbaceous, creep-
ing at the base ; leaves ovate-oblong, attenuated, smooth above,
reticulated beneath, and rather tomentose ; stipulas ovate, bifid ;
cymes compound, pedunculate, axillary, rarely terminal ; flowers
secund ; pyrenae 1-ribbed. 1? . S. Native of Java, on the
mountains, in humid places. Berries globose, ribbed. Perhaps
belonging to the first section of the genus.
RUBIACEiE. CLXXI. Psychotria.
597
7Ymfed-stemmed Psychotria. PI. creeping.
158 P. dive'roens (Blum, bijdr. p. 959.) leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated at both ends, coriaceous, glabrous above,
pallid beneath, and downy on the veins ; stipulas bifid, ciliated,
hardly shorter than the petioles ; corymbs terminal, trichoto-
mous ; corollas funnel-shaped ; drupes oval, dry, ribbed. T? . S.
Native of Java, on the higher mountains, in woods. P. divari-
cata, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 53. but not of Swartz.
Diverging Psychotria. Shrub.
159 P. lu'rida (Blum. bijdr. p. 959.) leaves lanceolate-ob-
long, acuminated, rather membranous, glabrous ; stipulas broad-
ovate, short, bidentate, adpressed ; corymbs terminal, trichoto-
mous ; flowers densely crowded, sessile ; calyxes obsoletely 5-
toothed, and are, as well as the peduncles, coloured ; tube of the
corolla elongated ; drupes globose. Fj . S. Native of the West
of Java, frequent in humid, shady places. Peduncles thickened
at length. Pyrense 1-ribbed on the back, and fenestrate inside.
Nearly allied to P. corymbosa and P. sphcerocarpa. — There is a
variety of this with oblong-lanceolate leaves.
Lurid Psychotria. Shrub.
160 P. gandaruss^fo'lia (Blum, bijdr. p. 960.) leaves on
short petioles, linear-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, mem-
branous, glabrous ; stipulas ovate, acute, bidentate ; cymes ter-
minal and axillary, dense, trifid. Fj . S. Native of the Island
of Java, in the province of Bantam, among bushes. Leaves 5
inches long, and 6-7 lines broad.
Gandarussa-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
161 P. monta'na (Blum, bijdr. p. 960.) leaves oblong, acu-
minated at both ends, membranous, glabrous ; stipulas intra-
axillary, membranous, clasping the petioles ; flowers terminal,
umbellately corymbose ; limb of the calyx urceolate, obso-
letely 5-toothed : corolla with a short sub-cylindrical tube ;
drupes elliptic globose ; pyrense wrinkled, with one furrow on the
back. Fj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains.
Mountain Psychotria. Shrub.
162 P. rostra'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 961.) leaves on short pe-
tioles, oblong-lanceolate, much acuminated, membranous, gla-
brous ; stipulas short, rather connate ; corymbs pedunculate,
dichotomous, or trichotomous ; calyxes obsoletely 5-toothed ;
corolla with a short cylindrical tube ; drupes nearly globose ;
pyrense smooth, obsoletely 1-ribbed. T? . S. Native of Java,
in shady places, on Mount Salak. Allied to P. montana and
P. tetrdndra.
Beaked Psychotria. Shrub.
163 P. tetra'ndra (Blum, bijdr. p. 961.) leaves on short
petioles, oblong, acuminated at both ends, membranous, gla-
brous, reticulated beneath ; stipulas short, acute ; corymbs pe-
dunculate, terminal ; flowers tetrandrous ; drupes nearly globose,
ribbed in the dry state. F? . S. Native of Java, in woods on
Mounts Salak and Seribu, &c. Sides of the leaves unequal.
Tetrandrous-A owered Psychotria. Shrub.
164 P. Rhinocero'tis (Ueinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 961.) leaves
cuneate-oblong, acute, coriaceous, glabrous above, tomentose be-
neath ; corymbs terminal, tomentose ; stipulas bifid, or trifid ;
flowers capitate ; tube of the corolla sub-campanulate ; drupes
ovate-globose, furrowed in the dried state. Fj . S. Native of
Java and Nusa-Kambanga, in humid parts of woods.
Rhinoceros Psychotria. Shrub.
165 P. robu'sta (Blum, bijdr. p. 962.) leaves obovate, or cu-
neate-oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous ; stipulas intra-
axillary, acuminated, connate at the base, and clasping the
petioles; panicles terminal, with whorled branches; limb of the
calyx urceolate, obsoletely 5-toothed ; tube of the corolla short,
cylindrical. 1? . S. Native of Java, on the mountains. P. lati-
folia, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 54. but not of Willd.
Robust Psychotria. Shrub.
166 P. viridiflora (Reinw. in Blum, bijdr. p. 963.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, membranous, gla-
brous ; stipulas ovate, obtuse, with membranous margins, ciliated
at the base ; corymbs terminal, divaricately trichotomous ; ca-
lyxes downy ; tube of the corolla short, cylindrical ; drupes
nearly globose, somewhat 10-ribbed in the dry state. Fj . S.
Native of Java, in humid places among bushes. Allied to P.
stipulacea, Wall.
Green-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
167 P. sylva'tica (Blum, bijdr. p. 963.) leaves on long peti-
oles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; stipulas ovate,
bluntish, membranous at the top, clasping the petioles; corymbs
terminal, trichotomous, glabrous ; tube of the corolla short, cy-
lindrical ; drupes elliptic-globose, ribbed when dry. \ . S.
Native of Java, in mountain woods. Allied to P. viridiflora.
Wood Psychotria. Shrub.
168 P. expa'nsa (Blum, bijdr. p. 963.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
acuminated at both ends, membranous, connate at the base ;
cymes pedunculate, terminal, 3-5-parted ; flowers sub-umbellate ;
calyx obsoletely 5-toothed; tube of the corolla short, cylindrical.
F? . S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak. Leaves
rather large.
Expanded Psychotria. Shrub.
169 P. laxiflora (Blum, bijdr. p. 964.) stem radicant and
climbing ; leaves on short petioles, elliptic-oblong, attenuated at
both ends, membranous, glabrous ; stipulas connate ; corymbs
tripartite, loose ; tube of the corolla somewhat campanulate ;
drupes nearly globose, furrowed when dry. 1? . S. Native of
Java, in mountain woods.
Lax-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
170 P. sarmentosa (Blum, bijdr. p. 964.) stem radicant and
climbing ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate, acuminated at
both ends, finely veined, coriaceous, glabrous ; stipulas connate ;
corymbs terminal, divaricate, trichotomous ; tube of the corolla
funnel-shaped ; drupes elliptic-globose, furrowed when dry.
Fj . S. Native of the west of Java, in woods on the higher
mountains. Allied to P. parasitica, Swartz.
Sarmentose Psychotria. Shrub.
171 P. leucoca'rfa (Blum, bijdr. p. 964.) stem radicant and
climbing ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, coriaceous, glabrous, terminal ones verticillately
approximate; stipulas connate ; corymbs terminal, trifid; flowers
capitate ; drupes globose ; pyrenae smooth on the back. Fj • S*
Native of Java, in woods on the mountains of Seribu. Allied
to P. sarmentosa.
White-fruited Psychotria. Shrub.
172 P. pauciflora (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 522.) glabrous ; branchlets compressed ; leaves narroiv-ob-
long, acute, tapering much at the base, rather coriaceous, glau-
cescent ; stipulas lanceolate, elongated, deciduous; corymbs ter-
minal, trifid to the base, having the branches bearing from 1 to 3
flowers; calyx truncate ; fruit obovate. 1? . S. Native of the
Island of Luzon. Colour of the leaves and habit almost of P. alba.
Few-flowered Psychotria. Shrub.
173 P. ixoroides (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 522.) glabrous; branchlets compressed ; leaves oblong, taper-
ing much at the base, short-acuminated at the apex, glaucescent,
hardly veined beneath ; stipulas triangularly ovate, acute, deci-
duous ; corymbs terminal, downy, pedunculate, trifid, with com-
pact many-flowered branches ; limb of the calyx with 5 short
acute teeth ; fruit globose. Tj . S. Native of the Island of Luzon.
Ixora-like Psychotria. Shrub.
174 P. Maria'na (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 522.) glabrous ; branches and peduncles compressed ; leaves
oval-oblong or obovate, bluntish, attenuated at the base, rather
coriaceous ; stipulas caducous ; cymes pedunculate, terminal,
598
RUBIACEAi. CLXXI. Psychotria. CLXXII. Antonia. CLXXIII. Palicourea.
shorter tlian the leaves, twice trifid ; flowers sessile in the forks,
and on the tops of the branchlets of the cyme ; limb of the calyx
campanulate, truncate, or bluntly toothed, and at length cleft
irregularly. Tj . S. Native of Marianne Island. Corolla short,
campanulate, but obovate in the bud state. Fruit unknown.
Marianne Psychotria. Shrub.
175 P. membranifolia (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 522.) glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong and oval, short-
acuminated, membranous, veiny beneath ; stipulas membranous,
acutely bidentate, erose ; panicles terminal, contracted, corymb-
formed, almost sessile, much shorter than the leaves ; anthers
exserted. 1? . S. Native of the Islands of Luzon and Sozogon,
in the Philippine Archipelago. The leaves in the specimens
from the Island of Luzon are more oblong and more acuminated
at both ends than those from Sozogon.
Membrane-leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
176 P. linea'ris (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D, C. prod. 4.
p. 522.) branches terete, and are, as well as the panicles, petioles,
and leaves, especially on the nerves on the under surfaces, beset
with rusty hairs ; leaves long-linear, glabrous above ; stipulas
membranous, ovate, acuminated, caducous ; flowers crotvded in
terminal fascicles, on short pedicels ; calyx rather truncate ;
corolla villous ; fruit obovate. 1? . S. Native of the Island of
Manilla, near Sozogon.
Linear- leaved Psychotria. Shrub.
177 P. Manille'nsis (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D.C. prod. 4.
p. 522.) glabrous ; branchlets rather compressed ; leaves elliptic-
oblong, acuminated, attenuated at the base, rather coriaceous, of
a different colour beneath ; stipulas ovate, acute, combined into
a short ring at the base, deciduous ; corymbs tripartite, hardly
pedunculate, with elongated branches, which are twice trifid at
the apex ; fruit ovate-oblong. I? . S. Native of the Island of
Manilla, near Sozogon.
Manilla Psychotria. Shrub.
************* Species natives of Australia.
178 P. collina (Labill. serf, caled. p, 47. t. 47.) glabrous;
branches nearly terete ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, attenuated at
both ends ; stipulas ovate, caducous ; corymbs terminal, on short
peduncles, shorter than the leaves, trichotomous ; peduncles
compressed ; style bifid beyond the middle ; berries roundish.
fj. S. Native of New Caledonia.
Hill Psychotria. Shrub.
179 P. loniceroides (Sieb. nov. holl. exsic. no. 263.) every
part of the plant is clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves elliptic or
oblong, acutish at both ends ; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated,
deciduous ; panicles terminal, a little shorter than the leaves,
with opposite distant branches, which are trifid, or twice tri-
fid at the apex, with a sessile flower in each fork ; bracteas
ovate, acute ; berries ovate, crowned by the 5-toothed calyx.
Jj . S. Native of New Holland. It is very like P. hirsula of
Swartz, with which it is joined by Sprengel, in his cur. post., but
is still very distinct.
Honeysuckle-like Psychotria. Shrub.
180 P. specios a (Forst. prod. no. 89.) arboreous; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate ; involucrum terminal, usually 3-flowered. . S.
Native of Otaheite. Cephae'lis speciosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 749.
Showy Psychotria. Shrub.
181 P. daphnoides (Cunningh. in bot. mag. 3228.) shrub
dichotomous, glabrous ; branches very leafy at ends ; leaves ob-
ovate ; stipulas nearly orbicular, bidentate, small ; corymbs ter-
minal, few-flowered ; mouth of corolla villous. Jj . G. Native
of New Holland. Flowers pure white.
Daphne-like Psychotria. FI. April. Clt. 1829. Shrub.
Cidt. All the species of Psychotria are of the most easy cul-
ture and propagation. They grow best in a mixture of loam,
peat and sand ; and cuttings will strike root readily, if planted in
sand, with a hand-glass over them. Some of them bear handsome
foliage, but the flowers of all are insignificant.
CLXXII. ANTO'NIA (named in compliment to the Arch-
duke Antony of Austria, a promoter of botany). Pohl, pi.
bras. 2. p. 13. t. 109.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an oblong-
cylindrical tube, which is covered by scales, and a 5-parted limb.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a bearded throat, and a 5-parted
limb ; segments lanceolate, acute, at length reflexed. Stamens
5, exserted, bearded at the base. Style long, filiform, thickened
towards the apex ; stigma bifid, obtuse. Berries oblong, 2-
celled. — Shrub middle-sized. Leaves decussately opposite. Sti-
pulas interpetiolar. Cymes terminal, many-flowered. Flowers
by threes, white.
1 A. ova'ta (Pohl, 1. c. 2. p. 14. t. 109.) leaves ovate-elliptic,
quite glabrous, as well as the branches. Ij. S. Native of Bra-
zil, among bushes in dry places, about Joze de Tocantins, in the
province of Goyaz.
Ovate- leaved Antonia. Shrub 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Psychotria above.
CLXXIII. PALICOU'REA (Aublet does not give the mean-
ing of this word). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 173. t. 66. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3 p. 365. St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 230.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 524. — Palichrea ad Galvania, Rcem.et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 11. — Galvania, Veil, et Vand. fl. bras, et Roem. script,
p. 89. t. 6. f. 7. — Stephanium, Schreb. gen. no. 308. — Psycho-
tria species, Juss. Willd. — Psychotria species, Galvania, and
Colladonia, Spreng.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. All as in Psychotria, but
differing in the corolla being tubular, nearly cylindrical, curved or
gibbous on one side at the base, shortly 5-cleft at the apex, and
bearded beneath the middle inside. Teeth of the calyx and lobes
of the corolla sometimes rather unequal. — Glabrous shrubs, all
natives of America. Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate, usually
large. Stipulas connected in various ways. Panicles terminal,
sometimes elongated, sometimes thyrsoid, and sometimes cy-
mose, sessile, but usually pedunculate. Corollas yellow or
white. Anthers exserted or inclosed, either inserted in the bot-
tom, middle, or upper part of the tube of the corolla. Flowers
variable, rarely with a 3-celled ovarium and 3-lobed stigma.
§ 1. Flowers corymbose or cymose.
1 P. Sellowia'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 525.) glabrous; branches
terete ; leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, with undulated mar-
gins, on long petioles ; stipulas bluntly bidentate, with a large
blunt recess ; panicles cymose, fastigiate, with angularly com-
pressed branches; corollas glabrous; stamens inclosed; fruit
roundish-ovate. . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro,
where it was collected bySello. P. fastigiata, Cham. et. Schlecht.
in Linnaea. 4. p. 16. but not of Kunth.
Sello's Palicourea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
2 P. fastigia'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 368.
but not of St. Hil.) glabrous ; branchlets rather tetragonal ;
leaves elliptic, or ovate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base,
membranous; 'stipulas bidentate; corymbs pedunculate; flowers
on long pedicels, somewhat fastigiate, glabrous ; fruit ovate,
nearly globose. Tj . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco,
near Atures. Psychotria fastigiata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 742.
exclusive of the synonyme of Willd.
Fa^igiafe-flovvered Palicourea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
3 P. tabernefolia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 525.) glabrous ;
branches terete ; leaves large, soft, lanceolate, acuminated, petio-
late; stipulas unknown; panicles almost cymose, short; seg-
ments of the calyx subulate ; tube of the corolla slender, with
I
RUBIACEAL CLXXIII. Palicourea.
599
lanceolate lobes. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Psychotria
tabernafolia, Poir. diet. 5. p. 704. Flowers cream-coloured,
hardly half an inch long.
Tent-leaved Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
4 P. hebea'ntha (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous; branches terete;
leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base; stipulas
twin on both sides, acute, small, hardly joined by a ligula ; pa-
nicles pedunculate, terminal ; peduncles trichotomous, com-
pressed ; corollas bluntly 4-cleft, clothed with powdery tomen-
tum. 1? . S. Native of Brazil.
Hairy-flowered Palicourea. Shrub.
5 P. Marcgra'vii (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 281. t. 22. f. a.)
branchlets somewhat tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acuminated,
bluntish at the base, on short petioles ; stipulas trifid ? ; cymes
pedunculate, downy ; rachis and branches angular ; corollas cy-
lindrical, with 5 very short blunt teeth, clothed with papillose
tomentum. Ij • S. Native of Brazil, on the edges of woods.
Erva do rato, Marcg. bras. 60. f. 2. Galvania, no. 2. Veil. mss.
ex St. Hil. Galvania Vellosii, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 193.
Peduncles of a coppery scarlet colour. Corollas of a yellowish
copper colour at the base, and purple at the apex.
Var. fi, pubescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 525.) leaves downy be-
neath. 1? . S. Native along with the species. St. Hil. 1. c.
and Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. vol. 4.
Marcgrave’s Palicourea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
6 P. apica'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 367. t.
285.) glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oblong, short-acumi-
nated, narrow at the base, coriaceous ; stipulas connate, biden-
tate, longer than the petioles ; panicles cymose, sessile ; corolla
glabrous ; fruit rather turbinate, crowned by a permanent urceo-
lus. T? . S. Native of Caraccas, on Mount Silla de Caraccas.
Psychotria lineata, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 191.
Corolla evidently ventricose at the base. Fruit sometimes 3-
celled, and the stigma trifid.
CVoamecLfruited Palicourea. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
7 P. Pave'tta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 525.) glabrous; branches
terete ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, thin, nerved ; sti-
pulas membranous, bidentate ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate,
with brachiate trichotomous branches ; corolla funnel-shaped,
curved a little ; anthers inclosed ; fruit roundish, didymous.
hc . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains in woods. Psy-
chotria Pavetta, Swartz, prod. 45. Lam. ill. t. 161. f. 3. Pa-
vetta pentandra, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 233. Cestrum ner-
vosum, Mill. diet. — Sloane, hist. jam. 2. t. 202. f. 2. — Plum. ed.
Burm. t. 156. f. 1. Flowers white, very sweet-scented, with
spreading acute lobes. This is certainly not a species of Pavetta,
from the style not being exserted, nor a Psychotria, from the
tube of the corolla being elongated and a little curved.
Pavetta-Ydae Palicourea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
8 P. xiNCTORiA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 194.) glabrous;
leaves oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, foveolate in the axils of
the veins beneath ; stipulas lanceolate, connate at the base ; pa-
nicles on short peduncles, sub-corymbose, brachiate ; throat of
the corolla bearded ; filaments hairy ; fruit roundish. T? . S.
Native of Peru, in forests on the Andes, ex Ruiz et Pav. ; and
at Guayaquil, ex Haenke. Psychotria tinctoria, Ruiz, et Pav. fl.
per. 2. p. 62. t. 211. f. a. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 745. exclusive of
the synonyme of Bartl. in herb. Flaenke. Stipulas glandular at
the Rase. Peduncles rather tetragonal. Bracteas small, acute.
Flowers sessile, usually by threes. Calyx yellowish. Corollas
white or cream-coloured, with a reflexed limb. Fruit globose,
rufescent. This species yields a red dye.
Var.fi-, leaves ovate. . S. Native about Guayaquil, ex
Haenke.
Dyers' Palicourea. Tree 18 to 28 feet.
9 P. xanthina (D. C. prod. 4. p. 525.) glabrous ; branches
terete; leaves ovate or oval -lanceolate, acute at the base, acumi-
nated at the apex, membranous, on short petioles ; stipulas
very short, somewhat bidentate ; corymbs pedunculate, terminal,
rarely axillary, trichotomous, bractiess ; corollas downy on the
outside, curved ; anthers a little exserted. ^ . S. Native of
French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris. Branches
and peduncles yellow. Berries nearly globose, didymous,
ribbed.
Yellow Palicourea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
10 P. punicea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 526.) glabrous ; branchlets
nearly terete, rufescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, shining
on both surfaces ; stipulas twin on both sides, subulate, con-
nected by a short ligula ; panicles corymbose, pedunculate, of a
scarlet colour ; corollas urceolate ; berries roundish, didymous.
fl . S. Native of Peru, in forests on the Andes. Psychotria
pumcea, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 62. t. 42. f. a. Leaves 9
inches long, undulated. Bracteas subulate. Flowers glomerate.
Corolla of a purplish scarlet colour, with a short tube, and ovate
acute segments.
Ncar?e?-corymbed Palicourea. Shrub 6 feet.
11 P. crocea (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 193.) glabrous ;
leaves ovate or oval-lanceolate, acuminated, stiffish ; stipulas
connected by a short ligula, twin on both sides, linear, acumi-
nated, one half shorter than the petioles ; panicles corymbose,
terminal ; corollas obconically tubular ; anthers exserted from
the tube, but shorter than the limb ; berries rather didymous.
1 2 • S. Native of Porto-Rico, Trinidad, Cuba, Guadaloupe,
&c. Psychotria erbeea, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 429. Sieb. fl.
trin. no. 28. Meyer, esseq. 1. p. 105.? — Browne, jam. t. 13.
f. 1. Leaves with prominent veins. Panicles and peduncles
saffron coloured.
Nq/frorc-coloured-panicled Palicourea. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1823. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
12 P. pedunculosa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 526.) glabrous ; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, and somewhat cuspi-
date at the apex, stiffish ; stipulas oval, deciduous ; panicles
corymbose, on long peduncles, with opposite branches ; corolla
funnel-shaped, glabrous, with revolute lobes ; fruit ovate-glo-
bose. Ij . S. Native of French Guiana, where it was collected
by Patris. Psychotria pedunculosa, Rich, act. soc. hist. nat.
par. 1792. p. 107.? Palicurea Cayennensis, Desv. in Ham.
prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 29. ?
Long-peduncled Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
13 P. chiona'ntha (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves ovate,
ending in a short point at the apex, hardly acute at the base,
stiffish ; stipulas oval, at length deciduous ; panicles corymbose,
pedunculate, shorter than the leaves, with opposite branches ;
corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous on the outside ; anthers ex-
serted; fruit obovate, pear-shaped, ribbed. T? . S. Native of
Brazil, about Bahia, where it was gathered by Salzmann,
G. Don, &c. Corollas snow-white, tubular, with linear-lan-
ceolate lobes, and a villous throat. Stigma bifid. Lobes com-
pressed.
Snow-flowered Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
14 P. umbella'ta (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous; branches trigonal
or tetragonal ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, attenuated at
the base, stiff, nerved, on short petioles ; stipulas connected,
sheathing, short, coriaceous, with 2 short teeth on both sides ;
corymbs pedunculate, sub-umbellate, composed of 5-7 branches,
which rise almost from the same point, and are corymbosely
branched at their tops ; calyx acutely 5-toothed. 1? . S. Na-
tive of French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris. On
the same branch there is often opposite leaves, or 3-4 in a whorl.
Stigma 3-cleft in many of the flowers.
Umbellate-coryvcdood Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
600
RUBIACE7E. CLXXIII. Palicourea.
§ 2. Flowers panicled.
* Leaves disposed in whorles.
15 P. trifhy'lla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 526.) glabrous; leaves
3 in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, hardly
petiolate ; stipulas twin on both sides, linear-subulate, hardly
joined at the base, longer than the petioles ; racemes terminal,
pedunculate, downy, somewhat paniculate, longer than the leaves.
*2 . S. Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by
Patris. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 1|- broad. Raceme,
along with the peduncle, 6 inches long. Fruit rather com-
pressed, coarsely ribbed. Corolla unknown, hence the genus is
doubtful.
Three-leaved Palicourea. Shrub.
16 P. verticilla'ta (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets tetragonal, gla-
brous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate-oblong, quite glabrous,
on short petioles ; stipulas bifid ; panicles pedunculate, downy ;
rachis of the panicle triquetrous, and the branchlets are angu-
larly compressed ; corollas glabrous ; fruit orbicularly ovate.
. S. Native of the south of Brazil, in woods. P. longifolia,
St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 232. t. 22. f. b. Corollas yellow. Stamens
inclosed.
JVhorled- leaved Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
1 7 P. quadrifoi.ia (Rudge, pi. guian. p. 27. t. 42.) stem
tetragonal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated ;
stipulas intrafoliaceous, sheathing ; corymbs many-flowered ;
peduncles a little shorter than the leaves. f? . S. Native of
French Guiana.
Four-leaved Palicourea. Shrub.
1 8 P. tetraphy'lla (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 1 7.)
branchlets bluntly tetragonal, smooth; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate,
or lanceolate-oblong, attenuated at both ends, stiffish, on short
petioles, glabrous above, and downy beneath ; stipulas bifid, with
the lobes lanceolate, acute, and ciliated ; panicles terminal, pyra-
midal, large, pedunculate, downy ; corollas glabrous on the
outside. . S. Native of tropical Brazil.
Tetraphyllous Palicourea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
* * Leaves opposite, more or less petiolate.
19 P. macrobotrys (D. C. prod. 4. p. 527.) branchlets te-
rete, glabrous ; leaves long-lanceolate, acuminated, clothed with
velvety down beneath ; stipulas twin on both sides, hardly con-
nected at the base, ovate-lanceolate ; panicles elongated, much
longer than the leaves, clothed with velvety down ; rachi some-
what tetragonal. . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in
forests at Cuchero and Chinchao, et Ruiz et Pav. ; and on the
mountains about the Guanocco, ex herb. Haenke. Psychotria
macrobotrys, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 57. t. 203. f. a. Bartl.
in herb. Haenke. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 744. Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 5. p. 1 84. Leaves 6 inches long. Stipulas glandular at
the base. Panicles purplish, a foot long. Bracteas small, subu-
late. Corollas small, yellow, villous inside at the insertion of
the stamens, and having the segments edged with purple. Ber-
ries ovate, dark blue, a little compressed.
Long-racemed Palicourea. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
20 P. macroca'rpa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
369.) branches terete, glabrous ; leaves obovate- oblong, short-
acuminated, cuneated at the base, rather coriaceous, glabrous
above, and hairy on the veins beneath ; stipulas bifid, glabrous ;
panicles pedunculate, spreading; corollas glabrous; fruit nearly
globose. . S. Native of New Granada, in hot places. Psy-
chotria anacardifolia, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p.
190. Distinct from P. macrobotrys, with which it is joined by
Sprengel.
Long-fruited Palicourea. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
21 P. ametiiy'stina (D. C. prod. 4. p. 527.) branchlets
somewhat tetragonal, rather hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated, glabrous above, and villous on the nerves and veins
beneath ; stipulas connected together almost to the middle into
a sheath, and drawn out into 2 subulate teeth on each side ; pa-
nicles hairy, a little longer than the leaves ; bracteoles subulate ;
fruit oval. . S. Native of Peru, in forests on the Andes at
Pillao and H uassa-Huassi. Psychotria amethystina, Ruiz et Pav.
fl. per. 2. p. 57. t. 203. fi b. Glands 7 in the axils of each stipula.
Corollas tubular, blue. Berries ovate, blue.
ZZ-lobed, very rarely 3-5-lobed.
7 R. stella'ris (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 352.)
plant decumbent, twisted ; stem hairy ; leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated, hairy; bristles of stipulas 5, much longer than the sheath;
heads hemispherical ; segments of the calyx 4, oblong ; corolla
glabrous, about equal in length to the calycine teeth. ©. F.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatine. Flowers 3-4-
parted, white ?
Starry Richardsonia. PI. decumbent.
8 R. humistra'ta (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. 3. p. 354.) plant
trailing, flexuous ; stems clothed with canescent hairs ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acute, clothed also with canescent hairs; bristles
of stipulas 3-6, equal in length to the sheath ; heads hemispheri-
cal ; segments of calyx 4, oval ; corolla glabrous, rather longer
than the lobes of the calyx. 14. S. Native of Brazil, in the
province of Monte Video. Flowers small, tetramerous and pen-
tamerous.
Trailing Richardsonia. PI. trailin'*.
9 R. adsce'ndens (D. C. prod. 4. p 549.) stems ascending,
villous ; leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, scabrous from
pubescence on both surfaces ; heads terminal, on long pedun-
cles ; leaves of involucrum ovate, hardly exceeding the flowers ;
calycine segments 5, acute ; corolla tubular, downy outside at
the tops of the lobes, the rest glabrous. 1/ . S. Native of
Mexico. Spermacoce adscendens, Pav. in herb. Moric. Ri-
chardia villosa, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined., in which the
corolla is more coloured.
Ascending Richardsonia. PI. ascending.
10 R. Ha:nkea'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 569.) stems trailing,
tufted, twisted, creeping, suffruticose, hairy ; leaves oblong,
villous; bristles of stipulas shorter than the sheath; heads of
flowers flatfish ; lobes of calyx 4, ovate, acutish ; corolla subro-
tate. 1/ . ? S. Native of Mexico, where it was collected by
Ilaenke. Schiedea Mexicana, Bartl. in herb. Haenke.
Hcenke's Richardsonia. PI. trailing.
Cult. The species of this genus will thrive in any light soil ;
and cuttings of them strike root readily in the same kind of soil,
under a hand-glass, in a little heat.
CXCI1. KNOXIA (named after Robert Knox, who lived
many years in Ceylon, and published a relation of it in 1781).
Lin. gen. no. 123. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 121. t. 25. Lam. ill. t.
59. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 152. t. 15. f. 1.
but not of P. Browne.— Spermacoce species, Roxb. Willd. and
others.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate,
rather ribbed tube, and 4 small unequal teeth, which are per-
manent, and erectly connivent on the fruit. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a terete tube, a usually bearded throat, and a 4-
lobed limb. Anthers at the throat. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit
2-celled, usually separated from the base to the apex at the dis-
sepiment into 2 indehiscent, 1 -seeded nuts, which are sometimes,
however, combined at the base, and separating slowly, having the
axis filiform, and remaining as in umbelliferous plants. Seeds
ovate, triquetrous, erect. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect. —
Herbs or sub-shrubs, natives of the East Indies. Stems terete
or tetragonal. Leaves opposite, and falsely verticillate from
axillary fascicles. Stipulas undivided, or of few bristles, joined
with the base of the petioles. Cymes as in the plants belonging
RUBIACEiE. CXCII. Knoxia. CXCI11. Psyllocarpus.
629
to the order Valerianece , terminal, sessile, or pedunculate, having
their branches becoming elongated and spike-formed, after
flowering.
1 K. Zeyla'nica (Lin. spec. p. 151.) stem erect, glabrous,
nearly terete ; leaves lanceolate, almost sessile, glabrous ;
branches of cyme 1-3, very long, spicate, erect ; tube of corolla
much longer than the calycine teeth ; throat of corolla bearded ;
stigma exserted — Native of Ceylon. Burnt, fl. ind. 34. t. 13.
f. 2. Lam. ill. t. 59. f. 1. Corolla 6 lines long. Fruit easily
separated into 2 parts from the base.
Ceylon Knoxia. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot.
2 K. Sumatre'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 569.) stem suffruti-
cose, erect, tetragonal, tomentose ; leaves lanceolate, remote,
villous, on short petioles ; corymbs terminal, compound ; tube
of corolla gibbous, short. T? . S. Native of the East Indies,
among the Circars, and probably of Sumatra and Velore, as well
as of Nipaul and Kamaon. Spermacoce Sumatrensis, Retz,
obs. 4. p. 23. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 372. Knoxia stricta, Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 122. t. 25. Knoxia corymbosa, Willd. spec. 1. p.
582. ? but the fruit is not separable into 2 parts as in the follow-
ing. Knoxia mollis, R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 820. Flowers
small, white.
Sumatra Knoxia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
3 K. te'res (D. C. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, erect, branched,
terete, villous ; leaves lanceolate, villous ; corymb terminal,
compound, with opposite branches, which at length become
spike-formed ; tube of corolla terete, straight, with the throat
very villous, and hiding the anthers ; style twice the length of
the corolla. fj . S. Native of the East Indies, in woods at
Koorg. Spermacoce teres, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 373. K. um-
bellata, Banks, herb, ex Roxb.
Terete-stemmed Knoxia. F. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
4 K. exse'rta (D. C. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, stiff, villous in
the younger parts; leaves lanceolate, petiolate, remote ; corymbs
terminal, compound ; stamens exserted ; style bifid, exserted ;
fruit ovate, hardly separable into 2 parts. ^ • S. Native of
the East Indies, on the Circars, and of Nipaul. Spermacoce
exserta, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 374. This is only, perhaps, a var.
of K. teres, according to Roxb.
i?a;ser?ed-stamened Knoxia. Shrub 1 foot.
5 K. gla'bra (D. C. 1 c.) stem suffruticose, terete, glabrous;
erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth ; corymbs axillary, com-
pound ; style pilose ; stigma clavate ; capsule globular, smooth.
h • S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Habit almost of a grass, or
Bamboo. Spermacoce glabra, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 374. but
not of Mich. Spermacoce insularis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 404.
Corolla campanulate, cream-coloured.
Glabrous Knoxia. Shrub 1 foot.
6 K. lje'vis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 570.) stem herbaceous, stiff,
terete, smooth ; leaves almost sessile, lanceolate, glabrous ; co-
rymbs terminal ; corolla funnel-shaped, with a bearded throat
and hidden anthers ; stigma bifid. $ . ex Roxb. ; ©. ex Lesch.
S. Native of Bengal. Spermacoce lae'vis, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p.
374. Sperm. Roxburghiana, Schultes, mant. 3. p. 199. Sperm.
Roxburghii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 404. Leaves 3 inches long, and
6 lines broad. Flowers large, pink.
Smooth Knoxia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot.
7 K. Heynea'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 570.) stem obsoletely
tetragonal, rather roughish ; leaves lanceolate, ribbed, with sca-
brous margins, rough from dots on both surfaces ; corymbs
terminal, trichotomous. — Native of the East Indies. Knoxia
species, Heyne. Spermacoce corymbosa, Roth, nov. spec,
p. 98. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 278. but not of Lin.
nor Burm. Very nearly allied to K. Sumatrensis.
Heyne’s Knoxia. PI. 1 foot.
8 K. lineata (D. C. 1. c.) downy; stem herbaceous, branched
a little, erect, villous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, with parallel veins;
bristles of stipulas pilose ; cymes corymbose, pedunculate, tri-
partite, axillary, and terminal; stamens inclosed. ©.? S.
Native of Java, among grass, about Rompien. Spermacoce
lineata, Blum, bijdr. p. 947. but not of Roxb.
Lined- leaved Knoxia. PI. 1 foot.
9 K. Wightia'na (Wall. cat. no. 6184.) plant glabrous ; stem
and branches slightly tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate,
almost sessile ; corymbs terminal, compound, with spike-formed
branches. T? • S. Native of the East Indies. Spermacoce,
Wight, herb.
Wight's Knoxia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
10 K. plantagin e a (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. t. 32.) stems
herbaceous, almost simple, rising in numbers from the root,
which is fusiform : radical leaves long-lanceolate, pilose; cau-
line ones distant, narrower ; flowmrs terminal, sub-capitate : one
or two of the calycine teeth are elongated ; tube of corolla very
long. S. Native of the Burmese Empire, on the moun-
tains. Flowers blue.
Plantain-like Knoxia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Crusea, p. 627.
CXCIII. PSYLLOCA'RPUS (from ^v\\oq, psyllos, a flea,
and Kapwoe, Icarpos, a fruit ; in allusion to the colour and shape
of the seeds). Mart. nov. gen. et spec. bras. 1. p. 44. t. 28.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 570. but not of Pohl.
Lin. syst. Tetravdria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with a turbi-
nate tube, and an 8-toothed limb ; teeth subulate, 6 of which are
very short, and the other 2 opposite, linear, and elongated. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with a bearded throat, and a 4-lobed acut-
ish limb. Anthers 4, inclosed. Stigma emarginately 2-lobed.
Capsule crowned by the teeth of the calyx, compressed from the
back of the carpels, 2-celled, having the dissepiment parallel
with the valves ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds oval, or orbicular,
winged, much compressed, fixed to the centre of the dissepi-
ment. Embryo straight, in the axis of thin albumen. — Small
Brazilian shrubs, with twiggy, tetragonal branches. Leaves oppo-
site, and often fasciculately verticillate from clusters of the leaves
in the axils of the opposite ones. Stipulas joined with the peti-
oles, forming a sheath, ciliated with bristles. Flowers axillary
or terminal.
1 P. ericoides (Mart. 1. c. p. 45. t. 28. f. 1.) suffruticose,
almost simple at the bottom, glabrous; leaves 8-12, verticillate,
shorter than the internodes ; flowers terminal, sub-capitate. J? .
S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, at Ban-
deinha, near Tejuco. Branches slender, twiggy. Corollas pale
blue. Calyx glabrous.
Heath-like Psyllocarpus. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 P. l aricoides (Mart. 1. c. p. 45. t. 28. f. 2.) a much-
branched, glabrous shrub ; leaves opposite, approximate, seta-
ceous, clustered in the axils, and therefore falsely verticillate ;
flowers terminal, disposed in something like spikes. . S.
Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Bahia,
in dry mountainous places. Cham, et Scblecht. in Linnsea. 3. p.
357. P. laricinus, Spreng. cur. post. p. 39. Branches erectly
spreading. Corollas pale blue. Calyx glabrous.
Var. ft, densifblius (Mart. 1. c.). I? . S. Native of Brazil,
on Serra de Itambe.
Larch-like Psyllocarpus. Shrub 1|- to 2 feet.
3 P. asvaragoides (Mart. 1. c. p. 46.) a glabrous shrub, with
twiggy branches ; leaves disposed in verticillate fascicles, very
slender, and setaceous ; peduncles terminal, elongated, naked ;
flowers capitate. . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of
Minas Geraes, near Piedade. Branches twiggy. Corollas
small, white. Calyx glabrous.
630
RUBIACEjE. CXCIV. Mitracarpum.
Asparagus-like Psyllocarpus. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 P. thymbroIdes (Mart. 1. c. p. 46.) shrub much branched;
branches squarrose, downy ; leaves downy, in fascicles : flowers
terminal, somewhat spicate ; calyxes hairy. . S. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on Serra de Gran Mo-
gol. Flowers azure blue.
Thymbra-lihe Psyllocarpus. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See Richardsonia, p. 628. for culture and propagation.
CXCIV. MITRACA'RPUM (from ynpa, mitra, a girdle, or
ring, and capiroc, Icarpos, a fruit ; in allusion to the fruit being
cut round about in the middle). Zuccar. in Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 3. p. 210. (1827.). Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaca. 3. p.
358. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 151. t. 14. f. 4.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 571. — Crusea, Cham, in litt. 1829. — Schizan-
gium, Barth in herb. Haenke. — Staurosp£rmum, Thonn. in
Schum. pi. guin. (1827.) p. 73. — Spermacoce species of
authors.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 4-toothed, permanent limb ; 2 of the teeth are usu-
ally larger than the other 2, which are always small, or nearly
obsolete. Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete tube, which is
furnished near the base inside with a circular line of hairs, a
glab rous throat, and a 4-lobed limb. Anthers exserted, or in-
closed. Stigma bifid. Capsule membranous, crowned by the
calyx, 2-celled, circumcised round the middle. Seeds solitary
in the cells, basilar, partly fixed to the dissepiment.— Herbs or
sub-shrubs, with the habit of Spermacoce, all natives of Ame-
rica, except one species from Africa. Leaves opposite. Sti-
pulas combined with the petioles a little way, and ending in many
bristles. Flowers in dense, verticillate, axillary and terminal
heads, the latter always involucrated by 4 leaves. Corollas
white.
§ 1. Two of the calycine teeth are large, and two small.
* Suffruticose and herbaceous perennial plants.
1 M. Humboldtia'num (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
358. t. 3. f. 1.) erect; branches nearly terete, downy while
young, but glabrous in the adult state ; leaves linear-oblong, or
lanceolate, pubescent or hairy on both surfaces ; stipulas with
5 stiff bristles on each side, naked at the apex ; flowers disposed
in dense verticillate heads ; heads numerous, distant, terminal
and axillary ones alike ; the two large teeth of the calyx are
subulate, and ciliated. T? . S. Native of New Spain, on Silla
de Caraccas ; and of Brazil, in sand by the sea-side, at Rio
Janeiro. The specimens from Caraccas are more hairy than the
Brazil plant, which is trailing. Spermacoce frigida, Willd. in
Roem. et Schultes, 3. p. 531. Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 349.
Flowers white.
Humboldt's Mitracarpum. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
2 M. Sellowia'num (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
361.) stem diffuse, much branched, clothed more or less with
white hairs; leaves oblong or lanceolate, sessile, cuspidate, sca-
brous on both surfaces ; stipulas cleft into many stiff bristles,
membranous and villous at the base ; heads terminal, dense, invo-
lucrated by 4 leaves, which are 2 or 3 times longer than the head.
— Native of Brazil, about Rio Grande do Sul, Monte Video, & c. ;
in the Pampas of Buenos Ayres and Cordova. Capsule glabrous.
The 2 larger teeth of the calyx are scabrous, erect, and subulate,
with a very few additional denticulations. Flowers white. Leaves
varying from 2 to 4 lines broad. Stem usually very villous, but
sometimes almost glabrous, as well as the leaves.
Sello’s Mitracarpum. PI. diffuse.
3 M. Salzmannia'num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 571.) stems diffuse,
much branched, hispid from spreading stiffish hairs ; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, scabrous on both surfaces, setigerous at the
apex ; stipulas villous, membranous at the base, cleft into many
stiffish bristles ; flowers disposed in dense, verticillate heads, the
ultimate or terminal head round, and involucrated by 2-4 leaves,
which are hardly longer than the head. %. S. Native of
Brazil, in sand by the sea-side, at Bahia, where it was collected
by Salzmann. Very like M. Sellorvianum, but differs in the
characters indicated, as wrell as in the seeds being paler and one-
half smaller. Flowers white.
Salzmann' s Mitracarpum. PI. diffuse.
4 M. schiza'ngium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 572.) suffruticose ;
branches sub-tetragonal, downy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated, scabrous on both surfaces, and on the margins ; sti-
pulas villous and membranous at the base, cleft in many stiff
bristles : heads of flowers terminal and axillary, verticillate ; the
former involucrated by 4 leaves. Tj . S. Native of Mexico,
where it was collected by Haenke. Schizangium ditrum, Bartl.
in herb. Haenke. Leaves 24-27 lines long, and 4 broad. Teeth
of calyx acuminated, scabrous. Flowers white.
Cut-capsuled Mitracarpum. Shrub diffuse.
5 M. cuspida'tum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 572.) stems ascending,
branched, downy ; leaves linear, cuspidate by a straight mu-
crone, almost veinless, glabrous ; bristles of stipulas 3-5, stiff,
longer than the sheath ; heads of flowers hemispherical, terminal,
3-4 times shorter than the bracteas ; calyx with 2 cuspidate
teeth, and 3-4 nearly abortive ones. g. S. Native of Monte
Video ; and of Chili, at Maldanado, in the Banda Oriental.
Stem hardly a hand high, suffruticose at the base. Heads of
flow'ers 4 lines in diameter. Floral leaves 9 lines long, and a
line broad. Tube of the corolla almost double the length of
the calycine teeth. Flowers white.
Cuspidate- leaved Mitracarpum. PI. ascending.
6 M. virga'tum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 363.)
stem suffruticose, erect, and are, as well as the branches, terete
and glabrous : leaves linear, very narrow', flaccid ; stipulas of
two colours, ciliated ; corollas long, tubular; stamens exserted.
fj . S. Native of Brazil. Spermacoce virgata, Willd. in Rcem.
et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 281. and 531. mant. 3. p. 205. Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 401. Flowers white. Leaves 6-8 in a whorl, accord-
ing to Link, but are probably only in axillary fascicles.
Twiggy Mitracarpum. Shrub 1 foot.
7 M. diffu'sum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 363.)
stems suffruticose, procumbent, terete, hairy ; leaves lanceolate,
beset with retrograde asperities on both surfaces, and serrulately
ciliated on the margins ; flowers capitate and verticillate ; the 2
larger lobes of the calyx exceeding the corolla, which is salver-
shaped ; capsule smoothish. Ij . S. Native of South America,
in woods about the Orinoco and Apure. Flow'ers white ; stamens
exserted ; seeds oblong.
Diffuse Mitracarpum. Shrub diffuse.
8 M. Sagrjea'num (D. C. prod. 4. p. 572.) plant suffruticose,
twisted and tufted, clothed with fine down ; leaves oblong :
heads of flowers axillary and terminal, the latter girded by 4
leaves : lobes of calyx 4, 2 large concave and blunt, and 2
small. Pj • Native of Cuba, near the Havannah, where it was
collected by Ramon de La Sagra. Flowers white. Seeds
brown, hollow in front, and marked by 4 small rays.
Ramon de La Sagra' s Mitracarpum. Shrub tufted.
9 M. Sf.negale'nse (D.C. prod. 4. p. 572.) glabrous; stem
erect, suffruticose at the base, rather tetragonal ; leaves oblong,
acuminated at both ends : stipulas furnished with 2-3 teeth on
both sides ; flowers disposed in capitate whorles ; calyx with 4
teeth, 2 long and acute, and 2 small. f? . ? ©.? F. Native
of Senegal, on the banks of the river at Walo, where it was col-
lected by Bade, Perrottet, and Leprieur ; and in other parts of
Guinea, by Thonning. Oldenlandia verticillata, Bade, in litt.
Staurospermum verticillatum, Thonn. in Schum. pi. guin. p. 73.
Flowers white. Seeds small, nearly globose, pale, umbilicate in
RUBIACEAL CXCIV. Mitracarpum. CXCV. Cruckshanksia. CXCVI. Staelia.
631
i front, and marked by 4 rays. Perhaps the same as M. sca-
brum, Zuccar. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 210. which was
found about Fort Louis.
Senegal Mitracarpum. Shrub.
** Annual plants.
10 M. Torresia'num (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
360. t. 3. f. 2.) stem erect, simple, somewhat tetragonal, rather
pilose on the angles ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, attenuated at the
base, membranous, rather downy on both surfaces ; stiptdas
membranous, with white villous bristles ; flowers disposed in
capitate whorles, the terminal one usually formed of 2 combined
heads, and girded by 4 leaves. ©. F. Native of Guajan and
Marianne Islands. Flowers white.
Torres's Mitracarpum. PI. 2| foot.
11 M. vili.osum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 363.)
stem erectish, sparingly branched, slightly tetragonal, villous ;
leaves oval-lanceolate, downy ; stipulas membranous, cleft into
many bristles ; heads of flowers axillary, verticillate, and ter-
minal, the latter girded by 4 leaves ; anthers inclosed. ©. F.
Native of Jamaica. Spermacoce hirta, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 308.
and probably of Lin. Spermacoce villosa, Swartz, obs. p. 45.
Corolla white. Anthers yellow. Seeds pale, somewhat
tubercular on the back, and marked by a cruciate furrow in
front.
Villous Mitracarpum. FI. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. to
1 foot.
12 M. hirtum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 572.) stem erect, branched,
scabrous, tetragonal; leaves ovate-lanceolate, clothed with hairy
pubescence ; stipulas membranous, with many bristles : axillary
heads of flowers verticillate ; terminal ones girded by 4 leaves ;
anthers exserted. 0. F. Native of Jamaica, in dry, grassy
places ; and of the Society Islands. Spermacoce hirta, Swartz,
obs. p. 45. Very like M. villosa, but differs in being more
branched, in the anthers being exserted and blue, and in the
seeds being smaller, blacker, and concave in front, not with 4
rays.
Hairy Mitracarpum. FI. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. i to
1 foot.
13 M. Fische'ri (Cham, et Schlecht. 3. p. 363.) stem erect,
hairy, tetragonal ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, acute,
downy from very short hairs ; stipulas ciliated ; flowers densely
capitate, terminal ; teeth of calyx 4, lanceolate, acute, a little
shorter than the corolla. ©. F. Native of Jamaica. Sperma-
coce Fisch&ri, Link. enum. 1. p. 132. Spermacoce adscendens,
Fisch. ined. Corollas white. Habit of Spermacoce aspera,
Aubl.
Fischer's Mitracarpum. FI. May, June. Clt. 1821. PI.
1 foot.
14 M. stylosum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 363.)
stem decumbent, terete, glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
attenuated at the base ; bristles of stipulas long ; flowers dis-
posed in dense whorles ; the two large teeth of the calyx are
subulate at the apex ; style exserted. ©. F. Native of Ma-
nilla. Spermacoce stylosa, Link. enum. 1. p. 132. Sperma-
coce crassifolia, Hortul. Capsule membranous, glabrous. Co-
rollas white. Seed orbicular, with a mark like the letter x
engraven on the front, somewhat 4-lobed, of a pale, dirty
colour.
Long-styled, Mitracarpum. FI. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI.
1 foot.
$ 2. Calyx with 4 nearly equal acutish teeth.
15 M. negi.e'ctum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 573.) plant glabrous, di-
chotomous ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, almost veinless ; bristles
of stipulas 3, stiff, longer than the sheath ; heads of flowers
terminal, 3 times shorter than the bracteas ; calyx glabrous, with
4, hardly acute teeth, which are a little shorter than the corolla.
— Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Spermacoce
neglecta, Schott ex Pohl, in litt. Heads of flowers 5 lines in
diameter. Floral leaves about an inch long, and 2 lines broad.
Neglected Mitracarpum. PI. ?
-j- Species not sufficiently known.
16 M. squarro'sum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
363.) — Native of Cuba, on rocks about Havannah. Spermacoce
squarrosa, Poepp. Nearly allied to M. Sellowidnum, but differs
in its smoothness.
Squarrose Mitracarpum. PI.
Cult. See Borreria, p. 618. for culture and propagation.
CXCV. CRUCKSHANKSIA (named after Mr. Cruck-
shanks, the original discoverer of the plant, and a particular
friend of both Hooker and Arnott). Hook, et Arn. in bot.
misc. 3. p. 361. but not of Hook, in bot. misc. vol. 2. t. 90.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogy nia. Calyx with a globose
subdidymous tube, and a 5-toothed limb ; teeth usually furnished
with an accessory small subulate tooth on each side ; one or two
of the teeth are usually expanded into large reticulated peduncu-
late roundish membranous wings. Corolla salver-shaped, with
an elongated tube, a 5-cleft spreading limb, and a glabrous
throat. Stamens 5, exserted, inserted in the mouth of the
corolla. Filaments club-shaped, acute ; anthers linear-oblong,
fixed by the base. Style filiform, a little longer than the tube
of the corolla ; stigma bifid, pilose : the divisions linear and
acute. Capsule membranous, globose, subdidymous, crowned
by the more or less widened calycine segments, 2-celled, 4-
valved ; cells 2-seeded ; valves ovate, very concave, boat-
shaped, 1-nerved in the middle, separable from the thin mem-
branous white dissepiment. Seeds large, obovate, black, tu-
bercled, very deeply furrowed on the inside at the hylum.
Albumen horny. Embryo central, very much curved ; cotyle-
dons flat; radicle nearly terete, inferior, elongated. — The whole
plant is more or less pubescent. Root perennial, dividing into
many stems at the neck. Stems herbaceous, terete, ascending,
flexuous, branched. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, acute, tapering
into the petiole, stipulate ; stipulas interpetiolar, broad-subulate,
free, or joined more or less. Bracteas involucra-formed, simple
or tripartite, furnished with small subulately toothed stipulas at
the base on both sides. Peduncles terminal and axillary.
Flowers disposed into a rather large depressed cyme : having
the corolla and calycine wings yellow.
1 C. hyme'nodon (Hook, et Arn. 1. c.) — Native of Chili,
about Coquimbo. There are varieties with hoary or less pubes-
cent leaves. This most extraordinary plant has little of the
general appearance of any of the Rubidcece, although in its most
striking peculiarities, the dilatation of some of the calycine teeth
into disproportionably large orbicular, or somewhat reniform
petiolate wings, it has an affinity with Mussce'nda. Its place in
the order is, however, near Spermacoce and Mitracarpum.
Membrane-toothed Cruckshanksia. PI.
Cult. See Richardsonia, p. 628, for culture and propagation.
CXCVI. STAE'LIA (this genus is dedicated to the illus-
trious Baron Augustus de Stael Holstein). Cham, et Schlecht. 3.
p. 364. t. 3. f. 3. D. C. prod. 4. p. 573.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogy nia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and only 2 subulate teeth, with hardly any accessory ones.
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a slender tube, and a 4-lobed acute
limb. Stamens 4, exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule mem-
branous, 2-celled, 2-valved, with an entire permanent dissepi-
ment; valves concave, crowned each by a calycine tooth, cut at the
632
RUBIACE/E. CXCVI. Staelia. CXCVII. Tessiera. CXCVIII. Gaillonia. CXCIX. Machaonia.
base by a line from the dissepiment, and therefore falling asunder.
Seed solitary, fixed to the dissepiment. — Brazilian herbs, with
terete stems. Leaves glabrous, linear, opposite, and in axillary
fascicles. Stipulas membranous, narrow, of many bristles, or
acutely 3-lobed. Axillary heads of flowers verticillate, and the
terminal ones globose. Allied to Mitracarpum.
1 S. thymoides (Cham. 1. c.) stem much branched, ascend-
ing, puberulous ; stipulas acutely 3-lobed ; whorles of flowers
few. If. S. Native of the south of Brazil. Leaves 5 lines
long, and hardly a line broad. Corolla purple. Heads of flowers
size of small peas.
Thyme-like Staelia. PI. 5 to ^ foot.
2 S. galioides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 573.) stems glabrous,
sparingly branched, twiggy, elongated ; stipulas of many bristles ;
whorles of flowers few. — Native of Brazil, where it was collected
by Pohl. Spermacoce galioides, ex Poll], in litt. Leaves an
inch long, and half a line broad. Whorles of flowers distant at
the top of the stem.
Galium- like Staelia. PI. foot.
3 S. refle'xa (D. C. 1. c.) stems smoothish, much branched;
branches twiggy ; leaves linear, with rather revolute margins ;
stipulas tridentate ; whorles in nearly all the axils; floral leaves
reflexed. — Native of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl.
Spermacoce reflexa, Pohl, in litt. Whorles 20-30 on each
branch. Leaves 4 lines long.
Refiexcd- leaved Staelia. PI. \ to 1 foot.
Cult. See Richardsdnia, p. 628. for culture and propagation.
CXCVII. TESSIE'RA (named after M. Tessier, who has
written on the diseases of wheat, and the effects of light upon
plants, &c.). D. C. prod. 4. p. 574.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogy’nia. Calyx with an ovate
tube, and a 4-lobed limb ; lobes nearly equal, without any acces-
sory ones. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a glabrous throat, and a
4-lobed limb. Stamens hardly exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Cap-
sule 2-celled, 2-valved, with an entire oval deciduous dis-
sepiment ; valves concave, crowned by the teeth of the calyx,
falling asunder from being cut vertically along the dis-
sepiment. Seeds solitary in the cells, fixed to the middle
dissepiment. — American herbs, clothed in every part, except the
corollas, with tomentum or wool. Leaves opposite, sessile,
lined by the nerves. Stipulas cleft into many bristles. Flowers
axillary, sessile, few, verticillate, bracteolate. — This genus is
nearly allied to Staelia from the structure of the fruit, but to
Borreria or Diodia from habit.
1 T. lanifera (D. C. prod. 4. p. 574.) plant clothed with
long white wool ; stem or branches twiggy, terete. — Native
of Brazil, where it was collected by Pohl. Diodia or Sper-
macoce lanifera, Pohl, in litt.
Wool- bearing Tessiera. PI.
2 T. LiTiiosPERMOiDEs (D. C. prod. 4. p. 574.) plant suffruti-
cose, erectish, branched, grey in every part from crowded short
velvety down ; fruit at length glabrous, . ? 7/.? S. Native
of Mexico, where it was collected by Haenke. Spermacoce
lithospermoides, Bartl. in herb. Haenke.
Lilhospermum-like Tessiera. PI. 1 foot. ?
Cull. For culture and propagation, see Richardsdnia, p. 628.
CXCVIII. GAILLO'NI A (evidently named after some person
of the name of Gaillon, of whom we know nothing). A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 153. t. 15. f. 34. D. C. prod. 4. p. 574.
Lin. syst. Penl-Heptandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
ovate tube, and a 5-7-lobed permanent limb ; teeth unequal. Co-
rolla funnel-shaped, with a terete tube, and a 5-7-lobed limb;
lobes oblong. Stamens 5-7, exserted from the throat, but
shorter than the corolline lobes. Style filiform, thickened at the
apex; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit egg-shaped, almost naked at the
apex, containing 2 separable, 1 -seeded, indehiscent nuts.
Hard, oppositely-branched herbs, velvety from fine down in every
part, as also on the corollas. Leaves linear, ending in a cal-
lous mucrone, opposite, bearing twin stipulas on both sides,
which are sometimes short and truly stipula-formed, and some-
times long and foliaceous, and in the latter case appearing like
those of Galium. Flowers some in the forks of the branche-,
sessile, solitary, and naked, and others sessile at the tops of the
branches, between the 2 superior leaves. — Habit of Asperula,
with a velvety aspect. This genus ought probably to be placed
among Rubiacece, sect. Stelldtce.
1 G. Olive'rii (Rich. 1. c.) stem multiple, brachiate, and as
if it was articulated ; branches opposite ; leaves distinct at the
base, linear-subulate, spinescent at the apex ; stipulas leaf-
formed, distinct from the leaves. Ij . ? . ? F. Native of
Persia, between Teheran and Ispahan, where it was collected by
Olivier and Bruguiere.
Olivier’s Gaillonia. PI. ^ foot. ?
2 G. Bruguie'rii (A. Rich. 1. c.) stem multiple; leaves linear-
lanceolate. f? . ? 7/ . ? S. Native along with the preceding,
and probably only a broad-leaved variety of it.
Bruguiere’ s Gaillonia. PI. \ foot. ?
3 G. Szowrrzn (D. C. prod. 4. p. 574.) stem branched at
top; branches erect : leaves subulate ; upper ones connate at the
base, and adhering to the stipulas, and therefore appearing tri-
furcate and trispinose at the apex. 7/. F. Native of Persia,
in very arid, stony places near Nekhitcheven, where it was col-
lected by Szowitz. — A very distinct species.
Szorvitz’s Gaillonia. PI. \ foot.
Cult. The species of Gaillonia should be grown in pots, half
filled with pot-sherds, in a mixture of sand and peat, and placed
among other alpine plants. They may be increased either by-
cuttings or seeds.
CXCIX. MACHAO'NIA (named after Machaon, an eminent
hero and physician, who, with his brother Podalyrius, accom-
panied the Grecian army in the expedition against Troy, and
performed great services among the troops). Humb. et. Bonpl.
pi. equin. 1. p. 101. t. 29. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 350. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 382. Cham, et Schlecht. in Lin-
naea. 4. p. 2. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 161. D.
C. prod. 4. p. 574.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obovate
tube, and a small 5-parted limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft,
with a short tube, and a villous throat. Stamens 4, inserted in
the throat, exserted ; anthers rather cordate. Stigma bipartite.
Capsule oblong-cuneated, rather tetragonal, crow-ned by the
limb of the calyx, 2-celled, separable into 2, 1 -seeded, indehis-
cent, ligneous-coriaceous, trigonal nuts, which are fixed inter-
nally to the linear axis beneath its apex. Seeds solitary in the
cells, pendulous. Radicle superior. Albumen fleshy. — Shrubs
or trees natives of South America. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
acuminated. Stipulas interpetiolar, solitary on both sides. Pani-
cles sub-corymbose, terminal. Flowers white, hardly larger than
those of Asperula.
1 M. acumina'ta (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. t. 29.) un-
armed ; leaves ovate-elliptic, short-acuminated, downy on both
surfaces. T? . S. Native in the town of Guayaquil, by way
sides, where it is called Ceiba-blanca by the natives. H. B. et
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 350. Flowers white.
Acuminatcd-ieaxed Machaonia. Tree 25 feet.
2 M. Brasilie'nsis (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 2.)
unarmed ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, having the
veins downy beneath. Ij . S. Native at the mouth of the
Amazon, about Gran-Para. Cinchdna Brasiliensis, Hoftmanseg.
ex Willd. mss. in Humb. berl. mag p. 119. Rcem. et Schultes,
RUBIACEjE. CXCIX. Machaonia. CC. Serissa. CCI. Ernodea. CCII. Cuncea. CCIII. Hydrophilax. G33
syst. 5. p. 13. Flowers white. Salzmann collected a plant
which is, perhaps, referrible to the present species, on the hills
about Bahia, in Brazil, in which the stem is scandent ; the
branches tetragonal, and villous on the angles ; the panicles ter-
minal ; the flowers small, white ; and the throat of the corolla
villous.
Brazilian Machaonia. Shrub cl. ?
3 M. spinosa (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 2.) branch-
lets spinescent ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated at both
ends, glabrous, 1? . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers white.
Spinose Machaonia. Shrub or tree.
Cult. See Richardsbnia, p. 628. for culture and propagation.
Subtribe III. PUTORIE'^E (the plants contained in this
tribe agree with the genus Puloria in having fleshy, indivisible
fruit). D. C. prod. 4. p. 575. Fruit rather fleshy, not sepa-
rable into parts.
CC. SERI'SSA (a name given by Dioscorides, but the mean-
ing is unknown). Comm, in Juss. gen. (1789.) p. 209. mem.
mus. 6. p. 395. Lam. ill. t. 151. f. 3. Blum, bijdr. p. 969. A.
Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 161. D. C. prod. 4. p.
575. — Dysoda, Lour. (1790.) coch. — Buchozia, L’Her. diss.
with a figure. — Lycium species, Lin. fil. and Thunb.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
obovate tube, and a 5, rarely 4-cleft limb ; lobes short, and
sometimes with a few accessory teeth between them. Corolla
funnel-shaped, with the tube hairy inside, and a 5, rarely 4-
parted limb ; lobes induplicate in aestivation : hence they are
somewhat trifid at the apex. Stamens 5, rarely 4. Anthers
exserted, linear. Style inclosed ; stigma bifid. Berry nearly
globose, 2-celled, 2-seeded, crowned by the limb of the calyx,
ex Rich. — A small shrub, glabrous in every part except the
young branches, which are whitish. Leaves small, almost ses-
sile, opposite, and generally in axillary fascicles, having an un-
grateful scent when bruised. Stipulas combined with the petioles,
and ciliately fringed on the margins. Flowers terminal, in fasci-
cles, almost sessile, white. — The fruit is described by Blume and
Jussieu as many-seeded.
1 S. fce'tida (Comm. 1. c.). . G. Native of China, Japan,
Cochin-china, and other places of the East. Lycium Japonicum,
Thunb. fl. jap. p. 93. t. 17. Curt. bot. mag. 361. Lycium foe'-
tidum, Lin. fil. suppl. 150. Lycium I'ndicum, Retz, obs. 2. p.
12. Dysoda fasciculata, Lour. coch. p. 146. Buchozia capros-
moides, L’Her. diss. with a figure. Dysoda foe'tida, Salisb.
prod. p. 60. Spermacoce fruticosa, Desf. hort. Par. A small
bushy shrub, with small dark-green, shining, myrtle-like leaves,
and white single or double flowers, which are reddish outside.
The plant from Japan differs from that of China, according to
Blume, in the hairs on the inside of the throat of the corolla being
geniculated, not clavate.
Fetid Serissa. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1787. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
Cult. This little shrub grows well in a mixture of loam,
peat, and sand ; and cuttings root readily in sand, with a hand-
glass over them.
CCI. ERNO'DEA (from eprinbr/Q, ernodes, branched ; the
shrub is much branched). Swartz, prod. p. 29. fl. ind. occ. 1.
p. 223. t. 4. Schreb. gen. no. 1718. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p.
373. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 94. t. 196. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist,
nat. Par. 5. p. 156. t. 15. f. 2 D. C. prod. 4. p. 575.
Lin. syst. Telra-Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an
ovate tube, and a 4-6-parted limb ; lobes oblong-linear, acute,
erect, permanent. Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete, some-
what tetragonal tube, a naked throat, and 4-6 lanceolate, revo-
lute lobes, ex Rich ; but circinnately convolute according to
VOL. HI.
others. Stamens with the filaments free from the upper part
of the tube, longer than the corolla ; anthers acute, erect. Style
longer than the stamens ; stigma emarginate. Berry roundish,
crowned by the calyx, bisulcate, 2-celled, containing two 1-
seeded pyrence, or nuts. Seeds peltate, ex Rich, fixed by a
longitudinal chink in the middle. Albumen cartilaginous.
Embryo erect, with foliaceous cotyledons. — A decumbent shrub,
native of America. Leaves opposite, almost sessile, lanceolate
or elliptic. Flowers axillary, pale yellow, sessile.
1 E. littora'lis (Swartz, 1. c.). T? • S. Native of Jamaica,
Porto Rico, Guadaloupe, and others of the West India Islands,
on the sea shore, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 28. — Knoxia, Browne, jam.
140. no. 1. Thymelae'a, Sloane, hist. jam. 2. p. 93. t. 169.
f. 1-2. Berries yellow. In^fl. mex. the flowers are painted
white, and the berries reddish ; it is, therefore, perhaps a dis-
tinct species. Stipulas surrounding the branch ciliated.
Sea-sliore Ernodea. Shrub decumbent.
Cult. See Richardsbnia, p. 628. for culture and propagation.
CCII. CU'NCE A (meaning unknow'n to us). Ham. in D.
Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 13.5. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5.
p. 157. D. C. prod. 4. p. 576.
Lin. syst. Tetrbndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx small,
4-toothed. Corolla with a short tube, a 4-cleft limb, and a
throat closed by villi ; lobes or segments of the limb roundish.
Anthers 4, linear, sessile, inclosed. Stigma bifid, exserted.
Berry 2-celled, 2-seeded, crowned by the calyx. — Herb peren-
nial. Stem erect, branched, terete, tomentose. Leaves oppo-
site, petiolate, nerved downy on both surfaces, 2-3 inches long ;
lower ones elliptic ; upper ones lanceolate, mucronate. Stipulas
twin, tripartite, with the lobes setaceous. Cymes terminal,
compound, trichotomously branched, many-flowered. Flowers
small, yellow.
1 C. trifida (Hamilt. 1. c.). 7/ . F. Native of Nipaul.
Tn/d-bractead Cuncea. PI. 1-| foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Richardsbnia, p. 628.
CCIII. HYDROPHFLAX (from vSwp, hydor, wrater, and
v\\ov , phyllon, a leaf ; the leaves are
the chief beauty of the shrub). Lin. gen. no. 323. Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 123. t. 25. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 370. A. Rich,
mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 140. t. 12. f. 3. D. C. prod.
p.578. — Nobula, Adans. fam. 2. p. 145. — Bupleuroides, Boerh.
— Valerianella, spec. Dill.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digy'nia. Calyx with an obovate,
compressed tube, and an obsolete limb. Corolla with a short tube,
and a 5-lobed spreading limb. Stamens 5. Anthers sessile at
the throat. Style almost wanting. Stigmas 2. Capsule obovate,
compressed, narrow at the apex, divisible into twol -seeded parts,
or nuts, ex Gaertn. which hang from the central filiform axis,
as in the genus Knoxia, or as in umbelliferous plants, ex Rich ;
but according to others there is no central axis. Seeds erect,
conforming to the mericarps. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect,
dorsal, with a filiform radicle, and cordate foliaceous cotyledons.
CCX. ANTHOSPE'RMUM (from avdog, anthos, a flower,
and tnreppa, sperma, a seed). Lin.gen.no. 1164. Juss. gen.
178. Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 87. t. 195. Crus. rub. cap. p. 1.
A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 138. D. C. prod. 4. p.
579. Schlecht. and Cruse, in Linnaea. 6. p. 7. — Tournefortia,
Ponted. epist. 11. ex Gaertn. — Ambraria, Heist, but not of
Cruse.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentandria, Digy'nia, or Dioe'cia Telra-Pen-
tandria. Flowers dioecious or hermaphrodite. Calyx with an
obovate tube, and a 4-5-toothed deciduous limb (f. 110. a.).
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short tube, and a 4-5-parted limb
(f. 110.6.); lobes linear or ovate-lanceolate, revolute, valvate
in aestivation. Stamens 4-5, inserted in the base of the tube of
the corolla (f. 110. c.). Anthers oblong, sub-tetragonal, ex-
serted. Styles 2, very short, connate ? ending each in a long
4 m 2
636
RUBIACE7E. CCX. Anthospermum. CCXI. Ambraria.
hairy stigma (f. 110. /• g.). Fruit composed of 2 easily-sepa-
rated, indehiscent, 1 -seeded mericarps, which are a little com-
pressed at the raphe, and joined together by a flatfish commis-
sure. Albumen sub-cartilaginous. Embryo dorsal, erect. —
Small shrubs or herbs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stems branched. Leaves linear or lanceolate, small, opposite or
verticillate. Stipulas adhering to the petioles at the base, drawn
out into a tooth in the middle. Flowers axillary, sessile, verti-
cillate or opposite, rarely panicled, small, furnished each with
2- 3 bracteas at the base, usually dioecious. The male flowers
are always smaller than the female ones.
* Flowers dioecious, sessile in the axils of the leaves.
1 A. Bergiainum (Cruse, rub. cap. p. 8.) leaves linear-lanceo-
late, 3 in a whorl, imbricated, and connately perfoliate, ciliated ;
flowers pentandrous, disposed in a verticillate spike. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem branched, terete or
obsoletely angular, glabrous at the base, but clothed with long
white hairs above. Leaves pale green, having the margins and
keel ciliated with long white hairs, half an inch long. Whorles
3- flowered.
Sergius's Amber- tree. Shrub 1 foot.
2 A. TEthiopicum (Lin. spec. 1511.) leaves linear- lanceolate,
3 in a whorl, glabrous ; stipulas simple, short, acute ; flowers
tetrandrous, disposed in verticillate spikes ; mericarps elliptic,
clothed with white tubercles, crowned by the calycine teeth. Tj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Crus. rub. cap. p. 10.
Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 195. Lin. hort. cliff, t. 27. — Pluk. aim. t.
183. f. 1. — Ambraria Heisteri, Walth. hort. t. 9. Stem much
branched, downy above. Leaves shining above, and whitish
beneath, 2-3 lines long. Male flowers brownish, and the female
ones green.
Ethiopian Amber-tree. FI. June, July. Clt. 1692. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
3 A. spatula'tum (Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 45. syst. 1. p.
399.) leaves opposite, linear-spatulate, bluntish ; flowers axil-
lary, sub-verticillate ; mericarps oblong, warted ; branches
twiggy, erectly spreading, downy. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope, Cruse, rub. cap. p. 9. and p. 13. A. ASthiopi-
cum, var. /3, oppositifolium, Schlecht. and Cruse, in Linnaea. 6.
p. 10. It differs from A. JEthiopicum in the opposite, linear-
spatulate leaves, and in the more loose habit. A. Auhiopicum,
var. y, Ecklonianum, Schlecht. and Cruse, in Linnaea, 6. p. 10.
does not appear to differ much from this species.
Spatulate-\ea\ed Anthospermum. Shrub 2 feet.
4 A. cilia're (Lin. spec. 1521.) leaves opposite, lanceolate,
acute, ciliated ; stipulas short, simple ; flowers axillary, tetran-
drous ; mericarps obovate, glabrous, shining, destitute of the
calycine limb. b . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
Gaertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 195. Cruse, rub. cap. p. 9. and p. 13.
A. galioides, Rchb. in Spreng. syst. 4. p. 338. — Pluk. mant. t.
344. f. 5. Stem usually decumbent, much branched ; branches
angular, downy. Leaves glabrous, and green above, but white
beneath, connate at the base. Lobes of the corolla hairy out-
side. Anthers white. — The A. galioides, Rchb. differs from this
in the leaves being rusty beneath.
Ciliated- leaved Amber-tree. Shrub decumbent.
5 A. lanceola'tum (Thunb. prod. 32. fl. cap. p. 157.) leaves
opposite, lanceolate, acute, glabrous, spreading ; stipulas pro-
foundly bifid ; flowers axillary, sub-verticillate, tetrandrous, and
often pentandrous ; mericarps ovate-oblong, glabrous. 1? • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Cruse, rub. cap. p. 12. A.
herb&ceum, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 440. Stem procumbent, glabrous,
brownish purple. Branches sub- tetragonal, purplish, downy at
the apex. Leaves an inch long, connate at the base, paler be-
neath, and whitish. Habit of Galium .
Lanceolate- leaved Amber-tree. Shrub procumbent.
6 A. hirtum (Cruse, rub. cap. p. 11.) leaves opposite, lanceo-
late, acute, ciliated while young, hairy at the base ; stipulas sim-
ple, subulate, hairy ; flowers axillary, pentandrous ; mericarps
unknown. Ij • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on
mountains. A. rubiaceum, Rchb. in Spreng. syst. 4. p. 338.
A. lanceolatum, Sieb. fl. cap. no. 90. A. hirshtum, D. C. prod.
4. p. 580. Stem purplish brown, branched, beset with white
hairs about the axils of the leaves. Branches purple, hairy.
Leaves an inch long, connate at the base. Stipulas hairy, of a
shining green colour above, but whitish beneath.
Hairy Amber-tree. Shrub 1 foot.
7 A. sca'brum (Thunb. prod. 32. fl. cap. p. 158.) leaves
opposite, linear, somewhat trigonal, acuminated, having the mar-
gins and keel scabrous ; stipulas simple, very short ; flowers
axillary, pentandrous. • G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, on the mountains. Stem decumbent at the base, branched
a little. Branches aggregate, twiggy, cinereous at the base, and
rather scabrous at the apex, leafy. Leaves ^ to 1 inch long,
connate at the base.
Scabrous Amber-tree. Shrub ^ decumbent.
* * Flowers dioecious, panicled.
8 A. panicula'tum (Cruse, rub. cap. p. 9. and p. 15. t. 1.
f. 2.) leaves opposite, linear-subspatulate ; stipulas short, sim-
ple ; flowers panicled, tetrandrous ; mericarps glabrous, with 3
ribs. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem
fuscescent, branched from the base ; branches downy. Leaves
glabrous, bluntish, pale on the lower surface, hardly \ an inch
long. Panicle terminal, narrow, elongated. Fruit crowned by
the calycine teeth.
Panicled-fl owered Amber-tree. Shrub 1 to 1 \ foot.
* * * Flowers hermaphrodite.
9 A. Lichtenste'inii (Crus. rub. cap. p. 15.) leaves opposite,
linear, keeled, glabrous, ciliated ; stipulas simple, ciliated :
flowers axillary, verticillate ; mericarps hairy. . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Spermacoce ericsefolia, Licht. in
Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 281. Stem branched, glabrous
at bottom, and downy at top. Branches naked at the base.
Leaves connate at the base, mucronate. Flowers tetrandrous.
Lichtenstein' s Amber-tree. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
10 A. spermacoceum (Rchb. in Spreng. syst. 4. p. 338.)
leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, with scabrous margins ; sti-
pulas entire ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate, pentandrous ;
calyx 5-toothed. % . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Stem herbaceous, flexuous, rather angular, branched, glabrous,
but downy at the apex. Leaves connate at the base. Stipulas
pilose, cleft into bristles.
Spermacoce- like Amber-tree. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Phyllis, p. 635. for culture and propagation.
CCXI. AMBRA RIA (a name formerly applied to the genus
Anthospermum by Heister, and is probably derived from Cape
Ambra, in Madagascar). Cruse, rub. cap. p. 16. t. 1. f. 3-4.
D. C. prod. 4. p. 580. but not of Heister. A. Rich. mem. soc.
hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 139. t. 12. f. 2.
Lin. syst. Dice'cia, Tetrandria. Flowers dioecious, of the
same structure as those of Anthospermum, but differs from that
genus in the capsule being 3-celled, the intermediate cell vacant,
and the lateral ones 1 -seeded. The rest as in Anthospermum.
1 A. hi'rta (Cruse, rub. cap. p. 17. t. 1. f. 2.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, connately perfoliate ; fruit tomentosely hairy. 1? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Shrub much branched from
the base, hairy at the top. Leaves linear, subtriquetrous, gla-
brous, connate at the base, with the margins and keel ciliated,
RUBIACE^E. CCXI. Ambraria. CCXII. Sherardia. CCXIII. Asperula.
637
at length imbricated and deciduous. Stipulas hardly prominent,
ciliated. Flowers axillary, verticillate. According to Cham, et
Schlecht. Cliffortia cinerea, Lin. is a synonyme of this.
Hairy Ambraria. Shrub to ■§ foot.
2 A. gla'bra (Cruse, rub. cap. p. 17. t. 1. f. 3.) leaves 3 in
a whorl, connately perfoliate ; fruit obovately subglobose, gla-
brous. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nenax
acerosa, Gaertn. fruct. t. 32. f. 7. Young branches reddish.
Leaves linear, subtriquetrous, glabrous, serrulately ciliated on
the margin and keel, 3-6 lines long, and % to 1 broad. Flowers
axillary, subverticillate.
Glabrous Ambraria. Shrub ^ to ^ foot.
Cult. See Phyllis, p. 635. for culture and propagation.
Tribe XII.
STELLATE (from stellatus, starry ; the leaves and stipu-
las form whorles, resembling the rays of a star). Ray, syn. p.
223. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 220. D. C. prod. 4.
p. 580. — Apanneae, Link, (1809). — Galeae, Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. (1818) 3. p. 335. — Asperuleae, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist,
nat. Par. (1830) 5. p. 126. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely of
different sexes. Corolla rotate or funnel-shaped ; lobes valvate
in aestivation. Styles 2, almost distinct from the base, or more
or less combined in one. Stigmas capitate. Fruit constantly
of 2 indehiscent 1-seeded mericarps. Seeds hardly distinct
from the pericarp and calyx. Albumen horny. — Usually herbs,
rarely small shrubs. Leaves opposite, bearing each a bud in the
axils, furnished with 1-2 or 3 leaf-formed stipulas between the
leaves on both sides, which are destitute of buds, and form
whorles along with them. Roots usually red, furnishing a red
dye, as the madder. — The leaves are only to be distinguished
from the stipulas in having buds in their axils.
CCXII. SHERA'RDIA (named by Dillenius after his patron
William Sherard, LL.D., consul at Smyrna). Dill. gen. 3. Lin.
gen. no. 120. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 110. t. 24. A. Rich. mem.
soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 129. D. C. prod. 4. p. 581. — Dillenia,
Heister. — Aparines spec. Tourn.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate tube,
and a 4-6-toothed permanent limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, with
a terete tube, and a 4-lobed limb. Stamens 4. Style 1, 2-lobed
at the apex ; stigmas capitellate. Fruit dry, crowned by the
calyx, divisible into two mericarps; mericarps 1-seeded, inde-
hiscent, flat on one side, and convex on the other. — An annual
herb, native of Europe. Leaves opposite, with 1-2 stipulas on
each side, obovate, acute, scabrous, forming whorles. Flowers
small, red, capitate, almost sessile, girded or involucrated by
the uppermost whorl of leaves.
1 S. arve'nsis (Lin. spec. p. 149.) ©. H. Native of Europe
and Tauria, very common in fields in sandy soil; plentiful in
many parts of Britain in fallow fields and among corn. FI. dan.
t. 439. Curt. lond. 5. t. 13. Smith, engl. hot. t. 891. Schkuhr,
handb. t. 22. — Barrel, icon. t. 541. Root with many reddish
brown fibres. The whole plant rough and hairy. Leaves rough
along the edges and keel, 4-6 in a whorl.
Corn Field-madder. FI. April, Sept. Britain. PI. ^ to -i ft.
N. B. Slierdrdia fruticosa (Lin. spec. 149.) stem shrubby ;
leaves 4 in a whorl, equal ; flowers axillary. b • G. Native of
the island of Ascension. Stipulas very short, subulate, interfo-
liaceous. Corolla white. Fruit unknown. This plant appears
to be intermediate between Diodia and Spermacoce.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground
in a dry situation.
CCXIII. ASPE'RULA (a dim. of asper, rough ; leaves).
Lin. gen. no. 121. Juss. gen. 196. Lam. ill. t. 61. Gaertn. fil.
carp. 3. p. 89. t. 195. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
130. t. 11. f. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 581.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate
didymous tube, and a very short 4-toothed deciduous or ob-
solete limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, rarely campanulate, 4-
cleft, rarely 3-cleft. Styles 2, joined together at the base, and
nearly to the apex. Fruit didymous, not crowned by the calyx,
dry, or hardly fleshy ; mericarps easily separated, indehiscent,
1-seeded. — Herbs, rarely small shrubs. Stems and branches
usually tetragonal. Leaves opposite, with 1-2-3 stipulas on each
side ; they are therefore called 4 to 8 in a whorl, but between
the uppermost leaves there are no stipulas. Flowers terminal
and axillary, in fascicles.
§ 1 . Slierardiana (this section only contains plants with the
habit of Sherardia). D. C. prod. 4. p. 581. Annual plants.
Corollas tubularly funnel-shaped.
1 A. arve^nsis (Lin. spec. p. 149.) plant erect, smoothish ;
leaves 6-10 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear, a little ciliated ; lower
ones obovate : floral ones ciliated with long hairs ; corymbs fas-
cicled, terminal, many flowered; flowers sessile ; fruit glabrous.
©. H. Native of Europe and Caucasus, in fields and arid
stony places. A. coerulea, Dod. pempt. p. 355. Lob. icon. t.
801. f. 2- A. ciliata, Mcench. meth. p. 484. A. clubia, Willd.
herb, ex Spreng. Roots yellow. Under surface of leaves whitish
from adpressed hairs. This differs from all the other species of
Asperula in the flowers being blue. It differs from Slierdrdia
in the capsule not being crowned by the calyx, in the blunter
leaves, and in the floral leaves being ciliated. Anthers yellow.
Cornfield Woodroof. FI. July. Clt. 1596. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
2 A. cilia'ris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 582.) stems ascending, an-
gular, glabrous ; leaves 6-9 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear, acute,
and are as well as the bracteas, serrated by stiff ciliae ; flowers
almost sessile, disposed in a terminal subumbellate corymb, pen-
tandrous ; style exserted. — Native of Persia, where it was col-
lected by Gmelin. Corollas glabrous, 5-6 lines long. Stamens 5.
CiliatedAe&ved. Woodroof. PI. ascending.
3 A. triciio'des (Gay, in litt. 1829. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 582.)
stems erect, simple at the base, branched at the apex, glabrous ;
leaves glabrous, subulately filiform, equal in length to the inter-
nodes: cauline ones 10-16 in a whorl, and the rameal ones 2-6
in a whorl ; pedicels solitary, almost axillary ; corollas small,
dowmy outside, trifid ; fruit obovate, clothed wit!) very short
down. ©. H. Native of the north of Persia. Stem very
smooth, white, 7-10 inches high. Leaves an inch long, scabrous.
Corolla greenish- white, with a slender terete tube, and oblong
awnless lobes. Stamens 3.
Hairy Woodroof, PI. ^ to 1 foot.
§ 2. Cyndncliicce (this section agrees with A. cynanchica in the
corollas being funnel-shaped). D. C. prod. 4. p. 582. Plants
perennial. Corollas tubularly funnel-shaped.
4 A. Tauri'na (Lin. spec. 150.) plant smoothish, erect;
leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, with finely
ciliated margins ; corymbs pedunculate, -axillary, fasciculately
umbellate, involucrated ; bracteas ciliated ; fruit glabrous, and
rather scabrous. 7/ . H. Native ofDauphiny, Piedmont, Swit-
zerland, Carniola, Iberia, &c. on hills in shady places. A. tri-
nervia, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 376. Galium Taurinum, Scop. earn,
no. 148. — Lob. icon. t. 800. f. 1. — Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 21.
f. 1.— Hall. helv. no. 732. Leaves broad. Corollas white,
elongated. Anthers violaceous, exserted.
Bull Woodroof. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 foot.
5 A. l/eviga'ta (Lin. mant. p. 38.) plant glabrous, ascending;
leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic, nerved, with finely scabrous mar-
gins ; cymes corymbose, pedunculate, axillary or nearly terminal;
corolla with a short tube ; fruit glabrous, scabrous from elevated
638
RUBIACEiE. CCXIII. Asperula.
dots. 7/ . H. Native of the south of Europe, in rugged places
and in woods, from Narbonne to Constantinople. Willd. spec.
1. p. 579. exclusive of Barrel, syn. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3344. A.
rotundifolia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 298. — Moris, oxon. 3. sect. 9. t.
21. f. 4. — Bocc. sic. p. 10. t. 11. f. 5. Flowers white.
Smooth Woodroof. Fl. June. Clt. 1775. PI. to 1 foot
ascending.
6 A. hexaphv'lla (All. ped. no. 48. t. 77. f. 3.) plant as-
cending, glabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, spreading, acute,
with revolute scabrous margins ; cymes terminal ; flowers ag-
gregate, umbellate ; bracteas glabrous, acute, shorter than the
flowers. 7/. H. Native of Piedmont, on the lower Alps about
Tende and Saorgio. A. Allioni, Baumg. enum. trans. 1. p. 80.
Corolla purple outside, but white within.
Var. (3, rigidula (D. C. prod. 4. p. 582.) leaves stiffer and
blunter than those of the species, and the floral ones are obovate.
l/.H. Native of Sicily, in the fissures of calcareous rocks by
the sea side. A. hexaphylla, Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 166.
There are glabrous and downy variations of this plant.
Six-leaved Woodroof. PI. \ foot.
7 A. gra'cilis (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 52.) plant perennial,
smooth, glabrous ; stems filiform, much branched, diffuse; leaves
4 in a whorl, equal, elliptic, bluntish, with rather scabrous mar-
gins : upper ones opposite ; umbels terminal, few-flowered ; co-
rolla 4-5-cleft, almost glabrous, with obtuse segments ; style
semibifid; mericarps smooth, glabrous. 7£. H. Native of
Caucasus, in alpine places at the river Malka.
Slender Woodroof. PI. diffuse.
8 A. hi'rta (Ramond, bull. phil. no. 41. p. 131. t. 9. f. 1.
2-3.) plant tufted, erectish ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, acute,
hairy, longer than the internodes ; flowers aggregately umbel-
late, terminal, sessile, exceeding the bracteas ; fruit glabrous.
7/.H. Native of the central Pyrenees, on the higher ranges
on dry banks. A. nov. spec. St. Amans, trav. pyr. 194. Corollas
white, purplish outside. In cultivation the plant becomes smooth,
and is then referrible to A. hexaphylla.
Hairy Woodroof. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. foot.
9 A. tinctoria (Lin. spec. 150.) plant erectish, glabrous ;
leaves linear : lower ones 6 in a whorl : middle ones 4, and the
uppermost ones opposite; floral leaves ovate; flowers usually
trifid. 7/ . H. Native of Europe, on hills in arid stony places.
A. rubeola (3, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 375. Galium tinctorium, Scop,
earn. no. 149. — Tabern. icon. t. 733. f. 2. Roots large, creep-
ing, reddish, and are used in Gothland instead of madder for
dyeing red. Plant procumbent, unless supported. Stem 1-2
feet long, purplish. Flowers usually by threes. Corollas white,
reddish on the outside. Very like A. cynancliica.
Dyers' Woodroof. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1764. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
10 A. cyna'nchica (Lin. spec. p. 151.) plant glabrous,
erectish; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear: lower ones small, oblong,
upper ones opposite ; floral ones lanceolate-linear, acuminately
awned ; flowers terminal, quadrifid ; fruit granulated. 7/ • H.
Native of Europe, in dry gravelly places ; abundant in many parts
of England on chalky downs. Smith, engl. bot. t. 33. Berg. phyt.
t. 81. Rubia cynancliica, J. Bauh. hist. 3.p. 723. with a figure.
Asp. rubeola a, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 375. A. tinctoria var. (3, Lam.
diet. 1. p. 298. Galium cynanchicum, Scop. earn. no. 147. Herb
variable in habit. Stems prostrate, dichotomously branched.
The flowers grow on erect branches, forming a fastigiate corymb,
white or blush-coloured, elegantly marked with red lines, and
sometimes they are pure white. Dalechamp seems to be the chief
authority for the reputation this plant formerly acquired in the
cure of quinsies. He says it should be applied externally, as
well as taken internally, but it is now entirely out of use.
Var. f3, heterophylla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 583.) decumbent;
leaves of the sterile branches ovate, and of the flowering ones
linear. 7/. H. Native of the Pyrenees, in sandy places. A.
Pyren&ica, Lin. herb. A. cynanchica (3 and y, D. C. suppl. fl. fr.
p. 493. A. rubeola, Gratel, in bull. soc. hist. nat. bord. 1. p.
311.?
Var. (3, saxatilis (D. C. suppl. p. 495. var. ti,) plant tufted,
erect; leaves linear, length of internodes. 7£. H. Native of
the Pyrenees, among stones and on rocks. A. Pyrenaica, Lin.
spec. 151.? A. saxatilis, Lam. ill. no. 139. A. multiflora,
Lapeyr. abr. p. 62. ex Benth.
Var. Hi, elongata (Stev. inlitt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 583.) plant
elongated, erect ; leaves linear, shorter than the internodes. 71.
H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus. A. cynanchica, Bieb. fl.
taur.
Quinsy Woodroof. Fl. July. England. PI. -| to 1 foot.
11 A. supina (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 101.) glabrous; stem
much branched at the base, procumbent ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, acute : low'er ones imbricately crowded ; peduncles S-
flowered, axillary and terminal, rather panicled ; corolla with a
terete tube, and 4 oblong lobes ; fruit glabrous. 7/.H. Native
of Tauria and Caucasus, in the fissures of calcareous rocks, and
in gravelly places. A. cynanchica (3, Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 406.
Very nearly allied to A. cynanchica, but the flowers are white,
not as in it, blush-coloured. Internodes of the stem short.
Supine Woodroof. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. pr.
12 A. longiflora (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. t. 150 )
stems numerous from the same neck, erectish, glabrous ; leaves
4 in a whorl, linear : lower ones small, obovate : upper ones op-
posite ; fascicles of flowers terminal, pedunculate ; bracteas
small, subulate ; tube of corolla elongated ; fruit glabrous,
smooth. % . H. Native of Croatia, Carniola, and Carinthia, in
mountainous places, and on rocks. A. suav&olens, Schrad. in litt.
1815. Corolla whitish, yellowish inside, and reddish outside.
Stems weak.
Long-Jlorvered Woodroof. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. ft.
13 A. brevifolia (Vent. hort. cels. p. 63. t. 63.) plant gla-
brous, decumbent ; leaves 4 in a w'horl, very short, distant : up-
permost ones opposite ; flowers axillary, solitary on short pedi-
cels, and in terminal fascicles ; corolla 4-cleft ; style bipartite to
the base. 7/. H. Native of Caramania, near Cylindre on
mountains. Stem much branched. Corollas at first yellowish-
green, but at length becoming purplish.
Short-leaved Woodroof. Fl. July, Aug, Clt. 1824. PI. dec.
14 A. lu'tea (Smith, fl. grsec. t. 120.) stems erect; leaves 4 in
a whorl, linear, glabrous, mucronate ; flowers in fascicles, downy,
awned. 11 . H. Native of Mount Parnassus. Rubeola Cre-
tica saxatilis frutescens flore luteo, Tourn. cor. p. 5. Flowers
yellow'. Fascicles of flowers spicate.
Yellorv-d owered Woodroof. PI. 1 foot.
15 A. arista'ta (Lin. fil. suppl. 120.) plant erect, glabrous;
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, acute : upper ones opposite : the
floral ones like the rest, but smaller ; flowers in terminal fasci-
cles ; lobes of corolla bluntly awned. 7/ . H. Native of the
south of Europe, Sicily, &c. Flowers usually by threes, pale
yellow.
Var. (3, jldccida (D. C. prod. 4. p. 583.) plant diffuse;
branches divaricate, pendulous ; pedicels usually 2-flowered.
7£ . H. Native of the kingdom of Naples, in rocky places. A.
flaccida, Tenore, append. 4. prod. p. 8. A. cynanchica a,
Tenore, prod. xii. A. longiflora, Tenore, fl. med. p. 89.
Awned-dowered Woodroof. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Ph
| to 1 foot.
16 A. monta'na (Willd. enum. p. 151.) glabrous ; stem flac-
cid ; leaves linear : lower ones 6 in a w'horl : middle ones 4,
upper ones opposite ; floral leaves linear ; flowers in fascicles;
corollas 4-cleft, scabrous externally. 7/ . H. Native of Hun-
1
)
RUBIACEiE. CCXIII. Asperula.
639
gary, on hills in woods. Link, enum. 1. p. 134. Corolla blush.
Perhaps sufficiently distinct from A. tinctdria.
Mountain Woodroof. FI. June, July. Clt. 1801. PI. ^ to
to | foot.
17 A. hirsu'ta (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 127.) plant erect or ascend-
ing ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, acute, with revolute margins :
lower ones and tops of stems glabrous ; flowers in fascicled um-
bels, rising from the tops of the stem or branches ; bracteas
hardly exceeding the ovaries ; fruit glabrous. g. H. Native
of Algiers and Algarves, on chalky and sandy hills. Rubeola
Lusitanica, &c. Tourn. inst. p. 130. A. repens, Brot. phyt. lus.
1. no. 10. t. 10. A. Alg&rica, Pers. ench. 1. p. 124. Rubia
repens, &c. Grisl. vir.no. 1244. Stem hairy at bottom. Leaves
glaucous. Flowers subcapitate, red. In cultivation this plant
becomes smooth.
Hairy Woodroof. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
18 A. tomentosa (Ten. prod. xii. fl. neap. t. 9.) plant ascend-
ing or diffuse, clothed with velvety tomentum ; leaves 4 in a
whorl, linear, with revolute margins : lower ones obovate ;
flowers terminal or axillary, 8-10 in a fascicle ; bracteas rather
shorter than the flowers. H. Native of Goats’ Island,
near Naples, in arid places. Herb branched from the base.
Stem tetragonal. Stipular leaves the longest. Tube of corolla
longish. Corolla red. A crassifolia, Lin. mant. p. 37. does
not seem to differ from the present plant. Perhaps A. scabra,
Link, enum. 1. p. 134. is also the same.
Far. jj, semiglabra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 584.) lower part of
herb velvety ; upper part and flowers glabrous. 1(. H. Native
along with the species, and probably of Sicily at Cafalu. A.
commutata, Presl, fl. sic. prod. p. 62. ? Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
3. p. 267. ?
Tomentose Woodroof. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. PI.
to f foot.
19 A. inca'na (Smith, fl. graec. t. 119.) stems villous at the
base, and smoothish at top ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, hoary ;
flowers downy, in terminal fascicles. 1/ . H. Native of Candia,
on the Sphaceotic mountains. Flowers pale red.
Hoary Woodroof. PI. to ^ foot.
20 A. Arcadie'nsis (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2146.) plant hoary,
decumbent ; leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong-ovate, acute, with re-
volute edges ; flowers terminal and axillary, aggregate, sessile ;
style bifid at top. 1/ . F. Native of Arcadia, on Mount
Tyria. A small hoary plant, with rose-coloured flowers. Ga-
lium Grae'cum, Hort.
Arcadian Woodroof. Fl. May. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to 3
inches.
21 A. de'bilis (Led. hort. dorp, suppl. 1824. p. 2.) plant
hispid from pili ; leaves 6 in a whorl : upper 4 in a whorl, linear-
lanceolate, scabrous above, and keel smooth ; umbels lateral,
pedunculate, 3-flowered ; corolla funnel-shaped ; fruit granular.
1/. H. Native ofTauria, near Bachtschisarai.
Weak Woodroof. PI. ^ foot.
22 A. nitida (Smith, fl. graec. t. 124.) glabrous; stems dif-
fuse, densely tufted, as well as the leaves ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
shining, glaucescent : lower ones oval, the rest linear, acute,
awned, revolute ; fascicles terminal, 3-4-flowered, length of
leaves ; lobes of corolla awned ; tube terete, wide ; fruit gla-
brous, rather rugged. g. H. Native of Sicily, on rocky
and gravelly mountains, and on Mount Olympus, in Bithynia.
Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 168. Flowers purplish. Very like A.
hexuphyllum.
Nilid Woodroof. PI. tufted, i foot.
23 A. sca'bra (Presl. del. prag. p. 124. but not of Link.)
stem scabrous, diffuse, kneed ; leaves 4 in a whorl : lower ones
oblong downy : upper ones glabrous, linear, unequal, opposite,
small, awned ; flowers in fascicles ; corollas scabrous, with the
lobes mucronate ; style bipartite to the base. g . H. Native
of Sicily, on dry mountains ; of Spain, in arid places ; and of
Portugal, on the banks of the Tagus and Douro. Guss. prod. fl.
sic. 1. p. 167. A. digyna, Dufour, ann. gen. sc. phys. 7. p. 295.
A. macrorhiza, Link. fl. port. 2. p. 41. t. 84. Stems exactly
quadrangular. Flowers purplish white. Habit of A. longi-
Jldra, but differs from it in the lower leaves and flowers being
downy.
Scabrous Woodroof. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
24 A. alpina (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 103.) the whole plant,
as well as the corollas and ovaries are downy ; stems procum-
bent, much branched, tetragonal ; leaves 4 in a w'horl, linear,
acute : upper ones nearly equal, spreading ; cymes terminal,
crowded, 5-7-flowered ; lobes of corolla 4. 1/. H. Native of
Eastern Caucasus, on the Alps. A. cynanchica, var. y, Stev.
in mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 253. Meyer, verz.pfl. p. 406. Flowers
white, or tinged with red. Leaves shorter and broader than in
A. cynanchica, and the lower ones blunter.
Alpine Woodroof. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. -§• foot.
25 A. creta'cea (VVilld. in Roem. et. Schultes, syst. 3. p.
529.) stems tufted, prostrate ; leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate :
the whorles so close as to be imbricated ; flowers terminal,
aggregate. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia, in chalky places.
Cretaceous Woodroof. PI. prostrate.
26 A. littora'eis (Smith, fl. graec. t. 122.) stem downy;
leaves linear, 4 in a whorl, scabrous on the margins and stem
(almost hoary, according to D’Urv.) : floral ones opposite ;
flowers quadrifid, pilose; fruit hispid. 1/. H. Native on the
shores of the Euxine Sea, on hills. Flowers pale red. Fasci-
cles of flowers disposed in terminal panicles.
Sca-shore Woodroof. PI. procumbent.
27 A. negle'cta (Guss. pi. rar. 69. t. 13. f. 1.) stems nu-
merous, hairy, ascending ; leaves 4 in a whorl, hairy, acute,
longer than the internodes : lower ones obtuse ; flowers in ter-
minal fascicles ; mericarps globose, hispid, g. H. Native of
Abruzzo and Sardinia, in alpine places. Corolla white inside,
and reddish outside, and downy. Bracteas ovate. Said to be
allied to A. litlordlis.
Neglected Woodroof. PI. decumbent.
28 A. miens (Guss. pi. rar. 70. t. 13. f. 2.) plant smooth ;
stems tufted, decumbent ; leaves 4 in a whorl, awned, longer
than the internodes, shining, quite glabrous : lower ones the
broadest ; flowers in terminal fascicles ; lobes of corolla awned ;
mericarps tubercularly muricated. H. Native of Abruzzo,
in arid, alpine situations. Flowers white inside, and purplish
outside. Very like A. neglecla, and probably only a variety
of it.
Shining Woodroof. PI. decumbent.
29 A. rigida (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 121.) stems diffuse,
downy ; leaves linear, 4 in a whorl, superior ones opposite ;
flowers scattered ; fruit glabrous. H. Native of Candia,
on hills and in fields, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 270. exclu-
sive of the syn. of Lois. Leaves rather scabrous. Flowers pale
red, disposed in terminal and lateral few-flowered fascicles.
