*

MUSEUM CATALOGUE.

I

CATALOGUE

OF THE

COLLECTIONS IN THE MUSEUM

OF THE

COMPILED BY

E. M. HOLMES, F.L.S.,

Curator of the Museum.

PRINTED FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OP

GREAT BRITAIN,
17, BLOOMSBURY SQUARE.

1878.

mcrrkL gollsoe of i»HY»>ciANa'

!*L)U1.<.,- I
DATfc

Biitier * Tanner,
T/i« Seluiood Printing WorTcs,
Frome, and London.

PREFACE.

The collections in tlys museum represent to a certain extent
the history of pharmacy in this country for the last thirty years.
Many of the specimens are those which have at different pe-
riods served to illustrate papers in the Pharmaceutical Journal.
To those papers references have been given, and at the same
time attention has been directed to works where fuller in-
formation may be obtained, preference having been given to
such works as are in the Society's library, and easy of access
to students.

Of several of the works quoted, more than one edition
exists; the following are the particular editions to which
references have been made : —
Attfield : " Chemistry," 4th edition, 1872.
Bentley : '^Manual of Botany,^' 3rd edition, 1873.
Cooley : " Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts," 5th edition, 1 872.
Dana: "Mineralogy," 5th edition, 1868.
Fownes: " Chemistry," 11th edition, 1873.
''Histoire des Drogues," 6th edition, 1869-1870.
" Histoire des Drogues," 7th edition, 1876 (quoted in Collection

of Animal Materia Medica only).
King: "American Dispensatory," 8th edition, 1872.
Pereira : ^'Materia Medica," 4th edition, 1854-1857.
Pomet : "History of Drugs," 3rd edition, 1737.
"Treasury of Botany," new edition, 1874.
Ure: "Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines" 6tb
edition, 1872. ^ "

Wood and Bache: " United States Dispensatory," 11th edition,
References have been made to a collection of old English

VI PREFACE.

drugs, to one of Chinese drugs, and to the Hanbury Collection,
with a view to point out that there are in them other similar
specimens which possess a certain degree of interest. Of these
collections, which include drugs not official in any pharma-
copoeia, from China, India, Australia, South America, the Cape
of Good Hope, Western Africa, and Morocco, it is intended to
publish a catalogue hereafter in the form of an appendix.

Throughout the catalogue short notes have been appended
for the guidance of students in their examination of the
specimens, to extend the interest of the collection, and to
stimulate further research.

The arrangement of the natural orders in the Materia
Medica portion of the Museum is that adopted in Bentley^s
''Manual of Botany.''

The names printed in italics and inclosed in parentheses
are the common or vernacular names of the specimens or of
the plants from which they are derived.

In the Chemical portion of the catalogue the specimens are
for facility of reference arranged in the following groups : —

INORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

Non-metallic elements.
Monad Metals.
Dyad
Triad

Tetrad Metals.
Pentad „
Hexad ,,

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

Hydrocarbons.

Alcohols and Ethers.

Carbohydrates.

Aldehydes.

Ketones.

Acids.

Alkaloids.
Amides.

Oxidation products of Uric

Acid.
Colouring Principles.
Compounds derived from

Artificial Bases. i the Animal Kingdom

PREFACE. Vll

The collection of Animal Materia Medica has been arranged
according to the classification generally accepted in this
country; the arrangement of isinglass and galls is necessarily
somewhat imperfect, the sources of several varieties being at
present very obscure.

The collection of Minerals has been arranged in the same
manner as the inorganic compounds in the chemical col-
lection, in order to admit of easy reference by those who are
studying chemistry.

It will be observed that some interesting and valuable
specimens are without the donor's name or their own history
information with regard to these is much needed.

The names of donors are mentioned only when the specimens
are unusually fine or of special interest.

The Curator will be glad to receive references to any papers
of value in home or foreign journals, having an immediate
bearing on those subjects in connection with which the in-
formation is at present incomplete.

It: _i
MATERIA MEfc, MUSEUM.

The Specimens marlced * in this Catalogue are under glass
shades in the Museum ; those marked f, are on the lower shelves in the
cases.

THALAMIFLORiE.

RANUN-CULACEJE.

1. AcoNiTDM Napellus, L. {Aconite, MonTishood, Wolfsbane.)

a. Root. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 24.
h. Seeds.

Note. — The fresh root has been mistaken for horseradish. P. J. [1],
vol. XV., p. 449. It is smaller than that root, dark brown, conical, and
has a numbing taste without the pungency of horseradish. See P. J .
[2] , vol. v., p. 317, for Aconella ; and P. J. [3] , vol. i., pp. 121, 382,
for alkaloids ; and Pliarmacographia, pp. 9, 10. For cultivation of plant
in England, P. J. [l],vol. x., p. 171. For fig. of- plant, etc., see Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 6 & 21.

2. AcoNiTUM rEROX, Wallich. (Jsfepaul Aconite, Bish or Bikh.)

a. Root.
6. Stem.

Note. — Eoot official in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. In appearance it
resembles Tampico Jalap, but it is more conical, is marked with the
scars of rootlets, and of the base of the stem, and is paler internally.
The principal alkaloid yielded by this root is pseudaconitine. See P. J.
[3] , vol. iv., p. 293, and for fig., P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 434 ; Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 12. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, tab. 5.

3. ACONITUM HETEROPHYLLUM, Wall.

a. Root [Atis or Atees).
Note. — Official in the Indian Pharmacopoeia as a tonic and antiperiodic.
It contains no aconitia. See Ph. Ind., p. 4. Pliarmacographia, p. 14.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Tnmen, Med. Plants, tab. 7.

4. AcTMX SPiGATA, L. (Baneherry, Herb Christopher.)

a. RMzome. For micr. section, see Fluckiger, Grundlag. Pharm.
Waar., p. 76.

Note.— The rhizome resembles that of Helleborus niger, with which it
is occasionally mixed. It is less branched than the latter, has more
numerous transverse Unes upon it, and has a cruciate meditullium.
P. J. [2] , vol. iii., p. 109. It is used in America to make a lotion for
pediculi. For fig. of Ehizome, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxxi., f. 2.

5. AcMA RACEMOSA, L. (Black Snakeroot, Bugbane, Black Cohosh.)

a. Rhizome. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 8.
2»^ote.— Official in the United States Pharmacopoeia under the name of
Cimicifuga racemosa. It is used in acute rheumatism and nervous
diseases. P. J. [2] , vol. ii., pp. 463-464. Pharmacographia, p 16.

B

2

0. CoPTis TKIFOLIA, Salish. (Gold Thread.)
a. Root.

Note. — Official in the Unitod States Pharmacopoeia. A pure bitter tonic
like calumha; probably owing its properties to berberia. Wood and Bache,
Dispens., p. 32G ; P. J. [3] , vol. i. , p. 161. Avier. Journ. Pharm., May 1873,
p. 193. For fig. of plant, see Bentlcy and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 3.

7. CoPTis Tbeta, Wall.

a. Rhizome (GojjUs, Mishmi Tito).
Note. — Official in the Indian Pharmacopceia as a tonic. In China it
is used under the name of Hwang-lien and Chuen-Ken. See Ind. Pharm.,
p. 4. Pharmacographia, p. 4. Porter Smith, Mat. Med. Chin., p. 126 (art.
Justicia). It contains 8J p. c. of Berberine.

8. Delphinium Staphisagria, L. (Stavesacre.)

a. Seeds. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 4.
h. Oil expressed from the seeds.

9. Helleborus NIGER, L. {Black Hellebore, Ghristmas Rose.)

a. Rhizome and rootlets preserved wet.
h. Rhizome.

Note.—Th.e root of Actsa spicata may be detected by its decoction
being blackened by ferric salts. Vide Actasa spicata, and P. J. [1] , vol.
xii., p. 274; Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 17. For fig. of rhizomes of H. niger,
see Goehel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxxi. , f . 1 ; and for rhizomes of H. viridis,
L. , and H. foetidus, L., pt. ii., taf. xxxii. , ff. 2, 3. For fig. of H. niger, see
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 2.

10. Hydrastis Canadensis, L. {Golden Seal, Yellow Puccoon, Yellow

Boot, Ground Easpherry.)

a. Rhizome. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. d- Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 1.
j^ote.— Official in the United States Pharmacopceia. A powerful bitter
used in atonic states of the mucous membrane. An available source of
berberia, as it contains 4 per cent, of that alkaloid. P. J. [2] , vol. iii.,
pp. 540-546 ; and [3] , vol. iii., p. 694.

11. Xanthorhiza apiifolia, Eerit. (Yellow Root.)

a. Root.

h. Ditto. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
Note.— A pure bitter tonic like calumba, and also containing berberia.
Official in the secondary Ust of the United States Pharmacopceia. P. J.
[2] , vol. iv., p. 12. Specimen h is an authentic one coUected by Professor
Asa Gray. 'Por fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 9.

MAGNOLIACE^.

12. Drimts WiNTERi, Forster. (Winter s Bark ; Pepper Baric.)

a. Bark. Presented by Mr. P. J. Hanbury.

h. Section of Trunk.
Note —The section of the trunk formerly belonged to Eobert Bvovm
The bark of Drimys Winteri, var. granatensis, sometimes appears an
the EngUsh market under the name of pepper bark. The true
Wuater's bark is known from the spiuious drug by its very rough anner
surface, by occurring in small pieces, and by being of a red-brown colour.
See Cinnamodendron, p. 17 Pharmacographia, p. 17.

3

13. Illicium anisatum, Loureiro. (Star Anise.)

a. Fruit. For micr. section, vide Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 41.

h. Essential Oil. (Oleum Badiani.)
Note. — The essential oil resides in the pericarp only. It is distin-
guished from that of aniseed by not congealing at 50^ F., but at 34° F.
PharmacograpMa, p. 20. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 10.

14. LiBIODBNDRON TULIPIFERA, L. (Ttllip Tree.)

a. Bark.

Note. — Official in the secondary list of the United States Pharma-
copoeia. It is a stimulant, tonie, and diaphoretic. It is apt to deteriorate
by keeping. Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 517.

15. Magnolia glatjca, L. (Swamp Sassafras. Beaver Tree.)

a. Bark.

Note.— It possesses simUar properties to those of Liiiodendron, and
also deteriorates by keeping. JVood and Bache, Dispens., p. 528.

16. Magnolia tripetala, L. (Umbrella Tree.)

a. Fruit.

Note. — The fruit is interesting on account of the very long stalk or
funiculus by which the seed remains suspended for some time after the
fruit has dehisced. Treas. Bot., p. 710.

17. Tasmannia aromatica, J?. 5r. (Australian Pepper.)

a. Fruit.

Note.— Used in New Holland as a substitute for pepper. Treas. Bot.,
p. 1125. P. J. [IJ , vol. XV., p. 115.

ANONACE^.

18. MoNODORA Myristica, Gaert.

a. Fruit.

Note. — The seeds are known as Jamaica, American, or Calabash
nutmegs, and possess the properties and in some degree the flavour of
nutmegs. Treas. Bot., p. 752.

19. Xtlopia ^thiopica, A. Rich. (Habzelia.)

a. Fruit. (Ethiopian Pepper.)

h. Fruit, preserved -wet.
Note.— Used by the natives of "West Africa as an aromatic stimulant
and also as an anthelmintic. P. J. [1] , vol, xiv., p. 112. For figure, see
Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 736, 1869.

20. Xylopia glabra, L. (The Bitter Wood of the West Indies.)

a. Wood,

Note.— The wood possesses tonic properties. Treas. Bot., p. 1242.

MENISPERMACE^.

21. Abdta rufescens, Auhlet. (White Pareira Brava, Parreira Brava

Grande, Ahutua.)
a. Root and stem,
i- Flat specimen of the root.
Note.-This may be known from the genuine Pareira Brava by the

4

21. AiBUTA RUFESCENS (continued).

medullary rays being white and large in proportion to the porous woody
tissue. Iodine turns a decoction of the root bright blue, ' Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 29.

22. Anamirta Coccdlus, Wight Sf Arnott ; Anamirta Paniculata,

ColebrooJce. (Goccuhos Indicus.)
a. Fruit.

Note. — The fruit resembles bayberries in appearance, but is known by
being slightly depressed on one side and by the crescent-shaped seed.
iPicrotoxin is contained in the kernel ; menispermia in the shell. For
Detection of Picrotoxin, P. J. [3] , vol. v., p. 567. For fig. of plant, see
Bentley and Trimen, Bled. Plants, tah. 14.

23. CissAMPELOs Pareira, Lam.

a. Root. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
Note. — This root is distinguished from that of Chondodendron by hav-
ing only one woody zone, and by not being larger round than the
forefinger. For fig. see P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 102. For fig. of plant, see
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 15.

24. Chondodendron tomentosum, B. et P. (Pareira Brava, Butua.)

* a. Specimen of leaves, stem, root, and fruit, mounted in a
glass case. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
I. Fruit, preserved wet. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.

c. Root.

Note. — This specimen (c) originally belonged to Pereira, and is the one
from which the description given in his work is partly taken. Pereira,
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 671. For fig. of fruit, see P. J. [3] , vol. iv.,
p. 83. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 11.

d. Root. A very large specimen.

e. Ditto. A commercial specimen.

]<[ote. — Specimen e shows well the dark colour and transverse ridges
characteristic of the true Pareira Brava. For fig. of the root, see P. J. [3],
vol. iv., p. 102. Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xiii., fig. 1.

Iodine gives a bluish black colour with decoction of the root.

/. Stem.

g. Ditto. A commercial specimen.

Specimen / is a portion of prostrate stem, with root on its lower
surface. Specimen g exhibits the paler coloured bark, and the numerous
» small warts on the exterior, which, together with the absence of trans-
verse ridges and the presence of Hchens, always distinguish the stem
from the root. It is less bitter than the root. P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 911.
For micr. structure of the stem, see P. J. [3], vol. vi., p. 702.

h. Common false Pareira Brava.

JYoie.— This specimen consists of the stem of an unknown plant. It
is characterised by having an excentric pith, and only one perfect zone
of wood, all the others being mcomplete. For fig. see P. J. [3], vol. iv.,
p. 108. . ^ ^, .

Iodine does not give a blue colour with the aqueous decoction of this

stem.

5

24 Chondobendron tomentosum (continued).
i. Inert false Pareira Bi-ava.
Note. — This specimen also consists of the stem of an unknown plant.
It is distinguished from specimen li by the pith being in the centi'e, by the
woody zone being complete, by the absence of bitterness. The exterior
of the stem is not dark, is not marked with transverse ridges, and is not
cracked. See Pharmacographia, p. 27.

j. Yellow Pareira Brava.
Note. — This specimen has numerous concentric zones of wood, but is at
once distinguished by its yellow colour. See Pharmacographia, p. 30.

25. CosoiNiuM PENESTRATUM, Golehr.

a. Root, imported as Calumba Wood.
h. Transverse slices of do.
Note. — It possesses similar properties to Calumba, and like it contains
berberia. It is sold in the bazaars of S. India under the name of Mara-
j\Iunjil. In Ceylon it is called Woniwal and Bangwell-zetta. P. J. [1] ,
vol. X., p. 321; [1] , vol. xii., pp. 185, 188. Ind. Pharm., p. 10.

26. Jateorrhiza Calumba, Miers, and J. MiERSir, Oliv.

Note. — Hanbury considers these two species to be identical, and unites"
them imder the name of J. palmata, Miers. Vide Pharmacographia,
p. 22. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 13.

a. Sections of root. Presented by Mr. Ward.
I. Ditto. Sliced and dried in England. Presented by
Mr. D. Hanbnry.

c. Larger sections.

d. A commercial specimen.

Jv^oic— Specimen a was obtained from a plant cultivated in the Mau-
ritius in 1887. J. Miersii, Oliver, is the J. palmata, Miers, of the United
States Pharmacopoeia. Vide Bryonia, Frasera, Coscinium; for micr.
section. Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 10. For fig of root, see Goehel und Kunze,
pt. ii., taf. v., fig. 5, h, c.

27. Menispermum Canadensb, Torreij 8f Gray. (Telloiv Far ilia, Moon

Seed, Vine Maple.)
a. Root.

2^oie.— This root was at one time offered for sale in Philadelphia as
Texan Sarsapai-illa. It is a bitter tonic, and contains berberine. Ame-
rican Dispensatory, p. 522. For micr. section of the root, see Amer. Journ.
Pharm., 1855, p. 7.

28. Tinospora cordifolia, Miers.

a. Root and stem. (Gulancha.)
Note.-Omaial in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. Used as a tonic and
restorative. See Lid. Pharm., p. 9. Pharmacographia, p. 32. See
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 12.

BERBERIDACEiE.

20. BeRBERIS LyCIUM, Boyh ; B. ArisTATA, D. C. ; B. ASIATICA,

Boxh. (Indian Barberry.)
a. Bark.

6

29. Berberis Lycium (continued).

h. Extract of the bark. (Rusot.)
Note. — The root bark is official in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. The
Eusot, or watery extract, is used in India as a febrifuge and as an
application to the eyes. Ind. Pharm., p. 12. P. J. [1], vol. iii., p. 415;
vol. xiii., p. 413. P. J. [2] , vol. vii., p. 303. Fharmacographia, p. 33.
For fig. of B. aristata, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 16.

30. Cadlophtllum thalictroides, Mich.

a. Rhizome. {Blue Cohosh, Squaw Root.)
Note. — It is used in America as a uterine tonic by the Eclectic prac-
titioners and in domestic practice. P. J. [2] , vol. iv., p. 52.

31. Jeffersonia diphtlla, Pers. (Twin Leaf.)

a. Rhizome. (Rheumatism Root.)
Note. — Used by the Eclectics as a stimulant and diaphoretic in rheu-
matism and syphilitic affections. The leaf offers an instance of the
binate form, hence its name of " twin leaf." P. J. [2] , vol. iv., p. 104.
Avierican Dispens., p. 459.

32. Podophyllum peltatum, L. (May A])ple, Wild Lemon, Blade

Cohosh, Racoon Berry.)

a. A Rhizome. (American Ma/ndrahe Root.)

h. Resin ('^ Podophyllin").
P. J. [1] , vol. xviii., p. 179 ; [2] , vol. iii., pp. 331-457 ; [2] , vol. vi..
pp. 155-244 ; [3] , vol. i., p. 605 ; [3] , vol. iii., p. 161. For fig. of plant,
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 17.

NBLUMBIACE^.

33. ISTelumbium speciosum, Willd.

a. Fruit.

2{ote. — The fruit is remarkable on account of the carpels being
immersed in the thalamus." The seeds are edible, and have been sup-
posed to be the lotus beans of Egypt. Bentley, Man. Bat., p. 276, and
fig. 649. Treas. Bot., p. 781.

SARRACENIACE^.

34. Sarracenia purpurea, L. (Side-saddle floiver.)

a. Rhizome.

h. Rhizome and leaves.

c. Perfect leaves. Presented by Mr. F. H. Peck.

N'ote. The rhizome was at one time stated to be a specific for

small-pox, but was found to be useless. The leaves (c) present an
example of the ascidium, or pitcher. P. J. [2] , vol. iv., p. 294. Bentley,
Man. Bot., p. 175, fig. 383.

PAPAVERACE^.

35. Argemone Mexicana, L.

a. Seeds.

h. Oil expressed from ditto.
Note.— The oil has been recommended to be taken in the early stage
of cholera. P. J. [1] , vol. xii., p. 292 ; [1] , vol. xui., p. 642.

7

36. Papavee Rhceas, L.

a. Petals.

b. Syrup.

Note. — The petals do not contain morphia. P. J. [3] , vol. iv., p. 2y0,
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 19.

37. Papavkr somniferum, L.

a. Capsules.

b. Small capsules.

c. Ditto, showing horizontal incisions as made in Asia

Minor. See P. J. [1] , vol. xiv., p. 396 ; for fig., etc.

d. Ditto, showing vertical incisions as made in India,
Note. — These incisions are made in India by three or six pieces of

flattened wire tied together into a kind of scarificator. See P. J. [1] ,
vol. xi., p. 207, for fig. of instrument.

e. Seeds, white.

/. Ditto, black. (Maw seed.)
Note. — The maw-seed of commerce is the seed of the black variety
of the plant. The seeds of the black variety have one end larger than
the other, and are a little pointed. For micr. section, vide Berg, Anat.
Atlas, tai. A6. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med, Plants,
tab. 18.

g. Smyrna Opium. See P. J. [1] , vol.'x., p. 474 ; [1] , vol. xiv.,

p. 395.

h. Ditto, made in 1808.

i. Egyptian. Presented by Mr. Davenport.

Note. — Specimen k is an unusually good one, containing 9*66 per cent,
of morphia. It is wrapped in radiate-veined leaves, supposed to be those
of the oriental plane-tree. As now met with, it is generally wrapped in
poppy leaves. Egyptian opium is known by its reddish colour, musty
odom-, and remaining soft when kept, but it varies much in consistence
and pm-ity. See P. J. [2] , vol. iv., p. 199.

j. Constantinople Opium.
7c. Ditto.

Note. — Specimen k belongs to the small or lenticular variety, which
is not now known in commerce as a distinct kind. It belonged to Dr.
Pereii-a's collection. The larger variety, which has rumex fruits on it, and
differs only from Smyrna opium in being more mucUaginous, containing
less morphia, and occurring more fi-equently in flattened cakes, is the
variety which chiefly occm-s in English commerce. Roxjle,Mat. Med.,
p. 303 ; Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 710.

Z. Persian stick opium, or Trebizonde opinm. P. J. [2],
vol. ii., p. 270.

m. Persian opium, in conical masses, weighing about half
a pound each.

n. Ditto ditto wrapped in paper.

ATote.— Specimen m is remarkable for the quantity of oil it contains,
which gives it an odour resembling that of linseed oil. It is without
poppy leaves or rumex capsules, and is generaUy packed in a kind of

8

37. Papavkti somniferum- (continued).

chaff made of comminutod poppy leaves. It yields from 8 to 10 per cent,
of morphia. P. J. [3], vol. iii., p. 883; Pharmacographia, p. 46. P. J.
[3] , vol. vi., pp. 721, 890. Specimen n is richer in morphia than speci-
men m.

0. Indian opium.

p. Part of a ball of Patna opium, wrapped in poppy petals,

collected in the year 1837.
q. Garden Patna opium. Presented by Dr. Christison,
r. Ditto, ditto, enclosed in mica plates, with an outer

covering of wax.
s. Malwa opium. Presented by Dr. Christison.
t. Benares opium, 1837-8.
Candeish Opium.
Note. — Specimens i,j, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, and x, are from Dr. Pereira's
collection. For Indian opiums, vide P.J. [1], vol. xi., pp. 205,269,
306, 359; [3] , vol. iv., p. 652.
V. English opium.
w. Bad opium.

Note. — It has an odour like liquorice, and remains soft and sticky.
P. J. [1], vol. i., p. 91.

X. Spurious opium. Presented by Mr. Wells.
y. Smyrna opium, showing crystals said to be meconate
of morphia. Presented by Mr. Horsely.

38. Sanguinaeia Canadensis, L. (Blood Boot, Bed Puccoon.)

a. Rhizome. For fig., see Goehel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxi., fig. 3-
ji/oie. — Ofificial in the United States PharmacopcEia. It is used as a
stimulant to the liver, as an alterative, and as a local application to
fungous growths. It resembles Tormentil root in appearance, but is
not pitted externally, and has not the astringent taste of that root.
P. J. [1] , vol. xvii., p. 312 ; [2] , vol. i., p. 454 ; [2] , vol. iv., p. 263. For
fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 20.

FUMARIACE^.

39. DiCBNTEA FORMOSA. BorM. ^ Gray. {Turkey Corn, Turkey Pea,

Stagger Weed, Choice Bielytra.)
a. Tubers.
h. Leaves.

Note.—Kl?.o known under the name of Corydahs formosa. It is used
as a tonic alterative and diuretic in scrofulous and cutaneous affections,
but chiefly by the Eclectics of America. P. J. [2], vol. iv., p. 353.
Amer. Dispensatory, p. 300. For Corydalia see Jmer. Journ. Phamu,
1855, p. 205 ; 1861, p. 112.

CEUCIFER^.

40. Cardamine pratensis, L. {Cuckoo Floioer, Ladies' Smock.)

a. Flowers.

Note. — The flowers were formerly used an a diuretic and antispasmodic
in chorea and spasmodic asthma, etc.

9

41. SiNAPis ALBA, L. ; Brassica ALBA, Booh. f. {WhUe Mustard.')

a. Seeds.

h. Farina of the seed.
Note. — For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 23.

42. SiNAPis NIGRA, L. ; Brassica NIGRA, Koch. {Black Mustard.)

a. Seed.

I. Oil expressed from ditto. See P. J. [1], vol. ix., p. 81.

c. Essential oil. See P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 76.

d. Farina of the seed.

e. Genuine flour of mustard, as supplied by Messrs.

Fraser & Green.
/. A commercial sample.

g. Husks of the seed separated,
li. Mustard cake.

Note. — The last four specimens were used in illustration of Mr.
, Greeuish's paper on Mustard, and were presented by him. Vide P. J.
[3], vol. iii., p. 782; Pharmacographia, p. 61; for micr. section, vide
Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf, xlvi., fig. 124. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 22.

43. SiNAPis JTJNCEA, L. ; Brassica JUNCEA, Hoolc. f.

a. Seed. (Indian Mustard Seed, Bai, Brown Mustard Seed.)
Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
Note. — For an account of this seed see Pharmacographia, p. 64 ; Ind.
Phai~ni., p. 25.

CISTACE^.

44. CiSTUS Creticus, L. (Gum Cistus, Rock Rose.)

a. Leaves and fruit.

h. Gum Labdanum, genuine. Presented by Mr. Winstanley.

c. Ditto, in irregular masses. From Professor Guibourt.

d. Ditto, in coils. From Messrs. Horner.

Note. — Formerly used as a stimulant and expectorant, and still used
in Turkey in fumigation. P. J. [1] , vol. x., p. 349. Treas. Bot., p. 289.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, fig. 24.

BIXACE^.

45. Bixa Orellana, L.

a. Fruit.

h. Seed.

c. Roll annatto.
Note.— Amiatto is made from the coating of reddish pulp which
surrounds the seeds. P. J. [lJ,vol. x., p. 349; [2], vol. i., p. 185.
Treas. Bot, p. 146.

46. Gynocardia odorata, B. Br.

a. Seed. (Ghauhnugra Seed.)
J^ofe.— Official in the Indian Pharmacopoeia, and used in India as a
remedy for leprosy. See Ind. Pftam., pp. 26, 440 ; Pharmacographia, p. 70.
For fig, of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 28.

10

VIOLACE^.

47. loNiDiUM Ipecacuanha, L. {Woody fyecacuanha, Poaya brcmca

(Brazil), Pomja tie Praja.)

a. Root. False Brazilian Ipecacuanha.

Note.— Used as an emetic in Brazil. Tlie branched character of the
root, its pale colour, and the absence of annular rings, readily distinguish
it from Ipecacuanha. P, J. [3], vol. ii., p. 970. For fig. see Hist, des
Brog.y Tol. iii., p. 98.

48. lONiDiUM MICRO PHYLLUM, Poir. (Cuichuncully de Ouen<^a.)

a. Root.

Note. — It is used in Venezuela as a remedy for tubercular elephantiasis.
It possesses emetic and pui-gative properties. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 428.
Treas. Bot.,]). 625.

49. YlOLA ODOEATA, L.

a. Flowers.

b. Syrnp.

For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 25.

CARYOPHYLLACE^.

50. Gtpsophila Struthium, L. (Egyptian Soap Boot.)

a. Root.

Note. — It contains saponine, and is used in Spain, etc., for its detergent
properties. It looks much hke scammony root, but is not resinous.

MALYACE^.

51. ALTHiEA OFFICINALIS, L. (Marsh Mallow; Guimauve, F.)

a. Flowers.
I. Herb.

. c. Root. For micr. section, vide Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 11.

d. Ditto, preserved wet.

e. Decorticated root.

Note. — The plant may be distinguished from Malva sylvestris by its
pale pink flowers and downy leaves not cordate at the base. The root
resembles elecampane, but may be readily distinguished by the transverse
marks and fibrous structure. Its fibrous structure also distinguishes it
from belladonna, with which it has been found mixed. P.J. [3] , vol. iv.,
p. 811. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 35.

52. Abelmoschus esculbntus, G'ldll. Sj- Perr.

a. Fan made from the leaves.

b. Seeds.

c. Necklace made from the seeds.

jVote. " The fan is made from the leaves of a plant called Ahoomneha,

and the necklace of the seeds of a plant called Incroma-hom, in the Fantee
language. Presented by Mr. J. Smith, a native of the Gold Coast, and
formerly a pupil in the Laboratory, P.S.G.B." In the East and West
Indies, the young and green fruits, which are edible and are used to
thicken soiips, etc., are known under the names of Ochro, Gobbo,
Gombo, Bandikai, etc. Bentley, Man.Bot., p. 435 ; Pharmacographia, p. 86.

11

53. GossTPiDM HERBACBCM, i. (Cottou Tree.)

a. Capsules, seeds, and cotton. Bcntley, Man. Bot., p. 435.

h. Oil expressed from the seeds, P.J. [2], toL iii., p. 30;
[3] , vol. ii., p. 867.

c. Cotton-seed cake. P. [2] , vol. iii., p. 485.
Note.— The root bark is official in the United States Pharmacopoeia,
and is used as a safe partui-ient and emmenagogue. Wood and Bache,
p. 432, 12th ed. The oil of the seeds is used to adulterate olive oil,
to which it imparts its drying quality. P. J. [2] , vol. vii., p. 226.
For difference between cotton and linen fibre, see P. J. [1], vol. iii.,
p. 351 ; [1] , vol. X., p. 243 ; and for fig., P. J. [3], vol. i., p. 353. For
alkaline compounds, see P. J. [1] , vol. xi., p. 429. For fig. of cotton
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 37.

54. Malya stlvestkis, L. (Common Mallow.)

a. Flowers.

h. Root, preserved wet.
Note. — The tincture or infusion of the flowers serves as a test for acids
and alkalies like htmus. The root and herb are sometimes substituted
for those of Althtea officinalis.

' STERCULIACE^.

55. Adansonia digitata, L. (Baobab Tree, Ethiopian Sour Gourd,

Monkey Bread.)
t a. Section of stem.

b. Fruit.

Note. — The fibres of the stem are made into ropes. The juice of the
fruit is acidulous, and is used in Africa as a specific for putrid fevers.
Treas. Bot., p. 17.

56. Steeculia acuminata, L.

a. Fruit. (Xola Nuts.) Presented by Dr. Daniell.
Note. — The seeds are remarkable for containing theine. In Congo
(West Africa) it is known under the name of Makasso. It is the Guru
nut of Soudan. It is also used by the natives in diarrhcea and affections
of the Hver, as weU as a beverage. See P. J. [2] , vol. vi., pp. 450-467.
Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 439.

57. Steeculia Teagacantha, Lindl. (African Tragacanth.)

a. Gum.

Note. — This gum contains bassorin, and swells up in water hke
tragacanth. P. J. [1] , vol. xv., p. 58. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 439.

BYTTNERIACE^.

58. Theobeoma Cacao, L. (Cocoa Tree.)

a. Fruit.

b. Seeds.

c. Concrete oil, expressed from the seeds. (Cacao butter.)

d. Ditto, in flattened cakes.

Note. — This tree must not be confounded with the tree which yields
the cocoa-nut, and which belongs to the Pahnacese. Vide Cocos nucifera.
Specimen c was prepared by Mr. H. B. Brady. See Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 38.

12

TILIACEiE.
59. TiLiA Europ;ea, L. (Linden, or Lime Tree.)
a. Flowers.

Note.~The flowers are still used in France in the form of Tisane and
distilled water, as an antispasmodic. Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 635.
L'OJJicine, p. 949. The flowers, as well as the leaves and bark, were
formerly officinal in this country. Ph. Lond., 1724, p. 159.

DIPTERACE^.

GO. DiPTEROCAEPUs TDRBINATUS, Gaert, and other species.

a. Oleoresin. (Gurjim Balsam, Wood Oil, Gurgun Oil.)
Note. — Official in the Indian Pharmacopcsia. It is used in India in-
stead of balsam of copaiba. It is also used in India as a varnish. P. J.
[1] , vol. XV., p. 321. Ind. Pharm. app., p. 441. Pharmacographia, p. 81.
It has lately been used in the cure of leprosy. P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 65 ;
[3], vol. v., p. 729.

61. Drtobalanops aromatica, Gaert.

a. Sectioa of stem from Sumatra. From Dr. De Vriese.

b. Fruit, preserved wet.

c. Stearoptene. (Borneo CamjoJior.)

Note. — This camphor is found in the wood in fragments, and is
remarkable for not subliming at the ordinary temperature of the airl
Hook. Journ. Bot., vol. iv., pp. 33-202. P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 710.
Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 444. For fig. of crystals, see P. J. [1], vol. xii.,
p. 302 ; [3], vol. iv., p. 710.

TERNSTRCEMIACE^.

62. Thea Ohinensis, Sims.; Camellia Trea, LinJc.

a. Leaves.
h. Green tea.

c. Black tea.

d. Oil expressed from the fruit.

l^ote. — Black and green tea are probably derived from the same plant ;
but Assam tea is the product of Thea Assamica. Bentley, Man. Bot.,
p. 446. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 34.

GUTTIFER^.

63. Calophtllum Calaba, Willd.

a. Bark.

h. Resin. (East Indian Tacamahaca.)
Note.— This specimen is labelled " This is the Animi Tacamahac of
Batka." See P. J. [3], vol. vi., p. 742. It is used as an application to
indolent ixlcers. Specimen b resembles some varieties of Olibanum,
and gives off a similar odour when heated. It also has fragments of
papery bark attached to it.

13

64. Garcinia Mangostana, L. (Mangosteen.)

a. Fruit.

b. Ditto. Perfect specimens.

Note. — The pericarp is used in India as an astringent in dysentery
and diarrlioea. Indian Pharm., p. 31. At one time this fruit was sub-
stituted for Indian Bael, from which it may be known by its stellate
stigma and softer structure. P. J. [2] vol. viii., p. 654.

65. Garcinia Morella, var. pbdicellata, Desrous.

t a. Section of stem.

h. Ditto, showing gamboge exuding from the bark.

c. Roll gamboge of good quality.

d. Ditto, one piece enclosed in bamboo.

e. Pipe gamboge from Siam, inferior quality,
t /. Fine specimen of pipe gamboge.

See Bentleij, Man. Bot., p. 448. P. J. [1], vol. vi., p. 60; [1], vol.
viii., p. 398 ; [1], vol. x., p. 235; [2], vol. vi., p. 349 ; [3], vol. ii.,p.
848 ; [3] , vol. iv., p. 803. For fig. of plant, B. <& T., Med. Plants, tab. 33.

66. Garcinia purpurea, Boxb. (Kokum Btdter.)

a. Concrete oil expressed from the seeds.
Note. — Official in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. It has been recom-
mended for use in ointments and suppositories. It melts at 98° F.
Ind. Pharm., p. 31. Pharmacographia, p. 80. P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 65.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 32.

67. Calysaccion longifolium, Wight

a. Unexpanded flovs^er buds.
Note.— These fiower-buds form the Nag-kassar of the Indian bazaars,
under which name the flowers of Mesua fevrea, I,., are also sold. P. J. [1] ,
vol. X., pp. 449, 597; and for fig., [1] , vol. xii., p. 62. Bentley, Man.
Bot., p. 448. See collection of Indian Drugs.

RHIZOBOLACE^.

68. Caryocar butyrosum, Willd.

a. Fruit (Souari N^lts.) Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 451.
Note. — These nuts are yielded also by C. nuciferum, L. They yield a
bland oU. P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 158. For fig. of the nuts, etc , see
Treas. Bot., p. 229.

SAPINDACE^.

69. Paullinia sorbilis, Mart.

a. Guarana, in roll. {Brazilian Cocoa.)

b. Ditto, powdered.

c. Seeds. Presented by Dr. Symes.

Note.— li is used in sick headache, but sometimes purges violently
It contains theine and saponin ; to the latter its occasional irritant
effects are probably due. See P. J. [3], vol. i., p. 221 ; [8], vol. iii.,
p. 773. Guarana consists of the crushed nuclei of the seeds. For fig. of
the plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 67.

14

70. Sapindus Saponauia,!/. (W. Indian Soap Tree, Black Nicker Tree.)
a. Root. Presented by Mr. Edwards.
h. Fruit. {Soap Berries.)
c. Seeds.

Note.— The pericarps contain saponin, and are used in the W. Indies
by laundresses. They are said to be as efficacious as sixty times their
weight of soap. See P. J. [1] , vol. vii., p. 225. The seeds are from
the International Exhibition of 1851, and are contributed by Mr. Geo.
Boss, of Euimveld Eiver, Demerara, where they are used for necklaces,
bracelets, and other ornaments.

POLTGALACE^.
71. PoLTGALA Senega, L.

a. Root. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 29.
Note. — Easily distinguished from other roots by the keel which pro-
jects from the concave side of the root. Pharmacograplda, p. 72. For
micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 8. See Panax quinquefolium.

KRAMERIACE^.

72. Krameria triandra, B. et P.

a. Root. (Peruvian or Payta Bhatany.)
h. Ditto. Fine specimen.

c. Extract. P. J. [i], vol. iii., p. 82.

d. Ditto. " TboTiglit by Gruibourt to be tbe prod act pf

some species of acacia of S. America, of wbicb au
account was published in the Journal de Pharjnacie."

Note. — The extract is said to be extensively used to give astringency
and colour to artificial port wine. Pharmacographia, p. 74. For fig. of
root, see Goehel und Eunze, pt. ii., taf. iv., fig. 2.

73. Krameria tomentosa, St. Hilaire. {K. Ixina /3. gra.natensis,'Triana.)

a. Root. {Savanilla, or New Granada Bhatany.)

1). Ditto. A commercial specimen.

]^ot2. — This rhatany generally occurs in short pieces, on account of
being very brittle when fresh. Its pale purplish hue when seen in mass,
smooth surface, and transverse cracks, as well as the thickness of the
bark of the root, distinguish it from Peruvian rhatany. It is said to be
more astringent than the latter. See P. J. [1] , vol. xi., p. 420 ; [2] ,
vol. vi., p. 460. Botanisclie Zeitung, Oct. and Nov., 1856. For Pard
Bhatany, see P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 84 ; [3J, vol. vi., p. 21. For fig. of K.
triandra and K. Ixina, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tabs. 30, 31.

ACERAOE^.

74. Acer saccharinum, L. {Sugar Maple.)

a. Crude juice. See P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 115.
I. Maple sugar. See P. J. [1] , vol. xvii., p. 324.

15

MALPIGHIACE^.

75. Btesonima latjeifolia, B. B.

a. Bark. (Alcornoque Bark.)
Note. — American Alcornoque bark is derived from other species of
Byrsonima as well as from B. laurifolia, and also from Bowdichia
virgilioides. It is used in tanning. Alcornoque is the Spanish name
for the cork oak. See Bentley, Man. Bot., pp. 459 and 498. P.J. [1], vol.
vi., p. 362. For fig. of bark, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. i., ff. 5-8.

ERTTHROXYLACE^.

76. Eetthroxtlon Coca, Lam.

a. leaves. (Coca, Ypadu.)
Note. — These leaves are used by the natives of Brazil to allay hunger
and diminish fatigue. See P. J. [1], vol. ii., p. 660; [1], vol. xui.,
p. 224; [1], vol. xiv., pp. 162, 213; [2], vol. i., p. 616. For Cocaine,
see Watts' Diet. Chemistry , yoL i., p. 1059; Supplt, i., p. 479. P. J.
[3] , vi., p. 883. See Bentley and Tnmen, Med. Plants, tab. 40.

CBDRELACE^.

77. Cedrela febrifuga, A. de J. Meliac.

a. Bark. See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 461.
Note. — It is used as an astringent and febrifuge. For fig. of the bark,
see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. xxxi., ff. 7, 8, 9.

78. SoTMiDA FEBEiPUGA, Juss. {Bed Wood Tree, Bastard Cedar.)

a. Bark. (Rolmn Baric.)
Note. — Official in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. It is used in diarrhoea
and in intermittent fevers ; also as a local astringent like oak bark. Nux
vomica bark is sometimes met with in the Calcutta bazaars under this
name. See P. J. [1] , vol. i., p. 575 ; [1], vol. xi., p. 420; Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 137. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. dt Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 63.

MELIACE^.

79. Carapa Guineensis, G. Bon.

a. Stem.
h. Seeds.

c. Concrete oil expressed from the seeds. {TalUcoona or
Kundah Oil.)

Note.—HhQ specimen of oil is from the district of Assin, on the Gold
Coast, on the frontiers of the kingdom of Ashantee. See P. J. [1] , vol.
ii., pp. 341, 342. It is purgative and anthelmintic, and is also used as
lamp oil. This plant is beUeved by Oliver to be identical with Carapa
Guianensis, Atibl.

80. Carapa Guianensis, Aull.

a. Concrete oil expressed from the seed. {Grah Oil.)
Note.— This specimen is from the International Exhibition of 1851
See Catalogue No. 53. Contributed by Mr. J. S. Stutchberry, Kiver
Essequibo, British Guiana. It is used in the colony for burning, and as
hair oil to prevent the hair turning grey. P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 160.

16

81. Carapa MoLuccENsrs, Lam.; Xylocarpus qranatum, Kon.

a. Seeds. Presented by Dr. F. J. Farre,

Note,— The seeds are very bitter, and are used in Borneo in intermittent
fever.

82. Melia Azedarach, L. (Bead Tree.)

a. Bark.

Note.— The root bark is used as an anthelmintic in America. See
American Dispensatory, p. 520. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 62.

83. Melia Indica, Brandis; Melia Azadirachta, L.; Azadirachta

Indica, Juss.

a. Bark. (Cortex Azadirachtce, Mm Baric, Margosa Bark.)
Note.— This tree is sometimes confounded with Melia Azedarach, L.
It differs in having a simple fruit (by abortion) and pinnate leaves ;
Melia Azedarach has a five-celled fruit and bi-pinnate leaves, Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 136. The bark and leaves are o£acial in the Indian Pharma-
copceia, the bark as a tonic, and the leaves, in the form of poultice, as an
application to ulcers. See Ind. Pharm., pp. 64, 443.

AURANTIAOE^.

84. ^GLE Marmelos, Gorrea. (Indian Bael, Bilva Tree, Bengal

Quince.)

a. Fruit. The pulp is modelled in wax.
h. Entire Fruit.

c. The fruit, sliced and dried.

d. Ditto, commercial specimen.

e. Thin sheets formed of the dried pulp. Presented by

Mr. J. G. Gould.
/. Bark.

g. Gum obtained from the fruit.

Note. — The fruit is stated by Hanbury and Fliiokiger not to contain
tannin. See Pharmacographia, p. 117. For fig. of fruits, &c., see P. J.
[1] , vol. X., p. 166 ; of plant, Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 55.

85. Citrus Bergamia, var. vulgaris, Bisso et Poiteau. (Bergamot

Orange.)

a. Fruit preserved wet.

h. Rind of fruit. For micr. section see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 45.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 52.

86. Citrus Bigakadia, N. DuJiam.

a. Flower buds. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 50.

b. Immature fruit.

c. Ditto, turned and perforated. (Issue Peas.)

d. Rind of fruit. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat, Atlas,

taf. 45.

17

87. Citrus Limbtta, N. Buham.

a. Fruit, preserved wet.
Note. — It is from this fruit that lime juice is ohtained. Bentley,
Man. Bot., p. 465. This specimen is from British Guiana. P. J, [1],
vol. xi., p. 158.

88. Citrus Limonum, Bisso.

a. Fruit, preserved wet.

b. Rind.

c. Essential oil from ditto. For fig. of the plant, see Bentley

and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 54.

89. Feeonia Elephantum, Gorrea.

a. Fruit. (Elephant Apple. Wood Apple.)
i. Gum from ditto,
t c. Section of stem.

Note. — This is the Gomme de VInde of Prof. Guibourt. Some of the
gum arable of India is probably derived from this tree. See Bentley,
Man. Bot., p. 466. Pharmacographia, p. 117.

VITACE^.

90. VlTIS VINIFERA, L.

a. Fruit, preserved wet.
i. Grape-sugar.

CANELLACE^.

91. Canella alba, Murr.

a. Bark.
i. Branch.

AToic— Specimen b has "the outer layer of bark partially removed, so
as to show the inner bark, which is the part exported." Presented by
Mr. Lees. See P. J. [1] , vol. iii., p. 290. Goebel und Kunze, vol. ii,
taf. m., fig. 1-4. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 26.

92. ClNNAMODENDRON COETICOSUM, Miers.

a. Fine specimen. (False Winter's Bark.)
h. Entire bark.

c. Outer layer of bark removed.

-f^oie.— This tree yields the bark now known in commerce as "Winter's
bark." It resembles Canella both in colour and taste, but is darker on
both surfaces, and contains tannin. For fig. of bark see Goebel und Kunze,
tat. m., ff. 5, 6, 7. The true Winter's bark is yielded by Drimys Winteri
Font., and is at once distinguished by its very rough inner surface and
red brown colour. See P. J. [1] , vol. zviii., p. 503. Bentley, Man. Bot.,
p. 4b8. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 27.

RUTACE^.

93. Barosma betulina, Bartl. and Wendl.

a. Leaves. For fig., see Bentley and Tnmen, Med. Plants, tab. 45.

18

94. Barosma crenulata, Hoolt.

a. Leaves. For fig., see Bentley (& Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 46.
I. Branchlets and leaves.

95. Baeosma serratifolia, Willd.

a. Leaves. For fig., see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 47.
Note. — Barosma crenulata must not be confounded with Diosma
crenata, L., ■which is a synonym for Barosma betulina.

96. DiCTAMNUS Eraxinella, Lam. (False Dittany.)

a. Root.

Note. — Formerly much used as atonic, diuretic, antispasmodic, andem-
menagogue. For fig. of root see Goelel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxvHi., f . 2.

97. Galipea Cuspabia, St. Eilaire.

a. Bark. (Cusparia Baric, Angustura Barh, QuinadeOaroni.)

Note. — By some authors Cusparia bark is attributed to Galipea Cuspa-
ria, and Augustura bark to G. officinalis, Hancock; but Farre and Don
decided the two were the same. Hanbury also considered both plants to
be identical. PharmacograpMa, p. 97, note. Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 43.

The bark of G. officinalis is official in the United States Pharmacopoeia
under the name of Angustura bark. Under a lens the transverse frac-
ture of Cusparia bark shows a number of white points or minute lines,
not present in Nux Vomica bark, with which it was at one time adulter-
ated. See P. J. [3] , vol. iii., p. 663. Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 116.
Joum.' Pharm., 1836, p. 662. P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 681. See Nux
Vomica Baek, p. 93. For fig. of Cusparia bark, see Goebel und Kunze,
pt. i., taf. ii., fig. 1-4.

98. Pilocarpus species. (Pernambuco Jaborandi.)

a. Leaves. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 48.

h. Stem, root, and fruits.

c. Bark of tlie stem.

Note. The word Jaborandi is used in South America as a generic term

for several different plants possessmg sialogogue and diaphoretic pro-
perties. For figure and description of Pernambuco Jaborandi see P. J .
[3], vol. v., pp. 583, 641, 838 ; for its active principles, P. J. [3], vol. v.,
pp. 826, 965 ; vol. iv., p. 911 ; for its physiological action, P. J. [3], vol.
iv., p. 850 ; vol. v., pp. 464, 661. For fig. of leaf, etc., of Serronia Jabo-
randi, Guill., see Archiv. der Pharmacie, November, 1875, p. 416 ; and
for Serronine, P. J. [3] , vol. v., p. 1034. For other plants used under the
name of Jaborandi, see Piper species in this catalogue, Martius' Syst. Mat.
Med. Brazil., p. 100, and UUnion Pharmaceutique, June, 1874, p. 183.

Ptelea trifoliata, L. {Shrub Trefoil, Wing Seed, Wafer Ash.)
a. Root bark, and ptelein. Presented by Prof. W. Procter.
Note.— The root bark is used to a Hmited extent in America, by the
Eclectics, as a stimulant tonic in intermittent fevers. See P. J. [1] , vol.
xvi.,p. 272; [2] , vol. iv., p. 494.
100. Ruta graveolens, L. {Bug. Herb of Grace.)
a. Root, preserved wet.

I

19

100. RuTA GRAVEOLENS (continued).

b. Essential oil from the herb.

Note. — Official in the Indian Pharmacopoeia, p. 40. Formerly much
used in this country as a stimulant and deobstruent. It was also sup-
posed to ward off pestilence. See Treas. Bot., p. 1001. For fig. of the
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 44.

101. Xanthoxylon clava-Heeculis, L.

a. Stem.
h. Bark.

c. Enlarged prickles from stem.

Note. — The bark is used in the West Indies for malignant ulcers, and
is used both externally and internally as an alterative in syphiUs. It is
official in the secondary list of the United States Pharmacopoeia, under
the name of X. Oarohnianum. The prickles are worthy of notice on
account of their extraordinary development. The specimen i accord-
ing to Prof. Bentley, is probably that of X. CaroUnianum, Lam., which is
apparently a variety of X. fraxineum growing in the Southern States.
See P. J. [1] , vol. xvi., p. 271.

102. Xanthoxtlon fraxineum, PTiZZcZ. (PricJcly Ash, Toothache Sliruh.)

a. Stem.
h. Bark,
c. Fruit.

Note. — The bark is used in the United States as a permanent arterial
stimulant, and as an alterative in syphiHs and rheumatism. It resembles
Guaiacum in its stimulant action, but is more permanent. The bark
resembles that of Pomegranate root bark, but nitric acid colours it red,
while it does not affect Pomegranate root bark. See P. J. [2] , vol. iv.,
p. 399.

CORIARIACE^.

103. CORIAEIA MYETIFOLIA, L.

a. Leaves.

Note. — The leaves of this plant are sometimes found in Senna, on the
Continent, but not in this country. They are poisonous. They may be
readily detected by having three well marked veins, the two outer of
which are situated near the margin of the leaf. For fig. of leaf, see Per.
Mat. Med,, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 356, fig. 67.

SIMARUBACE^.

104 PiCR^NA BXCBLSA, Lindl. (Jamaica Ash, Jamaica Quassia.)
a. Section of stem.

&. Young branches. Presented by Dr. Lindley.

c. Bark.

d. Shavings of the wood.

Note.—FoT occurrence of sulphate of soda in this wood, see P. J. [1],
vol. xiii., p. 642. For micr. section of wood, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf.'
26, fig. 63. For fig. of bark, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. xxxi.,
ff. 3, 4. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trivien, Med. Plants, tab. 57. '

20

105. Quassia amaua, L. {Surinam Quassia.)

a. Leaves and branchlets, preserved wet. Presented by

Professor Bentley.
I. Wood.

Note.— The wood of this tree was formerly imported as Quassia, which
is now derived from Picrrona excelsa. Pharmacographia, p. 119. For
micr. section of wood, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 26, fig. 62. For fig.
of bark, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. xxxi,, £f. 3-6.

106. Samadeea Indica, Gaertn. (KaringJiota, S. W. India, Samadera-

gass, Ceylon.)
a. Bark.

Note. — The bark is remarkable for its intense bitterness, and for
containing a bitter principle which gives a violet-red coloration with
concentrated sulphtiric acid. See P. J. [3], vol. v., pp. 541, 644, 654.
The kernels of the fruit contain more of the bitter principle than the bark.

107. Simaedba amaea, Auhl. (Mountain Damson.)

a. Root bark.

5. Ditto. Pine specimen.
Note. — Ofiicial in the secondary hst of the United States Pharmacopceia.
It possesses similar properties to those of Quassia. For microscopic
structure of bark, see P. J. [3] , vol. iii., p. 824 ; and Berg, Anat. Atlas,
taf. 38. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 56.

108. SiMABA Cedron, Planclwn.

a. Seeds. Cedron seeds.
Note. — Used in South America for intermittent fevers, in rheumatism,
and as an antidote to poison. See P. J. [1] , vol. x., pp. 344, 560, and
for fig. of fruit, p. 347 ; [1] , vol. xi., p. 280 ; [1] , vol. xii., p. 63 ; [3] ,
vol. iii., p. 801.

ZTGOPHTLLACE^.

109. Gtiaiacum officinale, L.

a. Section of stem. (Lignum Vitoe.)
h. Ditto, polished.

c. Ditto, from the Bahamas.

d. Shavings of the wood. Two specimens.

Note.— GuaisLCum shavings are sometimes adulterated with shavings
of boxwood. This admixture may be detected by nitric acid, chloride
of lime, or other oxidizing agents, which will colour Guaiacum wood
greenish blue, but not boxwood. See P. J. [1] , vol. xii., p. 450.

e. Resin, " Gum gnaiacum."
/. Ditto, " Tears."

g. Ditto, ditto, agglutinated.

h. Ditto, impure.

Note.— The Guaiacum in tears is supposed to be the produce of
G. sanctum, L. For micr. section of wood, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 27.
For constitution of resia see P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 523 ; and [1], vol, i.,

272, [2], vol. iii., p. 483, for products of decomposition of the resin ;
also see Guaiacol. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. PUnits.
tab. 41, ^ .

21

110. LiNUM CATHARTICUM, L. {Purging Flax, Mountain Flax.)

a. Herb.

Note. — Formerly official in the Ph. E. and Ph. D., and still used in
country districts as a domestic medicine. It is bitter and cathartic.

111. LiNDM TJSITATISSIMUM, L. P. J. [3], vol. i., p. 663.

a. Seeds. (For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 46.)
h. Ditto, larger variety, from Calcutta.

c. Ditto, wMte variety.

d. Ditto, Russian,

e. Ditto, English.

f. Ditto, crashed. See P. J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 211.

g. Linseed cake.

h. Ditto, powdered.

i. Linseed oil.

Note. — Charlock seeds, or other acrid seeds, belonging to the CruciferfE,
are sometimes accidentally mixed with linseed, and hence the meal
sometimes possesses an irritating property. For composition of linseed
oil, see P. J. [1] , vol. iv., p. 325 ; for its purification, [1] , vol. xi., p. 470 ;
for adulteration of the meal, [1] , vol. ii., p. 728 ; and [2] , vol. xi., p. 686.
The small seed which comes from the shore of Baltic, is to be preferred for
medicinal purposes to the large seed which comes from India. For fig.
of the plant see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 39.

OXALIDACE^.

112. OXALIS ACETOSELLA, L.

a. Herb.

Note. — It contains binosalate of potash, and was formerly used as a
refrigerant and antiscorbutic.

GERANIACEJS.

113. Geranium macdlatum, L. (Granesbill, Spotted Geranium.)

a. Root. {Alum root.)

Note. —The root is official in the United States Pharmacopoeia. It is
a powerful astringent, free from bitterness. P. J. [2], vol. v., p. 20.
For fig. of plant see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 42.

114. Pelargonium species.

a. Essential oil. (French Oil of Geranium.)
Note.— This must not be confounded with the Turkish oil of geranium,
which is obtained in India from a species of grass, the Andropogon
Schoenanthus, L., or Ginger Grass. It is this, and not the French Oil
of Geranium, which is used in Turkey to adulterate otto of rose. P. J.
[2], vol. ix., p. 290. The French oU of geranium from Paris firms is
of a greenish colour ; that from Nice is colourless.

22

CALYCIFLOR^.

CELASTRACEJE.

115. Catha EDULis, ForsJc, and C. spinosa, Forsh. {Ahjssinian Tea,

Kdt or Kaat.)

a. Leaves and young branchlets. (Suibare Kaat.)

i- Do. do. {MuUaree Kaat.)

Note. — The leaves are chewed as a stimulant and exhilarant, producing
effects hke those of coffee. The Subbare Kaat is the more valuable of the
two, being double the price of the Muktaree Kaat. They are so called
from the district from which they are obtained. For figure, etc., see
P. J. [1] , vol. xii., p. 269 ; Lindley's Vegetable Kingdom, p. 587. Speci-
mens a and 6 were presented by Dr. Vaughan.

116. Ceanothus Americanus, L.

a. Root. (Bed Boot.)

b. Leaves. (New Jersey Tea.)

Note. — The root is used as an astringent in syphilis, etc. The leaves
have been used as tea. See Amer. Dispells., p. 199.

117. Celastrds paniculatus, Willd.

a. Semi-concrete oil.

Note. — The oil is used in Brazil as a powerful stimulant and for
burning ia lamps. In India an empyreumatic oU, known as Oleum
Nigrum, is obtained from the seeds, and used in doses of 10-15 drops to
produce free diaphoresis. Ph. Ind., p. 56.

118. EuoNTMUS ATROPURPUREUS, Jacq. {Burning Bush, Spindle Tree,

Wdhoo.)

a. Root. Two specimens.

Note. — Used as a diuretic in dropsy in America. See Wood and Bache,
p. 374. The name Wahoo is also appUed in the Southern States to
Ulmus alata.

RHAMNACEiE.

119. Rhamnus amygdalinus, Desf.

a. Fruit. (Fersian Berries.)
See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 490, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 574.

120. Rhamnus cathartictjs, L. (BucUhorn.)

a. Fruit. Bentley and Trimen, Bled. Plants, tab. 64.

b. Ditto, unripe, from J. B. Batka.

c. Sap green. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 490.

2^o<e.— The specimen b might easily be mistaken for Cubebs, but is
distinguished readily by the inferior calyx, and by containing 4 seeds.

121. Rhamnus chlorophorus, Decaisne.

a. Chinese green dye.
See P. J. [1] , vol. xvi., p. 214; P. J. [2], vol. i., p. 228 ; also Porter
Smith, Chinese Materia Medica, art. Sap Green— Luh-kiau, p. 193.

23

122. Rhamnus Frangula, L. {Black Alder, Alder Buckthorn.)

a. Bark.

^ote. — This bark has been lately brought forward in this country as
an excellent purgatiye, free from the griping properties of Buckthorn
berries. It contains a httle prussio acid. The berries of E, Frangula
differ from those of E. catharticus in having only three seeds, and the
leaves are entire and feather-veined, not serrulate as in E. catharticus.
See P. J. [1] , vol. ii., p. 721, for form for decoction ; [1] , vol. ix., p. 537,
for analysis; [3] , vol. ii., p. 152 ; [3] , vol. iv., p. 889. For micr. section,
' see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 40. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 65. See also P. J. [3] , vol. vii., p. 102.

123. Rhamnus infectorius, L.

a. Fruit. (Graines d' Avignon, French Berries.)
Note. — These berries are used as well as those of E. amygdalinus, to
dye morocco leather yellow.

124. ZlZTPHUS JUJUBA, L.

a. Fruit. (Jiijuhe Fi-uit.)

h. Twig, with the fruit on it, preserved wet. Brought from
Nimes by Mr. D. Hanburj.

125. ZlZTPHUS ORTACANTHA, B.C. • ,

a. Fruit.

ANACARDIACE^.

126. Anacardium occidentale, L. {Cashew Nut Tree.)

a. Fruit. (Cashew Nuts.) See for fig. Guib. Hist, des Drog.,

vol. hi., p. 490.
h. Peduncle and fruit, preserved wet.
c. Gum. (Gadjii Gum.)

Note. — The bark and pericarp of the fruit contain an acrid vesicant
liquid which forms a dui-able marking ink. See P. J. [1] , vol. v., pp. 268-
272. The gum possesses the same properties as gum arable ; but is also
shghtly astringent. — Bentley, Man. Bat., p. 491. Treas. Bot., p. 57.

127. Irvingia Barteri, Sook. f.

a. Dika bread.

h. Fat obtained from ditto.

Note. — The Dika bread is used as food in the Gaboon, on the West
Coast of Africa. It contains about 68 per cent, of a solid fat. This plant
is placed in the Simarubaceffi by Bentley. See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 474.

See also Journ. de Pharm., 1857, p. 275. P. J. [2] , vol. iii,, p. 445.
Linn. Trans., vol. xxiii., p. 167.

128. PisTACiA Lentiscds, L.

a. Resin. (Mastich.)

h. Do. inferior. See P. J. [2] , vol. ii., p. 282.

Note. — Mastic resembles in appearance Ohbanum and Sandarac ;
from Olibanum it is distinguished by its different odour and glassy
fracture, and from Sandarac by its tears not being cylindrical.

24

129. Pl8TACIA TEEBBINTnUS, L.

a. Oleoresin. {Ghian Tur^mntine.)

h. Ditto, from Professor Guibourt. See Hut. des Drag., t. iii.,
p. 497. Pharmacograjihia, p. 146.

130. PiSTACIA VERA, L.

a. Kernels. (Pistachio Nuts.) See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 492.

1 31. Rhus glabra, L. {Smooth Sumach, Pennsylvanian Sumach.)

a. Fruit.

Note.— The fruit is official in the secondary list of the United States
Pharmacopoeia. It is used to make cooling driaks. The acidity of the
fruit resides in the pubescence, and is due to malic acid and bimalate
of Ume. See Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 710.

132. Rhqs Metopium, L.

a. Gum. (Hog Gktm.)

h. Ditto. Collected from the foot of a tree in the parish of

Foreland, Jamaica,
c. Large specimen.

Note. — It is called Hog Gum because the wild hogs smear their wounds
with the gum, by ripping the baxk with their tusks, and then rubbing
themselves against the tree. It possesses vulnerary properties. When
taken internally it acts as a dim-etic. See P. J. [1] , vol. v., p. 60 ; vol.
vii., p. 270.

133. Rhus Toxicodekdron, L. (Poison Oah.)

a. Leaves.

Note. — Official in the secondary list of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, and
formerly in those of London and Dublin. The plant possesses a vola-
tile acrid principle which is lost in diying. The leaves have been used
in palsy and cutaneous diseases, and by HomcEopaths for rheumatism.
Tincture of lobeKa is said to allay the irritation caused by the emana-
tions from the plant. The milky juice forms an excellent marking ink.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 377. For tincture see P. J. [2], vol.
ix., p. 208.

134. Semecarpus Anacardium, L.

a. Fruit. (Marking Nuts, Malacca Beans.)

Note. — The kernels are edible, but the nuts should never be put in the
mouth, as the shell contains an extremely acrid oil. This oil forms a
permanent marking ink, which is generally brown at first, but may be
made to turn black immediately by the addition of ammonia. See
Treas. Bot., p. 1047. See Hist, des Drog., t. iii., p. 492, 6ieme Edition.

135. Spondias lutea, L. (Hog PUm Tree.)

a. Bark.

Note.—lhQ bark is used in tanning. This specimen is from the
International Exhibition of 1851, and was contributed by Mr. T. B.
Duggin, of Berbice, B. Guiana. P. J. [2], vol. xi., p. 160.

25

AMYRIDACE^.

136. Amteis, species incbbta.

a. Resin. (Elemiinreed). Two specimens from Professor

Guibonrt.

137. Balsamodendeon Africanum, Arnott; Heudelotia Africana,

Guill 8f Perr.

a. Gnm-resin. (African Bdellium.)

h. Ditto, in tears. Presented by Allen & Co.
Note. — This Grum-resin is translucent, but has a dull fracture. The
taste is shghtly bitter. When heated, it gives off an odour like bm-nt
india-rubber. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 387 ; Hist, des Drog.,
vol. ui., p. 513.

138. Balsamodendron Opobalsamum, Kunth ; Balsamodendeon

Gilbadense, Kunth.

a. Portions of the young brandies. (Xylobalsainum.)

b. Oleoresin. {Balm of Gilead.)

c. Ditto, solidified.

Note. — Specimen a was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury. Specimen b
has the citron-like odom* and taste ascribed by Pomet to true Balm of
Gilead. See Pomet, Hist. Drugs, p. 204. Its consistence is hke that of
Chian turpentine. In appeai-ance and taste it coi-responds ■with a drop
which has exuded on a specimen of the plant labelled " Schweinfui-th,
No. 2300," in the British Museum. Specimen c corresponds in odour and
appearance "with Pereka's specimen of " Pellucid Liquid Storax," No.
ol3e, in this Museum. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 679. For
fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 59.

139. Balsamodendeon species.

a. Gum-resin. A fine specimen. (Turheij Myrrh.)

h: Gum-resin of a paler colour. (White Myrrh.)

Note. — Specimen b is identical with the " true myrrh," of Dymock, and
with the karurn of the Bombay mai'ket. It is the finest myrrh of
Enghsh commerce. See P. J. [8] , vol. vi., p. 661.

c. Gum-resin, in large dark-coloured pieces, from Bombay.

Note. — This specimen resembles true myi-rh in taste, but has a some-
what urinous odour. It is identical with the drug described by Dymock
under the name of " Arabian Myrrh," or Meetiga of the Bombay market,
a specimen of which from Professor Dymock is enclosed iu the same bottle.

d. Gum-resin. (East Indian Myrrh.)

Note. — This specimen is the " Myi-rh of thii-^ quality," described by
Pererra. It consists of dark- coloured myrrh mixed with pieces of Indian
Bdellium, opaque Bdelhum, and other gums in less quantity. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 388.

e. Gum-resin. (Somali, or African Myrrh.)

Note. — This specimen was presented by Dr. Vaughan. It is the
» Turkey Myrrh" of commerce. See P. J. [1] , vol. xii., p. 227, note.

26

139, Balsamodendkon species, continued.

/. Gum-resin. (Arabian Myrrh.)

Note.— This specimen was presented by Dr. Vaughan. It was collected
to the eastward of Aden. It consists of irregular lumps, composed of
agglomerated tears ; it is more gummy, more brittle, and more polished
externally than ordinary myrrh, and is without whitish marks in the
interior. See Pharmacographia, p. 129. It is entirely different from the
Arabian Myrrh described by Dymock.

g. Gum-resin. (Opaque Bdellium.)

Note.— This specimen of Bdellium was picked out of a sample of the
Turkey Myrrh of commerce. It is opaque and has a bitter taste without
acridity. It is identical with the meena harma, or " opaque BdeUium,"
described by Dymock, and the Bdellium opaque of Guibourt. See Hist,
des Drog., vol. iii., p. 515.

h. Gum-resin. (Indian Bdellium.)

i. Ditto.

Note. — This kind of Bdellium softens in the hand, and has an acrid
taste without the aroma of myrrh. The odoui- has a faint resemblance
to that of cedar. The surface of the pieces frequently has hairs, or frag-
ments of a papery bark attached to it. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p. 387. Specimen li belonged to Dr. Pereira's collection. Specimen i was
picked out of Turkey Myrrh in the year 1876.

j. Gum-resin, from Bengal. (Googul.)

Note. — This specimen somewhat resembles Indian Bdellium in appear-
ance, but the odour is different and recalls that of Burgundy pitch or
castor. The taste is bitter and only slightly acrid. It has a damp
appearance, due to minute globules of oily matter which have hardened
on its surface. This Variety of Bdelhum has been attributed to Balsamo-
dendron Mukul, Hook. See Hook, Journ. Bot., 1849, p. 258. Cooke,
Eeport on Gum-resins in the India Museum, 1874, p. 72.
h. Gum-resin. (Bissa Bol.)

Note. — This specimen has a peculiar odour, likened by Dymock to a
lemon lolHpop. The taste, however, resembles that of the spring mush-
room, Agaricus Gambosus, Fr. It has much the appearance of true
myrrh. Occasionally portions of a thick (not a papery) bark are fovmd
attached to the pieces. It is identical with the "perfumed myrrh,"
described by Dymock, and vath the "liubak hadee" of the Bombay
market, and the hebbak hade of the SomaUs. See P. J. [3] , vol. vi.,
p. 661 ; Pharmacographia, p. 129.

The terms Bissa Bol and Googul appear to be applied in different parts
of India to different gum-resins.

140. BOSWELLIA SPECIES.

a. Gum-resin, Olibanum in lumps.

b. Do. Luban Mattee. The produce of B. Frereana, Birdw.

c. Do. Luban Hunkur.

d. Do. Luban Makur.

e. Do. Luban Bei-bera or Mustika.

f. Luban Morbat or Shaharree. The produce of B. Carterii

and B. Bhau Dajiana, Birdiu.
For fig. of B. Carterii, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 58.

27

140. BoswELLiA SPECIES, continued.

g. African Olibanum. Dr. Pereira's Catalogue, No 288.
Ti. Do., from Dr. Maclagan, from an old drug store.

i. Olibanum of English commerce.
j. Luban mattee. A very fine specimen.
J^oie.— Specimens & to / are those used by Dr. Vaughan to illustrate a
paper in P. J. [1] , vol. xii., pp. 228, 229. P. J. [3] , yoI. i., p. 166 ;
[1] , vol. v., p. 541. Pharmacographia, pp. 120 and 131. For figures of
the olibanum trees, see Linn. Trans., xxvii., p. 111. Specimen j was
presented by Mons. G. ChantrS.

141. BUKSERA ACUMINATA, WUM.

a. Resin. Carana resin. Presented by Mr. Winstanley.
See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 494.

142. Canarium commune, L.

a. Resin. (Manilla Elemi.) 2 specimens.

&. Pruit. See Bentletj and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 61.

143. Canarium edule, HooJc.f.

a. Resin. (African Elemi.) Collected in the Angola
district, Pungo Andongo, Africa, by Dr. Welwitsch.

144. Elaphrium elemiferum, Boyle.

a. Resin. (Mexican Elemi.)

145. Elaphrium graveolens, Kunth.

a. "Wood. (Mexican lignaloes.)

h. Essential oil from do.

Note. — This is not the oriental lignaloes. It has a strong odour like
bergamot. P. J. [2] , vol. x., p. 590. See Aquilaria Agallochum.

146. IciCA iciCARiBA, Dec.

a. Resin. (Brazilian Elemi.) P. 355.

147. IciCA species.

a. Elemi wrapped in leaves. Presented by Messrs. Bell

& Co.

b. Do. Fine specimen in mass.

c. Spurious elemi, said to be manufactured from Thus in

Germany and Holland.

d. Elemi from British Guiana. (Marucoa Yam.)

e. Elemi from the Mauritius. Presented by Dr. Ure.

LEGUMmOS^.
Suborder I. — Papilionace^.

148. Abrus precatorius, L. (Indian lAqiiorice.)

a. Pods and seeds. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 77.
Note. — These seeds are used as a standard of weight in India, called
Eati. The weight of the Koh-i-noor diamond was ascertained in this way.
The roots are olficial in the Indian Pharmacopceia as a substitute for
Liquorice root. See Ind. Pharm., pp. 74 and 446 ; Treas. Bot., p. 4 ; Phar-
macographia, p. 164. P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 160, No. 51.

28

149. Adenanthera pavonina, L.

a. Seeds. (Barricarri Seeds.)

Note.— These seeds are used as weights by jeweUors in the East, each
seed weighing uniformly four grains. Pounded with borax they form a
Itind of cement. Treas. Bot.,p. 18. They have a bright red colour, and
are used in South America for necklaces. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 504.

150. Andira inermis, E. B. K.

a. Bark. (Gabbage-tree Bark.)

Note.— The bark is anthelmintic and purgative, but also narcotic, and
hence should be used with caution. Treas. Bot., p. 62.

151. Arachis htpog^a, L.

a. Legumes. (Ground Nut, Monkey Nut, Pea Nut.)

Note.— The seeds yield the Katchung, or Nut oil of commerce. They
are edible, but occasionally produce unpleasant symptoms. Treas. Bot.,
p. 84. For analysis, P. J. [3] , vol. iv., p. 87. For fig., see Annales des
Sciences Naturelles, 1853, vol. xix., p. 268. B. <& Tr., Med. Plants, tab, 75.

152. Astragalus microcbphalus, Willd.

* a. Portion of the plant with incisions in the stem.

Note.— This specuuen was presented by Mr. S. H. Maltass, of Smyi-na,
and is referred to in Fharmacographia, p. 152.

153. Astragalus species.

* a. A very large specimen of flaky tragacanth. See Phar-

macographia. p. 154, note.

b. Fine white flaky tragacanth. (Syrian Tragacanth.)

Note. — This is known in commerce as Syrian tragacanth, but is pro-
duced in Persia. It is more translucent than ordinary flaky tragacanth,
and without its yellowish tinge.

c. Gum tragacanth, selected. (Smyrna Tragacanth.)

d. Gum tragacanth, in sorts. Presented by Mr. D. Han-

bury. (Gum Dragon.)

e. Vermicelli tragacanth, adulterated with Caramania-

gam.

/. Tragacanth, in sorts, adulterated.

g. False tragacanth, unwashed.

h. Ditto, washed.

i. Gum Bassora. (Gummi Tondonnense.)

Note. — Specimens / and g were presented to Dr. Pereira by Prof.
Guibourt. They appear to be identical with Caramania gum. See Hist,
des Drog., 6th ed., vol. iii., p. 449. Gum Bassora appears to be a mixture
of Kuteera gum (see Sterculia urens) and pieces resembling Caramania
gum. 'See Hist, des Drog., I. c, p. 450. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p. 336. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 73.

29

153. Astragalus species, continued.

The following specimens illustrate a paper by Mr. S. H.
Maltass, in the P. vol. xv., p. 18. The numbers refer to
those on p. 20 in the same volume.

*

Superior Qualities.

1. White picked Talavatz gum tragacanth,

2. White picked Caissar tragacanth.

3. French assorted " leaf," sample of seven cases.

4. Broken leaf, picked by women, mixed with fine leaf.

5. Broken " leaf" of Caissar gum, mixed with fine leaf.

6. "Vermicelli" as picked out before mixing with

" Sesame."

7. "Vermicelli " tragacanth, sample of one case.

8. " Sesame " tragacanth mixed with vermicelli gum.

Inferior Qualities.

9. Common " leaf " mixed with "English assortment."

10. English assorted " l^af," sample of four cases.

11. Common or sorts, ^ample of two cases.

12. Small refuse gum, thrown out, almost worthless.

13. Large refuse gum, almost worthless.

Gums used for the Adulteration of Tragacanth.

14. Moussul gum.

15. Caramania gum, 1st quality.

16. Ditto 2nd quality.

17. Ditto broken up and whitened with white

lead.

18. Ditto Ditto.

19. Ditto Ditto.

^■ote.— Caramania gum No. 17 is used to mix with English assorted
leaf in the proportion of 50 per cent. Specimen No. 18 is mixed with
vermicelli tragacanth in the same proportion. Specimen No. 1^ is mixed
with sorts in the proportion of 100 per cent.

Caramania gum may be easily detected by its angular appearance. For
Caramania gum see also P. J. [2] , vol. vl., p. 658 ; for formation of
tragacanth in the stem see P. J. [1] , vol. xviii., p. 370 ; for chemistry of
tragacanth, see P. J. [2] , vol. i., p. 518.

154. Baptisia tinctoria, B. Br. {Wild Indigo, Dyers' Weed Horse^y
Weed.)

a. Root.

b. Ditto, fine specimen.

Note.— The root is used by Eclectic practitioners in the United States
as an antiseptic in ulcerated sore throats and putrid fevers P J f"'
vol. v., p. 211. ' • • L-i.

30

155. BuTEA FRONDOSA, Boxh. (BhaJc, or Pulas Tree.)

a. Flowers. (Toolsie Flowers.)

h. Gum. Presented by Mr, E. Solly.

Note,— The flowers yield a yellow dye. The exudation is oflicial in the
Ind. Pharm. It is known as butea gum, Bengal kino, dhak tree gum,
and pulas kino. Ind. Pharm., pp. 73, 79, 446. Treas. Bot., p. 183.
Per. ili'a«.il/ed.,vol.ii.,pt.ii.,p.329. Bcntl. <& Trim., Med. Plants, ta.h.79.

156. CoLUTBA ARBORESCENS, L. (Bladder Senna.)

a. Leaves and flowers.

Note.^The leaves have been occasionally found mixed with senna on
the Continent, but not in this country. The leaflets resemble those of
Cassia obovata, but are equal at the base. They are purgative. Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 356.

157. DiPTERTX ODORATA, Willd.

a. Fruit and seeds. (Tonlca Bean.)

Note. — Used m. sachet powder and perfumes, and to scent snuff. Treas.
Bat., p. 416. See Coumarine.

158. Ervum Lens, L. ; Lens esculenta, Moench.

a. Seeds. (Eicropean Lentils.)

h. Ditto, split.

c. Egyptian, split.

Note. — The flour of the seeds is used in making Eevalenta Arabica,
etc. For a fig. of plant, etc., see Bentl. d; Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 76.

159. Gltcyrrhiza glabra, L. (Liquorice Plant.)

a. Root. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 74.

160. Glyctrrhiza echinata, L.

a. Root.

Note.— The Eussian liquorice root, stated by Hanbuxy to be the pro-
duce of G. glabra (G. glanduUfera, W. K.), may be known by its bitterish
taste and longitudinally exfoliated root bark. It is placed for comparison
in the glass jar contaimng a specimen of the root of G. echinata, L., from
Kew. The specimen of English liquotice root (G. glabra) also includes a
genuine specimen from Kew of G. glabra, L. For glycyrrhizin see P. J.
[1] , vol. vi., p. 490 ; for extract, P. J. [1] , vol. x.; p. 520 ; vol. xvi., p.
403 ; for a micr. sect, of root, Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 6.

"161. Indigofera tinctoria, L.

a. Best Bengal indigo.
h. Bad Bombay figs indigo.
Note.— Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. 2, p. 330.. P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 493.
See Indigotine. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. <& Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 72.

162. Melilotus ccerulea, L.

a. Herb. Presented by Dr. J. Houlton.
Note.— The plant has a powerful odour, resembling that of fenugreek.
It is said to possess styptic and healing properties. Treas. Bot., p. 732.
P. J. [1] , vol. ii., p. 463. For fig. of the plant, ibid., p. 128.

31

163. MUCUNA PRURIENS, D. C.

a. Legumes. Presented bj Messrs. Pigeon & Son.

2Voie.— Official in the Ind. Pharm., p. 73 ; formerly official in the
P. L. Co-whage consists of the hairs covering the legumes. Pharma-
cograpMa, p. 165. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 78.

164. Myroxylon Pereirj;, Klotssch.

a. Fruit. For fig., see P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 282.

fe. Balsam obtained from tbe fruit. (Balsamo Blanco.)

c. Ditto, in an eai'thenware jar, enclosed in matting. See

iUd., p. 286.

d. Myroxocarpine.

Note. — This is a crystalline substance obtained from balsamo bianco
by Dr. Stenhouse, and presented by him. P. J. [1] , vol. x., p. 290.

e. Section of stem.

/. Bark. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 83.
g. Balsam of Peru.

Ji. Ditto, in small gourds. For fig., see P. J. [2] , vol v., p. 243.

i. Ditto, ditto, open.

Note. — Two of Dr. Pereira's specimens of the balsam of Peru plant in
fruit are in the Herbarium of the Pharm. Society. See P. J. [1] , vol.
X., pp. 230-280. P. J. [2] , vol. v., pp. 241-315, for history of the drug ;
for chemistry of the bark, [2], vol. vi., p. 204; test of purity, [1], vol.
xii., p. 549. Prof. BaiUon thinks that both balsam of tolu and
balsam of Peru are yielded by the same plant. P. J. [3] , vol. iv., p. 382.

165. Myroxylon Tolpifbra, H. B. K.

a. Balsam of tolu.

i. Ditto, in small gourds.

c. An original tin. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 84.

Note. — For history of drug, see P. J. [2], vol. vi., p. 60; test of
purity, P. J. fl], vol. xii., p. 550; Pharmacographia, p. 177.

166. Phtsostigma yenbnosdm, Balf. (Calabar Bean.)

a. Seeds.

b. Extract.

Note.— P. J. [2] , vol. iv., p. 559 ; vi., pp. 167-261 ; Pharmacographia,
p. 167 ; for physostigmine see P. J. [2] , vol. v., p. 519. For fig. of
plant see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 80.

167. Pterocarpus erinaceus, Poiret.

a. Flowers, preserved wet. p. j., xiv., 55.

b. African kino.

Note. — African kino is not now found in English commerce. Pharma-
cographia, p. 173. The tincture made from it is said not to gelatinize so
readily as that of Indian kino.

168. Pterocarpus Marsupium, Boxh.

a. Bark of the tree, from the Burmese Empire.

b. East Indian kino.

32

1G8. Pterocakpus Mahstjpium, continued.

Note.— See Eucalyptus rosinifera, Coccoloba uvifera, and Butea frondosa
for other varieties of kino. P. J. [1] , vol. i., p. 399 ; [3] , vol. ii., p. 182 ;
[3] , vol. iv., p. 336 ; Pharmacographia, p. 170. Specimen a was presented
by Dr. A. T. Thomson. For fig. of the plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 81.

169. Pterocarpus santalinus, L.f.

a. Section of trunk polished.

h. Section of the heartwood only, polished.

c. Shavings. (Bed Sanders.)
Note. — This di-ug, the Lign. santal rub. of drug lists, belongs to a dif-
ferent family from the yellow sandal wood. The resinoid colouring mat-
ter is soluble in alkalies, but not in water. P. J. [1], vol. vii., p. 288;
Pharmacographia, p. 175. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 82.

170. Spartidm junceum, L. (Spanish Broom.)

a. Seed.

Note. — This plant differs from the common broom in having cylindrical,
not angular, branches, and in blossoming in July ; whereas S. Scoparius
blossoms in May. The seeds are emetic and purgative. Treas. Bot., p. 1076.

171. Cytisus Scoparius, LinJc; Sarothamnus Scoparius, Wimmer.

(Common Broom.)
a. Tops. Pharmacographia, p. 148.
h. Seeds. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 70.

172. SoPHORA Japonica, L.

a. Flower-buds. (Wai-fa.)
Note.— Used in China as a yellow dye. The leaves are purgative, and
are a cheap source of rutic acid. P. J. [1] , vol. x., p. 308 ; xiv., p. 64 ;
Treas. Bot., p. 1073. See also Chinese Collection of Mat. Med.

173. Tephrosia Apollinea, D. G.

a. Leaflets and legumes.
Note.— The leaflets have occasionally been met with in Alexandrian
senna, and more particularly in Tripoli senna, but are probably an acci-
dental admixture. They are silky, emargmate, equal at base, and usually
folded longitudinally. For fig., etc.. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 354.
Also Bentley and Redwood, Mat. Med., p. 858.

174. Teigonella r(ENUM-GRj;cuM, L. (Fenugreeh.)

a. Seeds.

jV'oJe.— Used in making cui'ry powder and cattle foods, etc. The fresh
plant is used as an esculent in India. Pharmacographia, p. 150 ; Treas.
Bot., p. 1170. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 71.
Sub-order II.— CiESALPiNE^.

175. C^SALPmiA CORIARIA, WiUd.

a. Legumes. (Bivi-divi.)
Note.— The pericarps are said to contain 60 to 65 per cent, of tannin,
and are used as an astringent in India [Ind. Pharm., p. 79) ; and in this
country for tanning. P.J. [1], vol. v., p. 443. Bentley, Man. Bot.,
p. 501. For fig. see Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 398.

33

176. CjlSALPmiA BCHINATA, Lam.

a. Chips. (Peach Wood, Lima Wood, Nicaragua Wood.)
Note. — Used in dyeing red and black colours. Hist, des Drog., vol. iii.,
p. 339.

177. CiESALPINLA SPECIES.

a. Deposit in the heartwood of the tree. (Araroha, or

Arariba.)
h. Ditto powdered. (Goa Powder.)

jsfote. — This drug was imported from Bahia. It has also been received
from Bombay, where it is known as " Goa Powder," or " Poh di Bahia,"
or " Ghrysarobine. " It contains 80 per cent, of Chrysophanic acid. See
P. J. [2], vol. v., p. 345; [3], voL v., pp. 721, 801, 816. Med. Times d-
Gazette, March, 1875, p. 250.

A specimen of the leaf of the tree is in the Herbarium of the Society.

178. Cassia ^thiopica, Ghcih.

a. Leaflets. (Tripoli Senna.)

Note. — Hanbury does not consider this a distinct species, but includes
it under C. acutifolia, Delile. Phamiacographia, p. 190. According to
Guibourt it is distinguished by having smaUer, less acute leaflets, with
a gland at the base of the petiole and between each pair of leaflets. Per.
Mat. Med.,.yol. ii., pt. u., p. 355. For fig. of plant, see Hist, des Drag.,
vol. iii., p. 361, fig. 663.

179. Cassia Brasiliana, Lam.; C. grandis, L.

a. Pods. (Horse Cassia.)

Note. — The pulp is bitter ; it is used as a purgative in South America.
It may be distinguished from C. fistula by the larger pods, covered with
branching veins, and the very prominent sutures,

180. Cassia brevipes, D. G.

a. Leaflets.

Note. — This was offered in the London market in January, 1875, as
" Pine senna." It probably came from Panama, certainly from Central
America. It is not purgative, and may be distinguished by the leaflets
having three or more principal veins. For fig., etc., see P.J. [3] , vol. v.,
p. 624. For other substitutions, etc., see Solenostemma Argel, Tephrosia
ApoUinea, Globularia Alypum, Colutea arborescens.

181. Cassia elongata, Lem.; C. angustifolia, Vahl.

a. Leaflets. (Tinnevelly Senna.)
h: Ditto. Ditto " Elect."

c. Ditto. (East Lidian Senna.) " Sorts."

d. Ditto. Ditto. "Elect."

e. Ditto. (Somali, or African Senna.)

f. Ditto. (Aden, or Arabian Senna.)

g. Legumes.

Note.—E&^i Indian senna is an inferior quaUty of TinneveUy senna,
and may be recognised by contaimng stalks, pods, and discoloured leaf-

D

34

181. Cassia ELONOATA, continued.

lots. Pharviacographia, p. 190-2 ; P. J. [1] , vol. ix., p. 361. Specimens
e and / are East Indian senna of second quality ; they were presented
by Dr. Vaiighan, May 24, 1852. P. J. [1] , vol. xii., p. 2C8. They are
probably identical with the Mecca senna of Pereira {Mat. Med., vol, ii.,
pt. ii., p. 355), and the Sen6 Moka of Guibourt. Hist, des Drog., vol.
iii., p. 366. Bcntley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 91.

182. Cassia Fistula, L. {Purging Cassia.)

a. Pods.

Note. — The fruit is an indehiscent or lomentaceous legume. West
Indian pods are more esteemed than those from Madras. The seeds, as
well as those of senna, contain albumen. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p, 362, For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 87.

183. Cassia lancbolata, Ned.; C. actjtifolia, Delile.

a. Leaflets. (Alexandrian Senna.) "Sorts."

b. Ditto, freed from stalks and pods.

. c. Ditto, freed from argel leaves. B. Tr., Med. Plants, No. 90.

d. Stalks and pods separated from Alexandrian senna.

e. Small Alexandrian senna.

Note. — For fig. of leaves, etc., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 354 ;
for chem. exam., P. J. [1] , vol. iv., p. 61 ; [3] , vol. ii., pp. 221, 723 ; for
botany, P. J. [1] , vol. ix,, p. 25 ; x., p. 543 ; Pharmacographia, p. 190.

184. Cassia Maeilandica, L.

a. Leaflets. (American Senna.)

Note. — The leaflets are used as a purgative in America, but are only
about half as powerful as Alexandrian senna. King's Am. Dispens., p.
193 (1872). It is met with in compressed cakes as prepared by the
Shakers. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 352. It is official in the
U. S. Pharmacopoeia. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 88.

185. Cassia moschata, H. B. K.

a. Fruit. (Small American Cassia.)
Note. — The pods are shorter and more slender than those of C. fistula,
and the pulp is paler and more astringent. For fig. see P. J. [2] , vol. v.,
p. 350. Used in New Granada as a purgative. Specimens of the plant,
presented by Mr. D. Hanbury, are in the Herbarium of the Society.

186. Cassia obovata, Collad.

a. An entire leaf.

h. Leaflets. (Jamaica, or Port Eoyal Senna.)
Note.— The leaflets are broadest towards the apex, and the pods some-
what reniform, and have an interrupted Une of folds or ridges along the
centre, which are absent in those of C. lanceolata and C. elongata. P. J.
[2] , vol. vi., p. 447. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 89.

c. Leaflets. (Sene du Senegal.)

JvTote.— Specimen c was presented by Prof. Guibourt. This variety of
senna does not often enter into commerce. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. ii., p. 355. For fig. of pod, etc., see Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 365.

35

187. Cbkatonia siliqua, L. (Kharoub.)

a. Leaves and frait. {Garob beans, Locust beans, 8t. John's
bread.)

Note— Tina specimen was presented by Mr. Squire. The pods have
been recommended for improving the voice. They have been imported
from Spain under the name of algarobo beans (see Prosopis paUida).
P. J. [1] , vol. iii., p. 79. The seed is said to have formed the original
carat of jewellers. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 502. The pods are used in
the manufacture of cattle food, Treas. Bot. , p. 254.

188. CoPAiFERA MULTiJUGA, Hayne.

a. Oleoresin, from Angostura. Presented by Dr. Christi-

son.

b. Ditto. (Balsam of Gopaiba.')

c. Viscid resin. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp, 367, 368.

d. Copaivic acid.

e. Volatile oil.

Note. — The specimen from Angostura is much darker coloured and
thicker than specimen b, and is probably yielded by a different species.
For fig. of several species, see Per. Mat. Bled., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 365 ; for
solution of, P. J. [1] , vol. i., p. 655 ; for pills, P. J. [1] , vol. iii., p. 66 ;
[2], vol. viL, p. 326; for cohesion figures, P. J. [2], vol. v., p. 387;
variety of, P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 581. Por fig. of plant, see Bentletj and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 93.

189. CoPAiFERA TRAPEZiFOLiA, Hayne.

a. Oleoresin.

b. Section of trunk.

Note. — The specimen a is labelled thus : " Taken by myself, as also the
accompanying specimen of the wood bark and leaves of the same, cut
down for the purpose, July, 1843, near the plantation of Santa Maria, in
the district of Macahe. Thos. K. Goodbarn." Specimen a is the one
alluded to in P. J. [1] , vol. vi., p. 14.

190. DaLBEEGIA AEBOREA, Willd. ; PoNGAMIA GLABRA, Vent.

a. Fixed oil. (Poonga Oil.)

Note. — The oil is highly esteemed by the natives of India as a remedy
in skin diseases. Ind. Pharm., p. 79; Jouni. Agri. Hort. Sac. of India,
vol. X., pt. ii., p. 223, 1851 ; for legumes and seeds, see Collection of
Indian Drugs. A specimen of the plant is in the Herbarium of the Society,

191. Eeythrophlceum Guineense, Don. (Sassy Bark Tree.)

a. Legume and twigs.

6. Flowers, portion stem, and leaves preserved wet.

c. Bark.

Note. — The bark is used as an ordeal poison in West Africa. These
specimens were presented by Mr. W. Procter, jun., to whom they were
forwarded by Dr. S. F. McGill from Cape Palmas, Liberia. Am. Journ.
Pharm., October, 1851, pp. 301-311; July, 1852, pp. 195-202; P, J., vol.
xvi., pp. 233-373,

36

192. GUILANDINA BONDUCELLA, L. ; CiESALPINIA BONDUCELLA, Boxh.

of Ind. Pharm.

a. Legumes and seeds. (Niclcer Nats, Bonduc Nuts.) Pre-
sented by Dr. Cliristison.
Note. — The seeds are of a leaden colour, and in size and shape resemble
marbles. Used in India as a bitter tonic and febrifuge. Official in the
Ind. Pharm., p. 68. The seeds of G. Bonduc are yellow. Treas. Bot., p.
555 ; Pharmacographia, p. 185. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 85-

193. H^MATOXTLUM Campechianum, L. {Logwood Tree.) '

a. Chips.

h. Section of the trunk polished.

Note. — For colouiing matter see Hasmatoxylin, P. J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 435 ;
and for fig. of plant, Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 86.

194. Htmen^a Courbaril, L. (Simiri, or Locust Tree.)

a. Resin.

i. Ditto,
c. Ditto.

Note. — These three specimens were presented by Mr. Stutchbury,
of Demarara. See P.J. [1], vol. xi., p. 159. Specimen a is as clear and
pale as dammar. Specimen b is yellowish, and contains fragments of
bark ; it appears to correspond to the amhre hlanc du Bresil of Guibourt.
Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 460. Specimen c is pale brown, transparent,
and stalactitic. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 502; Lindl. Fl. Med., p. 266.
For Copal varnish see P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 627 ; P. J. [1] , vol. x., p. 90.

195. Htmenj]A Mossambicbnsis, Kl. {Msandarusi.)

a. Resin. (^African Gojpal, Anime.)

Note. — This specimen was presented by Mons. C. Chantre. The
granular surface, technically called " goose-skin," is caused by tho
pressure upon it of the sand in which it is found buried. The polished
specimen shows insects imbedded in the resin. See P. J. [1], vol. xvi.,
pp. 367, 423 ; vol. x., p. 89 ; [2], vol. vii., p. 424 ; [3], vol. v., p. 490.
Journ. Boyal Geograph. Soc, vol. xxix., p. 435.

196. Mora excelsa, Benth. i

a. Bark.

Note. — The bark is astringent, and used for tanning. Bentley, Man.
Bot.', p. 503 ; Treas. Bot., p. 755. This specimen is from the Interna-
tional Exhibition of 1851. It was contributed by Mr. T. B. Duggm,
Kiver Berbice, British Guiana. See P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 160.

197. Tamarindus Indica, L.

a. Entire fruit.

h. Fruit deprived of epicarp. (East Lidian Tamarinds.)

c. Ditto, preserved. in syrup. (West Lidian Tamarinds.)

d. Egyptian tamarinds in flattened cakes.

e. Section of trunk.

Jy'ofe.— Specimen c was presented by Mr. D. Hanbui-y. Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 197. Treas. Bot. , p. 1121. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 92.

37

Sub-order III. — Mimose^.

198. Acacia Arabica, Lam. (Willa, Kilcar, or Baiul Tree.)

a. Gum.

Note. — This specimen is labelled " obtained from the tree. Presented
by Dr. Christison."

