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ARRANGEMENT'

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BRITISH PLANTS.

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IN FOUR VOLUMES.

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Price il. 1 2s. in Boards.

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voi. iv. — a

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AN

ARRANGEMENT

OF

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BRITISH PLANTS;

According to the latest Improvements of the

LINNiEAN SYSTEM.

To which is prefixed,

AN EASY

INTRODUCTION to the STUDY of BOTANY.

\ , •

ILLUSTRATED BY COPPER PLATES.

By WILLIAM WITHERING, M, D. F.R.S.

• v'

MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AT LISBON;
FELLOW OF THE LINNJEAN SOCIETY ; HONORARY
MEMBER OF THE ROYAL MEDICAL SOCIETY
AT EDINBURGH, &C.

The Third Edition, in Four Volumes,

u Increseunt quotannis Scientire, emendantur quotidie, et ad fas-
tigium suum optatum sensim sensimque, plurium virorum
opera et studio junctis, feliciter properant.” thunberg.

VOL. XIII.

— — m

BIRMINGHAM, PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, BY M. SWINNEYJ
SOLD BY G. G. & J. ROBINSON, P AT E R N O ST E R- R 0 W,

AND B . (g? J. WHITE, F LEET- ST RE ET,

LONDON. 1756.

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XXXI.

CRYPTOGAMIA

( Continued .)

ALGiE.

LI'CHEN. Male; scattered wart-like substances.

Fem. smooth Saucers or Tubercles in
which the Seeds are imbedded. See vol . i. p. 3 7 o .

SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LICHENS#

«»

A. Substance like powder.

B. (1) Crustaceous, granulated; with black lines#

(2) Crustaceous, granulated; with tubercles.

(3) Crustaceous, granulated; with Saucers.

(4) Crustaceous, granulated; with both Tubercles
and Saucers.

C. Crustaceous, tiled, spreading, flat, fixed down to the

substance on which it grows.

D. Somewhat crustaceous, leaf-like, tiled, loose.

E. Somewhat crustaceous ; bearing cups shaped like a jelly-

glafs.

F. Somewhat crustaceous; shrub-like; shooting into

branches resembling a shrub, or branches of coral.

G. Somewhat crustaceous; Thread-like.

H. Leafy, herbaceous.

I. Root single ; in the centre of the plant.

K. Foliage tough, like leather.

L, Gelatinous. Foliage when fresh and moist, like jelly*

Vol. IV.— A

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Lichen. A. Powdery .

ALGiE.

afbus, L, Very while; between powdery and crustaceous.

Ho i ffm . enum . i . 3- Dill, 1 . 2 -F/. dan. 840.4.

Very nearly allied to Lichen corallinus. Huds. Follows the
figure of the plants on which it grows, giving them the appear-
ance of having been white-washed. Dill. Crust thin, white,
brittle, when on mofs; thick, soft, mealy, when on bark. Under
the microscope appears to consist of heaps of spherical globules
sticking together, of a greyish colour, and dusted with a white
powder. When wet, it is often greenish, and when rubbed be-
tween the fingers has an unpleasant smell. Hoffman, enum. 7.

Byfsus lactea . Bot. arr. ed. ii.„ On old decayed mofses and small
branches of heath. Wales and North of England and Scotland.

P. Jan. — Dec.

mcanus. L. Hoary, powdery ; like scattered meal.

Dill. 1 .3- Hoff, man. enum. 1 .6.

It has the appearance of a very small cretaceous Lichen.
Linn. Even through an eye-glafs it appears only as a shape-
lefs powder of a greyish white colour, sometimes intermixed with
green and yellow. Dill. When magnified it appears to consist
of particles of different figures, egg-shaped, oblong, comprefsed,
open at the top, pouring out a reddish powder. From these arise
other larger particles, folded at the margin, sending out numerous
oblong corpuscles, rising up and spreading, turned back at the
edge and throwing out a yellow meal. Ho ffm. enum. 8.

Byfsus incana. Bot. arr. ed, ii. Gravelly soil on the sides of
ditches, near high roads, on decayed mofs and wet trunks of trees
in very shady situations. A. Oct.— June.

" / . . V

> f

cine reus. L. Ash-coloured, powdery ; covering the surface of rocks.

It will grow upon the barest rocks and stones. Hoffman
thinks this differs from the L. antiquitatis, in age only. It is
found on rocks and stones of every kind which have been long
exposed to the air, giving them a greyish colour through the
whole year, but is in itself sq minute as to be hardly distinguishable.

3

GRY P iOGAMIA. ALGAl. Lichen. A. Powdery,

Byfsus saxatihs . Bot. arr. ed. ii. Limestone rocks and stones
in Westmoreland, Cumberland, Yorkshire, and Derbyshire.

P. Jan. — Dec.

♦

L. Black; powdery. antiquita'tis

Hoffm. enum . 3. 5, right hand half-( Dill. 1. 18, citedin Linn. man t.

510, and Gmelin is B. nigra, asisthe B. antiquitatisof Weis.)

Black, resembling irregular dots of ink made with a pen, so-
litary or confluent, very black when wet, greyish black when
dry. When magnified they appear like ill-formed warts, crowd-
ed together. Hoffman.

Byfsus antiquit atis. Bot. arr. ed. ii. Old walls, rocks, and
large stones, common, P. Jan. — Dec.

1 L* Blood-coloured, powdery, growing on stones. Jo'lithus,

Mich. 8 9 .3- FI. dan. 8 g 9 . 1 .

It has a very strong scent of violets, especially after rain.

, Linn. Very red when young, when old, yellowish green.

Byfsus Jolithus . Bot. arr. ed, ii. Rocks and stones of quartz
in moist shady places. P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Yellow, powdery; growing upon wood. fla'vus.

Ho ffm. 1 . y-Dill. 1 . q-Fl. dan. 8 99.2.

Forming a very thin and wide spreading coat on the substances
on which it grows ; yellow or brimstone coloured ; on rocks thicker
and of a lemon colour. The microscope shews it to consist of
roundish or oval globules, single or in clusters, somewhat hairy,

-falling into a very fine deep yellow powder. Its colour sometimes
changes to tawny or greenish. Hoffman. It has been observed
to continue on the same spot, and apparently in the same state
for several years.

Byfsus candelaris . Old pales, bark of trees, and old walls, in all
parts of the world. A. Sept, —June.

L. Green, powdery.

Ho ffm. enum. 1 .2-Dill. 1 .g-Fl.dan. 899.3.

Consists of dark green globules crowded together, the size of
tobacco seed, appearing somewhat gelatinous in the microscope,
ill. Covering the earth, or stones with an intense green colour,

botryoi'des

A 2

\

4 CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^. Lichen. B. (i) Crust with

black lines •

often with a cast of yellow, cracking when dry into irregular po-
lygons. Globules when magnified, semi-pellucid, sprinkled with
a yellowish powder. When old, the whole crust changes to a
rude gelatinous mafs. Hoffman.

Byfsusbotryoides. Bot. arr. ed. ii. Bark of trees, on walls, and
on moist and shady ground. P. Jan. — Dec.

/ V - . * A * x. •

rugo'sus. L. Fructifications unbranched black lines and dots, set

thick together ; crust whitish.

Dill; i 6.2-Hoffm.enum.2.5.

Crust very thin, white, with numerous black spots and lines.

Dill.

Common on the bark of trees, P. Jan. — Dec,

scrip'tus. L. Fructifications black branching lines resembling written

characters: crust whitish.

Mieh.56jLichenoides3-HoffM.emm, $.2, a.c.d-Dill. 18. 1 , and 55*
9, being the ground on ’which a Bryum is depicted.

Crust whitish, very thin, marked with various black lines like
Arabic characters, by which it is readily distinguished. Dill.

On elms and oaks. P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Fructifications large, black, in high relief, of no
regular figure, bearing a rude resemblance to Hebrew characters.

Ho ffm.en um. 3.2./. ( not e. as misprinted.)

Mr. Griffith by his specimens and observations, has satisfied
me, that the above are nothing more than a Sphasria in a young
state, before its proper fructifications are formed.

• » V, J-

B. (2) Crustaceans , with tubercles »

fagin'eus. L. Tubercles white, mealy: crust white.

Hoffm.enum.2, 4 and 7. 5- Mich. 53. 2 and 1-D///.18.11. A. B.

At first powdery, when older granulated. Tubercles nearly
fiat, white, with a thin border. Dill.

On the bark of the beech and hornbeam, Sec. P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Tubercles whitish, wrinkled : crust ash colour.

, Dill. 1 8, n. C. D.

Dillenius thinks these the same as 1 ; C. growing on the smoother
bark of younger trees, and D. as old and growing on walls.

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGiE. Lichen. B. (2) Crustaceous *

ivith Tubercles.

L, J"d g metis » Linn. Huds. L. albescens . Gmcl. syst. veg. and
Huds. On the bark of hornbeam, beech and ash. Huds. — [ And
lime trees. Mr. Hollefear.] P- Jan.-— Dec.

L. Tubercle white* central : crust white. betuli'nus.

Crust nearly f inch diameter, circular, thin, fibrous. Tubercle
solitary, hemispherical, nearly of the size of a hemp seed. Huds.

On the trunk and branches of the birch. A. Sept. — April.

L. Tubercles white, hemispherical : crust white. lac'teus.

Jacq.coll.iii.q-HQ .4.6.

On rocks and stones. Huds. 526, P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles white; crust black.

atro-al'bus

Jacq.coll.il. 1 4.1.

It is difficult to say which colour forms the crust. Linn. Crust
wide spreading, thin, firmly adhering, mealy, rough, black,
thickly set with very small sub-sphseroidal tubercles, of a grey
white colour. Jacq. Crust either blue grey, black or white, or
rather, the proper crust is black, but this is very thin, very closely
adhering, not always present, and then its place is sometimes sup-
plied by the outer grey coat of the tubercles spreading upon the
stone. Tubercles black, but before the crust which envelopes
them breaks open they appear grey.

On rocks. [On flints in the Isle of Wight.] P. Jan.- -Dec.

Var. 2. Tubercles both black and white.

Such is the case with specimens which Mr. Relhan and Mr.
Dickson favoured me with. Linnxus seems, in his different
works, to have described both these under the name atro-albus .
I find no figure of this 2d variety. This grows upon peat earth
as well as upon rocks.

L. Tubercles black, plaited and wrinkled, of different sim'plex.
shapes : crust none.

Linn. Tr. 11.28. 2.

Has no ground or crust, but consists of small tubercles which
in the microscope appear wrinkled, and of various irregular forms.
Not L. simplex of Gmel. syst. veg.

It grows upon a kind of grey slate, which it covers to the ex-
tent ofmany inches together. I have also found k on sand stone,
Rev. Hugh Davies in Linn, tr, ii, 283,

a3

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGi$L Lichen. B. (2) Crustaceoust

with Tubercles.

calca'reus.

immer’sus.

sanguina-

rius.

L. Tubercles black ; crust clear white.

Dill. 1 8.8.

Hard, stony, firmly fixed to the rocks, gritty when chewed,
rather rough, cracked, set with minute white eminencies, white
within, thicknefs of half a straw’s breadth. Tubercles rarely
found, scattered, black, not bordered. Dill, black within, which
distinguishes it from the L. sanguinarius .

On most of the rocks of Glyder mountain, Caernarvonshire.
Dill. On limestone rocks in the north of England and Wales.
Kuds. On the Pentland Hills. Lightf. On old walls. Relh.

Jan.— -Dec.f

L, Tubercles black, immersed as it were in the stone;
crust white.

Ho jfm.lich. 1.12. 2 to %-E.bot.z 93.

Crust a white spot, scarcely distinguishable from a calcareous
stone; in some instances mealy, in others white as milk, often
intersected by black lines ; marked with minute black hollow
dots. T ulercles immersed in the substance, small, black, roundish,
flat ; at length convex, and escaping from the stone leaving a
cavity. Hoffm. Crust sometimes greenish. Weber.

On pieces of chalk. Relh. n. 1026. [On ragstone and lime-
stone long exposed to the weather.] P. Jan. — Dec,

L. Tubercles black, not bordered; bright red within:
crust white, polished. E . bot .

Ho ffm .i-E.bot.i 5 g-Ho jfm, enum. 5 . 4 and 5.

Wiegel obs. 2. 13, has been quoted as this plant, but he
describes the tubercles as filled with a black powder ; and the
crust being of a grey green. Hoffm. enum. 5, 4 and 5, called
L. sanguinarius , has black lines upon the crust, though the tuber-
cles seem nearly the same, being filled with a rust-coloured pow-
der. Dill. 18. 3, quoted by Linn, has also black lines upon the
crust, which is described as grey green ; the contents of the tu-
bercles are not mentioned, but had they been bright red within,

such a circumstance would hardly have escaped him. The L.

*

f This species is so peculiar to limestone rocks, that wherever that stone
Occurs among others, it may be distinguished at the first view by this plant
growing upon it. When dried, powdered, and steeped in urine, it is used
to dye scarlet, by the Welch and the inhabitants of the Orkneys. The co-
lour is said to be very fine.

CRYPTOGAMIA. AL GJE. Lichen. B. (2) Crustaaotis,

with Tubercles,

7

sanguinarius, in Jacq. coll. iii. 5. 3, l , seems to be the same as
Wiegel’s plant.

The above enquiry was excited by the just remarks of Dr.

Smith in E. bot. p. 1 55, whose description, aided by an excellent
figure, must for ever remove all further uncertainty respecting
this hitherto, dubious species.

On trees, and on granite rocks at Cromford Moor, near Mat-
lock. Dr. J. E. Smith,

L. Tubercles black: crust whitish, granulated. granifor'mis,

Haven. 1.2.

Crust stony, composed of minute granules, agglutinated in lines
like the fibres of wood. Tubercles black, rather larger than the
particles forming the crust. Hagen.

On pales, and old willows. Dicks. 10.

L. Tubercles black, sitting or on pedicles : crust white, ocula'tus,
rough with fungous papillce. Dicks.

Dicks.6. 3.

#7. •

Crust elevated into short papilla set very close together, both
simple and branched. Tubercles growing on the crust as well as
terminating the papillae and branches, sometimes flat and deprefsed,
sometimes convex. Dicks.

Rocks and stones, Scotland.

n •

L. Tubercles black : in clusters : crust hoary, mealy, musco'rum,

- } ‘

Jacy.c0ll.iv.7A - Relh . at p. 42 ±-Fl.dan. 1 003 . 1 .

Crust mealy, friable, grey or greenish. Tubercles sometimes
fiattish when dry, otherwise convex, shining, black, numerous,
large, turban-shaped when old. Weber.