Stiff Woodroof. PI. \ to 1 foot.
30 A. suberosa (Smith, fl. graec. t. 123.) stems tufted, as-
cending ; root corky ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, rather hoary ;
lobes of the corolla awnless. g . H. Native of Greece, on
high rocks. Stems downy. Flowers rose-coloured, disposed in
subspicate fascicles.
Corky- rooted Woodroof. PI. -j to foot.
§ 3. Galioidece (the plants contained in this section agree
with Galium, in having campanulate flowers). D. C. prod. 4.
p. 5 85. Perennial plants. Corollas campanulate.
31 A. longifolia (Smith, fl. grace, t. 118.) stems smooth;
640
RUBIACEiE. CCXIII. Asperula. CCXIV. Crucianella.
leaves 8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, deflexed, with rather sca-
brous margins ; panicles capillary, many-flowered ; fruit smooth.
1/ . H. Native of Turkey, about Constantinople. Flowers
white, eampanulately funnel-shaped. Habit of a species of Galium.
Long-leaved, Woodroof. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 3
feet, diffuse.
32 A. odora'ta (Dod. pempt. p. 355.) plant glabrous, erect,
or ascending; stems simple; leaves 8 in a whorl, lanceolate,
smooth, with serrulately scabrous edges ; corymbs terminal,
pedunculate ; fruit hispid. % . H. Native of Europe, Si-
beria, and Caucasus, in shady places and woods ; plentiful in
Britain. CEd. fl. dan. t. 562. Lam. ill. t. 61. Mill. fig. t. 55.
Smith, eng. hot. t. 755. Blackw. t. 60. Galium odortitum,
Scop. earn. no. 158. Root creeping a little below the surface
of the soil. Stems tetragonal. Corymbs usually trifid, each
division bearing about 4 flowers. Flowers snowy white. The
plant is without scent when fresh, but when dried diffuses an
odour like that of vernal grass. It is said to give a grateful
flavour to wine ; and when kept among clothes, not only to im-
part an agreeable perfume to them, but to preserve them from
insects. Turner calls the plant Wood-rose, or Wood-rowel.
Gerard, Woodrowe, Woodrowell, and Woodrooffe; and Parkin-
son, Woodroof e. In modern times it is called Woodroof or
Woodruff. These names are derived from the place of its natural
growth, in woods, and from the whorles, ruffs, or rowels of
leaves.
Sweet-scented or common Woodroof. Fl. May, June, Britain.
PI. \ to ^ foot.
33 A. aparine (Bieb. fl. taur. p. 102. and suppl. 105. Bess,
fl. gall. 1. p. 114.) branches diffuse, straggling, with scabrous
angles ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, oblong or lanceolate, scabrous,
having the keel and margins beset with small retrograde
prickles ; peduncles axillary, branched, disposed in a loose fasci-
culate panicle ; corolla short, tubular ; fruit granular. "If . H.
Native of Galicia, Tauria, Caucasus, Volhynia, Russia at Mos-
cow7, Siberia, and Greece, in boggy, grassy places. Rchb. pi.
crit. 1. t. 93. f. 198. Galium uliginosum, Pall. ind. taur. Asp.
rivalis, Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 117. Angles of stems sca-
brous from retrograde prickles. Flowers white, eampanulately
funnel-shaped. Very much the habit of Galium aparine, but
stronger. Herb scabrous all over.
Cleavers’ Woodroof. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. strag-
gling.
34 A. panicula'ta (Bunge in Ledeb. fl. alt. ill. t. 301. fl. alt.
1. p. 140.) stems tetragonal, glabrous; low7er leaves 4 in a
whorl : the rest 6, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, with scabrous
margins ; flowers terminal and axillary, panicled ; panicle dif-
fuse; corollas campanulate ; fruit smooth. 1/. H. Native of
Siberia, in grassy parts of mountains at the rivers Tscharysch
and Sentelek, and in sandy places at the river Katunja. Leaves
rather glaucous beneath. Corollas w'hite, with obtuse seg-
ments.
Panicled- flowered Woodroof. PI. 1 foot.
35 A. subvelutina (D. C. prod. 4. p. 585.) stems many,
branched, erect, velvety from small down; leaves 5-8 in a whorl,
broad-linear, obtuse, rather velvety ; flowers verticillate, and
capitate at the tops of the branches ; floral leaves small ; co-
rollas campanulate ; fruit glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of Persia,
on Mount Elwend, where it was collected by Olivier and Bru-
guiere. Old stems permanent, white, and glabrous. Leaves 6
lines long, and a line broad.
Rather-velvety Woodroof. PI. \ to 1 foot.
36 A. galioides (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 101. and suppl. p. 104.)
plant glabrous ; stems terete, ascending ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl,
linear, glaucous; peduncles dichotomous, terminal, corymbose;
corollas campanulate ; fruit glabrous, smooth. 1/. H. Native
of Middle and South Europe, even to Tauria and Caucasus, in
stony places. Galium glaucum, and probably Galium monta-
num, var. Lin. spec. 156. Asp. glauca, Bess. Galium Hal-
leri, Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 88. Galium campanulatum, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 326. Galium grandiflorum, Clairv. man. p. 41.
Flowers white. Plant glaucous. — This is a very variable plant,
and is intermediate between Galium and Asperula. Stems
either terete or bluntly sub-tetragonal, erectish or diffuse,
smooth or scabrous at the base. Leaves with revolute or flat
margins, obtuse or mucronulate. — See Jacq. fl. austr. t. 84. Vill.
dauph. t. 7. Bocc. mus. 2. t. 116.
J ar. (3, Tyrdica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 585.) stems erect, hispid
at the base ; lower leaves rather hispid. If. H. Native about
Tyra and elsewhere, in stony places. Asperula Tyraica, Bess,
enum. cont. p. 42. Galium glaucum, var. Requien, in. herb.
D. C.
Galium-like Woodroof. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. to ft.
37 A. humifu'sa (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 105.) stems pros-
trate, much branched, hispid, tetragonal ; leaves 6 in a whorl,
linear, spreadingly reflexed, with scabrous edges : lowermost
ones 8 in a whorl; pedicels axillary, usually by threes, 1-
flowered ; corolla sub-campanulate, with a short tube ; fruit
glabrous. If. H. Native of Tauria, Caucasus, at the Don,
and on Mount Beschtau, Podolia, and about Theodosia, ex
D’Urv. enum. p. 15. Galium humifusum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p.
104. Ledeb. in Schrad. neu. journ. 4. t. 1. p. 59. Flowers
white.
Trailing Woodroof. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. prostrate.
Species not sufficiently known.
38 A. Tournefortii (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 395.) stems
suffruticose ; leaves obovate-oblong, quite glabrous, glaucous ;
whorles of flowers approximate; flowers sub-fasciculate, hispid.
l/.H. Native of Candia.
TourneforC s Woodroof. PI. suffruticose.
39 A. umbella'ta (Willd. herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 586.)
2f . H. Native of Hungary. This is the same as A. hexaphylla,
ex Spreng. syst. but according to Stevens, obs. mss. it differs in
the flowers being shorter.
Umbellate-fiowered Woodroof. PI.
40 A. involucra'ta (Bergr. et Wahl, in isis. 1828. vol. 21.
p. 971.) leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate, elongated, obtuse, gla-
brous ; stems decumbent ; peduncles lateral and terminal :
flowers umbellate ; leaves of involucrum obtuse, glabrous. "If ■
H. Native of the Levant, among bushes on the sides of hills.
Leaves like those of Galium paluslre.
Involucrated Woodroof. Pi. decumbent.
Cult. Most of the species of Woodroof are very pretty when
in flow'er, and are therefore well adapted for decorating flower-
borders or rock-w7ork. They will grow in any common garden-
soil, and are easily increased by parting at the root. A. odorata
will thrive under the shade of trees, where hardly any7 thing else
will grow. The seeds of annual species only require to be sown
where the plants are intended to remain.
CCXIV. CRUCIANE'LLA (a dim. of crux, across : in allu-
sion to the leaves being placed crosswise). Lin. gen. no. 126.
Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 111. t. 24. Lam. ill. t. 61. Juss. mem. mus.
6. p. 370. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 131. I). C.
prod. 4. p. 586.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an
ovate tube, and a hardly distinct limb. Corolla tubular, elon-
gated, funnel-shaped, 4-5-lobed ; lobes usually drawn out into a
setaceous, inflexed appendage each. Stamens 4-5, inclosed ;
anthers linear. Style 2-lobed at the apex, shorter than the tube
of the corolla. Fruit divisible into 2 parts, but not crowned by
RUBIACEAL CCXIV. Crucianella.
641
the calyx ; mericarps semi-ovate or oblong, indehiscent. — Herbs,
sometimes suffrutescent at the base, but usually annual. Leaves
truly opposite, furnished with from 1 to 3 stipulas on each side.
Flowers furnished with 3 bracteas each, the exterior bractea
representing a cauline leaf, and the 2 lateral ones opposite, all
longer than the ovarium, and appearing like a calyx. Spikes
sometimes elongated and continuous, sometimes capitate, and
sometimes interrupted from being formed of pedunculate fasci-
cles of flowers.
§ 1 . Flowers disposed in continuous spikes.
1 C. latifolia (Lin. spec. 157.) plant erect, with ascending
branches ; leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic-lanceolate, acute : lower
ones usually ovate, and mucronated, with scabrous margins ;
spikes filiform, tetragonal ; flowers quadrifid, solitary, imbricated
in 4 rows. ©. H. Native in the region of the Mediterranean,
in sandy places from Spain and Mauritania to Tauria. Guss.
prod. fl. sic. 181. Smith, fl. graec. t. 139. C. spicata, ft, Lam. fl.
fr. 3. p. 372. Schmied. icon. t. 83. f. 84. — Barrel, icon. t. 520.
and 549. Corollas slender, pale yellow : lobes awned.
Var. 1 3, erectiuscula, (D. C. prod. 4. p. 586.) stem erectish.
C. latifolia, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 106.
1 3 Var. y, Monspeliaca,(D. C. 1. c.) lower leaves ovate : upper
ones 5-6 in a whorl, linear. ©. H. Native of France, Me-
diterranean, Dalmatia, Greece, Palestine. Benth. cat. no. 73.
C. Monspeliaca, Lin. spec. 158. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3347. Smith,
fl. graec. t. 140. C. spicata, y, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 372. C. vul-
garis, Gat. fl. mont. 44. Rubeola heterophylla, Mcench. meth.
p. 526. Lobes of corolla 5, ending in a twisted awn each.
Broad-leaved Crosswort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1633. PI.
1 foot, ascending.
2 C. angusti folia (Lin. spec. p. 157.) erect; leaves 6 in a
whorl, linear, acute, scabrous on the margins, and on the angles
of the stem ; spikes linear, imbricated in 4 rows, somewhat inter-
rupted at the base ; flowers tetramerous, tw in : one of them
bibracteolate. ©. H. Native of arid, stony places from Spain
and Mauritania to Tauria and Caucasus. Smith, exot. bot. t.
109. Guss. prod. fl. sic. p. 181. C. spicata, a, Lam. fl. fr. 3.
p.372. Rubeola linearifolia, Mcench, meth. p. 525. — -Barrel,
icon. t. 550. — Sabb. hort. rom. 2. t. 12. Corolla slender, yel-
lowish-green.
Var. ft, monostachya (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3345.) stem simple,
bearing only one spike at the apex.
Var. y, mucrondta, (Roth, cat. 1. p. 27.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
mucronate.
Narrow-leaved Crosswort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1658. PI.
1 foot.
3 C. glau'ca (A. Rich, in mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 131.)
plant suflfruticose at the base, erect, glaucous ; leaves 6 in a
whorl, linear, with revolute edges ; spikes slender, pedunculate,
somewhat interrupted at the base ; bracteas ciliated ; flowers
pentamerous. 7/ . H. Native of Persia.
Var. a, Biuguieri (D. C. prod. 4. p. 587.) leaves rough;
branchlets and bracteoles rather velvety from fine dow-n. . H.
Native of Persia, between Kermancha and Amadan, where it
was collected by Olivier and Bruguiere.
V ar. ft, Michauxii (D. C. 1. c.) stem glabrous ; leaves smooth-
ish ; bracteas a little smaller. 7/.H. Native of Persia, where
it was collected by Michaux.
Glaucous Crosswort. PI. 1 foot.
4 C. cilia'ta (Lam. diet. 2. p. 217.) plant diffuse; leaves 4
in a whorl, or opposite ; spikes hardly interrupted at the base ;
bracteas ciliated, unequal, rather loose ; flowers tetramerous ;
fruit beset with blunt tubercles. ©. H. Native of the Levant,
about Aleppo, where it was collected by Michaux. C. diffusa,
Roth, in Ust. neu. ann. 4. p, 40. cat. 1. p. 26. C. tuberculosa,
VOL. III.
Cav. descript, p. 349. Flowers yellowish. Nearly allied to C.
patula.
Ci/mon-coloured-fruited Madder. PI. procumbent.
33 1\. la:viga'ta (D. C. 1. c.) plant quite glabrous ; stems
tufted, much branched, diffuse ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate-ob-
lorg or ovate-lanceolate; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, bear-
ing 4 leaves at tbe apex ; flower sessile, within the involucrum ;
fruit glabrous, smooth. ©. ? H. Native of Mexico, where it
w'as collected by Haenke. Galium laevigatum, Barth mss.
Smooth Madder. PI. diffuse.
34 R. ? corymbosa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 591.) stems creeping,
filiform ; branches alternate, erect, corymbosely dichotomous,
tetragonal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, sessile, approximate, oblong-
lanceolate, rather ciliated, glabrous; peduncles 1-flowered, bear-
ing each 4 bracteas : fruit glabrous. — Native of Peru, on the
646
RUBIACE#;. CCXV. Rubia.
high mountains of Tarma, at Bombom. Galium corymbbsum,
Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 59. The roots dye a red colour.
Corymbose-^ owered Madder. PI. creeping.
* * Berries hairy or scabrous. Leaves 1 -nerved.
35 R. hypoca'rpia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 591.) stems tetragonal,
hispid from long villi along the angles ; leaves oval-oblong, hairy
on both surfaces; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, hardly shorter
than the leaves ; bracteas oblong, rather hairy ; flower as well
as the fruit almost sessile within the involucrum ; berries rather
hairy. — Native of Jamaica. P. Browne, jam. p. 141. Valantia
hypocarpia, Lin. spec. 1491. Swartz, obs. p. 385. R. Brovvnei,
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 397. Berries blackish.
Under-fruited Madder. PI. straggling.
36 R. Re'lbun (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 229.)
the whole plant is scabrous, and clothed with short pili ; stems
acutely tetragonal ; leaves obovate-elliptic, obtuse, mucronate,
rather membranous, with ciliated margins, scabrous from hairs
on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, opposite or
verticillate ; bracteas broad-lanceolate ; flower sessile ; berry
sessile, globose, rather pilose. %. F. Native of Chili, Brazil,
and Caraccas. Poep. pi. exsic. chil. no. 705. Feuill. obs. 3. p.
60. t. 45. R. Chilensis, Willd. spec. 1. p. 604. but not of
Mol. The plant is called Relbun in Chili, as well as other
species ; and the roots are red, and used for dyeing like the
common madder.
Relbun Madder. PI. straggling.
37 R. Richardia'na (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Am. in bot.
misc. 3. p. 362.) plant glabrous, scabrous, shining ; stems erect-
ish, teretely quadrangular ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-oblong,
acute, 1 -nerved, one-half shorter than the internodes ; peduncles
opposite or in whorles, equal in length to the leaves, bearing 4
bracteas and 3 flowers at the apex ; fruit tubercular in the im-
mature state. — Andes of Mendoza.
Richardson’ s Rubia. PI. straggling.
38 R. H^nkea'na (Gill. mss. ex Hook. bot. misc. 3. p.
363.) plant hairy, hoary ; stems procumbent, terete ; leaves 4 in
a whorl, linear, acute, deflexed, one-nerved, broader at the base ;
peduncles in whorles much longer than the leaves, bearing 3
flowers and 4 bracteas at the apex ; fruit tubercular, scabrous.
%. F. Native of Chili, about Mendoza.
Hcenke’s Rubia. PI. procumbent.
39 R. pusi'lla (Gill. mss. ex Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3.
p. 363.) plant tufted, glabrous, branched, shining ; stems smooth,
terete, furrowed ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-linear, mucronate,
with smoothish margins ; peduncles equal in length to the leaves,
bearing 3 flowers and 3 bracteas at the apex; fruit minutely tu-
bercular when immature. F. Native of Chili, in the pro-
vince of San Louis. This has quite the appearance of some
states of Galium pumilum.
Small Rubia. PI. straggling.
40 R. Orinoce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
239.) stems tetragonal, glabrous, scabrous on the angles; branches
pilose ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, acute, pilose, one-half
shorter than the internodes ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, soli-
tary ; flower almost sessile, within the involucrum ; berries
pilose. 7/ . F. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, in hot
places, and of the south of Brazil, ex Cham, et Schlecht. in
Linnaea. 4. p. 228. R. Brownei, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 397. Ga-
lium pauciflorum, Willd. herb.
Orinoco Madder. PI. straggling.
41 R. mucrona'ta (Hook, et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 363.)
stems prostrate, glabrous, terete, 4-furrowed, branched ; leaves 4
in a whorl, linear-oblong, glabrous, shining, with revolute edges,
3 times shorter than the internodes ; common peduncles axillary,
longer than the leaves; flowers cymose. It- F. Native of
Chili, about Conception and Tarma ; and of Peru, in arid places.
Galium leucocarpum, D. C. prod. 4. p. 612. Galium Tar-
mense, Spreng. syst. p. 27. G. mucronatum. Ruiz et Pav. fl.
per. 1. p. 66. G. apiculbtum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 222.
Fruit milk coloured.
Mucronate Madder. PI. prostrate.
42 R. inca'na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 338.)
stems tetragonal, hoary from villi ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate,
short-acuminated, mucronate, with revolute margins, which are
as well as the middle nerve hispid from pili ; peduncles axillary,
1 -flowered, length of leaves ; flower sessile, within the involu-
crum ; berries rather pilose. 7/ . F. Native on the Andes about
Quindiu, near El Moral. Corolla rather hairy outside.
Hoary Madder. PI. straggling.
43 R. hi'rta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 338.)
stems tetragonal, hairy ; leaves 4 in a whorl, on short petioles,
oblong, acute, mucronate, hairy ; peduncles axillary, opposite,
1 -flowered, hardly shorter than the leaves ; flower sessile, within
the involucrum ; berries scabrous. 7/ . F. Native near the
town of Quito.
Hairy Madder. PI. straggling.
* * * Leaves 3 -nerved. Berries glabrous.
44 R. noxia (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 229.) stems tetra-
gonal, beset with retrograde bristles along the angles below, and
hairy at top; leaves sessile, elliptic, obtuse, ending in a very short
point, 3-nerved, membranous, rather pellucid, scabrous from pili
above, and on the nerves beneath ; peduncles axillary, solitary,
1 -flowered, pilose ; bracteas 4, ovate ; berries glabrous. — Native
of Brazil, in woods in the province of Minas Geraes. Corollas
greenish, hardly pilose. Flowers either sessile or pedicellate
within the involucrum. Berries white.
Hurtful Madder. PI. straggling.
45 R. a'spera (Polil, inlitt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 592.) stems
tetragonal, glabrous, scabrous along the angles from retrograde
bristles ; leaves sessile, ovate, mucronulate, membranous, 3-
nerved, rather scabrous along the margins and nerves, especially
beneath, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, tetragonal, rather longer
than the leaves; bracteas oval, glabrous ; berries glabrous, ses-
sile, within the involucrum. 7/. F. Native of Brazil, where it
was collected by Pohl. Nodi of stems scabrous from short
crowded hairs. Bracteas greenish-yellow. Berries blackish.
Rough Madder. PI. straggling.
46 R. diffu'sa (Pohl, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 592.) stems
tetragonal, hispid ; leaves sessile, oval, acute, membranous, 3-
nerved, hispid along the margins and nerves, especially beneath ;
peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; bracteas
4, ovate, acute, rather hispid ; berry glabrous, sessile within the
involucrum. 7/ . F. Native of Brazil, where it was collected
by Pohl. Upper leaves smoothish. Peduncles 5-6 lines long.
Berries blackish.
Diffuse Madder. PI. straggling.
§ 3. Galioidece (this section contains plants having the habit
of species of Galium). D. C. prod. 4. p. 492. American species
with telrandrous flowers, which are disposed in dichotomous
cymes, never girded by any involucra.
47 R. equisetoides (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
232.) branches compressedly tetragonal, scabrous from retro-
grade bristles ; leaves small, erectly adpressed, somewhat trian-
gular, acute ; cymes divaricate, dichotomous or trichotomous ;
flowers sessile in the forks ; bracteas 4, under the branches ;
berries glabrous. 7/ . F. Native of the south of Brazil.
Horse-tail-like Madder. PI. straggling.
48 R. ephedroides (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p.
231.) glabrous; stem nearly terete; branches acutely tetragonal,
roughish ; leaves narrow-elliptic or linear, acute, smooth ; cymes
1
RUBIACEdE. CCXV. Rubia. CCXVI. Galium.
647
dichotomous or trichotomous ; bracteas conforming to the leaves
under the branches ; flowers pedicellate ; berries glabrous. 2£.
F. Native of Brazil. Leaves deciduous, smooth.
Ephedra like Madder. PI. straggling.
49 R. sca'bra (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 340.)
stems tetragonal, beset with retrograde prickles along the
angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, and the upper ones 4 in a whorl,
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acutish, witli rather revolute and ser-
rulated edges, 3 times shorter than the internodes ; peduncles
terminal, usually by threes ; bracteas 1-3 ; berries glabrous. ©.
H. Native of the Andes about Quindiu, between Carthage and
lbague. Perhaps a species of Galium nearly allied to G.
Claytdni.
Scabrous Madder. PI. straggling.
50 R. de'bilis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 340.)
stems tetragonal, beset with retrograde prickles along the angles ;
leaves oblong, acute, mucronate, flat, having the margins and
keel beset with retrograde prickles ; peduncles 2-3 together,
terminal, 1 -flowered, naked ; berries glabrous. 1/ . F. Native
of Quito, in high places near Chillo and Ichubamba. Perhaps a
species of Galium nearly allied to G. ciliatum. Mature fruit
unknown.
Weak Madder. PI. trailing.
Cult. The species will grow in any common soil, and are all
easily increased by dividing at the root or by seeds. Those
species natives of warm climates require to be placed in the
green-house in winter.
CCXVI. GA'LIUM (from ya\a, gala, milk; some species
are used for curdling milk). Scop. earn. ed. 2. vol. 1 . p. 94.
D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 248. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
481. D. C. prod. 4. p. 593. — Galium and Valantia species, Lin.
— Galium, Aparine, and A'spera, Moencli. meth. — Galium, Eyse-
lia, Aparine, Neck. elem. no. 332. 333. and 335. — Galium and
Aparine, Tourn. inst. t. 39. Moench. meth. 484. and 640. —
Galium species, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 133.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Digynia. Calyx with an ovate-glo-
bose or oblong tube, and hardly any limb. Corolla 4-parted (f.
111. b.), rotate, rarely 3-parted. Stamens 4, short (f. 111. c.).
Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, roundish, rarely oblong, dry,
composed of 2 indebiscent 1 -seeded mericarps. — Branched herbs.
Leaves forming whorles along with the stipulas. Inflorescence
variable.
Sect. I. Euga'lium. Perennial plants.
§ 1. Leiogalia (from \eiog, leios, smooth, and galium ; in re-
ference to the smooth fruit of the species). Perennial plants.
Leaves 6 to 10 in a whorl, rarely only 4-5. Flowers disposed in
cymose panicles, hermaphrodite, white. Fruit glabrous.
1 G. sylva'ticum (Lin. spec. p. 155.) stems erect, smooth,
terete, much branched ; leaves 8 in a whorl, elliptic, obtuse,
mucronate, smooth, scabrous beneath, and rather glaucous ;
floral leaves opposite ; peduncles capillary, disposed in a termi-
nal panicle; lobes of corolla obtuse; fruit glabrous. 1£. H.
Native throughout Europe (Britain and Sicily excepted), in
woods. D.C. fl. fr. no. 3356. — Bauh. hist. 3. pt. 2. p. 716. f. 4.
Flowers white.
Var. fi, pubescens (D. C. fl. fr. vol. 4. p. 248.) stem, branches,
and nerves on the under side of leaves downy. 1/ . H. Native
of Moguntia and elsewhere.
Wood Bed-straw. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1658. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
2 G.'linifolium (Lam. diet. 2. p. 578.) stems erect, terete,
smooth ; leaves 4-8 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear, acuminated,
quite glabrous, membranous, glaucous beneath, with smoothish
margins ; peduncles capillary, panicled ; lobes of corolla acute ;
fruit glabrous, smooth. H. Native of Dauphiny, Provence,
Italy, &c. in shady places as in woods. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 252.
G. ktro-virens. Lapeyr. abr. ex Benth. G. laevigatum, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 229. Leaves rather rough at the tops from a very
few bristles or prickles. Flowers white.
Far. /3, serrulatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 593.) leaves membra-
nous, serrulated by prickles round tbe margins. 1/ . H. Native
about Naples, where it was collected by Passy.
Var. y? rigidulum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 593.) leaves stiffish,
subserrated round the margin. 7/.H. Native of the Pyrenees
and Corsica, &c. G. aristatum, Gaud. fl. helv. and perhaps of
Lin. G. glaucum, Sut. fl. helv.? G. intermedium, Schultes,
obs. bot. no. 153.? G. sylvaticum, Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 219. G.
glaucum, Oed. fl. dan. t. 609. G. mutabile, Bess. cont. fl. Volh.
no. 1336. is probably referrible to this. Perhaps a proper species.
Flax-leaved Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 1
to 2 feet, var. y, 3 to 4 feet.
3 G. Pascha'le (Forsk. descrip, p. 203.) stems weak, gla-
brous, smooth ; leaves 8-9 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, with sca-
brous margins, glabrous, mucronate ; peduncles axillary, oppo-
site, twice longer than the leaves, trichotomous at the apex ;
fruit glabrous, minute. If . H. Native about Constantinople.
G. Hierosolymitanum is probably not distinct from this, ex
Vahl, symb. 2. p. 29. but that plant is joined to G. Irene by
Schrader, and to G. sedbrum by Persoon. Flowers white.
Paschale Bed-straw. PI. 1^. foot.
4 G. incu'rvum (Sibth and Smith, fl. graec. t. 132.) stems
panicled ; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, awned, in-
curved; lobes of corolla obtuse, awnless; fruit glabrous.
H. Native of Crete, on the sphaceotic mountains. Flowers
yellow. — Perhaps the same as G. incurvum, D’Urv. enum. p. 15.
which was collected on rocky hills in the island of Samos. Stem
often pubescent. Peduncles axillary and terminal, trichotomous.
Incurved Bed-straw. PI.
5 G. subtri'fidum (Reinw. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 944.) stems
twiggy, obversely scabrous ; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, short,
narrow, linear-spatulate, acutish, rather scabrous ; peduncles
terminal, few-flowered. 7/. F. Native of Java, on the moun-
tains. Said to be nearly allied to G. spaluldtum and G. piimilum.
Subtrifid Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot ?
6 G. apicula'tum (Sibth et Smith, fl. graec. t. 129.) stems
hoary ; leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate, rather scabrous ; pedun-
cles trichotomous, leafy ; lobes of corolla apiculated ; fruit gla-
brous. 11 . H. Native of Mounts Parnassus and Athos. Roem. et
Schultes, syst. p. 229. but not p. 222. Flowers greenish-purple.
Peduncles axillary and terminal, forming a leafy panicled raceme.
Apiculctted-ft owered Bed-straw. PI. to 1 foot.
7 G. inca'num (Sibth et Smith,
fl. graec. t. 130.) leaves 6 in a
whorl, linear, and are as well as
the stems hoary ; peduncles 3-
flowered ; lobes of corolla awn-
ed ; fruit glabrous. %. H. Na-
tive on Mount Parnassus.
Flowers white, (f. 111.)
Hoary Bed-straw. PI. tufted,
^ to ^ foot.
8 G. obu'quum (Vill. dauph.
2. p. 324. t. 8.) stems ascending,
tetragonal, villous at the bot-
tom ; leaves 8 in a whorl : lower
ones obovate, villous : upper
ones linear-lanceolate, glabrous ;
peduncles twice trifid, glabrous ;
lobes of corolla ending in a setaceous acumen each ; fruit gla-
brous. l/.H. Native of Dauphiny, Piedmont, Etruria, and Aus-
tria, in rugged places, and in hedges among the mountains. G.
mucronittum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 581. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 258.
Flowers white. Habit of G. Bocconi, but differs in the lobes of
the corolla ending in a setaceous point.
FIG. 111.
648
RUBIACEjE. CCXVI. Galium.
Oblique Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot, ascending.
9 G. pusi'llum (Lin. spec. 154. Smith, engl. bot. 74.) stems
diffuse, ascending or decumbent, smooth, glabrous ; leaves 8 in a
whorl, linear-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, glabrous : lower ones
almost obovate ; umbels terminal, trichotomous ; lobes of corolla
acute, not awned ; fruit glabrous. 2 / . H. Native of Europe,
in dry pastures and in hedges frequent. In Britain on limestone
hills near Kendal ; about Matlock bath, Derbyshire ; in Scot-
land ; and in Ireland, near the lake of Killarney. D. C. fl. fr.
no. 3366. var. a. This is a very variable plant, and to it belong
G. Austriacum, Jacq. fl. austr. t. 80. G. lae've, Thuill. fl. par.
ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 77. G. sylvestre vulgatum, Gaudin, fl. helv.
1. p. 248. G. glabrum, Sut. fl. helv. p. 90. G. papillosum,
Lapeyr. abr. p. 66. G. pallens, Thuill. fl. par. G. umbellatum a,
Lam. diet. 2. p. 579. and G. multicaule oxyphyllum, Wallr.
sched. p. 53. Flowers white. Plants forming tufts. Lower
leaves and stems sometimes slightly hairy.
Small Bed-straw. Fl. June, Aug. England. PI. to 1 ft.
10 G. alpe'stre (Gaud, in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 225.)
plant tufted, glabrous, ascending, erectish, stiff ; stems smooth,
glabrous ; leaves 8 in a whorl, obversely lanceolate, with smooth-
ish margins ; umbels trichotomous, fastigiate ; lobes of corolla
acute, not awned ; fruit smooth, glabrous. %. H. Native of
France, Switzerland, Germany, Carniola, and Upper Italy, among
the mountains and alps. G. lae've var. a, (3, and y, D. C. fl. fr.
4. p 256. G. sylvestre alpestre, Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 429. G.
anisophyllum, pusillum, montanum, and argenteum, Vill. dauph.
2. p. 318-324. t. 78. G. lae've, Schleich. G. Jussiae'i, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 323. t. 7. Flowers white. There are varieties of
this species with stems from a finger to a hand high, quite gla-
brous or rather hairy. It is intermediate between G. lce've , G.
Bocconi, and G. supinum, which probably should be all combined
under one name.
/lip Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. A foot.
1 1 G. Bocconi (All. ped. no. 24.) stems ascending, tetra-
gonal, downy below ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, obversely lanceo-
late, smoothish, mucronate : lower ones broadest and downy;
umbels trichotomous ; lobes of corolla acute, not awned ; fruit
glabrous, smooth. 21 . H. Native of France, Italy, Ger-
many, in dry sterile places, and in hedges. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3367.
G. sylvestre Bocconi, Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 430. G. sylvestre
hirsutum, Mert. et Koch, deutsch. fl. G. umbellatum, (3, Lam.
G. scabrum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 127. Schleich. exsic. G. syl-
vestre, Poll. no. 151. G. nitidulum, Thuill. fl. par. 1. p. 86.
G. asperum, Schreb. spic. p. 5. G. hirsutum, Sut. fl. helv. G.
Marchandi, Lapeyr. abr. p. 25. G. Jussiae'i, Lapeyr. ex Ar-
nott. G. multicaule eriophyllum, Wallr. sched. p. 54. — Bocc.
mus. t. 101. Barrel, icon. t. 57. Flowers white, tinged with
red outside. Probably only a variety of G. lce've.
Bocconi's Bed-straw. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 foot,
ascending.
12 G. pumilum (Lam. diet. 2. p. 580. ill. no. 1368. t. 60.
f. 2.) plant tufted ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear, smooth, bisul-
cate beneath, very acute, tumid at the base ; flowers almost
terminal, subumbellate ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; fruit
glabrous. Uf. H. Native of the Pyrenees, in rugged places,
&c. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3374. Req. diss. mss. G. trichophyllum,
All. ped. auct. p. 1. Flowers white. Lobes of the corolla
obtuse.
Var. a, lnjpnoides (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 323.) plant tufted, erect-
ish ; peduncles 2-3-flowered. %. H. Native of Dauphiny,
frequent on the mountains.
Var. [3, ccespitosum (Req. diss. mss.) stems decumbent, much
branched; pedicels 1 -flowered. "If.. H. Native of the Pyre-
nees, in high pastures. G. caespitosum, Ramond, act. acad. sc.
par. 1826. p. 155. Lam. ill. no. 1369.? G. Jussiae'i, Vill. ex
Gaud, in litt.
Var. y, rectum (Req. diss. mss.) stems erectish, branched
above; peduncles divided, 2-4-flowered. 1?. H. Native of
Provence, &c. among rocks.
Var. b, pubescens (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 496.) stems tufted,
erectish, and are, as well as the leaves, downy. 21 . H. Native
of Provence, in exposed, rocky places. G. pubescens, Req. in
litt. 1813. G. pusillum, Lin. spec. 154. G. pumilum hirtel-
lum, Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 433.
Dwarf Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. tufted.
13 G. littora'le (Guss. fl. sic. prod. 1. p. 172.) stems stiff,
tetragonal ; branches approximate ; leaves usually 8 in a whorl,
oblong-lanceolate, dilated at the apex, mucronate, a little ser-
rated on the margin, spreading or reflexed ; branches of panicle
trichotomous, erect ; corolla downy outside, with ovate-lanceo-
late, awned lobes. If.. H. Native of Sicily, in sandy, bushy
places by the sea side. Flowers white. Nearly allied to G.
Mollugo and G. apiculatum.
Var. (3, pubescens (Guss. 1. c.) stems and peduncles downy or
villous at top.
Sea-shore Bed-straw. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
14 G. supinum (Lam. diet. 2. p. 579.) stems procumbent,
filiform, branched, smooth ; leaves 5 in a whorl, obovate-linear,
with prickly or scabrous edges ; umbels trichotomous ; lobes of
corolla awnless ; fruit glabrous. 2f. II. Native of the tem-
perate parts of Europe, in hedges. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3372. Req.
diss. mss. G. sylvestre pumilum, Mert. et Koch, deutsch. fl. I.
p. 789. Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 431. G. Jussice'i, Vill. dauph. 2.
p. 323. ? G. multicaule polyphyllum, Wallr. sched. p. 59. Juss.
act. acad. par. 1714. p. 378. t. 15. f. 2. but the plant, in Jussieu’s
herbarium, has the margins of the leaves smooth and revolute.
Flowers white.
Supine Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. proc.
15 G. Tvrole'nse (Willd. enum. 1. p. 153.) stems flaccid,
tetragonal, equal, smooth ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, obovate-lan-
ceolate, mucronate, with scabrous margins ; floriferous branches
pamcled ; peduncles trifid ; lobes of corolla awned ; fruit
smooth, glabrous. 1/. H. Native about Tyrol, on the moun-
tains, &c. Req. diss. mss. G. splendens, Horn, suppl. 17.?
G. Mollugo, var. Link. Flowers white. Probably a mere
variety of G. Mullugo.
Tyrolese Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 to2ft.
16 G. cine'reum (All. ped. no. 22. t. 77. f. 4.) stems erect,
woody at the base, much branched, panicled at top, tetragonal
and smooth ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear, glaucous beneath,
stiff, mucronate, with hardly scabrous margins, usually re-
flexed ; branches of panicle trichotomous ; lobes of corolla
ending in a setaceous mucrone each : fruit glabrous, smooth.
21. H. Native of the south of France, in exposed places; and
Upper Italy and Vallais. In the lowlands of Scotland, on the
banks of the river Leith near Slateford, 3 miles from Edinburgh.
D. C. fl. fr. no. 3364. G. diffusum, Hook. scot. p. 52. Bristles
on the edges of the leaves pointing forward. Flowers white.
J ar. (3, tenuifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 595.) leaves linear, and
stiffer than those of the species. H. Native of Piedmont
and Dauphiny. G. tenuifolium, All. ped. no. 23. D. C. fl fr.
no. 3365. G. corrudaefolium. Vill. dauph. 2. p. 320. G. pal-
lidum, Presl. fl. sic. pr. 60.
Var. y, pubescens (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3364.) lower part of the
stems and lower leaves downy. H. Native of dry, exposed
places.
Grey Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Scotland. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
17 G. Hyrca'nicum (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 53.) plant glauces-
cent, downy ; stems erectish, branched a little, tetragonal,
smooth ; leaves 6 in a whorl, nearly linear, mucronately acumi-
nated, 1 -nerved, smooth; umbels trichotomous, terminal; co-
rolla glabrous, having the lobes terminated by a deciduous,
indexed point ; fructiferous pedicels erectly spreading, hardly
RUBIACEiE.
CCXVI. Galium.
640
twice the length of the fruit. 7/. H. Native of Caucasus,
among rocks, and in stony, dry places, on the Talusch mountains.
Hyrcanian Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot.
18 G. ere'ctum (Huds. angl. p. 68. Smith, engl. bot. 2067.)
stems erect, branched at the top, tetragonal, smooth, equal ;
leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, stiff, having
the margins serrulated with prickles ; panicles trichotomous,
lobes of corolla acuminated ; fruit glabrous, smooth. 7/. H.
Native of Europe, in hedges and pastures. In England, on the
bushy part of Heydon Common ; and in dry hedges at Port-Slade.
D. C. fl. fr. no. 3362. Req. diss. mss. G. provincialis, Lam. diet.
2. p. 581. Stem slightly hairy under each joint. Marginal bristles
of leaves pointing forwards. Flowers white. Perhaps a mere
variety of G. Molliigo.
Far. (3, lucidum (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of corolla setaceously
acuminated. If. H. Native of hills in Piedmont and Dauphiny.
G. lucidum, All. ped. no. 21. t. 77. f. 2. G. rfgidum, Vill.
dauph. 2. p. 319.
Far. y, sedbridum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 596.) lower part of
stem and lower leaves clothed with scabrous pubescence. If.
H. Native of Switzerland and Austria, on dry hills. G. pu-
bescens, Schleich. exsic. G. scabrum, Jacq. fl. aust. t. 422.
G. lucidum, (3, Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 419.
Far. 2. t. 7. Flowers greenish.
Divaricate Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. -j ft.
113 G. tenui ssimum (Bieb. fl taur. 1. p. 104.) stems w7eak,
ascending, much branched, rather scabrous along the angles ;
leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear, acute, scabrous, hispid ; peduncles
axillary and terminal, trichotomous, divaricate ; pedicels length
of peduncles ; fruit glabrous. ©. H. Native of Tauria, Cau-
casus, Iberia, in uncultivated and sterile places. G. purpureum,
Pall. ind. taur. but not of Lin. Flowers small, greenish-white.
Very nearly allied to G. divaricatum, arid probably only a variety
of it according to Steven, but differs in the pedicels being 3 or 4
times longer.
Most-slender Bed- straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pi.-jft.
1 14 G. A'nglicum (Huds. fl. angl. p. 69.) stems decumbent,
much branched, rather scabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl, linear-
lanceolate, mucronate, with scabrous edges ; peduncles 2-3-
cleft, a little longer than the leaves, axillary, disposed in a kind
of panicle; fruit glabrous, granular. ©. H. Native of Eng-
land, on walls and in sandy places ; north and middle of France,
palatinate of the Rhine, Vallais, Sicily, and Caucasus. Smith, fl.
brit. 1. p. 179. D. C. fl. fr. 3369. Smith, engl. bot. 384. G.
Parisiense, Lam. diet. 2 p. 584. G. Parisiense p, Bertol. dec.
3. p. 15. G. rubrum, Poll. pal. no. 156, exclusive of the syn.
G. gracile, Wallr. sched. p. 57. Presl, fl. sic. prod. p. 60. ex
Guss. prod. p. 173. Ray. syn. t. 9. f. 1. Corollas of a greenish
cream-colour, almost white, small. It differs from G. litigidsum
in the fruit being glabrous, and from G. divaricatum in the pe-
duncles being shorter.
Var. (i, parvifolium (Gaud. fl. lielv. 1. p. 439.) stems erect,
short; floriferous branches short ; fruit granular. ©. H. Na-
tive in fields about Geneva. G. parvifolium, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 3. p. 246.
English Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Wales. PI. decumbent.
115 G. apri'cum (Sibth et Smith, fl. graec. t. 126.) stems
pilose, diffuse ; leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate, uniform, with sca-
brous edges; peduncles trifid, leafless ; fruit glabrous. ©. H.
Native of Candia and other islands in the archipelago, frequent.
Peduncles 3-flowered ; middle flower hermaphrodite and quad-
rifid ; lateral ones male and trifid. Certainly a species of Vail-
lanlia.
Sunny Bed-straw7. PI. diffuse.
116 G. Gaudiciiau'di (D. C. prod. 4. p. 607.) stems weak,
decumbent, tetragonal, rather hispid ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ob-
4 P
658
RUBIACEAL CCXVI. Galium.
long-linear, with hairy revolute edges ; floriferous branches
short, axillary, few-flowered ; lobes of corolla hardly acutish ;
fruit glabrous. — Native of New Holland, at Port Jackson, where
it was collected hy Gaudichaud. Stems 8-10 inches long. Leaves
2-3 lines long, shorter than the internodes. Flowers white.
Gaudichaud' s Bed-straw. PI. decumbent.
§ 12. Euaparines (from eu, well, and aparine, cleavers ; the
section is supposed to contain the true kinds of cleavers). D. C.
prod. 4. p. 607. Plants annual. Stems scabrous. Leaves 4-8
in a whorl. Inflorescence axillary. Flowers usually hermaphro-
dite. Fruit granular or hispid, didymously globose.
117 G. sacchara'tum (All. pedem. no. 39.) stems weak,
branched, with retrograde roughness along the angles ; leaves
6 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, scabrous from prickles along
the margins ; prickles not retrograde; pedunclesaxillary, 3-4-
flowered, recurved when bearing the fruit, and length of
leaves ; fruit didymosely globose, warted. ©. H. Native of
Europe, in corn fields ; Scotland, in the Carse of Gowrie, and
near Forfar ; and near Malton, in Yorkshire. D. C. fl. fr.
ed. 3. no. 3379. Wallr. ann. bot. 24. Req. diss. mss. G. ver-
rucosum, Smith, in engl. bot. t. 2173. fl. grasc. t. 133. Va-
lantia saccharata, Gmel. fl. bad. 3. p. 781. Valantia aparine,
Lin. spec. 1491. Schrad. spic. 55. t. 1. f. 3. V. aparine a, Lam.
fl. fr. 3. p. 383. Aparine verrucosa, Mcench. meth. p. 640. —
Vaill. bot. t. 4. f. 3. b. Perhaps G. granulatum,Rcem. et Schultes,
syst. 3. p. 249. or Valantia granularis, Spreng. in Schrad. journ.
1800. 2. p. 200. Peduncles 3-flowered, lateral ones male, and
middle one hermaphrodite.
Sugary Cleavers or Goosegrass. Fl. Ju. Aug. Britain. PI. dif.
118 G. trico'rne (With. brit. ed. 2. p. 153.) stems weak,
simple, rough fiom retrograde prickles along the angles; leaves
8 in a whorl, lanceolate, scabrous from retrograde prickles along
the margins and keel ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, recurved
when in fruit, not exceeding the leaves ; fruit didymously glo-
bose, granular. ©.FI. Native throughout the whole of Eu-
rope, in corn-fields ; also of Caucasus ; in many parts of England,
in chalky fields, but not common. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no.
3378. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1641. Wallr. ann. bot. t. 23. Req.
diss. mss. G. spurium, Huds. angl. p. 68. G. Valantia, Wigg.
prim. p. 12. Valantia triflora, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 384. exclusive
of the synonymes. Valantia aparine, Mart. fl. rust. 1. t. 122.
Valantia tricornis, Roth, neti. beytr. 1. p. 142. — Vaill. bot. t.
4. f. 3. a, a. Flowers greenish-white.
Three-horned Goosegrass. Fl. Ju. Aug. Britain. Pl.^ to 1 ft.
119 G. sfu'rium (Lin. spec. p. 154.) stems decumbent, sca-
brous from retrograde prickles along the angles, but glabrous at
the knees ; leaves 6-9 in a whorl, lanceolate, mucronate, keeled,
scabrous from retrograde prickles along the keel and edges ;
peduncles many-flowered, hardly recurved, while in the fruit
longer than the leaves; fruit glabrous, smooth. ©. H. Native
of Europe and Siberia, in fields and all cultivated ground ; in
Scotland, in corn-fields about Forfar, but rare. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3.
no. 3377. Smith, eng. bot. t. 1871. G. agreste leiospermnm,
Wallr. sched. p 59. G. hispidum, HofFm. germ. l.p. 74. G.
adhae'rens, Jacq. hort. vind. ex Jan. herb. G. aparine var.
Spreng. Flowers green. Perhaps two species are confused
under this name, differing much in the size of the fruit.
Spurious Goosegrass. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. decumb.
120 G scabe'rrimum (Valil, in Horn. hort. liafn. 1. p. 135.)
stem angular, scabrous from retrograde prickles ; leaves 8 in a
whorl, linear, spreadingly reflexed, longer than the internodes,
mucronate, very scabrous above, and scabrous from prickles
along the keel and margins ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered,
subcorymbose ; fruit globose, didymous, hispid from bristles,
which are hooked at the apex. ©. H. Native of Egypt. G.
hispidum, Willd. enum. hort. berol. 1. p. 150. Corollas yel-
lowish. Stem simple.
Very-rough G oosegrass. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1821. PI. L foot.
121 G. Aparine (Lin. spec. p. 157.) stems weak, branched,
rough from retrograde prickles, villous at the nodi; leaves 8 in a
whorl, lanceolate-linear, apiculated, scabrous from retrograde
prickles along the margins and keel ; peduncles simple and bifid,
scabrous ; fruit didymously globose, very hispid from bristles,
that are hooked at top. ©. H. Native throughout the whole
of Europe, north of Asia, and North America, in hedges, fields,
and in most cultivated places ; plentiful in Britain. Oed. fl. dan.
t. 495. Smith, engl. bot. t. 816. Bull. herb. fr. t. 215. Heyne,
term. bot. t. 13. f. 6. Mart. fl. rust. t. 104. Woodv. med. bot.
suppl. 269. Valantia Aparine /3, Lam.fl. fr. 3. p. 383. Aparine
hispida, Mcench. meth. p. 640. Rhbia tinctorum, Lapeyr. ex
Benth. Aparine, Dod. pempt. 353. Petiv.brit. t. 30. f. 1 1. Flowers
small, pale buff-coloured. Fruit rather large. Stems climbing.
The well known property of this plant of adhering to whatever it
comes in contact with, acquired it the names of Cleavers or
Clivers, and Catchweed or Scratchweed ; and from being a
favourite food or medicine of geese, Goosegrass, Gooseshare, and
Goslingweed. The stalks, according to Linneeus, are used in
Sweden as a fibre to strain milk through. Dioscorides relates
that the shepherds made the same use of it in his time. It is
reckoned to purify the blood, and for that purpose the tops are
an ingredient in spring broth. The expressed juice of the herb
taken to the amount of 4 ounces or a quarter of a pint night and
morning, during several weeks, is very efficacious in removing
many cutaneous disorders. It has been most celebrated in
scrofulous and cancerous sores, but the experiments made has
not turned out in its favour. The seeds are a good substitute
for coffee. The roots, like most of the genus, will dye red, and
eaten by birds have tinged their bones of that colour.
Var. (3, minor (Req. diss. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 608.) stem
dwarf; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, and smaller. ©. H. Native
of the island of St. Lucia, near Narbonne.
Common Cleavers or Goosegrass. Fl. May, Aug. Britain.
PI. climbing.
122 G. Vailla'ntii (D. C. fl. fr. 1805. no. 8381.) stems
weak, nearly simple, glabrous at the nodi, but scabrous from re-
trograde prickles along the angles ; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear,
having the keel and margins scabrous from retrograde
prickles ; peduncles simple or bifid ; fruit globosely didy-
mous, rather hispid from a few bristles, which are hooked at
their tops. ©. H. Native of Europe, in cultivated fields;
plentiful in some parts of Britain. G. infestum, Waldst. et Kit.
pi. rar. hung. 3. p. 202. (1808) Bess. gall. 121. G. agreste
echinospermum, Wallr. sched. p. 59. G. Aparine (i , Lam.
Flowers small, yellowish. Fruit about half the size of those of
G. aparine, and not so hispid.
Vaillant's Goosegrass. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. 2
to 3 feet.
123 G. aparinoides (Forsk. descrip, p. 30.) stems weak,
prickly along the angles, but the prickles are not retrograde as
in most of the species, but lean forward, and the knees or joints
are equal and glabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong, scabrous
from retrograde prickles along the margins and keel ; peduncles
3 from the top of each branch, bifid ; fruit hispid from bristles,
which are hooked at the tops. ©. H. Native of Arabia, in
shady places. Valil, symb. 2. p. 30. Flowers white, fruit
like that of G. aparine.
Cleavers' -like Goose-grass. PI. procumbent.
124 G. fauciflorum (Bunge, 1. c.) annual ; stems weak, gla-
brous, tetragonal, scabrous from retrograde prickles along the
angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, spatulately oblong, attenuated at
the base, cuspidate by a spine, hispid above, and glabrous be-
RUBIACEAL CCXVI. Galium.
659
neatli, with scabrous margins ; peduncles axillary, a little longer
than the leaves, bracteate, 1-2-flowered ; corollas very minute,
obtuse; fruit didymous, very hispid from hooked bristles. %.
G. Native of China, in humid places, near Ssi-jui-ssy.
Few-flowered Goose-grass. PI. decumbent.
125 G. austra'le (D. C. prod. 4. p. 608.) stems weak, pro-
cumbent, branched, tetragonal, pilose, on one side ; leaves 4 in
a whorl, oblong, mucronately acute, rather pilose, with sub-
revolute edges ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, hardly longer
than the leaves; fruit very hispid from bristles. — Native of New
Holland, at Bass Straits, where it was collected by D’Urville.
Said to be nearly allied to G. recurvum, but differs in the pedi-
cels not being recurved, and in the fruit being twice the
size.
Southern Goose-grass. PI. procumbent.
126 G. gra'cile (Bunge, in mem. acad. sc. Petersb. 2. p,
109.) stem simple, erect, quite glabrous, shining, tetragonal;
leaves 4 in a whorl : low er ones obovate, middle ones elliptic, supe-
rior ones oblong, 1 -nerved, scabrous from dots, hispid on the
margins ; panicles axillary, dichotomous, very slender, exceed-
ing the leaves ; corollas very minute, obtuse ; fruit hispid from
hooked bristles. %. G. Native of China, on mountains, near
Lun-zuan-ssy.
Slender Goose-grass. PI. | foot.
127 G. te'nerum (Schleich. ex Gaud. fl. helv. 4. p. 442.)
stems filiform, glabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl, obovate, seta-
ceously apiculated, scabrous from retrograde prickles on the
margins; peduncles by threes, trifid, spreading; fruit hispid.
©. H. Native of the Alps of Switzerland. Corollas small,
white.
Tender Goose-grass. PI. procumbent.
128 G. litigiosum (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3382. icon. rar. t. 26.)
stems decumbent, branched, rather scabrous ; leaves 4-6 in a
whorl, linear-lanceolate, acute, shorter than the internodes,
rather scabrous ; peduncles elongated, divaricate, bifid or trifid ;
fruit nearly globose, hispid at top from somewdiat hooked hairs.
©. H. Native of the south of France, Italy, Sicily, in rough
stony places, and probably about Paris, but very doubtful. G.
Parisiense, Lin. spec. p. 157. exclusive of the synonymes. G.
multiflorum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 251. G. axillare, Presl. prod. fl.
sic. p. 61. ex Guss. Flowers small, reddish. This species differs
from G. An'glicum and G. gracile in the fruit being hispid.
Var. (i, ndnum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 609.) stems short, erect.
©. H. Native of Europe, in very sterile places. D. C. icon,
rar. t. 26. right-hand figure.
Litigious Goose-grass. Fl. June, July. PI. decumbent.
129 G. microspe'rmum (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 130.) stems erect,
tetragonal, glabrous, rough ; branches divaricate ; leaves 6 in a
whorl, linear-acute, denticulated ; fruit hispid. ©. H. Native
of Barbary, near Mascar ; and of Sardinia. Asperula scabra,
Moris, elench. sard. 2. p. 4. and 3. p. 8. Flowers small, white.
Very nearly allied to G. divaricatum, Lam., and is perhaps only
a variety of it, with hispid fruit. According to Steven, obs.
ined. in herb. Willd. it is only a variety of G. litigiosum.
Small-seeded Goose-grass. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PL
■j- foot.
130 G. seta'ceum (Lam. diet. 2. (1786.) p. 584.) stems fili-
form, erect, scabrous at bottom ; leaves usually 6-8 in a whorl,
but from 4 to 8, linear-setaceous, with rather scabrous margins :
lower ones oblong; peduncles slender, divaricate, trifid ; fruit
hispid from bristles, which are hooked at the apex. ©. H.
Native of Spain, Mauritania, Sicily, Provence, in exposed stony
or rocky places. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 129. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 498.
G. microcarpum, Vahl, symb. 2. (1791.) p. 30. G. capillare,
Cav. icon. 2. (1792.) p. 73. t. 191. f. 1. Lag. gen. et spec. no.
127. G. floribundum, Sibtli. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 134.? G.
capillare and G. microcarpum, Spreng. syst. Flowers red. The
oldest name is here admitted for this plant, as in all oilier cases.
Setaceous-leaved. Goose-grass. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
PI. -f to -1 foot.
131 G. Sibthorpii (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 244.) stems
smooth ; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear, revolutely setaceous, sca-
brous : lower ones obovate ; pedicels capillary ; fruit rather
pilose. ©. H. Native of the Grecian Islands, on sterile hills.
G. capillare, Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 94. but not of Cav.
G. Creticum annuum tenuifolium flore albiilo, Tourn. cor. p. 4.
Flowers pale yellow or cream-coloured. Perhaps only a variety
of G. microspermum or G. setaceum.
Sibthorp' s Goose-grass. PI.
132 G. brevifolium (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 135. but
not of Stev.) stems villous; leaves 7 in a whorl, obovate, awned,
scabrous ; peduncles trichotomous, terminal ; lobes of corolla
awned ; fruit hispid. ©. H. Native of Caramania, on the sea-
shore. Flowers cream-coloured. The bristles on the stem and
leaves are not retrograde, as on most of the species. Perhaps
the same as G. album, Willd. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst.
Short-leaved Goose-grass. PI. 1 foot.
133 G. a'lbum (Forsk. descrip, const, p. 20.) stems erect,
branched, downy, coloured at the nodi ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl,
oblong, mucronate, with scabrous hardly serrulated margins,
glabrous above, and villous beneath, especially on the keel ;
fruit hispid. ©. H. Native about Smyrna. Flowers white.
/Ttoe-flowered Goose-grass. PI. \\ foot.
134 G. recu'rvum (Req. diss. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 609.)
stems weak, decumbent, branched, smoothish ; leaves 6 in a
whorl, but the uppermost ones are only 4, obovate-oblong, nar-
rowed at the base, acutish at the apex, glabrous ; peduncles
axillary, 3-flowered, equal in length to the leaves, deflexed while
in fruit, hairy; fruit small, globose, hispid. ©. FI. Native of
the Grecian Archipelago, among rocks. G. micranthum, D’Urv.
cat. no. 133. but not of Pursh. Sherardia muralis, Sibth. in
herb. L’Her. Sherardia muralis, Stev. obs. p. 70 ?
/?mecies native of the Levant.
144 G. eiierosolymita'num (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 451.) leaves
10 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear ; flowers umbellate, faAigiate.
— Native of Palestine. Stature of G. rubrum. The rest un-
known.
Jerusalem Bed-straw. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
* * * Species natives of Asia.
145 G. tuberosum (Lour. coch. p. 79.) root oblong, tuber-
ous ; stem procumbent, simple ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, lanceo-
late, glabrous ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, crowded, longish ;
fruit rough. — Native of China and Cochin-china, where it is cul-
tivated for the sake of the tubers, which are farinaceous, and are
eaten when boiled. Flowers hardly knowm. Perhaps a true
species of Galium.
Tuberous-rooted Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
146 G. strigosum (Thunb. nov. act. ups. 7. p. 141. t. 4. f.
1-9.) stems decumbent, tetragonal, scabrous along the angles ;
leaves 6 in a whorl, elliptic, ending in a spinose point, hispid
from pili above, and nearly glabrous beneath, with ciliately sca-
brous edges ; flowers axillary, on short peduncles. — Native of
Japan. G. uliginosum, Thunb. fl. jap. 58.
Strigose Bed-straw. PI. decumbent.
* * * * Species natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
147 G. mucrona'tum (Thunb. prod. p. 30. fl. cap. 151.) stems
downy, weak, tetragonal, rising in numbers from the same root ;
leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, mucronate, glabrous, with revolute
serrated edges ; branches few-flowered ; fruit glabrous. — Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps the same as G. mucrona-
tum, Spreng. pug. 2. no. 49. The G. mucronatum, Lam. and
the G. mucronatum, Ruiz et Pav. are distinct species. Mucrones
of leaves white.
Mucronate- leaved Bed-straw. PI. A foot.
148 G. horridum (Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 556. phyt. bl. p. 16.)
stem suffruticose, erect, tetragonal, prickly along the angles ;
leaves usually 8 in a whorl, linear, reflexed, serrated by prickles.
1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Horrid Bed-straw. Shrub 2 feet.
149 G. gla'brum (Thunb. prod. p. 30. fl. cap. 152.) stems
flexuous, erect, tetragonal, glabrous, serrated along the angles ;
leaves 6 in a whorl, obovate-oblong, acute, glabrous, with repli-
cately-serrated edges ; peduncles ample, lateral and terminal,
panicled. T ? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
white. Very like G. asperum.
Glabrous Bed-straw'. PI. 1 foot.
150 G. a'sperum (Thunb. prod. 30. fl. cap. 554.) stem flexu-
ously erect, beset with white twisted hairs, and scabrous along
the angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong, glabrous, with repli-
cately serrated margins ; flowers few. 1/. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Angles of stem rough from retrograde
denticulations. Fruit glabrous.
Rough Bed-straw. PI. 1^ foot.
151 G. expa'nsum (Thunb. prod. 30. fl. cap. 152.) stem te-
tragonal, smooth, with divaricate downy branches ; leaves 6 in
a whorl, linear, mucronate, glabrous, with revolute margins ;
panicles trichotomous, spreading, divaricate; fruit smooth.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corollas wdiite.
Expanded Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot.
152 G. Cape'nse (Thunb. prod. p. 30. fl. cap. p. 151.) stems
frutescent at the base, erect, branched ; branches terete, downy ;
leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, with revolute
margins; peduncles dichotomous ; fruit glabrous, smooth. .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white.
Cape Bed-straw. Shrub 1 foot.
***** Species natives of North America.
153 G. uniflorum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 79.) stems
flaccid, smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, acute, glabrous ;
RUBIACE/E. CCXVI. Galium. CCXVII. Callipeltis.
661
peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, very short; flowers
drooping ; fruit glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of Carolina. Fertile
branches ascending. Said to be nearly allied to G. tinctorium.
Flowers white. G. unifldrum, Req. ined. in herb. D. C. is a
variety of G. triflorum.
One-flowered Bed-straw. PI. ascending.
154 G. parviflorum (Rafin. med. disp. 5. and in Desv. journ.
bot. 1. p. 227.) stems diffuse, angular, glabrous ; leaves 5-6 in
a whorl, linear-lanceolate, very acute, glabrous ; flowers very
numerous, panicled. — Native of North America, about New-
castle and Delaware. Flowers small, white.
Small-Jlowered Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
155 G. spinulosum (Rafin. med. serm. p. 40. but not of
Merat.) plant diffuse ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, cuneiform, cuspi-
date, spinulose, scabrous; peduncles lateral, dichotomous, many-
flowered ; fruit scabrous. — Native of Maryland. Desv. journ.
bot. 4. p. 270. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3 ■ p. 528.
Spinulose Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
156 G. ? Mexica'num (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 337.) stem beset with retrograde prickles; leaves 8 in a whorl,
linear, acuminately pungent, glabrous, with revolute edges,
which are, as well as the middle nerve, rough from retrograde
prickles, one-half' shorter than the internodes ; corymbs ter-
minal, sub-trichotomous ; fruit hispid. ©. H. Native of Mexico,
near Guanaxuato. Perhaps a species of Rubia.
Mexican Bed-straw. PI. 1^ foot.
****** Species natives of South America.
157 G. denticula'tum (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C.
prod. 4. p. 612.) stems diffuse, branched, rather hispid from
bristles ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, cuspidate, ciliated by dis-
tant bristles, rather hairy on both surfaces, 1 -nerved; flowers
few, terminal, usually by threes ; pedicels capillary ; fruit gla-
brous.— Native of Mexico, at Real del Monte. Perhaps a spe-
cies of Rubia.
Denticulated- leaved Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
158 G. hirsu'tum (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 59.) stems pro-
cumbent, tetragonal, much branched, hairy ; leaves 4 in a whorl,
lanceolate, reflexed, hairy ; pedunclesaxillary, 1-flowered, soli-
tary, short; fruit scabrous. ©. H. Native of Peru, in the
province of Canta, in shady places. Perhaps a species of
Rubia.
Hairy Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
159 G. piliferum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
337.) stems weak, beset with retrograde prickles ; leaves 8 in a
whorl, linear-lanceolate, acuminated by hairs, glabrous, with re-
volute edges, which are, as well as the middle nerve, beset with
retrograde prickles, much shorter than the internodes ; flowers
terminal, on long peduncles ; fruit hispid. ©. H. Native of
New Granada, on the Andes. This plant ought probably to be
excluded from the genus, on account of its campanulate corolla.
Habit of G. uliginosum.
Piliferous Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
160 G. cane'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
336. ) stems almost glabrous ; branches and leaves villous ;
leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, acuminated, triple-nerved, canes-
cent beneath, much shorter than the internodes ; floriferous
branches bifid ; flowers lateral and axillary, solitary and terminal,
by threes ; fruit beset with hooked bristles. ©. H. Native
about the town of Quito. Habit of G. maritima, but is said to
be annual. Perhaps a species of Rubia.
Canescent Bed-straw. PI. procumbent.
161 G. Caripe'nse (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
337. ) stem glabrous, beset with retrograde prickles ; leaves 8 in
a whorl, upper ones 6, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, having the
margins beset with retrograde prickles, much shorter than the
internodes ; flowers terminal, usually by threes, pedunculate ;
fruit hispid. ©. H. Native of Cumana, near Caripe, in shady
places. Said to be allied to G. tinctorium, but is annual.
Caripe Bed-straw. PI. diffuse.
162 G. lappa'ceum (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 59.) stem ra-
ther scandent, much branched, tetragonal ; branches villous,
dichotomous ; leaves oblong or obovate, 4 in a whorl, hispid :
upper ones 3 in a whorl, lanceolate; peduncles axillary, 1-
flowered ; fruit hispid from bristles. — Native of Peru, about
Huanaco, at Puelles Collem. The fruit is said to be baccate.
Perhaps a species of Rubia.
Burdock- fruited Bed-straw. PI. climbing.
******* Species the native habitats of which are un-
known.
163 G. dichotomum (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1823. p.
7.) stem dichotomous, frutescent, quadrangular ; leaves 4 in a
whorl, obovate-lanceolate ; fruit glabrous. 1/ . H. Native
country unknown. Said to be allied to G. fruticosum, but the
leaves are much broader and shorter, and the flowers are
larger.
Dichotomous- stemmed Bed-straw. Shrub.
164 G. rigidum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 144.) stem erect, te-
rete, pilose, rather scabrous ; leaves verticillate, linear, scabrous
above; panicles divaricate. H. Native country unknown.
Stiff Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1778. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. The species of Galium are of the most easy culture
and propagation. They will all grow in any common soil. The
perennial kinds are easily increased by dividing the plants, or by
seeds. The seeds of annual species should be sown where the
plants are intended to remain. Those species natives of bogs or
marshes should be planted in a moist situation ; and those natives
of warmer climates should be protected during winter, either by
covering with mats or haulm of other herbs, or by placing them
in a green-house. None of them are worth-cultivating, unless in
botanical gardens.
CCXVII. CALLIPE'LTIS (from KuXXog, kallos, beauty, and
TrtXrr), pelte, a buckler ; in reference to the large hollow brac-
teas). Stev. obs. pi. ross. p. 69. D. C. prod. 4. p. 613. —
Cucullaria, Buxb. cent. 1. p. 13. t. 19. f. 2. but not of Schreb.
nor Rafin. Valantia species, Lin. — Galium species, Roem. et
Shultes.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Digynia. Calyx with an oblong tube,
and the limb not perspicuous. Corolla 4-parted, campanulate;
lobes ovate, very short. Stamens 4, very short. Stigmas 2.
Fruit oblong, rather incurved; one of the mericarps being abor-
tive, the fruit is only 1-seeded. — An annual, erect, much-
branched, slender, glabrous herb. Leaves 2, oblong, and sti-
pulas 2, very like the leaves, constituting a 4-leaved whorl.
Flowers 3 from each axil, on short pedicels, and therefore con-
stituting 6-flowered whorles. Braetea large, membranous, com-
plicate, and as if it were holding the fruit within its hollow.
Flowers small, all fertile. Fruit hispid at the apex.
1 C. cuculla'ria (D. C. prod. 4. p. G13.) ©. H. Native
of Cappadocia, Arabia, Persia, at Aleppo, Iberia ; and of
Spain, at Aranjuez. Valantia cuculDria, Lin. amcen. acad. 4.
p. 295. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 438. Lam. ill. t. 843. f. 2. — Buxb.
cent. 1. p. 13. t. 19. f. 2.— Galium cucullaria, Roem. et Schultes,
syst. 3. p. 259. Flowers whitish.
Cucullar- bractead Callipeltis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1780.
PI. ^ to 1 foot.
Cult. Sow the seeds in a warm dry situation, where the plants
are intended to remain for seed.
662
RUBIACEAi. CCXVIII. Vaillantia. CCXIX. Pomax. CCXX. Opercularia.
CCXVIII. VAILLA'NTIA (so named in honour of Sebas-
tien Vaillant, an eminent French botanist, and demonstrator at
the botanic garden, Paris, author of Discours sur la Structure
des Fleurs, 1718, and Botanicum Parisiense, 1723, 8vo., and
1726, fol. &c.). D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 266. Roem. et Schultes, syst.
3. p. 14. and p. 74. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
134. t. 11. f. 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 613. — Valantia, Tourn. act.
acad. sc. 1705. Mich. gen. 13. t. 17. Moench. meth, p. 639. —
Valantia species, Lin. — Vaillantia species, Waldst. et Kit.
Lin. syst. Polygdmia, Monce'cia. Flowers by threes ; mid-
dle one fertile, hermaphrodite, and the two lateral ones male,
and combined with the middle one. Tube of calyx ovate ; limb
denticulated, permanent, the denticulations many, irregular and
stiff. Corollas rotate ; male ones trifid, and the hermaphrodite
one quadrifid. Stamens 3-4. Styles 2 in the hermaphrodite
flower ; stigmas capitate. Fruit 3-horned, in consequence of
the ovaria of the three flowers being combined ; the lateral
horns sterile, and the middle one biovulate, but usually only
1 -seeded at maturity. — Annual branched herbs. Stems te-
tragonal. Leaves oval, opposite, and stipulas 2, very like the
leaves, forming a 4-leaved whorl. Flowers 3 in each axil,
sessile, small, yellow, therefore they appear 6 in a whorl.
— -According to the observation of A. Richard, the seeds are
half naked at maturity from the rupturing of the mericarp.
1 V. mura'lis (Lin. spec. p. 1490.) stem, leaves, and calyxes
glabrous. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe, in dry
rocky places, and on old walls ; on the whole coast of Tuscany ;
on the sandy shores of the County of Nice ; and in the south of
France, about Nemours ; also about Montpelier and Leghorn.
Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 137. V. quadrifolia, Moench. meth. p.
640. — Sabb. hort. 1. t. 83. — Mich. gen. 13. t. 7. — Mor. oxon.
3. sect. 9. t. 21. f. 2. — Col. ecphr. t. 297. Angles of fruit
fringed.
Wall Cross-wort. FI. May, July. Clt. 1739. PI. \ foot.
2 V. hispida (Lin. spec. p. 1490.) stem hispid; leaves cili-
ated; calyxes pilose. ©. H. Native of Teneriffe, south of
Spain, Italy, Balearic Islands, Candia, Barbary, &c. in hedges
and fields. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grace, t. 138. Galium lnspidum
and G. blepharophon, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 249. Fruit
prickly. Lateral horns of fruit smaller.
Var. 13, aculedta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 614.) plant larger; fruit
glabrous, longer than the denticulations of the calyx. ©. H.
Native of the kingdom of Naples, among rubbish and on old
walls.
Hispid Cross-wort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1768. PI. •§■ to
foot.
Cull. Sow the seeds on an old wall or on rock-work, or in any
dry sandy soil and situation.
Tribe XIII.
OPERCULARIE'Ai (this tribe contains plants whose fruit
opens by an operculum). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5.
p. 142. D. C. prod. 4. p. 614. — Operculariae, Juss. ann. mus.
4. p. 418. and 10. p. 328. — Opercularia Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 111.
t. 24. Flowers combined : having the calycine tubes resembling at
length a peculiar operculum. Corollas 3-5-cleft. Stamens 1-5 ;
filaments hardly adnate to the tube of the corolla at the base.
Style short; stigmas 2, slender, elongated, acute. Fruit 1-celled
and 1 -seeded by abortion, combined, 2-valved (f. 112. b.), at
length dehiscing. — Herbs or subshrubs, usually natives of Aus-
tralia. Leaves opposite. Stipulas twin on both sides, distinct
or combined. Flowers combined into a head, girded by a par-
tial, many-toothed involucrum. Heads of flowers sometimes um-
bellate and pedunculate, and sometimes sessile and capitate, usu-
ally girded by a universal involucrum. — This tribe agrees with
Spermacocece in habit and stigmas, but the number of sta-
mens is variable, and therefore it approaches the order Vale-
rianece.
CCXIX. PO'MAX (from -mopa, poma, an operculum ; in
reference to the operculum to the fruit). Soland. in Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 111. t. 24. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p.
145. t. 13. f, 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 615. — Operculariae floribus
umbellatis, Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 418.
Lin. syst. Mono-Tctrdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx
wanting. Corolla 3-4-cleft. Stamens 1-4. Seeds wrinkled
from tubercles. — Suffrutescent herbs. Leaves opposite, fur-
nished with one leaf-formed stipula on each side. Peduncles 7-
10, terminal, umbellate, involucrated by the 2 floral leaves and
4 small stipulas, bearing at their tops a small distinct head of
flowers each ; heads girded by a blunt 8-10-toothed involucrum.
Flowers 3 within each partial involucrum, joined together by the
tubes of the calyxes.
1 P. hirta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 615.) branches, leaves, pedun-
cles, and involucra hispid ; leaves oblong-linear. Tj . G. Na-
tive of New Holland. Pomax umbellata, Sol. 1. c. Opercularia
umbellkta, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 112. t. 24. Lam. ill. t. 58. f. 1.
Juss. mem. mus. 10. p. 426. Sieb. nov. boll. no. 250.
Hairy Pomax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. \ to 1 ft.
2 P. gla'bra (D. C. 1. c.) plant glabrous in every part ; leaves
elliptic, attenuated at the base. ^ . G. Native of New Hol-
land, about Port Jackson. Stipulas smaller than in the preced-
ing species.
Glabrous Pomax. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. The species of this genus grow best in a mixture of
loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings root freely under a hand-
glass.
CCXX. OPERCULA RIA (from operculum, a lid; in refer-
ence to the operculate calyx). A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat.
Par. 5. p. 144. t. 13. f. 2. D. C. prod. 4. p. 615. — Rubioides,
Soland. 1. c. — Cryptospermum, Young, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 30.
— Opercularia and Cryptospermum, Pers. — Operculariae flori-
bus capitatis, Juss.
Lin. syst. Mono-Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx
3-4-lobed. Corolla 3-5-cleft. Stamens 1-5. Seeds nearly
smooth. — Herbs suffruticose at the base. Leaves opposite, fur-
nished with distinct stipulas on both sides. Heads of flowers
globose, terminal, or rising from the forks of the branches, pe-
dunculate, or nearly sessile. Universal involucrum wanting, or
composed of the 2 upper leaves and 4 small stipulas. Partial
involucra acutely 8-10-toothed.
1 O. hispida (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 385.) stems diffuse, fur-
rowed, tetragonal, rough from numerous hairs ; leaves small,
ovate, pilose ; heads pedunculate, rising from the forks of the
branches, drooping. X-- G. Na-
tive of New Holland. O. aspera,
Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 427. t. 70.
f. 1 . Universal involucrum want-
ing; partial ones 8-10-toothed,
each containing 3-5 flowers. Co-
rolla 5-cleft, monandrous or di-
androus, white.
Hispid Opercularia. Fl. Ju.
July. Clt. 1790. PI. diffuse.
2 O. SESSILIFLORA (JuSS. 1. C.
p. 427. t. 170. f. 2.) glabrous;
stems diffuse, slender, hardly
furrow'ed ; leaves linear ; heads
of flowers small, hemispherical,
sessile in the forks of the branches
1 1 . G. Native of New Holland.
FIG. 112.
RUBIACEiE. CCXX. Opercularia. CCXXI. Lipostoma.
663
Partial involucra 4-5 in the same head, each containing 2-4
flowers. Corollas 4-5-cleft, monandrous or diandrous, white.
Leaves like those of the-species of Lindria.
Sessile-flowered, Opercularia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1824.
PI. diffuse.
3 O. apiciflora (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 35. t. 48.) glabrous;
stems diffuse, very slender, furrowed ; leaves oblong-linear,
short ; stipulas joined in one on both sides ; heads of flowers
terminal, small, hemispherical, involucrated by about 4 verticil-
late leaves. 1?. G. Native of New Holland, in Van Lewin’s
Land. Juss. mem. mus. 4. p. 427. Partial involucra 1-3 in
each head, each containing 3-4 flowers. Corollas 4-5-cleft ;
monandrous or diandrous, white. (Fig. 112.).
Top-flowered Opercularia. Shrub 1 foot.
4 O. spermacocea (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 35. t. 47.) gla-
brous ; stem shrubby, erect ; leaves linear, almost triquetrous ;
stipulas combined in one on both sides, bidentate at the apex ;
heads spherical, pedunculate, terminal, . G. Native of New'
Holland, in Lewin’s Land. Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 427. Leaves
falsely verticillate. Partial involucra 4-5 in the same head, each
bearing 4 flowers. Habit of Sperviacoce verticilldta.
Spermacoce-Wke Opercularia. Shrub 1 foot.
5 O. vacjina'ta (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 34. t. 46.) glabrous;
stem erect, woody at the base, rather angular ; leaves linear ;
stipulas combined into a long sheath, which is bidentate at top
on both sides ; heads globose, naked, terminal. T? . G. Native
of New Holland, in Van Lewin’s Land. Juss. ann. mus. 4. p.
428. Partial involucra 5-9 in a head, each containing 3-5
flowers. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4, ex Labill.
•S7. 621.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 5-
toothed. Corolla campanulate, 5-toothed : teeth oblong. Fila-
ments 5, inserted in the middle of the corolline tube. Anthers
linear, exserted. Stigma 1. Capsule woody, 2-valved. Seeds
winged. — Trees, natives of Caraccas. Leaves opposite. Flowers
terminal, trichotomous, panicled, sweet-scented. This is a very
doubtful genus from the description given by Wilidenow ; but
according to Richard it is related to Cinchonacece, in conse-
quence of the winged seeds ; but the stipulas are not mentioned,
and the leaves are said to be deeply and remotely toothed ; and
therefore it ought probably to be excluded from Rubiacece.
1 S. erythro xy eon (Willd. 1. c.) leaves oblong-rhomboid,
RUBIACEiE. CCXXVIII. Calysphyrum. VALERIANE^:.
665
toothed at the apex, downy beneath. T? . S. Native of moun-
tain woods, about Caraccas.
Red-wooded Sickingia. Tree or shrub.
2 S. longifolia (Willd. 1. c.) leaves oblong-ovate, quite
entire, glabrous. T? . S. Native along with the preceding.
Long-leaved Sickingia. Tree.
Cult. See Psychotria, p. 599. for culture and propagation.
CCXXVIII. CALYSPHY'RUM (from kclXvZ, kalyx, a calyx,
and atpvpov, sphyron, a little hammer ; the calyx is like a pedun-
cle). Bunge, in mem. acad. mss. Petersb. 2. p. 107.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx linear-
pentagonal, adnate to the ovarium, 10-striped; limb subcam-
panulate, profoundly 5-lobed; segments lanceolate, equal, acute,
erect, deciduous. Corolla superior, funnel-shaped, about equal
in length to the calycine segments ; throat wide, glabrous ; limb
ample, spreading, 5-parted ; segments roundish, imbricate in
aestivation : the fifth one a little smaller than the rest. Stamens
5, inserted in the bottom of the tube of the corolla, and alternat-
ing with its segments. Anthers linear-oblong, 2-celled, dehis-
cing at each side by a longitudinal chink. Ovarium inclosed in
the tube of the calyx, 2-celled, many- ovulate. Style filiform,
exserted ; stigma peltate. Capsule 2-celled ; cells many-seeded.
Seeds disposed in 2 rows in each cell, inserted in the dissepi-
ment, imbricated, compressed. — Perhaps the genus is more
nearly allied to Lobelihcece than to Rubiacece.
I C. flo'ridum (Bunge, 1. c.) leaves opposite, almost sessile,
oblong, acuminated, toothed ; flowers 2-4, sessile, terminating
the branches ; corollas grumose. Ij . G. Native of China, in
gardens. Flowers size and form of those of Rhododendron Dau-
ricum.
Flowery Calysphyrum. Shrub.
Cult. See Pomax, p. 662. for culture and propagation.
I I Genera referred to Rubiacece by authors, but do not belong
to the order.
Bellonia, Lin. belongs to Solanece ; and Gcertnera, Lam.,
Usteria, Willd., Pagamia, Aubl. belongs to Loganece.
Order CXXXI. VALERI A'NEAi (this order contains plants
agreeing with Valeriana in important characters). D. C. fl. fr. 4.
p. 237. propr. med. ed. 2. p. 175. coll. mem. vii. t. 5. Dufres.
diss. val. 4to. 1811. Kunth in Desv. journ. 1814. vol. 2. p. 171.
et nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 322. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4.
p. 129. D. C. prod. 4. p. 423. — Genera of Dipsaceae, Juss. —
Valeriana, Lin. gen. no. 44.
Tube of calyx adnate to the ovarium; limb variable in the
different genera, sometimes toothed or parted, sometimes going
away in pappus, which is at first involute, and at length ex-
panded. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped, usually 5-lobed,
rarely 3-4-lobed ; lobes obtuse ; tube equal or gibbous, or
spurred at the base. Stamens adnate to the tube of the corolla,
but free at the apex, alternating with its lobes when they are
equal in number, but varying in number in the different ge-
nera from 1 to 5. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Style filiform ;
stigmas 2-3, free, or combined in one. Fruit membranous or
subnucumentaceous, indehiscent, crowned by the limb of the
calyx in the younger state ; sometimes 3-celled, in this case 2 of
the cells are vacant ; sometimes only 1-celled. Seed in the fer-
tile cell or solitary fruit, pendulous, exalbuminous. Embryo
straight, with a superior radicle, and 2 flat cotyledons. — Annual
voe. in.
or perennial herbs, very rarely woody at the base. Roots of
the perennial species thickish, intensely sweet-scented ; of the
annual species slender, white, and inodorous. Leaves oppo-
site, exstipulate, different in diverse species, and in the same
plant. In the latter case the lower ones are usually entire, and
the superior ones are laciniated. Flowers disposed in cymose
corymbs, usually hermaphrodite, very rarely dioecious by abor-
tion, usually furnished with from 1-3 bracteas, white, rose-co-
loured or bluish, but in the genus Nardoslachys they are purple,
and in Patrinia yellow.
The plants contained in this order are more interesting for
the sake of their symmetry and neatness than on account of any
particular attractions ; they may be considered a connecting
link between Rubiacece and Dipsacece. Most of them are
pretty. The Valerianellas are useful esculents, known under
the name of corn salads ; Centrdnthus ruber is also eaten in
the same way in Sicily. Their medicinal properties are of
a decisive character. The roots of Valeriana officinalis, Phu,
Celtica, and others are bitter, tonic, aromatic, antispasmodic,
and vermifugal ; they are occasionally used as febrifuges.
The odour of valerian is not generally agreeable, but eastern
nations procure from the mountains of Austria the roots of
Valeriana Celtica, with which they perfume their baths ; and
the natives of India at this day employ the Nardostachys, the
spikenard of old times, as a perfume, and against hysterics and
epilepsy.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Patri'nia. Limb of calyx slightly 5-toothed. Corolla re-
gular, bluntly 5-lobed. Stamens 4, rarely 5. Stigma capitate,
trigonal. Capsule 3-celled.
2 Nardo'stachys. Limb of calyx 5-parted : lobes slightly
denticulated. Corolla regular, bluntly 5-lobed, with a bearded
throat. Stamens 4. Stigma capitate. Capsule 3-celled.
3 Dufre'snia. Limb of calyx 3-parted ; lobes serrated.
Corolla obconical, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Fruit membranous, in-
dehiscent, very villous, 3-celled.
4 Valeriane'lla. Limb of calyx toothed. Corolla regu-
lar, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Stigma almost undivided or trifid.
Fruit 3-celled, rather membranous, indehiscent, sometimes with
2 of the cells fertile.
5 Astre'fiiia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-
shaped, 5-lobed, gibbous on one side at the base. Stamens 3.
Style trifid at the apex. Fruit 2-celled.
6 Fe'dia. Limb of calyx with 4 unequal subulate lobes (f.
113. c.). Corolla filiform, with an unequally 5-lobed subrin-
gent limb (f. 113./.). Stamens 2 (f. 113. //.). Stigma bifid
(f. 113. g.). Fruit spongy (f. 113. b.), indehiscent, 3-celled.
7 Plectritis. Limb of calyx entire. Corolla gibbous at the
base in front from a short spur, with a 5-lobed bilabiate limb.
Stamens 3. Capsule cartilaginous, 1-celled, 2-winged.
8 Centra'nthus. Limb of calyx involute at the time of
flowering (f. 114. b.), but afterwards evolute and deciduous, of
many-feathered bristles (f. 114. h.). Corolla with a narrow
tube, which is spurred at the base (f. 114. c.), and a regular 5-
4 Q
666
VALERIANEAi. I. Patrinia. II. Nardostachys.
lobed limb (f. 114. d.). Stamen 1 (f. 114. e.). Fruit indehis-
cent, 1 -celled and 1 -seeded at maturity.
9 Vaeeria'na. Limb of calyx the same as in Centrdnthus.
Corolla with an obconical or cylindrical tube (f. 115. b.), which
is equal or gibbous at the base, and a bluntly 5-cleft limb (f.
115. b.), rarely only 3-cleft. Stamens 3 (f. 115. b.). Fruit in-
dehiscent, 1-celled, and 1 -seeded at maturity.
10 Be'tckea. Limb of calyx 1-toothed, deciduous. Corolla
funnel-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Fruit 1-celled, trique-
trous, naked at the apex.
11 Triploste'gia. Flower having 3 covers, viz. a double
involucrum and the calyx. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla
regular funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 3. Stigma capitate.
Fruit 1-seeded, rostrate, covered by the involucra.
I. PATRI'NIA (so named by Jussieu after M. Patrin, a
traveller and collector of plants in Siberia.) Juss. ann. mus. 10.
p. 311. Dufr. val. p. 53. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 2.
Link, enum. 1. p. 131. D. C. prod. 4. p. 623. — Mouffeta,
Neck. elem. no. 210. — Gytonanthus, Rafin. ann. gen. sc. phys.
6. p. 88. — Fedia, Adans. fam. 2. p. 152. but not of others. —
Fedia species, Vahl.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Limb of calyx truncate
or erect, very short, somewhat 5-toothed. Corolla regular,
spurless, bluntly 5-lobed. Stamens 4, adnate to the bottom of
the tube of the corolla, rarely 5. Stigma trigonal-capitate.
Capsule 3-celled, crowned by the limb of the calyx, usually
having chaff-formed bracteas adhering to it at the base, with one
of the cells fertile, and 2 usually thick. — Perennial herbs.
Leaves for the most part pinnate- lobed. Flowers corymbose,
golden-yellow.
1 P. Sibi'rica (Juss. 1. c.) stem beset with 2 rows of hairs;
leaves rather fleshy : primordial ones oblong, lanceolate or spa-
tulate, undivided and obtuse, entire, toothed, serrated, or pinna-
tifid towards the apex ; cauline leaves pinnate, with entire,
usually obtuse segments; fruit adnate to the paleae. $ . H. Na-
tive of Siberia, among subalpine rocks. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2325.
P. coronata, Fisch. in litt. Valeriana Sibirica, Lin. spec. p. 48.
but not of Willd. Valeriana Ruthenica, Willd. spec. 1. p. 181.
Fedia Sibirica, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 122. Gaertn. 3. fr. t. 86. f. 3.
Valerianella lutea, Mcench. Valeriana Sibirica /3 humilis, Gmel.
sib. 3. p. 123. no. 3. — Amm. ruth. no. 25. t. 3. Radical leaves
spatulate, entire, toothed or serrated, but sometimes pinnatifid at
the apex ; cauline leaves pinnate. Fruit crowned by the 5-
toothed limb of the calyx. Flowers yellow. Root black, strong
scented.
Siberian Patrinia. FI. May, June. Clt. 1751. PI. 1 foot.
2 P. interme'dia (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 90.) stem
glabrous ; leaves pinnatifid, with uniform linear acute segments,
those of the lower leaves deeply toothed, and those of the
superior ones deeply pinnatifid ; fruit adnate to the bracteas. $ .
H. Native of Altaia, about Zmeof on hills; and of China.
Fedia intermedia, Horn. cat. hort. hafn. 1. p. 48. Pat. nudius-
cula, Fisch. in litt. Fedia rupestris var. Vahl, enum. 2. p. 23.
Valeriana Sibirica, Lin. spec. 1. p. 48. Valeriana rupestris,
Vahl. itin. 3. p. 318. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 123. t. 24. Flowers
yellow.
Intermediate Patrinia. FI. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
3 P. rupe stris (Juss. 1. c. Dufr. 1. c.) stem sinoothish or
rather downy ; leaves membranous, pinnatifid, with lanceolate
segments : terminal segment large ; corymbs subumbellate ;
fruit adnate to the paleae. $ . H. Native of Siberia, Vale-
riana rupestris, Pall. itin. 3. p. 215. Valeriana Sibirica, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 181. Sims, bot. mag. t. 714. butnotofLin. F&dia
rupestris, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 22. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 123. t. 24.
Flowers yellow, fragrant, smaller than those of P. Sibirica.
Rock Patrinia. FI. May, June. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 foot.
4 P. heterophy'lla (Bunge, in mem. acad. imp. petersb. 2.
p. 109.) stem leafy, downy; lower leaves pinnatifid, with dis-
tant ovate-oblong coarsely toothed lobes : the terminal lobe the
largest, sharply toothed or deeply lobed, acuminated ; superior
leaves quite entire or ternate, with oblong-linear elongated quite
entire lobes ; flowers corymbose ; achenia bracteate. X . H.
Native of the north of China, on the mountains. Nearly allied
to P. rupestris , but differs in the lobes of the leaves being
fewer, shorter, broader, and in being variously cut, and in the
upper leaves being of a different form.
Variable-leaved Patrinia. PI. 1 foot.
5 P. scabiosa:f6lia (Link, enum. 1. p. 131.) stem glabrous;
radical leaves ovate or oblong, deeply serrated and lyrate ;
cauline leaves pinnatifid, with lanceolate-linear acute segments :
terminal segment very long ; corymbs loose, rather panicled ;
fruit triquetrous, naked. $ . H. Native of Dahuria. Sweet,
brit. fl. gard. t. 154. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1340. P. serratuli-
folia, Fisch. in litt. Fedia scabiosaefolia, Trev. act. bonn. 13.
p. 165. Flowers yellow. There is a variety of this plant
having the radical leaves rather pilose, and the rest glabrous.
Limb of calyx wanting or truncate.
Scabious-leaved Patrinia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft.
6 P. villo'sa (Juss, 1. c.) stem villous ; leaves villous : radical
ones petiolate, auriculate ; cauline ones sessile, toothed ; corymbs
panicled. $ . H. Native of Japan. Valeriana villosa, Thunb.
fl. jap. p. 32. t. 6. but not of Wall. Fedia villosa, Vahl, enum.
2. p. 10. Peduncles axillary and terminal. Bracteas linear.
Flowers yellow.
Villous Patrinia. PI. 1 foot.
7 P. ceratophy'lla (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 290.) stem
glabrous ; leaves all rather fleshy, downy, petiolate : radical
ones linear-lanceolate, entire, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, with
divaricate lobes ; cauline leaves profoundly pinnatifid, with linear
segments; panicles elongated; peduncles ternately verticillate.
H.. H. Native of North-west America, common on low wet
soils between the Kettle Falls and Spokan ; and in the valleys on
the west side of the Rocky Mountains. Root thick, fusiform.
Stems simple. Peduncles opposite or 3-4 in a whorl. Pedicels
short, and flowers crowded. Flowers white. The roots during
the spring months are collected by the Indians, baked on heated
stones, and used as an article of winter and spring food. From
a bitter and seemingly pernicious substance, it is thus converted
into a soft and pulpy mass, which has a sweet taste, resembling
that of treacle, and is apparently not unwholesome.
Horn-leaved Patrinia. PI. 1 to 1-| foot.
Cult. The species of Patrinia grow well in any light soil,
and are easily increased by seeds.
II. NARDO STACHYS (from vapHg, nardos, a shrub, and
ara-^vQ, stachys, a spike ; but is so named from the plant being
called spikenard). D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 1-2. prod. 4. p. 624.
— Patrinia, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 159.
Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 5-parted ;
lobes ovate-oblong, acute, foliaceous, somewhat denticulated,
permanent. Corolla regular, spurless, bluntly 5-lobed, with a
bearded throat. Stamens 4, adnate to the bottom of the corolla.
Stigma capitate. Capsule 3-celled, crowned by the calycine
lobes, and shorter than them, but not adnate to the bracteas. —
Herbs, with the habit of Scorzonera humilis, having very sweet-
scented perennial roots, which are beset with erect fibres at the
neck. Leaves entire, oblong; radical ones very long; cauline ones
VALERIANE^E. II. Nardostachys. III. Dufresnia. IV. Valerianella.
667
sessile, broadest at the base. Stems simple. Flowers disposed
in fascicled corymbs. Corollas purple.
1 N. Jatama'nsi (D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 1.) stem villous;
leaves downy : radical ones lanceolate-long : cauline leaves sub-
lanceolate ; fascicles of flowers opposite, pedunculate, and ter-
minal. F. Native of Nipaul, on the Himalaya mountains
and Gosaingsthan ; in Mandon and Chitor provinces ; in the pro-
vinces of Delhi, Bengal, and Decan. Valeriana Jatamansi,
Jones in asiat. res. 2. p. 405. and 4. p. 109. Roxb. in asiat. res.
p. 451. D. Don, in Lamb, cinch, p. 180. with a figure. Vale-
riana spica, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 13. Patrinia Jatamansi, D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 159. Nardus Garc. ab. hort. arom. p. 133.
with a figure of the root. Nardus I'ndica. J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 202.
Nardostachyon or Spica Nardi or Nardus Gangitus or Nardus
Syriaca of the ancients, and Jatamangsi of the natives of India.
It had long been a desideratum among the moderns to know to
what order and genus the plant belonged, which produced the
spikenard of the ancients. We are indebted to that learned
orientalist, the late Sir William Jones, for having first pointed it
out satisfactorily, although he confounded it with another species
totally distinct, and from which he has taken his botanical de-
scription and figure. This mistake arose from his not having
received perfect specimens himself ; but trusting wholly to the
account and drawing given him by a friend, wdio was entirely
unversed in botany, and who therefore could not be supposed to
distinguish accurately two plants of the same genus. The Jata-
mansi or Jatamangsi belongs to the genus Nardostachys, and
resembles in several respects the Celtic Nard, Valeriana Celtica.
The roots are simple, perpendicular, from 4 to 6 inches long, and
the upper half is very thickly covered with the remains of the
past leaves, resembling coarse hairs, and the smell resembles
those of Valeriana officinalis. This smell, which to many would
not perhaps prove grateful, has led some to doubt its being the
spikenard of the ancients. Dr. Francis Hamilton, in his account
of Nipaul, has expressed some doubts on the subject, but he
says, “ As there can be no disputing about taste, I cannot take
upon myself to say how far the encomiums bestowed on the
spikenard are applicable to this valerian, and the native women
no doubt consider the smell very agreeable, because most of such
as can afford it use oil impregnated with this root for perfuming
their hair. All I can say is, that if this root is the spikenard of
the Roman ladies, their lovers must have had a very different
taste from the youth of modern Europe. Notwithstanding the
objections that might be raised against the Jatamansi, on the
ground that the perfume produced by its roots would not prove
perhaps so grateful to our modern ladies, yet to the ladies of
ancient Rome it might have been highly grateful, as it is to those
of Nipaul at the present day. The late Sir William Jones, in
two learned dissertations published in the second and fourth
volumes of the Transactions of the Asiatic Society, has, indeed,
so fully demonstrated by so many proofs that the Nardostachys
is identical with the spikenard of the ancients, and this opinion
is supported by so many concurring circumstances, that there
can, I think, be no doubt now left on the subject. The Vale-
riana Hardmichii, with which Sir W. Jones confounded it, has
short fleshy roots, sending out numerous cylindrical fibres, the
radical leaves cordate, and those of the stem pinnate and ternate.
The flowers panicled, and in other respects it differs widely.”
Jatamansi or Spikenard. PI. foot.
2 N. grandiflora (D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 2.) stem quite
glabrous ; leaves oblong, glabrous : cauline ones ovate or cor-
date ; heads of flowers solitary, terminal. 1/. F. Native of
Nipaul, at Kamaon. Fedia grandiflora, Wall. mss. Bracteas
3-nerved, membranous, oval, longer than the capsule. Capsule
; downy ; lobes of calyx evidently denticulated.
Great-flowered Spikenard. PI. A foot.
Cult. See Triplostegia, p. 680. for culture and propagation.
III. DUFRE'SNIA (named after Peter Dufresne, M.D.,
author of Histoire Naturelle et Medicale de La Famille des
Valerianees, 4to, Montpelier, 1811.). D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 3.
prod. 4. p. 624.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 3-parted :
lobes ovate, acute, rather unequal, permanent, reticulated, and
serrated. Corolla with an obconieal tube, and a 5-lobed limb :
lobes roundish. Stamens 3. Style unknown. Fruit membra-
nous, indehiscent, very villous outside, crowned by the lobes of
the calyx, 3-celled inside, one of the cells fertile and flattened, and
the other 2 cylindrical and sterile. — A small glabrous herb. Stem
suffruticose at the base, nearly simple. Leaves opposite, oblong,
obtuse, quite entire. Cymes crowded, subcapitate. Bracteas
oblong, spreading, serrated. Flowers small, rose-coloured in
the dry state, and probably monoecious from abortion.
1 D. orienta'lis (D. C. coll. mem. vii. t. 3.) 1/ ? F. Native
of the Levant, between Mosul and Bagdad, where it was col-
lected by Olivier and Bruguiere.
Oriental Dufresnia. PI. foot.
Cult. This plant should be grown in a pot in a mixture of
peat, loam, and sand ; and placed among other alpine plants ; it
can only be increased by seeds.
IV. VALERIANE'LLA (a dim. of Valeriana, which see).
Mcench. meth. p. 486. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 240. coll. mem. vii. t.
3. Dufr. val. p. 56. Link, enum. 1. p. 63. Betck. anim. 4to,
Rost. 1826. D. C. prod. 4. p. 625. — Valerianella species, Tourn.
— Valeriana locusta, Lin. — F&dia species, Gsertn. Vahl. Stev.
Bieb. Rchb. but not of Adans. nor Mcench.- — Polipremum, Adans.
fam. 2. p. 152. but not of Lin. — Odontocarpa, Neck. elem. 1.
p. 123.
Lin. syst. Tridndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx toothed,
permanent. Corolla spurless, regular, 5-lobed. Stamens 3.
Stigma nearly undivided or trifid. Fruit 3-celled, rather mem-
branous, indehiscent, crowned by the toothed or accrete limb of
the calyx. — Annual herbs. Stems dichotomous at the tops.
Leaves oblong or linear, undivided, or toothed at the base, or
the superior ones are pinnatifid. Flowers solitary in the forks,
or in fascicled corymbs, bracteate, small, white, rarely rose-
coloured.
§ 1. Locusta (from locusta, a locust; so named from some
semblance in the branches). D. C. prod. 4. p. 624. Mature
fruit 2 or 3-celled; one of the cells alone fertile, and gibbous on
the bach ; the two sterile ones equal or broader than the fertile one,
sometimes distinct, and sometimes coadunate, from the dissepiment
having vanished.
* Mature fruit 2 -celled.
1 V. olito'ria (Mcench. meth. p. 493.) fruit globose, com-
pressed, inflated, glabrous, oblique, 2-lobed ; limb of calyx
almost wanting, or with 1-3 very short teeth; fruit having the
2 sterile cells combined, from the dissepiment being incom-
plete ; flowers subcapitate ; bracteas spreading, oblong-linear,
ciliately-serrated ; leaves linear-tongue-shaped, almost entire,
blunt ; angles of stem scabrous. ©. H. Native of Europe,
in corn-fields and light cultivated grounds ; plentiful in Britain ;
and is cultivated in gardens as a salad. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3330.
coll. mem. t. 3. f. 2. Dufr. val. 56. t. 3. f. 8. Valeriana
locusta, Willd. spec. 1. p. 182. F&dia olitoria, Vahl, enum. 2.
p. 19. but not of Gaertn, Fedia locusta, Rchb. pi. cr. 1. t. 60.
Fedia striata, Stev. mem. mosc. 2. p. 173. Valeriana olitoria,
Willd. spec. 1. p. 182. Lactuca agnina, Ger. emac. t. 310. f.
1-2. — Riv. irr. t. 6. Valeriana locusta, Lin. spec. p. 47. a.
Smith, eng. bot. 12. t. 811. Curt. lond. fasc. 5. t. 4. Mart.