199. Acacia decurebns, Willd. (Blach or Green Wattle Tree.)

a. Australian gum. Presented by Mr. Lloyd, of Ludgate

mi.

h. Gum from Sydney. (P. 152.) Imported per Ocean
Queen, Nov. 28, 1844
Note. — Specimen a consists of large pieces of a pale reddish colour
and peculiarly dull surface. Specimen 6 is of a darker colour, and has
the peculiar reddish Yiolet tint which is said by Guibom-t to be character-
istic of Austrahan gum. Hist, des Drog., vol. ui., p. 444 ; P. J. [1] ,
vol. vii., p. 588.

200. Acacia gummipera, Willd.

a. Barbary gum. (P. 138.) (Gomme de Barbane, Fr.)

h. Mogador gum.

c. Small ditto. (P. 139.)

Note. — Specimen a is said by Pereira to be imperfectly soluble in .water.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 334.

201. Acacia horrida, Willd. (JDoornhoom, Wittedoorn, Karrodoorn.)

a. Cape gum, in large pieces. (P. 151, bis.)

b. Small ditto, from the district of Albany. (P. 151.)

Note. — Specimen 6 resembles the one in the collection of drugs from
the Cape of Good Hope. P. J. [1] , vol. x., p. 520.

202. Acacia Verek, Guill. et Perr. (VereJc Tree, Hashab.)

a. White Turkey gum arabic.

Note. — The best gum arabic is characterized by its opacity, its brittle-
ness and whiteness. Perena states that it is known in Paris as gomme
Turique, and the inferior quahties are known as gomme Geddah, so named
from the ports from which they are shipped. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. ii., p. 334; Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 440; for fig. of plant, see
p. 897. A specimen of gomme Turique from Guibourt is enclosed in
specimen a. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 95.

b. Senegal gum.

Note. — This specimen is the gomme du haut du fleuve of French com-
merce,the gomme de Galam of Guibourt, and the gomvie de Salabreda of
Soubeiran.

c. Senegal gum.

2^ote.— This specimen is the gomme du has du fleuve of French com-
merce, and the gomme du Galam of Soubeiran.

d. Ditto. (Gomme vermiculee.)

e. Ditto. (Gomme pellimlee.)

f. Ditto. (Gomme lignirode.)

88

202. Acacia Verek, continued.

g. Senegal gum. (Qomme Kuteera.)

Note. — The variety du has du Jleuve is the most esteemed in French com-
merce. Specimens d to g are gums which are found mixed with Senegal gum.
Gomme vermiculee is white, transparent internally, and occurs in cylindri-
cal curved pieces. Gomme pelliculee is of a reddish yellow tint, and has a
sort of vegetable epidermis on various parts of its surface. It is not
entii-ely soluble. Gomme lignirode is a very distinct gum, in large quite
opaque pieces of a dull yellowish brown colour. It dissolves in water,
leaving a residue of gnawed wood. It is known in French commerce as
marrons. According to Guibourt, some other gums, viz, , giMjn Kuteera
(see Sterculia tragacantha), gomme verte, which is greenish at first but
becomes yellowish white on exposure, and is difELcultly soluble, bdellium
and gomme Gonake from Acacia Adansonii (A. vera, Willd.?), distinguished
by its bitterness and dark colour, are also found in gum Senegal. Senegal
gum is known from gum arabic by its clear interior, fewer cracks, and
toughness. See Hist, des Drag., iii., p. 440.

h. Sennaar gum. (^Sennari G%m^

Note. — This specimen is white, and looks like the best Turkey gum ;
but among it may be seen pieces with a greenish tint. It jields a very
glairy mucilage. It is the kind referred to by Hanbury in Pharmaco-
grapMa, p. 210, note 3. It probably is identical also with the gomm£
verte of Guibourt. In English commerce it is known as Sennari gum.

203. Acacia species.

a. MacuUa best gum arabic. " So called by a native doctor

at Bombay." (P. 145.)

Note. — This is the specimen alluded to in Per. Mat. 3Ied., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p. 335 (P. 145). It is probably of African origin ; for, according to Dr.
Vaughan, African gum finds it way to Maculla. P. J. [1] , vol. xii., p. 226.
The specimen was presented to Dr. Pereira by Mr. Lawrence, Jan., 1834.

b. East Indian gum. (P. 146.)

Note.— This is called in India, Mocha and Barbary gum.

c. Surat inferior gum arabic. (P. 147.)

Note.— S-pecimens h and c are those alluded to in Per. Mat. Med. ,
vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 335.

d. Calcutta gum arabic.

e. East Indian gum arabic.
/. Bengal gum arabic.

Note. — The first three specimens came from Bombay. Specimen e seems
identical with the gomme lignirode of Guibourt. See gum Senegal and
Feronia elephantum.

g. Unnamed specimen, resembling East Indian gum.

h. Ditto, resembling Cape gum.

i. Purified gam. Presented by Mr. H. Picciotto. P. J.

[1] , vol. ix., p. 16.
j. Insoluble gum.
Note.—FoT adulteration of gum arabic, see P. J. [2] , vol. v., p. 238.

39

204. Acacia Catechu, T^ ^M.

a. Leaves and legumes. Bentl. <& Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 94.

b. Pale dull catechu in square cakes. (P. 112.)

Note.— This specimen is described in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p. 341. It is the Cachou terne et parallelopipede of Guibourt. See
Hist, des Drag., vol. iii., p. 413.

c. Dark shiny Pegu massive catechu.

Note. — This is the black catechu of English commerce. It is enveloped
in leaves of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus, Eoxb., according to Hanbury. It
is the Cachou de Pegu en masses, of Guibourt. Hist, des Drog., vol. iii.,
p. 416; Per. Mat. Med., I. c, p. 342, 3 ^3.

d. Brovfn catechu, in conical masses, from Siam. Per.

Mat. Med., 1. c, 4. a,; Journ. de Pharm. et de Ghim., tomes xi.
and xii., 1847.

e. Catechu, in flat cakes.

Note.— This is probably the kind described by Pereira. 1. c, 4 /3. It
resembles areca catechu in size and appearance, but has no paddy husks
upon it.

/. Black mucilaginous catechu. (P. 113.) Per. Mat. Med.,
1. c, 47.

Note. — This is the Cachou noir mucilagineux of Guibourt. Journ. de
Pharm. et Ghim., 1. c.

g. Dark brown siliceous catechu, in flattened circular or

quadi-augular cakes. Per. Mat. Med., 1. c, 4 5.
Note. — This is the Cachou hrun siliceux of Guibourt. Hist, des Drog.,
vol. iii., p. 415.

h. Extract made from variety g, by Messrs. Herrings

& Co.

i. Bad cutch.

j. Pale cutch. Presented by Mr. D, Hanbury, Dec, 1874.

A^ote.— This is the Kumaon catechu of the Pharmacographia, p. 214,
and perhaps the same as the " pale or whitish catechu in irregular lumps "
of Pereira {Mat. Med., 1. c, p. 343, 4 f), and the Cachou blanc enfume of
Guibourt [Hist, des Drag., vol. iii., p. 414). It is as pale as Gambler (see
Uncaria Gambier), and consists of almost pure catechin. Pereira's speci-
men was imported from Bombay under the name of Katha suffaid.
h. Succus acacisB.

Note. — Of this specimen the history cannot be traced. It appears in
Dr. Peoreira's catalogue (No. 134) without any comment whatever. It is
a round baU of catechu enclosed in a bladder, and is of the consistence
and appearance of solazzi juice, which it slightly resembles in flavour,
while it is also decidedly astringent.

205. Acacia Parnesiana, L.

a. Fruit. Presented by Prof. Guibourt.
2Vo«e.— From the flowers is made the essence and pommade de fleurs
de cassie of French perfumers ; and the bark yields a gum. The pods
were imported into France at one time fi-om the island of Mauritius
under the name of Balibabiilah. They are used there for tanning and to
dye black. For fig., see Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 396.

40

206. Acacia scandbns, L.

a. Seeds.

207. Adenanthera tavonina, L.

a. Seeds. (Barricarri Seeds.)

Note. — These smooth bright scarlet lenticular seeds are used for neck-
laces, etc. They weigh 4 grains each, with sufficient uniformity to be used
as weights by jewellers in the East. Treas. Bot., p. 18. Hist, des Drag.,
vol. iii., p. 379.

208. Albizzia anthelmintica, Brong.

a. Bark. Presented by Dr. Aquila Smith. (Musena BarJc.)

Note.— The bark is used in Abyssinia under the name of besenna or
mesenna, as a remedy for tapeworm. Treas. Bot., p. 34. P. J. [2j,
vol. xi., p. 326.

209. Prosopis dulcis, H. et B.

a. Gum. (Goma Mesquitina of Mexico.) Presented by
Dr. Lindley.

Note. — The gum is used instead of gum arable. A similar gum is
produced in Texas by P. glandulosa, and is known as mesquitg gum.
P. J. [3] , vol. iv., p. 289. The pods of P. dulcis are sweet, and are used
for cattle under the name of Algaroho. See Ceratonia siliqua. Treas.
Bot., p. 254 ; Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 504.

210. Prosopis pallida, H. B.

a. Legumes. (Algarolilla.)

Note. — This specimen was presented by Dr. Ure, who supposed it to be
the produce of Inga Marthas. The legumes are used for tanning.

MOEmGACE^.

211. MoRiNGA PTERTGOSPERMA, Gaertn. (Horseradish Tree.)

a. Fruit and seed.
Note. — The specimen of fruit belongs to the above species, but the
seeds are those of M. aptera, Decaisne, for they are not winged. The oil
of ben is obtained from the seeds of M. aptera. This oil does not readily
turn rancid, and for that reason was formerly much in demand by watch-
makers. P. J. [1] , vol. v., p.' 58 ; for fig. see Hist, des Drog., vol. iii.,
p. 387.

The root has the odour and taste of horseradish, and possesses vesi-
cant properties. Ind. Pharm., p. 61. See Pharmacographia, p. 68.

ROSACEA.
Tribe Amtgdale^.

212. Amtgdalus communis, var. a. amara ; Prdnus Amtgdaltjs, StoJces.

a. Drupes preserved wet.

h. Seeds. (Barhary Bitter Almonds.)

c. Ditto, powdered.

d. Fixed oil expressed from the seed.

e. Almond cake after expression of fixed oil.

41

212. Amtgualus communis, continued.

/. Volatile oil distilled from the cake after expression.

j^oie. —Bitter almonds frectuently occur mixed -with all varieties of the
sweet almonds, except the Jordan almonds.

Valencia almonds may generaUy be recognised by their greater com-
parative breadth and by their flatness ; the Barbary by their being
smaller and very variable in size and shape. Pharmacographia, pp.
216-223 ; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 243 ; for fig. of several varieties
see P.J. [1], vol. vi., p. 222; for micr. structure of seed, Berg, Anat.
Atlas, taf. 45 ; for almond paste, P. J. [1] , vol. iv., p. 387.

213. Amigdalus communis, var. ^ dulcis ; Pruntjs Amtgdalus,

Baillon.

a. Drupes, preserved wet.

h. Bndocarp and seed. (Shell Almonds.)

c. Seeds. (Jordan Almonds.)

d. Ditto. (Valencia Almonds.)

e. Ditto. (Barhary Almonds.)

f. Ditto, powdered.

For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 99.

214. Cerasus species.

a. Gum. (Cherry-tree Gum, Ghimmi Nostras.)
Note.— This gum is chiefly derived from Cerasus avium, L., and
Prunus domestica, L. It is only partly soluble in water. Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 302. Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 348.

h. Sicilian gum.

Note. — This is produced also by various species of Cerasus and
Prunus. Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 442.

215. CeEASUS SBKOTINA, D. 0.

a. Bark. (Wild Cherry Baric.)
h. Ditto, from young branches.

J^Toie.— Ofiacial in the United States Pharmacopoeia. It is used as a
sedative tonic in phthisis, etc.

It is the Prunus serotina, Ehrh., of Pharmacographia, p. 224, and the
Prunus Vii'giniana of commerce. It somewhat resembles elm bark in ap-
pearance but has a short not a fibrous fracture, and the taste resembles
that of apple seeds. See P. J. [2] , vol. v., p. 97 ; [3] , vol. iv., p. 387 ;
Per. Mat. Med., voL ii., pt. ii., p. 279. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 97.

Tribe Kose^.

216. Brateea ANTHELMiNTiCA, jK^zm^/i ; Hagbnia Abtssinica, Willd.

a. Flowers. (Kousso.)

h. Ditto, an original package.
Note. — These specimens appear to consist exclusively of the pistillate
flowers. A dried specimen of the plant is in the Herbarium. See Per.
Mat. Med. , vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 298 ; Pharmacographia, p. 228 ; for fig., P. J.
[1] , vol. x., p. 19. For fig. of flowers, etc., see Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 102.

42

217. Geum urbanum, L. {Avens, Eerb Sennet.)

a. Root. (OloveBoot, Radix Garyophyllata.)
Note.— ThiB specimen was found mixed in large proportion with arnic.
as an adulterant. It is distinguished from arnica by its astringent taste,
larger size, and by being a true vertical root, not a rhizome. The name
Herb Bennet is probably a corruption of the French name for the plant
" Benoite." See P. J. [1], vol. iv., p. 422 ; [3] , vol. iv. , p. 810 ; Hist,
des Drag., vol. lii., p. 306. For fig. of the root see Goebel und Kunze,
pt. 11. , taf . XXV., fig. 2.

218. G-iLLENiA STiPULACEA, S^prengr. (American Ipecacuanha, Indian

Phi/sic.)
a. Root.

Note.~The root is a mild emetic, and is ofiacial in the secondary list
of the United States Pharmacopoeia. See Wood and Bache, Dispens.,
p. 416. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 282.

219. GiLLENiA TEiFOLiATA, Md72c7i. (Bowman's Boot, DropwoH.)

a. Root.

Note.—Uses and properties similar to those of G. stipulacea. The
latter grows in the western, and G. trifoliata in the eastern, States. The
roots are sometimes found intermixed with those of senega. For fig. of
root, see Goebel und Kunze, taf. xiii. fig. 3.

220. POTBNTILLA TORMENTILLA, Schmnh.

a. Rhizome. (Tormentil Boot.) Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, No. 101.

Note.— The rhizome much resembles that of Sanguinaria Canadensis,
but is more pitted externally, and the transverse fracture is not dotted as
in Sanguinaria, and the taste is astringent, not acrid. For fig. of these
two roots, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxi., fig. 1 and 3.

221. QuiLLAIA SAPONARIA, MoUn.

a. Bark. (Quillai Barh.)

b. Ditto, fine specimen.

Note. — Quillai Bark is imported from Chili. It is used as a stimulant
and detergent in washes for the hair. It contains a principle allied to
saponin. Hist, des Brog., vol. iii., p. 308 ; Treas. Bot., p. 952 ; Journ. de
Pharm., t. xiv., p. 247 ; t. xix., p. 4.

222. Rosa canina, L. (Dog Base, Wild Bose.)

a. Fruit. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 103.
Note. — The conserve was formerly known as Extractum Cynosbati.
The root is still used as a remedy for hydrophobia in some parts of
France. Pharmacographia, p. 238 ; Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 295.
The fruit is a variety of SBterio called a cynarrhodon.

223. Rosa centipolia, L. (Gahbage Bose, Provence Bose.)

a. Flowers.

Note. — This is the common Cabbage Eose of the gardens. At Mitcham
it is said to be cultivated under the name of the Provence rose. Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 292; Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 29G ; ,
P. J. [1], vol. X., p. 170. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 105.

43

224. Rosa Damascena, Miller. {Damask Rose.)

a. Otto of rose.

6. Ditto, distilled in England.

c. Tinned copper bottle.
Note.— Otto of Eose is largely adulterated with Turkish oil of gera-
nium, or oil of gingergrass (Andropogon Nardus, L.), which, see. The
purest otto is imported in bottles caUed " cappers," of which specimen c
is an example. In Turkey these bottles are called " kunkoumas." The
oil imported in gilt bottles is generally much adulterated. See P. J.
[1] , vol ii., p. 663, for Indian otto ; P. J. [1] , vol. xviii., pp. 429-504 ;
[3] , vol. ii., p. 1051 ; vol. iv., pp. 426, 630 ; Pharmacographia, p. 233 ;
Journ. Bot., 1875, p. 8.

225. Rosa Gallica, L. {Rose de Provins.)

a. Flowers. See Bentley and Trimen, Bled. Plants, tab. 104.
Note.— The astringency of the flowers is due to quercitrin. P. J. [2] ,
vol. v., p. 185. At Mitcham this species is cultivated under the name
of the Damask Eose. P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 170. It is also largely culti-
vated at Provins, near Paris.

Tribe Pome^.

226. Ctdonia yulgaeis, Fers.; Pteus Ctdonia, L. (Quince.)

a. Seeds. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 106.
Note. — These seeds are readily distinguished from similar seeds of other
fruits by the fact that they always adhere together in small gi-oups. They
are used for bandoline and as an emoUieut apphcation to the skin, etc.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 303 ; Pharmacographia, p. 239.

LYTHRACE^.

227. Lawsonia inermis, L. ; Lawsonia alba, Lam. (Jamaica Migno-

nette, Egyptian Privet, Henna.)

a. Leaves and young twigs.
Note. — The leaves and young twigs are used for staining the nails a
reddish orange in Oriental countries. Treas. Bot., p. 665 ; P. J. [2] , vol.
v., p. 78 ; Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 511. The leaves are used for ulcerated
mouth, and the fruit is said to be emmenagogue. Ind. Pharm., p. 87.

228. Hydrangea arborbscbns, L. (Common Hydrangea,' Seven

Barlcs.)
a. Root.

Note. — Used as a remedy for gravel in the United States. P. J. [2]
vol. v., p. 310 ; American Dispens., p. 431.

CRASSULACE^.

229. Cotyledon Umbilicus, L. ; Umbilicus Veneris, Bay. (Navel-

wort, Wall Pennywort, Kidne^ivort.)

a. Entire plant. Preserved wet.
Note. — The leaves are dim-etic, and are used in epilepsy and as a domes-
tic remedy for corns and warts. This plant must not be confounded with
the marsh pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris, L.), which grows in boggy
places, and has a thinner leaf and a creeping habit. C. UmbiHcus grows
on rocky or sandy banks and walls. For fig. see P. J. [1] , vol, viii., p.
527. C. orbiculata. Hate, is used for similar purposes at the Cape of
Good Hope. P, J. [1] , vol. xiii., p. 459 ; Pappe's Fl. Cap., p. 17.

44

CUCURBITACE^.

230. Bryonia dioica, J"acg. (White Bryony, MandraJce Boot.)

a. Root.

b. Ditto, preserved wet.

Note.— The root is sometimes used as an application to discoloured
bruises. It must not be confounded with Black Bryony (Tamus com-
munis, L.), an endogenous plant, which has dark, shining, heartshaped
entire leaves, nor with the true mandrake (Atropa mandragora, L.). Per.
Mat. Med. , vol. ii., pt. ii. , p. 227. White Bryony root is said to have
been substituted for Calumba. It may be distinguished by the action of
Iodine upon the root. Bent, and Red. Mat. Med., p. 294; P. J. [1],
vol. xvii., p. 542 ; for fig., Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 258.

231. CiTRULLUS COLOCTNTHIS, Sclimcl.

a. Fruit. (Mogaclor Colocyiith.)

b. Ditto, decorticated. (Turl-ey Colocynth.)

c. Ditto, preserved wet.

d. Pulp of fruit.

e. Seeds, dark.
/. Ditto, pale.

Note. — The presence of seed in powdered colocynth pulp may be de-
tected by the dark colour and the fixed oil which can be extracted by
ether ; the pulp containing none, while the seeds contain 17 per cent.
Pharmacographia, p. 263. The pale seeds have lost their vitality ; they
occur in the fruit, mixed with the dark seeds. Bentley, Man. Bat., p. 521 ;
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii. , p. 210; Pharmacographia, p. 263; for
extract see P. J. [1] , vol. xii., pp. 376, 423 ; Pil. Coloc. Co., P. J. [1] ,
vol. xii., pp. 271, 323, 495. For Colocynthine, P. J. [1] , vol. x., p. 239.
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 114.

232. CUCURBITA SPECIES.

a. Oil. (Oleum Eguse.)

Note. — The oil is used in West Africa as a dietetic article and as an
appUcation to certain skin diseases. P. J. [1] , vol. xvi., p. 307.

233. EcBAtiLiuM OFPiciNARUM, Bich. ; E. Elaterium, a. Bich.; Mo-

MORDiCA Elaterium, L. (Sqidrting Oucuniber.)

a. Root, preserved wet.

b. Leaves and fruit, ditto.
G. Elaterium.

d. Ditto. Prepared at Mitcliam, in 1836, bj Messrs.

Potter & Moor.

e. Ditto. Prepared at Apothecaries' Hall in 1839.
/. Ditto. Maltese Elaterium.

Note. — The greenish colour of fresh Elaterium disappears after a time.
The Maltese kind often contains starch. P. J. [1] , vol. x., p. 168 ; Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 218. Bentl. d- Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 115.

45

234. Feuillea cordipolia, L. {Antidote Oacoons, Sequa, Avilla.)

a. Seeds. Presented by Mr. Dillon.
Note.— The seeds are purgative and emetic, and have an intensely-
bitter taste. They are used by the negroes in Jamaica as an antidote to
poisons. Treas. Bot., p. 491. The oil expressed from the seeds is used
as a remedy for rheumatism. The tmcture of the seeds is used to
counteract the effects of eatuig poisonous fish. P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 33 ;
[2] , vol. iv., p. 198.

235. Lagbnakia vtiLGARis, Ser. (Bottle Gourd, Oabaco, Oocombro,

Ahohara do Garneiro.)
a. Fruit.

Note.— The pulp possesses cathartic properties. The fruit is called
the bottle gourd from its shape. See Mlart. Syst. Mat. Med. Bras., p. 81.

236. LuFPA ^GTPTiACA, Dsc. (Toivel Gourd.)

a. Fruit, deprived of the soft parts.
Note.— The ligneous network of the fruit, split open, is used as a flesh
brush. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 522.

237. LuFFAP URGANS, Mart; MoMORDiCA LuFFA, L. (South Ameri-

can Coloci/nth, BucJm, Buchinha, Gabacinlio.)

a. Fruit and tincture.
Note. — The extract is used in Brazil as a substitute for colocynth, and
acts effectually in a dose of three grains. P. J. [1] , vol. v., p. 569 ; vol.
iv., p. 466; Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 522.

CACTACE^.

238. Opuntia coccinellifera, L. (Indian Fig, PricJcly Pear.)

a. Gum. (Gomme de Nopal.)
Note. — This specimen came from Mexico, and was presented by Dr.
Lindley. It is insoluble in water and contains crystals of oxalate of cal-
cium. Hist, des Brog., vol. iii., pp. 254, 453.

MTRTACE^.
Tribe Septosperm^.

239. Cartophyllus aromaticus, L.; Eugenia cartophyllata, TJiunh.

a. Leaves and flower-buds, preserved wet.
&. Unripe fruit, ditto. (Mother Cloves.)

c. Flower-buds. (Amhoyna Gloves.)

d. Ditto. (Bencoolen Cloves.)

e. Ditto. (Bourbon Cloves.)

f. Ditto. (Malabar Cloves.)

g. Ditto. (Zanzibar Cloves.)

Note. — Mother cloves contain large starch granules, by which their
presence may be detected if present in powdered cloves. Clove stalks are
imported into this country, and used for adulterating powdered cloves.
They may be detected by containing thick-walled cells, which are not
present in cloves. Pharmacographia, p. 255. For Cai-yophyDin, see
P. J. [1] , vol. X., p. 343 ; for percentage of oil, P. J. [1] , vol., xi., p. 470.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 112.

46

240. EocALYPTUS AMTGDALiNA, LaUll. (Nurrow-leaved Peppermint

Tree.)

a. Balaam. Presented by Mr. J. N. Bosisto, of Melbourne.
1). Gam.

c. Volatile oil. p. j. [3] , vol. iii. , pp. 23, 43.

Note.—lhQ leaves 4nd young branches yield 2 to 4 per cent, of volatile
oil, which is used in soap manufactories to dilute otto of roses, neroli,
and other expensive perfumes. It does not answer so well as the Mallee
oil (E. oleosa) for dissolving amber, opal, and Kaurie gum. P. J. [3] .
vol. ii., p. 628. The gum is soluble in water, but the solution is turbid
when cold. P. J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 103.

241. Eucalyptus fabrorum, SchlecU. (Stringy Bark Tree.)

a. Gam.

Note. — The gum is not readily soluble in water. This specimen was
presented by Mr. Bosisto. P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 103. This species is
referred by Bentham to E. obhqua, Herit.

242. Eucalyptus globula, Lahill. (Blue Ghim Tree.)

a. Gum.

h. Eucalyptol.

Note. — The gum is very astringent, and soluble in water, but the solu-
tion is turbid when cold. This specimen was obtained from blue gum
trees cultivated in Ceylon. Presented by Mr. A. P. Balkwill, of Plymouth,
August, 1873. Dried specimens of the plant are in the Herbarium.
Eucalyptol is that portion of the volatile oil which boUs regularly at
175° F. P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 78. For micr. structui-e of leaves, see P. J.
[3] , vol. iii., p. 990. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 109.

243. Eucalyptus mannifera, A. Gunn.

a. Saccharine exudation. (Aiistralian Manna.)
Note. — E. viminahs, Lahill, yields a similar substance. See Melitose,
Gmelin, Chem., vol. xv., p. 292. Bentham, in the Fl. Aust., refers A.
mannifera, A. Gunn, to a form of E. viminalis with large fruit.

244. Eucalyptus kesinifera, Lin.

a. Bark.

h. Ditto, witb gum attached.

c. Gum. (Botany Bay Kino.)

Note. — This gum may be recognised by its reddish tint and powdery
surface. Its tincture is said to be more liable to deposit pectine than East
Indian kino. Botany Bay kino is probably produced by several species
of Eucalyptus. Pharmacographia, p. 174,

245. Eucalyptus eostbata, SMecht.

a. Gum. (Bed Gum.)
Note. — The name red gum is also sometimes applied to the gum of E.
resinifera.

For further information on the various species of Eucalyptus, see P, J .
[3] , vol. iv., pp. 494, 731, 872 ; also Raveret Wattel on L'Eucalyptus,
Bull, de la Soc. d'Acclimatation, 1871 ; Lancet, April 20, 1872.

47

246. Eugenia Pimenta, D. C; Pimenta officinalis, Lindl. (Allspice.)

a. Pmit.

b. Volatile oil of the fruit.

Note.— In France, the name Piment is applied to the Capsicum and to
Ghenopodium Botrys, L., allspice being distinguished as Piment de la
Javiaique. Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., p. 275 ; Treas. Bot., pp. 475, 889 ;
Pharmacographia, p. 255. P.. J. [2] , vol. vii., p. 616. For fig. of plant,
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 110, 111.

247. Eugenia Jambos, L. {Rose Apple.)

a. Fruit, preserved wet.
Note. — The rose apple is also yielded by E. malaccensis. Treas. Bot.,
p. 475.

248. Melaleuca MINOR, Smith; M. lbucadbndron, i. (Gajeput Tree.)

a. Volatile oil, from the leaves. (Cajeput Oil.)
Note. — It occasionally contains traces of copper, as the oil readily acts
on that metal when kept in copper vessels. It dissolves India-rubber.
P. J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 804 ; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 227 ; Pharma-
cographia, p. 247. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 108.

249. Melaleuca beicipolia, Smith.

a. Volatile oil.

Note. — This oil agrees with that of M. minor, except in optical
properties. Pharmacographia, p. 249.

250. Meteosideros tomentosa, Bich. (Fire Tree, Fohutu Kawa.)

a. Bark.

Note. — It is called in New Zealaild the fire tree, on account of the
brilliant colour of its flowers. Treas Bot., p. 740. The specimen of
bark was presented by Dr. Forbes Watson.

Tribe Mtrte.s.
261. Punica Granatum, L. (Pomegranate.)
a. Emit.

h. Flowers. (Balaustine Flowers.)

c. Root bark.

Note. — Box-tree bark is somewhat similar in appearance to the root
bark, but is not affected by ferric salts. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. n.,
p. 240 ; Pharmacographia, p. 257 ; P. J. [2] , vol. iii., p. 429. The
curious fruit of this tree appears to be formed by an outer row of carpels
being brought above the lower row during the growth of the fruit. See
Martins' Flor. Bras., fasc. xviii., pt. i., taf. 8, 9. For fig. of plant, see
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 113.

LECTTHIDACEiE.
252. Lectthis Zabucajo, Auhl; L. usitata, Miers.
a. Seeds. (Sapucaya Nuts.)
Note. — The seeds, incorrectly called nuts, come from Para. They are
edible, and an oil is obtained from them. Treas. Bot., p. 667 ; Hist, des
Drog. , vol. iii., p. 271. P. J. [3], vol. v., p. 726.

48

MELASTOMACE^.

253. Memectlon grandis, Betz.

a. Bark.

Note. — This specimen -was presented by Dr. De Vry.

HALORAGACE^.

254. Tbapa bispinosa, Eoxh. {Water Ohestnut, SingJiara Nut.)

a. Fruit.

Note.— The seeds are edible. For fig. of the starch see P. J. [3] , vol. i.,
p. 125. For fig. of the fruit, etc., see Treas. Bot., p. 1161.

COMBRETACE^.

255. Teeminalia Belerica, Eoxh.

a. Drupes. (Bastard Myrabolans, Bedda Nuts.)

256. Teeminaxia Oatappa, L.

a. Eruifc.

Note. — The kernels, which are called in India " Country Almonds,"
yield a bland oil, similar to that of almonds, but containing more steariue.
See Ind. Pharm., p. 89.

257. Teeminalia Chebula, Betz.

Q,. Drupes. {GhehuUc Myraholans.)

h. Ditto, imma,ture, from RoMlkuiid.. (Blach Myraholans.)

258. Teeminalia citeina, Boxh.

a. Drupes.

Note. — The fruits of the above species are imported into this country in
large quantities for calico printing and tanning, and are ground in mills
specially constructed for the pm-pose, chiefly in the north of England.
The fruits of T. chebula are purgative without griping. The unripe fi-uits,
or black myrabolans, are called Hurritokee in India ; specimen 258 b, is
one of those exhibited at the International Exhibition of 1851. The
fruits are used as an astringent in diarrhoea. Those of T. Belerica are
intoxicating, and even narcotic if taken in quantity. Bentley, Man.
Bot., p. 531. Lindletfs Fl. Med., p. 633. For fig. of fruits, see Hist,
des Drag., vol. Mi., pp. 283-285.

BHIZOPHORACE^.

259. Rhizophora Mangle, L. (Black Mangrove Tree.)

a. Bark.

jV^ofe.— The bark is astringent, and is used for dyeing and tanning.
Treas. Bot., p. 976 ; P. J. [1] , vol. vi., p. 11.

260. Rhizophora racemosa, Meyer.

a. Bark.

jYote.— This specimen is from the International Exhibition of 1851,
and was contributed by Mr. J. S. Stutchbuiy, of Demerara. It is said to
be a valuable remedy in cases of chylous urine. P.J. [1] , vol xi., p. 160.
Trees of several other families are called mangroves. See Treas. Bot.,
p. 717.

49

CORNACE^.

261. CoRNUS FLORIDA, L. (American Dogwood.)

a. Bark. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 136.
Note.— Omd&l in the U. S. P. It is used like ciuchona bark.
Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 329 ; Treas. Bot., p. 383.

UMBELLIFER^.

262. ^THUSA Ctnapium, L. (Fools' Parsley.)

a. Umbels and fruit. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas,
taf. 41.

Note. This plant much resembles hemlock ; it may be distinguished

by having three long pendulous bracts beneath each partial imibel, no
general involucre, and no spots on the stem. For fig. of fruit, see P. J .
[1] , vol. ii., p. 341. The ridges of the fruit are not crenate, and there are
vittaj between the ridges. See Conium maculatum ; Pharmacographia,
p. 269 ; Treas. Bot., p. 26. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 125.

263. Anbthum grayeolens, L. ; Peucedanum graveolens, Benth.

a. Eruit. (Dill Seed.)
h. Volatile oil.

Note. — Dill is known in India under the name of suva or sdyah. It is
the anise of Matthew xxiii. 23. Pharmacographia, p. 292. For micr.
section of fruit, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 43. It yields 2-8 per cent, of
volatile oU. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 132.

264. Apictm Petroselinum, L. (Parsley.)

a. Root, preserved wet. Presented by Mr. Squire.

b. Emit. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 42.

c. Volatile oil.

Note. — The seeds possess diuretic properties. Treas. Bot , p. 79. For
Apiol, see P. J. [2] , vol. iv., p. 269.

265. Archangelioa officinalis, Hoffrti.

a. Root, preserved wet. Presented by Mr. Squii'e.

h. Fruit.

c. Volatile oil.

Note. — The root is used in some parts of the country for toothache,
like peUitory root. It forms an ingredient in the cholera powder of
herbalists, being considered anti-pestUential. The fi'uits are said to be
used to flavour gin. The green stalks are sold as an ai'omatic candj'.
P. J. [1] , vol. ii., p. 206 ; Treas. Bot., p. 66. For micr. section of root,
see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 14. For fig. of root, see Goebel und Kunze,
pt. ii., taf. xxvi., fig. 1.

266. Carum Caevi, L. (Caraway.)

a. Fruit. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 42.
h. Ditto, powdered.

c. Ditto. (Mogador Caraways.) B. & Tr., Med. PL, tab. 121.

d. Volatile oil.

Note. — The fruits yield 4-9 per cent, of oil. The Mogador caraways
were presented by Mr. D. Hanbury ; they are paler and longer than other
varieties. Pharmacographia, p. 271 ; P. J. [3] , vol. iii., p. 623.

E

50

2G7. CicuTA vmosA, L. {Water Eemlock, Cowhane.)
a. Root.

h. Fruit. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. xlii., fig. 100.
Note.— The fruits are globular, and the leaflets lanceolate and sharply
serrate, and the plant may thus be distmguished from hemlock and water
dropwort. The root of Cicuta virosa is prajmorse, that of (Enanthe
crocata has five or more tubercules. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 118, 119.

268. CoNiUM MACULATUM, L. (Eemloch.)

a. Fruit. For micr. sect., see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. xlii., fig. 104.
h. Leaves. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 118.

c. Stem, leaves, flowers, and fruit.

d. Root, preserved wet. Presented by Mr. Squire.

Note. — There is an exotic plant, Charophyllum cicutarium, which
closely resembles Conium, in having a smooth spotted stem and similar
leaves ; but it has not the odour of Conium, and the fruit is cylindrical,
and longer than that of hemlock. Conium fruits resemble in size and
shape those of Kussian anise ; but the latter usually have the stalks
attached, and are covered with minute haii-s. Conium fi'uits have no
vittse. Bough Chervil (Chaerophyllum temuliun, Linn.) has a rough
spotted stem, with swollen joints. See Jilthusa Cynapium and CEnanthe
crocata. Pharmacographia, p. 266 ; P. J. [1] , vol. v., p. 40 ; [2] , vol. ix.,
pp. 53, 471 ; [2] , vol. viii., pp. 413, 452, 572, 601, 710 ; [3] , vol. i., pp. 348,
584, 848. For Conia and Conhydrine, P. J. [1], vol. xvii., p. 214. For
the extract, P. J. [1] , vol. x., p. 267.

269. CoRiANDRUM SATIVUM, L. (Gol, CoUander, Coriander.)

a. Fruit.

h. Volatile oil.

j^ote. — The fruits yield a half per cent, of volatile oil. The fresh plant
has an odour like that of bugs. P. J. [1] , vol. xii., p. 396 ; Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 293. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 133.

270. CuMiNUM Ctminum, L.

a. Fruit. (Gummin Seed.) Bentl. d Tr., Med. Plants, t&h.l34:.

Note. Cummin fruits somewhat resemble in size and shape those of

fennel, but usually have the ridges finer, more numerous, and covered
with minute bristles. Cummin fruits yield about one half per cent, of
volatile oil. Pharmacographia, p. 295. For fig. see Hist, des Drog., vol.
iii., p. 227. For micr. section, Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. xUi. , fig. 107.

271. Caucus Carota, L.

a. Fruit. (Carrot Seed.)
Note.— For micr. section of fruit see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. xliii., fig.
111. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 136.

272. DoREMA Ammoniacum, Von.

a. Flowering stem, with the gum resin and a few seeds
attached. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 129, 130.
Note.— This interestmg specimen was brought from near Ghorian in
Persia,*by Sir J. MacNeill, in 1839, and presented to Dr. Lindley, from
whom 'Dr. Pereira received it. A letter concerning the specimen is
enclosed in the jar with it. P. J. [1] , vol. i., p. 578.

51

272. DoEEMA Ammoniacum, continued.

&. Gum resin ; ammoniacum in lump.
Note. — This specimen is from the same source as specimen a.

c. Ammoniacum in lump, showing the impression of matting.

d. Ditto, showing impression of canvas.

e. Ammoniacum in tears. Two specimens.

Note. — Ammoniacum in tears somewhat resembles olibanum externally,
but has a smooth surface outside and an opaque fracture ; while olibanum
is powdery externally, and has a translucent fracture and different odour.
Lump ammoniacum resembles galbanum ; but, unUke the latter, it can-
not be indented by the finger nail. Pharmacographia, p. 288. P. J. [3] ,
vol. vi. , p. 321.

African ammoniacum is very similar in appearance, but has an odour
resembling that of apples. See Ferula tingitana, P. J. [3] , vol. iii., p. 761.

273. EuKYANGiUM SuMBUL, Kaufman.

a. Root. (Sttmhul Boot, Music Boot.)
Note. — Sumbul appears to be a generic name in India for perfumed
roots. P. J. [1] , vol. vii., p. 546. Of Indian Sumbul there is no speci-
men in the museum. P. t7. [1] , vol. v., p. 46; vol. xi., p. 358; [3],
vol. vi., p. 43. Pharmacographia, p. 278. A specimen of the plant is
in the Herbarium of the Society. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 131.

274. Ebtngium campestre, L.

a. Eoot. (Eringo Boot.)

Note. — Formerly official in the Ph. L., and the roots were sold in a
candied state.

275. FcENicuLUM DULCE, D. 0. {Boman Fennel, Siveet Fennel.)

a. Fruit, See Hist, des Drag., vol. iii., p. 231.

h. Fruit. (Saxon Fennel.) Bentl. d- Trim., Med. Plants, No. 123.

276. F(ENiCDLUM Panmorium, D. G. (Indian Fennel.)

a. Fruit. (Panmuhuri.)

277. FcENiCDLUM vuLGARE, Gaertn.

a. Fruit. (Wild Fennel, Bitter Fennel.)
Note.— The most esteemed sort of fennel seeds, or more properly fruits
are longer than other varieties, and ai-e obtuse at the ends. The smaller
variety, known in commerce as short fennel seeds, are not so sweet, and
are tapering at the ends, and much resemble cummin in size and shape.
The Indian fennel seeds are somewhat obtuse at the ends, and generally
quite straight. Wild fennel seeds are short, dark, and obtuse at the ends
The above species are generally supposed to be varieties of Fceniculum
vulgare. Pharmacographia, p. 274 ; Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 398.

278. Ferula galbaniflua, Boiss. et Biihse.

a. Gum resin ; Galbanum in lump.

b. Ditto; Galbanum in tears. Bentley and Trimen, Med

Plants, No. 128,

A^ote,— Galbanum may be distinguished from other gum resins by its
faintly alliaceous, somewhat musky, odour, and by behag easily indented
by the finger nail, especiaUy where the tears have a bluish tint Gal
banum is also produced by F, rubricaulis, Boiss. Pharmacographia p oqs

52

279. Ferula orientalis, L.

a. Eoot. (Fasogh, or Feslioolc.)
Note.— IhiB root has been twice sent from Morocco, as that of the
plant yielding African ammoniacum. This specimen was presented by
Dr. A. Leared. Another specimen is now (1876) growing in the Eoyal
Botanical Gardens, Eegent's Park, London.

280. Ferula Tingitana, L.

a. Gum resin. {African Ammoniacum.)

Note.— This gum resin is called Feshook in Mogador, and is said
by Lindley to be yielded by the above-mentioned plant. Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 289. See Dorema ammoniacum. The root sent over from
Morocco as that of the Feshook plant produces Ferula orientaUs, L.,
when grown in this country. P, J. [3], vol. vi.J p. 142.

The taste and odour of the Museum specimen of African Ammoniacum
correspond more nearly with those of the root of F. Tingitana.

281. Heraclbum Sphondtlium, L.

a. Fruit.

Note. — This fruit shows the usual shape of vittffi with remarkable
distinctness.

282. Hydrocottle Asiatica, L.

a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 117.
Note. — The leaves are official in the Ind. Pharm. They are used
either in powder or in the form of poultice, as an application to
syphilitic ulcers. Ind. Pharm., p. 107 ; Pharmacographia, p. 264.
283. . Narthex assafcetida, Falconer ; Ferula JSTarthex, Boiss.
a. Root.

6. Gum resin, in lumps. Two specimens.

c. Ditto, in tears. Two specimens.
Note. — The darker specimens of 6 and c belonged to Dr. Pereira, and
are those from which his description of the drug was taken. Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 177. Scorodosma foetidum, Bunge, is also
supposed to yield some of the assafcetida of commerce. Pharmacographia,
p. 284. Pure assafcetida is known under the name of hing in Bombay,
the impure drug being called hingra. The root, specimen a, was
gathered in Beloochistan, in 1850, by Dr. J. E. Stocks, see P. J. [1] , vol.
xiv., p. 460. For oil of assafcetida, see P. J. [1] , vol. i., p. 605 ; tincture,
P. [3], vol. iv., p. 168; syrup, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 630; glycerole,
P. J. [3J , vol. iii., p. 186. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 126, 127.

284. CBnanthe crocata, L. {Bemloch, Water Dropwort.)

a. Fruit.

]<[ote. — The fruit is much longer than that of conium, and is more
cylindrical; it has also two long persistent styles. It is often con-
founded with Cicuta virosa, which see for distinctive characters. P. J.
[1] , vol. xii., p. 591. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. PlanU, tab. 121.

285. Opopanax Chirontum, Koch.

a. Gum resin ; Opopanax in lump.

&. Ditto ; Opopanax in tears.
Note.—ThQ lump opopanax has a slight resemblance externally to
myrrh, but the odour is very different, and has been compared to that
of bruised ivy leaves. Pharmacographia, p. 291 ; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
p. 191. Guibourt is incUned to refer Opopanax to Heracleum Pauaces,
L. Hist, des Drag., vol. iii., p. 250.

53

286. PiMPINELLA AnISUM, L.

a. Fruit. (Aliocmt Aniseed.)

h. Ditto. {German Aniseed.)

c. Ditto. {H/iissian Aniseed.)
Note.—Rnssmn aniseed is much smaller than the other varieties, being
about the size of hemlock fruit, from which it may be distinguished at
sight by the persistent fruit stalks and the mericarps remaining united.
The Alicant variety is the best. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 162 ;
Pharmacographia, p. 277. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 122.

287. Ptychotis Ajowan, D. 0. (True Bishop's Weed.)

a. Fruits. {Ajowan Seeds, Semen AjavcB.)
Note.— The fruits are official in the Ind. Pharm., under the name of
Carum Ajowan, Bentli, and are used as a carminative. The fruits are
covered with minute tubercles, by which, and by their thyme-like odour,
they may be distinguished from the seeds of Apium graveolens, A. in-
volucratum, and A. petroselinum, which in size and shape they much
resemble. Ind. Pharm., p. 99; Pharmacographia, p. 271, art. Ammi
Copticum; P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 272. For fig., see P. J. [3], vol. i.,
p. 1007. Bentley and Trimen, Med, Plants, tab. 120.

288. Sagapbnum.

a. G-um resin ; Sagapenum in lumjD.

b. Ditto ; Ditto in tears.

c. Ditto ; Ditto somewhat agglutinated.

Note. — The botanical source of the drug is unknown. In mediceval
times it was called serapimim. It smells hke assafoetida, but less
strongly, and differs in the tears not becoming pink when broken and
exposed to the air. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 183 ; Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 291.

289. Selinum palustee, L. ; Peucedanum montanum, Koch.

a. Root.

Note. — The root is used like ginger in Eussia. In Courland it is
used for epilepsy. Lindley's Fl. Med., p. 49. P. J. [2], vol, i., p. 234.

290. Thapsia Garganica, var. y. Silphium, D. C.

a. Root.

Note. — This specimen was presented by Dr. A. Leared, and was received
by him from Mogador. The small specimen in the same bottle was brought
from Cyrenaica by Vice-Consul Henderson, of Bengazi. See P.J. [3] , vol.
iv., p. 698. A leaf of the plant is in the Herbarium of the Society. It
is distinguished from the typical plant by the leaves beiag hairy, and by
their having revolute margins. De Candolle Prodromus, vol. iv., p. 202.

ARALIACE^.

291. Aralia SPiNOSA, L. (Angelica Tree, Toothache Tree, Prickly

Elder.)

a. Bark. (Aralia Baric.)
h. Root.

Official in the secondary list of the U. S. P. It is used as a
stimulant and diaphoretic. Avier. Dispens., p. 125.

54

292. Aralta nudtcaulis, L. {American Sm-saimrilla, Wild or False

Sarsaparilla, Small Spikenard.)
a. Root. Two specimens.
J^Tote.— Official in secondary Hst of the U. S. P, It is used as a
diaphoretic and alterative, like sarsaparilla. Amer. Dispena., p. 124.

293. Panax Ginseng, Mey.

a. Root. (Ginseng Boot.)
Note. — This specimen was brought from China by Mr. E. Fortune.
P. J. [2] , vol. iii., p. 332. By the Chmese this root is valued at its
weight in gold ; and most wonderful restorative properties are ascribed
to it. Dr. Porter Smith's Mat. Med. China, p. 103.

294. .Panax quinquefolium, L.

a. Root. (American Ginseng.)
Note. — This root is occasionally found accidentally mixed with senega
and with serpentary roots. Avier. Dispens., p. 596. Goebel und Kunze,
pt. ii., taf. V. fig. 1., a, b, c, e.

COROLLIFLOR^.

CAPRIFOLIACE^.

295. Sambtjcus nigra, L.

a. Section of trank.

b. Bark.

c. Ditto, separated from flower stalks.

d. Volatile oil, from the flowers.

e. Ditto, dissolved in spirit of wine.

Note. — The bark is purgative. As sold on the Continent the flowers
usually have the stalk attached ; but in this country, except in some of
the provinces, without them. Treas. Bat., p. 1013. The leaves are used
to colour oleum viride and ung. sambuci viride, and the juice of the
berries to colour artificial wines. For detection of elder juice in wine,
see P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 843. For volatile oil, Gmel. Chem., vol. xiv.
(1860), p. 368. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 137, 138. An
allied species, S. Canadensis, L., is of&cial in the U. S. P.

RUBIACE^.

296. Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, A. Bich. (Foaya verdadeira, vel de

Botica, Brazil.)

a. Root. Brown annulated ipecacuanha.

h. Ditto. Blackish grey ditto. Prom Prof. Guibourt.

c. Ditto. Brown non- annulated. See Pe?-. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,

pt. ii., p. 58, fig. Sb,

d. Ditto. Red annulated ditto.

e. Ditto. Reddish grey ditto. From Prof Guibourt.
■f. Grey annulated ditto.

g. Ditto, with the rings not well developed.

55

296. Cbphaelis Ipecacuanha, continued.

Note.— The above specimens are those described in Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 58. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab, 145.

h. Brown ipecacuanha root.

i. Carthagena or New Granada ipecacuanha, 1873.
2^oje._Specimen i appears to be identical with the grey annulated

ipecacuanha of Pereii-a. It is larger and less annulated than the ordinary
kind. Pharmacographia, p. 331, 334. The term poaya is applied to many
emetic roots in Brazil. For micr. sect, of root, see Berg, Anat. Atlas,
taf. vii. For fig. of root, see Martins, Specim. Mat. Med. Brasil., tab. 8.

COLLECTION OF TYPICAL CINCHONA BAEKS.

297. (1) Cinchona Calisata, Weddell. (Calisaija Baric.)

a. Bark. Flat Calisaya.

h. Ditto. Quilled Calisaya, from South America.

c. Ditto. Ditto, cultivated in India.

d. Ditto. Ditto, cultivated in Java.

e. Ditto. Ditto, var. Ledgeriana.

Note.— The flat Calisaya may be recognised by being deprived of the
periderm or external layer, and by having digital furrows, i.e., longitu-
dinal shallow depressions, such as would be made by drawing the finger
along the sm-face of putty or dough. The fibres are short, and under a
lens many .of them are seen to be translucent. There are several
varieties of flat Cahsaya, distinguished by tint, as orange, pale, and dark
CaUsaya. The Bolivian quilled Calisaya bark is usually in larger quills
than that of C. Condaminea, and the periderm peels off readily, leaving
the marks of its fissures visible in the portion underneath. Indian
quilled calisaya is usually in smaller quills, and closely resembles in
appearance the bark of C. Condaminea ; it generally has, however, a few
distinct transverse cracks encircling the quills.

(2) Cinchona lancifolu, Mutis.

a. Large quilled pieces. {Columbian Baric.)
Note. — This bark is distinguished by its very fibrous fracture, and by
occurring always in. more or less curved or quilled pieces of tolerable
thickness, having externally the remains of a whitish silvery periderm.
Varieties of this baxk are known under the names of Caqueta bark and
Carthagena bark. Soft Columbian bark, according to Hanbury, is produced
by C. lancifolia, var. oblonga, How. See transl. Wedd. Notes on Quinq., p.
28. Some of it, however, is produced by a comparatively worthless bark,
C. lucumajfolia, Pav. Columbian bark is largely used in the manufacture
of quinine. From a memorandum on a specimen of this bark in Dr.
Pereu-a's collection, it seems to have been first noticed in EngUsh
commerce in 1829.

(3) Cinchona officinalis, Sook. (Pale Bark.)

a. Quills, from South America.
6. Ditto, from India.

c. Ditto, from Java.

d. Ditto, from Ceylon.

Note. — Pale bark always occurs in quills ; the quills from South America
are usually more covered with lichens than those from India. The

56

97. (4) Cinchona officinalis, continued.

periderm does not readily peel off. Several other species yield barks
similar in appeai-ance : viz., C. macrocalyx, Pav., C. Humboldtiana,
Lamb., C. Peruviana, IIoio., C. nitida, R. et P., C. micrantha, It. et P., C.
Pahudiana, Hotv., C. Hasskarliana, How. The first five come chiefly
from Peru, the last two are hybrids cultivated in India and Java.
(5) Cinchona succirubra, Pav.

a. Red bark, in flat pieces, from South America.
&. Ditto, in quills, from India.

c. Ditto, in small quills.

d. Ditto, in very slender quills.

A^oie.— Specimen d was presented by Mr. Southall. As analysed by
Dr. De Vrij it contained —

Cinchonine 1-125

Paricine ... ... l-llO

Amorphous Alkaloids 0-566

2-800

Its geographical source is unknown.

>8. ThefoUovjing specimens consist of a series of Cinchona Barks
AND their Alkaloids, presented by Messrs. Howard & Sons.
To many of these specimens remarks hy Mr. J. E. Howard
are appended. These remarTcs are placed between inverted
commas. The initials J. E. H. indicate notes inserted hy
Mr. Howard ivhen revising this portion of the Catalogue.

(1) Cinchona amtgdalifolia, Wedd.

a. Bark, in flat pieces and in quills.
Note. — This bark is not now imported, but used to come occasionally
into commerce from Peru and Bolivia. It has a white deeply fissured
outer layer, easily peeling off, and leaving a silvery coat underneath. It
was considered of little value, and was not distinguished by any special
name in English commerce. "In Bolivia it is called Quepo cascarilla, and
in Peru, Cascarilla echenique." See Wedd. Ann. Sc. Nat., 1869, p. 37.
Hist, Nat. Quinq., p. 46., tab. vi. ; Per. MatJ Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 75.

(2) Cinchona australis, Wedd. (Gochahamha Barh.)

a. Small flat pieces without periderm.

Note. — This is an inferior bark occurring mixed with CaJisaya. It
comes from Southern BoUvia, and is stUl occasionally met with in
English commerce. In Bolivia it is called Cascai-illa de la Cordillera, or
de Piray, and Cascarilla de Santa-Cruz. See Wedd. Ann. Sc. Nat., vol.
X., p. 7; and Hist. Nat. Quinq., pt. viii. In English commerce this bark
is known as " Cochabamba bark."

It occurs in small flat pieces without periderm, much thinner than
Cahsaya, finely fibrous, externally marked with, fine longitudinal wrinkles,
and having a more astringent taste than Calisaya.

(3) Cinchona Calisaya, Wedd. (Calisaya Baric.)
Var. a. VERA, Wedd.

a. Yellow Calisaya, in flat pieces, without periderm.

57

298. (3) Cinchona Calisaya, contimaed.

h. Ditto, in quills, with the periderm partly exfoliated.

c. Ditto, in quills, with periderm.

d. Ditto, ditto, with very rough periderm.

]<[ote. — The above specimens are called Calisaya amarilla, dorada,
or anaranjada (yellow, golden, or orange-coloured Calisaya), in Bolivia.
Specimen c is the " China Eegia conyoluta of Bergen." For fig. see Goebel
wnd Kimze, taf. vii., fig. 5, 6. Specimen d was probably "obtained from
near the root." For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 141.

e. Pale Calisaya, in flat pieces.

/. Ditto, ditto. For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. viii.,
figs. 1-4.

g. Ditto, in large very thin quills. For fig., see ibid.-, taf. vu.

figs. 5, 6.

J^ote.— Specimen e resembles C. cordifoUa externally, but differs in
fractui-e ; specimen / is the " old monopoly /S. bark of J. T. Pinto &
Co.," and is marked with theh brand ^.T.pS- Specimen </ is " more
like " the bark of var. y, " morada."

li. Dark Calisaya, in large flat pieces, with but little
periderm.

Note. — Compare specimen h with C. ovata, var. §, Erythroderma.

Woody variety, from Carabaya.
Note. — Specimen h is called in Peru, Cahsaya zamba, negra, or macha,
i.e., black, or male Cahsaya. It grows in Apolobamba and Carabaya,
in Peru. Per. Mat. Med., vol. u., pt. u., p. 88. Specimen i is marked
thus, " unknown to WeddeU." It has a coai-ser fibre than the other
varieties.

j. In large quills, with periderm.
Note. — This bai-k is called Cascai'Ula zamba morada. It is the
"Calisaya morada of WeddeU," and is a "very tine bark." Where
exfoliated it has a purplish tinge.

h. Large quills, with periderm.
jVote.— See P. J. [2] , vol. viii., pp. 14, 80.

Var. 0. JosEPHiANA, Wedd.

a. Flat pieces, with periderm.

b. Bark from the root.

Note.— These specimens are the Ichu Cascarhla, or Cascarhla del
pajonal (meadow cinchona), of the natives; so called because the tree
prefers open ground, or meadows on the mountains, and is not found
in the forests. Specimen a is marked " Cahsaya of uncertain kind, bark
from the stock." This bark always occurs in short more or less twisted
pieces.

Var. y. MORADA, Planch.

a. Quills, with periderm. (Fine Calisaya.)

b. Ditto, ditto. (Calisaya Verde.)

c. Ditto, without periderm.

d. Thin flat pieces, without periderm.

58

298. (3) Cinchona Calisaya, contirmed. '

e. Thick and flat or slightly curved picxjcs.

y, Morada, is the C. Boliviana of Wedd., the CaBcarilla
morada of Bolivia, and the Cascarilla verde morada of Peru. Specimen d
is kno\vn by the name of " CharquesUlo" (charque moaning strips of sun-
dried flesh). Specimen e is called " tabla." It is a " very fine bark." It
" differs from the Calisaya morada of Weddell. " See specimen d of var.
a, Vera. According to Weddell Calisaya bark may be distinguished
from C. scrobiculata, H. and B., and from C. ovata, var. rufinervis, by the
fibres being easily detached from a transverse fracture instead of being
flexible and adherent as in the two latter barks. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. ii., p. 88. In C. scrobiculata the fibres form radial and less interrupted
rows. In C. Calisaya, var. y morada (C. Boliviana, Wedd.) the flat pieces
possess laticiferous vessels, while the flat Calisaya does not ; they are
present, however, in the quills of both species, and the morada variety can
then only be distinguished by its relative thinness. Pharmacographia,
p. 320 ; P. J. [2] , vol. viii., p. 14.

(4) Cinchona cordifolia, Wedd. (Hard Garthagena Bark.)

a. Large quills.
h. Mat pieces.

Note. — This bark is the hard Garthagena bark of Pereira, or hard
Columbian bark of commerce, and the China flava dura of Bergen. In
Peru and Bolivia it is known as " Cascarilla mula ;" and in Bogota as
" Quina amariUa." The quills are usually large, heavy, and without
periderm ; sometimes of a tea green tint, and wrinkled longitudinally, but
generally much resembling in colour those of C. lancifoHa, from which
they differ in having a very short, not fibrous, fracture. The flat pieces
are thin, hard, somewhat curved, and of a tea green or maroon tint, with
the remains of a white periderm, and small flat pale brown warts. The
taste is earthy and bitter. Maracaibo bark (C. Tucujensis) was formerly
included by Pereii-a and Planchon under this species. Hist, des Drog.,
vol. iii., p. 177. This bark is well figured in Del. et Boucli. Quinolog.,
pi. X. Carabaya bark somewhat resembles the flat variety of C. cordi-
folia, but it has a darker exterior, and the fibres are much finer, and the
warts, are smaller and darker in colour.

(5) Cinchona elliptica, Wedd. {Garabaya Baric.)

a. Plat pieces.
h. Quills.

Note. — This bark is now scarcely imported. It formerly came from
Islay, where it was known as " Quina carmin." It much resembles the
bark of C. cordifolia in aspect, but its taste is more astringent. It
contains 3-4 per cent, of alkaloids, consisting of cinchonine, quinidine, and
quinine. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 95. For fig. of bark see
Del. et Bouch., Quinolog. pi. ii.

(6) Cinchona heteeophylla, Pav.

a. Quills.

Note. — This bark comes over occasionally mixed with quill Calisaya,
and is known as " Cascarilla negrUla." It is much darker in colour and
less cracked than any other quilled bark. See Hist, des Drag., vol. iii.,
p. 181. It "contains the quinidine of Pasteur."

59

298. (7) Cinchona lancbolata, J2. et P. (West Coast Oarthagena
Barh, partly.)

a. Qaills and thick curved pieces.
j^ote. — This is a variety of Oarthagena bark which " comes via the
Pacific." It is described by Pereira under the name of fibrous or spongy
Oarthagena. Per. Mat. Med., 3rd edition, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 1645 ;
see Ex. of Pavon's specimens, P. J. [1] , vol. xi., p. 560. Del. et Bouch.
Quinolog., p. 35, and pi. xiii. It is very much hke the bark of C,
lancifoha, but the fibres are looser, and the bitter taste not developed
immediately. According to Howard it contains more quinine and less
ciuchonine than the bark of 0. lancifolia. His analysis gives —
Quinine... ... ... ... ... 1'17

Cinchonine ... ... ... ... 0"05

It is the " CascariUa lampiiia" of Ruiz. In the vernacular it is known
as " Oascarillo bobo, or Amarillo de muna." See Transl. WeddeWs
Notes, p. 24.

(8) C. LANCIFOLIA, Mutis. (New Granada Baric.)

a. Small flat pieces.

Note. — This specimen is the kind alluded to by Howard as the Cahsaya
of Santa Fe. P. J. [1] , vol. xi., p. 560. " This kind of bark comes not
unfrequently in connection mth the bark of 0. Palton, and is used for
extracting Quinine " (J. E. H.). For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tsih. 142.

b. Varieties from Ne-w Granada, in large curved pieces,

and in quills, without periderm.

c. Red variety, in thick curved pieces, with a portion of

periderm remaining. It " contains cinchonidine as
now defined." Red Oarthagena bark.

d. Reddish and inferior variety, in small quills, without

periderm.

e. Large quills, with the periderm remaining, and with

oblique grooves on the bark caused by some twining
plant, a character stated by Pereira to be almost
peculiar to this bark. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p. 111. This is the "Coquetta bark of commerce,"
a name restricted to the orange varieties of C. lanci-
folia. C. Palton, C. lanceolata, C. rosulenta, and C.
lucumtefolia much resemble C. lancifolia, and are all
fibrous barks with a silvery periderm.

(9) Cinchona ldcumjifolia, Pav. (Oarthagena Baric, partly.)

a. Quills with thick white periderm. (White Crown Bark.)

b. Flat pieces. " A kind of soft bark. C. lucumsefolia,

Pav."

c. Ditto. '* C. lucumsefolia, var."

Note.— This bark is very similar in appeai-ance to that of C. lancifoha,
but is usually Ughter, more loosely fibrous, and of a duller or more
brownish yellow tint. The quills have a very thick, white, silvery and

60

8. (9) Cinchona LucuMiEPOLrA, continued.

longitudinally cracked soft periderm ; they form the White Crown bark of
Pereira. See Mat. Med., 3rd edition, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 1G38. According
to Howard it yields —

Quinine... ... o-68

Cinchonidine 0-03

Cinchonine 0-31

(10) Cinchona micrantha, B. et P.

Var. a. ROTUNDIFOLIA, Wedd.

a. Very large quills.

Note.— This is the " Cascarilla motosolo of Carabaya, and the Quepo
Casoarilla of Bolivia " (the latter name is also applied to the bark of C.
amygdalifolia Wedd). It is a very scarce and peculiar bark.

b. Flat pieces. •

Note. — This is the Bolivian sort, and contains quinine.
Var. ^. OBLONGiFOLiA, Wedd.
a. Quills.

Note. — This is the specimen described in P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 672.

No, 5. It is " a kind of CascariUa provinciana." Analysed by Howard it

coiitained —

Quinidine and uncrystallized quinine .. 1-43
Cinchonine ... 1-29

2-72

h. Flat pieces. {Goarse Grey Bark, Peruvian Oalisaya.)

Note. — This is the " Peruvian sort." See P. J. [1] , vol. xii., p. 174,
No. 17; also. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 99; Wedd, Nat. Hist.
Quinq., p. 53, tab. xiv., xv.

c. Quills.

Note. — This specimen is said by Howard to be identical with one in
the British Museum, in Euiz and Pavon's collection, labelled la, Esp.,
No. 5, CascarUla Pata de Gallinazo, and with one of Poppig's in this
museum. See P. J. [IJ , vol. xiii., p. 672, No. 6. Analysed by Howard,
this specimen yielded —

Quinidine and uncrystaHizable quinine ... 1-00
Cinchonidine 1"09

2-09

The bark of C. micrantha may be known by its rusty coat, with a
thin silvery layer underneath it, thus resembling the bark of C. chahuar-
guera, from which, however, it differs in having very few transverse
cracks. The taste is earthy at first, and then bitter, with a peculiar
sweetness. The Bolivian sort is richer in quinine than the Peruvian.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 92. "A tree of the Bolivian sort is
growing in Mr. Howard's conservatory. It is now (1875) 8 feet in height,
and differs much in the purple under side of the leaf, and the red veins
from the Peruvian sort." (J. E. H.) For fig. of the quills, see Del. et
Bouch. Quinolog., pi. v.

61

98. (11) Cinchona Mutisii, Lamh.
Var. a. MiCKOPHTLLA, Wedd.

a. Long quills, with periderm.
j^ote. — This specimen "contains quinidine." See P. J. [1], vol. xii.,
p. 174, No. 13. The quills resemble those of C. micrantha, but have
simply an astringent taste, and a smooth not a dusty coat, and "readily
spht longitudinally." (J. B.H.)

Var. p. CRISPA, Wedd.
a. Small qnills.
Note. — This specimen "contains quinine." See P. J. [1], vol. xii.,
p. 174, No. 9. The bark of C. Mutisii is rarely met with in English com-
merce. According to Weddell it contains only aricine, 0-23 per cent.
See Trans. Wedd. Notes, p. 33.

(12) Cinchona officinalis, L. (Pale Baric.)

Var. a. Uritusinga, Fav. p. J. [2] , vol. viii., p. 15.
a. Slender quills. See P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 494.
h. Larger quills. See P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 671, No. 3.

c. Crown bark from Java, 1871.

d. East Indian bark, 1872.

Note. — Specimen a consists of " fine old Loxa " qmlls, " found in the
London Docks in 1850," and supposed to have remained there for 25-30
years previously, and therefore possibly some of the original Crown bark.
It is tied up with bast, as it was then the custom to do with select
specimens of bark. Specimen h " seems to be the Colorado de Loxa of
Pavon. It is remarkable for its rough surface and the quantity of red
colouring matter it contains." It differs from the bark of var. y, Bon-
plandiana, in being of a dark grey colour, and in not being warty,
although marked with innumerable fissures. The East Indian and Java
barks may be recognised by their dark grey colour and branching cracks
with thick edges. For. fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med? Plants,
tab. 143.

Var. /3. CoNDAMiNBA, Bow. ; var. /3. Chahuargheea, E. et P.
(Muamalies Bark, Rusty Crown Barh.)
a. Slender quills. See P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 63, No. 10.
h. Larger quills. See P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 671, No. 4.
Note. — Specimen a is the rusty Crown bark, or Huamalies bark, of
Pereira. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 100. (The Huamalies barks of Guibourt and
Bergen are not identical with that of Pereira. See P. J. [1] , vol. xiv.,
p. 63.) Analysed by Howard, this specimen yielded —

Quinine (crystalUzed as suliDhate) ... 0*43
Quinidine and uncrystallizable quinine ... 0-90

1-33

Specimen b is " the knotty sort of Jussieu." The small brown dots
visible in the younger quills have in this variety developed into large
warts. Analysed by Howard, this specimen yielded —

Quinidine 1«67

Uncrystallized quinine 0-63

Ciuchonine 0-68

2-98

G2

298. (12) Cinchona officinalis, continued.

This variety (Chahuarguera, Pav.) is that which had the reputation of
curing the Countess of Chinchon. It may be distinguished from other
pale barlcs by its rusty brown aspect and minute brown dots or warts,
which latter are often in the larger quills spUt like a coffee berry,
Var. y. Bonplandiana,/. coloeata, Row. (Var. coloeata, Pav.)

a. Small qnills. See P. J. [1] , vol. xiii., p, 671, No. 2.

b. Ditto. {JEast Indian Grown JBark.)

Note. — Specimen a " agrees in appearance with the colorada del Key
of Euiz and Pavon." Analysed by Howard, it yielded—
Quinidine and uncrystallized quinine ... 1'67
Cinchonine 0-37

1-94

This variety of East Indian bark is easily recognised by its broad bright
brown stripes, on a dark ground, caused by longitudinal cracks with
thick edges, exposing the interior. It is of excellent quality, yielding
7-8 per cent, of alkaloids. See P. J. [2] , vol. viii., p. 593, No. 4, 5.

Var. 8. Bonplandiana, /. lutea, How. (R. 0. Grown lark,
partly.) See Howard, Quinol. E. I. Plantat., p. 89 and pi. xi.
a. Quills. P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 671, No. 1.
Note. — This " appears to be the same as the amariUa del Eey of E. et
P. in the British Museum." " It is the bark described under the heading
of a in Per. Mat. Med., 3rd ed., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 1639 ; and the C. lutea
and amarilla del Eey of Pavon." This bark is of a dark grey colour, with
very numerous transverse cracks, interspersed among which are numer-
ous small raised warts of the same colour as the bark. The Crown
bark from Java somewhat resembles this bark in appeai-ance.

Var. e. CRisvAjHow. (C Grispa, Tafalla, ofHoivard's Quinologia.)
a. Slender quills. P. J. [1] , vol. xiv., p. 61, No. 9.
Note. — This specimen is the " silvery Crown bark " of Pereira, and has
been clearly identified with specimens taken by Seemann from C. offi-
cinalis, a. Vera, Wedd. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,p. 1609, note 3.
It is the true Loxa bark of Humboldt, and the cascarilla fina de Loxa of
Euiz and Pavon. It is also the quina, or crespilla carrasquena of old
authors, and the quina fina de Loja of modern trade. P. J. [2], vol.
viii., p. 16. Analysed by Howard, it yielded —

Quinidine and uncrystallizable quinine ... 0-40
Cinchonine ... ... ... ••• ••■ 0'03

0-43

East Indian bark obtained from this species yielded only 0-629 per cent,
of alkaloids. See P. J. [2] , vol. viii., p. 593. The specimen in this
collection is remarkable for the thick edges of the numerous ramifying
fissures, which form a sort of raised network on the bark. It closely
resembles in size and colour the East Indian Uritusinga bark.

(13) Cinchona oyata, Wedd.
Var. a. VULGAEIS, Planch.
a. Flat pieces.

Note.— ThiB specimen much resembles CaUsaya in appeai'ance, but is
not so bitter, and has the remains of a silvery periderm.

63

298. (13) Cinchona ovata, continued.

h. Long quills. (Cascarilla pallida.^
iJote. — This specimen resembles in appearance the quills of C. Mutisii
and C. pubescens ; but the periderm when exfoliated in C. ovata shows
a dark surface underneath, and the bark of C. pubescens has a much
coarser grain than any other cinchona bark. It does not split readily
hke the bark of C. Mutisii.

c. Large quills.

Note. — " This specimen resembles C. ovata of Weddell, but not of
Pavon or Howard."

Yar. jS. EETTHRODERMA, Wedd.

a. Flat pieces.

Note. — This bark is " very scarce and peculiar." It somewhat resem-
bles CaUsaya bark, but is much darker externally. " Cascarilla zamba
morada," of Carabaya. The taste is very bitter and astringent. It is a
poor bark. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 92.

(14) Cinchona Palton, Pa-y. {West coast Garthagena Baric.)

a. Thick curved pieces.
Note. — This bark is one of the fibrous barks, resembling in general
appearance that of C. lancifoUa, but is usually more loosely fibrous, has
a redder tinge than that bark ; and is also often pitted with numerous
depressions, about the size of swan shot, upon its surface. It is much
used in the manufactm-e of quinine. See Pharmacographia, p. 318. Ac-
cording to Howard, Palton bai'k yields —

Cinchonidine ... ... ... ... 1-34

Quinine 0-71

2-05

"The proportion of quinine is sometimes much larger than that here
given." (J. E. H.)

(15) Cinchona Peruviana, Hoiv. (Fine Grey Barh.)

a. Quills.

Note.—¥oT a description of this bark see Per. Mat. Med., 3rd edition,
vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 1633 ; and for fig. Goebel und Kunze, taf. vii., fig. 1-4,
It is nearly allied to the bark of C. nitida and micrantha, and with
them forms the Lima or Huanuco bark, which is now chiefiy used on the
Continent.

(16) Cinchona Pitayensis, Wedd. (Pitaija Barh.)

a. Large quills.
Note.— This specimen is " fine Pitaya bark, probably some of the first
imported." See Howard, Quinol. E. I. Plantat. , p. 89, and pi. xii.

6. Large quills ; from the Pitaya district.

c. Flat pieces, with a portion of the periderm remaining.
2>rote.— Specimen c is the Pitaya roja, or red Pitaya bark. Pitaya
bark is readily distinguishable from other barks by occurring in very
large heavy quills of a dull brown colour, with a thick, corky, dirty
white periderm. It does not taste bitter for some time, but is then per-
sistently so. It is a very valuable bark, and is the chief source of quini-
dine. See P. J. [1] , vol. xiv., p. 166; [2], vol. vi., p. 48. For fig. of
bark see Dei. et Bouch. Quin., pi, xii. and p. 34.

64

1. (17) Cinchona pubescens, Vahl. (Anca, or Cusco Bark.)
Var. a. Pelletekiana, Wedd.

a. riat pieces, without periderm.

Note.— Thia bark is called in Carabaya, cascarilla amarilla, and in
Cuzco, carua carua. It is now a " scarce " bark " 1873." It is from this
bark that aricine is obtained. See P. J. [1] , vol. ix., p. 2G8. Pelletier's
specimen in this museum is not this variety, but typical C. pubescens,
fideJ.E.H.

Var. ^. Purpurea, Wedd. (WJdte Calisaya Bark.)
a. Long, rather large quills.

Note.— These quills are very hard, and have a thin dirty white epider-
mis, which is longitudinally wrinkled but not transversely cracked, and
has a few scattered warts. " This species needs better definition." The
quills are well figured in Wedd. Nat. Hist. Quinq., tab. 29., f. 19-23.

h. In flat or slightly curved pieces.

Note. — This specimen was imported into Liverpool in May, 1852. It
bears the Pinta brand. It resembles the bark of C. ovata externally, but
has a much coarser grain. The taste resembles that of pale bark, and the
bitterness is quickly developed but is not very persistent. According to
Howard's analysis it yielded, —

Quinidine, chiefly crystallized ... 0'91

Cinchonine 0-43

1-34

In Huanuco this bark is called Cascarilla bobo de hojas moradas.

c. In quills. " C. pubescens ?"

Note. — This specimen is the one referred to in P. J. [1] , vol. xiii.,
p. 672, No. 7. It "resembles a specimen in this museum named
Huamalies by Batka," and also a "specimen in the British Museum,
labelled Sp. nova de Jaen de Loxa." It is "not the Huamalies bark of
Pereira." (J. E. H.) See C. officinalis, var. and the collection of
barks examined by Batka.

d. Thin quills.

^o«e.— This specimen is labelled " Marcapata bark ? C. purpurea." In
appearance it resembles fig. 1, 2, on pi. x., Goehelund Kunze, but is not so
much cracked as the Huamalies bark there represented.

(18) .Cinchona rosulenta, Hoivard.
a. Curved or quilled pieces.
]<[ote. — " This is a cinchonidine bark which now (1873) comes abundantly
into commerce. It is the red bark of the district." The cmchonidine
here spoken of by Howard is called Quinidine in Pharmacographia, p. 321.
This bark is the Quinquina Carthajene ros6 d'Ocaiia of Del. et Bouch.
Quin. p. 37, and is figured on pi. xvii. It resembles the bark of lanci-
folia, but is usually in larger and flatter pieces, and is deeply but
irregularly fissured longitudinally. It is hard and fibrous, but has a
darker red colour than the bark of C. lancifolia. The bitter taste is soon
developed, but is without astrmgency.

65

298. (19) Cinchona scrobioulata, Wedd. (Bed Ousco Baric.)

Var. a. Genuina.

a. Flat pieces.

i. Long quills.

— This bark is the Cascarilla colorada del Cuzco and the Cascarilla
colorada de Santa Anna, of Peru. The quills came mixed with quilled
Calisaya bark, which they much resemble ; they are usually, however,
thinner and more involute than those of Calisaya, and have a redder
fracture. They are " identical with the Loxa rouge marrons of Gui-
bourt." " The flat bark was also imported as Calisaya." (J. E. H.)

Far. jS. Delondeiana, Wedd. {Spurious Calisaya.)
a. Flat pieces.

Note. — This bark most resembles flat Cahsaya bark, but has not such
distinct digital furrows, is less compact, and has a redder tint than that
bark. P. J. [1] , vol. xiv., p. 82 ; [1] , vol ix., p. 268. For fig. of this
bark see Wedd. Nat. Hist. Quinq., tab. 28, f. 5-8.

(20) Cinchona succirubra, Pav. (Bed Bark.)

a. Flat pieces, " grown in the shade."

b. Large quilled pieces, " grown in sunshine."

c. Small quills, from Ceylon, 1873.

d. Inferior red bark, 1873, " Rouge pale."

Note. — This is the " Cascarilla colorada" of the natives, and specimen c
is much paler than ordinary red bark, and is difficult to distinguish from
Calisaya quiU. Its taste is astringent and extremely bitter. Eed bark
may be recognised by its red colour and the presence of niunerous warts
on its surface. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 140.

(21) Cinchona Tucujensis, Karsten. (Maracaiho Barh.)

a. Flat pieces.

Note. — This bark occurs in thin more or less twisted pieces, with a
coarse fibre and a surface which resembles that of C. cordifoha in being
rough, but the surface is not so purple as in that bark, and the taste
is not earthy, but somewhat aromatic. See P. J. [IJ , vol. x., p. 348 ;
[1] , vol. xiv., p. 167.

FALSE CINCHONA BARKS.

(22) BuENA BoGOTENSis, Karsten. (False Bed Bark.)

a. Thick quilled pieces.

b. Smaller ditto.

2^ote.— This bark is " the Cinchona oblongifolia of Mutis," but "not the
Cascarilla magnifolia of Lamb." It answers well to the description given
under Quinquina nova in Hist, des Drag, iii., p. 183. It was " mistaken
by Humboldt and others for true red bark." See Howard, Nueva Quin.
art. Cinchona magnifolia, p. 5. The outer surface is usually smooth, of a
dark purplish brown colour, and has transverse cracks, evidently caused by
desiccation. The pieces are thick and heavy ; the taste is astringent, but
scarcely bitter. For fig. of bark see Del. et Bouch. Quin., pi. xxiii.,' the
two left-hand figures.

F

66

298. (23) BUBNA IIEXANDRA, PoJll.

a. Portion of quilled bark, with periderm.
Note. — This is the bark described under the name of Nova colorada de
Brasil by Guiboui't. See Hist, des Brog., t. iii., p. 183. It has a dark
inner sui-face, and the periderm is thick and deeply furrowed ; the taste is
nauseous and astringent.

(24) Cascarilla Carua, Wedd. (False Bed Baric.)

a. Thick curved pieces.
Note. — This bark is known in Peru and Bolivia under the name of
Cargua-cargua grande. It is similar in appearance to the bark of Buena
Bogotensis, but has a paler and more fibrous inner surface. Neither that
bark nor this one contains any alkaloid.

(25) Cascarilla globifera, Pav.

a. One quilled piece.
Note. — This bark somewhat resembles that of C. micrantha externally,
but its inner surface is very fibrous. It is labelled Unas de gato. See
P. J. [1] , vol. xii., p. 176, no. 32 ; also p. 341.

(26) CoNDAMiNEA TiNCTORiA, B. 0. (Paraguatati Baric.)

a. Large quilled pieces.
Note. — This bark is remarkable for the peculiar deep pink colour of its
substance. The periderm is thin and easily removed. In Peru it is
known as " soochi." See Hist, des Drag. vol. iii., p. 184 ; P. J. [1] , vol.
xil., p. 341.

(27) Croton species.

a. Thin, V7ide flat pieces.
ijote. — This bark is covered with large woody blunt prickles, which,
together with its peculiar taste, appear to ally it rather to the bark of a
Zanthoxylum than a Croton.

(28) GOMPHOSIA CHLORANTHA, Wedd.

a. Quills.

Note. This bark much resembles CaUsaya quill, and was at one time

sold for it. It may be distinguished by the periderm being readily separa-
ted into layers, which are of a purplish tinge. It " contains no alkaloid."
A mounted microscopical slide of a section of the bark accompanies this
specunen. See P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 318. It comes from Carabaya.

(29) LaPLACEA QDINODERMA, Wedd.

a. Flat or slightly curved pieces. See P. J.
Note. This bark at one time came mixed with flat Calisaya. It
differs very much from it in appearance, being of a blackish red colour,
and having very persistent tough fibres. Its native name is Vichullo vei
Chulquisa. It is labeUed " scarce " and " interestmg under the micro-
scope."

(30) Stbnostomum acutatum, D. G. (Pitoya Baric.)

a. Long quills.

Note —This bark was known in England as Pitoya bark, and from it a
principle named pitoyine was obtained, a specimen of which is attached
to this bark By Guibourt it is described as Quinquina bicolore. The
quills are very long, quite smooth, and brown externally, and black on the
hmer surface. It cannot possibly be confounded with any cmchona
bark. See Hist, des Drag., t. iii., p. 190.

67

298. (31) Species et Genus incerta.
a. Thick quilled bark.
2^o(e —This specimen " comes from New Granada/' and in appearance
looks like a very coarse piece of C. lancifolia bark. It is labelled " Con-
tains alkaloid, allied to the Cinchonas."

ALKALOIDS AND THEIE SALTS.

(32) ClNCHONINB.

(33) CiNCHONiNE Sulphate.

(34) Quinine Acetate.

(35) Citrate.

(36) Hydrochloride.

(37) Phosphate.

(38) Sulphate.

(39) Disulphate.

(40) Qdinoidine.

^ote.— Eemarks on these alkaloids will be found under their respective heads,
in the Chemical Collection.

299. GincJwna BarJcs collected wider the superintendence of H. von
Be-rgs^ ■ (author o/ Versucli einer Monographie der China,
1826), for tlie purpose of illustrating the harlcs described and
figured in his tvorh.

(1) China rubra. (Red Baric.)

Note. — This specimen consists of flat pieces, belonging apparently to
different species; it consists partly of the bark of C. succirubra, Pav.,
and partly of that of 0. lancifolia, Mutis.

(2) China Huanuco. (Silver, or Grexj Baric.)

Note. — This specimen is in quills, and appears to correspond exactly
with the C. Peruviana, How., of Howard's collection.

(3) China regia. (Calisaya, or Yelloiv Baric.)

Note. — This specimen is mostly in quills, and is the bark of C. Cali-
saya, Wedd.

(4) China flava dura. (Hard Oarthagena Baric.)

Note. — This specimen is in quiUs, and consists of the bark of C.
cordifolia, Mutis.

(5) China flava fibrosa. (Woody Oarthagena Baric.)

Note. — This specimen is in qmlled pieces, and consists apparently of a
mixture of the bark of C. cordifoha, Mutis, and C. lancifolia, Mutis.

(6) China Huamalies. (Busty Bark).

Note. — This specimen is in quills, and appears to be identical with
the C. officinahs, var. /3, chahuarguera, R. et P., of Howard's collection.

(7) China Loxa. (Loxa, or Croivn Baric).

Note. — This specimen is in quills, and is a fine specimen of the bark
of C. officinahs.

68

299. (8) CniNA Jaen. (Ash Bark)

Note. — This spocimea consists of arched and twisted quills. It corre-
sponds to the figures in Goehel und Kunze, Waar., taf. x., fig. 6-9. It is
the bark of C. subcordata, and does not occur in Howard's collection.
See Hist, des Drog., t. iii.,p. 178. Per. Mat. Med., [3] vol. ii., pt.
ii., p. 1636.

(9) China pseudo-Loxa.

Note. — This specimen is in quills, and corresponds in external appear-
ance with Howard's specimen of C. officinalis, var. 5, crispa, from Peru.

(10) China robiginosa.

Note. — This specimen is in flat pieces. One piece evidently belongs to
C. pubescens, var. Pelleteriana, but the other two seem to correspond
with the bark C. Tucujensis in Howard's collection.

(11) China bicoloeata.

Note. — This specimen is in quills, and is identical with the specimen
in Howard's collection labelled Stenostomum aoutatum. " The last two
specimens were collected by H. von Bergen, but are not described in
his work." (Note from Dr. Pereira's catalogue.) For fig., see Goebel und
Kunze, pt. i., taf. xii., fig. 6, 7.

300. Collection of Cinchona Barks, made under the superintendence of
Dr. Julius Martiny (author o/Encyclopeedia der Medicinisch
pharmaceutischen naturalien und Rohwaarenkunde, 1843).
It includes barks of (at that date) recent introduction, most of
which have been described by him in the work above quoted.

(1) China Cusco vera.

Note. — This specimen consists of fragments of quills, which appear to
be those of C. pubescens, var. purpurea.

(2) China rubiginosa nova.

a. Flat pieces.

Note. — This specimen appears to be the bark of C. lanceolata, R. et P.

b. Quills.

c. Flat pieces.

Note. — Specimens b and c are referred by Mr. J. E. Howard to C.
nitida, R. et P.

(3) China alba, Humboldt.

Note.— Thia specimen is m flat fragments. In its granular structure
it corresponds to the white bark of Howard's collection, but differs
slightly in the external surface not being so rough, and in the internal
surface being of a purplish tint. It is accurately figured in goebel
und Kunze, pt. i., taf. xiv., figs. 9-11.

(4) China regla spuria, "from Bordeaux."

Note.— Tina bark is in quills, and consists chiefly of the bark of C.
micrantha, R. et P., with one quill of C. Calisaya, Wedd. The bark of
C. micrantha is readily recognised by its peculiar taste, which recalls
that of Pruuus Virginiana.

69

300. (5) China pseudo-begia.

lifote. — This specimen is in flat pieces, which correspond closely to
those of C. elliptica, Wedd., in Howard's collection.

(6) China Carib^a spuria.

Note. — This appears to be the bark described under the name of
Exostemma caribasum, Ram. et Schult., in Hist, des Drog., 6™® ed.,
t. iii., p. 189.

(7) China de Para pallida. {False Bed Bark.)

(8) China de Rio Janeiro, ^'■from Dr. Pohl, of Vienna.''

(9) China de Rio Janeiro, '■'■from Liverj)ool."

Note. — Specimen 7 is in thick quills ; specimen 8 similar, but partly
exfoliated ; specimen 9 was imported from Para, and consists of one flat
piece. All three appear to be identical, and are probably the bark de-
scribed by Guibourt under the name of Quinquina nova colorada, in
Hist, des Drog., t. iii., p. 183.

(10) China Sanct^ LuciiE, seu Piton.

Note. — This is the bark described in Hist, des Drag., t. iii., p. 189.

(11) Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis spurius, "No. xii., Martiny."

Note.— This specimen is probably the kind figured in Goehel und
Eunze, pt. i., taf. xxx., figs. 6-9.

(12) Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis spurius, '^No. vii., Mariiny."
Note. — This specimen has a taste faintly resembling that of sassafras,

and has a very rough inner surface, somewhat like that of Drimys
Winteri, but has a greenish brown colour. It does not correspond with
the figure in Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. xxx., fig. 6-9.

(13) China Jaen pallida.

A^oie.— This specimen consists of quills, which appear to correspond
to C. pubescens, var. PeUeteriana, of Howard's collection.

301. Cinchona Barks collected hy Poeppiq in Soiith America, and
presented to Dr. Pereira hy Dr. J. Martiny.

(1) Cascarilla negrilla pina.

Note.— This specimen somewhat resembles that of Calisaya. It has a
peculiar taste, faintly recalling that of bitter almonds. It is attributed
by Poeppig to C. glandulifera.

(2) Cascarilla boba.

Note.— This bark is in quills, and is evidently that of C. pubescens,
var. purpurea, jf?. et P. It resembles in taste and physical characters
the specimens of that bark in Howard's coUection. It is to this species
that Poeppig attributes it.

(3) Cascarilla pata de gallinazo.

Note.— This specimen appears to correspond with the specimens of C
Peruviana, How., in Howard's collection.

70

301. (4) Cascarilla provinciana.

Note. — This specimen is in quills. It is attributed by Poeppig to a
variety of C. glandulifora. It has a very bitter taste, and is very pale
internally, much more so than that of C. Peruviana, which in other re-
spects it much resembles.

302. The folloiving Barhs were collected under the superintendence of
M. Pelletier, discoverer of Quinine.

(1) Quinquina nova.

Note. — This bark is labelled in Dr. Pereira's handwriting, " C. oblongi-
folia of Mutis, not of Lambert." It is therefore the kind described in
Hist, des Drog., t. iii., p. 182.

(2) Quinquina d'Arica.

Note. — This bark is labelled " C. pubescens or C. cordifolia ? " but it
does not exactly correspond to either. "It is probably a form of C.
pubescens, Vahl." (J. E. H.)

(3) Quinquina de Loxa.

Note. — This specimen consists of slender quills of the bark of C. offi-
cinalis, L.

303. Collection of Cinchona BarJcs made under the superintendence
of GuiBOURT, author of the Histoire abregee des Drogues
simples. It includes nearly aU the harks described hy him.
The numhers attached to each hind are those under which
they are described in the above work. The initials J. P.
indicate that the number to which they are attached is the
number of the specimen in Dr. Pereira's catalogue.

(1) Quinquina gris beun de Loxa. Two specimens, ITo. 327.

a. Quills. 28 J. P.

b. Quills. 29 J. P.

Note. — These specimens consist of the bark of C. officinalis. Speci-
men b is the one alluded to as Colorada del Key, No. 29, Ph. Soc, in
P. J. [1] , vol. xi., p. 497.

(2) Quinquina gris brtjn de Loxa. Fibrous variety, ISTo. 330.
Note. — This bark corresponds in appearance and taste to Howard's

specimens of C. micrantha.

(3) Quinquina pin de Lima. No. 330.

Note. — This bark is in quills, and is similar to Howard's specimens of
C. Peruviana.

(4) Quinquina gros de Lima. No. 331.

Note. — This bark has the external appearance of C. officinalis, but is
larger and thicker than any specimen of that species in this museum.

(5) Quinquina blanc. No. 331.

Note.— This bark is similar to the bark of C. Peruviana in Howard's
collection, but is in rather coarser quills,

(6) Quinquina gris, imitant le jaune royal.

Note. — This specimen also seems referable to C. Peruviana, Hoic.

71

303. (7) Quinquina dit Havane. No. 336.

Note— Ihia bark is in quills ; it appears to correspond to the C. Ch&-
huarguera of Howard's collection, both in appearance and in its peculiar
rose-like taste.

(8) Quinquina dit Havane, variete.

Note— This bark is in slender quUls, and from the coarseness of its
fibre and its feeble bitterness, appears to belong to C. pubescens, var.
purpurea, to which the Quinquina dit Havane is referred in Hist, des
Drag., 6""® fed., vol. iii., p. 169, note 2.

(9) Quinquina ferruginbus.

Note. — In this bottle is a memorandum to the effect that Guibourt
considers that " this bark does not differ essentially from the Q. dit
Havane, and that its rusty colour is the result of age." Its taste, how-
ever, resembles that of Q. dit Havane, (No. 8) with which it seems to be
identical.

(10) Quinquina Calisata.

Note. — This bark is in qmlls, and is evidently the bark of C. Calisaya.

(11) Quinquina nouveau Calisaya, 4""* variete.

Note. — According to Guibourt, this bark is that of C. Pitayensis, which
in appearance it strongly resembles. It differs, however, from aU other
specimens of that bark in this museum in its finer and harder inner sur-
face, and in quickly developing a very bitter taste. See Journ. de Pharm.,
vol. xvi., p. 240.

(12) Quinquina jaune orang^. N'o. 338.

Note. — This bark is in flat pieces, and seems to be that of C. scrobicu-
lata.

(13) Quinquina Calisaya l^ger, ou jaune oeang^. No. 338.
Note. — This bark is labelled by Pereira, " C. scrobiculata."

(14) Quinquina rouge non verruqueux. No. 339.

Note. — This bark is in flat pieces and quiUs. It is attributed by Plan-
chon to C. succirubra, Pav.

(15) Quinquina rouge monde, dit Quinquina orang^. No. 339.
Note. — This bark is reddish, resinous-looking, hard, in quills which

have lost their periderm, but otherwise appear identical with the Q.
rouge non verruqueux. It is referred by Mr. J. E. Howard to C. nitida,
R. et P.

(16) Quinquina rouge verruqueux. No. 340.

Note.— This specimen consists of flat pieces and quills. It is identical
with the true red bark of commerce (C. succirubra, Pav.).

(17) Quinquina rouge db Santa ¥i. Two specimens. No. 341.
Note. — These specimens appear to belong to C. Peruviana, How.

(18) Quinquina rouge orang^ plat. No. 342.
J^ote.— This is probably a variety of C. succirubra, Pav.

(19) Quinquina rouge blanc. No. 343.

Note.—Thia bark is in thin flat pieces, which appear to resemble the
next specimen more than any other.

72

303. (20) Quinquina blanc de Loxa. No. 343.

Note.— This bark is in quills, and is attributed by Planchon to C. de-
curreutifoUa, Pav. See Hist, des Drog., t. iii., p. 194. This bark does
not occur in Howard's collection. By Weddell it is attributed to C.
pubescens, Vahl., which it closely resembles, but is thinner and rather
more bitter.

(21) Quinquina de Cuzco.

Note.— Ihia specimen consists of four varieties, of which a and c be-
long apparently to C. pubescens, Vahl., while h and d seem to be the bark
of C. scrobiculata, Wedd.

(22) Quinquina CARTHAGf;NE brun. No. 346.

Note. — This bark is in flat, somewhat arched, pieces, and seems to
belong to C. cordifolia, Mutis.

(23) Quinquina carthag^ine jaune. Two specimens. No. 347.
Note. — This appears to be the bark of C. cordifolia, Mutis, also.

(24) Quinquina carthag^ine jaune rouge. No. 348.

Note. — This is probably the bark of C. pubescens, Vahl., but is rather
more fibrous than usual.

(25) Quinquina carthagI;ne spongieux.

Note. — This is in slender quills, and corresponds exactly in taste and
fracture to the quills of inferior bark of C. lancifolia, Mutis, in Howard's
collection.

(26) Quinquina de Colombie, ou d'Antioque. No. 16.

Note. — There is a reference on the label of this bottle to the Joum. de
Pharm., t. xvi., p. 240, and a memorandum to the following effect en-
closed in it : — " Guibourt says that the Q. de la Colombie ou d'Antioque
does not differ from the Nouveau Calisaya except in its age. He says it
probably lay hid for a considerable time in some magazine, from which it
was at last taken for the purposes of commerce. He also says that the
Quinquina Colombie fibreux appears to be a very fibrous variety of the
above, and resembles the eighth kind analysed by M. Vauquelin under
the name of C. pubescens mentioned in the Joum. de Pharm., t. xvi.,
p. 229. On the other hand, the most fibrous pieces answer to the
Quinquina Carthagene spongieux of the Hist, des Drog., No. 349 ; and
to the Quina naranjade, or the Quinquina orange of Mutis, Joum. de
Pharm., t. xvi., p. 225. From these circumstances it would seem that
the barks. No. 15, 16, 17, belong to the same tree growing in different
situations, and are the same as the Quinquina carthagene spongieux
and the Quinquina carthagene spongieux autre."

This bark corresponds exactly with the C. Pitayensis of Howard's
collection, but its bitterness is not so quickly developed as in the
bark of " Nouveau Calisaya."