On Mofses. [On heaths. Mr. Woodward. Gogmagog
Hills. Relhan.] P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles black, globular : crust grey white. pilula'ris.

Linn. Tr. ii.28.1.

Some of the vounger fructifications are saucer-like, with ele-
vated borders of the same colour; these are but few, and seem
soon to lose that form.

Found in Bowdowen Park, Anglesea, by the Rev. Hugh
Davies. Linn. Tr. ii. p. 283.

8

i

CRYPTOGAMIA. AL GM, Lichen. B. (2) Crustaceoust

with Tubercles.

gelasina'tus. L. Tubercles black, globular, shining, dimpled: crust

white, puckered and raised into nearly hemispherical
portions.

PLATE XXXI. f. 1.

Tubercles hollow and black within, placed on the protube-
rances, as well as in the interstices of the crust. Crust white,
tender, hollow and white under the protuberances.

Hoffman’s figure, in his Plant, lichen. T. 21. fig. 1 . f. nearly
resembles it, but the tubercles are lefs distinctly formed, and the
crust yellowish.

First found by J. Wynne Griffith, Esq. On oak trees in
Garn Dingle, near Denbigh.

eineras'cens. L, Tubercles black, with white borders : crust grey white.

Hoffm.enum. 4.3.

Crust rough, stony, varying much in thicknefs, grey white.
Tubercles convex, black, sitting, a little raised at the edge, sur-
rounded by a white border, rather raised and scolloped when old,
Jacq. Outer border of the crust black. Linn. L. cinereus .
Linn. Huds. Bot. arr. ed. ii. Mr. Griffith thinks that this, the
rupicola, and the compositus, insensibly run into each other,
forming in reality but one species, which he calls L. 'varians.

Rocks ; large stones. P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Tubercles larger, more elevated, white within, bor-
der white, scolloped : crust white.

Jacy.coll.ii. 1 4*5.b.

Specimens from Mr. Griffith, agreeing well with the figure of
Jacquin, but without the leaf-like appearance represented at the
edge of it.

On fine grained granite.

conffiuenSa L. Tubercles very black, distinct when young, confluent

when old : crust blue grey, pale brown or white.

Web. 2 -Ho ffm.lich. 1 g . 1 .

Crust grey, a line or more in thicknefs, wide spreading, crack-
ed, white when broken. Tubercles very black, coalescing, so as
often to cover the whole of the crust. Hoffman. Tubercles
cracked on the surface, sunk in the crust ; rather hollowed than
raised, obscurely bordered with a smooth black edge. Crust grey
throughout, sometimes growing on a thin-spread black ground.

- • - * ^ • f a

Var. 2. Surface reticulated.

Mich.fj^.Qrd.stf.y*

i

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Lichen. B. (2) Crustaceans,

with Tubercles.

9

Rocks, England. Dicks, g. — Scotland. Dr. J. E. Smith.

[Garreg wen, on limestone rocks ; not common. Mr. Griffith.]

Var. 3. Tubercles globular; crust grey white.

Lich. pilularis, (which see.)

Var. 4. Crust rough, brown, much cracked; tubercles flat
topped.

Onstonesupon Bettvfs mountain, Denbighsh. Mr. Griffith.]

Var 5. Fructifications saucer-like, changing to large black
tubercles; crust brown, granulated; granulations large, resem-
bling: tubercles.

Specimen from Mr. Griffith; growing on Schistus. The
crust has a pale brown outer coat, which within has a greenish
cast, covering a white matter which forms the principal substance
of the crust. It is granulated and cracked on the surface ; the
granulations large, somewhat elevated, and not unlike tubercles.

The fructifications are at first like saucers with a brown border;
this soon disappears, and they rise up in the form of large black
nearly globular tubercles.

This curious specimen seems to shew that the Lichens confluent
and pilularis are the same plant under somewhat different circum-
stances of growth. Mr. Griffith also suggests, that our 4th var.
may be the L. pinnatus of Dickson, which I think probable, and
is, as he observes, the plant in its oldest and most weather-beaten
State.

Var. 6. Crust brown, changing to black.

In this instance the black colour of the fructifications seems
to extend itself over the otherwise brown crust. Tubercles gently
convex, border brown black. They are white within, and the
crust greenish underneath, as in the 5th variety.

Found by Mr. Griffith on stones and walls near Bettws
mountain, and near Garthewyn, Denbighshire.

L, Tubercles very black, crowded : crust whitish with a canes'cens.
glaucous tinge, spreading, rather leaf-like at the edge.

Dicks.2. 5-DiU. 1 8.1 7. A.

Crust circular, 1 to 2 inches diameter, prefsed to, hoary,
wrinkled, lobed, resembling small leaves cohering together,
sprinkled in the centre with mealy globules. Saucers small, nu-
merous in the centre, the margin blunt, of the colour of the disk.

Being rarely found with saucers , it has been supposed to belong
to the L. pallescens. Dickson. Has nothing in common with
L. pallescens. Mr. Woodward. Crust adhering very closely
to the bark of trees, and the sides of walls, in circularpatche

JO CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGzE. Lichen. B. (2) Crustaceous,

with Tubercles.

from -§ to 3 inches over, ash-coloured, wrinkled, lefs wrinkled in
the centre, rather leafy at the edge. Dill.

L. incanus. Relh. n. 846. L. canescens , and L. canus of Gmelin
Syst. veg. Under one name described as producing tubercles,
under the other as bearing saucers. Mr. Dickson speaks of
saucers, Mr. Relhan of tubercles. My specimens are tubercied.
it may prove one of those Lichens which occasionally bears the
one or the other.

Walls and trunks of trees. [Very common on old trees, but
rarely in fructification. Mr. Woodward. About Garn, but
chiefiy on hawthorn. Mr. Griffith.]

L. Tubercles blackish; crust bluish.

Dicks. h. s.—HojfmJich. 32. 3-F/. dan. 1064.1. ( not Dill. 82. 2, as in
Light f.)

Crust fixed to the earth, or to decayed mofses, composed of
whitish ash-coloured granulations. Tubercles very irregular in
shape, ash-coloured when young and small, blackish when old.

Patellaria vesicularis. Hoffim. L. Candidas. Weber, and FI. dan.
On the Highland rocks, but not common. Lightf. 805. [Nor-
folk and Suffolk. Mr. Woodw.] P. Jan. — Dec.

ni'ger. L. Tubercles black; roundish: crust black.

Hojfm.enum. 3.6, but the tubercles represented as if white.

Crust granulated, hard, dry, very widely spreading. Tubercles
• convex, of the size of mustard seed. Huds. Imits young state
the crust is thin and smooth. When more advanced the crust
cracks, and the fructifications begin to appear, but at first not
raised above the crust, and not easily to be distinguished from it.
When older still the crust is very much cracked, the portions
raised up, convex, granulated; the tubercles very numerous,
raised above the crust, convex, smooth. The specimens which
gave rise to these remarks were communicated by Mr. Griffiths,
also another specimen which had grown in the shade, wherein the
crust is thin and even, not black but blackish brown ; the tuber-
cles black with a smooth polished surface.

Mr. Griffith has discovered a further change in this Lichen,
as curious as it must be unexpected, and which is sufficient to
shew that many discoveries yet await our enquiries in this singu-
lar tribe of plants. I shall transcribe his own words, — “ In the
more advanced state of L. niger, small glaucous leaves ifsue from
the dark ground, which in time form the imbricated L. plumbeus.
The dark ground (which is now of a spongy texture,) becomes
elevated, and forms that cork-like substance which is attached to
the L. plumbeus.”

cceruleo-ni'-

gricans.

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGyE. Lichen, B, (2) Crustpceous, *>

with Tubercles.

Rocks and large stones about St. Ives, Cornwall, plentifully.

[Rocks about Kirby Lonsdale, Westmoreland. Dr. J. E. Smith.

About Gam, abundantly. Mr. Griffith ; on Limestone.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles black: crust brown. fusco-a'ter.

‘Jacq.collXi.i^.'i,, as on rocks; 4 as on trees .

Crust rough, mealy, thin, hardish, closely adhering, dirty ob-
scure grey. ‘Tubercles lentil-shaped, convex, black, not bordered
with a different colour. Jacq. Tubercles rough, black throughout.

On rocks and stones. On trees at Enville, Staffordshire.

P. Jan. — Dec. Relhan. July.

Var. 2. Tubercles black : crust none. Scop. p. 364. Weber p.
igi. Hagen, p. 49.

On soaking it in water some very line branny flakes separated
from the indurated clay on which it grew.

[On a mud wall. Specimen from Major Velley. — On rocks
in the north. Dr. Alexander.]

L. T ubercles black, with an indistinct black border ; partly Oede’ri.
imbedded in the crust : crust rusty red, rough, cracked.

HoffinJich. 19.2.

1

Crust half a line thick, cracking into small partitions when
dry, colour of rusty iron. Tubercles numerous, sometimes crowded,
blue-black, encompafsed with a narrow margin, shining when
wet, flat, but convex and perforated at the top when old. Hoffm.

Rocks and stones in Scotland.

Jb. Tubercles black, partly sunk in the crust: crust yel- quer'neus.
lowish, with a tinge of brown.

Dicks. 2.3.

)

Crust growing irregularly to the bark of trees, composed of
granules of a pale yellow. Tubercles convex, unequal, which
from the risings of the crust sometimes seem as if immersed.

Very much resembling a Byfsus , but its fructification proves it to
be a Lichen. Dicks. Crust followingthe sinuosities of the bark,
without any defined margin, composed of microscopic granules of
a dirty cream colour. Tubercles rather rare, minute, seldom so
large as the smallest pin’s head ; blackish, irregularly dispersed.

Mr. Wo QDWAP.Do

14 CRYPTOGAMIA. AL GJE. Lichen. B. (2) Crustaceous ,

with Tubercles*

On the trunks of oaks. [Frequently in patches of consider-
able extent, seldom more than 3 or 4 feet from the ground. Mr.
Woodward. Garn Dingle. Mr. Griffith.] P. Jan — Dec.

geogra'phicus L. Tubercles black : crust yellowish, with black lines and

dots resembling a map.

E . lot, 2 4 5-/70 ffm . e nu m . 3 . 1 - Dill, 1 3 . 5-/? . dan .472.3.

Crust orange-coloured, brittle, marked with black. Tubercles
or prominent lines of the same colour. Grows on granite and
other compound stones, and is one of the few British vegetables
that can bear the keen air of Skiddow’s top. Mr. Gough. Crust
very thin, irregular in shape, yellow, hardly separable from the
stones on which it grows, marked with distinct, rising, black lines
dividing into compartments. Tubercles black, small, but varying
in size, not bordered. Dill.

Rocks in the North of England; Steiperstone, and Fentir in
Scotland. In the North of England in vast patches sometimes
spreading on a smooth rock 3 or 4 feet square. Mr, Woodw.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

sulphu'reus. L. Tubercles brown black, very small, irregular: crust

brimstone colour, cracked, uneven.

Hoffm. enum. 4. 1 ; and lich, 1 1 . 3.

Crust like tartar, unequal, thickish, raised, cracked and tes-
sellated, pale sulphur colour, white at the edge when broken.
Tubercles at first numerous cloudy spots, at length rising out of
the crust, not readily distinguishable from it but by the blackish
or dirty reddish colour. Hoffman. Crust and tubercles soft and
almost gelatinous.

Rocks in Scotland. [Covers the walls and tiles of Catlidge
house, near Newmarket. Relhan.]

fhvo-vires'- L. Tubercles black, rough: crust green yellow, mealy*
cens. Dicks, iii.

- - - Dicks.S. g.

Crust scarcely cohering, composed of farinaceous globules, of
a fine yellow with a greenish cast. Tubercles few, thinly scatter-
ed, of a middling size, Dicks, fasc. iii. 13. Not L. Jlavo-vires-
cens of Gmel. syst. veg.

On sandy soil.

Var. 2. Tubercles black, very minute : crust fine yellow green,
granulated.

2

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGTh Lichen. B. (2) Crustaceous , 13

'V 1

with Tubercles.

Specimens from the top of Garnedd Llewelin by Mr. Griffith.

The tubercles are smaller than in Mr. Dickson’s plant, the granu-
lations of the crust much larger, but equally soft and farinaceous.

The colour of the crust varies from green to yellow green.

L. Tubercles black : crust fine green : border black. atro-vi'rens*.

Ho ffm Jich. 1 7. 4 -Jacq.coll. i i . 1 4 . 2 .

4 Tubercles small, of a yellow-greenish colour, crowded, so that
the whole surface appears of a yellowish green, bordered by a
black margin. Linn. Crust hardly discernible on a slight in-
spection, inseparable, blackish, set with innumerable minute yel-
lowish dots. When magnified a blackish wart is found attached
to each of the yellow particles, and other warts scattered on the
crust. The smallnefs of the granulations and the absence of
distinct lines distinguishes it from the L. gcographicus. Hoffman.

Crust very thin, truly mealy, black. Tubercles sitting, lentil-
shaped, very small, yellowish watery green, smooth, without any
rising or different coloured border. Jacq. coll. ii. 186.

On rocks, Yorkshire. P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles brown, border whitish: crust white. rupi'cola.

Hojfm. enum&.Q-Ho ffm Ji ch.22.1 to 4.

Crust very thin. Tubercles sometimes somewhat convex, green-
ish, giving to the plant a different appearance. Linn. Crust , if
any, very thin, white or greyish. Tubercles numerous, some with
a thick border and a small cavity in the middle, others nearly flat,
irregular and angular, from their comprefsing one another; livid
in the centre, others again raised, surrounded spirally twice or
thrice with a white or grey border, and hardly any central part.

Ho ffman. Tubercles the same pale brown colour within and
without. Crust not remarkably thin ; thicker than the shell of
an egg; much cracked.. In a more advanced state approaching
to decay, the tubercles become darker on the surface, the crust
loosens, swells into large granulations and sometimes changes to
green. Our plant does not well accord with the descriptions of
Linnseus nor of Hoffman.

On limetsone rocks. [About Garthmeilio, abundantly. Mr.

Griffith; on Whinstone.j

L. Tubercles black brown, imbedded; nearly flat, com- compos'itus.
pound, very irregular in shape; not bordered: crust
white, tefsellated.

PLATE XXXI. f. 2.

Tubercles white within ; flatted at the top, not bordered other-
wise than by the cracking of the crust; from 3 to 10 or more,

1 t

I

14 CRYPT OGAM I A . ALG^E. Lichen. B. (2) Crustaccous ,

with Tubercles.

often crowded together so as to form 1 large irregular mafs. Crust
near i-ioth of an inch in thicknefs.