4 q 2
668
VALERIANEAL IV. Valerianella.
rust. t. 24. Flowers pale blue. There is a variety of this
species having the upper leaves toothed or jagged according
to Vahl. Lamb’s lettuce is also called cor n- salad ; Acker-
salat in German, and Valerianella in Italian. It is a dimi-
nutive annual plant, common in corn-fields or sandy soils.
The leaves are of a pale glaucous hue, and rather succulent.
When cultivated it rises almost a foot high, and flowers in
March. Gerarde tells us that foreigners using it while in
England led to its being cultivated in our gardens. It is used
in salads through the winter and early in spring, both as a substi-
tute for common lettuce in those seasons, and to increase the
variety of small salads. For these purposes it has long been a
favourite plant in France under the denominations of mache, dou-
cette, salade de chanoine, and poule grass. It is raised from
seed, of which a quarter of an ounce is sufficient for a bed 4 feet
by 5. To answer the common demand 2 or at most 3 sowings
will he sufficient, viz. a principal sowing at the beginning or
towards the middle of August, a secondary sowing early in Sep-
tember, to furnish together crops in winter and early spring ;
and a smaller sowing in spring, at the close of February or in
the course of March, if the plants are required in continuation
throughout that season, though they are apt to get rank tasted
in warm dry weather. If wanted throughout summer, sow
once a month, and cut the crop quite young. Sow the seeds in
any bed of common mellow earth, broad cast, and rake in the
seed. When the plants are up, thin them to 2 or 3 inches
asunder, that they may have room to acquire some small stocky
growth for gathering. For seed leave some plants in spring.
Var. (3, lasiocarpa (Rchb. 1. c. f. e.) fruit downy.
Salad Lamb’s-lettuce. FI. April, May. Britain. PI. \ to 1 ft.
2 V. radia'ta (Dufr. val. p. 57.) fruit oblong, rather tetra-
gonal, glabrous, smooth ; limb of calyx obliquely truncate,
almost wanting ; sterile cells of fruit combined in one, from the
dissepiment being incomplete, equal in size to the fertile one ;
bracteas linear-oblong, spreading, ciliated a little ; leaves ob-
long-spatulate, attenuated at the base, subdentate. ©. H. Na-
tive from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in corn-fields. Valeriana
radiata, VVilld. spec. 1. p. 185. Fedia radikta, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 18. Bart. comp. 1. p. 20. Fruit downy, according
to Micbx. but in the specimen it is obviously glabrous. Flowers
pink. Perhaps only a variety of V. olitoria. The young leaves
are used as a salad.
Rayed Lamb’s-lettuce. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. PI. ^
to 1 foot.
3 V.? exsca'pa (Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 251.) fruit 2-
celled, one of which is sterile, obovate, ribbed, glabrous, sessile
at the neck, and protruded at the apex, and 5-6-toothed : teeth
oblong, straight, thick : leaves ligulate, glabrous ; stem none.
©. FI. Native of Caucasus, near Gandsha. Fedia exsc&pa,
Stev. mem. mosc. 5. p. 354. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 366.
Fedia acaulis, Bieb. suppl. p. 35. Flowers pink. The fruit is
said to be 2-celled, with both the cells fertile, but it is probably
like the other species, having only one of the cells fertile, and
the 2 sterile combined ones.
Sea/ eless Lamb’s-lettuce. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. PI.
■j to ^ foot.
* * Mature frail 3-celled.
4 V. tu'rgida (D. C. prod. 4. p. 626.) fruit nearly globose,
compressed on one side and concave- convex, almost awnless, gla-
brous ; fertile cell turgid, convex and cellular on the back, and
the 2 sterile cells about equal in size to the fertile one ; bracteas
oblong, spreading, ciliated ; flowers subcapitate ; leaves ob-
ovate : upper ones oblong-linear, quite entire. ©. H. Native
of Tauria, in corn-fields. F&dia turgida, Stev. mem, mosc. 2.
p. 178. but not of others. A very distinct species.
Turgid Lamb’s-lettuce. PI. \ to 1 foot.
5 V. gibbosa (D. C. coll. mem. t. 3. f. 3.) fruit globose,
somewhat compressed, glabrous, crownless, coarctate and flat on
one side, and gibbous on the other, and furnished with 2 stripes
on both sides ; fertile cell turgid, cellular, and furnished with a
furrow ; and the 2 sterile ones smaller, and furrowed on the
back ; bracteas linear-oblong, spreading, quite entire ; flowers
subcapitate ; leaves oblong-linear, entire. ©. H. Native of
Sicily, on the mountains in exposed places. Fedia gibbosa,
Guss. 1. p. 28. Herb smoothish, 2-3 inches high. Nearly
allied to V. turgida.
Gibbous- fruited Lamb’s-lettuce. PI. A foot.
6 V. costa'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 626.) fruit roundish, a little
compressed, glabrous, not crowned ; fertile cell turgidly cellular
and convex on the back, and the two sterile ones profoundly
furrowed on the back; bracteas oblong, spreading, with glabrous
edges ; flowers subcapitate ; leaves linear-oblong, quite entire.
©. H. Native of the south of Tauria, in vineyards. F&dia
costata, Stev. mem mosc. 5. p. 344. Bieb. suppl. p. 28. Herb
1-2 inches long, simple, slender, smoothish. Fruit nearly allied
to V. turgida and V. gibbosa, but much smaller.
i?i66ed-fruited Lamb’s-lettuce. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
§ 2. Psilocoe'lce (from \pi\og, psilos, slender, and koi\o g, koi-
los, a hollow; in reference to the narrow sterile cells of the fruit).
D. C. prod. 4. p. 626. Fruit 3-celled, flallish in front ; fertile
cell not cellularly turgid on the back ; and the 2 sterile ones fili-
form, and much narrower than the fertile one, usually close and
nerve-formed.
* Limb of calyx parted into recurved stijfish teeth.
7 V. uncina'ta (Dufr. val. p. 60.) fruit oblong, pyramidal,
rather downy while young, glabrous in the adult state ; sterile
cells 2, very narrow; limb of calyx tubular, 7-9-toothed; teeth
acute, stiff, recurved ; bracteas linear, spreading, glabrous ; cau-
line leaves pinnatifid ; radical leaves spatulate. Q. H. Native
of Tauria and Eastern Caucasus, in dry places of mountains ;
and at the Bosphorus. D’Urv. enum. no. 30. D. C. coll. mem.
t. 3. f. 4. F&dia uncinata, Stev. mem. mosc. 5. p. 352. Bieb.
fl. taur. 1. p. 26. Rchb. pi. crit. t. 69. Valeriana pubescens,
Hopp. bot. zeit. 1825. p. 359. ex Schultes. Flowers lilac.
Hooked- calyxed Lamb’s-lettuce. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822.
PI. \ to 1 foot.
8 V. echina'ta (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 242.) fruit oblong, some-
what tetragonal, trisulcate, glabrous; sterile cells of fruit very
narrow ; calyx with 3 conically subulate, stiff and recurved
teeth ; bracteas oblong, obtuse, glabrous, spreading ; leaves
entire or toothed, and are as well as the stem glabrous. ©. H.
Native in the region of the Mediterranean, from Madrid to
Tauria, in corn-fields. Dufr. val. 61. t. 30. f. 10. Fedia eclii-
nata, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 19. Stev. et Bieb. 1. c. Rchb. pi. crit.
p. 68. Valeriana echinata, Lin. spec. p. 47. — C. Bauli. pin.
p. 165. Garid. aix. t. 94. Col. eephr. t. 206. — Moris, ox. sect.
7. t. 16. f. 28. Flowers pink.
E chinated- frmted Lamb’s-lettuce. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1S07.
PI. 1 foot.
9 V. cornicula'ta (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 49.) fruit oblong,
with the 2 sterile cells filiform, and the fertile one convex on the
back ; crown of fruit tubular, tridentate : teeth elongated, linear,
usually denticulated, straight or hooked at the apex. ©. H.
Native of Caucasus, in corn-fields near Baku. Habit of plant
nearer to V. uncinata than to V. echinata.
Horned-fxwiled Lamb’s-lettuce. PI. | to 1 foot.
* * Limb of calyx erect, toothed or entire, never recurved.
10 V. erioca'rpa (Desv. journ. bot. 2. p. 314. t. 11. f. 2.)
fruit ovate, obsoletely ribbed, hispid ; the 2 sterile cells of fruit
VALERIANEAi. IV. Valerianella.
669
very narrow; limb of calyx obliquely truncate, campanulate,
6-toothed: teeth erect, the 3 front ones the shortest; bracteas
adpressed, linear; leaves oblong-linear, quite entire, or toothed
at the base. ©. H. Native of Europe, in corn-fields, from
Andegaveny and Spain to Tauria. Lois. not. p. 49. t. 3. f. 2.
Dufr. val. p. 59. t. 3. no. 4. D. C. coll. mem. t. 3. f. 5. Fedia
eriocarpa and Fedia muricata, Rcem. et Schultes. Fedia cam-
panulitta, Presl. sic. p. 11. V. campanulata, Bir. man. 4. p. 18.
Fedia eriocarpa, Rchb. pi. crit. 1. t. 65. Guss. prod. 1. p. 26.
F£dia rugulosa, Stev. in litt. Mor. oxon. sect. 7. t. 16. f. 33.
Flowers lilac. There is a variety of this, having the fruit pilose
on the ribs, and glabrous at the base. Bracteas quite entire or
serrated. Sterile cells of capsule very narrow.
Var. fl, rugulosa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 627.) bracteas ovate-lan-
ceolate ; habit firmer. ©. H. Native along with the species.
Fedia rugulosa, Spreng. png. 2. p. 2.
Woolly-fruited Lamb’s-lettuce. FI. April, May. Clt. 1821.
PI. to 1 foot.
11 V. mixta (Dufr. val. p. 59. t. 3. no. 6.) fruit ovate, vil-
lous, having the 2 sterile cells very narrow ; limb of calyx ob-
lique, with 3 short teeth ; bracteas linear, adpressed ; leaves
oblong, quite entire. ©. H. Native of France, Italy, Tauria,
in corn-fields. Fedia mixta, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 21. V. micro-
carpa, Lois. not. p. 151. Fedia minuta, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
144.? Flowers pink. Sauvages’s plant, cited by Vahl, belongs
to Centranthus Calcitrapa. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from
V. eriocarpa.
Mixed Lamb’s-lettuce. FI. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI. \
to 1 foot.
12 V. Morisonii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 627. Rchb. icon. hot.
cent. 1. t. 63.) fruit ovate, rather conical, downy; limb of calyx
oblique, tridentate on one side, and furnished with 1-2 nearly
obsolete teeth on the other ; the 2 sterile cells of fruit filiform,
much narrower than the fertile one ; bracteas subulate, erect,
cartilaginously ciliated ; flowers corymbose ; leaves linear-
tongue-shaped, quite entire or few-toothed at the base. ©. H.
Native of Europe and Tauria, in corn-fields; and of Caucasus,
on the Talusch mountains, near Perimbal ; found in corn-fields
in Cornwall, Essex, and on Harlton Hill, Cambridgeshire;
and in Scotland, about Edinburgh. Fedia dasycarpa, Stev.
mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 348. Fedia Morisonii, Spreng. pug. 5.
p. 6. Fedia dentata, Bieb. fl. taur. no. 70. Valeriana dentata,
Sow. engl. bot. t. 1370. Fedia dent&ta eriosperma, Wallr.
sched. Fedia dentata dasycarpa, Rchb. pi. crit. no. 127. t. 63.
— Mor. oxon. t. 16. f. 35. Fedia locusta olitoria, Oed. fl. dan.
t. 738. Flowers purple.
Var. /3, leiocdrpa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 627.) fruit glabrous.
©. H. Native along with the species. F. dentata, Stev. F.
Morisonii, Agardh. Fedia dentata, var. leiocarpa, Rchb. pi.
crit. t. 62. There are varieties of this, having the leaves 3 in a
whorl, and pinnatifid.
Morison's Lamb’s-lettuce. Fl. April, June. Britain. PI. 1 ft.
13 V. pube'rula (D. C. prod. 4. p. 627.) fruit ovate, downy,
hardish, rather angular, not umbilicated ; limb of calyx very short,
oblique, 3-5-toothed ; the 2 sterile cells of the fruit filiform, and
very narrow ; bracteas linear, erect, ciliately denticulated, with
membranous margins ; flowers corymbose ; leaves linear-oblong,
quite entire, or hardly unidentate at the base. ©. H. Native of
Sicily and Calabria, in corn-fields. Fedia puberula, Bertol. in
Guss. pi. rar. p. 14. prod. 1. p. 27. Fedia microcarpa, Rchb.
pi. crit. 2. t. 114.
Downy Lamb’s-lettuce. PI. ^ foot.
14 V. trunca'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 627.) fruit ovoid, downy,
convex on the back, and bicostate in front ; the 2 sterile cells of
fruit filiform, much narrower than the fertile one ; limb of calyx
ear-formed, obliquely truncate, quite entire, equal in length to
the fruit ; bracteas linear, dilated and concave at the base, cili-
ately serrated ; flowers cymose ; leaves oblong, quite entire.
©. H. Native of Candia, at Canea or Cydonia, in corn-fields ;
also of the Island of Melos, and in Cazar and Theodosia. Fedia
truncata, Rchb. pi. crit. t. 115. Fedia dentata, Sieb. ex Rchb.
V. auricula, D’Urv. enum. 5. but not of D. C.
L'runcale-cedyxed Lamb’s-lettuce. PI. foot.
§ 3. Platycce Ice (from i tXcitvq, platus, broad, and irotXoc,
koilos, a hollow ; in reference to the broad, hollow, sterile cells of
the fruit). D. C. prod. 4. p. 627. Fruit ! i-celled , furrowed in
front ; fertile cell not cellularly gibbose on the back , and the two
sterile cells broader than the diameter of the fertile one, or nearly
equal to it ; the transverse section nearly orbicular.
* Limb of calyx entire or toothed, erect; teeth not hooked at
the apex.
15 V. auricula (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 492. coll. mem. t. 3.
f. 6.) fruit ovate, glabrous; limb of calyx obliquely truncate,
almost quite entire, acutely auricle-formed ; the 2 sterile cells of
the fruit broader than the fertile one ; bracteas spreading, linear,
glabrous ; flowers disposed in dichotomous corymbs, rather
loose ; leaves oblong, quite entire, or toothed at the base. ©.
H. Native of Europe, in fields, especially in the south. Fedia
auriculata, Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 84. t. 4. Rchb. pi. crit. t. 63.
Fedia olitoria, Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 86. Flowers pink. This spe-
cies is often confused with V. dentata, and numerous others.
There is a variety of it with pinnatifid leaves and villous fruit,
according to Rchb.
Var. fl, laxiflbra (D. C. prod. 4. p. 626.) dwarf; leaves
obovate-oblong. ©. H. V. laxiflora, Dufr. val. p. 58. t. 3.
Fedia laxiflbra, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 360. Flowers
pink.
Auricled-cadyxod Lamb’s-lettuce. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821.
PI. i foot.
16 V. denta'ta (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3331.) fruit ovate, glabrous,
smoothish, chinky in front ; limb of calyx obliquely truncate,
auricle-formed, tridentate; the 2 sterile cells of the fruit broader
than the fertile one ; bracteas spreading, linear-lanceolate, gla-
brous, hardly ciliated ; flowers dichotomously corymbose, rather
loose; leaves oblong-linear, quite entire. ©. H. Native of
Europe, in woods ; and of Caucasus, near Baku, in corn-fields.
Dufr. val. p. 57. t. 3. no. 5. Fedia dentata, Vahl, enum. 2. p.
20. exclusive of the syn. of Moris. Valeriana dentata, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 183.? V. rimosa, Bast, journ. bot. 1814. 1. p. 20.
Val. olitoria, Sturm, deutsch. fl. with a figure. Flowers blue.
This is an intermediate plant between V. auricula and V. pumila,
and probably not distinct from the former.
Toothed- calyxed Lamb’s-lettuce. PI. | foot.
17 V. pu'mila (D. C. fl. fr. no. 3335.) fruit nearly globose,
inflated, glabrous, engraven in front, refuse at the apex ; limb
of calyx tridentate, short, unequal ; the 2 sterile cells of the
fruit broader than the fertile one ; bracteas spreading, lanceo-
late, with membranous villously-ciliated margins ; flowers co-
rymbose; leaves oblong-linear, deeply toothed at the base. ©.
H. Native of the south of Europe and Tauria, in cultivated
sandy fields ; and of Caucasus, near Baku, in fields and on hills.
Valeriana pumila, Willd. spec. 1. p. 184. Fedia pumila, Vahl,
enum. 2. p. 21. Rchb. pi. crit. 2. t. 113. V. membranbcea,
Lois. not. p. 130. V. tridentata, Link. enum. 1. p. 63. Fedia
tridentata, Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 2. p. 173. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl.
p. 29. Rchb. pi. crit. 1. t. 64. Flowers pink. There is a va-
riety of this, having the leaves somewhat pinnatifid.
Var. fl, lasiocarpa (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 366.) fruit
villous. ©. H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus. Fedia lasio-
carpa, Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 59.
670
VALERI ANE/E. IV. Valerianella. V. Astrephia.
Dwarf Lamb’s-lettuce. FI. April, May. Clt. 1826. PI. ^
to 1 foot.
18 V. sphjeroca'rpa (D. C. prod. 4 p. 628.) fruit globose,
umbilicate on one side, and convex and bicostate on the other ;
limb of calyx tridentate, one of the teeth longer than the others ;
bracteas spreading, lanceolate, acute, with scarious serrately cili-
ated edges ; leaves linear-lanceolate, rather scabrous : uppermost
ones pinnatifid at the base ; stem smooth. Q. H. Native of
Sicily, in pastures on the mountains. Fedia sphserocarpa, Guss.
prod. 1. p. 28. pi. rar. p. 14. t. 4. f. 1.
Round-fruited Lamb’s-lettuce. PI. \ foot.
19 V. cymboca'rpa (Meyer, verz, pfl. p. 49.) fruit nearly
linear, with the 2 sterile cells curved, and the fertile cell rounded
on the back, and nearly equal ; crown of fruit campanulate, 3
and sometimes 4-toothed : the lateral tooth elongated, linear,
and straight, the rest usually obsolete. ©. H. Native of
Caucasus, near Swant, in arid places.
Boat-fruited Lamb’s-lettuce. PI. \ foot.
20 V. trigonoca'rpa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 628.) fruit trigonal,
glabrous, broadly excavated in front, almost without a crown,
with callous angles : the 2 sterile cells of the fruit larger than
the fertile one ; bracteas oblong-linear, glabrous, spreading ;
flowers capitate : leaves quite entire : lower ones ovate-oblong,
upper ones oblong, ciliated at the base. 0. H. Native about
Constantinople, where it was collected by Castagne.
Trigonal-fruited Lamb’s-lettuce. PI. \ foot.
* * Teeth of calycine limb hooked at the apex.
21 V. hama'ta (Bast, in D. C. prod. 4. p. 628.) fruit ovoid,
villous outside, somewhat tetragonal, engraven in front : the 2
sterile cells about equal in breadth to the fertile one ; limb of
calyx spreading, broader than the fruit, quite glabrous inside,
and cleft into 6 lobes beyond the middle ; lobes awned, hooked
at the apex ; bracteas adpressed, oblong, ciliated ; flowers ra-
ther densely capitate ; upper leaves linear, entire or tripartite,
and are as well as the stem glabrous. ©. H. Native in the
region of the Mediterranean. D. C. coll. mem. t. 3. f. 7. V.
coronata, Guss. prod. 1. p. 25. V. coronata integrifolia, Rchb.
pi. crit. 1. p. 54. t. 66. f. 1. — Col. ecphr. t. 209. Fedia coro-
nata of many authors. Flowers pink.
Hooked Lamb’s-lettuce. FI. May, June. Clt.? PI. \ foot.
22 V. corona'ta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 628.) fruit ovoid, villous,
somewhat tetragonal, engraven in front : the 2 sterile cells about
equal in breadth to the fertile one ; limb of calyx cup-shaped,
broader than the fruit, hairy inside, cleft into 6 lobes beyond the
middle: lobes awned, hooked at the apex; bracteas adpressed,
ciliated; flowers densely capitate; superior leaves pinnatifid,
and are as well as the stem downy. ©. H. Native of the re-
gion of the Mediterranean. V. coronata, D. C. fl. fr. no. 3333.
Dufr. val. 60. t. 3. f. 2. Fedia Sicula, Guss. prod. 1. p. 25.
Fedia coronata, Rchb. pi. crit. t. 66. f. /3 et y. Vahl, enum. 2.
p. 20. Flowers pink.
Far. /3, discoidea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 628.) limb of calyx irre-
gularly 7-12-lobed. ©. H. Native of the region of the Medi-
terranean. V. discoidea, var. Dufr. val. p. 59. t. 3. f. 3. D. C.
fl. fr. 5. p. 493. Fedia discoidea, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 21. Rchb.
pi. crit. t. 116.
Crowned Lamb’s-lettuce. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1731. PI. \ ft.
* * * Limb of calyx inflated , closed by the inflexed calycine
teeth.
23 V. vesica'ria (Mcench.meth. p. 497.) fruit villous, crowned;
limb of calyx bladdery, inflated, 6-toothed; teeth conniving,
acute ; the 2 sterile cells of fruit a little smaller than the fertile
one, or nearly equal in size to it ; bracteas adpressed, ovate,
ciliated, shorter than the fruit ; leaves entire or toothed ; stem
rather villous. ©. H. Native in the region of the Mediterra-
nean, in corn-fields. D. C. fl. fr. 4. no. 3332. coll. mem. t. 8.
f. 8. Dufr. val. p. 60. t. 3. f. 9. Fedia vesicaria, Vahl, enum.
2. p. 20. Rchb. pi. crit. 1. t. 70. Valeriana vesicaria, Willd.
Val. locusta, /3, vesicaria, Lin. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grrnc. t. 34.
Flowers lilac.
Bladdery-ca\yxed Lamb’s-lettuce. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1739.
PI i to \ foot.
§ 4. Solenocce'lcc (from a\i /, lcephale, a head ; the
flowers are disposed in round heads). Schrad. cat. sem. hort.
goett. 1814. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 406. Coult. dips. p.
24. et emend, mss. 1824. D. C. prod. 4. p. 647. — Lepicephalus,
Lag. gen. et spec. 1816. p. 7. — Cerionanthus, Schott, mss. ex
Roem. et Schultes, syst — Succisa, Vaill. Wallr. 1. 1. c. c. Spreng.
syst. no. 376. exclusive of some species. — Picnocomon, Wallr.
mss. — Scabiosa species, Lin. and others.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogy'nia. Involucra surrounding
the heads of many imbricated leaves (f. 116. a.), shorter than
the paleae. Involucel tetrandrous, rarely compressed, 8-fur-
rowed, terminated by a 4-8-toothed crown. Limb of calyx
rather cup-shaped or discoid. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4 (f.
116. d.). Stigma longitudinal. Fruit tetragonal, crowned by
the limb of the calyx, inclosed within the involucel. — Perennial
herbs. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid. Heads of flowers ter-
minal, globose (f. 116. e.) ; paleae imbricated: outer ones ste-
rile. Corollas white, cream-coloured, or lilac. — This genus is
hardly distinct from Drpsacus, unless in the involucra being very
short.
* Perennial plants. Paleae acuminated , donny.
1 C. alpina (Schrad. 1. c.) stem striated, rather velvety; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, decurrent, unequally serrated ; pa-
leae acuminated, dowmy ; teeth of involucel 8, awned, nearly
equal in length to the corolla ; anthers green and striated at the
time of dehiscence. %. H. Native of Europe, on the alps;
and of Greece, on Mount Athos. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3.
p. 43. Coult. dips. 24. Scabiosa alpina, Lin. spec. 141. D. C.
fl. fr. no. 3296. SuccLa alpina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 378. Besl.
syst. oest. 9. t. 98. f. 1. Corollas yellow. Heads of flowers
drooping a little before expansion. Leaves large, downy.
Alpine Cephalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1570. PI. 3 to
4 feet.
2 C. Tata'rica (Schrad. 1. c.) stems striated, clothed with
retrograde villi at the base and on the petioles ; leaves pinnate ;
leaflets decurrent, oval-lanceolate, serrated ; bracteas acumi-
nated, downy ; teeth of involucel 8, awned, nearly equal ; outer
corollas radiant ; anthers green, and striated at the time of
bursting. 1£. H. Native of Siberia and Caucasus, in alpine
meadows. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 51. Coult. dips. p. 24.
Scabiosa Tatarica, Gmel. sib. 1. p. 159. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 92.
but not of Lin. Scabiosa elata, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 126.
Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 301. but not of Lin. Cephalaria elata,
Schrad. 1. c. Scabiosa atrata, hort. mad. 1805. Lepicephalus
atratus, Lag. 1. c. Succisa Tatarica, Spreng. 1. c. Plant gla-
brous. Peduncles angular, downy. Heads large. Paleae deep
green, white inside, ciliated. Corollas yellow.
Var. /3, gigantea (Coult. 1. c.) plant 12 feet high. Ij. H.
Scabiosa altissima, Mill. diet. no. 6. Scabiosa gigantea, Ledeb.
cat. hort. dorp. 1811. Plant glabrous.
Tartarian Cephalaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 5 to
6 feet.
** Annual plants. Paleae membranous, amned at the apex.
3 C. Trans ylva'nica (Schrad. 1. c.) stems terete, rather
pilose at the base ; leaves pinnatifid : lower ones lyrate ; lobes
of the cauline leaves linear-oblong toothed : terminal lobes
lanceolate, serrated a little ; paleae glabrous, membranous,
oblong, ending in a dark purple awn each ; teeth of invo-
lucel 8, short, equal. ©. H. Native of the south of Eu-
rope, from Vascony to Constantinople, in fields; and of Cau-
casus, on mountains near Grosnaja. Coult. dips. p. 24. t. 1.
DIPSACEA3.
III. Cephalaria.
685
f. 6. Scabiosa Transylvanica,
Lin. spec. p. 141. Jacq. liort.
vind. t. 111. Rchb. pi. crit. 2.
р. 121. Succisa pentaphylla,
Mcench. metb. p. 488. Sea-
biosa Transylvanica, Spreng. 1.
с. Lepicephalus Transylvani-
cus, Lag. Corollas white in
the disk, and pale deep blue or
lilac in the rays.
Far. fi, semiaristata (Coult.
in litt. 1824. ex D. C. prod. 4.
p. 648.) alternate teeth of in-
volucels awned, the rest as in
the species.
Transy/ttamara Cephalaria. FI.
July. Clt. 1699. PI. 1 to 3
feet.
4 C. Joppe'nsis (Coult. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.)
stems terete, branched; leaves pinnatifid: lobes serrated; heads
ovate ; scales of involucra roundish ; paleae silky, short-acumi-
nated ; teeth of involucels 8, short, equal ; corollas nearly equal.
©. H. Native of Joppa, in hedges. Succisa Joppica. Spreng.
syst. 1. p. 1378. Scabiosa Joppensis, Rchb. liort. bot. 1. t.
17. Scabiosa Transylvanica, Sieb. in herb. Kunth. Leaves,
habit, and fruit of C. Transylvanica.
Joppa Cephalaria. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
5 C. SyrIaca (Schrad. 1. c.) stems more or less hispid ; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, serrated ; heads ovate ; paleae broad at the
base, membranous, ending each in a long awn ; teeth of involu-
cels 8, 4 of which are awned, and the other 4 very short ; co-
rollas equal. ©. H. Native from Spain to Persia, in fields
and woods. Coult. dips. p. 23. tr. f. 7. Scabiosa Syriaca,
Spreng. 1. c. There are hispid and glabrous varieties of this
plant, with either serrated or nearly entire leaves. Flowers
blue.
Far. a, pedunculata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.) heads of flowers
on long peduncles. ©. H. Scabiosa Syriaca /3, Lin. spec. 141.
Scabiosa Syriaca, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 105. Scabiosa
Sibirica, Lam. ill. no. 1302. Cerionanthus Vaillantii, Schott.
Cephalaria Vaillantii, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 46. Succisa
lancifolia, Mcench. meth. p. 488. Corollas blue.
Far. /3, sessilis (D. C. 1. c.) heads of flowers almost sessile,
rising from the forks of the branches. ©. H. Scabiosa Syri-
aca a, Lin. spec. 141. Scabiosa dichotoma, Lam. ill. no. 1303.
but not of Willd. Lepicephalus Syriacus, Lag. Flowers blue.
Syrian Cephalaria. Fl. July. Clt. 1633. PI. 2 to 3 feet.
* * * Perennial plants. Outer palece alone blunt or bluntish.
6 C. decu'rrens (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 50.) stems
furrowed ; leaves pinnatifid : lobes decurrent, diverging ; brac-
teas bluntly acuminated, purplish at the apex, villous ; teeth of
involucels 4, purplish at the apex ; limb of calyx small, hidden
within the involucel ; corollas unequal. %. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Scabiosa decurrens, Lag. gen. et spec,
p. 8. Cephalaria decurrens, Coult. dips. p. 27. and in litt.
1824. Peduncles elongated. Heads about the size of walnuts.
Corollas white.
Decurrent Cephalaria. PI. 1 foot.
7 C. centaurioIdes (Coult. dips. p. 25. t. 1. f. 8.) stems
terete; leaves pinnatifid; lobes oblong, quite entire, decurrent ;
heads nearly globose ; paleae awnless, whitish-yellow : outer
ones obtuse: inner ones acuminated; teeth of involucel 4-8, or
obsolete. 7/. H. Native of the south of Europe, south of
Siberia, and the Levant. The following are varieties of this
plant, according to Coulter and Treveranus, in mag. nat. am. ber.
1815. Leaves glabrous, ciliated or villous: radical ones entire
or variously pinnatifid ; lobes narrow or ovate, straight or divari-
cate. Corollas equal or radiant, always yellow.
Far. a, communis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.) teeth of involucels
4-8, erect. 1/. H. Coult. 1. c. Scabiosa centauriokles, Lam.
ill. no. 1312. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3297. Succisa centaurioIdes, S.
laevigata, and S. ambrosioides, Spreng. 1. c. Scabiosa Transyl-
vanica, All. ped. no. 504. t. 48. Scab, ambrosioides, Smith and
Sibth. fl. graec. t. 103. Scab, laevigata, Waldst. et Kit. hung.
3. t. 230. Cephalaria centaurioides and C. ambrosioides, Roem.
et Schultes. Cephalaria laevigata, Schrad. Lepicephalus ceu-
taurioides, Lag. Flowers yellow. Radical leaves simple ; cau-
line ones bipinnatifid ; all ciliated. In C. ambrosioides the leaves
are downy, and the cauline ones bipinnatifid.
Far. /3, corniculata (D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.) teeth of involu-
cels distorted. 1/ . H. Coult. 1. c. Scabiosa corniculata,
Waldst. et Kit. 1. t. 13. Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 315. Cephalaria
corniculata, Roem. et Schultes, syst. Lepicephalus corniculatus,
Lag. Stems tetragonal. Leaves pilose. Flowers pale yellow.
Far. y, Uralensis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.) paleae at length
squarrose. 7/. H. Native of Siberia, on the Ural Mountains,
and of Caucasus. Scabiosa Uralensis, Murr. comm, goett. 1782.
p. 13. t. 4. Rchb- pi. crit. 4. t. 314. Stem hexangular, hairy.
Corollas pale yellow.
Far. S, cretacea (D. C. prod. 4. p. 648.) teeth of involucels
abortive. 7/. H. Coult. 1. c. Scabiosa cretacea, Bieb. fl.
taur. 1. p. 93. Scabiosa coriacea, Willd. enum. 1. p. 145.
Cephalaria cretacea, Roem. et Schultes. Leaves glabrous, usu-
ally all entire.
Centauria-like Cephalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. PI.
2 to 4 feet.
8 C. leuca'ntha (Schrad. 1. c. Coult. dips. p. 26. t. 1. f. 9.)
stem nearly terete; leaves pinnatifid: lobes linear or oblong;
heads nearly globose ; outer paleae adpressed, silky, obtuse :
inner ones hardly acuminated ; crown of involucel membranous.
If. H. Native of the south of Europe, the Levant, Siberia, &c.
Scabiosa leucantha, Lin. spec. p. 142. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3298.
Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 356. Succisa leucantha, Spreng. 1. c.
Flowers of all white.
Far. a, angustiloba (D. C. prod. 4. p. 649.) glabrous ; lobes
of leaves linear, almost quite entire. 7(. H. Cephalaria leu-
cantha, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 47. Lepicephalus leucan-
thus, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 7.— Clus. hist. 2. p. 4. f. 1. Flowers
white.
Far. j3, incisa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 649.) glabrous ; lobes of
leaves oblong or oval, deeply serrated. If. . H. Cephalaria leu-
canthema, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 48. Lepicephalus leu-
canthemus, Lag. 1. c. Corollas white.
Far. y, albescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 649.) lobes of leaves lan-
ceolate, deeply toothed, ciliated. 7f. H. Native of Siberia.
Scabiosa albescens, Willd. enum. p. 144. Cephalaria albescens,
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 48. Cauline leaves ternate or
simple. Corollas cream-coloured.
Far. S, Scopblii (Vis. pi. dalm. p. 3.) hairy ; leaves lyrately
pinnatifid ; lobes of lower leaves ovate, toothed : of the superior
ones linear. 7/. H. Native of Dalmatia, in the fissures of
rocks. Scabiosa leucantha, Scop. earn. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 95.
Flowers white. Fruit 3-4-angled. Foveolae of the receptacles
villous. Perhaps a proper species.
Wliite-jloivered Cephalaria. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1739. PI.
2 feet.
9 C. rigida (Schrad. 1. c.) stems terete; leaves oval-oblong,
serrated ; heads nearly globose ; paleae obtuse ; crown of invo-
lucel membranous. If. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 44. Coult. dips. p. 26. Scabiosa
rigida, Lin. mant. p. 328. Sieb. fl. cap. no. 252. Lepicephalus
FIG. 116.
686
DIPSACE.dE. III. Cephalaria. IV. Knautia.
rigidus, Lag. Succisa rigida, Spreng. 1. c. — Comn. hort. amst.
t. 93. Shrubby. Flowers white. Said to be allied to C. leu-
cantha. There are varieties of this with either glabrous or sca-
brous leaves. The upper leaves are cut, with revolute edges.
Stiff Cephalaria. FI. July. Clt. 1731. Shrub 2 feet.
IOC. attenua'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 44.) stem
terete, rather villous ; leaves linear, glabrous, entire and trifid ;
heads of flowers nearly globose ; paleae obtuse ; teeth of invo-
lucel 5, scabrous ; corollas equal. Ij. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Coult. dips. p. 27. and in litt. 1824. Scabiosa
attenuata, Lin. fil. suppl. 118. Succisa trifida, Spreng. 1. c.
Succisa trifida, Spreng. Scabiosa trifida, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p.
520. Lepicephalus attenuata, Lag. Flowers white.
Far. /3, verbencicea (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c. Coult. 1. c.) leaves
oblong, toothed, and somewhat pinnatifid at the base. 1/. G.
Scabiosa verbenacea, Lam. ill. no. 1314.
Attenuated- leaved Cephalaria. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 1 foot.
t Species not sufficiently known.
11C. Gra:'ca (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 43.) leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets decurrent, deeply serrated, glabrous ; paleae of the
heads imbricated, equal to the corollas. 7£. H. Native of
Greece, on Mount Athos. Coult. dips. p. 26. Scabiosa decur-
rens, Sibth. et Smith, prod. 1. p. 80. but not of Thunb. Scabiosa
fliiva, Sibth. et Smith, prod. 2. p. 356. Scabiosa orientalis foliis
teucrii, &c. Tourn. cor. p. 34. Flowers yellow. Perhaps suf-
ficiently distinct from C. centaurioides.
Grecian Cephalaria. PI. 2 feet.
12 C. hu'milis (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 50.) glabrous;
leaves linear, dentately pinnatifid ; paleae obtuse, downy ; co-
rollas unequal. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Coult. dips. p. 27. Scabiosa humilis, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 526.
but not of Host. Lepicephalus humilis, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8.
Succisa hilmilis, Spreng. 1. c. Flowers white. Stem nearly
leafless, filiform. Scales of calyx ovate, purplish at the apex.
Humble Cephalaria. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
13 C. ustuea'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 43.) glabrous;
leaves lyrate: lobes ovate, toothed; paleae imbricated, ovate,
acute, villous, purplish at the apex ; corollas equal.-*— Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, in rock lands. Coult. dips. p. 27.
Succisa ustulata, Spreng. 1. c. Scabiosa ustulata, Thunb. fl. cap.
1. p. 528. Lepicephalus ustul&tus, Lag. 1. c. Stems striately
angular. Paleae and flowers white.
Ustulate-hra.ctead Cephalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
14 C. sca'bra (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 44.) plant sca-
brous from hairs ; leaves stiff, pinnatifid ; lobes dentately cut ;
paleae ovate, obtuse, purplish at the apex ; corollas equal. •
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills. Coult. dips. p.
28. Scabiosa scabra, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 529. Lepicephalus
scaber, Lag. Succisa scabra, Spreng. 1. c. Heads about the
size of filberts. Flowers white.
Scabrous Cephalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Shrub
1-| foot.
N. B. Scabiosa marina, Lin. mant. p. 329. is distinct from
Scabiosa maritima, Lin., and are probably referrible to the pre-
sent genus, but are hardly known.
Cult. The hardy herbaceous kinds of Cephalaria are of
the most easy culture, and will grow in any kind of soil, and
are readily increased by dividing at the root, or by seed. The
seeds of the annual species only require to be sown in the open
border. The green-house shrubby kinds should be grown in a
mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and may be increased either by
young cuttings under a hand-glass, or by seed.
IV. KNAU'TIA (in honour of C. Knaut, physician at
Halle, in Saxony, who died in 1694; author of a catalogue of
plants growing in the neighbourhood of Halle). Coult. dips,
p. 28. D. C. prod. 4. p. 650. — Trichera, Sclirad. cat. sem.
goett. 1814. — Scabiosa, Vaill. 1. c. Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. —
Knautia and Scabiosa species, Lin. — Scabiosa and Knautia,
Spreng. Wallr. 1. 1. c. c.
Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Involucra of heads of
many leaves. Paleae none. Receptacle hairy. Involucel com-
pressed, with 4 hollows closely girding the fruit, denticulated at
the apex, having 2 of the teeth larger than the other 2, furnished
with a short stipe. Limb of calyx cup-shaped, neither pappose
nor awned at the apex. Corolla 4-5-cleft. Stamens 4. — Erect
branched, usually villous herbs.
Sect. I. Lychnoides (this section contains plants resembling
species of Lychnis). D. C. prod. 4. p. 650. Lychni-scabiosa,
Boerh. — Knautia, Lin. gen. no. 116. Involucrum erect, cylin-
drical, of 6-10 leaves. Flowers few within the involucrum, 5-
10. Receptacle narrow. Corollas very irregular. — Annual
herbs. Flowers pale red.
1 K. orienta'eis (Lin. spec. p. 146.) leaves oblong, cut or
entire; involucrum cylindrical, of 5-10 erect leaves; corollas
5-10 in each head: outer ones radiating, longer than the invo-
lucrum; teeth of involucel 12-15, very short; ciliae of calyx
obsolete. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Lam. ill. t. 58.
Schkuhr, handb. 1. t. 22. Coult. dips. p. 28. t. 1. f. 9. — Houtt.
pfl. syst. v. p. 250. t. 39. Scabiosa orientalis, Lag. gen. etspec.
p. 9. Kn. trichotoma, Mcench. meth. p. 487. — Till. pis. 153.
t. 48. Plant villous. Seeds pilose, hairy at the apex. Flowers
pale red. Lobes of stigma acute.
Eastern Knautia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1713. PI. 1 to 1| ft.
2 K. propontica (Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1666. exclusive of
Till, syn.) leaves serrated: superior ones lanceolate, quite entire;
corollas 10, equal to the involucrum; ciliae of calyx 15 in num-
ber. ©. FI. Native of the Levant. Willd. spec. 1 p 561.
exclusive of the syn. of Tourn. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
87. exclusive of the Lam. syst. Coult. dips. p. 28. Scabiosa
propontica, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 9. Plant villous. Corollas
purple. Pistilla white ; the corolla is said to be 4-cleft by
Linnaeus. This is a doubtful plant, and is perfectly unknown
at the present day, as the plant known in our gardens under this
name is K. orientalis.
Proponlic Knautia. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1768. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. II. Triciieroides (this section contains plants having
the habit of those of the next section). D. C. prod. 4. p. 650.
Involucrum spreading, 10-12-leaved. Flowers few or many.
Involucel bidentate at the apex. Corollas rather irregular.
Limb of calyx ciliated. — Annual herbs. Flowers bluish or rose-
coloured.
3 K. Urvill;e'i (Coult. dips. p. 29. t. 1. f. 10.) lower leaves
pinnatifid: superior ones linear, quite entire ; corollas 10-12 in
each head, nearly equal, hardly longer than the involucrum,
which is spreading; teeth of crown of the involucel 8, a little
awned. ©. H. Native of the island of Leri, in arid fields,
where it was collected by D’Urville ; and also of Bulgaria.
K. orientalis, D’Urv. enum. p. 14. Plant villous? Stems
branched, divaricate. Heads of flowers small. Corollas pale
blue.
D' Urville’s Knautia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
4 K. hybriua (Coult. dips. p. 30. and in litt. 1824.) lower
leaves petiolate, lyrate : lobes obovate, toothed : terminal lobe
the largest, ovate or roundish ; cauline leaves oblong, simple,
serrated ; heads many-flowered ; the 2 teeth of the involucel of
many bristles; ciliae of calyx 20-24, obsolete. ©. H. Native
of the south of Europe. Scabiosa hybrida, All. auct. p. 9.
DIPSACE-ZE. IV. Knautia.
687
Trichera hybrida, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 58. Scabiosa
lyrata, Lam. ill. no. 1310. Trichera mutabilis, Schrad. 1. c.
Scabiosa bidens, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 104. Cephahtria
bidens, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. et Coult. 1. c. Scabiosa inte-
grifolia var. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 227. Scabiosa annua integrifolia,
Tourn. herb. Scabiosa integrifolia and S. Moldavica, Hortul.
Stem villous. Leaves rather scabrous. Stigmas blunt. Corollas
pale purple.
Hybrid Knautia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to 3 ft.
Sect. Ill- Triciie'ra (from r pix£e, Inches, hairs ; in reference
to the limb of the calyx). Schrad. 1. c. D. C. prod. 4. p. 651. —
Scabibsa species, Lin. Involucrum spreading, of many leaves.
Flowers numerous. Receptacle dilated. Involucels rather
truncate at the top. Limb of calyx divided into 8-10 awns.
Corollas almost regular. — Perennial herbs. Flowers purplish-
blue. According to Coulter all the species contained in this
section might be with propriety combined.
5 K. arve'nsis (Coult. dips. p. 29. var. a, /3, y, t. 1. f. 13.)
stems' hispid ; leaves sessile, villous ; radical ones unequally
pinnatifid, with lanceolate lobes : cauline leaves pinnatifid, with
linear lobes; uppermost leaves linear-lanceolate; leaves of in-
volucra bluntish. If. H. Native of Europe, in meadows, pas-
tures, and cultivated fields ; plentiful in Britain. Duby, bot.
gal. 1. p. 257. Scabiosa arvensis, Lin. spec. p. 142. Gaud. fl.
helv. 1. p. 389. Scabiosa polymorpha, Schmidt, boh. 3. p. 77.
Trichera arvensis, Schrad. Flowers bluish purple, and verging
to white or purple. Perhaps Scabiosa dubia, Moench. hass. no.
116. t. 3. which is said to have a 5-cleft corolla, is only a variety
of this species. This plant may rather be considered a trouble-
some weed in corn-fields, but in grass-fields it may be considered
rather useful, as it produces a large quantity of foliage, which is
not refused by kine, sheep, or horses. The plant varies much
in the divisions of the leaves, and in its hairiness. It sometimes
occurs with white flowers. The flowers held over the smoke of
tobacco in a few minutes become a beautiful green. The plant
is slightly astringent, bitter, and saponaceous. The root creeps
deep in the ground.
Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 651.) leaves downy:
radical ones pinnatifid or entire ; cauline ones always pinnatifid.
If. H. Native of Europe, in corn-fields and meadows. Sower-
by, engl. bot. t. 659. Curt. lond. 4. t. 13. Fl. dan. t. 447. —
Blackw. t. 185. Flowers bluish, and varying from purple to
white, outer ones more or less radiant.
Var. /3, collina (Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 257.) leaves nearly all
radical and pinnatifid ; stems nearly naked. If. H. Native of
Europe, on dry hills. Scabiosa collina, Req. in Guer. vaucl. ed.
2. p. 248. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 487. Scabiosa hirsuta, Lapeyr.
Plant canescent. Flowers bluish.
Var. y, canescens (Coult. 1. c. var. /3.) leaves canescent from
hairs ; lower ones ovate, acuminated, toothed : upper ones pin-
natifid ; outer flowers of the heads hardly radiant. If . H. Native
country unknown. Scabiosa canescens, Hort. taur.
Corn-field Knautia. Fl. July, Oct. Britain. PI. 2 to 4 feet.
6 K. sylva'tica (Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 257.) stems hispid ;
leaves tapering into the dilated winged connate bases of the pe-
tioles, all undivided, oblong or lanceolate ; radical ones entire,
cauline ones crenated or toothed ; leaves of involucrum acutish.
If. H. Native of Europe, in mountain woods, and sometimes
in fields. Kn. arvensis y, Coulter, dips. p. 29. Scabiosa sylva-
tica, Lin. spec. p. 142. Jacq. obs. 1. p. 28. 3. p. 20. t. 72. fl.
1 austr. t. 362. Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 38 7. Scabiosa Pannonica,
Jacq. vind. p. 22. Trichera sylvatica, Schrad. Scabiosa integri-
i folia, Savi, fl. pis. 1. p. 162. t. 2. f. 1. Scabiosa ovatifolia, Lag.
gen. et spec. p. 9. Flowers red : outer flowers radiant. There
is a variety of this with smooth stems, and another with white
flowers.
Var. ji, longifolia (Duby, bot. gall. 1. c.) leaves oblong, en-
tire, quite glabrous ; heads of flowers nearly equal, lilac-coloured.
%. H. Native of Hungary and the alps of Jura. Scabiosa
longifolia, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 4. t. 5. Scabiosa integri-
fdlia, Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 387. — Scabiosa sylvatica ft, Gaud. fl.
helv. 1. p. 387. Scabiosa Carpatica, Wahl. Stem glabrous be-
low', and hairy above.
Var. y, integrifolia (Coult. under K. arvensis, 1. c. var. y,)
leaves undivided, toothed or quite entire. If . FI. Native of
Europe. Scabiosa integrifolia, Lin. spec. 142. Scabiosa dip-
sacifolia, Schott. Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 191. Scabiosa pubes-
cens, Willd. enuno. 1. p. 146. Trichera pubescens, Schrad.
Corollas cream-coloured. Anthers fulvous. Perhaps Scabiosa
hybrida, Bouch. fl. abb. Perhaps Scabiosa Uralensis, Rchb. pi.
crit. 4. t. 332. The plant is more or less downy, and the up-
per leaves are sometimes jagged at the base.
Wood Knautia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1633. PI. 1 to 3 feet.
7 K. monta'na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 651.) stems hispid,
brachiate ; leaves oblong, serrated : lower ones entire and jagged ;
heads of flowers radiant; leaves of involucrum acute, narrow,
i;. H. Native of Caucasus, in mountain meadows. Scabiosa
montana, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 95. Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. t. 60. Kn.
arvensis var. Coult. dips. p. 29. and in litt. 1824. Leaves hairy.
Flowers white.
Mountain Knautia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 to 6 feet.
8 K. cilia'ta (Coult. dips. p. 30.) stems very hispid ; leaves
ovate, hispid, lower ones petiolate, entire, auricled or pinnati-
fid : cauline ones deeply toothed, cordately stem-clasping or per-
foliate ; leaves of involucrum ciliated. Tf. H. Native of
Moravia, in meadows. Trichera ciliata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst.
3. p. 37. Scabiosa ciliata, Spreng. in Schrad. journ. 1800.2.
p. 199. Rchb. pi. crit. 3. t. 273. Scabiosa Kitaibelii, Schultes,
obs. p. 18. Scabiosa pubescens, Wahl. fl. carp. p. 38. Trichera
leucantha, Schrad. S. hispida, Porter’s mss. Perhaps Scabibsa
ciliata, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 125. is the same, although said
to be annual. Flowers dirty white ; outer ones radiant. Anthers
violaceous.
Ciliated Knautia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. PI. 2 feet.
9 K. dive rsi folia (D. C. prod. 4. p. 652.) stems branched,
hispid ; radical leaves pinnatifid : lobes rather falcate, quite en-
tire ; low’er cauline leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, bluntly
toothed ; superior leaves lyrate ; uppermost leaves stem-clasp-
ing, quite entire; leaves of involucra ovate-cordate. If. H.
Native of Transylvania, in mountain meadows. Scabiosa diver-
sifolia, Spreng. neu. entd. 1. p. 279. Corolla 4-cleft, radiant,
of a lilac-colour, ex Spreng., violaceous and blue, ex Baumg.
Divers-leaved Knautia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI. 2 ft.
10 K. legione'nsis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 652.) stems hispid from
retrograde hairs ; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminated, remotely
toothed: lower ones entire; leaves of involucrum 18, exceeding
the flowers. 7f.? H. Native of Spain, on the mountains of
Leone. Scabiosa Legionensis, Lag. nov. gen. et spec. p. 9.
Asterocephalus Legionensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p.379. Flowers
red. There is a variety of this with pinnatifid leaves and white
flowers. Said to be nearly allied to K. sylvatica.
Leone Knautia. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 feet.
11 K. Salce'di ; stem scabrous from hairs; leaves all undi-
vided, lanceolate : lower ones entire : upper ones sharply tooth-
ed in the middle. If. H. Native of Spain, on the mountains of
Leone. Scabiosa Salcedi, Lagasca. Leaves downy on both sur-
faces, hoary beneath. Peduncles long, beset with rufous villi
under the head of flowers. Involucrum of many lanceolate
pilose leaves, the length of the flowers, which are of a lilac
colour.
688
DIPSACE/E. IV. Knautia. V. Pterocephalus.
Salcedi's Knautia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 ft.
12 K. ovatifolia ; superior leaves broad, ovate, acuminated,
serrated, sessile. 7/. H. Native of Spain? K. ovatifolia,
Lagasca, gen. et spec. nov. diagn. p. 9. no. 116. Very like K.
Legionensis, but more slender in every part. Said to be nearly
allied to K. sylv&tica.
Ovate-leaved Knautia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. The species of this genus are of the most easy culture
and propagation. They will grow in any soil and situation.
V. PTEROCE'PH ALUS (from -trrepor, pteron, a wing, and
v£({>a\ri, kephale, a head ; in reference to the receptacle of the
flowers being villous or chaffy). Vaill. act. acad. Par. 1722. p.
184. t. 13. f. 23. f. 24. Coult. dips. p. 31. Wallr. sched. p. 47.
Spreng. syst. no. 378. D. C. prod. 4. p. 652. — Scabiosa and
Knautia species, Lin. — Pterocephalus and Knautia, Lag. gen. et
spec. 9.
Lin. syst. Telrandria, Monogynia. Involucrum double, each
series of 4-6 leaves. Heads many-flowered (f. 118. a.). Re-
ceptacles villous (f. 117. b.) or chaffy. Involucels toothed or
awned (f. 117. a.). Limb of calyx ending a in many-rayed
pappus (f. 117. c. f. 118. d.), which at length become feathery
(f. 117. i. f. 118. ?.). Corollas 5-cleft (f. 117. f. f. 118. eft.
.Stamens 4 (f. 11 8. /I), rarely 2-3. — Herbs or subshrubs.
§ 1. Annual plants. Leaves pinnatifid, particularly the su-
perior ones.
1 P. papfosus (Coult. dips. p. 32. t. 1. f. 17.) stem herba-
ceous, erect ; leaves bipinnatifid, with lanceolate lobes ; recep-
tacle paleaceous ; involucels drawn out into 1-3 long awns ;
bristles of calyx 20-24, plumose, about equal in length to the
awns of the involucel. ©. H. Native of Portugal, Spain, Greece,
and Candia. Pter. annuus, Vaill. act. par. 1722. p. 183. Pter.
Vaillanti, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 9. Scabiosa papposa, Lin. spec.
]i. 146. Scabiosa involucrata, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 112.
Scabiosa divaricata, Spreng. neue entd. 3. p. 163. Corollas
red. Leaves of involucrum pinnatifid. Plant villous.
Var. ft, diandrus (D. C. prod. 4. p.652.) smaller; flowers
di-triandrous. ©. H. Native of Spain, at Aranjuez, and of
Portugal. Scabiosa diandra, Lag. var. 2. p. 39. Pterocephalus
diandrus, Lag. nov. gen. p. 9. Cephalaria diandra, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 3. p. 52. Flowers blue.
Pappose-seeded Pterocephalus. Fl. July. Clt. 1597. PI.
1 to 2 feet.
2 P. bre'vis (Coult. dips. p. 32. t. 1. f. 16.) plant clothed
with soft villi ; stems herbaceous, erect ; leaves pinnatifid ;
corollas hardly exceeding the involucrum ; crown of involucels
membranous, hardly denticulated, very short, spreading ; bristles
of calyx 14-16, feathery, a little longer than the involucel.
Q. H. Native country unknown. Very nearly allied to the
following.
\p, ops, an appear-
ance ; the flowers have some resemblance to the eye of an ox).
Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 350. t. 58. f. 2. Pers. syn. 2. p. 500. C.
Cassini, diet. 5. suppl. p. 28. Richard, mem. mus. 6. p. 87.
Lin. syst. Syngenesia, Necessaria. Involucrum 7- 8-cleft.
Flowers fertile, nearly alike. Segments of calyx shorter than
the ovaria, membranous, some entire, and some deeply toothed.
Limb of corolla without any contraction, campanulate, half
divided. Column of stamens inserted at the base of the limb of
the corolla; tops of filaments distinct. — Many stemmed branched
herbs, with pectinately pinnatifid leaves, and terminal heads of
flowers.
1 B. anthemoides (Juss. 1. c.) leaves pectinately pinnatifid ;
segments of leaves linear. ©. H. Native of Buenos Ayres,
where it was first detected by Commerson. Pers. ench. 2. p.
500. Rich. 1. c. p. 87. pi. ii.
Anthemis-like Boopis. PI. i to foot.
2 B. alpi'na (Poepp. mss. coll. 2. no. 823. ex Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 6. p. 258.) leaves oblong-obovate, fleshy,
entire, or furnished with a tooth on one or on both sides, quite
glabrous. 1/. G. Native of Chili. Root woody. Stem erect,
simple, only leafy at the base. Corolla yellowish. Involucrum
12-toothed.
Alpine Boopis. PI. 2 to 3 inches.
3 B. leuca'nthema (Poepp. mss. 1. c.) leaves petiolate,
fleshy, glabrous, profoundly pinnatifid, with linear acute seg-
ments. ©. H. Native of Chili. Involucrum many parted.
Root slender, branched. Corolla wdiite.
Leucanthema- leaved Boopis. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
Cult. The seeds only require to be sowm in a warm sheltered
situation in the open ground.
III. ACICARPHA (from a«e, akis, a point, and tcapipoc.
carphos, chaff ; in reference to the segments of the calyx being
spiny). Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 347. t. 58. f. 1. Pers. ench. 2
p. 488. Cassini, diet. 1. supp. 32. Rich. ann. mus. 6. p. 77.
pi. 11-12. — Cryptocarpha, Cassini, diet. 12. p. 85.
Lin. syst. Syngenesia, Necessaria. Involucrum 4-5-parted :
outer ones adnate to the ovaria. Lower flowers of heads fertile,
superior ones much more numerous and sterile, with the ovaria
of all combined. Segments of the calyx for the most part end-
ing in acicular spines. Limb of corolla funnel-shaped. Column
of stamens inserted beneath the attenuated part of the limb of
the corolla, undivided to the top of the anthers. Bases of con-
nectives knot-formed. — Herbaceous plants, with toothed or en-
tire leaves, and terminal and lateral heads of flowers.
1 A. tribuloides (Juss. 1. c.) plant erect, glabrous ; leaves
oblong, cuneate-oboval, obtuse, with broad teeth ; style muck
exserted. ©. H. Native of Buenos Ayres, where it was col-
lected by Commerson. Cryptocarpha tribuloides, Cassini, diet.
12. p. 85.
Caltrop-like Acicarpha. PI. ^ to § foot.
2 A. spatuea'ta (R. Br. comp. p. 29. Richard, mem. mus.
6. p. 78. pi. 12.) procumbent, glabrous ; leaves spatulate, taper-
ing a long way at the base, denticulated and entire at the apex,
and mucronate ; style a little exserted. ©. H. Nativeof Bra-
zil, where it was collected by Sello. Cryptocarpha spatulata,
Cassini, diet. 12. p. 85.
N^afii/ate-leaved Acicarpha. Clt. 1824. PI. proc.
3 A. ? lana'ta (Lag. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 488.) stem woolly ;
leaves linear, glabrous, having a tooth on one side, and some-
LOBELIACE^E.
697
times on both ; uppermost leaves entire. — Native of New Spain.
Cassini, diet. 12. p. 36. Rich. 1. c. p. 79.
IToo%-stemmed Acicarpba. PI. prostrate.
Cult. Being annual plants, the seeds only require to be sown
in the open ground in a warm sheltered situation.
N. B. Ceva'llia sinua'ta (Lag. gen. et spec. p. 11. with a
figure,) appears to be allied to the present order, but the charac-
ters of the plant are not sufficiently known.
Order CXXXIV. LOBELI A'CEJE (this order contains plants
agreeing with the genus Lobelia in many characters). Juss. ann.
mus. 18. p. 1. (1811.). D. C. et Duby, bot. gall. p. 310. (1828.).
Lind! . introd. nat. syst. p. 107. — Campanulaceae, § 2. R. Br.
prod. p. 562.
Calyx superior, 5-toothed, or 5-parted, seldom entire, with the
tube adnate to the ovarium at the base. Corolla monopetalous,
irregular, inserted in the calyx, 5-lobed, or deeply 5-cleft. Sta-
mens 5, inserted into the calyx alternately with the lobes of the
corollas; anthers cohering; pollen oval. Ovarium inferior, with
from 1 to 3 cells, but usually of 2 cells. Ovula very numerous,
attached to the axis or parietes of the fruit. Style simple ; stigma
usually 2-lobed, surrounded by a cup-like fringe. Fruit cap-
sular or baccate, 1-2-celled, rarely 3-celled, many seeded, de-
hiscing at the apex. Seeds attached to the axis or parietes
of the fruit. Embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen,
with the radicle pointing to the hylum. — Herbaceous plants or
shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Flowers axillary or
terminal, of various colours.
This order appears more nearly related to Composites than to
Campanulacece, in their cohering anthers, and in the irregularity
of the corolla ; the stigma is surrounded by hairs, which are
probably analogous to the indusium of Goodenovice , to which
order Lobeliacece approaches very closely. It participates in all
the affinities of Campanulacece.
The plants contained in this order are all dangerous or sus-
picious, in consequence of the acridity of their milk. Titpa
Feuillei yields a dangerous poison in Chili. The most active
article of the Materia Medica of North America is said to be
Lobelia inflata ; it is possessed of an emetic, sudorific, and
powerful expectorant effect, especially the first. When given
with a view to empty the stomach, it operates vehemently and
speedily, producing, however, great relaxation, debility, and per-
spiration, and even death, if given in over-doses. Barton, 1. p.
189. The antisyphilitic virtues ascribed to Lobelia syphilitica
are supposed to have resided in its diuretic properties ; they
are, however, generally discredited altogether. Barton, 2. p.
211. Hippobroma longijlbra, a native of some of the West India
Islands, is one of the most venomous of plants. The Spanish
Americans call it Rebentia Cavallos, because it proves fatal to
horses that eat it ; it acts as a violent cathartic, the effects of
which no remedy can assuage, and which ends in death. The
leaves are an active vesicatory. Lobelia cardinalis is an acrid
plant, which is reckoned anthelmintic. Barton, 2. p. 180. All
the plants contained in this order are very ornamental, and
vol. hi.
therefore well deserving the care of the gardener. The flowers
are very showy blue, white, red, scarlet, but seldom yellow.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Clermontea. Calyx tubular, 5-cieft. Corolla arched, 5-
cleft, almost regular. Stamens with combined filaments and
cohering anthers ; the two lower anthers bearded. Stigma
2- lobed, girded by hairs. Capsule baccate, naked at the apex,
indehiscent, 2-celled, many-seeded.
2 Rolla'ndia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla compressed at the
sides, with an undivided tube, and a 5-parted, somewhat bila-
biate limb. Stamineous column adnate to the superior part of
the corolla. Anthers cohering, two lower ones bearded. Stigma
pilose. Capsule baccate, crowned by the calyx, 2-celled, many-
seeded, indehiscent.
3 Cya'nea, Calyx 10-furrowed, with oblong, foliaceous,
curled segments. Corolla tubular, arched, with a 5-parted,
somewhat bilabiate limb. Stamens, combined filaments, and
cohering bearded anthers. Stigma capitate ciliated. Capsule
baccate, 10-furrowed, indehiscent, crowned by the limb of the
calyx, 2-celled, many-seeded.
4 Delissea. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with an
arched undivided tube, and a 5-parted somewhat bilabiate
limb. Anthers cohering; 2 lower ones bearded. Stigma 2-
lobed, girded by hairs. Capsule baccate, crowned by the limb
of the calyx, indehiscent, 2-celled, many-seeded.
5 Pra'tia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed (f. 119. a.). Corolla
cleft on the back, even to the base, and therefore the limb is
5-parted, unilabiate, or all on the lower side (f. 119. b.).
Stamens combined above and the anthers cohering ; the two
lower anthers mucronate (f. 119. d.). Stigma 2-lobed. Cap-
sule baccate, crowned.
6 Tu'pa. Calyx spherical, 5-parted. Corolla cleft on the
back almost to the base, having the limb divided into 5 segments,
which are all united at their tips. Stamens combined almost to
the base; anthers cohering, bearded. Stigma 2-lobed, protrud-
ing. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded.
7 Siphoca'mpylus. Limb of calyx 5-parted (f. 120. d.).
Corolla with a curved undivided tube, which is ventricose in
the middle, and a 5-parted bilabiate limb (f. 120. 5.). Stamens
and anthers combined ; anthers bearded. Capsule 2-celled, 2-
valved, dehiscent.
8 Lobe'lia. Limb of calyx 5-parted (f. 121. a.). Corolla
with the tube cleft on the upper side, and thickened at the base,
and a bilabiate limb (f. 121. g.). Anthers cohering; 2 lower
ones usually bearded. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, dehiscent at
the apex.
9 Dortma'nna. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with
the tube cleft on the upper side, a bilabiate limb, and a bearded
throat. Stamens with free filaments, and cohering bearded an-
thers. Stigma capitate, hairy. Capsule half superior, 3-celled,
3- valved, dehiscent, many-seeded, surrounded by the calycine
segments below the apex.
10 Parastra'nthus. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
4 U
698
L0BELIACE7E. I. Clermontea. II. Rollandia.
with hardly any tube, and a bilabiate, 5-parted, reversed
limb. Column of stamens under the lower lip. Filaments
and anthers combined ; the latter bearded. Stigma bifid or
trifid. Capsule crowned by the segments of the calyx, 2-celled,
many-seeded.
11 Isotoma. Limb of calyx 5-parted (f. 122. a.). Corolla
salver-shaped (f. 122. d.), or funnel-shaped, with an entire or
cleft tube, and a 5-parted, nearly regular limb (f. 122. d.).
Filaments combined ; anthers cohering, beardless ; the two
lower ones mucronate. Stigma capitate, protruding. Capsule
2-celled, many-seeded, dehiscent.
12 Holostigma. Flowers dioecious. Limb of calyx 5-
parted. Corolla with the tube cleft above, and a nearly regular
5-cleft limb. Anthers cohering, bearded. Stigma undivided.
Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded, dehiscent.
13 Lysipomia. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with an
entire tube, and a 5-parted sub-bilabiate limb. Anthers coher-
ing ; the 2 lower ones bearded, or terminating in a membranous
process. Stigma 2-lobed, ciliated. Capsule 1-celled, opening
by an operculum at the apex, many-seeded.
14 Monopsis. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Corolla salver-
shaped, with a terete tube, which is cleft on one side, allowing
the stamens to escape, and a regular rotate limb. Anthers co-
hering. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded, dehiscent.
15 Hippobroma. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a
very long undivided tube, and a 5-parted nearly regular limb.
Stamineous tube exserted beyond the throat of the corolla. An-
thers cohering, bearded. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled,
2-valved, many-seeded, dehiscent.
16 Clintonia. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla bilabiate,
with hardly any tube. Anthers cohering ; the 2 superior ones
bearded. Capsule silique-formed, triangular, dehiscing by 3
loriform valves, many seeded. Seeds attached to two parietal
placentas.
17 Cy'phia. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla bilabiate, 5-
parted ; the segments easily separated to the base. Stamens
with combined hairy filaments, and free anthers. Stigma hollow,
gibbous, bearded. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded, dehiscent.
18 Canona'nthus. Calyx hemispherical, with a 5-parted
limb. Corolla tomentose outside, campanulate, regular, 5-parted
at the apex. Stamens with free filaments, and combined an-
thers. ? Capsule unknown.
I. CLERMO'NTEA (named in compliment to the Marquis
de Clermont-Tonnerre, minister of the marine of France). Gaud,
in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. 459.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, arched,
5-cleft, coloured, length of corolla, caducous. Corolla tubular,
arched, 5-cleft, almost regular. Stamens 5, one of which falls
off along with the corolla, with combined filaments and cohering
anthers ; the 2 lower anthers bearded. Stigma 2-lobed, girded
by pili. Capsule baccate, 2-celled, naked at the apex, inde-
hiscent ; cells many-seeded. — Shrubby or arboreous lactescent
plants. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers racemose, axillary,
bracteate, showy, white, or of a rose-violet colour, blue. ?
1 C. oblongifolia (Gaud. 1. c. t. 71.) leaves on very long
petioles, oblong, acutish, crenated ; calyx 5-parted. . G.
Native of the Sandwich Islands.
Oblong-leaved Clermontea. Shrub.
2 C. persicifoeia (Gaud. 1. c. t. 72.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, crenated ; calyx 5-cleft. J? . G. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands. Lobelia Clermontiana, Gaud. mss.
Peach-leaved Clermontea. Shrub.
3 C. grandiflora (Gaud. 1. c. t. 73.) leaves obovate-oblong,
rather acuminated, dentately crenated ; flowers large ; calyx 5-
parted. I? . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Lobelia
grandiflora, Gaud. mss.
Great-flowered Clermontea. Shrub.
Cult. All the species of this genus bear ornamental blossoms,
and are therefore worth cultivating in every collection of green-
house plants. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat is the best
soil for them ; and they will be easily increased by cuttings
planted in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass, in a little
bottom heat.
II. ROLLA NDIA (named after R. M. Rolland, gunner of
the expedition under Freycenet, who rendered great services to
ornithology). Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 458.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx closely adhering
to the ovarium ; limb free, 5-parted, with short obtuse segments.
Corolla tubular, with the sides compressed ; tube curved, undi-
vided ; limb 5-parted, somewhat bilabiate : segments narrow,
Stamens 5. Stamineous tube adnate at the bottom to the supe-
rior part of the tube of the corolla. Anthers cohering, two
lower ones bearded. Stigma 2-lobed, girded by hairs. Capsule
baccate, indehiscent, 2-celled, crowned by the permanent calyx;
cells many-seeded. — Lactescent shrubs. Leaves alternate, ex-
stipulate. Peduncles axillary, few-flow'ered. Pedicels unibrac-
teate at the base. Flowers white.
1 R. lanceola'ta (Gaud. 1. c. t. 74.) shrub branched ; leaves
large, oblong-lanceolate, doubly toothed, hairy beneath ; calyx
5-parted, glabrous, with ovate obtuse segments ; racemes few-
flowered ; stamens epipetalous. . G. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands. Lobelia Rollandiana, Gaud. mss. Lobelia lan-
ceolata, Hook, et Arm in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 88.
Lanceolate- leaved Rollandia. Shrub.
2 R. crispa (Gaud. 1. c. p. 459.) shrub branched; leaves
large, oblong, tapering much to the base, sharply toothed, gla-
brous, with undulately curled margins ; calyx 5-parted, downy,
with ovate obtuse segments; stamens epipetalous. . G. Na-
tive of the Sandwich Islands. Lobelia crispa, Gaud. mss.
Curled- leaved Rollandia. Shrub.
3 R. ? pinnatifida ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at both
ends, running into the short petioles, remotely pinnatifid, sinu-
ately and doubly toothed : flat and glabrous above, reticulately
veined beneath and rather hairy ; teeth short, and are as well
as the lobes obtuse and callously mucronate ; racemes axillary :
calyx and corolla hairy ; ovarium obconical, crowned by the
auriculated, ovate, obtuse, calycine segments. T? • G. Native
of Ovvahu, on the mountains. Lobelia pinnatifida, Cham, in
Linnaea. 7. p. 221. Leaves like those of a species of Sonchus.
Pedicels rising from a fleshy peduncle, and furnished with scale-
formed bracteas. Corollas 2 lines long, deciduous. Stem
branched. Perhaps a species of Cyanea.
Pinnatifid- leaved Rollandia. Shrub.
4 R. ? ambigua ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
sinuately and doubly toothed, flat and glabrous above, and hairy
beneath and fuscescent : teeth callously mucronate ; racemes
axillary ; ovarium obconical, smooth ; calycine segments ovate,
obtuse, mucronate, rather hairy ; corolla hairy, especially on the
nerves. T? . G. Native of Owahu. Lobelia ambigua, Cham,
in Linnaea. 7. p. 221. Stem simple.? Corolla deciduous.
LOBELIACEjE. III. Cyanea. IV. Delissea. V. Pratia.
699
Ambiguous Rollandia. Shrub.
5 R. calycina ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
unequally and erosely crenated, flat and pilose above, and reti-
culately veined, fuscescent and hairy beneath ; calyx glabrous,
with oblong, bluntish, 1 -nerved segments ; ovarium olive-formed,
crowned by the erect calycine teeth ; limb of corolla hairy ; tube
of anthers hairy about the base and along the furrows. T? . G.
Native of Owahu. Lobelia calycina, Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p.
222. Corolla deciduous.
Large-calyxed Rollandia. Shrub.
Cult. See Clermontea, p. 698. for culture and propagation.
III. CYA'NEA (from Kvaveoe, kyaneos, blue; colour of
flowers). Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 457.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx adhering to the
ovarium, 10-furrowed, longer than the limb, which is foliaceous
and 5-parted ; segments oblong, with reflexed undulately curled
margins. Corolla tubular, cylindrical, arched; limb 5-parted,
somewhat bilabiate. Stamens 5, with combined filaments, and
cohering bearded anthers. Stigma capitate, simple, ciliated with
hairs. Capsule baccate, 10-furrowed, indehiscent, 2-celled,
crowned by the permanent calyx ; cells many-seeded.
1 C. Grimesia'na (Gaud. 1. c. p. 458. t. 75.) branched;
leaves large, pinnate-parted, smoothish, with lanceolate coarsely
1 toothed segments; petioles, rachis, and peduncles beset with
tubercular prickles ; segments of calyx large. J? . G. Native
of the Sandwich Islands. Lobelia Grimesiana, Gaud. mss. Hook,
et Am. in Beecb, voy. pt. bot. p. 88.
Grimes's Cyanea. Shrub.
Cult. See Clermontea, p. 698. for culture and propagation.
IV. DELI'SSEA (named after A. M. Delisse, a physician
from the Isle of France, and naturalist to the French expedition
under D’Entrecasteaux, to the South Seas — from 1800 to 1804).
Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 457.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx closely adnate
to the ovarium ; limb free, 5-toothed, permanent. Corolla
tubular, arched, deciduous ; tube cylindrical, undivided ; limb
| 5-parted, somewhat bilabiate ; segments narrow'. Stamens 5,
with connate filaments, and cohering anthers : the two lower
ones bearded. Stigma 2-lobed, girded by hairs. Capsule bac-
i cate, crowned by the permanent calyx, 2-celled, indehiscent ;
cells many-seeded. — Shrubby lactescent plants. Leaves scat-
tered, exstipulate, entire. Flowers racemose, axillary, pale red,
or whitish red ; pedicels unibracteate at tbe base.
1 D. subcordata (Gaud. 1. c. p. 457. t. 77) branched;
leaves ovate, sharply toothed, glabrous. Jj . G. Native of the
Sandwich islands. Lobelia subcordata, Gaud. mss.
Subcordate- leaved Delissea. Shrub.
2 D. undula'ta (Gaud. 1. c. t. 78.) stem simple ; leaves ob-
long, sharply and coarsely toothed, glabrous, with undulated
margins. 1? . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Lobelia
undulata, Gaud. mss.
Undulated-leaved Delissea. Shrub.
3 D. acumina'ta (Gaud. 1. c. t. 76.) branched; leaves ob-
long, doubly denticulated, hairy on both surfaces. 1? . G. Na-
tive of the Sandwich Islands. Lobelia Delisseana, Gaud. mss.
Lobelia acuminata, Hook, et Am. in Beecb. voy. pt. bot. p. 88.
Acuminated- leaved Delissea. Shrub.
4 D. angustifolia (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 219.) glabrous ;
leaves on long petioles, narrow-lanceolate, flat, acute, bluntly
: serrated; calyx at first 5-toothed: teeth minute, ciliated, but
afterwards toothless, with undulated edges ; corolla smooth,
without papillae. . G. Native of Owahu. Stem quite sim-
ple. ? Pedicels axillary at the top of the stem, forming a co-
rymb. Filaments ciliated. Lobes of stigma pilose on the back.
Narrow-leaved Delissea. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Clermontea, p. 698.
V. PRA'TIA (named in memory of M. Prat-Bernon, of the
French navy, who accompanied Freycenet, but died a few days
after the expedition sailed). Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p.
456. — Lobelia species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx adnate to the ova-
rium ; limb free, 5-toothed (f. 119. a.). Corolla funnel-shaped,
cleft on the back, even to the base ; limb 5-parted, spreading,
unilabiate (f. 119. b.). Stamens 5, with the filaments combined
into the tube above, and the anthers cohering ; the two lower
anthers mucronate (f. 119. d.). Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule co-
vered by the fleshy calyx, 2-celled (f. 119 e.), indehiscent ;
cells many-seeded. — Small herbs. Stems filiform, branched.
Leaves thickish. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate, rarely
corymbose, of a pale violet colour ; peduncles bracteolate.
1 P. re'pens (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. p. 456. t. 79.) glabrous;
stems creeping ; leaves petiolate, rather reniform, undulately
subcrenated. 11. F. Native of the Falkland Islands. Lobelia
Pratiana, Gaud. mss. Flowers bluish-violet (f. 119.).
Creeping Pratia. PI. creeping.
2 P. ? ere'cta (Gaud. 1. c.) stems nearly erect; leaves ses-
sile, ovate-lanceolate, remotely and sharply toothed. 1/ . G.
Native of New Holland, on the east coast, at Port Jackson. Lo-
belia ? concolor, R. Br. prod. p. 562.
Erect Pratia. FI. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot.
3 P. corymbosa ; gla-
brous ; stems weak, an- FIG. 119.
gular, branched ; supe-
rior leaves linear-spatu-
late : lower ones round-
ish, running into the pe-
tioles : all deeply ser-
rated ; flowers disposed
in de.nse pedunculate co-
rymbs ; 11. G. Native
of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lobelia corym-
bosa, Hook, in bot. mag.
t. 2639. Flowers pure
white, richly dotted with
purple, capitate. Filaments and anthers combined ; the latter
bluish purple. Stigma capitate, surrounded by a circle of hairs.
Corymbose-flowered Pratia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI-
decumbent.
4 P. hedera'cea (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 212.) glabrous;
stems filiform, creeping; leaves on short petioles, orbicular, cre-
nately toothed. 1/ . F. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the
Uruquay, along with Hydrocotyle pusilla, and other parts of
Brazil. Corolla bluish, villous inside. Filaments ciliated inside.
Pedicels exceeding the leaves.
Ivy-like Pratia. PI. creeping.
5 P. begonia:f6lia ; leaves roundish-cordate, serrated, petio-
late, hairy on both surfaces, oblique at tbe base ; pedicels soli-
tary ; calycine segments linear-subulate ; stems filiform, creep-
ing, hairy. % . G. Native of Nipaul, at Suembu, in fields
near the town of Katmandu, and near water-courses and springs.
Lobelia begoniaefolia, Wall, in asiat. res. 13. p. 377. Hook,
bot. mag. with a figure. L. obliqua, Ham. mss. ex D. Don,
prod. fl. nep. p. 158. Herb rather canescent. Flowers small,
blue. Fruit round, fleshy, about tbe size of a pea, purple, with
numerous flattened brownish seeds attached to 2 thick septal
placentas.
Begonia-leaved Pratia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI.
creeping.
4 u 2
700
LOBELI ACE-iE. V. Pratia. VI. Tufa. VII. Siphocampylus.
6 P. radi'cans ; an annual, creeping, glabrous herb ; leaves
sessile, lanceolate, remotely serrulated ; pedicels axillary, soli-
tary, twice the length of the leaves. 1£. F. Native of China,
from which place it was accidentally introduced to the botanic
garden, Calcutta. Lobelia radicans, Willd. spec. 1. p. 948.
The plant spreads over the soil and roots at every branch. The
flowers are large for the size of the plant, of a pink colour.
Segments of the corolla equal, unilateral, and narrow-lanceolate,
with 2 green glands under the middle sinuses, opposite to the
long, green, 2-lobed stigma.
Rooting Pratia. PI. creeping.
7 P. Thunbe'rgii ; glabrous ; leaves sessile, decurrent, lan-
ceolate, undulated, serrated ; pedicels axillary, solitary, longer
than the leaves ; stems decumbent, rooting, filiform. 1/ . G.
Native of Japan. L. radicans, Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 830.
L. Erinus, Thunb. jap. p. 323. Flowers red.
T/iunberg’s Pratia. Pi. creeping.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for
the species of Pratia ; and they will easily be increased by divid-
ing at the root, or by seed.
VI. TU'PA ( Tupa is the Chili name of the first species).
Lobelia species of authors.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx adhering to the
spherical ovarium ; limb 5-cleft. Corolla long, inflated at the
base, cleft on the back its whole length, unilabiate ; limb divided
into 5 segments, which are all united at their tips. Stamens 5,
united into a tube; anthers cohering, all bearded, or only in 2
lower ones. Style protruding beyond the anthers ; stigma orbi-
cular, 2-lobed, not bearded. Capsule 3-celIed, 3-valved? cells
many-seeded. — Tall strong herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate,
ovate-lanceolate, downy. Flowers pedicellate, disposed in ter-
minal racemes, or solitary from the axils of the upper leaves.
Superior leaves sessile.
1 T. Feuillei ; stem erect, thick, suffruticose at the base,
simple, leafy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, decurrent, clothed
with soft whitish down ; raceme terminal, spicate. 1£.F. Na-
tive of Chili and Peru. Lobelia Tupa, Lin. spec. 1318. Sims,
bot. mag. 2550. Sweet, fl. gard. 284. Feuill. per. 2. p. 739.
t. 29. Corollas large, of a reddish scarlet colour, and are as well
as the peduncles and calyxes downy. This is a very poisonous
species, even the smell of the flowers will cause vomiting, ac-
cordingly Feuillee, and the milk of it, if by any accident it touches
the eyes, occasions blindness.
Feuillee' s Tupa. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1824. PI. 6 to 8 ft.
2 T. salicifolia ; leaves lanceolate, sessile, glabrous, serru-
lated, reticulated beneath ; pedicels axillary, bracteate, 1-
flowered, shorter than the leaves ; stem terete, filled with me-
dula, simple or branched. J? . F. Native of Chili, about Val-
paraiso. Lobelia Tupa, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 357. Lobelia
gigantea, Sims, bot. mag. 1325. Lobelia salicifolia, Sweet.
Corollas yellow at first, then orange, and finally blood-red.
Anthers hairy.
Willow-leaved Tupa. Fl. Oct. Nov. PI. 10 to 16 feet.
3 T. purpu'rea ; leaves lanceolate, serrulated, glabrous ;
flowers racemose ; calyx spherical, 5-toothed ; stem simple suf-
fruticose. Fj . F. Native of Chili, in the neighbourhood of
Valparaiso. Anthers hairy. Lobelia purpiirea, Lindl. bot. reg.
1325. Flowers fine purple.
Purple-ft owered Tupa. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1825. Fl. 3 to 4 feet.
4 T. argu'ta ; leaves linear-lanceolate, serrulated, quite gla-
brous on both surfaces ; pedicels axillary, shorter than the leaves ;
stem suffruticose, simple, glabrous. Fj . F. Native of Chili.
Lobelia argitta, Lindl. in bot. reg. 973. Pedicels bibracteate in
the middle. Corollas of a deep yellow colour. Tube of anthers
shorter than the style. Very like T. salicifolia.
(SAar/t-serrated-leaved Tupa. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 2 feet.
5 T. Cavanillesia'na : leaves sessile, ovate-oblong, serru-
lated, mucronate, downy, glaucous; stem villous; raceme short,
leafy ; corolla downy F? . F. Native of Chili, at the bottom
of Cuchu-Cucha. Lobelia mucronata, Cav. icon. 6. p. 11.
t. 516. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3207. Superior leaves cordate
at the base. Corolla scarlet, 2 inches long.
Cavanilles’s Tupa. Shrub 2 \ to 3 feet.
6 T. secu'nda ; glabrous ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, wrinkled
when dried, denticulated, with rather revolute edges ; racemes
terminal, secund, short ; pedicels rising from the axils of the
upper leaves or bracteas, which are small and linear ; column of
stamens much exserted ; two upper anthers bearded. Fj . G.
Native of Peru. Lobelia secunda, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb.
Leaves dense. Segments of calyx membranous.
6'ect/nrf-flowered Tupa. Shrub. ?
7 T. ova'ta ; glabrous ; leaves ovate, slightly and distantly
denticulated on the edges, wrinkled when dried ; raceme long,
terminal, dense, secund ; column of stamens much exserted ;
anthers bearded on the lower side. %. G. Native of Peru,
(v. s. in herb. Lamb.).
Oa«
terminal, rarely axillary ; pedicels usually furnished with three
bracteas.
This order is nearly allied to both Campanulacece and Goo-
denbviece, from both of which it is distinguished by the gynan-
drous stamens, and from the latter by the want of an indusium
to the stigma. The structure of the sexual organs is highly
curious ; the stamens and style are closely combined into a solid
irritable column, at the top of which is a cavity, including the
stigma, and bounded by the anthers.
Synopsis of the genera.
1 Styli'dium. Calyx 2-parted, bilabiate (f. 123. a.). Column
with a double flexure. Anthers 2-lobed (f. 123. d.) ; lobes
divaricate. Stigma undivided. Capsule 2-celled.
2 Levenhookia. Calyx 5-parted, bilabiate. Column erect,
adnate to the lower side of the tube. Lobes of anthers one above
the other, divaricate. Stigmas 2. Capsule 1-celled.
3 Forste'ra. Calyx double, both composed of 2-3 sepals.
1
Corolla tubularly campanulate, 5-6-parted. Column straight,
bearing 2 anthers. Stigmas 2. Capsule 1-celled.
1 STYLI'DIUM (from (ttvXoq, stylos, a column ; in refer-
ence to the stamens and style being combined into a column).
Swartz, in nov. act. nat. scrut. berol. ex Willd. spec. 4. p. 146.
Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 63. t. 213. p. 566. R. Br. prod. p. 566. —
Ventenatia, Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 13. t. 66. — Carulollea, Labill.
in ann. mus. 6. p. 414. t. 64. f. 2.
Lin. syst. Gynandria, Didndria. Calyx bilabiate (f. 123. «.).
Corolla irregular, 5-cleft (f. 123. b.); the fifth segment orlabel-
lum dissimilar to the others, deflexed, smaller, rarely stretched
out; the rest spreading, rarely joined by pairs. Column recli-
nate (f. 123. d.), with a double flexure. Anthers 2-lobed (f. 123.
d.) ; lobes divaricate. Stigma obtuse, undivided. Capsule 2-
celled, having the dissepiment sometimes incomplete above. —
Scapigerous or caulescent herbs or subshrubs. Radical leaves
crowded, sometimes attenuated into the petioles ; cauline ones
scattered, and sometimes verticillate, often small and bractea-
formed, rarely cirrhose at the apex or loosened at the base.
Inflorescence variable. Outer lip of calyx bidentate or bipartite,
inner one tridentate or tripartite. Corollas purple, white, viola-
ceous, rarely yellow, usually beset with pili on the outside, which
are tipped with capitate glands : tube twisted at the base, some-
times very short ; throat usually crowned by teeth or glands,
but sometimes naked : the 4 larger segments of the limb ap-
proximating by pairs, one of the pair often smaller than the
other. Labellum or lip narrower than the other segments, op-
posite the front of the calyx, but from the contortion of the tube
has at length become lateral, with its disk often thickened, and
rather convex inside, usually appendiculated by a small segment
on each side, hut sometimes simple. Column linear, longer than
the limb of the corolla, on the same side as the labellum, ex-
serted, reclinate, having the outer bend so irritable that if touch-
ed with a pin it instantly starts from its place to the opposite
side of the flower with great impetuosity. Anthers dehiscing
lengthwise. Stigma at first obsolete, and hidden by the incum-
bent anthers, but exserted at length, and sometimes hispid or
papulose.
Sect. I. Ventena'tia. Capsule ventricose, subovate, some-
times spherical or oblong.
§ 1. Scales scarious. Leaves radical, attenuated at the base,
Outer lip of calyx 2-parted, inner one tripartite. — Scapigerous
herbs, with racemose flowers.
1 S. pilosum (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 63. t. 213.) scape a little
branched, clothed with glandular pubescence ; leaves flat, lan-
ceolate-ensiform. If . G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. Flowers pale red.
Pilose Stylidium. PI. \ \ foot.
2 S. reduplica'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 568.) scape beset with
acute hairs ; racemes a little branched ; leaves narrow, ensiform,
reduplicate, with broader scales outside. If . G. Native of
New Holland, on the southern coast. Flowers red or pink?
Reduplicate- leaved Stylidium. PI. \ to 1 foot.
3 S. hirsu'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 568.) scape beset with acute
hairs ; raceme nearly simple ; leaves linear, with rather revolute
edges; scales distinct. 7/. G. Native of New Holland, on
the south coast. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3194. Corolla of a pur-
plish rose-colour.
Hairy Stylidium. Fl. May. Clt. 1830. PI. § to •§• foot.
§ 2. Leaves radical, crowded, without scales. Outer lip of
calyx bidentate, inner one tridentate. Scapes leafless.
4 S. umbella'tum (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 66. t. 217.)
720
STYLIDE7E. I. Stylidium.
racemes of scape umbellate, involucrated. G. Native of
Van Diemen’s Land.
Umbellate-flowered Stylidium. PI. 1^- foot.
5 S. arme'ria (Labill. nov. boll. 2. p. 66. t. 216.) leaves
linear, ensifonn, with quite entire margins; scape glabrous;
raceme simple, downy; lip of corolla appendiculated. 7/ . G.
Native of Van Diemen’s Land. Perhaps the same as the fol-
lowing.
Thrift-like Stylidium. PI. 1 foot.
6 S. mela'stachys (R. Br. prod. p. 568.) leaves linear, with
rather revolute smooth margins ; scape rather pilose ; spike
simple, beset with glandular hairs ; flowers imbricate, almost
sessile ; lip of corolla appendiculate at the base. 7(. . G. Native
of Van Diemen’s Land. The leaves are sometimes beset with
a few denticulations.
Blaclc-spiked Stylidium. PI. 1 foot.
7 S. graminifoeium (Swartz, in nov. act. scrut. berol. ex
Willd. spec. 4. p. 146.) leaves linear, with denticulated edges;
raceme subspicate, simple, and is as well as the scape beset with
glandular hairs; lip of corolla appendiculate at the base. 1/ . G.
Native of New South Wales and Van Diemen’s Land. Ker. bot.
reg. t. 90. Ventenatia major, Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 13. t. 66.
Candollea serrulata, Labill. in aim. mus. 6. p. 414. t. 64. f. 2.
Flowers purplish red.
Grass-leaved Stylidium. FI. April, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 ft.
8 S. linea're (Swartz, 1. c.) leaves compressed, filiform,
1-1-J inch long, with denticulated margins; raceme simple; pe-
dicels equal in length to the ovarium ; scape glabrous, filiform ;
lip of corolla appendiculate at the base. G. Native of
New South Wales, about Port Jackson. R. Br. prod. p. 568.
Ventenhtia minor, Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 15. t. 67. Flowers
purple or red.
LinearAeaved Stylidium. FI. June, July. Clt. 1812. PI.
1 foot.
9 S. seta'ceum (Labill. nov. boll. 2. p. 65.) leaves setaceous,
mucronulate, an inch long ; raceme simple, subspicate ; scape
quite glabrous ; capsule clavate-oblong ; lip of corolla inappen-
diculate. 1/. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Flowers red.
Setaceous-leaved Stylidium. PI. 1 foot.
§ 3. Leaves radical, crowded, without scales. Scape leafless or
with a few very small scattered leaves. Outer lip of calyx bi-
partite, inner one tripartite.
10 S. spinulosum (R. Br. prod. p. 569.) leaves linear, mu-
cronate, attenuated at the base, with spinulose edges ; scape
clothed with glandular pubescence ; raceme simple, rarely sub-
corymbose ; throat of corolla crowned : lip inappendiculate.
11 . G. Native of New Plolland, on the south coast.
SpinuloseAeaved Stylidium. PI.
1 1 S. ccespitosum (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear, glabrous, seta-
ceously mucronate, with quite entire edges ; raceme often
divided ; rachis and scape glabrous ; throat of corolla naked ;
lip appendiculate. %. G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast.
Tufted Stylidium. PI. tufted.
12 S. pili'ferum (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, gla-
brous, piliferous, with entire margins; raceme simple; rachis
downy ; scape glabrous ; throat of corolla naked ; lip appendi-
culate. 7/. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Piliferous Stylidium. PI.
13 S. assi'mile (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves narrow-spatulate, gla-
brous, thickish, with quite entire margins ; raceme divided a
little ; rachis and scape downy ; throat of corolla naked ; lip
appendiculate. G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast.
Similar Stylidium. PI.
14 S. spatula'tum (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves spatulate, clothed
with glandular pubescence on both surfaces, with quite entire
edges ; raceme many-flowered, and is as well as the radical
scape glabrous ; throat of corolla crowned ; lip appendiculate.
%. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
SpatulateAeaved Stylidium. PI. ^ to 1 foot.
15 S. glau'cum (Labill. nov. boll. 2. p. 64. t. 214.? R. Br.
1. c.) leaves lanceolate-spatulate, clothed with glandular down
on both surfaces, with quite entire edges ; raceme few-flowered,
subcorymbose, glabrous ; scape furnished with a few leaves.
. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Perhaps
the plant of Labillardiere is referrible to the following.
Glaucous Stylidium. PI. A foot.
16 S. eriorhi zum (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves spatulate, setace-
ously mucronate, glabrous on both surfaces, but tomentose on
the margins ; raceme somewhat panicled, and is as well as the
scape clothed with glandular down ; root thick, woolly ; throat
of corolla naked ; lip appendiculate. !{.. G. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Woolly-rooted Stylidium. PI.
17 S. floribu'ndum (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oblong, glabrous on
both surfaces, with quite entire margins ; scapes numerous, pa-
nicled, w oolly from acute villi ; throat of corolla naked ; lip ap-
pendiculate. 11 . G. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic.
Bundle-flowered Stylidium. PI.
18 S. ju'nceum (R. Br. 1. c.) radical leaves linear, those of
the scape minute, distant, and are as well as the bracteas adnate
to the middle ; calycine segments subulate, simple at the base ;
throat of corolla crowned by stipitate glands : lip inappendiculate.
G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Scape
straight, glabrous.
Rushy Stylidium. FI. Sept. Clt. 1830. PI. 2 feet.
19 S. vioea'ceum (R. Br. 1. c.) radical leaves narrow, linear,
those of the scape, which is quite glabrous, small and adpressed,
and are as well as the bracteas sessile ; calycine segments gib-
bous at the base ; throat of corolla crowned ; lip inappendicu-
late. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Flowers violaceous.
Violaceous- flowered Stylidium. PI.
§ 4. Leaves of scape or stem verticillate. Outer lip of calyx
bipartite, inner one tripartite.
20 S. lu'teum (R. Br. prod. p. 570.) scape inarticulated, gla-
brous ; whorles of leaves 1-2 on each scape, besides some scat-
tered leaves at the top ; radical leaves linear ; calycine segments
rather gibbous at the base ; throat of corolla crowned : lip inap-
pendiculate. 7/. G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast. Flowers yellow'.
Fe//ow-flowered Stylidium. PI.
21 S. amce'num (R. Br. prod. p. 570.) scape inarticulate, gla-
brous, furnished with one whorl of leaves beyond the middle,
without any scattered leaves above the whorl ; radical leaves
spatulate, acuminated ; throat of corolla crowned : lip inappen-
diculate. % . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Flowers red ?
Pleasant Stylidium. PI.
22 S. articula'tum (R. Br. 1. c.) scape furnished with 2
joints, and 2 whorles of leaves ; radical leaves spatulate, coria-
ceous : lip of corolla inappendiculate. 7/ . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast.
/ointed-scaped Stylidium. PI. \ foot ?
23 S. diveusif6lium (R. Br. 1. c.) scape straight, inarticu-
lated, furnished with 3-4 whorles of filiform leaves : radical
STYLIDEtE. I. Sxylidium.
721
leaves lanceolate ; throat of corolla crowned : lip appendiculate.
7/ . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Diverse-leaved Stylidium. PI. 1 foot?
24 S. sca'ndens (R. Br. 1. c.) stem scandent; leaves linear,
spiral, and cirrhose at the apex ; throat of corolla crowned : lip
appendiculate; column downy above. "If. w. G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast. Flowers lilac or rose-
coloured. Leaves whorled.
Climbing Stylidium. FI. July, Nov. Clt. 1803. PI. cl.
§ 5. Stem shrubby. Leaves numerous, scattered.
25 S. fruticosum (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves narrow-linear, decur-
rent, glabrous ; throat of corolla half crowned : lip appendicu-
late. Jj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Stylidium glandulosum, Salisb. par. t. 77. Flowers pink.
Shrubby Stylidium. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1
to l-£ foot.
26 S. tenuifolium (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves setaceously linear,
sessile, rather hairy ; throat of corolla naked: lip appendiculate.
G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Sims, bot. mag. 2249. L. laricifdlium, Rich. Flowers pink.
Fine-leaved Stylidium. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft.
larger segments of the limb of the corolla obovate : smaller ones
linear ; throat naked ; lip inappendiculate, adnate to the tube at
the base. 1£. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast,
in inundated places.
Inundated Stylidium. PI. 1^ inch.
34 S. despe'ctum (R. Br. 1. c.) stem parted, an inch and a
half high ; branches few-flowered ; leaves linear ; segments of
the limb linear-oblong, rather unequal ; throat naked ; lip inap-
pendiculate, adnate to the tube at the base. 7/. G. Native of
Van Diemen’s Land. Very like S. inundatum.
Despised Stylidium. PI. 1-^ inch high.
35 S. diffu'sum (R. Br. 1. c.) stem branched, diffuse, fili-
form ; leaves linear : cauline ones distant ; the 2 larger seg-
ments of the limb bifid ; throat crowned ; lip inappendiculate,
adnate to the tube at the base. 7/ . S. Native of New Holland,
within the tropic.
Diffuse Stylidium. PI. diffuse.
36 S. pygjvee'um (R. Br. 1. c.) stem simple, erect, an inch
high, 2-3-flowered ; leaves linear ; lips of calyx parted ; seg-
ments of the limb entire ; throat naked ; lip inappendiculate.
7/ . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Pygmy Stylidium. PI. 1 inch.
§ 6. Tube of corolla very short. Lip of corolla stretched out.
27 S. calcara'tum (R. Br. 1. c.) plant small; stem few-
flowered ; leaves oval ; corolla with a naked throat, and rather
toothed segments : lip inappendiculate. 7/ . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast.
Spurred Stylidium. PI. small.
Sect. II. Andersonia. J. G. Koenig, mss. ex R. Br. prod,
p. 570. Capsules linear, or linear-lanceolate.
§ 1. Scapigerous. Flowers spicate or corymbose, rarely almost
solitary.
28 S. capilla're (R. Br. 1. c.) scape capillary, 1-2 inches
high, 1-2-flowered ; leaves radical oval ; calyx glabrous, very
tjcute ; limb tripartite, with the middle segment bifid ; throat of
corolla crowned; lip inappendiculate. If. G. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic.
Capillary- scaped Stylidium. PI. 2 inches.
29 S. tene'llum (R. Br. prod. p. 571.) scape capillary ; spike
few-flowered ; leaves radical roundish ; lips of calyx parted,
glandular ; the 2 larger segments of the limb of the corolla
semi-bifid; throat naked : lip inappendiculate. 7/ . G. Native
of New Holland, within the tropic.
Slender Stylidium. PI. foot.
30 S. rotundifolium (R. Br. 1. c.) scape capillary, 1-4-
flowered ; leaves radical roundish ; lips of calyx undivided ; 4 of
the segments of the limb of the corolla nearly equal ; throat
naked. It - G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Round-leaved Stylidium. PI. -y to \ foot?
31 S. crassifolium (R. Br. 1. c.) scape terete, 1-2 feet high ;
spike racemose, elongated ; leaves radical lanceolate, elongated.
7£. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Thick-leaved Stylidium. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
32 S. corymeosum (R. Br. 1. c.) scape terete, 2-3 inches high,
corymbiferous ; leaves radical linear, ending each in a setaceous
mucrone ; lips of calyx parted. 1£.G. Native of New Holland,
on the south coast.
Corymbose- dowered Stylidium. PI. ^ foot.
§ 2. Caulescent plants. Flowers alternate or solitary. Cap-
sules terete-linear, the same breadth at the apex.
33 S. inunda'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 571.) stem branched, an
inch and a half high, leafy below the division ; leaves linear ;
VOL. III.
§ 3. Peduncles \-fiowered from the axils of the leaves or lop of
the scape or branches, which are crowded. Capsule nearly
terete, not tapering at the top.
37 S. re'pens (R. Br. prod. p. 571.) stem creeping ; branches
ascending ; leaves subulate, adnate : upper ones much crowded ;
throat of corolla crowned ; lip inappendiculate. 1£.G. Native
of New Holland, on the south coast.
Creeping Stylidium. PI. creeping.
38 S. gutta'tum (R. Br. 1. c.) scape simple; flowers nearly
sessile, in fascicles ; bracteas foliaceous ; throat of corolla crown-
ed : lip appendiculate; leaves radical linear. If. G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast.
Spolted-dowered Stylidium. PI. \ foot. ?
39 S. peduncui.a'tum (R. Br. 1. c.) scape simple ; flowers
umbellate ; pedicels capillary ; leaves of involucrum linear ;
segments of the limb of the corolla unequal ; throat naked ; lip
inappendiculate; leaves radical lanceolate. If. S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic.
Pedunculate Stylidium. Pi.