(27) Quinquina rouge de Lima. No. 341.

Note.— This bark is evidently that of C. Peruviana, How., to which
it is referred in the Hist, des Drog., t. iii., p. 193. A memorandum is
enclosed with this specknen, and runs thus :—" Guibourt designates by
the name of Quinquina rouge de Lima a bark several chests of which
he found at a druggist's under the name of Quinquina de Lima. He
thinks this cinchona is formed of the young barks of the Quinquina

7b

303. (27) Quinquina rouge de Lima, continued.

rouge de Santa F6, and for this reason he calls both by the name of
Quinquina rouge de Lima. He says this bark holds the middle place
between the Lima ordinaire and the rouge vi-ai ; and that it is a support
to his opinion, namely, that the true red bark and the officinal grey
cinchonas (Loxa and Lima) are produced by simple varieties of the same
botanical species. He has found amongst this Cinchona a light and very
fibrous bark which exactly answers to the QuincLuina gris fibreux royal
d'Espagne."

(28) Quinquina dit Havane, etc.

Note. — This specimen consists of four varieties found in the same
chest : a is labeUed Q. havane ; h and c, Quinquina ferrugineux ; and
d. Quinquina de Loxa. The first three appear to be the bark of C.
pubescens, var. purpurea, R. et P., and the fourth is C. officinalis, L.

FALSE CINCHONA BARKS.

(29) EXOSTEMMA DE PeROU.

Note.— This is a thin bark, somewhat resembling oak bark externally,
and often green on the inner sm-face. It has a very bitter nauseous
taste.

(30) ExosTEMMA Cakib^um, E. et Sell.

Note. — This bark is thin, and has a yellowish duU outer surface, not
smooth and shining as in the E. de Perou. See Eist. des Drog., t. iii.,
p. 189.

(31) Quinquina Piton. (J^lxostemmajioribundtm, B. et Sch.)

Note. — This specimen exactly corresponds to Martiny's specimen of
Quinquina Piton, ou de Sainte Lucie. See Hist, des Drag., t. iii. , p. 189.

(32) Quinquina bicolore.

Note. — This specimen is exactly the same as Howard's specimen
labelled Stenostomum acutatum.

(33) ExOSTEMMA DU Br^SIL.

Note. — This bark resembles that of Exostemma Caribjeum, R. et Sch.
The taste is nauseous, and very bitter. ,

304. Collection of Barlcs sent to Pereira hy Guibouet to illustrate the
desoiptions given vn the Uh edition of the Historie des
Drogues simples, t. iii., pp. 95-176. To this edition the
numbers following the French names of the barJcs refe>\ The
name " Planchon," placed after a sjpecific name, is intended
to signify that the identification is given on his authority in
the 6th edition of the Hist, des Drog., t. iii., pp. 143-194

(1) Quinquina de Loxa inf^eieur. (ISTo. ii., p. 103.)

Note.— This is the bark of C. Humboldtiana, Lamb., Planchon, p. 175.

74

304. (2) Quinquina de Loxa rougb marron, (No. ii., p. 104.)

Note—This is the bark of C. scrobiculata, Wedd., Plalichon, p. 160.

(3) Quinquina db Loxa jaune fibreux. (No. x., p. 106.)

Note— This is the bark of C. officinalis, i. , i;ar. amarilla del E^y,
Planchon, p. 149, note 2.

(4) Quinquina de Jaen ou db Loxa ligneux et rougeatre
(No. ix., p. 114.)

Note. —This bark appears to be that of C. conglomerata, Pav. See
Hist, des Drag., t. iii., p. 176, 6^^ 6d. It resembles in some re-
spects the specimen of Amarilla del Bey in Howard's coUection.

(5) Quinquina rouge, blanchissant a l'air. (No. x., p. 119.)

Note.— This bark resembles Howard's specimen of C. Peruviana, How.

(6) Quinquina jaune orang^. (No. xx.. p. 139, 14a.)

a. Quills.

h. Quills.

c. Flat pieces found among Calisaya bark, (No. xx.,
p. 140.)

2Vo«e.— Specimen a resembles quiUed red bark (C. succirubra, Pav.).
Specimens 6 and c belong probably to C. scrobiculata, Wedd., Specimen
c is also called Calisaya leger, in common with other inferior barks
found mixed with Calisaya.

(7) Quinquina de Colombie ligneux. (No. xxii., p. 142.)

Note.— This is marked "M., Sorts, J. E. H." It is a variety of C.
lancifolia, Mutis.

(8) Quinquina orange de Mutis. (No. xxiii., p. 142.)

Note. — This bark is a variety of G. lancifoUa, Mutis. It is identical
with the Quinquina jaune orang6 de Mutis of Hist, des Drag., 6"« §d.,
t. iii., p. 156.

(9) Quinquina db Loxa cendr]5.

a. Quills. (G. suhcordata, Planchon, p. 178.)

i. Quilled and flat pieces. (C. macrocalyx, Flanclwn,

p. 150.)

Note. — Specimen h somewhat resembles the bark of C. officinalis, L., in
appearance, but has distinct warts scattered over the periderm. This
specimen has also been identified by Howard, who has marked it " Cas-
carilla con hojas redondas," which is a name given by the Indians to
C. macrocalyx, Pav.

(10) Quinquina gris pale ancien. (No. xxxvi., p. 152.)

a. Quilla.

h. Quills. Found in Q. Lima gris fin, in 1839.
Note. — These specimens have been identified by Howard as belonging
to C. pubescens, Vahl.

75

304 (11) Quinquina blanc db Loxa. (Ho. xxxvii., p. 153.)

a. Quills. (0. decurrentifoUa, Fav., Flanchon, p. 179,
note 1.)

j^ote. — This tark closely resembles Howard's specimens of C. Mutisii,
Lamb.

(12) Quinquina blanc fibbbux de Jaen. (No. xxxviii., p. 153.)
Note— This specimen consists of pieces -wliicli differ in taste and

structure. One piece evidently belongs to C. lancifoUa, Mictis, and
another to 0. pubescens, Vahl. It is labelled in Howard's writing,
" Cascarilla con hojas de Zambo," which is the vernacular name for
Cinchona palalba, Pav. To this species the rest of the pieces may per-
haps belong.

FALSE CINCHONA BARKS.

(13) Quinquina nova coloeada. (No. xlviii., p. 164.)

a. Quills.

Note. — This is the bark alluded to on p. 164, as found in commerce in
1825. The periderm is like the Bio de Janeiro baa-k (Buena Bogotensis,
Karst.). But when the periderm is removed, the surface beneath is seen
to be wrinkled longitudinally, not fissured transversely.

i. Quills. From Rio de Janeiro.
Note.— This agrees exactly with Howard's specimen of Buena Bogoten-
sis, Karst. See p. 166, 1. o.

(14) EcoRCE DE Paeaguatan. (No. liii., p. 167.)

a. In short, thick, tvpisted pieces.
Note. — This bark is identical with Howard's specimen of Condaminea
tinctoria, to which species it is referred in Hist, des Drog., 6™® 6d.,
t. iii., p. 184, but it is thicker and older, and has lost its periderm.

(15) Quinquina blanc de Mutis. (No. liv., p. 167.)

a. In short flat pieces.
Note. — This bark is referred by Planchon to Cascarilla macrocarpa of
"Weddell. This specimen differs from Howard's in having the periderm
removed.

(16) CosTus AMBR. (No. Iviii., p. 170.)

Note. — There is no other specimen in the Museum of this bark. It is
in pale brown fragments, which have a slight resemblance to Cusparia
bark.

(17) Quinquina Caraibb. (No. Ixii., p. 173.)

Note. — This agrees well with the other specimen from Guibourt. It is
the bark of Exostemma Caribaeum, R. et Sch. See Hist, des Drag., e'"^
6d., t. iii., p. 189.

(18) Exostemma du Peeou. (No. Ixiii., p. 174.)

Note.— This is exactly similar to the other specimen from Guibourt.

(19) Malanea eacemosa, FEerminier. (No. Ixv., p. 175.)
iV^oie.— This is a thin bark, and is like that of Stenostomum acutatum

in Howard's collection, but is not dark internally like that bark. It seems
to me to be identical with a specimen of the bark of Stenostomum men-
tioned below.

76

304 (20) Stenostomum lucidum, Gcertn.

Note—This is a specimen which Guibourt has labelled thus-" Saul tn
stZr- """^"^ '^■'^^ ^« '^'^^^of a Steno

(21) ESENBECKIA FEBRIFUGA, Mart.

JZJ'^'nT " '1'^'' thus-«Eeceived from Germany named

11. Z .t, ^ *° ^^^'^ «f Exostemma. It closely

resembles the Exostemma de Br68U. ^

305. J?ar7.5 coZZeciec? S^y Dr. Pereira in English commerce.

(1) LoxA, OR CROWN BARK, in the bundle. (C. officinalis, L.)

Note.-This is an original bundle. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,

(2) Finest, OR PICKED LoxA of English commerce. (C. officinalis, X.)

Note.— Thia is in slenderer quiUs than the last.

(3) Silver crown bark. (0. crispa, Tafalla.)

iV-o^.-Thisis in slender quills, and corresponds exactly in appearance
with Howard's specimen of Silver Crown bark.

(4) Leopard crown bark. (C. officinalis, L.)

Note.— This bark is so called from its spotted appearance, caused by
numerous lichens.

(5) Rusty crown bark. (C. officinalis, var. Chahuarguera, Pav.)

Note.— In taste this bark corresponds exactly with Howard's specimen
of Eusty Crown bark, but in appearance more nearly resembles his speci-
men of C. micrantha, R. et P.

(6) Qret, or silver bark. (0. Peruviana, JSow.)

Note.-This specimen is in fine quills, .and corresponds weH with
Howard's specimen of the same bark.

(7) Ash cenchona. (C. subcordata, Pav.)

Note.-This specimen has the peculiar arched quills so characteristic
of this bark.

(8) Cinchona species.

^'ofe.— This specimen consists of various pieces of pale bark, showing
warts, lichens, etc.

(9) Yellow bark. (0. Calisaya, Wedd.)

a. Quills.

h. Quills. (C. Calisaya, var. morada, Planch.)
iVote.— Specimen h is marked in pencU by Pereira, " C. Boliviana [?] ,"
and by Howard, C. " micrantha [?] ." It much resembles in appearance
the quiUs of C. scrobiculata in Howard's collection.

(10) Carthagena bark of English commerce.

Note. — This specimen consists of a mixture of the barks of C. lanei-
foUa, Mutis, and C. cordifolia, Wedd., with a few pieces apparently be-
longing to 0. decurrentifoHa, Pav.

77

305. (11) New spurious yellow baek, or Orange cinchona of
Santa Fe.

Note.— This specimen agrees well with Howard's specimens of the red
variety of C. lancifolia. It appeared in English commerce lq April, 1829.

(12) COQUETTA BARK.

Note. — This specimen is the typical bark of C. lancifolia, Mutis. It was
obtained from Messrs. Isaacs & Samuel, and contains 2^ per cent, of
quinine.

(13) Cusco BARK, of English, commerce.

Note.- — This is the bark of 0. scrobiculata, Wedd. It is sometimes
called Eed Cusco bark, to distinguish it from the bark of C. pubescens,
Vahl., which is called Cusco or Aiica bark.

(14) Red bark of English commerce. (C. snccirnbra, Pau.)
Note. — This specimen consists of fine flat pieces.

(15) Cinchona bicolor. Pitoya bark of English commerce.
Note.-^This specimen is identical with Howai'd's specimen of Steno-

stomum acutatum.

(16) Cinchona NOVA. "Found at a drug mill."

Note. — This bark corresponds exactly with Howard's specimens of
Buena Bogotensis. It is " Mutis's red cinchona of Santa Fe."

306. Oollection of Barks, presented hy Dr. Lindlet.

(1) Cascarilla colorada. (G. pitayensis.)

a. One large thick quill. (Eed Pitaya Baric.)
Note.— This bark is from the Cinchona forests of Pitaya, province of
Popayan, Columbia. It is very bitter, and seems to contain abundancq
of alkaloids, as the inner surface of the bark sparkles with minute
crystals. This, as well as the " Nouveau Cahsaya " in Guibourt's col-
lection, differs fi-om C. Pitayensis in giving at once a very bitter taste.

(2) Cinchona species. (G. heterophylla and 0. micrantJia ?)

a. Thin flattened quills.
Note.— This specimen appears to consist of two kinds, which resemble
the barks of C. heterophylla and C. micrantha in Howard's collection.
It was gathered on mountains near Loxa.

(3) Cinchona. {G. Mutisii.)

a. Quills.

Note.— This specimen is from mountains near Loxa.

(4) Cinchona ovata, B. et P.

a. Small quills.

b. Large quills.

Note.— These specimens are also from mountains near Loxa. They
correspond to the C. ovata, R. et P., in Howard's collection.

(5) Cascarilla pina de Uritusinga.

a. Thin curved and twisted flattish pieces.
Note.— This bark appears to have come from near the root of young
plants. It is ticketed, " This is the best and only kind exported." In
taste and appearance it corresponds rather with the bark of C. pubescens
Vahl, than with that of C. officinaHs, var. Uritusinga ; hence there must
be some mistake, or perhaps the wrong label has been enclosed with it

78

30G. (6) Cinchona species.
a. Largo quills.

Note.— This bark corresponds with specimens of C. pubescens, Vahl, in
Howard's collection, but is rather more warty than usual.

(7) Cinchona species.

a. Thick quills.

Note.— Tina specimen is not a true Cinchona bark, but corresponds
exactly with Howard's specimens of False red Bark, labelled Bueua
Bogotensis, Karst. It is from the woods of Eusagasuga, Bogota, Columbia.

307. Collection of Barks examined by Batka, with labels in his hand-
writing enclosed ivith the specimens. These labels are in-
dicated by inverted commas.

(1) Cinchona lancifolia, Mutis. " China fibrosa, and rubiginosa

of Bergen, Ba."

a. Large quilled, pieces, with periderm, of the red variety.

Note. — This specimen does not correspond with Bergen's specimens of
China rubiginosa in this Museum.

(2) Cinchona nitida, E. et P. " Huanuco baric of my description,

Bar

a. Quills.

Note. — This bark is one of the grey or Huanuco barks of EngUsh
commerce. It does not occur in Howard's collection.

(3) Cinchona scrobiculata, Wedd. " Containing Pelletier's aricine,

Ba."

a. riat pieces.

Note. — This is also labelled in. pencil, " Quinquina d'Arica ou de
Cusco." A mistake of some kind has evidently occurred here, probably
from the bark of C. scrobiculata, Wedd., being known as red Cusco bark,
and that of C. pubescens, as Cusco bark, since aricine is obtained from
the latter, and not from C. scrobiculata, Wedd.

(4) Large crown bark. " Huamalies, of my description, Ba."

a. Large quills.
Note. — This specimen is also labelled, " Two species. Dr. Eeichel." It
does not correspond exactly with any others in the museum. Some of
the quills are bitter, and in taste resemble the bark of C. micrantha, B.
et P. ; others are astringent, with very little bitterness. In other re-
spects they resemble the bark of C. officmaHs, L. One smaller quill,
however, has a short fracture and a very thick silvery layer, and belongs
to C. Mutisii, Lamb.

(5) Crown bark from Valparaiso. " Cinchona nova, of my de-

scription, Ba."

a. Large quills.
Note.— This bark is a very fibrous red bark, with a periderm extremely
cracked, which exfoliates, showing the marks of all the cracks on the
surface beneath.

70-

307. (6) Tellow bark from Para. "Para larlc, containing Wink-
ler^ s paricine."
a. Large quills.
2^ote. — This bark is identical with Martiny's specimen of China de
Para pallida. Externally it resembles his China de Eio Janeiro, but the
inner surface is more fibrous. The label is apparently in Batka's writ-
ing, but is not signed by him as in the other labels.

(7) Red bark from Para, " Buena hexandra, of my description,
Bar

a. Large quills.
Note. — This specimen corresponds exactly with Martiny's specimen of
China de Eio de Janeiro. Hanbury states that Pariciue was obtained by
Winkler from Buena hexandra. Pharmacographia, -p. S21.

308. The following specimens ivere presented to illustrate papers in the
Pharmaceutical Journal, etc. : —

(1) Red bark from South America. (0. succiruhra, Pav.)

a. Portions of small branches.
J). Bark from the small branclies.

c. Bark from the large branches.

d. Bark from the trunk.

e. Heartwood.

/. Section of small trunk.

g. Section of the root.

Note. — These specimens were collected near the village of Cibambe, in
the province of Alausi, in South America, in September, 1855. They
illustrate a paper on the botanical source of red bark, by Mr. J. E. How-
ard, in the P. J. [1] , vol. xvi., p. 207.

(2) Red bark from India. (C. succiruhra, Pav.)

a. Quills.

Note.—Diis specimen is from the third harvest of renewed bark from
the same tree seven years old, and was gathered at the Government
plantations in the Neilgherries, India, in March, 1868. According to
Howard, it contains 6-15 per cent, of salts of quinine.

h. Section of small trunk showing where the bark has .been

three times renewed.

c. Section showing junction of old and new bark.

d. Two sections of a trunk, showing where the tree was

previously barked.

e. Renewed bark of C. succiruhra from the ISTeil cherries

1875.

This specuuen was presented by Mr. D. Howard. It contains 0-2 per
cent, of Quinidme, an alkaloid which is not present in the natural bark
See P. J. [3] , vol. v., p. 1025.

i^ote.— Specimens a, h, and c are in the same glass jar. The above
specimens illustrate a paper in P. J. [2] , vol. x., pp. 317-320.

80

308. (3) Pale bark. (0. ofidnalis, L.)

a. "Bark from an old parcel in the London Docks,

described by Howard in P. /. [1], vol. xi., p. 494,

var. c." A good specimen of the var. a occurs in

Howard's collection,
h. " Bark sent by Don Riofrio, from the mountains of

Uritusinga Loja " (formerly spelt Loxa).

c. "Bark of C. ofl&cinalis grown in Ceylon, probably

under moss."

d. Section of small stem of 0. officinalis, L., received from

India in 1871.

e. Var. colorada del Rey, from Ootacamund.

f. Var. crispa, from Ootacamund.

g. Root bark of C. officinalis from the Neilgherries, 1874.
This specimen contains 0-8 per cent, of quinidine.

h. Renewed bark of C. officinalis, 1875.

This specimen contains 0-2 per cent, of quinidine. The natural bark
of the same plantation yielded only 0-4 per cent. See P. J. [3] , vol. v.,
p. 1025.

Note. — These barks illustrate a paper in P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 361.
See also P. J. [1] , vol. xi., p. 497, No. 31.

(4) Pale babk from India. (G. officinalis, L.)

a. Quills, from Ootacamund, Madras Presidency.
This specimen has the peculiar coarse rugged appearance characteristic
of the bark produced by the variety of C. officinalis which is called crispa
at Ootacamund. (C. officiaahs var. crispa is quite a different plant from
C. crispa, Tafalla, which has hairy warts on the leaves.) Analysed by
Howai'd, this specimen was found to contain —

Quinine 4-70

Cinchonidrne 0-90

Quinidine 0-30

Cinchonine ... 0-50

6-40

h. Quills.

Analysed by Howard, this specimen was found to contain—

Quinine 4-10

Cinchonidine I'^O

Quinidine 0-10

Cinchonine 0-20

5-70

c. Quills.

This specimen was found by Howard to contain —

Quinine 3 '20

Cinchonidine I'OO

Quinidine trace

Cinchonine 0-10

4-30

81

308. (4) Pale Bark from India, continued.

d. Root bark.

]<[ote. This specimen contains about 6 per cent, of mixed alkaloids,

largely qiiinine.

These specimens illustrate a paper in P. J. [3], vol. v., p. 1005.
(5) Yellow Bark. (G. Calisaya, Wedd.)
a. Quills infected by mycelium.
Note. — This is the specimen alluded to in P. J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 362. It
is from the under part of the stem ,of a calisaya tree grown in Java.

309. This case of specimens is from the first large sale at Amsterdam,

of Java Barks. It was presented hy Dr. J. B. Db Vrij to
Mr. Howard, and by him presented to the Museum of the
Pharmaceutical Society. See P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 945.

(1) Cinchona Calisaya, Wedd.

(2) Cinchona Hasskarrliana, Miq^.

(3) Cinchona Pahudiana, How.

(4) Cinchona officinalis, L.

(5) Cinchona succirubra, Pav.

Note. — These specimens have been analysed, and their analysis ac-
companies each specimen, and will also be found in the P. J., loc. cit.
No. 4 contained the largest amount of alkaloids.

310. Gollection of specimens illustrating a paper on Java Barks hy

Howard in the P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 21. These harks are
from the second large sale at Amsterdam of Java Barks in
May, 1873.

A. Calisaya bark.

a. Bark of C. micrantba, f. calisayoides. {Grey harh.)
K Looks like bark of C. Hasskarliana, rather than Cali-
saya.

c. Miicb. like Weddell's "morada," but more exactly the

"morada fina" of Hasskarl. (C. euneura of Miquel.)

d. Bark of C. Pahudiana.

e. Bark of C. Hasskarliana.

B. Calisaya bark.

a. Probably Calisaya ; resembles bark of C. nitida.
h. Compare with bark of C. Hasskarliana.
G. Calisaya bark.

a. All bark of C. Hasskarrliana.

D. Calisaya bark.

a. Calisaya, but rather peculiar. "I think equal to i/."
(J. E. H.)

E. Calisaya bark.

a. Bark of Calisaya Zamba.

G

82

310. E. Cinchona Hasskarliana, Miq.

a. Apparently very characteristic bark, intermediate be-
tween Calisaya and Pahudiana ; probably a true
hybrid.

S. Cinchona succirubra, Pav.

a. Very inferior looking. "I (J. E. Howard) have a
botanical specimen from Java which I think erro-
neously marked C. succirubra, Pav., and more like
0. pubescens, Vahl. Possibly this bark may belong
to the sort." ^

0. Cinchona officinalis, L.

a. Bark of var. Bonplandiana (Colorada del Rey).

b. Bark of var. Uritusinga.
M. Cinchona calopteea, Miq.

a. Contains little except cinchonine.
P. Cinchona Pahudiana, Eow.

a. A characteristic sample of this bark.
^oi..-Specimen D is very similar in appearance to the fine quiUs of
C. succirubra, now (1875) in the London market.
T. Cinchona Calisaya, Wedd.

a. Plat pieces and quills (morada and negnlla). Presented

by Mr. J. E. Howard.
h. Very large flat pieces (tahla) and long quills (canutos).
Presented by Mr. W. H. Peat, of Mincing Lane.
Note.—TlheBe specimens are placed here because alluded to in the
same paper, P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 22. They were imported from
Eastern BoUyia by Don P. Eada.

311. Cephalanthus occidentalis, L. {Button Bush.)

a. Bark.

Note.—Ihe bark is tonic and laxative, and has been used in North
America in the form of decoction and infusion, for periodical fevers.
Wood and Bache Dispens., p. 1491.

312. CoFFEA Arabica, i.

a. Stem with fruit, preserved wet.
h. Fruit, preserved wet.

c. Seedling plant, preserved wet. Presented by Mr.

G. J. B. Nobrega.

d. Leaves. (Ooffee Tea.)

e. Seeds. Four specimens.
/. Ceylon coffee.

g. Mocha ditto.

h. Caffrarian ditto.

i. Guatemala ditto.

J. Roasted coffee seeds.

83

312. CoFFBA Arabica, continued.

li. Sugai' in prismatic crystals obtained from coflPee.

Note. — Mocba coffee " berries " are small and dark yellow ; Java and
East India, larger and pale yellow; the Ceylon and West India kinds have
a bluish or greenish-grey tint. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 68.

Chicory may be detected by its readily colouring cold water, and sinking
speedily in it. Under the microscoise chicory is known by the numerous
pitted and spiral vessels of its tissue, and coffee by the absence of
these vessels, and the peculiar obliquely marked elongated cells found in
its outer coat. For fig. of these, see Lancet, January 6th, 1851, p. 22,
fig. 2. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 144.

313. Gardenia species.

a. Fruit.

Note. — The fruits of G. grandiflora, lucida, and radicans are used in
China to dye yellow. Specimens of the fruits of the two latter species
are in the collection of Chinese drugs.

314. Gentpa Americana, L. (Lana Tree.)

a. Lana dye.

Note. — This is a bluish black dye prepared from the juice of the fruit.
The fruit is edible, and is known as the Genipap. See Bentley' s Man.
Bat., p. 547.

315. Oldenlandia umbellata, Hortul.

a. Root. (Ghay Boot.)

Note. — The bark of the root contains a red dye. This specimen was
presented by Messrs. Davy, MacMm-do & Co., and was imported from
Madras. See Druri/s U. Plants Ind., p. 240.

316. Uncaria G-ambir, Eoxb.

a. Small circular moulded gambier. Two specimens

Presented by Dr. Cliristison.
h. Ditto, of a paler colour.

c. Terra japonica, in cubes, from Singapore.

d. Gambier, in parallelopipeds.

e. Cylindrical gambier.

/. Small cubical amylaceous gambier. Presented by Prof.
Guibonrfc.

Note.— The above specimens are those described by Pereira in his Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. 2, p. 154. Specimen b may perhaps be the "Amylaceous
Lozenge Gambier," there described, but it differs in having a starlike
mark on each lozenge. Specimens a are called in Dr. Pereira's catalogue,
" White or China Gambier." Specimens e and / are inferior, and contain
starch. Sago starch is the kind usually found in gambier. For fig. of
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab, 139.

RUBIACE^.
J 17. RuBiA TiNCTOEUM, L. (Madder.)

a. Root. For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xiv., fig. 3.
I. Ditto, powdered, (Crop Madder.)

84

317. Rqbia tinctorum, continued.

c. Root, powdered. (Omhro.)

d. Ditto, ditto. (Gamene.)

?/o«e.— Specimens b, c, and d are three qualities of Dutch madder, of
which 6 is the best. Dutch, French, and Zealand madder are imported
in powder; but Levant, Turkey, and Smyrna madder are imported
whole. See Bentley, Man. BoL, p. 549. For adulterations and their
detection, see Goolei/s Cyclop., 6th ed., p. 726.

,318. Rdbia Munjista, Boxb. ; Rubia cordifolia, L.

a. Root. (Bengal Madder, Munjeet.)

b. Ditto, powdered.

Note.— The root of this species is used as a dye in Bengal Its decoc-
tion is said to possess deobstruent properties. See Ind. Pharm., p. 118.

YALERIANACE^.

319. Nardostachts Jatamansi, D.G. (Spikenard.)

a. Root. " Sumbul-al-teeb." Royle, Mat. Med., p. 480.
Note. — This root has an odour like patchouli. It is supposed to be the
spikenard of Scripture. In appearance it much resembles the root of
Allium victoriale. In India it is considered of great value in epilepsy
and hysteria. The tincture is made in the proportion of 5 oz. of the
root to 2 pints of proof spirit. Ind. Pharm., p. 120. For fig., see Hist,
des Drag., t. iii., pp. 79-82.

320. Valeriana officinalis, L. (Lesser Valerian.)

a. Root, preserved wet.

b. Herb and root, ditto.

c. Root. For micr. section, see Berg., Anat. Atlas, taf. xvi., fig. 41.
Note. — This root somewhat resembles serpentary root, but may be dis-
tinguished by its odour and by the rootlets being larger and less brittle.
For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, pt. iL, taf. xxxvi., fig. 1. See Pharma-
cograpliia, p. 337 ; Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 146.

Valeriana Phu is known as the greater valerian. For fig. of root, st (
Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxxvi., fig. 2.

COMPOSITJE.
Sub-order Tubdliflor^.

321. Anactclus Pyrethrum, B.C.

a. Root. (PelUtory of Spain.) Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 151, 152.
jSfote. — This root somewhat resembles dandelion root, but may be dis-
tinguished by its thin cortical portion and large white radiate medi-
tullium, with numerous resinous dots. The root of A. ofiicinarum, Hayne,
is used instead of pellitory in Kussia, Germany, and Scandinavia. It is
only half the thickness of true pellitory root. Pharmacographia, p. 343.
For fig. of the root of A. olficiuarum, see Goebel und Knnze, pt. ii., taf.
XXX., fig. 1. For micr. section of the root of A. Pyrethrum, see Berg,
Anat. Atlas, taf. ix., fig. 28.

85

322. Anthemis nobilis, L. (Boman Chamomile.)

a. Flowerheads. (Single Ohamomiles.)

b. Ditto. (Bouble Chamomiles.')

l^ote. — The single chamomiles of commerce are always more or less
double, but may be recognised by the florets being narrower than those
of the wholly double variety. The true single or wild chamomiles are
known in commerce as Scotch chamomiles. German chamomiles are
the flowerheads of Matricaria Chamomilla, L. ; they are distinguished
from true chamomiles by having a holloio conical receptacle and no
palesB. The flowering stem of chamomile bears only one flower ; that of
Matricaria ChamomiUa bears several. The double flowers of Pyrethrum
Parthenium, Smith, are very ■ like those of the chamomile, but may be
distinguished by having a nearly flat receptacle. See P. J. [2] , vol. i.,
p. 447, for fig., etc. For flg. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 154, 155.

323. AucKLANDiA CosTDS, Falc ; Aplotaxis atjriculata, B.C.

a. Root. {JPutchuk or Koot Root.)
Note. — This root is the Costus of the ancients. It has an odour which
at first is somewhat urinous, but afterwards resembles that of orris root.
It is chiefly used as a perfume. See Ind. Pharm., p. 127. For fig. of
root, etc., see Hist, des Drog., t. iii., p. 33.

824. Arnica Montana, L.

a. Flowers. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 158.

h. Rhizome. For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxv., fig. 1.

c. Adulterated specimen.

Note. — Arnica "root" maybe distinguished from serpentary and spigeUa
roots, etc., by having the rootlets attached only on the under side, and
rather distant from each other ; also by its peculiar odoui*. It has been
found adulterated largely with the root of Geum urbanum, or avens
root, which may be distinguished by its pale purple meditullium, by the
rootlets proceeding from aU sides of the root, and by its astringent,
not acrid, taste. See P. J. [3] , vol. iv., p. 810. See Geum urbanum, p. 42.

325. Artemisia Absinthium, L. {Wormwood.)

a. Herb.

Jv^ote.— This plant is distinguished from Mugwort (A. vulgaris, L.) by
the leaves being white on both sides. In Mugwort they are dark green
on the upper side. For fig. of plant, see B. <& Tr., Med. Plants, tab, 156.

326. Artemisia maettima, var. a Stechmanniana, Besser.

a. Unexpanded flowerheads. (Woi-mseed, Semen Contra,
Santonica, Semen Cinoe.)
2^ote.— Until lately this drug was attributed to A. Gina. Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 346 ; Hist, des Drog., t. iii., p. 44. See Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 157.

327. Artemisia glomerata, Ledeh.

a. Herb.

1). Flowerheads. (Barlary Worm.seed.)
Note.— For fig. of flower, etc., see Hist, des Drog., t. iii., p. 44.
Barbary wormseed has generally more of the flower-stalk mixed with
it than the Eussian, and the flowerheads are minutely hairy.

86

328. Carthamus tinctorius, L.

a. Florets. (Safflower, Bastard Saffron.) Two specimens.
I. Ditto. {Galce Saffron.)

^ Note.— Cake saffron is made of the florets pressed together with mu-
cilage. Carthamus florets may be known from saffron by having syn-
genesious anthers, and by consisting of corollas, not of styles. Pink
saucers are coloured by this di-ug. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 556 ; Drury,
U. Plants India, p. 116; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 28. For
Carthamin, see P. J. [1] , vol. vi., p. 384.

329. Erigeron Canadense, L. {Canada Fleaba/ne.)

a. Volatile Oil. (Oil of Canada Erigeron.)
Note.— The plant is also known under the name of Colt's-tail, Pride-
weed, and Scabious. The oil is official in the U. S. Pharm. ; it is
used as a local application to haemorrhoids, and as an astringent to small
wounds, etc., or internally in hamorrhages. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 556.
For dose, etc., see Wood and Bache, Dispens,, p. 372. The plant is
naturalized in this country, and grows wild about London. For fig. of
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 149.

380. EUPATORIUM GLUTINOSUM, Lam.

a. Leaves.

Note.— This specimen was presented by Dr. Lindley, and came from
Quito, where it is known as "Matico." The label from Dr. Lindley
states, that it is excellent for staunching blood and healing wotmds.
The drug is very similar in appearance to Matico leaves (Artanthe elon-
gata), but the leaves are more hairy underneath. For other kinds of
Matico see Treas. Bot., p. 725 ; and P. J. [2], vol. v., p. 290.

331. EuPATOBiUM PERFOLiATUM, L. (Boneset, Thoroughwort.)

a. Flowering tops.

^o£e.— Official in the U. S. Pharm. The hot infusion causes free
vomiting, followed by profuse diaphoresis, and then an aperient action.
The cold infusion is tonic and aperient only. Wood and Bache, Dispens. ,
p. 376. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 147.

332. Helianthcts annuus, L. (Sunflower.)

a. Seeds.

Note. — The seeds yield an oil which is diuretic. See Amer. Dis-
pells., p. 416. The pith contains nitrate of potash. The oil has also
been used to make a kind of soap, called Sunflower Soap. Bentley,
Man., p. 556.

333. Inula Helenidm, L. (Elecampane.)

a. Root.
, h. Root, powdered.

Note. — The root has a peculiar violet-like odour, by which it may
readily be distinguished. It is official in the secondary list of the U.
S. Pharm. It is an aromatic tonic. In this country it is used chiefly
as an ingredient in Diapente and other veterinary powders. Inulin re-
places starch in the root of this plant, and other Compositae. Pharma-
cograpliia, p. 3-10 ; Wood and Bache, p. 466. Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 150.

87

334. MiKANiA Gdaco, S. et B.

a. Root.

Note. — Guaco is a generic name given in South America to any sup-
posed antidote for snake bites, P. J. [1] , vol. xiii., p. 412. The most
esteemed Guaco on the Orinoco is the root of an Aristolochia (see
Aristolochia Milhomens). The Mikanite are sometimes distinguished
as Guaco del monte, or Guaco del rastrojo. See note under Cinchona
succirubra, p. 23, in Howard's Nuev. Quirt. A Guaco root has been used
as a remedy for gout. P. J. [2] , vol. iii., p. 288.

335. PrRETHEUM Pabthenium, Lin. (Feverfew, Featherfoil.)

a. Herb.

b. Double flowers.

Note. — These flowers have been found mixed with chamomile flowers,
and are remarkable for the presence of paleffi, which are absent in the
single flower ; they are distinguished from chamomile flowers by having
a neai-ly flat receptacle. P. J. [2], vol. i., p. 447 for figs., &c.

336. Ptrethrum rosetjm, Biei.

* *

a. Plovrei's.

1). Florets. (Persian Insect Poioder.)
Note. — This drug is known in the Caucasus under the name of Guirila,
P. J. [1], vol. xviii., p. 523. This specimen was presented by M.
Zacherl, of Tiflis, in Georgia. P. J. [2] , vol. iv., p. 292. Bee also P. J.
[2] , vol. v., p. 172 ; [3] , vol. ii., p. 630 ; vol. v., p. 503. Persian insect
powder consists of the florets of the disk collected before the seed is
fully formed.

337. Senecio aureus, L., var. gracilis. (Ragwort, False Valerian,

Golden Senecio, Squatv Weed, Female Regulator, TJnhum.)
a. Herb.

Note.—Tlhe herb is used in North America for dysmenorrhaja ; it seems
to act as a stimulant tonic to the glandular system generally. Wood and
Bache, Dispens., p. 768. The root is known as Life Root.

338. SoLiDAGO ODORA, Ait. (Sweet-scmted Ooldenrod, Blue Moun-

tain Tea.)

a. Volatile Oil.

Note.~The leaves and tops are official in the secondary list of the
U. S. Pharm. The oil is used as a diuretic, and is administered in the
form of essence for suppression of urine in children, and also as a car-
minative, to check vomiting, etc. Wood and Bache, Dispens., p 1599 •
P. J. [3] , vol. iii., p. 603.

839. Ceradia furcata, Lindl. ; Othonna furcata, Benth. (Coral
Plant.)

a. Stem and branches.
h. Resin.

Wofe.— These specimens are "from the coast of Africa, opposite
Ichaboe." The resin tastes hke cedar wood, and has a fragrant odour
when burned. ,See P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 366; and for analysis of the
resm, P. J. [1] , vol. vi., p. 186.

88

840. Chuquiraqda insiqnis, E. B.

a. Leaves and young shoots.

2^o<e.— This specimen is labelled, "Highly prized by the Indians,
who use a decoction at the commencement of any kind of fevers." It
came from Columbia. See P. J. [2] , vol. xi., p. 66.

341. CiCHORiuM Intybus, L. (Ohicory.)

a. Root, roasted.
i. Root, roasted, ground.
Note.— FoT detection of Chicory in powder, see note under Coffee.

342. Lactdca -virosa, L. (Wild Lettuce.)

a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 160.
h. Inspissated juice. (Lactucarium.)

Note.— This plant may be distmguished from other Compositse by its
narrow capitulum. It rarely occurs in the west of England, but is not
uncommon in the south-eastern counties. P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 883.
For Lactucarium, see P. J. [1] , vol. vii., p. 74 ; Pharmacographia, p. 354.
For Syrup of Lactucarium, P. J. [1] , vol. iv., p. 432.

343. LiATRis SPiCATA, Willd. (Button SnaJceroot, Gay Feather, Devil's

Bit.)
a. Root.

Note — The root is used in North America for gonorrhoea and kidney
diseases, etc. It possesses dim-etic properties. Wood and P ache, Dispens.,
p. 481. In this country Scabiosa succisa, L., is known as Devil's Bit.

344. Taraxacum Dens-leonis, Desf. (Dandelion.)

a. Root, preserved wet. Two specimens.
h. Ditto, dried.

c. Mannite, obtained from the root. Presented by T. and

H. Smith. P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 480.

Note. — The root should not be kept more than a year, as it soon be-
comes worm-eaten. The roots contain more taraxacin and less inulin
and caoutchouc in the spring than in the autumn. P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 882.
The yield of extract is least in AprU and greatest in October. P. J. [1] ,
vol. X., p. 446; and P. J. [2], vol. i., 402. The root of the Bough
Hawkbit (Apargia hispida, Willd.) is sometimes mixed with DandeUon
root. It is pale externally, with a wrinkled surface, and does not break
easily. The leaves also are hairy and the flower-stalk branched. P. J.
[1] , vol. xi., p. 107. For extract and liquor see P. J. [2] , vol. i., p. 401.
For adult, &c., see P. J. [1] , vol. xvi., p. 304, with figs. For. fig. of
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 159.

LOBELIACE^.

345. Lobelia dbcurrens, Gav.

a. Herb. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
Note. — This specimen is from near Arequipa in Peru. It is used by
the Indians in doses of 1 to 3 grains in nervous fever, and as an emetic.
See P. [1] , vol. xiii., p. 14.

89

346. Lobelia inflata, L.

a. Herb.

h. Ditto, commercial specimen.

c. Seed. See P. J. [1] , vol. xi., p. 119.

Note.—B^eaimen 6 is a portion of a rectangular cake, as compressed by
the Shakers of the United States. The herb, and more especially the
seeds, of LobeUa inflata are largely used by the Eclectics in America and
by herbalists in this country as an emetic and expectorant. The flat cap-
sules readily distinguish it from other drugs similar in appearance. See
Bentley and Redwood, Mat. Med., 1874, pp. 676-680. For actiye principles
see P. J. vol. X., pp. 270, 456. Caustic alkalies decompose Lobelma.
Wood and Bache, p. 519. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 162.

347. Lobelia syphilitica, L.

a. Herb.

^oJe.— This plant possesses diuretic and antisyphilitic properties.
See Amer. Dispens., p. 494.

ERICACEiE.

348. Arctostaphtlos U^a-Ursi, Sprang. (Bearherry, Upland Cran-

berry.)
a. Leaves.

2^ote. — The leaves of Yaccinium Vitis Idaea are sometimes mixed with
Bearberry leaves, but are distinguished by having crenated revolute
margins and by being dotted underneath. Bearberry leaves are obovate ;
Box leaves are oval, and have the epidermis loose and separable on the
underside of the leaf. See Bentley and Hedwood, Mat. Med., p. 675.
Pharmacographia, p. 359. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 163.

349. Gaultheria procumbens, L. (Wintergreen, ParUidge Berry,

Ohecherberry, Beerherry, Boxherry, Teaherry, Mountain Tea.)
a. Leaves.

h. Volatile oil. {Oil of Wintergreen.)

Note. — The leaves are used as an astringent in mucous discharges.
The volatile oil is remarkable for being a natural salicylate of methyl.
The same compound occurs in the bark of Betulalenta, L. and the leaves,
etc., of Andromeda Leschenaultii. See Amer. Dispens., p. 377. In
American commerce the oil has been found adulterated with chloroform
and oU of sassafras. For detection of these, see P. J. [3] , vol iv., p. 431.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 164.

PYROLACE^.

350. Chimaphila umbellata, Pursh. ; Chimaphila cortmbosa, Pursh.

(Pipsissewa, Wintergreen, Prince's Pine, Ground Holly.)
' a. Leaves and sboots.

Note. — The leaves were official in the Ph. L. of 1836 and 1851, and are
still official in the United States Pharmacopoeia. They possess diuretic
and tonic properties. Amer. Dispem., p. 214. See Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 165.

90

AQUIFOLIACE^.

351. Ilex Paraodayensis, St. Ril.

a. Leaves, first quality. {Mate or Paraguay Tea.)

b. Leaves and twigs in powder, second quality.

c. Ditto.

i^ofe.— Specimens a and 6 were preisented by Mr. George Fielding, who
states that mate is used in Brazil in the powdered state as specimens 6
and c, and in Paraguay the leaves as specimen a. It is remarkable for
containing theine. Mat6 is used medicinally as a diuretic and diapho-
retic, but its chief use is as a refreshing beverage like tea. Treat. Bot.,
p. 618; Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 664.

352. Prinos verticillatus, L. (Black Alder, Winter Berry.)

a. Bark.

h: Leaves and berries.
Note.— Th.e bark is official in the secondary list of the United States
Pharmacopcfiia. It is used as an alterative tonic and astringent in jaim-
dice, diarrhoea, and other diseases attended with great weakness, also as
a lotion for gangrene. The berries are tonic and emetic. Wood and
Bache, p. 677. In this country, Ehamnus Frangula is known as Black
Alder,

SAPOTACE^.

353. ISONANDRA GUTTA, Hooh.

a. Gutta percha.
Note. — This specimen came from Singapore, and was presented by
Dr. Eoyle. See P. J. [1] , vol. v., p. 510 ; [1], vol. vi., p. 377 ; [1], vol.
vii., p. 180 ; [1], vol. x. p. 546 ; [1], vol. xi., p. 575 ; Bentley and Redwood,
Mat. Med., Appendix, p. 1074. For solution of, see P. J. [1], vol. xvi.,
p. 142 ; [2] , vol. iii., p. 44. For other varieties, P. J. [2] , vol. vi.,
p. 490. For decay of, P. J. [1] , vol. ii., p. 178. See Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 167.

354. Argahia Sideeoxtlon, B. et Sch.

a. Fruit.

Note. — This specimen is from Morocco, and was presented by Dr.
Hooker. The fruit is a drupe of the size of a plum, and contains a
smooth stone of the size of an acorn, marked with three longitudinal lines.
The kernels yield a sweet oil which is used in Morocco as a substitute for
oUve oil. See Journ. Bot., 1854, p. 97, and for fig. of fruit pi. iv. ; P. J.
[3] , vol. iii., p. 623.

STYEACE^.

355. Sttrax Benzoin, Dry.

a. Fruit. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
h. Balsamic resin, in tlie tear. (Slam Benzoin.)
J^^ote.— Specimen b is from Siam, and was presented to Dr. Pereira by
Mr. Noakes in March, 1836.

c. " Yellow Benzoin, in the tear."
Note. — This specimen is the kind alluded to by Pereira in vol. ii.,
pt. i., p. 684. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 169.

9]

355. Stykax Benzoin, continued.

d. Siam Benzoin, in tbe lump.

e. Ditto, inferior quality.

jV^ofe.— Specimen d consists of large tears, agglomerated together, and
specimen c of miuute tears or fragments.

Siam Benzoin as imported is never enveloped in calico like the Suma-
tra Benzoin ; the tears are more loosely agglomerated, and have often a
semifused or varnished appearance.

/. Siam Benzoin, in tlie lump. " Translucent Benzoin,"
Br. P., 352.

Note. — This specimen is from Dr. Eoyle, and differs from ordinary
Siam Benzoin in the tears being translucent or almost transparent. See
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 684.

g. Sumatra Benzoin, in the lump.

h. Ditto, inferior quality, Calcutta Benzoin, JDr. P., 351.

i. Ditto, "Europe head."
j. Ditto, ditto, "superfine."
Jc. Ditto, " second sort."

I Ditto, "Indian head."

m. Ditto, inferior, or foot.
Note.— Specimens i to in were brought from Sumatra by Mr. Marsden,
author of the "History of Sumatra," and were given by his widow to Mr.
Jacob Bell, by whom they were presented to this Society.

n. Bad Benzoin, Dr. P., 353.

356. Styeax officinale, L.

a. Bark.

Note.— This specimen was collected on May 17th, 1854, by Mr. D. Han-
bury on " mountains near Toulon, where the Styrax officinale grows
spontaneously in abundance." SeeP. J. [1] ,vol.xiv.,p. 11. Mr. Hanbury's
observations tend to show that Liquid Storax and Storax Bark are not
the produce of this tree, and that owing to the tree being cut periodically,
it does not attain a sufficient size to produce the fragrant resin which it
yields in the East. See Pharmacographia, pp. 241-246.

APOCYNACEiE.

357. Alstonia scholaris, B.JB. (Devil Tree, Palimara of JBomhay.)

a. Bark.

Note.— This specimen was presented by the cui-ator of the India
Museum, June 1st, 1869. It is official m the Iiid. Pharm. It possesses
tonic and antiperiodic properties. The bark is of a dirty white colour,
spongy, and very bitter. P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 422 ; Pharmacographia,
p. 378. For Tincture and Infusion, etc., see Ind. Pharm., pp. 137, 455.
See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 173.

358. Alstonia constricta, F. Mull. (Australian Fever Baric.)

a. Bark.

Note.— This specimen was presented by Dr. J. Bancroft, of Brisbane.
The bark is occasionally sent over to this country, and has been offered
in the London market as Bebeeru bark. It contains no alkaloid. See
Pharmacographia, p. 378, note 1, and p. 379. The bark is yeUow and
fibrous internally, and rough and corky externally. '

92

359. Alyxia stellata, B. et 8.

a. Bark. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
Note.— This bark resembles Canella in colour, but is in smaller quills,
is fibrous, and has an odour Uke Tonka bean. It contains benzoic acid!
It bas been used in Germany for chronic diarrhoea and nervous com-
plaints. See Lindl. Flor. Med., p. 532, For fig. see Goebel und Kume,
pt. i., t. xxvi., fig. 7-13.

360. Apocynum androscemifolium L. (Bitter-root, JDog's-bane, Milk-

weed.)
a. Root.

Note. — The root is used in America as an emetic and tonic in chronic
hepatic affections. It is official in the secondary list of the U.S. Pharm.
under the name of Dogbane. Amer. Dispens., p. 114.

361. Apocynum cannabinum, L. (Indian Hemp.)

a. Root.

Note. — The root is emetic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. It is used in
dropsy and uterine congestion. It is official in the secondary list of the
U. S. Pharmacopoeia. Amer. Dispens., p. 115. This must not be con-
founded with Cannabis Indica, which is also much used in America.

362. Geissospermdm Vellosii, Allem.

a. Bark. ("Pao Bereira" of Rio Janeiro.)

Note. — This is a very fibrous thin yellow bark ; it is intensely bitter. It
was presented by Professor Guibourt. It is said by him to contain an
alkaloid, called Pereirine, possessing eminently febrifuge qualities. See
Hist, des Drog., t. ii., p. 569 ; Martins. Syst. Mat. Med. Bras. , p. 39. For
Pereirine, see Watts, Diet. Chemistry, vol. iv., p. 377.

363. Gelsemium sempervirens, Bers. (Yellow Jasmine, Wild Jessa-

mine, Woodbine, Carolina Jessamine.)

a. Root. For fig. of root, see P. J. [3] , vol. vi., p. 521.

Note. — This drug consists partly of root, and partly of stem. It is
official in the TJ. S. Pharm. It is much valued as a remedy for control-
ling nervous irritability in fevers, and for subduing tetanus. In large
doses it has proved fatal. See Amer. Dispens., p. 378 ; Lancet, May 24,

1873, p. 731 ; September 23, 1873, p. 475 ; Brit. Med. Journ., May 2,

1874, p. 576. For Tincture, see P. J. [3] , vol. iv., p. 998. For Liquid
Extract, U. S. Pharm., p. 159 ; P. J. [3], vol. vi., pp. 481, 561, 601. For
fig of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 181.

364 Holarbhena antidysentbrica, B. Br. (Gonessi Barh, TellicJierrT/

Barh, Godaga Bala, Gorte de Bala.)

a. Bark.

h. Seeds. (Anderjow.)

]^ote. The bark is deemed a specific in most complaints of the bowels

by the natives of India. It was formerly sent to Europe, but fell into
disrepute, probably owing to the fact that a tree extremely similar in
appearance (Wrightia tinctoria, R. Br.), yields a bark not possessing the
same properties, the bark of which may have been gathered for it. See
Jnd. Pharm., pp. 137, 455. The bark is of a dirty white colour, similar
to that of Alstonia scholaris, but is much denser and not spongy.

J

93

364. HOLARRHENA ANTIDTSENTERICA, COntilllied.

The seeds are from the Exhibition of 1851. They are of the size of oats,
of a brown colour, with one longitudinal furrow, and have an extremely
bitter taste. They have been used to allay vomiting in cholera and also
for cattle plague. See Ind. Pharm.,-p. 138. For Wrightine or Conessine,
an alkaloid contained in both bark and seeds, see P. J. [2], vol. v., p. 493 ;
[2], vol. vi., p. 432.

LOGANIACEtE.

365. Spigelia Marilandica, L. (Carolina PinJc, Worm Grass.)

a. Herb. (Indian Pink Boot.)

h. Boot. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 180.
Note. — Indian Pink root, as met with in English commerce, usually
consists of the whole herb, with root attached. In the United States,
the root only appears to be used. It much resembles serpentary root
but is smaller, more fm-rowed, and without the peculiar odour of serpen-
tary. From arnica it differs in taste, and in the rootlets being closer
together. It is official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. Besides its vermi-
fuge property, it has a stimulant action on the heart and arteries. Phar-
macographia, p. 389 ; Wood and Bache, p. 799.

366. Strychnos Ignatii, Bergius.

a. Seeds. (St. Ignatius Beans.)
Note.— These seeds contain three times as much strychnia as nux
vomica seeds. Very httle is known concernmg the plant itself. Pharina-
cographia, p. 387. See Leu-sung-kwo, in the collection of Chinese
Materia Medica. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants
tab. 179. '

367. Strychnos cinnamomifolia, Thiv. (?)

a. Section of small trunk.

J^oie.— This specimen is labelled in Dr. Pereira's handwriting, " Strych-
nos mermis, a creeper producing a species of nux vomica, Ceylon."

There is no species with the above name described in the Enuin Plant
Zeylan, p. 201.

368. Stbychnos Nux Vomica, L.

a. Bark. For fig. see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. ii., fig. 5_7.

b. Ditto. Presented by Dr. Shauglinessy.

c. Ditto. See Bentley and Trimen, 3Ied. Pla7its, tab. 178
Jjrofe.-Specimen c was picked out of a sample of Angustura bark in

Dubhn, by Dr. Nehgan, and was sent by him to Dr. Pereii-a The letter
which accompanied the specunen is enclosed with it m the glass jar.

d. Section of stem.

e. Fruit.

/. Ditto, preserved wet.

g. Seeds. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 47
Note—Some specimens of the bark much resemble Cusparia bark Its
transverse fracture, however, does not present the white specks present
in Cuspana bark ; and nitric acid turns it bright red, mstead of dull red as

P mTTJ''''^; ■ N^^^°^i<'^ ^-^^ contains brucia, but notstiychnia
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 638. See P. J. [3] , vol. v. p 7 f!;
fig. of bark, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. ii., figs. 5, 6, 7.'

94

I

369. Stutchnos potatorum, L.

a. Seed. (Clearing Nuts.)

Note.— These seeds are used in India for clearing muddy water ; tho
fruits are said to be used in medicine as an emetic, this property residing
in the pulp and in the pericarp ; also as a remedy in diabetes and gonorrhoea.
The substance which clears water appears to reside in the coat of the
seed. Seelnd. Pharm., p. 146 ; P. J. [1] , vol. ix., p. 478. In use one of
the seeds is rubbed round the sides of a glazed earthenware vessel, and
the water then allowed to settle. For fig. of seed see P. J. [3] , vol. ii.,
p. 44 ; of fruit, Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 656.

370. Strtchnos pseudo-Quina, St. Hil. (Quina do ccmupo of S. Paulo

and Minas.)

a. Bark. Two specimens.

Note. — This bark is used in Brazil for intermittent fevers, and for
hepatic and other glandular complaints. Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bra-
sil., p. 41. A rutaceous plant, Hortia Brasihana, also bears the name of
Quina do campo in some parts of Brazil. The specimens in this Museum
were presented by Prof. Guibourt. Hist, des Drog., t. ii., p. 563.

371. Strtchnos toxifera, Benth. (Wourari, Curari, Woorali.)

a. Prepared poison.

Note. — This specimen jar contains two sets of arrows, presented by
Mr. Morson, also some poison in a bamboo joint, some in a small gourd,
and some in a bottle. The poison in a bottle is labelled, "Eeceived
from C. Waterton. 1821. See Phil. Trans., 1751 and 1780." The poison
is used by the natives of Guiana to tip their arrows and darts for
killing game. The specimen presented by Mr. Morson was brought to
this country in 1849, by Captain Gordon, of the Eoyal Marines, who
procured it from the natives of Pu-ara, about twenty-five miles from
Fort San Joaquim, on the Eio Branco, a branch of the Amazon. See
letter accompanying specimen. See P. J. [1] , vol. iii. p. 75 ; [2"] , vol. i.
p. 246. Strychnia is said to be an antidote to Woorari poison. See
P. J. [2], vol. ii. p. 213. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 657.

GENTIAI^"ACE^.

372. Chelonanthus species.

a. Bark.

]<lQte. — This specimen was presented by Dr. Lindley, and bears a label
as follows : " Quina naranjada, Chelonanthus species. This bark
belongs to the Gentianacefe. It is preferred in Popayan to the Cinchona
bark." It is occasionally exported,

373. ERYTHRiEA Oentaurium, Fers. (Lesser Oentaury.)

a. Herb.

■^otc. This plant is much used in the provinces as a bitter tonic.

The Greater Centaury of the old herbalists is supposed to be Centaurea
Oentaurium, a plant belonging to the Compositas. Chlora perfoliata,
L., another Gentianaceons plant, was formerly called Yellow Centaury.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 629.

95

374. Frasera. Carot.inbnsis, Walter. (American Calumha.)

a. Root.

l^ote. — This specimen was bought in Buffalo, New York, under the
name of American Calumha, and was said to he imported there from
the State of Indiana. This specimen was presented by Dr. Maclagan.
Bentley's Man. Bot., p. 571. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii. pt. i., p. 631. The
root is official in the secondary list of the TJ. S. Pharmacopaiia. For
fig. of root, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf . v., fig. 5, a, c, d.

375. Gentiana lutba, L.

a. Root. (Gentian root.)

b. Powdered.

Note. — The roots of other species of Gentian, viz., G. purpurea,
G. pannonica, and G. punctata are sometimes mixed with gentian root.
G. purpurea and G. pannonica are known by being of a darker brown
internally, and having strong longitudinal furrows, but no transverse,
wrinkles externally. The roots of G. punctata are of a yellowish, not
brown, colour. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 623. For fig. of root,
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 182.

376. GrENTlANA PERUVIANA, Lam.

a. Bark.

377. Mentanthes trifoliata, L. (Buchhean, Boghean, Marsh

Trefoil.)
a. Leaves.

Note. — It is a bitter tonic, but sometimes produces cathartic and
emetic effects. In Germany it is used as a substitute for hops. It is
said to be eaten by sheep affected with the rot. Buckbean flowers in
May. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 184.

378. Ophelia Chirata, Ch-isebach. (Ghiretta, Dukhani GUretta.)

a. Herb. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants
tab. 183.

6. Ditto, an original bundle.

c. Ditto, falsely packed.
2^ote.— Specimen c was presented by Mr. H. Sugden Evans. The root
of Munjeet (Eubia cordifoUa, L.) is packed in the centre of the bundle.
See F. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 367. Several species of this genus and some of
other genera are used in other parts of India as substitutes for Ghiretta.
See P. J. [3] , vol i., p. 106 ; Pharmacographia, p. 393. See also next
specimen. The infusion of chirata, according to Mr. Squire, is more
agreeable if made at a temperature below 180° F. See P. J. [1] , vol i
pp. 268, 413 ; Ind. Ann. of Med. Science, 1856, vol. iii., p. 270.

379. Ophelia angustifolia, Don. (Paharee Ghiretta.)
a. Herb.

J^^ote.— This species has lately been substituted in commerce for 0.
Chirata. It yields a paler infusion than the official species. P. J. [3] '
vol. v., p. 481. It is distinguished by the absence of any distinct
pith, and by the thickness of the wood of the stem as seen when cut
transversely. The loicer portion of the stem is also quadrangular
P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 106 ; Ind. Pharm. p. 149.

96

380. Sabbatia angularis, Pursh. (American Centaury, Bose-pink.)
a. Herb.

Note.— It is official in the secondary list of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia,
It possesses tonic and anthelmintic properties, and is also used as a
deobstruent. Wood and Bache, Dispcns. p. 72G.

ASCLEPIADACE^.

381. AscLEPiAS incarnata, L. (Flesh-colomed Ascl&pias, Swamp

Sillcweed, Milkweed.)
a. Root.

jSfote. The root is used as an anthelmintic in doses of 10-20 grains

three times a day, also in chronic mucous disease of the stomach. It is
official in the secondary list of the U. S. Pharmacopeia; Wood and
Bache, p. 144.

382. AsCLEPiAS TUBEROSA, L. {Butterfly Weed, Pleurisy Boot, Wind

Boot, Tuber Boot.)
a. Eoot.

2vroJe.— The root is used as an expectorant and diaphoretic in pleurisy
and other catarrhal affections. Administered with Aletris farinosa, it
is said to have cured many cases of prolapsus uteri. Wood and Bache,
p 143. Asclepidin and Ascletin are prepared from this root. The
former is a kind of resinous extract, and the latter a crystalline principle.

383. Calotbopis gigantba, B. B.

a. Root.

h. Bark of the root. (Mudar Bark.)
Note —Specimen a was given by Dr. Bidie, of Madras, to Mr. D.
Hanbury, by whom it was presented to the Society in 1874. The root-
• barks of C gigantea and of C. procera are official in the Ind. Pharm.,
and are used in leprosy, syphilis, dysentery, etc. As an alterative tome
the bark is given in doses of three grains ; as an emetic, thirty to sixty
grains The roots are apt to become mouldy and inert unless kept
very dry. Ind. Pharm. pp. 141, 457, 458; Pharmacographia, p. 381,
note 7.

384. Calotropis procera, B. B.

a. Root.

Note -This specimen is an authentic one from Dr. E. Burton Brown,
of Lahore. It was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury in 1874.
grapUa, p. 381, note 6. This species yields a portion of the Mudar bark
of Vidian commerce. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 176.

385 Ctnanchum Monspeliacum, L. . ■ ^

a. French or MontpelHer Scammony, in a semicircular

cake. J. P. No. 253.

h. Ditto, in porous fragments.
Note -This is a factitious scammony prepared from the expresse.l
ile oi the plant mixed with various resins and purgative substance.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., P- 606.

97

386. SoLENOSTEMMA Argel, Rayne.

a. Leaves.

b. Flowers.

c. Fruits.

Note.—Ai'gel leaves may generally be found more or less abundantly iu
Alexandi'ian senna. They are known by their rougher surface, by the
veins being indistinct, and by being equal at the base. The fi'uits are
small and pear-shaped, and not at all like a legume. Pharmacographia,
p. 194. For fig. of leaves and fruit, eeeBentley and Redwood, Mat. Med.,
p. 858, fig. 95 a, b. Bentleij and Trivien, Med. Plants, tab. 175.

387. Hemidesmus Indicus, B. Br. (Indian Sarsaparilla, Nanndri

Moot, Ananto-mul.)
a. Root.

h. Root and herb.

JT^ofe.— Specimen b was collected in Ceylon by Dr. Bennett, and was pre-
sented by Mr. A. P. BalkwiU, Plymouth. It is known from other roots
by its odour, resembling that of melilot, and by its transversely cracked,
easily separable bark. Pharmacographia, p. 379 ; Ind. Pharm., pp. 140,'
457. For micr. structure, see P. J. [3] , vol. iii., p. 62. For fig. of plant!
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 174.

388. TrLOPHORA asthmatica, Wight et Arnott. {Indian Ipecacuanha.)

a. Leaves. (JJnto-mool.)

Note.— The leaves possess emetic, expectorant, and diaphoretic pro-
perties, and form one of the best indigenous substitutes in India for
ipecacuanha. Ind. Pharm., pp. 142, 458 ; Pharmacographia, p. 382. For
fig. of leaf, see P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 105. Bentley and Trimen, Med Plants-
tab. 177. '

CORDIACE..E.

389. CoEDiA BoissiERi, A. de 0.

a. Portion of trunk. (Anacahtdte Wood.)
Note.— The tree is a native of Tampico, where it is used by the Indiajas
as a cure for consumption and pulmonary complaints. Pharm. Journ [21
vol. n., p. 407; [2], vol. in., p. 164 ; and for fig. of plant, [2], vol. iv.,'
p. 273. The specimen of wood was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.

CONVOLVULACE^.

390. Batatas edulis, Choisy.

a. Root ; two specimens preserved wet. (Siveet Potato.).
Note.-The tubercular root is used as a substitute for potatoes in warm
countnes. See Treas. Bot., p. 128.

391. Convolvulus Scammonia, L.

a. Root and resin. See Bentl. <& Trim., Med. Plants, No. 187.

h. Root showing exudation of resin, and chalk in interstices
of root.

c. Virgin Scammony, contained in one of the shells used in
collecting it. For fig. see P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 268.

H

98

391. Convolvulus Scammonia, continued.

d. Virgin Scammony, in lumps. Presented by Mr. D.

Hanbury.

e. Ditto. Presented by J. Bell & Co.
/. Ditto. Presented by Wright & Co.

g. Aleppo Scammony, somewhat cbalky. Presented by

Wright & Co.

h. Ditto, amylaceous and chalky. Presented by Wright

& Co.

i. Ditto, chalky and dextrinose. Presented by Wright &

Co.

j. Ditto, ditto, in flat rounded cakes. Presented by
Wright & Co.

The following specimens (Ic to q) are from Dr. Pereii'a's collection,
and the numbers attached are those used in his catalogue.

h. Virgin Scammony, No. 248.

I. Second Scammony, containing chalk and flour, No. 249.
m. Ditto,- containing chalk, No. 250.

n. Cake Scammony, various pieces adulterated with chalk,
the proportions of chalk stated by the manufacturer
(a Turkey merchant), No. 251.

o._ Artificial Scammony, containing guaiacum, sold as
Smyrna Scammony, No. 252.

p. Trebizond Scammony, No. 254.

q. Scammony out of a leather bag. No. 256.

r. Skihp Scammony.

s. Syrian Scammony.

t. Spurious Scammony. Presented by J. B. Batka, Prague,
u. Imitation of Scammony. See P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 269.

Jv^ote.— Sldlip Scammony contains 30 to 40 per cent, of resin only, and
much -wheat starch. Scammony starch differs in shape from wheat starch.
This kind of scammony may be known by its dull greyish brown opaque
surface. It is probably sometimes used for Scammony Powder. See
P. J. [1] , vol. xiii., p. 267. For fig. of Scammony Stai-ch, see P. J. [3] ,
vol. v., p. 263. For fig. of Wheat Starch, see Per. Mat. Med. vol., ii.,
pt. i., frontispiece, fig. 1. Other resins, if present (except Jalap resin),
would be precipitated when the scammony is dissolved in an alkali, and
an acid added. Jalap resm may be detected by its odour, and by bemg
insoluble in ether ; chalk, by effervescence with an acid. See P. J. [1] ,
vol. iv., p. 267 ; [1] , vol. xi., p. 278 ; [1] , vol. xiv., p. 38. For resm of
scammony, see P. J. [1] , vol. xvii., p. 37 ; [1], vol. xviii., p. 447. Col-
lection of, P. J. [1] , vol. xiii., p. 267 ; [2] , vol. i., p. 521. Constitution
of resm, P. J. [2] , vol. ii., p. 169 ; [2] , vol. iii., p. 213. Varieties of, P. J.
[3] , vol. u., p. 1006. For micr. structure of root, P. J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 81.

99

392. ExoGONiUM PURGA, Benth ; Ipomcea P[jega, Emjne. (Vera Cnoz

Jalap.)

a. Root, etc., preserved wet. B. & T., Med. Plants, tab. 186.
Note. — This specimen was grown at Clapham, and was presented by

Mr. D. Hanbmy. It shows the formation of tubercules by the enlargement
of roots proceeding from a slender subterranean stem.

b. Tubercules, preserved wet.

Note. — This specimen was grown in the Botanical Garden of Trinity
College, Dublin, and was presented by Dr. Aquila Smith, in May, 1869.

c. Tubercules. Two specimens.

d. Resin obtained from tlie tubercules. (Jalapin.)

e. Ditto, purified.

t /. Large pyriform jalap tubercules.
t 9- One large globular ditto.

Note. — True Jalap is distinguished from Tampico by being usually
turnip-shaped or pear-shaped, by its density, by not being shrunken, and by
being marked with numerous little transverse scars, which are absent
in Tampico Jalap. For culture of, see P. J. [2] , vol. viii., p. 651. For
valuation of, P. J. [2], vol. ix., p. 487. For resin, P. J. [1], vol. iv.,
p. 428 ; [2] , vol. ix., p. 233. For adulteration of jalap resin, P. J. [1] ,
vol. iii., p. 132 ; [2] , vol. iv., p. 326. The root contains 15 per cent, of
resin, about 5 per cent, of which is soluble in ether, the rest insoluble.

393. Ipomcea Okizabensis, Ledan.

a. Root. (Male or Stalh Jalap, Woody Jalap, Orizaba Boot,
Purgo maclio of the Mexicans.)
Note. — This root contains a resin entu-ely soluble in ether. See P. J.
[1] , vol. iii., p. 133 ; [1] , vol. xi., p. 521, No. 1 ; [1] , vol. iv., p. 326."

394 Ipomcea species.

a. Tubercules. (Jalap with a roseate odour.)
Note.— This Jalap much resembles in appearance Tampico Jalap, but
occurs in much larger pieces. It was found by Guibourt in French
commerce in 1842, and was presented by him. It contains accordinc^ to
his analysis only 3-23 per cent, of resin, about half of which is insoluble
m ether. The roseate odoui- is not now (1875) perceptible. P J m
vol. ii., p. 331. • L J>

395. Ipomcea simulans, Banbury.

a. Tubercules. (Tampico Jalap.)
Note.— The Tampico Jalap plant was first described by Mr. D Hanbury
and IS figured in the Jouni. Linn. Soc, vol. xi. (1870), 279, tab 2 See
also P. J. [2] , vol. xi., p. 848. It is distinguished from the true Jalap
plant by its corolla being funnel-shaped, and its flower-buds drooping •
the corolla of Exogouium purga is spread out horizontaUy Hke a wheel'
and the flower-buds are erect. The tubercules are paler, more spongy and
are fusiform in shape. They yield a resin entii-ely soluble in ether
As imported, the drug often appears to be mixed with true Jalap which
mil perhaps account for the different opinions held concerning the solu
bihty of Its resin in ether. Pharmacographia, p. 402. The tubercules
have been mistaken for the roots of Nepaul Aconite. See ^conz. J}" .
and P. </. [2] , vol. vii., p. 58. '

100

396. Pharbitis Nil, Choisy.

a. Seeds. (Kaladana.) For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Tr 'men, Med. Plants, tab. 185.
Note.- The resin (Kaladana resin) contained in the seeds is probably
identical with that of true jalap, being insoluble in ether. Itis official in
the Pharm. Ind., as well as an extract, tincture, and compound powder.
The specific name Nil, is a Hindustanee word signifying blue, the flowers
being of that colour. The seeds are a safe and efficient purgative, and
are used in a roasted state by the natives. See Pharmacographia, p. 402.

SOLANACE^.

397. Capsicum annuum, L.

a. Fruit, preserved wet. (Oapsicum, Pod Pepper, Chiinea
Pepper.')

Note. — The fruits of Capsicum annuum vary very much in size. See
Pharmacographia, p. 406. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 188.

398. Capsicum fastigiatum, Blume.

a. Fruit. (Bird Pepper, GMlUes.)

h. Ditto, powdered. (Gayenne Pepper.)

399. SoLANUM Dulcamara, L.

a. The young shoots.
Note. — This plant is known from Solanum nigrum by having lilac
flowers and red berries. S. nigrum has white flowers and black berries.
Plants of S. Dulcamara are sometimes found with the leaves not auricu-
late. See Pharmacographia, p. 404; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
p. 591. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 190.

400. Solanum tuberosum, L.

a. Sugar.

h. Ditto, liquid.

c. Potato starch.

d. Potato sago, small.

e. Ditto, large.

Note. — A portion of the whiter varieties of sago of commerce and the
substance known as Pearl Tapioca are made of potato starch. Potato
starch may be known under the microscope by its large size, and by the
granules being irregularly ovate in shape, and sometimes with more
than one hilum iu each. For fig. of the starch see Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., pp. 148 and 588 ; frontispiece, fig. 9 ; Berg, Anat. Atlas.,
taf. 50, fig. G.

ATROPACE^.

401. Atropa Belladonna, L.

a. Root.

^o«e. This root has been found mixed with mallow root. It may be

distinguished by not being fibrous, like that of the mallow, and by its
large meditullium. The roots usually have a portion of the base of the
stem attached to them. The leaves may be distinguished from those of
Stramonium by not being toothed in the margin. For fig. of plant, see
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 193.

I

101

402. Datuka Stramonium, L.

a. Leaves.
I. Seed.

Note.— The leaves resemble those of Henbane in shape and in being
toothed at the margin, but are not hairy, and the stem leaves ai-e stalked,
not sessile as in Henbane. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 192.

403. Hyoscyamus niger, L.

a. Leaves. (Annual Henhane.)

b. Ditto. (Biennial Henbane.)

c. Seed.

Note.— The radical stalked leaves of the biennial plant are often sold
as Annual Henbane. In the Annual Henbane plants the small radical
leaves are withered before the plant blossoms, therefore all the leaves
in the annual drug should be without stalks. For the seed, see P. J.
[2] , vol. ix., p. 233. Henbane leaves may be known in the dried state
from Stramonium by the leaves being hairy, not smooth, and from
Belladonna by the leaves being toothed in the margin. For fig. of plant,
see Bentley and Trimeji, Med. Plants, tab. 19-1.

404. Nicotiana Tabacum, L.

a. Leaves. (Tobacco.)

Note. -TohaQco is jdelded by several different species. N. Persica
yielding the Persian; N. rustica the Latakia, Turkish, and ManiUa ; N.
repanda the Cuban and Havana. See Bent. Man., p. 580; P. J '[1]
vol. iii., p. 342 ; P. J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 566. For fig. of plant, 'see Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 191.

OLEACE^.

405. Fraxinus Ornus, L. (Manna Ash.)

a. Section of stem, showing manner of incising the bark.

See P.J. [3], vol. iii., p. 422.

b. Flaky Manna, on pieces of stick, as collected. (Manna

a cannolo.)

c. Flaky manna, a commercial specimen.

d. Artificial manna, made in France, Presented by Mr.

H. S. Evans. See P. J. [1], vol. 1, p. 603.

e. Ditto. Presented by Mr. W. W. Stoddart.
/. Mannite, See P. J. [1], vol. vi., p. 183.

Note.— Maim& is not now produced in Calabria as an article of com-
merce. P J. [3] . vol. iii., p. 422 ; P. J. [S] , vol. xi., p. 326. Artificial
manna either contains no mannite at all, or not more than 40 per cent
while true manna contains 70-80 per cent. Spurious manna is known
by Its umform colour and freedom from the slight impurities, as well as
from the pecuUar odour and slight bitterness of manna P'J m

• uV^rJ^: ^ ^^^y other plants.' See

Mzller^s Ghem., pt. m., p. 321 ; P. J. [i] , vol. iv., p. 567 ; [11 vol vSi
PP^480-482; [1] , vol. x., p. 124; [1], vol. xvi., p. 530 [2]', vol^^"
p. 629. For Artificial Mamiite, see P. J. [3] ,vol. I, p. 864. For fig of
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 170.

102

406. Olea EuROPJiA, L. {Olive Tree.)

a. Branclilets in fruit, preserved wet.

b. Drupes, preserved wet.

c. Olive oil. Two specimens.

d. Castile soap.

e. Venetian soap.
/. Resin.

Note. — Castile soap is a compound of olive oil and soda. It owes its
colour to the decomposition of ferrous sulphate, stirred into the soap
during its manufacture. Pure soft soap is a compound of olive oil and
potash. For the resin, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 664. For
detecting adulterations, P.J. [l],vol. xii., pp. 484, 497 ; [l],vol. iii.,
p. 293 ; [2] , vol. iv., p. 376 ; [2] , vol. vii., p. 277. The leaves and bark
of the olive tree are febrifuge. P. J. [1] , vol. xiii., p. 353 ; [2] , vol. iv.,
. p. 473. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 172.

PLANTAGINACEJi:.

407. Plantago Ispaghula, Eoxh.

a. Seed. (S^Jogel seeds, IsjjJlagul.)
]<[ote. — These seeds contain a quantits- of mucilage, and are official in
the Pharm. Ind. as a remedy for diarrhoea and dysentery, as well as for
catarrhal and renal affections. See Ind. Pharm., p. 182 ; and for fig.
P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 86. This specimen was presented by Dr. Christison.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 211.

BORAGINACE^.

408. Anchusa tinctoria, L.

a. Root.

Note.— The red colouring matter of this root is soluble in oU, turpen-
tine, and spirit, but not in water. See P. J. [1] , vol. vii., p. 535.

LABIATE.

409. CoLLiNsoNiA Canadensis, L.

a. Rhizome. (Stone Boot, Oxhalm, Collinsonia Boot.)
Note.— The rhizome is used in North America as a stimulant tonic in
atonic dyspepsia, chi-onic laryngitis, clergyman's sore throat, or in any
case where a tonic for the mucous membrane is required. Amer.
Dispens., p. 278.

410. Hedeoma pulegioides, Pers. (American Pennyroyal, lAckweed,

Squaw Mint.)
a. Essential oil. (^American Oil of Pennyroijal)
Note.— This oil is used in the United States instead of oil of penny-
royal. It is official in the U. S. Pharmacopceia. Its sp. gr. is •945--948,
that of oil of pennyroyal being •925--931. For fig. of plant, see Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 200.

411. Lavandula vera, D.G. (Lavender.)

a. Flowers.

103

411. Lavandula veea, continued.

b. Essential oil.

Note. — Lavandula vera may be distinguished from L. spica by having
rhomboidal bracts, those of L. spica being Hnear. For cultivation, see
P. J. [2], vol. i., p. 276; [3], vol. iii., p. 326. For results of distilla-
tion, P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 276; [1], vol. x,, p. 172. For adulteration,
see P. J. [1] , vol. xi., p. 32. Turpentine may be detected by its insolu-
bility in spirit ; alcohol may be removed, if present, by anhydrous chloride
of calcium or glycerin. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 199.

412. Mentha piperita, L. (Peppermint.)

a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 203.
&. Essential oil.

Note. — Peppermint is known from spearmint by its puri^le tint, by the
leaves being stalked, and by the terminal spike-hke inflorescence being
obtuse. For cultivation, see P. J. [1] , vol. x., p. 340. The oil has been
found adulterated with castor oil, spirit of wine, and turpentine. For
detection of these and other adulterations, see P. J. [1] , vol. ix., p. 580 ;
[3], vol. ii., p. 981; Cooley's Gyclopcedia, p. 834. For fluorescence with
acids, P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 682; [3], vol. iv., p. 977. Hotchkiss' oil of
peppermint is known by giving an opalescent solution with rectified
spirit of wine, P. J. [3] , vol. ii. p. 338. The dried herb yields from
three to four times more volatile oil than in the green state.

413. Mentha viridis, L. {Spear-mint, Garden Mint.)

a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 202.

b. Essential oil.

Note.— The oil of spearmint of commerce is chiefly derived from
Mentha aquatica, L., var. y crispa, Benth. See Pharmacographia, p. 432.

414. Mentha Pulegium, L. (Pennyroyal, Organs.)

a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab, 201.

b. Essential oil.

J/otc— Pennyroyal is distinguished from the other official mints by the
small size of its leaves, and by the whorls of the flowers being distinct
and not arranged in a dense spikelike infloresence. See Eedeoma
pulegioides, and note imder Origanum vulgare.

415. MoNARDA PUNCTATA, L. (American Sorsemint.)

a. Herb.

b. Essential oil.

Note.— The leaves and tops are official in theU. S. Pharmacopceia. The
plant possesses stimulant, anti-emetic, and emmenagogue properties.
See Amer. Dtspens., p. 530. In this country Mentha sylvestris, L., is
known by the name of Horsemint. Bentley and Trhnen, Med! Plants
tab. 208. '

j 416. Origanum vulgare, L. (Wild Marjoram.)
a. Essential oil.

2^oie.— The Marjoram of the kitchen gardens is 0. Majorana, L., and is
commonly known as " Sweet Marjoram." Pennyroyal is known' in the
S. W. of England under the name of " Organs," a corruption of Ori-

L

I

104

416. Origanum vuloabe, continued.

ganum. The OU of Origanum of commerce is obtained from TliymuH
vulgaris, L. See P. J. [1], vol. x., pp. 6 and 324. PliarmacograiMa,
p. 4d8. By redistillation the oil becomes colourless, and forms the " 01
Origani Alb. " of the wholesale druggists. The cheap Oil of Origanum is a
mixture of tm-pentine, oil of spike (Lavandula spica), oil of rosemary,
and oil of thyme, coloured with alkanet. This adulterated oil is imported!
and is also mixed in this country. See Bentlcy and Trimen, Med. Plantu'
tab. 204, 205. '

417. PoGOSTEMON Patchouly, Pellet. (Pucha-pat, Patchouli.)

a. Leaves.

b. Essential oil.

2^oie.— This plant is not used in medicine. See P.J. [1], vol. iv., p.
80 ; ix., p. 282 ; and for fig. of plant, P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 576.

418. Rosmarinus officinalis, L. (Bosemanj.)

a. Flowering tops.

h. Essential oil.
Note.— The infusion was formerly esteemed a nervine tonic, and is still
used in nervous complaints by herbaUsts. Waring, Therapeutics, p. 559.
The oil is often adulterated with turpentine. " Camphine," or highly
rectified oil of turpentine, is the kind often used in adulterating volatile
oils. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 207.

419. Salvia officinalis, L. {Garden Sage.)

a. Essential oil. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 206.
Note. — Used only as a culinary flavouring agent. The leaves arfe some-
times used to make a gargle for sore throat.

420. Scutellaria lateriflora, L. (American SJmllcajp, Side Floiver-

ing Skullcap, Mad-Bog Weed, Hoodwort.)
a. Herb.

Note. — This plant is highly esteemed by the Eclectic practitioners of
America as a powerful nervine tonic, and is used by them for neuralgia,
chorea, and other nervous affections. The herb is official in the second-
ary list of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. See Amer. Dispens., p. 758.

MYOPORACE^.

421. AviCENNiA NiTiDA, L. (Courida Tree.)

a. Bark.

Note. — This specimen was in the International Exhibition of 1851, and
was contributed by Mr. David Shier, of Demerary. The bark is used in
tanning. See P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 160.

SELAGINACB^.

422. Globularia Altpum, L. (Wild Senna.)

a. Leaves. For fig., see Hist, des Drog., vol. ii., p. 453.
Note. — This specimen was presented by Dr. C. Martius. The leaves
are said to have been frequently found among senna leaves in Germany.
P.J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 426. The leaves possess purgative properties in
doses of 50 to 100 grains, when given in the form of decoction. See also
Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 692. The leaves have a bitter taste, and are covered
with minute white points, only visible under a lens.

105

PEDALIACE^.

423. Sesamum Indicum, B.C.

a. Seeds. {Sesame Seed, Teel Seed.)

I. Fixed oil. (Gingelly Oil.)

c. Leaves. {Sesame Leaves, Benne Leaves.)

j^ote. The seeds, wMch vary mucli in colour, are said to possess

emmenagogue properties. Ind. Pharm., p. 151. Tliey yield half their
weight of a fixed oil, in colour resembling almond oil, but possessed of
drying properties. It is said that the finer quahties are used to adulter-
ate almond oil. If more than 10 per cent, of it be present, it can be
detected by shaking the oil with nitric and sulphuric acids, which turns
a mixture of equal quantities of it green. See Pharmacographia, p. 427.
The leaves contain a quantity of mucilage, and are used in North America
to make a demulcent di-ink for catarrh, etc. See Amer. Dispens., p. 769 ;
Pharm. Ind., p. 151. See Bentley and Trivien, Med. Plants, tab. 198.

SCROPHULARTACE^.

424. D1GITAI.IS PUEPUEEA, L. (Foxglove.)

a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 195.
h. Seeds.

Note. — The leaves which most resemble those of Digitalis, and which
frequently grow in the same neighbourhood, are those of Verbascxim
nigi-um, L., and Inula Couyza, D.C. The leaves of Digitalis may be dis-
tinguished from those of both these plants, by the smaller veins extending
into the wing of the petiole. Verbascum thapsus, L., has leaves which
are too woolly to be easily mistaken for those of foxglove. See P. J. [1],
vol. iv., p. 126 ; xi., p. 523. The seeds have been recommended as a sub-
stitute for the leaves, as being more reUable in their action, and less
likely to be adulterated than the leaves. P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 419. The
leaves are said to be more active in early auttimn than when the plant is
in flower, P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 50. For therapeutical use, see P. J. [3] ,
vol. ii., pp. 323, 366. For volatile alkaloid, P. J. [2] , vol. v., p. 586.

425. Leptandra Virginica, Nutt. {Black Boot, Leptandra, Culver's

Physic, Tall Speediuell.)
a. Rhizome.

Note. — The rhizome is official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. It is used as
a stimulant to the liver and absorbent system, and possesses considerable
medicinal activity. Leptandrin is a resinous principle obtained from the
root. See Amer. Dispens., p. 479. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 196.

426. Lyperia crocba, EcJcl. {Cape Saffron, Geele Blomeetjes.)

a. Flowers.

Note. — The flowers when dried are black, and have an odour like
saffron ; and when moistened and rubbed between the fingers, yield a
yeUow stain. They are used in the convulsions of children, and as a
colouring agent. The flowers are sometimes mixed with those of other
species. This specimen was presented by Mr. J. M. Leslie, Port Eliza-
beth, South Africa. See Pappe's Flora Med. Cap., p. 31 ; P. J. [2], vol.
vi., p. 462.

106

POLYGONACEJE.

427. CoccoLOBA uviPERA, L. {Seaside Grape.)

a. Bark. ^ ^

b. Extract. (Jamaica Kino.) Two specimens.

"^"^^ evaporating a decoction of the leaves,
^riX p 353'* """^^ ""^

428. Polygonum Bistorta, L. (Bistort.)

a. Root. See Bentley and Trimcn, Med. Plants, tab. 212.
Note.—T^he root is twice twisted upon itself, whence its name. It con-
tains tannm and starch, and was formerly used for making an astringent
gargle and injection. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 503.

429. Rheum compactum, L.

a. Root. (French BJiubarb, round.)

h. Root. (Ditto, flat.)
Note.—These specimens were presented by Prof. Guibourt to Dr.
I'ereira, and by him to the Pharmaceutical Society. French rhubarb
may be known by its irregular shape, and by the transverse fracture
shoTving two radiate zones. For fig., see P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 1010;
Hist, des Drag., t. ii., p. 430, figs. 481, 483. The fiat pieces are pro-
pt i p'''?93°^*^ ^^^"^"^ rhaponticum, L. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,

430. Rheum Emodi, Wall.

a. Root. (Large Himalayan BJmlarh.)
Note.— This rhubarb was imported into London in 1840. It differs
entirely in appearance and structure fi-om commercial rhubarb. For
description, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 491; P. J., [1], vol. iv.,
p. 449. This specimen formerly belonged to Dr. Pereira's coUection, and
was presented to him by Dr. WaUich.

431. Rheum officinale, Baill.

a. Rootstock. (Russian BJmlarh, TurJcey BJmbarb, Bussia
Brown Bhuharb.)
Note.—This kind of rhubarb has not been exported from Russia since
1860. Specimen a is the one from which Pereira's description was
taken. The Eussian label, a copy of which is given in his work, is pre-
served with the specimen. This specimen was collected in 1840. See
Per. Mat. Bled. , vol. ii., pt. i., p. 487. A specimen of the plant in flower
is in the Herbarium of this Society. See P. J. [3], vol. vi., p. 861.

h. Rootstock. (Bussian Blmbarb.)
Note. — This specimen was brought from Eussia by Mr. T. Greenish,
in 1874. Eussian rhubarb is distinguished by the large size of the holes
made in it, which are large enough to admit the end of the little finger,
by its surface having been sliced off, and by its structure resembling that
of East Indian Ehubarb. See Bentl. <& Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 213, 215.

c. Rootstock. (Fast Indian Bhubarh, Ghinese Bhuharb.)

d. Ditto, rounds. Very fine specimens.
6. Ditto, flats. Ditto.

Note. — This rhubarb is probably derived from the same species as the

107

432. Rheum officinale, continued. -u- i, -f

Eussian rhubarb, but receives its name from the country from which it
is imported. For description of the plant yielding it, see P. J- [3] ,
Tol. iii., p. 301 ; vol. iv., p. 690. Some of the East Indian rhubarb of
commerce is also derived from Eheum palmatum, var. Tanguticum, Max.
See P. J. [3], vol. v., p. IQi.—BegeVs Garten Flora, Jan., 1875. For
collection of the root, see P. J. [1] , vol. ii., p. 658 ; [2] , vol. vii., p. 375 ;
PharmacograpMa, p. 442. East Indian rhubarb is distinguished by the
small size, dark colour, and irregular shape of the holes with which it is
pierced, these holes being often filled with stout string, by the outer
surface being frequently marked with whitish reticulations which are
more evident when the powder has been rubbed off, and by the transverse
sm-face showing a number of starlike marks, but no distinct cortical
layer. For an excellent figure of these marks, see Goehel und Kunze,
Waar., pt. ii., taf. i., fig. 2b, 3b; Hist, des Drog., vol. ii., p. 430, figs.
482, 486. For a microscopical structui-e of the root, see Berg, Anat.
Atlas, taf. xii. ; P. J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 841. Enghsh rhubarb in powder is
sometimes sold for the East Indian ; this substitution may be detected by
rubbing it with an essential oil and magnesia, when the powder becomes
pink. It is from this cause that Gregory's powder sometimes becomes
of a pink colour soon after being made. See P. J. [2], vol. ii., p. 28.
Turmeric may be detected by moistening the powder, and then adding
boracic acid, which turns it red brown if turmeric be present. See P. J .
[3], vol. iv., p. 354. For active principles, see P. J. [1], vol. xvii., p.
572; vol. x.,p. 39. For fluid extract, see P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 898.
For red colouring matter, P. J. [1] , vol. iv., p. 446.

/. Rootstock. (Batavian or Dutch Trimmed Rhuharh,
Dr. P., 206.)

Note. — This rhubarb differs only from the East Indian in having an
angular appearance, owing to the surface having been sliced off. It is
not now met with in English commerce as a distinct variety, but used to
be imported from Canton and Singapore. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. i., p. 491.

g. Rootstock. (East Indian JEthuharh.^ Presented by Mr.

Paternoster.

Note. — This specimen is peculiar by reason of th& medituUium being
separated from the cortical portion.

li. Root. {Canton Stick Blmharh.)
Note. — This is probably obtained from the root branches of . the
Chinese rhubarb plant. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 491 ; P. J.
[1] , vol. iv., p. 446.

432. Rheum Rhaponticum, L.

a. Root. (English Bhuharh, "fine or Turkey trimmed.")

h. Ditto. Ditto, " East Indian trimmed."

c. Ditto. Ditto, "Dutch trimmed."

d. Ditto. Ditto, " small trimmed."

e. Ditto. Ditto, " cuttings."

iVofe.— EngUsh rhubarb is trimmed to imitate the Eussian and East
Indian rhubarbs, but may be detected by the absence of whitish reticula-

108

432. Rheum rhaponticuji, continued.

tions on the surface, by the presence" of straight lines here and there i„
SoZ '"^Xf ''''''' by the transversely cut sur a

he co^Lnr^' r T "^^^^-^ circumference. Tnl ly

the cortical portion forming a well marked line, also by the ho es bein^

rouseTil me"?"' *° ^"^^-^ w^t"

East TnS ; ? ^"^^ recognised by the te«t given under

Waar pt. u., taf. 3, fig. 1 b ; 5.r<7, ^naf. Atlas, taf. xi., B. For cultiva-
tion, etc., see P. J. [1] , vol. vi., p. 76 ; [2], vol. ix., p. 81.

/. Root. (Siherian Rhubarb.) Presented by Messrs. Hearon
McCulloch & Squire.

g. Root. (Siberian Rhubarb. Presented by Mr Faber )
^ofe.-Specimen^, was grown in Siberia, from seeds obtained in the

country where the Eussian rhubarb grows. It was imported into this
country m January, 1844. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i p 490
It IS probably the produce of micum rhaponticum. P. J fll ' vol iv
pp. 448, 500. ^ ^ ' '

h. Root. (Austrian Rhubarb.)

Note.— This appears to be identical in structure with English
•rhubarb. For fig. of plant, see Bentlexj and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 214.

433. Rheum undulatum, L.

a. Root. (Bucharian RMobarb.)
Note.— This rhubarb is an inferior kind, which does not appear at the
present time in EngHsh commerce. It is described by Guibourt under
the name of Ehubarb de Perse, as it was imported through Persia and
Turkey. For description, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 489 ;
P.J. [2], vol. ix., p. 249; [1], vol. iv., p. 446. This specimen was
presented by Mr. Faber, by whom it was received in 1840, from St.
Petersburg.

434. Rheum Webbianum, Royle.

a. Root. (Small Hionalayan Rhubarb.)
Note.— This specimen was presented to Pereira by Dr. Eoyle. It con-
sists of cylindrical brown pieces, somewhat curved or twisted. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii. pt. i., p. 492.

435. RuMEX ACETOSA, L. (Sorrel, Green Sauce.)

a. Root.

Note. — The leaves have been used as a potherb or salad. They con-
tain acid oxalate of potassium, tartaric acid, and tannic acid. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 502. This must not be confounded with
Woodsorrel, which is Oxalis acetosella, L.

436. RuMEX Hydrolapathum, JBLuds. (Great Water Dock.)

a. Root, preserved wet.
Note. — The root is astringent and antiscorbutic. See Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 503.

CHENOPODIACEiE.
437. Chenopodium anthelminticum, L.

a. Fruits. (Wormseed, Jerusalem Oak.)

109

43 7. Chenopodium anthelminticum, continued.
h. Essential oil.
Note. — Wormseed is used as a vermifuge, chiefly for ascarides n
children. Of the oil, four to eight drops are given in i sugar or in an
emulsion, and followed by a purgative. This species and C. Botrys,
to which latter the name of Jerusalem oak is more commonly applied,
are said to possess also expectorant properties. For fig. of plant, see
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 216.

PHYTOLACCACE^.

438. Phytolacca decandra, L. (Garget or PoJce, Pigeon Berry,

ScoJce, Goalcum.)

a. Root. (Pohe Boot.)

h. Raceme of fruits. (PoTce Berries.)
Note. — The root and fruit are oflBcial in the secondary list of the
U. S. Pharmacopoeia. The plant possesses emetic, cathartic, and
narcotic properties ; it acts slowly, but the action continues for some
time. The root when being powdered sometimes causes headache, and
all the symptoms of coryza. Amer. Dispens., p. 634 ; Am. Joum. Pharm.,
May 1875, p. 196.

PIPERACE^.

439. ArTANTHB e'lONGATA, Miq. ; PlPEE ANGDSTIFOLIUM, B. et B.

a. Leaves. (Matico.)

440. Aetanthe adunca, Miq. ; Piper aduncum, L.

a. Leaves. (Spurious Matico.)
Note.— The term matico is applied to several plants in different parts
of South America. A. adunca is distinguished by the leaves not being
strongly reticulated, and nearly glabrous beneath. See P. J. [2], vol. v.,
p. 290 ; Pharmacographia, p. 532 ; and note under Eupatorium gluti-
nosum. No. 331. See also P.J. [1], vol. iii., p. 472; and for fig. of
A. elongata, p. 525 ; and Beiitleij and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 242.

441. Chavica Roxburghii, Miq. ; Piper officinarum, G. de C. ; Piper

LONGTJM, L.

a. Dried unripe fruit. (Long Pepper.)
Note.— Long pepper comes principally from Java, where it is produced
by Piper officinarum, C. de G. (Chavica officinarum, Miq.) In India
Ceylon, and the Philippine islands. Long Pepper is derived from C. Eox-
bm-ghii. ^eePharmacograpliia,^. 524. Bentl. d- Trim., Med. Pl.,ish 245

442. Cubeba Clusii, 0. de G. (African Guhehs, Qicinea Guhehs, West

African Blach Pepper, Benin Pepper.)

a. Dried unripe fruit.