[Specimen from Mr. Griffith of Gam. On granite.]

fungifor'mis. L, Tubercles brown, flat, on pedicles : crust grey green*

Dill. 14.4.

Crust very thin, wrinkled. Dill.

On rocks near Bishop’s Castle, Shropsh. Littl. Brown.

■

ru'fus. L. Tubercles brown, flattish; mostly on fruit-stalks : crust
greenish.

Jacq. coll, i v. 7 . 4— fflenum.S. 4 -Dill. 14.3.

No proper crust for its base, but numerous, small, whitish
leafits, from whence arise grey green pedicles, supporting largish
pale brown tubercles. Dill.

Heaths and ditch banks. Hampstead Heath. Dill.

A. Oct. — March.

ericeto'rum. L. Tubercles flesh-coloured, convex, on pedicles : crust

whitish.

1

Fl.dan. 1 oo^.i-Hojfm.enum.Q.s-Dill. 1 4. 1-Mich.5q.0rd.s5.

‘Tubercles convex, on foot-stalks, resembling minute Agarics.
Linn. Sitting, and on foot-stalks. Huds. Crust granulated,
rough, spread wide, grey green in moist, white in dry situations
and seasons. Dill.

Turfy heaths, sides of peat bogs, gravel pits and on banks.

P. Jan. — Dec.

4

ca'Ivus. L. Tubercles tawny red; scattered, smooth, shining:
crust whitish, with fine black perforations.

Dicks.Q. 4.

Crust thinnish, extended, smoothish, dotted with numerous
fine pores of different sizes. Tubercles conspicuous, rather loosely
scattered, of the size of mustard seeds. Dicks.

Rocks in mountainous parts of Scotland.

verna'lis. L. Tubercles rust-coloured, roundish: crust grey white.

Hoffm. lich. 35. 1; andenum . 5. 1 -Dill. 18.4, and the central part
of 55- 8*

Ground ash-coloured- white. Tubercles nearly globular, jelly-
like, crowded, sitting, without a cup-like brim, Linn, Crust

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Lichen. B. (2) Crust aceous , 15

Tubercles.

very thin, grey white. Tubercles of various sizes, not bordered.

Dill.

L. ferrugincus. Huds. L. ferruginosus . Gmelin. Bark of
trees, old pales, and sometimes walls and rocks. P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 1. Tubercles more numerous, of a browner colour and
softer consistence. Lightf. Tubercles often clustered together,
several smaller ones forming a larger one. Mr. Woodward sup-
poses this distinct.

On Stones. Mr. Griffith.

L. Tubercles flesh-coloured, sitting, flat, angular: crust icmado'phila,
greyish.

Ho pu.enum.8 . 1 -FI. dan. 472.4.

Crust thinner, more compact, with smaller granulations. Tu-
bercles perfectly sitting and in some measure immersed in the crust.

Mr. W OODWARD.

L . e/veloides. Weber 186. Mr. Woodward.

L. Tubercles flesh coloured, globular : crust greenish ash- sphaeroi'des.
coloured.

Dicks. 2. 2.

Crust between mealy and wrinkled, greenish with a tinge of
sea green. Tubercles small, spheroidal, dirty yellow or brown,
heaped up into little clusters. Dicks.

Heaths and woods. [Garn Dingle. Mr. Griffith.] June.

L. Tubercles orange red : crust greenish ash colour. flavo-rubes'-

Fl.dan. 955.1. * cens.

L. auraniiacus . Lightf. 8io. Trunks of trees, rocks and
stones. P. Jan.— Dec.

f 1 ‘

L. Tubercles grey green, smooth, set chequer-wise, and pertu'sus.
pierced with 1 or 2 cylindrical holes : crust pale
brown.

Dill.i8.g-Jacy.ccll.n.i3.2-Fl.dan.j66-Bolt.i26-Hojfm.enum.3.

3~Wieg.2.\ 5-M1ch.52.0rd.32, and 56.1 .2, Lichenoides : in its
earliest stage. -Hag. 1 .3.

. G? ound leprous, white, thm, but where it produces fructifica-
tions thick, cloven into angular warts. Linn. Crust thin. Tu-
bei cles innumerable, unequal, wrinkled, but smooth to the touch,’
grey green, hollow within, opening at the top with one or more
1

*6 CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Lichen. B. (2) Crustaceous,

with Tubercles.

apertures, corresponding with the number of cavities in the sub*
stance. Dill.

L, verrucosus. Huds. ed. i* 445. Bark of trees, rocks, and
walls. P. Jan. — Dec.

Vento'sus. L. Tubercles reel : crust yellow.

*

"Dicks. h.s. -Weber. 1 -Hoffm. lich. ii . 2 7. r .

Tubercles large and irregularly .shaped, at first very convex ;
through age flatter, and with a whitish margin from being sur-
rounded by the crust, at length putting on the appearance of mar-
gined targets. The line between tuber cled and saucer-like Lichens
remains yet to be drawn; or rather it is more probable that future
observations will entirely remove the artificial one at present
formed. Mr. Woodward. Tubercles bordered by the crust,
varying in'colour from liver colour to pale pink. Crust granu-
lated, generally cracked, deeper or paler yellow, changing to grey
or brown white.

L. gelidus. Huds. 528. Dr. J. E. Smith. On rocks. Pentir
rocks in Wales. Dill. And in the North of England, York-
shire, and both the Lowlands and Highlands. [Above Bownefs
on the banks of Winandermere, and on Casterton.Fell near
Kirkby Lonsdale. Dr. J. E. Smith. Upon rocks on the sides
and tops of hills in Dartmoor, Devonshire. Mr. Newberry.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

coccin'eu?. L. Tubercles very red, sunk in the crust : crust greenish

brimstone. colour ; mealy.

Dicks. h.s.-E.bot. 2 2 3 -Dicks. 2. 1 .

Differs from L. ventosus in the crust being mealy, not warty,
hard and smooth, and in the tubercles being immersed; ofavery
bright red with mealy edges. Dicks.

On the stones of Stone Henge, Wiltshire.

B. (3) Crustaceous , with Saucers#

coral'linus* L. Saucers white, very minute: crust forming cylindrical

level-topped bundles ; the extreme edge rather leaf-
like.

Ho ffm.etium.q,. 2-Jacq.coll.il. 13.2.

Similar to L. calcareus . Crust very thick, and when broken
appearing composed of threads resembling coral ; the ends round-
ed, without tubercles. Linn. Crust thick, white, broad spread-

/ j

1

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGjE. Lichen. B. (3) Crustaceans, 17

with Saucers.

ino- on the rocks, appearing as if composed of small brandies,
and when broken the branches appear distinctly, their tops form-
ing the surface of the crust. Tubercles only on the old specimens,
hardly visible to the naked eye, a little hollowed. Besides these
tubercles there are minute convex black dotson the crust. Weber.

Crust a line in thicknefs, snow white, greyish with age, bearing
on its surface little pillars like coru.ii e, -§• a line high, convex at

the ends. Jacq. coll. ii. 180. i

Rocks, stony places, and mountainous heaths in W ales, tne

north of England, and in Scotland. P. Jan. Dec.

L. Saucers white, mealy, with yellowish white, thick, blunt Parel'lus.
borders : crust yellow white.

Dicks. h. s.-Ho gin. enurn. 6. 2-Dill. 1 8 . i o -Iioffm. lich.l 1 2.5-Pet.
musc.f.jg.

Crust thick, warty, white in its fracture, reddish when wet
and rubbed to powder. Saucers numerous, whiter than the waits,
globular but deprefsed in the centre, larger and flatter with age.

Hoffman. Crust wrinkled, granulated, stony to appeaiance,
not gritty when chewed, but rather tough ; yellowish when cut.

Saucers like crab’s eyes, whitish. Dill.

Rocks, walls, stones, trunks of trees. [Malvern Hills, Wor-
cestershire. St. On the smooth bark of a beech in Heitfoid-
shire. Mr. Woodward. Saltash Ferry near Plymouth, on slate,
in great quantity.] F. Jan* Fkc.'j*

' » ( »

L. Saucers grey ; border whitish, broad, scolloped : crust crenulatus.
black, rough.

Dicks, g.i .

Crust thin, wrinkled, black : Saucers numerous, scattered,
small ; border very broad.

On rocks in Yorkshire. Dicks, hi. 14.

L. Saucers brown black, with a white border ; rather con- can dicans,
vex : crust white, shining, somewhat lobed.

Dicks, g. 5.

f Litmus is prepared from this species. For this purpose it is gathered
form the rocks in the north of England, and sent to London in casks.

Vol. IV,— B

CRYP TOGAMIA. AL GAL. Lichen. B. (3) Crustacean,

with Sauceks.

Crust roundish, closely fixed down, even, white, rather shin-
ing, the edge lobed and somewhat leaf-like. Saucers numerous,
near together, brown black, convex when fully grown.

On rocks in Yorkshire. Dicks, iii. 15.

vaflians. L. Saucers black, shining, border white : crust white.

Z/«»./r.ii.28.3.

When in perfection the crust is of a fine polished white, and
the fructification a bright shining black, with a white margin.
In time it loses the glolsy black, then becomes paler, and in de-
cay afsumes an ochrous buff colour.

Found on the S. W. side of Anglesea by the Rev. Hugh
Davies.

# - *' - * -1 ' * '

a'ter. L. Saucers black, border white, scolloped : crust whitish,
wrinkled.

Dill . 18.15. A; and 55.8, the parts next the fore edge of the stone
on which the Bryum grows. -Huff m. enwn. 4. 4.

Saucers sometimes very entire. Huds. Crust , when on trees,
thin, ash-coloured, hardly separable from the bark ; on stones,
whiter, thicker, more wrinkled and more stony. Shields black,
at first small, without a border, as they grow larger, are nearly
fiat, and have a thin white border. Dill.

L. melanostictos. Gmel. syst. veg. Common on walls, rocks,

and barks of trees. P. Jan. — Dec.

\ *

Var. 2. Crust thicker and whiter : saucers, borders wrinkled
and bent in. Lightf.

On walls.

L. Saucers black, crowded ; border white : crust asli-co-
loured, somewhat tiled at the edge.

Relh.atp./^ 27.

Crust circular, thick, somewhat tiled at the edge, 1 to 4 inches
in diameter. Saucers very numerous. Relh. Has a tendency-
like the centrifugus to lose its central part, which falling off with
the old saucers, leaves only the somewhat tiled leaves. Woodw.
Stones and walls. P. Jan. — Dec.

v

concen'tricus. L, Saucers black, confluent, placed in concentric circles,

imbedded in the crust : crust greyish white.

E.bot.2y6-Jacg.coll.iu.6.2.a.a.a.

Saucers generally with a white border, somewhat raised above

th.c crust.

sub-imbri-

ca'tus.

f

CR VPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Lichen. B. (3) Crust actum

with Saucers.

Found by the Rev. Hugh Davies on Whinstone rocks in the
parish of Whitford, Flintshire. See E. hot. and Trans. Linn,
soc. ii. p. 284. [On a wall between Bethws mountain and Gar-
thewin, the seat of Robert Wynne, Esq. Denbighshire. Mr.

Griffith; on Schistus.j

, \

L. Saucers black, very numerous, small, roundish : crust
grey, cracked.

FI. dan. 468.2.

On rocks in Scotland. Dicks, iii. 15.

L. Saucers black, sunk in the crust ; scolloped at the edge :
crust ash-coloured, granulated.

HojpnJ;ch.n.2-E.bot.266-Jacq.colM.i3.3-Ha!!tenumt2.6fatp.
gi. hist. 47.6, at iii.p. 88-D///. 18. 1 5. B.-Hoffm. 6. 1 -Mich.
32.0nZ.33.

Crust when moist greenish-ash-coloured, when dry greyish.
Mr. Woodw. Crusty, thick, cracked, warty, grey; whitish
when thinner, brittle when dry. Saucers sunk in the crust, hoi-
* lowT, lead coloured. Hoffm.

L. pertusus. Jacq. coll, on the authority of Dr. Smith. L. ex-
cavatus. Relh. p. 420. Walls and dry heaths, Gogmagog Hill,
Newmarket Heath. [On walls, frequent, Norfolk and Suffolk.
Mr. Wooww ard.] P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Crust widely expanded, thicker. Relh.

On walls.

t

• »,v l »

L. Saucers brown black : crust black and white variegat-
ed. Dicks.

Dicks.8. 10.

Crust composed of 2 layers, the under one wrinkled, black,
spreading widest ; the upper white, even, occupying the central
part, cracked into irregular pieces. Saucers numerous, on the
pieces of white crust ; very pale brown and flat when young and
bordered with white ; when older darker coloured and swollen
into tubercles ; when old black and rather confluent. Dicks, iii. 13.
Rocks in Scotland, and in Yorkshire.

V "

L, Saucers black, much crowded, flat, border grey : crust
black*

B 2

J9

0

puncta'tus.

scrupo sus*

frustulo'sitSi

atro-cine'reus

Dicks, g.2.

20 CRY PTOGAMIA. ALGA£. Lichen. B. (3) Crustaceous ,

with Saucers.

«

Crust rather thick, black. Saucers elevated, in clusters, when
young encompafsed by a remarkable grey border, when old, re-
sembling tubercles, and without a border.

On stones. Dicks, iii. 14.

gibbo'sus. L. Saucers black, bordered by the crust and sunk into it :

crust warty, brown.

• 1 1

Dicks.6.5.

Crust thickish, unequal, hunched, with warts. Saucers shin-
ing, as if clammy, the border thick, and in reality nothing more
than a projection of the crust. Dicks.

On alpine rocks. On the summit of Ben Lawers.

t < • * • :

Dickso'ni. L. Saucers blue-black, raised, bluntly bordered : crust

rusty ochre colour.

Dicks. 6.6.

Crust equal, between wrinkled and tubercled, cracked. Saucers
small, numerous, scattered, black, covered with a sea green
bluish bloom, the bottom deprefsed, the margin convex and thick.
Dicks.

L. c£sias . Dicks, fasc. ii. and Bot. arr. ed. ii. On slate rocks
in the mountains of Scotland.

pruina'tus. L. Saucers blue-black, rather convex, of various shapes :

crust rust-coloured, very thin.

Dicks. 9.4.

Crust red rust-colour, extremely thin. Saucers generally scat-
tered, sometimes in clusters, rather large, flat, or a little convex,
somewhat cracked, very black within but as if covered with a
blue glaucous moisture ; border of the same colour, or blackish.

Stones on the Scotch mountains. Dicks, iii. 15.

cor?neus. L. Saucers brown, pale, semi-transparent ; border the same 1

crust white, farinaceous.