§ 4. Racemes terminating the leafy stems. Capsule compres-
sed, lanceolate or linear, constricted at the neck.
40 S. brevisca'pum (R. Br. prod. p. 572.) stem simple;
leaves compressed, filiform : upper ones much crowded ; raceme
pedunculate, rather panicled, having the rachis villous ; capsule
lanceolate, equal-valved, downy.
bL . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast.
Short-scaped Stylidium. PI.
| foot.
41 S. fascicula'tum (R. Br.
1. c.) stem branched a little, gla-
brous ; leaves linear ; spikes pe-
dunculate, subracemose, having
the rachis glabrous ; capsule lan-
ceolate, having both the cells
seminiferous. . G. Native of
New Holland, on the south
coast. Lindl. bot. reg. 1459.
Flowers pink. (f. 123.)
Fascicled - leaved Stylidium.
FI. Aug. Clt. 1830. Shrub ^ ft.
42 S. falca'tum (R. Br. 1. c.
4 Z
FIG. 123.
722
STYLIDE7E. I. Stylidium. II. Levenhookia, III. Forstera. GOODENOVIiE.
well as the rachis downy ; leaves linear ; spike pedunculate, sub-
racemose ; capsule divaricate, lanceolate, with both the cells
seminiferous, the superior one one-half narrower than the other,
and closed. . G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast. Flowers pink ?
Falcate Stylidium. Shrub ^ foot.
43 S. adna'tum (R. Br. 1. c.) stem multiple ; branches un-
divided; leaves linear; spike almost sessile, divided, with the di-
visions few-flowered ; capsule linear, adnate at the base, having
the neck shorter than the calyx : the superior cell empty, and
very narrow. ©. G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast. Lindl. hot. reg. t. 914. Flowers pink.
Adnate-\ea,xe& Stylidium. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. ft.
44 S. propinquum (R. Br. 1. c.) stem multiple ; partial ones
divided in an umbellate manner ; leaves linear ; spikes sessile,
nearly simple; capsule adnate at the base, linear, having the
neck equal in length to the calyx : the superior cell very narrow
and empty. ©.? . ? G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. Flowers pink. Very nearly allied to the pre-
ceding.
Allied Stylidium. PI. -§• foot.
§5. Limb of corolla bipartite : lobes bifid. Capsule linear.
45 S. alsin oides (R. Br. prod. p. 572.) stem erect; leaves
ovate ; floral ones opposite ; flowers axillary, sessile, solitary,
bractless. 1/.? S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Chickme ecl-like Stylidium. PI. ^ to foot?
Cult. All the species of this genus are rare, elegant, and
singular. The best soil for them is a mixture of sand, loam,
and peat. Some of the species may be increased by parting at
the root ; but most of them by seed. Cuttings of the shrubby
kinds strike root readily under a hand-glass either in sand or
mould.
II. LEVENHOOKIA (named in memory of Anthony Van
Leeuwenhoek, a celebrated micrographist, whose numerous
works and observations on the structure of plants are still ex-
tant). R. Br. prod. p. 572.
Lin. syst. Gyndndria, Diandria. Calyx 5-parted, bilabiate.
Limb of corolla 5-parted, irregular: the fifth segment or lip
dissimilar to the others, arched, and longer than the column,
articulated with the tube, moveable. Column erect, adnate to the
side of the tube where the labellum is. Lobes of anthers one
above the other, divaricate. Stigmas 2, capillary. Capsule 1-
celled. — A small glabrous plant, with the habit of Radiola mille-
grana. Leaves alternate, petiolate, crowded at the tops of the
branches, intermixed with fascicles of flowers. The irritability
of the joint of the lip is analogous to that of the column in
Stylidium, and answers the same end, the protection of the
sexual organs at the time of flowering. In Levenhookia the
labellum is deflexed when the flower is expanded, but from,
its irritability when touched it rises up, and is applied with great
force to the erect immoveable column, which it covers by its
spoon-shaped lamina.
1 L. pusi'lla (R. Br. prod. p. 578.) ©.? G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast.
T^east Levenhookia. PI. 1 to 2 inches.
Cult. See Stylidium above for culture and propagation.
III. FORSTE'RA (in honour of John Reinald Forster, and
his son George Forster, who both accompanied Captain Cook
in his second voyage in the quality of naturalists). Lin. nov. act.
ups. 3. t. 9. Swartz, in Schrad. journ. 1799. 1. t. 1,2. f. 2. —
Phyllachne, Forst. char. p. 58.
Lin. syst. Gyndndria, Diandria. Calyx superior, of 2-3
sepals, girded by an involucrum composed of 2-3 leaves.
Corolla tubularly campanulate, 5-6-parted. Column of genitals
straight, bearing 2 2-celled anthers^ at top, which dehisce trans-
versely. Stigmas 2, roundish, covered by the revolute valves
of the anthers. Capsule inferior, 1 -celled, many-seeded. Pla-
centa central, free.
1 F. edifolia (Lin. nov. act. ups. 3. t. 9.) leaves imbricated,
ovate-oblong, coriaceous, marginated, smooth, recurved ; pe-
duncles terminal, solitary, elongated, 1-flowered ; involucrum
short, spreading. Tj • G. Native of New Zealand.
Edible-leaved Forstera. Shrub.
2 F. muscifolia (Swartz, in Schrad. journ. 1779. 1. t. 1, 2.
f. 2.) leaves imbricated, erect, lanceolate, triquetrous, and mu-
cronated at the apex, having the keel and margins serrulated ;
flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ; involucrum exceeding the
calyx. . G. Native of Terra del Fuego. Phyllachne
uliginosa, Forst. char. p. 58. and Lin. fil. suppl.
Moss-leaved Forstera. Shrub.
Cult. See Stylidium above for culture and propagation.
Order CXXXVI. GOODENO'VI^ (this order contains
plants agreeing with Goodenia in important characters). R. Br.
prod. p. 573. — Genera of Campanulaceae, Juss.
Calyx superior (f. 124. a.) or semi-superior (f. 126. a.), rarely
inferior, 5-cleft (f. 124. a. f. 125. a.), sometimes 5-3-parted,
sometimes short, entire, and sometimes obsolete, usually equal,
rarely unequal, permanent. Corolla monopetalous (f. 124. b.
f. 125. h.), more or less irregular, deciduous or marcescent ;
tube cleft on the back (f. 125. h.), sometimes 5-parted, and
only adhering with the ovarium at the base, while that of the
calyx is free; limb 5-parted (f. 124. b. f. 125. A.), bilabiate
(f. 124. b.), or unilabiate (f. 126. b.); disks of the segments
lanceolate, flat : having the sides thinner in texture and elevated,
induplicate in aestivation, rarely obsolete or wanting. Stamens
5, free ; from the corolla and style (f. 125. c.), alternating with
the segments of the corolla; filaments distinct (f. 125. c.);
anthers distinct or cohering, linear, vertical, fixed by the base,
undivided, 2-celled ; cells dehiscing lengthwise ; pollen usu-
ally simple, but sometimes compound. Ovarium 1 -2-celled,
rarely 4-celled, sometimes furnished with a gland between
the 2 anterior filaments; ovula definite or indefinite. Style 1,
simple, rarely divided ; stigma fleshy, obtuse, or 2-lobed, girded
by a rather membranous, entire or 2-lobed, cup-shaped indu-
sium. Capsule 2-celled or half 2-celled, (rarely 4-celled) ; dis-
sepiment usually parallel, rarely contrary to the valves, which
are entire or bipartite ; having the axis seminiferous when the
seeds are indefinite: but when the seeds are definite, there is one
in each cell. Seeds sometimes nucumentaceous, but usually
with a thickish testa. Albumen fleshy, conforming to the seeds,
rarely deficient. Embryo erect, almost the length of the albu-
men, with middle-sized usually foliaceous cotyledons, and an
inconspicuous plumule. — Non-lactescent herbs or shrubs, usu-
ally clothed with simple and sometimes with glandular down,
rarely with stellate down. Leaves scattered, exstipulate, sim-
ple, usually undivided, sometimes lobed, and often toothed.
Inflorescence terminal or axillary, variable. Flowers distinct,
rarely aggregate, yellow, blue, and purplish, rarely reddish.
Nearly related to Campanulacece and Lobeliacece, from which
it differs in the aestivation of the flower, and in the peculiar in-
1
GOODENOVIAi. I. Goodenia.
723
dusium to the stigma, and which exists in a remarkable degree
in the sect. Brunoniece. Upon the nature of the indusium of the
stigma, Mr. Brown makes the following remarks : — “ Is this
remarkable covering of the stigma merely a process of the apex
of the style ? or is it a part of distinct origin, though intimately
cohering with the pistillum ? On the latter supposition, may it
not be considered as analogous to the glandular disk, surround-
ing or crowning the ovarium in many other families ? And in
j adopting the hypothesis I have formerly advanced, respecting
the nature of this disk in certain families — merely that it is com-
i posed of a series of modified stamina — has not the part in ques-
| tion a considerable resemblance, in apparent origin and division,
! to the stamina of the nearly-related family Stylidece ? To render
this supposition somewhat less paradoxical, let the comparison
be made especially between the indusium of Brundnia and the
i imperfect anthers in the female flowers of Forstera. Lastly,
connected with this view, it becomes of importance to ascertain
i whether the stamina in Stylidece are opposite to the segments of
the calyx or corolla. The latter disposition would be in favour
of the hypothesis. This, however, is a point which will not be
very easily determined, the stamina being lateral. In the mean-
time, the existence and division of the corona faucis in Styli-
diurn render it not altogether improbable that they are opposite
to the segments of the corolla.” R. Br. in Lin. trans. 12.
p. 134.
Synopsis of the genera .
Tribe I.
Goodeniece. Seeds indefinite.
1 Goode'nia. Calyx superior; limb 5-parted (f. 124. a.),
with equal segments. Anthers distinct. Style simple. Cap-
j sule 2-celled (rarely 4-celled), with a parallel dissepiment, which
I in some species is short. Seeds imbricated, compressed. Corolla
bilabiate, rarely unilabiate (f. 124. c.).
2 Distylis. Calyx superior, with a 5-parted limb. Corolla
deciduous, having the tube cleft on the upper side, with a 5-
parted, spreading, sub-bilabiate limb. Stamens distinct. Style
bipartite. Indusium of stigma cup-shaped, and ciliated. Cap-
sule half bilocular. Seeds imbricated, compressed, bordered.
3 Calogyne. Calyx superior, with an equal 5-parted limb.
Corolla bilabiate. Anthers distinct. Style trifid. Gland epi-
gynous between the 2 lower filaments. Capsule almost 1-
celled, from the dissepiment being short. Seeds imbricated,
compressed.
4 Eutha'ees. Calyx inferior, with an unequal 5-cleft limb.
Corolla adhering to the tube below the ovarium, cleft on the
upper side, with a bilabiate limb. Style undivided. Indusium
of stigma bilabiate. Capsule 4-valved, 2-celled at the base.
Seeds imbricated, compressed.
5 Velle'ia. Calyx inferior, of 3-5 unequal leaves. Corolla
having the base of the tube adnate to the ovarium, and cleft on
the upper side at the apex ; limb bilabiate. Anthers distinct.
Style undivided. Gland epigynous between the 2 anterior fila-
ments. Capsule 2-celled at the base ; valves bipartite. Seeds
imbricated, compressed.
6 Lechenax/ltia. Calyx superior (f. 125. a.). Corolla
with the tube cleft on the upper side (f. 125. /«.). Anthers at
first cohering. Stigma obsolete, bilabiate (f. 125. d.), in the
bottom of the indusium. Capsule prismatic, 2 celled, 4-valved.
Seeds cubical or nucumentaceous.
7 Anthotium. Calyx superior, 5-parted. Corolla having
the tube cleft on the upper side, and the limb bilabiate ; seg-
ments of the upper lip auricled on the inner side. Anthers
cohering. Ovarium 2-celled, many-seeded. Indusium of stigma
contrary to the lips of the corolla.
Tribe II.
Sc^vole^:. Seeds definite. Drupe inferior.
8 Scasvola. Corolla cleft on the upper side, exceeding the
genitals ; limb unilabiate, secund, 5-parted, with equal w’inged
segments. Anthers free. Indusium of stigma ciliated.
9 Diaspa'sis. Corolla nearly regular, salver-shaped ; tube 5-
parted, inclosing the genitals. Anthers free. Ovarium 1 -celled,
2-seeded. Indusium of the stigma with a naked border. Nut
corticate.
10 Dampie'ra. Corolla bilabiate (f. 126. a.), having the
tube cleft on the upper side (f. 125. d.) ; segments of the upper
lip auricled on the inner margin. Anthers cohering (f. 126. d.).
Ovarium 1-seeded. Indusium of the stigma with a naked border,
(f. 126. c.). Nut crustaceous.
Tribe III.
Brunoniece. Utriculus superior, 1-seeded.
11 Brunonia. Heads of flowers involucrated. Calyx 5-
cleft, and furnished with 4 bracteas. Corolla monopetalous,
funnel-shaped ; limb 5-parted, having the 2 superior segments
more deeply divided. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Anthers con-
nate. Indusium of stigma 2-valved. Utriculus inclosed within
the indurated tube of the calyx.
Triee IV.
Campanie'cE. Corolla campanulate, regular. Capsule 3-4-
celled, many-seeded.
12 Pentaphra'gma. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla 5-lobed, re-
gular. Stamens 5. Indusium of stigma 3-lobed.
Tribe I.
GOODENIE'jE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Goodenia, in the capsules being many-seeded). Capsules
2-celled, containing an indefinite number of seeds.
I. GOODE'NIA (named in honour of Dr. Goodenough, bi-
shop of Carlisle, a lover of natural history, and author of a
Monograph of the genus Carex, published in the Linnaean Tran-
sactions). Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 347. Labill. nov. holl. 1.
p. 52. t. 75. II. Br. prod. p. 575.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx superior, with a
5-parted limb (f. 124. a.) and equal segments. Anthers dis-
tinct. Style simple. Capsule 2-celled (rarely 4-celled), with
a parallel dissepiment, which is sometimes short. Seeds im-
bricated, compressed. — Herbs, rarely subshrubs, usually cau-
lescent. Leaves alternate, entire, toothed or cut. Flowers
4 z 2
724
GOODENOVIjE. I. Goodenia.
axillary or terminal ; pedicels bibracteate or bractless. Corollas
usually yellow, although sometimes blue and purplish, bilabiate,
rarely unilabiate ; segments winged, rarely wingless ; wings in-
duplicate in aestivation ; tube sometimes furnished with a little
nectariferous sack, which is opposite to the fissure of the corolla,
adnate to the ovarium. Anthers cohering before expansion,
beardless, rarely bearded at the apex. Capsule variable in
form, with the top for the most part superior ; valves entire or
bipartite.
Sect. I. Ocfirosa'nthus (from wxP°e> ochros, yellow, and
aydoQ, antlios, a flower; colour of flowers). Corolla bilabiate,
yellow; segments winged. Capsule 2-celled, or almost 1 -celled
from the dissepiment being short. Stigma parallel with the lips
of the corolla.
§ 1. Peduncles terminal , spicate or panicled ; pedicels bibrac-
teate.
1 G. bellidifoli a (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 349.) stem
naked ; spike nearly simple, downy ; corolla clothed with simple
down outside ; radical leaves flat, lanceolate-spatulate, toothed
or cut. If. G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jack-
son. R. Br. prod. p. 573. Corolla yellow.
Daisy-leaved Goodenia. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
to foot.
2 G. stellioera (R. Br. prod. p. 575.) stem nearly
naked ; spike almost simple, downy ; corolla clothed with simple
hairs and stellate down outside ; valves of capsule bipartite ;
radical leaves fleshy, semi-terete or linear, glabrous, a little
toothed at the apex. 1/ . G. Native of New South Wales, about
Port Jackson. Corolla yellow.
Stellate- haired Goodenia. PI. \ to foot.
3 G. panicula'ta (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 348. R. Br.
prod. p. 575.) stem few-leaved; panicle almost simple, downy ;
ovarium beset with glandular and simple hairs ; radical leaves
long-lanceolate, a little toothed or cut. If. G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson. Cav. icon. 6. p. 5. t. 507.
Corollas yellow.
Panicled-ftowered Goodenia. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI.
1 foot.
4 G. hu'milis (R. Br. prod. p. 575.) stem few-leaved ; panicle
simple, downy ; ovarium beset with acute hairs ; radical leaves
long-lanceolate, a little toothed. 7/. G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast. Corollas yellow.
Humble Goodenia. PI. foot.
5 G. gra'cilis (R. Br. 1. c.) plant glabrous; stem few-leaved;
panicle simple ; ovaries glabrous ; corolla clothed with glandular
down outside ; radical leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated, thick-
ish. 7/ . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Lodd.
hot. cab. t. 1032. Corollas yellow.
Slender Goodenia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI l|ft.
6 G. deci/rrens (R. Br. 1. c.) plant quite glabrous ; stem
many-leaved ; spike racemose, divided a little at the base ; co-
rolla downy outside ; cauline leaves oblong, toothed, decurrent.
If. G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Corollas
yellow.
Decurrent-leaxeA Goodenia. PI. 1 foot. ?
§ 2. Peduncles axillary, trifid or simple ; pedicels bibrac-
teolate.
7 G. acumina'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 575.) suffruticose, erect,
glabrous, painted ; peduncles trifid or trichotomous ; leaves
ovate, acuminated, dentately serrated, with beardless axils ;
calycine segments flat, one-half shorter than the capsule, which
is prismatic ; seeds disposed in 2 rows. T? . G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson. Corollas yellow. Like the
following, and probably only a variety of it.
Acuminated- leaved Goodenia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
8 G. ova'ta (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 347. R. Br. 1. c.)
suffruticose, erect, glabrous, sometimes painted ; peduncles trifid
or trichotomous ; leaves ovate, acute, dentately serrated, bearded
in the axils ; calycine segments subulately filiform, a little shorter
than the capsule, which is linear ; seeds disposed in one series.
Tj . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson and the
south coast, as well as of Van Diemen’s Land. Andr. bot. rep.
t. 68. Vent. cels. t. 3. and in mem. de 1’ institut. sc. phys. 2.
p. 321. pi. 10. Cav. icon. 6. p. 4. t. 506. Corollas yellow.
Ocate-leaved Goodenia. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1793. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
9 G. va'ria (R. Br. prod. p. 576.) suffruticose, glabrous;
peduncles trifid or simple ; leaves obovate and obtuse, or ovate
and acutish, toothed, coriaceous, with naked axils ; calycine seg-
ments shorter than the stamens ; corollas and styles glabrous ;
capsule ovate. T? . G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast. Corollas yellow.
Far. a ; leaves obovate and oval, a little toothed, attenuated at
the base ; branches flexuous ; stems diffuse.
Far. (3 ; leaves roundish, almost sessile, toothed ; peduncles
usually 1-flowered; stems depressed.
Far. y ; leaves oval, acutish, toothed ; peduncles 3-flowered ;
stem erect.
Fariable Goodenia. Shrub \ to 2 feet.
10 G. grandiflora (Sims, bot. mag. 890. R. Br. prod. 576.)
plant herbaceous, erect, clothed with glandular pubescence;
peduncles trifid, trichotomous or simple ; branches angularly
striated ; lower leaves lyrate : rameal ones rather ovate, acute ;
style longitudinally woolly. 7/ . G. Native of New South V ales,
about Port Jackson. Corollas yellow.
Great-flowered Goodenia. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI.
2 to 3 feet.
11 G. heterophy'lla (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 349. K.
Br. prod. p. 576.) plant herbaceous, erectish, downy, intermixed
with glandless hairs ; leaves ovate, cut or lobed ; bracteas one-
half shorter than the upper half of the one-flowered peduncle ;
style glabrous. 7/ . G. Native of New South W ales, about
Port Jackson. Cav. icon. 6. p. 6. t. 508. Corollas pale red.
Farious-leaved Goodenia. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 ft.
12 G. rotundifolia (R. Br. prod. 576.) plant herbaceous,
erectish ; leaves roundish, deeply serrated, membranous ; brac-
teas longer than the upper half of the one-flowered peduncle ;
styles glabrous; capsules ovate. 7/. G. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson; and of New Holland, within the
tropic. Corollas yellow.
Far. a ; plant quite glabrous, erectish.
Far. (3 ; plant downy ; hairs simple, sometimes diffuse.
Round-leaved Goodenia. PI. 1 foot.
13 G. barba'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 576.) plant herbaceous?
erect, clothed with glandular down, scabrous ; leaves lanceolate-
linear, entire ; peduncles 1-flowered ; throat of corolla bearded;
styles longitudinally hairy; capsule 1-celled, 2-3-seeded. If-
G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson, and of
Van Diemen’s Land. Corollas yellow.
Bearded Goodenia. PI. 1 foot. ?
14 G. lana'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 577.) plant herbaceous,
downy, glandless, almost stemless ; branches prostrate ; leaves
obovate or oval, obtuse, a little toothed, hairy; young leaves and
ovaria woolly; peduncles scape-formed ; corolline segments cili-
ated on the margins. 7f . G. Native of Van Diemen’s Land.
Corollas yellow.
Woolly Goodenia. PI. prostrate.
15 G. genicula'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, downy,
GOODENOVIAL I. Goodenia.
glandless ; stem erect, sometimes short ; leaves long-lanceolate,
a little toothed ; peduncles scape-formed, elongated, when bear-
ing the fruit geniculately compressed. 2f. G. Native of New
Holland, on the South Coast.
GewicwfaiecLpeduncled Goodenia. PI. 1 foot. ?
16 G. hedera'cea (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 349. R. Br.
1. c.) plant herbaceous, downy, glandless, almost stemless ;
branches filiform, prostrate ; leaves oval, toothed ; radical leaves
sometimes lobed ; peduncles 1-3-flowered; corolline segments
naked on the margins. If . G. Native of New South Wales,
about Port Jackson, and of Van Diemen’s Land. Corollas yellow.
Ivy-like Goodenia. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. prostrate.
17 G. gla'bra (R. Br. prod. p. 577.) plant herbaceous, gla-
brous, almost stemless ; branches prostrate ; radical leaves
somewhat oval and spatulate, few-toothed : rameal leaves almost
sessile; pedicels 1 -flowered; corollas glabrous outside. If.
G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Corollas yellow.
Glabrous Goodenia. PI. prostrate.
§ 3. Peduncles bractless , axillary or terminal, 1 -flowered.
18 G. mollis (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles axillary; leaves ovate,
subcordate, acute, serrated, villous, soft ; tube of corolla sac-
cate. If . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Corollas yellow.
Soft Goodenia. PI. ^ to 1 foot ?
19 G. elonga'ta (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 52. t. 75.) pilose;
peduncles solitary, axillary and nearly terminal, elongated, re-
flexed while bearing the fruit ; stem erect, filiform ; radical
leaves oblong-spatulate, toothed : cauline leaves lanceolate,
nearly entire, attenuated at the base. If. G. Native of Van
Diemen’s Land. R. Br. prod. 577. Corollas yellow.
2?fowgYite, meno, to abide; and wpac,
keras, a horn ; in reference to the permanent spur). R. Br. prod,
p. 580. Calyx 5-leaved. Corolla spurred at the base: spur
permanent.
1 V. paradoxa (R. Br. prod. p. 580.) plant downy; leaves
bluntly toothed. 7/ . G. Native of New South Wales, about
Port Jackson; on the south coast of New Holland ; and of Van
Diemen’s Land. Lind. bot. reg. 971. Corolla yellow.
Paradoxical Velleia. FI. July. Clt. 1824. PI. foot.
2 V. argu'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) plant glabrous ; leaves sharply
toothed. 1/ . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Corolla yellow.
(SVmrp-toothed-leaved Velleia. PI. ^ foot.
Sect. II. Velle'le-ve'r;e (this section is supposed to contain
the true species of the genus). R. Br. prod. 580. Calyx 3-
leaved. Corolla rather gibbous on one side at the base.
3 V. lyra'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous; bracteas of the forks
distinct ; leaves lyrate or deeply toothed at the base ; segments
of the calyx ovate-orbicular. II. G. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson. Ker. bot. reg. 551. Corollas yellow.
Lyrate- leaved Velleia. FI. April. Clt. 1819. PI. 4 foot.
4 V. spatula'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous.; bracteas of the forks
distinct ; leaves spatulate, almost toothless, but quite entire at
the base, with the axils bearded. 7/ . G. Native of New-
South Wales, about Port Jackson ; and of New Holland, within
the tropic. Juss. ann. mus. 18. t. 1. Corolla yellow.
SpatulateAeaved Velleia. FI. April. Clt. 1825. PI. ^ foot.
GOODENOVIiE. V. Velleia. VI. Lechenaultia. VII. Anthotium. VIII. Sca:vola.
727
5 V. pube'scens (R. Br. prod. p. 581.) downy; bracteas of
the forks distinct ; leaves toothed ; segments of the calyx ob-
long-ovate, acute. 1/ . G. Native of New Holland, within the
tropic. Corolla yellow.
Downy Velleia. PI. ^ foot.
6 V. perfolia'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; bracteas of the
forks large, connate, roundish, toothed. 1/ . G. Native of New
South Wales, about Port Jackson. Corolla yellow.
Perfoliate- bractead Velleia. PI. \ foot.
Cult. The soil recommended for the two preceding genera is
also suited for the species of Velleia ; and they may be increased
by seeds, which are sometimes produced in this country.
VI. LECHENAU'LTIA (named after M. Lechenault, a
French botanist and traveller). R. Br. prod. p. 581.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx superior (f.
125. a.). Tube of corolla cleft on one side (f. 125. h.) ; limb
bilabiate (f. 125. i.). Anthers cohering (f. 125. c.) at the time
the flower is expanded. Grains of pollen compound. Stigma
obsolete, in the bottom of the bilabiate indusium (f. 125. fl).
Capsule prismatic, 2-celled, 4-valved ; opposite valves septiferous
in the middle. Seeds cubic or cylindrical, nucumentaceous. —
Small glabrous heath-like shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves narrow,
quite entire. Flowers axillary or terminal, almost solitary.
The pollen in all the species is composed of 4 combined sperules.
§ 1. Small shrubs, with heath-like leaves. Flowers axillary or
terminal. Capsule valvate. Seeds cubic.
1 L. form6sa (R. Br. prod. p. 581.) flowers axillary, soli-
tary, bractless, drooping ; corollas bilabiate, glabrous ; upper
lip of corolla rounded, entire; lower ones tripartite: segments
cuneated ; filaments glabrous. ^ . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast. Sweet, fl. austr. 2G. Flowers scarlet.
Handsome Lechenaultia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 ft.
2 L. obla'ta (Sweet, fl. austr.
t. 46.) flowers axillary and ter-
minal, solitary, bractless, rather
drooping ; corollas bilabiate,
downy outside : upper lip 2-
lobed : lower one tripartite : seg-
ments oblate ; filaments clothed
with downy tomentum. 1? . S.
Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. L. formosa, Lindl.
bot. reg. t. 916. Hook. bot. mag.
t. 2600. L. Baxteri, G. Don, in
Loud. hort. brit. p. 79. Flowers
copper-coloured, (f. 125.)
Oblate Lechenaultia. Fl. April,
Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 foot.
3 L. tubiflora (R. Br. prod.
581.) flowers nearly terminal,
solitary, almost sessile; corolla tubular, curved, with a conniving
limb ; leaves subulate, ending each in a pellucid point. J? . G.
Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Tube-flowered Lechenaultia. Shrub 1 foot.
4 L. expa'nsa (R. Br. 1. c.) flowers axillary, crowded into a
few-flowered corymb ; pedicels bibracteate ; limb of corolla uni-
labiate, with ciliated segments. Jj . G. Native of New Hol-
land, on the south coast.
E xpanded- lowered Lechenaultia. Shrub 1 foot.
§ 2. Plant herbaceous. Flowers opposite the leaves. Capsule
slowly valvate ; valves cohering, coarctate at the neck. Seeds
cylindrical.
5 L. filifo'rmis (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves alternate, compressed,
filiform. I/. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Filiform- leaved Lechenaultia. PI.
Cult. The species of Lechenaultia are elegant plants while
in blossom. They thrive best in a mixture of turfy loam, peat,
and sand ; and young cuttings strike root freely in the same kind
of mould under a hand or bell-glass.
VII. ANTHO'TIUM (from uvQoq, anthos, a flower, and ovc
mroQ, ous otos, an ear ; in reference to the segments of the su-
perior lip of the corolla being auriculated on the inner margin).
R. Br. prod. p. 582.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx superior, 5-parted.
Tube of corolla cleft lengthwise on the upper side ; limb bila-
biate ; segments of the upper lip auriculated on the inner mar-
gin. Anthers cohering. Grains of pollen simple. Ovarium
2-celled, many-seeded. Indusium of stigma contrary to the lips
of the corolla, beardless. Capsule unknown. — A glabrous dwarf
stemless herb. Leaves radical, nearly terete, dilated a little at
the base. Scapes numerous, spreading, undivided. Flowers
crowded in fascicles. Bracteas foliaceous. Corolla violaceous,
5-parted, with the margins of the claws loose and truly in-
flexed.
1 A. iiu'mile (R. Br. 1. c.) 7/.G. Native of New Holland,
on the south coast. There are two varieties of this plant, one
twice the size of the other in all its parts.
Humble Anthotium. PI. ^ foot.
Cult. See Velleia, above, for culture and propagation.
Tribe II.
SCTEVO'LETE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Scoe-
vola in important characters). R. Br. prod. p. 582. Seeds de-
finite. Drupe or nut inferior.
VIII. SCiEVO'LA (from scceva, the left hand ; in reference
to the form of the corolla). Lin. gen. no. 224. Juss. gen. 165.
R. Br. prod. p. 582. — Lobelia species. Plum. gen. t. 31.
Jacq. amer. 219. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 119. t. 25.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Corolla cleft longitudi-
nally on the upper side ; limb 5-parted, all to one side ; seg-
ments winged, about equal in size and shape. Anthers free.
Indusium of stigma ciliated. — Shrubs and herbs very variable in
habit. Down on hairs simple. Leaves alternate, rarely oppo-
site, hardly divided, often toothed. Inflorescence axillary or
disposed in a leafy spike. Ovaria bibracteate, usually 2-celled
(rarely 4-celled) ; cells 1-seeded; sometimes 1 -celled and 1-2-
seeded. Calyx 5-cleft, equal, sometimes obsolete. Corolla
white or blue, rarely yellow, deciduous, for the most part downy
outside ; wings of the segments often fringed at the base, rarely
longitudinally ; the fringe for the most part floccosely branched
at the top, and appears capitate to the naked eye ; tube villous
inside, and the throat beset with ramentae, which are disposed
in continuous lines, with the fringes of the segments. Stamens
flaccid after the dehiscence of the corolla, and falling off with
it. Anthers for the most part beardless, but sometimes bearded
at the apex. — This genus is divided into natural groups below.
Those species with 1-celled ovaria will probably constitute a
separate genus from those with 2-celled ovaria. — S. spinescens
has a very different habit from the other species, and is probably
a distinct genus, from the bracteas being deciduous, and the
wings of the segments of the corolla being fringed lengthwise,
but the mature fruit is not known.
Sect. I. Sarcoca'rpa (from trapl, trapcoc, sarx sarkos, flesh ;
and uapirog, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the baccate fruit of
the species). Drupe baccate, 2-celled. Peduncles axillary, dicho-
tomous, bearing flowers in the forks, rarely 1 -flowered. Leaves
alternate, bearded in the axils. Shrubs, natives of the sea shore.
1 S. Kgeni'gii (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 36.) cymes glabrous ; flowers
FIG. 125.
728
GOODENOVIiE.
VIII. ScJEVOLA.
pedicellate in tlie forks of the peduncles ; calyx 5-parted, equal
in length to the ovarium ; leaves obovate, subrepand at the
apex, quite glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branches.
(2 . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic ; of the East
Indies, Cochinchina, and the Sandwich Islands, on the sea
shore ; and of Romanzoff’s Island, in the South Sea. S. Lo-
belia, Lin. herb. Cerbera saluthris, Lour. coch. 136. Flowers
pale red or white.
Koenig’s Scaevola. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 ft.
2 S. Plumie'ri (Vahl, symb. 2. p. 36.) cymes glabrous;
calyx with an entire margin; leaves obovate, quite glabrous;
calyx truncate. Tj . S. Native of the West Indies, by the sea
shore. S. Lobelia, Willd. spec. 1. p.956. Lobelia Plumieri,
Lin. spec. 2. p. 1317. Lobelia Americana, Willd. herb. no.
820. Plum. icon. 165. f. 1. Catesb. car. 1. t. 79. Flowers
white.
Plumier’s Scaevola. Clt. 1724. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
3 S. mollis (Hook, et Arm in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 89.)
shrubby, erect, densely clothed with down ; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, glabrous above, and clothed with silky tomentum be-
neath, petiolate, glandularly denticulated, with bearded axils ;
peduncles shorter than the petioles, axillary, divaricate, with
flexuous few-flowered branches ; bracteoles subulate, recurved ;
corolla clothed with silky tomentum ; calycine teeth 5, very
short, obtuse. . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Very
closely allied to S. sericea, Forst. The whole plant is very
brittle.
Soft Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
4 S. Gaudichau'di (Hook, et Arm in Beech, voy. pt. bot.
p. 89.) shrubby, erect, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acute, nar-
rowed at the base, quite entire, rather falcate ; fruit axillary,
solitary, on short peduncles, somewhat racemose, crowned by
the blunt 5-toothed obtuse calyx, 2-seeded; bracteoles linear,
quite entire. . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands, at the
altitude of 1200 to 1500 feet. S. mont&na, Gaud, in Freyc.
voy. pt. bot. p. 460. but not of Labill.
Gaudichaud’s Scaevola. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
5 S. cilia'ta ; shrubby, erect, glabrous ; leaves rather
membranous, broad-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, acute,
with a few almost obsolete teeth on the margins, narrowed
into the short petioles, toothed at the base, with bearded axils ;
peduncles axillary, equal in length to the leaves or exceeding
them, 5-8-flow'ered, cymosely dichotomous; bracteas linear;
flowers sessile ; calycine teeth short, ciliated ; corolla glabrous
on the outside, and inside of the tube rather villous : segments
winged; style villous; drupe olive- formed, containing one 2-
seeded pyrenae. . G. Native of the island of O Wahu. S.
Chammissoniana, Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 226. but hardly of
Gaud. Leaves 3 \ inches long, and an inch broad.
Ciliated- calyxed Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
6 S. Tacca'da (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 146.) shrubby, with
smooth branches ; leaves sessile, obovate, rounded at the apex,
tapering much to the base, entire, shining, with bearded axils ;
peduncles axillary, solitary, 2 or 3 times forked. . S. Native
of the East Indies, on the sea shore. Lobelia Taccada, Gaertn.
fruct. 1. p. 119. t. 25. Buglossum littoreum, Rumph. amb. 4.
t. 54. Flowers white, slightly fragrant, villous inside, and
shaggy round the mouth. Drupe size of a gooseberry, white
when ripe, 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
Taccada Scaevola. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
7 S. seri'cea (Forst. prod. no. 504.) cymes and corollas to-
mentose outside ; flowers pedicellate in the forks of the pedun-
cles ; calyx 5-parted, about equal in length to the ovarium ;
leaves obovate, entire or repand, clothed with soft tomentum on
both surfaces, and on the branches. 1? • S. Native of New
Holland, within the tropic ; and of the Society Islands, on the
sea shore. Vahl, symb. 2. p. 37. R. Br. prod. p. 583. S.
Kcenigii, Lamark, aus. p. 108. Very like the two preceding
species, but differs in being tomentose. There are varieties of
this with more or less tomentose entire and repandly toothed
leaves, and with the style either glabrous or longitudinally villous.
Silky Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
8 S. Chammissoniana (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 461.
t. 82.) shrubby, erect, glabrous ; leaves oblong, acuminated at
both ends, sharply denticulated, with bearded axils ; peduncles
axillary, dichotomous, about equal in length to the leaves, with
sessile flowers in the forks ; calyx short, 5-toothed ; corollas
downy ; drupe 2-celled. 1? . G. Native of the Sandwich
Islands.
Chammisso's Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
9 S. tomentosa (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 460. t. 81.)
shrubby, erect, clothed with brownish stellate tomentum ; leaves
soft, somewhat rhomboid-ovate, obtuse, sinuately toothed ;
flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate; calyx short, 5-toothed;
corollas downy ; bracteoles unilateral, half connate, quite entire;
fruit 2-seeded. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the western
coast, in Shark’s Bay.
Tomentose Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
10 S. Menziesia'na (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 227.) shrubbv,
erect ; leaves obovate or lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, quite en-
tire, or a little serrated, narrowed into the petioles, bearded at
the axils, rather fleshy, dowmy beneath or glabrous ; peduncles
shorter than leaves, bearing 3 flowers at the apex, and often only
one ; bracteas linear ; flow'ers sessile ; calycine teeth short,
ciliated ; corolla pilose outside or glabrous, villous inside, hav-
ing the segments hardly winged ; style villous ; drupe olive-
formed, 1-2-seeded. 1? . G. Native of O Wahu. Stamens
glabrous. Fruit 2-celled, fleshy.
Var. fl, glabra (Cham. 1. c.) leaves narrower, and more cu-
neated at the base, obtuse, mucronulate, nearly entire, glabrous
on both surfaces. Corollas glabrous on the outside.
Menzies' Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
11 S. gla'bra (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 89.)
shrubby, erect, glabrous; leaves cuneate-obovate, obliquely
acuminated, on long petioles, with obscure remote glandular
denticulations, and bearded axils ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered,
naked, one-half shorter than the leaves ; corolla glabrous, equal
in length to the teeth of the calyx. . G. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands. Very like S. Chammissoniana, Gaud.
Glabrous Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
12 S. monta'na (Labill. sert. cal. p. 41. t. 42.) cymes and
corollas tomentose ; flowers sessile in the forks of the corymb ;
leaves obovate-oblong, glabrous, rather coriaceous. Jj . G.
Native of New Caledonia. Leaves entire, undulated or crenu-
lated, with silky hairy axils.
Mountain Scaevola. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
13 S. oppositifolia (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 148.) leaves oppo-
site, on short petioles, elliptic, entire, smooth ; peduncles axil-
lary, few-flowered. 1? . S. Native of the Moluccas. A slen-
der shrubby species, very different in habit from S. Kcenigii.
Opposite-leaved Scaevola. Shrub.
Sect. II. Xeroca'rpa (from £r?poc, xeros, dry ; and kapiroc,
karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the dry fruit of the species).
Drupe usually dry, 1-4-celled. Bracteas foliaceous, lateral,
permanent. Spikes terminal, but sometimes axillary.
§ 1. Leaves all or for the most part toothed or cut.
14 S. attenua'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 583.) shrubby, erect,
pilose ; leaves lanceolate, toothed ; bracteas stretched, quite en-
tire ; corolla hairy outside, with the margins naked above ; styles
very villous. . G. Native of Newr Holland, on the south coast.
Attenuated- leaved Scaevola. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
15 S. nitida (R. Br. prod. p. 584.) shrubby, erect, quite
GOODENOVIiE.
VIII. Sc;EVOLA.
729
glabrous ; leaves elliptic, sharply toothed ; bracteas toothed ;
corollas glabrous outside, with the margins villous above; styles
rather villous. fj • G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast.
ShiningAeaxed Scaevola. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
16 S. crassifolia (Labill. nov. boll. 1. p. 56. t. 79.) suffruti-
cose, ascending, quite glabrous ; leaves elliptic, sharply toothed,
obovate-lanceolate, and are as well as the branches often painted ;
bracteas entire ; indusium of stigma with a naked border. Tj . G.
Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Flowers white.
Thick-leaved, Scaevola. FI. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1805. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
17 S. globulifera (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 55. t. 78.) suffru-
ticose, erect, glabrous ? leaves lanceolate, few-toothed ; bracteas
entire ; ovarium 4-celled. T? . G. Native of New Holland,
on the south coast. The fringe at the base of the wings of the
segments of the corolla, and the ramenta in the throat of the
corolla, are floccosely branched at the tops ; therefore they ap-
pear globular at the apex, hence the name.
Glolnde-bearing Scaevola. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
18 S. ovalifolia (R. Br. prod. p. 584.) suffruticose, ascend-
ing ; leaves oval or elliptic, toothed ; bracteas rhomboid-ellip-
tic, very acute, nearly entire ; calyx obsolete ; style bearded at
the top on one side. . S. Native of New Holland, within
the tropic.
Var. a, cinerascens (R. Br. 1. c.) clothed with fine cinereous
tomentum ; corolla downy outside.
Var . /3, glabra (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; corolla beardless on
the outside.
Oval-leaved Scaevola. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
19 S. ^'mula (R. Br. 1. c ) plant herbaceous, erect; leaves
cuneated or obovate, toothed, smoothish ; spike simple; bracteas
lanceolate, nearly entire ; calyx lobed ; style glabrous below,
furnished on one side at the apex with a straight coloured beard,
which is equal in length to the indusium of the stigma ; ovarium
2-celled. 14 . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
It agrees with the figure given of the next species, except in
j the lower bracteas of the spikes being many-flowered, while in
I the present plant they are always 1 -flowered.
Emulating Scaevola. PI. 1 foot.
20 S. cuneiformis (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 56. t. 80.) plant
herbaceous, erect ? rather pilose ; leaves cuneated, toothed ;
spike divided at bottom into 2-3- flowered spikelets ; bracteas
lanceolate, entire ; calyx lobed ; style glabrous below, but fur-
nished with a straight beard on one side at the apex, which is
equal in length to the indusium of the stigma. If . G. Native
i of Van Diemen’s Land. Flowers blue ?
Wedge-formed- leaved Scaevola. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot.
21 S. sinua'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 584.) plant herbaceous,
diffuse, downy, with the hairs adpressed ; leaves obovate or
cuneated, toothed or sinuated ; spike compound : spikelets few-
flowered ; bracteas elliptic, entire ; calyx lobed ; style glabrous
below, but furnished at the apex on one side with a straight,
coloured beard, which exceeds the indusium of -the stigma. If .
G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. An inter-
mediate plant between S. ce'mula and S. cuneiformis.
Sinuated-leaxed Scaevola. PI. diffuse.
22 S. hu'milis (R. Br. prod. p. 585.) plant herbaceous,
ascending or diffuse, downy ; leaves sharply toothed : lower ones
obovate-cuneated : rameal ones lanceolate ; spike simple ; brac-
teas linear-lanceolate, a little toothed ; calyx lobed ; style fur-
nished with a straight coloured beard on one side at top, which
is equal in length to the indusium of the stigma ; ovarium 2-
celled. If. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Humble Scaevola. PL ascending.
23 S. microca'rpa (Cav. icon. 6. p. 6. t. 509.) plant herba-
VOL. III.
ceous, downy ; leaves cuneated, oval, or orbicular, toothed,
attenuated at the base ; spike simple ; bracteas toothed ; calyx
lobed ; tube of corolla bearded inside ; hairs in the throat of
the corolla, acute, and capitate ; style longitudinally villous ;
ovarium 1 -celled, 2-seeded. 74- G. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson ; and of Van Diemen’s Land. R. Br.
prod. p. 585. Good&nia albida, Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 347.
Goodenia laevigata, Curt. bot. mag. 287. Willd. spec. 1. p. 954.
Flowers purple, with a white throat. This is a very polymor-
phous species, sometimes diffuse, and sometimes erect, varying
much in the consistence and form of the leaves.
Small-fruited Scaevola. FI. May, Sept. Clt. 1790. PI. ^ to 1 ft.
24 S. pa'llida (R. Br. prod. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, diffuse,
downy ; leaves toothed, attenuated at the base, cuneated or lan-
ceolate ; spike simple ; bracteas usually toothed ; calyx lobed ;
tube of corolla almost naked inside; style glabrous ; ovarium
1-celled, 2-seeded. If. G! Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. Like the preceding, but smaller in all its parts.
/We-flowered Scaevola. PI. diffuse.
§ 2. Leaves all or for the most part quite entire.
25 S. suave'olens (R. Br. prod. p. 585.) plant herbaceous,
diffuse, downy ; leaves spatulate, fleshy, with bearded axils ;
bracteas linear-lanceolate ; ovarium 2-celled ; drupe baccate.
7f . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast, and within
the tropic ; and of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Good&nia calendulacea, Andr. bot. rep. 22. Flowers blue.
Sweet- scented-d owered Scaevola. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1793.
PI. 1 to 2 feet.
26 S. CjEspitosa (R. Br. 1. c.) plant suffruticose, erectish,
glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with rather recurved mar-
gins, a little toothed, with beardless axils ; calyx short, 5-lobed ;
ovarium 2-celled. f? . G. Native of New Holland, on the
south coast. In many points this species agrees with S. globu-
lifera, but differs in the ovarium being truly 2-celled.
Tufted Scaevola. Shrub 1 foot ?
27 S. revolu'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 586.) suffruticose, erect,
downy, greyish ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile, with revo-
lute edges ; spike compact ; bracteas lanceolate, rather concave ;
calyx obsoletely crenated ; ovarium 2-celled. \ . S. Native
of New Holland, within the tropic.
Revolute- leaved Scaevola. Shrub 1 foot.
28 S. linea’ris (R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect, much
branched, pilose, and scabrous ; leaves and bracteas linear, re-
curved on the margins; spike terminal; ovarium 1 -seeded. Tj .
G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Linear Aeaxed Scaevola. Shrub 1 foot.
29 S. paludosa (R. Br. 1. c.) plant subherbaceous, erect, a
little branched, pilose, scabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate, flat-
tish, about equal in length to the axillary spikes ; ovarium 1-
seeded. If.. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast.
Marsh Scaevola. PI. 1 foot ?
30 S. angula'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect ; branches
angular; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate; spikes seldom sim-
ple ; bracteas conforming to the rameal leaves ; calyx 5-cleft,
about equal in length to the 2-celled wrinkled ovarium, t? . S.
Native of New Holland, within the tropic. There is a variety
of this having few-toothed leaves, usually quite glabrous, but
sometimes furnished ivith a few scattered hairs.
^Hgufar-branched Scaevola. Shrub.
Sect. III. Pogonanthe'ra (from irioyinv, pogon, a beard : and
avdnpa, anthera, an anther : the anthers are bearded). Calyx
length of ovarium. Anthers bearded at the apex. Drupe nearly
dry. Flerbaceous plants. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, elon-
gated, each furnished with 2 foliaceous permanent bracteas.
5 A
730
GOODENOVIiE. VIII. Scaevola. IX. Diaspasis. X. Dampiera.
31 S. hispida (Cav. icon. 6. p. 7. t. 510.) wings of the seg-
ments of the corolla veinless. 7/ . G. Native of New South
Wales, within the tropic. R. Br. prod. p. 586. Goodenia ra-
mosfssima, Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 349. new holl. 15. t. 5.
Flowers lilac.
Hispid Scaevola. FI. July. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 to 2 feet.
32 S. stria'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 586.) wings of the segments
of the corolla furnished with parallel veins. 1£. G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast.
Striated Scaevola. PI. 1 foot ?
Sect. IV. Crossotoma (from icpocrcrog, krossos, a fringe ; and
to pa, toma, a section ; in reference to the fringed segments of
the corolla). Calyx obsolete. Wings of the segments of the
corolla fringed longitudinally. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered,
furnished with deciduous bracteas at the apex.
33 S. spine'scens (R. Br. prod. p. 586.) shrubby, spinescent;
leaves oval or obovate, quite entire. . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast.
Spinescent Scaevola. Shrub.
Cult. All the species grow freely in a mixture of turfy loam,
turfy peat, and sand ; and cuttings planted in the same kind of
soil, with a hand-glass placed over them, strike root readily ;
those of the stove species in heat.
IX. DIASPA'SIS (from Siacnracng, diaspasis, a pulling asun-
der ; segments of corolla). R. Br. prod. p. 586.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Corolla almost regular,
salver-shaped, with a 5-parted tube. Genitals inclosed. An-
thers free. Ovarium 1 -celled, 2-seeded. Indusium of stigma
with a naked border. Nut corticate. — An erect smooth branched
herb, besprinkled with a little simple down. Leaves alternate,
nearly terete. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, furnished with 2
leaves at the apex, in the manner of those of Sccevola hispida.
Flowers drooping. Calyx short, 5-cleft. Claws of corollas
connate at the base, and connected by very short capitate down
above. Wings of the broader laminae of the corolla ascend-
ing, with flat disks : the superior 2 dissimilar. Anthers beard-
less. Indusium of stigma somewhat 2-valved. Drupe dry,
1 -seeded. — This genus is nearly allied to Sccevola, and particu-
larly to sect. 3. of that genus, with which it agrees in the in-
florescence.
1 D. filifolia (R. Br. prod. p. 587.) 1£. G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast.
Thread-leaved Diaspasis. PI. 1 foot?
Cult. See Sccevola above for culture and propagation.
X. DAMPIE'RA (named in memory of Capt. William Dam-
pier, R.N., the celebrated circumnavigator ; he paid great
attention to natural history in all his voyages). R. Br. prod.
587. Juss. ann. mus. vol. 18.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Corolla bilabiate (f. 126.
a.), having the tube cleft on the upper side (f. 126. c.) ; segments
of the upper lip auricled on the inner margin. Anthers closely
cohering (f. 126. d.). Ovarium 1-seeded. Indusium of stigma
with a naked border (f. 126. c.). Nut crustaceous. — Arid
downy subshrubs or herbs : hairs usually of two forms ; the
longer ones in most of the species are branched, and rather plu-
mose ; and the shorter ones stellate. Leaves alternate, undivided,
or a little toothed, coriaceous. Flowers axillary or terminal,
sub-spicate or solitary ; bracteas small or wanting. Calyx short,
usually obsolete. Corolla blue or purple, 5-parted ; with the
margins of the claws truly inflexed, and the laminae hairy on the
outside : deciduous, but sometimes with the base permanent and
entire. Stamens remaining after the corolla has fallen ; anthers
beardless.
1 D. undula'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 587.) suffruticose, erect,
tomentose ; leaves petiolate, roundish, toothed, undulated, sca-
brous above, longer than the peduncles, which are axillary and
2-4-flowered ; corolla bearded with black plumose villi outside.
1? . G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson.
Flowers blue.
Undulated-Xeaxed Dampiera. Shrub 1 foot.
2 D. rotundifolia (R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect, tomen-
tose ; leaves petiolate, roundish, entire, flat, scabrous above,
very blunt at the base ; peduncles axillary, usually 1-flowered,
very short : terminal ones subcorymbose ; corolla bearded with
black plumose villi outside. I? . S. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson. Flowers blue.
Round-leaved Dampiera. Shrub 1 foot.
3 D. ovalifolia (R. Br. prod,
p. 588.) suffruticose, erect,
clothed with scurfy tomentum ;
leaves petiolate, oval, nearly en-
tire, flat, scabrous above ; pe-
duncles 2-4-flowered, axillary,
about equal in length to the
leaves : terminal ones corym-
bose ; corollas bearded with
black plumose villi outside. I? .
G. Native of New Holland,
about Port Jackson. Juss. ann.
mus. 18. t. 2. no. 1. Flowers
blue. (f. 126.)
Oval-leaved Dampiera. FI.
Ju. Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
FIG. 126.
4 D. purpu'rea (ft. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect, tomentose ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acutely toothed, scabrous above ; pe-
duncles axillary, 1-3-flowered ; corollas bearded with black
plumose villi outside, f? . G. Native of New Holland, about
Port Jackson. Flowers purple. In this and the preceding
species the outside of the corollas, as well as the peduncles, are
densely bearded with spreading plumose villi.
Purple-dowered Dampiera. Shrub 1 foot.
5 D. ferruginea ^R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose, erect, tomentose;
leaves petiolate, ovate, acutish, repandly toothed, 3-nerved at
base, smooth above in the adult state ; flowers almost terminal ;
corollas clothed with branched wool outside. . S. Native of
New Holland, within the tropic. Flowers blue.
Rusty Dampiera. Shrub 1 foot.
6 D. hedera'cea (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, procumbent,
tomentose ; leaves for the most part petiolate, somewhat cor-
date, angularly cut : superior ones quite entire, glabrous above
in the adult state ; corollas bearded on the outside by spreading
plumose cinereous villi. If . G. Native of New Holland, on
the south coast. Flowers blue.
Ivy-like Dampiera. PI. procumbent.
7 D. inca'na (R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose? erect? clothed with
hoary tomentum ; leaves sessile, obovate, quite entire. ^ • G.
Native of New Holland, on the western coast about Cape Lewin
and Wit’s Land, where it was collected by Dampier and Baudin.
Hoary Dampiera. Shrub.
8 D. cunea'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, erectish,
downy ; leaves sessile, toothed, obovate-cuneated, upper ones
elliptic-lanceolate, adult ones smoothish ; spikes pedunculate;
bracteas opposite ; flowers alternate ; corollas woolly on the
outside from simple spreading villi. 1/ . G. Native of New
Holland, on the south coast. Flowers blue.
CuneatcdAeaxed Dampiera. PI. \ to 1 foot ?
9 D. linea'ris (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, erect, downy;
leaves sessile, for the most part linear and few-toothed, lower
ones cuneated, adult ones smoothish ; spikes pedunculate ;
1
GOODENOVIdE. X. Dampiera. XI. Brunonia. XII. Pentafhragma. CAMPANULACE.ZE.
731
bracteas opposite; flowers alternate; corollas woolly outside
from simple spreading villi. 1/ . G. Native of New Holland,
on the south coast. Flowers blue. In this and D. cuneata the
calyx is obsolete, the base of the corolla entire and permanent,
clothed with simple villi on the outside ; and the inflorescence is
peculiar in these two plants.
Linear-leaved Dampiera. PI. | to 1 foot?
10 D. fascicula'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, erect ;
stem compressedly tetragonal ; leaves sessile, cuneated, a little
toothed, upper ones crowded in a verticillate manner, adult ones
glabrous and smooth on both surfaces ; peduncles in fascicles,
few-flowered ; corollas clothed with adpressed hairs outside :
branches of pili approximate and parallel. V-. G. Native of
New Holland, on the south coast. Flowers blue.
Fascictad-peduncled Dampiera. PI.
11 D. obronga'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, erect ;
stem compressedly trigonal ; leaves sessile, oblong, entire, and
few-toothed, glabrous and smooth on both surfaces in the adult
state; peduncles almost terminal, very short, 1-3-flowered ;
corollas clothed with adpressed pili on the outside : divisions of
pili approximate and parallel. G. Native of New South
Wales, about Port Jackson. Flowers blue.
Oblong- leaved Dampiera. PI. \ to 1 foot ?
12 D. stri'cta (R. Br. prod. p. 589.) plant herbaceous, erect;
stem compressedly trigonal ; leaves sessile, cuneated, a little
toothed, scabrous above in the adult state; peduncles few-
flowered, axillary and terminal ; corollas clothed with adpressed
pili on the outside : divisions of pili parallel and approximate.
Tl. G. Native of New' Holland, on the south coast, and about
Port Jackson ; as well as of Van Diemen’s Land. Juss. ann.
mus. 18. t. 2. no. 2. Good&nia stricta, Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p.
349. Flowers blue. This and the two preceding species are
very nearly allied, and are easily distinguished from the rest on
account of the peculiar hairs on the outside of the corolla.
Straight Dampiera. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1814. PI. 1 foot.
13 D. parvifolia (R. Br. prod. p. 589.) plant herbaceous,
erect, glabrous in the adult state ; stem compressedly trigonal,
panic-led ; leaves sessile : cauline ones linear-lanceolate, smooth :
upper rameal ones subulate ; flowers solitary, sessile ; bracteas
imbricated. If. G. Native of New Holland, on the south
coast. Flowers blue.
Small-leaved, Dampiera. PI. 1 foot?
Cult. See Sccevola, p. 730. for culture and propagation.
Tribe III.
BRUNONIE’TE (this tribe only contains the genus Brunbnia,)
Utriculus superior, 1-seeded.
XI. BRUNO' NI A (named by Sir James Edward Smith in
honour of Robert Brown, D.C.L. Cantab. F.R.S. V.P.L.S., &c.
&c., who is justly considered the first botanist in the world ;
author of Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van
Diemen, 1 vol Lond. 1810, &c. &c.) Smith, in Lin. trans. 10.
p. 366, t. 28. R. Br. prod. p. 589. and in Lin. trans. 12. p. 132.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Heads of flowers invo-
lucrated. Calyx 5-cleft, furnished with 4 bracteas. Corolla
monopetalous, funnel-shaped ; limb 5-parted, the 2 superior
segments more deeply divided than the rest. Stamens 5, hypo-
gynous. Anthers connate. Ovarium 1-seeded. Indusium of
stigma 2-valved. Utriculus inclosed within the indurated
calyx, w'hich spreads at top with plumose segments. Seed
without albumen. — Stemless herbs, with the habit of Sca-
biosa, Jasione, and Globularia, downy from glandless simple
pili. Radical leaves quite entire, spatulate. Scapes undivided,
bearing each one head. Head hemispherical, lobate: lobes in-
volucrated by foliaceous bracteas. Flowers distinct, nigh a
whorl of 5 membranous bracteas, the fifth bractea rather dissi-
milar. Tube of calyx very short when in flower. Corolla
azure blue, marcescent, having the tube at length cleft. Fila-
ments almost hypogynous, permanent, inserted in the very short
stipe of the ovarium, which is only obvious after fecundation.
Anthers inclosed in the tube of the corolla. Stigma fleshy, re-
tuse, inclosed within the bifid indusium, which has a naked
border. This genus agrees in many points of structure with
Composites, Campanuldcece, Dipsacece, and Globuldrice.
1 B. sericea (Smith, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 366. t. 28. R. Br.
prod. p. 590.) leaves as well as the scapes silky from adpressed
villi ; calycine segments ending each in a thick coloured naked
point. 11 . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic.
Flowers azure blue.
Silky Brunonia. PI. 1 foot.
2 B. australis (Smith, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 366. t. 28. R.
Br. 1. c.) leaves as well as the bottom of the scapes villous from
spreading hairs ; calycine segments plumose, with an acute apex.
%. G. Native of Van Diemen’s Land and New Holland, on the
south coast. Flowers azure blue.
Southern Brunonia. PI. 1 foot.
Cult. See Scaevola, p. 730. for culture and propagation.
Tribe IV.
CAMPANIE'iE (from campanu, a bell ; shape of flowers).
Corolla regular, campanulate. Capsule 3-4-celled, many-seeded.
XII. PENTAPHRA'GMA (from ntvre, pente, five, and
ippay/xog, phragmos, a dissepiment ; in reference to the 5 longi-
tudinal septa, or processes, from which the stamens spring).
Wall. cat. no. 1313. Alph. D. C. mon. camp. p. 95. — Phy-
teuma, Wall.
Lin. syst. Pent&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx semi-superior,
ovate, villous, 5-lobed; lobes obtuse. Corolla campanulate,
permanent, inserted in the calyx ; with a recurved 5-lobed limb ;
lobes obtuse. Stamens 5, short. Anthers distinct, linear.
Ovarium surrounded by the calyx, and connected with it by 5
longitudinal septa or processes, from which the stamina spring,
3-4-celled, many-seeded. Placentas from the inner angle of the
cells. Style short, thick. Stigma concave, surrounded by the
thick fleshy 3-lobed indusium. Capsule 3-4-celled, combined
with the villous tube of the calyx in its lower part, and sur-
rounded by the segments. Seeds adhering to long filiform free
receptacles, which are attached to the apex of the capsule. — A
creeping w’oolly herb. Leaves alternate, broad, semi-cordate,
like those of some species of Begonia, petiolate, serrated,
acute, pretty smooth. Racemes axillary, secund, recurved,
twice the length of the petioles. Flowers unilateral, arrayed in
2 rows, nearly sessile. Corollas white.
1 P. BEGONLffiFOLiA. 'll . S. Native of Pulo-Penang, in
forests. Phyteuma begoniaefolia, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 85.
Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 109. Stems villous. Leaves villous
beneath and glabrous above.
Begonia-leaved Pentaphragma. PI. creeping.
Cult. A mixture of vegetable mould and sand will be a
good soil for this plant ; and it will be easily propagated by
dividing the creeping stems.
Order CXXXVII. CAMPANULA'CEdE (this order con-
tains plants agreeing with the genus Campanula in the flowers
being bell -shaped, and in other characters). Campanuleae,
Alph. D.C. mon. p. 97. Campanularum pars, Adan. fam. 2. p.
132. Campanulacearum pars, Juss. gen. p. 164. Campana-
cearum pars, Gis. ord. nat. Lin. no. 29. Campanulacea, §. 1.
R. Br. prod. p. 559. Campanulaceae et pars Lobeliacearum,
Juss. ann. mus. 18. p. 1.
5 a 2
732
CAMPANULACEjE.
Calyx regular, of from 3 to 8 lobes, but usually of 5 lobes,
very rarely destitute of the limb. Corolla monopetalous, re-
gular, permanent, usually 5-lobed, rarely 3 to 8-lobed ; lobes
alternating with the calycine segments, each having a conspicuous
central nerve, valvate in aestivation. Stamens like the corolla,
inserted in the margin of the disc of the ovarium, and combined
with it, distinct from the corolla, but equal in number to its
segments, and alternating with them ; filaments usually ex-
panded at the base and membranous, and bending towards the
base of the style above the disc ; anthers fixed by the base,
free, rarely more or less combined into a tube, 2-celled ; cells
dehiscing lengthwise when the flower is in bud ; pollen copious,
adhering, yellow or violaceous, and clothed with very short pa-
pillae. Style one, more or less hairy ; stigma naked (not covered
by an indusium, as in the order Sccevblece,), rarely capitate, but
usually divided into from 2 to 8 lobes, or as many lobes as
there are cells in the ovarium ; lobes erect while the flower is
in aestivation, pilose on the back, and hardly distinct, but they
diverge and become recurved and glabrous on the expansion of
the flower. Ovarium combined with the tube of the calyx, some-
times half superior, many-celled ; cells from 2 to 8 in number,
but usually 2, 3 or 5, (never 4, unless a monstrosity) opposite the
calycine lobes, and sometimes alternating with them. Capsule
many-seeded, dehiscing at the sides or apex, having the valves
usually septiferous in the middle. Seeds numerous, small, in-
serted in the placentas on the inner side of the cells. Albumen
fleshy. Embryo slender, straight, with opposite, ovate or roundish
small foliaceous cotyledons. — Usually milky herbs, rarely shrubs.
Leaves exstipulate, alternate, but sometimes opposite, rarely
entire, usually toothed or crenated, never fleshy ; the radical
ones often different from the cauline ones. Flowers rarely in-
volucrated, number and situation variable, terminal and axillary,
racemose, panicled or spicate, and glomerate, usually drooping ;
pedicels always reflexed in those species in which the capsules
burst at the base, but on the contrary they are erect in those
species whose capsules burst at the apex. — Corollas usually blue
or white, rarely yellow or purple.
Campanulhceae differ from Compositae in not having the
flowers in heads, in their usually distinct anthers ; in their
polyspermous fruit. It differs from Lobeliaceae in the regular
flowers, and in the usually distinct anthers, and from Goodeno-
viae in the flowers being regular, and in the want of an indusium
to the stigma. All the plants are pretty, and some highly orna-
mental. The roots of Camp. Rapunculus are used as a vege-
table under the name of Rampion.
Synopsis of the genera.
Tribe I.
Jasionea:. Capsule dehiscing at the apex. The plants con-
tained in this tribe are most frequent in the southern hemisphere.
§ 1. Corolla 5 -parted.
* Anthers combined.
1 Jasione. Capsule 2-celled, inferior: valves dehiscing but
a very little way at top. — Herbs with capitate flowers.
* * Anthers distinct.
2 Lightfootia. Stigmas filiform. Capsule 3-5-celled, half
superior ; when 5-celled the cells are opposite the stamens and
calycine segments. — African subshrubs or herbs.
3 CephalosiTgma. Stigma capitate. Capsule 2-3-celled. —
Herbs.
4 Campanu'm.ea. Calyx without a limb. Stigmas ovate,
thick. Capsule 3-celled. — Herbs, with opposite leaves, and
large involucrated flowers.
§ 2. Corolla 3-6-cleft or 3-G-lobed at the apex. Anthers
always distinct.
* Capsule with the valves opening regularly.
5 CoDONOPsis. Calyx usually destitute of a limb. Corolla
5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3, ovate, thick. Capsule 3-celled.
— Usually climbing glaucescent herbs, with opposite leaves.
6 Canari'na. Calyx and corolla 6-lobed. Stamens 6.
Stigmas 6. Cells of fruit opposite the stamens and calycine
segments. — Climbing glaucescent herbs, with opposite leaves.
7 Platycodon. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens and
stigmas 5. Capsule 3-5-celled ; cells when 5 alternating with
the stamens and calycine segments. Seeds ovate, flat. — Rather
glaucescent herbs, with alternate or subopposite leaves, and large
campanulate corollas.
8 Microcodon. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens and
stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled ; cells alternating with the stamens
and calycine segments. Seeds small, ovoid. — Humble herbs,
with narrow alternate leaves, and small cylindrical corollas.
9 Wahlenbe’rgia. Calyx and corolla 3-5-lobed. Stamens
3-5 ; stigmas 2-5. Capsule 2-5-celled ; cells when 5 opposite
the stamens and calycine segments. Seeds small, usually ovoid.
Herbs usually with alternate and narrow leaves.
* * Capsule elongated, bursting at the top or opening by a pore.
10 Prismatoca'rfus. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens
5. Capsule 2-celled, naked, at length bursting irregularly at
the apex. Seeds angular, thick. — Herbs or subshrubs, with
alternate narrow stiff leaves, and axillary sessile flowers.
1 1 Roe'lla. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Cap-
sule 2-celled, always terminated by the permanent calycine seg-
ments, dehiscing irregularly at the apex. — Small shrubs, with
alternate narrow stiff leaves ; and sessile, usually solitary, ter-
minal flowers.
Tribe II.
Campanu'le/£. Capsule dehiscing at the sides. — The plants con-
tained in this tribe are all indigenous to the northern hemisphere.
§ 1. Capsule dehiscing by valves, which are equal in number to
the cells.
* Corolla 5-3-parted.
12 Phyteu'ma. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5.
Capsule 2-3-celled. Stigmas filiform. — Herbs, with small usually
glomerate flowers.
13 Petroma'rula. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stigma
CAMPANULACEiE. I. Jasione.
733
capitate. Capsule 3-celled. — Herbs, with pinnatifid leaves, and
racemose flowers.
14 Michau'xia. Calyx and corolla 8-parted. Stigmas 8, fili-
form. Capsule 8-celled. — Herbs, with the radical leaves pinnate.
* * Corolla 5-cleft or 5-lobed at the apex.
15 Campa'nula. Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped, or
broadly tubular. Nectarium none. Capsule 3-5-celled, not
elongated; cells when 5 opposite the stamens and calycine seg-
ments.— Herbs variable in habit.
16 Specula'ria. Corolla rotate. Nectarium none. Capsule
elongated, 3-celled. — Dwarf annual herbs, with sessile flowers.
17 Trache'lium. Corolla salver-shaped, with a very narrow
elongated tube. Nectarium wanting. Style only pilose at the
apex; stigmas small, hardly distinct. Capsule 2-3 -celled, not
elongated. — Herbs.
18 Adenophora. Corolla campanulate. Nectarium cylin-
drical, girding the base of the style. Stamens distinct. Cap-
sule 2-3-celled, not elongated. — Herbs.
19 Symphya'ndra. Corolla campanulate. Nectarium want-
ing. Anthers combined. Stigmas distinct. Capsule 3-celled,
not elongated. — Herbs.
§ 2. Capsule dehiscing laterally by numerous transverse fis-
sures.
20 Mu'sschia. Calyx and corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 5. Cap-
sule 5 -celled ; cells alternating with the lobes of the calyx and
stamens. — A subshrub, with broad serrated leaves, and race-
mose yellow flowers.
•f- A genus doubtful whether it belongs to the order.
21 Mercie'ra. Calyx 5-lobed, with a very hispid tube.
Corolla 5-lobed, with a narrow tube as in Traclielium. Stamens
5, free ; filaments long and slender. Stigmas 2, very short.
Capsule inferior, indehiscent? 1 -celled, containing probably
always 4 ovula in the bottom. — Cape shrubs, with the leaves of
Roella, and slender lateral flowers.
Tribe I.
JASIO'NEiE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Ja-
sione in the dehiscence of the capsule). Capsule dehiscing at
the apex.
I. JASIO'NE (laawvy, a name applied by Theophrastus to a
wild pot-herb, now unknown). Lin. hort. cliflf. p. 426. gen. no.
1005. Juss. gen. p. 166. Lam. ill. t. 724. f. 1. Neck. elem. 1.
p. 232. Gessn. phyt. p. 104. t. 13. f. 896. Vent. tabl. 2. p.
475. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 101. — Ovilla, Adans. fam. 2. p. 134.
— Scabiosa species, Lob. adv. nov. p. 232. — Aphyllantes, Da-
lech. hist. p. 864. &c.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
deeply 5-parted ; segments linear-lanceolate. Stamens 5, with
slender filaments, and with the anthers combined into a tube at
the base ; pollen blue or purplish. Style pilose from the middle
to the apex: the pili or hairs disposed in 10 rows ; stigmas 2,
short. Capsule 2-celled, spheroid or ovoid, dehiscing by a broad
hole at top, with very short valves. Seeds small, ovoid, shining.
— Dwarf herbs, with the habit of Scabiosa. Leaves alternate,
narrow. Flowers collected into terminal bracteated heads : the
flowers expanding from the top of the head.
1 J. monta'na (Lin. spec. 1317.) stems erect, simple, terete;
leaves lanceolate, undulated, hairy ; peduncles naked ; bracteas
glabrous. ©. H. Native of Europe, Siberia, and the north of
Africa, in sandy fields and heaths ; plentiful in Britain. GEd.
fl. dan. 3. t. 319. Lam. ill. t. 724. f. 1. Curt. lond. fasc. 4. t.
58. Smith, engl. bot. 882. J. undulata, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 3. ex-
clusive of var. (3. — Lob. icon. 536. — Column, ecphr. 1. p. 226.
with a good figure. Stems ascending, leafy. Heads of flowers
globose. Corollas pale blue, and sometimes white.
Var. (3, maritima (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 102.) stems prostrate,
elongated, hoary, almost simple ; leaves thickish, pilose ; calyxes
hoary. ©. H. Native of the west of France, on the sea shore.
J. maritima, Duf. ined. in herb. D. C. J. montana y, Dub. et
D. C. bot. gall. p. 3 1 1 .
Var. y, littoralis (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 102.) plant humble,
tufted ; stems simple, ascending ; heads small ; bracteas ob-
tuse, rounded. ©. H. Native of Sweden, in the sand by
the sea-side. J. montana littoralis, Fries, nov. fl. suec. pt. 2.
p. 29.
Var. prolifera (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) heads proliferous. ©.
H. Native of Piedmont, about Lutetia.
Mountain or Common Sheep’s Scabious, or Sheep’s-bit. Fl.
June, July. Britain. PI. \ to 1 foot.
2 J. corymbosa (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 1 31 .) stems erect, branched,
angular ; leaves decurrent, oblong-linear, rather hairy, undu-
lated ; peduncles leafy ; bracteas pilose. $ . H. Native of the
kingdoms of Tangiers and Morocco, in sandy places. J. arena-
ria, Salzm. in herb. D. C. Root perpendicular. Heads of
flowers numerous, globose, terminating the branches ; stems
therefore somewhat corymbose. Corollas blue.
Corymbose-^ owered Sheep’s Scabious. PI. \ foot.
3 J. pere'nnis (Lam. diet. 3. p. 216. ill. t. 724. f. 2 ) stems
erect, simple ; leaves rather hairy : radical ones obovate : cau-
line ones oblong-linear, flat ; peduncles naked ; bracteas pilose
inside. If. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Dauphiny, Auvergne,
on the mountains, and elsewhere. Ker. bot. reg. 505. Sims,
bot. mag. 2198. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 923. J. montana /3, Willd.
spec. 1. p. 888. J. lae'vis, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 3. J. montana,
V ill. dauph. 2. p. 670. exclusive of the synonyme. J. montana
(3, radici perenni, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 329. Root fibrous. Stems
glabrous or pilose, simple or branched from the base. Heads
of flowers large, subglobose. Corollas blue, pedicellate. This
is a very elegant plant when in blossom.
Perennial Sheep’s Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787. PI.
1 foot.
4 J. Lusita'nica (Alph. D. C. mon. 105.) stems branched,
diffuse ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, rather pilose, and somewhat
sinuated ; peduncles naked; bracteas smoothish. If. ? H.
Native of Portugal, about Lisbon. Plant dwarf. Stems rather
pilose, very leafy. Heads of flowers globose. Corollas blue.
Flowers few in each head.
Portugal Sheep’s Scabious. PI. | foot.
5 J. hu'milis (Lois. not. p. 42. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2872.)
downy ; stems ascending, simple ; leaves linear-obovate, flat :
radical ones rosulate ; peduncles leafy. If. H. Native of the
Eastern Pyrenees, in elevated dry pastures. J. montana, (3,
hitmilis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 215. exclusive of the synonyme of J.
foliosa, Cav. J. perennis, /3, minor alpina, Lapeyr. abr. pyr. p.
103. J. montana, y, Lam. et D. C. fl. fr. edit. 3d. no. 2879.
J. undulata, (3, Lam. diet. 3. p. 215. Phyteilma crispa, Pourr.
act. tol. 3. p. 324. Plant tufted. Root simple. Heads of
flowers globose. Flowers sessile, blue.
Humble Sheep’s Scabious. PI. feet.
6 J. foliosa (Cav. icon. 2. p. 38. t. 148. f. 1.) glabrous;
stems ascending, simple ; radical leaves rosulate, rather spatu-
late : cauline ones linear- lanceolate. If. H. Native of Spain ;
plentiful near the top of Mount Orospeda, on the north side, in
the fissures of rocks ; and in the boundaries of the kingdoms
CAMPANULACE7E. I. Jasione. II. Lightfootia.
73 i
of Valencia and Murcia. Phyteuma? rigidifblia, Duf. ined. in
herb. D. C. Root simple. Heads globose, few-flowered.
Flowers pedicellate, of a deep violet colour. This is a dwarf,
but very elegant plant when in blossom.
Leafy Sheep’s Scabious. FI. Aug. PI. 1 to 3 inches.
7 J. trIstis (Bory, ann. gen. 3. (1820.) p. 3.) stems prostrate,
diffuse, almost simple ; leaves alternate, rather spatulate, cili-
ately tomentose ; flowers in dense heads ; bracteas ovate, co-
loured. %. H. Native of Spain, on Sierra Nevada, at a place
called Valleta. Flowers of a greyish-blue colour.
jSW-coloured-flowered Sheeps’ Scabious. PI. prostrate.
Cult. The species of Jasione are all very elegant while in
blossom, and they are, therefore, well fitted for decorating the
front of flower-borders and rock-work. They grow best in light
soil, and are readily increased by parting at the root, by seed,
or by cuttings. Plants of all the kinds should be kept in pots,
so as to be placed under shelter in severe weather in winter, or
else they are liable to be killed, and the species lost to the
gardens.
II. LIGHTFOO'TIA (named after the Rev. J. Lightfoot,
author of the first Flora Scotica). Lher. sert. ang. (1788.) p. 3.
Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 217. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 107. — Cam-
panula species, Thunb. prod. p. 38. Lin. fil. suppl. 141. Willd.
spec. 1. p. 915. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 474.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
usually 5-parted, sometimes 5-cleft. Stamens 5 ; filaments
broad, ciliated ; anthers free, caducous. Stigmas 3-5, short,
filiform. Capsule 3-5-celled, usually half superior, dehiscing
by the valves at the apex ; cells, when 5, opposite the stamens
and calycine segments. Seeds ovoid-trigonal, minute. — Small
shrubs, rarely perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, and sometimes
opposite, sessile, small, scattered equally over the whole plant.
Flowers usually racemose, and on short pedicels ; pedicels erect
after the flowers begin to fade, and usually stiff. All natives of
the Cape of Good Hope, except one, which is a native of Mada-
gascar.
§ 1. Capsule 5-celled.
1 L. subula'ta (Lher. sert. angl. t. 5.) stem ascending or
erect, rather woody, simple or branched ; leaves alternate,
erectish, subulate, narrow, somewhat denticulated ; flowers
racemose, on short pedicels ; corolla 5-parted, with the segments
rather longer than the calycine lobes ; valves acute, longer than
the entire base of the capsule. If. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope ; very common on the mountains about Cape Town.
Roem. et Schultes, syst. exclusive of the synonyme of Campanula
capilhacea. Campanula subulata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 728.
Lightfootia, Burch, cat. pi. afr. austr. no. 284. Campanula
fruticosa, Lin. spec. 1 . p. 238. ? Root simple, perpendicular.
Leaves numerous, stiff. Flowers numerous, terminal and axil-
lary, solitary, disposed along the branches in a racemose man-
ner, blue.
Subulate-leaved Lightfootia. FI. Aug. Clt. 1787. PI. § to
1 foot.
§ 2. Capsule 3-celled.
2 L. longifolia (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 108.) stem erect, quite
simple, woody at the base ; leaves alternate, erect, subulate, a
little denticulated ; flowers subspicate ; corolla 5-parted, having
the segments twice longer than the calycine lobes ; capsule
almost wholly inferior, with very short valves. If. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. L. linearis, Eklon, ined. in herb.
Dunant. Campanula sessiliflora, Lin. suppl. p. 139.? Thunb.
prod. p. 38. fl. cap. 2. p. 171. mem. acad. Petersb. 4. p. 367. t.
5. f. 1. Leaves stiff. Flowers numerous at the tops of the
branches, on short pedicels, 1-3 from each leaf or bractea.
Far. fi, canescens (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 192.) stem, leaves,
and corollas clothed with hoary down ; leaves 4 lines long,
straight, with revolute edges ; inflorescence more loose than in
the species ; axillary flowers nearly sessile : terminal ones on
long pedicels.
Far. y, lanuginosa, (Cham. 1. c. p. 193.) corollas, inflores-
cence, and stem rather woolly from long white villi ; leaves 2
lines long, with finely -revolute edges, densely imbricated ; in-
florescence contracted, subcapitate.
Long-leaved Lightfootia. PI. 1 foot.
3 L. unidenta'ta (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 109.) stem erect,
woody, simple ; leaves alternate, erect, linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, toothed at the base : teeth 1-2 on each side, setaceous:
flowers loosely racemose ; corolla 5 -cleft, having the segments
3 times longer than the calycine lobes ; valves obtuse, shorter
than the base of the capsule, f? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Campanula unidentata, Thunb. prod. 39. Lin. fil.
suppl. p. 139. Thunb. mem. acad. petersb. 4. p. 371. t. 7.
f. 2. Stem reddish. Flowers terminating the branches, dis-
posed in loose racemes. Branches downy. Leaves revolute.
One-toothed- leaved Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot.
4 L. ? adpre'ssa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 110.) stem erect,
woody, simple ; leaves alternate, reflexed, linear-lanceolate,
setaceously-toothed ; flowers panicled ; corolla semi-5-cleft.
twice longer than the calycine lobes. f2 • Gr. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Campanula depressa, Thunb. prod. p.
38. mem. acad. petersb. 4. p. 368. t. 7. f. 2. Leaves a little
decurrent, ciliated writh white hairs at the base. Flowers pani-
cled on the upper part of the stem, which is leafless.
Adpressed Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot.
5 L. a'lbens (Spreng. in Zeiher, fl. cap. exsic. p. 266.) stem
erect, woody, branched ; leaves alternate, usually in fascicles,
spreading, linear, very narrow, entire ; flowers loosely race-
mose; corolla 5-parted, having the segments 3 times longer
than the calycine lobes ; valves acute, about equal in length to
the base of the capsule. . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Campanulaceae, Burch, cat. geogr. pi. afr. no. 1720.
Flowers terminal and axillary, loosely racemose at the tops of
the branches.
Whitish Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot.
6 L. tene'lla (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 111. t. 3. f. b.) stem
erect, woody, branched ; leaves alternate, usually in fascicles,
reflexed, ovate, obtuse, thick, nearly entire ; flowers racemose ;
corolla sub-5-parted, having the segments twice longer than
the calycine lobes ; valves acute, equal in length to the base of
the capsule. T? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Campanula tenella, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 141. Thunb. prod. p. 39.
mem. acad. petersb. 4. t. 7. f. 3. with a bad figure, Roem. et
Schultes, syst. 5. p. 117. exclusive of the syn. L. oxycoccoides.
Roella recurva, Banks, herb. Roella filiformis, Poir. diet. 6. p.
232. but not of Lam. ill. Roella gl&bra, Poir. diet. 6. p. 232.
L. fasciculata, Eklon, in herb. Dunant. — Burch, cat. pi. afr. no.
2675. Flowers axillary and terminal, disposed in loose racemes
at the tops of the branches.
Slender Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot.
7 L. fascicula'ta (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 112.) stem erect,
woody, branched; leaves alternate, reflexed, ovate, acute, thick-
ish, remotely denticulated ; flowers in fascicles ; corolla 5-
parted, hardly longer than the calycine lobes. . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Campanula fasciculata, Lin. suppl.
p. 139. Thunb. prod. 39. Lam. ill. 2524. Thunb. mem. acad.
petersb. 4. p. 372. t. 6. f. 1. Roella reflexa, Banks, herb.
Leaves very numerous. Stem rather hairy, purplish. Flowers
collected into round fascicles at the tops of the branches.
Jnscic/ed-flowered Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot.
8 L. oxycoccoides (Lher. sert. angl. t. 4. exclusive of the
syn. Campanula tenella, Lin.) stem erectish or ascending, much
CAMPANULACEjE. II. Lightfootia. III. Cephalostigma. IV. Campanum/ea.
735
branched, woody at the base ; branches diffuse ; leaves alter-
nate, reflexed, ovate-lanceolate, acute, thin, denticulated at the
base : flowers loosely racemose ; corolla 5-parted, having the
segments hardly twice the length of the calycine lobes ; valves
acute, equal to the base of the capsule. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, on the Table Mountain. Smith, exot. fl.
2. t. 69. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 113. Lobelia tenella, Lin. mant.
p. 120. Thunb. prod, p. 40. Lobelia parviflora, Berg. cap.
345. Campanula Ottoniana, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 113.
Branches purplish. Flowers terminal and axillary, at the tops
; of the branches, white, with reddish nerves.
Cranberry-like Lightfootia. Fl. July. Clt. 1787. Shrub
^ to 1 foot.
9 L. lanceola'ta (Link, enum. 1. p. 217.) stem decumbent,
downy; leaves lanceolate, glabrous, furnished with 1 or 2 teeth;
peduncles downy ; calyx glabrous, one-half shorter than the co-
rolla. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. L. oxycoc-
coides, var. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 809. Corollas white and bluish,
larger than those of L. oxycoccoides.
Lanceolate-lea\ed Lightfootia. Fl. July. Clt.? Shrub de-
cumbent.
10 L. MuscosA (Link, enum. 1. p. 217.) stem decumbent,
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous, quite entire : rameal ones
opposite ; peduncles glabrous ; calyx shorter than the corolla.
Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. L. oxycoccoides,
var. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 809. Leaves 3-4 lines long, and half a
line broad. Corolla 2-3 lines long, whitish-blue.
Mossy Lightfootia. Shrub decumbent.
11 L. Loddige'sii (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 114.) stem decum-
bent, woody at the base, branched ; leaves alternate, somewhat
reflexed, ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire ; flowers loosely race-
mose; corolla 5-parted, having the segments 4 times longer than
the calycine lobes. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
L. tenella, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1038. Branches purplish.
Flowers axillary and terminal, disposed in loose racemes at the
tops of the branches. Corolla bluish.
Loddiges’s Lightfootia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub
decumbent.
12 L. lycopodioides (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 114.) branches
woody, simple, very leafy ; leaves alternate, and sometimes sub-
verticillate, erect, adpressed to the branches, linear, very narrow ;
flowers few, sessile ; corolla 5-parted, with the segments 3 times
longer than the calycine lobes. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves revolute on the margins. Flowers ses-
sile, usually 3 on the top of each branch, the middle one
expanding before the lateral ones.
Club-moss-like Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot. ?
13 L. opfositifolia (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 115.) branches
erect, slender, stiff, simple ; leaves opposite, somewhat reflexed,
linear, acuminated, narrow, slightly denticulated ; flowers fewT,
usually terminal ; corolla deeply 5-cleft, twice longer than the
calycine lobes. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on
the Table Mountain. Campanula ericoides, Lam. Light-
footia, Burch, cat. geogr. pi. afr. austr. no. 606. Branches red-
dish. Flowers solitary, terminal, rarely axillary. Habit of L.
oxycoccoides. L. muscosa and L. lanceol&ta, Link, are probably
hardly varieties of this species.
Opposite-leaved Lightfootia. Shrub 1 foot. ?
14 L. rubioides (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 116.) branches pro-
cumbent, diffuse ; leaves opposite, spreading, or a little reflexed,
lanceolate, acute, remotely denticulated ; flowers few, terminal
and axillary ; corolla 5-parted, with the segments longer than
the calycine lobes. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Campanula rubioides, Banks, herb. Plant trailing, much
branched. Branches reddish. Leaves glabrous, or furnished
with a few white hairs. Flowers axillary and terminal, solitary,
at the extremities of the branches.
Madder-like Lightfootia. PI. trailing.
15 L. Madagascarie'nsis (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 116.) stem
erect, woody at the base, simple ; leaves alternate, erect, linear-
acuminated, remotely denticulated ; flowers somewhat panicled;
segments of the corolla, which is deeply 5-parted, about 3 times
longer than the calycine lobes ; capsule wholly inferior, with
short valves. 1? . S. Native of Madagascar, where it was col-
lected by Commerson. Campanula Madagascariensis, Juss.
herb. Flowers at the top of the stem, and along one side of the
peduncles, about 10 towards the upper part of the stem.
Madagascar Lightfootia. PI. \ to 1 foot.
Cult. All the species grow freely in a mixture of loam, peat,
and sand ; and young cuttings strike root readily in the same
kind of soil, with a hand-glass over them.
III. CEPHALOSTIGMA (from icE^aX?/, kephale, a head,
and ortypa, stigma, a stigma ; in reference to the stigma, w'hich
is capitate). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 117. — Campanula species,
Wall. herb. — Wahlenbergia species, Perrot. et Lepr. herb.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
5-parted ; segments alternating with the calycine lobes, and
longer than them. Stamens 5, free ; filaments broadest at the
base ; anthers 2-celled. Style usually exserted, more or less
hairy ; stigma simple, capitate, pilose. Capsule 2-3-celled, de-
hiscing by 2-3 short valves at the apex, which are septiferous in
the middle. Seeds numerous, small, ovoid, triquetrous. — The
species of this genus have a habit intermediate between Wahlen-
bergia and Lightfootia, but differs from both these genera in
the capitate stigma; but it has a capsule like that of the first,
and a corolla like that of the latter.
§ 1. Capsule half superior, 3-celled. Style rather shorter
than the segments of the corolla.
1 C. panicula'ta (Alph. D. C. mon. p, 117.) stem herba-
ceous, much branched, leafy ; leaves ovate, acute at both ends,
broad, subsinuated ; flowers loosely panicled ; segments of co-
rolla 2 or 3 times longer than the calycine lobes; capsule ob-
conical. ©.? F. Native of the Burmese empire, about Prome,
on the banks of the Irrawaddi. Campanula paniculata, Wall,
mss. Stem hairy. Leaves downy beneath. Panicle much
branched; pedicels filiform, 1 -flowered, glabrous.
Panicled-d owered Cephalostigma. PI. 1 foot.
§ 2. Capsule 2-celled, almost wholly inferior. Style rather
longer than the segments of the corolla.
2 C. Perrotte'tii (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 118.) stems herba-
ceous, simple, leafy at the base ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers dis-
posed in a long raceme ; segments of corolla 3 times longer
than the calycine lobes ; capsule obovoid. ©. F. Native of
Cape Verd, at Khana, in humid sandy places. Wahlenber-
gia, spec. herb. Lepr. and Perrott. Root simple. Stem leafy,
and pilose at the base. Leaves rather pilose, with white undu-
lated edges. Peduncles and pedicels glabrous.
Perrottet’s Cephalostigma. PI. foot.
3 C. Prieu'rei (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 118.) stem woody,
humble, much branched, naked at the base ; leaves small,
linear; flowers panicled; segments of corolla hardly twice the
length of the calycine lobes ; capsule obconical. % . S. Native
of Senegal, about Jonal, where it was collected by Leprieur and
Perrottet. Root simple. Branches very slender, many-flowered,
glabrous.
Le Prieur's Cephalostigma. PI. \ foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Microcodon, p. 737.
IV. CAMPANU'M^EA (altered from Campanula). Blum,
bijdr. p. 726. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 118.
736
CAMPANULACEAL IV. Campanumaea. V. Codonopsis. VI. Canarina.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers involucrated.
Involucrum 5-parted. Calyx hemispherical, combined with the
involucrum at the base, truncate at the apex, bearing the co-
rolla. Corolla 5-parted? (5-petalled, ex Blum.). Stamens 5,
free, opposite the lobes of the involucrum, inserted at the base
of the corolla or top of the calyx, and in the ovarium ; filaments
broadest at the base ; anthers 2-celled. Style inclosed, divided
into 3 ovate thick stigmas at the apex, which are pilose before
the expansion of the flower. Ovarium combined with the tube of
the calyx, 3-celled. Capsule globose, terminated by a broad flat
5 -angled umbilicus, which is girded by the cicatrices occasioned by
the falling of the corollas and stamens, many-valved, ex Blum.
Seeds very numerous, ovoid-cylindrical, dotted, inserted on the
thick placentas, which are indexed on both sides, and situated at
the inner angle of the cells.— Quite glabrous lactescent herbs,
with tuberous roots, ex Blum. Stems and branches terete.
Leaves opposite, glaucescent beneath. Peduncles axillary and
terminal.
1 C. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p. 727.) stem climbing; leaves
on long petioles, ovate-cordate ; flowers solitary, scattered. If.
S. Native of Java, in humid woods on the mountains of
Salak and Gede. Leaves 1-2 inches long, and 6-12 lines
broad. Flowers green, axillary, and terminal. Peduncles 1-
flowered.
Java Campanumaea. PI. cl.
2 C. Cele'bica (Blum, bijdr. p. 727.) stem erect ; leaves on
short petioles, oblong-lanceolate ; flowers subcorymbose, ter-
minal. If. S. Native of Celebes. Leaves ovate, acute : su-
perior ones lanceolate, nearly entire, or serrulated.
Celebes Campanumaea. Pi. 1 foot.
Cult. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will be a good soil
for the species of Campanumcea ; and they are to be increased
by cuttings or seeds.
V. CODONO'PSIS (from kwSmv, kodon, a bell, and oi/ac, opsis,
resemblance ; in reference to the shape of the flowers). Wall,
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 103. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 120.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-lobed or trun-
cate. Corolla inserted in the top of the calyx, 5-lobed ; lobes
alternating with the calycine segments when there are 5. Sta-
mens 5, free, alternating with the lobes of the corolla ; filaments
broadest at the base ; anthers 2-celled, length of filaments.
Style inclosed ; stigmas 3, thick. Ovarium 3-celled, almost
combined with the whole of the tube of the calyx. Capsule
dehiscing by 3 acute valves at the apex, which are septiferous in
the middle. Seeds inserted in the inner angle of the cells to
a thick placenta, furnished with albumen and a straight em-
bryo.— Usually quite glabrous herbs, inhabitants of the north of
India on the mountains. Stems erect or scandent, and even
twining, branched, terete, rising from a woody root, probably
always. Leaves usually strictly opposite, ovate, acuminated,
not entire, on short petioles, glaucous, rarely hoary beneath.
Branches usually opposite, more or less articulated at their
origin. Flowers terminal and axillary, pedunculate, sometimes
involucrated. Corollas whitish, yellowish or deep purple. The
habit of the species is variable.
Sect. I. Megasa'nthes (from /zeyae, megas, large, and avQog,
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the size of the flowers). In-
volucrum none. Flowers large. Corolla firm, rather fleshy.
Calyx 5-cleft. Seeds ovoid-cylindrical.
1 C. vi'ridis (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 103.) stem ascending, twin-
ing ; leaves alternate and opposite, downy, hoary beneath, a
little crenulated ; corollas large, yellowish-green. If. r>‘. G.
Native of Nipaul, about Gosaingsthan, Kamaon, and in an ob-
scure wood on the top of Sheopore. Plant scandent, much
branched, with the habit of Convolvulus. Leaves ovate-oblong.
Flowers axillary and terminal, solitary, often opposite the leaves,
with an ungrateful scent.
Green-8 owered Codonopsis. PI. twining.
2 C. purpu'rea (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 105.) stems
ascending, twining a little, manifestly articulated ; leaves strictly
opposite, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, a little crenulated ;
corollas deep purple. If.? r'. G. Native of Nipaul, on the
mountains towards the Himalaya. Leaves obovate-oblong.
Flowers solitary, usually terminal, and terminating axillary
branchlets.
Purple-8 owered Codonopsis. PI. twining.
Sect. II. Microsa/nthes (from ptKpoc, micros, small, and
avdoc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the small flowers).
Flowers small, white, involucrated. Calyx probably always
truncate. Seeds rather lenticular, small. Leaves strictly op-
posite, glabrous, glaucescent beneath.
3 C. trunca'ta (Wall. cat. no. 1 301.) stem erect; leaves sharply
serrated ; involucrum combined with the base of the calvx.
% .? S. Native of the Burman Empire, at Pingue on the banks
of the Irrawaddi. Stem branched ; branches stiffish. Leaves
ovate, acuminated. Flowers 2-6 on the top of each branch ;
pedicels terminal and axillary, l-flowTered.
Truncate-caiyxed Codonopsis. PI. 1 to 2 feet?
4 C. parviflora (Wall, cat.no. 1300. Alph. D. C. mon. p.
123.) stem erect; leaves remotely and setaceously denticulated;
involucrum distinct from the calyx. If.? G. Native on the
Pundua mountains, on the north-east of Bengal. Stem branch-
ed ; branches opposite. Leaves ovate-acuminated. Flowers
small, numerous, and as if they were panicled ; peduncles tri-
chotomous or dichotomous.
Small-Jlomered Codonopsis. PI. 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Campanumcea above.
VI. CANARI'NA (so named from the first species being a
native of the Canary Islands). Juss. gen. p. 164. Lam. ill. gen.
t. 259. Gasrtn. fruct. suppl. p. 163. t. 211. Vent. tabl. 2. p.
470. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 123. — Canaria, Lin. mant. p. 148.
and p. 225. — Pernetya, Scop, introd. p. 150. Neck. elem. 1. p.
233. — Campanula species, Pluk. phyt. t. 276. f. 1. Tourn. inst.
1. p. 109. Lin. spec. 1. p. 168.
Lin. syst. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 6-cleft. Corolla
6-lobed at the apex, large, campanulate. Stamens 6, free ; fila-
ments thickest at the base, glabrous. Style inclosed, hispid
above, the hairs disposed in 12 rows. Stigmas 6. Capsule 6-
eelled, dehiscing at the apex ; cells opposite the calycine lobes
and stamens. Seeds small, angular. — Large herbs, with thick
perennial roots : having the stem, leaves, and calyxes glaucescent,
and quite glabrous. Leaves opposite. Flowers terminal, soli-
tary.
1 C. campanula'ta (Lam. diet. 1. p. 598. ill. t. 259.) plant
glaucescent ; root tuberous, fusiform ; stems ascending ; leaves
hastately subcordate, irregularly toothed ; flowers solitary, ter-
minating axillary branchlets. If. G. Native of the Canary
Islands. Curt. bot. mag. 444. Gaertn. fruct. suppl. p. 63. t.
211. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 376. Herb. amat. t. 142. C. laevigata,
G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 139. Canaria campanul&ta, Lin.
mant. p. 225. Campanula Canariensis, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 168.
Hill. veg. syst. 8. t. 8. — Lin. hort. cliff, p. 65. t. 8. — Pluk.
phyt. t. 276. f. 1. aim. p. 76. Flowers drooping, of a yellowish
purple or orange colour, having the nerves red.
Campanulate-8owered Canarina. Fl. Jan. March. Clt. 1696.
PI 3 to 4 feet.
2 C. ? Zanqueba'rica (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 125.) stem
shrubby, scandent, branched ; leaves hastately cordate, quite en-
CAMPANULACE.E. VI. Canarina. VII. Platycodon. VIII. Microcodon. IX. Wahlenbergia.
737
tire, glabrous; flowers solitary, lateral. 1? . S. Native of
Africa, on the coast of Zanquebar. C. Zanquebarica, Lour. coch.
p. 195. Flowers pale. This plant agrees with the present
genus in the calyx being 6-cleft, in the corolla being 6-lobed, in
the stamens being 6, and in the capsule being 6-celled ; but
differs in the capsule dehiscing at the base, not at the apex, in
the flowers being lateral, and in the leaves being alternate.
Zanquebar Canarina. Shrub climbing.
Cult. C. campanulata is very desirable, as it flowers
in autumn and winter, when few other plants are in bloom.
After flowering the stem dies down, and the root continues dor-
mant all the summer, when it needs but little water. When the
stem begins to push forth the plants had better be removed to the
stove, as they will not flower so abundantly in the green-house.
A light loamy soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, is the best
soil for it ; and the plant is readily increased by dividing at the
root or by cuttings, planted in the same kind of soil under a
hand-glass. The C. Zanguebarica being a stove shrub will
grow in the same kind of soil recommended for the first species,
and will be easily increased by cuttings.
VII. PLATYCO'DON (from rrXarvc, platys, broad, and
Ku/Swy, kodon, a bell ; in reference to the shape and breadth of the
flowers). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 125. — Campanula species, Jacq.
hort. vind. 3. p. 4. t. 2. Lam. ill. no. 2513. — Wahlenbergia
species, Schrad. cat. hort. gott. ann. 1814. — Campanula sect.
Coddnia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 735.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 127. c.).
Corolla 5-lobed at the apex (f. 127. d.), large, funnel-shaped. Sta-
mens 5 (f. 127. a.), free ; filaments broadest at the base. Stigmas
3-5 (f. 127. 6.). Capsule 3-5-celled, dehiscing by 3-5 valves at
the apex, which are septiferous in the middle ; cells when 5 alter-
nate with the calycine lobes and stamens. Seeds ovoid, larger
than in any genus of the order, shining, but not angular. —
Perennial usually glaucescent herbs, natives of Eastern Asia.
Leaves alternate or nearly opposite, sessile, of a middle size ;
upper ones the smallest. Flowers few, terminal, solitary, pe-
dunculate.
1 P. grandiflorum (Alph. FIG. 127.
D. C. mon. p. 125.) plant quite
glabrous, glaucescent ; leaves
ovate -lanceolate, coarsely ser-
rated ; corollas large, somewhat
5-cleft ; stigmas 5, and capsule
5-celled. If. H. Native of Da-
huria. Gmel. Campanula grandi-
flora, Jacq. hort. vind. 3. p. 4.
t. 2. Curt. bot. mag. 252. Herb,
amat. t. 112. Campanula gen-
tianoides, Lam. diet. 1. p. 781.
ill. 2513. Wahlenbergia grandi-
flora, Schrad. cat. hort. gott.
1814. diss. de gen. Blumenb.
p. 38. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 153.
t. 28. — Amm. stirp. rar. ruth.
no. 16. p. 11. Stems simple. Corollas deep blue. Peduncles
terminal, (f. 127.)