&. Essential oil.
Note.— Thi^ kind of Cubebs has occasionally been imported into
London, the last time being in February, 1858. It is distinguished bv
Its taste, which is very pungent, and resembles pepper more than cubebs
It also does not crack readily between the teeth, as cubebs does It is
smaller m size than cubebs, and the external surface is not wrinkled
The essential oil was prepared by Mr. Darby, of Leadenhall Street for
Messrs. Desnaux & Co. See P. J. [ij, vol. xiv., pp. 198, 363 and
for fig. of frmt, p. 201. See also Per. Mat. Med., vol li , pt i p 303

110

442. CuBKBA Clusii, continued.

The fruit8 of Toddalia lauceolata have also been imported from the Cape
of Good Hope under the name of African cubebs. See P. J. [2] . vol vi
p. 463. ■ "

443. CUBEBA OFFICINALIS, Miq. ; PiPEE CUBEBA, L.

a. Raceme of fruifc.

h. Immature fruit.

c. Cubebs with a jjeculiar odour.

cl. Essential oil.
Note.— Fov analysis of the fruit, see P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 270. The
cubebs with a peculiar odour is probably produced by Piper crassipes.
Korth. See Pharmacographia, p. 530. It has a bitter taste, and an odour
like olibanum. The diuretic properties are said to exist in the resin rather
than in the volatile oil. See P. J. [2] , vol. ix., p. 539 ; for extract, see
P. J. [1] , vol. vi., p. 319 ; for Cubebin, P. J. [1] , vol. xiv., p. 37 ; see
also Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 395 ; B. (& T., Med. Plants, tab. 243.

444. Macropiper methtsticum, Miq.

a. Root. (Cava Boot, Ava Hoot, Kawa Kawa.)
Note. — The root is used as an intoxicating agent in the Sandwich and
Fiji islands, the root being first chewed and then mixed with water.
See P. J. [1], vol. iii., p. 474; and for fig. of plant, p. 473; see also
Treas. Bot., p. 708 ; P. J. [1] , vol. ix., p. 219 ; [2] , vol. iv., p. 85 ; [3] ,
vol. vii., p. 149.

445. Piper nigrum, L.

a. "Woody stem.

h. Dried unripe fruit. (Blade Pepper.)

6. Dried ripe fruit. (WJiite Pepper.)
Note. — The white pepper is less pungent than the black, which is said to
be owing to the fruit being allowed to ripen before being gathered. It
consists of the fruit deprived of the fleshy portion of the pericarp, see
Pharmacographia, p. 523. Malabar black pepper is considered the best
kind, and the Tellicherry and Penang the finest varieties of the white
pepper. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 385; P. J. [2], vol. vii.,
p. 288; and for adulterations, P.J. [2], vol. i., p. 605; and for figs.,
P. J. [2] , vol. ii., pp. 7, 8, 9 ; Bentleyand Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 245.

THYMELACB^.

446. Daphne Laureola, L.

a. Root, preserved M^et. See Bent. <& Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 226.

447. Daphne Mezbrbum, L.

a. Root, preserved wet.
h. Ditto, dried.

c. Bark of the root.

d. Original bundle of root bark.

jYofe. The stem bark of D. lam-eola is similar to that of D. mezereum.

but has not the prominent leaf scars of the latter. D. Laureola has
evergreen leaves, and green flowers. D. Mezereum, purplish red
flowers, which appear before the leaves. See P. J. [1] , vol. i., p. 395 ;
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 477. B. (& Tr., Med. Plants, tab. 225.

Ill

AQUILARIACE^.

448. Aqdilaeia Agallocha, Roxb.

a. Wood. (Lign Aloes Wood.)

j^ote. — This wood is supposed to be the aloes of Scripture. It has an
odour faintly resembling that of patchouli. See Pharmacographia,
p. 616; Bentley^s Man., p. 609. It has been used in gout and rheumatism.
Lindley, Flor. Med., p. 327.

449. Pen^a Sarcocolla, L.

a. Gum. (Gum Sarcocol.)

Note. — This substance was formerly used for healing wounds, hence
its name. The taste is sweet, with a decided bitterness. It is said to
have been brought from Arabia. See Pomefs History of Drugs, 3rd ed.,
p. 198; Treas. Bot., p. 1020 ; Hist. desDrog., vol. ii., p. 687. Sarcocolline
is a substance siii generis, intermediate between sugar and gum.

LAURACE^.

450. AcRODiCLiDiuM Oamara, B. Scliomb.

a. Seed. (Ackaiva, Gamara Nutmeg, Buch Nutmeg.')

Note. — This seed comes from British Guiana, and is used by the
Indians as a substitute for nutmegs. See Bentley's Man., p. 611. The
seed is turnip shaped, and consists of two cotyledons, each of which is
as large as two nutmegs ; the taste is between that of nutmeg and citron
peel.

451. Camphora officinarum, G. Bank; Cinnamomum camphora,

Fr. Nees et JEherm.

a. Stearoptene. (Grude Gamphoi:)

h. Ditto. (Refined GampJwr.)
t c. Ditto. (Do. a "bell" of camphor.)
t d. Ditto. Ditto. Presented by Messrs. Atkinson & Co
May, 1875.

e. Camphor oil, from Formosa.

/. Ditto, with feathery crystals of camphor in it.

• 2^ote.— Specimen e came from Formosa, per ship Nestor, and was
presented by Messrs. Hodgkinson & Co. The camphor oil di-ains out
of the vats or tubs in which the crude camphor is packed before exporta-
tion. It is used by the Chinese for rheumatism. See Pharmacographia
pp. 461, 466. Oil of Camphor of Borneo is derived from Dryobalanops
aromatica, Gaertn., and is found in reservoirs in the trunk of the tree
See I. c, p. 465. The Formosa oil is distinguished by its peculiar
odour, which resembles that of nutmeg or sassafras. For fig. of plant
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 222.

112

452. CiNNAMOMUM AKOMATicuM, iVee«; CrNNAMOMUM Cassia, JSittmc.
t a. Socfcion of trunk, polislied.

J^ofe.— Attached to this specimen is a momorandum by Dr. Pereira to
the effect that he beUeved it to be derived from Litsaja zeylanica, and
not from the cassia-tree. Its bark has not the taste of cassia.

h. Bark. {Chinese Cassia, an original bundle.)

Note. — For an account of the cassia-trees of China, see Porter Smith,
Chinese Mat. Med., p. 52.

c. Bark. (Manilla Cassia.)

Note. — This is the bark described by Pereira in his Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. i., p. 446. It differs from ordinary cinnamon, in having the epidermis
imperfectly removed. It is possibly the produce of C. Burmanni, Bl.
See Pharmacographia, p. 475.

d. Bark. (Singapore canella.)

e. Ditto. ( Cassia from Calcutta.)

Note. — Specimen e is in long smooth thick quills, and has a taste
reminding one of the smell of brown Windsor soap. It is labelled in
Hanbury's writing, "Bark from Calcutta, sold in London as Cassia vera."
It is probably obtained from another species, perhaps C. Tamala.

Specimen d does not differ from ordinary cassia, except in having a
pale greyish fracture.

/. Oil of cassia.

Note. — Oil of cassia is sometimes adulterated with oil of cloves. This
may be detected by the action of nitric acid, which causes oil of cassia to
crystallize, if pure ; but only to swell up, and form a thick brown oil if
oil of cloves be present. See P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 602; for artificial
oil of cassia, P. J. [1] , vol. xv., p. 180.

g. Flower-buds, cassia buds.

Note. — Cassia buds are supposed to be the flower-buds of the tree
which yields Chinese cassia bark. Pharmacographia, p. 479. See also
Porter Smith, Chinese Mat. Med., p. 53. Cassia buds are used in con-
fectionery and in Pot Pourri. See Bentl. <& Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 223.

453. CraNAMOMUM Cdlilawan, Bl.

t a. Section of stem.

h. Bark, in flat pieces. (Culilawan BarJc, Indian Clove

Baric.)

]<[ote. — This bark has exactly the taste of allspice. It occurs in thick,
flat pieces. This bark must not be confounded with BrazUian clove
bark, which occurs in tubular quUls, packed one inside the other, and
has a taste like cloves. Lindl. Flor. Med., p. 331; Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 437. For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, taf. xxvii., fig. i-v.

454. CiNKAMOMUM INBES, Beinw.

a. Fruit.

2^otc. These fruits are used in Southern India instead of cassia buds.

Their taste is not so agreeable. Pharm. hid., pp. 195, 460.

113

455. CiNNAMOMUM Zeylanicum, Breyne.

a. Section of the trunk, poKshed.

h. Portion of a young branch.

fl. Inner bark. (Ceylon Cinnamon.')

d. Ditto, an original bundle.

e. Ditto. (Tellicherry Cinnamon.')

Note. — TeUicherry cinnamon is similar in appearance to the Ceylon
variety, but the imier surface is more fibrous, and the flavour inferior.

/. Ditto. (Malabar or Madras Cinnavion.)

Note. — This variety is coarser and thicker than the Ceylon variety,
and is inferior to the latter in flavour.

g. Cayenne Cinnamon.

Note. — The oil of this kind is more pungent and acrid than that of
Ceylon cirmamon. See Per. Mat. Bled., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 440; Joum. de
Pharm., vol. iii., p. 434.

h. Cinnamon chips, from Dalton & Young, July 6th, 1871.

i. Thick cinnamon, from W. E. Fry, Ceylon, May 22nd,

1874

Note. — Specimens h and i were presented by Mr. D. Hanbiny, Nov..
1874. Cinnamon chips are the trimmings from the shoots, and are very
aromatic. Thick cinnamon occurs in pieces which, in shape and appear-
ance, resemble Carthagena bark. It is deficient in aroma, and unfit for
pharmaceutical use. See Pharmacographia, p. 472; P. J. [2], vol. iv.,
p. 319.

j. Essential oil. (Oil of Cinnamon.)

h. Ditto. (Oil of Cinnavion leaf.)

Note. — Oil of cinnamon leaf differs in its darker colour, greater viscidity,
and clove-like odour. For detection of adulterations in cinnamon pow-
der, see Pharmacographia, p. 474 ; and for tincture, see P. J. [3] , vol. ii.,
pp. 467, 641. For artificial oU of cinnamon, P. J. [1] , vol. xiv., p. 281.
The " small cinnamon " of commerce consists of the portions broken
during the unpacking of the drug in the dock warehouses, and is often
of excellent quaUty. For oil of Cinnamon leaf, see P. J. [1] , vol. xiv. ,
p. 319. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 224.

I. Brazilian cinnamon, grown near Rio Janeiro.

Note. — This bark has a rough surface, and an inferior somewhat soapy
flavour. See Pharmacographia, p. 472,

456. DiCTPBLLIUM CARTOPHYLLATUM, Nees.

a. Bark, (Glove Cassia Bark, Brazilian Clove Bark, Pao
Cra/vo, Imyra-Qidyulia.)

JfoJe.— This bark occurs in tubular quills, packed one in the other. It
has a powerful, clove-like taste. For fig. of the bark, see Goebel und
Kunze, Waar., taf. iii., fig. 13. In appearance it resembles cassia ; but is
darker, and often marked with indistinct transverse hues. It is very
hard. P, J. [1] , vol, iv., p. 466 ; Martins, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras., p, 111.

I

]14

457. Ladbus Benzoin, L. (Sjpicewood, Wild Alhj^ice, Feverwood,.

Benjmnin Bush.)
a. Bark.

Note.— The bark is used in N. America as an aromatic tonic and stimu-
lant ; but is not official in tbe U.S. Pharmacopoeia. It is given in decoc-
tion or infusion in ague, typhoid fever, and is also used as an anthel-
mintic. See Amer. Dispens., p. 158. The berries are said to have been
used during the American war ipstead of allspice. Lindl. Flor. Med.
p. 339.

458. Ladeus nobilis, L. (Sweet Bay, True Bay, or NoUe Laurel.)

a. Fruit. (Bay Berries.)

h. Concrete oil. (Oil of Bays.)

Note.— The leaves possess tonic and febrifuge properties. See P. J.
[3] , vol. iii., p. 488. The fruit somewhat resembles Cocculus indicus in
appearance, but is perfectly oval, and contains two loose cotyledons.
The bayberry powder, which appears in the eclectic recipes for " com-
position powder," is not the powder of these berries, but of the root-bark
of Myrica cerifera, which is known in N. America under the name of
bayberry. See Amer. Dispens., p. 535. The common or cherry laurel
of the gardens is Prunus Lauro-Cerasus. The leaves may be distin-
guished from those of the true laurel by the difference in odour when
bruised, and by the gaxden laurel having serrate leaves, while those of
the bay laurel are entire and undulate. The leaves in which Solazzi
juice is packed are those of bay laurel. For a volatile oil of bay, see the
Hanbury collection. See Bentley aiid Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 221. •

459. Nectandra Eodij)i, Schomb. (Bihirio, or Green Heart Tree.)

a. Bark.

6. Fruit. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 219.
Note. — This bark resembles flat calisaya bark in appearance, but is
much harder and heavier. The bark of Alstonia constricta has been
offered in the London market for Bibiru bark, but differs entirely in
appearance, having a thick, rough, grey external layer. See Pharma-
cographia, p. 481. The seeds, which contain starch, after their bitter
principle has been washed out, are made into bread by the Indians.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 467. Bibixine has been found
useful in menorrhagia, see P. J. [2] , vol. ix., p. 27.

460. Nectandra Puchurt, Nees.

a. Cotyledons. (Sassafras Nuts, Pichurim, or Puchury
Beans.)

Note. — These cotyledons have been used as a tonic and astringent.
Their taste is between that of sassafras and nutmeg. They are occasion-
ally imported from Brazil. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 462.

461. Persea gratissima, Gaertn.f.

a. Fruit. (Avocado, or Alligator Pear.)

Note. — This fruit is eaten in the West Indies. The seeds yield an
indelible black stain, and are used for marking Unen. Treas. Bot.,
p. 867.

115

462. Sassafras officinale, Nees.

a. Section of trunk, polislied.
&. Shavings of the wood.

c. Bark.

d. Root.

e. Root bark.
/. Pith.

g. Essential oil.

Note. — In this country the root is of&oial ; but in America, the root
bark and the pith are official ; the bai'k is much more fragrant than the
woody portion. The pith is used in the proportion of two drachms to
pint of water to form a demulcent drink for catarrh and other affections
of the mucous membrane, and also as a local appUcation in ophthalmia.
The pith is obtained fi'om the young branches. See Amer. Dispens.,
p. 475. For examination of root, see P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 426. For micr.
structure, P. J. [3] , vol. iii., p. 181. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 220.

ATHEROSPERMACE^.

463. Atherosperma moschata, Forst. (Australian Sassafras.)

a. Bark.

b. Essential oil from the leaves.

Note. — The bark is used in Australia as a substitute for tea. It
possesses diaphoretic and diuretic properties. See P. J. [1], vol. sv.,,
p. 115. Bentley, Man. Bat., -p. 61d.

MYRISTICACE^.
4G4. Mtristica officinalis, £./.; M, fbagrans, Hoittt.

a. Fruit and leaves, preserved wet. Two specimens.

h. Seeds with arillus.

c. Arillus of seed. . (Mace.)

d. Nucleus of seed. (Penang Nutmegs.) Two specimens.

e. Ditto, limed. (Dutch or Batavian Nutmegs.)

f. Ditto. (British Possessions Limed Ntdmegs.)

g. Expressed oil from nutmegs. (Oil of Mace.)

h. Volatile oil from nutmegs. (Oil of Nutmegs.)

Note. — The fruit consists of a succulent dehiscent ovary containing
one seed, the seed being surrounded by an arillus, which is a growth
from the hilum. Nutmeg is the kernel of the seed with the endopleura
folded into it, giving the albumen a marbled appearance known as
ruminated. Limed nutmegs are preferred in some countries. The lime
is said to preserve the seeds from insects, but it injures the flavour. The
Chmese prefer to import their nutmegs in the testa or shell, in which they
keep good for a great length of time ; the shells occupy one-third of their
weight. Oil of mace is made from those nutmegs which are too smaU for
exportation. See P. J. [1], vol, xi., pp. 516-520; see also Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 470 ; Pharmacographia, p. 451. For volatile oil
see P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 311; [1], vol. x., p. 350. For myristicin'
P. J. [3], vol. v., p. 136. See Bentl. (& Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 218.

116

465. Myristica fatua, Eoutt.

a. Arillus. (Wild Mace.)

b. Seeds with arillus.

c. Seeds.

d. Nucleus of seed. (Wild Nutmegs, Long Nutmegs.)
Note. — Tho nucleus of the seed is occasionally met with in the grocers'

shops in London, under the name of long nutmegs. It differs from the
true nutmeg in being longer, but possesses tho flavour of nutmeg in a
great degree. For fig. and description, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
pp. 471, 473.

ULMACEiE.

466. Ulmus campestris, L.

a. Inner Bark. (Elm Bark.)
Note. — The bark has been used as a mucilaginous astringent, and as
an alterative in some cutaneous diseases. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. i., p. 364. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 282.

467. Ulmus fulva, Mich. (Bed Elm, Slippery Elm.)

a. Inner bark. (Slippery Elm Bark.)
Note. — The bark has a strong odour like fenugreek seed. It contains a
quantity of mucilage, and in fine powder is largely used in America to
form a kind of gruel, which is often made with milk ; in coarser or
granular powder it is used for making poultices. Externally its use has
sometimes caused u-ritation, particularly in ulcers, or where the skin is
broken. See Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 841; Pharmacographia,^. 501.
See also Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 233.

CANNABINACE^.

468. Cannabis sativa, var. Indica.

a. Tops. (Quaza, Indian Hempt, Gunjali.)
h. Ditto. (" D'amha or Dakh a," from Congo.) See P.J.
[1], vol. ix., p. 363.

c. Resinous exudation. (Bengal Churrus.) Presented by

Dr. Shaughnessy.

d. Ditto. (Hashish.)

J^oie.— Specimen d is in a coil like that of Labdanum. It was
received from Constantinople in May, 1863, and was presented by Mr. P.
Squire. For smoking, four grains are used each time. Specimen c is in
oblong pieces about the size of a walnut or date.

e. Hashish sweetmeat.

Note. — This specimen consists of a mixtiu-e of sugar, extract of hemp,
filberts, preserved ginger, and spices, and was presented by Mr. P. Squire,
to whom it was sent by Dr. Dicks. It was prepared at Constantinople in
1864.

" Gunjah " consists of the flowering tops from which the resin has not
been removed. "Bhang" consists of the larger leaves and capsules with-
out the stalks. The specimen of Hashish in the museum is identical
with the Bengal Churrus of Dr. Shaughnessy, differing only in shape.
SeePer. ilfat. ilfed.,vol.ii.,pt. i.,p. 367. P.J. [3], vol.iii., 622, Art. Kief.

The name " Hashish" appears to be applied in Arabic to that which
is called Bhang in Hindustanee. See Pharviacographia, p. 493 ; also
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 231.

117

469. HuMULUS LupULus, L.

a. Strobiles.
h. Fruits.

c. Lupuline, or lupulinic glands.
j^ote. — Lupuline consists of the glands whicli cover the fruit, etc. It
must not be confounded with lupulite, the bitter principle of the hop.
See Boyle, Mat. Med., p. 636; Pharmacographia, p. 495; Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 375; and for fig. of lupulinic glands, Berg, Anat.
Atlas, taf. 49. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 230.

HORACES.

470. DoRSTENiA Brasiliensis, L. (Eayapid, Carapid.)

a. Root. (Gordrayerva Boot.)
Note. — The root was formerly used in this country as a stimulant,
tonic, and diaphoretic, but it is now obsolete. The inflorescence is
remarkable as affording an instance of an open hypanthodium. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 381, fig. 165. For fig. of the root, see Goebe.l
und Kunze, pt. ii., taf, vii.

ARTOCARPACEiE.

471. Antiaris toxicaria, Lesch. (Upas Tree, or Antiar.)

a. Upas poison.
Note. — This specimen was sent by Mr. J. Christie, merchant in Java,
to Mr. J. Bowerbauk, about the year 1816. This poison is said to render
the heart insensible to tha stimulus of the blood. See Per. Mat, Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 383.

EUPHOReiACE^.

472; AiiEurites Ambinux, Pers. {Belgattm, or Indian Walnut,
Oandleberry Tree, Banhoul Nut.)
a. Seeds. Presented by Mr. J. Reeves.
Note. — The oil of the seed, known in Ceylon as Kekune oil, is said to
be as mild in its action as castor oil, and to have the advantage of being
more fluid, and without taste or smell. P. J. [2] , vol. ii., p. 42 ; Pharm.
Ind., p. 203. The oil is occasionally imported, and is known as artist's
oil or country walnut oil. Treas. Bot., p. 36.

473. Anda Brasiliensis, Baddi. (Aoida-agu, Indayaqu, Purga de

Gentio, Gocco de Purcja, Purga dos Paulistas, Fruita
d'Arara.)

a. Fruit.

b. Fixed oil.

Note. — The oil has been found to be moderately purgative in doses of
twenty drops. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 428. For fig. of
fruit, see Hist, des Drog,, vol. ii., p. 360.

474. Cneorum tricoccon, L. (Widoiv-wale.)

a. Leaves and twigs. Presented by Mr. McCuUoch.
Note.— Tids plant is stated by C. Bauhin to be the Mezereon of
Avicenna. The leaves much resemble those of the olive-tree. See
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 477.

118

475. Croton Eluteria, BennpJt.

a. Branclilets, showing the bark in situ.

b. Bark.

c. Spurious cascarilla bark. (Croton Lucidum, L. ?)

Note. — The barks of other species of croton have sometimes been found
mixed with Cascarilla bark in the bales as imported, see P. J. [1],
Yol. vii., p. 35.

Specimen c is distinguished from true Cascarilla by want of its aroma,
its astringenoy, and by the redder tint and striated appearance of the
inner surface. See P. J. [3] , vol. iv., p. 810. For Cascarilline, see
P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 223. For micr. structure, P. J. [3], vol. iii.,
p. 664 ; Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 37. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trhnen, Bled. Plants, tab. 238.

476. Croton Malambo, Krst.

a. Bark. (Malamho Baric, Matias Baric.)
Note. — This bark has an odour like that of Calamus aromaticus. It
is said to have been used in America as an adulterant of ground spice.
See P. J. [1] , vol. iii., p. 169. It is used in Columbia in infusion for
diarrhoea and as a vermifuge, and the tincture is used as an external
application for rheumatism. P.J. [2] , vol. i., p. 321 ; P.J. [1], vol.
vi., p. 255. Bentley' s Man. Bot., p. 625.

477. Croton niveus, Jacq. ; Croton pseudo-China, SchlecM.

a. Bark in quills. (Oopalclii hark, Cascarilla.)

Note. — This is the bark mentioned by Pereira under the name of
"Quilled Copalche" in his Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 415. It is
figured in Goebel und Kunze, Waar., taf. xxvi., fig. 1-6. The taste is
similar to that of Cascarilla, witjj a slight flavour of mace. It is readily
distinguished from other barks by the surface, when denuded of the
loose outer layer, presenting the appearance of having been rasped.
Under a lens this is seen to be owing to numerous minute oblong pits
which cover its surface. See P.J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 319; Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 507. It is remarkable for containing an alkaloid which gives
a green colour with chlorine and ammonia, but does not give any cha-
racteristic compound with iodine.

This specimen was presented by Mr. J. E. Howard. It was imported
from Puntas Arenas, in the gulf of Nicoya, in 1855. Since that date it
has been offered in the London market as Cusparia bark.

478. Croton suberosum, JBT. et B. ? Croton pseudo-China, Schiede.

a. Bark, in corky quills. ( Chiquiqui Baric.)
Note. — This bark is the " Corky Copalchi Bark " of Pereira, described
in his Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 416. Its taste is veiy bitter, and it is
almost free from aroma. It is distinguished from the last by its very
thick corky layer, and by the dark surface when the corky layer is re-
moved. ' This specimen was jpresented by Dr. Lindley, in AprU, 1851, as
an undoubtedly authentic specimen of chiquiqui bark. It was brought
from Guatemala by Mr. G.W. Skinner, and appears to be identical with
the bark described in P. J. [1], vol. ix., p. 463, by Dr. J. Stark, who
states that it is called " Natri" in Chili. This bark is not the copalchi
bark figured by Goebel, which is that of C. pseudo-China, Schlecht,
Croton niveus, Jacq. See note by Howard, P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 319.
It was also met with in the London market in 1875.

119

478. Croton subbrosum, continued.

h. Bark in corky quills. (Oorhj Oojpalchi Bark, CMquiqui

Bark, Natri Bark, Quina Blanca of Mexico.^

Note. — This specimen has no history attached to it, but is probably that
described by Stark in the P. J. [1] , vol. ix., p. 463, since the label ascribes
it to the species to which he refers it, and gives the synonyms mentioned
by him. It is identical in taste and appearance with specimen a, and
not with the bark of Croton pseudo-China, Schlecht, to which Stark
refers it.

479. Croton species.

a. Bark.

Note. — This specimen was presented by Mr. J. CoUins. It was im-
ported from San Juan in Mexico, and offered for sale in London in 1869.
It is not bitter, and has a taste resembhng that of Tm-kish oil of geranium
(oil of ginger grass). Its botanical source is unknown.

b. Bark said to contain quinine. Presented by Mr. J. E.

Howard.

480. Croton Tiglium, L..

a. Seed. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 239.
h. Fixed oil, obtained from tbe seeds in England. (Croton
Oil.)

c. Ditto, imported.

d. Croton cake, from which the oil has been expressed.

e. Husks of the seed.

Note. — The oil expressed in England is more esteemed than that im-
ported from India. Pharmacographia, p. 509. The English oil is darker
in colour than the Indian. Hypercatharsis produced by croton oil may
be controlled by copious draughts of diluted lemon or lime juice or
vinegar. Ind. Pharm., p. 201. East Indian oU forms a milky mixture
with its own weight of alcohol (0-796), which ultimately separates ; but
English oil dissolves, and forms a clear solution under the same circum-
stances. Pereira suggests that the East Indian oil may be adulterated
with jatropha oU, which is not soluble in twenty-four parts of alcohol.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 411.

481. CuRCAS PURGANS, L. {English Physic Nids.)

a. Seeds. {Physic Nuts, Polga Nids, Pinlwiro de Purga,
Pinhao Paraguay.) Presented by Mr. Morson.

I. Oil expressed from the seeds. {Oil of Wild Castor
Seeds, Jatropha Oil.)

Note. — These seeds are in size and shape like those of the castor oil
plant, but have a dull, black, cracked sitrface. Christison states that
twelve to fifteen drops of the oil are equal to one ounce of castor oU, but
the action of the drug is uncertain. The oil is only sparingly soluble
in alcohol. See Ind. Pharm. , p. 203. The leaves have been used as a
cataplasm to produce lactagogue effects. For fig. of seed see Hist, des Drog.,
vol.ii., p. 355. See also Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 427 ; P. J.
vol. v., p. 25 ; vol. vii., p. 210 ; [2] , vol. vii., p. 564.

120

482. CuRCAs MDLTiFiDus, Endl. ; Jateopha multifida, L. {Coral

Plant.)

a. Seeds. {French Physic Nuts, Purguira Nuts, Spanish

Physic Nuts.)
h. Fruit and oil.
2^o«e.— These seeds are nearly as powerfully purgative as croton oil
seeds, three of them having been known to produce symptoms of poison-
ing. See Ind. Pharm., p. 203 ; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 427.

483. Euphorbia corollata, L. {La/rge Flowering Spurge, Blooming

Spurge, Milk Weed.)
a. Root.

Note. — The root bark is emetic in doses of fifteen to twenty grains, and
acts without 'Causing much nausea, but is uncertain in its action. It is
official in the secondary hst of the U. S. Pharmacopma. See Amer.
Dispens., p. 353. When given with vinegar, it acts as a purgative.

484. Euphorbia Ipecacuanha, L. {Wild Ipecac, Ipecac Spurge.)

a. Root. {American Ipecacuanha.)
Note. — The root bark possesses emetic, expectorant, and cathartic pro-
perties. It is chiefly used as a hydragogue in'dropsical affections, in
doses of ten to fifteen grains. Amer. Dispens., p. 356. Its properties
are due to a resin. Avier. Journ. Pharm., 1873, p. 255.

485. Euphorbia Lathtris, L. {Gaper Spurge.)

a. Seeds. {Semina Gataputice minoris, Gra/iia Begia minora.)
Note. — This plant is sometimes cultivated in gardens,, and known as
the Caper plant. The latter, however, belongs to a very different family.
The name of the true caper plant is Capparis spinosa. See Treas. Bat.,
p. 217. The seeds contain an oil insoluble in alcohol, which is powerfully
purgative in doses of three to ten drops. Country labourers are said
to take the seed as a purge. Lindl. Fl. Med., p. 194; P. J. [2], vol.
vii., p. 554.

486. Euphorbia resinifeka, Berg.

a. Stem.

h. Gum resin.

c. Ditto, shovring the holes caused by the spines of the
plant.

Note. — This drug is chiefly used as a vesicant in veterinary medicine.
It causes considerable irritation of the nostrils and eyes when powdered.
Pharmacographia, p. 502 ; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 401 ; P. J.
[3] , vol. ii., p. 1049. It is said to be used as an ingi'edient in paint for
ships' bottoms. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 240.

487. HuRA CREPITANS, L. {Sandbox Tree, Monkey's Dinner Bell.)

a. Fruit.

Note.— The seeds possess purgative and emetic properties, the emetic
property being said to reside in the embryo only. See P. J. [1], vol. ix.,
p. 131. The seeds lose their properties by age. The fruit affords an
instance of the regma, and it is from the noise caused by the bursting
of the fruit that the plant gets its curious name. Treas. Bot., p. 603;
Bentlcy's Man, Bot., p. 298.

121

488. Manihot utillissima, Pohl.

a. Root sliced.

I. Cassava meal, coarse. From Dr. Shier.

c. „ flour, fine. Ditto.

* c. Cassava bread. {Tapioca Meal, MoussacJie, or Gipi'pa.)

d. Cassava Starch, from British Guiana.

e. Ditto. {Brazilian Arrowroot.)

f. Cassareep.

g. Matapi, or cassava squeezer. From Dr. Shier.

h. Etami, or cassava sifter.

i. Tapioca. Two specimens.

]^ote. — The root is grated and pressed in a matapi, or cylindrical bag,
made of the Ita palm (Maiu'itia flexuosa, L.) ; and after being pressed and
dried, is sifted through an etami, or sifter, made of the same material,
and then forms cassava meal. For figures, of the matapi and etami, see
P.J. [l],vol. xi., p. 248. Cassava bread occurs in thin round cakes,
and is made from the meal in a moist state by gently heating it, and then
drying it in the sun. Cassareep, which is now an article of commerce in
London, is the concentrated juice of the bitter cassava, which loses its
poisonous properties by heat. P. J. [2], vi., p. 302. It is said, but
wrongly, to preserve meat boiled in it longer than any other substance
which can be used. Cassareep, mixed with peppers and meat, forms
the West Indian "pepper-pot." See P. J. [1] , vol. vii., p. 197 ; [2],
vol. ii., p. 13. For fig. of the starch see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 50. Tapi-
oca is made by heating and stirring the starch in a moist state until it
agglomerates. P. J. [3] , vol. iii., p. 569 ; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
p. 432. Eio tapioca is whiter than that from Bahia. For fig. of plant,
see Bentley and Trimen, Med, Plants, tab. 235.

489. RiCINUS COMMUNIS, L.

a. Fruit, preserved wet.

1). Seeds. (Castor Oil Seeds, Semina Gataputiee majoris.)

c. Ditto, differently marked.

d. Ditto. {Afncan Castor Oil Seeds.) •

Note. — The African seeds were brought from W. Africa by Dr. Daniell.
A small variety of the seed is cultivated in India also, where the large
variety is expressed' for lamp oil, and the small variety, for medicinal, oU,
P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 676. The American variety, with reddish seeds, is
said to yield more oil than the Egyptian black seed, but the oil obtained
from the Egyptian seed is paler in colour. For Italian castor oil see
P.J. [2], vol. vii., p. 229; [2], vol. viii., p. 250. For cultivation in
Algeria, P. J. [2], vol. i., p. 530. For Indian castor oil, P. J. [8],
vol. iv., p. 676. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 237.

490. RoTTLERA TiNCTOKiA, Boxb. ; Mallotus Philippensis, Mull. Arg.

a. Fruit. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 236.
h. Glands covering the fruit. (Kamala, Kapila, Kapila-
podi, Wars, Wttrrus, Wassunta gunda.)

c. Ditto "Wurrus," first quality,

d. Ditto, ditto, second quality.

J^'ote.— Wurrus is used in India very extensively as a rich orange brown

122

490. RoTTLERA TiNCTORU, Continued,

dyo for sOk. It is a less pure form of the drug than kamala. Kamala is
used as a vermifuge, and sometimes in cutaneous diseases. See P. J. [1] ,
vol. xii., pp. 386, 589 ; [1] , vol. xiii., p. 284. For fig. of the glands, see
P. J. [2] , vol. ix., p. 279, fig. h. k. Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 49, f. 135.
For Eottleriue, see P. J. [2] , vol. ix. , p. 310 ; [2] , vol. ii., p. 166 ; [3] ,
vol. iii., p. 228 ; Pharmacographia, p. 518.

491. Stillingia sebifera, Mich. (Tallow Tree, Wu-¥iu muh, Yah-

a. Solid fat.

Note. — This fat consists of tripalmitin. It forms a coating on the
outside of the seed. It is used extensively in China for making candles,
and to a small extent as an emetic purgative, and antidote to poisons.
It has also been recommended for use as an ingredient in ointments and
suppositories. Porter Smith, Chinese Mat. Med., p. 211 ; P. J. [1], vol.
xii. , p. 73.

492. Stillingia sylvatica, L.

a. Root. (Queen's Delight, Queen's Boot, Yaw Boot, Silver
Leaf.)

Note. — The root is official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. It is used as a
powerful alterative in cutaneous, scrofulous, and syphilitic diseases. It
is said to exert a powerful influence over the secretory organs. Amer.
Dispens., p. 810. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 241.

ARISTOLOCHIACB^.

493. Aristolochia longa, L.

a. Root.

494. Aristolochia rotunda, L.

Note. — The roots of these two species were formerly used in this
country as stimulant tonics and emmenagogues, to which latter property
the genus owes its name. See Pomet, Hist, of Drugs, pp. 44, 45 ; and for
fig. of the roots see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. ix., f. 1, 2. The plants
are natives of the south of Europe. For A. cava, see Collection of Old
Enghsh Drugs.

495. Aristolochia reticulata, Nutt.

a. Root. (Bed Biver or Texan Serpentary Boot.)

Note. — This species is official together with the next in the U. S. Phai--
macopcfiia. It differs from the root of A. Serpentaria only in the rootlets
being thicker and less densely matted. All the serpentary root produced
south-west of the Eocky Mountains is stated to be the produce of this
species. See Pharmacographia, p. 534. This species contains more
volatile oil than the other. See Amer., Dispens., p. 132.

496. Aristolochla Serpentaria, L.

a. Root. (Virginian Snaheroot.)
Note. — This root somewhat resembles in appearance valerian and
Indian pink roots, but may be distinguished from both by its odour and
the brittleness of its rootlets. See Pharmacographia, p. 533. For fig. of
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Bled. Plants, tab. 246.

123

497. Aristolochu species.

a. Root. {Quaco.)

jjote. Guaco is a name given in Central and South America to the

roots of various plants used for snakebites. Specimen a is certainly the
root of a species of Aristolochia, probably of A. Guaco. See P. J. [1] , vol.
xiii., p. 412. See also Mikania Guaco. It closely resembles in appearance
a root in the collection of Brazilian drugs received under the name of
Sipo de Milhomens, and which is referred by Martin to Aristolochia cym-
bifera and other species. See Martins. Mat. Med. Bras., p. 107.

498. AsAEUM Canadense, L.

a. Rliizome. (Wild Ginger, Indian Ginger, Canada Snake-
root, Coltsfoot.)

Note.—Ihe rhizome is used as a stimulant, expectorant, and carmina-
tive. It is official in the secondary list of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia.
Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 143. English Coltsfoot is Tussilago Far-
fara, L.

SANTALACE^.

499. Santalum album, L.

a. Wood rasped. (Sandal Wood.)
h. Volatile oil.

Note. — The wood is derived from several species of Santalum, and from
different countries. See Pharmacographia, p. 540. The oil is used as a
remedy for gonorrhoea ; and the wood, ground with water into a paste, is
used in India as an application to erysipelas and local inflammations. See
Ind. Pharm., pp. 197, 461.

JUGLANDACEiE.

500. Carta alba, Nutt. (Shell Baric, Shag Baric, or Scahj Baric

Hichory.)

a. Fruit. (Hiclcory Nttts.)
Note. — These nuts resemble a walnut internally, but are smooth
externally. Peccan nuts, which are similar, but more pointed at the ends,
are superior in flavour, and are produced by Carya olivsaformis. See
Treas. Bot., p. 228.

601. JuGLANS ciNEREA, L. (Butter Nut, White Walnut, Oil-nut Tree.)

a. Inner bark.

b. Bndocarp of fruit. (Butter Nuts.)

Note. — The inner bark is used as a gentle cathartic, which acts without
causing griping or subsequent weakness of the intestines. It is often
combined in the form of extract with anthelmiatics, for children, and is
also used in chronic constipation. Juglans regia, L., the common wal-
nut, has been found useful in scrofula. See Amer. Dispens., p. 462. See
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 247.

CUPULIEER.^.

502. QUERCUS ^GILOPS, L.
a. Acorn cups.

Note. — The cupules are used in commerce for tanniag, under the name
of " valonia."

124

503. QuERCus PEDDNCULiTA, Willd. ; QuEKCus RoBUE, L. (The Com.

mon Oak.)

a. Leaves and fruit. See Bentl. d Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 248.

b. Bark. Por fig., see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. xxix., fig. 1-4.
Note.~Oak bark is somewhat simUar in appearance to large specimens

of the bark of Bhamnus Frangula; the latter, however, may be dis-
tinguished by its bright reddish colour when the surface is scraped
Quercus pedunculata may be easUy distmguished from Q. sessiliflora by
the sessile leaves, those of Q. sessiliflora being stalked.

504. QuEECus suBER, L. (Oorlc Oalc.)

a. Bark. Two specimens,
^ote.— Cork is the much developed epiphloeum of this tree. The
younger bark of the tree is known under the name of European alcornoque
bark, and is used in tanning. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 361.
For American alcornoque bark, see Byrsonima laurifolia.

505. Quercus tinctoria, Willd. (Qioercitron, or Black Oak.)

a. Inner bark. (Black OaJc Bark.)
Note. — The bark is known in commerce as quercitron bark, and is used
as a yellow dye. It is official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, and is used
externally as an astringent. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 360.
White oak bark (Q. alba) is the kind chiefly used in medicine. Both are
official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. See Amer. Dispens., p. 692, also
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 251.

MYRICACE^.

506. CoMPTONiA ASPLENiFOLiA, GcBrtn. (Sweet Fern.)

a. Herb.

Note. — This plant is used in America as an astringent and alterative
tonic. A pillow of the leaves is sometimes used for children suffering
from rickets. Amer. Dispens., p. 282. It is not official in the U. S. Phar-
macopoeia.

507. Mtrica cerifera, L. (Virginia Gandleherry, Wax Myrtle,

Waxherry, Bayherry.)
a. Root bark. (Bayherry Baric.)
h. Wax. (Bayherry Wax.)
t c. Section of trunk.

Note. — The powder of the root bark forms a principal ingredient in the
favourite powder of the medical botanists or Eclectics of America, viz.,
composition powder. It is used as a stimulant and astringent for the
mucous membrane when in an atonic state. Its powder is excessively
irritating to the nostrils, exciting coughing and sneezing, but only for a
short time. The wax is used in making ointments. See Am^r. Dispens. ,
p. 635.

508. Myeica macrocarpa, H. et B.

a. Candles.

Note. — These candles were presented by Dr. Lindley. They are made
. in Colombia of wax obtained from the fruit. Other species yield wax,
as C. cordifolia, L., at the Cape of Good Hope, and C. Carolinensis in
Carolina. See P. J. [Ij, vol. xiii., p. 418 ; [1] , vol. s., p. 450.

125

509. Alnus rubra, Besf. (Tag Alder, Smooth Alder, Common Alder.)
a. Bark.

Note. — The bark is used in America as an alterative emetic in scrofula
and cutaneous diseases. It is not official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia.
See Amer. Dispens., p. 82.

610. Betula LENTA, L. {Ghemj Birch, Sweet Birch, Mahogany Birch.)

a. Bark.

Note. — The bark is peculiar for having exactly the same taste and con-
taining the same volatile oil as Gaultheria procumbens. In external
appearance it much resembles the bark of Prunus virginiana, but can at
once be distinguished by its taste. It is used in America as a tonic and
astringent after dysentery, and in the diarrhoBa of children, also for
gravel. Amer. Dispens., p. 160. Amer. Journ. Pharm., 1844, p. 243.

611. Betula alba, L. {Common Birch.)

a. Section of trunk.

h. EmpyreTimatic oil. Brought from Eussia by Mr. Greenish.
Note. — Specimen 6 was prepared from the bark ; it is used in the
manufacture of russia leather. Wine made from the sap in spring is
sometimes used in domestic medicine for gravel or stone. Bentley,
Man. Bot., p. 636.

LIQUID AMBARACE^.

612. Liquidambar orientalis, Miller.

a. Bark. Presented by Mr. S. H. Maltass, of Smyrna.

I. Ditto. Presented by Mr. Hanbury, I^'ov., 1874.
Note.— The bark used to be known in commerce as Cortex Thymiamatis,
incense bark, or storax bark. It has also been called Cortex Thuris'
Thus Judfeorum, and Narcaphthum. It is now rarely met with. See
Pharmacographia, p, 245. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 107.
In Pharmacographia this plant is referred to the Hamamelide®.

c. Liquid storax.

d. Prepared storax, (Styraz Colatus.)

e. Globular earthenware bottle containing balsam storax.
Note.— Bose maUoes is the trade name for Uquid storax in the East

Pharmacographia, p. 242.

Specimen e is a peUucid Uquid, in appearance resembling Venice turpen
tme. It IS the Pellucid Liquid Storax of Pereira. Per. Mat Med vol
ii., pt. i., p. 678 |8.

/. Storax in mass. (Styrax Calamita.)

g. Ditto. {Storax en pain, Guib.) a.

h. Ditto. {Drop or Gum Storax.) ^.

i. Ditto. {Hard UacUsh Storax ; Styrax brun, Guib.) y
Note.-Stymx calamita is made in Trieste, by mixing three pai-ts of

storax bark m coarse powder with two of liquid storax. Specimen h
appears to contain rather more liquid storax than usual. Specimens a h
and i, are the three kinds described by Pereira in his 3Iat Med vol ii '
pt. 1., p. 679, under a, ^, y. Specimen i is supposed by him "to be a
kind of false storax. In odour it resembles benzom much more than
storax. Styrax calamita is frequently covered with silky acicular crystals

126

512. LiQuiDAMDAK ORiENTALis, Continued.

j. Storax in mass. (Drum Storax.)
Note.— This specimen is alluded to by Pereira under the head of red-
dish brown storax. Prof. Guibourt considered it to be " falsified brown
storax." It is covered with minute white crystals which are flat, unlike
the acicular crystals of styracin, usually found on styrax calamita.

513. LiQUIUAMBAR STYRACIFLUA, L.

a. Balsam. (Liquidambar, Sweet Gvm, Gopalm Balsam.)

b. Cylindrical earthenware jar containing balsam of

liquidambar, from Guatemala. Presented by Mr. D.
Hanbury.

Note. — Liquidambar is produced in the Southern States of America.
Its odour is more terebinthinous than that of liquid storax, which it
otherwise much resembles. It has been used in the form of ointment
for healing indolent ulcers and for cutaneous diseases. See Amer.
Dispens., p. 489. Liquidambar Altingia, Bl., yields a similar product in
Tenasserim. P. J. [1] , vol. viii., p. 243. A syrup of liquidambar is
used in America for the diarrhoea of infants. It is made by the same
formula as that given in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia for syrup of Prunus
Virginiana. See P. J. [1] , vol. xvi., p. 336.

c. Liquidambar mou, ou blanc. Presented by Prof.

Guibourt.

Note. — This is the specimen mentioned by Pereira in his Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i.,p. 336, as being distinct from commercial liquidambar. It
resembles Chian turpentine in appearance, and styrax in odour. See
Hist, des Drag., vol. ii., p. 306.

t c. Section of the trunk from Guatemala. Presented by
Mr. D. Hanbury.

SALICACE^.

514. PoPULTJS BALSAMiFBEA, L. (Tacamahac Poplar.)

a. Leaf buds.

Note. — The leaf buds of this species, and of P. nigra, L., are used to
make an ointment, and to prevent rancidity in other ointments, in which
property they are said not to be equal to paraffin. See Lind. Fl. Med.,
p. 320. Amer. Dispens, p. 664. For formula see Cooley's Cyclopaedia, p. 855.

515. PoPULUS TREMULOiDES, Mich. (American Aspen, Americari

Poplar.)

a. Bark, (White Poplar Baric.)
Note. — This bark is used as a bitter tonic and febrifuge in America.
Amer. Dispens., p. 666. It somewhat resembles slippery elm bark in
appearance, but the latter has an odour like fenugreek, and is not bitter
like poplar bark. See Amer. Dispens., p. 665.

516. Salix Caprea, L. (Oreat Sallow, Bound-leaved Willow.)

a. Bark. (Willow Baric.)
Note. — Several other species yield willow bark. The bark of Sahx
purpurea, L., is stated to be intensely bitter. S. Caprea is known by its
broad flat ovate leaves, with wavy margins. The bark has been used in
agues. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 337.

127

BALANOPHORACE^.

517. Cynomorium coccineum, L.

a. The plant, (Fungus melitensis.)
Note.— This plant was formerly highly valued as an astringent in
dysentery, and was also used in Malta to procure abortion. See Treas.
Bot., p. 372. For fig. see Hist, des Drog., vol. ii., p. 74.

CYTINACE^.

518. Cytinus Htpocistis, L.

a. Extract. (Succus Hypocistidis.)

Note. — This occurs in lenticular cakes of about 2 oz. in weight. It was
formerly used as an astringent in diarrhoea and hfemorrhage. The seeds
of this plant are remarkable for having an amorphous embryo. See
Hist, des Drog., vol. ii.,p. 86. The plant is a curious parasite found in
the South of Europe upon the root of the cistus, or rock rose. See
Pomet, Diet. Drugs, p. 221 ; Salmon's English Physician, 1693, p. 917.

«

128

GYMNOSPERMIA.

CONIFERS.

519. Abies balsamea, Marshall; Pmus balsamea, L. (Balsam Fir,

Balm of Gilead Fvr.)

a. Oleoresin. {Canada Balsam.)

Note. — Canada balsam is also produced by Pinus Fraseri, Purgh. It is
much used for mounting objects for the microscope. For this purpose
old hard Canada balsam is preferred. It readily mixes with chloroform
and benzol in aU proportions. See Pharmacographia, p. 552. It sohdifies
with one sixth of its weight of calcined magnesia. For its optical pro-
perties, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 306.

h. Yolatile oil.

Note.— Thia is the volatile oil separated by distillation from Canada
balsam. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 263.

520. Abies Canadensis, Mich.; Pinus Canadensis, L. {Hemlock

Spruce.)

a. Oleoresin. (Ganada Pitch, Hemlock Pitch.)

Note. — In its purified state it is official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia.
The powdered inner bark is used by American herbahsts as an astrin-
gent. An oil obtained from the oleoresin, and called oil of hemlock or
oU of spruce, has been used to procure abortion. See Wood and Bache,
Dispens., p. 651. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 264.

521. Abies excelsa, D.C. ; Pmus abies, L. {Norway Spruce.)

a. Fruiting branchlet.

i. Concrete oleoresin. {Burgundy Pitch.)

Note. — Specimen h is an authentic specimen, which, as well as the
fruit, was gathered in Switzerland, at Simmenthal, Canton de Bern, by
Mr. D. Hanbury in the autumn of 1849. It is described by Pereira in
hie Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 306.

c. Concrete oleoresin. Two specimens, from Messrs. Allen

& Co.

d. Ditto. Four specimens.

e. Strained Burgundy pitch, from Hamburg.

/. Plaister made from a specimen imported from St.

Petersburg in 1849. Presented by Mr. J. Barclay.

g. Artificial Burgundy pitch.

Note. — Most of the Burgundy pitch found in commerce is a fictitious
article, made by melting resin with linseed oil, and colouring with
arnatto or palm oil. The genuine article is much more irritating than
the fictitious one. See Cooley's Cyclopcedia, p. 941 ; Pharmacographia,
pp. 557-560. Any fat oil may be detected by treating the Burgundy
pitch with twice its weight of glacial acetic acid, when it forms a turbid
mixture. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. <£• Trim., Bled. PlanU^, tab. 262.

129

522. Abies pectinata, B.G. ; Pinus Picea, L. (Silver Fir.)

a. Oleoresin. (Strassburg Tuijjentine.)

b. Volatile oil. {Oleum Abietis.)

Note. — This oleoresin, like that of Abies balsamea, is contained in little
swellings of the bark of young stems, there being no resin ducts in the
wood. See Pharmacographia, pp. 545, 555, 556. It differs from Canada
balsam in having no distinct fluorescence, a more pleasant taste, and no
bitterness. The genus Abies is distinguished from Pinus by the cones
having thin scales. The volatile oil was ofiicial in the form of inhalation
in the Thi-oat Hospital Pharmacopoeia of 1872, p. 74, but has since been
replaced by the volatile oU of Pinus PumiHo. See Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 261.

523. Callitris quadrivalvis, Vent. ; Thuja articulata, Desf. (Avar

Tree.)

a. Resin. {Gum Juniper, Gum Sandarach.)
Note. — This resin somewhat resembles mastic in appearance, but the
tears are longer and more cylindrical, and the odour is different. It is
used in making French polish. See Gooleifs Gyclopaidia, p. 541. In the
state of powder it is used as pounce. Treas. Bot., p. 198. See Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 327. Galls are also found on this tree. See
Collection of Animal Mat. Med.

524. Dammara australis, Bon. {Kauri Fine.)

a. Resin. {Aiostralian Gopal, Australian Bammar, Coira

Gitm, Kawrie Gum.)

b. Ditto. Remarkably fine specimen.

Note. — Kauri or cowdie gum is a fossil resin, used as a substitute for
copal in making varnishes. It is readily soluble in eucalyptus oils. It
is largely imported into this country from New Zealand, where it is dug
up by the Maories. P. J. [3] , vol. v., p. 259. In the year 1866, no less
than 41,428 cwts. were imported, a large proportion of which was pro-
bably again exported to America. See McGiUloch's Commercial Dictionary ,
p. 655. It has fetched as much as £120 a ton in London. The fine
specimen h was presented in 1875 by Messrs. Fitch & French, of Mel-
bourne, a descriptive note from whom is enclosed with specimen a.
Common dammar resin is produced in India by Dammara orieutalis.
Lamb. Hist, des Drog., vol. ii., p. 268.

526. JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS, L.

a. Tops.

b. Ditto, "witli very fine fruit.

c. Galbnli. {Juniper Berries.)

d. Volatile oil. {Oil of Juniper.)

e. Ditto. Obtained from the wood.

Note. — The fruit is a fleshy galbulus. When first formed, it consists
of three fleshy bracts quite separate from each other, with an ovule at
the base of each. These bracts afterwards grow together to form the
so-called juniper berry. For fig., see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
p. 255. The small catkins of male flowers occur on separate plants.
Pharmacographia, p. 565. The oU is often adulterated with turpentine,
and is then less viscid, and not entirely soluble in alcohol. The pure
oil is soluble in that fluid. Hist, des Drog., vol. ii., p. 240.

K

130

526. JuNiPERUS Sabina, L. (Savin.)

a. Tops.

b. Volatile oil. (0*7 of Savin.)

Note.—Smin differs from juniper in having leaves only half as long
and more spreading than in that plant, and m its different odour. It
may be distinguished by its tufted branchlets from the common species
of Thuja, whicja have fan-like, flattened branches. See Pharmacographia,
p. 567. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 254.

527. JuNiPERUs ViRGiNiANA, L. (Bed Geda/r, or American So/vine.)

a. Wood. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbnry.
Note. — This plant closely resembles savine in appearance and odour,
but yields less volatile oil. . Jt appears to differ from savine only in its
larger size and more diffuse habit. Pharmacographia, p. 568. The wood
is the kind of cedar commonly used for lead pencils. It has the advan-
tage over common cedar of not being attacked by insects.

528. JUNIPEEUS OXTCEDRUS, L.

, a. Empyreumatic oil. (Huile de Cade, Juniper Tar Oil.)

I. Ditto, from Germany. Dr. M. Weidenbach, 965,
Cologne Street, Aix-la-Chapelle.
Note.— This oil was formerly made from J. Oxycedrus, L. ; but its
present source is not known. Pharmacographia, p. 563. It is used in
skin diseases, either alone or combined with soap.

529. PiNTJS PiNBA, Laml. (Stone Pine.)

a. Cones. (Pignoli Pines.)
Note. — -The seeds are eaten under the name of pignons doux in France
and piaocchi in Italy. Pignons d'Inde are the seeds of Ciu'cas purgans.
For fig. see Hist, des Drog., vol. ii., p. 245.

530. PiNUS Pinaster, Sol. (Cluster Pine, Pinaster.)

a. Cones. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 256.

b. Oleoresin. (Bordeaux Turpentine.)

c. Galipot du pin maritime.

d. Galipot fondu. (False Colophony.)

Note. — The specimens b, c, d, were presented to Dr. Pereira by Prof.
Guibourt. Gahpot (formerly garipot), or barras, is the resin which exudes
from old incisions in the tree, and hardens on the trunk. It is chiefly
collected in winter. Galipot fondu is the same melted to free it from
impurities. See Hist, des Drog., vol. ii., p. 263.

531. PiNUS PuMiLio, Haenlce. (Mugho, or Mountain Pine.)

a. Volatile oil. (Oleum templinum.)
Note. — The volatUe oil is official in the Throat Hospital Pharmacopoeia,
p. 89. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 300.

532. PiNUS stlvestris, L. (Scotch Fir.)

a. Archangel pitch.

b. British pitch.

c. Volatile oil. (Oleum Pvni Sylvestns, Fir Wool Oil.)

131

532. PiNUS SYLVESTEis, continued.

]<foie. — Archangel pitch is also produced by Larix Sibirica, Ledeb. Pitch
has been used, made into pills with flour, in skin diseases and languid
circulation. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 324. Pitch is the
residue in the still after the distillation of wood tar.

The volatile oil is official in the Throat Hospital Pharmacopoeia)
p. 90. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 257.

533. PiNUS T^DA, L.; PiNUS PALUSTRIS, Mill; PiNUS AUSTEALIS, Midi.

a. Oleoresin. (Crude Turpentine.)

h. Concrete ditto. Two specimens. (Itesina Ahietis,
American Frankinceme, Gum Thus.) Presented by
Mr. Eee.

c. Volatile oil. (Oil of Turpentine, Spirit of Tmpentine.)

d. Ditto, rectified from, water, and having left-handed

polarization.

e. Ditto, with both right-handed and left-handed polar-

ization.
/. Resin. (White Bosin.)

g. Ditto, ditto. (Foix-resine.) From Prof. Guibourt.

h. Ditto. ( Yellow or Aniber Bosin.)

i. Ditto. (Black Bosin, or Colophony.)

Note. — White rosin is the residue from the distillation of oil of turpen-
tine, and owes its opacity to water contained in it. When this is driven
off entirely, the resin becomes transparent, and forms the amber or yel-
low rosin of commerce. When heated more strongly, it forms black
rosin, or colophony. For fig. of P. palustris, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 268, and for P. Troda, tab. 259.

TAXACB^.

534. Dacrtdium cupressinum, Lamh. (Ditiion Pine.)

a. Bark, leaves, and extract.
Note. — The extract has an astringent taste.

CYCADACE^.

535. CrCAS revoluta, Thunb.

a. Section of stem.
h. Fruit.

c. Seeds. From Foo-chow, China. Presented by Mt-. D.
Hanbury.

Jv^oie.— Japan sago is said to be made of the starch of this plant ; but
it is not imported into England. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii. ut i
p. 298. ' i' • •>

132

ENDOGENiE.

DlGTYOGENiE.

DIOSCORACE^.

636. DioscoREA viLLOSA, L. {Colic Boot, Wild Yam.)
a. Root.

Note. — This root is said to be a specific for bilious colic. It is alsu
used as an antispasmodic in ui-itable states of the muscular tissue be-
neath mucous membrane. See King's Dispens., p. 335. It is not
official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia.

537. DioscoREA TKiPHTLLA, L. (BucJc Yam.)

a. Starch.

Note. — The root yields about 16 per cent, of starch. The word " buck "
has no reference to the animal of that name ; it refers to its use bj'
the native Indians, who are called Bucks by the settlers.

538. DioscoREA SATivA, L. (Gommion Yam.)

a. Root, preserved wet.

Note. — The root yields about 24 per cent, of starch. Yams are roasted
or boUed and used like potatoes, in the West and East Indies. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 269.^.

539. Tamus communis, L. {Blade Bryomj.)

a. Root, preserved wet.

Note. — This plant must not be confounded with white bryony, which
belongs to the Cucurbitaceaj. White bryony has rough palmate leaves,
and greenish white flowers. Black bryony has glossy, smooth, heart-
shaped leaves, and minute green flowers. The fi-esh root, which is very
large, is used for black eyes and bruises. It is used in the form of pulp,
made by scraping the root. It is apt to cause irritation if allowed to
get into the eyes. See Treas. Bot. , p. 1122.

SMILACE^.

540. RiPOGONUM PARVIFLORUM, B. Br.

a. Root.

Note. — The root of this plant is used in New Zealand as a substitute
for sarsaparilla. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 648.

541. Smilax aspbra, L. (Balian Sarsaparilla.)

a. Root, collected at Nismes, in 1849.
h. Ditto, incised.

c. Flowers and fruit, preserved wet.
Note. — Specimens a and c were presented by Mr. D. Hanbm-y.

133

542. Smilax Brasiliensis, Griseh.

a. Rliizome. (Brazilian Ohina Boot, Juapecanga, Jajpi-
canga, Inliaijecanga, Baiz de China hranca.')
—Brazilian China root is probably obtained from several species
of Sniilax. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 296 ; P. J. [3] , vol. v.,
p. 985. For fig. of the root, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xviii., fig. 2.
This specimen came from Eio Janeiro, and was presented by Mr. Simkin.

543. Smilax China, L.

a. Rhizome. (Ghina Boot.)
Note. — This rhizome is used in the East for syphilis. It is said to pos-
sess alterative and sudorific properties. See Pharmacographia, p. 648.
China root has been confounded with the curious fungus Pachyma Cocos,
which latter may be distinguished by containing no starch. See P . J.
[3], vol. iii., p. 762; Porter Smith, Mat. Med. China, p. 198, art. Smilax.
For fig. see Goebel und Kunze, pt. it., taf. xviii., fig. 1.

544. Smilax pseudo-China, L.

a. Rhizome. (American CJiina Boot.)
Note. — This specimen was presented by Mr. Eoberts.

545. Smilax species.

a. Caraccas sarsaparilla, or gouty Vera Cruz sarsaparilla.
Note. — This kind is figured in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 277,

fig. 187. According to Prof, Bentley, it is distinguished by the pith
being from 2 to 4 times the breadth of the woody layer, with the cells
of the nucleus sheath elongated radially, their walls being thicker on
the inner than on the outer side. It is of a pale brown colour, thick
and swollen, and has the chump or rootstock attached. It is a starchy
sarsaparilla. It is not now found in commerce. For micr. sect., see
Berg, Anat. Atlas., taf. 10, fig. 12.

b. Brazilian, Lisbon, or Para sarsaparilla.

Note. — This specimen is figured in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
p. 278. The roots are deprived of the chump, and are slender, wiry, not
deeply furrowed, with a thin brown cortical portion, and are starchy. It
is probably the root of S. papyracea. Pair. Pharmacographia, p. 641.
For fig. see P. J. [1], vol, xii., pp. 470, 472. It is not now met with in
commerce. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf, iv, fig. 13,

c. Lisbon sarsaparilla.

Note. — This specimen was presented by Messrs. Herring & Co. It is
paler than specimen b, scarcely furrowed, and has a white mealy cortical
portion. It has a distinct acrid taste, with a slight bitterness, and ap-
pears to belong to the same species as the Honduras rather than to the
Brazilian.

d. Hondiiras sarsaparilla. One large bundle.

e. Ditto, Fiye smaller bundles,
/. Ditto. Two short bundles.

Note. — Specimen d and one of specimen e are figured in Per, Mat. Med.
vol. u. , pt. i., p. 279, figs. 139, 140, It is distinguished from the Jamaica
variety by its pale mealy cortical portion, which has a somewhat acrid
taste. The cells of the nucleus sheath are square or elongated tan-
gentially, and are equally thick on aU four sides. See I. c, fig. 134. It
is a starchy sarsaparilla. See also Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf, iv., fig, 11.

134

645. Smilax species, continued.

g. Guatemala sarsaparilla.

Note. — This sarsaparilla is described and figured by Prof. Bentley, in
P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 479. In appearance it approaches the Caraccas
more nearly than any other, but differs in its brighter orange brown
colour, and in being deprived of the chump. It is referred by him
to S. papyracea, Poir., but with this opinion Hanbury does not agree.
Pharmacographia, p. 645. It is a starchy sarsaparilla.

Although all the above starchy sarsapariUas have a thick white cortical
portion throughout a considerable portion of their roots, yet they have
often only a thin brown cortical portion near the chump, and vary ex-
ceedingly in different parts. They are therefore usually distinguished in
commerce by the way in which they are packed, and by the fracture
being powdery or not when the root is broken.

h. Jamaica sarsaparilla. Two large bundles.
*. Ditto. Two small bundles.

j. Ditto. One plaited bundle.
Note. — This sarsaparilla is usually distinguished by its reddish brown
colour, dark brown cortical portion, and by having an abundance of
beard or rootlets. Specimens h and j are figured and described in Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. 1., p. 281. It yields one third of its weight of
extract. For micr. sect., see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. iv., fig. 17.

K Lima sarsaparilla. Two large bundles.
Z. Two small bundles.
m. Two specimens of the chump.
Note. — This sarsaparilla; closely resembles Jamaica in external ap-
pearance, but has not the reddish brown tint of the Jamaica variety.
The rhizome, or chump, is usually contained in the interior of the bun-
dle. It yields less extract than the Jamaica Mnd, but is probably
produced by the same species of Smilax. There can be but little
doubt that Jamaica sarsaparilla is the produce of Smilax officinalis,
H. B. K. For fig., see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 289.

n. Lean Vera Cruz or Mexican sarsaparilla.

Note.— This specimen is figured in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 284,
fig. 146. The roots are slender, not folded, shrivelled, almost without
rootlets, and the chump remains attached. It usually contams no starch.
It is produced by Smilax medica, Schl. et Cham. Pharmacographia,
pp. 640, 646. For micr. sect., see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. iv., fig. 16, and
Bentley and Triinen, Med. Plants, tab. 290.

0. Guayaquil sarsaparilla. From Hill & Son, April, 1851.

Note.—ThxB specimen was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury, in Nov., 1874.
It consists of rather large roots with the chump attached, and often por-
tions of the stem, which ai-e round, not square as in S. officinalis, nor
multi-angular as in S. papyi-acea. When cut transversely, it shows the
central ring of an orange tint. It is furnished with rootlets. The
thicker portions alone are mealy. See Pharmacographia, p. 646.
p. Spurious sarsaparilla, from J amaica.

2^ote.— This specimen was presented by Mr. Geo. Roberts, in March,
1853. It has no distinct pith, and does not resemble sarsaparilla in
external appearance. See P. J. [1] , vol. xu., p. 469.

135

TRILLIACE^.

546. Trillium pendulum, Willd.

a. Eoot. (Beth Boot, Wake Bohin, Birth Boot, Indian
Balm, Lamb's Quarter, Ground Lily.)
Note.— This root is used in the United States as a remedy for menor-
rhagia, and externally for obstinate ulcers. See Wood and Bache, Dis-
pens., p. 1616. It appears to contain a principle like saponin. See
Am. Joum. Pharm., 1856, p. 512. It is not official in the U.S. Phar-
macopoeia. In England the name of Wake Eobin is apphed to Arum
maculatum, L.

ORCHIDACE^.

54<7. Cypeipedium pubescens, Willd. (Oypripedium, Mocassin Plant,
Ladies' Slipper.)
a. Root. {American Valerian.)
Note. — Oypripedium root is the produce of C. parviflorum as well as of
the above species. The root is used as a nervous stimulant, and is con-
sidered equal to valerian. Cypripedin is prepared by precipitating a strong
tincture of the root with water. The fresh plant sometimes causes the
same symptoms of irritant poisoning as Ehus toxicodendron. See Am.
Joum. Pharm., 1875, p. 82.^

548. EULOPHIA CAMPESTRIS, Lindl.

a. Roots. (Sdlib misri.) Presented by Mr. Strickland.

Note. — The tubercular roots of several species of Eulophia furnish
salep.

h. Ditto. Salep from Cashmere.

c. Ditto. Salep from the Neilgherries.

d. Ditto. (Boyal Salep, Badshah Saleb.)

Note. — Eoyal salep is supposed to be the bulb of a liliaceous plant.
The specimen d was brought from Bombay, and given to Mr. D. Hanbury
by Dr. J. E. Stocks. It was presented to the Museum by Mr. D. Han-
bury. For fig., see P. J. [1] , voL xvii.,pp. 600, 501 ; Pharmacographia,
p. 693.

549. Orchis mascula, L. (Early Ptirple Orchis.)

a. Roots. Two specimens, (hidigenous Salep.)

h. Ditto. Powdered.

Note. — Salep is esteemed in the East as an aphrodisiac, but in this
country it is simply used as a demulcent and emollient drink. It is best
prepared by mixing 1 drachm of powdered salep with 1| drachms of
spirits of wine, then adding J pint of water suddenly, and boiling the
mixture. See Pharmacographia, p. 594. For method of drying the
root, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 264.

550. Vanilla planifolia., Andr.

a. Fruit. (Vanilla Pods.)

J^ofe.— Mexican vanilla is most esteemed. The odorous principle,
vanillin, can be made artificially. It is the methylic aldehyde of pyro-
catechuic acid. See Pharmacographia, p. 597. On the Continent, vaniUa

136

550. Vanilla planifolia, continued.

has been used in hysteria, etc. ; but its chief use in this country is t.,
flavour chocolate and confectionery. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii , pt i
p. 268. For culture, see P. J. [1] , vol. vii., p. 73 ; [1] , vol. ix., p. 275 •
[3], vol. IV., p. 517. For Vanillin, see P.J. [2], vol. i., p. 31; [3",
vol. iii., p. 407; [3], vol. iv., p. 996. For estimation of Vanillin, neu
P. J. [3], vol. vi., p. 603. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 272.

551. Vanilla Guianensis, Splith.

a. Fruit. From Demerara, preserved wet.

b. Fruit. Dried.

Note.— This specimen came from Demerara. The odour is slightly
different from that of the Mexican vanilla.

ZINGIBERACE^.

552. Alpinla. Galanga, Willd.

a. Rhizome. (Java, or Greater Galangal Boot, Galanga de

VInde.)

b. Fruit. (Galanga Gardamom.)

Note. — The rhizome has a much feebler odour than the Chinese kind.
It is not a regular article of commerce. For fig., see Hist, des Drag.,
vol. ii., p. 204. The fruit is figured in P. J. [1], vol, xiv., p. 241. See
also Chinese Collection of Drugs.

553. Alpinia nutans, Eoscoe.

a. Rhizome, from Mr. J. S. Stutchbury, Demerara.

b. Fruit.

Note. — This plant was supposed by Guibourt to produce Ught galangal
root. It has been proved however by Mr. D. Hanbury that such is not
the case. Specimens a and b were presented by filr. D. Hanbury. See
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 257.

554. Alpinia officinaeum, Hance.

a. Rhizome. (Chinese Galangal Boot, Lesser Galangal

Boot.) See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 271.

Note. — This variety has an odour resembling the taste of grains of
paradise. It is the radix galangaj of the European shops. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 257; and for fig.. Hist, des Drog., vol. ii.,
p. 202. The plant producing galangal root, was unknown until 1870.
See Joum. Linn. Soc., Bot., vol. xiii., 1873, p. 1 ; P.J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 248.

555. Amomum angustifolium, Sonn. ; A, nemoeosum, Boj. ; A.

Daniellii, Hoolc. f.

a. Leaves and root preserved wet.

b. Flowers.

c. Fruit.

Note.— The above specimens were sent from the Mauritius in May,
1854, by Mr. Emile Fleiu-ot, under the name of Longauze or Zedoairo
du Pays, and were attributed by him to Amomum nemorosum, Boj. P.
J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 639.

d. Fruit.

137

555. Amomum angustifolium, continued.

Note.— This specimen was brought from Sierra Leone by Dr. W. F.
DanieU, imilfer the name of Barsalo, or Bastard Melligetta, and was attri-
buted by him to Amomum DanielUi, Hook. f. P.J. [1] , vol. xu., p. 72.
Hanbury has since shown that DanieU's and Fleiu'ot's plants are identi-
cal, and that Sonnerat's name of A. angustifoUum was the one first
given to the plant. P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 642.

The plant differs from A. Melagueta in having yellow flowers.
The seeds resemble those of A. Clusii in being pohshed, but are rather
. smaUer, of a chestnut brown colour, have a blackish ring near the hilum,
and under a lens are seen to be speckled with black dots, which seem to
be underneath the pohshed surface. Theii- taste is sUghtly sweet and
acid, but scarcely aromatic. This drug is the " grande cardamome de
Madagascar" of Guibourt, Hist, des Drogues, vol. ii., p. 216 (1849), but
not the ■" Cardamomum majus " of ancient writers, which is the Kora-
rima cardamom of Pereira. See below. See also note under Cardamo-
mum majus in the Collection of Old English Brugs and. the Hanbury
Collection.
656. Amomum Cardamomum, L.

a. Fruits. (Bound, or Ghister Cardamom.)
Note.— The fruit is figured in Per. 3Iat. Med., vol. ii., p. 243, and Hist,
des Drog., vol. ii., p. 215. It is used in the East like Malabar carda-
moms. Pharmacographia, p. 587. The seeds taste exactly like those of
the official cardamoms. See Collection of Old English Drugs.

557. Amomum cbreum, Hoo/^. /. ; A. palustrb, J/z.

a. Fruit. Presented by Dr. W. F. Daniell.

Note.— The fruit is figured in P. J. [1], vol xvi., p. 515. The pow-
dered seed is made into an ointment, and used as a perfume by the
Timneh women in Sierra Leone, W. Africa. See P. J. [1], vol. xvi.,
p. 516.

558. Amomum citratum, Pereira.

a. Fruit.

Note. — The fruit is of a deep or purphsh brown colour. The seeds
have a strong taste of oil of verbena, much more powerful than in
A. medium. From that drug the seeds are distinguished by being brown
and silky, those of A. medium being dull and of a paler brown colour.
Grana paradisi, No. 12057, in the Sloanian Collection of the British
Museum, belongs to this species. For fig. of this specimen see Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 251, fig. 109. P. J. [1] , vol. ix., p. 313.

559. Amomum Clusii, Smith.

a. Fruit. (Long-seeded Cardamom.)
Note. — This includes a fruit of the specimen presented to Dr. Pereira
by Dr. T. W. C. Martius. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 251;
and Hist, des Drag., vol. ii., p. 223, fig. 398. The seeds of both are glossy
and smooth, greenish brown, about the size of a linseed, but blunter and
thicker, and have scarcely any taste, and under a lens are seen to be
speckled with elongated whitish dots underneath the pohshed surface.

560. Amomum globosum, Lour.

a. Fruit. (Large Bound China Cardamom.)
I. Seeds.

\

138

560. Amomum qlodosum, continued.

c. Fruit. (Small Bound Ohma Cardamom.)
^ Note.— These fruits have been figured by Hanbury in P. J. [1] , vol.
xiv., p. 353, figs. 1 and 2. The seeds of the large kind are greyish brown,
not polished, and have a deep furrow on one side. The taste recalls the
odour of bruised camomile leaves. They are used in China as a sto-
machic. See Chinese Collection of Drugs.

The smaU round China cardamom differs in having a reticulated cap-
sule, and in the seeds having a Y-shaped furrow.
•561. AaiOMUM KoEARiMA, Pereira.

a. Fruit. (Korarima Cardamom, Gurdgie Spice, Heil,
nabhal-hahasM.)
Note.— This fruit is mentioned in very old pharmaeopceias as Carda-
momum majus, by which name grains of paradise are now usually
intended. Pharmacographia, p. 589 ; Pomet Diet. Drugs, p. 21. The
seeds are brown, and taste somewhat Hke Malabar cardamoms. They are
larger than grains of paradise. See for fig., Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.
i, p. 250, fig. 106; P. J. [1] , vol. vi., p. 511. It is used in Abyssinia
as a carminative, and by the Arabs as a spice for their coffee. P. J. [1] ,
vol. xii., p. 587.

562. Amomum latifolium, Afz. (Olro-enlali, Obro-lelah, Mabula,
Egbubu, Goguoi.)
a. Fruit, from Sierra Leone.
Note. — This specimen was presented by Dr. Daniell. See P. J. [1] ,
vol. xvi., p. 470. The seeds are oblong and polished, blackish brown,
about the size of a grape stone, and are almost tasteless. The root and
plant are used by the natives to remove the debility following fevers.
They are boiled with the leaves of Morinda citrifolia, L., and the decoc-
tion used to wash the body every morning.

663. Amomum longiscapum, ffoo/c. /. (Obro Beghar.)

a. Fruit, from Sierra Leone. Presented by Dr. W. F. Daniell.
Note. — The fruit of this species is figured in P. J. [1] , vol. xvi., p. 469.
The seeds are angular and have scarcely any aroma. They are not used in
medicine by the natives.

564. Amomum macrospermum, Smith.

a. Fruit. (Large-seeded Guinea Cardamiom.)

Note.- — This fruit is the mabooboo of the natives of Sierra Leone. The
seeds are about the size of grains of paradise ; angular and polished, of a
leaden grey colour, with a pale circular mark surrounding the hilum.
The taste is slightly aromatic, and resembles that of cajuput oil. For
fig. of the fruit see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 25^.

b. Fruit.

Note. — This specimen is the one alluded to by Dr. Pereria as having
been given to him by Dr. Daniell. The following memorandum is
attached to it : — " The fruit is called palancupon in the Mandingo lan-
guage. The pulp, which is acidulous, is sucked by the natives. The
flowers are stalked (in this respect differing from those of A. Melagueta),
white, with a purplish tint. The plant grows at Coto, Cape St. Mary,
Gambia. Given by Dr. Daniell, August 19th, 1849." See Per. Mat. 3Ied.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 253.

139

565. Amomdm maximum, Boxh.

a. Pruit. (Java Cardamoms, Great Winged Cardammns.)
Note.— The fruits are about the size of a cob-nut ; the seeds are angu-
lar and have a taste Hke cardamoms, but less powerful. The fruits when
soaked in water are seen to have 9-13 ragged wings about one eighth
inch deep. Nepal and Bengal cardamoms have been confounded with
this kind by Pereira. Nepal cardamoms have a long tubular calyx as
long or longer than the fruit, and are often stalked. Bengal cardamoms
differ in being of a deep brown colour. Java cardamoms have a dull
grey colour. See Pharmacographia, p. 588. Bengal cardamoms are
known to the native drug dealers as Morung Elachi, and in the bazaars
as Euro Elachi. For fig. of fruit see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 249,
fig. 105.

566. Amomum Melagueta, Boscoe.

a. Fruit, preserved wet.

h. Seeds. (Grains of Paradise, Guinea Gi-ains.)
c. Roots, preserved wet.
Note.— The fruit, when fresh, is of a red colour. The seeds are used by
the natives of West Africa as a condiment. In this country they are
used in cattle medicines, and also, it is stated, for giving pungency to
cordials, Pharmacographia, p. 592. The seeds may be distinguished
from those of colchicum by their larger size and the conical, paler, mem-
branous caruncle at the base of the seed. See Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 268. See also the Hanbury Collection.

567. Amomum medium, Lour. ; Alpinia alba, Boscoe.

a. Fruit. (Tsao-quo, Qud-leu, Ovoid China Cardamom.)
Note. — The fruit is about the size of a smaU nutmeg, and of a dirty
grey colour, and the seeds are larger than in any other kind, angular and
somewhat peax-shaped. They have an ai'omatic taste like that of oil of
lemon-grass or verbena, but much less powerful than that of A. citratum.
A specimen of the ovoid China cardamom in the Museum of Natural
History at Paris is labelled qua-leu. The seeds are used in China as a
condiment. For fig. see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 257, fig. 126 ;
P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 420, fig. 9.

668. Amomum species. (Black Cardamom.)

a. Fruit. (Bitter-seeded Cardamom, Yili-clie-tsze.)

Note. — The seeds are pitted, and have a bitter, myrrh-hke taste ; they
are of a deep brown colour. This specimen was presented by Mr. D.
Hanbury. For fig. of the fruit and seeds see P. J. [1] , vol. xiv., p. 419,
fig. 8.

569. Amomum villosum, Lo^lr.

a. Fruit. (Hairy Chinese Cardamom, Yang-chun-sha.)

Note. — The fruit is covered with numerous small asperities, which are
short, dried, fieshy spines. The seeds have a peculiar taste, which resem-
bles the odour of burnt cork (Hanbury describes it as tar-like), together
with the warmth of Malabar cardamoms. The fruit is referred by
Guibourt to the above species ; but Hanbury considers this identification
doubtful. The specimen was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury. For fig.
see P. J. [1] , vol. xiv., p. 355, fig. 45.

140

570. Amomum xanthioides, Wall

a. Fruit, preserved wet. (Xanthioid Cardamoms.)

i. Pericarps, deprived of seeds. (Sha-jhi-ko.)

c. Seeds. {Bastard Cardamoms, Cardamom Seeds.)
Note.~The seeds of this species are minutely pitted. The taste in
powerfu ly camphoraceous. The fruit is covered wi^h longer spine' ha"
in A. vmosum. This drug is the produce of Laos and Cambodia The
specimen was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury. For fig. see P J m vol
XIV., pp. 417, 418, fig. 67. Pharmacographia, -p. 587. ' '^J'

571. Elettaria Cardamomum, Mat.

a. Fruit. (Ilalahar Cardamoms.) B. di Tt.\ Med. PI, tab. 267
y. Seeds. (Ditto.)

c. Fruit. (Ditto), shorts.

d. Seeds. (Ditto), short- shorts.

e. Fruit. (Ditto), short-longs.
/. Fruit. (Ditto), long-longs.

(J. Ditto. (Ditto), ditto. Presented by Prof.

h. Seeds. (Ditto), ditto. [Guibourt.

^oie.— The Malabar cardamoms are the most esteemed. Those which
are obtuse at the ends are known as " shorts," and those which are
tapering as "short-longs." Madras cardamoms are paler, and are
usually " short-longs " only. Aleppy cardamoms are "shorts," and have
a pecuhar greenish tint. Good samples yield three-quarters of their
weight of seeds. " Long-longs " are rarely imported.

572. Elettaria major, Smith.

a. Fruit. {Ceylon Cardamoms, TJnsal.)

b. Seeds. ,

Note.— This plant is only known to occur in Ceylon. It is now con-
sidered to be only a variety of E. cardamomum. The seeds and fi-uit
have however a very distinct odour and taste, resembhng mace or elemi.
They are said by Pereira to be chiefly used on the Continent. The fruits
are long, narrow, and of a dirty white colour. Pharmacographia, pp.
583-5. For fig. see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 263, fig. 131.

573. Curcuma angustifolia, Boxl.

a. Starch. {Curcuma Starch, East Indian Arrowroot, Tikor
or Tikhar.)

Note. — According to Hanbury this starch is not known as a special
kind in the English market, the East Indian arrowi'oot of the London
drug sales being the starch of a maranta. Pliartnacographia, pp. 574-5.
Curcuma starch is figured in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., frontispiece,
fig. 12, It is distinguished from all other starches (except plantain
starch, fig. 2, I. c., which is rarely quite white) by its flatness, and by
having the hilum at the small end. SeePer. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i. , p. 242.

574. Curcuma longa, L.

a. Rhizome, preserved wet.
h. Chinese turmeric, fine.

c. Madras ditto, fine.

d. Bengal ditto, fine.

141

574 Curcuma Longa, coBtimied.

e. Bengal turmeric, inferior, from Calcutta.

/. Malabar or Bombay turmeric.

g. Java turmeric, from Amsterdam.
2Jote. — The Chinese is most esteemed, but is seldom met with in the
Em-opean markets. Madras turmeric frequently consists entirely of
round rhizomes. It is a large kind. Bengal turmeric is of a deeper tint,
and is preferred for dyeing. Java turmeric is usually dusted with its
own powder, and is not of a very brilliant colour when broken. Pharma-
cographia, p. 579. The round rhizomes are the central portion or first
year's growth, the long rhizomes are the lateral rhizomes developed
afterwards from the central one. For fig. of the different kinds see Per.
Nat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., pp. 238-9. For Ciuxumin, see Pharmacographia,
p. 579. For fig of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 269.

575. Curcuma species.

a. Rbizome. (Yelloiv Ginger from Pernambuco.')
Note. — This specimen was brought from Pernambuco by a brother of
the Eev. E. Bower. It has a yellow colour internally, and an aromatic
flavour, something like that of the yellow zedoary. It is labelled
Amomum sylvestre (?) , but is placed here on account of its similarity to
the tubers of the Curcuma genus.

676. CuECUMA Zedoaria, Boxb. (Castoorie munjil, Hindoo.)

a. Rhizome. {Zedoary Root.}

b. Ditto. (Gassumunar Root.)

Note. — These specimens, which have a yellow colour internally, and an
aromatic bitter taste with a tiirmeric flavour', correspond to Pereira's
description in his Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., pp. 242, 236, but not to Pomet
and Lemery's description. The above specimens are not true zedoary
root, which is of pinkish white colour, as described by Pomet in the Hist,
of Drugs, p. 33, and has a bitter taste and a flavour like rosemary or
cai-damoms. For specimen of genuine zedoary and zerumbet roots see
Collections of Old English Drugs. Both the above specimens (a and b)
appear to be identical ui structure and taste, and are evidently identical
with the turmeric-coloured zedoary of Ainshe, which is produced by
Curcuma Zedoaria of Eoxburgh, true zedoary being the produce of
Curcuma Zerumbet of Eoxburgh. See Ainslie, Mat. Med., vol. i., pp.
492, 493. The cassumunax- roots are probably the long lateral shoots of
the Curcuma Zedoaria, Roxh. See P. J. [2] , vol. i., p. 17.

577. Curcuma Zerumbet, Boxb.

a. Rbizome. {Zedoary Boot, Zerumbet Boot.)
Note.— This specimen was presented by Messrs. Cyriax and Farries.
It answers well to the description given by Ainshe in his Mat. Med.
vol. i., p. 492, and also to Pomet's description. The taste is bitter
and aromatic, like that of cardamoms ; and the cut surface is white
with a pinkish tint. The best is said to come from Ceylon. Its Telhn"-oo
name is keechlie gudda, and its T&moo\ n&me puliing-kilunggu. See Ainslie
Mat. Med., vol. i., pp. 492, 493; also Collections of Old English Drugs.

Zerumbet root, according to Pomet, is the produce of the same plant
as true zedoary, zerumbet being the ovate and zedoary the long portion
of the rhizome. Zedoary formerly came from the East Indies and Isle
of St. Lawrence. For fig., see GoefteZ wid JTwnze, pt.ii.,taf.xxiv.,figs. 3, 4.

142

578, ZiNIGIBER OFFICINALE, JRosCOe.

a. Rhizome, preserved wet. Presented by Mr. Booth,

b. Ditto and leaves. Ditto.

c. Rhizome. (Jamaica Ginger.)

d. Ditto. (Barbados Oinger.)

e. Ditto. (Cochin, or Malabar Ginger, fine.)

f. Ditto. (Ditto coated.)

g. Ditto. (Bengal Ginger.)

h. Ditto. (Ditto, coated.)

i. Ditto. (African Ginger.)
j. Starch from ginger.

Note.— The dried rhizomes are called by the dealers "races," or
" hands." The younger portions are amylaceous, and the older hard and
resinous. The Jamaica is the best, and is pale and uncoated. Cochin ginger
resembles it, but is of a pale brownish tint externally. The Calicut variety
of Bengal ginger is like Cochin ginger, but darker and harder. The
Barbados, Bengal, and African, are coated gingers. See Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt., i., p. 232. For fig. of ginger starch see Berg, Anat. Atlas,
taf . XX. Bleached ginger is sometimes coated with sulphate and carbonate
of lime. P. J. [3] , vol. iv., p. 831. Bentl. <& Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 270.

MARANTACE^.

579. Canna bdulis, Ker. ?

a. Starch. (Tous les Mois, Ganna Starch.)

Note. — This starch is made from the tuber, principally in St. Kitts,
one of the West India Islands. It is the largest known starch, and can
only be confounded with potato starch. For distinctive characters see
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 230. According to Dr. Shier it produces
a jelly more tenacious than any other starch. See also Pharmacographia,
p. 573. According to Guibourt, tous les mois is extracted from Canna
coccinea, Eosc. This plant, however, has a fibrous not a tuberous root.
P. J. [1] , vol. vii., p. 56 ; Hist, des Drag., t. ii., p. 230 ; see also Bentley,
Man. Bot., p. 654. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 266.

580. Canna Indica, L.

a. Flowers and young fruit, preserved wet.
h. Rhizome. Ditto.

c. Fruit and seeds. Ditto.

d. Ditto. Presented by Mr. Bartlett.

Note. — The seeds are known as Indian shot, from their blackness and
hardness. They are used as beads. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 655.

581. Maranta arundinacea, L.

a. Plant, preserved wet.

b. Rhizome cultivated at Natal.

c. Rhizome cultivated at Sierra Leone. Presented by Mr. W.

Pemiey.

d. Rhizome preserved wet. Presented by Senor J, Nobrega,

of Madeira,

e. Starch. (Arrowroot.)

143

581. Maranta aeundinacea, continued.

/. Starch, from British Guiana.
g. Ditto. {African Arrowroot.)

Note. Specimen c is a sample of the root from which African arrowroot

is prepared. Specimen / is No. 31 of the British Guiana collection of
drugs in the International Exhibition of 1851. It was contributed by
T. H. Garnett, and was produced at Herstelling plantation, Demerara.
P. J. [1] , vol. xi., p. 159. For fig. of starch see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. ii., frontispiece, fig. 10 ; and also pt. i., p. 224. For African arrowroot,
see P. J. [1] , vol. X., p. 272. See Bentl. (& Trim., Med. Plants, tab, 265.

582. Thalia dealbata, Fras.

a. Inflorescence, preserved wet.

Note.'— The structure of the leaf-stalk is very curious. See Treas. Bot.,
p. 1138. The specimen was presented by Prof. Bentley. It was grown in
the Eoyal Botanical Gardens, London.

MUSACE^.

583. MusA PAEADiSAiCA, L. (Plantain.)

a. Fruit. {Plantain core sliced.)

&. Ditto. {Ditto, powdered ; Plantain Meal, Gonquin Tay.)
c. Starch.

Note. — Specimen c was prepared at Kitty plantation, Demerara, and
was contributed to the International Exhibition of 1851, by Dr. Shier.
See P. J. [1] , vol.xi., p. 159, No.|34 ; and p. 156, No. 13. Specimens a and
6 were presented to Dr. Pereira by Dr. Shier. Plantain starch closely
resembles that of East Indian arrowroot in appearance. The fruits yield
about 17 per cent, of it. For fig. see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii. ;
frontispiece. No. 21. See also I. c, vol. i., p. 222.

IRIDACE^.

584. Crocus satiyus, L.

a. Stigmata. {Say Saffron.) Two specimens.
&. Ditto. {Adxblterated Saffron.)

c. Ditto. {Adulterated Saffron.)

d. Ditto. {After heing ^lsed in infusion.)

e. Ditto. {Exhausted of colouring matter.)

Note. — Saffron is sometimes adulterated with safflower, marigold florets,
or crocus stamens, carbonate of calcium, and sulphate of barium. Saf-
flower, if present, may be recognised when the saffron is put into warm
water, by its tubular corolla with syngenesious anthers ; marigold petals
and crocus stamens by not being tripartite as in the saffron (P. J. [2] ,
vol. vii.p.452). Carbonate of calcium, if present, may be detected by its
effervescence with hydrochloric acid (P. J. [3], vol. i., pp. 241, 624); and
oil, which is sometimes used to freshen the colour of saffron, by pressure
between blotting-paper. See Pharmacographia, p. 606 ; Per. Mat. Med.
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 216. Cake saffron consists of the florets of safflower
made into thin cakes with gum-water. For Cape saffron see Lyperia
crocea. For cultivation in France and Austria, see P. J. [1] , vol. viii.
p. 171; in Cashmere, P. J. [1] , vol. xv., p. 226; in Pennsylvania, P. J.
[2] , vol. ix., p. 28 ; in France, P. J. [3] , vol. iv., p. 551; in Italy, P. J.
[3], vol. vi., p. 215. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med
Plants, tab. 274.

144

585. Iris Florentina, L.

a. Rhizome.

h. Ditto, powdered.

^'ote.— Orris root is also derived from Iris Germanica, L., and Lis
pallida, Lam. The essential oil, which is semi-solid like that obtained
fi-om elder blossom, is sold when dissolved in about 1,5 parts of spirit as
oil or essence of orris root. For micr. section and starch, see Berg, Anat.
Atlas., taf. xxi. The rhizome yields -r'j per cent, of the oil. See P. J.
[3], vol. iii., p. 230. It consists chiefly of what is supposed to be
myristic acid. Pharmacographia, p. 601. For fig. of plant, see Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 273.

586. Iris versicolor, L. (Blue Flag.)

a. Rhizome. (Bhoe Flag Boot.) '

Note.— The root by American herbalists is used as a powerful purgative
and alterative in scrofulous diseases, usually mixed with cayenne pepper
or other stimulant. Irisin or iridin is a resinous body, made by precipi-
tating the tincture with water, and mixing the precipitate with an equal
quantity of some absorbent powder. It is used by the eclectic practi-
tioners. . See Wood and Bache, p. 487. In small doses it is said to
stimulate the whole glandular system. See Graver Coe, Positive Med.
Agents, p. 167.

AMARYLLIDACE^.

587. Alstrcemeria Lictu, L.

a. Starch.

Note. — The starch of the root of this and other species of the same
genus, are used in Chili as arrowroot. Bentley, Man.Bot., -p. This
specimen was sent by Mr. Smith, of Concepcion, Chili. P.J. [l],vol.x.,
p. 265.

TACCACE^.

588. Tacca oceanica, Nutt.

a. Starch. {Sandwich Island Arrowroot, Tacca Starch,
Tahiti Arrowroot, Otaheite Salep.)

Note. — Pereira states that this starch would probably be equal to West
Indian arrowroot if it were prepared with equal care. Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 221. The starch is called by the natives Pea. For fig.
of plant see Am. Journ. Pharm., 1838, p. 307. For fig. of starch, see Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., frontispiece. No. 18.

LILIACE^.
589 Agapanthus umbellatus, Serit.
a. Bulb,

Note. — The juice of this plant contains numerous crystals, and when
rubbed on the skin causes irritation and redness, lasting several hours.
Pharmacographia, p. 629.

590. Allium Porrtjm, L. (Leeh.)

a. Bulb, preserved wet.

h. Fruit, ditto.

Note. — For an account of the leek, see Treat. Bot., p. 40.

145

«

501. Allium sativum, L.

a. Balb, preserved wet. {Garlic.)
. j^oie.— Grarlic consists of a bulb in wMch all the scales are membranous,
but a number of buds or small bulbs, which are called " cloves," are
developed in the axils of the membranous scales. It keeps best when
hung up in a dry place, so that the bulbs do not come in contact with any-
thing. See Treas. Bot., p. 41. Bentl. d- Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 280.

592. Allium Victoriale, L.

a. Bulb.

]^ote_ — This bulb is remarkable for the strong resemblance it bears to
the rootstock of Nardostachys Jatamansi. It is described by Guibourt
under the name of " Faux Nard du DauphinS," it being a native of that
district. See Hist, des Drog., t. iii., p. 82, fig. 581. It is distinguished
from Nardostachys Jatamansi by having a shght alliaceous odour, and
by the fibres forming a regular network.

593. Aloe Indica, Boyle. .

a. Inspissated juice a. (Indian aloes.) Presented by Dr.

Boyle.

b. Ditto, /S.

c. Ditto. (Aloes from Eadramaut.) Presented by Dr. J.

A. Yaugban.

d. Ditto. (Aden, or Blade Aloes.)

Note. — Specimens a and b are those described by Pereira in his Slat.
Aled. under Indian aloes, a and /3, in vol. ii., pt. i., p. 193. Specimens c
and d are No. 1 and 3 mentioned in the footnote, P. J. [1], vol. xii.,
p. 268. A memorandum on specimen d states that the price of that kind
was 2 rupees for 28 lbs.

e. Aloesine.

Note. — A memorandum on this specimen states that it was prepared by
evaporating a watery decoction after the deposition of the resin, and
removing the pure principle by oxide of lead by Braconnot's process.

594. Aloe linguiformis, B.C.

a. Inspissated juice.