•»

PLATE XXXI. f. 3. '

Saucers small, scattered, in look and texture like brown horn.
Differs from the L. sub-fuscus and from L. pallidas in having a
smooth and even border of the same colour and texture as the
saucers.

Found by Mr. Griffith upon oaks in the dingle at Garn near
Denbigh.

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Lichen. B. (3) Crustaceans,

with Saucers.

L. Saucers brown, rough, flat, elevated ; the border waved ,

white : crust whitish, hoary. pal'hdus.

Dtcks.h.s.-Hojfm.enum .5 . 2—Hoffm.lich. 1 7.2.

Crust unequal 111 tlncknefs; very white, greyish with 'ive
Saucers when young, whitish grains, with a very small aoertu£ -
when open, pale flesh or reddish colour. Hoffman ^ '

On the clefts of the bark of trees, and on dry wood.

I ’■ * N

L. Saucers tawny brown, with ash coloured borders some c.i r ,
what scolloped : crust whitish. Linn, ’ sub-fuscus

mL l8-'6-A-A- >“ ‘wo compartments of fig. 3 and 4 of the upper
rozv.-Hoffm. enum. 5. 3 , the compartments numbered 0.0 00-
-Eh//. 1 8. 1 6. B, the borders scolloped. ° °

On the bark of trees, and walls. Pt jan __p)cc

L. Saucers reddish brown, sunk in the crust : crust pale Iacus'tris
yellow brown, thin, wide-spreading, much cracked.

. PLATE XXXI. f. 4.

This non-descript Lichen was sent to me by J. Wynne Grif
.f/ft °f, a™ near Denbigh, who first found it on the shore

vered wkl^water' In fhe'whfterl St°neS °f

L* Swhhe.Pa'e br°Wn’ V6ry 1MCh crowded : «ust brown palles'cens.

Hojm.enum. '0-2.i-Jacq.coll.m.5.f.5.a.a.

Can scarcely be said to have any crust, being- usmJIv

a”onversurfacne§e/he ?f 80 c™wded « .0 font

ou^r. MrWooowLm °neS P‘efsed W* by the

Rocks, walls, and trunks of trees. p. Jan._Dec

L. Saucers yellow brown, border glaucous, serrated • mist •

glaucous, fugacious. , rated . crust peztzoi'des,

Dicks.2.^~Ho 1 ffm. enum. 7.6.

Crust sea-green, blackish when old, not always to be found

£K,rs frT,w"-- *«* aw i & si

Sandy banks,

b 3

I

*

22 CRYPTOGAIvIlA. ALGiE. Lichen B, (3) Crustaceous ,

with Saucers.

Hypno'rum. L. Saucers red brown, scolloped : crust greenish, composed

of roundish scales.

Fl.dan . 956-//0 ffm.lieh. 30. 3 .

Barren heaths, on mofs, and on the ground. Dicks, iii. 14.

1 '! ■ • “ . ■ ' $

frigid us* L. Saucers tile-coloured, flat, border white: crust white,

shrub-like ; branches very short, crowded.

Linn. jil, muse, 2.4.

The crust forms upon bits of grafs.mofs, &c. whence it gams

something of a shrub-like appearance.

On the tops of Highland mountains.

cupula'ris. L. Saucers pale brick colour nearly flat ; horde,

. r brown: crust pale greenish brown, with bl|CK aou.

' " Htd'W.stirp. ii.20. B.

' ' On trees. On slate rocks in Scotland.

crenula'tus L. Saucers red rust-coloured, border the same, very finely

scolloped: crust grey.

PLATE XXXI. f. 5.

Saucers varying in size and in shape; the border, especially

in the larger ones, finely plaited. Crust roughis r , .

On rocks and trees/ [Rocks near Llanufydd, Denbighshire
Mr. Griffith. On flints on the highest parts of the Isle ot

Wight.]

t , '

exanthema'- L. Saucers flesh-coloured, very minute, sunk in the white

ticus< dots of the crust: crust ash-coloured, sprinkled with

white dots.

Linn.tr. 1.4.1*

Crust very thin, scarcely palpable ; grey, sprinkled with white
dots consisting of small cavities closed by a white wrimded sub-
stance, which opening in the centre discover the saucer. These
dots separate when old, and leave a cavity m the stone. Dr. South,
Linn. tr. i. p. 81.

On calcareous rocks in Scotland. Dickson, hi. 14*

/

marmoheus. L. Saucers flesh-coloured within, conca\e. bolder whitish

and hairy : crust pale greyish brown.

/

CryptOGAMIA. ALG/E. Lichen. B. (3 ) Crustaceous, 23

with Saucers.

Hojfm.enum. 6.4.

On the bark of trees, and on the bare ground covered with
decayed mofs, in Yorkshire, Derbyshire, and Scotland.

L. Saucers orange-coloured, border pale brown : crust dull tricolor,
green,

' PLATE XXXI. f. 6. •

Saucers very minute, deeply hollowed, like the cup of a Peziza.

On half decayed oak bark, Mr. Griffith, who first disco-
vered it, and favoured me with specimens. He has lately met
with it on calcareous sand stone, the saucers considerably raised
above the crust. Garreg-wen rocks, near Garri. Also on the
bark of birch trees, and then the saucers are whiter.

When it grows old the saucers turn black, and their opposite
edges turn inwards, so that the whole afsumes an oblong figure
wi th a groove extending its whole length. In this state it is the
Sphieria sulcata of Bolton, the Lichen pulicaris of Hoffman, the
Lichen script us (3. puhcaris of Lightfoot, and is figured in

Bolt, i2±~Mich.5±.ord.%r].2-Hojfm.e?ium.Q).2.e.

About the size of a flea, with a deep furrow extending from
end to end. Bolt.

On decayed branches of ash trees. Bolt. In Norfolk and
Suffolk. Mr. W oodward ; but we are indebted to the accurate
researches of Mr. Griffith, for the discovery of its curious trans-
formation. This singular plant pofsefses the crust of a Lichen,
the cup of a Peziza, and the capsule of a Sphxria.

L. Saucers yellow, with a white border : crust whitish. tarta'reus.

* \ ,

E.bot.i 56-Dill. i8.i$-Jacg.col/.iv.8.2,

Substance tough, not gritty; acrid. Crust thickish, wide
spreading, greatly wrinkled, reticulated underneath, growing on
other decayed mofses. Saucers large, deeply concave, borders
sometimes scolloped. Dill. It afsumes various appearances.

Sometimes has a thinner and more uniform crust than usual,
thickly covered with white tubercle-like excrescences, and free
from shields except in the centre, where they are so thickly crowded
as to be confluent. Sometimes it grows on mofs, the branches of
which are surrounded with it exactly like the incrustations formed
by springs abounding in a calcareous earth running over a bed of
mofs. Mr. Woodw, Crust sometimes with a greenish cast.

Rocks and large stones. North of England, Devonshire and
Wales. Bingley, Yorkshire, Caernarvon, Highlands and Low-

1

24

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG JE. Lichen. B. (3) Crustaceans,

with Saucers.

fusco-Iu'teus

\

ceri'nus.

quadri'color

upsalien'sis.

lands. [Stierperstone, Shropshire. Dill. Malvern Hills. Mr.
Ballard. On Schistus in Wales. Mr.- Griffith, j

P. Jan. — Dec.-}*

L. Saucers dirty yellow, flat, imperfectly bordered : crust
whitish, granulated.

Dicks. h.s. andfasc. 6.2.

Crust cohering, covering mofses and other dead plants on
which it grows, so that it has the appearance of having leaves and
branches. Saucers of middling size, covered with a yellow meal,
which being rubbed off they appear black, whence their general
dirty hue. Border visible by means of a magnifying glafs. Dicks,
On Ben Lawers and other mountains of Scotland.

L. Saucers pale yellow, smooth ; border and under side
whitish : crust grey white.

Hedw. stirp . i i . 2 1 . B.

\ b -

The saucers frequently swell out so much in the middle as to
afsume the form of tubercles, covering the whole surface of the
crust. They change to dirty brown yellow when dry, but when
macerated regain their former colour, like that of beeswax.

On the bark of trees. Dicks, iii. 14. [On elm and ash, fre-
quent. Mr. Griffith,]

L. Saucers brown yellow, changing to black ; flat: crust
powdery, grey white.

Dicks. 9.3.

Crust powdery, thin, greyish, covered with white, mealy,
globular particles. Saucers numerous, yellowish and rather con-
cave when young, with a white border ; black and convex when
older.

Mountains in Scotland, on the ground. Dicks, iii. 15.

L. Saucers cream colour; border white: crust white, com-
posed of awl-shaped mafses; scored, brittle.

Dicks. 2 .7 -Ho jfm.enum. 7 . 1 -Ho ffm.lich. 21.2.

f It is common in Derbyshire on limestone, and incrusts most of the
stones at Urswic Mere. It is gathered for the dyers, by peasants who sell it
for a penny a pound. They can collect t2o or 30 pounds a day. It gives a
purple colour.

i

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. Lichen. B. (3) Crustaceous , 25

with Saucers.

Of the size of L. saxatilis , ash-coloured, white, composed of
bristles; bristles straight, white, shrivelling, prostrate, unequal,
confused, very simple, as long as the nail, very brittle, fre-
quently several united at the base. Saucers white, with a blunt
border, rather large ; from the root, not placed on the bristles.

Linn. Crust of a milky whitenefs, very brittle, investing slen-
der leaves of grafs or mofs. Saucers globular, dimpled, crowded,
cream coloured. Hoffm.

Heaths near Norwich.

. • * • 4

L. Saucers yellow, with a white border ; flat, very small: byfs'inus.
crust powdery, blackish.

Hoffm.enum.^. 7,

Trees and stones, Scotland.

L. Saucers brownish yellow : crust yellow with a greenish fla'vicans.
cast,

-4

Dill. 18. 18.* A. C.

Habit that of L. candelarius , but the crust circular, wrinkled,
greenish ; and the saucers of a brownish yellow hue, or earthy
yellow; convex. Huds. Crust rather inclined to afsume a leaf-
like appearance at the edge.

L. jlavescens . Huds. and Bot. arr. See L. candelarius . Bark
of trees, walls, rocks, and stones. P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Saucers yellow, with a yellow border: crust grey green, lu'teus.

Dicks. 2.6.

»

Crust a hoary meal, often scarcely discernible, finely sprinkled
over a stratum of mofs, or merely tinging it of a whitish hue.

Saucers deep yellow, numerous, of a middling size, flat, some-
times 2 or 3 together, the rest scattered. Dicks.

Trunks of trees.

L. Saucers sea green, with a white border: crust whitish, rimo'sus.
cracked into roundish angular pieces.

FI. dan. <±63. 3.

• *

Rocks and stones in Yorkshire. Dicks. 12.

26

civ YPTOG AMI A. A LG#.. Lichen. B. (4) Crustaceans,
with both Tubercles and Saucers.

B. (4) Crustaceous, with both Tubercles and Saucers.

Pso'ra. L* Saucers blackish, border and outer side whitish: tu-
bercles blue black : foliage grey white, leaves slightly
many-clefU

Hojfm, lich&.l ; and enum. 12.1.

Crust in circular patches ; 1 or 2 inches over. Fructifications
numerous, in the centre. Hoffm.

Stones, roofs, and on mofs.

gcli'dus, L. Tubercles tile-coloured, in the centre : saucers con-

cave, the same colour, in the circumference ; border
brown white : crust brown white.

Dicks. h,s,— FI. dan, \j 0.2.

Crust leafy, circular, so closely growing to the rocks as not to
be separated from them ; whitish, longitudinally wrinkled. Fuber-
cles occupying the centre of the crust, reddish tile-coloured, con-
vex, considerably elevated, with ray-like plaits, without any
border. Linn. The rednefs of the saucers disappears when the
plant is dry. Dicks. It forms a circular crust about the size of
4 shilling, so thin as hardly to bear separation from the rocks.
The fructification generally consists of one solitary tubercle, near
the centre of the plant, considerably elevated above the crust.
Have only twic$ found it with saucers. Mr. Griffith.

L. heclce Oeder fl. dan. viii. 8, as Oeder very rightly conjec-
tured. As Linnaeus had not observed any saucers, he only men-
tioned a tubercle in the centre. L . gclidus. Huds. 528, is a very
different plant. Dicks.- — See L. ventosus.

Rocks in the Highland mountains. [Between Llanberrisand
Pen y Gorpliwysfa ; also at Gailt y ddol garn, between Pencraig
and Cappel cerrig. On stones in Cwm Idwell, Caernarvonshire >
particularly near Twll du. Mr. Griffith.]

4ecipfiens. L. Saucers tile-colour, tubercles black, both with white

stellated borders: foliage brownish, shining, lobed,
tiled, tawny ; white underneath and at the edge.

Hojfm dich.^.i .3-Hedzv. stirp.il. 1 J$.~Jacq.colLi\i.§.§,

Very beautiful. Saucers , the edges silvery white. Relhan.
Saucers very numerous, bright brownish colour, the margins scol-
loped, white, shining, the younger flat, the older irregular and
deformed, in age black. Mr. Woodw. Flat, expanded, rather
thick ; roundish when young, oblong when old, rather concave^
smooth, brick colour, paler when dry. Hedwig.

/

CRYPTOG AMI A. ALGAE. Lichen. B. (4) Crustaceans ,
with both Tubercles arid Saucers.

L. stellatus. Relh. 430. On the ground on heaths, dry pas-
tures, and barren places. Gogmagog Hills, Newmarket Heath,
in Surry and Scotland. P- Jan.-Dee.

•> ‘ * . • s

\ t ' ’ y

L, Saucers tawny, crowded, border white ; when old chang-
ing to tubercles and becoming more yellow t crust
whitish, leaf-like, lobed, scolloped, and tiled at the
edge.

Relh. at p.^o- Weber Z-Hojfm.g.q..

Crust pure white, shining, divided into lobes so as to appear
of the leafy kind, expanding into flat circular tufts. Saucers small,
concave, at first of the same colour with the crust. Linn, the Sou,
from Weber.— Crust leafy. Saucers , at length becoming convex
tubercles. Weber. 192. — Saucers the younger very small. Kelh.
Leaves cream-coloured, closely tiled. Saucers tawny. Mr. \V oodw.
Heaths and dry pastures. Gogmagog Hills, Newmarket,

and a heath near Newmarket. [Sometimes on stone walls.)

P. Jan. — Dec.

J^. Saucers orange yellow when young : crust yellow, pow-
dery : when old, tubercles yellow ; crust yellow,
somewhat leafy at the edge.

Hofmdich.iy.^. andenum. 1 3. 1 8. B.