Great-flowered Platycodon. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1782. PI.
| to 1 foot.
2 P. homalla'nthinum (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 126.) plant
rather pilose at the top ; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate ;
corolla deeply 5-cleft; stigmas 3; capsule 3-celled. 1/. H.
Native of the east of Siberia, near Ijiga, ex Fisch. ; of
Kamtschatka, ex Redowsk ; and of China, ex Sir G. Staunton.
Stems simple. Leaves coarsely and unequally serrate-toothed,
VOL. III.
glabrous. Flowers usually 4-6, disposed in a loose raceme ;
pedicels hairy, 1 -flowered. Calyx hairy. Corolla downy.
Var. a, latifolium (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves broader, coarsely
serrated. If. H. Campanula Redowskiana, Cham, et Schlecht.
in Linnaea.4. p. 41. Camp, homallanthina, Led. act. petrop. 5.
p. 524. Wahlenbergia Kruhsiana, Fisch. in herb. D. C.
Far. /3, angustifblium (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceo-
late, quite entire. % . H. Campanula homallanthina, Led. act.
petrop. 5. p. 524.
Equal-fiowered Platycodon. PI. \ to 1 foot.
Cult. These species of Platycodon are neat elegant plants
when in blossom. They do best in pots in a mixture of sand
and peat, placed among other alpine plants ; they will also
grow very well planted in a peat border. We know of no way
of increasing them but by seeds.
VIII. MICROCO'DON (from pmpos, mikros, small, and
Kudav, kodon , a bell; in reference to the shape and smallness
of the flowers). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 127. — Campanula spec.
Eklon. — Wahlenbergia spec. Schrad.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla
5-lobed at the apex, small, cylindrical, permanent. Stamens 5,
free ; filaments very slender, not expanded at the base. Style
filiform ; stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled, dehiscing by 5 valves
at the apex ; cells alternating with the calycine segments and
stamens. Seeds ovoid, small, shining, but not angular. — Humble
annual herbs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
alternate or nearly opposite, small, narrow, sessile : superior
ones rather the longest. Branches at the base of the plant oppo-
site and diverging. Flowers almost sessile. Tube of calyx
spherical and very hairy.
1 M. glomera'tum (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 127. t. 19.) stem
branched ; branches simple ; leaves linear, acuminated ; flowers
glomerate, terminal. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Campanula hispidula, Eklon, in herb. Dunant, but not
of Lin. Campanulaceae, Burch, cat. pi. afr. austr. no. 189.
Stems rather pilose. Leaves somewhat denticulated, rather
hairy.
Glomerate-Powered Microcodon. PI, 5 to ^ foot.
2 M. sparsiflorum (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 128.) stem branch-
ed : branches subdivided ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers
solitary. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Wahlen-
bergia hispidula, Schrad. in herb. D. C. Campanula hispidula,
Link, enum. p. 215. Stem pilose. Leaves rather pilose.
Flowers solitary towards the tops of the branches, not terminal,
but rising from the axils of the upper leaves or bracteas.
Scattered-Powered Microcodon. PI. \ foot.
Cult. The seeds of these plants should be raised on the hot-
bed ; and when the plants are of sufficient size they may be
planted out into the open border in May in a warm sheltered
situation.
IX. WAHLENBE'RGIA (named after George WTahlenberg,
M.D., author of Flora Lapponica, 1 vol. 8vo. Berlin, 1812,
Flora Carpathorum praecipiorum, 1 vol. 8vo. Gottingen, 1814.
&c.) Schrad. cat. hort. gott. 1814. Roth, nov. spec. ind. orient,
p. 399. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 156. Schrad. diss. de gen.
Blumenb. &c. 1827. p. 37. (exclusive of Campanula grandiflora,
Jacq.) but not of Blum. — Campanula (Codonia), Spreng. syst. 1.
p. 735. — Schult&sia, Roth, enum. pi. phan. germ. pars. 1827.
but not of Spreng. and others. — Cervicina, Delile, fl. d’egypt. p.
7. t. 5. f. 2. — Campanula (Campanopsis) R. Br. prod. p. 561. —
Campanula species, Lin. gen. 88. spec. 240. Juss. gen. 164.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-5-cleft (f. 128.
a.). Corolla 3-5-lobed at the apex (f. 128. b.), rarely divided
to the middle. Stamens 3-5, free ; filaments rather broadest at
5 B
738
CAMPANULACEA5.
IX. Wahlenbergia.
the base. Style inclosed, pilose, but most so towards the upper
part. Stigmas 2-5 (f. 128. c.). Ovarium combined with the tube
of the calyx. Capsule 2-5-celled(f.l28.e.) each opening by so many
valves at the apex, which bear each a dissepiment in the middle.
Seeds very numerous, minute. — Herbs, rarely shrubs, for the
most part annual. Leaves usually alternate, rarely opposite,
generally most numerous towards the lower part of the plant.
Flowers for the most part on long peduncles ; pedicels drooping
at first, but when bearing the capsules are perfectly erect. The
species of this genus are most plentiful in the southern hemis-
phere, particularly at the Cape of Good Hope.
Sect. I. Edraia'ntiia (from eSpaioc, edraios, sedentary, and
avtioe, anlhos, a flower ; in reference to the flowers being sessile,
and usually capitate). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 130. — Campanula
species, Lin. and others. Corolla and calyx 5-lobed. Stamens
5. Capsule 2-3-celled. Seeds ovate, flat — Humble perennial
herbs. Leaves alternate, narrow ; radical ones crowded ; cau-
line ones stem-clasping. Flowers sessile, usually capitate. —
Inhabitants of Italy and the adjacent countries.
* Plants caulescent. Flowers aggregate.
1 W. graminifolia (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 130.) stems and
leaves clothed with soft down ; leaves entire : radical ones linear
or linear-spatulate : cauline ones linear, and somewhat stem-
clasping ; bracteas ovate, acute, entire, rather downy ; tube of
calyx smoothish : but the lobes are downy, and the sinuses
are toothless. % • H. Native of Sicily ; south of Italy, even
to Rome ; and the Island of Zante. Campanula graminifolia,
Lin. spec. 1. p. 234. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 206. but not of
Waldst. et Kit. — Barr. icon. t. 332. — Mor. ox. 2. p. 454. sect.
5. t. 1. f. 9. Cup. panph. 1. p. 736. — Bocc. icon. rar. p. 78.
f. 2. Mor. ox. 2. p. 461. sect. 5. t. 4. f. 41. Colum. phyt. p. 25.
t. 26. ed. 2. p. 118. t. 34. Flowers disposed in solitary, brac-
teated, terminal heaps. Corolla blue ; filaments white ; anthers
yellow.
Grass- leaved Wahlenbergia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816, PI.
\ foot.
2 W. Garga'nica ; perennial, downy, canescent ; stems diffuse
or pendulous, simple ; leaves roundish, cordate : lower ones on
long petioles, deeply and unequally crenated: upper ones dentate ;
crenatures and teeth mucronate ; racemes loose, leafy ; pedicels
filiform, 1 -flowered ; calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated,
reflexed. H. Native of Abruzzo, in the fissures of rocks on
Mount Gangano, now St. Angelo. W. flaccida, Presl, symb. p.
29. t. 18. but not of Alph. D. C.
Gargano Wahlenbergia. PI. diffuse.
3 W. Kitaibe'lii (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 131.) stems beset
with soft pili ; leaves ciliated a little : radical ones linear-subu-
late, remotely denticulated ; bracteas ovate, acuminated, den-
tately subserrated, ciliated with villi ; tube of calyx villous, and
the lobes subdenticulated, as well as the sinuses, and downy on
both surfaces. 1/. H. Native of Croatia, on chalky moun-
tains; and of Transylvania, in the fissures of calcareous rocks.
Campanula graminifolia, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p.
166. t. 154. exclusive of the synonymes. Host, fl. austr. 1. p.
268. exclusive of the synonyme of Camp, tenuifolia, Waldst. et
Kit. Plant tufted. Stems purplish. Radical leaves crowded.
Flowers disposed in terminal bracteated heaps. Corolla blue,
with a tinge of purple ; filaments white ; anthers yellowish.
Kitaibel’s Wahlenbergia. PI. \ foot.
4 W. tenuifolia (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 133.) stems pilose ;
leaves linear, entire, with bristly margins; bracteas ovate, acumi-
nated, ciliated with bristles ; tube of calyx rather pilose ; lobes
of calyx ciliated with bristles, and the sinuses toothless. H.
1
Native of Croatia, at the foot of the mountain called Plisswicza;
also near Fiume. Campanula tenuifolia, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar.
hung. 2. p. 168. t. 155. Campanula graminifolia, Host, fl.
austr. 1. p 268. exclusive of the synonymes of Column, and
Waldst. et Kit. Campanula graminifolia, /3, Schow. plan. ein.
pfl. geogr. ital. p. 11. Stems tufted, purplish. Flowers dis-
posed in dense terminal bracteated tufts, 6-10 in each tuft.
Corolla of a violet-blue colour, white at the base ; filaments
white ; anthers yellow.
Fine-leaved Wahlenbergia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI.
y to \ foot.
5 W. Dalma'tica (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 131.) stems glabrous;
leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, ciliated with hairs ; bracteas
ovate-acuminated, entire, ciliated ; tube of calyx rather pilose ;
lobes of calyx entire, ciliated, rather pilose on the back, with
the sinuses toothless. 1/ . H. Native of Dalmatia, on the east
of Salona. Stems reddish. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Heads
containing 6-10 flowers, bracteate. Corolla blue; filaments
ciliated ; anthers yellow. Plant tufted.
Dalmatian Wahlenbergia. PI. ^ to ^ foot.
* * Stems short. Flowers solitary.
6 W. pumilio (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 134.) plant tufted; stems
short, very leafy ; leaves linear, entire, glabrous beneath, revo-
lute on the margins at top, and pilose in the middle : hairs ad-
pressed, pencilled or in tufts at the tops of the leaves ; upper
leaves broadest at the base, and covering the flower ; tube of
calyx obconical, glabrous ; lobes of calyx entire, similar to the
leaves. !(.. H. Native of Dalmatia, in the higher alpine
ranges of Mount Bioccovo. Campanula silenifolia, Host, fl.
austr. 1. p. 268. but not of Fisch. Campanula pumilio, Por-
tenschl. ined. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 136. Visiau. stirp.
dalm. spec. p. 29. Plant with the habit of Silene acaulis.
Flowers sessile, solitary, numerous. Corolla azure blue; an-
thers yellow.
Dwarf Wahlenbergia. PI. tufted.
Sect. II. Aikinia (named in honour of John Aikin, a British
botanist). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 135. — Campanula species, Lin.
Camp. sect. Codonopsis, R. Br. prod. 561. — Wahlenbergia spe-
cies, Schrad. Corolla and calyx 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Cap-
sule 3-5-celled. Seeds ovoid. — Usually annual herbs. Leaves
for the most part alternate. Flowers on more or less elongated
peduncles and pedicels. Generally inhabitants of the southern
hemisphere, particularly of the Cape of Good Hope; also of
Australia and India.
§1 Capsule 5-celled. Seeds shining. Stems erect or ascend-
ing. Peduncles elongated , naked. Leaves alternate, sessile.
All natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
7 W. Cape'nsis (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 136. t. 18.) stem erect,
simple or branched, pilose at the bottom ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, pilose, irregularly toothed : tube of calyx ovoid, very hairy;
corolla 5-cleft, hardly one-half longer than the calycine lobes;
capsule ovoid, pilose. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, in sandy places. Campanula Capensis, Lin. spec. p. 240.
Thunb. prod. p. 39. mem. acad. petersb. 4. p. 374. t. 6. f. 3.
Sims, bot. mag. 782. Roella decurrens, Andr. bot. rep. t. 238.
Wahl, elongata, Schrad. cat. hort. gott. 1814. Willd. enum.
suppl. p. 10. Campanula elongata, Willd. herb. Flowers
large, at first drooping, but at length nearly erect. Corolla
bluish-green on the outside, dark blue inside at the bottom, but
greenish at the origin of the lobes, spotted with black within the
lobes at the recesses, and the lobes are violaceous.
Cape Wahlenbergia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 to
2 feet.
i
CAMPANULACEiE. IX. Wahlenbergia. 739
8 W. diffu'sa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 137.) stem weak, much
branched, glabrous, or rather pilose ; leaves linear, acuminated,
somewhat denticulated ; calyx glabrous or pilose, with a sphe-
rical tube ; corolla 5-lobed at the apex, hardly longer than the
calyeine lobes; capsule spherical, glabrous. ©. H. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Campanula rubioides, Banks,
herb. — Comm. hort. t. 37.? Calyx quadrifid.
Diffuse Wahlenbergia. FI. June, July. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot.
9 W. linea'ris (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 137.) stem flexuous,
erect, filiform, simple and glabrous at the base ; leaves linear,
entire, glabrous ; calyx glabrous or pilose, with a spherical
tube ; corolla 5-lobed at the apex, hardly longer than the calyeine
lobes; capsule spherical, glabrous. ©. H. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope, in sandy places. Campanula linearis, Lin.
suppl. p. 140. Thunb. prod. p. 38. mem. acad. petersb. 4. t. 5.
f. 3. Stem purplish. Flowers somewhat panicled, white ; pe-
duncles and pedicels capillary, drooping when bearing the
flowers, and erect while bearing the fruit.
Linear- leaved Wahlenbergia. PI. \ foot.
§ 2. Capsule 3-celled. Seeds shining or dotted. Stems erect
or procumbent. Peduncles naked, more or less elongated. Leaves
alternate , rarely opposite.
‘ * Seeds usually dotted. Stems branched, slender, usually pro-
cumbent. Leaves sessile or petiolate, and opposite or alternate in
the same specimen.
10 W. fla'ccida (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 138.) plant rather
pilose ; stem erect, simple, rather leafy ; leaves opposite and
alternate, ovate, acute, entire; calyx pilose, with an ovoid tube ;
corolla 5-lobed, one-half longer than the calyeine lobes ; cap-
sule ovoid, spherical. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope, where it was collected by Masson. Campanula flaccida,
Banks, herb. Flowers solitary, terminal. Peduncle not dif-
ferent from the stem, being leafy like it.
Flaccid Wahlenbergia. PI. foot.
11 W. diversifolia (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 139.) stem pro-
cumbent, branched, not very leafy, glabrous above, and pilose
below; leaves alternate and opposite, smoothish : lower ones
obovate-roundish, crenately toothed : the rest ovate-lanceolate,
acute, toothed ; calyx glabrous, with an ovoid-spherical tube ;
corolla one-half longer than the calyeine lobes ; capsule ob-
conically ovoid. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Campanula Eklon, in herb. Dunant. Flowers on long pedicels,
which are either terminal or axillary on the upper part of the
plant.
Diverse-leaved Wahlenbergia. PI. procumbent.
12 W. Madagascarie'nsis (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 139.) stem
erect, branched, glabrous, not very leafy, rather pilose above ;
leaves strictly opposite, ovate, acute, crenated, glabrous ; calyx
rather pilose, with a spherical tube; corolla profoundly 5-cleft,
length of the calyeine segments ; capsule spherical. ©.? H.
Native of Madagascar. Stem branched from the base. Flowers
solitary, pedicellate, situated in the axils of the forks of the
branches.
Madagascar Wahlenbergia. PI. A foot.
13 W. procu'mbens (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 140. t. 15.) plant
glabrous or rather pilose ; stems creeping, branched, very leafy;
leaves opposite or verticillate, ovate or obovate, nearly entire ;
tube of calyx ovoid ; corolla 5-lobed at top, 3 times longer than
the calyeine lobes ; capsule ovoid, spherical. 7/ . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope, in watery places. Campanula pro-
cumbens, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 174. mem. acad. petersb. 4. p. 375.
Lin. fil. suppl. 141. Wahl, repens, Schrad. diss. de Blumenb.
p. 37. — Burch, cat. pi. afr. austr. no. 355. Flowers solitary,
usually terminal, but sometimes axillary, pedicellate. Corolla
pale blue ; anthers yellow.
Far. (i, foliosa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 140. t. 15. f. 6.) stems
shorter ; leaves approximate and smaller. 1/ , G. Campa-
nula, Burch, cat. pi. afr. no. 361. and no. 508.
Procumbent Wahlenbergia. PI. creeping.
* * Seeds dotted. Stems branched, slender, usually procum-
bent. Leaves petiolate, alternate.
14 W. hedera'cea (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 146.) glabrous ;
stems slender, ascending ; leaves on long petioles, cordate-
roundish, bluntly 5-7-angled; corolla 5-lobed at the apex, 4
times longer than the calyeine segments ; capsule hemispherical.
%. H. Native of the west of Europe and North America, in
watery places. In Europe, from the north of Portugal to
Denmark, but towards the east it becomes more rare. In
Britain, abundant in Cornwall, and in many parts of the
west of England ; in Sussex abundant ; Keston Common, near
Bromley, Kent; on Hartlebury Common, Worcestershire; on
a hog near High-Beech, Epping Forest. In the county of
Cork, Ireland. In several parts of the lowlands of Scotland ;
and in the Scilly Islands. Campanula hederacea, Lin. spec,
p. 240. Oed. fl. dan. t. 330. Smith, engl. bot. t. 73. Hook. fl.
lond. t. 93. Campanula hederaefolia, Salisb. prod. 127. Cam-
panula arvatica, Lag. in variet. de cienc. litt. &c. no. 29. oct.
1805. p. 40. Aikinia hederacea, Salisb. in herb. D. C. Schul-
tesia, Roth, enum. pi. 1. p. 1807. — Moris, oxon. 2. p. 456.
sect. 5. t. 2. f. 18. Pluk. phyt. 23. f. 1. Petiv. gaz. t. 51. f. 1.
— Tourn. inst. 1. p. 112. Garid, aix. 1. p. 76. Stems filiform,
creeping and ascending. Peduncles naked, one-flotvered, usually
terminal, but sometimes axillary. Corolla pale blue.
Ivy-like Wahlenbergia. Fl. May, June. England. PI. ^
foot.
* * * Seeds shining. Stems more or less erect. Leaves alter-
nate, sessile, narrow.
a. Peduncles elongated.
15 W. gra'cilis (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 142.) stem simple or
branched, glabrous or pilose ; leaves alternate or nearly oppo-
site, linear-lanceolate, sinuately toothed, glabrous; calyx smooth-
ish, with an ovoid tube ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; cap-
sule obovate. $ . ? G. Native of Van Diemen’s Land ; and
of New Holland, about Port Jackson ; and of New Caledonia
and New Zealand. All the varieties grow in New Holland,
except var. e, which only grows in New Zealand. Campanula
gracilis, Forst. prod. no. 84. Sims, bot. mag. 691. R. Br. prod,
p. 561. Campanula vincasflora, Vent. malm. t. 12. Cam-
panula capillaris, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1406. Peduncles terminal
and axillary, elongated, 1 -flowered. Corolla blue, with a white
or yellowish bottom. Anthers yellowish.
Far. 1 3, slricta (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 142.) stem branched,
straight ; leaves more numerous, opposite, linear-lanceolate ;
calyeine segments linear, exceeding the tube of the corolla a
little, which is discoloured on the outside. ) leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, glabrous; flowers termi-
nal, almost solitary ; pedicels and calyxes tomentose ; corolla
campanulate ; style exserted. 1 ? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Montin. in. nov. act. ups. 2. p. 289. t. 9. f. 1.
E. passerineefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 332. — Petiv. gen.
t. 3. f. 7. Corolla 2-h lines long ; pericarp tomentose. — Perhaps
a species of Ceramia.
Sparrow-wort-like Heath. FI. Winter and Spring. Clt.
1808. Shrub.
* * Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
133 E. erioce'phala (Andr. heath. 2. t. 37.) leaves 3 in a
whorl, and are as well as the calyxes and corollas woolly ; brac-
teas remote and approximating the calyx ; anthers a little ex-
serted ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; corolla urceolate, Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1270.
E. canescens, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 407. E. gnaphalioides,
Hortul. Flowers with a purplish-red calyx, and a white corolla.
Style exserted.
Woolly-headed Heath. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
134 E. tubercula'ris (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 330.) leaves
3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; corolla 1 ^ line long, rough from
tubercles, with a globose tube ; filaments mutic ; pericarp on
a long stipe. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica inclyta, Sol. mss. Anthers minute, smooth. Flowers
purple.
Tubercular-ft owered Heath. FI. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
135 E. cilia'ris (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 354. Loefl. res. p. 138.
Lin. diss. no. 39. with a figure of the flower) leaves 3 in a whorl,
ovate, glandularly ciliated, spreading, rather remote ; flowers
terminal, subracemose, secund ; calycine segments spatulate, cili-
ated ; bracteas approximating the calyx, sessile ; corolla smooth,
ovate, more ventricose on the upper side. 1? . H. Native of
Portugal ; and Cornwall. Wendl. eric. 7. p. 3. Curt. bot.
mag. 484. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 394. Lodd. bot. cab. 1805.
Corolla 4 lines long, pale red. Style exserted.
Ciliated- leaved Heath. FI. Aug. Sept. Britain. Shrub
1 foot.
136 E. absinthoides (Lin. mant. p. 66.) leaves 3-4 in a
whorl, linear, scabrous, more or less ovate, rather remote ;
flowers twin, terminal on axillary branches, drooping ; calyx
and corollas glabrous ; bracteas remote from the calyx, leaf-
like ; corolla globose, viscid ; stamens exserted. Jj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. E. virgularis a, Salisb. in
Lin. trans. 5. p. 324. E. virgata and E. virgulata, Wendl. E.
exserta, Hort. Corollas white, with a red apex.
Wormwood-like Heath. FI. March, July. Clt. 1792. Shrub
li foot.
137 E. hispidula (Lin. suppl. p. 222.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
ovate-roundish, ciliated, rather remote ; flowers axillary and ter-
minal, usually solitary, erect ; corolla urceolate, viscid. . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. lnspida, Thunb. diss.
no. 20. E. virgata hirta, Wendl. eric. 13. p. 35. E. virgu-
laris, S, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 324. Flowers terminating the
small branches, reddish-purple. Bracteas remote from the
calyx. Style exserted. Perhaps a species of Ceramia.
Small-hispid Heath. FI. Spring. Clt. 1791. Shrub 1 ft.
138 E. carne'ola (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 5.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
scattered ; pedicels bracteate ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; co-
rolla oblong-ovate. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Corollas purplish-red. Nearly allied to E. Sainsburyana in
habit. Style exserted.
Flesh-coloured- ft. owered Heath. FI. Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
139 E.? Coleeter (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 192.) branches
straight, hairy ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, revolute, rather
hispid, spreading ; flowers axillary, drooping, clammy ; corolla
urceolate ; style exserted ; stigma peltate. . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope.
Colleter Heath. Shrub.
* * * Leaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
140 E. odora'ta (Andr. heath. 3. t. 64.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
glandularly ciliated, spreading ; flowers terminal, umbellately
verticillate, drooping ; pedicels coloured ; bracteas remote from
the calyx ; corolla campanulate, viscid. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 633. Sims, bot. mag.
1399. Corolla white, very like those of some species of An-
dromeda. Style inclosed.
Sweet-scented Heath. FI. April, July. Clt. 1804. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
141 E. prope'ndens (Andr. heath. 2. t. 45. Sims, bot. mag.
21408.) downy ; leaves 4 in a whorl, short, ciliated; branches
flexuous ; bracteas approximating the calyx ; flowers terminal,
solitary or by threes; corolla bell-shaped. T? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 63. Calycine seg-
ments jagged or serrated. Corolla purple, or deep red. Style
inclosed.
Fropendenl-ft owered Heath. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 foot.
142 E. pali/stris (Andr. heath. 2. t. 46.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, obtuse, downy ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas
ERICACEAE. I. Erica. 799
; remote from the calyx ; corollas cylindrically bell-shaped ; an-
thers a little exserted. P? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lodd. hot. cab. t. 4. Branches divaricate. Corollas
reddish-purple.
Marsh Heath. FI. April, June. Clt. 1799. Shrub 1 ft.
143 E. visca'ria (Andr. heath. 1. t. 43.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, glabrous, spreading ; flowers axillary, disposed in verti-
I cillate spikes or racemes, drooping ; corolla campanulate, clothed
I with clammy down ; bracteas approximating the calyx, sessile ;
calycine segments ciliated ; fruit silky. Pj • G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 726. Icon. pi. kew.
| t. 1. E. viscida, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 372. Corolla pale
purplish-red, 3 lines long, with a cup-shaped ribbed tube. Style
j inclosed.
Var. a, incana ; leaves hoary, \\ to 3 lines long. I? . G. E.
: viscaria, Thunb. diss. no. 40. Lin. mant. 321. diss. no. 45. with
a figure.
Var. /3, glabra ; leaves green, 3-5 lines long. Pj . G. E.
I viscaria, Andr. heath. 1. t. 43. Icon. pi. kew. t. 1.
Clammy Heath. FI. April and Autumn. Clt. 1774. Shrub
j| 2 feet.
144 E. pyramidiformis (Wendl. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 198.)
I leaves linear, hispid, spreading, 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal,
usually by threes, erect ; calyxes adpressed, hispid ; stigma qua-
drifid. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
| purplish-red, campanulate.
Pyramid-formed, Heath. FI. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1818. Shrub
l! 2 feet.
145 E. nidicula'ria (Lodd. bot. cab. 764.) glabrous; leaves
| 4 in a whorl, short, obtuse ; flowers terminal, umbellate ;
I bracteas remote from the calyx; corolla cup-shaped; style
l exserted ; anthers mutic. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
l Hope. Flowers white.
Nest-like- flowered Heath. FI. Oct. Clt. 1809. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
146 E. be'lla (Lodd. bot. cab. 307. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 197.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, filiform, smoothish, spreading, in-
curved at the apex; pedicels terminal, racemose, hispid, erect;
( calyx reflexed : style filiform ; corolla campanulate ; anthers
1 mutic. P? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. pul-
chella, Hortul. Flowers red. Style exserted.
Beautiful Heath. FI. Jan. Oct. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 ft.
147 E. styla'ris (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 198.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, linear, obtuse, much spreading, and are as well as the
branches hispid ; flowers terminal, glomerate, erectish ; calyxes
| coloured, spreading, ciliated ; corolla campanulate ; style much
i exserted ; stigma capitate. P? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Anthers mutic.
I, ong- styled Heath. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub 2
feet.
1 48 E. juba'ta (Lodd. bot. cab. icon.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
| linear, filiform, rather clammy, incurvedly spreading ; pedicels
i terminal, corymbose, hispid ; calyx tetragonal, coloured, ser-
I rulated ; corolla campanulately rotate ; anthers mutic. P? . G.
! Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Bearded Heath. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
149 E. Const a/ntia (Bedf. eric. vvob. p. 6.) leaves 4 in a
j whorl ; flowers terminating the branches ; bracteas remote from
[| the calyx ; corolla bell-shaped. P2 . G. Native of the Cape of
;| Good Hope. Style exserted.
Constantia Heath. Clt. 1810. Shrub 2 feet.
150 E. congesta (Wendl. eric. fasc. 17. p. 75.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, linear, pilose, spreading ; flowers axillary, capitate, droop-
ing ; calyx foliaceous, imbricate, toothed ; corolla campanulate,
open ; bracteas sessile ; anthers mutic. P? • G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Style exserted.
Crowded-L owered Heath. FI. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1
foot.
* * * * Leaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
151 E. flexicau'lis (Dry. in hort. kew. 2. p. 395.) leaves
linear, 4 in a whorl, spreading, oblong, glandularly ciliated ;
flowers terminal, umbellate ; calyxes coloured, glandularly cili-
ated. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. glandu-
losa, Andr. heath. 2. t. 58. but not of Thunb. Corollas purple,
urceolate. Style inclosed.
Bent-stemmed Heath. FI. May, Jan. Clt. 1800. Shrub
foot.
152 E. perla'ta (Hortul. ex Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 18.)
leaves 4 in a whorl ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas re-
mote from the calyx ; corolla globose ; anthers a little exserted,
mutic. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla
reddish-purple; anthers reddish-orange. Style exserted.
Broad-L owered Heath. FI. Spring and Autumn. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
153 E. cruciformis (Andr. heath, vol. 4. icon.) leaves 4 in
a whorl, linear, glabrous, spreading ; flowers terminal, by fours,
decussate ; corolla urceolate ; anthers mutic. Pj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple. Style inclosed.
Cross-formed Heath. FI. April, Nov. Clt. 1 800. Shrub
1 foot.
154 E. mellifera (Hort. ex Link. enum. 1. p. 370.) leaves
4 in a whorl, linear, hairy, spreading, rather remote ; flowrers
terminal, aggregate ; calyxes foliaceous ; corolla campanulate ;
anthers mutic ; style capitate, exserted. Pj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Branches hairy. Corollas purple. An-
thers exserted, awmed.
Honey-hearing Heath. Shrub.
155 E. Sicula (Schonberg, in Linnaea. 2, p. 614.) leaves 4 in
a whorl, petiolate, linear, nearly terete, canescent ; flowers ter-
minal, on long pedicels, subumbellate, canescent, erect ; calycine
segments and bracteas membranous, coloured, about equal in
length to the corolla : corollas ovate-oblong, downy. ^ • H.
Native of Sicily. Flowers red.
Sicilian Heath. FI. April, June. Clt. 1819. Shrub 2 to
3 feet.
156 E. aggrega'ta (Wendl. eric. fasc. 13. p. 11.) leaves 4 in
a whorl, linear, hairy, spreading; flowers terminating the small
branches ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla globose,
downy, with an erectish limb. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1678. Flowers purplish-red
the whole forming branched racemes. There is also a white-
flowered variety of this. Style exserted.
Aggregate-Lowered Heath. FI. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
1 foot.
* * * * * Leaves 5-6 or more in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
157 E. decora (Andr. heath. 3. t. 66. Ait. hort. kew. t.
392.) leaves 6 in a whorl, elongated, recurved ; flowers axillary,
mutant, disposed in spikes or racemes ; bracteas remote from
the calyx ; corolla campanulate ; anthers a little exserted. Pj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1383.
E. spiralis, Hortul. Flowers pale red.
Graceful Heath. FI. Nov. Jan. Clt. 1790. Shrub 2 feet.
158 E. Beaumontia'na (Roll. Lodd. bot. cab. 16S6.)
glabrous ; leaves linear, 5-6 in a whorl ; flowers axillary and
terminal, drooping ; pedicels many-bracteate ; corolla campanu-
late ; style a little exserted. P? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Corollas white. Allied to E. propendens.
Beaumont's Heath. FI. June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot.
****** Leaves 5-6 in a whorl. Corolla urceolate.
159 E. cerinthoides ( Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 505. diss. no. 43.
800
ERICACEAE. I. Erica. II. Gyfsocallis.
with a figure) leaves 5-6 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, pilose and
ciliated, bearded at the apex ; flowers terminal, capitate, droop-
ing ; corolla oblong, with an inflated tube, clothed with viscid
hairs outside ; bracteas sessile, larger than the calyx ; segments
of calyx cuneated. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Andr. heath. 1. t. 50. Curt. bot. mag. t. 220. Lodd. bot. cab.
1679. Berg. pi. cap. p. 104. — Breyn. cent. p. 25. t. 13.
Wendl. eric. 7. p. 9. with a figure. E. crinifolia, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 367. Corollas scarlet or crimson, 8-10 lines long.
There are several trifling varieties of this species in the gar-
dens.
Cerinthe-like Heath. FI. May, Nov. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
§ 4. Anthers corniculate. Leaves 3 or 4 in a whorl.
160 E. magnifica (Andr. heath, vol. 4. icon.) leaves 3 in
a whorl ; flowers terminal by threes or fours ; corollas ovate ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; anthers corniculate. T? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish-red.
Style inclosed.
Magnificent Heath. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 feet.
161 E. Savillea'na (Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 22.) leaves 4
in a whorl, linear, glabrous, erect ; peduncles loosely racemose,
axillary ; calyx foliaceous, narrow ; corollas globose-oblong ;
anthers corniculate. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. E. Savillea, Andr. heath. 3. t. 27. E. Savillii, Lodd.
hott. cab. 96. Flowers red, or purplish-red. Style inclosed.
Countess of Scarborough’ s Heath. FI. April. Sept. Clt.
1800. Shrub 1 foot.
162 E. tene'lla (Andr. heath. 2. t. 31.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
glabrous ; flowers terminal by fours ; corollas urceolate ; anthers
corniculate. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Lodd. hot. cab. 375. Flowers small, pale purplish-red. Style
inclosed.
Delicate Heath. FI. Year. Clt. 1791. Shrub ^ foot.
163 E. gra'cilis (Andr. heath. 1. t. 2.) stem and branches
glabrous ; leaves glabrous, 4 in a whorl, linear ; flowers
terminal ; corolla ovate-globose, or urceolate ; anthers cornicu-
late. Tj • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot.
cab. 244. Flowers small, purplish-red. Style inclosed.
Slender Heath. FI. Feb. May. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
164 E. pr#:' cox (Bedf. hort. eric. p. 19. Lodd. bot. cab.
1413.) leaves 4 in a whorl, acicular, spreading; flowers small,
globosely bell-shaped, disposed in terminal racemose fascicles ;
bracteas remote from the flower ; anthers corniculate. T? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, purplish-
red. Style exserted.
Early Heath. FI. March. Clt. 1820. Shrub ^ foot.
165 E. fimbria'ta (Andr. heath. 3. t. 23.) leaves 3-4 in a
whorl ; flowers terminal, capitate ; corolla globose ; bracteas
imbricated, ciliated ; anthers corniculate, a little exserted. 1? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 1047.
Flowers red.
Fringed Heath. FI. March, May. Clt. 1806. Shrub 1 foot.
166 E. seta'cea (Andr. heath. 1. t. 24.) leaves 3 in a whorl ;
flowers terminal ; corolla globose, bell-shaped ; bracteas remote
from the calyx ; anthers corniculate. 1? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, purplish-red. Style
exserted.
.SWnceoM.s-leaved Heath. FI. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1796. Shrub
1 foot.
f Species, not known to which genera of the Normal Ericece
they belong.
167 E. lavandul#:folia (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 332.) stem
hoary ; leaves 3 in a whorl, hoary ? ; flowers terminal ; bracteas
close to the calyx ; corollas 2 lines long, with a 4-angled tube,
and an incurved limb ; filaments very broad at the base ; an-
thers inclosed, mutic. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Lavender-leaved Heath. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub.
168 E. crisiveflora (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 332.) leaves 3 in
a whorl ; flowers terminal ; calyx 4-toothed ; corolla 2 lines
long, having the limb 3 times longer than the tube, entire at the
base ; anthers mutic, inclosed ; pericarp smooth. J? . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica melanthera, Thunb.
diss. no. 12. but not of Lin. Perhaps a species of Lophdndra.
Crest-flowered Heath. FI. May, June. Clt. 1803. Shrub.
169 E. cumuliflora (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 336.) leaves 3 in
a whorl; fascicles 7-12-flowered, terminal; calyx hoary; co-
rolla 2g lines long, having the limb ciliated at bottom ; anthers
mutic, inclosed ; pericarp hairy ; stigma narrow. ^ . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica aggregata, Roxb. mss.
— Perhaps a species of Lamprotis. Flowers purplish-red.
Heap-flowered Heath. FI. May, Sept. Clt. ? Shrub.
170 E. genistalfolia (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 337.) flowers
terminal, by threes ; calyx viscid ; corolla 2 lines long, having
the limb ciliated at bottom ; anthers mutic, inclosed ; pericarp
smooth ; stigma broad. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica tetraloba, Roxb. mss. — Perhaps a species of
Lamprotis.
Genista-leaved Heath. FI. June, Dec. Clt.? Shrub 1 foot.
171 E. periploc#:fl6ra (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 337.) leaves 3
in a whorl, lanceolate-cuneated ; flowers terminal, on long pedi-
cels ; calyxes short, orbicular ; corolla 1-2 lines long; anthers
appendiculate, inclosed ; stigma narrow. T? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers deep purple. Filaments with
short cuneated spurs. — Perhaps a species of Lamprotis.
Periploca-flowered Heath. FI. May, Dec. Clt. 1812. Shb.
Cult. Elegant shrubs when in blossom, like all the other
genera of the order. Turfy peat, mixed with sand, is the best
soil for the species ; and young tops root readily, if planted
in a pot of sand in spring, with a bell-glass over them, in a
moderate heat. When the plants have grown a considerable
size, the balls of earth should be raised a little above the surface,
so as to prevent water from remaining at the top of the stem,
and the pots in which they are grown should be well drained.
Ill GYPSOCA'LLIS (from y v\poc, gypsos, lime, and KaWia-
roq, kallistos, most beautiful ; the plants are very elegant, and
generally inhabit calcareous districts). Sal. mss. D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153. — Erica species of authors.
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, gluma-
ceous, naked at the base. Corolla campanulate, or short-tubu-
lar, with a dilated mouth. Stamens exserted ; filaments flattened
or filiform ; anthers bipartite ; having the cells mutic at the base,
distinct and substipitate, dehiscing by an oblique pore. Stigma
simple. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — Small shrubs, natives
of Europe and Africa, with whorled acerose leaves, and lateral
or terminal crowded flowers. This genus is easily distinguished
from Erica in the exserted anthers, flattened filaments, and
simple stigma.
§ 1. Anthers mutic at the base, that is, without any horns, awns,
or S2^urs.
* Ijeaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
1 G. va'gans (Salisb. mss. ex Don, in edinb. phil. journ.
17. p. 153.) leaves 4-5 in a whorl, glabrous; flowersaxillary,
racemose ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; pedicels usually
twin ; corolla short, campanulate. f? . H. Native of England,
in Cornwall ; and of the south of France and north of Africa.
ERICACEAE. II. Gypsocallis.
E. vagans, Lin. mant. 2 p. 230. syst. 370. Smith, eng. bot. t. 3.
E. vaga, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 344. E. multiflora, Huds.
angl. 166. Bull. fl. par. t. 203. E. didyma, Stokes, in With,
arrang. 400. E. purpurascens, Lam. diet. 1. p. 488. Flowers
small, pale, purplish-red, in the axils of the leaves, which are
contiguous. Stem glabrous.
Var. /3, alba ; flowers axillary, white.
Var. y, tenella ; flowers white, terminating the small branches.
Var. S, ‘pallida ; flowers pale red.
Common Cornish Heath. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. Shrub
1 foot.
2 G. purpura'scens (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p.
153.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous ; flowers axillary;
corollas tubular or campanulate ; anthers deeply bifid ; calycine
segments awl-shaped. 1? . H. Native of the south of Europe.
Erica purpurascens, Lin. spec. 503. Seg. veron. 280. Thunb.
mon. no. 44. Flowers pale purplish-red.
PurpZis/i-flowered Moor-Heath. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
3 G. raste'llum ; branches flexuous, hispid ; leaves linear,
in fascicles, reflexed ; flowers terminal, tetragonal, drooping a
little ; calyxes coloured, adpressed ; corolla campanulate. .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica rastellum, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 196.
Rastellum Moor-Heath. Shrub.
4 G. microstoma ; leaves 4 in a whorl, clothed with w'oolly
hairs, linear, hispidly ciliated, spreading ; flowers axillary, pedi-
cellate, aggregate ; corolla campanulate. \ . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica microstoma, Berg. pi. cap. p. 97.
Flowers purplish-red.
Small-mouthed Moor-Heath. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
5 G. pilosa ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, spreading, pilose ;
flowers terminal, few, villous, pedicellate, erect ; bracteas remote
from the calyx, spreading, very villous ; corollas campanulate.
. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pilosa, Lodd.
bot. cab. 606. Flowers greenish-yellow.
Pilose Moor-Heath. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 foot.
* * Leaves 4-5 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
6 G. multiflora (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, 1834.)
leaves 4-5 in a whorl, glabrous, linear ; flowers axillary, dis-
posed in a racemose corymb ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
corolla with an urceolar tube, or ovate bell-shaped ; holes of
anthers near the apex. . H. Native of the south of Europe.
Erica multiflora, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 355. diss. no. 58. with a
figure of the flower. Andr. heath. 2. t. 57. Ait. hort. kew. 2.
p. 367. Lodd. bot. cab. 1572. E. juniperifolia, &c. Garid.
aix. p. 160. t. 32. E. multiflora longipedicellata, Wendl. eric,
fasc. 5. p. 7. E. peduncularis, Presl. Corolla 1^ to 2 lines
long, pale red, campanulate, with a reflexed limb; anthers black.
Pedicels twice longer than the corolla.
Many-Jlowered Moor-Heath. Fl. Oct. Feb. Clt.
7 G. ca'rnea (D. Don. 1. c.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, .
glabrous; flowers axillaiy, drooping, disposed in secund ra-
cemes ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla with a pyra-
midal tube ; anthers foraminose from the middle. Tj . H.
Native of the South of Germany and Switzerland, and the north
of Wales. Erica carnea, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 504. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 11. Jacq. fl. austr. 1. p. 21. f. 31. Scop. fl. earn. ed. 2.
vol. 1. p. 275. Lodd. bot. cab. 1452. Erica herbacea, Lin.
diss. no. 57. with a figure; spec. ed. 2. p. 501. Wendl. eric.
9. p. 7. with a figure. Erica saxatilis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 343. Flowers pale red. Corollas conical, 2J lines long.
Leaves sharply reduplicate.
vol. in.
801
Flesh-coloured-Rowered Moor-Heath. Fl. Jan. April. Clt.
1763. Shrub ± foot.
8 G. Mediterra'nea (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 4-5 in a whorl,
linear-cuneated, glabrous ; flowers axillary, racemose, secund,
nutant ; bracteas above the middle of the pedicels ; corolla
urceolar ; anthers foraminose from the middle. Pj . H. Native
of the south of Europe, in the region of the Mediterranean ; and
of Ireland, &c. Erica Mediterrimea, Lin. mant. p. 229. diss.
no. 59. with a figure of the flower. Wendl. eric. 7. p. 11.
Curt. bot. mag. 471. Erica lugubris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 343. Flowers red, with dark anthers. Corolla 1-| to 2 lines
long.
Mediterranean Moor-Heath. Fl. March, May. Ireland. Shrub
4 to 6 feet.
9 G. horizonta'lis ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, spreading ;
flowers terminal, sessile, usually by threes, drooping ; calycine
segments spatulate, serrated; corolla conical. Tj • G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica horizontalis, Andr. heath. 2.
t. 52. Flowers white, with brown anthers.
Horizontal Moor-Heath. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 to 1^ foot.
10 G. procu'mbens ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, spreading,
glabrous ; flowers terminal, subaggregate, villous ; bracteas re-
mote from the calyx ; corolla globosely ovate. *2 • G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica procumbens, Lodd. bot. cab.
1993. Flowers reddish-purple.
Procumbent Moor-Heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub
procumbent.
1 1 G. hispida ; leaves 4 in a whorl, hispidly ciliated, linear,
spreading, obtuse ; flowers terminal, racemose, pendulous ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla urceolate, globose. 1? •
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica hispida, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 56. Lodd. bot. cab. 1982. Corollas red.
Hispid Moor-Heath. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1791. Shrub
2 feet.
12 G. fle'xilis ; branches villous; leaves 4 in a whorl, beset
with glandular hairs ; flowers axillary, racemose, drooping :
pedicels viscid ; corolla 1-| line long, with an ovate tube ; fruit
woolly. I7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
racemosa, Thunb. diss. no. 47. with a figure. Erica flexilis,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 342. Calycine segments ciliated with
glands.
Bent Moor-Heath. Shrub.
* * * Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
13 G. manipuliflora (D. Don, 1. c.) branches hoary ;
leaves 3 in a whorl, obtuse, smoothish ; flowers disposed in in-
terrupted axillary fascicles; corolla cup-shaped, lj line long;
anthers erect. 1? . H. Native of Arabia and Greece. Erica
manipuliflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 344. Sibth. et Smith,
fl. grace, t. 352. Erica verticillata, Forsk. fl. p. 210. Flowers
pale red.
Handful-flowered Moor-Heath. Shrub.
1 4 G. lana'ta ; leaves 4 in a whorl, woolly ; flowers ter-
minal ; bracteas sessile, imbricated ; corolla short, tubular ;
calyx very hairy. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica lanata, Andr. heath. 3. t. 42. Erica flaccida, Link, enum.
berol. 1. p.367. Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 10. Corollas white,
with brown anthers.
Woolly -flowered Moor-Heath. Fl. July, Dec. Clt ? Shrub.
15 G. leucanthe'ra ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous,
erect ; branches twiggy ; flowers terminal, drooping ; pedicels
glabrous; corolla 1 to 1-1 line long, funnel-shaped, having the
limb quite entire, and length of tube ; anthers foraminose near
5 K
802
ERICACEAE. II. Gypsocallis.
the apex ; calyx glabrous. . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica leucanthera, Lin. suppl. p. 223. but not of
Andr. Erica spiraeaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 330. Flowers
white.
White-anthered Moor-Heath. FI. Jan. May. Clt. 1803.
Shrub.
16 G. Actas'a ; leaves 3 in a whorl, glabrous; flowers ter-
minal on short pedicels ; bracteas approximating the calyx ;
calyx one half shorter than the corolla, with ovate segments,
furnished with a green line; anthers exserted, mutic ; stigma
peltate. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Actae'a, Link. enum. 1. p. 371. but not of Bedf. Corollas
purplish.
Actcea-ti owered Moor-Heath. FI. May, June. Clt. 1822.
Shrub.
17 G. nigricans; leaves 3 in a whorl, spreading, a little re-
flexed, linear, glabrous, awned at the apex ; flowers terminal,
usually by threes; pedicels bracteate, and are as well as the
calyx coloured and viscid ; corolla campanulately rotate, with a
revolute limb. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica nigrita, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 54. ■ Flowers white ; anthers
black.
Blackish Moor-Heath. FI. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
18 G. pa' tens; leaves 3 in a whorl, oval-oblong, ciliated,
spreading ; branches hairy ; flowers terminal, usually by threes ;
calyx coloured, ciliated ; corolla campanulately rotate ; anthers
connivent, scabrous. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica patens, Andr. heath. 2. t. 35. Lodd. bot. cab.
1228. Flowers red.
Ajaraic/t/tg-flowered Moor-Heath. FI. March, June. Clt.
1800. Shrub -J foot.
19 G. conca'va ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous,
spreading ; flowers axillary ; corolla campanulate ; anthers a
little exserted. • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica concava, Ker. in bot. mag. 2149. Flowers pale red.
Concave-ti owered Moor-Heath. FI. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
20 G. acuta'ngula ; leaves 3 in whorl, ? linear ; flowers ter-
minal, usually by twos or threes ; corolla campanulate, with a
short tube, and a reflexed limb. fj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica acutangula, Lodd. bot. cab. 1 868. Flowers
white ; anthers black, exserted. Bracteas approximating the
calyx, sessile.
Acute-angled Moor-Heath. FI. June, July. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
21 G. melanthe'ra ; leaves 3 in a whorl, obtuse, smooth,
spreading ; flowers terminal, subumbellate, nutant ; bracteas re-
mote from the flower ; corolla bell-shaped ; bracteas and calyxes
coloured; stigma obtuse ; fruit silky. T? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica melanth&ra, Lin. mant. 232. Lodd.
bot. cab. 867. Erica lysimachiaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
332. Corolla 2 lines long, having the limb twice the length
of the tube. Flowers red, with black anthers. Calyx large,
and is, as well as the pedicels, coloured.
Black-anlhered Moor-Heath. FI. March, July. Clt. 1803.
Shrub.
22 G. thalictriflora; branches hairy, straight; leaves 3 in
a whorl, linear, glabrous, erect; flowers terminal, 2-3 together,
erect, almost sessile ; bracteas approximating the calyx ; corolla
short, campanulate, with deep open segments. T? • G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica thalictriflora, Lodd. bot. cab.
t. 1294. Flowers yellow.
Meadow- Rue-flowered Moor-Heath. FI. March, May. Clt.
1820. Shrub.
* * * * Leaves 3 in a whorl . Corollas urceolate.
23 G. umbella'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) branches downy ; leaves 3
in a whorl, linear, short, slightly ciliated ; flowers terminal,
umbellate ; bracteas unilateral, pressed to the calyx ; corolla
pea-shaped, with an 8-angled base ; anthers foraminose near
the apex. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
umbellata, Baur. pi. kew. t. 3. Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 501. Loefl.
res. p. 138. Andr. heath. 2. t. 40. Wendl. eric. 4. p. 3. with
a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 1217. Erica lentiformis, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 4. p. 344. Flowers disposed in terminal, umbellate fas-
cicles. Corollas 1-| line long, globosely conical, purplish-red.
Anthers black. Calyx glabrous.
Umbellate Moor-Heath. FI. April, July. Clt. 1782. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
24 G. villosa ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, spreading, villous ;
flowers axillary or terminal, on long pedicels, drooping, usually
by threes ; calycine segments ovate, villous ; corollas urceolate,
with the limb a little connivent. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica villosa, Andr. heath. 3. t. 53. Corollas
white, with black anthers.
Villous Moor Heath. FI. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
25 G. dumosa; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, with revolute
edges, spreading, hispid ; flowers terminal, corymbose, droop-
ing ; calyxes adpressed, foliaceous ; bracteas close to the calyx ;
corollas urceolate. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica dumosa, Andr. heath. 4. icon. Flowers pale
red.
Bushy Moor Heath. FI. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub 1£
foot.
26 G. nudiflor a (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-cuneated, ciliated, or slightly hairy,
spreading; flowers axillary and terminal, aggregate, erect; corolla
ovate-cone-shaped; bracteas minute, remote from the calyx;
fruit smooth. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica nudiflora, Lin. mant. t. 229. Lodd. bot. cab. 176.
Smith, icon. ined. 3. t. 57. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 366. Erica
floribunda, Wendl. eric. 14. p. 19. with a figure. Erica serti-
flora, Sal in Lin. trans. 6. p. 342. Flowers purplish-red. Corolla
1|. line long, with an urceolate tube.
Naked flowered Moor Heath. FI. July, Nov. Clt. 1783.
Shrub 2 feet.
27 G. stami'nea ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, erect;
flowers axillary, scattered ; bracteas approximating the calyx ;
corolla subrotate, about equal in length to the calyx ; stamens
divaricate, much exserted. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica staminea, Andr. heath. 3. t. 48. Flowers
sulphur-coloured.
Long-stamened Moor Heath. FI. June, Sept. Clt. 1799.
Shrub 2 feet.
28 G. tiar/eflora ; leaves 3 in a whorl, stiff, spreading, ob-
tuse ; flowers terminal, glomerate, drooping ; calyx bracteate ;
corolla covered by the calyx, having the tube dilated at the
base ; filaments gradually dilated. Ij • G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica tiaraeflora, Andr. heath. 3. t. 52.
Erica placentiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 348. Plant with
pale hoary aspect. Calyx coloured. Flowers red ; anthers
lilack.
Turban flowered Moor Heath. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 2 feet.
29 G. imbrica'ta ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, erect, imbri-
cated ; branches rather hairy ; calyx imbricated by bracteas ;
corolla urceolate, 1 line long, length of calyx ; flowers terminal,
aggregate, erectish ; pericarp gegartoid. Jj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica imbricata, Lin. mant. 372. diss.
ERICACEAE.
II. Gypsocallis.
803
no. 52. with a figure of the flower, spec. ed. 2. p. 503. Andr.
heath. 1. t. 34. Lodd. hot. cab. 1247. Erica quinquangularis,
Berg. pi. cap. p. 117. Erica pyramidalis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 349. Flowers small, white or red, with brown anthers.
Imbricated-bractead Moor Heath. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1786.
Shrub 1 foot.
30 G. squamjeflora ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear ; flowers
terminal ; bracteas scattered above the middle of the pedicels ;
corolla -§• of a line long, shorter than the calyx ; anthers acu-
minated ; fruit broad, ovate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica squamaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 349.
I Erica imbricata, Roxb. mss. but not of Lin.
Scale-flowered Moor Heath. FI. March. Dec. Clt. 1796.
Shrub 2 feet.
31 G. oe'sia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, short, linear, glabrous;
(flowers terminal, twin, erect ; calyx imbricate by bracteas ; co-
rolla campanulate, f of a line long, shorter than the calyx ; an-
thers obtuse, with a broad dissepiment ; fruit ovate ; stigma
broadish. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
cae'sia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 349.
Grey Moor Heath. Shrub.
32 G. flexuosa ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, erect,
short ; flowers terminal, usually by threes, erect ; bracteas
scattered above the middle of the pedicels, imbricate, small ;
corolla bell- shaped, 1 line long, longer than the calyx, which is
coloured ; anthers obtuse, with a narrow dissepiment ; nectarium
large ; fruit imbricate. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica flexuosa, And. heath. 1. t. 23. Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 349. Lodd. hot. cab. 1495. E. divaricata, Wendl.
eric. 7. p. 5. Flowers white, with red anthers.
Flexuous Moor Heath. FI. April, July. Clt. 1792. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
33 G. lascIva ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear ; flowers termi-
j nal ; calyx imbricated by bracteas ; corolla §■ of a line long, a
little shorter than the calyx ; anthers foraminose from the base ;
I stigma peltate. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica lasciva, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 349. Erica imbricata,
Thunb. diss. no. 11.
Wanton Moor Heath. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1
[ to 2 feet.
34 G. diotajflora ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers axillary at
I the top of the branches ; calycine segments cuneated ; corolla
1-| line long, with an urceolate tube ; anthers a little exserted ;
pericarp downy. T? • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica diotaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 342. Erica pistillaris,
Sol. mss.
Two-eared-flowered Moor-Heath. FI. April, May. Clt. 1795.
Shrub.
35 G. stylosa ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; pedi-
cels long, furnished with bracteas near the calyx ; corolla 1 line
| long, a little longer than the calyx ; anthers pointed ; fruit oval ;
style very long. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica stylosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 350. Erica bracteata,
j Roxb. mss. but not of Lin.
Long-styled Moor Fleath. FI. Jan. Aug. Clt. 1789.
i Shrub.
36 G. Pohlma'nnii ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ? obtuse, imbricated ;
| flowers terminal ; corolla with a globose tube, and a 4-parted
| limb ; anthers a little exserted. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of
j Good Hope. Erica Pohlmannii, Lodd. bot. cab. 1852. Flowers
pale red, with deep red anthers.
Pohlmann's Moor-Heath. FI. May. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
37 G.longipeduncitla'ta; leaves oval, mucronate, 3 in a whorl,
hispid ; flowers terminal, umbellate, on long pedicels, pendulous ;
bracteas remote from the calyx, deciduous ; calyxes adpressed ;
corolla ovate ; anthers mutic. T? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica longipedunculata, Lodd. bot. cab. 103.
Flowers large, purple, pedicellate, and are, as well as the
calyxes, beset with glandular hairs.
Long-peduncled Heath. FI. July, Nov. Clt. 1805. Shrub
1 foot.
38 G. roste/lla ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ;
bracteas imbricated ; corolla ovate-globose. 1? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica rostella, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 21.
Flowers white.
Small-beaJced Moor-Heath. FI. April. June. Clt. 1810.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
39 G. pelta'ta ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ;
bracteas remote from and approximating the calyx ; corolla
round, with deep, loose segments. J? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica peltata, Andr. heath. 4. icon. Erica
exserta, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 9. Flowers pale purplish-red.
Peltate Moor-Heath. FI. Spring, Autumn. Clt. 1810.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
§ 2. Anthers corniculate. Aberrant species.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas campanulate.
40 G. articula'ris ; leaves 3 in a whorl, glabrous ; flowers
terminal, umbellate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; anthers
corniculate ; corollas slender, campanulate. Ij . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica articularis, Bedf. hort. eric,
wob. p. 2. but not of Thunb. nor Curt. Flowers reddish-
purple.
Jointed Moor-Heath. Shrub.
41 G. Loddige'sii ; leaves 3 in a whorl, downy ; flowers termi-
nal ; bracteas approximating the calyx, sessile; corolla campanu-
late, with deep segments ; anthers awned. J? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica concava, Lodd. bot. cab. 134. but
not of Ker. Flowers pale purplish-red, spreading. Probably a
species of Erica.
Loddiges's Heath. FI. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2
feet.
42 G. interte'xta ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ciliated with long
hairs ; flowers sessile; bracteas approximating the calyx, which
is ciliated ; corolla round, campanulate ; anthers awned. fj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica intertexta, Lodd.
bot. cab. 1034. Flowers yellow. Anthers black.
Interwoven- leaved Moor-Heath. FI. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Shrub \\ foot.
43 G. fanicuea'ta ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, triquetrous,
glabrous ; branches tomentose ; flowers terminal, by threes ;
corolla f of a line long, campanulate, having the segments im-
bricate at the base ; spurs of anthers linear, smooth ; style ex-
serted. *2 • Gh Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
paniculata, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 508. Lodd. bot. cab. 1194.
Erica millefldra, Berg. pi. cap. p. 96. Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
350. Flowers red. There is also a white-flowered variety of
the species.
Panicled-d owered Moor-Heath. FI. Feb. April. Clt. 1774.
Shrub.
44 G. Bedfordia'na ; leaves 3 in a whorl; flowers terminal;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla bell-shaped ; anthers
awned, exserted, as well as the style. T? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica mellifera, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 15.
Duke of Bedford’s Gypsocallis. FI. Spring. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
* * Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corollas urceolate.
45 G. fra'grans ; glabrous ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl,
5 k 2
804
ERICACEAE. II. Gypsocallis. III. Bl^eria.
subulate ; flowers terminal or lateral, usually by twos ; corolla
campanulate, with a revolute limb ; ambers exserted, black,
mutic. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
fragrans, Ker, in bot. mag. 2181. Flowers pale red, with
blackish anthers. Perhaps a species of Lamprotis.
Fragrant Moor-Heath. FI. Spring. Clt. 1803. Shrub.
46 G. nigrita (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, triquetrous, glabrous, shining, spread-
ing ; flowers terminal, usually by threes ; pedicels pilose, with
broad imbricating bracteas, which are coloured like the calyx ;
corolla globosely bell-shaped, or urceolar, with a revolute limb ;
fruit tomentose. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica nigrita, Lin. diss. mant. 65. Thunb. diss. no. 53.
Andr. heath. 1. t. 32. Wendl. eric. fasc. 12. p. 11. with a
figure. Erica lancina, Berg. pi. cap. p. 94. E. volutaeflora,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 335. — Seb. thes. 2. p. 11. t. 9. f. 7.
Sides of calyx recurved at top. Corolla white, with black cor-
niculate anthers.
Black- anthered Moor-Heath. FI. April, July. Clt. 1790.
Shrub 1 foot.
47 G. lyrigera ; leaves 3 in a whorl, shining, linear, trigonal ;
flowers terminal ; corolla urceolate, with a recurved limb ; spurs
of anthers serrated ; anthers lyraeform, hairy ; fruit tomentose.
T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica lyrigera,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 336. Erica nigrita, Roxb. but not of
Sal. Flowers white, with black anthers.
Lyre-bearing Moor-Heath. FI. Feb. May. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
* * * Leaves 4 in a rvliorl. Corollas campanulate.
48 G. cistifolia ; leaves 4 in a whorl, beset with glandular
hairs ; flowers terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
corolla bell-shaped, with reflexed segments ; anthers subcorni-
culate. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
cistifolia, Link. enum. 1. p.369. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 5. Co-
rollas white. Calyx hairy.
Cistus-leaved Moor-Heath. FI. April, May. Clt. 1823.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
49 G. exprompta ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, spreadingly
reflexed, hairy, bearded at the apex ; branches woolly ; flowers
aggregate, terminal, drooping ; corolla campanulate ; anthers
awned or corniculate. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica exprompta. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 195.
Drawn-out-anthered Moor-Heath. FI. April, Sept. Clt.
1811. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. See Erica, p. 800. for culture and propagation of the
greenhouse species ; and Calluna, p. 828, for those of the
hardy kinds.
III. BLAi'RIA (named after Patrick Blair, M.D. F.R.S.
He practised medicine at Boston in Lincolnshire, and was
author of Miscellaneous Observations in 1718, and Botanic
Essays in 1720, &c.) Lin. gen. 139. Juss. gen. 160. D. Don,
in Edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 157. Erica species, Sal. in Lin.
trans.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentandria Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted.
Corolla short-tubular, with a 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4-6, in-
serted in the receptacle ; filaments linear, flattened, glabrous ;
anthers bipartite ; cells of anthers attenuated at the base, mutic,
dehiscing by an oblong bole. Stigma simple, obtuse. Capsule
4-celled, many-seeded. — Much branched shrubs, natives of the
Cape of Good Hope. Leaves verticillate, with revolute mar-
gins. F'lowers terminal, glomerate.
Anthers mutic.
1 B. ericoIdes (Lin. spec. 162.) leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong,
obtuse, ringed ; bracteas 3, length of calyx ; stamens 4-5, ex-
serted. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Blae'ria, Thunb. prod. 72. Wendl. coll. 1. p. 73. p. 25.
Lodd. bot. cab. 85. Erica dumosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. p. 341.
Erica Blae'ria rubra, Hortul. — Petiv. gaz. 471. t. 2. f. 10.
Erica orbicularis, Lodd. bot. cab. 153. Corolla purplish red.
Calyx bibracteate.
bar. fi, pallida ; (Lodd. bot. cab. 85.) Flowers pale red.
Heath-like Blaeria. FI. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
2 B. depre'ssa (Licht. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p.
168.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, spreading, hairy; anthers
exserted. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Co-
rolla cylindrical, rufescent.
Depressed Blaeria. FI. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub
depressed.
3 B. sca/bra (Willd. spec. 1. p. 629.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
lanceolate, pilose ; calyx funnel-shaped, glabrous ; corolla gla-
brous; stamens 4, exserted. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Wendl. coll. 1. p. 85. t. 31. Erica scabra,
Thunb. prod. 1. p. 72. Erica exilis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
340. Flowers purplish-red.
Scabrous Blaeria. FI. May, June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1
foot.
4 B. fascicula'ta (Willd. spec. 1. p. 629.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, lanceolate, ciliately scabrous ; stamens 4, exserted. ?
1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica fasciculata,
Thunb. prod. 72. fl. cap. 2.
Fascicled-d owered Blaeria. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot.
5 B. articula'ta (Lin. mant. 198.) leaves 4 in a whorl,
ovate or linear, glabrous, shining ; bracteas solitary ; calyx fun-
nel-shaped, hairy ; stamens 4-5, exserted. Jj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica articulata, Thunb. prod. 71.
Wendl. coll. 2. p. 19. t. 44. Erica paleacea, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 341. Erica eriocephala, Lam. encyc. no. 73. ill. 78.
Flowers reddish. Heads drooping.
Jointed-stemmed Blaeria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1795. Shrub
1 foot.
6 B. purpu'rea (Willd. spec. 1. p. 630. Lin. suppl. 122.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, subciliated ; stem flexuous, erect ;
anthers inclosed. I2 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica purpurea, Thunb. prod. 71. Flowers purple. Heads
drooping.
Purjile-doweved Blaeria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1791. Shrub.
7 B. mucosa (Willd. spec. 1. p. 630. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p.
150.) leaves 4 in a whorl ; calyx pilose ; corolla campanulate,
pilose above ; flowers axillary ; stigma peltate. Jj . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica albens. Thunb. prod.
70. ?
Mossy Blaeria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot.
8 B. pusilla (Lin. mant. 39. Willd. spec. 1. p. 629.) leaves
3-4 in a whorl, linear, hairy ; flowers racemose, drooping. .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pusilla, Thunb.
prod. p. 70. Branches downy. Leaves scabrous.
Least Blaeria. Shrub.
9 B. hirsu'ta (Licht. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 170.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, fleshy, nearly terete, spreading; calyx
pilose; corolla cylindrical; anthers 4, exserted. ^ . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla flesh-coloured. An-
thers black.
Hairy Blaeria. Shrub.
10 B. pauciflora (Wendl. coll. 2. p. 17. t. 43.) leaves 3 in
a whorl, ovate, glabrous ; corolla clavate, glabrous ; calyx
ERICACEAE. III. Biaeria. IV. Sympieza. V. Pachysa.
hairy ; anthers exserted. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Flowers red.
Few-flowered J3\eeT\a. FI. June, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub.
11 B. Thunbe'rgii ; leaves 4 in a whorl; bracteas and
calyxes very pilose ; corolla 2 lines long, hairy ; stamens 4-5,
very broad at top, inclosed. 1? • G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica hirsuta, Thunb. prod. p. 72. Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 339.
Thunberg’s Blaeria. Shrub.
12 B. ciliciifl6ra ; leaves 3 in a whorl, minute ; calyx
very pilose ; bracteas distinct ; corolla 1-| line long, hairy ; sta-
mens 4, inclosed. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica ciliciiflora, Sal. in. Lin. trans. 339. Anthers didymous,
bearded.
Ciliated-flowered Blaeria. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
13 B. xeranthemifolia; leaves 3 in a whorl, recurved;
calyx woolly, imbricate ; corolla If lines long, woolly ; stamens
exserted. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
I xeranthemifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 339.
Xeranthemum-leaved Blaeria. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
14 B. nodiflora ; leaves 3 in a whorl, villous ; calyx funnel-
I shaped, very villous ; corolla 1|- line long, hairy ; stamens 4,
exserted. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
nodiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 340.
Knot-flowered Blaeria. FI. March, Aug. Clt. 1799. Shrub.
II 5 B. flosculosa ; leaves 4 in a whorl ; calyx fringed ;
corolla | line long, with a very narrow tube and dilated limb ;
stamens 4, exserted, with very narrow filaments. • G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica flosculosa, Sal. in Lin.
I trans. 16. p. 340. The flowers resemble the florets in the disk
of Composites.
Flosculose Blaeria. Shrub.
16 B. barbi'gera ; leaves 4 in a whorl ; calyx deeply 4-cleft,
(imbricated by bracteas, bearded ; corolla glabrous, 2 lines long ;
stamens 4-5, exserted ; style very narrow. I? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica barbigera, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 341.
( Beard-bearing Blaeria. Shrub.
17 B. turma'eis ; leaves 6 in a whorl ; peduncles very
short; calyx minute, adpressed ; corolla 2 lines long ; stamens
4-5, exserted ; anthers broad. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica turmalis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 342.
Trooper Blaeria. Shrub.
18 B. equisetifolia; leaves 3 in a whorl; flowers 3-5 in a
fascicle; peduncles long, glabrous; corolla 1-| line long; sta-
mens 4-5, exserted. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica equisetifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 342.
Horsetail-leaved Blaeria. FI. July. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
§ 2. Anthers owned.
19 B. glabe/lla (Willd. spec. 1. p. 631.) leaves 4 in a
whorl, oblong, glabrous, with scabrous margins, numerous ;
bracteas solitary ; calyx funnel-shaped, quadrangular ; corolla
2 lines long ; stamens 4, exserted ; spurs of anthers deflexed.
I? • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. B. purpurea,
Berg. pi. cap. 34. B. pusilla, Lin. mant. p. 39. Erica gla-
1 bella, Thunb. prod. 73. Erica embolifera, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 340. — Seb. thes. 1. p. 30. t. 20. f. 2. Flowers purple.
Smooth Blaeria. FI. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
20 B. cilia'ris (Lin. suppl. 122.) leaves 4 in a whorl, gla-
brous, minute ; calyx very hairy ; corolla l-§- line long, hairy ;
! stamens 4-5, inclosed ; filaments spurred. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Wendl. coll. 2. p. 35. t. 49.?
805
Erica plumosa, Thunb. prod. 73. Sal. in Lin. trans 6.
p. 339.
Ci^afed-calyxed Blaeria. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1794. Shrub
1 foot.
21 B. dumosa (Wendl. coll. 2. p. 3. t. 38.) leaves 3-4 in a
whorl, linear, obtuse, erect, 1 line long ; corolla 1^ line long,
glabrous ; anthers crested, exserted. Pj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers rose-coloured, drooping.
Bushy Blaeria. FI. June, July. Clt. 1806. Shrub 1 foot.
22 B. brunlefolia ; leaves 6 in a whorl, long ; bracteas near
the calyx, the outer one very long ; corolla line long ; sta-
mens 6, exserted ; filaments spurred. T? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica bruniaefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 341. Erica hemispherica, Sol. mss.
Brunia-leaved Blaeria. Shrub.
Cult. Pretty little shrubs, deserving a place in every collec-
tion of greenhouse plants. A mixture of turfy peat and sand is
the best soil for them ; and young tops root readily, planted
in a pot of sand in spring, with a bell-glass over them.
IV. SYMPIE'ZA (from avpmtiHb), sympiezo , to press ; in
reference to the stamens, which adhere to the tube of the
corolla.) Licht. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 8. no.
447. and p. 171.
Lin. syst. Teirdndria Monogynia. Calyx turbinate, com-
pressed, bilabiate, fringed. Corolla tubular, sub-bilabiate,
longer than the calyx. Stamens 4-5, inserted in the tube of the
corolla, exserted ; anthers erect ; style length of stamens ;
stigma simple. Capstde 4-celled, many-seeded. — A small
branched shrub, native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
adpressed, erect, imbricated, 3 in a whorl, linear, trigonal, gla-
brous, engraven by a line above. Flowers drooping, disposed
in terminal heads, purplish.
1 S. capitella'ta (Licht. 1. c.) , 1? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Blaeria bracteata, Wendl. coll. 2. p. 1. t. 37.
Erica labiAlis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 340. Heads of flowers
disposed in a racemose manner.
Small-headed Sympieza. FI. June, August. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
Cult. See Blceria above for culture and propagation.
V. PACHY'SA (from na^vs, pachys , thick; in reference to
the thick substance of the corolla). D. Don, in edinb. phil.
journ. 17. p. 153. — Erica species of authors.
Lin. syst. Octdndria Monogynia. Calyx deeply 4-parted,
(f. 135 a.) coriaceous. Corolla nearly globose, (f. 135 c.) coriaceous,
with a contracted 4-lobed mouth, (f. 135 d.) Stamens inclosed ;
filaments much dilated ; anthers bifid ; cells of anthers short,
crested at the base, opening by an oblique foramen. Style dilated
at the base; stigma simple, obtuse. Disk hypogynous, elevated.
Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — Small erect shrubs, natives of
the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves loosely imbricated, compressed,
3 in a whorl. Flowers large, terminal, subcorymbose, drooping ;
pedicels bracteolate.
1 P. a'rdens (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153.) leaves
linear, spreading, glabrous, 3 in a whorl, stiff; corolla ovate, glo-
bose ; bracteas 3, 2 approximate to the calyx and one remote
from it. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
ardens, Andr. heath. 2. t. 14. Ker. hot. reg. t. 115. Bedf.
eric. wob. pi. 3. f. 23. Lodd. bot. cab. 47. Flowers orange-
red.
Ardent Pachysa. FI. April, June. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
S06
ERICACEAE. V. Paciiysa. VI. Ceramia.
2 P. ve'rnix (D. Don. 1. c.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, ra-
ther scabrous, spreading ; co-
rolla ovate-globose, very clam-
my ; bracteas remote from the
calyx. 1? • G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica
vernix, Andr. heath. 3. t. 19.
Bedf. eric.w'ob.t. 3. f. 21. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1443. Erica resinosa,
Sims, bot. mag. 1. 1139. Corollas
orange-red, tipped with green.
Varnished Pachysa. FI. May,
Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
3 P. arista'ta ; leaves 3 in
a whorl, linear, spreading,
rouglnsh ; corolla ovate-globose,
clammy ; bracteas approximating the calyx ; cells of anthers
awned. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
vernix, var. coccinea, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 27. t. 3. f. 22. Co-
rolla reddish-orange, tipped with green. This species differs
from the rest in the anthers being awned, not crested.
Awned- anthered Pachysa. FI. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
4 P. Lambertia'na ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous,
spreading ; corollas glabrous, ovate-globose ; bracteas 3, 2 near
the calyx, and 1 remote from it. T? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica Lambertia, Andr. heath. 2. t. 18.
Erica Lambertiana, Sol. in Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 391. Lodd.
bot. cab. 3. Calyx red. Corollas white.
Lambert's Pachysa. FI. May, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
5 P. physodes ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, with glandular
margins ; calycine segments ovate ; corollas ovate-globose :
bracteas remote from the calyx. ^ • G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica physodes, Thunb. diss. no. 89. Lin.
diss. no. 32. spec. ed. 20. p. 506. Berg. fl. cap. 101. Andr.
heath. 1. t. 22. Curt. bot. mag. 443. Wendl. eric. 7. p. 13.
with a figure. Bedf. eric. w'ob. pi. 3. f. 24. Erica salax, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p. 370. Leaves glutinose. Corollas white
and clammy, having the interstices of the limb ending in a tumid
hook.
Bladder- flowered Pachysa. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1788.
Shrub.
6 P. Formosa ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, obtuse, spreading;
calyxes spreading ; corolla ovate-globose, clammy. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica formosa, Thunb.
diss. no. 80. t. 3. f. 3. Corolla white.
Beautiful Pachysa. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
7 P. ba'ccans (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, trigonal, glabrous, erect ; bracteas
approximating the calyx ; corolla turbinate, with a 4-angled
tube. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica bac-
cans, Lin. mant. 233. Curt. bot. mag. no. 358. Andr. heath.
1. t. 21. Wendl. eric. 6. p. 13. Baur. icon. kew. t. 22.
Erica baccaeformis, Sal. in. Lin. trans. 6. p. 352. Seb. thes. 1.
p. 32. t. 21. f. 3. Calyx and bracteas coloured. Corolla red-
dish-purple.
Berry- flowered Pachysa. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
8 P. vesicula'ris ; leaves 3 in a whorl, besprinkled with
black vesicles ; corolla 1 line long, clothed with viscid pu-
bescence ; anthers inclosed: spurs of anthers parallel, cuneated;
fruit silky. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica vesicularis, Sol. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 335. Erica conacea,
Hortul.
Vesicled Pachysa. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub.
9. P. glomiflora ; leaves 3 in a whorl, narrow-cuneated ;
flowers terminal ; calyx imbricated by bracteas ; corolla 2-j
lines long, viscid, with a spherical tube ; spurs of anthers very
villous, b . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
glomiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 330. Erica visckria, Sol. mss.
Tufted-flowered Pachysa. Shrub.
Cult. See Erica , p. 800. for culture and propagation.
VI. CERA'MIA (from Kepayior, Iceramion, a pitcher ; shape
of flow'ers). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153. — Erica
species of authors.
Lin. syst. Octandria Monogy nia. Calyx 4-parted, gluma-
ceous. Corolla urceolate, with a 4-lobed limb. Stamens in-
closed; filaments dilated, flat; anthers bifid; cells of anthers
short, aristate at the base. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled,
many-seeded. — Small erect shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good
Hope. Leaves scattered, bluntish, flat, glaucous beneath.
Flowers terminal, subcorymbose.
1 C. urceola'ris (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, 1834).
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, pubescent; bracteas re-
mote from the calyx ; corollas downy, urceolate. T j . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica urceol&ris, Berg. pi.
cap. p. 107. Sol. in hort. kew. 2. p. 395. Wendl. eric. p. 311.
with a figure. Baur. pi. Ker. t. 16. Erica Caffra, Lin. spec.
502. Erica lamellaris, Sol. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 327. Erica
pentaphylla, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 506. Corolla 3 lines long,
white. Spurs of anthers glabrous.
Pitcher-^ owered Ceramia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1778.
Shrub.
2 C. auricula'ris ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate ;
corolla 3 lines long, downy outside, with an ovate tube ; spurs
of anthers minute, ear-formed. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica auricularis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 327.
Like the preceding, but differs in the spurs of the anthers.
Auricled- anthered Ceramia. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 foot.
3 C. marifolia (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate,
downy ; bracteas near the calyx ; corolla ovate-globose, pubes-
cent both inside and outside ; spurs of anthers downy. 1? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica marifblia, Sol. in Ait.
hort kew. 2. ed. 2d. p. 402. Baur. icon. pi. kew. t. 14. Andr.
heath. 1. t. 1. Wendl. eric. 2. p. 9. with a figure. Calyxes
foliaceous. Corolla white, If line long.
Cat-thyme-leaved Ceramia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1792.
Shrub 2 feet.
4 C. iielianthemifolia ; leaves opposite, obovate; corolla
urceolate, 2 lines long, downy both inside and outside ; spurs of
anthers long. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica helianthemifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 328. Corollas
white. ?
Rock-rose-leaved Ceramia. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1796.
Shrub.
5 C. planifolia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, ciliated, re-
motish ; flow'ers axillary, by threes ; corolla urceolate, clothed
with viscid dow’n ; calyx spreading, ciliated with glands ; fruit
smooth. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
planifolia, Thunb. diss. no. 60. Berg. pi. cap. p. 10. Lin.
spec. ed. 2d. p. 508. Wendl. eric. 10. p. 59. Erica thymi-
folia, Sal. in. Lin. trans. 6. p. 325. Corolla red. Anthers in-
closed. Stem diffuse.
FIG. 135.
ERICACEAE. VI. Ceramia. VII. Desmia. VIII. Eurylepis.
807
Var. ft ; anthers exserted. Tj . G. Erica planifolia. Willd.
spec. 2. p. 362. — Pluk. mant. p. 69. t. 347. f. 1.
Var. y ; corolla smooth ; anthers exserted. . G. Erica
thymifolia, Wendl. obs. p. 48.
1 Flat-leaved. Ceramia. FI. June, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub 2
feet.
6 C. thymifolia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, spreading, re-
motish, ciliated ; flowers axillary, solitary ; spurs of anthers
short ; corolla globose, urceolate, downy. ? Ij . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica thymifolia, Andr. heath. 2. t.
29. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 402. Bracteas remote from the
calyx. Corollas white, but in Andrew’s figure they are red or
purple.
Thyme-leaved Ceramia. FI. March, Nov. Clt. 1789.
j Shrub.
7 C. teucrifolia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, rather vil-
lous, spreading ; flowers axillary, cymose. Tj . G. Native of
| the Cape of Good Hope. Erica teucrifolia, Spreng. syst. 2,
p. 109.
Teucrium-leaved Ceramia. FI. May, Sept. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
8 C. corda'ta ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, sub-cordate, vil-
j lous above and woolly beneath ; branches divaricate, hairy ;
corollas globose ; anthers mutic. J? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica cordata, Andr. heath. 3. t. 41. Co-
rollas white, with black anthers.
Cordate-\ea\ed Ceramia. FI. April, June. Clt. 1799.
Shrub diffuse.
9 C. ? calathiflora ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, imbricated ;
flowers terminal ; calyx tomentose ; corolla campanulate, 1 line
long, smooth ; spurs of anthers cuneated, hairy ; fruit tomen-
i tose ; style exserted. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
| Hope. Erica calathiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 328. Erica
; bicolor, Thunb. diss. no. 57. Willd. spec. 2. p. 363.
Bowl-flowered Ceramia. FI. Nov. March. Clt. 1790.
! Shrub.
10 C. latifolia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate,
| villous above and white beneath, as in the rest of the species ;
flowers axillary, aggregate; corollas conical ; genitals exserted;
anthers mutic. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica latifolia, Andr. 2. t. 41. Flowers dark red or purple.
Branches flexuous.
Broad-leaved Ceramia. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
1 1 C. obliqua ; leaves obliquely verticillate, linear, truncate,
with glandular margins ; spikes of flowers terminal, coarctate ;
corollas urceolate, viscid, having the interstices of the limb end-
ing in a tumid hook each; anthers awned. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica obliqua, Thunb. diss. no. 73.
with a good figure. Baur. pi. kew. t. 3. Andr. heath, 1. t. 23.
Wendl. eric. 17. p. 77. with a figure. Bracteas remote from
the calyx ; calycine segments linear-oblong. Corollas pale
purple.
Oblique-\eaved Ceramia. FI. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1789.
j Shrub.
12 C. oxycoccifolia; stems decumbent, filiform; leaves 3
in a whorl, ovate ; corolla 1-J line long, campanulate, hairy ;
filaments mutic. T? • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica oxycoccifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 325. — A very
pretty species, with the habit of Oxycoccus palustris. Flowers
red.
Cranberry -leaved Ceramia. FI. Feb. May. Clt. 1791.
Shrub decumbent.
13 C. ble'nna ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, ovate, cuneated ; co-
rolla urceolate, 4-5 lines long, viscid, having the segments im-
bricated at the base ; filaments very broad ; anthers corniculate.
J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — A very fine spe-
cies. Corollas yellow, with a green mouth. Perhaps a species
of Pachy'sa.
Blenna Ceramia. Shrub.
14 C. serpyllifolia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, ciliated,
sessile ; flowers terminal ; branches hairy. T? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica serpyllifolia, Lodd. bot. cab.
744. Corollas white.
Wild- Thyme-leaved Ceramia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
15 C. ? humifu'sa ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, oval ;
corolla 1 1 line long, with an ample limb ; flowers terminal ;
anthers mutic, inclosed ; style much exserted. T? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica humifhsa, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 332.
Trailing Ceramia. FI. June, July. Clt.? Shrub.
Cult. See Erica, p. 800. for culture and propagation.
VII. DE'SMIA (from deopr), dtsme, a fascicle ; in reference
to the glomerate flowers). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July,
1834. — Erica species of authors.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-toothed. Co-
rolla globose, with a contracted 4-toothed mouth. Stamens ex-
serted ; filaments flattened ; cells of anthers short, dehiscing by
an oblong foramen, with the base truly simple and confluent in
the filament. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds scrobiculate. — Small erect shrubs, natives of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves scattered, spreading, subulate. Flowers
terminal, glomerate.
1 D. confe'rta (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 153.)
flow’ers umbellate, sessile, fasciculate ; filaments narrow. T? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica conferta, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 50. Sol. in Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 409. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1335. Leaves 4 in a whorl. Corollas white.
Crowded-^ owered Desmia. FI. Oct. Feb. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 foot.
2 D. /equa'lis (D. Don. 1. c.) umbels pedunculate, aggre-
gate; filaments dilated. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
Equal Desmia. Shrub.
3 D. polifolia (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, aristate ;
flowers fascicled ; corollas oblong, with a dilated throat ; fila-
ments dilated ; stigma nearly simple. J? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope.
Polium-leaved Desmia. Shrub.
Cult. See Erica, p. 800. for culture and propagation.
VIII. EURYLE'PIS (from tvpvc, eurys, broad, and \£7ric,
lepis, a scale ; in reference to the dilated scales of the calyx).
D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154. — Erica species of
authors.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, coria-
ceous, bibracteate at the base. Corolla tubular, coriaceous,
ventricose at the base, with a 4-cleft erect limb. Stamens in-
closed ; filaments dilated, canaliculate ; anthers bipartite; cells
of anthers coriaceous, dehiscing by an oblong foramen, auricled
at the base. Stigma clavate, with a 4 tubercled disk and a cre-
nulated ring. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. Segments of
placenta 2-lobed. Seeds oval, ventricose. — Diffusely branched
shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves scattered,
with revolute margins. Flowers terminal, solitary, large, pen-
dulous.
1
808
ERICACEAE. VIII. Eurylepis.
§ 1. Anthers mut'ic at the base. Normal species.
1 E. halica'caba (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, linear,
glabrous, spreading ; flowers terminal, solitary, or by threes ;
corolla ovate-tubular, glabrous ; bracteas ovate, near the calyx ;
fruit spherical; calyx adpressed. . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica halicacaba, Thunb. diss. no. 51. Lin.
diss. no. 3. with a figure of the flower, spec. ed. 2. p. 507.
amcen. acad. 5. p. 85. Andr. eric. 2. t. 36. Wendl. eric. 6. p.
7. with a figure. Erica rupestris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 353.
Corolla 7-8 lines long, sulphur-coloured, or yellow'ish-green.
AeM/e-flowered Broad-scaled-Heath. FI. May, Aug. Clt.
1780. Shrub.
2 E. AZALEiEFOLiA ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate; flowers
terminal; corolla 1-| line long, hairy; anthers mutic, exserted,
foraminose the whole length. f? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica azaleaefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 334.
Azalea-leaved Broad-scaled-Heath. Shrub.
3 E. a'lbens (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, pilose ; flowers axillary ; bracteas
remote from the calyx ; calyxes acuminated ; corolla ovate,
urceolate, 3 lines long. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica albens, Lin. diss. no. 34. mant. p. 233. Curt,
bot. mag. t. 440. Lodd. bot. cab. 95. Erica viminalis, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p. 387. Flowers cream-coloured.
Whitish-fi owered Broad-scaled-Heath. FI. Feb. Aug. Clt.
1789. Shrub.
4 E. tetragona ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, acuminated,
ciliated, erectly spreading ; flowers axillary, erect ; corolla 4
lines long, with a pyramidal 4-angled tube ; calycine segments
cuspidate and ciliated. Tj. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica tetragona, Thunb. diss. no. 5. with a figure.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1239. Erica pugioniformis, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 387. Flowers yellow.
Tetragonal-^ owered Broad-scaled-Heath. FI. July, Sept.
Clt. 1789. Shrub.
5 E.Thunbe'rgii (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, glaucous ; flowers subter-
minal, umbellate ; corolla with a medioliform tube, and the
base of the limb entire ; anthers papulose. 1? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Thunbergii, Lin. suppl. p. 220.
Andr. heath, vol. 4. icon. Lodd. bot. cab. 277. Ait. hort. kevv.
2. p. 389. Bedf. eric. wrob. pi. 4. f. 2. Sims, bot. mag. 1214.
Erica medioliflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 331. Corolla with
a globose tube and a large limb, of a reddish-orange colour at
top, and greenish-yellow at the base. — A remarkable species.
Thunberg’s Broad-scaled-Heath. FI. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1794.
Shrub 1 foot.
6 E. bractea'ta ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, glabrous,
adpressed ; flow'ers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas large, obo-
vate, and are, as well as the calyxes, coloured ; corolla 2 lines
long, having the segments crenulated. . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica bracteata, Thunb. diss. no. 3.
Erica obvallaris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 387. Filaments
spurred.
Bracteate Broad-scaled-Heath. FI. May, June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 foot.
7 E. mucrona'ta ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, cus-
pidate, spreading, glabrous ; flowers terminal, racemose ; calyx
bracteate, coloured, about equal in length to the corolla, which
is campanulate. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica mucronata, Andr. heath. 3. t. 43. Flow'ers reddish-
purple.
Mucronate- leaved Broad-scaled-Heath. FI. May, Aug. Clt.
1800. Shrub 1 foot.
8 E. petiola'ta ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear
spreading, on cuneated fringed petioles ; flowers terminal, by
threes ; bracteas broad, imbricated, ribbed, about equal in
length to the corolla, which is bell-shaped, 2\ lines long, and
downy at apex. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica petiolaris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 334. Erica petiolata,
Thunb. diss. no. 7. with a figure. Andr. heath. 3. t. 40. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1 150. Bracteas pale red. Corollas white, with black
anthers.
Petiolate- leaved Broad-scaled-Heath. FI. May, July. Clt.
1774. Shrub 1 foot.
9 E. ? obcord^ta ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, keeled,
broad, erect, with scabrous margins ; floral leaves or bracteas
dilated ; flowers terminal ; calyxes spreading, about equal in
length to the corolla, which is urceolate ; bracteas loose, ribbed.
I? • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica obcordiita,
Link. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 17. Calyx and corolla purplish-
red.
Obcordate Broad-scaled-Heath. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 foot.
10 E. crossa'ta ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, linear, cus-
pidately awned, glabrous, spreading ; flowers terminal, usually
by threes ; peduncles, bracteas, and calyxes fringed ; corolla
conical. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
crossata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 201.
Poi-flowered Broad-scaled-Heath. FI. May, June. Clt.?
Shrub.
§ 2. Anthers arvned or corniculate at the base.
1 1 E. fra'grans ; leaves 3 in a whorl, subulate, glaucous,
erect ; flowers drooping, terminal, usually by threes ; bracteas
large ; calyx coloured, about equal in length to the corolla,
which is campanulate and spreading; anthers bifid at the base,
corniculate; stigma obtuse. • G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica fr&grans, Andr. heath. 2. t. 27. Lodd. bot.
cab. 288. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 407. Calyx and corolla pur-
plish-red.
Fragrant Broad-scaled-Heath. FI. March, June. Clt. 1803.
Shrub | foot.
12 E. gla'bra; leaves 4 in a whorl, spreading, glabrous;
flowers terminal, on short pedicels ; bracteas remote from the
calyx; calyx foliaceous ; corolla 7-8 lines long, white ; anthers
subinclosed. I? • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica glabra, Link. enum. 1. p. 362. Corolla white.
Glabrous Broad Scaled Heath. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Shrub.
13 E. sexfa'ria (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, spreading, placed so as to
appear in 6 ranks ; flowers terminal, nearly sessile, drooping ;
bracteas imbricate, angular ; corolla campanulate, a little shorter
than the calyx, glabrous, scarious; stigma obtuse; fruit smooth;
spurs of anthers long. Ij • G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica sexfaria, Bauer, pi. kew. t. 11. Andr. heath. 2.
t. 28. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 364. Erica spumosa, Thunb. diss.
no. 14. Flowers white; anthers black, a little exserted.
Six-ranked- leaved Broad-scaled-Heath. FI. May, June.
Clt. 1774. Shrub \ foot.
14 E. pyrola;fl6ra (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl,
linear-cuneated, glabrous ; flowers terminal, aggregate ; calyx
bracteate, equal in length to the corolla, which is urceolate ; seg-
ments of the calyx ovate, cuneated; spurs of anthers broad, ear-
formed. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
triflbra, Willd. spec. 2. p. 356. exclusive of the synonymes.
Erica pyrolaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. p. 2. Flowers white.
Corolla 2 lines long, with a 4- angled spherical tube.
ERICACEAE. VIII. Eurylepis. IX. Eurystegia.
809
W inter-Gr een- flowered Broad-scaled Heath. Shrub.
15 E. triflora; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-cuneated, gla-
brous, spreading ; flowers terminal ; segments of calyx obcu-
neated ; corolla If line long, with a turbinate rather 4-angled
tube ; spurs of anthers narrow-cuneated. • G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica triflora, Lin. mant. 374.
diss. no. 23. with a figure of the flower. Thunb. diss. no. 79.
with a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 1733. Erica triflora arist&ta,
Wendl. obs. p. 47. eric. fasc. 12. p. 13. Erica fOgax, Sal.
in. Lin. trans. 6. p. 351. Corolla white, about the length of
the calyx.
Three-flowered Broad-scaled Heath. FI. March, June. Clt.
1774. Shrub 1 foot.
16 E. palliiflora; stem angular; leaves lanceolate-cune-
ated, glabrous; flowers terminal; corolla If line long, a little
longer than the calyx ; spurs of anthers ear-formed, glabrous.
, *2 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica palliiflora,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 351. Erica Candida, Sol. mss. Flowers
I white.
Chaff-flowered Broad-scaled Heath. FI. Feb. Aug. Clt.
1796. Shrub 1 foot.
17 E. ? diosMjEfolia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, shining ; flowers
1 terminal ; corolla 2 lines long, with imbricated segments ;
filaments very narrow ; spurs of anthers attenuated, serru-
lated. f? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
diosmaefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 350. Erica subserr&ta,
Roxb. mss.
Diosma-leaved Broad-scaled Heath. FI. April, July. Clt.
1792. Shrub.
18 E. rigidifolia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, stiff, shining,
erectly spreading ; flowers terminal, aggregate, drooping ;
calyxes coloured, about equal in length to the corolla, which is
i campanulate ; anthers appendiculate. f? . G. Native of the
j Cape of Good Hope. Erica rigidifolia, Wendl.
Stiff-leaved Broad-scaled Heath. FI. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Shrub.
19 E. fachyphy'lla ; leaves 3 in a whorl, petiolate, el-
j liptic, thick, short, quite glabrous, shining, with scabrous
J edges ; flowers aggregate, terminal, glabrous ; calyx equal in
length to the corolla, which is urceolate. hc . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pachyphylla, Spreng. syst. 2.
i p. 199.
Thick-leaved Broad-scaled Heath. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1
foot.
20 E. Monsonle ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, attenuated and
I ovate, erect, placed so as to appear in 4 ranks ; flowers ter-
i minal, nutant ; corollas oblong, inflated, 7-9 lines long ; brac-
teas imbricate, reflexed; calyx recurvedly spreading; anthers
awned ; fruit globose, quadrangular. T? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica Monsdniae. Bauer, pi. kew. t. 7.
Andr. heath. 2. t. 1. Sims, bot. mag. 1915. Erica Monso-
niana, Lin. suppl. 223. Thunb. diss. no. 52. with a figure.
Wendl. eric. fasc. 10. p. 9. with a figure. Erica variifolia, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p. 353. Flowers white. Corolla twice longer
! than the calyx.
Lady Monson’s Broad-scaled Heath. FI. April, Sept. Clt.
1787. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
IX. EURYSTE'GIA (from evpv q, eurys, broad, and art yy,
stege, a cover ; in reference to the large calyx). D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154. — Erica species of authors.
Lin. syst. Ocidndria Monogy'nia. Calyx 4-parted, large,
j glumaceous. Corolla urceolate, with a contracted 4-toothed
mouth. Stamens inclosed ; filaments dilated, flat ; anthers
vot. hi.
bipartite, opening by an oblong foramen, biappendiculate at the
base : appendages flattened, decurrent, erosely crenated. Stigma
capitate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — Densely branched
shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves loose, subu-
late, with revolute margins. Flowers almost solitary, drooping,
white or rose-coloured.
1 E. glauca (D. Don. in. edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, glaucous, linear, erectly spreading ; flowers
terminal, umbellate ; bracteas remote from the calyx. J? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica glauca, Andr. heath.
1. p. 15. Sims, bot. mag. 580. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p.386. Calyx
and bracteas red. Corolla purplish.
Glaucous Large-calyxed Heath. FI. May, July. Clt. 1792.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
2 E. e'legans ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glaucous, spread-
ing ; flowers terminal, numerous, capitate ; bracteas near the
calyx, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
elegans, Andr. heath. 3. t. 16. Sims, bot. mag. 966. Lodd.
bot. cab. 105. Bracteas and calyxes pink. Corolla pink, tipped
with green.
Elegant Large-calyxed Heath. FI. Nov. Feb. Clt. 1799.
Shrub i to 1 foot.
3 E. andromed.efl6ra (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p.
154.) leaves 3 in a whorl, green, ciliated, stiff, spreading;
flowers axillary ; bracteas remote from the calyx. • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica andromedaeflora,
Andr. heath. 3. t. 13. Sims, bot. mag. 1250. Lodd. bot. cab.
521. Erica pomifera, Hortul. Flowers deep red, or reddish-
purple. Calyx pale.
Andromeda-flowered Large-calyxed Heath. March, June.
Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
4 E. lanuginosa ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, ciliated ;
flowers solitary, axillary ; bracteas ovate, near the calyx ; co-
rolla hardly twice longer than the calyx, tomentose ; anthers
awned. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
lanuginosa, Andr. heath. 3. t. 5. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 382.
Corollas brownish-red, or reddish-green.
Woolly-fi owered Large-calyxed Heath. FI. Sept. Jan. Clt.
1803. Shrub.
5 E. emargina'ta ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, channelled,
recurved, ciliated ; flowers terminal, by threes ; bracteas near
the calyx, and are, as well as the calyxes, ciliated. \ . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica emarginata, Andr.
heath. 3. t. 20. Flowers white, with black anthers. Very like
Erica nigrita , and Erica lachnece folia.
Emarginate Large-calyxed Heath. FI. June, July. Clt.
1802. Shrub.
6 E. triceps ; leaves 3 in a whorl, somewhat trigonal, cili-
ated, erectly spreading ; branches downy ; flowers terminal, by
threes ; bracteas imbricate ; calycine segments oblong, scarious,
a little shorter than the corolla ; anthers ciliated, mutic, and are,
as well as the style, which is capitate, exserted ; corolla ovate.
J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica triceps,
Link, enum. 1. p. 371. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 25. Lodd. bot.
cab. 962. Flowers white. Calyx white.
Three-headed Large calyxed Heath. FI. May, July. Clt.
1820. Shrub.
7 E. triu'mphans ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ciliated ; flowers
axillary; bracteas remote from the calyx; calyx large, inflated,
angular ; corolla ovate, inflated ; anthers crested ; style in-
closed. f? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
triumphans, Lodd. bot. cab. 257. Bedf. eric. wob. pi. 3. f. 19.
Flowers large, white.
Conquering Large-calyxed Heath. FI. June, July. Clt. 1802.
Shrub.
8 E. tegulaieolia ; leaves oval, downy ; flowers terminal ;
5 L
810
ERICACEjE. IX. Eurystegia. X. Lophandra. XI. Lamprotis.
corolla li line long, with a turbinate, rather 4-angled limb ;
spurs of anthers large, orbicular. T? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Leaves broad, imbricated in the straight order.
Tile-leaved Large-calyxed Heath. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
9 E. cory'dalis ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate-cuneated ;
flowers terminal ; corolla 2 lines long, having the limb entire at
the base ; anthers inclosed, winged on the back. T? . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica corydalis, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 334.
/fe/wie£-anthered Large-calyxed Heath. FI. Feb. May. Clt.?
Shrub.
10 E. ? pannosa ; leaves 3-5 in a whorl, a little reduplicate ;
flowers terminal ; corolla 2 lines long, woolly ; filaments broad,
with short spurs ; style exserted. T? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica pannosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 339.
— This plant is very like Eriodesmia capitdta, but differs in the
leaves being 3-5 in a whorl, and greatly in the anthers.
C/oi/j-flowered Large-calyxed Heath. FI. Feb. June. Clt. ?
Shrub.
11 E. ? lachNjEfolia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, imbri-
cated, downy ; flowers terminal, subcapitate ; bracteas imbri-
cated, approximating the calyx ; anthers crested ; corolla ovate,
rather longer than the calyx. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica lachnesefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 335.
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 387. E. lachnae'a, Andr. heath. 3. t. 2.
Flowers white.
Lachncea-leaved Large-calyxed Heath. FI. May, July. Clt.
1793. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
X. LOPHANDRA (from Xotpog, loplios, a crest, and arrjp
aiLpog, aner audios, a male ; in reference to the cells of the an-
thers being crested). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.
— Erica species of authors.
Lin. syst. Octdndria Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, fur-
nished with 4 bracteas at the base ; segments roundish, sca-
lious, ventricose on the outside. Corolla campanulate, 4-lobed.
Stamens inclosed ; filaments dilated, flat ; anthers bifid ; cells
of anthers beaked at the apex, opening by an oblong foramen in
the middle: with the sides winged, crested, and crenulated.
Stigma truncate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — Erect, much
branched shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
spreading, short, obtuse, glaucous. Flowers terminal, usually
by threes, rose-coloured.
1 L. ci/bica (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, semicylindrical ; bracteas remote from the
calyx, which is coloured ; calycine segments serrulated. f? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica cubica, Andr. heath.
1. t. 27. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 397. Erica cubica major,
Hortul. Erica hottoniaeflora, Sal. in. Lin. trans. 4. p. 331.
Calyx and corolla purplish-red. — The flowers are at first dis-
posed in a terminal fascicle, but when the terminal branches
grow, they in consequence appear axillary and verticillate.
Far. (3, minor (Andr. heath. 2. t. 49). This is probably a
distinct species.
Cute-flowered Lophandra. FI. April. Sept. Clt. 1790.
Shrub 1 foot.