Note. — This specimen has the following note attached: " Aloes from
French Hoek, much preferred by the resident doctor. Dr. Versveld, to
Cape or even to hepatic aloes. Hanbury mentions this species as one
of those reputed to yield the best Cape aloes.

595. Aloe Socotrina, Lam.

a. Inspissated juice. (Hepatic Aloes.)

h. Ditto. Two specimens. From Horner & Sons.

Note. — The hepatic aloes of old m-iters is considered by Hanbury to
have been the sediment deposited in Socotrine aloes juice, the upper
transparent portion forming, when dried, Socotrine aloes. Pharmacogra-
phia p. 621. Much of the hepatic aloes of the present day, however, owes
its opacity to a feculent matter. P. J. [1], vol. xi. p. 439 ; P. J. [8],
vol. iii., p. 994,

L

146

595. Aloe Soorotrina, continued.

c. Inspissated juice. {Mocha, or Molca Aloes.) From
Wright & Co. ^

cl Ditto. Presented by Dr. A. Leared.
_ Note.-This kind of aloes has been imported from Muscat It is of
mfenor quaUty containing usuaUy 25 per cent, of impurity. P. Ma
Med., vol. n., pt. i., p. 192. Hanbury attributes it to Aloe Socotrina

SocTtTrf^'^'i"-/''- intermediate between tha7oi

ftTZl . J^^^f ^l^ich would seem rather to indicate that

vnlf ^ ^"y^'' ^^''^ H^'^'^'^y tJ^i^ks is a sUght

variety of Aloe vulgaris, Lam. Pharmacographia, p. 622 • P J m

e. Socotrtne aloe juice, No. 1.

/. Socotrine aloes prepared, No. 2, from No. 1.

g. Large skin of false Socotrine aloes.

A^oie.— Specimen e is the one aUuded to in Per. Mat. Med., vol. u.,
pt. 1., p. 188. It was imported into London from Madras, but was first
purchased from some Arabs on the coast of the Bed Sea,

h. Zanzibar aloes. Presented by Mr. F. J. Hanbury.
Note.— This kind of aloes is imported in monkey skins. It is the kind

mentioned in Pharmacographia, p. 622. The odour of the specimen h is
similai- to that of Socotrine aloes but less agreeable, and the surface is
duller and more resinous-looking.

596. Aloe ferox. Lam.

a. Portion of the stem, Bentl. d: Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 284.
h. Inspissated juice. {Oape Aloes.)

c. Ditto. (Socotrine Gape Aloes.) Two specimens.

d. Ditto. (Hepatic Gape Aloes.) Two specimens.

e. Ditto. (Natal Aloes.)

f. Resin deposited from a decoction of aloes,
^oie.— Other species, such as Aloe ferox, L., A. perfoliata, L., also yield
Cape aloes. A. Africana, Blill, and A. pUcatihs, Mill, are said by Dr. Pappe
to yield a less powerful kind. Specimens c and d are the specimens /3
and 7 mentioned by Pereu-a in his Mat. 31 ed., yoI. ii., pt. i., p. 192.
They were sent to him by Mr. DunsterviUe of Algoa Bay. Natal aloes is
produced by a large aloe which has not yet been identified, but from the
similarity of the odour of the drug to Cape aloes, it is here classed with it.
It closely resembles hepatic aloes in appearance, but has an odour like Cape
aloes, and usually presents a powdery surface. Hepatic aloeshas an odour
like Socotrine aloes, and a dull and opaque, not a powdery, surface.
Socotrine aloes may be recognised by its reddish tint, and by the frag-
ments being nearly transparent, as well as by its odour.

597. Aloe vulgaris. Lam.

a Stem. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 282.

b. Leaves, preserved wet.

c. Inspissated juice. (Barhados Aloes.) Two specimens.

d. Gourd, containing Barbados aloes.

147

597. Aloe vulgaris, continued.

e. Portion of an opened gourd.

/. Foetid, or horse aloes. (Aloes Cahallin of Guibourt.)

Note. — There are two varieties of Barbados aloes met with in commerce,
one presenting a brown and the other a black fracture ; the former is the
best. Barbados aloes may be at once distinguished by its disagreeable
odour. Specimen / was presented by Prof. Guibourt. It is alluded to in
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 192, No. 5.

598. Asparagus officinalis, L.

a. Rhizome and young shoots, preserved wet.

Note. — The young shoots are sometimes called turiones. The juice of the
asparagus plant possesses diuretic properties. Bentley, Man. Bot.,-p. 663.
The plant is said to contain asparagine and mannite. See Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii. , pt. i., p. 211. The true leaves of this plant are minute scales.

599. Drac^na Draco, L.

a. Portion of stem, with leaves.

h. Resin. Dragon's blood in the tear.

Note. — The specimens a and h were presented by Senor G. J. de
Nobrega, of Funchal, Madeira.

c. Socotra dragon's blood. Presented by Dr. Vaughan.
Note. — Specimen c is probably produced by Draca3na Draco. See

Wellstead's Travels in Arabia, vol. ii., p. 449; and P. J, [1], vol. xii.,
p. 385.

d. Dragon's blood in the tear. Presented by Messrs.

Allen & Co.

600. POLTGONATUM OFFICINALE, All.

a. Rhizome. (Solomon's Seal.)

Note. — The plant is indigenous, occitrring in woods. The rhizome, grated
or scraped into a pulp, is used in the provinces as an application to
bruises, to remove the discoloration. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 212.

The last two plants, together with Euscus aculeatus and a few others,
have, by some botanists, been placed in a separate family, called Aspara-
gaceas, characterized by having a succulent fruit, and a root which is not
bulbous. See Bahington, Man. Bot., p. 350.

601. Urginba Scilla, Steinheil.

a. Bulb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 281.

b. Ditto, sliced.

c. Ditto, preserved wet.

d. Ditto. Fine specimen.

Note.— The bitter principle of squill is precipitated by tannin. Phar-
macographia, p. 628. According to Quekett, powdered squill contains
10 per cent, of raphides. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 204.

602. Xanthorrh(ea arborea, B. Br. (Grass Tree.)

a. Portions of the bases of leaves with the resin in situ.

h. The balsamic resin in masses, after fusion by fire.

c. Balsamic resin in tears, fused in sand by the sun's action .

148

602. XANTnoRRn(EA ARBOiiEA, Continued.

(1. Balsamic resin. (Qum Acroides, Botany Bay Besin.)
Note. — SpGcimens a, h, and c were proBonted by Mr. Bowerbank, of
Sydney. The resin is of a bright yellow colour, becoming reddest,
externally, on exposure to air and light, and is known in com-
merce under the name of gum acroides. It has a fragrant odour when
burned, and contains cinnamic acid, together with a little benzoic acid.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 213. It is remarkable for the large
quantity of picric acid it yields when treated with nitric acid. See P. J.
[1] , vol. vi., p. 89. The name acroides is derived from Acroides resini-
fera, the name given by Sprengel to the plant yielding the resin. See
Merat et Be Lens, Diet. Mat. Med., t. vi., p. 970.

603. Xanthorrhcea australis, B. Br.

a. Spike of fruit.

h. Portion of the bases of the leaves, with the resin ad-
hering.

Note. — The specimens a and h were presented by Mr. Bowerbank,
of Sydney.

c. Balsamic resin, massive, after fusion by fire. Presented

by Mr. Rea. {Black Boy Gum.)

d. Balsamic resin in tears, mixed with the fruit. Pre-

sented by Dr. Lindley.
Note. — This resin is of a deep garnet-red colour, and usually occm-s in
tears. It is known in commerce under the name of " black-boy gum." It
is soluble in alcohol, and in the essential oils of the Eucalypti, except
that of E. amygdalina (dandenong peppermint) ; insoluble in tm-pentine,
and very slightly in the drying oils. It contains benzoic and cinnamic
acid. See Catalogue, Victorian Exhib., 1861, Jurors' Report, p. 57 ; also
Fer. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 213.

MBLANTHACE^.

604. ASAGR^A OFFICINALIS, Lindl. ; SCHOENOEAULON OFFICmALE, A.

Gray.

a. Fruit. (Gevadilla Seeds, Sahadilla.)
Note.— The seeds are used chiefly for the preparation of veratria. For
fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 287.

605. COLCHICDM AUTUMNALE, L.

a. The plant in flower, preserved wet. Two specimens.

b. The corm, preserved wet. Two specimens.

c. The corm, dried and sliced.

d. Ditto, powdered.

e. Starch obtained from the corm.

/. Seed. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plaiits, No. 288.
Note -Colchicum blossoms in September, about the same time as
Crocus'sativus, the flower of which it resembles; but it is distingmshed
from the crocus by the leaves not appearing with the flower, and by the
flower having six stamens, the crocus having three stamens only. The
seeds appeal in spring with the leaves. The seed shghtly resembles

149

605. COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE, contintied.

black mustard seed ; but is distinguisbed from it by its larger size, by
not being pungent, and by being very hard. For micr. section of the
corm and fig. of starch, see Berg. Anat. Atlas, taf. xxiv., fig. 59. The
corms lose nearly three-fourths of their weight in drying. They are said
to be most active in autumn, and to preserve their- quaUties better if
dried whole than if sliced. ,PharmacograpMa, p. 637.

606. Veratrum album, L. (White Hellebore.) '

a. Rhizome. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 285.
Note. — This rhizome closely resembles that of Veratrum vMde ; but the
latter has much whiter rootlets, which are usually present. In V. album,
the roots are often absent, either partly or entirely. For micr. section
of root and starch, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. xxi.

607. Yeratum viridb, Ait. (American Hellebore, Indian Poke,

Sivamp Hellebore.)
a. Rhizome.

Note.— The rhizome is ofacial in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia as well as in
the B. Pharmacoposia. It is used as an arterial and nervous sedative.
See Wood and Bache, Bispens., p. 853 ; Pharmacographia, p. 633, This
must not be confounded with Phytolacca decaudra, which is also called
poke. The specimen of V. vii-ide was presented by Dr. E. Cutter, of
Woburn, Massachusetts. See P. J. [2] , vol. iv., p. 134. Green helle-
bore, a name sometimes applied to this drug, belongs properly to HeUe-
borus viridis, a ranunculaceous plant. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 286.

ACORACE^.

608. AcORUS Calamus, L. (Sweet Flag, Biitch, Vassamba.)

a. Rhizome.

b. Ditto. Fine specimen.

c. Ditto, preserved wet.

d. Spadix.

Note. — The rhizome of Iris pseudacorus sometimes occurs mixed with
this drug ; but it may be recognised by its dark colour, astringent taste,
and absence of aroma. Pharmacographia, p. 616. It is used in pot
pourri, and in India as a remedy for infantile diarrhoea. It is an aro-
matic tonic, and is useful in atonic dyspepsia. Per. 3Iat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. i., p. 140. The volatile oil is used in making aromatic vinegar and
for scenting snuff. For micr. section of root, see Berg, Anat. Atlas,
taf. XX. See also Treas. Bot., p. 13. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 279.

609. Symplocarpus fcetidus, Bart.; Dracontidm fcetidum, Big.

(SJcunJc Cabbage.)
a. Root.

Note.— The root has a strong garlic-Kke odour when fresh, hence its
name. It is official in the secondary hst of the U. S. Pharmacopceia,
under the name of di-acontium. It is used as an antispasmodic and
expectorant in asthma. It loses its properties by age. Wood and Bache,
Dispens., p. 855. '

160

PALMACE^.

610. Areca Catechu, L.

fa. Section of trunk, from Ceylon.
h. Fruit. For fig., see Hist, des Drag., vol. ii., p. 132.

c. Seeds. (Areca, or Beiel Nut.)

d. Ditto, carbonised.

e. Extract prepared from the fruit. (Kassu.)

f. Ditto. Presented by Prof. Guibourt.

g. Ditto, from Colombo.

h. Ditto, from Ceylon.

Note.— The seeds sliced are used as a masticatory in India; for
this purpose a slice is powdered over with Ume, and wrapped in a leaf of
Piper Betle, L. The grated seeds are used as a remedy for tapeworm in
dogs, and are given to human beings for the same purpose in India and
China, and now in Britain also. According to Hanbury, areca nuts do not
contain any catechin or crystalline matter. Pereira, however, states that
areca nut catechu contains numerous large crystals. Hence it appears
doubtful if the areca nut catechu of Pereira is really obtained from areca
catechu. Areca nut catechu of Pereira is distinguished by occurring in flat
cncular cakes, two to three inches in diameter, and about two-thirds of
an inch thick, and is usually covered with the glumes of rice, which are
called paddy husks. Compare PharviacograpMa, p. 608, and Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 341. See Beiitl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 276.

611. Calamus Draco, Willd.

a. Resin. (Beed Dragon's Blood.)
h. Ditto, ditto, fine.

c. Ditto, ditto, very old.

Note. — Specimen a is in sticks about fourteen inches long, and is the
Mnd described in Pharmacographia, p. 611. Specimen b is in shorter
sticks, about six to eight inches long. The sticks are wrapped in pahn
leaves, and are secured by the flexible stem of some kind of grass.
Specimen c is a portion of a stick of rather larger diameter. Specimen
a contains about 80 per cent, of matter soluble in spirit of wine.

d. Resin. (Lump Dragon's Blood.)

e. Ditto, ditto. Presented by Mr. Savory.
/. Dragon's blood, in oval masses.

g. Eictitious ditto, in globose pieces. Presented by Mr.
D. Hanbnry.

Note. — The dragon's blood of the Canary Islands is produced by
Draciena Draco, L., which see. The Sumatran di-agon's blood, produced
by Calamus draco, may be distinguished from the other kinds by con-
taining little shell-like scales, and by giving off, when heated on the
point of a knife, irritating fumes of benzoic acid, ^ee Pharmacographia ,
p. 613. Fictitious dragon's blood differs in shape, and in its resin-like
odour when broken. Hist, des Drag., t. ii., p. 139.

612. Ceroxtlon Anwcola, H. B. (Wax Pahn.)

a. Wax, as scraped from the trunk. Presented by Dr.
Lindley.

151

612. Cbroxtlon Andicola, continued.

h. Wax, melted into masses.

Note. — The wax forms a white marble-like coating on the trunk of the
tree. The tree, when cut down and scraped, yields usually about 25 lbs.
See Treas. Bot., p. 258. The wax is hard and somewhat resinous, and
does not seem to become rancid by keeping. Hist, des Drog., t. ii.,
p. 136. It is used in New Granada for making candles.

613. CORYPHA CERIFERA, Arrud. ; COPERNICIA CERIFERA, Mart.

a. Root. (Garnauha Boot.) Presented by Dr. Symes.

h. Wax. (Garnauba Wax, Brazilian Wax, Palm Wax.)

Presented by Dr. Hooker.

Note.— The root possesses diuretic properties, and has lately been
introduced into this country as a substitute for sarsapariUa. See P. J.
[3] , vol. v., pp. 661 and 965. The wax has been used in this country for
making candles. Each tree yields about 4| lbs. of wax. The wax is ob-
tained from the leaves, which are coated with it, by shaking them. See
Treas. Bot., p. 327. The wax is said to approach very nearly to bees-
wax in its chemical constitution. Hist, des Drog., t. ii., p. 136. It
melts at 180° F. Per. Hat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 151.

614. Cocos NuciFERA, L. (Gocoa Nut Palm.)

a. Fruit,, germinating, preserved wet.

h. Ditto. Presented by Mr. L. Hetherington.

c. Oil. (Cocoa-Nut Oil.)

Note.— The fruit is a tryma, the fibrous outer portion of which is used
for making matting, etc., and is known under the name of coir. What
is commonly called the cocoa-nut is the endocarp of the fruit, the edible
portion is the albumen, and the cocoa-nut milk is the Uquor amnios.
The embryo is lodged in a small cavity in the albumen near the soft
hole m the shell. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 150. Cocoa-nut oil
fuses at 70° F. It is used for making floating and marine soaps, which
form a lather with salt water.

616. Elceis Guineensis, Jacq. {Guinea Oil Palm.)
a. Seeds.

h. Farina of seeds.

c. Oil. {Palm Oil.) Two specimens.

Note.— The oil is obtained from the mesocai-p, or fibrous yellow portion,
of the fruit by boiling it in water. Palm oil melts at about 98i° F. It is
used in the manufactm-e of soap, candles, and glycerin, and also forms
an ingredient in the grease used for railway axles. See Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 150.

616. El(EIS melanococca, Gcertn.

a. Fruit, preserved wet.

Note.— This species also yields a portion of the palm oil of commerce
It is probably the specimen aUuded to by Pereira as having been given to
him by Mr. Warington. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 149

J 52

Hyphene Thebaica. (Doum Palm, Gingerlread Tree.)
a. Fruit.

Note.— This palm is remarkable for having a repeatedly forked stem,
Its fruit is said to resemble gingerbread in taste, and the outer portion is
eaten by the poorer classes in Egyi)t. See Treas. Bot., p. 612 ; Bentlev
Man. Bot.,p. 92. "

G18. Phcenix DACTrLiFERA, L. (Date Palm.)
a. Spike of fruit.
h. Sugar obtained from the fruit.
Note.— The crude sugar obtained from this and other palms is known
under the name of jaggery. The long leaves of this palm are probably
the " branches of palm-trees " mentioned in John xii. 13 Treas Bot
p. 877.

619. Phytblbphas macrocarpa, B. et P. (Ivory Plant.)

a. Seeds. (Vegetable Ivonj.)
Note.— The seeds consist in large proportion of a white hard albumen
which, when the fruit is young, forms a clear insipid fluid which soon
becomes milky and sweet, and then hardens into the substance known as
vegetable ivory. Vegetable ivory is used for tops of smelling bottles,
etc.

620. Sagus mv^is, Eumph, and other species. (Spineless Sago

Palm.)

a. Pearl sago. Two specimens.

h. Large sago. (Common, or Brown Sago.)

c. Ditto, bleached.

cl. Sago starch.

Note. — This species is said to yield most of the sago imported into
Europe. Some is, however, obtained from S. Eumphii, Roxb., the
prickly sago palm, or malay. The greatest quantity is procured by
cutting down the tree as soon as the flower spike appears ; a single tree
often yielding 600 lbs. Sago is apparently made by two different pro-
cesses, the starch grains being burst in some samples and not in others.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 145; Treas. Bot., p. 1006. Ficti-
tious sago, sold by grocers under the name of pearl tapioca, is made
from potato starch. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 147. For fig.
of sago starch see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., frontispiece, fig. 7, 8, 9.
It much resembles Tacca starch, but the truncated grains are rather
longer than in that starch. The specimen d is the sample received by
Pereu'a from Cockermouth, Cumberland, under the name of " food for
the people." Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 145.

ARACE^.

621. Caladium bsculbntum, L.

a. Rhizome. Presented by Senor G. J. de Nobrega,
Madeira.

Note. — The rhizome and leaves are sold in the bazaars in Bombay,
and are eaten by the natives. In the West Indies they are called yams,
cocoes, or eddoes. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 676 ; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. i., p. 137.

153

622. Arum maculatum, L. (Lords and Ladies, Guchoopint, Walce

Robin.)

a. Plant, preserved wet.
h. Corms, sliced.

c. Starch prepared from the rhizome. (Portland Arroiv-
root.)

Note.— The rhizome, dried and grated, is used by herbalists as a remedy
for gout. It formerly held a place in the Dublin Pharmacopoeia. The
starch was formerly manufactured at Portland, and is still made there in
smaU quantity, but is not an article of commerce. See P. J. [1] , vol.
xiii., p. 60. A peck of roots yields about 3 lbs. of starch. For fig. of the
starch see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. u., frontispiece, fig. 11.

CYPBRACE^.

623. Ctpekus hexastachys, Bottb. (Mootlia.)

a. Rhizome, from Delhi.
Note.— Thi^ specimen was presented by Dr. Koyle. The rhizome is
used in India for cholera. Nagur Mootha is the rhizome of C. per tenuis,
which is used by Hindoo ladies for cleaning and perfuming their hair.
Treas. Bot., p. 373.

624. Cyperus longus, L. (Siveet Scented Cypenis.)

a. Rhizome.

Note. — The rhizome is now used only in perfumes, it having a violet-
like odour. Formerly it was used as a tonic and stomachic for sweeten-
ing the breath. See Pomet, Diet, of Drugs, p. 36. It contains a bitter
principle. The plant is a native of England, but is very local, occurring
only in the southern counties.

625. Cyperus rotundus, L.

f

\ a. Rhizome.

1 Note. — The rhizome is known in Jamaica under the name of " Adrew."

j The specimen was presented by Dr. D. Maclagan.

I GRAMINACE^.

626. Andropogon citratus, B.C. ; Andropogon schcenanthus, Wall.

(Lemon Gi-ass, Sireh of Java.)

a. Leaves.

b. Volatile oil. (Oil of Verbena, Lemon Gh'ass Oil, Indian

Melissa Oil.)

Note. — The oil receives its name of oil of verbena from its similarity
in odour to the lemon plant, or sweet-scented verbena of the gardens
(Lippia citriodora, H. B. K.). It is imported from Ceylon and Singapore.
The oil made by Winter, of Ceylon, and Fisher, of Singapore, being
esteemed the best. Pharmacographia, p. 660. The Andropogon schce-
nanthus of Linnaeus is another species. See below.

627. Andropogon laniger, Desf. (Sclicenanthus, Squinantlms, Foenum

Camelorxtm, Jiincus Odoratus, Khdvi.)
a. Leaves.

2^oie.— This specimen was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury in 1874.

154

627. Andropoqon laniger, continued.

See Pharmacographia, p. 663. It has an aromatic pungent taste It
was ormerly official in the London Pharmacopoeia, and formed an ingre-
dient in Theriaca and Mithridatium. It was considered to possess
stimulant, vulnerary, diuretic, and emmenagogue properties. See Per
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 135. It is a native of Arabia. For fig of
the plant, etc., see Pomet, Hist, of Drugs, p. 110, fig. 1.

628. Andropogon muricatus, Betz. (Vetiver, Vittie va/yr, Kushus.)

a. Root.

b. Volatile oil.

Note.— The fibrous roots are used in this country to lay in drawers as
a perfume and to keep away moths. In India they are made into
screens for windows and doors, and sprmkled with water to diffuse an
agreeable odour and coolness. The oil is used in perfumery. The root
has been used in medicine for a variety of purposes. See Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 132. Pliarmacographia, p. 663.

629. Andropogon JTardtts, L.

a. Essential oil. (Gitronelle Oil.)

Note.— This grass is cultivated in Ceylon and Singapore, and the best
comes chiefly from the same firms which make the best oil of verbena.
Gitronelle oil is largely used for perfuming honey soap. Pharmaco-
graphia, pp. 660, 661. Gitronelle is the French name for Melissa offici-
nalis, L. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 297.

630. Andropogon Schcenanthtjs, L.

a. Leaves.

b. Volatile oil. (Oil of Ginger Grass, TiorJcish Oil of Gera-

nium, Grass Oil of Nimar or JSTemaur, Busa-ka-tel,
Ixosa Oil, Palma Bosa Oil, Idris Yaghi or Entershah
of Turkey.)

Note. — The oil is largely used for the adulteration of otto of rose. The
otto which is sold in small gilt bottles, often consists of nothing more
than oil of ginger grass. For the purpose of adulteration, it is first
shaken with lemon-juice water and then exposed to sun and air, when its
odour becomes more hke that of the rose. Otto of rose containing much
ginger grass oil will not congeal. See Pharmacographia, pp. 662 and 238.
See also Pelargonium species. Andropogon schoenanthus, L.,is identical
with A. pachnodes, Trin. and A. calamus aromaticus, Royle. A. schoe-
nanthus of Wallich is identical with A. citratus, B.C., and yields oil
of verbena.

631. Arundo Donax, Beauv. (Great Beed.)

a. Rhizome.

Note. — It is said that the heroes of Homer made their arrows of this
reed, and that the tent of Achilles was thatched with its leaves. Treas.
Bot., p. 98.

632. AVENA SATIVA, L.

a. Caryopsides. (Oats.)
h. Ditto crtished. (Embden Go-oats.)
Note. — Oats are generally sold with the two palera attached to the

155

632. AvENA SATiVA, contimied.

grain. Oats yield about 65 per cent, of starch. Oatmeal, if allowed to
get damp, contracts a bitter taste. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., pp. 76-79.
For fig. of starch, see above work, frontispiece, fig. 3. The grains are
more angular than those of wheat, and not lenticular in shape. See
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 292.

633. Bambusa arundinacea, L.

a. Stem. (Bamboo.)
ifote. — For an account of the uses of bamboo, see Treas. Bot., p. 120.
See also Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. xxvi., p. 1.

634. Coix Lachrsma, L.

a. Caryopsides. (JoVs Tears.)
Note. — This specimen was in the International Exhibition of 1851, and
was contributed by Mr. T. B. Duggin, of Berbice, Brit. Guiana. The
grains are said to possess diuretic and tonic properties, Treas. Bot.,
p. 311. They are also used as beads, Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 685, and as a
substitute for pearl barley.

635. Ei.EusiNE CORACANA, Fers.

a. Panicle of fruit. (Natchnee.)
Note. — This grass is cultivated as a corn crop in Japan, and also on
the Coromandel Coast, where it is known imder the name of natchnee.
Treas. Bot., p. 446; Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 685.

G36. HoLcus Sorghum, Pers.

a. Caryopsides. (Indian Millet, Guinea Com, Durra, Jaar,

Turkish Millet.') Presented by Dr.^Daniell.

Note. — This grain is used in this country for feeding poultry. The
stems are used in the manufacture of cai'pet brooms, etc. Bentley, Man.
Bot., p. 686. In many warm countries this grain replaces oats. Treas.
Bot., p. 1074. For fig. of the plant see P. J. [1] , vol. xi., p. 350.

637. HORDEUM DISTICHUM, L.

a. Caryopsides. (Barley.)

h. Ditto, decorticated. (Scotch, hulled, or pot Barley.)

c. Ditto, ditto. (Pearl Barley.)

d. Malt.

Note.— As found in commerce, the grains ai-e usually enclosed in the
pale© or husk. Patent barley simply consists of the ground decorticated
gi-ain. Barley meal contains about 68 per cent, of starch. Scotch barley
consists of the grain with the husk partly removed by a mill. Pearl
barley consists of the grain with aU the integuments removed, and the
seeds rounded and pohshed. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 83. For
fig. of starch, see above work, frontispiece, fig. 2,

Malt is the grain in which about 40 per cent, of the starch is turned
into glucose and dextrine, by the altered proteine or diastase of the seed.
Malt di-ied at 100° F., is pale malt ; at 180° F., amber malt ; at 260° F.,
brown malt. The brown malt is used for flavouring. Boasted or burned
malt is used for colouring porter, etc. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
p. 85. See Bentley and^Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 293.

156

638. OllYZA SATIVA, L.

a. Panicle of fruit. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 291-
h. Caryopsides. (Paddy.)

c. Ditto, decorticated. (GaroUna Bice.)

d. Ditto, ditto. (Bengal Bice.)

e. Ditto, ditto. (Patna Bdce.)

f. Ditto, ditto, ground. (Ground Bice.)

g. Starch. (Bice Starch of commerce.)

h. Ditto. (Orlando Jones's Patent Starch.)

i. Gluten. (Chinese Vermicelli.)

Wo«e.— Eice, while enclosed in the husk or palea), is called by the
Malays paddie;' and when freed from the husk, bras. Eice yields
about 85 per cent, of starch. For the process of making Orlando Jones' -
patent rice starch, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii. , pt. i. , p. 73. Eice starch
is the smallest of all the commercial starches. In shape it resembles
maize, but is very much smaller. For fig. of the starch, see Per. Mat.
Med. , vol. ii. , pt. i. , frontispiece, fig. 6. The Chinese vermicelli is sold
in flat bundles about 5 inches long and 1^ inch broad, and is composed of
a folded filament made of rice paste.

639. Penicillaria spicata, Willd.

a. Spike of inflorescence. (Gaffre Com, or African Millet.)
Note.— 'For fig. of this plant, and a full description of the uses of the
grain, see P. J. [1] , vol. xi. , p. 396. It is a native of the Gold Coast, and
is there used for food. The specimen was presented by Dr. Daniell.

640. Saccharum officdiaeum, L.

a. Culm, or stem. (Sugar Cane.)
h. Ditto, preserved wet.

c. Cane juice.

d. Cane sugar. (Bastards.)

e. Ditto. (Baw Foots.)

f. Ditto. (Unclayed Manilla Suga/r.)

g. Ditto. (Purified ditto.)

h. Ditto. (Sugar Candy.)

i. Slag.

j. Wax from cane juice.
Note. — The specimen/, of unclayed Manilla sugai', was presented by
Mr. W. W. Stoddart. Specimen was presented by Prof. Guibourt, to
whom it was sent by M. Avequin, of Orleans. It appears to be detached
from the canes when crushed in the mill. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii. ,
pt. i., p. 121. It occurs as a glaucous powder, coating the canes, chiefly
those of the violet variety. It is fusible at 180° F. , dissolves in boiling
alcohol, and gelatinizes on cooling. Cane juice contains about 20 per
cent, of sugar. " Muscovado " is a term often applied to raw sugar.
"Bastards" is prepared from molasses and the green syrups. The
coarser brown sugars often contain mites in large numbers, for fig. of
which see P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 396. Molasses is the term applied in
commerce to the drainings from raw sugar, and treacle to the thicker
syrup which has drained from refined sugar in the moulds. Goolei/s

157

640. Saccharum officinarum, continued.

Cyclopcedia, p. 1087. For caramel, saccharum penidium, etc., see
Chemical Collection. See also Per. Mat. Med. , vol. ii. , pt. i., p. 120, etc.
Betitley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 298.

641. Secale cbrbale, L.

a. Cai'yopsides. (Bye.)
i;fote.— The black bread of Eussia and Germany is made from this grain.
Its use is said to cause ergotism, on account of the occurrence of' ergot
more fi-equently in this grain than in others. It yields about 65 per
cent, of starch. For fig. of starch, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., fron-
tispiece, fig. 4.

642. Tritictjm vulgare, L.

a. Caryopsides. (Wheat.)
h. Starch. (Wheat Starch.)

c. Gluten. (Macaroni.)

d. Semolina.

e. Manna croup.

Note. — Semolina and manna croup are granular preparations of wheat
deprived of bran. Wheat yields about 70 per cent, of starch. For fig. of
the starch, see Per. Mat. 3fed., vol. ii., pt. i., frontispiece, fig. 1. Wheat
starch is remarkable for the number of small grains found in it. The larger
gi'ains are round and lenticular, and appear elUptical when seen sideways.
Triticum durum, Kunth, is said to be the species preferred for making
macaroni. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 294.

643. Triticum repens, L. (Couch Grass, Quitch Ch-ass, Dog Grass.)

a. Rhizome.

Note. — A decoction of the rhizome has of late been recommended in
mucous discharge from the bladder. Pharmacograpliia, p. 664 ; Culpep-
per^s Herbal, p. 156.

644. Triticum compositum, L. (Mummy Wheat.)

a. Panicle of fruit.

Note. — This specimen -was grown fi'om seed found in an Egyptian
mummy by Mr. Pettigrew. Presented by Mr. Savory.

645. Zea Mats, L.

a. Spike of fruit.

h. Caryopsides. (Indian Corn, Maize.)
c. Starch.

Note.— The specimen a was grown and presented by Mr. G. Jeynes.
Maize contains about 67 per cent, of starch. Maize meal has been
known under the name of polenta. Most of the "Indian corn flours"
are composed entu'ely of maize starch. The starch is distinguished from
others by being thick and angular. For fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. i., frontispiece, No. 5. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 296.

158

CRYPTOGAMIA.

FILICES.

646. Adiantum Capillus Veneris, L.

a. Pronds. {Maidenhair.)

647. Adiantum pedatpm, L,

a. Fronds. {Canadian Maidenhair.)
_ ^oie.— Maidenhair is mucilaginous, sHghtly astringent, and aromatic •
it IS used in France as a remedy in chronic catarrh. The Canadian
maidenhair is the more aromatic of the two. Sirop de capiUau-e is pre-
pared from the latier plant, with the addition of orange-flower water.
The capiUaire of the shops usuaUy consists of simple syrup, flavoured
with orange-flower water. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 66. For fig..
Hist, des Drog.,i.ii.,^^.^Q.

618. CiBOTiuM Baeometz, Smith.

a. Ehizome, and portion of stipes. {Scythian Lamb.)

Note.— For the curious fable concerning the rhizome of this fern, see
P. J. [1] , vol. xvi., p. 280.

h. Stipes.

0. Ramenta. {Penghawar Djamhi.)

Note.— The ramenta, or sUky hairs covering the base of the stipes, of
this fern, have been used in Germany and Holland as a styptic. It is
imported from Sumatra. See, for fig., P. J. [1] , vol. xvi., p. 502.

649. CiBOTiUM glaucum, Book, and Am.

a. Ramenta. {Pulu.)

Note.— The silky hairs of this fern are imported from the Sandwich
Islands. Pulu is probably produced also by two other species, C. Cha-
missoi, Kaulf., and C. Menziesii, Hook., natives of the same islands.
In 1858, it was exported to the extent of 313,220 lbs. Each plant yields
about two to three ounces. Pulu was supposed by Prof. Archer to be
identical with penghawar djambi, see P. J. [1] , vol. xvi., p. 322. See
also P. J. [2], vol. i., p. 501. By the natives, pulu is used for pU-
lows, etc.

650. DiCKSONiA CHRTSOTRicHA ; Balantium chrtsotrichdm, SassZ:.

a. Stipes.

h. Ramenta. {PaJcoe Kidang.)

Note. — The silky haks, called pakoe kidang, are larger than those of
penghawar djambi, and the cells of which they are composed are shorter
than those of pulu. Pakoe kidang jdelds, according to De Vrij, 6-74 per
cent, of ashes, and penghawar djambi only 1"53 per cent. See, for fig.,
P. J. [2] , vol. i., p. 603. The fern is a native of Java. It has been
sold in Holland under the name of peughawn-r djambi.

I 159

651. Lastejua Filix-mas, Presl. ; Aspidium Filix mas, Swartz. (Male

Fern.)

a. Rhizome.

b. Ethereal extract. (Oil of Male Fern.)

Note. — The rhizomes are distingiaished from the similar ones of
Athyi'ium— Filix fcemina, Lastrtea Oreopteris, and Lastrtea spinulosa, by
the section of the leaf-base showing eight vascular bundles, while in the
other ferns named there are only two. The rhizome yields about 8 per
cent, of ethereal extract. See Pharmacographia, p. 669. See Bentley
and Trimen, Bled. Plants, tab. 300.

652. PoLYPODiuM Calaguala, Bldz.

a. Rhizome.

Note. — The rhizome of this, and other species, is used in Peru as a
diuretic and febrifuge, also in syphilis. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 692. For
fig. of the root, see Hist, des Drag., t. ii., p. 73 ; and Goebel und Kunze,
pt. ii., taf. 11, fig. 2,

LTCOPODIACE^.

653. Ltcopoditjm Clavatum, L.

a. Spores. (Lxjcopodmm, Vegetable Sulphur.)
Note. —The spores are used for rolling pills in ; as a dusting powder for
infants' sores ; for imitation of hghtniug in theatres, by blowing the pow-
der across a jet of flame, and also in fireworks. The spores have a
peculiar structure, by which they can easily be distinguished under the
microscope from all other substances. Pharmacographia, p. 667. For
fig. of spores, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. xhx., fig. 132 ; Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 67. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plaiits, tab. 299.

LICHENBS.

654. Cetearia Islandica, L.

a. Thallus. (Iceland Moss.)
^^o^e.— This foliaceous lichen is indigenous in the north of Britain,
and is easily distinguished by its fronds being minutely fringed. None is
exported from Iceland. It yields 70 per cent, of Hchenin— a substance
resembling starch — which swells up in cold water, and turns blue with io-
dine. Its bitterness may be removed by a solution of carbonate of soda.
Pharmacographia, p. 671. Treated with sulphuric acid, Iceland moss
yields 72 per cent, of glucose. See Bentl. <& Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 302.

655. Cladonia rangifebina, Eoffm.

a. Reindeer moss.
Note.— This fruticulose lichen is common in heathy places. It is used
iu this country chiefly by bird-stuffers for ornamenting the inside of
cases. For fig. of plant, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 21.

656. Gyrophora pustulata, Ach.

a. Thallus.

^^■ote.— Several species are employed as food in the Arctic regions,
under the name of tripe de roche. This species is common on boulders
and subalpine rocks from Devonshu-e to Scotland. It is easily recog-
nised by its mealy appearance, and saucer-shaped, bUstered thallus,
attached only by a central point. It is a foliaceous lichen.

160

657. Gyrophora. vellea, Eoffm.

a. Thallus.

Note.— This is the spocios figured by Pereira in his Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. 1., p. 20, fig. 19, right-haud figure. It is one of those known under the
name of tripe de roohe. It is also found in this country on alpine rocks.

658. Lecanora tartarea, L.

a. Thallu.s.

h. Ditto, prepai'ed.

c. Ditto. (Ground Cudbear.)
Note.— Cndhe&v is made, Uke litmus, by the action of air and am-
moniacal liquor upon the above species and other lichens. The name
cudbear is a corruption of Cuthbert, the christian name of Dr. C. Gor-
don, under whose management it was first manufactured at Leith, in
1777. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 37. Lecanora tartarea is a
crustaceous lichen.

659. Parhelia perl at a, L.

a. Thallus.

Note.— This lichen forms No. 2 quality of Socotra orchella weed. It
is one of the commonest lichens on trees and rocks in this country.

660. Peltigera canina, L.

a. Thallus,

Note.— This foliaceous lichen is sold by herbalists under the name of
ground liverwort, and is used by them for hver complaints. It is very
common in hedge-banks in damp, hOly districts ; and is readily recog-
nised by its grey colour and broad fronds, which are white and fibrous
underneath. It is, however, chiefly imported from Germany. For fig.,
see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 19, fig. 16.

661. ROCCELLA TINCTORIA, D.C.

a. Thallus. (Lima thicJc Orchella Weed.)
Var. j3 Htpomecha, Ach.

a. Thallus with apothecia, f rom the Cape de Verde Islands.

662. RoCCELLA rUCIFORMIS, Ach.

a. Thallus. (Orchella Weed.)

h. Ditto, ditto, with apothecia, from Madagascar.

c. Ditto. (Socotra Orchella Weed, Shennah, no. 1 quahty.)

d. Ditto, from Aden. Presented by Dr. J. Vaughan.

e. Litmus.
/. Orchil.

Note. — Eoccella fuciformis occurs in this country only in the extreme
south of England, as in Devon, Cornwall, Isle of Wight, and Jersey ; but
not in sufficient quantity for commercial purposes. Eoccella tinctoria
does not occur in Britain ; K. phycopsis has usually been mistaken for it.
Specimens b, c, and d consist chiefly of E. Montagnei, which dififers from
E. fuciformis in being flaccid. E. phycopsis is readily distinguished by
its cylindrical branches, dense habit, and the yellow colour of its point
of attachment to the rock. For fig., see Bentley and Trimcn, Med.
Plants, tab. 301. Orchil is made by mixing the powdered orchella weed
with urine, and exposing it to the air. To make litmus, potash, soda, or
lime is added. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 33.

161

663. Sticta p[jLMOifARiA, Aoh. (Lungwort, OaJc Lungs, Hazel Bag,

Hazel Grottles.)
a. Thallus.

Note. — This foliaceous lichen is common in this country on trees
in damp subalpine woods, and is readily recognised by its reticulated
thallus. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., fig. 18. It is sold by her-
balists as a remedy in pulmonary affections. In Siberia, in which coun-
try it appears to be more bitter, it is used as a substitute for hops in
brewing. See also Treas. Bot., p. 1099.

FUNGI.

664. Agaricus campesteis, L.

a. Mycelium. (Mushroom Spawn.)

Note. — The mycelium consists of white branched cottony threads. It
is the vegetative organ of the fungus, the mushroom being the reproduct-
ive organ. True mushrooms are recognised by the flesh turning pink,
not yellow, when injured, and by the gills being pink at first and after-
wai'ds black. The spores are borne upon the gills, and may easily be
collected for the microscope by placing a mushroom upon a piece of
white paper for a few hours, when the spores wiU appear as a dark stain
on the paper.

The mushroom belongs to the natural order Hymenomycetes.

665. Claviceps purpurea, Tulasne.

a. Sclerotium. (Hr got of Bye.) Two specimens.

b. Ditto. (Ergot of Wheat.)

Note. — Sclerotium is the name given to a mycelium when hard and
compact. It consists of minute jointed threads compacted together.
These threads are called hyphae. The sclerotium is the vegetative organ
of the fungus, the reproductive organ of the fungus not being developed
until the succeeding spring. See Pharmacographia, p. 675 ; and for fig.
of the fungus. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i. , p. 105, fig. 68 ; Cooke, British
Fungi, p. 772, fig. 369. This fungus belongs to the natural order
Sphseriacei. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 303. P. J. [3] ,
vol. i., p. 702.

666. Elaphomyces granulatus, Fries.

a. Fungus. (Lycoperdon Nuts, Hart's Truffles, Deer Balls.)
Note.— This fungus, like the truffle, grows entirely underground. It
was formerly used in promoting partuiition and the secretion of milk,
and also as an aphrodisiac. For fig. see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.',
p. 49. The fungus is a native of Britain and is found in dry heathy
ground. This fungus belongs to the natural order Tuberacei.

667. ExiDiA Auricula- JuD^, Fr. ; Hirneola Auricula- Jud^, Berh.

(Jew's Far.)
a. Fungus.

J^'ote.— This specimen was presented by Prof. Batka, of Prague. It
consists in part of Phlebia mesenterica (Auricularia mesenterica. Bull) a
fungus much resembling it in appearance, but forming extended patches
while Jew's ear grows in isolated cup-shaped pieces. Jew's ear grows'
chiefly on elder trees. For fig. see Cooke, Brit. Fungi, vol. i., p. 349.

M

162

667. ExiDiA AuEicuLA-JuDiE (continued).

and for Auricularia mesenterica, p. 319. Other species are often substi-
tuted for it, but may be distinguished by not sweUing up in water nor
becoming gelatinous. Another species of Jew's ear (E. hispidula) is used
in China and Japan as a food, under the name of moghi (tree-ears), and
also in some parts of India. In this country it was formerly used as an
astringent in sore throat ; also like a sponge to apply collyria to the eye.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 52. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 704. This
fungus belongs to the natural order Tremellini. See also Dr. Porter
Smith, Mat. Med. China, p. 99. P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 681,

668. MORCHELLA ESCULENTA, L.

a. Fungus. (Morel.)

Note. — The morel is a native of Britain, occurring in shady woods, but
is imported from the Continent for sale in Covent Garden Market, etc.
It is chiefly used as a flavouring ingredient in cookery. Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 58 ; and for fig. p. 54, fig. 45. This fungus belongs to
the natural order Helvellacei.

669. Mtlitta lapidescbns, Horan. (Garom-pallagum of Travancore.)

a. Fungus. (Lui-hwan of China.)

Note. — This fungus is used in China for worms, several infantile
diseases, and impotency. Its Chinese name, signifying thunder-balls, is
given to it from its asserted power of destroying worms and casting out
devils. Porter Smith, Chinese Mat. Med., p. 154. In Travancore it is
used for urinary complaints. See P. J. [2], vol. ii., p. 546.

670. Pachtma Cocos, Fries.

a. Mycelium. (Indian Bread, Tuclcahoo, Fuh-ling.)

Note. — This substance is similar in appearance to the rhizomes of
Smilax China, but may be distinguished by not containing stauch. It is
white inside, with usually a reddish tinge towards the outside. It is
usually met with in fir plantations, and is often attached to the roots of
the trees. It is said by Porter Smith to be exported to India under the
name of Chob-China. See Porter Smith, Chinese Mat. Med., pp. 165 and
198, art. Smilax. It is composed almost entirely of pectine. It is used
in febrile and dyspeptic complaints and also made into small square
cakes with rice flour, which are sold for food in Hankow. See P. J. [3],
vol. iii., p. 763 ; [2] , vol. iii., p. 421. For fig. of the fuh-hng, see Linn.
Trans., vol. xxiii., p. 94 ; and Journ. Linn. Soc, vol. iii., Bot., p. 102.

671. PoLTPOEtrs FOMENTARius, Fr. (Dingy -Jioof Poly^orus.)
a. Fungus.

h. Ditto, prepared. (Amadou.) Two specimens.

Note.— This fungus is found chiefly on the oak and birch. Amadou is
made by cutting it into slices, and beating it. It is used for corn plaister,
etc., and has the advantage over lint of not losing its elasticity. German
tinder is formed by soaking it in a solution of nitrate of potassium. The
Polyporus belongs to the natural order Polyporei, in which the hyme-
nium, or spore-bearing surface, Unes numerous tubes instead of gills.

163

672. POLYPORUS OFFICINALIS, Fries.

a. Fungus. (White, or Larch, or Female Agaric.)
ifote. — This fungus is a native of the South of Europe and Asia, and
grows upon the larch. It has a bitter acrid taste, and was formerly used
as an emetic and cathartic, and as an anti-sudorific in phthisis. See
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 55. It was formerly an ingredient in
hiera picra. See Pomet, Hist, of Drugs, p. 172.

673. PucciNiA GBAMiNis, Pers. (Corn Mildew.)

a. Fungus.

Note. — This fungus is very common on wheat. It is found on the
stems, etc. It belongs to the natural order Puccinisei.

674. Sphjiria Sinensis, BerJc.

a. Fungus and caterpillar.
Note. — This curious fungus is figured in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
p. 62, and in P. J. [1], ii., p. 591. It is a fungus which grows upon
the larva of a moth, and is said to possess cordial and restorative proper-
ties. It is very scarce ; old and rotten specimens being worth four times
their weight in silver. See P. J. [1], ii., p. 592. A similar fungus is
found in New Zealand on the larva of Hepiolus virescens, Doubleday.
See P. J. [1] , iv., p. 206.

675. Tm^B, JESTUvn, Sihth. ; Tuber cibarium, 6^oiu. (Truffle.)

a. Fungus.

Note. — Trufiles are chiefly used as a flavouring agent for culinary pur-
poses. Truffles grow beneath the surface of the ground in beechwood or
chalky downs, and are hunted for by dogs or pigs trained for the purpose
which find them by the peculiar odour of the fungus. See Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 51. Like many other fungi they have been stated
to possess aphrodisiac properties. They belong to the natural order
Tuberacei.

676. Alsidium helminthocorton, Kutz. ; Plocaria helminthocoeton,

Fndl.

a. Thallus. (Corsican Moss.)

Note. — This seaweed is used in Corsica as a remedy for intestinal
worms, especially ascarides. For fig. of the plant, see Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 17. It belongs to the natural order Ehodomelese.

677. Chondrus crispus, Lyngh.

a. Thallus. (Carragheen Moss, Irish Moss.)
^oie.— Irish moss is often mixed with other species of algro of which
the most frequent are Gigartina mamillosa, J. A., and G. acicularis,
Lamour. G. mamillosa is distinguished by being slightly channelled
towards the base, and by having the fructification in little elevated or
stalked tubercles— that of C. crispus being immersed in the frond, or
scarcely raised above it. G. acicularis has a filiform thallus with 'di-
varicate branches. All, when growing, are of a purplish colour, which
changes during drying into yellowish green or white. Pharmacographia,
p. 681. For fig. see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., pp. 10, 11 ; and Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 305.

680.

16i

678. EUCHEDMA SPINOSA, J. Ag.

a. Tballus. {Agar Agar.)

r.ZT'J'V''^ T^"^^ country under tlK.

name of Agar Agar, and has been used in the form of gelatine for
dressing silks and other textile fabrics. According to Professor Arch^ it
has also been imported under the name of Ceylon Moss. See P J m
vol. xni., pp. 313, 448. It belongs to the natural order Spha^rococcoidei:
6/9. Fucus VEsicuLOsus, L. {Bladder Wrack, Sea Oak, Sea Lettuce )
a. Thallus.

Note.~Thi8 Fucus is distinguished from the other species by the
thaHus having a midrib, and by not being serrate ; also by the numerous
air-bladders m the frond. It is of a blackish brown colour. It was
at one time recommended as a remedy for obesity. P J [2] vol iv
p. 131 ; [2J , vol. viii., p. 616. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 709. It belongs to
the natural order Fucacea. See Bentl. d Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 304.

GiGAETINA MAMMILLOSA, J. Ag. ; ChoNDRUS MAMMILLOSUS, Grev.

a. Thallus.

Note.— This seaweed is a native of this country. It is frequently met
with in commerce intermixed with Chondrus crispus, from which it may
be readily distinguished by the presence of numerous stalked tubercles
scattered over the upper portion of the frond, and by the lower portion
of the frond being channelled. See Pharmacographia, p. 681. For fig.,
see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 11. The plant belongs to the
natui'al order Gigartines.

681. Gracilaria lichenoides, Grev.,- Sph^rococcus lichenoides,
Agardh. ; Plocaria Candida, Nees.
a. Thallus. (Ceylon Moss, Jaffna Moss.)

Note.— This seaweed is used like Carragheen Moss. It is the Agar
Agar Carang of the Malays. For fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
p. 14. See also Pharmacographia, p. 260. It is official in the Indian
Pharmacopoeia. It belongs to the natural order Sphasrococcoidese.

CHEMICAL MUSEUM

Some of the rarer or very expensive chemicals will he found in Case T.
in the Chemical Museum. These specimens are indicated by f.
Those specimens which are placed under shades are marked thus *.

INORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

HYDROGEN". H.

1. Peroxide. Hg Og. (Hydroxijl, Eydric Dioxide.)

a. Commercial specimen.

i^ofe.— This is the ordinary aqueous solution : the old " oxygenated
water."

NITROGEN". K

2. NiTROSTL Chloride. N 0 01. (Ghloronitrous Gas. Monochloride

of Nitrosyl.)

a. Condensed gas, in a hermetically sealed glass tube.

Note.— This specimen was prepared by Dr. Tilden, whose researches
in connection with it are recorded in the Journ. Chem. Sac, 1874, p. 630.

3. Nitrous Anhydride. Nj O3. (Nitrogen Trioxide, Anhydrous Ni-

trous Acid. )

a. Condensed gas, not quite pure.

Note.— This specimen was condensed by means of a freezing mixture
Nitrous anhydride before exposure to the air condenses into a dark blue
hquid, but emits a red vapour which is soluble in the blue liquid This
specimen having been very carefully prepared, is of a blue colour.

4. Nitric Peroxide. NO3. {Nitrogen Tetroxide, Eyponitric Acid,

Nitroso-nitric Anhydride.)

a. Condensed gas, in a hermeticallj sealed .glass tube.

A.^l'"7^?.' 'P^^™'^ condensed by means of a freezing mixture.
At 62 F. this specimen remains a brownish yellow Hquid. Specimens
3 and 4 were presented by Messrs. Hopkin and Williams.

, ^ CARBON. 0.

5. Crystalline.

a. Models of the koh-i-noor and other diamonds.

/•..f ''Tf -^""''^ '^"^^^ in which per.

feet crystals and models of crystalline forms are contained.

166

Carbon.

h. Graphite. (Plumbago, or BlacJc Lead.)

Note.— Thia specimen came from Travancore ; it was presented by Dr.
"Waring.

6. Amorphous.

a. Anthracite. (Stone Goal, Cuhn.)
h. Jet, from Whitby.
■ c. Glance coal. (Metallic Carbon.)

Note. — This kind of carbon is deposited on the inside of gas retorts.

* d. Glance coal, deposited on a burnt -whisp of straw.

Note. — This specimen was deposited from a jet of coal gas at a high
temperature in a coke oven.

* e. Boghead coal. (Torbanite, Torbane Hill Mineral.)

Note. — This specimen was presented by Professor Attfield. It bears
the impression of a Sigillaria. It is a specimen of the mineral from
which parafiSn oil was first obtained for commercial purposes. An ana-
lysis of this specimen by Prof. Attfield, yielded 36 per cent, of crude paraf-
fin oil.

/. Brown coal. (Lignite.)

2^ote. — This specimen came from Germany. It was presented by Prof.
Attfield. According to his analysis, it yields by distillation paraffin oil
at the rate of 60 gallons per ton.

The term Hgnite is sometimes improperly applied to brown coal.
Strictly speaking, lignite is intermediate between wood and brown coal,
being distinguished from all varieties of coal by yielding acetic acid and
acetate of ammonium, instead of an ammoniacal liquor. See Ure, Diet.
Mines, vol. ii., p. 870 ; vol. i., p. 497.

g. Wood charcoal, from willow wood.
Ditto, from acacia wood.

Note.— These specimens illustrate the kind of wood charcoal used for
medicinal purposes, for which woods containing a smaU percentage of
mineral matter are necessary.

h. Animal charcoal. (Bone Black, Carbo Animalis, B.P.)

i. Ditto, purified. (Garbo Animalis Purificatus, B.P.)

7. Bisulphide. C Sg. (Garbonic Disuljphide, Sulpha-carbonic Acid.)

a. Commercial specimen.

b. Purified by digestion with copper filings.

c. Purified, and free from disagreeable odour.

8. DiCHLORiDE. C CI4. (Tetrachloride of Garbo7i, Bichloride of Garbo" ■

Garbonic Ghloride, Per chlorinated Ghloride of Methyl, Per-

cliloroformene.)

a. Pure.

167

CHLORINE. CI.

9. Hydrate. CI5 Hg 0.

a. Preserved ia a hermetically sealed tube,
jf^ofe.— This specimen was prepared and presented by Dr. A. Senier.

10. Pbrchloric Acid. H CI O4.

t a. Dilute acid.

BROMINE. Br.

11. Bromine.

a. Commercial specimen.

IODINE. I.

12. Kelp.

a. Seaweed ash.

fc. Ditto, prepared in Ireland.

13. Iodine.

a. Crude iodine, prepared in Scotland.
h. Ditto, prepared in Chili,
c. Resublimed in crystals.

14. Iodic Acid. H I O4.

t a. In crystals.

FLUORINE. F.

15. SiLico- FLUORIC Acid. 4HFSiF4. (Rydro-fluosiUcic Acid.)

a. Aqueous solution.

SULPHUR. S.

16. Crystalline.

a. Native sulphur in crystals.

Note. — This variety is of frequent occurrence in collections of Indian
drugs.

h. Crystals obtained by sublimation. (Pseudomorpliic
Sulphur.^

Note. — When first prepared these crystals were translucent ; their
opacity is due to their becoming split up internally into minute crystals,
which have the crystalline form of specimen a.

17. Amorphous.

a. Crude sulphur.

Note. — This specimen consists of native sulphur partially purified by
fusion.

b. Sulphur condensed on alum heaps during the com-

bustion of alum shale.

Note. — For alum shale see the central case containing the minerah of
the alkaline metals and of the alkaline earths.

168

Sulphur.

c. Sublimed sulphur, in powder. • (Flowers of Sulphur,

Sulphtr sublimatum, B.P.)

d. Ditto, washed. (Sulphur lotum.)

differs only from specimen c in having been
waslied with water to remove traces of sulphurous or sulphuric acid.

e. Sulphur fused into sticks. (Boll Sulphur, Stone Brim-

stone, Sulphur in rotulis. Sulphur in hacculis.)

f. Sulphur, precipitated. (Sulphur prcecipitatwn, B.F.,

Pure Milk of Sulphur.)

g. Ditto. (Sulphur prceoipitatum, P.L.,17i6, Common if Ilk

of Sulphur.)

Note.-This article was official in the London Pharmacopoeias until
the year 1809, when it was replaced by the pure article represented by
specimen/. Specimen g owes its satiny lustre to mmute crystals of
sulphate of calcium, which it contains in large quantity. See P J [2]
Tol. ix., p. 537.

h. Electro-positive sulphur.

Note.-This specimen was made by precipitating a solution of hypo-
sulphite of sodium with hydrochloric acid. It differs from ordinary
sulphur m being insoluble in bisulphide of carbon, and in being soluble
m bisulphide of potassium ; but this pecuHarity is lost by age.

i. Black sulphur. (Sulphur Vivum, Horse Brimstone.)
Note. — This is a very impure substance.

18. Chloride. SgCIg. (Proto chloride of Sulphur, Bisulphide of

Chlorine, Sulphur Monochloride.)
a. Liquid.

^otc— This specunen is probably a mixture of G\ and S 014.

19. Iodide. S2 \. (Sulphur lodidum, B.P.)

a. Commercial specimen.
A^ofe.— When prepared, this specunen was of a greyish black colour,
but has lost iodine on exposure to the air, and consequently is indefinite
in composition.

20. Hypochloride. (Eijpochlorite of Sulphur.)

a. Powder.

Note.— This is an indefinite compound of chloride of sulphur and
sulphur. It is liable to explode spontaneously. See P.J. [3], vol. viii., p. 38.

21. Sulphurous Anhydride. S O2.

a. Condensed gas in a hermetically sealed glass tube.
Note. — This specimen was condensed by means of a freezing mixtm-e.
It was presented by Messrs. Hopkin and WiUiams.

22. Sulphurous Acid. (Aoidum Sulphurosum. B.P.)

a. Aqueous solution.
Note. — For remarks concerning the manufacture of this acid, see P.
[1], vol. xviii., p. 512.

169

23. Sdlphueic Anhydride. S O3. (Sulphuric Oxide, Trioxide of

Sulphur, Anhydrmis Sulphuric Acid.)

a. In white acicular crystals.
Note.—TUs specimen was presented by Messrs. Hopkin and WiUiams.
24 SuLPHUKic Acid. {Oil of Vitriol, Vitriolic Acid.)

a. Commercial acid, impure. Sp. gr., 1"843.

I. Purified. {Acidum Sulphuricum, B.P.)

c. Glacial sulphuric acid. (Hydrate of Sulphuric Acid.)
Note.— This specimen has a sp. gr. of 1-78. At 47° F. this hydrate

forms large prismatic crystals. Formula S O4 0.

d. Fuming sulphuric acid. (Nordhausen Sulphuric Acid.)

SELENIUM. Se.

25. Metalloid.

t a. Crystalline,
t h. Amorphous.

Note. — Specimen b consists of a medaUion made of amorphous sele-
nium in honour of BerzeUus, the discoverer of this element, and bears
an impression of his bust upon it.

For remarks upon the allotiopism of selenium, see P. J. [1] , vol. xvi.,
p. 169.

26. Selenious Acid. Se O3.

t a. Crystals.

Note. — The red tint of this specimen is- due to the presence of free
selenium. The crystals have deliquesced slightly although efflorescent in
dry au'.

27. Selenic Acid. Hg Se O4.

t a. Liquid.

TELLURIUM. Te.

28. Metalloid.

t cc. In small nodules.

29. Telluride of Bismuth.

t a. Native, in small crystals.

Note. - See also a specimen in the centi'al case, No. 8.

BORON. B.

oO. Metalloid.

t a. Crystals,
t l>- Amorphous.

31. BofiACic Anhydride. B3 O3.

a. Obtained by heating boracic acid.

32. Boracic Acid. H3B O3. (Boric Acid, Homherg's Sedative Salt.)

a. Crude, obtained from the lagoons of Tuscany.

170

BoRACio Acid.

h. Purified by crystallization from alcobol.
c. Ditto, by recrystallization from water.

QQ AT SILICON. Si.

33. Metalloid.

t a. In crystals.

t h. Amorphous. ^

34. Silicic Anhydride. Si 0^. (Silica, Silicic Acid, Silicic Oxide.)

a. Precipitated.

^ Note.— ThiB specimen was obtained by passing gaseous fluoride of
silicon into water.

For various specimens of crystallized silica, see the collection of minerals
in case No. 8, in the centre of the Chemical Museum.

h. Prepared by calcination of flint.

PHOSPHOEUS. P.

35. Cbtstalline.

a. Commercial specimen, fused into sticks.

b. Ditto, coated with white opaque phosphorus.

c. Ditto, ditto, red ditto.

d. Ditto, ditto, black ditto.

36. Amorphous.

a. Commercial specimen. (Bed Amorphous PhospJiorus.)

b. Pure, for medicinal purposes.

c. Impure, partially decomposed into phosphatic acid.

37. Phosphoric Anhydride. Pg Og. (Pentoxide of Phosphorus, Anhy-

drous Phosphoric Acid, Phosphoric Oxide.)
a. Commercial specimen.

38. Phosphoric Acid. H P O3. (Glacial Phosphoric Acid, Metaphos-

phoric Acid.)
a. Commercial specimen.
* I). Very fine specimen, presented by Mr. Morson.

39. Phosphoric Chloride. P CI5. (Pentachloride of Phosphorus,

Perchloride of Phosphorus.)
a. Commercial specimen.

MONAD METALS.

POTASSIUM. K.

40. Metal.

a. Preserved from oxidation in Persian naphtha.

41. Acetate. KCgHgOj. (Poiassm Acetas, P.P., Diuretic Salf.)

a. In fused masses.

42. Bin-antimoniate. K4 Sbg O7. (Calx Antimonialis.)

a. Powder.

171

43 Potassium Aksenite. KH^AsOs- (Potassiu^ Binarseniate,
Potassium Bihydric Arseniate, Macqueer s bait.)
a. Crystals.

44. BOEOTAKTBATE.

a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.

45. Bromide. KBr.

a. Crystals, a commercial specimen.
I. Ditto, deliquescent.

c. Ditto, in the form of small cubes.

d. Ditto, in large opaque cubes.

e. Ditto, in hollow tetrahedrons.

/. Ditto, in large crystals. Presented by Messrs. Atkinson
& Co.

* g. A mass of fine crystals. Presented by Messrs. Hopkan
& Williams.

2^ote.— Specimen b probably owes its deliquescent character to the
presence of carbonate of potassium. Specimens c and d probably contain
some iodide of potassium, since specimens of the bromide containing that
salt usually form finer crystals. See P. J. [1], vol. xvii., p. 2o9.

4G. Carbonate. KoCOg.

a. Impure. (Pearlash.)

I. Purified. {Salt of Tartar, Salt of Wormwood, Sulcar-
honate of Potash.)
c. Deliquesced. (Oil of Tartar per deliquium.)
47. Bicarbonate. K H C O3. (Hydric Potassic Carhonate, Acid
Garhonate of Potassium.)
a. Crystals, commercial specimen.
6. Ditto, fine specimen.
2^o^e.— For fig. of crystal, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 496. Watts,
Diet. Chem., vol. i., p. 792.

4S. Chlorate. KCIO3. (Oxymunate of Potash, Kali Chlorinicum,
Ph. Ger.)

a. Crystals, commercial specimen.
h. Ditto, tine specimen,
c. Ditto, chemically pure.
Note. — For fig. of crystal, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 511.

49. Perchlorate. K CI O4.

a. Crystals.

Note. — These crystals are different in shape from those of the chlorate.
See Gmelin, Chemistry, vol. ui., p. 62; and for fig., vol. i., pt. i., figs.
53, 54.

50. Chloride. KCl. {Muriate of Potash, Febrifuge or Digestive Salt

of Sylvius, Diuretic Sal Ammoniac, Regenerated Sea Salt.)

172

Potassium Chloride.

a. Native. (OarnalUte.)

b. Pure, prepared from kelp.

aniltw ""'T^ ""^"^^ it« flesl^ colour. For

analysis of it, see Dana, Mineralogij, p. 118

51. Ghromate. K.CrO,. (Yellow Ghromate of Potash, Salt of

Chrome, Neutral or Monochroviate of Potassium.)

a. Crystals.

b. In coarse powder.

^^t:lz::;!::::. '"'^'''-'^ ^- - ^-

52. Bichromate. K.CrO.CrOs. Ghronvate of Potash, Acid

Ghromate of Potassium, Potassic Bichromate.)

a. Crystals, a commercial specimen, not quite pure.

h. Ditto, pure.

* c.

A fine mass of crystals, presented by Mr. Greenhough.

53. Citrate. Kg C^ 0^. (Tribasic or Neutral Gitrate of Potash,

Sal Absinthii Gitratum.)

a. Granular Powder (Potassce Gitras, P.P.)

b. Crystals.

54. Cyanide. KCy.

a. Fused, impure.

b. Ditto, purified.

c. Crystals.

55. Ferrate. Kg Fe 0^.

a. Impure, amorphous.

56. Ferrictanide. Kg Fcg Cy^g. {Bed Prussiate of Potash, Ferri-

cyanuret of Potassium.)

a. Crystals.

b. Ditto, coated with Prussian blue.

Note.— The coating of Prussian blue was probably caused by exposure
of the crystals to sunlight while they were still damp. For fig. of crystal
see Gmelin, Chemistry, vol. i., pt. i., fig. 66 ; and vol. vii., p. 470.

57. Ferroctanide. K^ Fe Cyg.

a. Commercial specimen.

b. Columnar mass of large crystals.

Note. —Specimen b was presented by Mr. Eeid, m October, 1842. For
fig. of the crystal, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 532, fig. 85, and wooden
model in the central case in this Museum.

58. Htdrargyro-cyanide. K3 Hg Cy^^.

a. Crystals.

59. Hydkargyro-iodide. 2(K I Hgig) 3H3 0.

a. Crystals. (lodo-Hydrargyrate of Potassium.)

173

GO. Potassium Iodide. K I. (Hydriodate of Potash.)

a. Pure, in prismatic crystals. •
I. Ditto, in opaque cubes.

c. A mass of large crystals, presented by Messrs. G.

Atkinson & Co.

iVoie.— Specimens a and c have a yellowish tinge, from the presence of
free iodine. A little carbonate of potassium, when present, prevents
discoloration, which always takes place when the pure iodide is exposed
to hght. See P. J. [3] , vol. iv., p. 669. Specimen b owes its opacity to
excess of acid. See Note hy Mr. Southall, P. J., I. c.

61. lODATE. K I O3.

a. Crystals, freed from iodide by alcohol,

62. Manganate. K2 Mn O4.

a. Fused. (Chameleon Mineral.)

63. Permanganate. Ko Mho Og.

a. Crystals, a commercial specimen.

h. Ditto, pure, prepared by Mr. Siebold.

Jv'ote.— For the method by which specimen b was prepared see P T
[3] , vol. vi., p. 441.

64. Nitrate. K N O3. (Nitre, Saltpetre, Prismatic Nitre.)

a. Crude.

h. A commercial specimen,
c. Pure.
* d. Very large crystals.

e. Fused, in flat circular calces. (Sal Prunella, Crystal

Mineral, Nitmm Tahulatum,. )

f. Ditto, in small globes. (Sal Prunella Balls.)
Note.-Speomxen c is the kind used in the preparation of gunpowder

for the manufacture of which it must be very pure. For fie of fbl
crystals, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 540,

65. Nitrite, KN Og.

a. Fused, impure.
h. Purified by solution in alcohol,
2^ote.— Specimen a probably contains some nitrate.

66. OSMIATE. K2OSO4, 2H2O.

t a. In powder.

67. Oxalate. KgCgO^, 2H2O.

a. Crystals.

08. B,noxal.t.^I:HC,0„2 H,0. (Dlo.alate of Pot^siu.,, Kpo.
tassic Oxalate, Salt of Sorrel.) ^
a. Crystals.

Note.— This is the salt found in wood snrrtA (n-mi- a

174

69. Potassium Quadroxalate. KHC20.t,H2Co04,2H20. (Tdrox.

alate of Potassium, Salt of Sorrel, Sal Acetosella, Essential
Salt of Lemons.)
a. Crystals.

70. Sulphate. Kg S 0^. (Sal Polychrest, Sal de Duobus, Kali

vitn'olatum.)

a. Crude, obtained from. kelp.

h. Purified.

c. In small crystals.

Note. — For fig. of crystals, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 503, figs.
78-80.

71. BisuLPHATE. KHSO4. (Acid Suljjhate of Potassium, Eydric

Potassic Sulphate.)

a. Fused. (Sal Enixon.)

b. In acicular crystals. (Anhydrous Bisulphate of Potash.)

c. In flattened rhombic crystals.

Note. — Specimen b consists of crystals -which, if left in their mother-
liquor, disappear and give place to crystals like those of specimen c.
Fownes, Chemistry, p. 326.

72. Sulphide. (Sulphuret of Potassium, Hepar Sulphuris, Liver oj

Sulphur.)

a. Fused.

b. Ditto, oxidized and deliquesced.

Note. — This substance is not a definite chemical compound, but con-
sists in variable proportion of the sulphides with sulphate and thiosul-
phate of potassium. See Fownes, Chemistry, p. 327.

73. MONOSULPHIDE. Kj S.

a. Crystals.

^ote. — This salt is probably not a pure monoaulphide. See Fownes,
Chemistry, p. 326.

74. SuLPHOCARBOLATE. K Cg S O4. (Sulfhopheuate of Potassium.)

a. Crystals.

75. Sdlphoctanide. K Cy S. (Sulphocyanide of Potassium.)

a. Crystals.

76. Tartrate. K2C4H.1Og. (Neutral Tartar, Soluble Tartar, Kali

Tartarizatum, Bibasic Tartrate of Potash, Sal Veyetabile.)

a. Crystals.

b. Granular powder.

Note.—FoT fig. of crystal, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 549, fig. 89.

77. "RiTARTRATE. K H C4 Og. (Acid Tartrate of Potash.)

a. Crystals, impure. (Crude Argol.)

b. Ditto, recrystallized. (White Argol.)

c. Powder. (Cream of Tartar.)

175

SODIUM. Na.

78. Metallic.

a. In pellets, preseryed from oxidation in Persian naphtha.
I. Fused, in a hermetically sealed glass tube.

•

79. Acetate. Na Cg H3 Og, SHg 0.

a. Impure, in large crystals.

1). Pure, in crystals.

c. Pure, in acicular crystals.
2Jote. — Specimen c closely resembles the sulphates of zinc and mag-
nesium in appearance. For peculiarities in the crystallization of this
salt, see Gerhardt, Chemistry, vol. i., p. 11.

80. Antimoniate. ISTag Hg Sbg O7, 6H3O. (Metantimoniate of

Sodhtm.)
a. Powder.

81. Arsenate. Nag H As O4, 12H2 0. (Arsenate of Sodium, Disodic

Arsenate.)

a. Crude.

b. Pure, in crystals. (Sodce Arsenias, B. P.)

c. Ditto, dried at 300° F.

Note. — This salt also crystallizes with seven molecules of water of
hydration. When effloresced it also retains seven equivalents of water.
See Attfield, Chemistry, p. 181 ; Fownes, Chemistry, p. 483. Specimen c
is the form in which the salt is directed to be used in the British Phar-
macopeia in order to secure uniformity of strength in the liquor sodte
arsenitis.

82. BiBORATE. NagB^Oy, lOHg 0 ; possibly a double Metaborate,

2Na B Oo, 2H B Og, QHg 0.

a. Native. (Tincal.)

h. Pure, in crystals. (Prismatic Borax.)

c. Pure, in crystals. (Octahedral Borax.)

Note. — Specimen c contains less water of crystallization than specimen
b, and is crystallized in a di£ferent form. See Watts, Diet. Chem., vol. i.,
p. 647. For fig. of crystal, see Royle, Mat. Med., p. 158.

83. Carbonate. Nag C O3, lOHg 0. (Soda, Washing Soda, Salt of

Soda.)

a. Impure. (Barilla, Scotch Soda.)

Note.—B&TiHa, is the ash left after the incineration of Salsola soda and
other maritime plants.

The following specimens illustrate the manufacture of Car-
bonate OF Sodium from common salt. See Fownes,
Chemistry, p. 333.

a. Black ash.

h. Eesiduum after lixiviating black ash.

176

Sodium Carbonate.

c. Soda ash, or British alkali. (Anhydrous Carbonate of

Sodium.)

d. Ditto, gi'OTind.

e. Ditto, purified.
/. Yellow alkali.

g. Carbonate of sodium in crystals, purified.

h. Ditto, exsiccated.

Note.—FoT fig. of crystal, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. 1, p. 560 ; Phillipt,
Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 359.

84. Sesquicarbonate.

t a. Native. (Natron, Trona.)
Note. — This mineral is the nitre of Scripture spoken of in Prov.
XXV. 20. The word translated nitre, should have been rendered natron.

85. Bicarbonate. Na H C O3. (Hydric Sodlc Carbonate. Acid

Carbonate of Sodium.)

a. Efflorescence from Carbonate of Sodium.

b. Pure.

c. Ditto. B. P., 1864.

* d. Fine specimen of crystals of the carbonate, coated with

an efflorescence of bicarbonate.

Note. — Specimen d will be found in the central window ledge of the
Chemical Museum,.

86. Chlorate. NaClOg.

a. Pure, in crystals.

87. Chloride. Na CI. (Common S'lU, Muriate of Soda.)

a. Native. (Bock Salt, Sal Gemmce, Sal Fossilis.)

* b. Ditto, fine specimen.

c. In hard cubical crystals. (British Bay Salt.)

d. In minute crystals. (Table Salt, Culinary Salt.)

e. In hollow pyramidal crystals. (Maldon Salt.)

f. In crystalline masses. (Bay Salt, Sal Marinus, Sal

Niger.)

g. In crystalline powder, prepared from kelp.

]<lQte. — Specimen e consists of crystals which form on the siu-face of the
brine during evaporation, the apex of the pyramid being first formed.
Some tolerably perfect specimens of these crystals may be seen in the
case containing the glass models of crystalline forms (Case 9). See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 586. Specimen c was obtained by slow evaporation,
and specimen d by rapid evaporation of the brine of brine springs.
Specimen / was made from sea water.

88. Hydrate. NaHO. (Caustic Soda.)

a. Crude, in tabular pieces.

b. Purified.

c. Pare, from Sodium.

177

89. Sodium Hypophosphite. NaPHgOg.

a. In granular powder.

90. Hyposulphate. Nag Og. (Bitliionate of Sodium.)

a. Crystals.

91. Hyposulphite. I^'ag Sg Og, SHg 0. (Thiosulphate of Sodium,

Sttlpliosulphate of Sodium,, Antichlor.)

a. Crystals, a commercial specimen,

h. Ditto, purified. {Hyposulphite of Soda, B. P.)

92. Lactate. NaHCgH^Og.

a. In semi-crystalline, mamillated pieces.

93. Nitrate. NalSTOg. (Cubic Nitre, Ghili Saltpetre.)

a. Native. (Caliche.)
h. Impure, in crystals,
c. Pure ditto.
Note. — Specimen a came from Peru. See P. J. [3] , vol. ^a., p. 264.

94. Nitrite. NaNOg."

a. Impure, fused.
Note. — This salt is rarely free from nitrate.

95. NiTRO-PRussiDE. Nag (N 0) Fe Cyg, 0. (Nitro-ferrocxjanide of

Sodium.)
a. Crystals.
Note. — See Fownes, Chemistry, p. 855.

96. Oxide. Nag 0. (Sodium Monoxide, Anhydrous Soda.)

a. Anhydrous, made from sodium.

97. Phosphate. Nag H P 0^, 12Hg 0. (Trihasic Phosphate of Soda,

Disodic Orthophosphate.)

a. Crystals.

6. In larger crystals.

Note. — Specimen b contains some siUphate and carbonate. Crystals
containing these impurities are generally lai-ger than those of the pure
salt. For fig. of crystal, see Phillips, Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 362.

98. Ammonio-phosphate. Na (N H^) H P O4, 4Hg 0. (Microcosviic

Salt, Phosphorous Salt, Sodium, Ammonitim, and Hydrogen

Phosphate.)

a. Crystals.

99. Pyrophosphate. Na^, Pg O7, lOHg 0.

a. Granular powder. (Tetrasodic Pyrophosphate.)
h. Crystals.

100. Silicate. (Soluble Glass, Water Glass.)

a. Crude, in a fused mass.
h. Pure.

Note. — This suhstance varies in composition.

N

I

178

101. Sodium Stagnate. Nag Sn O3, SHg 0.

a. Crystals.

102. Sulphate. Nag S O4, lOffg 0. (Glauber's Salt, Sal Mirahlle.)

a. Native.

h. Pure, in crystals.

c. Ditto, effloresced.

Note.— Fox fig. of crystal, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 579 ; Phillip
Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 365.

103. Sulphite. NagSOg, 7H2O.

a. Crystals.

104. Bisulphite. Na H S O3.

a. Crystals.

105. Sulphocarbolatb. NaCgHjSO^. (Suljjhophenate of Sodiwn.)

a. Crystals.

106. Sulphovinate. Na C2 Hj S O4. (Sulphoethylate of Sodium.)

a. Powder.

107. Tartrate. Nag C4 Og, 2H2 0.

a. Crystals.

108. Bitartrate. NaH C4 Og, 0. (Acid Tartrate of Sodium.)

a. Crystals.

109. Potassio-Tartrate. K Na C^ Og, 4H3 0. • (Eochelle Sail,

Seignette Salt.)

a. Crystals. 1st crystallization.
h. Ditto. 2nd ditto.

c. Ditto. 3rd ditto.

d. Ditto. 4th ditto.

Note. — The majority of these crystals are only half crystals of the
typical form. Some tolerably perfect crystals will he found in the case
containing glass models of crystals (Case 9). For fig. of crystals, see Per.
Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 598; Phillips, Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 364. Tht-
above specimens a, h, illustrate the manufacture of Kochelle salt frow
argol.

110. TUNGSTATE. Na 2W 0.^.

a. Impure.

b. Pure, in crystals.

Note. — These specimens consist of the normal salt.

111. Valerianate. NaCgHgOo.

a. In white crystalline pieces.

AMMONIUM. N B.^.

112. Acetate. NHjCaHsO,.

a. Crystals.

179

113. Ammonium Benzoate. IST H^^ H5 O.3.

a. Crystallized.

114. Bromide. ISTH^Br.

a. Crystallized, pure.

115. Carbonate. N^HigCgOg. (Sesquicarlonate of Ammonium,

Smelling Salts, Volatile Salt, Salt of Hartshorn.)
a. In crystalline lumps, impure.
h. Ditto, purified.

c. Impure solution, prepared from the destructive distilla-

tion of bones.

d. Ditto, from coal gas.

Note.— This salt is never very definite in composition, but always con-
tains varying proportions of carbonic acid and ammonia.

116. Bicarbonate. iJ^H^HCOg.

a. In crystalline masses.
6. In powder.

117. Chloride. NH^Cl. (Hydrochlorate of Ammonia, Sal Am-

moniac, Muriate of Ammonia.)
a. In crystalline masses.
6. In crystalline powder.
J/o«e.— Specimen h was obtained by evaporating a solution with con-
stant stin-ing,

18. MOLTBDATE. (NHJgMoO^. (Neutral Molybdate of Am-

. monium.)
a. In crystalline powder.

Note. — This specimen was examined by Mr. N. T. Carrington, and was
found to be the neutral salt, the salt usually found in commerce being
the acid salt, N H4 H Mo 0^. See P. J. [3] , vol. v., pp. 362, 376. The
specimen in the Museum is the one alluded to by Mr. Davies on p. 375.

19. Nitrate. INTH^lSrOg. (Niirum Flammans, Nitrum Semi-

volatile.)
a. Crystals.

h. Ditto, a very fine specimen, presented by Messrs.
Hopkin & Williams.
Note. — Specimen a is opaque, from having been dried at a temperature
of 300° F. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 471.

20. Oxalate. (N B.^)^ Cg O4, 2(H2 0).

a. In acicular crystals.

121. Phosphate (^114)2 HP 0.^,. (Diammonic Phosphate, Neutral
Phosphate of Ammonium.)
a. In tabular crystals.
Note. — This specimen has an alkaline reaction.

180

122. Ammonium Sdlphatb (NHJ^ S 0,. {Oxysulpldde of Ammo-

nium, Normal Sulphate of Ammonium, Glacier's Secret Sal
Ammoniac.^

a. Crystallized, impure.
h. Ditto, ditto,
c. Ditto, purified.

i*/ote.— Specimen a was obtained from the ammoniacal liquor formed
during the destructive distiUation of bones; spechnen b, from the am-
moniacal hquor obtained in the process of purifying coal gas.

123. SuLPHOCARBOLATE. If Cg S 0^. (Sulphophenate of Am-

monium. )

a. Crystallized.

124. SuLPHOCTANiDE. N" Cy S. (Sulphocyanate of Ammonium.)

a. In yellow crystals.

Note.— This specimen is impure, the colour being probably due to the
presence of mellone, which is formed by decomposition of the salt.

125. Valerianate. NH^CgHgOg. (Valerate of Ammonium.)

a. A deliquescent crystalline mass.

LITHIUM. L.

126. Metal.

t a. Preserved in Persian naphtha. .

127. Carbonate. Lg C O3.

a. Amorphous, in powder,

128. Citrate. LgCeHgOy.

a. In crystalline masses.

CESIUM. Cs.

129. Chloride. Cs CI.

t a. Crystallized.

RUBIDIUM. Rb.

130. Chloride. RbCl.

t a. Crystallized.

SILVER, OR ARGENTUM. Ag.

131. Metallic.

t a. Beaten into very thin sheets. (Silver Leaf.)
t &. Pure, in small pieces.

132. Chromate. AggCrO^CrOg. (Acid Chromate of Silver.)

t a. Dark-brown crystalline powder.

183. Nitrate. AgNOg.
t a. Crystals.

181

Silver Nitrate.

t b. Fused, in sticks.

Note.— The crystals much resemble those of potassic chlorate in
appearance, but are more transparent and heavier.

134. Oxide. Ag^ 0. (Argentic Oxide, Monoxide of Silver.)

t a. Brown powder.

DYAD METALS.

BARIUM. Ba.

135. Carbonate. Ba C Og.

a. I^ative. (Witherite.)

b. In powder, impure, precipitated by soda.

c. Ditto, purified, precipitated by ammonia.

136. Chlorate. Ba2C103,H2 0.

a. Crystallized.

137. Chloride. BaClg, SHgO.

a. Crystallized, impure.

b. Ditto, purified.

138. Ferrate. BaFe04.

a. In powder of a purplish red colour.
Note. — This specimen was prepared by Professor Redwood.

139. Nitrate. Ba 2]Sr O3, SHg 0. (Nitrate of Baryta.)

a. Crystallized, impure.

b. Ditto, purified.

140. Oxide. Ba 0. (Monoxide of Barium.)

a. Anhydrous, in powder.

b. Hydrated in crystals, BaHgOg. (Hydrate of Baryta.)

141. Peroxide. Ba O3. (Dioxide of Barium.)

a. In powder.

142. Sulphate. Ba S 0^.

a. Native. (Heavy Spar, Barytes.)

b. Precipitated. (Blanc Fixe.)

Note. — Specimen b represents the form in which sulphate of barium is
used as a substitute for white lead in paint.

STRONTIUM. Sr.

143. Carbonate. Sr C O3.

a. Native, in crystallized masses. (Strontiatdte.)
h. In powder, precipitated by ammonia.

144. Chloride. SrClg. (Muriate of Strontia.)

a. Crystallized.

145. Nitrate. Sr 2NO3, 5H2 0.

a. Crystallized.

b. Exsiccated, as used by pyrotechnists.

182

146. Strontium Oxide. SrO.

a. Anhydrous, prepared from the nitrate by heat.
I. Plydrated, in crystals. Sr Hg Og, SHo 0.

147. Sulphate. Sr S 0^.

a. Native, in crystalline masses. (Celestine.)

CALCIUM. Ca.

148. Acetate. Ca (023302)2-

a. Impure, obtained in the manufacture of acetic acid from

the destructive distillation of wood.
h. Purified.

149. Borate.

a. Native, in crystalline nodules. {Sayescine, Borocalcife,

Hydrohorocalcite. )

Note. — This specimen came from Singapore. It also contains some
borate of sodium. See Amer. Joum. Sc., vol. xlvi., p. 377 ; vol. xlvii.
p. 215, 1846 ; Dana, Mineralogy, p. 599.

150. Buttrate. Ca(C4H7 02)2-

a. In amorphous masses, impure.
h. Crystallized, pure.

151. Carbonate. CaCOg.

a. Native. ( White Marhle.)
h. Ditto. (Blach Marble.)

c. Ditto. (Ghalh.)

d. Ditto, ditto, prepared by elutriation. (Prepared Chalk,
, Greta prceparata, B.P.)

e. Ditto, prepared in China.

/. Ditto, precipitated from the chloride of calcium. (Pre-
cipitated Chalk.)

g. Ditto, in crystalline povrder.

^o(e._Specimen 17 is a heavier powder than specimen /, and was pre-
pared by using concentrated solutions, and allowing the precipitate to
remain for some time in the mother-liquor.

152. Sodio-Carbonate.

a. Native. (Oay Lussite.)
I^ote.— Fox analysis, see Ann. Ch. Phys., vol. xxxi., p. 270 ; and Dana,
Mineralogy, p. 706.

153. Chloride. CaClj.

a. Anhydi'ous, impure.

h. Ditto, pure, dried at 400° F. (Calcii Chloridum, B.P.)

c. Crystallized.

d. Fused, pure.

183

154 Calcium Citrate. Ca C, Hg O7, Hg 0. (Gitrate of Lime.)
a. Anhydrous.

155. Hypochlorite. Ca CI2 + Ca Clg O2. {Ghloride of Lime, Chlo-

rinated Lime, Calx Chlorata, B.F.)
a. In powder.

2^o«e.— The chemical composition of this substance varies with age
and exposure to the atmosphere.

156. Htpophosphite. Ca 2H P Og.

a. Granular powder.

157. Lactate. Ca (C3 H5 03)2, 5H3 0.

a. In powder.

fc. In mamillated crusts.

158. Malate. CaC^H^Os-

a. In powder,

159. Acid Malate. Ca C^ 0^, C^ Hg O5.

ex. Crystallized.

160. Oxide. CaO.

a. Anhydrous, in amorphous masses. (Qaichlime.)
J). Hydrated, in powder. Ca Hg O2. (Slacked Lime.)

161. Phosphate. Ca3 2P04.

a. In powder, impure. (Bone Earth.)
Note. — This specimen contains some carbonate of calcium.

I. In powder, freed from carbonate. (Galcis Fho.<<phaSf
B.P.)

162. Phosphide. Caj Pj. (Phosphuret of Galcium.)

a. Amorphous.

163. Sulphate. Ca S 0^.

a. Native. (Gi/psum.)

h. Ditto, dried at 228° F. (Plaster of Paris,)
Note. — For Selenite, Satin Spar, and otlier minerals containing calcic
sulphate, see the central case containing minerals [Case No. 8).

16i. Sulphocarbolate. Ca (Cg Hg S 04)3. (Snlplwplienate of
Galcium.)
a. Crystals,
t h. Very perfect crystals.

Note. — Specimen h, consisting of doubly oblique prisms, was prepared
by Mr. T. H. Hustwick. It will he found in the collection of perfect crys-
tals in the central case containing glass models of crystals {Case No. 9).

165. Tartrate. CaC^H^Og.
a. In powder.

184

,^ ALUMINIUM. Al.

lot). Mktallic.

a. In the form of sheet and wire.

167. Chloride. AlgClg.

a. Anhydrous, pure.

168. Oxide. A\0^.

a. Anhydrous, pure.
h. Hydrated, pure.

c. Native. (Gorundum.)

d. Files made of corundum.

e. Ditto, (Emery.)

169. Sulphate. Alg 3S O4, PHg 0.

a. Commercial, impure.
h. Pure.

c. Crystals formed on an alum heap during combustion.

170. Ammonio-sulphatb. Alg 3S O4, (N HJ^ S O4, 0.

a. Crystallized. (Ammonia Alum.)

* A large mass of fine crystals. (Presented by Messrs.

Hopkin & Williams.)

Note.— Specimen b will be found in a special glass stand in the north
window of this Museum. For perfect crystals, see specimens in Case No. 9.

171. POTASSIO-SULPHATE. Alg 3S O4, Kg S O4, 2'^^ 0.

a. Crystallized. (Potash Alum.)

I). Ditto, coloured with Armenian bole. (Commercial Boche
Alum.)

c. Ditto. (True Boche Alum, Alum Bujpellum, Boman
Alum.)

Note. — The name Eoman Alum, is also applied to a white variety. See
Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 664. On the same page mil be found a figtu-e
of the crystalline form of alum. In specimen c, the colouring is seen to
form part of the substance of the crystals, while it is only external, and
easily removed by washing in specimen b.

GLUCINUM, OR BERYLLIUM. Be.

172. Carbonate. BeCOg.

t a- In powder.

173. Oxide. Be 0.

t a. In powder.

174. Silicate. BcgSiO^.

a. In powder. (Limoges Beryl.)

CERIUM. Ce.

175. Metallic.

t a. Small nodules.

185

17G. Cerium Nitrate, Ce.2N03.
a. Crystallized.

177. Oxalate. Ce Cg 0^, SHg 0. {Cerii Oxalas, B.P.)

a. Powder.

LAISTTHANIUM. La.

178. Sulphate. La S 0^, SHg 0.

t a. Crystalline powder.

DIDTMIUM. Di.

179. Sulphate. Di S O4, 2H3 0.

t a. Crystalline Powder.

MAGNESIUM. Mg.

180. Metallic.

a. In the form of wire and ribbon.

181. Carbonate. (Mg C 03)3 Mg 0, 6H2 0. (B.P.)

a. In powder. (Light Carbonate of Magnesia.)
h. Ditto. (Heavy Carbonate of Magnesia.)

c. In cubes.

d. In crystals, having the composition Mg C O3, SHg 0.
Note. — Specimen d consists of crystals deposited from a solution of the

acid carbonate.' For fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 654. The com-
position of magnesic carbonate in powder is not constant.

* e. Native, a fine specimen, presented by Messrs. Huskis-
son & Co.

Note. — For analysis, etc., see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 685. For specimens
of Dolomite {native calcic carbonate of magnesium), see the central case
containing minerals {Case No. 8).

182. Chloride. MgCTj.

a. Anhydrous, as used for preparing magnesium.

b. . Crystallized, impure.

c. Ditto, purified.

d. Ditto, fused.

133. Lactate. Mg (C3 H5 03)3, 2H2 0.
a. In powder.

184. Oxide. MgO.

a. In powder. (Light Magnesia, B.P., Light Calcined

Magnesia.)

b. Ditto. (Magnesia, B.F., Heavy Calcined Magnesia.)

185. Silicate.

a. Native, prepared for use in trade.

b. Ditto, in powder.

^ Note.— For native .specimen of this substance, and other juinerals contain-
ing magnesic silicate, see the central case containing minerals {Case No. 9).

186

186. Magnesium Sulphate. Mg S O4, 7E^ 0.

a. Crystallized, in large crystals.

h. Ditto, in small acicular crystals, impure. (Epsom Salt.)

c.^ Ditto, purified. (Refined Epsom Salt.)
i^o«e.— Specimen a much resembles in appearance ordinary commercial
specimens of oxalic acid. For fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 650 ;
Phillips, Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 327.

187. Sulphite. Mg S Og.

a. Crystallized.

188. SuLPHOCARBOLATE. Mg (C^ Hg S OJg- (SulpliopUnate ofMag-

nesium.)

a. Crystallized.

ZINC. Zn.

189. Metallic.

a. Granulated.

b. Powdered.

190. Acetate. ZnCgHgOg.

a. Commercial specimen.

h. Long well-formed large crystals.

191. Benzoa^e. Zn2C7H5 02.

a. Acicnlar crystals.

Note. — This substance much resembles in appearance crystallized oxide
of antimony.

192. Buttrate. Zn(C4H7 02)2.

a. Pure crystalline powder.

193. Carbonate. ZnCOg.

a. Pure precipitated.
194 Chloride. Zn Clg.

a. Fused, impure.

h. Ditto, freed from iron and other impui'ities.

195. Chuoiiate. Zn Cr 0^.

a. In yellow powder.

196. Lactate. ZnCgH^Og.

a. White, minutely crystalline, mamillated crust.

197. Oxide. Zn 0.

a. Prepared by combustion of the metal. (HuhbucJcs

Oxide of Zinc.)

b. Prepared by calcining the carbonate. (Zinci Oxidum, B.P.)

c. Impure. (Tutia Frxparata, Cadmia Fornacmn, Tiitty

Powder.)

Note. — Specimen c consists of the sublimate which collects in the flue
during the roasting of zinc ores. It usually contains cadmium. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 7GG.

187

198. Zinc Sulphate. ZnSO^, 7H2O.

a. Crystallized, impure.
h. Ditto, pure.

N,te.-lt is impossible to distinguish this salt by sight from some
specimens of magnesic sulphate and sodic acetate.

199. SULPHOCARBOLATE. Zu (Cg H5 S O4) g.

a. Crystallized.

* h. A fine mass of crystals. Presented by Messrs. Hopkm

& Williams.

200. Sulphide. Zn S.

a. White powder.

201. Valerianate. Zn(C5H9 02)2-

a. Pearly crystalline powder.

CADMIUM. Cd.

202. Metallic.

a. Cylindrical sticks.

203. Bromide. Cd Br^.

a. Prismatic crystals.

204 Carbonate. Cd C O3.

a. White powder.

205. Chloride. CdClg.

a. Crystalline powder.

206. Iodide. Cd Ig.

a. Pearly crystalline scales.
Note. — This specimen has become slightly discoloured from the action
of light.

207. Sulphide. Cd S.

a. In yellow powder.

COPPER. Cu.

208. Metallic.

a. Pure.

h. Turnings.

c. Precipitated.

209. Acetate. Cu (C2 H3 02)2H2 0.

a. Crystals.

b. Powdered.

210. Acetate, Basic. 2Cu (C3 H3 03)3 Ca 0, 6H2 0. (Subacetate

of Copper.)
a. Crystals.

* b. Ditto, a column of crystals.

188

Copper Acetate.

c. Powdered. (Verdigris.)
Note.-S^eoimen b is a mixture of several basic acetates of copper,
prepared by subj ecting copper plates to the action of acetic acid.

211. Arsenate. CusAsO,. (Arseniate of Gq^per.)

a. Green powder.

212. Arsenite. CuHAsOg. (ScJieeh's Green.)

a. Light-green powder.