Crust spreading wide, often to a hand’s breadth, moderately
thick, yellow. Leaves wrinkled, cloven, firmly fixed, lobes blunt,
pulpy, with age uniting and becoming powdery. Saucers very
numerous, yellow to orange, greenish when wet. Hoffman.
Fruetificatio?is when young slightly concave, or flat, of an.orange
yellow, bordered with a paler lemon yellow the coloui of the ci ust.
When older the fructifications swell into the form of tubercles,
the border disappears, and the crust changes to biown yedow.
L.flavicans seems to be only a variety of this. Mr. Grimth,
whose extensive knowledge of this genus, aided by long continue
observation, stamps a high authority upon his opinions, tells me
he has long observed that the Lichens with farinaceous ci usts
become foliaceous, and that probably the L. candelarius, concolor,
parietinus, and flavescens may be all the same plant under dif-
ferent circumstances.

Rocks, wails, trunks of trees, old boards, and old pales.

P. Jan.— Dec.

1

lenti'gerus.

candela'rius.

1

28

Gk\ P I OGA MIA, ALGjT. Lichen. C. Crustaceans, tiled$

spreading , fixed.

leijcophse'us

\

©bscurrus.

lu'ridus.

mullif'idus#

C. Crustaceans , tiled , spreading, fixed.

L. Tubercles brown black, with whitish borders when

young: crust brownish ash-coloured, tiled, rather
granulated than leafy.

FI. dan. g 55. 2-Dill 82.2.

Composed entirely. ofgnmulated particles of a greyish blue
r ’ °f of which rise a few tubercles , flat, fleshy, light reddish
coloup when fresh, blackish when dry.. The under side of the
ci ast is lack, spongy, and like as if it had been burnt. Dill.

re p ant of the FI. dan. and that of Dillenius are here given as
tne same, on the authority of Mr. Dickson, but the characters as
given by Vahl and Dill, do not quite coincide.

. °^ocks thinly covered with soil, in the Highlands. rSum-
mu of Carnedd Llewelin. Mr. Griffith.] * 1

L. Saucers brown black; border pale brown ; leaves darker
brown, strap-shaped, many-cleft, the ends bent down.
Bteks. ha. -Dill. 2 4 . 6 g-Hoffm. lich . 3 2 .2 -Mich. 51.6.

Saucers very numerous, and frequently so crowded as to de-
form one another, borders thick. Tubercles besides, of the same
coiour as the leaves. Mr. Wo 0 d w. Leaves cut into very narrow
segments, smooth, with numerous black fibres underneath. Dill.

stones' fight ’ 8a5* Wusc**- Hu.ds* 533- Rocks and larger

and Scntl, nBfl §% t ot.herT3places m Wales, Westmoreland,

; j. cotjand. [Rocks in Pengwern Frith, above the road

gZIIIuthT Llansannan t0 LIanufydd, in Denbighshire. Mr.

T

L. 1 ubercles black : leaves brownish green, white under-
neath, minute, thick, indented.

Fl.dan.io5^.2-Mich.^. ord. 36.4-D///.30.134.

2 uiercles rather hollowed at the top. Leases thick, fleshy
concave, tiled; sometimes lobed. Dillenius had not seen this
plant ; his figure is taken from that of Micheli, the fructification
Griffith V%very lmPerfeetl7 e><prefsed. I am indebted to Mr.
Wales MrneDSiPrlC‘menf Z™1 which he Sathered in North

Scotland. ° k' found u on rocks in the mountains of.

L. Saucers brown scattered : foliage yellowish, semi-cy,
lindncal, indistinctly many-cleft.

1

CRYPTOGAMLA. ALG/E. Lichen. C. Cretaceous, ,

tiled , spreading , fixed.

Dicks. 9.7.

Plant widely spreading, nearly circular, firmly adhering to the
stone on which it grows; many-cleft; segments semi-cylindrical,
waved, somewhat adhering to each other ; blue black in the cen-
tre, with black dots; yellowish towards the extremities. Powdery
male clusters scattered on the surface. Saucers scattered, small,
concave, brown within, the border and the outside yellowish.

On stones, in Scotland. Dicks, iii. 16. [On stones near
Llyn Aled. Mr. Griffith.]

L. Saucers flat, tawny : leaves greenish, rounded, scolloped, cartilagin'-

Sristly- ^ eue.&

Dicks. h.s—Fl. dan. 100&- Mich. 51.01’d. 30.1 ~liojfim.erium. 19.1—

Dill. 24.74.

Leaves small, roundish, somewhat notched, very thick, of a
yellow herbaceous hue, Hu ds. — fleshy. Saucers , the young ones
concave and regular, the old ones flat and irregular. VVoodw.

L. crafsus. Huds. 530. and Gmel. syst. veg. Rocks thinly
covered with earth, and mountainous heaths. Near Newborough,

> on Liandwellyn Rocks; on Glyder Hill ; about Malham York-
shne, VV estmoreland, and King’s Park, near Edinburgh.

P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Saucers green yellow, changing to full yellow; border muraTis,
paler: crust greenish with a tinge of yellow : some-
what tiled.

Hoffm.Uch. 1 6. 1 - Jacf . cotl.u. i i^.a-Mch.51 .enum. u .

i , (not g. 1 , as cited in the description.)

r~*1} 1 friable, circular, leafy at the edge, leaves crowded,
prelsed and firmly fixed to the stone or wood on which it grows,
narrow, cut into segments, scolloped and cloven at the end. Sau-
cet s in the central part, very numerous, almost covering it, vary-
ing m colour, flattish, grey green, yellowish, tawny, reddish or
brown, paler at the edge. Whole plant greenish when young
and wet, dirty grey or yellow brown when old and dry. Hoffman.

(Not L. pallescens under which Reichard has inserted it as a
synonym. No one who had examined both could pofsibly sup-
pose them the same. It much more nearly resembles L. cartila-
gtneus. Mr. Woodward.)

Rocks and old walls. [Not uncommon, Mr. Woodward.]

P. Jan. — Dec,

1

3°

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGj'E. Lichen. D. Somewhat crus~

taceous , leaf-like , tiled, loose .

D. Somewhat crust aceous, leaf-like , tiled, loose .

fahlunen'sis. L. Saucers black: leaves strap-shaped, forked, flattish,

pointed.

• 4 ' > ,

Ho fin, lieh. 36.2- F/. dan.^rf-facq.misc . i i . 1 o . 2 - D/7/. 2 4 .8 1 -//<?

enum.iy.2.

Circular, leathery, thin, both surfaces shining, brown chang-
ing to black, curled at the edge, lobes blunt, white within. Sau-
cers very numerous and crowded on the upper surface, concave,
black, shining. Jacquin.

Rocks and large stones, on the Highland mountains. Lightf.

* Near Langdale, Lancashire. Huds. [On stones near the sum-

mit of Carnedd Llewelyn. Mr. Griffith.]

squamartus, L. Saucers black, rough, rather convex, imperfectly bor-
dered: leaves green, rather glaucous, minute, thick-
ish, rounded, but indented and angular.

Dicks. b.s.-Di/l. 30. 135. -

Leaves small, thick, leathery, with shallow segments, whitish
underneath. Dill. In some plants the saucers are rather dark
brown than black.

On the ground in turfy places, Scotland. Rocks in Cumber-
land. DicksoX. — [On a wall about a mile from Cerigy Druidion;
road side leading to Denbigh. Mr. Griffith.]

cilia'tus. L Saucers brown black, fringed: foliage dark green, tiled;

leaves slightly many-cleft, fringed.

'Hojfm. enum. 1 4. 1 ,

Leafits strap-shaped, divisions slender, dull dirty green, glau-
cous grey when dry, blackish when old, fixed firm to the bark of
trees by numerous tendrils on the under side. Hoffman.

On rocks and stones. Dicks, iii. 16.

sty'gius. L. Saucers brown black, numerous, circular, border broad,

scolloped ; foliage brown black to purplish and quite
black; leaves hand-shaped, tiled, bent at the end.

Hojfm. Itch. 25.-2 ; enum. 1 4. 2.

Distinguished from the L. fahlunensis and omphalodes by the
leafits being strap-shaped, with repeated forked divisions; and
forming an irregular circle. Saucers very large when old,
Hoffman.

On the highest mountains in Scotland. Dicks, iii. 16.

CR \ P10GAMIA. ALGfL. Lichen. D. Somewhat crus -

taceous , leaf-like , tiled, loose.

L. Saucers blackish brown : leaves ash-coloured, oblong, stella'ris,
narrow, jagged.

HQpn.enum. i ^.2-Di//.2^.n0-F/Jan.g^. i .

Of a greenish hue when moist, when dry ash coloured. Huns.

■saucers when young white or grey, being covered with a thin
mealy pellicle, but as they enlarge and grow older the pellicle
disappears, becoming black, with a border of the same colour as
the leaves, Specimens sometimes found with only tubercles and
no saucers. Lightf. Ash-coloured when fresh, whiter when
dry. Leaves with narrow, oblong segments, diverging from
a centre, smooth. Saucers on the central part, black, with a grey
border; sometimes intermixed with mealy tubercles. Dill. & *

Trunks of trees, walls, and stones. — Afore freouent on the
srnaller branches than on the trunks of trees. Dill.

Var. 2. Saucers larger,

^l-dan.^57.2-Hofm.enum.i^A-DiU.2^7i~Jacq.coli:iui5.2.a.b

-Mich. 43.2.

In circles of 4 inches or more In diameter. Leaves when fresh
rue-coloured, after being kept some years turning to rufset-o-rev •

Segments stiffer, and not so closely united at their extremities’

Saucers larger. Lightf. Deep glaucous green when wet, grey
when dry, _ even whilst growing. Leave: stiff, segments blunt.

Koots. biacK. fibres. Saucers numerous in the centre, of different
sizes intermixed, glaucous when young, black when old • border
he colour of the leaves. Dill.

Oak, beach, elm, and other rough trees.. Dill.

Var. 3. Saucers with curled brims. R. syn.p. 75. n. 7r_The
saucers of variety 2 when becoming old, have their outsides and
mms covered with minute leaves, so as to appear curled. Light.

Var. 4. Saucers large, purplish black ; border white, regular.

T stfUarifornus. Hoffm.. enum. p. 73. Specimen from Mr.
j-rimth, who gathered it on stones, about Garn, and observes
hat it seems to connect the stellaris with the ciliaris.

Some specimens of the L. stellaris come so near to the L
>bscurus that I doubt whether the only difference is not from •
ocal circumstances. Mr. Griffith.

Saucers brown, border white : foliage sea-green, with filia'ceus*
dots of the same colour; leaves tiled, lobes rounded.

Hojfm. etnim. 16.2.

Lmvcs in a circular form. Wide-spreading, lobes jagged and
ndented. Saucers greenish when wet. H or imam.

On the bark of trees. Dicks, iii. 16.

t

»

;2 CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Lichen. D. somewhat crus*

taceous , leaf-like , //W, loose.

tliffu'sus. L. Saucers rusty, brown, circular, flattish, raised ; border

whitish, scolloped : foliage glaucous, pale, tiled ;
leaves with many strap-shaped clefts, blunt, curled,
powdery.

Dicks. g. 6.

On old pales in Croft-castle Park, Herefordsh. Dicks, iii. 17.

physo’dcs. L. Saucers red brown ; on pedicles : leaves whitish above,.

black underneath, hollow as if inflated ; segments
jagged, blunt.

E. hot. 1 26 -Hedwig. theor. 31 . 1 83. 184. 185— Dill. 20. 49 —Hojfm,
enum.i ^.2-Mich.^o.ord.2^.\ .2— Jacq.coU.iii.8— Pei.gaz, 14.6.

Grows half upright, variously cut and divided, the shorter
plants most cut, and afsuming a circular figure. Segments blunt,
as if lopped at the ends, and with 2, 3* °r 4 clefts. Leaves smooth,
grey white or glaucous green, and convex above, hollowed, black,
and rough underneath ; formed of 2 layers with a hollow between
them, which is peculiar to this species. The whole plant more
or lefs mealy. Saucers on short foot-stalks, concave, brown
green, or reddish or yellowish brown within, the outside colour
of the plant. In my specimens those plants only are mealy,
which have no saucers. Dill. Dr. Smith observes, that it is
rarely found with saucers, but that he has found the mealy pro-
tuberances in the same plant with the sauceis. See E. hot, p. 126.

Trunks of trees, stones, stems of heaths. P. Jan. Dec.

cemrif'ugus. L. Saucers red brown leaves pale yellow green, smooth,

jagged, pointing from a centre.

Hojfrn . enum.io. %-DiU. 24. 7 16.2-F/. lapp. 1 1. 2-
Buxb. ii.7.3.

Distinguishable at first sight by spreading front a centre to
the circumference and gradually decaying in the middle. Linn,
Circular, flat, outer leaves largest, tiled, neatly scolloped and
curled, with many clefts. Colour greenish, glaucous, or yellowish
when growing on wood. Surface minutely dotted with black, 01
rough with very minute cylindrical substances*. Saucers 111 tht
centre, crowded, large, irregular, red brown or black. Hoffman,
Weis’s and Lightfoot’s descriptions good. Leaves usually cover-
ed with numerous granulations like L. physodes, and others oi
this division. Saucers , the small ones cup-shaped, and regular,
the large ones much and variously deformed, in age the brown
part dropping out, leaving the exterior cup which is then ot the

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGyE. Lichen. D. Somewhat crus - 33

st ace ous, leaf-like , tiled, loose.

same colour with the leaves, except that the inside is rather
greener. Mr. Woodward. Leaves disposed in a circular form,
the outer ones the largest, elegantly scolloped, laid like pies one
over another, yellow green, black on the under side. Saucers
reddish brown, edged with yellow green. Dill.

Rocks, walls, large stones, and trunks of trees.

P. Jan. — Dec.

i

L. Saucers reddish brown, raised, thick : leaves brown carno'sus.
green, mealy at the edge, rounded, ragged, greatly
crowded, nearly upright.

Dicks.6.y.

Leaves minute, brownish green, curling when dry. Saucers
rather remote, some connected, rising from between and some-
what higher than the leaves, fleshy, smooth, paler underneath.

Dicks. ,

Rocks on the mountains of Scotland. [Rocks on the side of
the hill about 50 yards above Garthmeilio, the seat of R. W.

Wynne, Esq. Denbighsh. Mr. Griffith.]

L. Saucers chesnut colour: leaves glaucous, indented, saxa'tilis.
pitted, rough.

Hojfm. enum. 1 6. 1 -Jacq. coll.iv. 20. 2-Dill. 2 4.8 $-VailJ. 21.1 -H.
ox.xv.j. row 4.6.

Lightfoot’s description good. The mealy tubercles found on the
old and saucer-bearing plants as well as on the younger. Mr.