2 L. bla'nda ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal, glo-
merate ; corolla 1|- line long, having the limb one half longer
than the tube, with semi-orbicular segments ; stigma broad ;
cells of anthers drawn out into a crest beyond the foramen. 1? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica blanda, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 331. Erica cornuta, Roxb. mss. Flowers
pale red.
Blush- flowered Lophandra. Shrub.
3 L. ? seri ph ii folia ; leaves 5 in a whorl ; calycine seg-
ments minutely ciliated ; corolla 1^ line long, having the limb
entire at the base, obtuse ; anthers inclosed, mutic. Ij . G
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica seriphiifolia, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 331. Erica cubica, Thunb. diss. no. 46. but
not of Andr. Flowers reddish-purple, axillary.
Seriphium-leaved Laphandra. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
XI. LAMPRO'TIS (from XapirporriQ, lamprotes, splendour ;
in reference to the shining calyx). D. Don, in edinb. phil.
journ. 17. p. 154. — Erica species of authors.
Lin. syst. Octdndria Monogy'nia. Calyx large, 4-parted,
glumaceous, coloured, bibracteate at the base. Corolla urceo-
late, with a 4-lobed limb. Stamens inclosed ; filaments capil-
lary ; cells of anthers short, dehiscing lengthwise, mutic or
crested at the base. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled, many-
seeded. Seeds round, scrobiculate. — Small, much branched
shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves opposite,
or 3 in a whorl, terminal, subulate, glabrous, always adpresjed
to the branches. Flowers numerous, terminal.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl.
1 L. calyci'na (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, im-
bricate, downy ; flowers in terminal fascicles, drooping ; calyx
spreading, coloured ; anthers crested. ^ • G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica calycina, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 507.
Lodd. bot. cab. 594. Erica calycina major, Andr. heath. 3. t.
14. Erica gnidiaefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 336. Thunb.
diss. no. 78. Erica vespertina, Lin. suppl. 221. Corolla 2 lines
long, red, ovate, ventricose. Calycine segments obcuneated.
Bracteas coloured.
Far. (3, minor (Andr. heath. 3. t. 15.) smaller.
Large-calyxed Lamprotis. FI. June, Sept. Clt. 1799.
Shrub 1 foot.
2 L. corifolia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, imbricate ; flowers
in terminal fascicles ; calyx spreading, about equal to the corolla
in length ; corolla 1£ line long, with acute segments ;
anthers crested. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica corifolia, Lin. diss. no. 26. Thunb. diss. no. 77. Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 386. Bauer, icon. hort. kew. 21. Wendl.
eric. 10. p. 11. with a figure. Erica calycina, Andr. heath. 1.
t. 14. Erica articularis, Lin. mant. 65. Curt. bot. mag. t. 423.
Flowers pink or red. Bracteas remote from the calyx.
Coris-leaved Lamprotis. FI. May, Dec. Clt. 1774. Shrub
1 foot.
3 L. pa'llida; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, imbricate, glabrous,
acute, glaucous ; flowers terminal, erect ; bracteas large, loose,
coloured ; calyx exceeding the corolla, which is urceolate ;
anthers crested. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica pallida, Wendl. eric, with a figure. Flowers red.
Pale Lamprotis. FI. April, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub.
4 L. tu'rgida ; leaves 3 in a whorl, mucronate, with white
margins, glabrous as well as the branches ; flowers terminal ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; calycine segments purplish,
acute, longer than the corolla; style inclosed; anthers crested.
J?. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica turgida,
Link, enum. 2. p. 365. Flowers purple.
Turgid Lamprotis. FI. April, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub.
5 L. spumosa ; leaves 3 in a whorl, erectly spreading, gla-
brous ; flowers terminal, by threes, erect ; calyx spreading,
about equal in length to the corolla ; bracteas nearly orbicular,
imbricate ; genitals a little exserted ; anthers crested ; stigma
narrow. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
spumosa, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 508. Berg. pi. cap. 103. but not
of Lodd. Erica scariosa, Berg. pi. cap. 102. Corolla white,
1-| line long, with sublanceolate segments.
Frothy Lamprotis. FI. Mav, July. Clt. 17S6. Shrub.
1
ERICACEJi. XI. Lamprotis.
811
6 L. ? Loddige'sii ; leaves 3 in a whorl, erectly spreading ;
flowers terminal, by twos or threes ; bracteas imbricate, an-
| gular ; genitals exserted, with black corniculate anthers, b- G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica spumosa, Lodd. bot.
t cab. 566. but not of Lin. Flowers purplish-red.
Loddiges’s Lamprotis. FI. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub.
7 L. flagella'ris ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate,
glabrous, finely ciliated, adpressed ; branches twiggy, downy ;
flowers terminal, usually by threes, erect ; calyx bracteate, ex-
ceeding the corolla ; anthers crested. . G. Native of the
ICape of Good Hope. Erica flagellaris, Link, enum. 1. p. 365.
Flowers dirty-yellow. Calycine segments lanceolate, keeled,
purple.
Whip Lamprotis. FI. May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot.
8 L. flagelliformis; leaves 3 in a whorl, imbricate, smooth ;
flowers terminal, umbellate, erect ; bracteas remote from the
calyx ; calyx coloured, larger than the corolla, which is urceo-
Ilate ; anthers crested, . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica flagelliformis, Andr. eric. 4. icon. Flowers
reddish-purple.
Whip-formed Lamprotis. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 foot.
9 L. cALYCJNoiDES ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, subulate, im-
bricate, glabrous ; flowers terminal, glomerate or capitate ; brac-
teas imbricate ; calyx coloured, rather shorter than the corolla,
which is urceolate ; anthers almost mutic. 1? . G. Native of
j the Cape of Good Hope. Erica calycinoides, Bedf. eric. wob.
p. 4. Erica glomerata, Andr. heath, vol. 4. Erica calycina
capitata, Hortul. Flowers purplish-red.
Calycine-like Lamprotis. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1789. Shrub
1 foot.
10 L. gnaphal6des ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, glabrous,
imbricate ; flowers in terminal fascicles ; calyxes spreading, with
exquisitely ciliately glandular margins ; corolla 1 line long,
hardly longer than the calyx ; fruit smooth ; stigma large, 4-
cleft ; anthers crested, • G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica gnaphalodes, Lin. diss. no. 25. Berg. pi. cap.
119. Thunb. diss. 75. Erica gnaphaliifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 337. Flowers white.
Woolly Lamprotis. Feb. May. Clt. 1812. Shrub. .
11 L. ? PHYLLicoiDES ; leaves 3 in a whorl, imbricating in 6 rows,
glabrous ; flowers axillary, drooping ; calyx large, elongated ;
anthers awned. L- G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica phyllicoides, Willd. spec. 2. p. 361. Corolla campanu-
late, purple, 1-2 lines long. — Perhaps a species of Eurylepis.
Phyllica-like Lamprotis. FI. April, June. Clt. 1800. Shb.
12 L. ? holosericea ; leaves 3 in a whorl, sharply reduplicate ;
flowers terminal ; corolla 3 lines long, silky, with an ovate tube ;
anthers crested, hairy. . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica holosericea, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 352. Flowers
red.
Whole-silky Lamprotis. Shrub.
13 L. lu'cida ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; calyx
minutely ciliated, shining ; corolla 1 line long ; crests of anthers
1 ear-formed, deeply serrated ; stigma narrow. Tj . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica lucida, Sal. in Lin. trans.
I 6. p. 337.
A/hning-calyxed Lamprotis. Shrub.
14 L. mu'nda ; leaves 3 in a whorl, imbricate; bracteas and
calyxes quite entire ; corolla 1 line long ; crests of anthers
ear-formed and ciliated; fruit hairy. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica munda, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
337.
Neat Lamprotis. FI. May, July. Clt.? Shrub.
15 L. fabrilis ; leaves 3 in a whorl, densely imbricated;
flowers terminal ; corolla 1 line long, hardly longer than the
calyx ; crests of anthers quite entire ; anthers minute. . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica fabrilis, Sal. in. Lin.
trans. 6. p. 338. Flowers reddish-purple.
Carpenters' Lamprotis. FI. April, May. Clt. 1791. Shrub
1 foot.
16 L. chlamydiflora; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, hairy,
imbricate, flowers terminal ; corolla 2 lines long, hardly longer
than the calyx ; crests of anthers ear-formed. 1? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica chlamydiflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 338. Flowers reddish-purple.
Cloak-flowered Lamprotis. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1801.
Shrub 1 foot.
1 7 L. selaginifolia ; stem tomentose ; leaves linear, 3 in a
whorl; flowers terminal; corolla smooth, 1 line long, with a
globose tube ; crests of anthers very broad, orbicular. T? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica selaginifolia, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 338.
Selago-leaved Lamprotis. Shrub.
1 8 L. brevifolia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate ; flowers ter-
minal ; corolla 1 J- line long, hardly longer than the calyx ; spurs
of anthers linear, attenuated. J? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica brevifolia, Sol. mss. ex Sal. in Lin. trans.
6. p. 338.
Short-leaved Lamprotis. FI. Jan. May. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 foot.
1 9 L. hyssopifolia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, densely ciliated ;
corolla 2 lines long, hairy towards the apex, with curled retuse
segments ; anthers crested. • G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica hyssopifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans, 6. p. 387.
Erica pigra, Sol. ex Salisb. Flowers red.
Hyssop-leaved Lamprotis. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1800. Shrub
l foot.
20 L. mode'sta ; leaves 3 in a whorl, densely imbricated ;
corolla tomentose, 3^ lines long, with a broad ovate tube and a
recurved limb ; flowers terminal ; spurs of anthers linear, atte-
nuated. Ij. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
modesta, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 352. Flowers very pale red.
Modest Lamprotis. Shrub.
21 L. panicuea'ta ; leaves 3 in a whorl, adpressed ; flowers
terminal, drooping ; bracteas close to the calyx ; corolla ovate,
ventricose, equal in length to the calyx ; anthers cornute ; style
inclosed. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
paniculata, Lodd. bot. cab. 419. but not of Thunb. Bedf. eric,
wob. p. 17. Flowers pale purplish-red.
Panicled-t\ owered Lamprotis. FI. Summer. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
22 L. Bedfordia' na ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous ;
flowers terminal; bracteas remote from the calyx; corolla ovate-
campanulate ; anthers awned. . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica lutea alba, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 14. Flowers
pale yellow.
Duke of Bedford's Lamprotis. FI. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1810.
Shrub to 1 foot.
23 L. taxifolia (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves 3 in a whorl, trigonal, glabrous, spreading ; flowers ter-
minal, umbellate ; corolla with a cone-shaped tube and a spread-
ing limb ; bracteas remote from and approximating the calyx ;
calyx coloured, about equal in length to the corolla ; anthers
mutic. V} . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
taxifolia, Wendl. eric. fasc. 2. p. 19. with a figure. Bauer, pi.
kew. t. 19. Andr. heath. 1. t. 35. Erica turgida, Hortul.
Flowers pale red. Leaves mucronate. Corolla 3 lines long,
with ovate, cuneated, bifid segments.
Yew-leaved Lamprotis. FI. July, Nov. Clt. 1788. Shrub
1 foot.
24 L. ru'bida ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous ; flowers
5 l 2
812
ERICACEAE. XI. Lamprotis. XII. Caelista.
terminal, capitate ; bracteas approximate, 3, 1 large and 2
small ; calyx equal to the corolla in length, which is ovate-ven-
tricose ; anthers awned. 1? • G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica rubella, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 22. Flowers red.
/fw&y-flowered Lamprotis. FI. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub I
foot.
* * Leaves 4 in a rvliorl.
25 L. squamosa ; leaves 4 in a whorl, imbricated, serrulated;
flowers terminal, drooping ; bracteas imbricate ; calyx large, co-
loured, about equal in length to the corolla, which is urceolate ;
anthers crested. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica squamosa, Andr. heath. 3. t. 22. Flowers pale red.
/Sca^-cupped Lamprotis. FI. April, July. Clt. 1794. Shrub
l foot.
* * * Leaves opposite.
26 L. tenuifolia (D. Don, in edinb. pliil. journ. 17. p. 154.)
leaves opposite, linear, adpressed ; flowers terminal, aggregate,
sessile ; calyx coloured, not much shorter than the corolla ; an-
thers mutic. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica tenuifolia, Lin diss. 33. with a figure of the flower, spec,
ed. 2d. p. 507. Berg. pi. cap. p. 116. Erica linifolia, Sal. ip
Lin. trans. 6. p. 386. — Seb. thes. 1. p. 157. t. 73. f. 6. —
Lin. hort. cliff, p. 148. Calycine segments oval, acumi-
nated. Corolla 2 lines long, with an ovate tube. Fruit turbi-
nate. Flowers pale red.
Fine-leaved Lamprotis. FI. April, May. Clt. 1794. Shrub
\ foot.
27 L. lu'tea ; leaves opposite, linear, imbricate, glabrous ;
flowers nearly terminal ; bracteas imbricate ; branches flexuous ;
calycine segments narrow, ovate-cuneated ; corolla 2-1 lines long,
ovate, ventricose ; fruit obovate ; anthers mutic or awned. ? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica lutea, Lin. diss.
no. 2. mant. p. 234. Berg. pi. cap. 115. Wendl. eric. 1. p.
13. with a figure. Andr. eric. 1. t. 31. Erica imbellis, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 385. Flowers yellow. — There appears to be
two species confounded under this name ; one with crested or
awned anthers, and another with mutic anthers.
Yellow-d owered Lamprotis. FI. Sept. May. Clt. 1774.
Shrub 1 foot.
28 L. biflora ; leaves opposite, canaliculate, adpressed,
glabrous ; flowers terminal, twin, on short pedicels ; bracteas
approximating the calyx ; calycine segments ovate, acute,
white ; anthers crested. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica biflora, Link, enum. 1. p. 367. Lodd. bot. cab.
683. Corolla white.
I'woflowered Lamprotis. FI. April, June. Clt. 1819.
Shrub £ foot.
29 L. borbonlefolia ; leaves opposite ; flowers axillary ;
calycine segments broad, ovate-acuminated, equal in length to
the corolla, which is urceolate ; fruit obovate ; anthers crested
or awned. • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
borboniaefolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 386. Flowers red, 3f
lines long.
Borbonia-leaved Lamprotis. FI. March, July. Clt. 1816.
Shrub.
30 L. oppositifolia ; leaves opposite, filiform, imbricate ;
flowers terminal, crowded, erect ; bracteas sessile ; corolla urceo-
late, about equal in length to the calyx, which is spreading ;
anthers mutic. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica oppositifolia, Andr. heath. 3. p. 35. Lodd. bot. cab.
] 343. Flowers white.
Var. /3, rubra (Andr. heath. 3. t. 36. Lodd. bot. cab. 1060.)
flowers red.
Opposite-leaved Lamprotis. FI. Spring and Autumn. Clt.
1S04. Shrub to | foot.
31 L. ? ape'rta ; leaves opposite, linear, cuspidate, erect,
quite glabrous, with scarious margins ; flowers terminal, aggre-
gate ; bracteas and calyxes coloured ; corolla rotate ; genitals
exserted ; anthers mutic. T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica aperta, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 200.
Open-ti owered Lamprotis. FI. March, May. Clt. 1820.
Shrub.
32 L. rube'lla ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, linear, im-
bricate ; flowers terminal, capitate ; corolla with a ventricose
tube and a spreading limb ; calyx about equal in length to the
corolla, bracteate ; anthers mutic. 1? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica rubella, Ker. bot. mag. 2165. Lodd.
bot. cab. 658. Flowers red.
Red-dov/ered Lamprotis. FI. June. Clt. 1814. Shrub 1 foot.
33 L. toga'ta ; leaves opposite, linear, imbricate; flowers
terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx, broad ; calyx co-
loured, large, cup-shaped ; corollas urceolate, with a spreading
limb ; anthers mutic. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica togata, Sims, bot. mag. 1626. Flowers fine red.
Gowned Lamprotis. FI. June, July. Clt.? Shrub A to |
foot.
34 L. ? dianthifolia ; leaves opposite, long ; flowers ter-
minal ; calycine segments ovate-cuneated ; corolla 3 lines long ;
spurs of anthers serrated ; pericarp glabrous. 1? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good FI ope. Erica dianthifolia, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 338. Flowers pale purple.
Pink-leaved Lamprotis. FI. April, May. Clt. 1796. Shb.
35 L. ? a'phanes ; branches hairy ; leaves opposite, linear-
trigonal, bluntish, scabrous; flowers axillary and terminal. !?•
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica aphanes, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 196.
Insignificant Lamprotis. FI. March, June. Clt. 1820.
Shrub.
Cult. See Erica , p. 800, for culture and propagation. —
Pretty little shrubs, easily distinguished from the other genera
broke off from Erica by the large coloured calyx and small ad-
pressed leaves.
XII. CALLI'STA (from KaWtaroe, kallistos, very beautiful ;
flowers). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 155. — Erica
species of authors.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, folia-
ceous. Corolla salver-shaped, with a dilated spreading 4-cleft
limb, and a ventricose or cylindrical tube. Stamens inclosed ;
filaments capillary ; cells of anthers short, dehiscing lengthwise,
mutic at the base. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled, many-
seeded. — Small, much branched shrubs, natives of the Cape of
Good Hope. Leaves acerose, loosely imbricated. Flowers
terminal, almost solitary, or in fascicles.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl.
1 C. tenuiflora ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous,
spreading ; flowers terminal, usually by fours ; calyx bracteate ;
corolla with a slender tube. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica tenuiflora, Andr. heath. 3. t. 49. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1717. Erica cylindrica, Thunb. diss. no. 39. Erica
fistulaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 383. Calycine segments
minutely ciliated. Pericarp obovate, glabrous. Corolla 5-6
lines long, yellow. Style exserted.
Var. (3, alba (Andr. heath. 3. t. 50.) flowers white, sub-axil-
lary, or terminating the small branches, sweet-scented.
Fine-flowered Callista. FI. April, June ; ji July, Dec. Clt.
1800. Shrub 1 foot.
2 C. tetragona ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, pointed, cili-
ated, erectly spreading ; flowrers terminating small branches ;
calyx bracteate, with ciliated cuspidate segments ; corolla with
ERICACE/E. XII. Callista.
813
a small, tetragonal, pyramidal tube. T; . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica tetragona, Thunb. diss. no. 5. with
a figure. Andr, heath. 3. t. 51. Lodd. hot. cab. 1239. Erica
pugionifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 358. Erica trigona, Hort.
Corollas 4 lines long, yellow. Style exserted.
Tetragonal-R owered Callista. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1789.
Shrub.
3 C. bucciniflora ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, ciliated ;
bracteas sessile ; flowers in terminal umbellate fascicles ; co-
rolla with a trumpet-shaped tube and a spreading border. Tj .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica bucciniflora,
Sims, bot. mag. 24G5. Lodd. bot. cab. 1127. Erica buccinae-
formis, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 4. Corolla red, with a white limb.
Anthers cornute.
Trumpet flowered Callista. FI. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub.
14 C. Bandonia ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, gla-
brous, spreading : flowers terminal, umbellate, on long pedicels,
erect; bracteas remote from the calyx; calycine segments
broad ; tube of corolla ovate, ventricose ; style exserted. 1? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Bandonia, Andr.
heath, vol. 4. Corolla reddish-purple.
Countess Bandon’s Callista. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
5 C. magni'fica ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, obtuse, spread-
ing ; flowers terminal, usually by threes, drooping ; bracteas
remote from the calyx ; calyx coloured ; corolla with an ovate
tube, and an erectish limb ; style inclosed. T? . G. Native of
Ithe Cape of Good Hope. Erica magmfica, Andr. heath, vol. 4.
Corollas pale red. Anthers cornute.
Magnificent Callista. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
6 C. Broadleya'na ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, fasciculated,
spreading ; flowers axillary, on long pedicels, drooping ; caly-
cine segments foliaceous, narrow ; corolla ventricose, contracted
at the mouth, with hardly any limb ; style exserted. Jj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Broadleyana, Andr.
heath, vol. 4. Flowers red.
Broadley's Callista. FI. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1
to 2 feet.
7 C. Julia'na; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, trigonal, erect,
shining, short ; flowers terminal, aggregate ; bracteas almost
sessile ; calycine segments dilated and ciliated ; corolla ovate,
ventricose, with a small limb. . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica Juliana, Nois. Lodd. bot. cab. 799. Bedf.
eric. wob. p. 13. Corolla reddish-purple. Style a little ex-
serted.
/wZy-flowered Callista. FI. July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 ft.
8 C. Celsia'na ; glabrous ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers
terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla with a glo-
bular tube ; style exserted. Tj. G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica Celsiana, Lodd. bot. cab. 1777. Corolla
with a pale red tube and a deep red border.
Cels’ s Callista. FI. June. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
9 C. arma'ta ; leaves 3, sometimes 5, in a whorl, linear, erect,
spinulose ; flowers terminal, aggregate, clothed with yellow
strigae ; calycine segments foliaceous, spinose ; style exserted.
. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica armata,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 184.
Armed Callista. FI. May, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub.
10 C. Humea'na; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, glabrous;
flowers terminal, by threes; bracteas sessile; corolla with a short
ventricose tube, and a large limb ; style exserted. Ij . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Humeana, Lodd. bot.
cab. 389. E. Humea, Hortul. Corolla with a red tube, reddish-
purple segments, and a dark eye.
Lady Hume’s Callista. FI. June, July. Clt. 1808. Shrub.
11 C. carni'ula ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous;
flowers terminal, racemose ; calyx bracteate ; corolla with an
inflated tube, and a short limb. T j . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica carniula, Lodd. bot. cab. 926. Flowers
pale red.
Flesh-colour ed.-R owered Callista. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1804.
Shrub.
12 C. Sainsburia'na ; leaves 3 in a whorl, filiform, elongated,
glabrous, erectly spreading ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; brac-
teas remote from the calyx ; corolla oblong-ovate, with a short
limb ; anthers awned. . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica Sainsbiirya, Andr. heath, vol. 4. Flowers pale
red. Style a little exserted.
Sainsbury’ s Callista. FI. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
13 C. Comptonia'na ; leaves 3 in a whorl, subulate, glabrous,
spreading, recurved ; flowers terminal, aggregate, pedicellate.
. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Comptoni-
ana, Andr. heath, vol. 4. Style inclosed.
Compton’s Callista. FI. May, July. Clt. 1802. Shrub.
14 C. infundibulifo'rmis ; leaves 4 in a whorl, filiform, ob-
tuse, glabrous, erect ; flowers terminal, aggregate ; bracteas ses-
sile ; corolla with a slender tube, and large segments. I? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica infundibuliformis,
Link. enum. 1. p. 364. Andr. heath, vol. 4. Lodd. bot. cab.
589. Flowers pale red, or pale purplish-red. Style inclosed.
Funnel-formed Callista. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1802. Shrub.
1 5 C. va'ria ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; brac-
teas approximating the calyx ; corolla short, with revolute seg-
ments ; style exserted. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica varia, Lodd. bot. cab. 1325. Erica Cassonii,
Hortul. Flowers purplish-red.
Variable Callista. FI. July. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
16 C. undula'ta; glabrous ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl ; flowers
terminal, by fours, sessile ; corolla with an elongated, ventri-
cose, twisted tube, and a sheading limb. Tj. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica undulata, Lodd. bot. cab. 1792.
Flowers deep red.
Waved Callista. FI. Summer. Clt. 1827. Shrub.
* * Leaves 4 in a whorl.
17 C. pr.e'gnans ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, ciliated,
spreadingly recurved ; flowers terminal, crowded ; bracteas re-
mote from the calyx ; calycine segments acute : corolla ventri-
cose at the base. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica prae'gnans, Andr. heath. 3. t. 32. Lodd. bot. cab. 945.
Corolla pale red, almost white. Very like C. ventricosa, and
probably only a variety of it. Style inclosed.
Swelled-R owered Callista. FI. April, Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
18 C. metul^flora ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, subulate, spinu-
losely ciliated ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas remote
from the calyx ; corolla ventricose at the base. T? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica metulaeflora, Sims, bot. mag.
t. 612. Andr. heath. 3. t. 33. Lodd. bot. cab. 1763. Flowers
red, w'ith a paler border. Style a little exserted.
Nine-pin-flowered Callista. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1798.
Shrub.
19 C. acumina'ta; leaves 4 in a whorl, trigonal, cuspidate,
recurved ; flowers terminal, nearly sessile, aggregate ; calycine
segments acuminated ; corolla with an inflated acuminated tube,
and a short revolute limb ; bracteas close to the calyx. . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica acuminata, Andr.
heath. 3. t. 54. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 216. Flowers reddish-
purple. Style inclosed.
Acuminated-Rowered Callista. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1800
Shrub.
20 C. ferruginea ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, secund, cili-
ated with rusty hairs ; flowers terminal, umbellately verticillate,
horizontal ; calyx bracteate, with the segments bearded at the
,
814
ERICACEiE. XII. Callista.
apex ; filaments terminating in a flat glandular substance ; co-
rolla with an acuminated inflated tube. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica ferruginea, Andr. heath. 3. t. 57.
Corolla with a red tube, and a greenish-yellow limb ; but in the
figure given by Andrews it is white, tipped with red. Style in-
closed.
Rusty Callista. FI. May, July. Clt. 1798. Shrub 1 ft.
21 C. hyacinthoides ; leaves 4 in a whorl, shining, spreading;
flowers aggregate ; calyx bracteate, having the segments serru-
lated or ciliated ; corolla with a ventricose tube, . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica hyacinthoides, Andr. heath.
3. t. 158. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 384. Flowers red. Style sub-
exserted.
Hyacinth-like Callista. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1798. Shb. 1 ft.
22 C. fastigia'ta ; leaves 4 in a whorl, shining, erect, imbri-
cated ; flowers terminal, crowded, sessile ; bracteas serrulated ;
calycine segments serrulated ; corolla with a narrow tube.
I? • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica fastigiata,
Lin. diss. no. 44. mant. 66. Thunb. diss. no. 37. Andr. heath.
2. t. 57. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 207. Erica falciformis, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 382. Corolla white, with the limb mealy inside, ac-
cording to Sal. 1. c. In bot. mag. t. 2084. the corollas are
painted pale red; it is therefore perhaps a distinct species.
Fastigiate- flowered Callista. FI. May, Sept. Clt. 1797. Shb.
23 C. pellu cida ; leaves 4 in a w'horl, linear, attenuated ;
stem slender ; flowers terminal ; calycine segments spatulate,
serrated ; corolla 5-6 lines long, having the limb 3 times shorter
than the tube. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope,
Erica pellucida. Sol. ex Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 384. Corollas
white, with very little red, pellucid.
Pellucid- flowered Callista. Shrub.
24 C. Walkeria'na ; stem glabrous; leaves 4 in a whorl,
linear, shining ; flowers terminal, almost sessile ; bracteas ap-
proximating the calyx, ciliated; calycine segments lanceolate,
serrated ; corolla 4-5 lines long, with an ovate ventricose tube,
and a wide-spreading limb, which is doubly shorter than the
tube, . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. pellu-
cida, D. Don, in edinb. pliil. journ 17. p. 155. Erica Walkeria,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 42. Lodd. bot. cab. 256. E. pulchra, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 384. Flowers pink or pale red. Style inclosed.
Var. (3, rubra (Andr. heath. 2. t. 43.) flowers red.
Par. y, superba (Andr. heath. 1. t. 42.) flowers purplish-
red. Erica fastigiata, Wendl. eric. fasc. 19. p. 103.
Walker’s Callista. FI. Feb. June. Clt. 1797. Shrub 1-J-
foot.
25 C. denticula'ta (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p.
155.) stem pubescent; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous;
flowers terminal, fastigiate : bracteas remote from the calyx ;
calycine segments obcuneated, serrated; corolla 3 lines long, with
a cylindrical tube : having the limb one-half shorter than the
tube. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica den-
ticul&ta, Lin. mant. p. 22. Erica dentata, Thunb. diss. no. 39.
Erica denticularis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 384. Erica primu-
loides /3, Wendl. Flowers purple.
Denticulated- calyxed Callista. FI. April, May. Clt. 1821.
Shrub 1 foot.
26 C. Bedfordia'na ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear ; flowers
terminal ; bracteas sessile ; calycine segments deeply serrated
or toothed ; corolla with an ovate ventricose tube. 1? • G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica denticulata, Bedf. hort.
wob. p. 8. Lodd. bot. cab. 1090. ? but not of Lin. nor others.
Flowers yellow. Style a little exserted.
Var. (3, moscliata (Bedf. 1. c.) calycine segments serrated ;
flowers yellowish-green.
Bedford’s Callista. FI. May, June. Clt.? Shrub.
27 C. Temflea'na; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, ciliated?
flowers terminal, almost sessile ; bracteas approximating the
calyx, ciliated, as well as the calycine segments ; anthers curved;
corolla with an oblong ventricose tube, and a small limb. T? ’.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Templea, Hor-
tul. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 24. pi. 4. f. 17. Corolla about the size
and shape ol those ot C. ventneosa , pale red, or reddish-purple.
Style inclosed.
Temple's Callista. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
28 C. comosa (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 155.)
stem pubescent ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, short, erectly spread-
ing ; flowers terminal, tufted ; bracteas imbricate, and are cili-
ated as well as the calycine segments, coloured ; corolla with an
ovate ventricose tube. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica comosa, Andr. heath. 2. t. 54. Erica transpa-
rens, Berg. pi. cap. p. 108. Erica galiiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans.
2. p. 583. Flowers small, white, with dark anthers. Style in-
closed.
V ar. (3, rubra (Andr. heath. 2. t. 55.) corollas red. \ . G.
Erica comosa, Lin. diss. no. 48. mant. p. 234. Thunb. diss. no.
38. Bauer, icon. hort. kew. t. 18.
Tufted Callista. FI. April, Aug. Clt. 1787. Shrub | ft.
29 C. ventricosa (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p" 155.)
leaves 4 in a whorl, short, acerose, semi-cylindrical, and are
ciliated as well as the calyxes and bracteas : floral leaves the
broadest ; flowers disposed in terminal umbellate fascicles ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla with a ventricose tube.
I? • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica ventricosa,
Thunb. diss. no. 36. with a figure. Andr. heath. 1. t. 28.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 350. Wendl. eric. fasc. 3. p. 11. Bedf.
eric. wob. pi. 4. f. 18. a. Lodd. bot. cab. 431. Erica venusta,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 385. Peduncles bibracteate below the
middle. Corolla waxy, purplish-red. Style inclosed.
Var. (3, coccinea ; flowers reddish-purple.
Var. y, stellifera ; flowers purplish-red.
Var. S, edrnea ; flowers pale red.
Vt ar. e, alba ; flowers very pale red, almost white.
Var. t, superba ; flowers deep red.
Var. erecta ; erect; flowers pale red.
Var. S, nana ; dwarf ; flowers pale red.
Ventricose-fl owered Callista, or Porcelain Heath. FI. April,
Sept. Clt. 1787. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
30 C. infla'ta; leaves 4 in a whorl, glabrous, linear ; flowers
in terminal umbellate fascicles ; corolla with an elongated, ovate,
ventricose tube, and a short limb ; pedicels bibracteate below
the middle ; calycine segments subulate. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica inflata, Thunb. diss. no. 67.
with a figure. Erica amabilis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 385.
Erica glabra, Link. enum. 1 . p. 362. Corolla large, with a reddish-
purple base, and a green top. Anthers corniculate at the base.
Inflated-flowered Callista. FI. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
31 C. musca'ri ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-trigonal, glabrous,
spreading ; flowers terminal, sessile, usually by fours ; bracteas
approximating the calyx, leaf-like ; calycine segments subulate ;
corolla ovate-ventricose, with a short obtuse revolute limb. .
G, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica muscari, Andr.
heath. 1. t. 41. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 395. Wendl. eric. fasc. 18.
p. 95. with a figure. Erica fretgrans, Sal. in Lin. trans. 4. p.
383. Stem glabrous. Flowers small, pale yellow or yellowish-
green. Corolla flat at the base. Fruit obpyramidal.
il/wi^-scented Callista. FI. March. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 foot.
32 C. Lawsonii ; leaves 4 in a whorl, filiform, spreading,
ciliated ; flowers terminal ; bracteas sessile ; corolla with a cylin-
drical tube, which is ventricose at the base ; calycine segments
narrow. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Lawsonia, Andr. heath, vol. 4. icon. Sims, bot. mag. 1720.
Lodd. bot. cab. 488. Erica Kennedia, Hortul. Flowers red.
ERICACEAE. XII. Callista.
815
Lawson's Callista. FI. Sept. Clt. 1802. Shrub 1 foot.
33 C. daphniflora ; leaves 4 in a whorl, short, glabrous,
acerose, erectly spreading ; bracteas sessile ; calycine segments
lacerated a little ; flowers terminal, usually by fours ; corollas
with an ovate ventricose tube, and a spreading obtuse limb. t? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica daphneflora,
Lodd. bot. cab. 543. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 7. Flowers small,
white or deep red. Style exserted.
Daphne-flowered Callista. FI. April, June. Clt. 1791. Shrub
1 foot.
34 C. daphnoides ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous ;
flowers terminal by fours ; bracteas sessile ; corolla with an ovate
ventricose tube and a large limb. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica daphnoides, Lodd. bot. cab. 154. Erica
mirabilis, Hortul. Flowers pale red. Style a little exserted.
Dajihne-like-flowere d Callista. FI. May, June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
35 C. Coventrya'na ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear-trigonal,
ciliated, as well as the calyxes and bracteas ; flowers terminal,
aggregate, sessile ; bracteas sessile ; calycine segments folia-
ceous, narrow ; corolla with a slender tube, and large segments.
T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Coventrya,
Andr. heath. 4. icon. Lodd. bot. cab. 423. Corolla with a
greenish-yellow tube, and a red limb, with ovate segments.
Style a little exserted.
Lord Coventry's Callista. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1808. Sh.
36 C. verecu'nda ; leaves 4 ? in a whorl, linear, obtuse ;
flowers lateral, verticillate ; corolla with a ventricose tube, and a
spreading limb. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica verecunda, Lodd. bot. cab. 1827. but not of Sal. Flowers
red.
i?e> . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
pallens, Andr. heath. 3. t. 45. Corolla sulphur-coloured.
Pafe-flowered Syringodea. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
5 S. di'chrus ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, villous ; flowers ter-
minal, by threes ; bracteas close to the calyx ; calyxes coloured,
ciliated; corolla cylindrical; style exserted. b* G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica dichrus, Spreng. syst. 2.
p. 179. Erica bicolor, Andr. heath. 2. t. 39. Lodd. bot. cab.
1001. but notofThunb. nor Willd. Erica dichrom^ta, Lodd.
bot. cab. 1813. Corolla purplish-red, with a greenish-yellow
mouth.
Two-coloured- flowered Syringodea. FI. April, July. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
6 S. Linnjea'na (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves ciliated, spreading ;
flowers axillary, numerous, nearly sessile, horizontal ; corollas
clavate, downy or villous ; bracteas close to the calyx, and are
as well as the calycine segments serrated ; style subexserted.
b . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Linnaeana,
Lodd. bot. cab. 102. Erica Linnae'a, Andr. heatb. 2. t. 34.
Erica perspicua ft, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 371. Corolla white,
with a red base. Anthers bearded on the back at top. In
this and S. abielina the ovarium is 6-8-celled.
Var. ft, superba (Lodd. bot. cab. 1778.) flowers large, white
tinged with red, erect. b . G. Erica Bedfordiana, G. Don, in
Loud. hort. brit. p. 147.
Linnaus’s Syringodea. FI. Jan. May. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
7 S. versicolor ; leaves glabrous, spreading ; flowers ter-
minal, by threes ; calyxes coloured ; bracteas close to the calyx,
denticulated, as well as the calycine segments ; corolla nearly
cylindrical; style exserted. b . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica versicolor, Andr. heath. 1. t. 39. Lodd.
bot. cab. 208. Corolla purplish-red, with a greenish-yellow
mouth.
Var. ft, major (Lodd. bot. cab. 1316.) flowers larger.
Parly-coloured-AowereA Syringodea. FI. April, Oct. Clt.
1790. Shrub.
8 S. triphy'lla ; leaves glabrous, spreading ; flowers termi-
nal, 2-3 together, on short pedicels ; bracteas approximating
the calyx ; calyx foliaceous, spreading ; anthers inclosed ; style
exserted. b • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
triphylla, Link. enum. 1. p. 360. Corolla clammy, red, yellow
at top.
Three-leaved Syringodea. FI. July, Nov. Clt. 1822. Shb.
9 S. Broadleya'na ; leaves linear, spreading ; flowers axil-
lary, on long pedicels, drooping ; calycine segments narrow,
foliaceous ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; style exserted.
b . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Broadleyana,
Andr. heath. 3. t. 44. Corolla deep red, with a yellow mouth.
Anthers mutic.
Broadley s Syringodea. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
10 S. insi/lsa ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ; brac-
teas close to the calyx, foliaceous ; corolla w ith a cylindrical
incurved tube, and ciliated segments ; style a little exserted ;
b . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica insulsa,
Hortul. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 12. Lodd. cat. p. 25. Flowers
yellowish-green.
Dull Syringodea. FI. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
* * Leaves 4 in a whorl.
11 S. refu lgens ; leaves glabrous, spreading; flowers ter-
minal, drooping, by fours ; calyxes coloured, subulate, ad-
pressed; style exserted. b • G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica refulgens, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure.
Corollas scarlet or deep purplish-red.
Refulgent Syringodea. FI. April, July'. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
12 S. transpa'rens ; leaves ovate-cuneated, shortly pecti-
nated ; calycine segments cuneated ; corolla 6-7 lines long,
bristly towards the apex outside ; filaments spurred, b • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica transparens, Thunb.
prod. p. 71. Erica cerinthoides y, Thunb. diss. no. 33. Erica
strigilifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 367. Corollas white. ?
Transparent Syringodea. FI. May. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
13 S. pellu'cida ; leaves linear, horizontal, ciliated; flowers
terminal, pedicellate, drooping ; bracteas close to the calyx ;
corolla with an oblong inflated tube, subpellucid ; style exserted.
b . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pellucida,
Andr. heath. 3. t. 60. Lodd. bot. cab. 276. Corolla white.
Calycine segments linear-subulate.
Far. ft, rubra (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 18. but not of Andr.) co-
1
ERICACEAE. XV. Syringodea.
819
rolla reddish-purple, with an inflated ribbed tube. Calycine
segments linear -subulate.
Pellucid-C owered Syringodea. FI. Nov. June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
14 S. Bedfordia'na ; leaves linear, ciliated; flowers ter-
minal, pedicellate, drooping ; bracteas remote from and approxi-
mating the calyx ; corolla cylindrical, curved ; style subexserted.
T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pellucida
rubra, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure. Erica pellucidoides,
Bedf. eric. wob. p. 1 8. Corollas reddish-purple.
Duke of Bedford's Syringodea. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1808.
Shrub.
15 S. exu'dans ; leaves linear, obtuse, spreading, clammy
from glands ; flowers terminal, subaggregate, drooping ; brac-
teas spatulate, close to the calyx ; corolla oblong, curved, rib-
bed ; style exserted. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica exudans, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure.
Erica exsudans, Lodd. bot. cab. 287. Erica rosa solis, Hortul.
Corollas reddish-purple. Bracteas awned.
Sweating Syringodea. FI. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
16 S. sulphu'rea ; leaves linear, obtuse, villous ; flowers fas-
ciculate, axillary and terminal, nearly sessile, horizontal ; bracteas
I close to the calyx : corolla cylindrical, trumpet-shaped, villous ;
style exserted. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
sulphurea, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure. Sims, bot. mag.
1984. Lodd. bot. cab. 1762. Corollas pale yellow or sulphur-
coloured.
Nw/p/rirr-coloured- flowered Syringodea. FI. June, Oct. Clt.
1805. Shrub.
17 S. ? fla'va; leaves 3 in a whorl, filiform, glabrous, short,
erect ; flowers horizontal, axillary, crowded ; calyx bracteate ;
corolla urceolately tubular, short ; style exserted. 1? . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica flava, Lodd. bot. cab.
882. Andr. heath, vol. 2. t. 38. Flowers yellow.
Yellow-C owered Syringodea. FI. April, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub.
18 S. erube'scens; leaves linear-lanceolate, with revolute
ciliated margins ; floriferous branches pendulous ; bracteas
awned, close to the calyx, and are as well as the calycine seg-
ments dentately fringed ; corollas cylindrical, inflated, beset
with glandular hairs both inside and outside, with a revolute
limb ; style exserted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica erubescens, Andr. heath. 3. t. 56. Lodd. bot.
cab. 1826. Erica elongita, Hortul. Corolla from pale purplish-
red to white. Calycine segments ovate, roundish.
Reddish-C owered Syringodea. FI. March, July. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
19 S. ela'ta; leaves filiform, bluntish ; branches spreading ;
flowers axillary or terminating small branches, crowded in the
manner of a spike ; bracteas remote from and approximating
the calyx ; corolla curved, trumpet-shaped, villous, with a
rather revolute limb ; genitals exserted. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica elata, Andr. heath. 2. t. 18. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1788. Erica longiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 359.
Corolla orange-red, 18-20 lines long, downy, with an obtuse
limb. Herb powdery. Pedicels glabrous. Calyx recurvedly
spreading, convex on the outside at the base.
Tall Syringodea. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
20 S. ? Linkii ; leaves spreading, beset with a few hairs ;
flowers terminal, umbellate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
calycine segments ovate, white ; anthers mutic, subexserted.
1? . S. ? Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica protrudens,
Link. enum. 1. p. 372. Corolla 2-3 lines long, white. — Proba-
bly a species of Gypsocallis.
Link's Syringodea. FI. April, May. Clt. 1 805. Shrub.
21 S. stagna'lis; leaves linear, hairy; flowers terminal;
pedicels glabrous; corolla 10-11 lines long, hairy ; anthers
straight, papillose, mutic. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica stagnalis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 359. Erica
tubiflora, Roxb. mss.
Stagnant Syringodea. FI. March, June. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
22 S. fea'mmea ; leaves filiform, erectish, glabrous ; flowers
subsolitary, terminating the small branches, spike-like, horizon-
tal ; bracteas close to the calyx ; calycine segments subulate,
imbricated, unequal ; corolla 8 lines long, downy, with a clavate
tube, and the segments of the limb imbricated at the base; geni-
tals a little exserted. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica flammea, Andr. heath. 2. t. 53. Erica bibax,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 358. Erica curvifldra, Thunb. diss. no.
30. Corollas pale yellow.
Flame - colour ed-Cow ex ed Syringodea. FI. Oct. Nov. Clt.
1793. Shrub.
23 S. linnaloi des ; leaves linear-lanceolate, pilose, spread-
ing ; flowers almost sessile, terminating small branches ; brac-
teas close to the calyx ; calycine segments lanceolate ; corolla
villous, cylindrical, swollen at top ; style subexserted. . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica linnaeoides, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 42. Erica Linnaeana, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 375. Lodd.
bot. cab. 102. Corollas with a purplish-red base, and a white top.
Linncea-like Syringodea. FI. Jan. May. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
24 S. radia'ta ; leaves filiform, spreading ; flowers ter-
minal, umbellately verticillate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
calyx adpressed ; corolla 9-10 lines long, glabrous, with a cylin-
drical tube, and recurved limb ; style exserted ; fruit glabrous.
*2 • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica radiata,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 46. Erica calamiformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 380. Flowers reddish-purple.
Ray-Cowered Syringodea. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1798.
Shrub.
25 S. spu'ria; leaves linear, subciliated, erectly spreading;
flowers aggregate, terminating the small branches ; bracteas re-
mote from the calyx ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated ;
corolla 7-8 lines long, downy, with a cylindrical tube, and a
spreading border ; genitals inclosed ; pericarp obpyramidal.
^2 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica spuria,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 54. Erica culcitaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 35 7. Corolla red.
Var. (3, translucens ; corolla purplish-red, rather ventricose at
the base. — Erica translhcens, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure.
Spurious Syringodea. FI. April, May. Clt. 1796. Shrub.
26 S. exsu'rgens ; leaves filiform, spreadingly recurved ;
flowers axillary, verticillate, horizontal, crowded ; bracteas re-
mote from and approximate to the calyx : corolla cylindrically
clavate, 13-15 lines long, viscid, with ovate cuneated segments;
filaments exserted ; pericarp 4-furrowed. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica exsurgens, Andr. heath. 1.
t. 57. Lodd. bot. cab. 835. Erica grandiflora breviflora,
Wendl. eric. 7. p. 7. with a figure. Erica pharetraeformis,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 361. Corollas orange-red. This
species differs from all others in the corolline segments being
attenuated at the apex, and bifid. There are several varieties of
the species in the gardens, besides those mentioned below, differ-
ing in the colour of the flowers.
Var. /3, grandiflora (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 7.) leaves 6-7 in a
whorl ; anthers a little exserted ; style exserted ; corolla long,
cylindrical, trumpet-shaped, with an orange-red tube, and orange-
yellow segments.
Var. y, rutila (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 361.) corolla golden-
yellow. ^2 • G. Erica abietina, Roxb. mss. ex Sal.
/ftsing-stamened Syringodea. FI. March, Oct. Clt. 1792.
Shrub.
27 S. curviflo'ra; leaves linear, spreading, glabrous; flowers
usually solitary, terminating small branches ; bracteas close to
5 M 2
820
ERICACEAE. XV. Syringodea.
the calyx; corolla glabrous, 10-1 1 lines long, with a curved cylin-
drical tube, and an erect or spreadingly reflexed limb ; style ex-
serted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
curviflora, Lin. diss. no. 41. a. Andr. heath. 1. t. 52. Lodd.
hot. cab. 1G68. Wendl. eric. fasc. 3. no. 3. p. 3. with a figure.
Erica fastuosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 359. Flowers orange-
yellow. Fruit broadly turbinate.
Var. fi, rubra (Andr. heath. 3. t. 61.) corolla orange-red,
cylindrically trumpet-shaped. T? . G. Erica simpliciflora,
Hortul.
Curved-flowered Syringodea. FI. July, Nov. Clt. 1774.
Shrub tall.
28 S. simpliciflo'ra ; leaves trigonal, erectly spreading, gla-
brous ; flowers terminating the small branches, solitary, erect ;
bracteas remote from the calyx ; calycine segments lanceolate,
adpressed ; corolla tubular, constricted in the middle, with a
spreading limb; genitals exserted. • G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica simpliciflora, Willd. spec. 2. p. 402.
Wendl. eric. 17. p. 69. with a figure. Erica curviflora, Lin.
syst. ed. 13. p. 305. but not of his diss. Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 358. Flowers rufous or reddish-orange. Pedicels downy.
Corolla 9 lines long, downy ; interstices of the limb lanceolate.
Calycine segments ovate, acuminated.
Simple-flowered Syringodea. FI. March, July. Clt. 1774.
Shrub.
29 S. tubiflo'ra ; leaves linear, obtuse, downy, erect ;
flowers usually solitary, terminating the small branches ; brac-
teas almost close to the calyx ; corolla downy, cylindrical, 9-10
lines long, a little curved, with a revolute limb ; calycine seg-
ments oblong ; style exserted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica tubiflora, Lin. diss. no. 40. spec. ed. 2. p.
505. Andr. heath. 1. t. 52. Wendl. eric. 4. p. 7. with a figure.
Icon. hort. kew. 28. Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 357. Flowers
purplish-red. Pedicels glabrous.
Var. /3, coccinea (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 357.) flowers deeper
red. 1? . G. Erica coccinea, Lin. diss. no. 42. with a figure
of the flower. •
Tube-flowered Syringodea. FI. April, Aug. Clt. 1775.
Shrub.
30 S. igne'scens ; leaves linear, glabrous, spreading ; flowers
solitary, terminating the small branches, drooping ; calycine seg-
ments ovate, acuminated, a little ciliated ; bracteas ovate, ribbed,
close to the calyx, or rather remote ; corolla cylindrical, rather
pilose at top, with a revolute limb ; style exserted. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica ignescens, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 47. Corollas reddish-orange. Calycine segments
ovate, acuminated.
Fiery Syringodea. FI. March, June. Clt. 1792. Shrub.
31 S. sordida ; branches scattered, hairy ; leaves linear,
obtuse, woolly, spreading ; flowers usually solitary, terminating
the small branches, drooping ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
calyxes adpressed, convex outside at the base; corolla 12 lines
long, cylindrical, curved, villous, with a revolute limb ; genitals
inclosed. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
sordida, Andr. heath. 1. t. 55. Lodd. bot. cab. 1973. Erica
laniflora, Wendl. eric. fasc. 19, no. 4. with a figure. Erica floc-
cosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 360. Flowers dirty orange-
red. Style exserted.
Dirty-fi owered Syringodea. FI. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
32 S. brachia' lis ; leaves linear, hairy ; flowers terminal ;
corolla 6-8 lines long, hairy both inside and outside, with a
curved pyramidal tube ; anthers mutic, very long. • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica brachialis, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 367.
Branched Syringodea. FI. March, July. Clt. 1792. Shrub.
33 S. serratifo'lia ; leaves linear, acute, spreading, with
plumose margins; flowers aggregate, terminal; bracteas close
to the calyx ; calyxes foliaceous, glandularly ciliated, a little
recurved; corolla 9 lines long, glabrous, cylindrical, with a
spreading limb ; anthers a little exserted ; style exserted. h .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica serratifolia,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 48. Lodd. bot. cab. 1703. Erica cylindri-
ciflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 356. Erica plumosa, Wendl.
eric. no. 12. p. 5. Corolla greenish-yellow at top, and orange-
red at base. Leaves 4-6 in a whorl.
Saw -leaved Syringodea. FI. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
34 S. Masso'nii; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, linear, serrulated,
hairy, imbricately spreading ; flowers axillary, crowded, droop-
ing, disposed in a verticillate crown ; bracteas imbricate ; corolla
10-12 lines long, viscid, swollen at top; style exserted; peri-
carp clavate, stipitate. . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica Massonii, Lin. suppl. 219. Curt. bot. mag. t.
356. PI. kew. t. 20. Lodd. bot. cab. 1069. Erica Massonia,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 51. Erica lycopodifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 361. Corolla with a scarlet or reddish-purple tube, and a
greenish-yellow constricted mouth.
Var. a, minor ( Bedf. eric. wob. p. 14.) corolla smaller, with
an inflated clavate tube. Tj . G.
Masson's Syringodea. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1787. Shrub.
35 S. proce'ra ; leaves linear, erect, downy ; flowers solitary,
terminating the small branches, erectish ; corolla constricted in
the middle, with a spreading limb ; style exserted. Ij . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica procera, Wendl. eric,
with a figure. Corollas white. ?
Lofty Syringodea. FI. April, June. Clt. 1791. Shrub.
36 S. conspi'cua ; leaves linear, oblong, glabrous, spread-
ing ; flowers terminal, rather aggregate, drooping ; bracteas
near the calyx, spatulate ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse, con-
cave at the base outside; pedicels pubescent; corolla 15 lines
long, with a clavate tube, and a retuse limb ; genitals exserted a
little. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica con-
spicua, Sol. in hort. kew. 2. p. 373. Willd. spec. 2. p. 404. PI.
kew. t. 12. Andr. heath. 1. t. 30. Wendl. eric. 4. p. 9. with a
figure. Corollas orange-yellow.
Conspicuous Syringodea. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
37 S. glandulosa ; leaves linear, acute, beset with glandular
hairs, spreading ; flowers nearly terminal, crowded, disposed in
a verticillate crown ; bracteas close to the calyx, and are as well
as it ciliated with glandular hairs ; corolla glabrous, with a cla-
vate tube ; style exserted. f? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica glandulosa, Thunb. prod. p. 71. diss. no.
32. Corollas orange-red. ?
Glandular Syringodea. FI. May, June. Clt. 1801. Shrub.
38 S. gemmifera; leaves oblong, adpressed, ciliated, aristate,
4-5 in a whorl ; branches thickened at top ; bracteas remote from
and approximating the calyx ; flowers drooping, crowded, dis-
posed in a verticillate crown ; corolla villous, cylindrical, inflated ;
genitals inclosed. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica gemmifera, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2266. Lodd. bot. cab. 457.
Erica Massonii minor, Hortul. Corollas reddish-purple or
scarlet, with a green apex.
Gem-bearing Syringodea. FI. May, July. Clt. 1802.
Shrub.
39 S. lituiflo'ra ; leaves linear, nearly smooth ; flowers
solitary or by threes, terminating the branches ; bracteas close to
the calyx; corolla 6-8 lines long, downy or villous, with the
tube clavate ; filaments bearded on the back at the apex. 1? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica lituiflora, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p. 356. Erica perspicua, Wendl. eric. fasc. 1.
p. 7. with a figure. Corolla white, tinged with red.
ERICACE/E. XV. Syringodea.
821
Trumpet-flowered Syringodea. FI. March, June. Clt. 1796.
Shrub.
40 S. perspicu a ; leaves linear, nearly smooth ; flowers ter-
minating the small branches, spike-formed ; bracteas remote
from the calyx ; pedicels hairy ; corolla cylindrical, erect ; geni-
tals inclosed. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica perspicua. Hort. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 1 8. Corolla reddish-
purple.
Far. ft, nana (Bedf. 1. c.) leaves hairy ; pedicels slightly
hairy ; tube of corolla cylindrical, straight. Tj . G. Corollas
purplish-red.
C/ertr-flowered Syringodea. FI. April, June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
41 S. Bedfordia'na ; leaves linear, ciliated, hairy; flowers
terminal, subcapitate ; pedicels slightly hairy ; bracteas remote
from the calyx : corolla downy, ? with a cylindrical, subventri-
cose tube ; genitals inclosed. . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica perspicuoides, Bedf. eric. wob. 18. Flowers
reddish-purple.
Duke of Bedford's Syringodea. FI. May, July. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
142 S. CYRiLLffiFLo'RA ; stem slender ; leaves linear, glabrous ?
corolla 2-3 lines long, downy, with a narrow campanulate tube,
and a short limb. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica cyrillaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 357. Flowers pale
scarlet.
Cyrilla-flowered Syringodea. FI. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
43 S. obpyramida'eis ; leaves pubescent, spreading ; flowers
terminal, usually by threes ; bracteas remote from the calyx,
broad at the base ; corolla funnel-shaped, with a spreading border,
having the interstices of the limb tumid on the outside ; fruit
spherical. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E.
pyramidalis, Andr. heath. 1. t. 45. Sims, bot. mag. 366.
kew. Lodd. bot, cab. 319. Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 401. Icon. pi.
t. 27. Wendl. eric. 5. p. 3. with a figure. Erica obpyramidalis,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 356. Corollas purplish-red, 3 \ to 4
lines long. Style exserted.
Obpi/ramidal-ft owered Syringodea. FI. Year. Clt. 1787.
Shrub 1^ foot.
44 S. verticilla'ta ; leaves linear, glabrous; flowers crowded,
nearly terminal, verticillate, drooping ; bracteas linear, remote
from the calyx ; corolla with a cylindrical inflated tube, gla-
brous, constricted at top; genitals inclosed. i? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica verticilHta, Andr. heath. 1.
t. 7. Lodd. bot. cab. 145. Erica mammosa, ft, verticillata,
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 369. Flowers scarlet.
Whorled-R owered Syringodea. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1774.
Shrub.
45 S. colo'rans ; leaves linear, spreading, ciliated ; flowers
crowded, terminating the small branches ; bracteas close to the
calyx ; corolla cylindrical, clavate, glabrous ; style almost in-
closed; calyxes coloured, subulate. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica colorans, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with
a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 224. Ker. bot. reg. 601. Bedf. eric,
wob. pi. 4. f. 11. Corollas varying from white to red.
Colouring Syringodea. El. April, June. Clt. 1827. Shrub.
* * * Leaves 6 or more in a whorl.
46 S. sple'ndens; leaves linear, obtuse, spreading; flowers
densely crowded, drooping ; calycine segments ovate ; corolla
downy, with a subrevolute limb ; genitals exserted. (7 . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica splendens, Wendl.
eric. fasc. 8. p. 5. with a figure, but not of Andr. Corolla deep
red.
Splendent Syringodea. FI. April, Sept. Clt. 1792. Shrub.
47 S. longifo'lia ; leaves long, linear, incurvedly spreading,
with scabrous edges ; flowers crowded in whorls, drooping ;
bracteas close to the calyx ; corolla pubescent, clammy ; caly-
cine segments linear; genitals inclosed. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica longifolia, PI. hort. kew\ t. 4.
Willd. spec. 2. p. 398. Erica longifolia b, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 363. Erica ptnea, Wendl. eric. 1. p. 11. with a figure. Co-
rolla more or less clavate, deep red.
Long -leaved Syringodea. FI. Feb. July. Clt. 1787.
Shrub.
48 S. vesti'ta ; leaves linear, erect, with scabrous edges ;
flowers crowded, verticillate, nearly sessile, spreading ; bracteas
close to the calyx ; corolla cylindrical, more or less clavate,
9-11 lines long, downy, with a revolute limb: style exserted ;
pericarp silky at top. . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica vestita, Thunb. diss. no. 25. Erica longifolia,
var. a, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 363. Erica vestita alba, Andr.
heath. 1. 1. 62. Wendl. eric. no. 12. p. 3. with a figure. Caly-
cine segments ciliated with glandular hairs. Corolla white,
cylindrical, curved.
Far. ft, lutea (Andr. heath. 3. t. 72.) leaves 6-8 in a whorl ;
corolla cylindrical, pale yellow.
Far. y, incarnata (Andr. heath. 2. t. 66. Lodd. bot. cab.
1098.) leaves 7 in a whorl ; genitals a little exserted ; corolla
cylindrical, almost straight, pale reddish-purple. Erica longi-
folia, Curt. bot. mag. 706.
Far. S, rosea (Andr. heath. 2. t. 67.) leaves 7-8 in a whorl ;
anthers a little exserted ; corolla cylindrical, subclavate, red-
dish-purple.
Far. e, fulgida (Andr. heath. 2. t. 68.) anthers a little ex-
serted ; flowers nearly terminal ; corolla with a cylindrical tube,
and straight segments, reddish-purple or deep red. Erica ful-
gida, Bedf. eric. w'ob. p. 11. Lodd. bot. cab. 1633.
Far. £, purpurea (Andr. heath. 1. t. 63.) anthers a little ex-
serted ; corolla cylindrical, subclavate, purplish-red. Lodd.
bot. cab. 217. Wendl. eric. 10. p. 7. with a figure.
Far. rj, coccinea (Andr. heath. 1. 1. 6. bot. mag. 402. Wendl.
eric. 11. p. 5. with a figure.) anthers a little exserted; corolla
erect, cylindrical, curved, deep red, not exactly scarlet.
Clothed Syringodea. FI. year. Clt. 17S9. Shrub.
49 S. fine a ; leaves linear, obtuse, spreading ; flowers
crowded, verticillate, almost sessile, spreading ; bracteas close
to the calyx ; calycine segments dilated at the base, and linear-
subulate at the apex, imbricate ; corolla 6-7 lines long, glabrous,
with a cylindrical clavate tube, and a serrulated spreading limb ;
pericarp glabrous ; style exserted. ^ . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica pmea, Thunb. diss. no. 26. Andr. heath.
1. t. 61. Erica pinifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 362. but not
of Andr. Flowers deep red and blue.
Far. ft, purpurea (Lodd. bot. cab. 1259.) corollas purple.
There are several other varieties in the gardens.
Pine-lUce Syringodea. FI. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
50 S. pinifo'lia ; leaves filiform, elongated, glabrous, spread-
ing, 6-8 in a whorl ; flowers nearly terminal, crowded, hori-
zontal, verticillate ; bracteas close to the calyx ; calyx villous,
with linear segments ; corolla tomentose, cylindrically club-
shaped, inflated, ribbed ; style exserted. T? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pinifolia, Andr. heath. 3. t. 69.
Erica pityophylla, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 181. Corolla white, with
dark anthers.
Far. ft, discolor (Andr. heath. 3. t. 70.) corolla with a cylin-
drical ribbed tube, reddish-purple or pale red.
Far. y, spiralis (Hort. Bedf. eric. wob. 19.) corolla with a
clavate inflated tube, white and purplish-red.
Far. d, coccinea (Andr. heath. 2. t. 65.) flowers scarlet.
Fine-leaved Syringodea. FI. Feb. July. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
822
ERICACEAE. XV. Syringodea.
51 S. au'rea ; leaves linear, recurvedly spreading; flowers
horizontal, crowded, verticillate, nearly terminal ; bracteas close
to the calyx, aristate; corolla cylindrical, with reflexed seg-
ments ; style exserted ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated.
Tp . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica aurea, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 61. Corollas orange-yellow.
Var. ft, fibre pUllido (Andr. heath. 3. t. 71.) flowers pale red,
with dark anthers.
Golden-ft owered Syringodea. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1799.
Shrub.
52 S. viridis ; leaves linear, spreading, subrecurved ; flowers
crowded, verticillate, horizontal ; bracteas one-half shorter than
the calyx ; corolla cylindrical, ribbed, dilated in the middle, with
a revolute limb ; style exserted. Tp . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica viridis, Andr. heath. 2. t. 59. Ait. hort.
kew. 2. p. 376. Flowers greenish-yellow.
GVeew-fl owered Syringodea. FI. May, Sept. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
53 S. Hibbertia'na ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, linear, glabrous,
spreading ; flowers horizontal, crowded, disposed in a whorled
crown ; bracteas 3, two of which are close to the calyx, and the
third remote ; corolla glabrous, clammy, cylindrical, curved,
clavate, with an erect limb ; anthers a little exserted. Tj . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Hibbertia, Andr.
heath. 3. t. 68. Erica Hibbertiana, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 378.
Sims, bot. mag. 1758. Corollas dark red or purplish-red, with
a yellow mouth.
Hibbert's Syringodea. FI. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
54 S. onosm^flora ; leaves linear, spreading, glabrous ;
flowers crowded, axillary, subverticillate ; corolla viscid,
with a cylindrical tube and spreading limb ; bracteas one-half
shorter than the calyx. Ip . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica glutinosa, Andr. heath. 1. t. 60. Erica viscosa,
Wendl. eric, with a figure. Erica onosmaeflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 363. Corolla sulphur-coloured ; tube clavate, 9-10
lines long. Calycine segments ovate-oblong.
Onosma-flowered Syringodea. FI. Sept. March. Clt. 1789.
Shrub.
55 S. echiiflora ; leaves 5-7 in a whorl, linear, downy,
with rough margins, spreading; flowers axillary, horizontal,
spicate ; bracteas close to the calyx ; corolla with a short in-
flated ribbed tube, clammy ; style exserted. Ip . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica echiiflora, Andr. heath. 3. t.
62. Lodd. bot. cab. 364. Erica echiiflora, var. superba, Bedf.
eric. wob. p. 8. Corollas deep red or reddish-purple.
Var. ft, purpurea (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 8.) corolla purple, with
a short equal tube, that is not inflated.
Var. y, coccinea (Lodd. cat. p. 25.) corollas deep red or
scarlet.
Bugloss-Jlorvered Syringodea. FI. March, May. Clt. 1798.
Shrub.
56 S. argentifl6ra ; leaves linear, glabrous, spreadingly in-
curved ; flowers axillary, horizontal, spicate, rather pellucid ;
bracteas close to the calyx ; style exserted. Tp . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica argentiflora, Andr. heath, vol.
4. with a figure. Corolla tubular, short, white.
Silver -flowered Syringodea. FI. April, July. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
57 S. Archeria'na ; leaves 6-7 in a whorl, serrulately cili-
ated, spreading ; flowers axillary and terminal, crowded, verti-
cillate ; pedicels tribracteate, 2 of the bracteas near the calyx,
and the third remote ; corolla downy, viscid, with a cylindrical
inflated tube ; calycine segments serrulately hispid, as well as
the bracteas ; style exserted. Ip . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica Archeria, Andr. heath. 2. t. 66. Erica
Archeriana, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 378. Lodd. bot. cab. 1466.
Corolla deep reddish-purple or scarlet. Ovarium cylin-
drical.
Lady Archer's Syringodea. FI. April, Sept. Clt. 1796.
Shrub.
58 S. rosea ; leaves filiform, erect, 5-6 in a whorl ; flowers
sessile, terminating small branches ; bracteas close to the calyx;
corolla glabrous, with a cylindrical tube and erect segments ;
calycine segments subulate ; genitals inclosed. Tp . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica rosea, Andr. heath. 2. t. 13.
Lodd. bot. cab. 782. Flowers red.
•ffosy- flowered Syringodea. FI. April, Oct. Clt. 1798.
Shrub.
59 S. Salisburia'na ; leaves linear, erect, with revolute
margins, white beneath ; flowers axillary, racemosely spicate,
tufted, crowded, drooping ; corollas cylindrically clavate ; style
exserted. Tp . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Salisburia, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure. Erica rosea,
Hort. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 132. Flowers purplish red.
Salisbury’s Syringodea. FI. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
60 S. grandiflora ; leaves linear, bluntish, glabrous, re-
clinate ; flowers axillary near the tops of the branches and
stem, verticillate ; bracteas small, close to the calyx ; calycine
segments ovate-lanceolate ; corolla long, curved, trumpet-
shaped, viscid, with a revolute limb ; genitals exserted. Tp . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica grandiflora, Thunb.
diss. no. 28. Lin. suppl. 223. Curt. bot. mag. 189. PI. hort.
kew. t. 8. Andr. heath. 1. t. 50. Erica grandiflora longifdlia,
Wendl. eric. 6. p. 5. with a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 498. Co-
rolla orange-yellow outside, yellow inside. Leaves from 4 to 6
in a whorl, but usually the latter number.
Var. ft, formosa ; leaves 8 in a whorl ; pedicels bracteate, 2
of the bracteas close to the calyx, and the third remote from
it ; corollas reddish-orange. Erica formosa, Bedf. eric. wob.
p. 10.
Var. y, humilis ; leaves 4 in a whorl. Shrub dwarf.
Var. h, Andr ewsii ; flowers scarlet. T? • G. Erica formosa,
Andr. heath. 2. t. 64.
Great-flowered Syringodea. FI. May, Sept. Clt. 1 775.
Shrub.
61 S. Leea'na; leaves linear, filiform, stiff, obtuse, spreading;
flowers axillary, verticillate ; bracteas close to the calyx, and
length of it ; corolla 5-6 lines long, viscid, wuth a clavate 4-
ribbed tube, and a spreading limb ; calyx adpressed ; style ex-
serted. Tp . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Leea, Andr. heath. 1. t. 59. Erica Leeana, Ait. hort. kew. 2.
t. 376. PI. kewr. 24. Lodd. bot. cab. 298. Erica costaeflora,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 363. Corollas orange-red.
Lee’s Syringodea. FI. May, Jan. Clt. 1788. Shrub.
62 S. cephalotes ; leaves linear ; flowers disposed in
capitate whorls ; calyx downy ; corolla tubularly clavate ; an-
thers inclosed ; style exserted. Tp . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica cephalotes, Thunb. diss. no. 23. prod. 70.
Willd. spec. 2. p. 398. Corolla purple.
Headed Syringodea. FI. May, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub.
63 S. coccinea ; stem angular ; leaves linear, cuspidate, cili-
ated, spreading; flowers axillary, crowded; bracteas close to
the calyx ; calyx spreading, woolly or villous ; corolla viscid, 9-
10 lines long, having the tube hardly clavate, and the limb
erect ; style exserted ; ovarium turbinate. Tp . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica coccinea, Berg. pi. cap. p. 93.
Wendl. eric. fasc. 3. p. 9. writh a figure. Andr. heath, 1. t. 49.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1374. Erica abietina, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 355.
Erica frondosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 364. Flowers scarlet
or deep red.
Var. ft, Bedfordiana ; bracteas coloured; calyx wholly ; geni-
tals exserted ; flow ers nearly terminal, verticillate ; corolla with
ERICACEAE. XV. Syringodea.
i a trumpet-shaped tube. Jj . G. Erica coccinea, Hortul. Bedf.
tj eric. wob. p. 6. Flowers red-orange.
iS'car/eJ-flowered Syringodea. FI. Year. Clt. 1793. Shrub
64 S. furpu'rea ; stem terete; leaves short, linear, ciliated,
spreading, 6-7 in a whorl, rather remote ; flowers crowded, hori-
zontal, verticillate; bracteas close to the calyx; calyx incurvedly
erect ; corolla cylindrical, trumpet-shaped, 8-9 lines long, viscid,
> with a hardly clavate tube, and a spreading limb ; genitals ex-
serted ; ovarium turbinate. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica purpurea, Andr. heath. 1. t. 58. Lodd.
bot. cab. 703. Erica phylicifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 364.
Corollas purple.
Purple-dowered Syringodea. FI. Year. Clt. 1789. Shrub.
65 S. concinna ; leaves linear, rather villous, erect ; flowers
axillary, verticillate, crowded ; bracteas close to the calyx ; co-
rolla 7-9 lines long, downy, cylindrical, with the tube rather cla-
vate, and the limb spreading ; calyxes denticulated, villous; geni-
tals inclosed ; anthers bearded at the base. Ij . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica concinna, Sol. in Ait. hort.
kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 23. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 374. Schnev. icon,
no. 31. Wendl. eric. 9. p. 9. wdth a figure. Erica abietina,
Andr. eric. 2. t. 62. Erica verticillata, Berg. pi. cap. p. 99.
Erica paludosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 356. Corollas pale
purplish-red.
Neat Syringodea. FI. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1773. Shrub.
66 S. filamentosa ; leaves linear, glabrous?; flowers axil-
lary, nearly terminal, verticillate, crowded ; bracteas remote from
the calyx ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla with a large
bell-shaped tube ; style exserted ; pedicels longer than the
flowers. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
filamentbsa, Andr. heath. 2. t. 63. Ker. bot. reg. t. 6. Lodd.
bot. cab. 395. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 39 8. Corolla short,
purple.
Thready Syringodea. FI. Year. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
67 S. lana'ta ; leaves 5-6 in a whorl, woolly, as well as the
branches, which are also verticillate ; flowers terminal ; calyx
incurvedly spreading, concave at the base outside ; corolla 9-11
lines long, rather woolly. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica lanata, Wendl. eric. p. 45. with a figure. Erica
verticillaris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 360. Flowers of a rufous
fulvous colour. Anthers mutic.
Woolly Syringodea. FI. Feb. May. Clt. 1775. Shrub.
68 S. pu'ra ; leaves linear, glabrous; flowers axillary, ver-
ticillate, near the tops of the branches ; bracteas close to the
calyx ; style exserted ; corolla with a cylindrical subclavate
tube. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
pura, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure, but not of Lodd.
Flowers pure white.
Pwre-flowered Syringodea. FI. June, Oct. Clt. 1827.
Shrub.
69 S. pueche'lea ; leaves linear, attenuated, with revolute
edges, glabrous ? ; bracteas close to the calyx ; flowers axillary,
crowded ; calycine segments subulate ; pedicels much shorter
than the flowers ; corolla viscid, 5-6 lines long, with a funnel-
formed tube. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica pulchella, Thunb. diss. no. 24. with a figure. Ait. hort.
kew. 2. p. 398. Lodd. bot. cab. 307. ? Erica argutifolia, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p. 364.
Pretty Syringodea. FI. Autumn. Clt. 1792. Shrub.
70 S. pulviniformis ; leaves linear, attenuated, serrulately
ciliated ; flowers longish, on the rudiments of the branches ; co-
rolla 7-9 lines long, viscid, with a cylindrically urceolar tube.
1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica pulvinifor-
mis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 364. Corollas red. — Habit of
Erica cerinthoides.
823
Pillow -formed- flowered Syringodea. FI. Feb. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
§ 2. Anthers anned or crested. Aberrant species.
* Leaves 3 in a whorl.
71 S. discolor ; leaves linear, spreading, ciliated; flowers
terminal, by threes ; bracteas close to the calyx ; calycine seg-
ments serrulated ; corolla 9-10 lines long, anointed with gluten,
cylindrical, having the tube finely striated ; awns of anthers
short, glabrous. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica discolor, Andr. heath. 1. t. 3. Wendl. eric. 5. p. 9. with
a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 1453. Erica cupressiformis, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 354. Corollas pale red.
Two-colour ed-flowered Syringodea. FI. Nov. March. Clt.
1788. Shrub.
72 S. rugosa ; leaves crowded, linear, spreadingly reflexed,
3-5 in a whorl ; flowers axillary, verticillate, near the tops of
the branches ; bracteas broad at the base, remote from the
calyx ; calyx foliaceous ; corolla with a wrinkled tube ; genitals
exserted ; anthers awned. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica rugosa, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure.
Flowers reddish-purple.
Wrinkled-flowered Syringodea. FI. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
73 S. densifolia; leaves linear-oblong, imbricated, glabrous ;
flowers axillary, crowded ; corolla cylindrically-clavate, downy ;
style exserted. .G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
densifolia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 359. Flowers purplish-red.
Dense-leaved Syringodea. FI. March, May. Clt. 1811.
Shrub.
74 S. Ewera'na ; leaves linear, scabrous, spreading ;
flowers subspicate ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; calyx flat,
with thick margins ; corolla cylindrical, 8-10 lines long, clothed
with viscid down, curved and clavate ; style exserted ; awns of
anthers long, downy. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica Ewerana, Dry. in Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 368. Lodd.
bot. cab. 303. Erica Ewera, Hort. Erica U hria, Andr.
heath. 2. t. 3. Wendl. eric. 18. p. 91. Erica decora,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 354, with a figure. Corolla dark red,
or reddish-purple, with a greenish-yellow mouth.
Far. ft, pildsa (Andr. heath. 2. t. 4.) leaves pilose; bracteas
close to the calyx ; flowers terminating small branches ; corolla
slightly curved and clavate, purplish-red, with a greenish-yellow
mouth.
Ewer's Syringodea. FI. July, Nov. Clt. 1790. Shrub.
75 S. hirta ; leaves linear, ciliated ; flowers terminal ; bracteas
sessile, close to the calyx, ciliated ; corolla cylindrical ; style
exserted ; anthers awned. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica hirta, Andr. heath. 3. t. 5. Lodd. bot. cab. 1116.
but not of Thunb. nor Willd. Corolla reddish-purple, with a
greenish-yellow mouth.
Hairy Syringodea. FI. Feb. May. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
76 S. crue'nta ; leaves linear, subulate, glabrous, spreading;
flowers terminal, by threes ; bracteas remote from the calyx ;
calyx serrated; corolla 9-12 lines long, shining, smooth, with a
clavate, more or less compressed, curved tube ; style exserted ;
pericarp ovate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica cruenta, PI. kew. t. 13. Lodd. bot. cab. 1656. Erica
melliflua, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 354. Corolla reddish-purple
or blood-coloured.
Far. ft ; calyx slightly serrated ; corolla deep red or scarlet.
J? . G. Erica cruenta, Andr. heath. 1. t. 9. Sol. in Ait. hort.
kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 16. Wendl. eric. 4. p. 11. with a
figure.
824
ERICACEAE. XV. Syringodea.
Bloody-flowered Syringodea. FI. Year. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
77 S. viridiflora; leaves 3 in a whorl, or alternate, cili-
ated ; flowers terminal, drooping ; bracteas imbricate ; corolla
with a cylindrical clavate tube ; style exserted ; anthers a little
exserted, subaristate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica birta, var. viridiflora, Andr. heath. 3. t. 7. Lodd.
hot. cab. 917. Flowers deep green.
Green-flowered Syringodea. FI. July, May. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
78 S. specio'sa ; leaves linear, downy, spreading ; flowers
terminal, by threes ; bracteas close to the calyx ; calycine seg-
ments broad, short, imbricate, with woolly edges ; corolla with a
cylindrical, inflexed, curved tube, and an erect limb; style ex-
serted, incurved at top ; anthers awned, about the length of the
corolla. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
speciosa, Andr. heath. 2. t. 2. Lodd. bot. cab. 575. Ait.
liort. kew. 2. p. 369. Corollas dark red or reddish-purple,
with a greenish-yellow mouth.
Specious Syringodea. FI. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
79 S.? Dickensonii; leaves glabrous ; flowers terminating the
small branches ; bracteas imbricate, angular ; corolla with a bell-
shaped tube, and large spreading segments ; anthers a little
exserted, crested ; style exserted. T? . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica Dickensonia, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 8.
Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1816. Flowers yellow.
Var. alba; flowers white.
Var. y, rubra ; flowers red.
Dickenson's Syringodea. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1809. Shrub.
* * Leaves 4 in a whorl.
80 S. muta'bilis ; leaves linear, ciliated, spreading, 3-4 in a
whorl, the 3 terminal hairs the longest ; flowers terminal, um-
bellate ; pedicels downy ; bracteas 3, 2 near the calyx, and the
third remote from it ; calycine segments ciliated, with glan-
dular hairs ; corolla cylindrical, inflated ; filaments awned ; an-
thers a little exserted; style exserted. 1? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica mutabilis, Andr. heath. 3. t. 31.
Sims, bot. mag. 2348. Lodd. bot. cab. 46. Corolla purplish-
red, deeper towards the top. The hairs or down on the plant
are tipped with black glands in the young state.
Changeable-flowered Syringodea. FI. Year. Clt. 1798.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
81 S. cuspidi'gera ; leaves linear, pedicels glabrous ; calycine
segments ovate, cuspidate; flowers terminal; corolla 11-12
lines long, downy, having the interstices of the limb lanceolate
at the base ; anthers hairy, awned ; filaments rather villous.
Tj , G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica cuspidi-
gera, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 358.
Point-bearing Syringodea. FI. Feb. May. Clt. 1796.
Shrub.
82 S. de'nsa ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, linear, somewhat imbri-
cated, spreading ; flowers axillary, crowded, nearly sessile ;
bracteas close to the calyx; calyx adpressed ; corolla with an
oblong-cylindrical tube, and a short spreading limb ; anthers
awned ; style a little exserted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica densa, Andr. heath. 3. t. 30. Corolla pale
red, with a deep spreading border, like a Callista, of which it
mav probably be a species.
Z)erc$e-flowered Syringodea. FI. May, Oct. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
83 S. na'na ; stem trailing; leaves linear, spreading, obtuse ;
flowers terminal; bracteas close to the calyx, imbricated, ciliated;
corolla 9-1 1 lines long, downy outside, with a clavate compressed
tube ; style exserted ; awns of anthers long, . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica nana, Sal. in Lin. trans.
355. Erica depressa, Andr. heath. 2. t. 12. but not of Thunb.
nor Willd. Corollas yellow-green.
Dwarf Syringodea. FI. Aug. Nov. Clt. ? Shrub trailing.
84 S. ostrIna; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, glabrous; flowers
terminal ; corolla cylindrical, curved, widened to the throat.
. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica ostrina,
Lodd. bot. cab. 1218. Corolla purplish-red.
Purple-flowered Syringodea. FI. June, Nov. Clt. 1820.
Shrub.
85 S. hy'brida ; leaves linear, glabrous, flowers terminal ;
bracteas close to the calyx ; corolla glabrous, with a cylindrical,
slightly curved tube ; style exserted ; anthers aristate. 1? . G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica hybrida, Hort.
Flowers purplish-red. Nearly allied to S. cylindrica.
Hybrid Syringodea. FI. May, June. Clt.? Shrub.
86 S. nitens ; leaves hairy, flowers terminal ; pedicels tri-
bracteate, 2 of the bracteas near the calyx, and the third re-
mote ; calyx coloured, hairy ; corolla with a curved suhclavate
tube ; genitals aristate, a little exserted. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica nitens, Hortul. Bedf. eric. wob.
p. 16. Corolla purplish-red, with a green top.
Shining Syringodea. FI. June, Sept. Clt. ? Shrub.
87 S. sanguinea ; leaves linear, glabrous ; flowers nearly
terminal, crowded, verticillate ; calyxes broad; bracteas remote
from the calyx ; corolla cylindrical ; anthers a little exserted,
subaristate ; style exserted. I? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica sanguinea, Lodd. bot. cab. 86. Flowers
deep red.
Bloody-flowered Syringodea. FI. Year. Clt. 1815. Shrub.
88 S. vire'scens ; leaves linear, incurvedly erect, hairy ;
flowers terminal, sessile ; bracteas close to the calyx ; corolla
clammy ; style exserted, incurved. Tj . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica virescens, Lodd. bot. cab. 233. Corolla
greenish-yellow. Anthers awned.
Greenish-flowered Syringodea. FI. May. Clt. 1804. Shrub.
89 S. ambigua ; ieaves linear, rather hairy, spreading ;
flowers terminal, usually solitary ; bracteas close to the calyx ;
calycine segments subulate, adpressed ; corolla striated, gla-
brous, with a cylindrical tube and short reflexed limb ; style a
little exserted; anthers awned. 1? .G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica ambigua, Wendl. eric. fasc. 16. p. 61.
with a figure. Erica cylindrica, Andr. heath. 2. t. 30. Lodd.
bot. cab. 1734. Corolla reddish-purple.
Ambiguous Syringodea. FI. April, June. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
90 S. buccinjEFormis ; leaves linear, downy ; flowers termi-
nal; pedicels downy; corolla 9-10 lines long, downy, with a
recurvedly spreading limb ; filaments downy ; anthers awned.
1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica buccinae-
formis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 359. Erica tubiflora, Thunb.
diss. no. 31. Flowers reddish-purple.
Trumpet-formed flowered Syringodea. FI. June, July\ Clt.
1818. Shrub.
91 S. clave;flora ; leaves linear, glabrous, spreading;
flowers axillary, nearly sessile, spicate ; bracteas imbricate ;
calyx fleshy, with orbicularly spatulate entire segments ; co-
rolla downy, 10-12 lines long, clavate; style exserted ; anthers
awned. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
clavaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 365. Erica sessiliflora,
Andr. heath. 2. t. 10. Corollas greenish-yellow.
Club - flowered Syringodea. FI. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1799.
Shrub.
92 S. epistomia ; leaves glabrous ; flowers terminal ; bracteas
remote and close to the calyx ; calyx green, large, inflated ;
corolla with an oblong inflated tube ; genitals inclosed, aristate.
Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica epistomia,
ERICACEvE. XV. Syringodea.
825
Nois. Bedf. eric. wob. p. 9. pi. 4. f. 7. Lodd. bot. cab. 1186.
Flowers yellow-green.
Spout- flowered Syringodea. FI. May, June. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
93 S. sacciflora ; leaves linear, flowers terminal ; calycine
segments broad, ovate, acuminated ; corolla 6-8 lines long, gla-
brous, with a cylindrical tube ; awns of anthers long ; anthers
linear, papillose. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica sacciflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 355.
Sack-flowered Syringodea. FI. March, June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
94 S. Patersonii ; leaves dense, linear, straight, spreading,
glabrous ; flowers crowded, axillary ; bracteas close to the
calyx ; calycine segments ciliated at the base, and cuspidate at
the apex ; corolla 6-8 lines long, glabrous, with a cylindrical tube
and a short reflexed limb ; style exserted ; awns of anthers
long. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
Patersonia, Andr. heath. 1. t. 10. Wendl. eric. fasc. 1. p. 16.
with a figure. Erica Patersonii, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 379.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1729. Erica abietina, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 506.
diss. no. 20. Erica spissifolia, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 355.
Flowers yellow.
Var. (3, monstrosa (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 17.) corolla larger.
Var. y, Major (Andr. heath. 3. t. 10.) calyx slightly toothed.
Paterson's Syringodea. FI. April, July. Clt. 1791. Shrub.
95 S. velita'ris ; leaves linear ; flowers terminal ; corolla 2i
to 3 lines long, downy, with an obovate tube and a recurvedly
spreading limb ; crests of anthers long, cuneated, and a little
serrated. 1? • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
velitaris, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 357.
Javelin-fl, owered Syringodea. FI. Jan. June. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
96 S. gi'eva ; leaves linear, triquetrous, stiff, glabrous ;
spreading; flowers axillary, verticillate, pendulous, crowded;
pedicels glabrous ; bracteas lanceolate, close to the calyx,
ribbed ; calycine segments lanceolate ; corolla downy, 7-9 lines
long, with a cylindrical inflated tube, 4-angled at the base ; geni-
tals inclosed ; anthers awned. T? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica gilva, Wendl. eric, with a figure. Erica
gHida, Andr. heath. 2. t. 11. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 370. Lodd.
bot. cab. 699. Erica alveiflora, Sal. in. Lin. trans. 6. p. 366.
Flowers green. Leaves 4-6 in a whorl.
Var. (3, aliens (Bedf. eric. wob. p. 11.) corolla with a white
base and a green top.
Var. y, gilva (Wendl. eric. fasc. 12. p. 13. with a figure);
bracteas remote from the calyx; flowers disposed in a verticillate
crown, greenish-yellow. Leaves 4-5 in a whorl.
/mi-grey-flowered Syringodea. FI. April, July. Clt. 1790.
Shrub.
97 S. mammosa ; leaves linear, subulate, glabrous, erect,
spreading ; flowers drooping, axillary, crowded, verticillate,
near the tops of the branches ; bracteas linear, remote from the
calyx; calyx coloured; pedicels downy; corolla downy, 8-10
lines long ; with a cylindrical inflated tube, having 4 pits near
the base ; genitals inclosed ; anthers awned. Tj . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica mammosa, Lin. mant. 234. diss.
21. Andr. heath. 1. t. 8. Lodd. bot. cab. 125. Erica mam-
mosa, /3, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 366. Erica abietina, Thunb.
diss. no. 68. Schnev. pi. no. 23. with a figure. Berg. pi. cap.
105. — Buxb. cent. 4. p. 25. t. 41-42. Corollas pale purplish-
red, or dark pink.
Var. fi, minor (Andr. heath. 3. t. 9.) corolla more slender,
purplish-red.
Var. y, pallida (Lodd. bot. cab. 951.) flowers paler.
Mammose. Syringodea. FI. July, Oct. Ctl. 1769. Shrub.
98 S. tu'mida ; leaves linear, obtuse, hairy, reflexed ; flowers
VOL. III.
terminal, usually by fours; pedicels tribracteate, 2 of the brac-
teas close to the calyx, and the third remote ; corolla downy,
with an oblong-cylindrical tube ; calyx spreading ; style some-
what exserted ; anthers awned. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica tumida, Ker. bot. reg. t. 65. Erica splen-
dens, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure. Erica splendida, Hort.
Loud. hort. brit. p. 146. Flowers red.
7M»u'd-flowered Syringodea. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
99 S. Bowiea'na ; leaves linear, glaucous, glabrous ; brac-
teas remote from the calyx ; flowers crowded, axillary, verticil-
late, near the tops of the branches, pendulous ; corolla cylindri-
cal, with an inflated tube, and contracted mouth ; genitals in-
closed; anthers awned. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica Bowieana, Lodd. bot. cab. 842. Erica Bowia, Bedf. eric,
wob. p. 4. Erica Baurea, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure.
Flowers white. — Habit of S. mammbsa, and S. verticillata, & c.
Bowie's Syringodea. FI. Year. Clt. 1822. Shrub.
* * * Leaves 5-6 to 8 in a whorl.
100 S. cerviciflora ; leaves 5-6 in a whorl, linear; flowers
axillary, crowded ; corolla 5-6 lines long, downy, with a very
narrow urceolate tube and a spreading limb ; filaments minutely
spurred. \ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
cerviciflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 362. Erica inaperta,
Hort. Pedicels tribracteate.
Neck-Jlowered Syringodea. FI. March, July. Clt. 1810.
Shrub.
101 S. patersonioides; leaves linear, glabrous, 5-6 in a
whorl ; flowers crowded, verticillate ; bracteas close to the
calyx, toothed ; corolla with a cylindrical, clavate, curved tube ;
style exserted ; anthers aristate. T? • G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica patersonioides, Bedf. eric. wob. p. 18.
Erica Patersonia coccinea, Andr. heath. 3. t. 11. Corolla deep
reddish-orange or scarlet.
Patersonia-like Syringodea. FI. April. May. Clt. 1800.
Shrub.
102 S. carina'ta ; leaves 5 in a whorl, reflexed, woolly ;
flowers terminal ; bracteas remote from the calyx ; corolla with
a cylindrical, inflated, ribbed tube; crests of anthers plumose ;
style a little exserted. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica carinata, Lodd. bott. cab. 1071. Corollas red-
dish-purple.
AWed-leaved Syringodea. FI. Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub.
103 S. foliosa. We know nothing further about this spe-
cies. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica foliosa,
or foliacea, Andr. heath, vol. 4. with a figure. Flowers of an
orange-yellow colour.
Leafy Syringodea. FI. May, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
104 S. spica'ta ; leaves linear, subulate, hispid, spreadingly
reflexed, 6 in a whorl ; pedicels very short ; bracteas sessile ;
flowers axillary, crowded, verticillately spicate, drooping ; caly-
cine segments callous, spatulate, entire ; corolla dewy, 7-9 lines
long, cylindrical ; genitals inclosed ; anthers awned. ^ • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica spicata, Thunb. diss.
no. 71. with a figure. Wendl. eric. fasc. 2. p. 27. with a figure.
Erica sessiliflora, Lin. suppl. 222. Erica favosa, Sal. in Lin.
trans 6. p. 365. Corolla yellowish-green.
Var. f3 ; corolla 5-7 lines long, having the segments contigu-
ous at the base. Tj . G. Erica spicata, Andr. heath. 1. t. 11.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1203. Flowers greenish-yellow.
Api&e-flowered Syringodea. FI. Year. Clt. 1789. Shrub.
105 S. fascicula'ris ; leaves 8 in a whorl, narrow-linear,
obtuse, glandularly ciliated, spreading, a little recurved; brac-
teas remote from the calyx ; flowers crowded, axillary, verticil-
late, near the tops of the branches, horizontal; corolla 13 lines
5 N
826
ERICACEAE. XVI. Dasyanthes. XVII. Ectasis.
long, viscid, with a cylindrical clavate tube and an erect limb ;
pedicels and bracteas glandular ; style a little exserted ; awns of
anthers subulate. b . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica fascicularis, Lin. suppl. 219. PI. kew. t. 6. Erica coro-
nata, Andr. 1. t. 12. Bedf. eric. wob. pi. 11. f. 17. Erica oc-
tophylla, Thunb. diss. no. 72. with a figure, Willd. spec. 2. p.
372. Erica radiiflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 360. Corollas
reddish-purple, with a green apex.
Fascicled-d owered Syringodea. FI. Feb. June. Clt. 1787.
Shrub.
106 S. sceptriformis; leaves 8 in a whorl; stem straight;
pedicels very short, axillary, crowded ; calyx callous, with broad,
spatulate, deeply serrated segments; corolla 7-10 lines long,
downy. b . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
sceptriformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 365. Erica enneaphylla,
Roxb. mss.
Sceptre-formed flowered Syringodea. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt.
1790. Shrub.
107 S. ? doeiiformis ; leaves hairy, linear, 6 in a whorl;
bracteas close to the calyx ; flowers terminal ; corolla 4-5 lines
long, viscid, with an urceolar tube ; awns of anthers short, cune-
ated. b . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
doliiformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 368. Erica mammosa,
Thunb. diss. no. 69. with a figure.
Tun-formed-doweved Syringodea. FI. May, Sept. Clt.
1798. Shrub.
•f" Species hardly known.
108 S. hirsu'ta ; leaves 4 in a whorl, hairy, hoary, linear;
flowers axillary, crowded, verticillate ; anthers awned ?. 1? .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica hirsitta, Lodd.
bot. cab. 754. Corolla with a red base and white apex.
Hairy Syringodea. FI. March, April. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
109 S. ri/bida ; leaves linear, 4 in a whorl, glabrous;
flowers terminal and axillary ; bracteas distant from the calyx ;
corolla tubular, drooping ; anthers ?. b • G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica rubida, Lodd. bot. cab. 1166.
Pedicels and calyxes red. Corollas white.
Reddish- calyxed Syringodea. FI. May, June. Clt. 1826.
Shrub.
110 S. expo'sita ; leaves 4 in a whorl, hairy; calyx, brac-
teas, and pedicels, clothed with glandular hairs ; flowers termi-
nal, by threes or fours ; corolla cylindrical. b • G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica exposita, Lodd. bot. cab. 1521.
Flowers red.
Exposed Syringodea. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub.
111 S. elonga'ta ; leaves hoary, linear, 4 in a whorl ; flowers
terminal ; corolla hairy at top. b . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica elongata, Lodd. bot. cab. 738. Flowers white.
Elongated Syringodea. FI. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
112 S. Rollinsonii ; leaves 4 in a whorl?; flowers nearly
terminal, verticillate ; corolla with a straight cylindrical tube.
1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Rol-
linsonii, Hortul. Bedf. eric, wob. p. 21. Flowers purplish-red.
Rollinson's Syringodea. FI. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub.
Cult. See Erica, p. 800, for culture and propagation.
XVI. DASYA'NTHES (from baa vq, dasys, hairy, and avOoQ,
anthos, a flower ; in reference to the corolla, which is hairy).
D. Don,inedinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 156. — Erica species of Lin.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, bibrac-
teate at the base. Corolla tubular, hispid, with an erect 4-lobed
limb. Stamens inclosed ; filaments capillary ; anthers bipar-
tite ; cells of anthers mutic at the base, dehiscing longitudinally.
Stigma large, peltate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. — An
erect shrub, native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves loosely
imbricate, hispid from bristles, with revolute margins. Flowers
terminal, fascicled, yellow.
1 D. Sparma'nni (D. Don, 1. c.). b . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica Sparmanni, Lin. suppl. 219. in act.
holm. 1778. p. 24. t. 2. Thunb. diss. no. 33. Erica £spera,
Andr. heath, vol. 3. t. 55. Erica hystriciflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 367. Erica horrida, Hortul. Leaves 4 in a whorl.
Flowers drooping, by threes.
Sparmann's Dasyanthes. FI. Sept. Feb. Clt. 1794. Shrub, lft.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
XVII. ECTA'SIS (from tKraaie, ectasis, extension; from the
stamens being much exserted). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ.
17. p. 156. Erica species of authors.
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-leaved, gluma-
ceous. Corolla tubular, rather ventricose at the base, with a 4-
toothed limb. Stamens much exserted ; filaments dilated ; an-
thers bipartite ; cells of anthers elongated, tubular, dehiscing by
a longitudinal fissure, continuous, with the base of the filaments
mutic. Stigma clavate, truncate. Capsule 4-celled, many-
seeded. Seeds ovate, compressed, smooth, shining. — Much-
branched shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
loosely imbricated, with revolute edges, flat above, 3 or 4 in a
whorl, but mostly the latter number. Flowers terminal, solitary
or numerous.
§1. Flowers lateral. Calyx bractless. Normal species.
1 E. Petive'rii (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves spreadingly recurved,
ciliated ; flowers solitary ; corollas cylindrical ; fruit ovate. b .
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Petiverii, Lin.
mant. 232. diss. no. 50. Lodd. bot. cab. 1426. Erica Peti-
veriana, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 361. Erica baculiflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 346. Corollas yellow.
Var.fi; corollas of a dirty rufous colour. b . G. Erica
Petiverii, Thunb. diss. 21.
Var. y, hirsuta (Andr. heath. 2. t. 72.) leaves hairy; corollas
deep red.
Petiver’s Ectasis. FI. March, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
2 E. Plukne'tii (D. Don, 1. c.) bracteas cuneated, remote
from the calyx ; corolla ovate, pyramidal or conical, smooth,
b . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Pluknetii,
Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 356. Erica fusiformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 345. Corolla scarlet, 6-7 lines long, leaves linear, spreading.
Var. ft ; calyx 2\ to 3 lines long ; corolla purple, with orange-
coloured anthers, 6-7 lines long. b . G. Erica Pluknetiana,
PI. kew. t. 9. Erica Pluknetii. Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 506. exclu-
sive of the synonymes. Erica Pluknetii nana, Andr. heath. 1.
t. 67. Erica Pluknetii pinea, Wendl. eric. 1. p. 9. with a figure.
Var. y ; calyx 1 line long ; corolla white, 3 to 3 lines long,
b . G. Erica Petiverii ft, Thunb. diss. no. 21.
Var. b ; calyx 2\ lines long ; corolla white, 3 to 3^ lines long.
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 346.
Var. e ; calyx 5 lines long ; corolla white, 5-8 lines long,
b . G. Sal. 1. c. This is said to be the most showy variety.
Var. £, penicellcita (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 361.) corolla red-
dish purple, with orange-red anthers, b • G. Erica penicel-
lata, Andr. heath. 2. t. 69. Lodd. bot. cab. 1918. Erica Pluk-
netia interrhpta, Wendl. eric. 2. p. 21. with a figure.
Pluknet’s Ectasis. FI. April, May. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
3 E. brunia'des ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-oblong, erect,
short, villously tomentose ; flowers terminal, subumbellate,
drooping ; bracteas remote from the calyx, 4-leaved ; corolla
campanulate, much longer than the calyx, which is very villous
and silky ; nectarium astraguliform, silky, b • G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica bruniades, Lin. mant. p. 378.
diss. no. 52. with a figure of the flower. Wendl. eric. 16. p. 53.
with a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 1365. Erica carbasina, Sal. in
ERICACEAE. XVII. Ectasis. XVIII. Eriodesmia.
827
Lin. trans. 6. p. 333. Corolla 1-^ line long, white or pale red,
also yellow'.
Brunia-like Ectasis. FI. April, July. Clt. 1790. Shrub 11 ft.
4 E. vali.era2flora ; leaves 3 in a whorl, linear, downy or
hairy, spreading, rather remote ; flowers terminal, by threes ;
bracteas remote, quadrifid ; corollas globose, urceolar, a little
1 longer than the calyx, which is large, and densely clothed with
silky hairs ; nectarium cotyliform, glabrous. 1? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica valleraeflora, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 333. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 365. Erica bruniades,
Andr. heath. 1. t. 37. Erica villosa, Pink. mant. 69. t. 347. f.
9. Wendl. eric. fasc. 16. p. 65. with a figure. Erica capitata,
Thunb. eric. no. 15. Calyx and corolla pale red. Anthers
black. Corolla 1 g line long.
Woolly-flowered, Ectasis. FI. Feb. July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 A ft.
§ 2. Flowers terminal. Calyx imbricated by numerous scales
at the base. Aberrant species.
5 E. Banksia' na (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves mucronate ; corolla
cylindrical, with a reflexed limb ; pericarp bearded. Tj • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Banksia, Andr. heath.
1. t. 66. Erica Banksii, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 361. Erica fra-
gilis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 346. Corolla greenish-yellow, with
brown anthers.
Far. /3; alba ; flowers white.
Sir Joseph Banks’s Ectasis. FI. Feb. July. Clt. 1787. Shrub.
6 E. vestiflu'a ; leaves incurvedly spreading, pilose while
young ; flowers solitary, terminal ; corolla with a cylindrical
tube, 7-9 lines long. Tj . G. Erica vestiflua, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6.
p. 346. Erica Petiviriana, Roxb. mss. Corolla rufous.
Flowing-vested Ectasis. FI. March, June. Clt. 1795. Sh.
7 E. Seba'na (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves recurvedly spreading ;
tube of corolla cylindrical, incurved, ventricose at the base ;
pericarp oval ; calyx and bracteas glabrous. T? . G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Erica Sebana, PI. kew. t. 10. Erica
coccinea, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 505. Erica cothurnalis, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 347. Erica Sebana auranlia, Andr. heath, vol.