213. Carbonate. Cu C O3, Cu Og, O.

a. Grreenish powder.
Note.— This specimen was prepai-ed from the sulphate by precipitation
mth sodic carbonate. For native carbonate (malachite), see the central
case, No. 9.

h. Blue powder. (Verditer.)
Tote. — This speci
1 calcic carbonate

214. Chloride. CuCl

Note.— This specimen was prepared from the nitrate by precipitation
with calcic carbonate. Formula 2 Cu C O3, Cu Hj 0„.

'2-

a. Green crystals.

215. Chromate. CnCrO^, SH.O.

a. Brown powder.

216. Iodide. Cu I.

a. Pale dirty-brown powder.

217. Lactate. Cu C3 O3, Hg 0.

a. Dark-green crystalline crusts.

218. Nitrate. Cu (N 0^),, SHg 0.

a. Blue crystals.

b. Green powder. CugNOgHgO. (Basic Nitrate of

Copper.)

219. Oxide, Cuprous. Cug 0. (Bed Oxide of Copper, Suboxide of

Copper.)

a. Reddish-yellow powder.

Note. — This specimen was prepared by the process given by Bbttger,
Journ. Pharm. et Chem., vol. xc, p. 163.

220. Oxide Cupric. Cu 0. (Black Oxide of Copper, Copper

Monoxide.)
a. Black powder.

221. Sulphate. CuSO^.

a. Crystals, prepared from copper pyrites. (Commercial

Sulphate of Copper, Blue Stone.)

b. Ditto, purified from iron, etc.

c. A small column of very transparent crystals, presented

by Mr. E. Richardson.

189

Copper Sdlphatb.

Note.— For very perfect crystals of this salt, see the central case, No. 9.
For fig. of the crystals, see Watts, Diet. Chem., vol. ii.,p. 158, figs. 313,
314, 315.

d. Anhydrous, in greenish-white powder.

222. Ammonio- Sulphate. Ou 2N Hg, S O4, 6H2 0.

a. Dark-blue crystalline powder.

b. In large crystals.

223. Sulphide. Cu S. (ProtosulpMde of Copper, Cupric Sulphide.)

a. Blackish-green powder.
Note. — For native sulphides of copper, see central case. No. 9.

224 Sulphite. Cug S O3. (Cuprous Sulphite.)

a. Maroon-coloured powder.

225. Sulpho-caebolate. Cu (CgHg S OJg.

a. Dark-green crystals.

MERCUEY. Hg.

226. Metallic.

a. Pure.

b- Ditto, " killed " with prepared chalk. (Hydrargyrum
cum Greta, B.P.)
t c. Iron bottle in which mercury is imported,
t d. Wooden ditto, from China.

.227. Acetate, Mercueous. HgCgHgOg. (Proto- acetate of Mercury.)
a. Small white scaly crystals.

228. Acetate, Mercuric. Hg (C3 Hg 02)2-

a. Brilliant micaceous crystals.

229. Bromide, Mercueous. HgBr.

a. White powder.

230. Bromide, Mercuric. HgBrg. (Bibromide of Mercury.)

a. Acicular crystals, deposited from alcoholic solution.

Note. — When deposited from aqueous solution, this salt crystallizes in
silvery laminsB.

231. Chloride, Mercurous. HgCl. (Subchloride of Mercury,

Calomel, Suhmuriate of Mercury, Hydrargyrum Sub-
chloridum, P.P., Hydrargyrum Chloridum, P.L., Hy-
drargyrum Muriaticum Mite.)
a. White powder.

232. Chloride, Mercuric. HgClg. (Bichloride of Mercury, Corro-

sive Sublimate, Hydrargyrum Perchloridum, B.P.)
a. Crystalline masses.

233. Ammonio-chloride. NH2HgCh

a. White powder. (White Precipitate, Hydrargyricm Am-
moniatum, B.P.)

190

234. Mercuric Cyanide. HgCyg. (Bi cyanide of Mercury.)

a. White prismatic crystals.

235. Iodide, Mercurouh. Hgl. (Proto-iocUde, Green Iodide

Mercury.)

a. Greenish-yellow powder. (Hydrargyri lodidum, P.L.;
Hydrargyri lodidum Viride, B.P.)

236. Iodide, Mercuric. Hg Ig. (Bed Iodide of Mercury, Biniodide

of Mercury.)

a. Bright red crystalline powder. (Kydrargyri lodidum

Rubrum, B.P.)

b. Prismatic crystals, prepared by sublimation.

237. Nitrate, Mercurous. Hgj (N 03)3, 2113 0. (Protoniiraie of

Mercury.)
a. Crystallized.

h. Crystalline powder, a basic salt 3Hg2 0, N3O5, 3H2 0.
Note. — For means of distinguishing between the protonitrate and the
basic salt, see Fownes, Cheinistry, p. 405.

238. Oxide, Mercurous. Hgg 0. (Protoxide, Suboxide, or Grey

Oxide of Mercury.)
a. Greenish-black powder.

239. Oxide, Mercuric. Hg 0. (Monoayide of Mercury, Bed Oxide of

Mercury, Bed Precipitate.)

a. Red ci-ystalline powder.

b. Orange-red powder, levigated. ~~

c. Ochraceous powder, prepared by precipitation from

mercuric chloride. (Hydrargyri Oxydum Flavum, B.P.
App.)

240. Sulphate, Mercuric. Hg SO4.

a. White crystalline powder.

241. Sulphate, Basic. SHgOSOg. (Yelloio Subsulpliate of Mercury .)

a. Bright-yellow powder. (Turbith Mineral.)

242. Sulphide. Hg S. (Bisulphuret of Mercury.)

a. Crystalline lumps, prepared by sublimation.

b. Powdered. (Vermilion, Cinnabar.)

Note.—'FoT specimens of native cinnabar, see centi-al case, No. 8.

243. Sulphide with Sulphur.

a. Black powder. {Ethiops Mineral.)

244. SuLPHOCTANATE. Hg (C N S)2. (Sulphocyanide of Mercury.)

a. White powder.
Note.— For preparation of this salt, see Watts, Diet. Chem., vol. v.,
p. 508.

191

TRIAD METALS.

THALLIUM. Tl.

245. Metallic.

t a. Fused in a hermetically sealed tube, to show the
silvery metallic lustre.

246. Acetate. TlCaHgOg.

t a. In pearly crystalline lumps.

247. Antimoniatb. Tl Sbg Og. (Antimoniate of Thallium.)

t a. White powder.

248. Benzoate. TlC^HgOg.

t a. White crystalline laminae.

249. Bromide. Tl Br.

t a. Pale yellowish- white powder.

250. Carbonate. TICO3.

t a. Dirty-white laminated crystals.

251. Chromatb. TlgCrO^.

t a. Yellow powder.

252. Bichromate. Tig Cr O4 Cr O3.

t a. Orange-yellow powder.

253. Chlorate. TICIO3.

t a. White crystalline powder.

254. Chloride. Tl CI.

t a. White powder.

255. Sesquichloride. Tl^ Clg.

t a. Minute sulphur-coloured crystalline scales.
256? Platino-chlobide. 2T1 CI, Pt Cl^.
t a. Buff-coloured powder.

257. Iodide. TIL

t a. Sulphur- coloured powder.

258. Molybdate. Tig Mo 0^.

t a. White powder.

259. Nitrate. TINO3.

t a. Small white shining prismatic crystals.

260. Oxalate. Tig Cg 0^.

t a. White shining acicular crystals.

261. Peroxide. Tig O3.

t a. Puce-coloured powder,
t h. Ditto, impure.

iVoic— Specimen h consists of the " flue dust," obtained in roasting
thalliferous iron pyrites, containing from one-sixth to eight per cent, of
the metal. See Watts, Diet. Chem., vol. v., p. 742.

192

262. Thallium PiCRATE. TlCgHgCN 02)30. (GarbazotateofThallimi.)

t a. Yellow acicalar crystals.

263. SiLicATii). TlSiOg.

t ci- White powder.

2G4. Sulphate. TlgSO^. (Thalhus Sulphate.)
t a- Small white prismatic crystals.

Note. — These crystals are very sunilar in appearance to those of
strychnia.

265. SoLPHATB WITH Aluminium Sulphate. TIAISO4, I2H2O.

(Thallium Alum.)
t a. Octahedral crystals.

266. Sulph-antimoniate. 3 Tig S Sbg Sg.

t a. Reddish-brown powder.

267. Antimonio-tartrate. 2 Tl Sb, O7. {Thallio-tartrate of

Antimony.)
t a. White prismatic crystals.

Note. — These crystals are very similar to those of the sulphate in
shape and general appearance, but differ in having numerous minute
transverse striae.

268. Bitartrate. TlgC^H^Og.

t a. Transparent prismatic crystals.

269. Tungstate. TlgWO^.

t a. White powder.

Note. — The above series of specimens of Thallium compounds was
presented by Messrs. Hopkin and Wilhams. For an account of the
literature of ThaUium, see Journ. Chem. Soc, vol. xvii., pp. 112-152.

INDIUM. In.

270. Metallic.

t a. Small piece of the metal in sheet.

GOLD, OR AURUM. Au.

271. Metallic.

t a. Beaten into very thin sheets. (Gold Leaf.)

272. Chloride, Auric. An CI3. (Terchlonde of Gold.)

t a. Brownish-yellow crystals.

273. SODIO-CHLORIDE. Na 01 Au CI3.

t a. Orange-yellow crystals.

274. Oxide, Auric. Au^ O3. (Teroxide of Gold.)

t a. Pale-brown powder.

j^ote. — This oxide, when freshly prepared, is of a chestnut-brown colour,
but becomes partially reduced and of a paler tint by exposure to light.

193

275. GrOLU Stannate.

t a. Dark- purple powder. (Purple of Gassius.)

Uote. The composition of tliis substance is not exactly known.

TETRAD METALS.

PLATINUM. Pt.

276. Metallic.

t a. Native, in small grains,
t In foil and wire.

t c. In greyisb spongy lumps, reduced from tlie ammouio-

chloride. {Spongy Platinum.')
t d. Intensely black powder, very finely divided by chemical

means. (Platinum Blade.)

277. Chloride, Platinic. PtOl^.

t a. Deliquescent yellowish-brown granules.

278. Ammon[o-chlor[de. 2 N CI Pt Cl^.

t a. Yellow crystalline powder.

PALLADIUM. Pd.

279. Metallic.

t a. In foil and wire.

t h. In dark-grey powder. (Palladiiim Sponge.)

280. Oxide. Pd 0.

t a. Black powder. (Palladous Oxide, Monoxide of Palla-
dium.)

RHODIUM. Rh.

281. Metallic.

t a. In silvery porous lumps, (Rhodium Sponge).

IRIDIUM. Ir,

282. Metallic.

t a. Small grey pieces without metallic lustre. (Iridium
Sponge.)

283. Iridic Oxide. IrOg. (Dioxide of Iridium.)

t a. Bluish-black powder.

OSMIUM. Os.

284. Metallic.

t a. Dark-grey granular powder. (Osmium Sponge.)

TIN. Sn.

285. Metallic.

a. Grained tin.
h. Granulated tin.
c. Tin foil.

0

194

286. Tin Chlouide. SnCIg. (Stannous Chloride, Bichloride of Tin.)

a. Anhydrous, in grey lumps.

h. Hydrated, in crystals. Sn Clo, 2 HgO. {Tin Salt.)
c. Ditto, pure.

287. Iodide. SnI,.

a. Crystals.

288. Oxide. Sn 0. (Stannous Oxide. Monoxide of Tin.)

a. Black powder.

289. Dioxide. Sn Og.

a. Native, in sandy grains. (Stream Tin Ore.)

Note. — For specimens of tin-stone or cassiterite, -whicli is a native
oxide of tia, see Case No. 8.
Note. — Specimen a contains zircon and spinelle, as well as oxide of tin.

b. Yellowish-grey powder. (Putty Powder.)

Note. — This specimen was prepared by heating tin in contact with air.

c. In white powder, pure, hydrated. Sn 0^, 2 Hj 0.

290. Bisulphide. SnSg. (Mosaic Gold, Aurum Musivum.)

a. Pearly crystalline scales.

TITANIUM. Ti.

291. Oxide. TiOj. (Titanic Acid.)

t a. "White powder.

LEAD. Pb.

292. Metallic.

a. With, crystalline surface.
1). In thin sheets.

c. Granulated, obtained in Pattinson's process of desilver-
ing lead.

;293. Acetate. Pb (Cg H3 03)3, SHo 0. (Plumbic Acetate.)

* a. Mass of crystals.

* b. Ditto, of larger crystals.

c. Crystalline lumps, commercial specimen, not quite

pure. (Sugar of lead.)

d. Crystals, pure. (Plumbi Acetas, P.P.)

■294 Carbonate. PbCOg. (White Lead.)

a. White powder.

b. Specimen illustrating the formation of the carbonate

from bars of the metal.

195

295. Lead Chloride. Pb C]^.

a. White crystalline powder, precipitated from the acetate

by common salt,
h. Acicular crystals.

296. OXYCHLORIDE.

a. White powder. PbClgPbO. (Fattinsoti's White Oxy-

chloride of Lead.)

b. Tellow powder. PbCIa^PbO. (Turner's Yellow. Pa-

tent Yelloiv.)
Note. — See Fowiies, Chemistry, p. 450.

297. CuROMATii. PbCrCi.

a. Yellow powder. (Chrome Yellow, Lemon Yellow^ Leip-
zig Yelloio, Paris Yellow.)

298. Bichromate. Pbg Cr 0.^. (Bichromate of Lead.)

a. Orange powder. (Chrome Orange.)
h. Red powder. (Chrome Bed.)
Note. — Specimen a was prepared by boiling chrome yellow with lime
water. Specimen b, by adding chrome yellow to fused potassic nitrate.
See Watts, Diet. Chem., vol. i., p. 934.

299 Iodide. Pblg.

a. Golden-yellow powder, (Plumhi lodidiiiu, B.P.)
h. Ditto, crystalline scales.

300. Molybdate. (Wulfenite.)

a. ISTative, iu sandy grains.
Note.—¥or analyses, etc., see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 607.

301. Nitrate. PbCNOa)^.

a. Opaque crystals. (Plumhi Nitras, B.P.)
h. Transparent ditto.
* c. Mass of opaque crystals.

302. Nitrate, Basic. Pb N 0.. (DiplumUc Nitrate.)

a. Crystalline grains.

303. Oxide, Basic. Pb, 0. (Suboxide of Lead.)

a. Pale-grey powder, prepared from the monoxide by heat
in a closed vessel.

304. Oxide. PbO." (Litharge. Monoxide of Lead.)

a. Reddish crystalline scales.

b. Reddish powder.

c. Ditto. (Massicot.)

305. Triplumbic Tetroxide. Pb^ 0^.

a. Red powder. (Bed Lead.)

306. Dioxide. Pb O2. (Peroxide of Lead.)

a. Puce-coloured powder.

19G

307. Lead Tartrate. PbC^H^Oe.

a. White powder.

IRON. Fe.

308. Metallic.

a. Small rods.
h. Iron turnings.

c. Iron filings.

d. Powder, reduced by hydrogen from the oxide. (Ferru)n

JRedachim, JB.P. Bediiced Iron.)
Note. — Eeduced iron often contains some magnetic oxide.

309. Peracetate. Peg (Cg 03)0. (Ferric Acetate.)

a. Yellowish.- brown Inmps.

310. Proto-arsenate. FeaAsgOg- (Ferrous Arsenate.)

a. Powder of a pale dingy green colour. (Ferri Arsenias,
B.P.)

Note. — This salt is usually partially oxidized.

311. Carbonate. Fe C O3 (Ferrous Garlonate.)

a. Dark green lumps. (Ferri Carhonas Saccharata, B.P.)

Note. — This preparation always contains some peroxide of iron.

312. Pkotochloeide. FeClo, ^HgO. (Ferrous Chloride, Bichloride

of Iron.)
a. Green crystals.

313. Perchloride. Peg Clg.

a. Brownish -yellow crystalline masses.

h. Dark-red crystals, prepared by sublimation.

314. Citrate.

a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.

315. Ammonio-citrate. (Ferri Ammonio-citras, B.P.)

ft. Pseudo-crystalline scales.

316. Potassio-citrate.

ft. Pseudo-crystalline scales.

317. QuiNO- citrate. (Citrate of Iron and Quinine, Ferri et Quimv

Citras, B.P.)
ft. Pseudo-crystalline scales.

318. QuiNO- citrate with Strychnia. (Citrate of Iron, Quinine, and

Strychnine.)
a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.

319. Citrate with Quinetdm. (Citrate of Iron and Qui nctum.)

ft. Pseudo-crystalline scales.

197

Iron Cttkate with Quinetum.

}Jote. — This specimen is a citrate of the mixed alkaloids of ciuchona
bark.

The last six specimens are uncrystallizable, and axe not definite
chemical compounds.

320. Perkoctanide. Fe^Fcjg.

a. Amorphous masses. (Prussian Blue.)

321. Iodide. Felg. (Ferri lodidum, B.P.)

a. Crystalline masses, of a blaish-greea colour.
Note. — This salt generally contains a little peroxide.

322. Lactate. PeOgH^Og.

a. Crystallized.

323. Oxalate. Fe 0^.

a. Chamois-yellow powder.

324. Oxide, Magnetic. Feg 0^.

a. Scales detached during the forging of wrought iron.

Note. — These scales consist principally of magnetic oxide, ■with some of
the metal.

b. Brownish- black powder. (Ferri Oxiduni Magneticum,

B.P. Ferri Oxidum Nigrum.)

325. Peroxide. FcgOg

a. Purplish-red powder. Venetian Bed, Jewellers^ Rouge,

Colcothar, Crocus Martis.)
h. Dark rusty-brown powder.

c. Pale brownish-red powder.

d. Armenian bole.

iVofe.— Specimen a was prepared by the calcination of ferrous sulphate ;
specimen h is readily soluble in hydrochloric acid, and specimen c not
entirely so, probably on account of containing some basic salt. The
latter much resembles in colour some specimens of sulphide of antimony.
Specimen d consists of clay, coloured naturally by ferric oxide.

326. Protophosphate. Fe3 2P04. (Ferri Phosjphas, B.P. Ferrous

Phosphate.)
a. Powder of a slate-blue colour.
Note.— When prepared without access of air, this salt is white ; when
blue, it contains some ferric oxide.

327. Perphosphate. Fe2 2PO^. (Ferric Phosphate.)

a. White powder.

328. Pyrophosphate.

a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.

iVote.— This preparation consists of a compound of ferric phosphate
with citrate of .ammonium. It much resembles in appearance the citrate
of iron and quinine, but has generally a bluish-green tmt.
320. Sulphate. Fe S 0^, 7 0.

a. Crystals. (Green Copperas, Green Vitriol.)

]98

luoN Sulphate.

b. Ditto, pure. (Ferri Suljyhas, B.P.)

c. Granulated, by precipitation with alcohol.

d. Exsiccated. (Ferri Sulplios Exsiccuta, B.P., 18G7.)

330. Persulphate. FegCSOJs.

a. Pale-yellow powder.

331. SULPHOCARBOLATE. Fe (Cg H5 S 04)3.

a. Green crystals.

332. PoTASSio-TARTRATE. (Fe7'rum Tartamtum, B.P.)

a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.

NICKEL. Ni.

333. Metallic.

t a. Small cubes, as met with in commerce,
t h. Pure.

334 Chloride. Ni Clg.

t a. Anhydrous, in yellow powder.

t h. Ditto, in greenish-yellow crystalline powder.

t c. Acicular crystals.

Note. — The greenish tint of specimen b is due to the presence of cobalt.

335. Oxide. Ni 0.

t a. Hydrated, impure, of a dirty green colour,
t h. Ditto, pure, of an apple-green colour.

336. Phosphate. Ni3 2P04.

t a. Powder.

337. Sulphate. Ni S 0^, 7 Hg 0.

t a. Small green prismatic crystals.

COBALT/ Co.

338. Metallic.

t a. Small cubes, as met with in commerce,
t h. Pure.

339. Carbonate. 2 Co C O3, 3 Co Ho Og, Hg 0.

t a. Pinkish powder.

Note.— This substance is a mixture of the carbonate and hydrate

340. Chloride. Co Clo. (DicMoride of Cobalt, Gobaltous Chloride)

t a. Crystallized, impure,
t b. Ditto, pure.
i^ote. — Specimen a contains nickel.

341. Ammonio-chloride. Co do, 6 N H3, 0. (CJdoride ofBo.<cv-

Cobaltin, ClaudeVs salt.)
t a. Crystallized.

199

:m. Cobalt Nitrate. Co (N 03)3.
t a. Crystallized.

343. OxtDE. C02 0. (Monoxide of Gohalt, Gohaltous Oxide.)

t a. Grey powder.

344. Sesquioxide. C02 O3. (Cobaltic Oxide.)

t a. Black powder.

t b. Impure, mixed witli sand. (Zaffre.)
Note. — Specimen 6 consists of the ore mixed with sand, roasted, and
powdered.

MANGANESE. Mn.

345. Metallic.

t a. Small pellets.

Note. — This specimen was prepared by Professor Eedwood.

346. Carbonate. MnCOs-

a. Impure, a commercial specimen.
h. Pure, in powder.

347. Chloride. Mn Clg. (Manganous Chlonde).

a. Pink crystals.

348. Oxide. MngOg. (Bed Oxide of Manganese, Sesquioxide of

Manganese.)
a. Powder.

Note. — This oxide occurs native in braunite and hydrated in man-
ganite, for specimens of which, see Case No. 8 in this Museum.

349. Peroxide. Mn Og. (Black Oxide of Manganese, Dioxide of

Manganese.)
a. Powder.

Note. — This oxide occurs native as pyrolusite, for a specimen of which,
see Case No. 8.

350. Phosphate. Mn3 2 P O4.

a. Pale pink powder.

351. Sulphate. Mn S 0^. (Manganous Sidphate.)

a. Pink crystals.

PENTAD METALS.

ANTIMONY, or STIBIUM. Sb.

352. Metallic.

a. Commercial specimen,
t b. Large crystalline cake. (French Begulus of Antimomj.)
;'>53. Chloride. SbClg. (Butter of Antimony, Trichloride of Anti-
mony, Antimonous Chloride.)
a. "White crystalline mass, pure.
I. Dark-red liquid, an impure solution.

Note.— This liquid is prepared by decomposing native sulphide of anti-
mony by hydrochloric acid. It contains iron and other impurities.

200

354 Antimony Oxychloride. (Poioder of Alrjarolh.)

a. A -whifce powder.

Note.— This is a mixture of the chloride and oxide in uncertain pro-
portions.

355. TiuoxiDE. SbgOg.

a. Acicular crystals.
Note.— This specimen was prepared by Professor Eedwood. It was
obtained by burning antimony ia the bottom of a large red-hot crucible.

a. Pale greyish-white powder. (Antimonii Oxidum, B.P.)
c. Ditto, mixed with phosphate of calcium. (Pulvis
Antimonialis, B.P.)

356. Pentoxidb. Sbg O5. (Antimonic Oxide.)

a. Anhydrous, a greyish-white powder.

6. Hydrated, in white powder. (Antimonic Acid.)

357. Tersulphide. SbgSg.

a. Anhydrous, in crystalline lumps, having a metallic
lustre. (Crude Antimony.)
Note.— This specimen consists of the ore purified by fusion. For fine
specimens of the ore, see the central case, No. 8.

6. The purified ore, powdered. (Blade Antimony.)

c. Roasted and fused. (Liver of Antimony.)

d. Ditto, containing less sulphide and more oxide. (Glass

of Antimony.)

e. Purplish- red sandy powder. (Crocus of Antimony.)
Note. — Specimens c and d are very similar in appearance, but may be

distinguished thus : Liver of antimony is opaque, and when rubbed gives
a brownish-red powder ; while glass of antimony is translucent, and by
transmitted Ught of a garnet-red colour ; when scratched, it gives a
whitish powder. Crocus of antimony consists of the scoria obtained in
reducing antimony, in powder.

/. Hydrated, of a dark red-brown colour. (Antimoniiim

Sulphuratum, B.P.)

Note. — According to Moss, the B.P. process does not yield an orange-
red powder. See P. J. [3] , vol. iii., pp. 443-446. The commercial arti-
cle generally consists of the yellow pentasulphide with excess of sulphm-.

g. Hydrated, of a bright red-brown colour. (Kermes

Mineral, Pulvis Carthusianorum.)

Note. — For various methods of preparing mineral kermes, see Gmelin,
Chemistry, vol. 4, pp. 340-352 ; also Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., pp. 734-737.

358. Pentasulphide. SbgSg.

a. Orange-red powder, containing some oxide. (Gulden
Sulphuret of Antimony, Antimonii Oxysulphuratum,
P. L., 1851.

Note.— This specimen has a reddish tint, probably owing to the presence
of a small quantity of the tersulphide.

201

359. Antimony PoTAssio-TARTRATE. 2KSh,C^13.^0j. (Tartar Emetic.)
a. Crystallized, in colourless eflaorescent crystals.
Note.— For fig. of the crystals, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 743,
fig. 132; Phillips, Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 260.

ARSENIC. As.

860. Metallic.

a. Commercial specimen.
h. Pure.

3G1. Iodide. As I3. .

a. Small, deep-red, shining, crystalline scales.

362. Arsenous Oxide. Asg O3. {White Arsenic, Arscnous Acid.)

a. Stratified lumps.

Note. — This specimen has much the appeai-ance of pieces of white
potsherd.

b. White flat pieces, bearing crystals on the surface.
Note. — This specimen came from Bissoc arsenic works in Cornwall.

c. Crystalline powder of a greyish colour.

Note. — This specimen is impure ; it came from a tin-smelting house.

d. Pure, in white crystalline powder.

363. Arsenic Peroxide. AsgOg, SHjO. (Arsenic Acid, Peroxide

of Arsenic.)

a. Dirty- white porous lumps.

b. Solution.

36-1;. Sulphide. AsoSg. (Realgar, Disulphide of Arsenic.)

a. Deep-red lamps, with a conchoidal fracture and vitreous

lustre.

b. A Chinese carvinsr in realsrar.

Note. — Specimen b may be found under a shade in the east window of
the Chemical Museum. *

365. Trisulphide. Asg S3. (Orpiment.)

a. Orange-yellow lumps.

b. Golden-yellow powder.

BISMUTH. Bi.

366. Metallic.

a. Cx'ystalline masses.

3G7. Carbonate. 2(Bi2 C O3) H3 0. (Bismuthi Garb anas, B.P.)
a. White powder.

368. Nitrate. Bi (N 03)3 5 Hg 0.
a. Crystals.

■ 369. SuBNiTUATE. Bi 0 N O3, H2 0. (Bismutlii Subnitras, B.P.)
a. White powder. (Bismuthum Album, B.P., 1864.)

202

370. Oxide, BisMUTHous. Bi^ O3. {Trioxide of Bismuth .)

a. Yellow powder.

371. Oxide, BrsMUTHic Bi^ O5. iPentoxide of Bismuth.)

a. Reddish powder.

VANADIUM. V.

372. Vanadate of Ammonium. N V Oo.

t a. White powder.

COLUMBIUM, OR NIOBIUM. Nb.

373. Oxide. NbgOj. (Niobic Acid.)

t a. White powder.

HEXAD METALS.

CHROMIUM. Cr.

374. Metallic.

t a. Small pellets.

Note.— This specimen was prepared by Professor Redwood.

375. Chloride. Org Clg. (Chromic Chloride, Trichloride of

Chromium..)
a. Violet crystalline laminae.
Note.— This specimen was prepared and presented by Mr. Baldock.

376. Oxide. CrgOg. {Chromic Oxide, Sesq^idoxide of Chromium.)

a. Anhydrous, a green crystalline powder.
h. Ditto, resembling small green tea in appearance,
c. Hydrated, prepared by precipitation.
iV^oie.— Specimen a was prepared by heating potassic dichromate; and
specimen h by igniting ammonic dichromate.

377. Trioxide. Cr O3. {Chromic Acid.)

a. Crystallized.

URANIUM. U.

378. Metallic.

t a. Pure.

379. AMM0NI0-CAR130NATE. (N 114)3, U Og, 4 C O3. (Ammonio-uraiiic

Carbonate, Carbonate of Uranyl and Amvionimn.)
a. Yellow crystalline crusts.

380. Nitrate. U Og (N 03)3, 6 0.

a. Crystallized.

381. Oxide. U O3. (Uranic Oxide, Uranyl Oxide.)

a. Reddish yellow powder.

b. Specimen of glass coloured by urauate of sodium.

203

382. TJeanoso-uranic Oxide. UgOg.

a. Blackish powder.
2^o«e.— This oxide is the chief constituent of pitchblende. For a epeci-
men of it, see Case No. 8.

383. Sodium Ubanate. N'ag 0, 2 U O3.

a. Yellowish powder. {Uranium yellow.)

TUNGSTEN, or WOLFRIM. W.

384. Oxide. WO3. (Tungstic Acid.)

a. Impure, a yellow powder.
h. Pare ditto.

c. Hjdrated, a white powder. (W O3, 2 Hg 0.)
2^o<e.— Specimen c was precipitated from a cold dilute alkaline
solution.

MOLYBDENUM. Mo.

385. Metallic.

t a. Small pellets.

386. Oxide. Mo O3. (MolijbcUc Acid.)

a. Impure.

b. Pure, in white powder.

387. Sulphide. Mo S3. (Molybdenite, Native Sxdpliide of Molybdemm.)

a. Black scale-like laminae with a metallic lustre.
Note. — For native molyhdate oj lead, see Lead salts.

388. Series of Specimens ilhistrating Stanford's Process for Manu-
facturing Seaiveed Products.

(1) Laminaria DiCriTATA,LamoM?-. (Oar Weed, Tangle, Sea Girdles.)

a. Cylindrical portion of frond. (Drift Weed, or Tangle.)
h. Ditto, cut up ready for charring.

c. Charcoal made from b.

d. Ditto, lixiviated.

(3. Flattened portion of frond. (Cut Weed, Bed Wrack.)

f. Chai'coal made from e.

g. Ditto, lixiviated.

(2) Fucus vESicuLosus, L. (Cut Weed, Bladder WracJc.)

a. Frond.

b. Charcoal made from a.

c. Ditto lixiviated.

(3) Fucus serratus, L. (Cut Weed, Blade Wrach.)

a. Frond.

b. Charcoal made from a.

c. Ditto, lixiviated.

204

(4) Fdccs nodosus, Ij.

a. Frond.

h. Charcoal made from a.
c. Ditto, lixiviated.
A^oi^.-Laminaiia digitata is often designated Oar Weed. It differs from
the fuel mentioned above, in having a cylindrical portion or stem divided
mio numerous ribbon-like pieces, and in its brown colour. Fucus nodosus
has b ack, narrow, compressed fronds ^vith single bladders. F. vesicu-
losus has a flattened frond with bladders in pairs, one behig on each side
of the mukib. P. serratus has flattened fronds serrated at the edge
and without bladders. ^ '

(5) Tab.
(b^ Pitch.

(7) Coke.

(8) Kelp.

(9) Bromine.

(10) Iodine.

a. Crude.

h. Resublimed.

(11) Potassium acetate.

(12) „ bromate, crystallized.

(13) „ bromide, crystallized.

(14) „ carbonate.

a. Pure.

h. Anhydrous.

(15) „ bicarbonate, crystallized.

(16) „ chloride.

a. Crude, crystallized.

b. Pure, crystallized.

(17) „ CYANIDE, fused.

(18) „ lODATE, crystallized.

(19) „ iodide, crystallized.

(20) „ NITRATE, crystallized.

(21) ,, SULPHATE.

a. Crude, crystallized.
h. Pure.

(22) „ BISULPHATE, Crystallized,

(23) Sodium chloride.

Note. — For an account of the method by which various products are
manufactm-ed from Kelp, see Fharm. Journ. [2], iii., p. 495.

Tlie above specimens will be found in Case 4 in the Chemical Museum.

205

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

HYDROOAEBON'S.

PARAFFIN OR MARSH GAS SERIES. CnH.jn+a

a. Solid paraffin, from turf and peat, crude.
i. Ditto, pui'ified.

c. Liquid paraffin, from seaweed, crude.

d. Ditto, purified.

e. Barbadoes tar, genuine.
/. Ditto, spurious.

g. Rangoon petroleum.

h. Petroleum from Zante.

Note. — This specimen was "collected from a pitch well in the south-
eastern part of the islaDd of Zaute, on Sept. 13, 1818, by Wm. Allen,
F.E.S., first president of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain,
and was presented to the Society by his executors in 1852." See Life of
William Allen, Load., 1816.

i. Pennsylvanian petroleum, crude.
j. Ditto, purified.

k. Shale grease.

I. Shale spirit, crude.

m. Shale residue.
Note. — The above paraffins are none of them of definite composition,
but consist of a mixture of various members of the series typified by the
formula CuH2n+2. See Fownes, Chemistry, p. 548.

TERPENE SERIES. CuH.2n_4.

389. Terebenthene.

a. French oil of turpentine.

Note.— This specimen turns the plane of polarisation to the left. It
was obtained from Pinus Pinaster, Sol.

390. AusTRALENE. (Austra-terehentlwne.)

a. English oil of turpentine.
Note.— This specimen rotates the plane of polarisation to the right.
It was prepared from the turpeutme of Pinus palustris, Mill, and Pijim
Tasda, L.

391. Tekebene.

a. Coloui'less liquid,
^ote.— This specimen has no action on polarised hght. It was pre-
pared from oil of turpentine by treatment with strong sulphuric acid.

392. Terpin Hydrate. CioHis,3H3 0. {Turpentine Camphor,

Hydrate of Turpentine Oil.)
a. Brown rhombic crystals.

393. Terpin. C^o Hig, 2H2 0.

I

2UG

Hydrocarbons.

a. White slender acicular crystals.

394. Caoutchoucinb.

a. Brownish oily liquid.

Note.— This liqiiid, according to Greville Williams, is a mixture of the
two polymeric hydrocarbons caoutchiu, C,o and isoprene, H^.

395. COOROONGITE. (Mineral Caoutchouc).

a. Blackish, slightly elastic, solid.

BENZENE SERIES. HnC2„_«.
a. Coal tar.

I. Wood tar. (StocJcholm Tar.)

c. Light oil of tar, sp. gr. 0-945.

d. Heavy oil of tar, sp. gr. 1-002.

Note.— Specimen b and c were prepared by Professor Redwood.

e. Eblanin. CgHgOg. (Pyroxanthin.)

Note.— This specimen was prepared by the action of hydrate of potas-
sium upon heavy oil of wood tar. See Watts, Diet. Chem., vol iv
p. 776.

/. Pitch.

g. Asphalt, from an Egyptian mummy.

Note.— The above specimens, with the exception of Eblanin, are inde-
finite mixtures of various hydrocarbons belonging chiefly to the aromatic
group represented by the formula Cn H an - e. The asphalt obtained from
miimmies is used by artists as a brown water-colour. This specimen was
presented by Messrs. Hearon, Squire, and Francis.

396. Benzene. CgHg. {Bicarluret of Hydrogen, Benzole, Benzine.)

a. Impure, from coal-tar oil.

h. Pui'ified, by crystallization at 1 0° Fahr.

397. NiTRO-BENZENE. CgHg (NOo). {Oil of Mirlane, Artificial Oil

of Almonds.)
a. Yellowish oily liquid, crude.
&. Purified.

Note. — For means of distinguishing this liquid from essential oil cf
almonds, see Attfield, Chemistry.

398. DiNITEO-BENZENE. Og H4. (N02)2-

a. In acicular crystals.
Note. — In this specimen the crystals, which were originally white,
have become of a brown colour.

399. Toluene. C7 IJg- (Toluol, Methyl-Benzene, Hydride of Benzyl,

Benzoene Dracyl, Hydride of Tolyl or Toluenyl.)
a. Volatile colourless liquid.

400. Xylene. Cg H^g- i^V^^^^ Dimethyl-Benzene.)

a. Colourless volatile liquid.
Note. — For uses, etc., see P. J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 625,

207

' iSydrocarbons.

I 401. Cymene. (Gymol, Camphogen, Eydride of Thymyl,

' Hydride of Ci/myl.)

a. Prepared from the volatile of oil of cummin.

b. Prepared from coal tar.

CINNAMENE SERIES. C„H2u-s.
402. CiNNAMENB. Cg Hg. (Styrolene, Cinnamol, Styrol.)

a. Colourless oily liquid.

b. Colourless refractive solid.

Note. — Specimen 6 was prepared from liquid storax ; it lias assumed
the solid appearance of meta-cinnamene.

NAPHTHALENE SERIES. CnHan-is-
I 403. Naphthalene. Cjo Hg.

a. Micaceous crystalline plates.
Note. — This specimen was obtained from coal tar.
j 404. Naphthalene bichloride. C-^q Hg CIg.
a. Crystallized.

ANTHRACENE SERIES. C„H.„_i8

405. Anthracene. C14H10.

a. Crude, of a brownish colour.

b. Purified, in white pearly scales.

Note. — Specimen b has become tinged with purple from exposure to
light.

406. Anthraquinone. C^^ Hg Og.

a. In yellowish acicular crystals.

b. In slender crystals.

i^ote.— Specimen 6 was prepared in the laboratory of the Society by
Mr. E. Eichardson.

MONATOMIC ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS.
ETHYLIC SERIES. C Hsn-i.

407. Methyl Hydrate. C H3 (H 0).

a. Crude.

b. Purified (Dr. Easting's pyroxylic spirit).

c. Ditto, by Eschwege's process.

d. Methylated ethylic alcohol.

Note.— For manufacture of pyroxylic spirit, see P. J. m vol x nn
31, 69, 135, 196, 300 ; vol. ix., p. 455 ; [2] , vol. iv., p. 233 ; forEschwege^s
process, see P. J. [2] , vol. vii., p. 175.

408. Methyl Iodide. C Hg I.

a. Reddish volatile hquid.

208

Monatomic Alcoliols.

409. Methyl Salicylate. CH3C7H5O3. {Oil of Winter green.)

a. Pale yellow volatile liquid.

Note. — This is the volatile oil obtained from Gaultheria procumbens,
L. Salicylate of methyl is found also in the bark of Betula leuta, L.

410. Ethyl Acetate. O2H5C2H3O2. (Acetic Ether).

a. Impure.
h. Purified.

411. Ethyl Butyrate. C2 H5 C4 Hy O2. (Butyric Ether, Essence of

Pineapple.)
a. Colourless volatile liquid.
Note. — This ether has a strong pineapple odour and taste.

412. Ethyl Bromide. Hg Br. (Hydrohromic Ether.)

a. Reddish, volatile liquid.

413. Ethyl Chloride. H5 CI. (Hydrochloric Ether, Chloric

Ether, Sweet Spirit of Salt.)

a. Colourless volatile liquid.

Note. — The name chloric ether is often erroneously applied to a solu-
tion of chloroform in ethylic alcohol.

414. Ethyl Formate. Cg Hg C H O2. (Formic Ether.)

a. Colourless volatile liquid.

415. Ethyl Hydrate. C2H5HO. (Ethylic Alcohol, Spirit of

Wine.)

a. Rectified spirit of •wine.

h. Proof spirit. (Spiritus temdor.)

c. Absolute alcohol.

416. Ethyl Iodide. Cg H5 1. (Hydriodic Ether.)

a. Reddish volatile liquid.

417. Ethyl Nitrite. CgHgNOg

a. Pure. •
h. Impure solution in alcohol. (Sweet Spirit of Nitre,
Spiritus JiJtheris Nitrosi.)

418. Ethyl Oxalate. (03115)20204

a. Colourless volatile liquid.

419. Ethyl Oxide. (Cg 115)2 0- (Ether, Sulphuric Ether.)

a. Colourless volatile liquid, sp. gr. v35.
h. Ditto, sp. gr. -720.
c. Ditto. Absolute ether.

j^otg. Specimen a is of the strength directed in the E. P. Specimen

b is the ordinary ether of commerce, and specimen c is free from ethyln
' alcohol and water, which ai-e usually present in variable proportions ii.
ordinary ether.

209

Monatomic AlcoJwls.

420. Ethyl Pelargonate. C3 H5, Cg H^^ O^. (Pelargonic Ether,

(Enantliic JEther, Oil of Cognac.)
a. A yellowish volatile liquid.
^ote.—ImiiUTe brandy and whiskey are said to owe their flayour
chiefly to this ether. The alcoholic solution is used to give the flavour
of quinces to confectionery. See Redwood, Supplt., p. 724.

421. Ethyl Acid Sulphate. O2H5HSO4. (Sulphovinic Acid,

Ethylsnlphuric Acid.)
a. Colourless oily liquid.
Note. — For sulphovinate of sodium, see the sodium salts.

422. Pkopyl Hydrate. Cg Hg H 0. (Propylic Alcohol.)

a. Colourless volatile liquid.

423. Botyl Hydrate. C^HgHO. (Tefrylic Alcohol, Quartyl Al-

cohol, Butyl Alcohol.)
a. Colourless volatile liquid.

424. Amyl Acetate. Cg Hj^ CgHg Og.

a. Colourless volatile liquid.
Note. — A solution of this ether in alcohol forms the essence of pear
used in flavouring confectionery.

425. Amtl Buttrate. Cg H^^ C4 H^ Og.

a. Colourless volatile liquid.

426. Amtl Chloride. Cg H^^ CI.

a. Colourless volatile liquid.

427. Amtl Formate. Cg H^^ C H Og.

a. Colourless volatile liquid.

Note. — Both the butyrate and formate have a fruity flavour. See
Juries' Report, Int. Exhib. 1862, p. 113.

428. Amtl Hydrate. Cg H^^ H 0. (Quintyl Alcohol, Amylic AI-

cohol. Fusel Oil.)
a. Impure.
h. Purified.

429. Amtl Htdride. Cg H^g H. (Quintane.)

a. Colourless volatile liquid, sp. gr. -638.
2^ote.— See P. J. (1) xvi., p. 604.

430. Amtl Nitrate, CgHi^NOg,

a. Volatile colourless liquid.

431. Amtl Nitrite. CgH^^N Og. {Amyl Nitris, B. P. App.)

a. Yellowish volatile liquid.

432. Amtl Valerianate.

a. Colourless volatile liquid.

Note.— The spirituous solution form8_ the essence of apple used in
confectionery.

P

210

Monatomic Alcoliols.

433. GEnanthyl Hydrate. C7H15HO. ((Enanthylic Alcohol, Septyl
or Heptyl Alcohol.)
a. Colourless volatile liquid.

4.34. Capeyl Hydrate. Cg H^^ H 0. (Gaprylic Alcohol, Octyl Al-
cohol.)

a. Colourless volatile liquid.

435. Cetyl Hydrate. C1QH33HO. (Cetylic Alcohol, Ethal, Sexdecylic

Alcohol.)
a. White fatty solid.
Note. — This specimen is probaUy impure. SeeFownes, Chemistry,]^. 610.

436. Cetyl Palmitate. C^g '^zz^ie Og- (Spermaceti.)

a. Solid white crystalline fat.
Note. — Spermaceti contains also some laurostearin,

437. Ceryl Cerotate. Hgg C27 H53 Og. {Pe-la, Chinese Insect

Wax.)

a. Hard white crystalline fat.

438. Myricyl Palmitate. C30 Hg^ C^g Hg^ Og. (Myricin.)

a. Fatty solid.

Note. — This substance is the portion of beeswax insoluble in boiUng
alcohol.

VINYLIC SERIES. CnHan-i.

439. Allyl Sulphocyanatb. C3 Hg Cy S.

a. Volatile pungent liquid. (Volatile Oil of Mustard.)
Note. — This Uquid probably contains some sulphide of allyl. See
Pharmacographia, p. 63.

440. Menthyl Hydrate. Cj^q^iq^O. (Menthylic Alcohol, Stearopteve

of Peppermint Oil.)
a. Crude, in acicular crystals, from Japan.
I. Ditto, sublimed at 210° F.
Note. — Specimen h was prepared and presented by Messrs. Morson &
Son. The crude article is said to be adulterated with sulphate of magnesia,
which it closely resembles in appearance. Watts, Diet. Ghem., vol. iii.,
p. 880.

BENZYLIG SERIES. CnHsn— 7.

441. Benzyl Hydrate. C7H7HO. (Benzoic Alcohol, Benzyl Alcohol.)

a. Aromatic colourless liquid.

442. Phenyl Hydrate. Cg H5 H O. (Phenylic Alcohol, Carbolic

Acid, Phenic Acid, Coal-tar Creosote.)
a. Crystallized in a large glass receiver.
h. Ditto, from the volatile oil of Andromeda Leschenaultii.
c. Liquid.

211

Diatomic AlcoJiols.

Specimen a was presented by Professor Grace Calvert as a re-
markably pure sample. Specimen b was prepared by Mr. J. Broughton.
See P. J. (3) vol. ii., p. 284.
413. Trinitro-phenol. C^H,(^0.^^0. (Picric Acid, Garhazotic
Acid.)
a. Yellow crystals.
444. Thymyl Hydrate. C10H13HO. (Thymylic Alcohol, Thymol,
Thymylic Acid.)
a. Very fine crystal. ) j^^om the Oil of Ptychotis Ajowan,
i. Small crystals. ^ D 0
c. Ditto. ^
jVofe.— Specimen a consists of a single crystal nearly two inclies square,
and was presented by Messrs. Wright, Layman, and Umney. Specimen
b was purchased in a bazaar at Bombay, under the name of ajwain
ka-phuJ, by Mons. 0. Chantre ; and specunen c was prepared from the
oil of Monarda punctata, L., and was presented under the name of
Monarda camphor, by Mr. M. Procter, juu., of Philadelphia.

CINNYLIC SERIES. CHsn— 9.
41.5. CiNNYL CiNNAMATE. Cg Hg (Cg Hy Og) . (Shjracine.)
a. Small silky crystals,
i^ofe.— This is the substance which forms a kind of efflorescence on
the surface of Styrax Calamita.

446. Cholesterine. Cgg H^s H 0.

a. Small shining crystalline plates.

DIATOMIC ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS.
ETHENE SERIES. CuHgn.

447. Methene Chloride. C3HCI3. (Bichloride of Methylene.)

a. Colourless volatile heavy liquid.
44vS. Ethene Chloride. CgH^CIo. (Dutch Liquid, Dichloride
of Ethylene.)
a. Yolatile colourless liquid.

449. Etherine.

a. White slender prismatic crystals.

ORGIN SERIES. CuHsn -g.

450. Resorcin. Cg H^ (H 0)o.

a. Yellowish crystalline powder.

451. Saligenin. C7He(HO)2. (Salicylic Alcohol.)

a. In crystalline scales, not quite white.
iVofe.— Presented by Dr. Attfield.

212

Triatomic Alcohols.

452. GuAiACOL. C7Hg(HO)2.

a. Brownish oily liquid.

Note.—'Fov method of preparation, see P. J. (3) vol. iii., p. 23. This
specimen was presented by Messrs. Hopkin and Williams.

453. Creasol. Cg Hg (H 0)3. (Creosote, Oil of Tar.)

a. Nearly colourless oily liquid.

TRIATOMIC ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS.

METHENYL. SERIES. C„H2„— j.

454. Methenyl Bromide. CHBrg (Bromoform.)

a. Reddish volatile heavy liquid.

455. Methenyl Chloride. CHCI3. (Chloroform, Perchloride of

Formyl.)

a. Volatile colourless heavy liquid.

456. Methenyl Iodide. CH3 1. (Iodoform.)

a. Yellow crystalline scales.

457. Propenyl Hydrate. C3H5(HO)3. (Glycerine, Fropenyl Alcohol.)

a. Pure. (Price's Patent Glycerine.)

h. Ditto. (Crystallized Glycerine.)

Note. — Specimen 6 was solid when received, but has become fluid by
keeping.

458. Propenyl Trilaurate. C3 H5 (C^g ^^24 ^2)5- (Laurostearin.)

a. Green semi-solid fat. (Oil of Bay.)

Note. — This substance contains other propenyl compounds besides
the trilaurate.

459. Propenyl Trimyristicate. C3 Hg (Ci^, Hg^ 03)3. (Myristin.)

a. White crystalline solid.

Note. — This specimen was obtained from the expressed oil of nutmegs.
It occurs also in Dika bread, and several vegetable oils and fats. See
Catalogue, p. 23, No. 128.

460. Propenyl Trioleate. C3 H5 (C^g H33 02)3- (Olein.)

a. Almond Oil.
h. Olive oil.
c. Pure Olein.

Note. — Almond oil consists almost entirely of pure olein; the fluid
part of olive oil at 32° P. is the same, the sohd part consisting chiefly
of tripalmitin.

461. Propenyl Tripalmitate. C3 H5 (Cje Hg^ 02)3. (Palmitin.)

a. Japan wax.

Note.— This substance consists chiefly of tripalmitin. See Palmitic
Acid.

213

Carbohydrates.

462. Pbopeotl Teistearate. C3H5 (CigHgs 03)3. (Stearin.)

a. Cocum butter.
Note.— This substance contains more than half its weight of stearin,
the remainder consisting of olein.

FYROGALLOL SERIES. C„H2„-9.

463. Ptrogallol. (PyrogalUc Acid.)

a. Silky acicular crystals.

TETRATOMIC ALCOHOLS.

464. Ertthrite. Hg (HO)^. (Erythromannite, Phycite, Ery-

throglucin.)
a. Colourless prismatic crystals.

PENTATOMIC ALCOHOLS.

465. QUERCITB. CgH7(HO)5.

a. Transparent monoclinic crystals.

Note. — Both these alcohols are saccharine substances. See Fotones,
Chemistry, p. 628-630.

HBXATOMIC ALCOHOLS.

466. Mannitk. Cg Hg (H0)6.

a. Prismatic colourless crystals.

b. A cone of mannite, from Tuscany.

Note. — Specimen b was presented by Mr. J. M. Broad, who brought it
from Florence.

CARBOHYDRATE S.
CELLULOSES. OgHioOj.

467. Starch. C^g H30 O^j. (Fecula, Aviidin.)

a. Obtained from maize.

4G8. Dextrine. C^g Hoq O^o- (British Gum.)

a. Fawn coloured powder.

b. White powder.

iVo«e.— Specimen a jdelds a better mucilage than b.

469. Indlin. C18 H30 O15. (Alantin, Sinistrin, Memjanthin, Dahlin,

Synaiitherin.)
a. Obtained from dandelion root.

470. Cellulin. CigHgoOig. (Cellulose.)

a. Cotton.

Note.— The hau-s surrounding cotton seeds consist of nearlv nure
celluhn. •' ^

2U

Carhohydrates,

4>71. Dinitro-Cellulin. Cjg Hgg (N 02)2055. (Soluble Guneotton,
Pyroxylin.)
a. Commercial specimen.

h. Solution in a mixture of ether and alcohol (Gollodlum,
J3.P.)

c. Ditto, mixed with castor oil. {Gollodium Flexile, B.P.)

GLUCOSES. CeHijOg.

472. Dextrose. Cg Og. (Glucose, Dextroghicose.)

a. Prepared from starch. (Starch 8^tga/>•.)
h. Prepared from rags. (Bag Sugar.)

c. Prepared from honey. (Honey Sugar.)

d. Prepared from grapes. (Grape Sugar.)

e. Prepared from diabetic urine. JJ)^^^^^^*^ Sugar.)

473. Levulose. Cg H^g ^e-

a. Obtained from cane sugar.

SA GCH AROSE S. Cj. On.

474. Sacchaeose. ^h^^^w (Gane Sugar, JDiglucosic Alcohol.)

a. Crystallized, obtained from the sugar cane.
h. Ditto, obtained from beet root.

c. Ditto, obtained from the sugar maple.

Note.— For other specimens, see Mat. Med. Catalogue, p. 15, Ko. 74
and p. 156, No. 641.

d. Amorphous. (Barley Sugar.)

e. Ditto, restored to a minutely crystalline state (Sac-

charum penidium.)
A7h. Melitose. C12H02O11.

a. Impure. (Eucalyptus Manna.)
Note.— See also Mat. Med. Catalogue, p. 46, No. 244.

476. Lactose. Cjg Hgg O^i, HjO. (Sugar of Millc, Lactiv).

a. Crystallized.

477. Mtcosb. C12 H22 On> 2 H3 0. (Sugar of Ergot.)

a. Crystallized, prepared from ergot.
JVofc— Presented by Mr. F. M. Eimmington.

478. Tkehalose. Cjg H22 Oip 2 0.

a. Impure. (Trehala Manna).
Note.— See also Animal Mat. Med. Catalogue, p. 258, No. 796.

GLUCOSIDES.

479. -(EscuLiN. C21H24O13. (Gelseminic Acid.)

a. In crystals.

Note.— This substance was prepared from the bark of the horse-chestmit
tree (dlsculus Hippocastanum, L.). For a solution of it, see the si>ecimcii:<
illustrating fluorescence, on the east side of the Chemical Museum.

215

Glucosides.

480. Amtgdalin. Cgg Hgy NOji, 0.

a. Crysfcalline powder,
j^'oie.— Obtained from bitter almonds by treatment with alcohol. It
is resolvable into glucose, hydrocyanic acid and hydride of benzoyl.

481. Arbutin. C24 Hg2 O14, Hg 0.

a. Acicular crystals.
j^ote. — Obtained from the leaves of Arbutus, Uva-ursi. It is resolvable
by acids into hydi'okinone and glucose.

432. COLOCYNTHIN. Cgg Hgj, O33. ?

a. Powder.

Note. — This glucoside is resolvable, according to Walz, into colocyn-
thein and glucose. See Pharmacogr,aphia, p. 264.

483. CoNVOLvuLiN. C34 Hjg Oig. (Scammonin.)

a. Powder.

Note. — This specimen was prepared from the Museum specimen of
Tampico jalap, by a student in the laboratory of the Society, who found
that 100 grains of dense heavy root yielded 7"56 grains ; and 100 grains
of light root yielded 11 '35 grains of resin, eutii'ely soluble in ether.

b. Prepared from Scammony.

Note. — Convolvulin is the jalapia of Gmelin (see Handbook, xvi.,
p. 405) and of Mayer. It is also the jalapiu usually met with in English
commer^.e. See Pharmacographia, p. 401. It is distinguished from
the jalapin of Vera Cruz jalap by being soluble in ether.

c. Pure, in vitreous colourless scales.

d. Brownish extractive, prepared from jalap resin.

484. CoTJMARiif. Cg Hg Og.

a. In opaque white crystals.

Note. — The exact chemical constitution of this body not having been
satisfactorily settled, it is placed here for convenience only.

485. CUBEBIN. C33 H34 O^Q.

a. Small crystals.

486. DiGiTALiN. • C27 H^6 0^5.

a. In porous mamillated masses.
Note. — This glucoside is resolvable into digitaliretin and glucose.

487. Elaterin. CooHggOs.

a. Crystalline powder.

^'ofe.— This body does not always yield glucose by treatment with acids,
and is probably not a true glucoside. See Attjield, Chemistry, p. 468.

488. Gltcvrrhizin. Cg^ Hgg O9. ?

a. Yellowish powder.

Note.— This substance when pure is insipid. It possesses the properties
of an acid, and occm-s, combined with ammonia, in the root. See P. J.
(3), vol. vi., p. 53, Pharmacographia, p. 159.

216

Glucosides.

489. Jalapin. Cgi H30 O^g.

a. Powder.

Note.— ThiB glucoside is insoluble in ether. It is resolvable into crys-
tallizable jalapinol and glucose.

490. Meconin. H^o 0^. (Opianyl.)

a. Small prismatic crystals.

b. A magnificent specimen crystallized in a glass basin.
Note. — Specimen b was presented by Messrs. Morson & Son.

491. Phloridzin. C^i Oio, 2 0.

a. Silky crystals.

Note. — Obtained from the root bark of apple and cherry trees. It is
resolvable into phloretin and glucose.

492. PicROTOxiN. CiaHiiOj.

a. Crystalline powder.

Note. — This substance reduces cupric oxide like the sugars, but to a
much smaller extent. Pharmacographia, p. 31. Its constitution not
having been as yet satisfactorily ascertained, it is placed among the
glucosides for convenience only.

493. PiPERIN. C12H9O3.

a. Tellowish crystals.

Note. — This substance is sometimes considered as a weak alkaloid, but
it has no action on Utmus paper, and does not unite directly with acids.
It has the constitution of a piperate of piperidia. See P. J. [3] , vol. vi.,
p. 315.

494. Salicin. CigHigOg.

a. Crystalline powder.
h. Saligenin.

Note. — Salicin is resolvable into saligenin and glucose. Saligenin is a
diatomic phenol-alcohol; see p. 211.

495. Samaderin.

a. Deliquescent yellowish powder.

Note. — This specimen was presented by Dr. De Vrij, who obtained it
from the bark of Samadera indica, Gsrtn. He supposes it to be a gluco-
side. Its formula is not yet ascertained. See P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 645.
Examined by Mr. Hutchinson, student in the laboratory, its solution
proved neutral to test paper, and yielded no precipitate with perchloride
of platinum, iodohydrargyrate of potassium, or biniodide of potassium,
but a granular precipitate with perchloride of gold, and a light yellow one
with phosphomolybdic acid. Fehling's copper solution was not precipi-
tated by it unless it had been previously boUed with an acid.

496. Santonin. C^ Hjg O3.

a. Small crystalline scales.
Note. — Santonin is resolvable into santoniretin and glucose. See
Pharmacographia, p. 349 ; Attfield, Chemistry, p. 472.

217

Aldehydes.

497. ScoPARiN. C21 Oio-

a. Pale yellow powder.
Note.— This substance is described in Pharmacographia, p. 149, as an
indifferent or somewhat acid body.

ALDEHYDES.
ACETIC SERIES. C„ H^n 0.

498. Acetic Aldehyde. Cg H4 0.

a. Pure, a colourless liquid.

499. Aldehyde-ammonia. ITH^CaHgO. {Ammonium Aldehtjdate.')

a. Brownish crystals.
Note. — This specimen was colourless when first obtained.

500. ACETAL. CgHi^O.

a. Colourless liquid.
'Note—Hh.iB liquid is a compound of aldehyde with ethyl oxide.

601. Chloral. C2H(Cl3)0. (Trichlorinated Aldehyde),
a. Anhydrous, an oily liquid.

h. Hydrated, in crystals. (Liehrich's Chloral Hydrate.)
c. Ditto, in crystalline cakes. (Chloral Hydrate.)

502. Butyl CnLOKAL. C^HgCClg)©. (Croton Chloral.)

a. White crystalline powder.

Note. — For method of manufacture, see Watts, Diet. Chem. Supplt., i. ,
p. 513 ; P. J. [3], vol. ii., pp. 425, 434. The croton chloral of commerce
has lately been found to consist of butyl chloral; see P. J. [3] , vol. vi.,
p. 666.

FURFUROL SERIES. C„ H2„_6 Os.

503. FuEFUROL. C5 H4 Og. (Aldehyde of Pyromucic Acid.)

a. Brownish aromatic liquid.

Note. — The odour of this liquid has been compared to that of oil of
cassia. When pure the liquid is pale yellow. This specimen is some of
the first made in this coimtry, and was prepared by the late Mr. Morson,
at the request of a customer, that he should distil together some sulphuric
acid and bran, in order to produce a liquid for medicinal use in skin,
diseases.

BENZOIC SERIES. CnHon.gO.

504. Benzoic Aldehyde. CyHgO. (Essential Oil of Bitter Almonds.)

a. Obtained from bitter almonds by distillation with water.
h. Ditto, freed from hydrocyanic acid.

505. Salicylic Aldehyde. C^E^O^. (Salicylol, Salicylous acid,

Hydride of Salicyl.)
a. Fragrant, colourless liquid. (Oil of Meadowsweet.)

218

Aldehydes.

CINNAMIC SERIES. C„H2„_ioO.

506. CiNNAMic Aldehyde. Cy 0.

a. Nearly pure. (Oil of Cinnamon.)
h. Ditto. {Oil of Cassia.)

507. Vanillin. C7H5(CH3)03.

a. White powder, prepared from coniferin.
Note.— This specimen is some of the first introduced into this country
It is not pure vaniUin, but contains a proportion of sugar, in which state
it was first offered in English commerce. Vanillin is placed here,
because it is regarded as the aldehyde of protocatechuic acid in which one
molecule of hydi-ogen is replaced by methyl. See Attjield, Chemistry,
6th edition, p. 406.

KETONES.

508. Acetone. CgHgO.

a. Colourless liquid.

Note.— Fox the difference between aldehydes and ketones, see Fownes,
Chemistry, p. 751.

MONOBASIC ACIDS.
ACETIC SERIES, CoHsn Oj.

509. Formic Acid. H C KO^.

a. Colourless fluid, with a pungent odour.
h. Ditto, sp. gr. 1-020.

Note. — Specimen a is concentrated; b is of the strength used in
medicine.

510. Acetic Acid. HCgHgOg.

a. Glacial acetic acid, solid at 50° Fahr.

b. Acidum Aceticum Fortius, B.P.

511. BuTTEic Acid. HC4H7O2.

a. Colourless liquid, with a fetid odour.

512. Valerianic Acid. HCgHgOg. (Valeric Acid.)

a. Colourless oily liquid.

513. Caproic Acid. HCg H^^ Og.

a. Colourless oily liquid, with a fetid odour.

514. GEnanthylic Acid. HC7 H^g Og.

a. Colourless oily Hquid.

515. Mtristic Acid. HC^^ Hg^ Og. (Myristicin.)

a. Pearly tabular crystalline scales.

Note. — This specimen was prepared by Professor Fluckiger, from
crystalline matter obtained during the distillation of oil of nutmeg.
See P. J. [3], vol. t., p. 136; small specimens of the myristicates of
sodium and barium are enclosed in the same bottle.

219

Monobasic Acids. ' ,

616. Palmitic Acid. HCie Og.

a. Commercial specimen.

b. Crystalline cakes, melting point 132° to 140° Fahr.

c. Crystalline cakes, melting point 140.8° Fahr.
jSfote.—S-pecimen 6 is a finely crystallized cake of the "Best Palm

Stearine " of commerce, and specimen c is nearly pure. These speci-
mens were presented by Mr. J. Wilson, manager of Price's Patent
Candle Co.

517. Margaeic Acid.

a. Pearly crystalline scales.
Note— This specimen is probably a mixture consisting chiefly of
stearic and palmitic acids. It is the margaric acid of Chevreul.

618. Stearic Acid. HCjg H35 Og.

a. Pearly crystalline scales, melting point 155° Fahr.
Note.— This specimen was presented by Mr. J. Wilson, manager of
Price's Patent Candle Co., and is as pure chemically as possible.

619. Oleic Acid. HCig Hgg Og.

a. Colourless oily liquid, pure.

LACTIC SERIES, CnHsnCs.

620. Lactic Acid. HCg H5 O3.

a. Pore, concentrated, sp. gr. 1"210.

b. Diluted, for mediciaal purposes, sp. gr. 1*030.

KINIG SERIES. C„ Hau _ 2 Or

521. KiNic Acid. IIC7 H^^ Og. (Quinic Acid.)

a. Crystals.

BENZOIC SERIES, CnHou.sO,.

522. Benzoic Acid. HC^HgOg.

a. Crystals.

b. Ditto.

c. Ditto, from elephant's urine.

Note. — Specimen a was obtained from Palambang benzoin, a sample
of which will be found in the Materia Medica Collection, No. 361.o.
Specimen b was obtained from hippuric acid, prepai-ed from urine.

623. Benzoic Chloride. C7 H5OCI. (Benzoyl Chloride.)

a. Colourless pungent liquid.

624. Hippuric Acid. HCg Hg NO3. (Benzamidacetic Acid.)

a. White acicular crystals.

A^o«e.— Specimens 523 and 524 are placed here for the sake of con-
venience.

OXYBENZOIG SERIES, C„ Hn _sOi

525. Salicylic Acid. HC7 H5 O3.

a. Crystalline powder, not quite pure.

220

Bihasic Acids.

h. White crystalline powder.

iVote.— This specimen was prepared from carbolic acid ; it is of a
pinkish colour.

GALLIC SERIES. C„H2„_n03.

526. Gallic Acid. H Hj O5. (Bioxy salicylic Acid. Trioxyben-

zoic Acid.)
a. A commercial specimen.
6. In nearly -white acicular crystals.

c. A fine specimen. Presented by Messrs. Morson & Son.

CINNAMIC SERIES, C„ H2 _io O2.

527. CiNNAMic Acid. HCg H7 Oj.

a. Crystalline scales.

BIBASIC ACIDS.
MUCIC SERIES. Cn H^n - 1 Og.

528. Mucic Acid. H3 Cg Hg Og.

a. White powder.

SUCCINIC SERIES, CnHaa-aOj.

529. Oxalic Acid. Cg 0^.

a. Commercial specimen.

h. Large rhombic prisms.

c. Small acicular crystals, pure.

Note. — Specimen c much resembles ordinary Epsom salts in appear-
ance.

530. Succinic Acid. C4 H4 O4.

a. Crystallized.

531. SaBBEic Acid. HgCgH^gO^.

a. Crystalline powder.

532. Skbacic Acid. Hc^G^qK^qO^. (Sebic Acid.)

a. Pearly crystalline scales.

MALIC SERIES. Cn Hjn- 2 O5.

533. Malic Acid. HoC^H^Og.

a. Deliquescent prismatic crystals.

TARTARIC SERIES. CnHsn-jO,.

534. Tartabic Acid. H3 C^ Og. {Bextro-tartaric Acid.)

a. Crystals.

535. Racemic Acid. Hj C^ Og. (Para-tartaric Acid.)

a. Crystals.

221

Trihasic Acids and Cyanogen Acids.

Note.— This specimen is part of the racemic acid produced by Kestner
between 1820 and 1824. It was exhibited in 1851 at the International
Exhibition, and was purchased at its close by Professor Eedwood, by whom
this specimen were presented to the Society. For distinctive characters
of the crystals, see Fownes, Chemistry, p. 736.

CAMPHORIC SERIES, C„H2u_4 04.

53G. Camphoric Acid. Hg C^q O4.
a. Crystalline powder.

PHTHALIC SERIES. 0„H2n-io04.

537. Phthalio Acid. HgCgH^O^. (Orthophthalic Acid, AUzanc,

or Naphthalic Acid.)
a. Pale yellowish powder.

TRIBASIO ACIDS.

TRIG ARB ALLYLIC SERIES. C^Hin-iOji

538. Citric Acid. H3 Cg H5 O7.

a. Crystals.

ACONITIC SERIES. Cu Hzn-e O3.

539. AcoNiTic Acid. H3 Cg H3 O3. (GUridic Acid, Squisetic Acid.)

a. Pale fawn-coloured powder.

ME CONIC SERIES. CaHto- ioOy,

^40. Meconic Acid. H3 C7 H O7.

a. Impure, in acicular crystals.

b. Pure, in acicular crystals.

ACID CYANOGEN COMPOUNDS.

541. Hydrocyanic Acid. H Cy. (Hydrogen Cyanide, Prwsic Acid.)

a. Colourless liquid. (Scheele's Prussic Acid.)
h. Colourless liquid. (Acidum Hydrocyanicum dilutum,
B.P.)

Note. — Specimen a contains 5 per cent, of anhydrous acid, and speci-
men 6, 2 per cent.

542. Htdroferroctanic Acid. Fe" Cyg. (Hydrogen Ferrocy-

anide.)
a. White powder.

543. Ctanuric Acid. C3 H3 N3 O3.

a. Small prismatic crystals.

222

COMPOUND AMMONIAS OR AMINES.
544. Tkimbthylamine. N (C 113)3.
a. Solution.

Note.— This liquid has been lately used in the treatment of rheuma-
tism. It is this organic base which gives the peculiarly fishy odour to
herring brine and to the loaves of Chenopodium oUdum, Curt., and in a
slight degree to ergot of rye. See P. J. [3], vol. iii., pp. 661-671.

5-15. Trimethylamine Hydrochloratb. N (0113)3 H 01.
a. In small cubical crystals.

546. Amylamine. NH2(C5Hi;i).

a. A colourless liquid vyith an ammoniacal odour.

547. Amylamine Hydrochloratb. N Hg (Cg H^i) H 01.

a. In crystalline scales.

iVo«e.— This substance has been tried in typhoid fever. See P. J. [3] ,
vol. iv., p. 490. This specimen was presented by Messrs. Bobbins & Co.

BASES OBTAINED FROM COAL TAR.

548. Aniline. Og Hy N. (Monophenylamine, Eyanol, Benzidam, Phena-

mide.)

a. Brownish oily liquid.

Note. — When first prepared this base was colourless, but has become
darkened by exposure to hght.

549. Aniline Chloride. Cg Hg (01) N. (Ghlor aniline.)

a. Blackish granular powder, crude.

550. Aniline Sulphate. (Og 117)3 Hg SO4.

a. Grey granular powder, crude.

551. ToLUiDiNB. OYHyNHg, {Amidotoluene, Para-tolmdine.)

a. Crude, in brownish micaceous crystals.

BASES OBTAINED PROM ALDEHYDES.

552. FURFURINE. Cj5 H^g ^2 ^S'

a. Brown crystalline powder.

Note.- — This specimen was prepared by Professor Fownes, from furfurol
made by the late Mr. T. N. E. Morson. See Furfurol, p. 217.

553. FuRFURiNE Nitrate. C^g B.-^^ Ng O3 NO3.

a. Brownish crystals.
Note. — This specimen was also prepared by Professor Fownes.

NATURAL ORGANIC BASES, ETC.

554. ACONITINE. C30 H 7 NO7. ?

a. White opaque lumps.

223

Alkaloids.

565. Apomorphine Hydbochlorate, C^y H^^ ITOg HCl.

a. In acicular crystals.

666. Atropine. C17H23NO3.

a. Small acicular crystals.

55 J'. Atropine Sulphate. (C^y H23]Sr03)2 Hg SO4.

a. White granular pieces.

558. Bebberinb Htdrochloratb. C^g Hgj NOg HCI. (Bibirtne

Hydrochlorate.)

a. Dirty-white granular crusts.

I 559. Bebebrine Sulphate. (019113^^03)2112804.

a. Dark brown pseudo-crystalline scales.

j 660. Berbbrinb". Cgi H^g NO5.

a. In yellowish powder.

Note. — For other specimens see the Hanbury Collection. For identity
of this alkaloid with buxine and pelosine see P. J. [2] , vol. xi., p. 192.

561. Brucine. C23 Hgg 0^.

a. In minute acicular crystals.

562. Brucine Sulphate. (C22 Hgg 'No 0^)^ Ho SO4.
j a. In nearly white crystalline powdei".

563. Capsicine.

a. Dark brown pungent oily liquid.
Note. — This substance is the capsicine of commerce. It is a complex
body, consisting chiefly of volatile oil and resin. Pure capsicin occurs
in crystalline scales. See Pharmacographia, p. 408.
j -564 Cinchonine. Cgo H24 ^2 0.

a. White crystalline powder.

565. Cinchonine Hydrochlorate. Coq Hg^ N2 0 H 01.

a. In minute acicular crystals.

Note.— TMa substance is very similar in appearance to sulphate of
quinine.

566. Cinchonine Sulphate. (Coq Hg^ ITg 0)2 ETg SO4.

a. Sparkling crystalline powder,
j b. Prismatic crystals.

567. OiNcnoNiDiNE. C20 Ho^ N^ 0. (The Qumidine of Winclcler 8f

Leers.)

a. Minute sparkling crystals.
Note.— IhiB specimen consists of the cinchonidine of Pasteur. See
Pharmacographia, T^.Z2l. P. «7. [3J, vol. iv., p. 671.

568. Codeine, Ojg H21 NO3.

a. In rather large octahedral crystals.
Note.— 'Fox fig, of crystals see P. J. [1] , vol. vi. p. 561
I 569. CoNiiNE. CaHigN". (Gicuiine.)
a. Brown oily liquid.

224

AlJcaloids.

570. CoNiiNE Htdrobromate. Cg NHBr.

a. Transparent six-sided tabular crystals.
Note. — This specimen was presented by Messrs. Morson & Son. The
crystals are neutral, and do not appear to be deliquescent, as is sometimeR
stated. Some very perfect crystals may be seen in the central case in
this museum, in which crystalline forms are illustrated.

571. Delphine. H35 NOg.

a. Nearly white powder.
672. Emetine. G^q H30 O5 ?

a. Pale brown powder.
Note. — When pure, emetine is colourless. For formulae suggested for
the alkaloid, see Pharviacographia, p. 335.
573. Menispermine. C^g H^g NOg.

a. White crystalline powder.
574 Morphine. C^^ H^g NO3.

a. White acicular crystals.

575. Morphine Acetate. C^y H^g 1^03, HCg H3 Og.

a. Pale fawn-coloured powder.

576. Morphine Htdrochlorate. C^^ H^g NO3 H CI.

a. White powder.

577. Morphine Iodide. C^^ H^g NO3 H I.

a. Crystalline powder.

578. Morphine Valerianate. C^^ H^g NOg, HC5 Hg Og.

a. Tale brown powder.

579. Narcotine. C22 NH^.

ft. Impure, in prismatic needles.
h. Pure.

j^ofg. — The basic properties of this substance are very feeble ; although
freely sohible in acids, it does not for the most part form crystallizable
salts with them and is neutral to test paper.

580. Narceine. C23 Egg NHg.

ft. Acicular crystals.

581. Papaverine. C21 Hgj

ft. Yellowish crystalline powder.

582. Pilocarpine Nitrate. C23 H35 O4 HNO3.

a. In tufts of acicular crystals.

583. Pilocarpine Phosphate. Cgg H35 N4 O4 HPO3.

ft. White crystalline scales.

j^ote. These specimens were presented by Mr. A. W. Gerrard, who

was the first to prepare the alkaloid in this country. See Journ. Chem.
Sac, Oct. 1876, p. 367. P. J. [3], vol. v., p. 965.
684. QuiNiDiNE. C20 H„^ Ng Og.

ft. White amorphous pieces.

225

Allcaloids.

585. QuiNiDiNB Sulphate. (Ogo Kg 03)0 Hg S O4.

a. White silky crystals.

586. Quinine. Cgo H24 Og-

a. A white granular powder.

587. Quinine Acetate. Cgo Hg^, Ng O3 H Cg H3 Og.

a. Minute acicular crystals.

588. Quinine Arsenate. • (Cgg Hg^ Ng Og)3 H3 As O4. '

a. Minute acicular crystals.

589. Quinine Citrate. (Cgg ^3 03)3 H3 Cg O7.

a. Minute acicular crystals.

590. Quinine Ferroctanide. (O20 N2 Oa)* H4 Fe Cys.

a. Pale green powder.

591. Quinine Hydrate, Ogg Hg^ N'g O3, Hg 0.

a. White amorphous pieces.

"92. Quinine Hydrochlorate. Ooq Hg^ Ng Og H CI,
a. Silky crystals.

593. Quinine Hydriodatb. Cgg Hgj^ Ng Og H I.

a. Pale yellow powder.

594. Quinine Ktnatb. Coq Ho^ Ng Og H C7 H^g Og.

a. Dark brown extractiform pieces.

595. Quinine Phosphate. C30 Ho^ Ng Og H P O3.

a White acicular crystals.

596. Quinine Sulphate. (Cgo Hg^ Ng Ogjg Hg S 0 .

a. Silky crystals.

597. Quinine Acid Sulphate. Coq Hg^ No Og Hg S 0^.

a. Crystalline lumps, slightly discoloured.

598. Quinine Tartrate. (O20 H24 :N"2 ©2)2 Hg C4 H4 Og.

a. Small acicular crystals.

599. Quinine Valerianate. C20 H24 1^2 O2 H C5 Hg O2.

a. Minute acicular crystals.

I. Flattened prisms slightly discoloured.

c. White granular powder.

600. Quinoidinb. {Amorphmis Quinine, Ghinoidine.)

a. Amorphous black extractiform mass.

Note.—Tbis substance consists of quinine and other alkaloids of
Cinchona bark in the amorphous state.

601. Solanine. C43 Heg JSTOie.

a. White powder.

Note.-This body is not a pure alkaloid, but a conjugated compound of
an^albaloid, solanidme, N^s H39 NO, with sugar. See Pharmacographia,

Q

226

Alkaloids and Amides.

602. Stktohnine. Cgj Hgg Ng Og.

a. Prismatic crystals.

603. Strychnine Acetate. Ogi Hgg H H3 Og.

a. Crystalline powder.

604. Strychnine Arsenitb. (Cgj Hgj Ng 02)3 H3 As O3.

a. Acicular crystals.

605. Strychnine Hydrochlorate. Cgj Ng O2 HCl.

a. Silky crystals.

606. Strychnine Hydriodate. C21 H23 N2 O2 H I.

a. Acicular crystals.

607. Strychnine Nitrate. C31 Hog ISTg Og HNOg.

a. Shining acicular crystals

608. Strychnine Sulphate. (Cgi H32 Ng 03)2 H2 SO4.

a. Minute cubical crystals.

609. Methyl- Strychnia. Cgi Hgi (CH3) N2 Og.

a. Tellowish prismatic crystals.
Note.— This alkaloid is stated to be non-poisonous. See P. J. [2],
vol. i., p. 561.

610. Thebaine. CigHsiNOg. (ParamorpUa.)

a. Crystalline powder.

611. Theine. CgHioN^Og.

a. Silky crystals, obtained from tea.
h. Ditto, obtained from coffee,
c. Ditto, obtained from guarana.

612. Veratrine. C32 H52 N2 Og.

a. Amorphous white pieces.

AMIDES.

613. Acetamidb. ISr (C3 H3 0) .

a. White acicular crystals.

614. OxAMiDB. N2 H4 (C2 Ogy.

a. White powder.

615. Urea. N2 (C 0)".

a. Colourless four-sided prisms.
2^ote —This substance has the same empiiical formula as carbamide,
from which, however, it differs in its product of oxidation. It is placed
here as having the composition of an amide.

616. ASPARAGIN. N H2 (C4 Hg N O4).

a. Colourless, rather large crystals.
Note.-This body has the constitution of an amide of aspartic acid.
For fig. of crystals, see P. J. [1] , vol. vi., p. 5C0.

227

TJRIC ACID AND ITS OXIDATION PRODUCTS.

617. Ubic Acid. H0C5N4H3O3. (Lithic Acid.)

a. White powder.
h. Boa constrictor's excrement.
Note. — Specimen b consists almost entirely of uric acid and ammonic
urate.

618. Allantoin. C4 N4 Hg O3.

a. Brilliant prismatic crystals.
Note. — This specimen was prepared by the action of peroxide of lead
on uric acid.

619. Alloxan. C^NgHgO^.

a. Rectangular prismatic crystals.
Note. — Obtained by the action of cold nitric acid on uric acid. The
crystals have a purplish tint, acquired by exposure to light.

620. Alloxan™. Cg N^ O7 + 3aq.

a. Colourless oblique rhombic prisms.
Note. — Produced by the action of hot dilute nitric acid on uric acid.

621. Pakabanic Acid. C3N3H2O3. (Paraban.)

a. Colourless thin prismatic crystals.
Note. — This substance results from the action of hot moderately strong
nitric acid on uric acid.

622. Thionurate op Ammonium.

a. In colourless minute scaly crystals.

Note^. — Formed by the action of sulphm-ous acid and ammonia on
alloxan.

h. Recrystallized.
Note. — These crystals have a pink tint, which is assumed on re-crystal-
lization, apparently by loss of one molecule of water at 100° Cent.

c. Crystalline powder, of a yellowish tint.
lYote.— This yellowish colour is probably due to the presence of some
TJanthinine, which is formed when thionurate of ammonium is heated to
200° Cent.

G2.3. Uramil. C4 N3 H5 O3. (Dial-uramide, Uramile.)

a. White crystalline powder.

Note.—Thi^ substance is obtauaed by the action of hydrochloric acid on
tbionurate of ammonium.

624. Mdrexide. CgNgHgOe + aq. {ProuVsPurpurate of Ammonia.)

a. Square prismatic crystals.
J^oie— These small crystals have a green metalUc lustre, but by
transmitted Ught are deep piirpUsh red.

COLOURING PRINCIPLES, ETC.

625. Indigo. CieHioNgOg.

a. In deep blue lumps, with a coppery lustre.
6. Sublimed, in acicular crystals. (Indigotine.)

228

Colounng Princifles.

626. IsATiN. CioH^o^^aOi-

a. Deep red prismatic crystals,

Note. — Prepared by treating indigo with Bulpliurio acid and bichromate
of potassium.

627. Anilic Acid. N O5.

a. White crystalline powder.
Note. — Formed by the action of boiling nitric acid on indigo.

628. Anthranilic Acid. N Oo. {Phenyl-Garbamic Acid,

Garhanilic Acid.)
a. White powder.

629. LiTMns.

a. Deep blue angular fragments.

Note. — Obtained from Eoccella fucLformis, E. tinctoria, and R. Mon-
tagnei. See Mat. Med. Catalogue, p. 160, No. 133.

630. Alizarin. C^^. Hg O4.

a. Bright red acicular crystals.
Note. — This specimen was prepared by sublimation.

631. Purpuric. Ci^HgOg.

a. Dark red acicular crystals.
2^o{e.— Obtained from madder by treatment with alum and sulphuric
*acid.

632. Garakcin.

a. Purplish powder. '
j^o(e.— Produced by the action of sulphuric acid upon madder.

633. Hjimatoxtlin. C^e H^^ Og.

a. Small lumps consisting of radiating prismatic crystals,
i^ote.— Obtained from logwood. See Mat. Med. Catalogue, p. 36,
No. 194.

634. Purree. (Indian Yelloio.)

a. Yellow amorphous pieces.
Note —This substance is said to be made from camel's urine. It is
used in oil, and water-colour painting. It is stated to be a magnesia salt
of euxanthic acid. See P. J. [1] , vol. iv., p. 417.

635. Chrtsammic Acid. Hg IST^ Oio-

a. Yellow powder.
Note.—OUnmei by the action of nitric acid on aloes.

636. Chrtsammatb of Potassium. K C7 H Ng Oj.

,a. Dark brown crystalline powder.
Note.-The crystals have a greenish metallic lustre, like that of
murexide.

229

Colouring Principles.

637. Chrtsophanic Acid. C^q ^s-

a. Brilliant golden scales.

6. Dull yellow nodules.

c. Bright yellow crystalline scales.

2»^o«e.— Specimen a was prepared by Mr. F. J. Hanbury from rhubarb ;
specimen h from Goa powder by benzol ; and specimen c from Goa powder
by sublimation ; h and c were prepared by Mr. Postans. See Mat. Med.
Catalogue, p. 33, No. 178 ; P. J. [3] , vol. vii., p. 664.

/

230

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

DERIVED CHIEFLY FROM THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.

638. ALBaMEN. (Albumin.)

a. Prepared from serum of blood.

b. Prepared from eggs.

Note. — Specimen b has tlie property, when in the liquid state, of
giving a precipitate when shaken with ether.

c. Vegetable albumen.

639. Protein. (Potassium Albuminate.)

a. Wbitish sandy powder.

640. Casein. (AllcaU Albuminate.)

a. Obtained from milk.

641. Fibrin.

a. Animal fibrin, obtained from fi-esb bliaod by stirring it.

b. Vegetable fibrin, obtained from oatmeal.

642. Hj:matin. Cgg H^og N;i2 Peg Ojg.

a. Blackish extractiform substance.

643. Pepsin.

a. Prepared from the stomach of tbe calf.

b. Prepared from the stomach of the pig.

^ote.— Specimen a is a mixture of pepsin and starch such as is
usually met with in commerce.

644. Gelatin.

fi. Obtained from calves' feet.

b. Grenatin.

c. Vegetable gelatin. (GUadin, Gluten.)

d. Ditto, prepared from seaweed in Japan. (Gelose.)
jj-Qte —Specimen c was obtained from wheat gluten by treatment with

boiling alcohol. For various kinds of natural gelatin, see Collection o
Animal Materia Medica, p. 259, No. 800 to 817. For gelose, see P. J. (2)
vol. i. p. 470 ; Hanbunj, Science Papers, p. 207.

645. Gltcocine. (GlycocoU.)

a. White powder.
jvTote.— Obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid on gelatin.

646. Leucine. (Gaseous Oxide, Amidocaproic Acid, Aposepedlne.)

a. White shining scales.
2^ote.— Obtained by the action of boiUng solution of potassium
hydrate on gelatin. {Glycocine and leucine partly on account of their
being derived from gelatine, and partly because of their anomalous nature,
being capable of acting either as acids or bases,-are more convemently
placed among the animal organic compounds than elsewhere. See Fownc><
Chemistry, VV- 895,896.)

23]

647. Ttrosin.

a. Acicular crystals.
Note. — Obtained from casein, horn, or cocliineal, etc. See Watts'
Diet. Chem., vol. v., p. 930.

648. Erttheosin.

a. Orange-red flakes.
Note. — Obtained by the action of nitric acid on tyrosin. See Ann.
Chem. et Pharm., vol. cxvi., p. 87.

649. GLrcocHOLic Acid. Cgg H^g N Og.

a. "White acicular crystals.
Note. — Occurs in oxgall, combined with sodium or potassium.

650. Cholig Acid. C^i H^g O5. (Gholalic Acid.)

a. White powder.
Note. — Obtained by the action of boiling solution of potassium hydrate
on glycocholic acid.

651. Taurocholic Acid. Cjg H^. N S O7.

a. White powder.
Note. — This acid is one of the constituents of oxgall.

652. Tatjrin.

a. In rather large transparent hexagonal prisms.
Note. — Obtained by the action of boiling alkali or acid on taurocholic
acid. See Collection illustrating Crystallography, for some very perfect
crystals of this substance. ■

653. Pangreatik. {Pancreatic Oil, Pancreatic Fluid.)

a. Oily fluid.
Note. — This specimen was prepared by Professor Kedwood.

654. Creatine. C4 Hg Og, 2H3 0.

a. Prismatic crystals.
J^oie.— Obtained from the juice of meat, etc. It is a neutral substance.

655. CEEATimNE. Ci H7 0.

a. Prismatic crystals.

ATote.— Obtained from creatine by the action of strong acids. It is a
strong base.

232

SPECIMENS ILLUSTRATING CRYSTALLOGRAPHY.

The folloiuing series of models are in glass boxes, showing in their
interior, by means of wires of different colours, the chief forms
derived from the typical crystal which the box represents. These
forms are arranged in this list, as if commencing from the centre and
proceeding to the outside of each glass box. For representations
of these forms, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i. p. 142-147. The
numbers in parentheses refer to the figures in that worJc: —

606. I. Regular System. (Tetrahedric, Monometric, Octohedral,
Cubic, Equal- axed system.)

a. Cube (Fig. 17) showing the following forms: —

Bed, cube. (fig. 20.)

Yellow, octahedron, (fig. 18.)

I>arh Blue,* rhombic dodecahedron, (fig. 19.)

BlacTi line in glass itself, tetrahedron, (fig. 21.)

b. Cube.

Yellow, *octahedron.

White line in glass, tetrahedron.

c. Cube.

Bed, cube.

Pale yellow, octahedron.
Baric blue, rhombic dodecahedron.
Orange, *trapezohedron.
Green, *four- faced cube.

d. Cube.

White, cube octahedron.
Green, macles.
Bed, cube.
Yelloiv, *octahedron.

White and blue lines on the glass, tetrahedron.

Note.— In the above models some forms are more easily distinguished
in model a than in b,c, or d, and vice versa; those which are most
readily seen are marked with an asterisk in the Ust.

It will be observed that the same colour indicates the same form
in each model ; thus yellow is the colour used for the octahedron, red
for the cube, orange for the trapezohedron, dark blue for the rhombic
dodecahedron, and white on one side and dark blue or black on the
opposite side for the tetrahedron. All the above models wUl also be
observed to have three equal axes, each of which is at right angles to the
others; these are incUcated by the red wires in the centre of each
cube.

233

In the same case with the glass models ivill he found toleraUy perfect
crystals, helonging to the cubical system, of the following sub-
stances : —

657. Cube. Iron Pyrites. (Bisulphide of Iron.)

Galena.

Iodide of Potassium.
Bromide of Potassium.

658. Octahedron.

Alum, small octahedra.
Ditto, a large octahedron.
Chrome alum, ditto.

Chrome alum and common alum crystallized together in

one octahedron.

Note. — These remarkably fine octahedra were prepared and presented
by Mr. W. Copney. See P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 536.

659. Dodecahedron.

Iron Pyrites.

660. Hollow Pyramids.

Chloride of Sodium.

Models in wood of the following crystalline forms, also helonging to the
cubical system, xoill he found in the upper compartment of case
No. 9 .—

e. Octahedron.

/. Ilhombic dodecahedron.

g. Trapezohedron.

h. Tetrahedron.

661. II. Square Prismatic System. (Pyramidal system, 2 and 1

axed system.)

a. Glass model (fig. 24), showing the following forms: —

White, short octahedron with squai-e base.

Yellow, long octahedron with square base.

Black lines on the glass, square prism.

Note. — In this system the two horizontal axes, indicated by red wires,
are equal in length, while the vertical one is either longer or shorter than
the two horizontal axes; all tkree axes being at right angles to one
another.

b. Crystal of Ferrocyanide of Potassium.

Note.— This is a short octahedron with a square base ; the apex in
this specimen is truncated.

c. Wooden model of Ferrocyanide of Potassium,
c. Wooden model of Mercurous Chloride.

Note.— For fig. of this model, see Phillips' Transl. of Pharm., p. 310.

234

Crystallography.

d. Wooden model of Mercuric Cyanide.
Note.-^ov fig of this model, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 947, fig. 147
The specimens c and d wUl bo found in the upper compartment of the
central case, No. 9, facing the glass models.

6G2. III. Rhombohedric System. {Hexahedral System. The 3
and 1 axed system.)
a. Glass model (fig. 28), showing the following forms :—
White, rhombohedron, fig. 29.
Blue, hexagonal scalenohedron, fig. 32.
The whole of the model, hexagonal prism.
Note.—hx this system there are three horizontal axes of equal length,
at angles of 60° to each other, and one vertical axis, either longer or
shorter than the other three, and placed at a right angle to them. In this,
■as in all other glass models, the axes are indicated by red wires.
h. Rhombohedron of Iceland Spar.
Note. — This specimen exhibits well the phenomenon of double refrac-
tion, as may be seen by looking at the single label placed beneath it.

c. Wooden model of an hexagonal prism.

d. Wooden model of a rhombohedron of Iceland Spar.
GG3. ly. Right Prismatic System. (Prisviatic Trimetrie System.

1 and 1 axed system.)

a. Glass model (fig. 35), showing the following forms :—

Yelloio, octahedron with rhombic base (fig. 38).

Blacli lines on the glass, rhombic prism (fig. 39).

The whole of the model, rectangular prism (fig. 37).

Note. — In this system all three axes are unequal in length, and placed
at right angles to each other.

h. Crystals and half-crystals of Potassio-tartrate of
Sodium.

Note. — For fig. of these crystals, see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 364.

c. Rectangular prisms of Ferricyanide of Potassium.

d. Right rhombic prisms of Citric Acid.

Note. — For fig. of these crystals, see Phillips' Tratisl. Pharm., p. 96.

e. Wooden model of Citric Acid. Two specimens.

Note. — One specimen resembles the crystals of the acid exhibited with
the glass models in the central case, and the other is figured in P/uiii/w"
Transl. Pharm., p. 96. They are right rhombic prisms.

/. Wooden model of Rochelle Salt. Two specimens.

Note. — These specimens represent a crystal and a half crystal ; the
latter being the most common form of the salt. For flg., see Phillips'
Tra7isl. Pharm., p. 364, fig. 1, 2.

g. Wooden model of Nitrate of Potassium. Two specimens.
Note. — For fig. of one of these specimens, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i.,
p. 540, fig. 87. ; the other model has one end of the right rhombic prisiu
terminating in a hexahedral summit.

235

Crystallographj.

h. Wooden model of Salpliate of Magnesium. (Bight rhom-

bic prisms.) Two specimens.

i. Very fine crystal, presented by Mr W. Copney.
Note.—¥or figixres of these models, see Phillips' Transl. Fharm., p. 327,

fig. 1, 2. The specimen i is a large, nearly rectangular, prism (inclining
to° rhombic), with reversed dihedral summits. It was made by a pro-
cess, of which the detaUs will be found in P. J., vol. x., p. 536.

j. Wooden model of Sulphate of Potassium. Three speci-
mens.

Note.— For figs, of these specimens, see Per. Mat. Bled., vol. i., p. 503,
figs. 78-81. The larger model, represented by fig. 80., is a compound
crystal, as well as the smaller model (fig. 78), which bears a close resem-
blance to crystals of the prismatic system. The other model (fig. 78) is
a right rhombic prism.

h. Wooden model of Sulphur, as it crystallizes in the native
state. Two specimens.
Note.— ^or fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 353, fig. 55. This speci-
men is an acute rhombic octohedron. See also Watts' Diet. C/ie;u., vol.
v., p. 530., fig. 782.

I. Wooden model of Potassio-tartrate of Antimony. (Octa-
hedron with a rhomhic hose.)
Note.— Fox fig., see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 260.
m. Wooden model of Nitrate of Silver. (Right rhomhic
prism.)

Note.— Foi fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 507.
n. Wooden model of Bichloride of Mercury. (Rigid rhomhic
prism.)

Note.— For fig., see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 312.
0. Wooden model of Sulphate of Zinc. (Bight rhomhic
prism.)

Note. — For fig., see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 378.
p. Wooden model of Bitarti'ate of Potassium. (Right
rhomhic prisms.) Two specimens.
Note.— Foi- fig., see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 266, figs. 1, 2.

664 V. Oblique Prismatic System. (Monoclinic system.)
a. Glass model showing the following forms.
Yelloiv, oblique rhombic octahedron.
JBlaclc lines on the glass, oblique rhombic prism.
Thetchole of the model, oblique rectangular prism.
h. Crystal of Sugar. (Ohlique rhombic prism.)
Note. — Tliis specimen is a large perfect crystal, but is not quite
transparent. Presented by Mr. "W. "W. Stoddart.

c. Wooden model of Sulphur, as crystallized after fusion
and slow cooling.
Note.— For fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 353, fig. 66.