W oodward. Circular when young, and from \ to 1 inch dia-
meter. Leaves short, segments broad, blunt, scolloped and in-
dented at the ends; pitted on the upper surface, glaucous green;
black and fibrous underneath ; sometimes smooth though pitted ;
sometimes rough with flat mealy eminences. Saucers seldom found,
reddish or blackish, the border the colour of the leaves. Dill.

Stones, rocks, and trunks of trees. P. Jan. — Dec.

It is used by the inhabitants of the North to dye purple.

Var. 2. Leaves sometimes in the vrinter acquiring a reddish
tinge, in every other respect resembling the preceding. Dill.

L. Saucers tawny red, bordered: foliage tawny^red; ful'vus#
leaves tiled, many-cleft, distorted.

Dill. 24.68.

Plant very small ; saucers very small. Dill.

On rocks in Cornwall and Scotland. Dicks, iii, 16.

Vol. IV.— C

34-

C R Y P TOGA MIA. ALGAE. Lichen. D. Somewhat crus-

taceous , leaf-like , tiled , loose .

omphalo'des. L. Saucers dull purple : leaves hoary, smooth, blunt, ma-
ny-cleft, sprinkled with rising dots.

Dill. 24.80- Vaill .20.10 -Hojfm .enum. 12. 2-Mi ch.^g.2.

Colour dull purple, shining, smooth, with numerous black
fib ics underneath. Leaves intei woven, about an inch long, <S au~
errs dull purple, and smooth within, grey on the outside and hairy,
cracked at the edge. Dill,

Cork , Corker , or Ar cell. Kenkerig Welsh. On rocks.

Jan. — Dec.*f*

parieti'nus, L. Saucers tawny yellow : leaves full yellow, curled.

E. kot.ig^-Fl.dan.ioog-Dill. 24.76 -Col. eephr. i. 33 1 ,2-HoJfm,
enum. 1 8 . 1 .

Agrees with L. candelarius and juniperinus in colour, but the
former consists merely of branny scales, the latter of loose leaves.
The parietinus is an intermediate species. Linn. Crust indented,
wrinkled, margin leafy. Leaves cut, and ending in blunt seg-
ments. Saucers on the foliage as well as on the central crust,
small, yellow, with a border of the same or a paler colour.
Varies in colour from greenish to deep golden yellow. Grey un-
derneath. Dill. In age frequently losing its central leaves and
targets, like the centrifugus. Mr. Woodward. Very common.

Trunks of trees, walls, tiles, wood, and stones.

P. Jan.— -Dec.

Var. 2. Leaves green.

E.kof.igq.

Moisture and shade render it more lax, leafy, and of a green-
ish or pale olive hue ; so it commonly appears on trees and
bushes' ; in which state it is the L. juniperinus of our British wri-
ters. E. bot. Mr. Dickson also afsures me that the real L. juni-
perinus has never been found in this island.

mavgina'lis. L. Saucers brown green, flattish, on the edge of the leaf :

leaves blackish green, many-cleft, tooth-scolloped.

f It dies wool of a brown reddish colour, or a dull but durable crimson
or- purple, paler but more lasting than that of Orchal. It is prepared by
the country people in Ireland by steeping it in stale urine, adding a little
salt to it, and making it up into balls with lime. Wool dyed with it and
then dipped in the blue vat becomes of a beautiful purple. With rotten
oak it makes a good dark brown frize. Wool dyed with red wood, or San-
ders, and afterwards in corker, becomes of a dark reddish brown. Rutty.
It has been used as a styptic.

I

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. Lichen. E. Somewhat crus - 35

face ous, Cup-bearing.

DzII.ig.2 5-Jacq.cat/.m.i 2.1.

Leaves lying on the ground, brown green, black when dry,
their ends frequently cut and curled. numerous, small,

concave, bordered, brown green when fresh, reddish when dry.

Dill. Borders raised.

Rocks, and stones in the Northern parts of Britain, and in
Caernarvonshire. Near Lucton, Herefordshire. Dill. [Walls
about Settle and Kirkby Lonsdale. Dr. J. E. Smith. Fir planta-
tion near Cefw House, Denbighsh. Mr. Griffith.

A. Oct. — June.

L. Saucers brown green ; scolloped : leaves lobed, shin- oliva'ceus.
ing, brown green.

Hojfjn.enum. 1 3 . 5-D///. 2 4. 7 8 -Vaill. 20.8.

Olive green, black underneath. Saucers green within, grey
on the outside, sitting, flat or concave, border scolloped, granu-
lated. Dill.

Rocks, stones, and trunks of trees. In the wood on Shooter’s
Hill, Kent. Slinford, Sufsex, and Bagley Wood near Oxford.

P. Jan. — Dec,

Var. 2. Saucers smooth. Dill. 182.

Hoffm. 13.3 and ep-Dill. 24.77-M/VL51. ord. 19.

Generally grows in a circular form ; thin, crustaceous, closely
adhering. Leaves smooth, rather shining, brown green, seg-
ments blunt. Saucers rarely found, but where they do exist, the
leaves are more cut and scolloped. The plants without saucers
have numerous granulations in their substance. Dill.

On the bark of trees.

* * _ »

Var. 3. Segments broader, more v'rinkled, the middle ele-
vated into wrinkles, sprinkled with numerous small grain-like
warts. Saucers none. Dill. 183.

On birch trees. Dill.

4

E. Somewhat crustaceous, Cup-bearing.

L. Cups conical, very short, with black tubercles on the folia'ceus*
edge: leaves greyor yellow green, ascending, cloven
into many segments, pure white underneath.

Dill. 14. 12, A, B, D. -Vaill. 2 1 .^-Mich.^2. ord. 8 . 1 and 2~H.ox.
xv. 7. row 3.3 .at p. 632.

Leaves nearly upright, jagged, curled, bearing cups. Cups
very short, conical. Hues.' Leaves large, half upright, even,

C 2

36 CllYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. Lichen. E. Somewhat crus -

taceous , Cup-bearing.

cartilaginous, flat, branches like an Elk’s horn, edges rather
turned in, grey or yellow green above, white underneath. Cups
from the disk and the edges of the leaves, very small, slightiy
hollowed, rounded or angular, edges often very minutely toothed.
Such is its state in winter, but in summer the edges of the leaves
are wasted, only the middle parts remaining, the cups become
more or lefs proliferous, larger, and edged with small black tu-
bercles. Dill.

t.falisceus. Huds. ed. I. — L. alcicornis. Lightf. 872. Relh. n.
1083. On dry barren commons; on Black Heath. On Snow-
don. Dill.

Var. 2. Stem branched; branches running into leaves. Leaves
upright, with winged clefts. Dill.ib . e.f. D .

Trowbridge, Wiltshire. Dill.

pyxida'tus. L. Tubercles brown : cup grey green, simple, somewhat

scolloped at the edge.

Vaill.2 1 .8 -Dill. 1 4.6 -Wale, No. g.fi 2-Mich.^t. ord. 8.1 , if, the
first L . Q \-Tourn . 325.2; D.-Ger.e?n.\ 560.6-Park.i308.il-
Vat'll. 21.7, is thought by Dill, to be an old plant.

Crust at first granulated, in time forming leaves which are of
no certain figure, small, cut at the edge, greenish above, white
underneath. Tubes to 1 inch high, springing from the base of
the leaves, thickest upwards, and expanding at the summit like a
drinking glafs ; scolloped at the edge, the hollow of the upper
expanded part separated by a partition from the hollow of the tu-
bular part below. These tubes are of a light grey colour ; some*
times mealy. Dill.

Var. 2. Cups proliferous from the centre.

D///.14.6. D. to H.-Vaill. 2 1 . 5-W ale .f.%.

Cups sometimes rising one out of the other to 5 stages, and
sometimes with small sitting brown or blackish tubercles. Lightf.

Var. 3. Cups proliferous from the edge.

Vaill. 2 1 . 9-Dill. 1 4.6 .1.-Walc.f. q-H.ox. 15.7. 4, ^.63 4 -Mi ch.tgi.

7 and 8.

Cups rising sometimes to 4 stages. Stalks sometimes leafy.
Lightf. Frequently covered with much greenish meal, and a
leafy crust, but the base is only a greenish crust, not leafy. Dill.

Var. 4. Cups proliferous, with tubercles.

Vaill.2 1 . 1 1 -Dill. 1 4.6, C, K,L,M.

L. tuberculatus. Relh. n. 879. Heaths and such like dry
places, on stones and trunks of trees covered with a thin coat #f

37

. .i

CRVPT0GAM1A. ALG/E. Lichen. E. Somewhat crus-

taceous , Cup-bearing.

soill. Dill. Woods and walls. Relh. Heaths, woods, banks,
and rocks, and about the roots of old trees, P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles brown, small, fixed to the indented edge of fimbria'tus.
the cup: stem cylindrical.

Dill, 14 .8, A, B.-Happ . iii. Lichen 2, a and c.-Mich. 4 1 . crd. 8. 5
and ^-Vaill.ii ,6-Mich.q.i .ord.8. 4.

Stems slender. Tubercles and cups sjnall, the latter finely
.serrated at the edge. Leaves lying on the ground, small, vari-
ously cut, grey green, lefs grey than the cups. Tubercles small,
brown fixed to the little teeth of the cup, not commonly occur-
ring. Dill,

Var. 2. Proliferous from the serrated edge of the cup: sometimes
to 3 stages.

D///.I 4.8.C. and Happ. iii. Lichen 2-Vaill. 21 .9.

Moors, heaths, dry pastures, common. P. Jan. — Dec,

It is generally suspected that this is only another variety -of
the L. pyxidatus,

Var. 3,

Dill. 15.20,

Leaves at the base small, scolloped, rather hoary. Stems to
1 ^ inch high, slender, greyish, smooth, or with a leafy greenish
crust. Tubercles terminating, generally on a broad base, some-
what resembling a cup, small, roundish, brown ; black when
dried. Dill.

Woolwich Heath. Dill

L. Tubercles reddish brown, cups finely serrated, stems gra'cilis,
grey, changing to brown, forked, branched.

Dill.i^.i^.-H.ox.xw.y.row^.6t p.6^2.^AIich.^i. crd. 7.5.

Stem in some plants tapering to a point, in others terminated
by a cup tipt with tubercles. Linn. Leaves at the base numerous,
deeply cut, grey green, hoary underneath. Stems 1 to 3 or 4 inches
high, but the more they are branched the shorter they are; at first
grey, at length brownish towards the top, and wholly brown when
in fruit; slender, hollow, smooth; top slender, except when bearing
cups and tubercles, simple or branched. Cups fmall, serrated at the
edge. Tubercles on the teeth, roundish, reddish brown. Dill,

Mountainous and rocky heaths. Leath Hill, Surry.

c3

CRYPT0GAM1A. A LG/E. Lichen. E. Somewhat crus-

taceousy Cup-bearing.

radia'tus. L. Tubercles brown : cups unequally toothed, radiated :

stems tall, cylindrical, a little branched.

Dill.i frib-Mieh. 41. ord. 7. 3, 4, 2— Scheuchz.it. 1 .5.3— /PT7//A7.7,
said by Dill . to be ill done .

Leaves at the base, sometimes also fixed to the stem, small,
finely cut, hoary green above, white underneath. Tubes greyish
green, about two inches high, soft, hollow, simple or branched,
thickest upwards, ending in shallow cups with oblong hollow
horn-shaped spokes on the edge. These spokes are not branched,
but they sometimes terminate in smaller cups, supporting other
smaller spokes. Tubercles on pedicles on the edges of the cups,
or terminating the branches, reddish brown. Dill.

Enfield Chace, Middlesex. Dill. [Top of Carnedd Llewelin.

Mr. Griffith.]

%

s ' • \

ventrico'sus, L* Tubercles brown : cups toothed; stem swollen, whole

plant hoary and woolly.

Dill. 1 5. 1 7.

Stem nearly cylindrical, expanding into a cup, which branches
out into a number of sub-divisions, which terminate in their turn
in other cups, divided into teeth, and tipt with brown tubercles.
Growing in clusters. Stems upright, stiff, thinnest at bottom,
swelling at top into a cup, which branches out into numerous
rays or spokes bearing other cups. Plant about 2 inches high,
covered with a hoary wool. Cups on the branches bearing small
brownish tubercles in the spring. Leaves small, scolloped, hoary.
Dill. On rotton wood, mostly in woods. Dill.

defor'mis* L. Tubercles reddish ; cups toothed : stem seldom branch-
ed, swollen.

Fl.lapp. 1 1 .5- Mich. 41 .ord.j. i-Dill. 15. 1 8.

Stem upright, sometimes crooked, thick as a goose quill, some-
times with 1 or 2 branches, thickest upwards, ending in small
shallow cups, edged with 4, 5, or more teeth. Colour dirty grey
green. Surface mealy and woolly, often incrusted vdth crisp fo-
liage. Tubercles small, reddish. Leaves small, cut, hoary, grey,
on the lower part of the stem. Dill.

On rotten wood mostly in w’oods, Dill. — and heaths. Relh.

jilifor'mis, L. Tubercles small, red; stem pale grey, simple, slender ;

leaves fine green, white underneath.

Dill. 14.1 o-Mich.% 1 . 6-Vaill. 26.10.

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGyE. Lichen. E, Somewhat crus - 39

taceous , Cup-b earing.

Leaves compact, spread on the ground, variously cut, seg-
ments rather raised, fine green above, white underneath, rather
thick, stiffish, large for the size of the plant and numerous, by
which and by the smallnefs of the cups it may be readily distin-
guished. Cups in the winter grey white, in the spring brown.

' Tubercles not common, very small, scarlet, on short foot-stalks,
the cups now splitting into segments forming stalks to the tuber-
cles. Dill.

L. tubiformis. Lightf. 87 r. Black Heath, near Greenwich,
and other similar situations. Dill, Woods, at the roots of old
trees, Lightf. — and walls. Relh.

Var. 2. Cups very small, brown within : stems very short.

Dill. 1 4. 1 1 .

Leaves numerous, small, glaucous green above, white under-
neath, smaller, shorter, broader, lefs cut and lefs upright than
the preceding. Cups shorter, brown within, very small. Dill.

Heaths near Charlton and Woolwich, Jan.-r-Feb. Dill.

L. Tubercles scarlet: cup simple, greenish grey, very en- cocci'ferus.
tire, stem cylindrical.

Happ. iii. Lichen 5.1-DM.i q..j~Vaill.2 1 .^-Mich.^i .0/7/.8.3.

Cups greenish grey, sometimes springing one out of another.

Tubes slender, cups at first but little hollowed, edged with beau-
tiful scarlet tubercles. Dill.