1. Erica Afric&na, &c. Seb. thes. 1. p. 32. t. 21. f. 4. Flowers
by threes. Corolla pale brown.
Far. 1 3; bracteas and calyx downy. T? . G. Erica Pluk-
netii, Berg. pi. cap. p. 92. Corollas pale brown.
Far. y, rubra ; flowers reddish-orange at top, and reddish-
purple at the base ; anlhers orange-yellow.
Far. alrorubens ; flowrers reddish-purple. T? • G.
Seba’s Ectasis. FI. April, Nov. Clt. 1774. Shrub.
8 E. socciflora ; leaves recurvedly spreading ; corolla coni-
cal; flowers by threes ; fruit ovate. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica socciflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p.
347. Bedf. eric. wob. pi. 4. f. 8. Erica Sebana viridis, Andr.
heath. 1. icon. Corolla greenish-yellow ; anthers orange-yellow.
Pump-flowered Ectasis. FI. April, May. Clt. 1799. Sh.
9 E.furfurosa; leaves incurvedly spreading, downy ; flowers
by threes ; corolla viscid, cylindrical ; filaments very broad ; nec-
tarium cotyliform. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Erica furfurosa, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 348. Erica mona-
delpha, Andr. heath. 1. t. 65. Sims, bot. mag. 1370. Corolla
white, with a red border, and orange-yellow anthers.
Scurfy Ectasis. FI. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1789. Shrub.
10 E. monade'lpha ; corolla with a cylindrical tube, and re-
flexed segments ; filaments very broad. Tj . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica monadelpha, Bedf. eric. wob. p.
15. pi. 2. f. 12. Erica Banksia purpurea, Andr. heath. 3. t. 37.
Corolla greenish-white or yellow, with a purple border, and yel-
low anthers. — Perhaps the same as the preceding.
Monadelphous Ectasis. FI. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1800. Shrub.
1 1 E. follicula'ris ; leaves spreading ; flowers solitary,
spike-like ; corollas conical. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica follicularis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 348.
Erica Petiveriana, Andr. heath. 2. t. 71. Wendl. eric. 14. p. 23.
Corolla yellow-green or orange-red, 5-7 lines long, with brown
anthers. Nectarium quadrangular.
Follicular Ectasis. FI. Feb. July. Clt. 1794. Shrub.
12 E. melastoma; leaves 4 in a whorl, stiff, secund ; flowers
terminal, solitary ; corolla cone-shaped. . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica melastoma, Andr. heath. 1 . icon.
Wendl. eric. 14. p. 23. with a figure. Lodd. bot. cab. 333.
Erica follicularis /3, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 348. Corolla with
a greenish-yellow tube, a dark brown mouth, and orange an-
thers.
Black-mouthed Ectasis. FI. May, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub.
13 E. picta ; leaves 4 in a whorl; corolla cylindrical, in-
curved. I2 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
picta, Nois. mss. Bedf. hort. eric. wob. p. 19. Corolla with an
orange-yellow tube, and orange anthers.
Painted Ectasis. FI. Oct. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub.
14 E. penicilliflora ; leaves ciliated, erect; flowers by
threes ; corolla 2 lines long, covered by the calyx, with a spheri-
cal tube ; anthers converging into a pencil-form. Ij . G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica penicilliflora, Sal. in
Lin. trans. 6. p. 348. Erica Petiv&rii vera, Hortul. Erica
calyculata, Wendl. eric. 4. p. 5. with a figure. Bracteas and
calyxes white. An elegant species.
Pencil-flowered Ectasis. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. Shrub.
15 E. PLACENmFLORA ; leaves very obtuse; corolla covered
by the calyx, with a turnip-formed tube ; filaments gradually
dilated ; stigma narrow, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Erica placentaeflora, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 348. Herb
pale, hoary.
Placenta-flowered Ectasis. Shrub.
16 E. pudibu'nda ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, rather viscid;
flowers terminal, by threes ; calyxes ciliated ; corolla conical,
viscid. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
pudibunda, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 345. Erica nutans, Wendl.
eric. fasc. 3. p. 5. with a figure. Corolla 2 lines long ; anthers
broad, hairy. Fruit turbinate, hairy. Flow'ers pale red. ?
Blush Ectasis. FI. June, Sept. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
17 E. filiformis ; leaves 3 in a whorl, remote, narrow, re-
curved, clothed with viscid pubescence; calyx bracteate ; corolla
1 line long, glabrous, with a recurved tube ; filaments broad at
the top; stigma narrow ; fruit smooth. T? . G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Erica filiformis, Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 345.
Filiform Ectasis. Shrub.
18 E. stella'ris; hoary; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, linear,
spreading, a little incurved, ciliated ; flowers almost sessile,
terminal, capitate ; bracteas near the calyx; calycine segments
linear, ciliated. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica
stellaris, Nois. Lodd. bot. cab. 893. Erica stellata, Bedf. eric,
wob. p. 24. Flowers white tinged with red. Stamens brown.
Corolla urceolate.
Starry Ectasis. FI. April, June. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
19 E. demissa; leaves linear, 3 in a whorl; flowers termi-
nal ; bracteas imbricate ; corolla cone-shaped. T? . G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica demissa, Hort. Bedf. eric,
wob. p. 8. Flowers greenish-yellow.
Low Ectasis. FI. Spring. Clt. 1818. Shrub.
20 E. ? tu'rgida ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers terminal ;
pedicels very short ; corolla hairy, 1|- line long, with a bulged
tube ; spurs of anthers cuneated ; anthers very short. 1? • G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica turgida, Sal. in Lin.
trans. 6. p. 343. Erica ffisco-rubens, Roxb. mss. Flowers
brownish-red.
Turgid- flowered Ectasis. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
5 n 2
828 ERICACEAE. XIX. Octopera. XX. Euemia. XXI. Salaxis. XXII. Calluna. XXIII. Andromeda.
XVIII. ERIODESMIA (from epiov, erion, wool, and ctapr j,
desmc, a fascicle ; the flowers resemble a fascicle of wool). D.
Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 158. Erica capitata, Lin. &c.
Lin. syst. Octandria Monogy'nia. Calyx large, 4-parted,
bibracteate at the base. Corolla campanulate ; limb 4-lobed,
revolute. Stamens exserted ; filaments dilated, flat ; anthers
bifid, obtuse, scabrous from papillae ; cells of anthers dehiscing
by an oblong pore, having the base continuous with the fila-
ments. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds angular, shining. — An erect branched shrub. Leaves 3
in a whorl, obtuse, very hairy. Flowers terminal, solitary or
by threes, forming a very hairy head.
1 E. capita'ta (D. Don, 1. c.). b . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica capitata, Lin. diss. no. 36. mant. 373.
Berg. pi. cap. 94, Andr. heath. 1. t. 38. Wendl. eric. no. 3. p.
3. with a figure. — Seb. thes. 1. p. 30. t. 20. f. 1. Erica by'ssina,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 383. Calyx very hairy, greenish-yellow.
Bracteas imbricate. Corolla white, and very little longer than
the calyx.
Capiteie-flowered Eriodesmia. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1774.
Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
XIX. OCTOPE'RA (from oicrw, octo, eight, and rropa, pera,
a sack ; in reference to the 8-celled capsule). D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. 17. p. 156. — Erica Bergiana, Lin.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, re-
flexed, naked at the base. Corolla globose, with a contracted
bluntly 4-lobed mouth. Stamens inclosed ; filaments flat ; cells
of anthers very short, dehiscing by a large foramen, furnished
with a lanceolate acuminated crested appendage at the base.
Stigma peltate. Capsule S-celled, many-seeded. — A procum-
bent downy shrub, native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves
broad, 4 in a whorl. Flowers terminal, umbellate ; pedicels scaly.
1 O. Bergia'na (D. Don, 1. c.). . G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Erica Bergiana, Lin. mant. p. 235. diss. no. 6.
Schnev. pi. no. 46. with a figure. Erica quadriflora, Willd.
spec. 2. p. 379. Andr. heath. 2. t. 20. Erica lacunacflora, Sal.
in Lin. trans. 6. p. 377. Erica nitens, Lee. Flowers purplish-
red.
Bergius's Octopera. FI. April, Aug. Clt. 1787. Shrub
procumbent.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
XX. ERE'MIA (from tpripog, eremos, solitary; from the
seeds being solitary in the cells). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ.
17. p. 156. — Erica Totta, Thunb.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, imbri-
cated by bracteas at the base ; segments broadly orbicular, cili-
ated, coriaceous. Corolla urceolar, with a small 4-lobed limb.
Stamens inclosed ; filaments capillary ; anthers bipartite ; cells
of anthers short, mutic at the base, opening by an oblong hole.
Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-celled; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds
large, elliptic, ventricose. — A diffusely branched shrub, native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves spreading, hispid from bris-
tles. Flowers glomerate.
1 E. Totta (D. Don, 1. c.). T? . G. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope. Erica Totta, Thunb. diss. no. 17. Erica ferox,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 324.
Hottentot Eremia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Erica, p. 800.
XXI. SALAXIS (from salax, unchaste ; but the application
is not evident). Sal. MSS. spec. 2.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx irregular, 4-leaved.
Corolla campanulate, 4-cleft. Stigma peltate. Capsule drupa-
ceous, 3-celled, 3-seeded. — Shrubs, native of the Mauritius.
Leaves from 3 to 6 in a whorl, with revolute margins. Flowers
somewhat racemose at the tops of the branches.
1 S. arbore'scens (Willd. ex. Spreng, syst. 2. p. 20.) leaves
3 in a whorl, nearly terete, adpressed ; pedicels downy. Ij . G.
Native of the Mauritius.
Arborescent Salaxis. Shrub.
2 S. Montana (Willd. 1. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, adpressed,
tetragonal ; pedicels glabrous. 1? . G. Native of the Mau-
ritius.
Mountain Salaxis. Shrub.
3 S. axilla'ris (Salisb.) leaves 3 in a whorl, glabrous;
flowers racemose ; corollas globose ; branches tomentose. b G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Erica axilaris, Th. diss,
no. 10.
Axillary flowery Salaxis. Shrub.
4 S. abietina (Willd. 1. c.) leaves generally 3 in a whorl,
linear, spreading, b • G. Native of the Mauritius.
Fir-like Salaxis. Shrub.
Cult. Turfy peat mixed with rough sand is the best soil for
the species of Salaxis ; and young cuttings of them strike root
readily in sand, under a bell-glass, in a little heat.
XXII. CALLU'NA (from taWvw, kalluno, to adorn ; beauty
of plant when in blossom). Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 317. Erica
vulgaris, Lin. and others.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, mem-
branous, coloured, furnished wdth 4 bracteas at the base. Co-
rolla campanulate, 4-lobed, shorter than the calyx. Stamens
inclosed ; filaments dilated ; anthers bipartite, biappendiculate
at the base ; cells of anthers mucronulate, dehiscing length-
wise. Stigma capitate. Capsule with a septicidal dehiscence.
Seeds ovoid, smooth. — A small spreading shrub, native of
Europe. Leaves trigonal, obtuse, very short, imbricating in
4 rows, having the margins revolute, and the base sagittate.
Flowers disposed in long terminal spicate racemes.
1 C. vulga'ris (Sal. in Lin. trans. 6. p. 317.). b • H. Na-
tive throughout Europe ; plentiful in Britain. Erica vulgaris,
Lin. spec. p. 501. Smith’s engl. bot. 1013.
Var. a, purpurea ; flowers purplish-red.
Var. (3, spuria ; flowers purplish-red ; spikes short ; branches
tufted.
Var. y, decumbens ; flowers purplish-red ; spikes short ;
branches decumbent.
Var. S, tomenlosa ; flowers purplish-red ; leaves and branches
woolly.
Var. £, alba ; flowers white, less crowded ; corolla shorter.
Var. £,jlore pleno ; flowers double, pale purplish-red.
Var. p,foliis variegatis ; leaves variegated ; flowers purplish.
Var. 0, aurea ; leaves variegated with yellow.
Var. t, coccinea; flowers deep red.
Var. k, spicata ; spikes long ; flowers red, or white.
Common Heath or Ling Heather. FI. July, Sept. Britain.
Shrub 4 to 3 feet.
Cult. The varieties of Calluna vulgaris are very ornamental
when planted in a border or clump, along with the dwarf
hardy species of Erica and their varieties, as Erica ciliaris,
E. tetralix, E. cinerea, and Gypsocdllis multiflbra, G. vagans,
& c. The border in which they are grown requires to be
composed of peat soil. All are increased by layers, or young
cuttings under a bell-glass.
Subtribe II.
ANDROME'DEjE, (this Subtribe contains plants agreeing
with Andromeda in the Corolla being dead.) D. Don, in Edinb.
phil. journ. 17, p. 157. Corolla deciduous.
XXIII. ANDRO'MEDA (named from the daughter of Ce-
pheus, rescued from the sea-monster by Perseus). D. Don, in
ERICACEAE. XXIII. Andromeda. XXIV. Cassiope.
829
phil. journ. 17, p. 157. Andromeda, species of Authors. Poli-
folia, Buxbanm, cent. 5. p. 5. t. 55. f. 1.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; segments
acute, simple at the base. Corolla globose, with a contracted
5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, inclosed; filaments bearded;
cells of anthers short, furnished with one awn each. Stigma
truncate. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence ; placenta 5-
lobed : lobes simple. Seeds elliptic, compressed, shining, with
a lateral linear hylum. — Shrubs, natives of Europe, Asia, and
North America. Leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronulate, with
the margins more or less revolute, quite entire, glaucous be-
neath, with an elevated rib, and reticulated veins ; petioles very
short, callous. Flowers terminal, umbellate, very beautiful,
reddish, or snow white, furnished with ovate, rather foliaceous,
imbricated bracteas, drooping.
1 A. polifolia (Lin. spec. 564.) leaves oblong, glaucous
beneath ; corollas ovate ; calycine segments ovate, spreading,
white, sometimes tipped with red. . H. Native of the
northern countries of Europe, on turfy bogs ; as of Russia,
Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, Britain, &c. ; North
America, in Canada and Labrador, Bay of St. Lawrence, &c.,
in bogs, and on the borders of mountain lakes ; New York,
and Pennsylvania. In Britain, in mossy bogs in the mountain-
ous parts of England and Ireland, and the low lands of Scotland.
Lin. fl. lapp. 161. t. 1. f. 3. Oed. fl. dan. t. 54. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 713. Buxb. cent. 5. t. 55. f. 1. Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 1.
Pluk. aim. 175. f. 1. Rhododendron polifolium, Scop. cam.
no. 482. Flowers flesh-coloured or pale red. The plant is
called Wild Rosemary, Poley- Mountain , Moorrvort, and Marsh
Holy Rose.
Far. a, latijolia (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 68.). . H. Native
of North America. Broad leaved Marsh Andromeda, or Wild
Rosemary, L. Her. stirp. nov. 2. t. 11.
Far. /8, media; leaves lanceolate; corollas oblong — ovate,
red ; segments of the calyx more erect. Tj . H. Native of
Europe.
Far. y, subulata ; leaves subulate; corollas pink. T? . H.
Native of Britain. Subulate-leaved Wild Rosemary.
Far. S, minima; leaves linear ; corollas pink. 1?. H. Na-
tive of Europe. Least Wild Rosemary.
Far. e, oleifblia ; leaves shaped like those of the olive ; co-
rollas pink. Olive-leaved Wild Rosemary.
Far. £, glaucophylla ; leaves lanceolate, glaucous beneath;
flowers terminal, drooping. T? . H. Native of Canada and
Labrador. An. polifolia, 13. latifolia, Lodd. bot. cab. 546.
Andr. glaucophylla, Link. Flowers pale red.
Polium-leaved Marsh Andromeda, or Wild Rosemary. Fl.
May, Sept. Britain. Shrub 1 foot.
2 A. rosmarinifolia (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 291.)
leaves linear-lanceolate, convex, revolute, white beneath, and
canescent above ; corollas nearly globose ; calycine segments
oblong, red. T? . H. Native of Newfoundland and Labrador.
A. polifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 254. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p.
53. t. 70. f. B. Flowers white, tinged with red.
Rosemary-leaved Marsh Andromeda. Fl. June. Clt. ? Shrub
1 foot.
Cult. Peat is the best soil for the species and varieties of
Andromeda. They are easily increased by dividing at the root,
or by layers.
XXIV. CASSIO PE (the wife of Cepheus, see Andromeda ).
D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 157. Andromeda species of
Lin. and Pall.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-leaved ; leaves
imbricated at the base. Corolla campanulate, (f. 136 6.), 5-cleft,
(f. 136 a.) Stamens 10, inclosed ; filaments glabrous; cells of
anthers short, tumid, furnished with one awn each, (f. 1 36 g.)
Style dilated at the base, (f. 136, d.); stigma obtuse. Capsule
with a loculicidal dehiscence ; valves bifid at the apex. Placenta
5-lobed ; lobes simple. Seeds oblong, compressed, shining. —
Small heath-like shrubs, natives of Asia and North America.
Leaves small, imbricated. Flowers solitary, pedunculate, rose-
coloured, lateral or terminal.
* Leaves fiat.
1 C. hypnoides (D.
Don. 1. c.) leaves loose,
acerose. Jj . H. Native
of Lapland, Denmark, and
Siberia, on the mountains,
where it covers tracts of
land ; and on the north-
west coast of America.
Andromeda hypnoides,
Lin. spec. 563. fl. lapp.
165. t. 1. f. 3. Oed. fl.
dan. t. 10. Pall. fl. ross.
p. 55. t. 73. f. 2. Hook,
bot. mag. t. 2936. — A
small creeping shrub, resembling a moss. Flowers small, with
a red calyx, and white corolla.
Hypnum-like Cassiope. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Shrub
creeping.
2 C. lycopodioides (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves ovate, adpressed,
imbricated in 4 rows. Tj . H. Native of Siberia and the Island
of St. Lawrence. Andromeda lycopodioides, Pall. fl. ross. p.
55. t. 73. f. 1. Flowers red. A small moss-like creeping
shrub.
Club-moss-lilce Cassiope. Shrub creeping.
* * Leaves imbricated in 4 rows, adpressed, with revolute
margins, tumid, somewhat bilocular.
3 C. tetragona (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves obtuse, mutic, mi-
nutely ciliated ; peduncles glabrous. Jj . H. Native of Lapland
and Siberia ; of North America, in Canada, Labrador, and the
north-west coast; Island of St. Lawrence, Kotzebue Sound.
Andromeda tetragona, Lin. spec. 563. fl. lapp. 166. t. 1. f. 4.
Pall. fl. ross. p. 50. t. 73. f. 4. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3181.
Flowers white.
Tetragonal-hxancheA Cassiope. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1810.
Shrub foot.
4 C. Mertensia'na ; leaves bluntish, glabrous ; pedicels
axillary, downy. Tj . H. Native of the Island of Sitcha.
Andromeda Mertensiana, Bongard, in mem. acad. petersb. 2.
p. 152. t. 5. Habit of C. tetragona.
Mertens's Cassandra. Shrub \ foot.
5 C. ericoides (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves awned, setosely ciliated ;
peduncles glabrous. ^ • H. Native of Dahuria and Kamts-
chatka. Andromeda ericoides, Pall. fl. ross. p. 56. t. 73. f. 3.
Flower. ?
Heath-like Cassiope. Shrub \ foot.
6 C. fastigia'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves elongated at top, with
scarious membranous margins ; peduncles woolly. . H.
Native of Nepaul and Mongol. Andromeda fastigiata, Wall. pi.
rar. asiat. 3. t. 284. Andromeda cupressiformis, Wall. mss. ex
D. Don, in mem. wern. soc. 3. p. 411. prod. fl. nep. p. 150.
Flowers pale red.
Fastigiate Cassiope. Shrub procumbent.
7 C. Redo'wskii ; leaves scale-formed, shining, smooth,
fringed, imbricating in 4 rows, making the branches appear ex-
actly tetragonal ; pedicels axillary, glabrous. . H. Native
of the east of Siberia. Andromeda Redowskii, Cham, et
FIG. 136.
830
ERICACEAE. XXV. Cassandra.
XXVI. Zenobia.- XXVII. Lyonia.
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 517. Shrub procumbent, much
branched. Flowers drooping. Calyx deeply 4-parted. Corolla
campanulate, quadrifid, with very blunt segments. Stamens 8,
very short ; anthers 2-celled, biaristate, the cells opening by a
pore at the apex. Capsule 4-valved ; valves septiferous at the
middle.
RedorvsJci’s Cassiope. Shrub procumbent.
Cult. All the species are delicate little shrubs : they grow
well in a peat border, or in pots well drained with sherds in the
same kind of soil ; and may be increased by layers.
XXV. CASSANDRA (a mythological name of the daughter
of Priamus and Hecuba). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ, July,
1834. Andromeda species, Lin. and others.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-leaved, bibrac-
teate at the base ; leaflets imbricated at the base. Corolla ob-
long, with a contracted 5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, inclosed ;
filaments glabrous, simple at the base ; cells of anthers elongated,
and tubular at the apex, mutic. Stigma annular, with a 5-
tubercled disk. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence. Pla-
centa 5-lobed : lobes simple. — An evergreen shrub, common in
North America, north of Europe, and the north of Asia.
Branchlets recurved, pubescent. Leaves on short petioles, el-
liptic-oblong, denticulated, coriaceous, veinless, lepidotted on
both surfaces by peltate scales, when young silvery beneath.
Flowers axillary, on short pedicels, drooping, snow white, dis-
posed in the manner of racemes at the tops of the branches.
1 C. calycula'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves elliptic- oblong,
bluntish, obsoletely serrulated, rusty beneath ; racemes recurved,
leafy ; bracteas of calyx broad, ovate, acuminated ; corollas
oblong-cylindrical. . H. Native of North America, from
Canada to Virginia, in bogs and swamps, on the mountains. It
grows also in Sweden, Prussia, Siberia, &c. Andromeda caly-
culata, Lin. spec. 565. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 53. t. 71. f. 1.
Lodd. bot. cab. 1464.
Far. a, ventricosa (Sims, bot. mag. 1286.).
Far. /3, latifdlia (Lodd. bot. cab. 530.).
Far. y, nana (Sims, bot. mag. 862. Lodd. bot. cab. 826.)
Calyculated - flowered Cassandra. Fl. April, May. Clt.
1748. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
2 C. angustifolia ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, with sub-
undulated revolute edges, rusty beneath ; racemes recurved,
leafy ; bracteas of calyx minute ; corollas oblong-ovate. .
H. Native of Carolina and Georgia, in open swamps. Andro-
meda calyculata, /3, angustifolia, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 70. An-
dromeda angustifolia, Pursh. fl. amer. septr. 1. p. 291. Andro-
meda crispa, Desf. and Link.
Narrow - leaved Cassandra. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1748.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Lyonia, p. 813.
XXVI. ZENO'BIA (a queen of Palmyrensi). D. Don, in
edin. phil. journ. july, 1834. Andromeda species, Michx.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla
campanulate; limb revolute, 5-lobed. Stamens 10; filaments
glabrous, dilated at the base ; cells of anthers elongated, tubu-
lar, biaristate at the apex. Stigma truncate. Capsule with a
loculicidal dehiscence. Placenta 5-lobed : lobes cuneated,
thick, a little arched. Seeds angular, with a lateral oblong hy-
lum. — Evergreen shrubs, natives of North America. Leaves
scattered, dilated, with the margins usually toothed. Flowers
racemose ; pedicels solitary or aggregate.
1 Z. speci6sa (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves oval, obtuse, mucronate,
crenated, or serrated, veiny ; floriferous branches naked, race-
mose. tq • H. Native of North Carolina, in swamps. A very
ornamental little shrub. Flowers large, white, drooping. An-
dromeda speciosa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 256. Lodd. bot. cab.
551.
Far. a, nitida (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 294. under An-
dromeda) ; leaves oblong — ovate, serrated, green on both sur-
faces. fj . H. Andromeda cassinaefdlia, Vent. malm. 79.
Flowers white.
Far. (i, pulverulent a (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 294. under
Andromeda) ; leaves roundish-ovate, remotely crenated, covered
with white powder, as well as the branches. 1? . H. Andro-
meda pulverulenta, Bartr. itin. 476. Curt. bot. mag. 667.
Andromeda cassinaefblia, fi, Vent. hort. cels. 60. Andromeda
speciosa, var. y, glauca. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 26. Andromeda
dealbata, Lindl. bot. reg. 1010. Andromeda ovata, Soland.
mss. in herb. Bankes. Flowers white.
Showy Zenobia. Fl. June. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. See Lyonia, p. 831. for culture and propagation.
XXXVII. LYO'NIA(in memoryof JohnLyon,an indefatigable
collector of North American plants, who fell a victim to a dan-
gerous epidemic amidst those savage and romantic mountains,
which had so often been the theatre of his labours). Nutt. gen.
amer. 1. p. 268. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 158.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
ovate or tubular, with a 5-toothed contracted mouth. Stamens
inclosed ; filaments flattened, dilated, very short, downy ; cells
of anthers membranous, dehiscing lengthwise, altogether mutic.
Style robust, pentagonal, fusiform, thickened at bottom ; stigma
simple, truncate. Capsule pentagonal, 5-celled, with a loculici-
dal dehiscence ; margins of valves closed by 5 other external
narrow valves. Seeds acicular, imbricated. — Shrubs, natives
of North America. Leaves usually membranous and downy.
Flowers for the most part terminal, disposed in racemose
panicles.
* Leaves evergreen.
1 L. ferruginea (Nutt. gen. amer. p. 266.) shrubby; leaves
on long petioles, coriaceous, obovate, usually obtuse, quite en-
tire, with hardly revolute edges, covered with brown umbilicate
furfuraceous scales, as well as every other part of the plant ;
pedicels axillary, collected into threes or fives ; corollas small,
ovate-globose. Jj . H. Native of Georgia, Florida, and Mexico,
in pine woods. Andromeda ferruginea, Walt. fl. car. 138. Vent,
malm. t. 80. Andromeda, ferruginea, /3, fruticosa, Michx. fl.
amer. bor. 1. p. 252. Corollas white inside, and rusty outside.
Ferruginous Ly onia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1784. Shrub 3 to
5 feet.
2 L. RiGiDA(Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 266.) arborescent ; leaves
coriaceous, stiff, crowded, on short petioles, cuneate-lanceolate,
acute, quite entire, convex, with revolute edges, clothed with
brown, umbilicate furfuraceous scales, as well as every other
part of the plant ; pedicels aggregate, axillary ; corollas globose.
^2 . H. Native of Carolina and Florida, in barren sandy woods.
Andromeda ferruginea, Willd. spec. 2. p. 609. Ait. hort. kew.
2. p. 67. Andromeda ferruginea, a, arborescens, Michx. 1. p.
252. Andromeda rigida, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 292. Lodd.
bot. cab. 430. Corollas white inside. This species is very
nearly allied to the preceding ; but their habits, and particularly
their flowering time, differ so materially, that they are actually
distinct.
Stiff Lyonia. Fl. April, May. Cult. 1774. Tree 20 feet.
3 L. margina'ta (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17, p. 159.)
quite glabrous ; branchlets somewhat 3-sided; leaves coriaceous,
oval, acuminated, quite entire, smooth, having the midrib run-
ning through the deflexed margin ; pedicels axillary, aggregate ;
corollas cylindrical ; calvcine segments elongated, linear, coloured.
Tj . H. Native of Carolina and Florida, in sandy forests. An-
ERICACEAE. XXVII. Lyonia. XXVIII. Leucothoe.
831
dromeda marginata, Duham. arb. Andromeda coriacea, Willd.
spec. 2. p. 613. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 70. Sims, bot. mag.
1095. Andr. lucida, Lam. encycl. 1. p. 157. Andr. Mariana,
Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 465. A handsome small shrub. Flowers
pale red ; the calyx long, of a dark red colour. Leaves
marked with very fine punctures.
Var. ft, rubra (Lodd. bot. cab. 672.) flowers deep red.
Marginated- leaved Lyonia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1765.
Shrub 2 feet.
* * Leaves deciduous.
4 L. Maria'na (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17, p. 159.)
leaves oval, acutish at both ends, quite entire, glabrous, rather
coriaceous, paler beneath ; floriferous branches almost leafless ;
pedicels aggregate ; corolla ovate-cylindrical ; calyx foliaceous ;
capsule conoid. Tj . H. Native from New England to Flo-
rida, in woods and dry swamps, particularly in sandy soil. An-
dromeda Mariana, Lin. spec. 564. Sims, bot. mag. 1579. —
Pluk. mant. 448. A dwarf shrub. Flowers large, white, some-
times tinged with red. This plant has a number of very striking
varieties.
Var. ft, leaves narrow, lanceolate. • H.
Maryland Lyonia. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1736. Shrub 2
feet.
5 L. racemosa (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves oval-lanceolate, acute,
serrulated, membranous, glabrous; spikes terminal, secund,
elongated, simple, or branched ; bracteas linear, acute ; corollas
cylindrical ; calyxes acute, bibracteate at the base. . H.
Native from Canada to Carolina, in bogs and swamps. Andro-
meda racemosa, Lin. spec. 564. Lher. stirp. 2. t. 13. Andr.
paniculkta, Walt, carol. 138. — Gron. virg. 67. Flowers white.
A middle-sized shrub, which may be reckoned one of the finest
in North America, not only for the graceful appearance of its
flowers, but also for the fine odour they have. The cells of the
anthers are said to be biaristate at the apex ; it is, therefore,
probably, a species of Zenobia. There are several varieties of
the plant.
Racemose - flowered Lyonia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1736.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
6 L. arborea (D. Don, 1. c.) branches terete ; leaves oblong,
acuminated, mucronately serrated, glabrous ; panicles terminal,
or many spikes; corollas ovoid-cylindrical, downy. J? . H.
Native from Pennsylvania to Florida, in the valleys of the Alle-
ghany Mountains. Andromeda arborea, Lin. spec. 565. Sims,
bot. mag. 905. — Catesb. car. 1. t. 71. A beautiful tree, from
40 to 60 feet high. F'lowers white. The leaves have a very
pleasant acid taste, from which it has been called sorrel- tree.
They are frequently made use of by hunters in those mountains,
to alleviate thirst.
Tree Lyonia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1752. Tree 40 to 60
feet.
7 L. panicula'ta (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 266.) downy ; leaves
obovate-lanceolate, subacuminated at both ends, and almost
entire ; floriferous branches terminal, panicled, nearly naked ;
clusters of flowers pedunculate ; corollas nearly globose, downy.
Ij . H. Native from Canada to Carolina ; common in all
swamps and woods. Andromeda paniculata, Lin. spec. 564.
Lher. stirp. nov. 2. t. 12. Wats, dendr. brit. 37. Flowers
small, white. There are a number of varieties of this species,
differing in size, pubescence, shape of leaves, &c. Upper sur-
faces of the older leaves nearly smooth.
Pawtc/ed-flowered Lyonia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1 748. Shrub
3-4 feet.
8 L. frondosa (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p.267.) every part of
the plant is densely clothed with powdery villi ; leaves oblong,
or oblong-obovate, blunt, or acutish, clothed with furfuraceous
villi, often rusty, prominently veined : with revolute, entire, sca-
brous margins ; panicle terminal, frondose or leafy ; corollas
globose, hispid or downy. Tj • H. Native of the lower coun-
ties of Virginia and Carolina. Andromeda frondosa, Pursh. fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 295. Flowers white. Pursh says the anthers
are awned ; but Nuttall thinks this must be a mistake, or that
his plant must be different from that of Pursh.
Frondose Lyonia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. Shrub 3 feet.
9 L. multiflora (Wats. dend. brit. t. 128.) leaves narrow-
lanceolate, serrated, sprinkled with hair-like atoms ; panicle ter-
minal, composed of numerous fascicled racemes. Tj . H. Na-
tive of North America. Flowers numerous, small, white. Per-
haps only a variety of L. paniculata.
Many-Jlomered Lyonia. Fl. July. Clt.? Shrub 2 feet.
10 L. Jamaice'nsis (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 17, p.
159.) branches smooth ; leaves broad — lanceolate, quite entire,
cinereous beneath from dot-like scales, but shining above ; pe-
dicels aggregate, on long leafless branches, scaly as well as
the calyxes ; corollas ovate. • S. Native of Jamaica, on
the tops of the mountains. Andromeda Jamaicensis, Swartz, fl.
ind. occ. 2. p. 838. Flowers white.
Jamaica Lyonia. Shrub 6 feet.
11 L. fascicula'ta ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, a little
crenated, coriaceous ; racemes shorter than the petioles ; pedi-
cels aggregate, reflexed. . S. Native of the south of Ja-
maica, on the mountains. Andromeda fasciculata, Swartz,
fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 836. Flowers white.
Fascicled- ft owered Lyonia. Tree.
12 L. caprejEfolia (Wats, dendr. brit. 127.) leaves coria-
ceous, elliptic, short-acuminated, serrulated, sprinkled with short
fleshy hairs ; corollas rather silky, globular, coarctate ; racemes
and corymbs mixed, lateral, leafy. Tj . H. Native of
North America. Flowers white. Perhaps only a variety of
L. paniculata.
Caprea-leaved Lyonia. Fl. July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
13 L.? rubigin6sa ; leaves ovate, coriaceous, quite entire, ob-
tuse, downy beneath, rusty when young; racemes lateral, erect;
corollas cylindrical. 1?. S. Native of the West Indies, in the
Island of St. Thomas. Andromeda rubiginosa, Pers. ench. 1.
p. 481. Andr. pubescens, Poir. Leaves shining above, resem-
bling those of Sdlix cdprea. Racemes very short, in fascicles.
Rusty Lyonia. Shrub.
14 L. ? rhomboida'lis ; shrubby; floriferous branches tri-
quetrous ; leaves somewhat rhomboid-oblong, cartilaginous, gla-
brous, rusty beneath, quite entire, callous at the apex ; pedun-
cles axillary, aggregate, elongated, filiform. \ . H. Native of
Florida and Carolina. Andromeda rhomboidalis, Duham. ed.
nov. abr. 192.
Rhomboid- leaved Lyonia. Shrub.
Cult. The species thrive best in peat soil, or a sandy loam.
Being very ornamental, they are desirable shrubs in every gar-
den. They may either be increased by layers or by seeds.
The seeds should be sown in pots or pans in sandy peat soil ;
they should be covered slightly with earth, as they are extremely
small.
XXVIII. LEUCOTHO'E (a mythological name). D.Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. 17, p. 159. Andromeda species of authors.
Lin. syst. Fec&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-leaved ; leaves
imbricated at the base. Corolla tubular, 5-toothed. Stamens
inclosed; filaments dilated, flattened, downy; cells of anthers
short, truncate, mutic. Stigma ample, capitate. Capsule with
a loculicidal dehiscence. — Evergreen shrubs, natives of North
1
832
ERICACEAE. XXVIIL Leucothoe.
XXIX. Pieris. XXX. Phyelodoce.
America. Leaves coriaceous, dentately spinulose. Flowers
white, racemose, axillary, or terminal.
1 L. axilla'ris (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves oblong or oval, acumi-
nated, upper part cartilaginously and mucronately serrulated, co-
vered by scattered glandular hairs on the under surface; young
branches clothed with powdery down ; racemes axillary, spicate,
sessile, beset with scaly bracteas ; corollas ovate-cylindrical ;
filaments ciliated, very short. Pj . H. Native from Virginia
to Georgia, on the mountains. Andromeda axillaris, Solander
in hort. kew. 2. p. 89. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 292.
Leaves glabrous. Flowers in short spikes, white. Capsule
depressed, globose.
Vur. fi, longifolia (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 293.) leaves
linear-lanceolate, very long. T? . H. Sims, bot. mag. 2357.
Andromeda Walteri, Willd.
Axillary-flowered Leucothoe. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1765.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
2 L. spinulosa ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, rounded at
the base, gradually narrowed to the apex, acuminated, some-
what spinulosely serrulated, glabrous, coriaceous ; racemes sub-
spicate, axillary, sessile, secund, rather loose, with scaly brac-
teas ; corollas short, ovate-cylindrical. Ij . H. Native of
Lower Carolina. Andromeda spinulosa, Pursh. fl. amer. sept.
1. p. 293. Andr. Catesbae'i, Walt. fl. carol, p. 137. Willd.
spec. 2. p. 613. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1955. Lodd. bot. cab.
1320. Flowers white. Resembles the preceding in several
respects. The figure in Cat. car. is so very bad, that there can
be no reference made to it.
Sjrinulose-\ea\ed Leucothoe. FI. May, June. Clt. 1793.
Shrub 2 feet.
3 L. acumina'ta ; quite glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
gradually narrowed to the top, acuminated, quite entire or un-
equally serrated, glabrous, shining, reticulately veined, coria-
ceous ; racemes axillary, very short, corymbose, nearly naked ;
flowers pedicellate, drooping ; corollas cylindrically ovate. Ij •
H. Native of Georgia and Florida, in sandy swamps. Andro-
meda acuminata, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 70. Pursh. fl. amer.
sept. 1. p. 293. Smith, exot. bot. 89. And. lhcida, Jacq.
icon. rar. 1. t. 79. And. populifolia, Lam. encycl. 1. p. 195.
A. reticulata, Walt. fl. car. 137. Andr. formosissima, Bartr.
cat. Andr. laurina, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 253. Flowers
white, in great abundance, which gives the shrub a fine ap-
pearance. The stems are hollow, and are used by the natives
for making their pipe stems, from whence the name Pipe-stem-
nood.
Acuminated-\ea\ed Leucothoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1765.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
4 L. floribi/nda (D. Don, 1. c.) quite glabrous; leaves
ovate, oblong, acute, finely serrulated, adpressedly ciliated,
glabrous, coriaceous ; racemes secund, axillary, and terminal,
forming panicles ; pedicels bibracteate. I? . H. Native of
Georgia, on the mountains. Andromeda floribunda, Lyon. herb.
Ker. bot. reg. 807. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 293. Sims,
bot. mag. 1566. Flowers pure white, in great abundance.
Bundle-flowered Leucothoe. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812.
Shrub 2 feet.
5 L. spicA'TA ; glabrous ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute,
ovate or attenuated at the base, serrated ; racemes long, lateral
and terminal, secund ; branchlets beset with short white hairs.
*2 . H. Native from Canada to Florida. Andromeda spic&ta,
Wats, dendr. brit. 36. Flowers white.
/S/ncaep w,
phero, to bear ; leaves covered with small scales.) Limb of calyx
dilated, 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate or rotate. Stamens 10.
Ovarium 5-celled. — Leaves membranous, sometimes deciduous.
22 R. lepidotum (Wall. cat. 758.) every part of the plant is
beset with ferruginous scale-like dots ; leaves spatulate or lan-
ceolate, attenuated at the base, beset with round scale-like dots,
as well as the branchlets, ferruginous beneath ; calycine segments
rounded ; corollas short, campanulate, lepidoted, with roundish
entire lobes ; capsules also lepidoted ; filaments woolly at the
base. Tj . F. Native of Nipaul. A widely-branched shrub,
with the habit of R. Dauricum. Leaves of a thinner texture,
about an inch long. Flowers as well as the capsule covered
with round rust-coloured scales. Flowers deep pink, solitary
or 2-5 together, terminal, on short filiform pedicels.
Scaly-doited Rhododendron. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
23 R. Lapponicum (Wahl. fl. suec. p. 249.) shrub branched,
procumbent ; branches divaricate ; corollas rotately funnel-
shaped ; leaves oblong, obtuse, stiff, beset with foveolate dots,
yellowish and lepidoted beneath. Tj . H. Native of the Arctic
regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. Azalea Lappo-
nica, Lin. fl. suec. p. 64. spec. 214. fl. lapp. ed. Smith, p. 59.
t. 6. f. 1. Hook. hot. mag. 3106. Young branches obscurely
pubescent, warted. Leaves deep green above, pale green and at
length yellowish beneath, thickly beset with hollow dots on both
surfaces, which are covered by umbilicate permanent scales.
Flowers crimson, disposed in umbellate corymbs, 5-6 together,
surrounded by large dotted scales or bracteas. Calyx covered
with yellow scales, ciliated. Segments of corolla unequal, un-
dulated. Stamens 5-8, equal in length to the corolla. Stigma
capitate, 5-lobed. Filaments hairy at the base.
Lapland Rhododendron. Fl. July. Clt. 1825. Shrub pro-
cumbent.
24 R. Dau'ricum (Lin. spec. 562.) deciduous ; leaves oblong,
attenuated at both ends, glabrous, lepidoted from rusty scales,
particularly beneath ; limb of calyx 5-toothed ; corollas rotate.
1? . H. Native of Siberia, peculiar to the alpine tracts of East-
ern Asia ; it appears first at the mouth of the river Yenesee, and
beyond that, especially from the river Uda, in the pine woods, it
begins to be common ; but about the Baikal it is most abundant,
and extends through the deserts of the Mongols to China and
Thibet; at the Lena it becomes more rare, and beyond that it is
much dwarfer, with more slender flowers and narrower leaves.
Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 47. t. 32. Andr. hot. rep. t. 4. Curt. bot.
mag. t. 636. Lodd. bot. cab. 605. — Amm. ruth. 181. t. 21.
Roots knobbed, bound by fibres. Stems twisted and knobbed
in the wild state. Petioles downy. Leaves dotted on both sur-
faces, but ferruginous beneath ; before the fall in autumn they
become of a dusky red colour. The flowers rise before the leaves
from the tops of the branches, from buds which are composed
of concave downy scales. Corollas purple.
Far. /J, atrovirens (Ker. bot. reg. t. 194.) evergreen ; leaves
deep green and shining above. T? . H. Native of Siberia.
Sims, bot. mag. 1888.
Daurian Rhododendron. Fl. March, Dec. Clt. 1780. Shrub
2 to 6 feet.
Sect. V. Chamascistus (from chamai, on the ground ;
and cistus, the rock-rose : plants with the habit of species of
Helianthemum. Limb of calyx foliaceous, 5-cleft. Corolla
rotate. Stamens 10. Ovarium 5-celled. — Leaves small, mem-
branous, evergreen.
25 R. Camtscha'ticum (Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 48. t. 33.) leaves
obovate, acutish, 5-nerved, naked, ciliated ; peduncles hairy,
usually twin ; calycine segments ciliated, foliaceous. 1? . H.
Native of Kamtschatka and the Aleutian Islands, in muddy
places on the mountains. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 126. no. 13. Corollas
purple, rotate. A prostrate shrub.
Kamtschatka Rhododendron. Fl. July. Clt. 1802. Shrub
prostrate.
26 R. CHAM,EcisTus (Lin. spec. 562.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, attenuated at both ends, stiffish, glandularly ciliated ; pe-
duncles usually twin, and are as well as the calyxes beset with
glandular hairs. T? . H. Native of the Alps of Europe; as
of Austria, Carniola, Mount Baldo, and near Salzburgh ; and
in Eastern Siberia. Jacq. fl. austr. 3. t. 217. Curt. bot. mag.
t. 488. Lodd. bot. cab. 1491. — -Mich. gen. 225. t. 106. — Pluk.
phyt. t. 23. f. 4. Corollas rotate, pale purple. A dwarf tufted
shrub, with small leaves, about the size of those of a species of
Helianthemum.
Ground-Cistus Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1786.
Shrub foot.
Sect. VI. Tsutsu'tsi (the Chinese name of the first species).
Limb of calyx foliaceous, 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate. Stamens
5-10. Ovarium 5-celled. — Leaves membranous, evergreen,
hispid from pili.
27 R. I'ndicum (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 128.) branches strigose;
leaves cuneate-lanceolate, finely crenulated, strigose, attenuated
at both ends ; calycine teeth long-lanceolate, obtuse, ciliated,
spreading ; flowers terminal, solitary or twin, decandrous.
>2 . S. Native of China. Much cultivated in Japan for the
sake of its elegant flowers. Azalea I'ndica, Lin. spec. 214.
Thunb. jap. 84. Sims, bot. mag. 1480. Lodd. bot. cab. 275. —
Herm. lugdb. 152. t. 153. Tsut-sut-si, Koempf. amoen. 845.
t. 146. Flowers showy, scarlet or red.
Far. /3, pulchrum (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 117.) calyx very
hairy, with subulate segments ; leaves elliptic, acute ; flowers
decandrous, terminal, 2-3 together. I? . G. A hybrid between
R. ledifolium , impregnated by the pollen of R. I'ndicum. R.
I'ndicum, var. y, Smithii, Sweet, hort. brit. 2. p. 343. Co-
rollas large, of a deep rosy purple, spotted with deep red
inside.
Far. y, ignescens (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 128.). The four
lower segments of the corolla flame-coloured, and the superior
one lilac, and obsoletely dotted. . S. Native of China.
846
ERICACE/E. XLIII. Rhododendron.
Far. 2, aurantiacum ; flowers of orange-red colour. . G.
Native of China.
Far. t, luteum (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, yellow.
Far. 'C, variegalum (Blum. bijdr. 851.) leaves obovate, covered
with white strigose bristles ; flowers rose-coloured, variegated
with white. Tj . G. Native of China.
Far. ri, spatulidum (Blum, bijdr. 852.) leaves spatulate, mucro-
nate, beset with rusty strigae ; flowers rose-coloured. . G.
Native of China and Japan.
Far. S’, grand'florum (Blum, bijdr. 853.) leaves oblong-spatu-
late, mucronate, beset with white bristles or strigae ; flowers
large, solitary, deep rose-coloured, T? . G. Native of China
and Japan.
Far. t, angustifblium (Blum. 1. c.) leaves narrow-lanceolate.
Far. k, Jloribundum (Blum. 1. c.) leaves narrow, cuneate-lan-
ceolate, beset with rusty strigae ; stem much branched. Ij . G.
Native of China and Japan.
Indian Rhododendron. FI. March, May. Clt. 1808. Shrub
3 to 6 feet.
28 R. sca'brum; leaves ovate, mucronulate, acute at the
base, ribbed beneath, beset with adpressed bristles, as well
as the branchlets and peduncles ; flowers decandrous ; filaments
papillose ; anthers corniculate at the base ; stigma dilated.
. G. Native of Japan, in woods on mountains. R. maximum,
Thunb. fl. jap. p. 181. Flowers deep rose-coloured, campanu-
late, usually twin. Lobes of corolla oblong, obtuse, twice longer
than the tube. Stamens exserted. Calycine segments oval,
obtuse, ciliated. Leaves 1^ to 3 inches long, coriaceous. Corolla
3 inches in diameter.
Scabrous Rhododendron. Shrub.
29 R. macra'nthum ; leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, obovate
or lanceolate, mucronulate, shining, clothed with adpressed bris-
tles ; flowers pentandrous ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute,
deeply toothed, bristly ; filaments glabrous. . G. Native of
Japan. Azalea macranthum, Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2.
p. 115. R nitens, D. Don, mss. Stems several, rising from
the root-stock, 2-4 feet long, procumbent, naked. Branches
fascicled, leafy at the tips, beset with adpressed silvery bristles,
which change to brown, as well as the calyxes. Flowers soli-
tary or in pairs, nearly sessile, involucrated by bracteas. Co-
rollas large, of a brilliant salmon-colour, glabrous outside ;
the limb spreading with oblong blunt lobes ; the upper lobes
marked with deeper coloured spots. There is a variety of this
species, having the flowers pale pink and striped.
Large-Jlorvered Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1833.
Shrub procumbent, 2 to 3 feet.
30 R. reticula'tum (D. Don, mss.) leaves broadly ovate,
acute, rather coriaceous, sparingly hairy, glaucous and reticu-
lately veined beneath. J? . G. Native of Japan, on the moun-
tains, and has been lately introduced by Mr. Knight, of King’s
Road, Chelsea. Stems erect, a foot or 2 feet high, stiff. Leaves
stiff, I \ inch long, rounded at the base, bright green and shining
above, beset with a few adpressed bristles as well as the young
shoots. Flowers not seen.
Reticulated-leaved. Rhododendron. Fl. ? Clt. 1834. Shrub.
31 R. Farre'r;e (Tate, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 95.)
branches stiff, villous while young, but glabrous in the adult
state ; leaves stiff, coriaceous, ovate, obtuse, ending in a short
cartilaginous mucrone, attenuated at the base, nerved and reticu-
lately veined, hairy on both surfaces, with somewhat recurved
ciliated edges ; petioles ciliated at the base ; flowers terminal,
solitary, fj . G. Native of China, from whence it was brought
by Capt. Farrer. Calyx pilose, 5-lobed. Corolla spreading,
with undulated segments, lilac or pale purple-red. A dwarf
deciduous shrub. Flowers decandrous.
Farrer' s Rhododendron. Fl. March. Clt. 1829. Shrub.
32 R. phceniceum ; hairy; leaves oblong-obovate, tapering
into the petioles at the base ; flowers collected at the tops of the
branches, large, decandrous ; stamens short ; calyx erect, glan-
dular, and viscid, fj . S. Native of China. Azalea Fndica,
var. phcenicea, Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 128. Azalea Fndica y,
Hook. hot. mag. 2667. Azalea ledifolia /3, phcenicea, Hook,
bot. mag. 3239. Flowers purple, having the upper segments
spotted.
Far. /3, Jlore plena (Hook. bot. mag. 2509.) flowers double,
purple. Lodd. bot. cab. 1461.
Purple Rhododendron. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to
10 feet.
33 R. ledifolium; the whole shrub is hairy; leaves-elliptic-
lanceolate, opaque ; flowers by threes at the extremity of the
branches, decandrous; calyx erect, glandular and viscid ; sta-
mens unequal. Jj . G. Native of China, about Pekin. Azalea
ledifolia, Hook. bot. mag. 2901. Azalea Fndica, var. alba,
Lindl. bot. reg. t. 811. Lodd. bot. cab. 1253. Rhod. leucan-
thum, Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 115. Flowers showy,
pure white.
Ledum-leaved Rhododendron. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1819.
Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
34 R. mucrona'tum ; much branched ; branches pilose ;
leaves cuneate-oblong, mucronate, clothed with clammy hairs ;
flowers in fascicles ; calycine segments long-acuminated, pilose ;
flowers octandrous and decandrous. . G. Native of China.
Flowers white. Azalea mucron&ta, Blum, bijdr. p. 853. —
Perhaps the same as R. ledifolium.
Mucronate- leaved Rhododendron. Shrub.
35 R. Burma'nni ; leaves linear-lanceolate, long-acuminated,
with recurved margins, clothed with silky villi on both surfaces.
. G. Native of Japan. Azalea rosmarinifolia, Burm. ex
Blum, bijdr. p. 853. but not of Roth. Flowers pentandrous.
Burmann’s Rhododendron. Shrub.
36 R. mollis ; branchlets pilose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, narrowed at the base, ciliated, very soft beneath ; flowers
in fascicles ; calyx very short ; tube clothed with silky tomen-
tum ; flowers pentandrous. ? Tj . G. Native of China. Azalea
mollis, Blum, bijdr. p. 853.
Soft Rhododendron. Shrub.
37 R. Loureiria'na ; leaves lanceolate, quite entire, rugose
about the edges, smooth ; corolla white, dotted with red, as
also the calyx, anthers, and germs. ^ . G. Native of Cochin-
china. Azalea punctata, Lour. coch. p. 113. Flowers disposed
in terminal heaps.
Loureiro's Rhododendron. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
38 R. decu'mbens (D. Don, mss.) stems decumbent; leaves
ovate, acute ; flowers pentandrous ; segments of the calyx ovate,
acute, ciliated. J? . G. Native of China, from whence it has
been lately introduced by Knight and Tate- Flowers crimson.
Decumbent Rhododendron. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1833.
Shrub decumbent.
39 R. Sine'nse (Sweet, fl. gard. 290.) leaves slowly deci-
duous, elliptic, acutish, pilosely pubescent, feather-nerved, with
ciliated margins, canescent beneath ; corollas downy ; stamens
equal in length to the limb of the corolla. J7 . G. Native of
China. Azalea Sinensis, Lodd. bot. cab. 885. Flowers flame-
coloured, pentandrous.
Far. j3, jlavescens (Sweet, fl. gard. 290.) flowers yellow.
Chinese Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
Sect. VII. Pentanthe'ra (from 7 rerre, pente, five; and
avSripa, anthera, an anther ; flowers pentandrous). Limb of
calyx short, 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens 5.
Ovarium 5-celled. Leaves deciduous.
ERICACEAE. XLIII. Rhododendron.
817
40 R. fla'vum ; flowers leafy, clammy ; leaves ovate, oblong,
pilose, ciliated ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens very long. Tj . H.
Native of the Levant, at Pontus; Caucasus, Turkey, &c. Azalea
Pontica, Lin. spec. 1669. Curt. hot. mag. t. 433. Azalea ar-
bdrea, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 150. — Buxb. cent. 5. p. 36. t. 69.
Flowers fine yellow. Leaves shining. There are a great num-
ber of varieties of this species in the gardens, differing princi-
pally in the colour of the flowers, and the hue of the leaves.
The flowers are of all shades, from yellow to copper or orange-
colour. They are sometimes white, (see Sims, hot. mag. 2383.),
and are sometimes striped with yellow and red.
FeWoro-flowered Rhododendron. FI. May, June. Clt. 1793.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
41 R. nudiflorum (Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 140.) leaves lanceo-
late-oblong, nearly smooth and green on both surfaces, ciliated
on the margins, having the mid-rib bristly beneath, and woolly
above; flowers rather naked, not clammy; tube of corolla
longer than the divisions ; teeth of calyx short, rather rounded ;
stamens much exserted. Fj . H. Native from Canada to
Georgia, on the sides of hills. Azalea nudiflora, Lin. spec. 214.
Azalea periclymenoides, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 151. This
beautiful shrub has a great many varieties, besides those men-
tioned below, for which see Loud. hort. brit. p. 66. and supple-
ment, among which is one with double flowers. Flowers scar-
let, pink, white, striped, variegated, red, purple, &c., disposed
in terminal clustered racemes, appearing before the leaves. The
variety r? proves clearly that Azalea and Rhododendron are not
generically distinct.
Var. a, coccineum (Sims, bot. mag. 180.) flowers scarlet ;
leaves lanceolate. I? . H. Native of Georgia, near Savannah.
Var. ft, rutilans (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 152.) flowers
deep red ; calyxes minute. Fj . H. Ait. hort. kew. p. 319.
Var. y, carneum (Pursh, 1. c.) corollas pale red, having the tube
red at the base ; calyx foliaceous. b . H. Ait. 1. c. Ker. bot.
reg. 120.
Var. S, album (Pursh, 1. c.) flowers white ; calyx middle-
sized. Fj . H. Ait. 1. c.
Var. e, papilionaceum (Pursh, 1. c.) flowers reddish, with the
lower segment white ; calyx foliaceous. Fj . H. Ait. 1. c.
Var. f, partitum (Pursh, 1. c.) flowers pale red, 5-parted even
to the base, F? • H. Ait. 1. c.
Var. i /, polyandrum (Pursh, 1. c.) flowers rose-coloured,
short; stamens 10-20. F? . H. Native near Philadelphia.
Var. d, Govenianum ; branches tomentosely downy ; leaves
evergreen or deciduous, oblong, acute, downy while young, but
glabrous in the adult state, and recurved at the apex ; tube of
corolla a little shorter than the segments. Fj . H. A hybrid,
raised from the seed of R. nudijlorum, impregnated by the pollen
of a hybrid raised between R. Ponticum and R. C atanibiense.
Flowers delicate light purple, disposed in terminal racemose
corymbs. R. Govenianum, Sweet, fl. gard. 3. t. 263.
Var. t, rubrum (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 51.) flowers red. Fj . H.
Naked-flowered Rhododendron. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1734.
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
42 R. viscdsuM (Torr. 1. c.) leaves oblong-obovate, acute,
smooth and green on both surfaces, ciliated on the margins,
having the mid-rib bristly; flowers clammy, leafy, hairy ; tube of
corolla as long as the segments ; teeth of the calyx short,
rounded; stamens hardly longer than the corolla. Fj . H. Na-
tive from Canada to Georgia, in swamps and shady woods.
Azalea viscosa, Lin. spec. 214. — Pluk. aim. 106. t. 161. f. 4.
Catesb. car. 1. t. 57. Flowers white, sweet-scented, in terminal
clusters, downy. There are a great number of varieties of this
species, (see Loud. hort. brit. p. 66.), varying in the colour of the
flowers, and otherwise. The flowers are white and red, and
variegated with these colours. There is a downy variety with
red flowers figured in Lodd. bot. cab. t. 441.
Var. /3, ornatum (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 137.). A hybrid raised
from the seed of R. viscbsum ft rubescens, fertilized by the pollen
of R. Ponticum.
Clammy-R owered Rhododendron. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1734.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
43 R. calenduea'ceum (Torr. 1. c.) leaves oblong, pubes-
cent on both surfaces, at length hairy ; flowers large, not
clammy, rather naked ; teeth of calyx oblong ; tube of corolla
hairy, shorter than the segments. bc . H. Native from Penn-
sylvania to Carolina. Azalea calendulacea, Michx. fl. bor. amer.
1. p. 156. Lodd. bot. cab. 1394. A. nudiflora, var. coccinea,
Ait. hort. kew. 319. Flowers yellow, red, orange-coloured,
and copper-coloured. Sims, bot. mag. 172. Lodd. bot. cab.
1394. or flame-coloured. Ker. bot. reg. 145. Said to be
the handsomest shrub in North America. There are a great
many varieties of it, varying in the colour of the flowers. See
Loud. hort. brit. p. 66.
Var. ft, Morterii (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 10.) A hybrid be-
tween R. calenduldceum and one of the red varieties of R. nudi-
Jlbrum. There are also two kinds of this ; one with a flesh-
coloured corolla, having the upper segment orange-coloured,
edged with flesh-colour, called R. Morterii cdrnea ; and another
called Morterii, var. prce' stans, with pale copper-coloured flowers,
tinged with blush.
Mary gold Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. Shrub
2 to 6 feet.
44 R. arbore'scens (Torr. 1. c.) leaves obovate, rather ob-
tuse, smooth on both surfaces, glaucous beneath, ciliated on the
margins, having the mid-rib almost smooth ; flowers not clammy,
leafy ; tube of corolla longer than the segments ; calyx leafy,
with the segments oblong and acute ; filaments exserted. F? .
H. Native of Pennsylvania, on the sides of rivulets near the
Blue Mountains. Azalea arborescens, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 153. Flowers large, reddish ; leaves of flower-buds large,
yellowish brown, surrounded with a fringed white border.
Arborescent Rhododendron. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818.
Tree 10 to 20 feet.
45 R. nitidum (Torr. 1. c.) branches smoothish; leaves ob-
lanceolate, rather mucronate, coriaceous, smooih on both sur-
faces, shining above, having the nerve bristly beneath, with revo-
lute ciliated margins ; flowers clammy, leafy ; tube of corolla a
little longer than the segments ; calyx very short ; filaments
exserted. F? . H. Native from New York to Virginia, in deep
mossy swamps on the mountains. Azalea nitida, Pursh, fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 153. Ker. bot. reg. 414. Flowers white,
tinged with red. Leaves dark green, shining, smaller than any
other species of the present section.
(S'Ainmg-leaved Rhododendron. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
46 R. mspiDUM (Torr. 1. c.) branches straight, very hispid ;
leaves long-lanceolate, hispid above, and smooth beneath, glau-
cous on both surfaces, ciliated on the margins, having the nerve
bristly beneath ; flowers very clammy, leafy ; tube of corolla
wide, scarcely longer than the segments ; teeth of calyx oblong,
rounded ; filaments exserted. Tj . H. Native of New York
and Pennsylvania, on the borders of lakes on the highest part of
the Blue Mountains. Azalea luspida, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1.
p. 154. Wats, dendr. brit. 6. Azalea viscosa, var. glauca, Ait.
hort. kew. 1. p. 319. ? Flowers white, with a red border, and
a tinge of red on the tube, which makes them appear to be of a
rose-colour before expansion. Stamens sometimes 10. This
species may be distinguished from the rest of the present section
by its bluish appearance.
Hispid Rhododendron. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1734. Shrub
10 to 15 feet.
47 R. bicoeor ; leaves oblong, clothed on both surfaces wdtli
fine hoary pubescence, not bristly on the nerve ; flowers small,
848
ERICACEAE. XLIII. Rhododendron. XLIV. Vireya.
not clammy, naked ; tube of corolla hardly longer than the seg-
ments ; calyxes very short : having one of the segments linear,
and 4 times longer than the rest; filaments exserted ; branchlets
hispid. F? . H. Native of Carolina and Georgia, on barren
sandy hills. Azalea bicolor, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 153.
Azalea nudiflora, var. bicolor, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 319. — Trew.
ehret. t. 48. Flowers slender and smaller than the rest, of a
pale rose-colour, or nearly white, with a deep red-coloured
tube.
Two-coloured-^ owered Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1734. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
48 R. glau'cum ; branchlets hispid ; leaves oblanceolate,
acute, glabrous on both surfaces, glaucous beneath, ciliated on
the margins, having the mid-rib bristly ; flowers very clammy,
leafy ; tube of corolla twice longer than the segments ; calyx
very short ; filaments about equal in length to the segments of
the corolla. F? . H. Native from New England to Virginia, in
swamps of a clayey soil. Azalea glauca, Pursh, fl. amer. sept.
1. p. 154. Lam. ill. p. 493. Wats, dendr. brit. 5. Azalea vis-
cosa, var. floribunda, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 319. Flowers white,
very fragrant. The shrub is dwarfer than other species of the
present section, and flowers in great abundance. Nuttall con-
siders this as only a variety of A. viscosa, differing in nothing
but in the under sides of the leaves being glaucous.
GlaucousAeaved Rhododendron. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1734.
Shrub 2 feet.
49 R. cane'scens ; leaves obovate-oblong, downy above, and
tomentose beneath, not bristly on the middle nerve ; flowers not
clammy, nearly naked ; tube of corolla hardly shorter than the
segments ; teeth of calyx very short, rounded, obtuse ; stamens
hardly exserted. T? . H. Native of Lower Carolina, on the
banks of rivers ; and of Virginia, on the mountains of the Caca-
poon Springs, near Winchester. Azalea canescens, Michx. fl.
bor. amer. 1. p. 150. Wats, dendr. brit. 116. Flowers rose-
coloured.
Canescent Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
50 R. speciosum ; branches hairy ; leaves lanceolate, ciliated,
acute at both ends ; calyx pubescent ; corolla silky, with obtuse,
ciliated, lanceolate, undulated segments ; stamens exserted. Fj .
H. Native of North America. Azalea speciosa, Willd. enum.
p. 10. Lodd. bot. cab. 624. Wats, dendr. brit. 116. A coc-
cfnea, Lodd. Flowers scarlet and orange-coloured. There are
several varieties of this species, varying in the shape of the
leaves and the colour of the flowers ; see Loud. hort. brit. p.
66. Lodd. bot. cab. 1255.
Showy Rhododendron. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 3 to
4 feet.
Sect. VIII. Rhodora (from poSor, rhodon, a rose ; colour of
flowers). Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla bilabiate ; upper
lip broadest, and 2- 3 -cleft ; lower one bidentate. Stamens 10.
Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. — Leaves deciduous. Habit of last
section.
51 R. Rhodora ; leaves oval, quite entire, pubescent and
glaucous beneath ; flowers in terminal clusters, or racemose um-
bels. Ij . H. Native of Canada, Newfoundland, and on the
mountains of New York and Pennsylvania, in bogs. Rhodora
Canadensis, Lin. spec. 561. Lher. stirp. nov. 1. p. 141. t. 68.
Lam. ill. t. 364. Curt. bot. mag. 474. Flowers pale purple,
rising before the leaves.
i?ed-flowered Rhododendron. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1767.
Shrub 2 feet.
Cult. Of all the genera in existence, Rhododendron comprises
the most handsome, elegant, and showy shrubs, well fitted for
adorning shrubberies, or to be grown singly on lawns. All the
species grow best in peat soil, or very sandy loam, or vegetable
mould : they are either increased by layers or by seeds. When
raised in the latter way, the seeds must be sown early in the
spring, in flat pans or pots, filled with peat earth, and covered very
slightly ; the pots or pans should then be set in a close frame,
or at the front of a hot-house, till the plants come up, watering
them very slightly when dry ; and as soon as the seedlings have
grown high enough to be laid hold of, they should be planted
out into other pans or pots, filled with the same kind of mould ;
after which they may stand in a close frame for a few days, until
they have struck fresh roots, and afterwards hardened to the air
by degrees. The smaller kinds of Rhododendron may be propa-
gated freely by cuttings, taken off from young wood, and planted
in sand, placing a bell-glass over them. There are now in the
gardens a great many hybrid kinds of Rhododendron, and are
still increasing in number ; some of which outvie the species in
splendour. The species natives of Nipaul, China, and Japan,
in mild winters, would probably succeed in the open air, but
they will not survive a severe winter without protection ; they
are therefore best kept in pots, and placed among other green-
house or frame plants. R. arboreum and R. album are among the
most showy of the species, and are well adapted for conserva-
tories, or to be placed in large tubs in the greenhouse. Young
cuttings of the tender kinds, if torn off close to the stem, and
planted in a pot of sand, will strike root readily ; the pot should
be plunged in heat under a hand-glass.
XLIV. VIRE'YA (named by Blume after M.Virey, a French
physician). Blum, bijdr. p. 854.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Alonogynia. Calyx small, obsoletely
5-toothed. Corolla subcampanulate, or funnel-shaped, regular,
5-lobed, adnate to the disk of the calyx. Stamens 10, inserted
in the calycine disk; alternate filaments the shortest; anthers
oblong, bursting inwardly, naked, dehiscing by two pores at the
apex. Style filiform ; stigma capitate, 5-furrowed. Capsule
silique-formed, 5-angled, 5-celled. Placenta 5-lobed. Seeds
numerous, expanded into a bristle-formed awn at both ends. —
This genus differs from Rhododendron in the calyx being small,
and in the stamens not being attached to the corolla in any
way. — Mostly parasitical shrubs. Leaves scattered and verti-
cillate, quite entire, coriaceous, covered with scaly dots beneath.
Flowers disposed in terminal fascicles.
* Corollas subcampanulate.
1 V. Java’nica (Blum, bijdr. 854.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
clothed with fine rusty dots beneath ; flowers showy, deep
orange. F? . G. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak,
where it is called by the natives Gaga Alirha.
Var. /3 ; flowers citron-coloured, smaller.
Java Vireya. Fl. Year. Shrub.
2 V. a'lba (Blum, bijdr. 855.) leaves lanceolate, densely
clothed with rusty scales beneath : flowers white, middle-sized.
Fj . G. Native of Java, on Mount Salak, parasitical upon trees.
Rhododendron album, Blum. cat. hort. buitenz. p. 72.
White- flowered Vireya. Fl. Year. Shrub.
* * Corollas funnel-shaped.
3 V. tubiflora (Blum, bijdr. p. 855.) leaves lanceolate,
densely clothed with rusty dot-like scales beneath ; flowers
scarlet. F? . G. Native of Java, on the higher mountains.
Tube-flowered Vireya. Fl. Year. Shrub.
4 V. Cele'bica (Blum. 1. c.) leaves broad, lanceolate, clothed
with rusty dot-like scales beneath ; flowers scarlet. *2 . G.
Native of the Celebes, in mountain woods.
Celebes Vireya. Fl. Year. Shrub.
5 V. retu'sa (Blum, bijdr. p. 856.) leaves spatulate, retuse,
with recurved margins, beset with rusty dots beneath ; branches
ERICACEAE. XLV. Bejaria. XLVI. Hymenanthes.
849
rough ; flowers scarlet. Tj . G. Native of the west of Java, on
high mountains.
-Refase-leaved Vireya. FI. Year. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Agarista, p. 838.
XLV. BEJA'RIA (so named by Mutis after a Spanish bota-
nist of the name of Bejar). Mutis, amer. 1. t. 8. Lin. gen.
Reich, no. 648. Juss. gen. 159. — Befaria, Humb. et Bonpl. pi.
aequin. 2. p. 118. t. 117. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 290. — Acunna,
Ruiz et Pav.
Lin. syst. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 7-cleft.
Corolla so deeply 7-cleft as to appear of 7 petals, spreading.
Stamens 14, hypogynous ; anthers obverse or pendulous, awn-
less. Ovarium free, 7-furrowed. Style elongated ; stigma de-
pressedly capitate, 7-furrowed. Capsule depressedly globose,
girded by the permanent calyx, and terminated by the style, 7-
celled, 7-valved, with a septicidal dehiscence; cells many-seeded.
— Elegant alpine shrubs ; with scattered, crowded, quite entire,
coriaceous leaves ; racemose or corymbose, bracteate flowers.
Corollas usually purple.
1 B. resinosa (Mutis, amer. 1. t. 8. Lin. syst. 443. suppl.
246.) branchlets downy ; leaves ovate, smooth ; corymbs ter-
minal, simple ; pedicels downy ; corollas resinous and viscid ;
filaments downy near the base. 1? . G. Native of New Gra-
nada. Branches proliferous. Leaves an inch long. Corollas
purple.
Resinous- flowered Bejaria. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
2 B. racemosa (Vent. cels. p. 51. t. 51.) branchlets smooth
or hispid ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers disposed
in racemose terminal panicles. 1? . G. Native of Georgia and
Florida, in sandy places. B. paniculata, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1.
p. 280. t. 26. Corollas purple.
Racemose-A owered Bejaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub
3 to 5 feet.
3 B. glau'ca (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 2. p. 118. t. 177.)
glabrous ; leaves oblong, obtuse, glaucous beneath ; racemes
terminal and axillary ; pedicels somewhat fastigiate. Jj . G.
Native of South America, in the alpine region of the province of
Venezuela, near the top of Silla de Caraccas. Shrub much
branched ; branchlets angular. Corolla flesh-coloured, glabrous :
filaments glabrous.
Glaucous-\ex\eA Bejaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Shrub
3 to 6 feet.
4 B. coarcta'ta (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 125. t.
121.) branchlets clothed with pubescent tomentum ; leaves ob-
long, glabrous, glaucous beneath ; corymbs terminal, simple ;
peduncles, pedicels, rachi, and calyxes clothed with rusty to-
mentum. 1? . G. Native of Peru, in cold places near the city
of Caxamarca. Shrub much branched. F'lowers purple. Fila-
ments glabrous, but dilated and pubescent at the base.
Coarctate-corymbeA Bejaria. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
5 B. grandiflo'ra (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 122. t.
119.) leaves ovate, glabrous above, but clothed with rusty to-
mentum beneath, as well as the pedicels, peduncles, rachi,
calyxes, and branchlets ; corymbs terminal, branched a little,
many-flowered. I? . G. Native of the province of Quito, in
cold places between Loxa and Ona, in Paramo de Saraguru ; and
near Alto de Pulla, and Vinajacu. Shrub much branched ;
branches subverticillate. Corollas purple, about the size of
those of Dictdmnus albus. Filaments glabrous, but dilated and
ciliated at the base.
Great-flowered Bejaria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
6 B. je'stuans (Mutis, in Lin. fil. suppl. 247. mant. 242.
Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 120. t. 118.) leaves elliptic,
rather glabrous above, but downy and glaucous beneath, while
young clothed with rusty tomentum, and ciliated with glands ;
VOL. III.
corymbs terminal, simple ; peduncles, pedicels, rachi, calyxes,
and branchlets clothed with clammy glandular hairs. Tj . G.
Native of New Granada, near Gonzanama. Much branched ;
branchlets subverticillate. Flowers smaller than those of the
preceding, purple. Filaments villous at the base.
Heating Bejaria. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
7 B. ledifolia (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 124. t.
120.) leaves oblong, somewhat mucronate, with revolute edges,
glaucous beneath, beset with glandular hairs on both surfaces
along the middle nerve ; racemes terminal; peduncles, pedicels,
rachi, branchlets, and calyxes clothed with clammy glandular
hairs. Tj . G. Native of South America, on the top of Silla
de Caraccas. Shrub much branched ; branches purplish. Flowers
about the size of those of B. glauca, purple.
Ledum-leaved Bejaria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
8 B. Caxamarce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
294.) branchlets pilose ; leaves oblong, glabrous above, pubes-
cently hairy and glaucous beneath ; corymbs terminal, simple ;
peduncles, pedicels, and rachi, clothed with rusty pilose tomen-
tum ; calyxes hairy. Tj . G. Native of Peru, on the Andes,
about Caxamarca. A much-branched shrub. Flowers size of
those of the preceding, purple ; petals narrow.
Caxamarca Bejaria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
9 B. lanceola'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 1513. fi b.)
branches and racemes hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; corymbs
simple, racemose ; pedicels short. Ij . G. Native of Peru, on
the high hills of Rodos Pillao and Huassa-Huassi, where it is
called Rosa-Rosa, or Rosa Huaytta. Acunna lanceolata, Ruiz
et Pav. syst. p. 124. Flowers purple or rose-coloured.
Lanceolate- leaved Bejaria. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 4 to 6
feet.
10 B. oblonga (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 1513. f. a.) leaves
oblong, with revolute margins; flowers corymbose; pedicels
long. 1? • G. Native of Peru, in the province of Tarma, at
Churupallana ; and of Panatahua, at Acomaya and Macora,
where it is called Rosa-Rosa, from the copious rose-coloured
flowers. Acunna oblonga, Ruiz et Pav. syst. p. 123. Flowers
purple or rose-coloured. Branches, petioles, and corymbs downy.
Corymbs compound.
Oblong- leaved Bejaria. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Agarista, p. 838.
Extremely elegant plants, with the habit of some species of
Rhododendron, and are therefore well worth the cultivator’s
care.
XLVI. HYMENA'NTHES (from vyr)v, hymen, a mem-
brane; and avdoQ, anlhos, a flower; in reference to the thin
corollas). Blum, bijdr. 862.
Lin. syst. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, obsoletely
denticulated. Corolla campanulate, with a short compressed
tube, and a 7-parted limb ; segments of the limb imbricated.
Stamens 14, hypogynous: alternate ones shortest. Anthers
fixed by the back, mutic, opening by 2 pores at the apex.
Ovarium free, girded by a nectariferous tumid margin at the
base. Style long ; stigma obtuse, 7-crenated. Capsule oblong,
7-celled, 7-valved, many-seeded. — Nearly allied to Bejaria, but
differs from it in the small calyx and monopetalous corolla.
1 H. J aponica (Blum. 1. c.) shrub a little branched ; leaves sub-
verticillate, 3 to 4 in a whorl, petiolate, oblong, acutish, nar-
rowed at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulated
above, veinless and yellowish beneath ; flowers disposed in
dense, terminal, bracteate spikes. . G. Native of Japan,
from whence it was received by Blume under the name of Rho-
dodendron maximum.
Japan Hymenanthes. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Agarista, p. 838.
5 Q
850
ERICACEiE. XLVII. Kalmia. XLVIII. Menziesia. XLIX. Azalea.
XLVII. KA LMIA (named by Linnaeus in honour of Peter
Kalm, professor at Abo, in Sweden ; author of Travels in America.
1753). Lin. gen. no. 545. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 305. t. 63,
Juss. gen. 158. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 267.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla
salver-shaped; under side of limb producing 10 cornute pro-
tuberances, and as many cavities on the upper side, in which the
anthers lie, or are concealed. Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded ;
dissepiments marginal. — Evergreen shrubs, with alternate or
ternately verticillate leaves. Flowers disposed in terminal, race-
mose, compound corymbs ; but in one species the flowers are
solitary and axillary. Pedicels long, 1 -flowered, tribracteate at
the base ; external bractea originating from the rachis. Buds
naked. Anthers opening by two oblique truncate pores. — This
genus is considered poisonous, and is often fatal to cattle.
1 K. latifolia (Lin. spec. 560.) leaves on long petioles,
scattered, or 3 in a whorl, oval, coriaceous, smooth and green on
both surfaces ; corymbs terminal, downy, and viscid. 1? . H.
Native from Canada to Carolina, on the sides of stony hills.
Curt. bot. mag. 175. Bigel. med. bot. p. 133. Wangh. amer. t.
25. f. 50. — Catesb. car. 2. t. 98. — Trew. ehrh. t. 38. f. 1. — Pluk.
mant. t. 379. f. 6. A very elegant shrub when in flower : in
America it is called Laurel, and on the mountains Calico-bush.
Flowers red. It is not improbable that the deleterious honey
in Philadelphia might have been collected by the bees from the
flowers of the Calico-bush, which in some places pervades, in
rocky woods and depressed summits of mountains, almost in a
similar manner with Calluna vulgaris of Europe.
Broad-leaved Kalmia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1734. Shrub 3
to 10 feet.
2 K. angustifolia (Lin. spec. 561.) leaves petiolate, scat-
tered, or 3 in a whorl, oblong, obtuse, rather rusty beneath ;
corymbs lateral ; bracteas linear ; peduncles and calyxes clothed
with glandular pubescence. *2 • H. Native from Canada to
Carolina, in bogs, swamps, and sometimes in dry mountain lands.
Curt. bot. mag. 331. Lodd. bot. cab. 502. — Catesb. car. 3. 1. 17.
f. 1. — Trew. ehrh. t. 38. f. 2. Flowers dark red. The shrub
is known by the name of Sheep Laurel in North America, being
considered very poisonous when fed upon by sheep. There are
several varieties of this species besides the one mentioned, dif-
fering in the size of parts, and in the deeper and lighter shade of
the corolla. See Loud. hort. brit. p. 171.
Var. /3, ovata (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 296.) leaves
broader; stem taller. Tj . H. Native of New Jersey, on the
mountains.
Narrow-leaved Kalmia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1736. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
3 K. glau'ca (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. p. 64.) branchlets
2-edged or triquetrous ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ob-
long, smooth, glaucous beneath, with revolute edges ; corymbs
terminal, compound, bracteate ; pedicels and calyxes glabrous.
Tj . H. Native of bogs in Canada ; and on the borders of moun-
tain lakes of New York and Pennsylvania ; and of the Island of
Sitcha. Curt. bot. mag. 177. Lam. ill. t. 363. Lher. stirp.
nov. 2. t. 9. Lodd. bot. cab. 1508. K, polifolia, Wangh. act.
soc. berol. 8. p. 129. t. 5. A very handsome upright small
shrub, with pale red flowers. According to Nuttall, the flowers
are disposed in terminal compound corymbs, each corymb com-
posed of 3 racemose corymbulets ; and the pedicels and calyxes
are said by him to be clothed with powdery viscid pubescence.
Var. (5, rosmarinifolia (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 296.)
leaves linear, more revolute on the margins, and having the
under surface green. Tj . H. Mr. Pursh discovered this
variety in a bog near Albany, and is inclined to think it a dis-
tinct species.
Glaucous-leaved Kalmia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1767. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
4 K. cunea'ta (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 257.) leaves scat-
tered, sessile, cuneate-oblong, glandularly pubescent beneath,
minutely awned at the apex ; corymbs lateral, few-flowered.
. H. Native of Carolina, on the mountains. Branches
twiggy. Leaves deciduous. Flowers white, red at the bottom,
disposed in sessile, lateral, fastigiate clusters.
Cuneate- leaved Kalmia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
5 K. hirsu'ta (Walt. fl. carol. 138. Michx. fl. amer. bor. I.
p. 257. Curt. bot. mag. 138.) branches, leaves, and calyxes very
hairy ; leaves opposite and alternate, almost sessile, elliptic ;
peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves.
*2 • H. Native of South Carolina and Georgia, in barren pine-
woods. K. ciliata, Bartr. itin. 18. A beautiful little shrub,
but difficult to cultivate. Leaves small, like thyme. Flowers
large, red.
Hairy Kalmia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1786. Shrub 2 to 3
feet.
Cult. Handsome shrubs when in blossom. They grow best
in peat soil, and are increased either by layers or by seeds.
When raised by seeds, they are reared and otherwise treated
in the manner recommended for Rhododendron , which see,
p. 848.
XLVIII. MENZIE'SIA (named in honour of Archibald Men-
zies, F.L.S. &c. surgeon and naturalist to the expedition under
Vancouver, in which voyage he collected many specimens of
plants on the north-west coast of America, New Holland, Van
Diemen’s Land, &c.). Smith, icon. ined. 56. Nutt. gen. amer.
1. p. 251. D. Don, in edinb. phi] . journ. 17. p. 160.
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla
tubular or globose : limb very short, 4-lobed, revolute. Sta-
mens 8, inclosed ; filaments subulate, glabrous ; cells of anthers
parallel, connate, mutic at the base, and opening each by an ob-
lique foramen at the apex. Stigma obtuse. Capsule ligneous,
4-celled, with a septicidal dehiscence. Placenta 4-lobed. Seeds
scobiform. — Deciduous shrubs, natives of North America.
Leaves membranous, glaucous beneath. Pedicels numerous,
terminal, 1 -flowered, fascicled.
1 M. ferruginea (Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 56. t. 56.) corolla
urceolate, with rounded lobes ; leaves and branches hairy. ^2 •
H. Native of the north-west coast of America, particularly on
the Columbia River ; and of the Island of Sitcha. Lam. ill. t.
285. M. urceolaris, Salisb. par. lond. no. 44. Leaves obovate-
lanceolate. Flowers of a rust-colour.
/?((sty-flowered Menziesia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1811. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
2 M. globula'ris (Salisb. par lond. 44.) corolla globose,
with rounded lobes ; leaves and branches hairy. J2‘H. Na-
tive of Virginia and Carolina, on high mountains; plentiful on
the Cacapoon Mountains, near Winchester, Virginia. M. Smi-
thii, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 235. Azalea pilosa, Lam. ill.
494. M. pilosa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 420. Leaves lanceolate.
Flowers yellowish brown.
Globular- flowered Menziesia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806.
Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
3 M.? triflora (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 202.) corolla
oblong, with pointed lobes ; leaves and branches glabrous. 12 •
S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. M. ? elMa, D. Don,
mss. Andromeda octandra, Swartz, prod. p. 73. fl. ind. occ. 2.
p. 840. Leaves spatulate, oblong. Peduncles aggregate, re-
flexed.
Three-flowered Menziesia. Shrub tall.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Azalea, p. 851.
XLIX. AZA'LEA (from a£a\eo q, azaleos, dry, arid ; habita-
ERICACEAE. XLIX. Azalea. L. Leiophyllum. LI. Ledum. LII. Vaccinium.
851
tion of plant). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. — Azalea procum-
bens, Lin. and other authors. — Loiseleuria, Desv. Chamaeledon,
Link, enum. 1. p. 210.
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-partecl. Corolla
short, campanulate, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, equal, shorter than the
corolla ; cells of anthers opening by a terminal pore. Style
straight, inclosed. Capsule 5-celled : with 5 cloven-pointed
valves, whose indexed edges form the double partitions. — A
small, evergreen, glabrous, procumbent shrub, with the habit of
Thyme. Leaves opposite, small, elliptic, glabrous, with revolute
margins. Flowers pedicellate, rising in fascicles from the axils
of the upper leaves, small, red.
1 A. procu'mbens (Lin. spec. 205.). Tj . H. Native of
Europe, on mountains ; plentiful on the tops of mountains in
Scotland, but rare on the mountains in the north of England.
In North America, in the alpine regions of the White Mountains,
New Hampshire ; and on Grandfather Mountain, Carolina, &c.
FI. dan. t. 9. Lin. fl. lapp. ed. 2d. p. 60. t. 6. f. 2. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 865. Lodd. bot. cab. 762. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 64. t. 53.
Chamaeledon procumbens, Link. enum. 1. p. 210. Loiseleuria,
procumbens, Desv.
Procumbent Azalea. Fl. April, May. Britain. Shrub
procumbent.
Cult. This small shrub grows well in a peat border, or in pots
in sandy peat earth ; it is easily increased by layers or by seeds.
L. LEIOPHY'LLUM (from Xeiog, leios, smooth ; and
< pvXXov , phyllon, a leaf ; leaves quite smooth). Pers. ench. I.
p. 477. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 276. Ammyrslne, Pursh, fl. amer.
sept. 1 . p. 280. — Fischera, Swartz. — Ledum buxifolium, Berg. Ait.
Lin. syst. Decandria , Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted.
Corolla 5-petalled. Stamens 10, exserted ; anthers opening by
2 terminal pores. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, dehiscing at the
apex. — A small, erect, bushy shrub. Leaves small, convex,
oval, glabrous, shining. Flowers white, disposed in terminal
corymbs ; the delicacy of the leaves, and the abundance of its
white flowers, are highly ornamental.
1 L. thymifolium (Pers. ench. 1. p. 477. Spreng. syst. 2. p.
315.). Ij . H. Native of New Jersey and the mountains of
Carolina, particularly on the highest summits of the Catawba
ridge. By the inhabitants of New Jersey it is called Sand-
Myrtle. Ledum buxifolium, Bergius, in act. petrop. 1777. p. 1.
t. 3. f. 2. Ker. bot. reg. 531. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 66.
Lodd. bot. cab. 52. Ledum thymifolium, Lam. diet. 3. p. 459.
ill. t. 363. f. 2. Ledum serpyllifolium, Lher. stirp. nov. 2.
t. 10. Ammyrsine buxifolia, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 301.
Fischera, Swartz.
Thyme-leaved Leiophyllum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1736.
Shrub i to 1 foot.
Cidt. For culture and propagation see Ledum below.
LI. LE'DUM (Xt/cov, ledon, was a name applied by the
ancients to a plant producing the substance called Ladanum, and
now known by the name of Cistus Ledum ; in foliage, the Ledum
of modern botanists agrees with the plant of the ancients). Lin.
gen. no. 546. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 145. t. 112. Juss. gen. 159.
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 275.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx minute, 4-toothed.
Corolla 5-petalled, spreading. Stamens 5-10, exserted ; anthers
opening by 2 terminal pores. Capsule subovate, 5-celled, 5-valved,
opening at the base, pedicellate. Seeds numerous, flat, linear,
scabrous, furnished with a membranous wing at each extremity.
— Dwarf evergreen shrubs. Leaves coriaceous, with revolute
margins, and tomentose on the under surface. Flowers white,
disposed in terminal corymbs ; pedicels bracteate at the base.
Shrubs exhaling a peculiar scent when bruised.
1 L. palu stre (Lin. spec. 561.) leaves linear, with revolute
margins, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath; stamens 10,
longer than the corolla. J2 • H. Native of Canada, in swamps,
and round the mountain lakes of New York ; in Kotzebue’s
Sound, &c. ; also of the north of Europe, as of Denmark, Silesia,
&c. Oed. fl. dan. 1031. Duh. arb. 1. t. 67. Schmidt, arb. 163.
Lodd. bot. cab. 560. Ledum Silesiacum, Clus. pan. 68. Ros-
marlnum sylvestre, Cam. epit. 546. Flowers white. Leaves
resembling those of Rosmary.
Var. /3, decumbens (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 48.) shrub
decumbent. 1? . H. Native near Hudson’s Bay.
Marsh Wild-Rosmary. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1762. Shrub
2 feet.
2 L. latifolium (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 65.) leaves linear-ob-
long, with replicate margins, clothed with rusty tomentum be-
neath ; stamens 5, about the length of the corolla. . H.
Native of Canada, in sphagnous swamps ; Greenland, Labrador,
Newfoundland, Hudson’s Bay. This or the preceding species
has lately been found in Ireland. Jacq. icon. 3. t. 464. Schmidt,
arb. t. 164. Lam. ill. t. 363. f. 1. Lodd. bot. cab. 534. L.
Groenlandicum, Retz, obs. 4. p. 26. Fl. dan. t. 567. L. pa-
lustre, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 259. Flowers white. A
larger and broader leaved shrub than the last ; commonly called
Labrador Tea ; and the leaves are said to be a good substitute
for it. Bees are very fond of the flowers.
Broad-leaved Wild-Rosmary, or Labrador Tea. Fl. April,
May. Clt. 1763. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
3 L. Canade'nse (Lodd. bot. cab. 1049.) leaves ovate petio-
late, white beneath ; flowers disposed in terminal umbellate
corymbs, large. Tj . H. Native of Canada, in swamps. Flowers
white.
Canadian Wild-Rosmary. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Shrub ^
to ^ foot.
Cult. A peat soil, or very sandy loam answers best for the
species of this genus ; and they are readily increased by layers
and seeds. The seeds should be sown, and the seedlings after-
wards managed in the manner recommended for Rhododendron,
p. 848.
Tribe III.
VACCINIE'jE (the genera contained in this section agree
with Vaccinium, in the ovarium being adherent). D. Don, in
edinb. phil. journ. 17. p. 152. Anthers 2-celled. Ovarium ad-
herent. Disk perigynous, nectariferous. Fruit baccate. Gem-
mation scaly.
LII. VACCI'NIUM (an ancient Latin name, whether of
a berry or a flower, has always been a point in dispute among
critics, as well as the etymology of the word). Lin. gen. 191.
Ait. hort. kew. vol. 2. p. 355. Pursh, fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 284.
Juss. gen. 162. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 263. Lam. ill. 286.
Gaertn. fr. t. 28. — Vltis-idee a, Tourn. inst. t. 377.
Lin. syst. Octo-Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-toothed
(f. 1 42. a.) Corolla urceolate or campanulate (f. 142. 6.), more or
less deeply 4-5-cleft ; limb reflexed. Stamens 8-1 0, hypogynous.
Anthers 2-horned (f. 142.d.), dehiscing at the summits, and some-
times furnished at the back with 2 spreading spurs or bristles.
Style longer than the stamens ; stigma obtuse. Berry globose
(f. 142. e.), depressed at top, 4-5-celled (f. 142./.), many-seeded.
— The species of Vaccinium are mostly confined to Europe and
North America, but are peculiarly abundant in the latter country.
They are suffruticose, shrubby, gemmaceous plants. Bud-scales
often permanent, on the base of the small branches. Leaves alter-
nate, membranous, often beset with resinous dots, either permanent
or deciduous. Flowers pedicellate, either solitary , simply racemose,
or tufted, drooping, inodorous, generally very elegant, tinted with
various shades of red or pink, never blue, scarcely yellowish.
5 q 2
852
ERICACEAE. LII. Vaccinium.
Berries black, purple, bluish, or red, generally eatable, though not
always pleasant, nor wholesome in a crude state. The species of
this genus were ill understood by Linnaeus, who therefore has led
all following authors astray. In reviewing the whole, we find
something to add, though we have many specimens that are
dubious. We are obliged to follow the distribution of Linnaeus,
into the evergreen and deciduous species, though some uncer-
tainty must always attend that character respecting species
known from dried specimens only.
§ 1. Leaves deciduous.
* Pedicels l-fowered, usually solitary, rarely twin or fascicu-
lated.
1 V. myrti'llus (Lin. spec. 498.) pedicels solitary, 1-flower-
ed ; leaves serrated, ovate, smooth ; stem acutely angular,
smooth ; calyx hardly divided. . H. Native on heaths,
stony moors, and mountain woods throughout most parts of
Europe, especially the more northern ; plentiful in Britain. Dr.
Sibthorp gathered it on the Bithynian Olympus. It is common
on the hills in the Island of Unalaschka. Smith, engl. bot. 456.
FI. dan. 974. — Ger. emac. 1415. Math, valgr. 1. p. 210. Cam.
epit. 135. Corolla globose, generally 5-cleft, of a very delicate
waxy pink hue. Berries the size of currants, bluish black,
covered by a mealy bloom, eaten in tarts or with cream, or
made into jellies, in the north and west of England and Scot-
land. In Devonshire the berries are eaten with clotted cream ;
in Poland they are ripe in July, and being mixed with wood
strawberries, and eaten with new milk, are considered a great
delicacy. They may be successfully cultivated in a shady bor-
der, in bog earth. The fruit is sometimes sent into Norfolk
from Devonshire. The juice of them has been employed to
stain paper or linen purple. In autumn the wood game chiefly
live upon the product of this shrub. Mr. Menzies brought from
the west coast of North America what can scarcely be considered
more than a gigantic variety, 7 or 8 feet high, larger in every
part, with less distinctly serrated leaves.
Myrtle- like or Common Bilberry, or Bleaberry. FI. May.
Britain. Shrub \ to 2 feet.
2 V. Chamissonis (Bongard, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p.
151.) pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, short, deflexed while in fruit;
leaves elliptic, nearly entire, obtuse, mucronulated, glabrous,
glaucous beneath ; calyx 5-toothed ; flowers decandrous. T? .
H. Native of the Island of Sitcha. V. myrtillus, Cham, et
Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 525. Branches erect, angular. Co-
rolla white, urceolate, with short obtuse lobes. Anthers awned
on the back. Berries black.
Chamisso's Whortle-berry. Shrub 1 foot.
3 V. ovalifolium (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 2.) pedicels soli-
tary, 1-flowered ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, pointless, entire, smooth,
strongly veined beneath ; stem angular ; calyx hardly divided,
b • H. Native of the north-west coast of America, where it
was collected by Mr. Menzies ; and in the Island of Sitcha by
Bongard. Branches smooth, less acutely angular than in the
foregoing species. Leaves 1-| inch long. The flowers seem to
agree with those of V. myrtillus in colour and structure, except
that the corolla is more ovate. Berries black, crowned, cup-
shaped, with a slightly 4-lobed calyx.
Oval-leaved Bilberry. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
4 V. pa rvi folium (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 3.) pedicels soli-
tary, 1-flowered, clavate while bearing the fruit; leaves elliptic,
obtuse pointed, entire, smooth, glaucous and slightly veined
beneath ; stem acutely angular ; calyx hardly divided. . H.
Native of the north-west coast of America, where it was col-
lected by Mr. Menzies ; and in the Island of Sitcha by Bon-
gard. Branches smooth, as acutely angled as in V. myrtillus.
The leaves agree most in shape with V. ovalifolium, but are not
a quarter the size, even when full grown. The berries are red,
and make excellent tarts. They appear to be smaller than the
last, and crowned with a similar calyx.
Small-leaved Bilberry. Shrub 8 to 10 feet.
5 V. geminiflorum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
267.) flowers axillary, twin, drooping, decandrous ; leaves ob-
long, bluntish, crenulated, reticulately veined, rather membran-
ous, glabrous ; anthers furnished with 2 awns on the back. .
F. Native of Mexico, between Omitlan and Moran. Habit and
stature of V . myrtillus. Branchlets angular, downy. Leaves 8-
10 lines long, paler beneath. Corolla campanulate, ventricose
at the base, with short ovate bluntish segments. Filaments
membranous, glabrous.
Twin-flowered Whortle-berry. Shrub 1 foot.
6 V. hirtum (Thunb. jap. 155.) pedicels solitary, 1-flowered;
leaves ovate, serrated, hairy all over, as well as the young
branches. Tj • F. Native of Japan, on the hills between
Miaco and Jedo. Branches terete. Flowers on very short
stalks.
Hairy Bilberry. FI. April. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
7 V. uligino'sum (Lin. spec. 499.) pedicels somewhat aggre-
gate, 1-flowered; leaves obovate, entire, smooth; branches
terete. Ij . H. Native of Sweden, Germany, Siberia, Switzer-
land, Savoy, Scotland, and the north of England ; as well as in
the more northern parts of America, and on its west coast ; and
in the Island of Sitcha, on marshy mountain heaths and alpine
bogs. Smith, engl. bot. t. 581. FI. dan. 231. Myrtillus
grandis, Bauh. hist. 1. p. 518. Taller than the Common Bil-
berry, and of a more glaucous hue. Leaves glaucous beneath.
Flowers flesh-coloured, with 8 long-horned stamens. Berries
large, juicy, black, covered with a mealy bloom ; they are eat-
able, but not either very grateful or wholesome. A variety
with slightly pointed leaves was published by an apothecary at
Berne, in 1787, as V. mucronatum, an imaginary species.
Bog or Great Bilberry. FI. April, May. Britain. Shrub
2 feet.
8 V. calycinum (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 7.) pedicels soli-
tary, 1-flowered; leaves obovate, serrated, smooth, with downy
ribs; branches angular; calycine segments deep, ovate. 1? .
F. Native of the Sandwich Islands, in woods upon lofty moun-
tains. Leaves l|^ inch long, and near an inch wide. Corolla
oblong, with 5 angles.
Large-calyxed Bilberry. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
9 V. angustifolium (Ait. liort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 356.)
pedicels scattered, mostly solitary, 1-flowered, naked ; leaves
lanceolate, nearly entire, downy at the ribs and margins. Ij .
H. Native of Canada, about Hudson’s Bay and Labrador.
Berries large, bluish black, known by the name of Bluets. V.
myrtilloides, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 234. Michaux says
this species has the habit of V. myrtillus ; its leaves being mem-
branous, of a narrow lanceolate form.
Narrow-leaved Whortle-berry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1776.
Shrub 2 feet.
10 V. salicinum (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 525.)
flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; leaves cuneate-
lanceolate, cuspidate, quite entire, rather coriaceous, reticulately
veined ; corolla cylindrically urceolate, with a 4-cleft revolute
limb. 1 2 • FI. Native of Unalascha, on mossy hills. Shrub
trailing, glabrous, habit of Salix alpigena, creeping under the
moss. Branches angular, cinnamon-coloured. Flowers droop-
ing. Calycine lobes 4-5, short, ovate, acute. Stamens 8, in-
closed. Anthers biaristate on the base.
Willowy Whortle-berry. Shrub creeping.
11 V. c.espitosum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 234.) flowers
ERICACEAE. LII. Vacciniom.
853
lateral, solitary, nearly sessile ; leaves somewhat wedge-shaped,
rounded, obtuse, serrated, membranous, very smooth. 1? . H.
Native of America, in the more northern regions, particularly
about Hudson’s Bay; also in the Island of Sitcha. A little
shrub, with many crowded stems, from 2 to 4 inches high, very
smooth in every part. Corolla of a short urceolate form. Ber-
ries nearly sessile, globose, black, with a glaucous bloom.
Tufted Whortle-berry. Clt. 1823. Shrub \ to \ foot.
* * Flowers in sessile tufts.
12 V. gale'zans (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 232.) flowers
on very short stalks, in sessile tufts ; leaves sessile, lanceolate-
wedge-shaped, slightly serrated, downy ; calyx pointed; corollas
ovate, much contracted at the mouth ; style prominent. 1? . H.
Native of Virginia and Carolina, in shady w'oods and swamps.
V. galiformis, Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 16. Flowers small, yel-
lowish-white. Berries small, globular, black. Michaux de-
scribes this shrub as having the aspect of Myrtca Gale, with
slightly downy branches. Leaves varying. The pedicels shorter
than the flowers, burst from a bud, composed of numerous
crowded scales.
Gale- like Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. Shrub
2 feet.
13 V. tene'llum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 358.)
flowers in dense sessile tufts ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, finely serrated, smooth, except the rib and
margins ; branches angular, with a downy line on each side ;
calyx of 5, deep, acute segments. . H. Native from New
England to Virginia, on dry hills, on a gravelly soil. Wats,
dendr. brit. 35. V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 74.
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 232. A low, very branching shrub.
Corollas pale red, or white. Berries large, bluish black, ex-
tremely sweet, and agreeable to eat. The mountains of Penn-
sylvania produce an immense variety of this species, in size and
shape of the fruit, leaves, and flowers. Leaves sometimes an
inch long.
Delicate Whortle-berry. Fl. May. Clt. 1772. Shrub 1 to
2 feet.
14 V. ligu'strinum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 283.)
flowers nearly sessile, in tufts ; leaves nearly sessile, erect, lan-
ceolate, mucronate, finely serrated, veiny, downy ; corolla
longish, ovate ; branches angular. T? • H. Native from Penn-
sylvania to Virginia, in dry woods ; common on the mountains.
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 288. exclusive of the syn. of Willd.