I

236

Crystallography.

d. Wooden model of Tartaric Acid. {Ohlique rhombic

prisms.) Two specimens.
Note.~Foi figs., see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 264, figs. 1, 2.

e. Wooden model of Bicarbonate of Potassium. (Right

oblique-angled prism.) Two specimens.
Note.~For figs, and remarks upon the resemblance of the crystals to
those of the right prismatic system, see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 346,
fig. 1, 2.

/. Wooden model of Acetate of Lead. (Bight oblique-angled
prism.)

Note.— For fig., see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 333.

g. Wooden model of Chlorate of Potassium. (Oblique rhom-

bic prism.)

Note.— Foi fig., see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 364.

h. Wooden model of Sulphate of Sodium. (Oblique rhombic

prism.)

Note.— For fig., see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 365.

i. Wooden model of Borax. (Oblique rhombic prism.)

i. Wooden model of Sulphate of Iron. (Oblique rhombic
prism) .

Note.— Fox fig., see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 301.

Ic. Wooden model of Carbonate of Sodium. (Oblique rhombic
prisms.) Two specimens.
Note.— Fox fig., see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 359, and Watts' Diet.
Chem.,\o\. i., p. 794.

I. Wooden model of Sugar. (Oblique rhombic prism.)
Note.— Fox fig., see Watts' Diet. Chem., vol. v., p. 470, fig. 781.

CGS. VI. DoDBLT Oblique Prismatic System. (Triclinic, or Anor-
thic system.)

a. Glass model showing the following forms.

Yellow, doubly oblique octahedron.
Blade lines on glass, doubly oblique prism.

b. Large crystals of Sulphate of Copper, presented by Mi,

W. Copney.

c. Smaller ditto.

d. Crystals of Sulphocarbolate of Calcium.

Note. — Specimens h, e, and d ai'e all oblique rhombic prisms. Speci-
men d consists of remarkably perfect crystals, made by Mr. T. H. Hust-
■wick.

e. Wooden model of Sulphate of Copper.
Note. — For fig., see Phillips' Transl. Pharm., p. 285.

237

COLLECTION OF MINERALS,

CARBON.

666. Graphite. (Plumbago, BlacUead.)

a. Foliated, Two specimens.

Note. — Graphite often contains traces of silicum, aluminium, iron,
magnesium, and calcium. See Dana, Mincralogij, 5th. eel., p. 24. Known
from molybdena by its deflagrating on heated charcoal.

TLUORmE.

667. Fluor Spar. Ca F. {Fluorite, Derhijsliire Spar.)

a. Amethyst variety, from Derbyshire. (Blue John .)

h. Green variety, from Cornwall. (GhloropJiane.)

Note. — Used for the production of hydrofluoric acid. SeeDajia, Mine-
ralogy, p. 124, for fig. of crystal, etc.

SULPHUR.

668. N'ative Sulphur.

a. Massive, from Dominica.

TELLURIUM,

669. Foliated Tellurium. (Magyagife, Blach Tellurium.)

a. Three small specimens, from Transylvania.

Note. — This mineral has somewhat the appearance of some varieties of
galena, but differs in being softer, so that it is easily cut by a Imife into
thin flexible lamiuaj ; and it gives a greyish sublimate when heated in
contact with an-. This mineral consists chiefly of tellurium (15 to 30 per
cent.) and lead, with small quantities of sulphur and lead and traces of
silver and copper. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 83.

BOROK

670. TiNCAL. (Native Borate of Soda.)

a. In small crystals, from Thibet.

b. A very large crystal with rounded angles.

c. Massive, from Nevada,

671. Bechilite, (Hydrous Borate of Lime.)

a. Massive, probably from Asia Minor.

Note.— This specimen is almost pure borate of calcium, and has the
appearance of white marble.

672. Hatescine. (Ulexite, Borocalcife, Sydro-borocalcite.)

a. In rounded nodules, from Iquique in Peru.
i^ofe.-This mineral consists almost entirely of the borates of calcium
and sodium. The nodiiles. which are rather dirty externally, are formed
of agglomerated snow-white, soft, acicular crystals. Yellowish prismatic
crystals of glauberite (a double sulphate of sodium and calcium) are fre
quently found inside the nodules. See Dana, MH(^ralogy, p, 592

238

SILICON.
673. Q UARTZ. (Mode Crystal^)

a. Mass of large crystals.

b. Mass of smaller crystals.

c. Rose quartz, massive.

Note. — Specimens b and c were presented by Mr. H. Pound. They
originally belonged to a collection made by Mr. J. K. Lord. For fig. of
the crystals, see Dana, Mineralogy, ^p. 192,

PHOSPHORUS.

674. Apatite. (Native PJwsphate of Lime.)

a. Massive. Two specimens. (Phosphorite.)

Note. — Used in making superphosphate manure, etc. See Dana, Mine-
ralogy, p. 530.

SODIUM.

675. Albite. (Soda Felspar.)

a. Massive. Two specimens.

Note. — This mineral is a double silicate of aluminum and sodium, with
tracesof iron, magnesium, calcium, and Potassium.

676. Natrolite. (Zeolite.)

a. In concretions of radiating acicular crystals.
^ote. — This mineral consists chiefly of the silicates of aluminum and
sodium, with traces of u-on and calcium. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 426.

LITHIUM.

677. Lepidolite. (Lithia Mica.)

a. Grey variety. Three small specimens.
j^ote. — Lithia mica contains from one to five per cent, of lithia. For
analysis, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 315.

678. Petalite.

a. Pink variety. Three small specimens.
2^o«e.— This mineral contains from two to five per cent, of lithia. See
Dana, Mineralogy, p. 229.

679. Spodtjmene.

a. Three small specimens.
J7ote .—Spodumene contains from 4 to 5 per cent, of litliia, sometimes
rather more. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 228.

SILVER.

680. Native Silver.

a. Crystallized, a small specimen.

239

681. Aegentite. (Sulphiret of Silver, Silver Glance.)
a. In small aggregated crystals.
Note. — This specimen consists of small tufts of crystal scattered over
the surface of galena.

BARIUM.

682. WiTHERlTE. (Garlonate of Baryta.)

a. Translucent crystalline lumps.

Note. — Used in making plate glass and heetroot sugar. See Dana,
Mineralogy , p. 697.

683. Baritb. (Barytes, Heavy Spar, Caiolc, Bolognan Spar.)

a. A large tolerably perfect crystal.

h. A mass of translucent tabular crystals.

c. A mass of opaque tabular crystals.

d. Massive. (Gawh)

e. Stalactitic, polisbed, containing sulphate of calcium from

Matlock.

Note. — Specimen a is about four inches long and thi'ee inches broad, and
two deep. Specimens c and d were presented by Mi". H. Pound. For a fig.
of crystals, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 616.

STRONTIUM.

684. Stkontianitb. (Strontian Spar, Garbonate of Stroutiaii.)

a. Crystallized. Two specimens.

Note. — Both Strontianite and Withenite frequently contain calcium
carbonate. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 699.

685. Cblestine. (Sulphate of Strontian.)

a. Crystallized. Two small specimens.

Note. — These are very pure specimens from the Keuper marls at Bristol.
See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 619.

CALCIUM.

686. Calcitb.

a. Rather large crystals, scarcely translucent.

b. Smaller crystals.

c. Tabular crystals, very white, presented by Mr. H. Pound.
2/o<e.— Specimen c resembles in appearance the crystals of sulphate of

barytes. Dana, Mineralogy, p. 670, fig. 553 a. Specimens a and b are
more Uke those of rock crystal. Dana, Mineralogy, p. 672, fig. 569, from
which they are easily distuiguished by effervescing with acids.

d. Minute crystals, from oolite.

e. Massive, with a layer of gypsum on its surface.

Note.- For a fine rhombohedron of Iceland spar, see collection of crv--
talline forms in Case No. 9.

240

687. Gypsum. (Sulphate of Lime.)

a. A large crystal, from Shofcover Hill, Oxfordshire.

Note. — For other specimens see the case, No. 9, containing crystalline
forms. For a fig. of crystal, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 637, fig. 535.

b. Satin Spar.

c. Fibrous Gypsum.

d. Alabaster. (Plaster Stone.)

Note. — The name Satin Spar is also applied to fibrous carbonate of lime,
which has a pearly lustre like that of specimen b. It may easily be dis-
tinguished from gypsum by effervescence with acids. See Dana, Mine-
ralogy, p. 638.

ALUMINUM.

688. Bauxite. (Beauxite.)

a. Massive, of a reddisa tint. Two specimens.

Note. — This mineral consists of the hydrates of aluminum and iron.
See Dana, Mineralogy 176.

689. Cryolite.

a. In translucent masses, from Greenland.
Note. — Cryolite is a double fluoride of sodium and aluminum. Both
these minerals and Bauxite, are used as sources of aluminum. See Dana,
Mineralogy , p. 126.

690. "Waybllite. (Devonite, Suhplwsphate of Alumina.)

a. In greenish globular concretions, having a radiated
structure, from Barnstaple.
Note.— Foi description, etc., see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 576.

691. GiBBSlTE. (Hijdrate of Alumina.)

a. Massive.
Note. — See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 177.

692. Alum Shale.

a. From Whitby.

h. Fossils from the lower strata.

c. Fossils from the middle strata.

d. Fossils from the upper strata.

GLUCINUM, OR BERYLLIUM.

693. Beryl.

a. Fonr specimens of a pale green hue.
IJote.—Qeryl is a silicate of aluminum and glucmum with traces of
iron, to which the greenish colour of some specimens is due.

CERIUM.

694. Ceritb.

a. Massive, tinged here and there of a peach colour.
JV^ote.— This mineral isasiUcate of cerium, lanthanium, anddidymium,
and small quantities of those of iron and calcium. See Dana, Mineralogy,
p. 413.

241

MAGNESIUM.

695. Dolomite. (Magnesian Limestone.)

a. Massive specimens, from S anderland.
}fote.— These specimens were presented by Mr. Smith. Several of
them present an appearance like the vertebra of some animal. Dolo-
mite is a carbonate of calcium and magnesium, and is used in preparing
magnesia and magnesium salts. See Dana, 3Iineralogy, p. 682.

696. Magnesite. (Native Carbonate of Magnesia.)

a. Earthy, pure white,
t &. A fine specimen, presented by Messrs. Huskisson and
Sons.

Note.— These specimens consist of almost pure carbonate of magnesium.
See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 686.

697. Brtjcite. (Hydrate of Magnesia, Native Magnesia.)

a. Foliated.
Note. — This mineral usually contains traces of iron.

698. DiALLAGE.

a. Foliated, of a pale green tint.
Note. — Diallage is composed of the silicates of magnesium, calcium, and
iron. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 215.

699. Mica. (Biotite, Hexagonal Mica, Uniaxial Mica.)

a. In shining laminae.
Note.— Biotite is chiefly a silicate of magnesium and aluminum, owing
its brownish tint to a portion of the aluminum being replaced by iron.

700. Asbestos.

a. Massive, probably from Cornwall. (AmpJiibole.)
h. Fibrous, white. (Amianthus.)
Note. — Asbestos is a sUicate of magnesium with varying proportions of
other elements.

701. Talc. (Soapstone, Steatite, Potstone.)

a. Massive. (French Chalh.)

Note. — This mineral is a bisilicate of magnesium with traces of iron
and aluminum.

702. Meerschaum. (Sepiolite.)

a. Compact.

Note. — Meerschaum is an hydrated silicate of magnesium with traces
of aluminum.

ZINC.

703. Calamine. (Carbonate of Zinc, Smithsonite, Dry Bone.)

a. Massive, from Cumberland.

6. Prepared, six specimens. (Prepared Calamine.)
Note. —This mineral consists chiefly of the carbonate of zinc and iron
with traces of manganese and occasionally other elements. See Dana,
Mineralogy, p. 692.

242

704. Electric Calamine. (Silicate of Zinc.)

a. Massive.

Note. — Electric calamine consists almost entirely of silicate of zinc.
See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 408.

705. Blende. (Sphalerite, Blade Jaclc, Sulphuret of Zinc.)

a. Crystalline, containing iron. (Marmatite.)
h. Ditto. (PJwspJwrescent Blende.)
Note. — The black colour of this mineral is due to sulphuret of iron.
See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 48.

CADMIUM.

706. Cadmium Blende. (GreenocTcite, Sulphuret of Gadmium.)

a. Crystallized,
Note. — For fig. of crystals, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 59.

COPPER.

707. Native Copper.

a. Massive, from Sontli Australia.

708. AzuRiTB. (Blue Carhonate of Copper, Blue Malachite, Azure

Copper Ore, Chessij Copper, Chessylite.)
Note. — This mineral is distinguished from the phosphate of copper
{Azurite of Jamieson) by having a blue streak, that of the phosphate
being white. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 572.

709. Malachite. (Green Carlonate of Copper, Green Malachite.)

a. Massive, cut and polished.
Note. — For varieties, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 713.

710. Cuprite. (Buly Copper Ore, Octahedral Copper Ore.)

a. Crystallized.
Note. — This mineral consists almost entirely of cuprous oxide ; traces
of selenium sometimes occur in it. Dana, Mineralogy, p. 133.

711. BoRNiTE. (Purple Copper Ore, Variegated Copper Ore, Peacock

Copper Ore.)
a. Massive.

Note.—TtAs mineral is usually variegated with purple and copper-red
and yellow. It contains sulphide of copper, with some sulphide of iron.
See Dana, Mineralogy , p. 44.

712. TowANiTE. (Chalcopyrite, Yellow Copper Ore, Copper Pyrites.)

a. Massive.

j^ote.— Towanite contains less copper than Bornite and has a less
specific gravity. It is also a mixture of the sulphides of copper and
iron. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 65.

713. Chalcocite. (Copper Glance, Vitreous Copper, Redruthite, Sul-

phide of Copper.)

a. Crystallized, from Cornwall.

243

' }Jote. — This mineral contains sulphide of copper and a trace of iron.
See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 5. It differs from tetrahedrite, or gray copper, in
not giving a red sublimate when heated. See, I.e., p. 103.

714. Specimens illustrating the stages in the process of smelt-

ing ORE.

a. Eive specimens of roasted oi*e.
Z>. Pare metal in small nodules.

MERCURY.

715. Cinnabar. (Sulphuret of Mercurij.)

a. Massive.

THALLIUM.

716. Thallifbrous Lion Pyrites.

a. Massive.

Note.— This mineral is a sulphide of iron containing thallium and
other metals. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 63.

GOLD.

717. Native.

a. On quartz.

TIN,

718. Cassitbrite. (Tin Stone, Native Oxide of Tin.)

a. Crystallized.

b. Massive, water worn'. (Stream Tin.)

c. Pseudomorphic, after felspar.

JV^ofe.— Specimen c consiat of three not quite perfect crystals. It
probably came from Wheal Coates, near St. Agnes, Cornwall. See Dana,
Mineralogy, p. 158.

719. Stannite. (Tin Pyrites, Bell Metal Ore. Sulplmret of Tin.)

a. Massive.

Note.— This mineral usually consists of the sulphides of tin, copper,
iron, and zinc. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 68.

TITANIUM.

720. Rutilb. (Bed Schorl, Tltanite, Native Oxide of Titanium.)

a. Crystalliue, of a reddish brown colour.

2^o«e.— Eutile consists almost entirely of titanic aci.l, with traces of
iron only. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 160.

721. Nitride of Titanium.

a. Crystallized, of a copper-red colour.

Wote.— This is a fine specimen of the crystals, deposited on a piece of
the slag from an iron fu-s nace.

244

LEAD.

722. MiMETiTE. (Arsenate of Lead.)

a. Crystallized, on psilomelane.

h. Ditto, containing phosphoric acid (Oampylite, Phospho-

arsenate of Lead) .

Note. — Specimen h was probably obtained from Cumberland. See
Dana, Mineralogy, p. 537.

723. Certjssite. (White Lead Ore, Carbonate of Lead.)

a. In slender white prismatic crystals.

724. Crocoite. (Gh-omate of Lead).

a. Forming a crystalline film on native arsenic.
Note. — For description and form of crystals, see Dana, Mineralogy,
p. 629.

725. Pyromorphite. (Phosphate of Lead, Green Lead Ore.)

a. Crystallized. Two specimens.

Note. — This mineral consists chiefly of phosphate, with some chloride
of lead. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 536.

726. GrALKNiTE. (Galena, Sulphide of Lead.)

a. Massive, in cubical pieces.

6. Massive, surmounted with octahedra.

c. In cubes, on fluorspar, from Himmelfarth mine,

Freiberg.

d. A specimen from Laxey, Isle of Man.
jfo(e._Specimen e was presented by Mr. E. L. Crow. It contains also

copper and blende.

The following note is appended to the specimen : " This mme (Laxey)
yields per month, from a depth of 215 fathoms, 120 io^s of lead (each
ton containing from fifty to sixty ounces of silver), thhty tons of copper,
and from three to four hundred tons of blende."

For fig. of the crystals of galena, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 40.

IRON.

727. PHARMACOSinERiTE. (Arsenicated Iron Ore.)

a. Crystalline,

728. SiDERiTE. (Garhonate of Iron.)

a. Crystallized. (Spathose Iron, Brown Spar.)

b. Massive, compact. (Glay Iron Stone.)

c. Ditto, roasted.

729. Magnetite. (Magnetic Iron Ore, Octahedral Iron Ore.)

a. Massive.

b. In distinct octahedra. Bight crystals.
Note.— See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 149.

245

730. HEMATITE. (Bed Iron Ore, Bed Oxide of Iron.)

a. Crystallized, having a metallic lustre. Four specimens.

(Specular Iron Ore.)

b. In concretions, having a radiated structure. (Compact

Columnar Hcematite.)
Ditto, from Pentuan.
d. Ditto, stratified with red ochre on the surface.
2^oie.— Hsematite consists of anhydrous ferric oxide. See Dana,
Mineralogy, p. 140. Specimen a contains 68-77 of metallic iron. It is
mixed with crystals of smoky quartz.

731. GoTHiTE. (Broivn Hcematite, Broion Iron Stone.)

a. In acicular crystals on quartz. (Needle Iron Stone.)
Note. — See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 169.

732. LiMONiTE. (Brown Hcematite, Brown Ochre.)

a. Massive, with a fibrous structure.
h. Stalactitic.

c. Mammiliary.

Note. — Limonite consists chiefly of hydrated ferric oxide. See Dana,
Mineralogy , p. 172.

733. Marcasite. (Radiated Pyrites, Prismatic Iron Pyrites, Cocks-

comb, Spear, and Cellular Pyrites.)
a. A globular specimen.

Note. — This mineral is very Uable to decomposition in damp air. It
is a sulphide of iron. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 175.

734. Pyrite. (17-071 Pyrites, Mimclic, Bisulphuret of Iron.)

a. A distinct cubical crystal.

b. Crystallized.

Note. — Some very perfect crystals of this mineral will be found among
the specimens Ulustrating crystalUne form iu Case No. 9. For lig. of the
crystals, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 63.

735. Cast Iron.

a. Containing titanium.

Note.— This specimen was made from the black sand of South Aus-
tralia. It was presented by JNIr. Percy Wells.

NICKEL.

73G. KuPFERNiCKEL. (NiccoUte, Arsenical Nickel.)

a. Crystalline.

Note.— This mmeral contains arsenate of nickel, with traces of iron and
sulphur. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 60.

737. Metallic Nickel.

• a. Crude.

b. Refined. Four specimens.

Note.— One of the specimens of b has been hammered, to show the
malleability of the metal.

246

COBALT.

738. Smaltite. (Grey Oohalt Ore, Tin White Cobalt.)

a. Crystalline.

Note. — This mineral is a mixture of the arsenates of cobalt, iron, and
nickel, with traces of copper. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 70.

MANGANESE.

739. Pyrolusite. {Prismatic Manganese Ore, Gray Oxide of Man-

ganese.^

a. In small masses, having a radiate structure and metallic

lustre. (Polianite.)
h. Ditto, impure. (Varvidte.)
Note. — See Dana, Mineralogy, pp. 166-171.

740. Manganitb. (Hydrated Oxide of Manganese.)

a. Massive.

Note. — Manganite gives a brown or brownish-black streak, pyrolusite
an almost pure black or a bluish-black streak. See Dana, Mineralogy,
p. 170.

741. PsiLOMELAKB. (BlacJc Haematite, Black Iron Ore, Compact Black

Manganese Ore.)
a. Massive.

Note. — This mineral also gives a brownish-black streak, but is much
harder than manganite. It usually contams manganese and barium
oxides, with occasional traces of other metals. See Dana, Mineralogy,
p. 180.

742. Ehodonitb. (BisiKcate of Manganese, Bed Manganese.)

a. Massive.

Note.— ^OT description, etc., see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 225.

ANTIMONY.

743. Antimonite. (Stibnite, Antimony Glance, Sulphur et of Antimony.)

a. A large specimen.

b. A smaller specimen, from Borneo.

c. Separated from the quartz by fusion.

d. French regulus of antimony.

Note.— Specimen d is an original, almost hemispherical cake, and has
a crystallized surface. For fig. of crystal of antimonite and description,
see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 29.

ARSENIC.

744. Realgar. (Bed Sidphuret of Arsenic, Sandaraca, Germ.)

a. Crystallized.
Note.— Thia specimen is slightly altered, to orpimeut and arsenious
acid, by exposure. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 27.

247

BISMUTH.

745. Metallic.

a. Crystallized and iridescent. Two small pieces.

VANADIUM.

746. Vanadate of Lead,

a. Forming a crust on Gralena.

Note — For description, etc., see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 611. This
specimen origiaally belonged to the late Professor Phillips.

COLUMBIUM, OE OTOBIUM.

747. CoLUMBiTE. (Colwnbate of Iron, Niobite.)
a. In crystalline fragments.

Note, — This mineral consists of the eolumbate and tantalate of iron
and manganese, the columbic acid being usually twice as much atomically
as the tantalic. It often contains also traces of tin, copper, calcium, and
tungsten. Dana, Mineralogy , t^, .

CHROMIUK

748. Chromite. (Chrome Iron Ore.)

a. Massive.

b. Ditto, from America.

Not^e. — This mineral usually occurs in serpentine. See Dana, Miner-
alogy, p. 154.

URANIUM.

749. Uranite. (Torheruite, Phosphate of Uranium and Gopper,

JJran-mica, Uranglimmer.)

a. Crystallized, from Cornwall.

6. Ditto, presented by Mr. H. Pound.

2^ote.— Uran-mica contains about 60 p. c: of ui-anium. For description ,
etc., see Dana, Mineralogy , p. 585.

750. Uraninite. (Pitchblende, Protoxide of Uraniuvi, Fratemnite,

Undeavable Uranium Ore.)
a. Massive.

Note.— This mineral contains from 60 to 85 p. c. of uranium oxides,
mth traces of ii-on, calcium, magnesium, and silicon.

TUNGSTEN.

751. Wolframite. (Wolfram., Tungstate of Iron and Manganese.)
a. Crystallized.
Note.—^ee Dana, Mineralogy, pp. 601-603.

248

ANIMAL MATERIA MEDICA.

SUB-KINGDOM, PROTOZOA.

CLASS, RHIZOPODA.
ORDER, SPONGIDA.
SPONGIAD^.

752. Spongia officinalis, L.

a. Horny or keratose skeleton. (TurJcey Sponge.)

753. Spongia officinalis, var.

b. Horny skeleton. (Honeycomb Sponge.')

Note. — Both these specimens may be found on one piece of rock under
a glass shade, in the north window, near the Hanhury Collection of Materia
Medica. Specimen b. is one of the varieties of S. officinalis. See P. J. (3),
vol. viii., pp. 106, 121.

c. Burnt sponge. (Spongia JJsta.)

Note.— See Per. Mat. Med., toL ii., pt. ii., pp. 719-722.

SUB-KINGDOM, CCELENTERATA.

CLASS, ACTINOZOA.
ORDER, ALCTONARIA.
GORGONIID^.

754. GORGONIA FLABELLITM, L. (Sea Fan.)

a. Sclerobasis or horny axis.

755. GoEGONiA PEETiosA, Ellis. CoKALLiuM RuBRUM, Lam. (Red

Coral.)

a. Sclerobasis or stony axis.

b. Prepared coral.

Note.— For Analysis, etc., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 723.

SUB-KINGDOM, ANNULOSA.

CLASS, ANNELIDA.
ORDER, HIRUDINEA.
HIRUDINID^.

756. Sanguisuga officinalis, Sav. (SpecJded Leech.)

a. Preserved wet.

b. Model in wax of the alimentary canal.

c. A leech cut open, showing the naultilocular stomach

and sucking apparatus.

249

Hirudinidce.

d. Showing tlae reproductive organs.

e. Ditto.

• /. A leech cut open, showing the nervous system and in-
ternal transverse muscles.

g. Ditto, showing the lateral vessels and mucous glands.

h. Ditto, showing the three layers of muscles.

i. Two cocoons, the upper one showing the internal surface.
j. Cocoons and small leeches.

Note.— For fig. of dissections, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. u.,pt. ii., pp. 729
to 731.

757. Sanguisuga mbdicinalis, Sav. (Green Leech.)

a. From Barhary.
h. From Spain.

CLASS, CRUSTACEA..
ORDER, DECAPODA.
ASTACID^.

758. AsTACUS FLUviATiLis, Fab. (Crayfish.)

a. Preserved wet.

h. " Crab's eyes " or "crab's stones."

Note. — Specimen b consists of the calcareous concretions found inside
the animal when about to cast its shell, of which concretions two are then
found in each animal, but disappear when the new shell is formed.

c. Prepared, in small annulated conical masses.

Note. — Specimen c was presented by Messrs. Allen & Co., Plough
Coui't.

CANCFIDM.

759. Cancer pagubus, L. (Common Crab.)

a. Prepared crab's claws.
Note. — Presented by Messrs. Allen & Co.

CLASS, MYRIAPODA.
ORDER, ISOPODA.
ONISGID^.

760. Oniscus aSellus, L. (Woodlouse.)

a. Dried. (Millepedes.)

Note. — Formerly official in the London and Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia,
and used in jaundice, asthma, and scrofulous disorders as a resolvent,
aperient, and dim-etic. See Lewis, Mat. Med. 1734, pp. 425, 426.

250

CLASS, INSECTA.
ORDER, HEMIPTERA.
APHIDM,

761. Aphis Pistacije, L.

a. Horn-shaped galla, from Calcutta.
Note.—1\iese galls are hoUow and horn-shaped, about the size of
the little finger, and contain exuvijB of insects, like the Chinese gaUs.
In taste and appearance they resemble the gaUs from Pistacia tere-
binthus. In the Indian Pharmacopoeia they are stated to be known
m India under the name of Kakra-singhi, and to grow upon Ehus
succedanea. L. See Pharm. Ind., p. 59 ; P. J. [2] , toI. vi., p. 462. For
fig., see Hist, des Drogues, y*'"^ ed., vol, iii., p. 50L Moquin-Tandon,
Med. Zoology, p. 156.

762. Aphis Pistacia, L.

a. Horn-shaped gall.

Note. — These galls are much larger than the last one, being six inches
long ; they are also more compressed- They are attached to a twig of
the tree on which they grow, Pistacia terebinthus, L., and are labelled
apparently in the writing of Daniel Hanbuxy, "Galls of Pistacia
Terebinthus." For fig., see Hist, des Drogues, vol. iii., p. 500.

763. Aphis species. ?

a. Pear-shaped galls.

Note. — These are reddish hollow galls, collected in Morocco, probably
from Pistacia Atlantica, Desf. In that country they are called Elleg.
See P. J. [3], vol. iii., p. 625.

h. Bokhara galls.

Note. — These galls are scarcely distinguishable from the last. They are
said to grow in Affghanistan and Cabul, upon Pistacia Khinjuk, Stocks,
and are imported into India under the name of Gul-i-pista. See Pharm.
Ind., p. 59 ; and for fig. of galls, P. J. [1] , vol. iii., p. 387.

The above specimen consists of a few galls from Dr. Eoyle, and some
presented by Mons. Chantre, which were offered in the London market
as Gul-i-pista, in 1876.

764. Aphis species.

a. Obovate compressed galls. (Oadooca-poo.)

Note. — These galls are flattened or slightly convex, hollow, and obovate
in outline. They are found occasionally mixed with the fruits of
Terminalia Chebula, Betz, and are probably derived from that tree. See
Ind. Pharm., p. 89. Technologist, vol. i., p. 187.

765. Aphis Chinensis, Bell. {Caulijioiver Gcdl, Woo-pei-tsze.)

a. Chinese galls.

Note. —These large, irregularly pear-shaped, tuberculated galls have a
downy surface, and when broken open are seen to be quite hollow, and
to have very thin, resinous walls. They yield 52 per cent, of tarmin, or
about 50 per cent, of beautifully white gallic acid. See P. /. [2] , vol. ii.
p. 509-; [1], vol. xii., p. 445. Fbr fig., see P. J. [1], vol. iii., p. 386,

251

Aphidce. , ..

[1], vol. X., p. 127 ; and for fig. of insect, P. [1], vol. tlx., pp. 310,
311. Moqidn-Tandon, Med. Zoology, p. 155.

They are said to be produced on the branches of Ehus semialata,
Murf. See Bepert. fiir Pharm., 3"« Eeihe, Bd. v., Heft, i., p. 26, 1850 ;
also Hanbury Science Papers, p. 266.
b. Japanese galls.

Jsfote.— These galls, which are imported from Japan, are rather smaller
than the Chmese galls, and of' a browner colour. They are probably
produced on a species of Bhus in Japan. For fig. , see Technologist, vol. i.,
p. 183; vol. ii., p. 234.

COCGID^.

766. Coccus Cacti, L. (Coclmieal Insect.)

a. Insects m situ, preserved wet.

b. Ditto, preserved dry.

jYote. — For fig. of the plant on which the insect feeds, and for figs,
of the insect, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 758, 759.

c. Male and female insects witli their cocoons.

d. Cocoons.

e. Silver grain cochineal, from Mexico.
/. Good commercial specimen.

g. Gi'anilla.

h. Ditto, sifted and garbled.
i Cochineal garblings,

j. Black grain cochineal, from Honduras.

]c. Ditto, inferior quality.

I. Ditto, granilla.
Note. — The black gi'ain cochineal differs in having been di-ied by artifi-
cial heat, by which the white secretion with which they are covered is
destroyed. Granilla consists of the very small insects. A white appear-
ance is sometimes given to dark cochineal by means of powdered sulphate
of barium. Specimen b was presented in the living state by Dr. Dyce
Duckworth.

767. Coccus Lacca, Kerr.

a. Stick lac, with a portion of the leaves and stem of
the plant on which it was found.

Note.— This specimen was slightly damaged during the sea voyage.

b. Light-coloured stick lac.

c. Stick lac, from Patna.

d. Ditto, from Siam,

e. Ditto, from Singapore.
/. Kuby Button lac.

g. Liver-coloured Button lac, from Bombay,

h. Orange-coloured Button lac, 1st quality.

Note.— The different quaUties of Button lac are known in commerce as
"bloods."

i. Garnet lac.

252

CoccidcB.

j. Liver lac.
h. Liver lac.

T^ote.— Specimen k is intermediate in character between liver and
orange lac.

I. Orange lac, 1st quality.
m. Block orange lac.

»

^o«e.— Specimen m consists of the flakes agglomerated together.
n. Lac dye, in square cakes.
o. Lac lake.

768. Coccus Pe-la, Westw. Coccus Sinensis, Westw.

a. Insect wax, in situ, from near Ningpo, China.

Note.— This specimen of Chinese insect wax was presented by the late
Daniel Hanbury. For fig. see Science Papers, Hanbury, p. 272 ; for
description, P. J. [1] , vol., xii. pp. 478-484.

Note.— This specimen is probably the one obtained by Dr. M'Cartee,
of Ningpo, mentioned in Science Papers, p. 71. See also Catalogue of the
Hanbury Herbarium.

ORDER, HTMENOPTERA.

GYNIPIDM.

769. Ctnips tinctoria, L.; Cynips scriptorum, Kirtz. {Levant

Galls.)

a. Aleppo galls. {Blue or Green Galls.)
h. Ditto. {White Galls.)

c. Roasted.

d. Ditto, in povpder.

Note. — Specimen b consists of galls from which the insect has escaped
and which contain less tannin than those which are gathered before
the escape of the cynips.

e. Aleppo galls. (" Minutes.")

f. Ditto. {Small Crowned Aleppo Galls.)

Note. — Specimen e is probably the coriander gall mentioned by
Pereira; see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., part 1, p. 369. Specimen / differs
very much in appearance from ordinary Aleppo galls, having a variegated
or marbled appearance, and being crowned at the top with a circle of
triangular tubercles which give the gall the aspect of a myrtaceous fruit.
Internally it presents a transversely oval cavity containing the grub. It
was presented by Prof. Guibourt. Both specimens e and/ probably pro-
duced by a diilerent species of cynips from that which yields the ordinary
Aleppo gall. For fig. of specimen /, see Hist, des Drogues, 7^""'ed.,
vol. ii., p. 292, fig. 431.

770. Cynips Kollari, Hartiij ; Cynips petioli, L.

a. English galls. {Marble Galls, Devonshire Galls.)
h. French galls.
c. German galls.

253

Cynipidce.

d. Istria galls.

2i;ro(e._Specimens a, h, and c are very similar in size and character ;
but specimen d consists of smaller galls, which are somewhat pear-shaped,
being contracted into a short stalk at the base. They are most likely
produced by a distinct species of cynips. For fig. of the French galls, see
Hist, des Drogues, 7^>^^ ed., vol. ii., p. 295, figs. 438, 439 ; and P. J. [2] ,
vol. i., p. 473. English galls grow upon Quercus pedunculata and Q. sessi-
flora, Willd; and the French galls upon Q. pedunculata in the north,
and Quercus Hex,!,., in the south of France. For fig., see Entomologist,
vol. vii., p. 241. For description of insect, see Entomologist, vol. iv.,
p. 17, and vol. ix., p. 53. English galls have been found to contain,
if gathered in August, 17 per cent, of tannin, or about three times as
much as oak bark. See P. J. [2] , vol. vii., p. 228 ; vol. iv. p. 520.

771 Ctnips ins ana, Westw.

a. Large purplish galls. (Bussorah Galls, Mecca Galls,
Apples of Sodom, Mala insana.)

Note. — These galls are more than an inch in diameter, soft and spongy
in the raterior, and have a varnished appearance externally. The leaf
of the tree and a portion of the twig is attached to one of the galls, and
appears to belong to Quercus cerris, L. These gaUs have been stated
by some writers to be the apples of Sodom, mentioned by Josephus and
others. A gall somewhat similar in appearance is produced in Europe
on Quercus pyrenaica, Willd, by Cynips umbraculus, Oliv. See Westwood's
Insects, vol. ii., p. 130. For fig. of the Bussorah gall, see Per. 3Iat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. 1, p. 347 ; P. J. [1] , vol. viii., p. 423.

772. Cynips polycbra, Gir.

a. KnopperB galls.

Note. — These galls have a very singular appearance and structure.
They are broadly obconical in shape, and the broad base of the cone
{i.e. the end farthest from the stem on which it grows) forms a slightly
convex disk surrounded with a spreading toothed ridge, and having a
small raised point in the centre. When broken open they are found to
contain a hard spherical inner gall, which is coarsely striated. For fig. of
the gall, see Entomologist, vol. viii., p. 97. These galls grow in the axils
of the leaves of shrubby specimens of Q. pubescens, Willd. ; rarely
on Q. sessiliflora, Sm., and Q. pedunculata, Willd.

773. Cynips glutinosa, Gir.

a. Hungary galls. {Piedmont Galls.)

Note.— These galls have a shght resemblance to the last, but are much
more irregular in shape, and the inner gall is thin and fragile, and does
not fill the cavity of the outer one. For fig., see Entomologist, vol. viii.,
p. 73. This gall occm-s, shghtly differing in form, on Q. sessiliflora,
Sm.; Q. pedunculata, Willd; and Q. pubescens, Willd. It grows upon
the acorn cup, see Hist, des Drogues, 7«™« ed., vol. ii., p. 292, fig. 432.

774. Andkicus terminalis, Fah. ; Cynips terminalis, Fab.

a. Gall on the buds of the oak tree. (Oak Apple.)
Note.— Foi fig., etc., see Entomologist, vol. ix., p. 28.

254

Ci/nipidce.

775. Aphilothrix OBMMiE, i.; Ctnips fecundatrix, Eart.

a. Sfcfobile-shaped gall. (Arldchoke Gall.)
Note.— This gall consists of a small egg-shaped hard inner gall at the
top of the stem, which is surrounded by an ovate mass of hairy scales,
giving the whole an appearance like a leafy artichoke. These galls
occasionally take the place of buds in our native species, and in Q.
pubescens, Willd. For fig., etc., see Entomologist, vol. viii., p. 146, and
vol. iv., p. l&;Hist. des Drogues, 7«™ ed., vol. ii., p. 295, figs. 436, 437.

776. Spatheqaster baccaeum L. ; Cynips pedunculi, L. ; Spathe-

GASTOR IKTEBRUPTOR, Hart.

a. Small galls on the catkins of the oak.

Note. — These small galls are sometimes called currant galls, on
account of their size and usually reddish colour. These galls occur also
on the leaves of the British oaks, and on Q. pubescens. See Entomologist,
vol. X., p. 206.

777. Dryophanta scutellaris, OUv. ; Cynips folii, Hart.

a. Galls on oak leaves. (Cherry Galls.)

Note. — This is a red and succulent gall about the size of an ordinary
marble. For fig., etc, see Entomologist, vol. ix., p. 121.

778. NeUROTERUS LBNTICULARIS, Oliv.; N. MALPIGHII, Hart;

Cynips longipennis, Fah.
Note. — For fig., etc, see Entomologist, vol. x., pp. 86 and 121.
a. Small fiat galls. (OaJc Spangles.)

779. Neuroterus numismatis, OUv : JSTeuroterus Reaumurii, Hart.

a. Small seed-like galls. (Button Galls.)

Note. — These last two kinds of galls are usually found on the under
side of the leaf. The button galls are eaten by pheasants. See
Entomologist, vol. iv., p. 28 ; vol. x., p. 67.

780. Rhodites Ros^, L.

a. Gall on the wild rose. (Bedeguar, Sweet Briar Gall.)
Note. — This specimen belonged to Dr. Pereira.

781. Cynips species. ?

a. Tamarisk galls from N.W. coast of Africa.

Note. — This specimen is mixed with twigs of Tamarix articulata.
Presented by Mr. Isaac Pariente. The sanle galls are known under the
name of Tacout in Morocco. See P. J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 625.

b. Tamarisk galls, from India.

Note. — These galls were presented by Mr. A. P. Balkwill, of Plymouth,
and were stated by him to contain 30 per cent, of tannin. They are
probably the produce of T. Gallica, L., and T. orientaUs, Vahl. See Irrd.
Pharm., p. 29. These galls are about the size of peas, and are friable
and full of small holes internally. See also P. J. [2] , vol. vi., p. 462 ;
Technologist, vol. ii., p. 234.

255

Cynipidce.

782. Cynips sPECifrs.

a. Pear-shaped galls, from tlie wattle tree.
Note. — These galls are very similai- in size and shape to the Bokhara
galls, but are extremely hard and solid, having internally one or two
small holes containing grubs. They are deeply wrinkled externally.
They are probably gathered from various species of acacia, in Austi'alia.

783. Apis mellifica, L. (Bee.)

a. Honey, English.
6. Ditto, Narbonne.

c. Wax, English. (Yellow Beeswax.)

d. Ditto, bleached. (White Wax.)

784. Tbigona species.

a. Liquid honey.
Note.— This specimen was exhibited at the International Exhibition of
1851, in the British Guiana department, by Mr. J. F. Bee. See P. J. [1] ,
vol. xi., p. 161.

The wild bee producing this honey is stintless, and deposits its honey
in " small separate pouches, from which it may be removed once every
month by making a puncture in the bottom of the pouch, from which
it readily flows," the insect afterwards speedily closing the opening.
Specimens of these nests may be seen in the British Museum. The
above specimen was collected on Woodlands plantation, Eiver Mahaica,
British Guiana.

VESPIDJ^..

785. Chartergus species.

a. Nest. (Marahunta's Nest.)
Note.— This specimen consists of a pendulous wasp's nest, with a
portion of the branch to which it is attached. It is of a conical shape, of
the colour of grey filtering paper, which externaUy it much resembles' in
texture, and is marked with inky stains. It probably came from British
Guiana.

ORDER, COLEOPTERA.
MYLABRID^,

786. Glass box with cover, containing mounted specimens of the

following species : —

a. Mylabris Cichorii, Fahr., China, P. /. [3], vol. ii., p. 101
fig. 1.

I. „ phalerata, PaU., China, P. J. [S ], vol ii ti
141, fig. 2. L J . , p.

c. „ balteata, Pall, India, P. /. [3], vol. ii t, 141

fig. 3. L J , p. 1*1,

d. „ pustulata, TJmnh., India, P. /. [31 vol ii t.

141, fig. 4. u J, . ., p.

e. „ maculata, Oliv., India, P. /. [3}, vol. ii., p. 181

266

2li/labridce.

/.Mylabris raelanuva, Pall, India, P. /. [3], vol. ii., p. 141 .

g. „ oculata.OZ/;-?;., India and the Cape of Good Hope,

P. [3], vol. ii., p. 141.
74. „ orientalis, Mars., India, P. /. [3], vol. ii., p. 142.
i. „ variabilis, Pall, Europe, P. /. [3], vol. ii. p

181.

j. „ Lavaterae, Pa&r., Cape of Good Hope, P./. [3],
vol. ii., p. 261.

1c. Cerocoma Scha^fferi, Fabr., South of Europe, P. J. [3],
vol. ii., p. 261.

787. Mylabris Cichorii, Fabr. {GUcory Mylabris, Tellini Fly.)

a. Chinese cantharides.
Note. — These insects, mixed with the next species, frequently appear in
the London market under the name of Chinese Cantharides. This species
is smaller than M. phalerata, and the bands on the elytra are of a
brighter yellow colour ; the shape of the bands is also somewhat different,
the yellow band near the top of the elytra extending nearly to the thoracic
section. For fig., see P.J. [3], vol. i., p. 101, fig. 1. It is stated to
contaui one-third more cantharidine than the Lytta vesicatoria.

788. M, PHALERATA, Pall. (8ida Fly.)

a. Chinese cantharides.

Note. — This species forms the larger proportion of Chinese cantharides.
For fig., see P. J. [3] , vol. ii., p. 141, fig. 2.

GANTHARIDM.

789. Box with glass cover, containing mounted specimens of the

following species : —

a. Lydus Algiricus, Mars., Italy and Africa, P. /. [3],

vol. ii., p. 261, fig. 5.

b. „ trimaculatus, Fabr., North of Europe, P. J. [3],

vol. ii., p. 262, fig. 6.

c. Halosimus Svriacus, L.

d. Lytta vesicatoria, Fabr., South of Europe, P. /. [3],

vol. ii., p. 321.

e. „ dubia, Ollv., South of Europe, P. /. [.3], vol. ii.

p. 322.

/. „ Syriaca, Fabr., Syria, P. /. [3], vol. ii., p. 322.

g. „ segetum, Pa&r., Arabia, Sicily, Algeria, P. J. [3],

vol. ii., p. 322.

h. „ tibialis. Water., Assam, P. /. [3], vol. ii., p. 423.

i. „ Assamensis, Water., Assam, P. /. [3], vol. ii., p-

423, fig. 8.

Note.— LytitL tibialis and L. Assamensis are probably forms of the same
species ; the first having the head less thickly punctured, and the meso-
thoracic epimera clothed with white pubescence.

257

Cantharidce.

j. Lytfca Rouxii, Oast., Bombay and the Deccan, P. J. [3J,
vol. ii., p. 424.

Jc. „ atrata, Oliv., North. America, P. J. [3], vol. ii.,
p. 603, fig. 9.

I „ vittata, Oliv., North America, P. J. [3], vol. ii.,
p. 562, fig. 12.

m. „ Pallasii, Gehl, Siberia, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 321.
Note. — This species closely resembles Lytta vesicatoria, and is some-
times found mixed witli Eussian cantharides. It is distinguished by
having the posterior tarsi toothed, those of cantharides being entire,
n. Lytta anthracina, Erich, Brazil, P. /. [3], vol. ii., p. 743.

0. „ adspersa, Kleig, Brazil and Uruguay, P. J. [3],

vol. ii., p. 683 ; [3], vol. vii., p. 918.

790. Lytta vesicatoria, Fabr. (Spanish Fly, Cantharides.)

a. French.

b. Spanish, mounted specimens.

Note.— Fox fig., etc., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., p. 743, fig. 117.
P.J. [3], vol. ii., p. 321. For substitutions, see Hist, des Drogues, vol. iv.,
p. 211.

791. L. Rouxii, Oastel. (Yelloio Deccan Blister Fly.)

a. From Hyderabad, Nizam, Presented by Dr. Christison.

6. Ditto, presented by Dr. Maclagan.

^o«e.— Specimen h is the one alluded to by Dr. M. C. Cooke as being
labelled L. ruficollis, in P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 424.

92. L, VITTATA, Oliv.

a. Potato Blister Fly.
Note.— T^hi^ is not the celebrated insect the possible appearance of
which in Britain is so much dreaded at the present time, and which has
lately committed such ravages in North America. For fig., etc.. see P J
[3], vol. ii., p. 563.

MELOEID^.

793. Meloe violaceus. Leach. {Violet Oil Beetle.)

a. Specimens mounted on card-board,
i^offi.— For fig. of this species, see P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 822 It
occurs m this country in meadows and pastures, where it feeds on the
leaves of the anemone, violet, hound's tongue, and various species of ra-
nunculus.

794, Box with glass cover, containing the following species :—

a. Meloe proscarabaeus, L., Europe, P. /. [31 vol ii d
743, fig. 15. ■' ^'

1. „ var. tecfcus, Panz., England, Leach's Monograph

tab, 7, figs, 8, 9.
Note.— This insect is the common " oil beetle." •

c. Meloe violaceus, Leach, Europe, P. /. [3] vol ii

p. 822, fig. 17.

8

258

Meloeidcp.

6. Meloe variegatns, Bon., Europe, P. J. [3], vol. ii.,
p. 822, fig. 18.

e. „ majalis, L., S. Europe, P. /. [3], vol. ii., p. 822,
fig. 19.

/. „ autumnalis, Oliv., P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 823, fig. 20.
g. „ coriarius, Hoffm., Grermauy and Hungary, P. /.

[3], vol. ii., p. 283.
//. „ brevicollis, Panz., W. Europe, P. J. [3], vol. ii.,
p. 823.

„ Tuccius, Bossi, S. Europe, P. /. [3], vol. ii.,
p. 823.

j. „ cicatricosus, Leach, W. Europe, P. /. [3], vol. ii.,
p. 823.

Tc. „ rugosus. Marsh, Europe, P. /. [3], vol. ii.,
p. 744, fig. 16.

Note. — For figures of Meloeidro, see Linn. Trans., vol. xi. The following
species are included in the same box with the above, and illustrate the
adulterations occasionally met with in commercial cantharides. None of
the following possess vesicant properties.

CETONIADM.
I. Cetonia aurata, L. (Rose Ghafer.) Britain,

CHRYSOMELIDJE.
m. Chrysomela graminis, L., Britain. Donovan's British
Insects, pi. 365, fig. 1.

MELOL ONTHIDuE.
n. Diphucephala sericea, Kirhy.

GERAMBYCIBM.
0. Aromia moschata, L., Britain. Gurtis's Brit. Entom.,
pi. 738 ; P. /. [3], vol. ii., p. 967.
GHRYSOMELIDM.
p. Chrysomela graminis, L.

795. Chrysomela graminis, L.

a. Dried insects.
Ji'ofe.— Cbrysomela fastuosa L. has been detected in the cantharides of
oommerce to the extent of 15 per cent. See P. J. [2] , vol. i., p. 32.
GVRGULIONIBM.

796. Larinus maculatus, Fald.

a. Insect and cocoons.
]<[ote. — This specimen was presented by the late Daniel Hanbury. The
cocoons are formed upon a species of Echinops, or globe thistle, probably
E. Persicus, Fisch., in Persia. The cocoons consist of a large propor-
tion of the starch of the plant, and contain, besides gum, a pecuhar sugar
called Trehalose, and a bitter principle. See Science Papers, p. 162 ; and
5f., for fig. of insect and cocoons, p. 161. See also P. J. [1] , vol. xviii.,
p. 402. Moquin-Tandon, Med. Zoology, p. 157.

259

SUB-KINGDOM, MOLLUSCA.

CLASS, LAMELLI-BRANCHIATA.
ORDER, LUCINACEA.
AVICULID^.

798. Maegaeitiphora maeqaritifeea, L.

a. Prepared pearls.

Note. — For other specimens, consult collection of old English drugs.
See Lewis, Mat. Med., p. 411.

CLASS, CEPHALOPODA.

ORDER, DIBRAN^CHIATA.

SEPIDJE.

799. Sepia officinalis, L.

a. A large cuttle-fish, preserved wet.

Note. — This specimen was caught off the Isle of Wight.

b. Cuttle-fish bone, very large specimen. Presented by

Mr. A. H. Squire.

SUB-KINGDOM, VERTEBRATA,
CLASS, PISCES.
ORDER, TELEOSTEL
SCI^NID^.

800. Otolithus species.

a. Swimming-bladder, inflated and dried. (Brazilian Pipe

Isinglass.)

b. Swimming-bladder, rolled into a thin ribbon. (Brazilian

Ribbon Isinglass.)

Note.— For description of specimen a, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii
p. 773.

POLYNEMID^.

801. PoLYNEMus Indicds, SJiaiv.

a. Penang short-tongue isinglass.

b. Bengal purse isinglass.

c. East Indian purse isinglass.

d. Picked East Indian isinglass. Presented by Dr. Royle.
J?o«e.— Specunens b, c, and d originally belonged to Dr. Pereira's coUec-

tion, and are those described in his Materia Medica, vol. ii., pt. ii., p.
774. For description of the fish, see Giinther, Cat. Fishes in Brit. Mm. ',
vol. u., p. 326. Penang short-tongue isinglass resembles East Indian
purse m appearance, but is rather smaUer. The air-bladder of this fish
is furnished with numerous appendages (28-35) at its sides, by the scars of
which It may be distinguished from the swimming-bladder of the next
species. See Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 62.

802. POLTNEMUS PLEBEJUS Gm.

a. Penang long-tongue isinglass.

260

Pdh/nemidcB.

h. Finest Bombay long-tongue isinglass.

c. Penang leaf.

d. East Indian rolled leaf isinglass.

Note. — Spocimens b and c were presented by Mons. Chantre ; specimen
d belonged to Dr. Pereira's collection, and js the specimen described
under that name in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 774. For descrip-
tion of the fish, see Giinther, Cat. Fishes in Brit. Mus., vol. ii,, p. 326.
Penang long-tongue isinglass is about fifteen inches long, two and a
half wide in the middle, tapering sUghtly above and much more below ;
it is about t\ of an inch thick.

GADIDJE.

803. Gadds Morrhua, L. (Cod.)

a. Nev^rfoundland cod-liver oil.

h. Ditto, expressed after six hours.

c. Ditto, expressed after twelve hours.

d. Ditto, boiled.

e. Lofoden cod-liver oil.
/. English ditto.

g. Light-brown ditto.

Note.— Fov composition, etc., seeP. J. [1], vol. viii.,p. 370; [1], vol. xii.,
pp. 36, 450. For preparation in Lofoden, P. J. [2] , vol. ix., p. 312 ; and
for various preparations, P. J. [1], vol. xvii., p. 36 ; [3] , vol. iv., p. 581 ;
[3] , vol. v., p. 641. For description of fish, see Giinther, Cat. Fishes in
£nt. ilfws., vol. iv., p. 328.

804;. Merluccius vulgaris, Fleon.

a. Swimming-bladder rolled out into ribbon. (New York
Bihhon Isinglass.) Two specimens.

Note. For method of manufacture, see Amer. Journ. Pharm., vol. xxix.,

p. 513,1857. For description of fish, see Giinther, Gat. Fishes in Brit.
Mus., vol. iv., p. 344. For solubility in water, see P. J. [3], vol. iv.,
p. 471.

SILURID^.

805. Arius species. (Yeta.)

a. Penang oyster isinglass.
Note.— This isinglass is not described by Pereira. The specimens, which
were presented in 1876 by Mons. Chantre, are about two inches long by
3 wide, and i inch in thickness. They present the appearance on one side
of having been torn from the vertebra. See Ind. Pharm., p. 467.

h. Manilla thin cake isinglass,
jt^ote.— This specimen is the one described in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt ii p. 774. In shape and character it is very sinular to specimen a,
and is evidently obtained from some siluroid fish. The pieces are cor-
date in outUne, about 3^ inches long by 4 broad, and about i mch thick.

806. SiLURUS Glanis, L. (Shad.)

a. Swimming-bladder, dried and folded. {Somovey Boo

Isinglass.)

261

Sihiridce.

h. Ditto, cut open. (Somoveij Leaf Isinglass.)

Note. — For derivation of the term Somovey (pronounced Samovey), and
description of short staple isinglass, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
pp. 771, 772, note 3 ; also P. J. [1] , vol. v., p. 66. Somovey leaf occurs
in flat pieces ten by twelve inches in diameter.

807. SiLUBUS Parkbrii, Traill. (Geelhrich, Gilbric'ker, or Gilhager.)

a. Young fish, preserved wet. Presented by Mr. J. S.

Stutchburj.

b. Swimming-bladder, dried. (Lump Brazilian Isinglass.)

c. Ditto, inferior quality. Ditto.

d. Ditto, split open. (Honeycomh Brazilian Isinglass.)

e. Ovaries dried. (Para Isinglass.)

f. Ditto, preserved in spirit.

Note. — Specimen 6 was presented by Messrs. Morison & Knox, and was
obtained in British Guiana. Specimen c was presented by Mr. Sergeant.
Specimen d is the one described by Pereira in his work on Materia
Meclica, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 773. The ovaries were supposed by him to be
those of Sudis gigas ; but more recent information shows that they must
be referred to Silurus Parkerii. See P.J. [1], vol. xiii., pp. 270,271;
vol. xiv., p. 395. Brazihan lump isinglass is €asily known by its shape,
which resembles that of a torpedo.

SGOMBRESOCID^.

808. Bblonb meoalostigma, Cuy. 8f Vol.

a. Penang long-pipe isinglass-

Note.— This variety of isinglass consists of a swimming bladder more
than two feet long, about two inches in diameter in the middle, cylindrical
but tapermg to both ends. For description of the fish, see Gunther, Cat.
Fishes in Brit. Mus., vol. vi., p. 241.

CYPRINID^.

809. Abeamis Brama, Flem. {Bream.)

a. Swimming-bladder, inflated and dried,
^fote.— Leshovy isinglass is said to be obtained from this fish. See
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 772. For description of the fish, see
Gunther, Gat. Fishes in Brit. Mus., vol. vii., p. 300.

810. Ctprinds Carpio, L. {Carp.)

a. Sizzany, or Sisane leaf isinglass.

iVoite.-This specimen is described in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.

b. Somovey short staple. (Sizzany Shobhy.)
Note.-ln smaU horseshoe-shaped pieces about one inch in diameter.

OEDER, GANOIDEI.

AGIPENSERID^.

811. AciPENSER Dauricus, Georgi.

2G2

AcipenserklcB.

a. Swimming-bladder, dried. (Siberian Purse Isinglass.)
Note. — This specimen is labelled as above, but does not occur in Dr.
Peroira's catalogue, and the name is put among the doubtful species in
Giiiither, Cat. Fishes in Brit. Mus.

812. A. Gdldewstadtii, Brandt ^ Batzehurg. (Osseter.)

* a. Swimming-bladder inflated and dried, from the

Wolga.

I. Ditto, cut open and dried. (Astrachan Leaf Isinglass.)
^ote.— This species has 29-32 lateral shields, which are coarsely radi-
ated, and a short obtuse snout about one-third of the length of the head.

813. A. Haso, L. (Great Sturgeon, Beluga, or Blelaga.)

* a. Swimming-bladder inflated, from the "Wolga.

t h. Ditto cut open, bleached and dried. (^Beluga Leaf Isin-
glass.)

Note. — This species has 40-45 lateral shields, and the snout is without
osseous scutes above. Beluga leaf consists of the bladder cut open ; the
pieces are 12 or 14 inches in diameter.

814. A. Stellatus, Pallas. (Sewruga.)

* a. Swimming-bladder, inflated and dried, from the Wolga.
h. Ditto, cut open and dried. (Astrachan Leaf Isinglass.)

l^ote. — Isinglass is also yielded by A. ruthenus, L. (Sterlet.) See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 770. A. stellatus has 30-35 lateral shields,
and the snout is very long and narrow, forming nearly two-thirds of the
head. Astrachan leaf isinglass occurs in pieces 9-12 inches long, and
from 2-4 inches broad in the upper part, tapering to about 1 inch at the
lower end. The thi-ee specimens marked with an asterisk are those men-
tioned by Pereira as being presented to him by Professor Ludewig of St.
Petersburg, Oct. 22, 1847. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 770, 771.

815. A. Stukio, L. (Gommon Sturgeon.)

a. Small Thames sturgeon, stuffed.
jVote.— This specimen is not quite 4 feet long. The common sturgeon
is distinguished from the other species by having 26-31 lateral shields,
and 11-13 dorsal shields, and by the pointed snout occupying about
half the length of the head. See Redwood, Supplement, p. 151 ; Moquin-
Tandon, Med. Zool., p. 182 ; and Gunther, Cat. Fishes in Brit. Mxis., vol.
viii., p. 384, for distinctive characters .of the various species.

816. ACIPENSER SPECIES.

a. Astrachan long-staple isinglass. Two specimens.
h. Patriarch, or finest short-staple isinglass.

* c. Astrachan cake isinglass. (LepeschJci.)
d. Astrachan fragments. (Kroschhi.)

Specimen d is a dirty mferior isinglass, in irregular lozenge-
shaped pieces about 1 inch in diameter, and a quarter of an inch in thick-
ness.

* e. Siberian lump isinglass, from the Baikal.

Note.— Thia specimen consists of small cakes about 2 inches long and
J inch thick.

263

Acipenseridce.

f. Siberian fragments.
Note. — This specimen consists of small scraps made up into plano-
convex pieces about 1 inch in diameter and ^ inch thick.

* g. Persian lump isinglass. (KonJci.)

Note. — This isinglass appears to have been strung on sticks, being
pierced at either end with a hole nearly ^ inch in diameter. The pieces
are kidney-shaped, about 4 inches long by 2 broad and 1 inch thick.

h. Boiled isinglass.

Note. — This specimen consists of flattened sausage-shaped pieces 3 or 4
inches long, 1 inch broad, and about ^ inch thick.

I. Isinglass cuttings.

Hudson's Bay purse isinglass.

Note. — The specimens marked with an asterisk were presented by
Professor Ludewig, of St. Petersburg. Specimen j has the appearance of
belonging to some species of Acipenser. It is described in Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 774.

817. Genera et species incerta.

a. Bead, or necklace isinglass.

Note. — In small somewhat translucent pieces about 1 inch long and {
inch in diameter, strung upon cord. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii
p. 772.

b. Hudson's Bay giant purse isinglass.

Note.— For further information on the varieties of isinglass found in
English commerce, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 769-778 • P J
[3], vol. i., p. 656.

ORDER, ELASMOBRANCHir.
PRISTID^.

818. Pristis antiquorum, Lath.

a. Beak oE the saw-fish.

^■ofe.— For an account of this fish, see Trans. Linn. Soc, 1794, vol. ii.,
p. 277, pi. 26, fig. 91. This specimen is about 4 feet long, and the teeth*
32 in number on each side, at the upper end are i inch, becoming about
the middle 1 inch, and near the head of the fish 2 inches apart! The
cutting edge of each tooth is on the side furthest from the head.

CLASS, REPTILIA.
ORDER, OPHIDIA.

819. Boa constrictor, L.

a. Excrement. (Ezcrementum monitorii nilotici.)
Note.—lU% substance is used as a source of uric acid.

VIPERID^.

820. Pelius Berus, Merrem. {Viper, Adder.)

a. Viper's fat.

26i

VIperidce.

h. Lozenges. (Trochisci de viperd.) Presented by Mr. D.
Hanbury.

Note. — The fat of the viper was formerly used as an eye ointment, and
the flesh made into a broth and wine, supposed to possess invigorating
properties. See Lewis, Mat. Med., p. 665. The lozenges are button-
shaped pieces about the size of a farthing, and have a bust with some
illegible words around it stamped upon them.

CLASS, AVES.
ORDER, NATATORES.

SPHENISCIDyE.

821. EuDTPTES SPECIES. (Penguin.)

a. Penguin, from the Falkland Islands, found in guano.
h. Penguin oil. Two specimens. Presented by Mr. P. L.
Simmonds.

PROCELLARIDJE.

822. FuLMAEUS GLACIALTS, Buffon. {Fulmar petrel.)

a. Bird from St. Kilda, stuffed. Presented by Mr. E. C.

C. Stanford.
h. Fulmar oil.

c. Fatty acid from ditto.

d. Soap from ditto.

Note. — For the history of these specimens, see P. J. [3], vol. i., p. 374.

ORDER, CURSORES.
STRUT HIONES.

823. Dromactjs Nov^ Hollandm, Lath. {Emu.)

a. Emu oil. Presented by Mr. J. Trix.
6. Egg of the Emu. Presented by Mr. Percy Wells.
Note. — The oil is said to be used by the natives in rhevmiatism. See
P. J. [1] , vol. XV., p. 449.

ORDER, INSESSORES.

CYPSELIBM.

824. CoLLOCAiiA ESCULENTA, Ch-aij. (Esculent Swallow.)

a. Nests. 1st quality.
h. Ditto. 2nd quality.
c. Ditto. 3rd quality.
These specimens were presented by Mr. T. H. Hills. See P. J. [2],
vol. iii., p. 444. The nests are used in the preparation of soups, and are
supposed to possess restorative properties. See Moqnin-Tandon, Med.
Zool., p. 185. For an account of their production, see P. J. [1], vol. viii.,
■ p. 534; [2], vol. iv., p. 481.

265

CLASS, MAMMALIA.
ORDER, SIRENIA.

HALICORID^.

825. Halicorb Dugowg, Dauh.

a. Oil obtained from the dugong.
j^ote. — ^For aa accouBt of this oil, see P. J. [3] , vol, iii., p. 3.

ORDER, CETACEA.
PHYSETERID^.

826. Phtsetbe maceocephalus, L. (Great Cachalot, Speim Whale.)

a. One of the vertebrae. Presented by Messrs. Hopkin &
Williams.

I. Oleaginous fluid found in the head of the sperm whale,
from which spermaceti is obtained.

c. Sperm oil, as imported.

d. Spermaceti.

Note. — The bones of the vrhale, of which a is a specimen, were im-
ported a few years since as a source of superphosphate manure. For an
account of the production of spermaceti, see 3Ioquin-Tandon, Med. Zool.,
p. 94 ; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 798.

ORDER, UITGULATA.

HIPPOPOTAMI!)^.

827. Hippopotamus amphibius, L.

a. Teeth.

Note. — Formerly used in the manufacture of artificial teeth. Moquin-
Tandon, Med. Zool., p. 81.

SUID^.

828. Stjs Scrofa, L.

a. Lard oil.

829. Equtjs Caballus, L.

a. Calculus.

Note. — This specimen was taken from the intestine of a large cart-
horse, belonging to Mr. Rice, miller, of Nutshalling, near Southampton.
It is globular; its circumference is 22 inches, and its weight 9i
pounds. Analysed by Professor Attfield, it was found to consist almost
entirely of ammonio-phosphate of magnesium. See P. J. (2), vol. iv
p. 242.

BOVID^.

830. Bos Taurus, L.

a. Prepared beef marrow.
6. Bone shavings.

EQUID^.

266

BovidcB.

c. Dried blood.

d. Solidified milk.

(EQOSGERIDM.

831. Ovis Aries, L.

a. Skull and horns of the ram.

&. Prepared mutton suet.

Note. — Specimen a -will be found above the cases containing the Han-
bury coUection.

GEBVIBM.

832. Capra ^gagrus, Blasius ? (Goat.)

a. Intestinal concretion. (Oriental Bezoar.)

Note. — This specimen consists of two bezoars, one of which is nearly
cylindrical, rounded at the ends, 2^ inches long, and an inch in diameter ;
the other is kidney-shaped. If inch long, and Ij inch in diameter.
Both have a pohshed surface, a dark-greenish colour, and laminated
structure. Both specimens give a green mark to chalked paper, by
which character oriental bezoars are distinguished. Oriental bezoars
■ are taken from the alimentary canal of a wUd goat called Pasen by the
Persians, which inhabits Chorasan, and is also produced, according
to Koempfer, by an ape called Antar by the Mongols. For further
details, see Phil. Trans., 1846, p. 41 ; Watts, Diet. Chem., vol. i., p. 584.

h. Ellagic acid, obtained from oriental bezoar.
Note. — For mode of preparation, see Watts, Diet. Chem., vol. ii., p. 484.

833. Cbrvus Alces, L. (Elk, Moose Deer.')

a. Shavings of the hoof. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.

834. Cervus Elaphus, L. (Stag.)

a. Hartshorn shavings.

h. Ditto, calcined.

c. Ditto, powdered.

d. Ditto, prepared.

e. Ditto, ditto, in annulated cones.
/. Oil and spirit of hartshorn.

g. Carbonized residue after distillation.

835. Cervus Dama, L. {Falloio Beer.)

a. Antlers. Presented by Sir E. Landseer.
Note. — For the uses of hartshorn shavings, which were obtained from
all the above species of deer, see Lewis, Mat. Med., p. 253 ; Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 809. The antlers will be found above the cases
containing the Hanbury collection.

836. Cervus Tarandus, L. (Reindeer.)

a. Antlers. Presented by Sir E. Landseer.
Note. — For the uses of hartshorn shavings, which were obtained from
all the' above species of deer, see Lewis, Mat. Med., p. 253 ; Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 809.

267

Cervidce.

837. MOSCHTJS MOSGHIFBRUS, L.

a. Mask deer, stuffed, in a glass case.

Note. This specimen was presented by Messrs. Peake, Allen, & Co.

It was probably about 5 or 6 years old when shot. See P. J. [2], vol. ii.
p. 398, for an account of this specimen. See also P. J". [2], vol. xv.,
p. 472. For figs., etc., see Moqidn-Tandon, Med. Zool., pp. Ill, 112 ; Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 802.

&. China musk pod.
Note.— 'Fox fig. of China musk pod, see Guib., Hist, des Drogues, vol.
iv., p. 62.

c. Ditto, smaller specimens.

/. Musk sac, dissected, and preserved in spirit.

g. Adulterated China musk pod.

Note. — The specimens b and c were presented by Messrs. Faber & Co.
in 1852.

h. Musk pod, containing pieces of leather. Presented by-

Mr. Burgoyne.
Note. — This specimen was presented in April, 1856.

t, Assam musk pod, dissected.
Note. — This specimen consists of the musk pod and the surrounding
parts, dissected and preserved in spirit. It is probably the specimen
presented by Mr. Horner, in October, 1842.

j. Assam musk pod.
Jc. Ditto, taken from a young animal.
Note. — Until three years old, the pod contains no musk, but only a
milky fluid, which in this specimen has solidified to a substance of
cheesy consistence.

I. " Ball J " Assam musk pod.

Note. — These specimens consist of malformation. The pods are nearly
spherical, and are more than half filled with a stratified growth of
animal tissue. They were presented by Messrs. Faber & Co.

m. Adulterated Assam musk pods.
Note. — Assam musk pods are usually thicker than China pods, and the
musk has a civet-like or ftecal odour. See Amer. Journ. Pharm., vol. x.,
p. 148.

n. Russian, or Gabardine musk.
Note.— For fig. of this kind of musk, see Hist, des Drogues., vol. iv.,
p. 65. The pods are more elongated than those of the China musk, and
have a longitudinal ridge on the convex hairy surface. The odour is not
ammoniacal, like that of China musk, and the skin of the pod is not so
brown as in that kiud. For an account of its commerce, see Amer. Journ.
Pharm., vol. xv., p. 302.

0. Musk pod from India.
Note.— ThiB specimen was presented by Messrs. Battley & Watts, and
was brought home from India at the time of H.E.H. the Prince of
Wales's visit, in 1876.

268

Cervidce.

CAMELIBM.

838. Llama Glama, Gray ; and L. Vicugna, Ch-ay.

a. Intestinal calculus. (Occidental Bezoar.)
Note.—TheBQ calculi vary in size, from that of a pea to a smaU marble.
In some the surface is smooth and angular, and in others granulated.
The colour is yeUowish wliite, and the surface dull. For chemical con-
stitution of occidental bezoar, see Watts, Diet. Chem., p. 584.

ORDER, HYRACOIDEA.

HYRACIDM.

839. Htrax Capensis, Pall. {Cape Badger, Daman, Basse, Corny,

Klipdas.)

a. Hyraceum, an original tin.
h. Ditto, from Cape Town.

c. Substance found in hyraceum.

d. Faeces of the animal.

Note. — For an account of this substance, see Pappe, Flora Capensis.
Med. Prodromus, p. 46 ; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 827-831 ;
P. J. [1], vol. X., p. 559. Specimen c appears to consist of the faeces of
the animal. See P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 559. For analysis, see P. J. [1],
vol. xiii., p. 213. For importation, see P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 559 ; vol. xi.,
p. 366.

ORDER, PROBOSCIDEA.

ELEPHANTIDJE.

840. Elbphas Africanus, Cttv. (Elephant.)

a. Ivory turnings.

b. Ivor J black.

Note. — See Moquin-Tandon, Med. Zool. , p. 80.

ORDER, CARNIYORA.

URSIDJE.

841. Ursus Americanus, Pallas. (American Black Bear.)

a. Genuine bears' grease.
6. Ditto.

Note. — Specimen 6 was obtained from a bear which died at the Zo-
ological Gardens in London.

VIVERRID^.

842. ViVERRA CiVETTA, Schrsb. (Common Civet.)

a. A horn of civet.

843. ViVERRA ZiBETHA, L. (Zibcth Civet.)

a. The animal stuffed.

Note. — This animal is distinguished from the common civet by not
possessing a dorsal crest, and by the fur being shorter, etc. For fig., see
SIoquin-TandoTit Med. Zool., p. 117.

269

ORDER, RODENTIA.

MUBID^.

844. Castor Fiber, L.

a. Small beaver, preserved in spirit.

Ifote. This S'pecimen appears to have been taken soon after its birth.

See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 821, fig. 130.

6. Preputial follicles. (Russian castoreum.)
j^ote.— Thia specimen was purchased of Horner & Faukes, at forty
shillings an ounce, on September 9th, 1835. It is the specimen referred
to by Pereira. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 823.

c. Resinous Russian castoreum.

Note. — This specimen consists of larger sacs than specimen 6.

d. Bucharian castoreum.

e. Siberian castoreum.

/. North American castoreum.

g. Spurious castoreum, the sacs being stuffed with hay.

h. Oil sacs of Russian beaver.

i. Oil sacs of American beaver.

Note. — For a fuU account of the varieties of castoreum, see Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 823-826.

846. Mtgalb Muscovita, Qeoffr. {Music Bat, Desman.)
a. Tail.

Note.— This object is used as a perfume in Russia. See Moquin-
Tandon, Med. Zool., p. 110.

i

INDEX.

Abelmoschus esculentus, 10.
Abies Balsamea, 128.

„ Canadensis, 128.

„ excelsa, 128.
pectinata, 129.
Abobara do Cai-neiro, 45.
Abramis Brama, 261.
Abrus precatorius, 27.
Abuta nxfescens, 4.
Abutua, 4.
Abyssinian tea, 22.
Acacia arabica, 37.

,, Catechu, 39.

,, decurrens, 37.
Famesiana, 39.

,,• gummifera, 37.

„ horrida, 37, 38.
scandens, 40.

„ species, 38.

„ Verek, 37, 38.
Acer saccharinum, 15.
Acetal, 217.
Acetamide, 226.
Acetone, 218.
Acid,aconitic, 221.

„ alizaric. 221.

,, amidocaproic, 230,

,, anilic, 228.

„ anthranilic, 228.

„ antimonic, 200.

„ arsenic, 201.

„ arsenous, 201.

„ benzamidacetic, 219.

„ benzoic, 219.

,, boracic, 169.

„ boric, 169.

,, butyi-ic, 218.

„ camphoric, 221.

„ caproic, 218.

,, carbanihc, 228.

„ carbazotic, 211.

,, carbolic, 210.

,, cholalic, 231.

„ cholic, 231.

,, chrysammic, 228.

„ chrysophanic, 229.

,, cinnamic, 148, 220.

„ citric, 221, 234.

„ citridic, 221.

,, copaivic, 35.

„ cyanmic, 221.

,, dextro-tartaric, 220.

„ dioxysahcyhc, 220.

„ ellagic, 266.
, „ equisetic, 221.

,, ethyl- sulphuric, 209,

„ formic, 218,

Acid, gallic, 220,

,, gelseminic, 214.

,, glycochoUc, 231.

,, hippuric, 219.

,, hydjocyanic, 221.

„ hydroferrocyanic, 221.

„ hyponitric, 165.

,, hydro-fluosilicic, 167.

„ iodic, 167.

,, kinic, 219.

,, lactic, 219.

,, mahc, 220.

,, margaric, 219.

,, meconic, 221,

,, metaphosphoric, 170,

,, molybdic, 203.

,, mucic, 220.

,, myristic, 218.

,, naphthaUc, 221.

,, nitrous, anhydrous, 165.

,, niobic, 202.

,, oenanthyUc, 218.

,, oleic, 219.

,, orthophthahc, 221.

,, palmitic, 219.

,, parabanic, 227.

„ paratartaric, 220.

,, perchloric, 167.

,, phenic, 210.

„ phenylcarbamic, 228.

,, phosphoric, 170.

anhydrous, 170.
„ ,, glacial, 170.

,, phthalic, 221.

„ picric, 148, 211.

,, prussic, 221.
,, ,, Scheele's, 221.

,, pyrogaUic, 213.

,, quioic, 219.

„ racemic, 220.

rutic, 32.

,, salicyhc, 219.

,, sahcylous, 217.

,, sebacic, 220.

„ sebic, 220.

,, selenic, 169.

„ selenious, 169.

„ sihcic, 170.

„ sOico-fluoric, 167.

stearic, 219.

,, suberic, 220.

„ succinic, 220.

,, sulpho carbonic, 166.

„ sulpho vrnic, 209.

,, sulphuric, 169.
„ I) anhydrous, 169.
„ „ hydrate of, 169.

272

Acid, sulphuric, Nordhausen, 169.
„ sulphurous, 168.
,, tartaric, 220.
,, taurocholic, 231
,, thy my lie, 211.
,, titanic, 194.
,, trioxybenzoic, 220.
„ uric, 227.
,, valerianic, 218.
,, valeric, 218.
,, vitriolic, 169.
Acids, organic, 218.
Acipenser, Dauricus, 261.

,, Guldenstadtii, 262.
,, Huso, 262.
,, stellatus, 262.
„ Sturio, 262.
Ackawa, 111.
Aconite, 1.
Aconitine, 222.
Aconitum, ferox, 1.

„ heterophyllum, 1.
,, Napellus, 1.
Acorus Calamus, 149.
Acrodiclidium Camara, 111.
Actaea racemosa, 2.

„ spicata, 1.
Adansonia digitata, 11.
Adder, 263.

Adenanthera pavonina, 28, 40.
Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, 158.

,, pedatum, 158.
Adrew, 153.
^sculin, 214.
^thnsa Cynapium, 149.
African ammoniacum, 52.

,, bdellium, 25.

„ copal, 36.

„ cubebs, 109.

,, millet, 156.

,, tragacanth, 11.
Agapanthus umbellatus, 144.
Agar agar, 164.

,, earang, 164.
Agaric, larch, 163.
„ female, 163.
„ white, 163.
Agaricus campestris, 161.
Ajowan seeds, 53.
Alabaster, 240.
Alantin, 213.
Albite, 238.

Albizzia anthelmintica, 40.
Albumen, 230.
Alcohol, amylic, 209.

,, benzoic, 210.

,, benzyl, 210.
butyl, 209.

,, caprylic, 210.

„ cetyiic, 210.

„ diglucosic, 214.

„ ethylic, 208.

,, menthylic, 210.
octyl, 210.

„ oenanthylic, 210.

INDEX.

Alcohol, phenylic, 210.
,, propenyl, 212.
„ propylic, 209.
,, quartyl, 209.

quintyl, 209.
„ salicylic, 211.
,, septyl or heptyl, 210.
„ sexdecyl, 210.
„ tetrylic, 209.
thymylic, 211.
Alcohols and ethers, 207.
Aldehyde, acetic, 217.
„ ammonia, 217.
„ benzoic, 217.
„ cinnamic, 218.
„ pyromucie, 217.
„ salicylic, 217.
,, trichlorinated, 217.
Alder, black, 23, 90.
„ buckthorn, 23.
„ common, 125.
Aleurites ambinux, 117.
Algarobilla, 40.
Algarobo, 40.
Alizarin, 228.
AlkaU, albuminate, 230.

,, yellow, 176.
Allantoin, 227.
Alligator pear, 114.
Allium Porrum, 144.
„ sativum, 145.
„ Victoriale, 145.
Alloxan, 227.
AUoxantin, 227.
Allspice, 47.

wild, 114.
Allyl, suiphocyanate, 210.
Allyxia stellata, 92.
Almonds bitter, 40.
„ country, 48.
,, sweet, 41.
Alnus rubra, 125.
Aloe ferox, 146.
,, Indica, 145.
„ lingutformis, 146.
„ Socotrina, 145.
„ spicata, 146.
,, vulgaris, 146, 147.
Aloes, Aden, or black, 145.
„ Barbados, 146, 147.
„ caballin, 147.
,, Cape, 146.
,, Hadramaut, 145.
„ hepatic, 145.
„ Indian, 145.
,, Mocha, 146.
„ Natal, 146.
,, Socotrine, 145.
,, Zanzibar, 146.
Alpinia alba, 139.
,, Galanga, 136.
„ nutans, 136.
„ officinarum, 136.
Alsidium helminthocorton, 163.
Alstrcemeria Lictu, 144.

INDEX.

273

Alstouia eonstricta, 91.

,, scholaris, 91, 114.
Althtea officinalis, 10.
Alum, ammonia, 184.
„ chrome, 233.
,, ijotasli, 184.
,, roclie, commercial, 184.
„ „ true, 184.
„ Eoman, 184.
,, rupellum, 184.
„ shale, 240.
„ thallium, 192.
Alumiaa, hydrate, 240.

,, subphosphate, 240.
Aluminium, 184.

,, ammonio-sulphate, 184.
,, chloride, 184.
,, oxide, 184.
,, potassio-sulphate, 184.
,, sulphate, 184.
Alyxia stellata, 92.
Amadou, 162.
American aspen, 126.

,, black bear, 268.
,, calumba, 95.
„ centaury, 96.
,, dogwood, 49.
,, frankincense, 131.

ginseng, 54.
,, hellebore, 149.
„ horsemint, 103.
,, ipecacuanha, 120.
„ mandrake root, 6.
,, poplar, 126.
,, sarsapariUa, 64.
,, savin, 130.
Amianthus, 241.
Amides, 226.
Amidin, 213.
Amidotoluene, 222.
Amines, 222.
Ammi Copticum, 53.
Ammonia, bicarbonate, 179.
,, hydrochlorate, 179.
,, muriate, 179.
„ sesquicarbonate, 177.
Ammonias, compound, 222.
Ammonium, 178.

,, acetate, 178.
,, aldehydate, 217.
„ benzoate, 179.
,, bromide, 179.
,, carbonate, 179.

molybdate, neutral, 179.

,, nitrate, 179.

,, oxalate, 179.

„ oxysulphide, 180.

,, phosphate, 179.
» „ neutral, 179.

,, sesquicarbonate of, 179.

,, sulphate, 180.
1. „ normal, 180.

„ sulphocarbolate, 180.

,, sulphocyanide, 180.

,, sulphocyanate, 180.

Ammonium, sulphophenate, 180.
,, thionurate, 227.
,, vanadate, 202.
Amomum angustifolium, 136.
„ Cardamomum, 137.
„ citratum, 137.
,, cereum, 137.

Clusii, 137.
,, Daniellii, 136.
„ globosum, 137.
,, Korarima, 138.
,, latifoUum, 138.
,, longiscapum, 138.
,, macrospermum, 138.
„ maximum, 139.
,, medium, 139.
,, Melagueta, 139.
,, nemorosum, 136.
„ palustre, 137.
„ villosum, 139.
,, xanthioides, 140.
Amphibole, 241.
Amygdalin, 215.
Amj'gdalus commimis, 40.
Amyl, acetate, 209.
,, butyrate, 209.
,, chloride, 209.
„ formate, 209.
„ hydrate, 209.
„ hydride, 209.
„ nitrate, 209.
„ nitrite, 209.
„ valerianate, 209.
Amylamine, 222.

„ hydi-ochlorate, 222.
Anacahuite wood, 97.
Anacardium occidentale, 23.
Anacyclus Pyrethrum, 84.
Anamirta Cocculus, 4.
Ananto-mfil, 97.
Anchusa tinctoria, 102.
Auda-acu, 117.

„ Brasiliensis, 117.
Anderjow, 92.
Andira inermis, 28.
Andi-omeda Leschenaultii, 89.
Andi'opogon calamus aromaticus, 154.
„ citiatus, 153, 154.
,, laniger, 153.
,, muricatus, 154.
,, Nardus, 154.
„ pachnodes, 154.
„ Schoenanthus, 21,153,154.
Anethum gi-aveolens, 119.
AngeHca tree, 53.
Aniline, 222.

„ chloride, 222.
• sulphate, 222.
Anime, 36.

Anime Tacamahac, 13.
Annatto, roll, 9.
Anthemis nobilis, 85.
Anthracene, 207.
Anthracite, 166.
Anthraquinoue, 207.

T

274

INDEX.

Antidoto cacoons, 45.
Antimonic oxide, 200.
Autimonii oxidum, 200.
Autimouous chloride, 199.
Autimony, 199.

„ blftck, 200.

„ butter, 199.

„ chloride, 199.

„ crocus, 200.

„ crude, 200.

„ French regulus, 199.

„ glass, 200.

golden sulphuret, 200.

„ liver, 200.

„ oxychloride, 200.

„ pentasulphide, 200.

,, pentoxide, 200.

„ potassio-tartrate, 201.

„ tersulphide, 200.

thalho-tartrate, 192.

„ trichloride, 199.

„ trioxide, 200.
Antiar, 117.
Antiaris toxicaria, 117.
Antimonii oxysulphuratum, 200.
Antimonium sulphuratum, 200.
Apargia hispida, 88.
Apatite, 238.
Aphilothrix gemmse, 254.
Apium graveolens, 53.
Apium Petroselinum, 49.
Aplotaxis auriculata, 85.
Apocynum androsajmifolium, 92.

,, cannabinum, 92.
Apomorphine hydrochlorate, 223.
Aposepedine, 230.
Apples of Sodom, 253.
Aquilaria Agallocha, 111.
Arachis hypogeea, 28.
AraHa nudicaulis, 54.

„ spinosa, 53.
Arariba, 33.
Araroba, 33.
Arar tree, 129.
Arbutin, 215.

Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi, 89-
Areca Catechu, 150.
Argania Sideroxylon, 90.
Argemone Mexicana, 7.
Argentic oxide, 181.
Argentite, 239.
Argol, crude, 174.

„ -white, 174.
Aristolochia longa, 122.

,, reticulata, 122.
„ rotunda, 122.
„ Serpentaria, 122.
Arius, 260. •
Aromia moschata, 258.
Arrowroot, 142.

,, East Indian, 140.
„ Portland, 153.
Tahiti, 144.
Arsenic, 201.

„ disulphide, 201.

Arsenic, iodide, 201.

,, oxide, 201.

,, peroxide, 201.

„ sulphide. 201.
trisulphide, 201.

„ white, 201.
Arsenous oxide, 201.
Artemisia, absinthium, 85.
,, glomerata, 85.
,, maritima, 85.
Artanthe adunca, 109.

,, elongata, 109.
Arum maculatum, 153.
Arundo Donax, 154.
Asagraea ofiScinalis, 148.
Asarum Canadense, 123.
Asbestos, 241.
Ascidium, 6.
Asclepias ineamata, 96.

„ tuberosa, 96.
Asparagin, 226.
Asparagus officinahs, 147.
Asphalt, 206.

Astragalus microcephalus, 28.
Atherosperma moschata, 115.
Athyrium Fnix-foemuia, 159.
Atropa Mandragora, 44.
Atropine, 223.

,, sulphate, 223.
Auric chloride, 192.

„ oxide, 192.
Auricularia mesenterica, 161.
Aurum, 192.

,, musiviun, 194.
Australian copal, 129.

,, dammar, 129.

„ sassafras, 115.
Australene, 205.
Austra-terebenthene, 205.
Avena sativa, 154.
Avens, 42.

Avicennia nitida, 104.
Avilla, 45.
Avocado pear, 114.
Azadirachta Indica, 16 .
Azurite, 242.

Babul tree, 37.

Balantium chiysotrichum, 158.
Balm of Gilead, 25.
Balsam of Peru, 31.

,, ,, white, 31.

„ of Tolu, 31.
Balsamo bianco, 31.
Balsamodendron Africanum, 25.
„ GHeadense, 25.

Mukul, 26.
„ opobalsamum, 25.

Bamboo, 155.

Bambusa arundinacea, 155.
BandLkai, 11.
Bankoul nut, 117.
Baobab tree, 11.
Baptisia tinctoria, 29.
Barilla, 176.

INDEX'.

275

Barite, 239.

Barium carbonate, 181.

„ chlorate, 181.
chloride, 181.

,, dioxide, 181.

„ ferrate, 181.

,, nitrate, 181.

,, oxide, 181.

„ peroxide, 181.

,, sulphate, 181.
Bark, alcornoque, 15.
,, alstonia, 91.
,, alstonia scholaris, 91.
„ alyxia, 92.
,, alyxia stellata, 92.
,, Angustura, 18.
,, araha, 53.
,, Australian fever, 91.
,, avicennia nitida, 104.
,, bayberry, 126.
,, bead-tree, 16.
,, beaver tree, 3.
„ bibiru, 114.
„ button bush, 82.
,, buena Bogotensis, 65, 75, 77, 78.
,, ,, hexandra, 66, 79.
,, byrsonima laurifolia, 15.
,, cabbage-tree, 28.
„ canella, 92.
,, cascarilla, 118.
,, ,, false, 118.

,, cedrela, 15.

,, cephalanthus occidentalis, 82.

,, chiquiqui, 119.

,, Cinchona, Arica, 64.

„ ash, 68, 76.
„ „ Calisaya, 55, 56, 67, 76, 81.
). ,, ,, Peruvian, 60,

,, ,, spurious, 56, 65.
,, verde, 57.
,, „ „ white, 64.
,. „ ,, Zamba, 57.
,, ,, Carabaya, 58.
,, „ Carthagena, 59, 76.
)i ,) ,, fibrous, 59.

.. „ hard, 58, 67.

.. )) ,, red, 59.

M West Coast, 59,

63.

.. .. „ -woody, 67.

,, ,, Cochabamba, 56.
,, ,, Columbian, 55.
>» )» ,, soft, 55.

,, ,, coquetta, 59, 77.
„ „ crown, 67, 76, 78.
)) i> H. 0., 62.

.1 ,, Indian, 62.

„ large, 78.
). „ leopard, 76.

... ., „ rusty, 61, 76.
>. .. „ silver, 62, 76.
.. .. ), white, 59.
„ „ Cuzco, 64, 77.
.. ), ,, red, 66.

„ false, 65, 66, 69, 73, 75, 77, 79.

Bark, Cinchona, coarse, 60.

„ „ fine, 63.

.. „ grey, 76.

„ Huamalies, 61, 64, 67, 78,
,, ,, Huanuco, 78.

„ Loxa, 61, 62, 67, 72, 74, 76.
,, ,, ,, finest, 61, 76.
,, ,, Maracaibo, 58, 65.
,, ,, Marcapata, 64.
,, ,, New Granada, 59.
,, ,, orange, of Santa F6, 77.
,, ,, pale, 55, 58, 80.
,, ,, ,, from Ceylon, 55.

„ „ „ India, 55, 80, 81.
„ ,, „ „ Java, 55, 81.

„ Pitaya, 63, 72.

„ „ red, 63, 65, 67, 77.
,, ,, ,, ,, false, 65, 66, 69.
,, ,, ,, ,, fi-om Alausi, 79.

„ „ „ „ Ceylon, 65.
,, ,, ,, ,, ,, India, 79.
„ „ „ „ „ Java, 82.
,, ,, ,, ,, ,, Para, 79.

,, ,, „ „ Pitaya, 63,
77.

„ rusty, 67.

,, ,, silver, 67, 76.

„ yeUow,67, 76, 81.
„ „ false, 79.

,, ,, ,, from Bolivia, 82.

,. .. .. )> Java, 81.

>. .. .. .. Para, 79.

,, cinnamon, 113.

,, clove, Brazilian, 113.

,, „ cassia, 113.

,, ,, Indian, 112.

,, Condaminea tinctoria, 66, 75.

„ conessi, 92.

,, copalchi, 118.

,, „ corky, 119.

,, cork, 124.

„ costus amer, 75.

,, courida, 104.

,, croton, 66.

„ culilawan, 112.

,, cusparia, 18, 93.

,, Drimys Winteri, 2.

,, elm, 116.

„ „ slippery, 116.

,, esenbeckia, 76.

,, exostemma Caribaeum, 69, 73, 75.

,, floribundum, 73.
,, fever, Australian, 91.
„ gentiana Peruviana, 95.
,, geissospermum VeUosii, 92.
„ gomphosia chlorantha, 66.
„ hickory, 123.
,, hog plum-tree, 24.
,, laplacea quinoderma, 66.
„ liriodendron tuhpifera, 3.
,, magnolia glauca, 3.
„ malambo, 118.
,, malanea racemosa, 75.
„ margosa, 16.
,, matias, 118.

276

INDEX.

Bark, molia Azodaracli, 16.

,,, memecyloB grandis, 48.

„ mora, 36.

,, musena, 40.

,, natri, 119.

„ nim, 16.

,, nux vomica, 92.

„ oak, black, 124.

,, pfi,o pereira, 92.

,, Para, 79.

,, Paraguatan, 66, 75.

„ pepper, 2.

„ Pitaya, 63, 72, 77.

„ Pitoya, 66.

,, Porto Eico, 76.

„ poplar, white, 126.

„ prunus Virginiana, 41.

„ quillai, 42.

„ quino do campo, 94.

,, rohun, 15.

„ samaderagass, 20.

„ sassafras, 113.

„ ,, swamp, 3.

„ scaly, 123.

„ shag, 123.

„ shell, 123.

„ shppery elm, 116.

,, socchi, 66.

„ spondias lutea, 24.

„ stenostomum acutatum, 66, 68.

,, „ lucidum, 73, 76, 77.

„ swamp sassafras, 3.

„ Tellicherry, 92.

„ tuhp-tree, 3.

„ white poplar, 126.

„ wild cherry, 41.

,, willow, 126.

„ Winter's, 2.

„ „ false, 17.
Barley, 155.
Barsalo meUigetta, 137.
Baryta, carbonate, 239,

„ nitrate, 181.
Barytes, 181, 239.
Bases, organic, 222.
Bassorin, 11.
Batatas eduhs, 97.
Bauxite, 240.
Bay berry, 124.
„ salt, 176.
„ sweet, 114.
„ tree, true, 114.
BdeUium, African, 25.

Indian, 26.
„ opaque, 26.
Beans, locust, 36.
„ lotus, 6.
„ Malacca, 24.
„ Pichurim, 114.
,, Puohory, 114.
„ St. Ignatius, 98.
„ Tonka, 30.
Bearberry, 89.
Bear's grease, 268.
Beayer tree, 3.

Beauxite, 240.

Bebeerino hydrochlorato, 223.

,, sulphate, 223.
Bechilite, 237.
Bedda nuts, 48.
Belgaum walnut, 117.
Belladonna, 10.
Bell-metal ore, 243.
Belone megalostigma, 261.
Beluga, 262.
Bengal quince, 16.
Benjamin bush, 114.
Benoite, 42.
Benzene, 206.
Benzidam, 222.
Benzine, 206.
Benzoene dracyl, 206.
Benzoic chloride, 219.
Benzoin, 90.

,, Siam, 90.
„ Sumatra, 91.
Benzole, 206.
Benzoyl chloride, 219.
Benzyl hydrate, 210.
Berberine, 5, 223.
Berberis aristata, 6.
,, Asiatica, 6.
„ Lycium, 6.
Bergamot orange, 16.
Berries, bay, 114.
,, French, 23.
,, juniper, 129.
,, IPersian, 22.
,, poke, 109.
Beryl, 240.

„ Limoges, 184.
Berylhum, 184.

,, oxide, 184.
Betel nut, 150.
Betula alba, 125.

„ lenta, 89, 125.
Bezoar, occidental, 268.

,, oriental, 266.
Bibirine hydrochlorate, 223.

„ sulphate, 223.
Bielaga, 262.
Bilva tree, 16.
Biotite, 241.
Birch, 125.

„ cherry, 125,
,, mahogany, 125.
,, sweet, 125.
Bishop's weed, true, 53.
Bismuth, 201.

,, carbonate, 201.
„ nitrate, 201.
,, pentoxide, 202.
,, Bubnitrate, 201.
telluride, 169.
trioxide, 202.
Bismuthic oxide, 202.
Bismuthous oxide, 202.
Bismuthum album, 201.
Bissa bCl, 26.
Bitter wood, 3.