Common on heaths. Oct. — April.

L. Tubercles scarlet: cups entire: stem simple, rather cornu'tus.
distended.

Dill, r 5, 1 lich.2 5. 1 -Barr. 1277,1.

Crust on the ground, supporting curled leaves, and these pro-
ducing tubular fructifications, upright or bending, smooth or
rough with a mealy crust, greenish or greying, hollow, entire at
the top, pointed pr forked, with or without tubercles, sometimes
branched at the base. Tubercles on the edge of the tubes which
then appear as if cut acrofs. Dill.

On moist heaths and moors. [On oak pales in Edgbaston
Park,]

L. Tubercles scarlet: cup entire, knotted ; stems very digita'tus.
much branched; branches cylindrical.

Dill. 15.19.

Tubercles numerous, scarlet. In doubt whether to reckon this
as bearing cups. When without tubercles the stems terminate in

4°

cornuco-

pioi'des.

siliquo'sus

globi'ferus

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGIE. Lichen. F. Somewhat crus-

taccousy Shrub-like.

blunl unequal finger-like horns, forming a kind of cavity but not
a proper cup. Stems hollow, i or i-£ inch high, hoary grey,
mostly branched, of unequal thicknefs, rough with greyish or
brownish eminences. Tubercles terminating, numerous, fine
scarlet. Leaves small, hoary, slightly cut. Dill.

Barren heaths and woods at the decayed roots of trees. Dill.

Feb,

L. Tubercles scarlet: cup grey green, shorter than the
leaves ; edged with a leafy fringe.

D///.14.9.

Crust leafy, greenish. Cups grey, edged with a leafy fringe,
tipped with small brown tubercles, often proliferous. Dill.
Moors and heaths, with L. cocciferus. P. Jan. — Dec,

Many think this only a var. of the L. cocciferus.

F. Somewhat crust aceous , Shrub-like.

* X . V - *■ » '

L. Saucers grey white, lateral: plant solid, comprefsed,
somewhat branched.

Dill.i’j.^Q-H.ox.xv.’j. row 3.4.

Stems many, from a chalky base, upright, stiff, swollen but
comprefsed, filled with a white fungous substance, 1 to 2 inches
high, simple or with 2 or 3 forks; at first even, but with age fur-
rowed lengthways and divided acrofs like a pod containing seeds.
In time these inequalities project like small warts, of a grey
white colour, whilst the rest of the plant is grey green, becoming
yellowish with age. Dill. When full grown they form concave
saucers.

On the large stones scattered over the Grey Weathers, Wilt-
shire, and on rocks in Wales. Dill, P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles black within, globular, terminating: plant
brownish, polished, solid, much branched ; branches
cylindrical.

Hojfm. lich. 31.2 -Dill. 1 7 • 3 5~E. bot . 1 1 5- FI. dan .960- Mich. 39.6,

Similar to L. paschalis , but smoother, leaflefs, and the branches
terminated by globular tubercles, hollow with a small mouth,
gaping sphercially, black within. Linn. Slender, very much
branched, glaucous grey, 1 to 2 inches high, cylindrical, soft
when fresh, stiff when dry, smooth. Tubercles terminating, nu-

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGiE. Lichen. F .Somewhat crus- 41

taceous ; Shrub-like.

merous, globular, containing a black powder, the outer coat thick,
cracking in 3 or 4 places. Dill.

L.globifer . Gmel. syst. veg. Rocks at Tunbridge. On the
Stieperstones, Shropshire. Snowdon, and in the Highlands and
Lowlands. [Rocks in the mountainous parts of Dartmoor,

Devonshire. Mr. Newberry. Rocks in the north of England.

Mr. Woodward.]

L. Saucers filled with black powder, terminating: plant fra'gilis*
solid, branches nearly cylindrical, blunt.

E.bot. 1 1 t^-DilLij .§tg-Hojfm,lich,§§.$-FL lapp. 1 i.y-Jacq. misc,
ii.g.6.c>

It cannot be gathered without breaking, except when moist,
as it is more brittle than a Coralline, which it also much resem-
bles. Linn. Stem and branches short, cylindrical, solid, brittle,
blunt, rather shining, dirty white, often reddish at the ends ;
white within. Jacquin. Grows compacted together, shrub-like,

I or i-§ inch high. Roots wooddy, brown black, penetrating the
fifsures of schistus rocks. Stems stiff, like ivory. Branches nume-
rous, cylindrical, smooth, blunt at the end, forked or entire.

Fruit-bearing plants thicker, broader, comprefsed, pitted and
unequal. Tiibercles hard, solid, globular, filled with sooty powder.

Dill.

On rocks and stones on mountains and high heaths.

P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles dark brown, very small, few, lateral, globular ; vermicula'ris
branches white, nearly cylindrical, awl-shaped,
spreading from one central point.

Jacq.colI.1i.12.2-Hojfm.llch.2g, 1, %-Dicks.6.io..

In tufts. Ifsuing and diverging from one central point. Awl-
shaped, 2 to 3 inches long; soft, hollow, snowy white, reclining,
very rarely branched, sometimes here and there a little tooth is
found, but no leaves. Jacq. Stems awl-shaped, tapering to a
point, irregularly matted together, variously bending, rarely
forked, here and there a short lateral branch, not unlike tubercles,
hollow within, tough and pliable when moist, brittle when dry,

Hoffman.

L.vermi cellar is , and also L. subuliformis of Gmel, syst . veg. —

Among mofs on the higher mountains of Scotland.

L. Tubercles brown: plant hoary, hollow, very much rangiferi'nus. .
branched ; terminating branches mostly turned down-
wards, ,

42 C II YP TOG AM I A . ALG/E. Lichen. F. Somewhat crus-

taceous ; Shrub-like.

Dill . 16.2 g -El. dan. 1 8 o-E. bot.ij 3- Mich . 40.1- Ger . 1380.5- Get.
em, 1 5J 2. 5-Park. 1 3 io.Q-Kniph.6.

Branches perforated in the forks. Linn. Light, brittle, hoary
when dry ; grey green or whitish, tender and soft when fresh.
Surface covered with mealy particles. Has neither leaf nor leafy
crust. Roots- not easy to find; it adheres slightly to the earth and
to mofses, from which it readily separates. But many species of
Lichen seem destitute of roots, and to be nourished by the leaves,
or by a mucous matter at the base. About 2 inches high, divided
and subdivided into branches all the way up, the ends turning
down. Tubercles small, roundish, reddish, shining, black when
‘dry, on the terminations of the branches. Dill.

Var. 2. Ends of the branches reddish.

Dill. 1 6.^0-Fl.dan.^gg.

Smaller branches reddish, and the whole when old turning
brown. Tubercles darker brown than those of the preceding,
more crowded, more frequently found. Branches sometimes bear-
ing small crisp leaves. Dill.

Heaths and high exposed mountainous situations, Dill. —
and woods. Huos. P. Jan. — Dec.f

subula'tus. L. Tubercles reddish brown, small, globular, solitary:

plant somewhat forked, branches undivided, awl-
shaped.

D/77. 1 6. 26-GcT. 1 374.8-PtfrL 1 308. 1 2-^.5.111.767.2.

I

Stems 1 to 2 inches or more in height, slender, grey, or green-
ish, white when dry, smooth, not branched at bottom. Leaves
small, scolloped, grey, hoary underneath. Tubercles small, glo-
bular, solitary, red brown. Dill. Stem sometimes fringed with
a few scattered crustaceous leaves. Tubercles small, brown, glo-
bular, at the ends of the branches.

Horned Mofs. Woods and heaths.

Roccel'la. L. Tubercles blackish brown, somewhat globular, alternate :

plant grey or grey brown, solid, smooth, stiff, cylin-
drical, leaflefs, somewhat branched.

Dlll.iy.^g-E.bot.2 1 \-Pluk. 20 (j.b-Pe t. g az.7 . 12.

f The Laplanders could not exist without this plant. It is the food of
the rein deer, which will grow fat upon it, and the rein deer supplies every
necelsary of life for the contented people of that inhospitable climate.

/

43

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGyE. Lichen. F. Somewhat crus -

t ace ous ; Shrub-like.

Two or 3 inches high, rising out of a chalk-like basis. Stems
cylindrical, simple or branched, white like chalk within. Dill.

Rocks on the coast of Guernsey. Mr. Gofselin, in Die its. iii.
ig. On Portland Island. Lord Lewisham. E. hot .

L. Saucers blackish brown; terminating: branches solid, trisTis*
comprefsed, branched, blackish at the ends,

Dicks.h.s.-Hojfm.lich.o)\.\~Weber 5-Dill. 1 7 .3] -Hall. hist. 47 . t~

Jacq.misc. ii.g.6 ; and coll. ii.13.5.

Grows in dense tufts. Stems about 1 inch long, reclining,
moderately broad, comprefsed, solid, smooth, divided into a few
horn-shaped branches, when fresh brown olive, when dry black-
ish ; stiff, tough, horny, pellucid when moist. Tubercles termi-
nating, plano-convex, circular or oblong, of different sizes, black-
ish brown, fleshy, fungous and white within. In some plants
saucers are produced at the ends of the branches, flat or gently con-
cave, border regular, of the same colour with the saucer, some-
times bearing horn-shaped branches. These saucers being smaller
than the tubercles, are probably changed into tubercles. Dill.

L . corniculatus. Light!. L. radiatus . Huds. On Snowdon, on
the top of the rocks from Own Brwvnog towards Ardhu. Dill.

[On Carnedd Llewelin. Mr. Griffith] Highland mountains,

Rofshire, and Isle of Sky, Lightf. and Huds. [On rocks in
the mountainous parts of Dartmoor, Devonshire, rare. Mr.
Newberry.] P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles red brown, terminating: plant solid, very his'pidus.
much branched ; branches straddling, rather com-
prefsed, angles blunt, the ends forked, pointed.

Ho ffm.lich.5.2 -Dill. 17.31 -Mich. 39. J-Vaill. 26.8 -H.ox.xv. 7*
row 3.1 1 .

Little branches scarcely prickly, the ends forked, pointed.

Huds. Tufted, shrubby, much branched, 1 or if inch hi gh-
Branches interwoven, comprefsed pitted on each side, dividing and
subdividing in forks, ending in fine thorns ; dark brown when
wet, almost black when dry, white within. Saucer-like tubercles
terminating the larger branches, red brown, thorny at the edge,
horizontal. Not often found with saucers. Hoffman.

L. islandicus. y. Huds. &cc. but whatever relation it may bear
to that species, the investigating botanist would certainly expect
to find it in this subdivision.

On Stieperstone, Shropshire. Heaths about London, and
hilly parts of Cambridgeshire. Dill. [On rocks in Dartmoor,
Devonshire. Mr, Newberry.] .

%

t

44

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Lichen. F. Somewhat crus-
taceans; Shrub-like.

uncia'lis. L. Tubercles reddish brown, very small: plant hollow,

perforated ,* ultimate branches very short, acute,

E.bot. 1 7 4-D///. 16.22.

Quite hollow; very brittle when dry. Woodward. Grows
in dense tufts. Stem: short, but little branched, longer and more
branched with age, hardly more than an inch high, yellowish or
greenish white, quite white and brittle when dry. Tubercles very
small, reddish brown, disposed like stars on the horn-shaped
extremities of the branches. I have sometimes, though rarely,
found some whitish scolloped foliage at the base. Dill. Perfora-
tions at the origin of the branches.

Heaths and stony places in mountainous situations. [On dry
heaths and rocks thinly covered with earth. In Dartmoor, Devon-
shire. Mr. Newberry. On moors in the north of England. Mr.
Woodward.] P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Larger and lefs crowded in its growth.

Dill.i6.2i—H,ox.xv.j, row §.jcp. 633-Mich. 4.0.2.

From 2 to 4 inches high. Stems thick, tender, smooth, forked
again and again, but not much branched, armed at each division
of the forks with soft thorns, open at the ends, terminating in 3,
4 or 5 rays. Tubercles infrequent, small, reddish. Plant when
fresh, pale yellowish green, or whitish ; quite white when dry.
Dill.

High heaths. Leath Hill, Surry, and the heath between
Lippock and Petersfield, Hampshire. Dill.

pascha'lis. L. Tubercles olive brown, terminating : plant solid, co-
vered with minute crustaceous leaves.

Dicks.h.s.-E.bot.2%2-Dill.lJ ,^-Hoffm./lch.^.i-Mlch. 53.5 to 8
-El. dan. 1 51 ~Happ.ii. Lichen 2-H.ox.xv.y.i 2-Sc heuch.it. 1 9.4,
at p. i^6-Pe(.gaz.6^.'/.

Stems very smooth, beautifully incrusted with leaves, especially
when viewed through a magnifying lens. Eaten by rein deer.
Linn. Upright or decumbent, many roundish stems ifsuing
from a larger stem, divided and subdivided, the extremities bent,
wooddy, flaccid when wet, pale sea-green to yellow or red brown.
Young plants covered with a brittle crust. Warts very minute,
numerous on the extreme branches. Tubercles like saucers , sin-
gle or crowded, of a brown colour, are scattered over different
parts of the plant. From 1 to 4 inches high. Hoffman. Wooddy
at the base, fixed like sea weeds to the rocks. Stems tough,
wooddy, variously branched, zigzag, 1 to 2 inches high. Stems

\

6RYPT0GAMIA. ALGA!. Lichen. F. Somewhat crus -

taceous ; Shrub-like.

incrusted, sometimes naked, especially in the lower part of the
older plants. Branches generally incrusted with small granula-
tions. Tubercles single, or in clusters, round, red brown, smooth.

Upon rocks on high mountains. [Near Ambleside, Cumber-
land. Dr. J. E. Smith. In the mountainous parts of Dartmoor,

Devonshire. Mr. Newberry.] P. Jan. Dec. ^

L. Tubercles brown red, numerous, terminating : plant sP*in0
hollow, very much branched, branches thorn-like.

Dill, 1 6. 25-Mich . 40. 5, and %-Hag.2. 1 1 -Co/, ecfhr. 11. 83.1-

Park. 1310.9.

Stem short. Branches numerous, wide spreading, short, hol-
low, cloven at the end, greenish, white within. Col. Ecphr. Tu-
bercles numerous, terminating, brown red. Leaves none. Dill.

' Branches like the horns of a stag. Forms the connecting link
between the L. uncialis and L. subulatus. Huds.

Barren and mountainous places. Dill.

1

' L. Tubercles flesh-coloured, terminating: plant hollow, Papiha'rta.
whitish, leaflet's ; branches few, very short, blunt.

Jacq.coll. iii.3.2— D///. 16.28.