A straight shrub. Leaves membranous, furnished with con-
spicuous, often purplish veins. Scales of the flower-buds often
purplish. Corollas purplish-red. Berries black. The leaves
vary extremely in shape and size. The V. ligustrinum of Lin-
naeus is a nonentity, or rather no Vaccinium, according to Smith,
being the very same plant with Lyonia paniculata.
Privet-like Whortle-berry. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub.
* * * Flowers disposed in racemes.
15 V. i’a'eliuum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 355.) ra-
cemes bracteate ; corolla cylindrically bell-shaped ; leaves ovate,
acute, finely serrated. • H. Native of North America,
from whence it was said to have been sent, in 1772, to Kew
Gardens, by Dr. Samuel Martin ; but Mr. Pursh never met
with it.
Pa/e-flowered Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1772.
Shrub 2 feet.
16 V. arboreum (Marsh, in Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 230.)
pedicels axillary and solitary, or terminal and racemose, naked ;
leaves ovate, acute, with slight glandular serratures, polished
above, and rather downy beneath ; corollas bell-shaped, acute ;
stamens the length of the tube. . H. Native from North
Carolina to Florida, in dry woods on the rocky banks of rivers.
V. diffusum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 356. A large
shrub, sometimes 20 feet high, very elegant. Corollas white,
tinged with red. Berries globular, black, almost dry. Branches
terete, downy while young. This species joins the solitary
flowered species with the racemose flowered species ; the axil-
lary flowers being solitary and pedicellate, and the terminal ones
racemose.
Tree Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1765. Shrub 10
to 20 feet.
17 V. stamineum (Lin. spec. 498.) racemes downy, with oval
bracteas as long as the flowers ; anthers biaristate on the back,
twice as long as the spreading bell-shaped corolla ; leaves ellip-
tic, acute, entire, glaucous and rather downy beneath. J? . H.
Native from New England to Florida. Andr. bot. rep. 263.
V. album, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 285. V. elevatum, Banks,
herb. Lodd. cat. — Pluk. mant. 22. phyt. t. 339. f. 3. Trunk
2 feet high, with numerous green branches, which are downy
while young. Leaves 1^ or 2 inches long, on very short downy
stalks. Flowers decandrous, copious, w'hite, having linear an-
thers, which are spurred near the base. Berries greenish or
white, called Deer-berries. The bracteas resemble the leaves,
but are much smaller. The V. album, Lin. is Xylosteum cilid-
tum [i, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 161. ; and therefore there is
no wonder that subsequent investigators could never ascertain the
V. album of Linnaeus. We must notice another error of Lin-
naeus, to prevent mistake. He cites, under V. stamineum, the
proper figure of Plukenet, but with a wrong synonyme or defini-
tion. Here also it falls to our lot to correct him respecting
another of Kalm’s plants, V. mucronatum, which has ever re-
mained as unintelligible as V. album. His described specimen
is certainly a pomaceous plant.
Far. (3 ; (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 267.) leaves
larger, ciliated on the nerves beneath and margins. J? . F.
Native of Mexico, in woods between Pachuca and Real del
Monte. Shrub \ foot. Corolla campanulate, white.
Long-slamened Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1772.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
18 V. dumosum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 356.) ra-
cemes downy, with oval bracteas : and the pedicels with 2 lan-
ceolate bracteoles ; leaves obovate, mucronate, entire, downy
and viscid ; ovarium hairy ; corolla bell-shaped, obtuse, longer
than the stamens. t? . H. Native from New Jersey to Florida,
in' dry sandy woods, particularly in pine-forests. Curt. bot.
mag. 1106. Andr. bot. rep. 112. V. frondosum, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 230. V. hirtellum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p.
357. A low bushy shrub, with round branches. Leaves 1-*
inch long. Calycine segments fringed. Corollas white, tinged
with pink, rathei large. Berries black, globular.
Far. (3, humile (Wats, dendr. brit. t. 32.) flowers white ; an-
thers red ; pedicels solitary, axillary ; shrub ^ foot high.
Bushy Whortle-berry. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
19 V. corymbosum (Lin. spec. 499.) flowering branches almost
leafless ; racemes corymbose, drooping, with membranous brac-
teas, which are shorter than the downy flower-stalks ; leaves
elliptic, acute, minutely serrated, smooth, with downy ribs. .
H. Native from Canada to Carolina and Georgia, in swamps
and wet woods. Wats, dendr. brit. 123. V. amoc'num, Ait.
hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 358. Andr. bot. rep. 138. V. diso-
morphum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 231. V. elevatum, Hort.
V. album, Lam. diet. 1. p. 13. A tall shrub, sometimes 7-8
854
ERICACE/E. LII. Vaccinium.
feet high, with numerous roughish terete branches, which are
somewhat angular and downy while young. Leaves 1|- to 2
inches long, tipped with a glandular point. Racemes rising
from the branches of the preceding year, seldom accompanied
by leaves. Bracteas reddish, membranous, fringed. Calycine
segments broad and shallow. Corollas white or reddish, cylin-
drically urceolate, rather angular, contracted at the mouth.
Stamens 10, downy ; anthers inclosed, having a double pouch at
the base, but no spurs. Berries black, insipid. This species
has a number of varieties in size, shape, and colour.
Far. 1 8, virgatum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 358.)
flowers white, tinged with crimson or pale red, very elegant,
smaller than the species. 1? . H. Native of Virginia and Caro-
lina, in swamps. Andr. bot. rep. 181. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 33.
In Andrews’s plate of V. virgcltum, the racemes are accompanied
by leaves, of which we have seen no example in V. corymbosum.
Shrub 2 feet high. Racemes short, lateral and terminal.
Far. y, fuscatum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. c.) flowers striped with
red and white ; calyx downy. J? . H. Native of Lower Caro-
lina and Georgia, in swamps. V. formosum, Andr. bot. rep.
t. 97.
Far. S, angustifblium ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, sessile, besprinkled with brown minute pedicellate
glands beneath, and hairy on the mid-rib above. V. virgcltum,
var. angustifblium, Wats, dendr. brit. t. 34. Flowers almost
white.
Con/miose-flowered Whortle-berry. FI. May, June. Clt.
1765. Shrub 4 to 7 feet.
20 V. Maria' num (Wats, dendr. brit. t. 124.) racemes lateral,
numerous, many-flowered ; corolla cylindrical, contracted at the
mouth ; leaves elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous, distinctly and mi-
nutely denticulated. . H. Native of North America. Flowers
decandrous, white.
Maryland Whortle-berry. FI. May, June. Clt. 1812. Shrub
5 feet.
21 V. grandiflorum (Wats, dendr. brit. 125. f. a.) racemes
terminal, 3-4-flowered ; corollas cylindrical, contracted at the
mouth ; leaves lanceolate, finely serrated, attenuated at both
ends, glabrous. T? . H. Native of North America. Flowers
white, decandrous.
Great-flowered Whortle-berry. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Shrub 1^ foot.
22 V. elonga'tum (Wats, dendr. brit. t. 125. b.) corymbs
few-flowered, bractless ; pedicels downy ; leaves elliptic-lanceo-
late, serrulated, tipped by a glandular hair each, and with a few
hairs on the nerves ; branclilets downy. Tj . H. Native of
North America. Corollas white, with reflexed teeth.
Elongated Whortle-berry. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub
3 to 4 feet.
23 V. minutiflorum (Wats, dendr. brit. 125. c.) racemes ter-
minal, few-flowered ; corollas cylindrical, with erect teeth ;
leaves rather coriaceous, bluntly subserrated, each tipped by a
gland. Tj . H. Native of North America. Flowers white.
Minute-flowered Whortle-berry. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Shrub 1 foot.
24 V. gla'brum (Wats, dendr. brit. t. 125. d.) spikes lateral;
corollas campanulately cylindrical; leaves elliptic, entire, gla-
brous. Tj . H. Native of North America. Flowers white.
Glabrous Whortle-berry. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Shrub.
25 V. bractea'tum (Thunb. fl. jap. 156.) racemes axillary,
longer than the glabrous, acute, serrated leaves ; bracteas lan-
ceolate, serrated; pedicels furnished with 2 awl-shaped brac-
teoles. Jj . F. Native of Japan, in the Island of Niphon.
Branches smooth, angular while young. Racemes 2-3 inches
long ; pedicels secund, drooping. Corollas cylindrical, white.
The leaves may be evergreen.
Bracteate-R owered Whortle-berry. Shrub.
26 V. cilia'tum (Thunb. fl. jap. 156.) racemes axillary, longer
than the ovate, bristly, nearly entire leaves ; bracteas lanceolate,
smooth. T? . F. Native of Japan, &c. where it is called Sas-
jebu. The stem is smooth, and the branches villous. Leaves
1-2 inches long, unequal. Flowers red, unilateral.
Ciliated- leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub.
27 V. frondosum (Lin. spec. 499.) racemes loose ; bracteas
obovate, not half so long as the slender pedicels, which bear 2
small linear bracteoles in the middle ; leaves obovate-oblong,
obtuse, entire, smooth. 1? . H. Native from New Jersey to
Carolina, in open woods. Andr. bot. rep. 140. V. glaucum,
Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 231. Flowers small, almost glo-
bular, white. Berries large, blue, globular, eatable, called by
the country people Blue Tangles. Branclilets terete, smooth,
and slender. Leaves 2-3 inches long, glaucous beneath, and
sprinkled with minute resinous dots. Racemes lateral from the
former year’s wood. Flowers drooping, greenish-white, shaped
like those of the Lily of the valley , but smaller; anthers in-
closed.
Far. fl, venustum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 357.)
leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, t? . H. V. frondosum,
var. fl, lanceolatum, Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 786.
Leafy Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1761. Shrub
3 feet.
28 V. resinosum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 357.) ra-
cemes leafless, viscid, downy, with lanceolate bracteoles on the
pedicels ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, bluntish, entire, covered
with resinous dots ; calyx in 5 deep ovate segments, longer than
the ovarium. • H. Native from Canada to Carolina, in
woods, and on mountains frequent. Curt. bot. mag. t. 1288.
Andromeda baccilta, Wangh. amer. t. 30. f. 69. Branches te-
rete, downy when young. Leaves usually 1-| inch long, bright
green on both sides, rather viscid. Racemes lateral from last
year’s wood, drooping. Flowers greenish-yellow. Berries black,
eatable.
Far. fl, rubescens (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 286.) corollas
redish. T? . H. Curt. bot. mag. 1288.
Far. y, lutescens (Pursh, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate ; flowers red-
ish-yellow. ^2 • H. V. parviflorum, Andr. bot. rep. 125.
Resinous Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1782. Shrub
2 to 3 feet.
29 V. arctosta'phylos (Lin. spec. 500.) racemes lateral ;
bracteas all at the base of the pedicels ; leaves elliptic, acute,
minutely serrated, hairy beneath ; stamens as long as the co-
rolla, which is bell-shaped, with very hairy filaments ; calyx
slightly 5-lobed. I? . H. Native on the coast of the Black
Sea, where it was gathered by Tournefort, who describes it as a
shrub about the height of a man, with a trunk as thick as a
man’s arm. Young branches downy on two opposite sides.
Leaves inches long. Racemes from the wood of the preced-
ing year, below the fresh leafy shoots, drooping, rather hairy,
each composed of 8-10 pendulous flowers, of a dirty white
colour, tinged w'ith purple. Anthers spurred at the base. Co-
rollas bell-shaped, hairy. Tournefort judges this to be, with
great probability, the apicrooratyvXoe, or Bear’s Grape, of
Galen. What the var. fl of Linnaeus may be, wTe know not, as
nothing answerable to it is to be found in Tournefort’s Corol-
larium.
Bear’s-Grape Whortle-berry. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
30 V. padifolium (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 22.) racemes
lateral ; bracteas all at the base of the pedicels ; leaves ovate-
ERICACEAE. LII. Vaccinium.
855
lanceolate, acute, serrulated, smooth on both surfaces, except
the mid-rib ; stamens nearly as long as the bell-shaped corolla,
with smooth slightly fringed filaments ; calyx 5-lobed. ^ • E.
Native of Madeira, on the loftiest part of the island, where it
forms impenetrable thickets. V. arctostaphylos, Andr. bot. rep.
t. 30. Curt. bot. mag. 974. V. Maderense, Link. enum. 1.
p. 375. Corollas larger than those of the preceding, pale green,
with a purple tinge ; sometimes it appears to be all over purple
externally. The Caucasian plant, discovered by Pallas, is said
not to differ from that of Madeira. Pallas says the berries are
black, juicy, eatable, and gratefully acid ; and he sometimes found
the flowers 4-cleft.
Bird-cherry-leaved Bear’s Grape. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1777.
Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
31 V. cylindra'ceum (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 23.) racemes
lateral ; bracteas serrated, all at the base of the pedicels ; leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, acute, serrulated, quite smooth, except the
base of the mid-rib ; stamens half the length of the cylindrical
corolla, with hairy filaments ; calyx slightly 5-toothed. . H.
Native of the Azores, on the mountains, where it is called Uva
de Serra, or Mountain-berry. Appaiently arborescent. Branches
downy on the opposite sides. Racemes numerous, rising from
the wood of the preceding year. Flowers drooping, nearly an
inch long, apparently red or purple.
Cylindrical flowered Bear’s Grape. Shrub or tree.
32 V. ledifo'lium (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 36. t. 123.) racemes
axillary and terminal, loose, downy ; flowers unilateral ; leaves
sessile, linear, attenuated at the base, ciliated, glabrous above,
but yellowish-brown beneath, with the nerves downy. 1? • G.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the
higher mountains, in dry places. Stem dark, hoary. Leaves
deciduous. Bracteas of two forms, acute, ciliated. Corolla
white, glabrous, having the teeth reflexed.
Ledum-leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub 1 foot.
§ 2. Leaves evergreen.
* Flowers racemose.
33 V. meridiona'le (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 676.) racemes
erect, downy ; bracteas coloured, solitary, ovate, at the base of
the pedicels ; leaves ovate, crenated, smooth ; stem arboreous.
. G. Native of Jamaica, on the Blue Mountains. Tree with
a very straight trunk and hard wood. Branches downy when
young. Leaves 1 inch long. Flowers drooping, reddish-white.
Corollas ovate, quadrangular before expansion, contracted at the
mouth, with 4 acute, recurved segments. Stamens 8, as long as
the corolla : their filaments hairy in the middle. Berries round-
ish, juicy, pleasantly flavoured, pale red, resembling those of
V. vitis-idce'a. The flowers are rarely 5-cleft, and decan-
drous. Racemes rising from the top of the wood of the preced-
ing year.
Southern Whortle-berry. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1778. Tree
10 to 30 feet.
34 V. confe'rtum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
265. t. 250.) racemes axillary, solitary, short, sessile, drooping,
about equal in length to the leaves ; leaves ovate elliptic, blunt-
ish, crenulated, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers decandrous ; an-
thers mutic. . H. Native of Mexico, on high mountains
near Moran and Cerro de Oyamel. Branchlets angular, gla-
brous. Leaves 5-6 lines long, beset with scattered, brown, minute
dots beneath. Pedicels bibracteate at the base. Corolla cam-
panulate, white, with ovate, acute, recurved segments.
Crowded- leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub 1 foot.
35 V. floribt/ndum (H. B.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
266. t. 251.) racemes terminal
and axillary, drooping, much
longer than the leaves ; leaves
oblong, acute, coriaceous, gla-
brous, crenulated ; flowers oc-
tandrous and decandrous ; an-
thers mutic. T? . G. Native of
Peru, on the mountains near
Caxamarca. Branchlets angu-
lar, downy. Leaves 6-7 lines
long, besprinkled with a few
black dots beneath. Corolla
campanulate, white, having a
quadrifid or quinquefid limb,
with oval bluntish segments.
Flowers about the size of those
of V. vitis-idce'a. Filaments membranous, ciliated. Racemes
approximate at the tops of the branches, bracteate (f. 142.)
Bundle-flowered Whortle-berry. Shrub.
36 V. leuca'nthum (Cham, in Linnaea. 7. p. 524.) arbore-
ous ; branches angular, sometimes downy ; leaves coriaceous, on
short petioles, oval -lanceolate, acute, glandularly serrated, hav-
ing the petioles and mid-rib downy above, the rest glabrous ;
racemes secund, rising from the branches of the preceding year,
leafless ; flowers drooping ; corollas urceolately campanulate ;
anthers biaristate. J? . F. Native of Mexico, below St. Sal-
vador. Flowers white. Fruit black and edible. Nearly allied
to V. Meridionale.
White-flowered Whortle-berry. Shrub.
37 V. Caraccasa'num (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
266.) racemesaxillary, twice longer than the leaves; flowers
secund, octandrous or decandrous ; leaves elliptic, acute, crenu-
lated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above ; anthers biaristate on
the back. J? . H. Native on the southern declivity of Mount
Silla de Caraccas. Branchlets angular, glabrous. Leaves shin-
ing above, 9-10 lines long. Racemes crowded at the tops of
the branches. Corolla campanulate, glabrous, reddish-white,
with a 4-5-parted limb ; segments ovate, acutish. Filaments
membranous, ciliated.
Caraccas Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. Shrub.
38 V. vitis-id^'a (Lin. spec. 500.) racemes terminal, droop-
ing, with ovate concave bracteas, which are longer than the
pedicels ; leaves obovate, revolute, minutely toothed, dotted be-
neath ; corolla bell-shaped. T? . H. Native of dry, barren,
stony woods and heaths in the north of Europe ; plentiful in
Scotland, Westmoreland, Derbyshire, and Wales. Mr. Pursh
says it occurs on rocks near the sea-coast, from Canada to New
England ; but the American plant is more robust than the Euro-
pean, with considerably larger leaves. Lodd. bot. cab. 616.
It has also been found in the islands of Kamtschatka, Una-
laschka, and St. Lawrence. Smith, engl. bot. 598. Fl. dan.
t. 40. Lodd. bot. cab. 1023. — Vitis-idae'a rilbra, Cam.
epit. 136. Root creeping, woody. Stems ascending a span
high ; young branches terete, downy. Leaves like those of box,
but darker. Flowers pale pink, 4-cleft, octandrous. Anthers
without spurs. Berries blood-red, acid, austere, and bitter, less
palatable in tarts than either the Cranberry or Bilberry, but ex-
cellent in a rob or jelly, for colds and sore throats, as well as to
eat with roast meat ; to which latter purpose this jelly is univer-
sally applied by the Swedes, and forms a sauce to venison which
is thought superior to currant jelly. In Wales it is used with
roast mutton. It may be cultivated in a moist shady border of
bog-earth, like the Bleaberry.
FIG. 142.
1
856
ERICACEAE, LII. Vaccinium.
Cow-berry or Red Whortle-berry. FI. June. Britain. Shrub
1 foot.
39 V. myrtifolium (Micbx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 229.) creep-
ing, quite smooth ; leaves petiolate, oval, shining, revolute,
sparingly and minutely toothed; racemes axillary, nearly sessile,
of few flowers ; corolla bell-shaped, somewhat inflated, minutely
5-toothed ; anthers without dorsal horns. Jj . H. Native of
Carolina. Michaux describes the berries as small, globose,
crowned by the calyx, black, on short stalks.
Myrtle-leaved, Whortle-berry. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812.
Shrub creeping.
40 V. crassifolium (Andr. bot. rep. t. 105.) racemes lateral
and terminal, corymbose ; bracteas shorter than the pedicels ;
leaves elliptic, crenated, smooth, paler and veiny beneath ; co-
rolla bell-shaped ; stem diffuse. . H. Native of Carolina.
Curt. bot. mag. 1152. A hairy shrub, requiring some shelter
from our variable winters and springs. Leaves not an inch long,
with a little minute pubescence on the mid-rib and petioles.
Flowers 5-cleft, decandrous, prettily variegated with pink and
white, drooping, on red corymbose stalks. Stamens hairy.
Thick-leaved Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1787.
Shrub trailing.
41 V. villosum (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 29.) racemes longer
than the leaves ; pedicels, calyx, corolla, and lanceolate bracteas
densely hairy ; leaves elliptic, entire, revolute, coriaceous, with
a blunt point, hairy on the upper side. . F. Native of
Mexico, from whence specimens were sent by Mutis to Linnaeus.
Branches densely hairy when young. Leaves crowded, an inch
long, on thick downy petioles, scarcely hairy beneath, except on
the mid-rib. Racemes towards the ends of the younger branches,
axillary, drooping, very hairy. Pedicels bracteolate. Corolla
purplish, with 5 hairy angles, and as many recurved teeth. Per-
haps a species of Gaylussacia.
Villous Whortle-berry. Shrub.
42 V. nitidum (Andr. bot. rep. t. 480.) racemes terminal,
corymbose ; bracteas shorter than the pedicels ; leaves elliptic-
obovate, acute, crenated, smooth and shining ; corollas cylin-
drical. T? . H. Native of Carolina. Curt. bot. mag. 1550.
Stems either erect or diffuse. Leaves \ to 1 inch long, paler
and veiny beneath. Pedicels, bracteas, and calyx very smooth,
of a shining red or purple colour. Calyx of 5 broad, or rather
shallow segments. Corollas ovate, oblong, white or pink, with
5 slight spreading teeth, decandrous. The branches are downy
on two opposite sides.
(SVaniwg-leaved Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1794.
Shrub 1 foot, or decumbent.
43 V. Schlechtenda'lii; racemes elongated, erect, and are as
well as the petioles, peduncles, and ribs of leaves on the under sur-
face, downy ; leaves rather coriaceous, permanent, with the nerves
and veins prominent on both surfaces, lanceolate or ovate-lan-
ceolate, acute, adpressedly serrated, callously mucronate at the
apex as well as the serratures, and running into the short pe-
tioles, at the base ; fructiferous branches nearly leafless. . F.
Native of Mexico, near Jalacinga, in woods. Vaccinium, nov.
spec. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linneea. 6. p. 395. An erect, much-
branched, evergreen, smoothish shrub. Leaves 2 inches long,
and 9 lines broad. Bracteas linear, acute, caducous ; calyx bi-
bracteate at the base. Berries drooping, umbonate, crowned by
the minute calycine teeth.
Schlechtendal’s Whortle-berry. Shrub.
44 V. buxifolium (Salisb. par. t. 4.) racemes axillary, of few
flowers ; leaves petiolate, obovate, toothed or crenated, smooth
on both surfaces; stems tufted; corollas roundish-ovate ; fila-
ments glandular; stigma capitate. fj . H. Native of the
western parts of Virginia, near Winchester and the Sweet
Springs. Curt. bot. mag. 928. Lodd. bot. cab. 648. V. bra-
chycerum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 234. A handsome little
shrub, in stature and general aspect, resembling V. vitis-idce'a.
The leaves are, however, smooth, even, and not dotted on the
under side. Corollas globular, contracted at the mouth, not
bell-shaped. Stamens 10. Anthers spurless at the base, dis-
charging their pollen by lateral, not terminal apertures. Flowers
white, delicately striped with red.
Box-leaved Whortle-berry. Fl. June. Clt. 1794. Shrubs
foot.
45 V. ova'tum (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 290.) racemes
axillary and terminal, bracteate, short ; leaves on short petioles,
oblong, ovate, acute, revolute, serrated, smooth, coriaceous; co-
rolla cylindrical, campanulate ; calyxes acute. . H. Found
by Governor Lewis on the banks of the Columbia River, and by
Mr. Menzies on the north-west coast of America. Hook, et
Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 144. Shrub much branched;
branches hairy, as well as the petioles. The foliage is like
that of Pernettya mucronata.
Oya/e-leaved Whortle-berry. Fl. May. Clt. 1826. Shrub.
46 V. Canade'nse (Richards, in Frankl. 1st journ. append),
leaves lanceolate, quite entire, downy ; racemes terminal ;
flowers fasciculate ; style inclosed. T? . H. Native of Arctic
America.
Canadian Whortle-berry. Shrub.
47 V. sca'brum (Pobl. pi. bras. 2. p. 37. t. 124.) racemes
terminal and axillary, longer than the leaves, beset with glan-
dular hairs ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, mucronate, with
revolute ciliated edges, scabrous, having the nerves hispid be-
neath. T? . G. Native of Brazil, in turfy bogs at Registo Velho
and Villa de Barbacena. Stems many from tbe same root,
leafy at the tops. Leaves scabrous above, and glabrous be-
neath, permanent. Pedicels pilose, bracteate at the base. Brac-
teas of two forms, deciduous. Corolla glabrous, campanulate,
white.
Scabrous Whortle-berry. Shrub 1 foot.
48 V. monta'num (Pobl, pi. bras. 2. p. 38. t. 125.) racemes
axillary, bracteate, pilose ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-
elliptic, mucronate, hardly narrowed at the base, glabrous, but
having the nerves on the under side rather pilose. Tj . G. Na-
tive of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in dry places on
Serra de Pinheiro. Leaves permanent, dark green above, and
yellowish-green beneath, 8 lines long and 4 broad. Flowers
unilateral. Corolla campanulate, glabrous, white.
Mountain Whortle-berry. Shrub diffuse.
* * Flowers disposed in scaly tufts, nearly sessile.
49 V. myrsinites (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 233.) flowers
in terminal and lateral tufts ; leaves sessile, oval, mucronate,
obscurely serrated, smooth and shining above, but rather hairy
and dotted beneath ; stem erect, much branched ; corolla oblong-
ovate. . H. Native of Carolina and Florida, in dry sandy
woods. A beautiful little shrub, with slightly downy branches.
Leaves glandular beneath. Tufts of flowers axillary, with pur-
ple scales. Calycine segments scarlet. Corolla of a fine purple
colour, 5-toothed. Stamens 10.
Var. fi, lanceolatum (Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 290.) leaves
lanceolate, acute at both ends.
Var. y, obtusum (Pursh, 1. c.) leaves roundish-obovate.
Myrtle-like Whortle-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub
small.
* * * Flowers solitary, pedicellate.
50 V. ce'reum (Forst. prod. 28.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-
ERICACEAE. LII. Vaccinium. LIII. Oxycoccus.
857
flowered, furnished with 2 lanceolate bracteas about the middle ;
leaves roundish-ovate, serrated ; calyx of 5 broad ovate pointed
segments. Tj . F. Native of Otaheite and Owahu. Andro-
meda c&rea, Lin. fil. suppl. 238. Branches terete, slightly downy
when young. Leaves mucronate, about an inch long. Corolla
ovate-oblong, with 5 angles, and 5 erect small segments. Sta-
mens 10. Anthers with 2 dorsal horns, according to Linnaeus.
Perhaps a species of Pernettya.
Waxy Whortle-berry. Shrub small, A foot.
51 V. reticula'tum (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 30.) pedicels
axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, downy ; leaves obovate, more or
less serrated, coriaceous, with a blunt point, strongly reticulated
on both sides, and nearly smooth. . F. Native of the Sand-
wich Islands, on the high mountains, in woods, where it was col-
lected by Mr. Menzies. Branches when young angular and
downy. Leaves an inch long, with revolute margins. Pedicels
bractless, swelling upwards. Calyx in 4 or 5 deep-ribbed co-
loured segments, at length involute. Corolla cylindrical, twice
as long as the calyx, purple, slightly hairy, with 4 or 5 erect
blunt teeth. Style hairy. Berries globular, depressed, nearly
smooth.
Beticulated-leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub.
52 V. humifu'sum (Grabam, in edinb. phil.journ. June, 1831.)
pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, furnished with many brac-
teas ; leaves evergreen, ovate, acutish, quite entire, glabrous on
both surfaces, ciliated ; stem prostrate, creeping ; flowers decan-
drous ; anthers obtuse, mutic. \ . H. Native of North America,
on the Rocky mountains. Branchlets downy. Flowers drooping.
Corollas campanulate, white, often partially tinged with red
outside, with reflexed teeth. Stigma capitate. Filaments gla-
brous, flattened. Fruit edible, well-fla%roured.
Trailing Whortle-berry. FI. May, June. Clt. 1827. Shrub
creeping.
53 V. penduliflorum (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 454.)
pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, elongated, pendulous in
the fruit-bearing state ; flowers decandrous ; calycine segments
lanceolate, one-half shorter than the corolla, which is campanu-
late and 5-angled ; anthers awned ; branches angular, leafy ;
leaves oblong, sharply serrated, rather coriaceous. Tj . F. Na-
tive of the Sandwich Islands, at the altitude of 500 hexapods.
An erect glabrous shrub.
Pendulous-flowered Whortle-berry. Shrub.
54 V. microphy'llum (Herb. Reinwdt. ex Blum, bijdr. p.
851.) stem shrubby; branchlets puberulous ; leaves oval,
obtuse, quite entire, with recurved margins, veiny, coriaceous,
glabrous; pedicels almost solitary, axillary, 1-flowered; co-
rollas urceolate ; anthers mutic ; calyx bractless. \ • G. Na-
tive of the Celebes, on the mountains.
Small-leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub.
55 V. denta'tum (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 31.) pedicels axil-
lary, solitary, 1-flowered, smooth; leaves obovate, with sharp tooth-
like serratures, coriaceous, veiny, very smooth ; calyx longer than
the smooth ovarium. T? . F. Native of the Sandwich Islands,
on the lofty mountains, where it was found by Mr. Menzies.
The branches are angular, and always smooth, like every other
part. Leaves rather longer than the V. reticulatum, with less
prominent veins. Calycine segments keeled.
Tooth- leaved Vaccinium. Shrub.
56 V. obtu'sum (Pursb, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 290.) pedicels
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered; leaves small, oval, rounded, and
blunt at each end, mucronate, entire, coriaceous, smooth ; stem
creeping. . H. Native of the north-west coast of America,
where it was gathered by Mr. Menzies.
Blunt-\exved Whortle-berry. Shrub.
57 V. empetrifo'lium (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p, 263. t. 268.) creeping, auite glabrous leaves approximate,
VOL. in.
subimbricated, obtuse, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; pedi-
cels solitary, axillary, 1-flowered; flowers octandrous ; corollas
tubularly campanulate ; anthers mutic ; calyx bibracteate at the
base. 1? . G. Native of the western declivity of the burning
Mount Antisana, between Pintac and Pinantura. Leaves 2\
lines long. Corolla scarlet, glabrous : with ovate, acute, spread-
ing segments. Anthers dehiscing lengthwise. Filaments cili-
ated.
Empelrum-leaved Whortle-berry. Shrub creeping.
58 V. penaeoides (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
264.) creeping, glabrous ; leaves approximate, subimbricated,
oblong, acute, obsoletely and remotely crenulated, stiff', glabrous,
a little ciliated; pedicels short, axillary, solitary, 1-flowered;
flowers octandrous ; calyx bibracteate ; anthers mutic. T? . G.
Native of the province of Quito, at Mount Tunguragua, near
Cuchilla de Guandisava. Leaves 3 lines long. Branchlets
downy. Flowers solitary, on the tops of the branches. Corolla
tubularly campanulate, scabrous, w'ith ovate acutish segments.
Filaments pilose.
Pencea-like Whortle-berry. Shrub creeping.
59 V. acumina'tum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p.
264.) arboreous ; leaves approximately subimbricated, ovate,
acuminated, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers axillary,
solitary, twin or tern, almost sessile, octandrous ; calyx bibrac-
teate ; anthers mutic. ? Jj . G. Native of New Granada, in
Paramo de Almaguer, and near Pansitara. Branches clothed
with rusty hairs, densely leafy. Leaves on short petioles, 3
lines long. Corollas nearly globose, white, with a quadrifid
reflexed limb. Filaments pilose.
Acuminated-\ea\ed Whortle-berry. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
60 V. alaternoides (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 265.)
arborescent? leaves roundish, elliptic, acutish, quite entire, ob-
soletely 3-nerved, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers axillary, soli-
tary, twin or tern, sessile, octandrous ; calyx bibracteate ;
anthers mutic, half exserted. 1? . G. Native of the Andes of
Peru, near Ayavaca. Branches downy. Leaves 8-9 lines long.
Corolla tubularly campanulate, white, with a quadrifid revolute
limb. Filaments villous.
Alaternus-like Whortle-berry. Shrub or small tree.
N. B. There are several plants with different names than
those above, in the gardens, but these names are only synony-
mous with some of the species described above, as V. pruni-
fdlium, V. hallericefolium, and V. salicinum.
Cult. All the species may be raised from seeds, or from off-
set root-suckers, creeping roots, and trailing rooting stems.
Those also growing with several rooted stalks, may be divided
in the root and top into separate plants, in which way they suc-
ceed very well. The seeds should be sown, when that method
is pursued, in the autumn, as soon as they are ripe and gathered,
in a shady border ; and when the plants are up, and require to
be removed, keep a ball of earth about their roots. I he offsets
or root-plants may be set out in the same season, in proper
places. The species are admitted into gardens and pleasure-
grounds for the sake of variety, curiosity, and ornament, and
some of them are grown for the use of their fruit. All thrive
best in peat soil, or very sandy loam. Some require to be grown
in moist situations, and" others in dry. The stove and green-
house kinds should be treated as other green-house and stove
shrubs ; and cuttings of them strike readily in sand, under a
bell-glass ; those of the stove species in heat.
LIII. OXYCOCCUS (from oIvq, oxys, sharp, and uok-
koq, koJc/cos, a berry ; in reference to the sharp acid taste of the
berries). Pers. syn. 1. p. 419. Pursb, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 263.
5 R
858
ERICACEAE. LIII. Oxycoccus. L1V. Gaylussacia.
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 25 0. — Vaccinium species of Lin. and
others.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-toothed. Co-
rolla 4-parted, with nearly linear revolute segments. Sta-
mens 8, with connivent filaments; anthers tubular, 2 -parted.
Berries many-seeded. — Small, prostrate, creeping, evergreen
shrubs, with small leaves, growing in sphagnose morasses.
Branches filiform, proliferous. Flowers produced at the base
of the spring branchlets, in short gemmaceous racemes ; pedi-
cels filiform, conspicuously bibracteate. Berries red, rarely
white, acid.
1 O. palu'stris (Pers. ench. 1. p. 419.) stems filiform,
creeping ; leaves small, ovate, entire, acute, smooth, with
revolute margins; pedicels terminal, 1-flowered; segments of
corolla oval. Tj . B. H. Native of turfy mossy bogs in
the mountainous parts of Europe ; common in Switzerland,
Russia, Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England, as well
as in Lincolnshire and the neighbouring part of Norfolk. Mr.
Pursh speaks of it as common on the boggy mountains of
North America, from Canada to Pennsylvania, Island of Una-
laschka. O. vulgaris, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 263. O.
Europae'us, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 251. Vaccinium Oxycoccus,
Lin. spec. 500. Smith, engl. bot. t. 319. Oed. fl. dan. t. 80.
Vaccinium Oxycoccus, var. a, ovalifolius, Michx. fl. bor.
amer. 1. p. 228. Vaccinia palustris, Ger. emac. 1419. Lob.
icon. 2. t. 109. Oxycoccum, Cord. hist. 140. 2 f. 1. Leaves
convex, and dark shining green above, and glaucous beneath.
Stems reddish. Pedicels few together, about the tops of the
branches, red, slightly hoary. Corolla pink, with reflexed ob-
long segments. Stamens with purple downy filaments and yel-
low anthers. Berries pear-shaped, globular, often spotted,
crimson, of a peculiar flavour, with a strong acidity, grateful to
most people in the form of tarts, for which purpose they are
largely imported from Russia. Not long since, cranberries
from Lincolnshire and the north-west corner of Norfolk were
sold in the streets of Norwich by cart-loads ; but the extensive
inclosures have in many parts destroyed and drained their
native bogs. Lightfoot records, that at Longtown, on the bor-
ders of Cumberland, not less than 20 /. or 30/. worth were sold
each market day, for 5 or six weeks together, and dispersed
over different parts of the kingdom. In Sweden, these berries
serve only to boil silver plate to its due degree of whiteness,
their sharp acid corroding the superficial particles of the copper
alloy.
Marsh or Common Cranberry. Fl. May, June. Britain.
Shrub creeping.
2 O. macroca'rpus (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 263.) stems
prostrate, filiform, creeping ; leaves elliptic-oblong, nearly flat
and obtuse, distantly subserruiated on the margins, glaucous
beneath, downy at the points when young : segments of the co-
rolla linear-lanceolate ; flower-bearing branches erect, proli-
ferous ; pedicels lateral. Tj . B. H. Native from Canada to Vir-
ginia, in bogs, principally on a sandy soil, and on high moun-
tains. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 122. Vaccinium macrocarpum,
Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol.2. 13. t. 7. Hook. bot. mag. 2506. Lam.
ill. t. 286. f. 4. Vaccinium hispidulum, Wangh. amer. t. 30.
f. 67. Vaccinium oxycoccus /3, oblongifolius, Michx. fl.
amer. bor. 1. p. 228. Points of young leaves, peduncles, and
the margins of the calyx and bracteas downy. Berries spheri-
cal, red, often remaining throughout the winter. This is a
larger and more robust plant than the preceding. Several
flowers come forth at the ends of the last year’s branches, sur-
mounted by the shoots of the present year. The bracteas are
situated in the upper part of the pedicels in this, while in the
preceding they are situated at the lower part. The berries are
larger, and of a brighter red than the last, and are collected in
great abundance for making tarts in America, and exported from
thence to Europe ; but they always prove here far inferior in
quality to the Russian cranberries, however excellent in Ame-
rica. The best way of having American cranberries in Europe
is by cultivation in an artificial bog, with great plenty of water,
as first contrived by Sir Joseph Banks. A very few square
yards of ground thus employed will yield as many cranberries
as any family can use. If allowed to hang until they are full
ripe, as late as October, they are even better than the common
cranberry, and may be kept dry in bottles throughout the year.
Our wild cranberries have generally been gathered too early ;
as may also be the case with those brought from America.
“ Wherever there is a pond,” Mr. Neill observes, “ the margin
may, at a trifling expence, be fitted up for the culture of this
plant, and it will continue productive for many years. All that
is necessary is to drive in a few stakes 2 or 3 feet within the
margin of the pond, and to place some old boards within these,
so as to prevent the soil of the cranberry-bed from falling into
the water ; and lay a parcel of small stones or rubbish in the
bottom, and over it peat or bog earth, to the depth of about 3
inches above and 7 inches below the surface of the water. In
such a situation the plants grow readily ; and if a few be put in
they entirely cover the bed in the course of a year or two, by
means of their long runners, which take root at different points.
From a very small space a large quantity of cranberries may be
gathered ; and they prove a remarkable regular crop, scarcely
affected by the state of the weather, and not subject to the
attack of insects.
Large-fruited or American Cranberry. Fl. May, July. Clt.
1760. Shrub creeping.
3 O. ere'ctus (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 264.) leaves oval,
acuminated, serrulated and ciliated ; pedicels axillary ; corolla
before expansion long and conical, at length revolute ; stem
erect, . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, on the high
mountains. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 31. Vaccinium erythro-
carpum, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 227. Branches flexuous.
Leaves membranous, somewhat hairy. Flowers red. Berries
scarlet, (black, ex Wats,) and quite transparent, of an exquisite
taste. Very different in habit from the other species.
Erect Cranberry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. Shrub 2 feet.
Cult. When any of the species are grown for the sake of
their berries, they should be planted in an artificial bog, as men-
tioned under O. macrocarpus. But when grown only for hav-
ing a specimen of the plants, they will grow well in pots filled
with peat and sand, having sphagnum set round their roots :
the pots should be well drained with sherds, and set in deep
pans of water.
LIV. GAYLUSSA'CIA (named after L. Gay-Lussac, a
celebrated French physician, and member of the Academy of
Sciences, Paris). Humb. Bonpl. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3.
p. 275. t. 257. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 528.
Lussacia, Spreng. — Thibaudia species, Humb.
Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx 5-cleft.
Corolla tubular, ventricose at the base ; limb 5-toothed. Sta-
mens 1 0, inserted in the limb of the calyx, inclosed ; anthers
mutic, drawn out from the top into 2 little tubes. Style erect ;
stigma depressedly capitate. Drupe nearly globose, clothed by
the calyx, 10-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds lenticular, smooth.
— Evergreen or deciduous shrubs. Leaves scattered, coriaceous,
each terminated by a mucrone or gland. Racemes axillary,
approximate. Flowers scarlet, bracteate. Very nearly allied to
Thibaudia, but very distinct.
* Corollas urceolate, or cylindrical.
1 G. BuxiroLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 276.
ERICACEAE. LIV. Gaylussacia.
859
t. 257.) young branchlets hispid; leaves elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, rounded at both ends, terminated by a depressed brown
gland, pilosely pubescent on both surfaces with minute scattered
glands beneath, toothed at the apex ; racemes axillary and ap-
proximate at the tops of the branches ; flowers and fruit downy,
b . S. Native near Caraccas, on Mount Avila, and near Santa
Fe de Bogota. Corollas scarlet. Calycine segments ovate,
acute.
Box-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
2 G. imbrica'ta (Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 40. t. 126.) leaves im-
bricated, oval-elliptic, minutely crenated at the apex, terminated
by a callous mucrone ; calyx and corolla glabrous ; bracteas of
2 forms, linear-lanceolate and oblong acute. b • G. Native of
Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, at Rio Tejucco, on the
mountains. G. buxifolia, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. vol. 1.
p. 528. but not of H. B. et Kunth. Leaves permanent, clothed
with yellow down on the nerves beneath. Racemes many-flow-
ered, 2 inches long, downy. Flowers scarlet or crimson.
Imbricated- leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub 2 feet.
3 G. pu'lchra (Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 41. t. 127.) leaves
oblong-elliptic, quite entire, with revolute edges, each terminated
by a short callous mucrone, glabrous above, but pilose on the
nerves and veins beneath, as well as the calyxes ; corollas gla-
brous ; bracteas of two forms, linear and oblong, acute. b . G.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, by way-
sides about Arrayal St. Joao Baptista. Stem branched, hoary.
Branches leafy, glabrous, floriferous at the tops. Leaves deci-
duous, remote, green above and yellowish-green beneath, 1|
inches long and 8 lines broad. Racemes loose.
Fair Gaylussacia. Shrub 2 feet.
4 G. depe'ndens; branchlets angular, downy ; leaves ovate,
mucronate, cinereous ; flowers axillary, aggregate ; teeth of
calyx ovate, acute. b . G. Native of Peru. Vaccinium
dependens, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Leaves an inch
long.
Dependent Gaylussacia. Shrub.
5 G. microphy'lla ; branchlets pilose, terete; leaves ovate,
acuminated, striated beneath ; flowers solitary, nearly sessile ;
calycine teeth ovate, acute. b . G. Native of Peru. Leaves
hardly more than a line and a half long. Flowers scarlet, (v. s.
in herb. Lamb.).
Small-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
6 G. crena'ta (D. Don, mss. in herb. Lamb.) branchlets
terete, downy ; leaves oblong, acute, crenated ; flowers aggre-
gate ; calycine teeth ovate, acute. b . G. Native of Peru.
Leaves half an inch long. Flowers scarlet.
Crenated- leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
7 G. rugosa (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 534.)
branches hispid ; leaves oblong, retuse, rugose, with revolute
margins, scabrous above and hairy beneath, furnished with 2-3
short teeth on each side; racemes secund, drooping, 8-10-flovv-
ered, beset with glandular hairs ; corollas tubularly urceolate,
hairy on the angles and at the tops of the segments ; young leaves
beset with pili, which are tipped with black glands, f? . G. Na-
tive of Brazil, without the tropic. Filaments ciliated. Calycine
teeth narrow, acuminated.
Rugose Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
8 G. rhodode'ndron (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p.
533.) branches hispid ; leaves nearly glabrous, elliptic, nar-
rowed at the base ; petioles pruinose, obsoletely serrated towards
the apex ; racemes lateral, secund, drooping ; corollas cylindri-
cal. b • G. Native of Brazil, within the tropic. Racemes
terminal, or nearly so, and axillary. Flowers dense, secund.
Pedicels hispid. Calycine segments short, elliptic, obtuse, cili-
ated. Corollas pilose or smoothish.
Rhododendron Gaylussacia. Shrub.
9 G. pseu'do-vaccinium (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1.
p. 530.) glabrous or downy ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate ; racemes
terminal, aggregate ; corollas cylindrical ; ovarium glabrous,
b . G. Native of Brazil, within the tropic, in open sandy places ;
near Caravellos Freireis. Vaccinium Brasiliensis, Spreng. nov.
prov. p. 42. syst. 2. p. 212. Leaves obsoletely serrated to-
wards the top, with a few ciliae at the base of the younger leaves.
Racemes axillary, erect, secund, bracteate, of a fine crimson colour,
as well as the corollas, which are cylindrically urceolate ; calycine
teeth roundish, acuminated. There are glabrous and downy
varieties of this species.
False-vaccinium Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
10 G. myrtifolia (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 8. p. 494.)
leaves obovate-lanceolate, acute, terminated by an obtuse callous
point, with serrulated reflexed margins, an inch long ; racemes
crimson, usually solitary, nearly terminal, erect, exceeding in
leaves; calycine segments short, ovate, acuminated, b- G. Na-
tive of Brazil, within the tropic. Corolla tubular, ventricose.
Young branches pilose. Young leaves ciliated. Leaves yellowish
beneath, pilose on the petiole and midrib.
Myrtle-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
11 G. salicifolia (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 532.)
quite glabrous and pruinose ; leaves oblong, lanceolate, with ad-
pressed serratures towards the apex ; flowers 1-4 together, from
the axils of the younger leaves ; pedicels filiform, short, droop-
ing, bractless ; corolla cylindrical, plicate, with obtuse reflexed
segments, b • G. Native of Brazil, within the tropic. Flowers
not seen. Calycine teeth broad from the base, acuminated.
Willow-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
12 G. lanceola'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 861.) stem parasitical ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, reti-
culately veined, and triple-nerved beneath ; racemes axillary,
simple, and are, as well as the calyxes, tomentose ; pedicels tri-
bracteate at the base. b • G. Native of Java, on trees on the
mountains. Anthers biaristate on the back, beneath the apex.
Stigma truncate, simple. Capsule 10-celled; cells 1 -seeded.
Lanceolate- leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
13 G. de'nsa (Cham, in Linnaea. 8. p. 490.) leaves rather in-
conspicuously and bluntly crenulated in front, and terminating
in an erect mucrone ; inflorescence crimson ; calycine segments
triangular ; stamens glabrous. b • G. Native of Brazil,
within the tropic. Branches, petioles, and rachi canescent from
down, with the nerves and margin densely ciliated, as well as
the bracteas and calyxes. Corolla glabrous, rarely pilose on
the nerves.
Var. (3 ; branchlets, rachi, and petioles, downy from shorter
hairs ; bracteas and calyxes ciliated ; nerves and veins of
leaves prominent beneath, b • G.
Far. y ; leaves coriaceous, having the nerves and veins hardly
conspicuous beneath, quite glabrous in the adult state.
Dense-flowered Gaylussacia. Shrub.
14 G. myrtilloides (Cham, in Linnaea. 8. p. 498.) leaves
sharply serrated in front, ending in a straight mucrone ; caly-
cine segments lanceolate, length of the corolla ; filaments cili-
ated, length of anthers, b • G. Native of Brazil, within the
tropic. Branchlets, petioles, rachi, pedicels, and ovaries, beset
with long spreading white hairs. Inflorescence crimson, glandu-
liferous. Leaves having the margins and nerves beneath pilose
in the young state. Bracteas and calyxes pectinately ciliated.
Corollas glabrous.
Myrtle-like Gaylussacia. Shrub.
15 G. pa'llida (Cham, in Linnaea. vol. 8. p. 499.) branches
marked by cicatrices occasioned by the falling of the leaves ;
leaves nearly sessile, quite entire, usually acute, terminating
5 r 2
860
ERICACEAE. LIV. Gaylussacia. LV. Thibaudia.
each in an inflexed white mucrone ; flowers pale, clothed with
glandular down ; bracteas foliaceous, green, length of flowers ;
bracteoles somewhat foliaceous, lanceolate, situated under the
calyxes ; calycine segments lanceolate, about a third the length
of the corolla ; filaments villous, about a fourth the length of the
anthers. . S. Native of Brazil, within the tropic.
Pale-Jlomered Gaylussacia. Shrub.
10 G. angustifoeia (Cham, in Linnaea. 8. p. 499.) branches,
petioles, inflorescence, and calyxes downy ; leaves coriaceous,
linear-lanceolate, narrowed into the short petioles at the base,
ending each in a callous acute point, with reflexed inconspicu-
ously serrulated edges, shining above and rufescent beneath ; ra-
cemes axillary, nearly terminal, erect, exceeding the leaves ;
lower bracteas foliaceous : superior ones coloured ; calycine seg-
ments ovate, acuminated, or acutely triangular, and are, as well
as the bracteas, ciliated ; corollas cylindrical, downy on the
nerves ; filaments villous, shorter than the anthers. T? . S.
Native of equinoxial Brazil. Inflorescence coloured.
Narrow-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub.
17 G. pinifolia (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 536.
and 8. p. 500.) quite glabrous and pruinose ; leaves linear, acute
at both ends, crenated ; peduncles axillary, I -3-flowered, fur-
nished with small glandularly serrated bracteas ; corolla ureeo-
late, with short erect teeth. ^ • S. Native of equinoxial Brazil.
The young leaves at the tops of the branches and flowers are
crimson. Calycine teeth ovate, acuminated, cuspidate, with
glandularly ciliated edges.
Pine-leaved Gaylussacia. Shrub \ to 1 foot.
* * Corollas campanulate.
18 G. pseu'do-gaulthe'ria (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1.
p. 535.) branches straight, hispid ; leaves narrow'-elliptic, sub-
cordate, scabrous on both surfaces, obsoletely serrulated towards
the top ; racemes axillary and terminal at the tops of the
branches, approximate, secund, erect, hispid, bracteate. T? . S.
Native of Brazil, within the tropic. Stems rising from the root,
biennial or triennial, about a foot high, branched. Flowers
white, hardly crimson. Corollas campanulate, with hairy an-
gles. Calycine teeth narrow, lanceolate. Ovarium hairy, glan-
dular.
False Gaultheria Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 foot.
19 G. decipiens (Cham, in Linnaea. 8. p. 500.) branches
hairy ; leaves coriaceous, elliptic, obtuse, attenuated at the base,
obsoletely crenated towards the apex ; racemes from the axils
of the ultimate leaves, secund, erect ; calycine teeth triangular,
acuminated ; corolla campanulate, pilose on the angles, with
erect triangular teeth. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, within the
tropic. G. buxifolia, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 528.
but not of H. B. et Kunth. Leaves glabrous above, but pubes-
cent on the nerves beneath. Corollas white, campanulate, not
scarlet. This species has been referred to G. imbricdta by
Fold, but it differs from it in the flowers being campanulate and
white, not scarlet.
Deceiving Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 to 1-^ foot.
20 G. amce'na (Cham, in Linnaea. 8. p. 501.) branches,
petioles, and inflorescence downy ; calyxes glabrous, but are, as
well as the bracteas, ciliated with glandular hairs ; leaves on
very short petioles, ending each in a callous mucrone, serrulated
in front, with reflexed margins covered with resinous dots be-
neath, having the veins and nerves prominent beneath ; racemes
nearly terminal, erect, elongated ; calycine segments ovate, acu-
minated ; corolla campanulate, glabrous, filaments ciliated, half
the length of the anthers ; bracteas foliaceous. • G. Native
of Brazil, within the tropic. Flowers white.
Var. a ; leaves obovate-cuneated, rounded.
Far. ; leaves narrower, blunt at the base, acuter at the
apex, oblong or lanceolate.
Pleasant Gaylussacia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
21 G. inca'na (Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p. 536.) clothed with
hoary tomentum ; leaves oblong, with revolute margins, quite
entire ; racemes axillary and terminal, approximate at the tops
of the branches, secund, erect ; corollas campanulate, downy.
T? . G. Native of Brazil, within the tropic. Leaves cinereous
above and white beneath. Calycine teeth lanceolate. Corolla
downy, as well as the filaments.
Hoary Gaylussacia. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Agarisla, p. 838.
All the species are extremely elegant when in blossom, and are
therefore very desirable plants in every collection.
LV. THIBAU DIA (named after Thiebaut de Berneaud,
secretary of the Linnaean Society of Paris ; author of several
botanical memoirs). Pav. mss. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
amer. 3. p. 268. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. vol. 4. ined. — Cavinium
Aub. du Pet. Th.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolar ; limb
5-lobed. Corolla tubular, coarctate at the apex and 5-toothed.
Stamens 10, inclosed; filaments very short, dilated; anthers
2-cel!ed, shortly spurred at the base, drawn out into two tubes
at the apex ; cells or tubes parallel, dehiscing lengthwise by a
linear fissure. Ovarium 5-celled. Style pentagonal. Stigma
ample, peltate. Berry 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds
minute, angular, dotted. — Shrubs. Natives of Peru. Leaves
evergreen, coriaceous, quite entire, nerved. Flowers drooping,
bracteate, disposed in lateral corymbose racemes.
1 T. bractea'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 388. ined).
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 5-nerved ; bracteas large,
permanent, coriaceous, 2-lobed ; anthers spurred at the base,
b • S. Native of Peru. Branches angular, glabrous. Leaves
rounded at the base, 2-3 inches long, petiolate. Flowers dis-
posed in terminal thyrsoid corymbs at the tops of the branches.
Corollas scarlet, nearly an inch long. Bracteas imbricated.
Filaments bearded at the apex.
Bracteate Thibaudia. Shrub.
2 T. mellifera (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 387. f. b.) branches
terete, downy ; leaves oblong, obtuse, feather-nerved, acute at
the base ; flowers axillary, corymbose, bractless ; limb of calyx
nearly entire ; corollas short, b . S. Native of Peru. Leaves
2-3 inches long, on short petioles, glabrous. Bracteas small.
Peduncles downy. Limb of calyx obsoletely 5-lobed. Fila-
ments glabrous.
Honey-bearing Thibaudia. Shrub.
3 T. punctatifoli a (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 387. f. a.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, 5-nerved, rounded at the base,
dotted beneath ; calyx bluntly 5-lobed ; racemes elongated,
nodding ; bracteas large, oblong, mucronate, adpressed ; corollas
ventricose ; filaments glabrous, f? . S. Native of Peru. Leaves
a hand long, glabrous. Petioles short, robust. Branchlets an-
gular. Racemes a span long, many-flowered. Flowers droop-
ing. Corolla ventricose, an inch long.
Dotted-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
4 T. coarcta'ta (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 385.) branchlets angu-
lar, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, 5-nerved, rounded
at the base ; flowers aggregate ; bracteas 2-lobed, roundish,
coriaceous ; calycine teeth acute ; filaments glabrous. . S.
Native of Peru. T. bicolor, Dunal. in herb. Lamb. Leaves 3-4
inches long, marked with white veins above. Flowers peduncu-
ERICACEAE. LV. Thibaudia.
861
late, subcorymbose, 5-10 together, drooping. Berries large.
Corolla 1^ inch long.
Coarctale-f\ owered Thibaudia. Shrub.
5 T. cauliala'ta (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 386.) branchlets angu-
lar ; leaves nearly sessile, cordate-oblong, obtuse, denticulated;
racemes few-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, acuminated ; caly-
cine teeth short, acute ; filaments glabrous. 1? . S. Native of
Peru. Leaves 4 inches long, feather-nerved. Bracteas perma-
nent, lanceolate, coriaceous. Corolla an inch long.
Wing-stemmed Thibaudia. Shrub.
6 T. elliptica (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 384. f. b.) branchlets
angular ; leaves elliptic-oblong, with revolute margins ; flowers
aggregate ; calycine teeth acutish, very short. f? . S. Native
of Peru. Leaves 3 inches long, attenuated at the base, on short
petioles, feather-nerved. Peduncles half an inch long.
Elliptic -leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
7 T. emargina'ta (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 384. f. a.) branch-
lets terete, glabrous ; leaves obovate, emarginate, bristly be-
neath ; flowers solitary ; calyx obsoletely 5-toothed ; corollas
conical ; filaments glabrous, f? • S. Native of Peru. Leaves
l-g- inch long, 3-nerved, acute at the base. Corolla ventri-
cose, 3 lines long. Flowers pendulous. Peduncles glabrous.
Emarginate-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
8 T. floribund a (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 269.
t. 254.) branchlets terete, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acumi-
nated, reticulately veined, glabrous, as well as the inflorescence ;
racemes axillary, solitary ; bracteas imbricated ; filaments gla-
brous. I? . S. Native of New Grenada, near Santa Fe de Bo-
gota. Leaves 5 inches long. Calycine teeth ovate, acute.
Corolla ventricose, scarlet.
Bundle-Jlowered Thibaudia. Shrub.
9 T. LONGiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branchlets pentagonal,
glabrous ; leaves long-lanceolate, acuminated, obtuse at the
base, reticulately triple and quintuple-nerved, and are, as well
as the calyxes and corollas, glabrous. fj . G. Native of the
Andes, about Quindiu, near La Seja. Leaves 6-7 inches long.
Racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves. Flowers size and
structure of those of the preceding species.
Long-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
10 T. falca'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branchlets terete, gla-
brous, fuscescent ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, falcate at the
apex, acute at the base, reticulately quintuple-nerved, and are,
as well as the calyx and corollas, glabrous. Pj . S. Native of
New Granada, near Almaguer. Leaves 8 inches long. Ra-
cemes axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves.
Falcate -leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
11 T. macrophy'lla (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 270.) branchlets
terete, glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, rounded
at the base, reticulately quintuple-nerved, and are, as well as
the calyx and corollas, glabrous. 1? . S. Native on the Andes,
about Popayan, near Pindamon and Palace. Leaves on short
petioles, 8-9 inches long. Racemes axillary, solitary, nearly
sessile, 3 or 4 times shorter than the leaves. Corollas large,
tubular, white, but red and ventricose below. Calycine teeth
short, acute.
Long-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub 10 feet.
12 T. rupe'stris (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 270.) branchlets
downy, striated a little ; leaves lanceolate, bluntish, acute at the
base, reticulately veined, glabrous above and downy beneath,
especially on the nerves ; calyxes glabrous. Tj • S. Native of
New Granada, in Paramo de Saragura, near Loxa and Alto de
Pulla. Leaves 3 inches long. Racemes axillary. Fruit nearly
globose, about the size of those of Prunus spindsa.
Rock Thibaudia. Shrub.
13 T. nitida (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 271.) branchlets trigo-
nal, ? glabrous, fuscescent ; leaves oblong, obtuse, rounded at
the base, somewhat quintuple-nerved, shining, and are, as well
as the calyxes and corollas, glabrous. . S. Native on the
eastern declivities of the Andes, about Quindiu, between Que-
brada de Tochecito and La Seja. Leaves on short petioles, 4
inches long, beset with minute dots beneath. Racemes axillary,
solitary, almost sessile, 2 inches long, involucrated by large
roundish-ovate, obtuse, concave, coloured bracteas at the base.
Shining- leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
14 T. cordifolia (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 271. t. 255.)
branchlets furrowed, resinous, shining ; leaves ovate, cordate,
obtuse, quintuple or septuple-nerved, shining above, and are, as
well as the calyxes, glabrous ; corollas downy. Tj . G. Native
of New Granada, on the Andes. Bracteas oblong, obtuse,
coloured, concave. Calycine teeth ovate, acute. Corolla tubu-
lar, ventricose. Racemes axillary at the tops of the branches,
solitary, sessile, hardly longer than the leaves. Filaments gla-
brous.
Heart-leaved Thibaudia. Shrub.
15 T. melastomoides (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 272.) branch-
lets terete, smooth, brown, glabrous ; leaves oblong, short-acu-
minated, rounded at the base, rather cordate, reticulately quin-
tuple-nerved, and are, as well as the calyxes and corollas, gla-
brous. . G. Native along with the preceding. Leaves
having minute scattered dots beneath, 3 inches long, and an inch
broad. Racemes axillary, solitary, sessile, shorter than the
leaves, covered with the imbricated bracteas before expansion.
Bracteas oblong, concave, rounded at the apex.
Melastoma-like Thibaudia. Shrub.
16 T. strobuufera (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 272.) branch-
lets downy, obsoletely angular ; leaves oblong, acuminated,
rounded at the base, reticulately triple or quintuple-nerved, and
are, as well as the calyxes and corollas, glabrous. Pj . G. Na-
tive of New Granada, in frigid places, between Rio Uduchapa
and Paramo de Saraguru, near Loxa. Leaves beset with black
dots beneath, reticulately 3-5-nerved, 2^ inches long. Racemes
axillary, solitary, sessile, shorter than the leaves, strobile
formed before expansion. Bracteas at the base of the pedicels,
oblong, rounded and ciliated at top. Corolla tubular, ventri-
cose at the base, red. Calycine teeth short, ovate, acute. Fila-
ments ciliated.
Strobile-bearing Thibaudia. Shrub.
17 T. scabrii/scula (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 272.) branches
terete, roughish ; branchlets angular, downy, fuscous ; leaves
oblong, acuminated, rounded and subcordate at the base,
roughish from dots above, downy on the nerves beneath, and
beset with minute black dots between the nerves ; branchlets,
calyxes, and corollas downy. • G. Native about Quindiu,
on the Andes. Inflorescence like that of the preceding spe-
cies.
Roughish Thibaudia. Shrub.
18 T. pube'scens (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 273.) climbing:
branchlets trigonal, hairy ; leaves oblong, or oblong-elliptic,
acuminated, rounded at the base, reticulately quintuple or sep-
tuple-nerved, glabrous above, but downy beneath, as well as the
calyxes and corollas. Pj • S. Native near Caraccas, on
Mount Avila, between Puerta de la Silla and El Pexual : also
of New Granada, near Ibague and Boca del Monte. Branches
red. Leaves 5 inches long and 2 broad. Racemes axillary,
solitary, sessile, covered by the bracteas before expansion, 1 to
li inch long. Corolla whitish-red. Calyxes with ovate-oblong,
obtuse, spreading teeth. Filaments glabrous.
Downy Thibaudia. Shrub climbing.
19 T. Quere'me (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 274. t. 256.)
branchlets terete, glabrous, brown ; leaves oval-elliptic, acumi-
862
ERICACEAE. LV. Thibaudia. LVI. Agapetes.
nated, acute at the base, reticulately quintuple-nerved ; branches,
calyxes, and corollas glabrous. Fj . S. Native of South Ame-
rica, in the province of Choco, in one place near the town of
Cali, towards Cerro de San Antonio, where it is called Quereme
de Cali. Leaves 3 or 3-| inches long. Pedicels tribracteate at
the base, red. Corollas tubular, ventricose at the base, red.
Calycine teeth ovate, acute, short. The flowers, bracteas, and
wood, are very sweet scented when dried, and which scent is
easily communicated to water, spirits, or wine. Spirits of wine
saturated with this aroma smells like cloves, and is useful in
mitigating tooth-ache.
Quereme Thibaudia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
20 T. ardislefolia (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 274.) branches
terete, glabrous ; leaves opposite, sessile, oblong, obtuse, sub-
cordate, reticulately nerved, and are, as well as the branches,
calyxes, and corollas, glabrous. Fj . S. Native of New Gre-
nada, near Fusagaruga, in woody places. Leaves 3 ^ inches
long, with diaphanous edges. Racemes axillary, sessile, soli-
tary, pendulous, girded by small imbricated bracteas at the
base. Corollas cylindrically tubular, scarlet, with a white limb.
Calycine teeth ovate, acute, ciliated.
Ardisia-leaved Thibaudia. Tree 16 to 20 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Agarista, p. 838.
Extremely elegant shrubs when in blossom.
LVI. AGAPETES (from ayaTijroe, agapetos, beloved ;
in reference to the plants being showy). D. Don, mss, in
herb. Lamb. Thibaudia species, Wall and Blume. Ceratos-
tema species, Roxb,
Lin. syst. Decandria Monogy'nia. Limb of calyx 5-cleft.
Corolla tubular; limb 5-cleft. Stamens 10; filaments very
short, flattened ; anthers mutic, very long, furnished at the base
with a short thick appendage, exserted, emarginate at the
apex ; cells of anthers confluent, filiform, glabrous. Stigma
clavate. Ovarium 5-celled. Berry 5-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds angular. — Evergreen shrubs, natives of the East Indies.
Leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, with denticulated margins.
Flowers corymbose and racemose, rarely almost solitary. Co-
rollas scarlet.
§ 1 . Corollas tubular.
1 A. setigera (D. Don, in herb. Lin. soc.) leaves scattered,
lanceolate, petiolate, acuminated, obtuse at the base ; flowers
disposed in racemose corymbs ; peduncles and calyxes hispid ;
filaments bearded ; anthers bifid ; segments of corolla ovate-
oblong. Fj . G. Native of the East Indies, on the Pundua
mountains. Thibaudia setigera, Wall. cat. no. 752. Leaves
about 4 inches long, on very short robust petioles, obsoletely
denticulated. Flowers numerous, in lateral and terminal co-
rymbose racemes, furnished with bristly hairs. Corolla about
an inch long.
Bristle-bearing Agapetes. Shrub.
2 A. verticilla'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves verticillate, lanceo-
late, acuminated, finely denticulated, acute at the base ; flowers
corymbose ; peduncles and calyxes hispid ; corolla glabrous,
with short blunt lobes ; filaments nearly smooth ; anthers bifid.
Fj G. Native of the East Indies, on the Pundua mountains.
Thibaudia verticillata, Wall. cat. no. 753. Leaves on very short
petioles, disposed in interrupted verticillate fascicles. Corolla
scarcely an inch long. Stigma almost simple.
Whorled- leaved Agapetes. Shrub.
3 A. loranthiflora (D. Don. 1. c.) leaves sessile, lanceolate,
bluntly acuminated, quite entire ; flowers generally solitary ;
segments of the corolla elongated ; anthers emarginate at the
apex; filaments and corollas smoothish. Fj • G. Native of the
East Indies. Thibaudia loranthifolia, Wall. cat. no. 754.
Leaves 3 inches long, cuneate-lanceolate. Calyx with ovate
acute teeth, and is, as well as the peduncles, rather bristly.
Segments of corolla ovate at the base.
Loranihus-Jlomered Agapetes. Shrub.
4 A. variega'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves on short petioles, lan-
ceolate, acuminated, denticulated, attenuated at the base, veiny ;
flowers lateral, corymbose ; segments of corolla lanceolate, re-
volute; filaments bearded; anthers bifid. Fj . G. Native of
the East Indies, on the Pundua mountains. Thibaudia varie-
gata, Wall cat. no- 751. Leaves 6 inches long. Peduncles and
calyx glabrous. Corolla glabrous, an inch long.
Variegated Agapetes. Shrub.
$ 2. Corollas short, ovate.
5 A. acumina'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves petiolate, lanceolate,
long-acuminated, toothed ; flowers copious, corymbose, lateral.
Fj . G. Native of Silhet. Thibaudia acuminata, Wall. cat. no.
6297. Leaves a span long. Calycine segments ovate, mucronate.
Calyx and peduncles finely downy.
Acuminated- leaved Agapetes. Shrub.
6 A. Sprenge'lii ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, denticulated, attenuated at the base, woolly ; flowers
racemose, glabrous ; peduncles glabrous ; calycine segments
ovate, denticulated; filaments downy; anthers bifid. . G.
Native of the East Indies. Thibaudia Spreng&lii, Wall. cat.
no. 6298. Leaves 3 inches long. Flowers drooping, from 5 to
7 in a cluster. Corolla ovate-oblong, about 2 lines long.
Sprengel's Agapetes. Shrub.
7 A. serra'ta ; leaves verticillate, petiolate, lanceolate, acu-
minated, serrated, attenuated at the base ; flowers racemose,
pendulous, and are, as well as the filaments, glabrous : branch-
lets chaffy. F? . G. Native of the East Indies. Thibaudia
serrata, Wall. cat. no. 6299. Leaves 2 inches long, on very short
foot stalks. Calycine teeth very short, mucronate. Corolla
ovate-oblong, 2 lines long.
Serrated- leaved Agapetes. Shrub.
8 A. symplocifolia (D. Don, 1. c.) branchlets downy; leaves
ovate, mucronate, serrulated ; flowers and calyxes downy ; caly-
cine segments rounded, mucronulate ; filaments bearded. F^ .
G. Native of the East Indies. Andromeda symplocifolia,
Wall. cat. no. 1522. Corolla a line long.
Symplocos-leaved Agapetes. Shrub.
9 A. elliptic a ; stem parasitical ; leaves elliptic-oblong,
acutish at both ends, biglandular at the base, coriaceous, veiny,
glabrous ; racemes secund, finely tomentose. F? . G. Native
of Java, on Mount Salak, upon trees. Thibaudia elliptica,
Blum, bijdr. p. 859.
Elliptic- leaved Agapetes. FI. Year. Shrub parasitical.
10 A. floribi/nda ; leaves elliptic -oblong, acuminated at
both ends, coriaceous, glabrous, veiny; calyxes ciliated. I ?.
G. Native of Java, on the tops of the mountains, where it is
called Prut by the natives. Thibaudia floribunda, Blum, bijdr.
1. c.
Bundle-Jlonered Agapetes. Shrub.
1 1 A. laurifolia ; stem parasitical ; leaves cuneated-oblong,
bluntish, coriaceous, glabrous, almost veinless ; racemes gla-
brous. F? . G. Native of Java, on the top of Mount Buran-
grang, upon trees. Thibaudia laurifolia, Blum. 1. c.
Laurel-leaved Agapetes. Shrub parasitical.
12 A. varinglefolia ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish
coriaceous, glabrous, nearly veinless ; racemes leafy, and are, as
1
ERICACEAE. LVI. Agapetes. LVII. Ceratostema. LVIII. Pyrola.
863
well as the calyxes, downy. Tj . G. Native of Java, on Mount
Gede, where it is called by the natives Jatigie-betul. Thibaudia
varingiaefolia, Blum, bijdr. p. 860.
Varingia-leuved Agapetes. FI. Year. Shrub.
13 A. lu'cida ; stem sometimes parasitical; leaves small,
obovate, rather retuse, with recurved margins, coriaceous, gla-
brous, a little veined ; racemes, calyxes, and corollas downy.
. G. Native of Java, in the higher woods. Thibaudia
litcida, Blum. 1. c.
Shining Agapetes. FI. Year. Shrub parasitical.
14 A. coria'cea ; stem parasitical ; leaves elliptic or oblong-
lanceolate, much acuminated, coriaceous, somewhat 3-nerved,
and are, as well as the racemes, calyxes, and corollas, glabrous.
Tj . G. Native of Java, on the mountains, upon trees, where it
is called Kilogiday by the natives. Thibaudia coriacea, Blum.
1. c.
Coriaceous-\edL\ed Agapetes. Shrub parasitical.
15 A. cuneifolia ; leaves cuneiform, obtuse, sometimes re-
tuse, with recurved margins, coriaceous, nearly veinless, and are,
as well as the racemes and calyxes, glabrous. . G. Native
of Java, on the higher mountains, in woods. Thibaudia cunei-
folia, Blum, bijdr. p. 861.
Wedge-leaved Agapetes. FI. Year. Shrub.
16 A. myrtoidea ; branchlets downy ; leaves ovate-elliptic,
bluntish, with recurved margins, coriaceous, nearly veinless,
downy on both surfaces at the midrib ; racemes glabrous. Ij ■
S. Native of the Moluccas, on the tops of the burning moun-
tains. Thibaudia myrtoidea, Blum, bijdr. 861.
Myrtle-like Agapetes. Shrub.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Agarista , p. 838.
LVII. CERATOSTE'MA (from Kepaq, fceras, a horn, and
orriyuv, stemon, a stamen ; in reference to the anthers being
bluntly spurred at the base). Juss. gen. p. 163. Ruiz et lJav.
fl. per et Chil. vol. 4. ined.
Lin. syst. Decandria Monogynia. Limb of calyx large, 5-
parted, foliaceous. Corolla tubular, coarctate at the apex, 5-lobed.
Stamens 12 ; filaments very short. Anthers bluntly spurred at
the base ; cells elongated at the apex, filiform, almost wholly
free, dehiscing by a terminal pore each. Stigma simple, obtuse.
Berry 5-celled, many-seeded. Seeds small, angular. — Evergreen
shrubs, natives of Peru. Leaves oblong, on short petioles, almost
veinless, coriaceous, rounded and subcordate at the base. Flow-
ers almost sessile, lateral and terminal, pedunculate. Corollas
large, scarlet.
1 C. grandiflora (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 383. f. b.)
branchlets and peduncles downy ; leaves lanceolate or ovate,
usually mucronate ; calycine segments acuminated ; corollas
longer than the peduncles. J? . G. Native of Peru. Leaves
an inch or an inch and a half long, obtuse.
Great-Jlomered Ceratostema. Shrub.
2 C. hirsu'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 383. f. a. ined.)
branchlets and peduncles downy ; leaves ovate-oblong, ob-
tuse ; calycine segments ovate, mucronate, reticulated ; corollas
about equal in length to the peduncles. b . G. Native of
Peru. C. cordifolia, Dunal, in herb. Lamb. Leaves 1-| inch
long.
Hairy Ceratostema. Shrub.
Cult. See Agarista, p. 838, for culture and propagation. —
Elegant shrubs, worth cultivating in every collection.
Tribe IV.
PYRO'LEiE (this tribe only contains the genus Pyrola ). D.
Don, in edinb. phil.journ. 17. p. 152. Anthers 2-celled. Ova-
rium free. Hypogynous disk naked. Seeds peltate, samaroid.
Embryo dicotyledonous. Plants leafy, terrestrial.
LVIII. PYRO'LA (a diminutive of Pyrus, a pear-tree ;
resemblance in the leaves). Lin. gen. no. 554. Tourn. inst.
t. 134. Juss. gen. 161. Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 303. t. 63. D.
Don, in werm. mem. 5. p. 224.
Lin. syst. Decandria Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
5. Stamens 10. Anthers dehiscing at the base by 2 holes.
Stigma 5-lobed. Capsule 5-celled ; valves connected by fine
intricate tomentum. Placentas lunate, with simple lobes. Cells
many-seeded. Seeds narrow, scobiform, winged at both ends.
Embryo transverse. Humble evergreen herbs with wide creep-
ing roots. Leaves petiolate, alternate, smooth, and usually
shining, coriaceous, crenulated, toothed or serrated. Scapes
erect, furnished with a few scales, usually triquetrous or quad-
rangular, convolute. Flowers pedicellate, bracteate, pendulous,
globose or campanulate, white or red, disposed in terminal
racemes. All the Pyrolce are possessed of strong astringent
qualities, and were formerly much esteemed for supposed heal-
ing properties ; they are now wholly disused.
§ 1. Stamens ascending. Style declinate, longer than the
petals : stigma annular. Scapes erect. Flowers campanulate ,
pendulous, racemose, scattered, rarely somewhat secund.
1 P. rotundifolia (Lin. spec. 567.) leaves roundish, quite
entire or crenulated, shorter than the dilated petioles ; scape tri-
quetrous ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; stigma clavate,
bluntly 5-toothed. 7(. H. Native of Asia, Europe, and North
America, in old woods, in stony or sandy soil. In Britain, in
dry heathy woods, but rare ; in the north of England and High-
lands of Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. 213. exclusive of the syn.
of fl. dan. Lam. ill. t. 367. f. 1. P. grandiflora, Radd. diss.
p. 27. t. 3. f. 2. — Riv. mon. t. 137. and 136. f. 2. — Mor. ox.
sect. 12. t. 10. f. 1. Leaves numerous. Scapes furnished with
2-3 lanceolate-acute scales. Racemes 10-16-flowered. Pedi-
cles secund, rather remote, scattered. Flowers rather large,
milk-white.
Round-leaved Winter-green. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI.
foot.
2 P. asarifolia (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 251.) leaves re-
niform, coriaceous, repandly crenated, twice shorter than the
dilated petioles ; scapes acutely triquetrous ; racemes many-
flowered ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, adpressed ;
stigma clavate, with an elongated 5-lobed disk. . H. Na-
tive of Canada, in pine woods ; and on the mountains of Penn-
sylvania, in beech woods. Leaves numerous. Scapes fur-
nished with a few scarious convolute scales. Racemes elon-
gated. Pedicels remote, scattered. Flowers greenish-white or
yellowish-green, about the size of those of the preceding.
Asarum-leaved Winter-green. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810.
PI. foot.
3 P. chlora'ntha (Swartz, in Stockh. trans. 1810. t. 5.
Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 273.) leaves orbicular, retuse, obsoletely
crenulated, twice shorter than the narrow petioles ; raceme
few-flowered; calycine segments very short, obtuse; petals
oblong ; openings of anthers tubular ; stigma clavate, with an
elongated 5-lobed disk. If. H. Native of Sweden and Upper
Canada. Lodd. bot. cab. 1542. P. convoluta, Bart. prod. fl. phil.
p. 50. P. asarifolia, Rad. diss. p. 23. t. 4. f. 1. exclusive of the
synonyme of Michaux. P. rotundifolia, /?, nummularia, Muhl.
cat. P. minor, Pursh. mss. and perhaps of fl. amer. sept.
1. p. 299. Scapes tetragonal, furnished only with one minute
scale in the middle. Pedicels curved, scattered. Flowers cam-
864
ERICACEAE. LVIII. Pyrola.
panulate, about the size of those of P. clliptica, greenish-white,
pendulous.
Green-jlorvered Winter-green. FI. June, July. Clt. 1818.
PI. foot.
4 P. occidenta'lis (R. Br. mss. in herb. Banks, ex D.
Don, in wern. mem. 5. p. 232.) leaves roundish, membranous,
obsoletely denticulated, twice longer than the simple pe-
tioles ; racemes few-flowered ; calycine segments oblong, ob-
tuse ; disk of stigma 5-lobed. If.H. Native of Sledge Island,
on the north-west coast of America, where it was collected by
D. Nelson. Leaves numerous, one-half smaller than those of
P. minor. Scapes triquetrous. Pedicels equal in length to the
bracteas. Flowers globose, pendulous, milk-coloured, size of
those of P. rotundifo'lia.
Western Winter-green. PI. 4 foot.
5 P. elliptica (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 273.) leaves elliptic or
ovate, membranous, serrulated, longer than the dilated petioles ;
racemes few-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, subulate, recurved at
top ; calycine segments very short, ending each in a recurved
mucrone ; petals oval ; stigma clavate, with an elevated 5-lobed
disk. If . H. Native of both Canadas, in woods ; and around
Philadelphia; and in the woods of New Jersey. Rad. diss. p.
81. t. 5. f. 1. P. ovalifolia, Pursh, mss. in herb. Lamb.
Scapes acutely triquetrous, furnished with a solitary scarious
scale near the base. Pedicels scattered, distant. Flowers cam-
panulate, white, with a grateful smell, smaller than those of P.
rotundifolia.
Elliptic- leaved Winter-green. FI. June, July. Clt. 1818.
PI. £ foot.
6 P. denta'ta (Smith in Rees’ cycl. D. Don in wern. mem.
5. p. 235.) leaves cuneate-oblong, coriaceous, acute at the base,
twice as much longer than the narrow petioles, having the margin
remotely toothed or quite entire ; racemes elongated, few-flow-
ered, rather secund ; petals oval ; disk of stigma elongated, 5-
lobed. If. H. Native of the Island of Nootka, on the north-
west coast of America, where it was collected by Mr. Menzies.
Leaves crowded. Scapes angular, naked. Racemes drooping
at the apex, secund. Flowers campanulate, drooping, milk-
white.
Toothed- leaved Winter-green. PI. 1 foot.
7 P. pIcta (Smith in Rees, cycl. D. Don in wern. mem. 5.
p. 235.) leaves ovate, mucronulated, coriaceous, somewhat ser-
rated, equal to the narrow petioles in length, red beneath, but
dark green, and marked along the veins with whitish bands
above ; racemes many-flowered ; petals roundish : stigma cla-
vate, with a 5-lobed disk. If. H. Native of the Island of
Nootka, on the north-west coast of America; and of Japan,
near the town of Nagasaki. Scapes acutely triquetrous,
reddish, never convolute, furnished with scarious scales.
Pedicels scattered. Flowers globosely campanulate, pendulous,
white.
Painted-]ea.\ed Winter-green. PI. \ foot.
8 P. aphy'ela (Smith in Rees’ cycl. D. Don in wern. mem.
5. p. 237.) leafless; scape angular, furnished with numerous
scales at the base; racemes many-flowered, rather secund;
calycine segments ovate, acute, crenulated ; petals roundish ;
disk of stigma elongated, 5-crenated. If. H. Native of
Nootka Island, on the north-west coast of America, where it
was collected by Mr. Menzies. Scapes numerous. Flowers
globose, pendulous, milk-white. This remarkable species, al-
though wholly destitute of leaves, is not, strictly speaking, leaf-
less ; their place is supplied by a kind of foliaceous scales, of
a greenish colour. In some of the fine specimens preserved in
the Banksian herbarium, an approach to leaves may be distinctly
observed.
Leafless Winter-green. PI. \ foot.
§ 2. Stamens erect , bent towards the pistillum. Style de-
cimate, longer than the petals. Stigmas without a ring. Scapes
erect. Flowers racemose, globose, pendulous, scattered, never
secund.
9 P. me'dia (Swartz, in act. holm. 1804. p. 257. t. 7. Smith,
engl. bot. t. 1945.) leaves orbicular or roundish-oval, crenu-
lated, coriaceous, equal in length to the dilated petioles ; scapes
spiral, acutely triquetrous ; racemes many-flowered ; calycine
segments ovate, acute; stigma capitate, bluntly 5-lobed/ 1/.
H. Native of Sweden, Scotland, and the north of England,
among bushes and in woods ; very common in Scotland, espe-
cially in mountainous districts. Radd. diss. p. 21. t. 3. P.
rotundifolia, FI. dan. t. 110. — Blackw. 594. Huds. angl.
p. 175. Lightf. scot. 1. p. 218. With. brit. 1. p. 408. — Riv.
mon. 138. Leaves numerous. Pedicels scattered. Flowers
pendulous, white tinged with red, much larger than those of
P. minor.
Intermediate Winter-green. FI. June, July. Britain. PI. I
foot.
§ 3. Stamens erect. Style straight; stigma exannulated,
or without a ring. Scapes erect. Flowers pendulous, race-
mose.
10 P. minor (Lin. spec. 567.) leaves roundish or oval, coria-
ceous, repandly crenulated, longer than the petioles, which are
dilated ; racemes spicate ; bracteas much longer than the pedi-
cels ; calycine segments very short ; style inclosed ; stigma flat-
tish, 5-lobed. If. H. Native of the colder parts of Europe,
and the north of Asia, on heaths, in bushy places, and in woods ;
in Britain, in mossy woods and thickets, in mountainous situa-
tions ; in Yorkshire, and common in many parts of Durham ;
woods near Brodie House, and at the Falls of Clyde, and many
other places of Scotland. FI. dan. t. 55. Smith, engl. bot.
158. Rad. diss. p. 15. t. 1. P. rosea, Smith, engl. bot.
2543. Rad. diss. p. 18. t. 2. P. rotundifolia, Pall. ind. taur.
— Gmel. sib. 4. p. 128. no. 16. t. 56. f. 1. — Riv. mon. t.
136. f. 1. Leaves numerous, mucronulated at the apex.
Scapes quadrangular, furnished with a lanceolate membranous
scale in the middle. Racemes spicate, dense. Flowers glo-
bose, witli a contracted mouth, white tinged with red. A
variety of this species has been gathered in the Island of Una-
laschka.
Smaller Winter-green. FI. June, July. Britain. PI. to
3 foot.
11 P. secu'nda (Lin. spec. 567.) leaves ovate, acute, mem-
branous, sharply serrated, longer than the narrow petioles ; ra-
ceme secund or unilateral ; calycine segments rounded ; petals
oblong; style exserted ; stigma flattish, 5-lobed. If. H. Na-
tive of Europe, Asia ; and North America, from Canada to
New Jersey; among bushes and in alpine woods, particularly
in dry, mossy, pine woods ; in Britain, in mossy alpine
woods; in Yorkshire; in many fir or birch woods in Scot-
land ; on the hill of Dunnairn ; in Darway forest, near Brodie
House. FI. dan. t. 402. Smith, engl. bot. t. 517. — Gmel.
sib. 4. p. 129. t. 56. f. 2. Riv. mon. t. 138. f. 2. — Mor.
hist. 1. sect. 12. t. 10. f. 4. Stems rather woody. Leaves
mucronulate. Peduncles bluntly angular. Racemes elongated,
many-flowered. Flowers campanulate, white, tinged with pale
green.
AccMnrf-flowered Winter-green. FI. June, July. Britain.
PI. 4 to 4 foot.
ERICACEAE. LIX. Chimaphila. LX. Moneses. LXI. Cladothamnus.
865
Cult. All the species of Winter-green are very pretty
when in blossom, but are extremely difficult to cultivate in
gardens. They grow best in a sandy or gravelly soil, in a
shady situation. They should be mulched with moss, and a
hand-glass placed over them. They may be increased by
division.
LIX. CHIMAPHILA (from x£liua> cheima , winter, and
, phileo, to love ; the plants are green in winter).
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 300. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 274.
— Chimaza, R. Br. in herb. Banks — Pyrola species, Lin. and
others.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 143. a.)
Petals 5, at length reflexed (f. 143. b.) Stamens 10 ; anthers de-
hiscing at the base by 2 holes ; filaments stipitate ; stipes discoid,
ciliated. Style very short, immersed in the germ. Stigma
annular, orbicular, (f. 143. d.), with a 5-lobed disk. Capsules
5-celled, opening from the summit; margins of valves desti-
tute of tomentum ; cells many-seeded. Seeds narrow, scobi-
form, winged at both ends. Embryo transverse. — Evergreen
suffruticose plants, with creeping roots. Leaves lanceolate, ser-
rated, verticillate. Scapes naked. Flowers corymbose, white.
1 C. corymbosa (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 300.) leaves
cuneate-lanceolate, serrated, 4-5 in a whorl ; peduncles pubes-
cent, bearing a 5-6-flowered corymb at top ; bracteas linear-
subulate ; appendages of filaments ciliated ; style immersed.
T? . H. Native of Europe, Asia, and North America, from
Canada to Carolina, in sandy and gravelly woods. Pyrola um-
bellata, Lin. spec. 408. Sims, bot. mag. 7781. Chimaza um-
bellata, R. Br. in herb. Banks. — Riv. pent. t. 139. f. 2. — Mor.
hist. 3. sect. 12. t. 10. f. 5. Root creeping. Plant evergreen,
frutescent. Leaves green on both surfaces, acutely and dis-
tantly serrated from the middle to the apex. Flowers corym-
bose, pendulous, at length erectish, greenish-white, tinged with
red. Anthers purplish.
Umbellate-d owered Winter-green. Fl. June. Clt. 1752.
PI. to foot.
2 C. macula ta (Pursh. fl.
amer. sept. 1. p. 300. Nutt,
gen. amer. 1. p. 275.) leaves
lanceolate, acute, with white
bands on the upper surface
along the nerve and veins, op-
posite, or 4 in a whorl ; pedun-
cles downy, bearing a 2-3-flow-
ered corymb at the apex; brac-
teoles linear ; appendages of
filaments woolly ; style very
short. 1? . H. Native of North
America, from Canada to Caro-
lina, in sandy or gravelly woods ;
also on the north-west coast.
Pyrola maculata, Lin. spec.
568. Sims, bot. mag. 897.
Chim&za maculata, R. Br. in
herb. Banks. — Pluk. mant. 157. t. 349. f. 4. Plant suffru-
tescent, evergreen. Root creeping. Stem procumbent at base
and ascending at apex. Lower surface of leaves red. Pedi-
cels and calyxes red, clothed with clammy down. Flowers
pendulous, white. Anthers yellow. This plant is in high
esteem for its medicinal qualities among the Indians ; they call
it sip-si-serva. Mr. Pursh tells us, that he has witnessed the
beneficial effects of a decoction of this plant in a very severe
case of hysterics ; and he says it is a plant eminently de-
serving the attention of physicians. We are also informed
VOL. III.
FIG. 143.
that its decoction has proved very serviceable in scrofulous
diseases.
SpottedAeaved Winter-green. Fl. June. Clt. 1752. PI.
dec. 3 to 4 inches long.
3 C. Menzie'sii (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 317.) leaves alternate,
or 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, discoloured ;
peduncles 2-flowered, glabrous ; bracteas broad-roundish ; ca-
lycine segments elliptic, acute ; style distinct. Ij . H. Native
of the north-west coast of America, where it was collected by
Mr. Menzies. Pyrola Menzi&sii, R. Br. in herb. Banks ex
D. Don, in wern. mem. 5. p. 245. Plant suflrutescent, ever-
green. Root creeping. Stems ascending, red. Pedicels gla-
brous. Flowers pendulous, white. Leaves deep green above
and red beneath. This species has a striking resemblance to
P. maculata.
Menzies' Winter-green. Plant ascending, 2 to 3 inches
long.
Cult. See Pyrola , for culture and propagation, above.
FIG. 144.
LX. MONE'SES (from yovo c, monos, alone ; flowers solitary
on the tops of the scapes). Sal. mss. in Gray, brit. arrang. 2.
p. 403. Pyrola uniflora, of authors.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 144. a.)
Corolla 5-lobed (f. 144. £>.) Stamens 10, inclinate. Anthers
dehiscing at the base by two holes; cells of anthers elongated and
tubular. Stigma 5-toothed (f. 144. f.) Capsule 5-celled ; valves
dehiscing from the apex, destitute of tomentum. — An herb
with a creeping root. Leaves orbicular, 3 in a whorl, coria-
ceous, serrated. Scapes 1 -flowered. Pedicels bracteate. Flowers
white.
1 M. GRAN DIFLORA (Sal. UlSS.
in Gray, brit. arrang. 2. p.
403.) flowers solitary, at the top
of the scape ; cells of anthers
elongated and tubular ; stigma
acutely 5-toothed ; leaves orbi-
cular, serrated. %. H. Na-
tive of Europe, Asia, and North
America, in alpine mossy woods;
in Britain, in alpine woods and
by the sides of trickling rills ; in
the western islands of Harris
and Borneras : in a fir wood near
Brodie House, by Forres. Py-
rola uniflora, Lin. spec. 568. Fl.
dan. t. 8. Smith, engl. bot. t.
146. — Moris, hist. 3. p. 505.
sect. 1?. t. 10. f. 2. — Riv. mon.
t. 139. f. 1. Leaves 3, rarely 4 in a whorl, longer than the
dilated petioles. Scape furnished with an ovate scale above
the middle. Flowers large, solitary, drooping, white, very
sweet-scented. Stamens recumbent.
Great-Jlowered Winter-green. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. \
to 3 foot.
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Pyrola, above.
LXI. CLADOTHA'MNUS (from icXatloe, klados, a
branch, and dagvoc, thamnos, a shrub). Bongard, in mem.
acad. petersb. 2. p. 155. t. 1. — Pyrola fruticosa, Escholz.
mss.
Lin. syst. Decdndria Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
5. Stamens 10. Anthers wholly adnate, dehiscing by 2 pores
at the apex. Stigma globose, somewhat 5-lobed. Capsule
globose, 5-valved, rarely 6-valved, and 5, rarely 6-celled.
5 S
866
ERICACEAE. LXI. Cladothamnus. LXII. Hypopitys. LXIII. Monotropa. LXIV. Pterospora.
Margins of the valves septiferous. Placenta 5-lobed ; lobes
roundish. Seeds numerous, small, involved in membranous
aril. — A much branched shrub. Leaves sessile, entire, elliptic
or oblong, glabrous, but when young finely ciliated, glauces-
cent beneath, 1| inch long and 5 lines broad. Flowers axillary,
solitary.
1 C. pyroliflorus (Bongard, 1. c). b • H. Native of the
north-west coast of America, and of the Island of Sitcha.
Pyrola-Jlowered Cladothamnus. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Cult. For culture and propagation see Azhlea, p. 851.
Tribe V.
MONOTRO'PEAi (this tribe contains plants agreeing with
Monotropa in many important characters). D. Don, in edinb.
phil. journ. 17. p. 152. Anthers 1-celled. Ovarium free.
Hypogynous disk naked. Seeds peltate. Embryo undivided.
— Leafless parasitical herb.
LXII. HYPO'PITYS (from i nvo, hupo, under; and ttitvq,
pitys, a pine-tree ; the species are parasitical on the roots of
pine-trees). Dill. gen. 7. Nutt. gen. amer 1. p. 270. — Mo-
notropa species, Lin. and others. — Orobanchoides, Tourn. mem.
acad. 170.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 3 to 5-parted.
Corolla permanent, so deeply 4-5-cleft as to appear of 4-5
petals ; each segment with a cucullate nectariferous base. Sta-
mens 8-10. Anthers small, horizontal, with 2 obtuse horns at
their base, at length opening flat. Stigma orbicular, with a
bearded margin. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds very nu-
merous, minute, girded by a narrow wing or membrane. —
Parasitical upon the roots of trees destitute of proper leaves
and verdure. Roots composed of dense imbricating scales.
Stems or scapes aggregate, simple, furnished with alternate
scales. Flowers racemose, pedicellate. Raceme bent at first,
but at length erect.— Scent of the whole plant musky. — Habit
of Orobanche.
1 H. Europe' a (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 271.) scape spike-
flowered ; scales and flowers glabrous outside ; lateral flowers
octandrous. 1/. H. Native of many parts of Europe, as
Sweden, Denmark, France, Italy, Britain, &c., in woods,
where the ground is covered with rotten leaves, at the roots
of fir, beech, and oak. In North America, from Canada to
Pennsylvania, at the roots of beech and other trees, in shady
moist places. With us, in Oxfordshire, in Stoken Church
woods, and between Nettle-bed and Henley, Bedfordshire,
Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, frequent ; Maidstone in Kent ;
Tring in Hertfordshire ; in the beech woods of Sussex ; in
Selbourn-hanger, Hampshire; Riley in Gloucestershire; En-
ville in Staffordshire ; Shottesham and Stoke in Norfolk ; in
Scotland, but not common. Monotropa Hypopitys, Lin. spec.
555. Smith, engl. bot. t. 69. FI. dan. t. 232. Hipopitys
multiflora, Scop. earn. no. 178. Dill. gies. 99. append. 134. t.
7. — Mentz. pug. 3. f. 5.— Pluk. phyt. t. 209. f. 5. — Mor. hist.
3. sect. 12. t. 16. f. 20. The whole plant has a pale yellow or
brownish yellow appearance ; the American one is much smaller
than the European one. In Sweden it is given dry to sheep
that are affected with cough.
European Yellow Bird’s-nest, FI. June, July. Britain.
PI. § foot.
2 H. hypophe'gea ; raceme few-flowered; petals glabrous,
jagged, about equal in length to the style, which is quite gla-
brous. %. H. Native of Europe, in beech woods. Mono-
tropa hypophegea, Wallr. sched. Monotropa hypoxya, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 317.
Beech Yellow Bird’s-nest. PI. A foot.
3 H. lanuginosa (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 271.) scapes spike-
flowered ; bracteas and flowers woolly. 1£. H. Native of
North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in similar places
to the preceding. Monotropa lanuginbsa, Michx. fl. bor. amer.
2. p. 266. The whole plant is of a light tan colour, downy in
every part. Segments of calyx inconstant in number.
Woolly Yellow Bird’-nest. PI. -J- foot.
Cult. The species are not cultivatable.
LXIII. MONO'TROPA (from povoq, monos, one ; and
Tpo7re(i), tropeo, to turn ; flowers turned one way). Nutt. gen.
amer. 271. — Monotropa species, Lin. gen. no. 536. Juss.
gen. 430.
Lin. syst. Decandria Monogynia. Calyx none. Corolla
permanent, so deeply 5-parted as to appear 5-petalled; each
segment with a cucullate nectariferous base. Stamens 10 ; an-
thers reniform, horizontal, with 2 obtuse horns at their base,
emitting the pollen near the middle by 2 transverse chinks.
Stigma orbicular, naked. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds
numerous, minute, surrounded by a wing. — Parasitical plants,
mostly upon the roots of trees, destitute of proper leaves and
verdure. Root roundish, composed of an agglomeration of
intricate succulent fibres, producing many 1 -flowered scaly
scapes or stems. Flowers at first nutant. Plants white and
smooth, destitute of the musky odour of Hypopitys, but
having a nauseous lileaceous scent when bruised. Habit of
Orobanche.
1 M. Morisonia'na (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 266.) scapes
elongated, very straight, 1 -flowered, furnished with distant
scales; flower erect. 1/. H. Native of Virginia and Caro-
lina, in shady woods, parasitical on the roots of trees. — Mor.
hist. 3. sect. 12. t. 16. f. 5. Flowers larger than in the follow-
ing species, frequently with 12 stamens.
Morison’s White Bird’s-nest. PI. \ foot.
2 M. uniflora (Lin. spec. 555.) scape short, thick, 1 -flow-
ered, furnished with approximate scales ; flowers drooping.
1£. H. Native from New York to Carolina, parasitical on the
roots of trees, in shady moist places. Hook. exot. fl. t. 85.
— Pluk. aim. t. 209. f. 2. Catesb. car. 1. t. 36.
One-Jlorvered White Bird’s-nest. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824.
PI. \ foot.
Cult. The species are not cultivatable.
LXIV. PTEROSPORA (from rrrtpov, pteron, a wing,
and inropa, spora, a seed ; the seeds are surrounded by a mem-
branous margin or wing). Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 269. Lindl.
coll, with a figure.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
rolla ovate, with a 5-toothed reflexed border. Stamens 10.
Anthers excentrically peltate, 2-celled, adnate to the filaments
by the margin, bisetose at the base. Capsule 5-celled, imper-
fectly 5-valved ; dissepiments and valves united towards the
base, and joined with the central axis. Placenta 5-lobed.
Seeds very numerous and minute, each furnished with a termi-
nal wing. — An evanescent annual plant, destitute of verdure,
with the habit of Monotropa, to which it is nearly allied. Leaves
none. Stem simple, racemose. Flowers numerous, scattered,
reddish, resembling those of some species o i Andromeda. Pe-
duncles rather long, 1 -flowered, drooping.
1 P. andromeda (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 27.) ©. H. Na-
tive of Upper Canada, near the Falls of Niagara, in clay soils;
banks of Seneca lake ; and near Albany, in the state of New
13
ERICACEAE. LXIV. Pterospora. LXV. Schweinitzia.
867
York. Plant covered with brownish viscid hairs. Stems
brownish red or purple, furnished with lanceolate scales at the
base. Peduncles filiform, nutant. Corollas white, with a red
border.
Andromeda- flowered Pterospora. FI. July. PI. 1 to 2
feet.
Cult. The plant is not cultivatable.
XXXVIII. SCHWEINFTZIA (named after the Rev.
Schweinitz, author of a monograph of the American species of the
genus Carex, published in Annals of the Lyceum of New
York). Ell. fl. car. vol. 2. Nutt. gen. amer. addend.
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-leaved ; segments
concave, equal with the corolla. Corolla campanulate, with a
5-cleft border, and a 5-cleft nectarium at the base of the corolla.
Stamens 10. Anthers adnate to the filaments, 1-celled, opening
from the inverted base by 2 naked pores. Stigma subglobose,
closed, internally 5-cleft. Capsule 5-celled. ? Seeds ? A
small, herbaceous, and probably parasitical plant, destitute of
proper leaves and verdure. Scapes scaly. Flowers terminal,
aggregate, sessile, bracteate ; bracteas large.
1 S. Carolinia'na (Ell. fl. car. vol. 2.) ©. H. Native
of North Carolina, in rich shady woods. Flowers sweet-
scented, reddish-white.
Carolina Schweinitzia. Fl. Feb. March. PI. \ foot.
Cult. The plant is not cultivatable.
end or VOL. III.
GILBERT & RIVINGTON, PRINTERS
st. John’s square.
'
/
'
.
mm