.INDEX.

Bixa orellana, 9.
Black alder, 23, 90.
,, ash, 175.
,, jack, 242,
,, root, 105.
Blacklead, 166, 237,
Bladder wrack, 164.
Blanc fixe, 181.
Blende, 242.

,, cadmium, 242.
„ phosphorescent, 242.
Bhster-fly, potato, 257.

,, yeUow DeccaiL, 257,
Blooming si3urge, 120.
Blue John, 237.

„ stone, 188.
Boa constrictor, 263.
Bogbean, 95.
Bone black, 166.
Boneset, 86.
Borax, octahedi'al, 175.

,, prismatic, 175.
Borneo camphor, 12.
Bornite, 242.
Borocalcite, 237.
Bos Taurus, 265.
Boswellia Bhau-Dhajiana, 26,
Carterii, 26.
„ Frereana, 26.
Botany Bay kino, 46.

„ resin, 148.
Bottle gourd, 45.
Bowdichia virgilioides, 15.
Boxberiy, 89.
Brazilian wax, 151.
Bream, 261.
Brimstone, stone, 168.
British alkali, 176.

„ bay salt, 276.
Bromine, 167.
Bromoform, 212,
Broom, 32.

„ Spanish, 32.
Brucia, 223.

„ sulphate, 223.
Bryony, black, 132.

,, white, 44.
Bryonia dioica, 44.
Buckbean, 95.
Buchinha, 45.
Buchu, 45.
Buck nutmeg, IIL

,, yam, 132.
Buckthorn, 22.

Buena Bogotensis, 65, 75, 77, 7a

,, hexandra, 66, 79.
Burgundy pitch, 128.

). „ artificial, 128.

Burning bush, 22.
Bm-sera acuminata, 27.
Butch, 149.
Butea frondosa, 30.
Butter, cacao, 12.

,, cocum, 212.

„ nuts, 123.

Butterfly weed, 96.
Button snakeroot, 88.
Butua, 4.
Butyl chloral, 217.

,, „ hydrate, 209.
Byrsonima laurifolia, 15.

Cabacinho, 45.
Cabaco, 45.
Cacao butter, 12.
Cadjii gum, 23.
Cadmia Fornaoum, 186.
Cadmium, 187.
Cadmium bromide, 187.
„ carbonate, 187.
,, chloride, 187.
„ iodide, 187.
,, sulphide, 187.
,, sulphuret, 242,
Cfesalpinia Bondueella, 36.
,, coriaria, 32.
,, echiuata, 33.
Cfflsium, 180.

,, chloride, 180.
Oaftre corn, 156.
Cajeput oil, 47.
Cake saffron, 86.
Calabar bean, 31.
Caladium esculentum, 152.
Calamine, 241.

„ electric, 242.
,, prepared, 24L
Calamus Draco, 150.
Calcite, 239.
Calcium, 182.

„ acetate, 182.

,, borate, 182.

„ butyrate, 182.

„ carbonate, 182,

,, chloride, 182.

„ citrate, 183.

„ hypochlorite, 183.

,, hypophosphite, 183.

„ lactate, 183.

,, malate, 183.

„ oxide, 183.

,, phosphate, 183.

phosphide, 183.
„ phosphuret, 183.
,, Bodio-carbonate, 182.
„ sulphate, 183.
„ Bulphocarbolate, 183, 236.
,, eulphophenate, 183.
,, tartrate, 183.
CaUche, 177.

CaUitris quadrivalvis, 129.
Calophyllum Calaba, 13.
Calotropifi gigantea, 90.

„ procera, 96.
Calumba wood, 5.
Calx antimonialis, 170.

,, chlorata, 183.
Camara nutmeg, 111.
Camphogen, 207.
Camphora officinarum, 111.

278

INDEX,

CampLor, Borneo, 12.
,, ciudo, ill.

oil of, 111.
,, turpentine, 205.
Canada balsam of, 128.
,, fleabane, 86.
„ pitch, 128.
Canarium commune, 27.

,, edule, 27.
Candleberry tree, 117.
Canella alba, 17.

Singapore, 112.
Canna edulis, 142.

,, Indica, 142.
Cannabis Indica, 116.
Cantharides, 257.
Caoutchoucine, 206.
Cape badger, 268.

,, saffron, 105,
Caper plant, 120.

„ spurge, 120.
Capra ^gagrus, 266»
Capryl hydrate, 210.
Capsicine, 223.
Capsicum, 47, 100.

„ annuum, 100.
,, fastigiatum,. 100.
Caramania gum, 28.
Carapa Guineensis, 15.

„ Moluccensis, 16.
Carapia, 117.
Caraway, 49.
Caraways, Mogador, 49.
Carbo animahs, 166.
Carbon, bichloride, 166.
,, bisulphide, 166.
„ dichloride, 166.
„ metallic, 166.
„ tetrachloride, 166.
Carbonate, 181, 185.
Carbonic chloride, 166.

„ disulphide, 166.
Cardamine pratensis, 9.
Cardamom, bastard, 140..

Bengal,. 139.
„ bitter-seeded, 139.
black, 139.
Ceylon, 140.
„ China, hairy, 139.
,, ,, ovoid, 139.

„ ,, round, small, 138.

„ „ „ large, 137.

,, cluster, 137.
„ Galanga, 136.
,, Guiana, large-seeded, 139.
„ Java, 139.
„ Korarima, 138.
„ long -seeded, 137.
„ Malabar, 140.

Nepal, 139.
,, quince, 16.
„ round, 137.
„ winged, 139.
„ xanthioid, 140.
Cardamomum majus, 137.

Camallite, 172.
Camauba wax, 151.
Carob beans, 35.
Carohna jessamine, 92.

,, pink, 93.
Carom-pallagum, 162.
CarthamuB tinctorius, 86.
Canmi Ajowan, 53.

„ Carvi, 49.
Carya alba, 123.
Caryocar butyrosnm, 13.
Caryophyllus aromaticus, 45.
Cascarilla amarilla, 64.

n M del muna, 59.

del Bey, 82.
boba, 59, 69.
,, ,, de hojas moradas, 1.
„ carua carua, 64, 66.

Colorada, 59, 65, 77.
,, „ del Cuzco, 65.

„ ,, de Loxa, 61.

del Key, 82.
,, „ de Santa Anna G

,, con hojas de Zamba, 75.
„ con hojas redondas, 74.
„ de la Cordillera, 56.
„ de la Piray, 56.
,, de Santa Cruz, 56.
,, del pajonal, 57.
,, echenique, 56.
,, globifera, 66.
„ Ichu, 57.
„ lampina, 69.
„ macrocarpa, 75.
„ magnifoHa, 65, 70.
„ motosolo, 60.
,, mula, 58.
,, negriila, 58.
,, ,, fina, 69.

„ pallida, 63.
,, pata de gallinazo, 60.
,, provinciana, 60, 69.
,, guepo, 56, 60.
„ quina amarilla, 58.
,, „ carmrn, 58.

,, „ naranjada, 94.
„ Unas de gato, 66.
,, Zamba, 63.
„ Zamba morada, 63.
Casein, 230.
Caseous oxide, 230.
Cashew nuts, 23.
Cassareep, 127.
Cassia acutifolia, 34.
„ .ffithiopica, 33.
,, Brasihana, 33.
,, brevipes, 33.
„ buds, 112.
,, elongata, 33, 34.
„ Fistula, 34.
,, grandis, 33.
,, lanceolata, 34.
,, Marilandica 34.
„ moschata, 34.
„ obovata, 34.

INDEX.

279

Cassia, small American, 34.
Cassiterite, 243.
Castoorie munjil, 141.
Castor fiber, 269.
Castoreum, Bucharian, 269.

„ North American, 269.

„ Eussian, 269.
Catechu, black, 39.

Pegu, 39.
Catha edulis, 22.
Cnulophyllum thahctroides, 6.
Cawk, 239.

Ceanothus Americanus, 22.
Cedar, bastard, 15.
Cedrela febrifuga, 15.
Celestine, 239.
CeUuhn, 213.
Cellulose, 213.
Centaui-y, greater, 94.
,, lesser, 94.
„ yellow, 94.
Cephaelis ipecacuanha, 54.
Cephalanthus occidentahs, 82.
Ceradia fm-cata, 87.
Cerasus serotina, 41.
Cerite, 240.
Cerium, 184.

,, nitrate, 185.

,, oxalate, 185.
Ceroxylon Andicola, 150.
Cerussite, 244.
Cervus Alces, 266. .

,, Dama, 266.

„ Elaphus, 266.

„ Taraudus, 266.
Ceryl cerotate, 210.
Cetonia aurata, 258.
Cetraria Islandica, 159.
Cetyl hydi-ate, 210.

„ palmitate, 210.
Ceylon cardamoms, 140.
Chairophyllum temulum, 50.
Chalcocite, 242.
Chaleopyrite, 242.
Chalk, 182.

„ French, 241.

,, precipitated, 182.

,, prepai-ed, 182.
Chameleon mineral, 173.
Chamissoi, 158.
Chamomile, Koman, 85.
Charcoal, 'animal, 166.

,, wood, 166.
Chavica Eoxbui-ghii, 109.
Checkerberry, 89.
Chelonanthus species, 94.
Chenopodium anthelminticum, 108.

„ botrys, 47.
Cherry birch, 125.
Chesnut, water, 48.
Chessy copper, 242.
ChessyUte, 242.
Chiau turpentine, 24, 126.
Chicory, 88.
ChUi arrowi-oot, 144.

Chili saltpetre, 177.
ChiUies, 100.

Chimaphila umbellata, 89.
China alba, 68.

,, bicolorata, 68.

,, CaribsBa spuria, 69.

,, Cusco vera, 68.

,, de Para pahida, 69.

,, de Eio Janeii'O, 69.

„ fibrosa, 78.

,, flava dura, 67.

,, flava fibrosa, 67.

„ huamahes, 67.

,, Huanuco, 67.

„ Jaen, 68.

„ pallida, 69, 79.

,, loxa, 67.

„ pseudo-loxa, 68,

,, pseudo-regia, 69.

„ regia, 68.

„ ,, convoluta, 57.

,, „ spuria, 68.

„ rulDra, 67.

„ rubiginosa, 68, 7'8.

,, nova, 68.

„ sanctse Lucias seu Pitoa,
69.

China musk, 266.
Chinese green dye, 22.

,, vermicelli, 156.
Chinoidine, 225.
Cbii-etta, 95.
Chloral, 217.

,, hydrate, 217.

,, ,, Liehrich's, 217.

Chloranihne, 222,
Chloride, 202.

„ platiaic, 198.
Chlorine, 167.

„ bisulphide of, 168.
Chloroform, 212.
Chloronitrous gas, 165.
Chlorophane, 237.
Chob-China, 162.
Choice dielytra, 8.
Cholesterine, 211.
Chondodendron tomentosum, 4.
Chondrus crispus, 163.

„ mammiUosus, 164.
Chromate, 180.
Chrome orange, 195.

„ red, 195.

„ yellow, 195.
Chromic acid, 202.

„ chloride, 202.
Chromium, 202.

„ chloride, 202.
„ sesquioxide of, 202.
Chrysarobine, 33.
Chrysomela fastuosa, 258.

,, graminis, 258.
Chrysophanic acid, 33.
Chuquii-agua insignis, 88.
Churrus 116.
Cibotium Barometz, 158.

280

INDEX.

Cibotium Chamissoi, 158.

„ Kliiiiciini, 158.

,, Menziesii, 158.
Ciciata virosa, 50.
Cicutine, 223.

Cinchona amygdalifolia, 56.
,, anstralis, 56.
„ Boliviaua, 58, 76.
„ Bonplancliana, 62, 82.

Calisaya, 55, 56, 57, 58, 68,
71, 81, 82.

caloptera, 82.
„ Charhuargnera, 61, 71, 76.
„ Condaminea, 61.
„ conglomerata, 74.
„ cordifolia, 58, 72, 76.
„ crispa, 62, 68, 76, 80.

decurrentifolia, 72, 75, 76.
,, Delondriana, 65.
„ elliptica, 58, 69.
„ eunura, 81.

glandulifera, 6&.
„ Hasskarrliana, 81, 82.
„ betei-ophylla, 58, 77.
„ Humboldtiana, 73.
„ laneeolata, 59.

lancifoHa, 55, 59, 72, 74, 75,

76, 77, 78.

„ Ledgeriana, 55.

„ lucTimjefolia, 59.

„ macrocalyx, 74.

„ micrantha, 60, 68, 70, 76,

77, 78, 81.

„ Mutisii, 61, 75, 77, 78. ,
„ nitida, 71, 78.
„ oblongifolia, 65.
„ officinalis, 55, 56, 61, 70, 73,
74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81.
ovata, 62, 63, 77.
„ Pahudiana, 81, 82.
„ palalba, 75.
„ Palton, 63.

Pelleteriana, 64, 68, 69.
„ Peruviana, 63, 69, 70, 71,
72 74 76.
Pitayensi's, 63, 71, 72, 77.
pnbescens, 64, 70, 72, 73,
74, 75, 77, 78, 82.
„ purpurea, 64, 68, 69, 71.
„ rosulenta, 64.
„ serobieulata, 65, 71, 72, 74,

77, 78.
,, subcordata, 74, 76.
„ snccirubra, 56, 65, 71, 74, 77,

79, 81.
„ Tucujensis, 65, 68.
Cinchonidine, 223.
Cinchonine, 67, 223.

„ hydrochlorate, 223.
sulphate, 67, 223.
Cinnabar, 243.
Cinnamene, 207.
Cinnamodendron corticosum, 17.
Cinnamol, 207.

Cinnamomum aromaticum, 112.

Cinnamomum Campliora, 111.
,, Culilawan, 112.

,, inerH, 112.

,, Zeylanicum, 113.

Cinnyl cinnamate, 211.

„ Pareira, 4.
Cistns Creticus, 9.
CitrulluB Colocynthis, 44.
Citrus Bergamia, 16.

„ Bigaradia, 17.

„ Limetta, 17.

,, Limonum, 17.
Civet, common, 268.

„ Zibeth, 268.
Cladonia rangiferina, 159.
Claviceps purpurea, 161.
Clay ironstone, 244.
Clearing nuts, 94.
Clove stalls, 45.
Cloves, mother, 45.
Cluster pine, 130.
Cneorum tricoccon, 117.
Coakum, 109.
Coal tar, 210.
Coal, stone, 166.
Cobalt, 198.

„ armnonio-chloride, 138.

,, carbonate, 198.

„ chloride, 198.

,, dichloride of, 198.

,, monoxide of, 199.

,, nitrate, 199.

,, oxide, 199.

„ sesquioxide, 199.
Cobaltic oxide, 199.
Cobaltous chloride, 198.

„ oxide, 199.
Coca leaves, 15.
Cocaine, 15.
Cocco de Purga, 117.
Coccoloba uvifera, 106.
Cocculus Indicus, 4.
Cocoa, Brazilian, 14.

,, tree, 12.
Cocombro, 45.
Cocos nucifera, 151.
Cocum butter, 123.
Cod, 260.
Codaga pala, 92.
Codeine, 223.
Coffea Arabica, 82.
Coffee tea, 82.
Coh-e gum, 129.
Cohosh, black, 6.

„ blue, 6.
Coix lachryma, 155.
Colchicum autumnale, 148.
Col, 50.

Colcothar, 197.
Coliander, 50.
Colic root, 132.
CoUinsonia Canadensis, 102.
Collocalia esculenta, 264.
Collodium, 214.

„ flexile, 214.

INDEX.

281

Colocyntli, South American, 45.

,, Turkey, 44.
Colocynthin, 215.
Colocynthine, 44.
Colophony, false, 130.
Coltsfoot, 123.
Columbite, 247.
Columbium, 202.
Colutea arborescens, 30.
Comptonia asplenifolia, 124.
Condaminea tinctoria, 66, 75.
Coney kUpdas, 268.
Coniine, 223.

„ hydrobromate, 224.
Coniferin, 218,
Conium maculatum, 49, 50.
Conquin tay, 143.
Convolvulus Scammonia, 97.
Convolvulin, 215.
Cooroongite, 206.
Copaifera multijuga, 35.

,, trapezifoUa, 35.
Copal balsam, 126.
Copernicia cerifera, 151.
Copper, 187, 242.

,, acetate, 187.

,, ,, basic, 187.

,, ammonio-sulphate, 189.

,, arsenate, 188.

„ arseniate, 188.

„ arsenite, 188.

,, carbonate, 188.

,, „ blue, 242.

„ „ green, 242.

,, chloride, 188.

„ chromate, 188, 242.

,, iodide, 188.

,, lactate, 188.

„ monoxide, 188.

,, nitrate, 188.

,, ,, basic, 188.

,, oxide, black, 188.

„ ,, cupric, 188.

,, ,, cuprous, 188.

,, protosulphide, 189.

,, pyrites, 242.

,, red oxide, 188.

,, subacetate, 187.

,, suboxide, 188.

,, sulphate, 188, 236.

,, ,, commercial, 188.

,, sulphide, 189, 242.

,, sulphite, 189.

„ sulphocarbolate, 189.
Copper ore, azure, 242.

,, „ octahedral, 242.

,< „ Peacock, 242.

„ ,, purple, 242.

,, „ ruby, 242.

,, „ variegated, 242.

,, „ vitreous, 242.
„ yellow, 242.
Coptis Teeta, 2.

,, trifoha, 2.
Corallium rubrum, 248.

I Coral plant, 87, 120.
„ red, 248.
Cordia Boissieri, 97.
Coriaria myrtifolia, 19.
Coriander, 50.
Coriandi-um sativum, 50.
Cork oak, 124.
Corn mildew, 163.
Cornus Florida, 49.
Corte de Pala, 92.

Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis spu

rius, 69.
Cortex Thuris, 125.
Cortex Thymiamatis, 125.
Corundum, 184.
Corydalis formosa, 8.
Corypha cerifera, 151.
Coscinium fenestratum, 5.
Costus, 75, 85.
Cotton tree, 11.
Cotyledon umbilicus, 43.
Couch grass, 157.
Coukum, 109.
Coumarin, 215.
Courida tree, 104.
Cowbane, 50.
Cowdie gum, 129.
Cowhage, 31.
Cranberry, upland, 89.
CranesbiU, 21.
Cream of Tartar, 174.
Creasol, 212.
Creatine, 231.
Creatinine, 231.
Creasote, 210, 212
Crocus sativus, 143, 148.

„ Martis, 197.
Cro ton-chloral, 217.
Croton Eluteria, 118.

,, lucidum, 118.

„ Malambo, 118.

,, niveus, 118.

„ oil, 119.

„ pseudo-China, 118.

„ Tiglium, 119.
Cryolite, 240.
Crystal mineral, 173.
Crystallography, 232.
Cubeba Clusii, 109.

,, olficinaHs, 110.
Cubebin, 215.
Cuckoo flower, 9.
Cuckoopint, 153.
Cudbear, 160.

Cuichuncully de Cuenoa, 10.
Cuhn, 166.
Culver's physic, 105.
Cuminum Cyminum, 50.
Cupric sulphide, '189.
Cuprite, 242.
Cuprous sulphite, 189.
Curari, 94.

Curcas multifidus, 120.

„ purgans, 119.
Curcuma angustifoUa, 140.

282

Curcuma longa, 140.
,, starch, 140.
,, Zedoaria, 141.
,, Zeruinbet, 141.
Curcumin, 141.
Cuttle-fish bone, 259.
Cut weed, 203.
Cycas revoluta, 131.
Cymene, 207.
Cymol, 207.
Cymyl, hydride, 207.
Cynips fecundatrix, 254.
„ folii, 254.
,, glutinosa, 253.
„ insana, 253.
„ KoUari, 252.
,, longipennis, 254.
,, pedunculi, 254.
„ petioli, 252.
,, polycera, 253.
,, scriptorum, 252,
„ termiuahs, 253.
„ tinctoria, 252.
Gynomorium coccineum, 127.
Cynanchum Monspeliacum, 96.
Cyperus hexastachys, 153.
,, longus, 153.
,, pertennis, 153.
,, rotundus, 153.
,, sweet scented, 153.
Cyprinus Carpio, 261.
Cypripedium pubescens, 135.
Cytinus Hypocistis, 127.
Cytisus scoparius, 32.

Dacrydium cupressinum, 131.
Dahlin, 213.
Dalbergia arborea, 35.
Daman, 268.
Dammara australis, 129.

,, orientalis, 129.
Dandehon, 88.
Dandenong peppermint, 148.
Daphne Laursola, 110.

,, Mezereum, 110.
Dasse, 268.
Date palm, 152.
Datura Stramonium, 100.
Daucus Carota, 50.
Deer balls, 161.
Deerberry, 89.
Delphinium Staphisagria, 2.
Delphine, 224.

,, mezereum, 110.
Desman, 269.
Devil tree, 91.
Devil's bit, 88.
Devonite, 240.
Dextrine, 213.
Dextroglucose, 214.
Dextrose, 214.
Dhak tree, 30.
Diallage, 241.

Diammonic phosphate, 179.
Dicentra formosa, 8.

INDEX.

Dictamnus Fraxinelk, 18.
Dicksonia chrysotricha, 158.
Dicypellium caryophyllatum, 113.
Didymium, 185.
Digitahn, 215.
Digitalis purpurea, 105.
Dika bread, 23.
Dimethyl-benzene, 206.
Dimon pine, 131.
Dingy-hoof polyporus, 162.
Dinitro-benzene, 205.
Dinitro-cellulin, 214.
Dioscorea sativa, 132.

„ triphylia, 132.

,, villosa, 182.
Diphucephalus sericeus, 258.
Diplumbic nitrate, 195.
Dipotassic oxalate, 173.
Dipterocarpus turbinatus, 12.
Dipteryx odorata, 30.
Disodic arsenate, 175.
Diuretic sal ammoniffi, 171.
Divi-divi, 32.
Dog's-bane, 92.
Dolomite, 341.
Doornboom, 37.
Dorema Ammoniacum, 50, 51.
Dorstenia BrasiUensis, 117.
Doum pahn, 152.
Dracaena Draco, 147, 150,
Dracontium fcetidum, 149.
Dragon's blood, 147.

„ ,, in reed, 150.

Drift weed, 203.
Diimys Winteri, 2.
Dromacus Novte-HoUandiae, 264.
Dry bone, 241.
Dryobalanops aromatica, 12.
Dukhani chiretta, 95.
Durra, 155.
Dutch liquid, 211.
Dyer's weed, 29.
East Indian arrowi'oot, 140.

Eayapi&, 117.
Eblanin, 206.
Ecballium officinarum, 44.
Ecorce, Exostemma du Br6sil, 73.
„ „ du Peru, 73, 75.

,, de Paraguatan, 75.
„ Quinquina bicolore, 73.

blanc, 70.

blanc de Loxa,72, 75.
„ de Mutis, 75.
,, fibreux de Jaen
75.

Calisaya, 71.
CaUsaya 16ger ou

jaune orange, 71.
Caraibe, 75.
Carthagene brun, 72.

jaune, 72.
,, ros6 d'ocaua,
64.

„ spongieux, 72.

INDEX.

»

n
»>

M

1)
))
))
J)
»>
>j
))

Ecorce, Quinquina, d'Arica, 70, 78.
„ „ de Colombie ligneux,

74.

„ „ de Colombie ou

d'Antioque, 72.
„ „ de Cuzco, 72, 78.

„ „ de Jaen ligneux et

rougeatre, 74.
de Lima fin, 70,
„ „ gros, 70.
„ „ rouge, 72, 73.
de Loxa, 70.

„ blanc, 72, 75.
,, cendre, 74.
„ fin, 70.
,, gris brun, 70.
„ gros, 70.
,, inf&'ieur, 73.
„ jaune fibreux,
74.

„ ,, rouge marron,
65, 74.
dit Havane, 71, 73.
,, ,, Tari§t§,71.
du Brgsil, 66, 69.
ferrugiueux, 71.
gris fibreux royal

d'Espagne, 73.
gris imitant le jaune

royale, 70.
gris pale anoien, 74.
jaune orange, 71, 74.
ligneux et rougedtre,
74.

nova, 65, 70.

,, colorada, 69, 75.
nouveau Calisaya, 71.
orange de Mutis, 74.
piton, 73.

rouge blanchissant, h
I'air, 74.
„ blanc, 71.
,, rouge de Santa

Eg, 71.
„ monde , dit quin-
quina orange,
71.

„ non verraqueux ,
71.

„ orange plat, 71.
,, pale, 65.

>> )> )> verruqueux, 71.

Egbubu, 138.

Egyptian privet, 43.

„ soap root, 10.

Elseis Guineensis, 151.

„ melanococca, 151.
Elaterin, 215.
Elaterium, 44.
Elaphrium elemiferum, 27.

M graveolens, 27.
Elaphomyces granulatus, 161.
Elecampane, 10, 86.
Elemi, African, 27.

M Brazilian, 27

>»

Elemi, in reed, 25.

„ Manilla, 27.

,, Mexican, 27.
Elephant, 268.

„ apple, 17.
Elephas Africanus, 268.
Elettaria Cardamomum, 140.

,, major, 140.
Eleusine coracana, 155.
Elk, 266.
Elm, 116.
,, red, 116.
„ slippery, 116.
Embden groats, 154.
Emery, 184
Emetine, 224.
Emu, egg of the, 264.
Equus Caballus, 266,
Ergot of rye, 161.

,, wheat, 161.
Erigeron Canadense, 86.
Ervum Lens, 30.
Eryngium campestre, 51.
Erythraea Centaurium, 94.
Erythrite, 213.
Erythroglucin, 213.
Erythromannite, 213.
Erythrophloeum Guineense, 35.
Erythrosin, 231.
Erythroxylon Coca, 15.
Esculent swallow, 264.
Esenbeckia febrifuga, 76.
Etami, 121.
Ethal, 210.
Ether, 208,

,, acetic, 208.

,, butyric, 208.

„ chloric, 208.

„ formic, 208.

„ hydrobromic, 208.

„ hydriodic, 208.

,, oenanthic, 209.

,, pelargonic, 209.

,, sulphuric, 208.
Etherine, 211.
Ethiopian sour gourd, 11.
Ethiops mineral, 190.
Ethyl acetate, 208.

,, acid sulphate, 209.

,, bromide, 208.

,, butyrate, 208.

„ chloride, 208.

„ formate, 208.

„ hydrate, 208.

„ iodide, 208.

„ nitrite, 208.

,, oxalate, 208.

„ oxide, 208.

,, pelargonate, 209.
Ethylene dichloride, 211.
Eucalyptus amygdalina, 46.
,, fabrorum, 46.
,, globula, 46.
„ manna, 214.
„ mannifera, 46.

284

INDEX,

Eucalyptus resinifera, 4G.

„ rostrata, 46.

,, vimiualis, 4G.
Euchouma spinosa, 1G4.
Eudyptes species, 204.
Eugenia caiyophyllata, 45.
,, Pimenta, 47.
,, Jambos, 47.
Eupatorium glutinosm, 86.

„ perfoliatum, 86.
Euphorbia coroUata, 120.

,, Ipecacuanha, 120.

,, Lathyris, 120.

,, resinifera, 120.
Euryangium Sumbul, 51.
Excrementum monitoris Nilotici,
263.

Exidia Auricula- Judffi, 161.
Exogonium Purga, 99.
Exostemma Caribceum, 73.

„ floribundum, 73.

„ du Br6sil, 73.

„ du Perou, 73, 75.

Fallow deer, 266.
Fasogh, 52.

Faux nard du Dauphins, 145.
Featherfoil, 87.

Febrifuge, or digestive salt of Sylvius,

171.
Fecula, 213.
Female regulator, 87.
Fennel, 51.

,, bitter, 51.
„ Eoman, 51.
Fenillea cordifolia, 45.
Fenugreek, 30.
Fern, sweet, 124.
Feronia elephantum, 17.
Ferri ammonio-citras, 196.

,, carbonas saccharata, 196.

,, et quinee citras, 196.

,, iodidum, 197.

,, oxidum magneticum, 197.

,, oxidum nigrum, 197.

,, phosphas, 197.

,, sulphas, 198.

,, sulphus exsiccata, 198.
Ferric acetate, 196.

„ phosphate, 197.
Ferrous carbonate, 196.
,, chloride, 196.
,, phosphate, 197.
Ferrum tartaratum, 198.
Ferula galbaniflua, 51.

,, orientaUs, 52.
,, rubricauhs, 51.
,, Tiligitana, 52.
Feverfew, 87.
Feshook, 52.
Feverwood, 114.
Fir, balsam 128.

,, wood oil, 130.
Fire tree, 47.
Flowers, balaustine, 47.

Flowers, Toolsie, 80.
FluoritG, 237.
Fly Sida, 256,
Fconiculum, dulce, 51.

,, Panmorium, 51.
„ vulgare, 51.

Fcenum camelorum, 153.
Fool's parsley, 49.
Formyl, perchloride of, 212.
Foxglove, 105.
Prasera Carolinensis, 95.
Fraxinus Ornus, 101.
French berries, 23.

,, physic nuts, 120
Fruita d'Arara, 117.
Fucus nodosus, 204.

,, serratus, 203.

,, vesiculosus, 164, 203.
Fuh-Ling, 162.
Fulmarus glacialis, 264.
Fulmar petrel, 264.
Fungus Mehtensis, 127.
Furfurme, 222.

nitrate, 222.
Furfurol, 217.
Fusel oil, 209.

Gadus Morrhua, 260.
Galangal, 136.
Galena, 233, 244.
Galenite, 244.
Galipea cusparia, 18,
Gahpot, 130.
GaUs, Aleppo, 252.

,, artichoke, 254.

,, Bokhara, 250.

,, Bussorah, 253.

„ button, 254.

,, cherry, 254.

,, Chinese, 252.

,, English, 252.

„ Hungary, 253.

„ Istria, 253.

,, Japanese, 252.

,, knoppern, 253.

„ Mecca, 253.

,, pistacia, 254.

,, sweetbriar, 254.

,, tamarisk, 254.

„ wattle tree, 255.
Gambler, 83.
Gamboge, 13.
Garancin, 228.
Garcinia Mangostana, 13.
„ Morella, 13.
,, purpurea, 13.
Gardenia, 83.
Garget, 109.
Garlic, 145.

Gaultheria procumbens, 89.
Gay feather, 88.
Gay-Lussite, 182.
Geelbriok, 261.
Geele bloemetjes, 105.
Geissospermum Vellosii, 92.

INDEX.

285

Gelatin, 230.
Gelose, 230.

Gelseminiim sempervirens, 92.
Genipa Americana, 83.
Gentiana lutea, 95.

,, Pannonica, 95.

,, Peruviana, 95.

„ purpurea, 95.
Geranium maculatum, 21.
German tinder, 162.
Geum urbanum, 42.
Gibbsite, 240.

Gigartina mamillosa, 163, 164.
GUbager, 261.
GUbricker, 261.
GUlenia stipulacea, 42.

,, trifoliata, 42.
Ginger, 142.

„ wild, 123.
,, yellow, 141.
Gingerbread tree, 152.
Glance coal, 166.
Glass, soluble, 177.

,, water, 177.
Gliadin, 230.
Globularia Alypum, 104.
Glucinum carbonate, 184.
,, oxide, 184.
„ silicate, 184.
Glucose, 214.
Gluten, 230.
Glycerine, 212.

,, crystallized, 212.
,, Price's patent, 212.
Glycocine, 230.
GlycocoU, 230.
Glycyi-rliiza glabra, 30.

,, echin'ata, 30.
Glycyrrhizin, 215.
Goa powder, 33, 229.
Goat, 266.
Gobbo, 11.
Goguoi, 138.
Gold leaf, 192.
,, mosaic, 194.
,, native, 243.
,, sodio-chloride, 192.
,, stannate, 193.
,, terchloride of, 192.
,, teroxide of, 192.
Golden rod, sweet-scented, 87.

senecio, 87.
Goma Mesquitina, 40.
Gombo, 11.

Gomme de Barberie, 37.
„ Galam, 37.

I'Inde, 17.
,, Nopal, 45.
„ Salabreda, 37.
„ du bas du fleuve, 37.
„ du haut du fleuve, 37.
„ Geddah, 37.
,, Kuteera, 38.
„ lignirode, 37.
„ pellicul^e, 37.

Gomme turique, 37.

,, vermiculee, 37.
Gomphosia chlorantha, 66.
Googul, 26.

Gorgonia flabeUum, 248.

,, pretiosa, 248.
Gossypium herbaceum, 11.
Gracilaria lichenoides, 164.
Graines d'Avignon, 23.
Grains of Paradise, 139.
Grana paradisi, 137.

,, regia minora, 120.
Grande cardamomede Madagascar, 137.
Graphite, 166, 237.
Grass tree, 147.
Great cachalot, 265.

,, reed, 154.

„ saUow, 126.

,, sturgeon, 262.

„ water dock, 108.
Green copperas, 197.

,, hellebore, 149.

,, sauce, 108.

„ vitriol, 197.
Greenockite, 242.
Ground holly, 89.

,, nut, 28.
. ,, raspberry, 2.

„ sanctum, 20.
Guaco, 87, 123.

,, del monte, 87.

,, del rastrojo, 87.
Guaiacol, 212.
Guaiacum officinale, 20.
Guarana, 14.
Guaza, 116.

Guilandina BonduceUa, 86.
Guimauve, 10.
Guinea corn, 155.
„ cubebs, 109.
„ grains, 139.
Gul-i-pista, 250.
Gum acaroides, 148.

„ arable, 17.

„ blackboy, 148.

,, British, 213.

,, butea, 30.

,, cherry tree, 41.

,, cistus, 9.

„ guaiacum, 20.

,, labdanum, 9.

„ juniper, 129.

,, Kuteera, 28.

„ Moussul, 29.

„ red, 46.

,, sandarach, 129.

,, sarcocol. 111.

„ Sicilian, 41.

„ thus, 131.
Gum tree, blue, 46.
Gummi nostras, 41.

„ Toridonnense, 28.
Guncotton, soluble, 214.
Gunjah, 116.
Gur^gie spice, 138.

I

286

INDEX.

Gurjun balsam, 12.

„ oil, 12.
Gynocardia odorata, 10,
Gypsum, 240.

„ fibrous, 240.
Gypsophila Strutbium, 10.
Gyropbora pustulata, 159.
,, vellea, ICO.

Habak badee, 26.
Habbal-babasbi, 138.
Habzelia £etbiopica, 3.
Heematin, 230.
Hffimatite, 245.

,, compact columnar, 245.
HasmatoxyUn, 228.
Hajmatoxylum Campecbianum, 36.
Halicore dugong, 265.
Halosimus Syriacus, 256.
Hartsborn, 266.
Hart's truffles, 161.
Hasbab, 37.
Hasbisb, 116.
Hayescme, 237.
Hazel crottles, 161.

„ rag, 161.
Heavy spar, 181.
Hedeoma pulegioides, 102.
HeU, 138.

Hellebore, American, 149.
„ swamp, 149.
,, wbite, 149.
Helleborus fcetidus, 2.

niger, 2.
,, viiidis, 2, 149.
Hemidesmus Indicus, 97.
Hemlock, 50.

„ pitcb, 128.
,, spruce, 128.
,, water, 50.
,, ,, dropwort, 52.

Henbane, annual, 101.

,, biennial, 101.
Henna, 43.
Hepar sulpburis, 174.
Hepatic aloes, 145.
Hepiolus virescens, 163.
Heracleum Spbondylium, 52.
Herb, bennet, 42.
,, Cbristopber, 1.
„ of grace, 19
Heudelotia Africana, 25.
Hickory, 123.

,, scaly bark, 123.
Hing, 52.
Hingra, 52.

Hippopotamus ampbibius, 265.
Hirneola Auricula-JudsB, 161.
Hog gum, 24.

,, plum tree, 24.
Holarrbena antidysenterica, 92.
Holcus Sorgbum, 155.
Hoodwort, 104.
Hops, 117.

Hordeum distichum, 155.

Horse brimstone, 168,

,, cassia, 33.
Horsefly weed, 29.
Horseradisb, 1.

„ tree, 40.
Huile de Cade, 130.
Humulus Lupulus, 117.
Hydrangea arboroscens, 43-
Hydrargyri iodidum, 190.

M „ rubrum, 190.

)> viride, 190.

,, oxidum flavum, 190.
Hydrastis Canadensis, 2.
Hydric dioxide, 165.

„ potassic carbonate, 171.

sulpbate, 174.
,, sodic carbonate, 176.
Hydride of benzyl, 206.
Hydro-borocaleite, 237.
Hydrocarbons, 205.
Hydrocotyle Asiatica, 52.

„ -vulgaris, 43.
Hydrogen, bicarburet, 206.

,, cyanide, 221.

,, ferrocyanide, 221.

,, peroxide, 165.
Hydroxyl, 165.
Hymensea Courbaril, 36.

,, Mossambicensis, 36.
Hyoscyamus niger, 101.
Hypbene Tbebaica, 152.
Hyraceum, 268.
Hyrax Capensis, 268.

Iceland spar, 234.
Icica Icicariba, 27.
Idris Yagbi, 154.
Ilex Paraguayensis, 90.
Illicium anisatum, 3.
Imyra Quiyuba, 113.
Indayacju, 117.

Indian barberry, 6. %

,, bread, 162.

,, corn, 157.

,, fennel, 51.

„ fig, 45.

„ gmger, 123.

„ bemp, 92, 116.

,, ipecacuanba, 97.

,, liquorice, 27.

,, millet, 155.

,, physic, 42.

,, poke, 149.

,, sarsaparilla, 97, 132.
sbot, 142.

,, walnut, 117.
yellow, 228.
Indigo, 227.

„ wild, 29.
Indigofera tinctoria, 30.
Indigotin, 227.
Inula Conyza, 105.

,, Heleuium, 86.
Inulin, 213.

Insect Powder, Persian, 87.

INDEX.

287

Iodide, mercuric, 190.

,, mercui'ous, 190.
Iodine, 167.
Iodoform, 212.
lonidium Ipecacuanlia, 10.
,, microphyUiim, 10.
,, parviflorum, 10.
Ipecac spurge, 120.
Ipecacuanlia, American, 42.
„ Brazilian, 120.

wild, 120.
,, woody, 10.
Ipomoea Orizabensis, 99.
„ Purga, 99.
,, simulans, 99.
Ii'idic oxide, 193.
Iridium, 193.

,, dioxide of, 193.
,, oxide, 193.
Iris Florentina, 144.
,, Germanica, 144.
,, versicolor, 144.
Iron, 196.
,, ammonio-citrate, 196.
,, bisulphide of, 233.
,, carbonate, 196, 244.
,, citrate, 196.

,, ,, with Quinetum, 196.

,, coiumbate, 247.

,, dichloride, 196.

,, ferrocyanide, 197.

„ iodide, 197.

,, lactate, 197.

,, ore, 245.

,, ,, arsenicated, 244.
,, „ magnetic, 244.
,, ,, octahedral, 244.
,, ,, spathose, 244.
,, ,, specular, 255.
,, oxalate, 197.
,, oxide, magnetic, 197.
,, ,, red, 245.
,, peracetate, 196.
,, perchloride, 196.
„ peroxide, 197.
„ perphosphate, 197.
,, persulphate, 198.
,, potassio-citrate, 196.
,, potassio-tartrate, 198.
,, proto-arsenate, 196.
,, proto-chloride, 196.
,, pro to-phosphate, 197.
,, pyrites, 233.
„ pyrophosphate, 197.
,, quino-citrate, 196.

» with strychnia, 196.

„ sulphate, 197.

,, sulphocarbolate, 198.
Irvingia Barter!, 23.
Isatin, 228.

Isinglass, Astrachan cake, 262.

„ leaf, 262.
i» ,> long-staple, 262

>> „ short-staple, 262.

„ bead or necklace, 263.

Isinglass, beluga leaf, 262.
,, Bengal purse, 259.

boiled, 263.
,, Bombay, long-tongue, 260.
,, Brazilian honeycomb, 261.
,, ,, lump, 261.

,, ,, pipe, 259.

,, ,, ribbon, 259.

,, cuttings, 263.
,, fragments, 262.
,, Hudson's Bay purse, 263.

,, giant purse,

263.

,, Indian rolled leaf, 260.

,, Konti, 263,

„ Ki-oschki, 262.

„ New York ribbon, 260.

Para, 261.
,, patriarch, 262.
„ Penang leaf, 260.

„ long-pipe, 261.
.. long-tongue, 259,

.> „ oyster, 260.

,> )) short-tongue, 259.

,, Persian lump, 263.
,, picked, 259.
„ Siberian fragments, 263.

„ lump, 262.
,, Somovey book, 260.

■ „ leaf, 261.

11 " „ short-staple, 261.

„ Sizzany or Sisane leaf, 261,
„ skobky, 261
Isonandra gutta, 90.
Isphagfil, 102.
Ivory plant, 152.

Jaborandi, Pernambuco, 18.
Jaar, 155.
Jalap, male, 99.

„ stalk, 99.

,, spurious, 99.

,, Tampico, 99.

„ Vera Cruz, 99.

„ woody, 99.
Jalapin, 99, 216.
Jamaica ash, 19.

„ mignonette, 43.
„ quassia, 19.
Jateorrhiza Calumba, 5.

,, palmata, 5.
Jatropha multifida, 120.
Jeffersonia diphyUa, 6.
Jew's ear, 161.
Jewellers' rouge, 197.
Jerusalem oak, 108.
Jessamine, Carolina, 92.

„ wild, 92.
Job's tears, 155.
Juglans cinerea, 123.

,, regia, 123.
Jujube fruit, 23.
Juncus odoratus, 153.
Juniper tar oil, 130.
Juniperus communis, 129.

288

INDEX.

Juniperus Sabina, 130.

,, Virgiuiana, 130.
„ OxycedruB, 130.

Kaat Muktaree, 22.

„ Subbare, 22.
Kali chlorinicum, 171.

,, tartarizatum, 174.

,, ■vitriolatum, 174.
Kamala, 121.
Kapila, 121.
Kapilapodi, 121.
Karam, 25.
Karingbota, 20.
Karrodoorn, 37.
Kami pine, 129.
Kawrie gum, 129.
Kelp, 167.

Kermes mineral, 200.
Ketones, 218.
Kbaroub, 35.
Khdvi, 153.
Kidneywort, 43.
Kiecblie gudda, 141.
Kikar tree, 37.
Kino, African, 31.

„ Bengal, 30.

,, "Botany Bay, 46.

,, East Indian, 31.

,, Jamaica, 106.

,, Pulas, 30.
Kola nuts, 11.
Kokum butter, 13.
Korarima cardamom, 137, 138.
Krameria tomentosa, 14.

,, triandra, 14.
Kuskus, 154.
Kuteera gum, 28.
Kyanol, 222.

Lactin, 214.
Lactucarium, 88.
Lactuca virosa, 88.
Ladies' smock, 9.
Lagenaria vulgaris, 45.
Laminaria digitata, 203.
Lana dye, 83.
Lanthanium sulpbate, 186.
Larinus maculatus, 258.
Lastrtea Filix-mas, 159.
,, Oreopteris, 159.
,, spinulosa, 159.
Laurostearin, 212.
Laurus Benzoin, 114.

,, nobilis, 114.
Laurel, true, 114.
Lavandula vera, 103.
Lavender, 103.
Lawsonia alba, 43.

,, inermis, 43.
Lead, 194.

„ acetate, 194.

„ arsenate, 244.

„ carbonate, 194, 244.

,, chloride, 195.

Lead, chromate, 195, 244.

,, dicbromate, 195.

,, dioxide, 195.

,, iodide, 195.

,, molybdate, 195.

,, monoxide, 195.

,, nitrate, 195.

„ „ basic, 196.

,, ore, green, 244.

,, oxide, 195.

,, ,, basic, 195.

,, oxycbloride, Pattinsou's, 195.

,, peroxide, 195.

,, phosphate, 244.

,, red, 195.

„ suboxide, 195.

,, sulphide, 244.

„ tartrate, 196.

„ triplumbic tetroxide, 195.

,, vanadate, 247.

„ white, 194.
Leaves, argel, 97

,, benne, 105.

„ buchu, 18.

,, matico, 86, 109.

„ ,, spurious, 109.

„ senna, 33, 34.

„ „ spurious, 19, 97.

„ „ wild, 104.

„ sesame, 105.

„ tobacco, 101.
Lecanora tartarea, 160.
Lecythis usitata, 47.

,, Zabucajo, 47.
Leech, green, 249.

,, speckled, 248.
Leipzic yellow, 195.
Lemon grass, 153.
,, plant, 153.
,, wild, 6.
,, yellow, 195.
Lentils, European, 30.
Lepidohte, 238.
Leptandra Virginica, 105.
Lettuce, wild, 88.
Leucine, 230.
Levulose, 214.
Liatris spicata, 88.
Lichenin, 159.
Lickweed, 102.
Lign aloes, Mexican, 27.

„ wood, 111.

Lignite, 166.
Lignum vitas, 20.
Liquid-amber, 126.

,, Altingia, 126.

,, orientalis, 125.

„ Btyraciflua, 126.

Liquorice, 80.

„ Lidian, 27.
Lima wood, 33.
Lime, chloride of, 183.
,, chlorinated, 183.
„ citrate of, 183.
„ hydrous borate of, 237.

INDEX.

289

Lime, phosphate of, native, 238.

,, slacked, 183.
1 „ sulphate of, 240.
Lime tree, 12.
Limestone, magnesian, 241.
Lunonite, 245.
Linden tree, 12.
Linum catharticum, 21.

„ usitatissimum, 21.
Lippia citriodora, 153.
Liriodendron tulipifera, 3.
Litharge, 195.
Lithia mica, 238.
Lithium, 180.

,, carbonate, 180.
,, citrate, 180.
Litmus, 228.
Liver of sulphur, 174.
Llama Glama, 268.

,, Vicugna, 268.
Lobelia, 24.

,, decurrens, 88.
,, inflata, 89.
,, syphilitica, 89.
LobeUna, 89.
Locust beans, 35.

,, tree, 36.
Long nutmegs, 116.
Lords-and-ladies, 153.
Lotus beans, 6.
Luban Berbera, 26.
Himkur, 26.
„ Makur, 26.
,, Mattee, 26.
„ Morbat, 26.
Luffa J3gyptiaca, 45.

,, purgaus, 45.
Luh-kiau, 22.
Lui-hwan, 162.
Lungwort, 161.
Lupuline, 117.
Lupuhte, 117.
Lycoperdon nuts, 161.
Lycopodium, 159.

,, clavatum, 159.
Lydus Algu-icus, 256.

trimaculatus, 256.
Lyperia crocea, 105.
Lytta adspersa, 257.
,, atrata, 257.
„ Assamenis, 256.
„ anthracina, 257.
,, dubia, 256.
,, Pallasii, 257.
,, Eouxii, 257.
„ segetum, 256.
„ Syriaca, 256.
„ tibiaUs, 256.
„ vesicatoria, 256, 257.
,, vittata, 257.

Mabubu, 138.
Macaroni, 157.
Mace, 115.
„ wild, 116.

Macropiper methysticum, 110
Mad-dog weed, 104.
Magnesia, heavy carbonate of, 185.
,, light carbonate of, 185.
,, heavy calcined, 185.
,, light calcined, 185.
„ native carbonate of, 241.
Magnesite, 241.
Magnesium, 185.

„ chloride, 185.
„ lactate, 185.
,, oxide, 185.
„ silicate, 185.
„ sulphate, 186, 235.
„ sulphite, 186.
„ sulpho-carbolate, 186.
„ sulphophenate of, 186.
Magnetite, 244.
Magnolia glauca, 3.
Maidenhair, 158.

„ Canadian, 158.
Mangrove tree, black, 48.
Malacca beans, 24.
Malachite, 242.

„ blue, 242.
„ green, 242.
Mala insana, 253.
Malanea racemosa, 75.
Male fern, 159.
MaUow, 11.
Malva sylvestris, 11.
Mandrake 44.

„ American, 6.
Manganese, 199.

„ carbonate, 199.
,, chloride, 199.
,, dioxide of, 199.
,, oxide, 199.
„ „ black, 199.

,, ,, red, 199.

,, peroxide, 199.
„ phosphate, 199.
,, sesquioxide of, 199.
„ sulphate, 199.
Manganous chloride, 199.

,, sulphate, 199.
Mangosteen, 13.
Manihot utillissima, 121.
Manna ash, 101.

,, Australian, 214.
,, eucalyptus, 214.
Manna croup, 157.

,, trehala, 214.
Mannite, 101, 213.
Maple sugar, 15.
Marabimta's nest, 255.
Maranta arundinacea, 142.
Marble, black, 189.

„ white, 189.
Margaritiphora Margaritifera, 259.
Marjoram, 103.
Marking nuts, 24.
Marsh mallow, 10.
,, pennywort, 43.
,, trefoil, 95.

U

290

INDEX.

Marucoa yam, 27.
Masticli, 23.
Matapi, 121.
Mat6, 90.
Matico, 86.

„ spurious, 109.
Matricaria Chamomilla, 85.
May apple, 6.
Meena harma, 26.
Meerschaum, 241.
Melaleuca ericifolia, 47.

,, leucadendron, 47.
,, minor, 47.
Melia Azadiraclita, 16.
,, Azedarach, 16.
,, Indica, 16.
Melilotus ccerulea, 30.
Melissa officinalis, 154.
MeUtose, 46, 214.
Meloe autuinnalis, 258.
,, brevicollis, 258.
,, cicatricosus, 258.
,, coriarius, 258.
„ Majalis, 258.
,, proscarabffius, 257.
,, rugosus, 258.
,, Tuccius, 258.
,, variegatus, 258.
,, violaceus, 257.
Memecylon grandis, 48.
Menispermine, 224.
Menispermum Canadense, 5.
Mentha piperita, 103.
,, Pulegium, 103.
,, Tiridis, 103.
Menthyl hydi-ate, 210.
Menyanthes trifoUata, 95.
Menyanthin, 213.
Mercuric cyanide, 190.

,, oxide, 190.
Mercurous nitrate, 190.

,, oxide, 190.
Mercury bicyanide, 190.
,, biniodide, 190.
,, bisulphuret, 190.
,, gi-een iodide, 190.
„ grey oxide, 190.
,, monoxide, 190.
,, proto-iodide, 190.
,, protonitrate, 190.
,, protoxide, 190.
,, red iodide, 190.
,, ,, oxide, 190.
,, suboxide, 190.
,, siilphate, basic, 190.
,, ,, mercuric, 190.

,, sulphide, 190.
,, ,, with sulphur, 190.

,, sulphocyanide, 190.
,, • sulphocyanate, 190.
,, subsulphate, yellow, 190.
Merluccius vulgaris, 260.
Methene chloride, 211.
Methenyl bromide, 212.
„ chloride, 212,

Methenyl iodide, 212.
Methyl benzene, 206.

,, chloride, perchlorinated, 166.

„ hydrate, 207.

,, iodide, 207.

,, salicylate, 208,

,, strychnia, 226.
Metrosideros tomentosa, 47.
Mezereon, 117.
Mica, 241.

,, hexagonal, 241.

,, uniaxial, 241.
Mikania Guaco, 87.
Milkweed, 92, 96, 120.
Millet, Turkish, 155.
Mimetite, 244.
Mineral caoutchouc, 206.

„ Ethiops, 190.

„ Kermes, 200.

„ Turbith, 190.
Mogador colocynth, 44.
Mokasso, 11.
Molybdenum, 203.

,, native, 203.
„ oxide, 203.
„ sulphide, 203.
Molydenite, 203.
Momordica Elaterium, 44.

,, Luffa, 45.
Monarda punctata, 103.
Monkey bread, 11.

„ nut, 28.
Monkey's dinner bell, 120.
Monkshood, 1.
Monophenylamine, 222.
Moon seed, 5.
Moose deer, 266.
Mootha, 153.
Mora excelsa, 36.
Morchella esculenta, 162.
Morel, 162.

Morinda citrifolia, 138.
Moringa pterygosperma, 40.
Morphine, 224.

,, acetate, 224.

„ hydi-ocblorate, 224.

iodide, 224.
,, valerianate, 224.
Mosaic gold, 194.
Moschus moschiferus, 267.
Moss, Carragheen, 163.
,, Ceylon, 164.
„ Corsican, 163.
„ Iceland, 159.
,, Irish, 163.
,, Jaffna, 164.
,, reindeer, 159.
Mother cloves, 45.
Mountain damson, 20.
flax, 21.
,, pine, 130.
tea, 89.
Msandarusi, 36.
Mucima pruriens, 31
Mugho pine, 130

INDEX.

291

Mummy wheat, 157.
, Mm-exide, 227.
Marmatite, 242.
Musa Paradisaica, 143.
Mushroom spawn, 161.
Musk, Assam, 267.
,, Gabardine, 267.
„ China, 267.
,, Eussian, 267.
Musk deer, 267.

„ rat, 267.
Mustard, black, 9.
,, brown, 9,
,, Indian, 9.
,, white, 9.
Mycose, 214.
Mygale Muscovita, 269.
Mylabridffi, 255.
Mylabris Cichorii, 256.

phalerata, 256-
Mylitta lapidescens, 162.
Myrica Carolinensis, 124.
„ cerifera, 114, 124.
„ cordifoha, 124.
,, macrocarpa, 124.
Myiicm, 210.
Myricyl palmitate, 210.
Myristica fatua, 116.
,, fragraus, 115.
,, officinalis, 115.
Myristicin, 218.
Myristia, 212.
Myi-obalans, bastard, 48.
,, black, 48.

chebuhc, 48.
Myroxocarpine, 31.
Myroxylon Pereira?, 31,

,, Toluifera, 31.
Myrrh, 25.

,, African, 25.
,, Arabian, 25.
„ East Indian, 25.
„ white, 25,

Nagur Mootha, 153.
Nann^iri root, 97.
Naphthalene, 207.

„ bichloride, 207.
Narceine, 224.
Narcotine, 224.
Nardostachys Jatamansi, 84.
Nareaphthum, 125.
Natal aloes, 146.
Natchnee, 155.
NatroHte, 238.
Natron, 176.
Navel wort, 43.
Nectandra Eodisei, 114.

„ Puchury, 114.
Nelumbmm speciosum, 6.
Nicaragua wood, 33.
Nickel, 198.

„ chloride, 198.
oxide, 198.

„ phosphate, 198.

Nickel sulphate, 193.
Nicotiana Tabacum, lOl,'
Nicker tree, black, 14-
Niobite, 247.
Niobium, oxide, 202.
Nitre, 173.
„ cubic, 177.
„ prismatic, 173.
Nitric peroxide, 165.
Nitrogen, tetroxide, 165.

,, trioxide, 165.
Nitrous anhydride, 165.
Nitroso-nitric anhydride, 165.
Nitrosyl chloride, 165.

„ monochloride, 165,
Nitrum flammans, 179.
„ semivolatiie, 179.
„ tabulatum, 173.
Norway spruce, 128.
Nuts, Bankoul, 117.
„ Bedda, 48.
., betel, 150.
., bonduc, 36,
,, butter, 123.
,, cashew, 23.
,, clearing, 94.
„ Lycoperdon, 161.
,, nicker, 36.
„ physic, French, 120.
M ,, Spanish, 120.
,, pistachio, 24.
,, polga, 119.
„ Purguira, 120.

singhara, 48.
„ souari, 13.
Nutmegs, 115.

„ American, 3.
,, Calabash, 3.
,, Camaro, 111.
,, Jamaica, 3.
„ long, 116.
„ wild, 116.

Oak, black, 124.
„ lungs, 161.
,, poison, 24.
Oar weed, 203.
Oats, 154.
Obro beghar, 138
„ enlah, 138.
„ lelah, 138.
Ochro, 11.

CEnanthe crocata, 52.
(Enanthyl hydi-ate, 210.
Oil, almond, 212.

„ almonds, artificial, 206.

1' essential, 217.

„ artist's, 117.

„ bay, 212.

, , bays, 114.

„ beetle, violet, 257.

„ ben, 40.

„ bitter almonds, artificial, 206.
" " ,1 essential, 217.
I „ cajeput, 47.

292

INDEX.

Oil, Canada erigeron, 86.
,, celastrus panioulatus, 22.
„ cinnamon, 113.
„ ,, leaf, 113.
,, citronelle, 154.
„ cognac, 209.
,, cocoa-nut, 151.

„ „ palm, 151.
„ country walnut, 117.
,, dugong, 265.
,, emu, 264.
„ fulmar, 264.
„ fusel, 209.
,, geranium, French, 21.

Turkish, 43, 154.
„ gingelly, 105.
„ ginger grass, 43, 119, 154.
„ grass of Nemaur, 154.
,, Indian melissa, 153.
,, Jatropha, 119.
,, juniper, 129. .
„ Kundah, 15.
,, lemon grass, 153.
,, linseed, 21.
„ mace, 115.
,, male fern, 159.
„ meadow-sweet, 217.
,, mirbane, 206.
,, mustard, volatile, 210. .
,„ nutmeg, 115.
„ oUve, 212.
„ origanum, 104.
„ palm, 151.
,, palma rosa, 154.
,, pancreatic, 231.
,, penguin, 264.

„ peppermint, stearoptene of, 210.

,, Poonga, 35.

,, Ptychotis Ajowan, 211.

,, Rosa, 154.

,, Eusa-ka-tel, 154.

„ savin, 130.

,, stavesacre, 2.

,, Tallicoona, 15.

„ turpentine, 131.

,, verbena, 153.

vitriol, 169.
„ wild castor seed, 119.
,, wiutergreen, 89, 208.
•On-nut tree, 123.
Oldenlandia umbellata, 83.
Olea Europasa, 132 .
Olein, 212.
Oleum, 3.

abietis, 129.
Badiani, 3.

,, Eguse, 44.

„ pini sylvestris, 130.

,, templinum, 130.
Olibanum, 26, 51.
Olive tree, 102.
Ophelia angustifolia, 95.

„ Chirata, 95.
Opianyl, 216.
Opium, Benares 8.

Opium, Candeish, 8.

,, Constantinople, 7.

,, Egyptian, 7.

,, English, 8.

,, Indian, 8.

,, Malwa, 8.

,, Persian, 8.

,, „ stick, 8.

,, Smyrna, 7.

,, spurious, 8.
Opopanax, 52.

,, Chironium, 52.
Opuntia coccinellifera, 45.
Orcheha weed, 160.
Orchis, early purple, 135.
Organs, 103.
Origanum vulgare, 103.
Orizaba root, 99.
Oryza sativa, 156.
Osmium sponge, 193.
Osseter, 262.
Otaheite salep, 144.
Othonna furcata, 87'.
Otolithus, 259.
Otto of rose, 21.
Ovis aries, 266.
OxaUc acid, 220.
OxaUs acetoseUa, 21, 173.
Oxamide, 226.
Oxbalm, 102.
Oxidation products, 227.

Pachyma cocos, 133, 162.
Pakoe kidang, 158.
Palancupon, 138.
Pahmara, 91.
Palladious oxide, 193.
PaUadium, 193.

,, monoxide, 193.
„ sponge, 193.
Palm, Guinea oH, 151.
,, sago, 152.
„ wax, 151.
Palmitm, 212.
Panax ginseng, 54.

„ quiaquefolium, 54.
Pancreatic fluid, 231.
Pancreatin, 231.
Panmuhuri, 51.
Pao cravo, 113.
Papaver Ehoeas, 7.

,, somniferum,. 7,
Papaverine, 224.
Paraban, 227.
Paraffin, 205.
Paraguay tea, 90.
Paramorphia, 226.
Paratoluidine, 222.
Pareira brava, 4.

„ common false, 5.

,, inert false, 5.

„ white, 3.

„ yellow, 5.
Paris yellow, 196.
Parmeha perlata, 160.

INDEX.

293

Parsley, 49.
Paxtridge berry, 89.
Paullinia sorbilis 14.
Peach wood, 33.
Pearlash, 171.
Pearl barley, 155.

„ tapioca, 100, 152.
Pearls, 259
Pe-la, 210.
Pelius Berus, 263.
Pellitory of Spain, 84.
Peltigera cauina, 160.
Pentea Sarcocolla, 111.
Penghawar Djambi, 158.
Penguin, 264.
PenicUlaria spicata, 156.
Pennyroyal, 103.

„ American, 102.
Pepper, Australian, 3.
Benin, 109.
„ bird, 100.
,, black, 110.
„ cayenne, 100.
,, Ethiopian, 8.
„ Guiaea, 100.
„ long, 109.

pod, 100.
,, West African black, 109.
,, white, 110.
Pepper-pot, 121.
Peppermint, 103.

„ tree, narrow leaved, 46.
Pepsine, 230.
Perchloroformene, 166.
Pereirine, 92.
Persea gratissima, 114.
Persian berries, 22.

,, insect powder, 87.
Petalite, 238.

Petroleum, Pennsylvanian, 205.

,, Eangoon, 205.
Peucedanum montanum, 53.
Pharbitis Nil., 100.
Pharmacosiderite, 244.
Phenamide, 222.
Phenyl hydrate, 210.
Phlebia mesenterica, 161.
Phloridzin, 216.
Phoenix dactylifera, 152.
Phosphoric anhydride, 170.

,, chloride, 170.

„ , oxide, 170.
Phosphorus, 170.

,, pentoxide, 170.

„ pentachloride, 170.

„ per chloride, 170.

red amorphous, 170.

Phycite, 213.

Physeter macrocephalus, 265.
Physic nuts, 119.

„ „ English, 119.

„ „ Spanish, 120.
Physostigma venenosum, 31.
Physostigmine, 31.
Phytelephas macrocarpa, 162.

Phytolacea deeandra, 109.
Pichurim beans, 114.
Picrsena excelsa, 19.
Picrotoxin, 4, 216.
Pigeon berry, 109.
Pignoh, 130.
Pignons d'Inde, 130.

,, doux, 130.
Pilocarpine nitrate, 224.

,, phosphate, 224.
Pilocarpus, 18.
Piment, 47.
Pimenta ofScinalis, 47.
Pimpinella anisum, 53.
Pineapple essence, 208.
Pinaster, 130.
Pinhao Paraguay, 119
Pinus abies, 128.

,, balsamea, 128.

,, Canadensis, 128.

,, Fraseri, 128.

,, palustris, 131.

„ Picea, 129.

,, Pinaster, 130.

,, Pinea, 130.

„ Pumilio, 130
sylvestris, 130.

,, Taada, 131.
Piper angustifoUum, 109.

,, cubeba, 110.

,, crassipes, 110.

„ nigrum, 110.
Piperin, 216.
Pipsissewa, 89.
Pistacia lentiscus, 23.

,, Terebiuthus, 24.

,, vera, 24.
Pistachio nuts, 24.
Pitch, 206.

Plantago ispaghula, 102.
Plantain, 143.

,, meal, 143.
Plaster of Paris, 183.
Plaster stone, 240.
Platinum, 193.

black, 193.
spongy, 193.
Plocaria Candida, 164.

helminthocorton, 163.
Plumbago, 166, 237.
Plumbi acetas, 194.
„ iodidum, 195.
„ nitras, 195.
Poaya branca, 10.
,, de Praja, 10.
,, verdadeira, 54.
PodophylUn, 6.
Podophyllum peltatum, 6.
Pogostemon Patchouly, 104.
Poh di Bahia, 33.
Pohutu kawa, 47.
Poison oak, 24.
Poix-resine, 131.
Polga nuts, 119.
Polygala senega, 14.

294

INDEX.

Polygonatum officinale, 147.
Polygomim Bistorta, 106.
Polyuemus ludicus, 259.

,, plebejus, 260.
Polypodiam CalaguiiJa, 159.
Polyponis fomentarius, 1G2.

officinalis, 163.
Pomegrauate, 47.
Pougamia gLibra, 35.
Poplar, tacamahac, 12.6.
Popiilus balsamifera, 126.
„ tremuloides, 126.
nigra, 126.
Portland arrowroot, 153.
Potash bisulphate, anhydrous, 174.
chromate, red, 172.

„ yellow, 172.
citrate, neutral, 172.
hydriodate, 173.
muriate, 171.
oxy muriate, 171.
prussiate, red, 172.
subcarbonate, 171.
tartrate, acid, 174.
„ bibasic, 174.
Potassie dichromate, 172.
Potassium, 170.

acetate, 170.
„ albuminate, 230.
„ arsenite, 170.
„ arseniate, dihydric, 171.
„ bicarbomte, 171.
„ bichromate, 172.
„ binantimoniate, 170.
„ binarseniate, 171.
„ buaoxalate, 173.
„ bisulphate, 174.

. bitartrate, 174.
„ borotartrate, 171.

bromide, 171, 233.
„ carbonate, 171.
„ „ acid, 171.

„ chlorate, 171.
„ chloride, 171.
„ chromate, acid, 172.
„ „ neutral, 172.

„ chrysammate, 228.
„ citrate, 172.
„ cyanide, 172.
„ dioxalate, 173.
„ ferrate, 172.
„ ferricyanuret, 172.
„ fenicyanide, 172, 234.

ferrocyanide, 172, 233.
„ hydrargyro-eyanide, 172.
„ hydrai-gyro-iodide, 172.
„ iodate, 173.

iodide, 173, 233.
„ iodo-hydrai-gyrate, 172.
„ manganate, 173.
„ monosulphide, 174.
„ monochi'omate, 172.
„ nitrate, 173.
„ nitrite, 173.
„ oxalate, 173.

Potassium, osmiate, 173.

perclilorate, 171.
permanganate, 173.
quadroxalate, 174.
sulphate, 174.

„ acid, 174.
sulphide, 174.
sulphocarbolate, 174.
sulphocyanide, 174.
sulphophenate, 174.
sulphuret, 174.
tartrate, 174.
tetroxalate, 174.
Potato starch, 100.
Potentilla tormentilla, 42.
Potstone, 241.
Powder of Algaroth, 200.
Pristis antiquorum, 263.
Prickly ash, 12.
„ elder, 53.
„ pear, 45.
Prince's pine, 89.
Prinos verticiUatus, 90.
Propenyl hydrate, 212.
,, trilaurate, 212.
„ trioleate, 212.
,, tripalmitate, 212.
,, tristearate, 213.
Propyl hydrate, 209.
Prosopis dulcis, 40.
,, glandulosa, 40.
„ paUida, 40.
Pi-otein, 230.

Prunus lauro-cerasus, 114.

,, serotina, 41.

,, Virginiana, 41.
Prussian blue, 197.
Pseudaconitine, 1.
Ptelea trifohata, 18.
Pterocarpus erinaceus, 31.
,, Marsupium, 31.

„ santalinus, 32.
Ptychotis Ajowan, 63.
Puccinia graminis, 163.
Pucha-pat, 104.
Puchm-y beans, 114.
Pulas tree, 30.
Pulu, 168.

Pulvis antimoniahs, 200.

,, Carthusianorum, 200.
Punica Granatum, 47.
Purga de Gentio, 117.
• ,, dos Pauhstas, 117.
Purging flax, 21.
Purgo macho, 99.
Rirguira nuts, 120.
Pmple of Cassius, 193.
Purree, 228.
Purpurm, 228.
Ritang-ldlunggu, 141.
Putty powder, 194.
Pyrethrum Parthenium, 85, 87.

„ roseum, 87.
Pyrites, thalUferous, 243.
„ tin, 243.

INDEX.

Pyrogallol, 213,
Pyromorphite, 244.
Pyroxanthin, 206.
Pyimylin, 214.

Qua-leu, 139.
Quartz, 238.
Quassia amara, 20.
,, Jamaica, 19.
,, Surinam, 20.
Queen's delight, 122.

root, 122.
Quercite, 213.
Quercitron, 124.
Quercus ^gilops, 123.
,, peduuculata, 124.
,, robur, 124.
. ,, sessUiflora, 124
,, suber, 124.
,, tinctoria, 124.
Quicklime, 183.
Quillaia saponaria, 42.
Quina Blanca, 119.
,, de Caronia, 18.
,, do Campo, 94.
Quince, 43.
Quinidine, 223, 224.

,, sulphate, 225.
Quinine, 196, 225.

,, acetate, 67, 225.
,, amorphous, 225.
,, arsenate, 225.

citrate, 67, 225.
,, disulphate, 67.
,, ferrocyanide, 225.
„ hydrate, 225.
,, hydi-ochlorate, 225.
,, hydi-ochloride, 67.
,, hydriodate, 225.
,, kinate, 225.
,, phosphate, 67, 225.
,, sulphate, 67, 225.
,, ,, acid, 225.

„ tartrate, 225.
,, valerianate, 225.
Quinoidine, 67, 225.
Quintane, 209.
Quitch grass, 157.

Bacoon berry, 6.
Eadix caryophyllata, 42.
Eagwort, 87.
Eati, 27.
Eealgar, 201.
Bed cedar, 130.

,, elm, 116.
poppy, 7.

„ precipitate, 190.

,, puccoon, 8.

,, Sanders, 32.

,, wood tree, 15.
Eeindeer, 266.
Eesina abietis, 131.
Eesin, Carana, 27.

Eesin dammar, 129.
Eesorcin, 211.
Ehamnus amygdalinus, 22,
,, catharticus, 22.
,, chlorophorus, 22.
,, frangula, 23.
,, infectorius, 28.
Ehatany, 14.
Eheum compactum, 106.
,, emodi, 106.
„ officinale, 106, 107.
,, rhaponticum, 107, 108.
,, Webbianum, 108.
,, undulatum, 108.
Ehizophora Mangle, 48.

„ racemosa, 48.
Ehociium, 193.
Ehus glabra, 24.
,, Metopium, 24.
,, Toxicodendron, 24.
Eicinus communis, 121.
Eipogonum parviflorum, 132-
EocceUa fuciformis, 160.
„ Montagnei, 160.
,, phycopsis, 160.
,, tinctoria, 160.
Eock crystal, 238.

„ rose, 9.
Eoot alkanet, 102.
,, alum, 21.
,, angelica, 49,
,, arnica, 85.
,, assafcetida, 52.
,, ava, 110.
,, baneberry, 1. .
,, bangwell-zettp^ 5.
,, beth, 135.
„ belladonna, 100.
,, birth, 135
,, birthwort, 122.
,, bistort, 106.
„ bitter, 92..
,, blood, 8.
„ blue flag, 144.
,, Bowman's, 42.
„ bugbane, 2.
,, calumba, 5.
,) false, 5.

„ carnauba, 151.
,, cassumunar, 141.
,, cava, 110.
,, chay, 83.
,, chicory, 88.
., China, 133.
,, „ American, 133.
.,, ,, Brazilian, 133.
,, chuen-lien, 2.
,, clove, 42,
,, cohoah, black, 1, 6.
„ „ blue, 6.
„ Coninsonia, 102.

oontrayerva, 117.
,, coptis, 2.
,, costus, 85.
„ dittany,, false, 18.

296

INDEX.

Root, dog's bane, 92.
,, dropwort, 42.
,, elecampane, 86.
,, eringo, 51.
,, golangal, Chinese, 136.
„ „ de rinde, 136.
» „ greater, 136.
,, ,, Java, 136.
>, ,, lesser, 136.

light, 136.
,, gentian, 95.

ginger, Janaaica, 142*
„ ginseng, 64.

golden seal, 2.
„ gold thread, 2.
„ guaeo, 87.
,, hellebore,black, 2.
„ „ green, 2.

white, 149,
„ hwang-lien, 2.
„ Indian pink, 93.
,, jalap, Tampico, 1, 99.
„ „ Vera Cruz, 99.
r, „ woody, 99.
„ lic[uorice, 30.
„ madder, Bengal, 84.
„ „ crop, 83.
„ „ Gamene, 84,
„ ombro, 84.

„ mannari, 97.
„ mar a munjil, 5,
„ mezereon, 110.
„ misbmi tita, 2.
„ mudar, 96.
„ munjeet, 84,
„ musk, 51.
„ orris, 144.
,, Pareira brava, 4.
„ „ false, 4, 5.
„ „ grande, 4.
„ ,, white, 4.
„ ,, yellow, 5.

peilitory, 84.
,, pleurisy, 96.
,. poke, 109.
„ putchuk, 85.
„ red, 22.
, , rhatany, 14.
,, rheumatism, 6.
„ rhubarb, Bucharian, 108.
„ ,, Chinese, 106.
„ „ East Indian, 106.
„ „ English, 107.
„ „ French, 106,
,, „ Himalayan, 106.

smaU,108.
„ ,, Eussian, 106.

Turkey, 106.
„ sarsaparilla, Texan, 4.
„ senega, 14,
,, serpentary, 122.

Red River, 122.
,, snake, black, 2,
,, „ button, 88.
,, „ Canada, 123.

Root, snake, Virginian, 122.

„ spikenard, 84.

,, squaw, 6.

,, stone, 102.

,, sumbul, 51.

,, sweet potato, 97.

,, tormentil, 42.

,, tuber, 96.

,, turmeric, 141.

,, valerian, 84.

,, ,, American, 135.

,, wlihoo, 22.

,, wind, 96.

,, woniwal, 5.

„ yaw, 122.

,, yeUow, 2.

,, zedoary, 141,

,, zerumbet, 141.
Rosa cardna, 42.

„ centifoha, 42.

„ Damascena, 43.

,, GaUica, 43.
Rose, cabbage, 42.

,, Damask, 43.

„ dog, 42.

,, Provins, 43.
Rose-apple, 47.

„ chafer, 258.
Rosemary, 104.
Roseo-cobaltia, chloride, 198.
Rose pink, 96.
Rosin, black, 131.

,, white, 131.
Rosmarinus officinalis, 104.
Rottlera tinctoria, 121.
Rough chervil, 50.
Rubia cordifolia, 84.

,, munjista, 84.

,, tinctorum, 83.
Rubidium, 180.

,, chloride, 180.
Rumex acetosa, 108.

„ Hydrolapathum, 108.
Rusot, 6.

Ruta graveolens, 19.
Rutile, 243.
Rye, 157.

Sabbatia angularis, 96
Saccharose, 214.
Saccharum officinarum, 156.

„ penidium, 214.
Safflower, 86.
Saffron, Cape, 105.

,, hay, 143.
Sagapenum, 53.
Sage, oil of, 104.
Sago palm, spineless, 152.

,, Japan, 131.
Sagus IfBvis, 152.

,, Rumphii, 152.
Sajah, 49.

Sal absinthii citratum, 172.
,, acetosella, 174.
,, ammonite, 179.

INDEX.

297

Sal de duobus, 174.

„ enixon, 174.

,, gemm£e, 176.

,, marinus, 176.

,, mirabile, 178.

„ niger, 176.

,, polychrest, 174.

,, prunella, 173.

,, vegetabile, 174.
Salep, 135.

,, Otaheite, 144.
Salicin, 216.
Salicyl, hydride, 217.
SaHcylol, 217.
Saligenin, 211.
SaUx caprea, 126.

,, purpurea, 126.
Salt, bay, 176.

„ Claudet's, 198.

,, culinary, 176.

,, diuretic, 170.

,, Epsom, 186.

,, „ refined, 186.

„ Glauber's, 178.

,, ,, secret, 180.

„ Homberg's sedative, 169.

,, Macqueer's, 171.

„ Maldon, 176.

,, microcosmic, 177.

,, phosphorus, 177.

„ Kochelle, 178.

„ Seignette, 178.

,, smelling, 179.

„ rock, 176.

„ volatile, 179.
Salt of chrome, 172.

,, ,, hartshorn, 179.

„ ,, lemons, essential, 174.

„ ,, soda, 175.

„ „ sorrel, 173, 174.

,, „ Sylvius, febrifuge, 171.

„ ,, tartar, 171.

,, ,, wormwood, 171.
Saltpetre, 173.
Salvia officinalis, 104.
Samadera Indica, 20.
Samaderagass, 20.
Samaderin, 216.
Sambucus nigra, 54.
Sandal wood, 123.
Sandbox tree, 120.
Sanguinaria Canadensis, 8.
Sanguisuga medicinahs, 249.

„ officinalis, 248.
Santalum album, 123.
Santonica, 85.
Santonin, 216.
Sap green, 22.
Sapmdus Saponaria, 14.
Sapucaya nuts, 47.
Sarothamnus scoparius, 32.
Sarracenia purpurea, 6.
Sarsaparilla, 133.

„ American, 54.
„ spurious, 184.

Sarsasparilla Texan, 5.

,, wild, 54.
Sassafras nuts, 114.
Sassy tree, 35.
Savin, 130.

Savin, American, 130.
Saw fish, 263.
Saxon fennel, 51.
Scabiosa succisa, 88.
Scammonin, 215.
Schsenanthus, 153.
Scheele's green, 188.
Schorl, red, 243.
Scoke, 109.
Scoparin, 217.
Scorodosma foetidum, 52.
Scotch barley, 155.
„ fir, 130.
,, soda, 175.
Scythian lamb, 158.
Scutellaria lateriflora, 104.
Sea girdles, 203.

,, lettuce, 164.

,, oak, 164.

,, salt, regenerated, 171.
Seaside gi'ape, 106.
Secale cereale, 157.
Seed, see Nuts, Berries, Beans,

,, ajowan, 53.

,, angelica, 49.

,, anise, 53.

,, barricari, 28.

,, broom, 32.

„ ,, Spanish, 32.

„ carapa Moluccensis, 16.

,, caraway, 49.

„ cardamom, 140.

bastard, 140.

,, carrot, 50.

„ castor oil, 121.

„ „ African, 121.

,, cedron, 20.

,, cevadilla, 148.

„ chaulmugra, 10.

,, coriander, 50.

,, crab oil, 15.

„ cummin, 50.

„ dill, 49.

,, fennel, 51.

fenugreek, 82.
„ grains of paradise, 189.
„ Guinea grains, 139.
,, hemlock, 50.
„ maw, 7.
„ mustard, black, 6.
1. „ brown, 9.
n „ Indian, 9.

)> „ white, 9.
„ parsley, 49.
„ poppy, Mexican, 7.
,, quince, 43.
,, rai, 9.
„ sabadilla, 148.
,, sesame, 105.
„ spogel, 102.

298

INDEV.

Seed, stavesaorG, 2.
sunflower, 86.

,, toel, 105.
Seliuum palustre, 53.
Semecarpus Anacardium, 24.
Semen ajavie, 53.

,, cinaa, 85.

,, contra, 85.
Semina cataputiaj majoris, 121.

,, miuQiis, 120.
Semolina, 157.
Seneoio aureus, 87.
Senna Alexandrian, 34.

,, American, 34.

,, bladder, 30.

,, Jamaica, 34.

,, spurious, 33.

,, Tinnevelly, 33.

„ TripoU, 33.
Sepia officinalis, 259.
Sepiolite, 241.
Sequa, 45.
Serapinum, 53.
Serronine, 18.
Sesamum Indicum, 105.
Seven barks, 43.
Sewi'uga, 262.
Shad, 260.
Sha-jin-ko, 140.
Shale grease, 205.

,, residue, 205.

,, spirit, 205.
Shrub trefoil, 18.
Siderite, 244.
Side-saddle flower, 6.
Silica, 170.

Silicic anhydride, 170.

,, oxide, 170.
Sihcon, 170.
Snkweed, swamp, 96.
Silphium, 53.
Silurus glanis, 260.

,, Parkerii, 261.
SUver, 180.

„ acid chromate of, 180.

,, glance, 239.
leaf, 122, 180.

„ monoxide, 181.

,, native, 238.

,, nitrate, 180, 181.

,, sulphuret of, 239.
Silver-fir, 129.
Simaba cedron, 20.
Simaruba amara, 20.
Simiri tree, 36.
Singhara nut, 48.
Sinapis alba, 9.
,, juncea, 9.
nigra, 9.
Sinistria, 213.
Sireh, 153.

Skullcap, American, 104.
Skunk cabbage, 149.
SUppery ehn, 116.
Smilax, aspera, 132.

Smilax, Brasiliensis, 133.
,, china, 133.
,, pseudo-cliina, 133,
Smithsouito, 241.
Snake root, Virginian, 122.
Soapstone, 241.
Soap-tree, 14.
Soda, 175.
,, anhydrous, 177.
„ borate, native, 237.
,, felspar, 238.
,, muriate, 176.
,, phosphate, tribasic, 177.
Sodium, 175.

„ acetate, 175.

,, ammonio-phosphate, 177.

,, antimoniate, 175.

,, arsenate, 175.

„ biborate, 175.

,, bicarbonate, 176.

,, bisulphite, 178.

,, bitartrate, 178.

,, carbonate, 175.

„ ,, acid, 176.

,, chlorate, 176.

chloride, 176, 233.
,, dithionate, 177.
,, hydrate, 176.
,, hypophosphite, 177.
,, hyposulphate, 177.
,, lactate, 177.
,, metantimoniate, 175.
,, monoxide, 177.
,, nitrate, 177.
„ nitrite, 177.
„ nitroferroeyanide, 177.
,, nitroprusside, 177-
,, oxide, 177.
,, phosphate, 177.
,, potassio-tartrate, 178, 234.
,, pyi'ophosphate, 177.
,, sesquicarbonate, 176.
„ silicate, 177.
„ stannate, 178.
., sulphate, 178.
,, sulphite, 178.
„ sulphocarbolate, 178.
,, sulphovinate, 178.
,, sulphoethylate, 178.
„ sulphosulphate, 177.
,, sulphophenate, 178.
,, tartrate, 178.

acid, 178.
,, thiosulphate, 177.
,, timgstate, 178.
,, uranate, 203.
,, valerianate, 178.
Solanine, 225.
Solanum, dulcamara, 100.
,, nigrum, 100.
,, tuberosum, 100.
Solenostemma Argel, 97.
Solidago odora, 87.
Solomon's seal, 147.
Sonari nuts, 13.

INDEX.

299

Sophora Japoniea, 32.
Sorrel, 108.
Soymida febrifuga, 15.
Spanish fly, 257.
Spar, Bolognan, 239.
brown, 244.
, , Derbyshire, 237.
„ flnor, 237.
„ heavy, 239.
,, satin, 240.
,, strontian, 239.
Spartium juncemn, 32.
Spathegaster baccarum, 254.
Sperm whale, 265.
Spermaceti, 210.
Sphalerite, 242.
Spha3ria sinensis, 163.
Sphferococcus lichenoides, 164.
Spicewood, 114.
Spigeha Mai-ilandica, 93.
Spilsenard, 84.

,, small, 54.
Spindle tree, 22.
Spirit of salt, 208.

„ wine, 208.
Spiritus astheris nitrosi, 208.
Spodumene, 238.
Spondias lutea, 24.
Sponge, burnt, 248.

„ honeycomb, 248.
„ Turkey, 248.
Spongia officinalis, 248.

,, iista, 248.
Spotted geranium, 21.
Spurge, large flowering, 120.
Squaw mint, 102.
root, 6.
,, weed, 87.
Squinanthus, 153.
Squirting cucumber, 44.
Stagger weed, 8.
Stanuite, 243.
Stannous chloride, 194.

,, oxide, 194.
Star aniseed, 3.
Starch, 132, 213.

canna, 142.
,, cassava, 121.

maize, 157.
,, scammony, 98.
,, wheat, 98.
Stearin, 213.
Steatite, 241.

Stenostomum acutatum, 68.

lucidum, 76.
StercuUa acuminata, 11.

„ tragacantha, 11.
Stibium, 199.
Sticta pulmonaria, 161.
Stillingia sebifera, 122.

,, sylvatica, 122.
St. John's bread, 35.
Stone pine, 130.
Stream tin ore, 194.
Stringy bark tree, 146.

Strontian carbonate, 239.
Strontianite, 181,. 239.

,, muriate, 181.

Strontium, 181.

,, chloride, 181.
„ nitrate, 181.
,, oxide, 182.
,, sulphate, 182.
,, „ native, 239.

Strychnine, 226.

,, acetate, 226.
„ arsenite, 226.
,, hydrochlorate, 229.
,, hydriodate, 226.
,, nitrate, 226.
sulphate, 226.
Strychnos cinnamomifolia, 93.
,, Ignatii, 93.
,, inermis, 93.
,, nux vomica, 93.
,, potatorum, 94.
,, pseudoquina, 94.
,, toxifera, 94.
Stui'geon, common, 267.

great, 262.
Styracine, 211.
Styrax benzoin, 90.
,, brun, 125.
„ calamita, 125.
Styrol, 207.
Styrolene, 207.
Succus hypocistidis, 127.
Sugar, bai-ley, 214.
,, cane, 156, 214.
,, diabetic, 214,
,, ergot, 214.
„ grape, 214.
,, honey, 214.
„ milk, 214.
„ rag, 214.
„ starch, 214.
Sulphur chloride, 168.

,, common pure, 168.
,, flowers of, 168.
,, hypochlorite, 168.
,, in baccuUs, 168,
,, in rotulis, 168.
,, iodidum, 168.

lotum, 168.
„ milk of, 168.
>> ,, common, 168.

,, pure, 168.
„ monochloride, 168.
,, native, 237.
,, protochloride, 168.
,, prfecipitatum, 168.
„ roU, 168.
,, sublimatum, 168.
,, tiioxide, 169.
,, vivum, 168.
Sulphuric anhydride, 169.

,, oxide, 169.
Sulphm-ous anhydride, 168.
Sumach, Pennsylvanian, 24.
,, smooth, 26.

300

INDEX.

SumbiU, 51.

„ al-teeb, 84.
Sub scrofa, 265.
Suva, 4!).

Swamp hellebore, 149.

,, silkweed, 96.
Sweet fern, 124.

„ flag, 149.

„ gum, 126.

„ potato, 97.

,, spirit of nitre, 208.
Symplocarpus foetidus, 149.
Synantherin, 213.

Tacamahac, 12.

,, poplar, 126.
Tacca oceanica, 144.

,, starch, 144.
Tag alder, 125.
Talc, 241.
Tallow tree, 122.
Tamarindus Indica, 36.
Tamus communis, 44, 182.
Tangle, 203.
Tapioca, 121.
Tar, Barbadoes, 205.
„ coal, 206.
„ heavy oil of, 206.
,, light oil of, 206.
,, Stockholm, 206.
,, wood, 206.
Taraxacum dens-leonis, 88.
Tartar emetic, 201.
,, neutral, 174.
,, soluble, 174.
Tasmannia aromatica, 3.
Taurin, 231.
Tea, Abyssinian, 22.
,, Assam, 12.
,, mountain, 89.

blue, 87.
,, New Jersey, 22.
,, Paraguay, 90.
Tea berry, 89.
Tellm-ium, 169.

, , black, 237.

foliated, 237.
Tephrosia Apollinea, 32.
Terebene, 205.
Terebenthene, 205.
Terminalia Belerica, 48.
,, Catappa, 48.
,, Chebula, 48.
,, Citrina, 48.
Terpin, 205.

,, hydrate, 205.
Terra Japonica, 83.
Tetrasodic pyrophosphate, 177.
Thalia dealbata, 143.
Thalhferous pyrites, 243.
Thallious sulphate, 192.
ThaUium, 191.

,, acetate, 191.

,, alum, 192.

„ antimouiate, 191.

Thallium, antimonio-tartrate, 192,
,, benzoate, 191.
„ bichromate, 191.
,, bitartrato, 192.
,. bromide, 191.
„ carbazotate, 192.
,, carbonate, 191.
,, chlorate, 191.
„ chloride, 191.
„ chromate, 191.
,, iodide, 191.
,, molybdate, 191.
,, nitrate, 191.
,, oxalate, 191.
,, peroxide, 191.
,, picrate, 192.
,, platino-chloride, 191.
,, sesquichloride, 191.
,, silicate, 192.
. ,, sulphantimoniate, 192.
,, sulphate, 192.
,, tuiigstate, 192.
Thapsia garganica, 53.
Thea Chmensis, 12.

,, Assamica, 12.
Thebaine, 226.
Theine, 226.
Theobroma cacao, 12.
Thorough wort, 86.
Thuja articulata, 129.
Thus Judffiorum, 125.
Thymus vulgaris, 104.
Thymyl hydrate, 211.

hydride, 207.
Tikhar, 140.
Tikor, 140.
Tilia EuropaBa, 12.
Tin, 193.
,, bisulphide, 194.
,, chloride, 194.
,, dichloride, 194.
,, dioxide, 194.
,, iodide, 194.
,, monoxide of, 194.
,, oxide, 194.
,, „ native, 243.
,, salt, 194.
,, stone, 243.
,, sulphuret, 243.
Tincal, 237.
Tinospora cordifolia, 6.
Titanite, 243.
Titanium, 194, 243.

,, oxide native, 243.
Toluene, 206.
Toluidine, 222.
Toluenyl hydride, 206.
Tolyl hydride, 206.
Toolsie flowers, 30.
Toothache shrub, 19.

„ tree, 53.
Torbane Hill mineral, 166.
Torbanite, 166.
Tons les mois, 142.
Towanite, 242.

INDEX.

Towel gourd. 45.
Tragacanth, 28,
Trapa bispinosa, 48.
Trehalose, 214, 258.
Trigonella fcemun-grfficum, 32.
Trimethylamine, 222.

„ hydrochlorate, 222.

Trinitroplienol, 211.
Tripe de roche, 160.
Triticum compositum, 157.

„ durum, 157.

,, repens, 157.

,, vulgare, 157.
Trochisci de viperS, 264.
Trona, 176. •
Truffle, 163.
Tsao-quo, 139.
Tuber ffistivum, 163.

,, cibarium, 163.
Tuckahoo, 162.
Tulip tree, 3.
Tungsten oxide, 203.
Turbith mineral, 190.
Turkey corn, 8.

„ pea, 8.
Turners' yellow, 195.
Turpentine Bordeaux, 130.

Chian, 24, 126.

,, crude, 131.

„ Strassburg, 129.
Turpentine oil, hydrate, 205.
Tutty powder, 186.
Twin leaf, 6.

Tylophora asthmatica, 97.
Tyi-osin, 230.

Ulexite, 237.

Uknus campestris, 116.

,, fulva, 116.
Umbilicus Veneris, 43.
Umbrella tree, 3.
Uncaria Gambir, 83.
Unkum, 87.
Unto-mool, 97.
Upas tree, 117,
Uramil, 227.
Uranic oxide, 202.
Uranium, 202.

,, ammonio-carbonate, 202.

,, nitrate, 202.

„ oxide, 202.
yellow, 203.
Uranoso-m-anic oxide, 203.
Uranyl and ammonium carbonate, 202.

„ oxide, 202.
Urea, 226.
Urginea scUla, 147.
Ursus Americanus, 268.

Vaccinum Vitis-Idtea, 89.
Valerian, American, 135.

„ false, 87.

„ gi-eater, 84.

,, lesser, 84.
Valeriana officinalis, 84.

Valonia, 123.
Vanadium, 202.
VamUa Guianensis, 136.

„ planifolia, 135.

„ pods, 135.
Vanillin, 135, 218.
Vassamba, 149.
Vegetable ivory, 152.

,, sulphur, 159.
Venetian red, 197.
Veratrine, 226.
Veratrum, album, 149.

,, viride, 149.
Verbascum nigrum, 105.

,, Thapsus, 105.
Verdigris, 188.
Verditer, 188.
Verek tree 37.
Vetiver, 154.
Vine maple, 5.
Viper, 236.
Vitis vinifera, 17.
Vittie vayr, 154.
Viverra Civetta, 268.

„ Zibetha, 268.
Valeriana Phu, 84.

Wafer ash, 18.
Wai-fa, 32.
Wake Bobin, 153.
Walnut, Indian, 117.

white, 123.
Wall pennywort, 43.
Wars, 121.
Washing soda, 175.
Wassunta junda, 121.
Water chestnut, 48.

„ hemlock, 50.
Wattle-tree, black, 37.

„ green, 37.
WaveUite, 240.
Wax, bees, 255.

,, Chinese insect, 210.

,, Japan, 212.

,, palm, 160.

„ sugar-cane, 156.

,, white, 255.
White bryony, 132.
„ hellebore, 149.
„ lead ore, 244.
Wheat, 157.
Widow wale, 117.
WUd allspice, 114.

„ ginger, 123.

„ indigo, 29.

,, jessamine, 92.

„ lemon, 6.

,, mace, 116.

,. yam, 132.
Willa tree, 37.
WUlow, round-leaved, 126.
Wing seed, 18.
Winter berry, 90.
Wintergreen, 89.
Witherite, 181, 239.

302

INDEX.

Wittedoorn, 37.
Wolfram, 203.
Wolfsbane, 1.
Wood apple, 17.

„ oil, 12.

,, peach, 33.
sorrel, 21.
Woodbine, 92.
Woorali, 94.
Worm grass, 93.
Wormseed, 106.

,, Barbary, 85.
Wormwood, 85.
Wourari, 94.
Wrack, black, 203.

bladder, 203.

,, red, 203.
Wrightia tinctoria, 92.
Wu-k'iu mnh, 122.
Wulfenite, 195.
Wurrus, 121.

Xanthorrhiza apiifolia, 2.
Xylene, 206.
Xylobalsamum, 25.
Xylol, 206.

Xylopia ^thiopica, 3.

,, glabra, 3.
Xanthoxylon clava-Herculis, 19,

„ fraxineum, 19.

Xanthorrhoea arborea, 147.
,, Australis, 148.

Yah k'iu, 122.
Yam, buck, 132.
,, common, 132.
,, wild, 132.
Yang-chun-sha, 139.
Yellow ginger, 141.

,, jasmine, 92.

„ parilla, 5.

„ puccoon, 2.
Yih-che-tsze, 139.
Ypadu, 15.

Zaffre, 199.
Zea ipays, 157.
Zeolite, 238.
Zinc, 186.
„ acetate, 186.
,, benzoate, 186.
„ butyrate, 186.
,, carbonate, 186, 241.
„ chloride, 186.
„ chromate, 186.
lactate, 186.
oxide, 186.
„ „ Hubbuek's, 186.
,, silicate^ 242.
„ sulphate, 187.
,, sulphide, 187.
,, sulphui-et, 187.
,, sulphocarbolate, 187.
,, valerianate, 187.
Zizyphus Jujuba, 23.

„ ortacautha, 23.

I-*

Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London.

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