Hardly ■§ an inch high. Stems slender, white, smooth, une-*
qual, with here and there a knot, as if jointed. Branches very
short, terminating, ending like the top of a double tooth. Crust
cracked Dill#

Heaths. Near Bagshot on the road to Farnham. Dill. 107.

Spring. Winter.

* . . «

L. Tubercles tawny red, small : plant branched, branches furca'tus.
upright, forked.

Dill.16. 2 j-Hag. 2.1 o-H.ox.xv.j. row 3.1. />. 632-^77.26.7, 7,

7-A//V&.40.4, and D .

Branches more numerous and shorter than in the preceding,
and also more leafy. Tubercles terminating, small, round, flesh
coloured or yellowish. Dill.

Var. 2. Leaves remarkably crisped and leafy.

Dill. 16.27. D.

Sometimes upright, sometimes bowed. Leaves and warts nu-
merous. Dill.

t

CRA PTOGAMIA. ALGiE. Lichen. G. Somewhat cr us-

tacecus ; Tiiread-like.

inasci cola. L. Saucers blackish green : plant crustaceous, very much

branched ; branches very short, interwoven, black
green.

Dicks.G.q.

Rocks, growing on mofs, on the higher mountains of Scot-
land. [About Garthmeilib, the seat of R. W. W ynne, Esq. M. P.
abundantly. Mr. Gr iffith.J

G. Somewhat crustaceous ; Thread-like.

ochroleu'cus. L. Tubercles meal y, scattered: plant yellow white ; up-
right, branches forked, straddling ; points forked,
black.

* »

Hojfm. lich. 26.2.

Branches interwoven, subdivisions more and more slender,
the terminating ones hair-like. Surface smooth, almost shin-
ing. Hoffman.

High mountains in Scotland. Dicks, iii. ig.

juba'tus. L. Tubercles whitish, mealy, very minute : plant pendent,

comprelsed at the divisions of the branches.

DHL 1 2 . y-Happ.m . Lichen 4.

In greatest perfection in winter and spring ; hanging down
• like the tail of a horse. Stems , the upper and thicker ones com-
prefsed, brown green to blackish; the slender thread-like stems
cylindrical, smooth, not hard, greenish, not much branched, but
sometimes twisted ; and very much matted together. Dill.. Tu-
bercles very minute, lateral, sitting ; sometimes though rarely ter-
minating and pear-shaped.

On rocks and old trees in the West Riding of Yorkshire. On
rocks in Chorley Forest, Leicestersh. and on the side of the Der-
went. Derbysh. Di ll. Wales and Scotland. Huns. andLiGHTF.
[Mr. Gough of Kendall favoured me with a fine specimen about
o inches long, of a bright bay colour, in some places tending to
blacknefs. He supposes this colour might be caused by its seclu-
sion from the light, for it grew near Orton in Westmoreland in
the gallery of a copper mine, hanging from the roof and timbers
at the distance of 2 or 300 yardsfrom the entrance.] P.Jan. — Dec.

hir'tus. L. Tubercles mealy, scattered : plant upright, very much
branched.

Hojfm. Itch. 30.1 -Cer. 1 3 7 2 . 5- DHL 1 3 . t 2 -Barr. 1 2 7 7 . 4.

I

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL. Lichen. G. Somewhat crus- 47

taceous ; Thread-like.

Stem very short, woody. Branches many, sendingout shorter
lateral branches i to 2 inches or more in length, grey green, beset
with thin stiff fibres. Dill. Paler than the L. floridus, grey
green or yellow white ; branches more crowded and shorter.

Ho FFMAN.

Woods, thickets and old hedges. Stumps of old pear trees,

Herefordshire. Mr. Stackhouse.

L. Plant prostrate; branches straddling, waved and matted chalybreifor*
together. mis.

Dill. 1 3 . 1 0 -FI. dan. 262.

-SVrtwxstiff, cylindrical, diverging, variously bending, not crowd-
ed, 2 or 3 inches long, but little branched, grey to brown green.

Growing on the trunks of oaks it does not hang down but clings
to the bark. Dill. Fructification not discovered.

Trunks of trees, stones, and old wood. [On the south end of
Kendal Fell, sometimes on the rocks, but more commonly on the
dwarf Junipers, the branches of which it covers, giving the
shrubs a grotesque appearance. Mr. Gough.]

L. Saucers brown black; plant black, roughish, opake; cxi'lis.
very much branched ; matted together.

Dill. 13.9; resembles It ; (Lightfoot.)

Saucers nearly as large as white Poppy seed, hemispherical,
bordered, black, the bottom blackish-brown, the edge very entire.

Huds. Seems to be between a Lichen and a Conferva. I have
examined many scores, butneverfound it in fruit. Mr. Newberry.

Have examined thousands of specimens, but never found it with
saucers. Mr. Griffith.

On the most naked rocks of the Highland mountains. Lightf.

[On rocks whose surfaces lie nearly even with the ground, on the
sides of hills, the soil of which is peat earth, in Dartmoor, Devon-
shire. Mr. Newberry.] P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Plant nearly black, opake, prostrate, very much branched, Iana'tus,
matted together.

■> ,

Jacq.mlsc.u. 10. $-1)111. i^.R.

Resembling the L .pubescens, but much finer, nearly as fine as
hair, lefs rigid, nay rather soft, very much branched, decumbent,
black green, opake. Jacq. Two or 3 inches long. Branches
not comprefsed, blacker and more crowded than in the L . jubatus,
diverging in various directions, more branched and sub-dividing
into shorter and more numerous hair-like segments’, matted to-

\

v.

1

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL. Lichen. G. Somewhat crus -

taceous ; Thread-like.

43

gether. Dill. Branches sometimes swollen as if jointed. Can
these swellings ever form the fructification ? Mr. Griffith is satis-
fied that the L. lanatus and L. chalybeiformis are not distinct,
nor have 1 yet seen any specimens which can justify a different
opinion.

Rocks and stony places. In Cornwall. About Borth one
mile from Bangor, North Wales. Dill. — In the Highlands and
Lowlands. Lightf.— [On rocks on the sides of hills on Dartmoor,
Devonshire. Mr. Newberry. — Rocks about Llyn y Cwn, Car-
narvonshire, but never in fruit. Mr. Griffth.] P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Branches inosculating. Jacq . call. ii. 13. 6.

pnbes'cens. L Saucers olive colour, changing to tubercles : plant black,

shining, prostrate, very much branched, matted
together.

Jacq.mlsc.ii.g.y-Dlll.ij.32.

Very biack, exceedingly tender, resembling very fine wool or
rough silk. Linn. Allied to L. lanatus but smaller. Huds. Con-
sisting of fine threads, greatly branched, matted, shining, decum-
bent, very black. Jacq,. This elegant plant is not more than ■§■
inch high, spreading, without any proper stem; branches very
slender, interwoven like lace; divisions forked. Dill. Of a
black fuscous colour, but paler towards the extremities. Saucers
near the centre of the plant of an olive colour; very rarely found.
They are at first concave with an inflected margin, wrinkled when
magnified. They scarcely rise above the thread-like branches,
but at length the margins become reflected and the saucer more
elevated, afsuming the shape of a tubercle, about the size of a
vetch seed. The plant has not the polished appearance when in
fruit. Mr. Griffith From the specimens before me it would
seem that the plant in its younger state is quite black and polished,
brown black when older, losing its polish, and when very old
bleaching to pale brown and even to white. Linnaeus had given
the above figure of Dillenius to his variety of the L. islandicus
marked yy but Mr. Lightfoot after an examination of the original
specimen of Dillenius and comparing it with the figure, was de-
cidedly of opinion that Linne had been mistaken, and that it was
really the L. pubescens.

Rocks and stony places in Westmoreland. Huds. — -On Snow-
don. Dill. — Glyder Vawr, near Snowdon. Penn. — [Summit of
Carnedd Llewelyn, and Garn Davidd, Carnarvonshire. Mr.
Griffith.]

articula'tus. L. Tubercles flesh-coloured, rugged: plant pendent, crack-
ed and swollen. E . hot.

.

ICRYPTOGAMIA. ALGiE. Liclien. G. Somewhat crus- 49

<

taceous ; Thread-like.

E.bot. 258- CoLecphr. ii.83. 2 -Park .1312. 5-Dill. 1 1 . 4-//. 0 x .x v. 7 .
row the last , 1 i-Mich.^g, 1 .

Plant white ; 6 to 12 inches long. Stem thick, branches very
ong, terminating sub-divisions very fine, hanging down. Some-
imes smooth and regular, sometimes knotted ; the smooth branch-
s the finest, most flexible, and most sub-divided. Dill.

In woods on branches of trees. Wood near Stoken-church,
n Beech near Burnley, Lancashire, and on Hazel in Gattley
’ark, Herefordshire. Dill. P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. barbatus. Tubercles flesh-coloured, small, few : plant
1 indent, rather jointed ; branches thread-shaped, expanding.

Dill. 12.6

Two feet or more in length, branches not much thicker than
sewing thread, greenish-white. Not much branched, but the
.umber of threads together form a considerably large bush or tail.

These straight threads send out lateral fibres throughout their
vhole length, either simple or divided, standing out sideways,
lot pendent. Saucers few, rarely met with, small, flesh-coloured.

Dill. It is on the authority of Dr. Smith that we place this as
. va-r. of L. articulatus . L. barbatus. Linn. &c.

1 Branches of trees. Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, and near
lishop’s Castle. Dill. — Pine Forests, Scotland. Lightf.

Plant lemon-coloured, upright, very much branched, vulpi'nus*
branches nearly of a length, angular, angles unequal.

Jacq.misc .ii.to.q-F/. dan. 2 2 6- Dill, 1 3 . 1 6 .

Lemon-coloured; always upright. Stems at first smooth, cy-
indrical, almost orange ; paler with age, pitted, comprefsed, at
ength rough with a yellow farinaceous powder. Jacq. Grows
n clusters round the branches of trees, chiefly oak. Shrubby ;

(ranches divided and sub-divided, matted together in various di-
ections, not more than 1 or if inch long, cylindrical, thin, tender,
oft in wet, rigid in dry seasons, paler or deeper yellow, termi-
lating in short hair-like fibres. Dill. In winter it changes to a
lull olive green. Mr. Stackhouse.

Trunks and branches of trees. In a wood four miles from
Basingstoke on the road to Salisbury. Corsley Heath, Somersetsh.

\.bout Slingford, Sufsex. In Deu Park near Horsham, and Eridge
}ark near Tunbridge. Near Totteridge not far from Barnet,
fertfordshire. Dill. On Dartmoor and elsewhere in Devonshire,
nd frequent in Somersetshire. Huds. — [On apple and sycamore
rees in Cornwall, frequent. Mr. Stackhouse.] P. Jan. — Dec.*{*

f In Norway they mix this plant with powdered glafs, and strew it upon
read carcases to poison wolves. It dyes woollens yellow;

Vql. IV — D

> CRYPTOGAM! A. ALG^E* Lichen# H. Herbaceous •

plica'tus. L. Saucers grey green, radiated : branches pendent, thread-
shaped, waved, matted together.

Dill. 1 1 ,i -E.bot.2 5j-Matth.b2-Ger. 1 369, and 1 1 56.1-Matth.a.
C. B.6^.i-Lob. obs. G43.2. 583.1 , zV.ii. 242.1, and 1 55.1— Dod.
47i.2-G<?r. em . 155% and 1339-Park. 1312. i-J. B. i. G. 88—
Trag. 940, the right hand branch of the tree.

Branches thread-like, not very thin, matted together, unequal-
ly divided into other branches, the slender divisions fibrous, rather
stiff, grey. Saucers lateral and terminating, flat, or but little con-
cave, thin, grey above, brownish underneath, without any pro-
per border, but the edge fringed with radiating hairs. The old
plants are covered with a rough, whitish, warty crust. Dill.

Tree Mo/s. Branches of trees in thick woods, but rare. Wood-
cote Wood, Hampshire. A wood near Northwim, Hertfordshire.

P. Jan. — Dec.

flo'ridus. L. Saucers pale yellow green, radiated : plant upright,

branched.

Dicks, h. s. -Ho ffm.lich. 30. 2-C0I. ecghr.3 34.3 -Park. 1 3 1 2.3 -Ger. ,
1372. 6-Ger.em.i 560.5-Park. 1312. 2-//.WC.XV.7. row the last . .
1 4-Hafip.11. Lichen 3 -Dill. 1 3.1 3. A.-Mich. 39. 5-Knifih. 6.

Grows very like a shrub. Stem very short, blackish. Branches
wide-spreading, numerous, grey green. Saucers large, terminat-
ing, concave, smooth, fringed. Dill. Colour bluish green, the;
larger branches tawny, large for the size of the plant ; smaller
branches upright, cylindrical, thickly set with horizontal hair-
like fibres. Saucers large, terminating, slightly concave, pale
yellowish colour, sometimes an inch in diameter ; border fringed
with long radiating fibres, which sometimes also grow out of the
under convex greenish side. Hoffm.

Branches of trees, especially oaks. Dill. [Hele wood near;
Plymouth. Mr. Knappe. On stumps of old pear trees, Here-
fordshire. Mr. Stackhouse.] P. Jan. — Dee.,

H. Herbaceous .

farma'ceus. L, Saucers mealy, on the edge of the foliage : leaves grey

glaucous green, upright, comprefsed, branched.

V aill. 20.13,14,1 5-Dill . 2 3 . 63 , A , B , C. -Wale. No . 9 .

Short and hair-like when young (A); broader when older (B);

1 to 3 inches high, comprefsed, segments sometimes fewer and
broader (C), irregular, grey glaucous green, smooth, rigid. W arts

\

CR Y P TOG A M I A . ALG.T. Lichen. H. Herbaceous.

5*

on the edge of the branches, mealy, as is the whole plant, flat, or
rising, resembling saucers. Dill.

Trunks and branches of trees; whitest on the sloe. Dill.

P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Leaves broader. Mealy warts smaller, more frequent,
so that the edges become curled. Dill. 173.

Dill. 23.63. D.

Var. 3. Leaves broader, stiffer : Wafts larger, lefs frequent.

Dill. 173.

D///.23.G3. E .

See L. calicaris.

.> »

L. Saucers white, mealy, small : foliage grey white : leaves fucifor'mis.
nearly straight, even, rather velvety, branched; seg-
ments spear-shaped.

Dili. 22.61.

Leaves flat, thick, leather-like, rigid. Dill.

Found by M. Gofselin on rocks on the coast of Guernsey.

Dicks, iii. 17.

L. Leaves yellow green, ascending, lobed, edged with a Pinas'tri.
yellow curled and powdery border.

Ho > ffm.lt ch.'j. 1 , and enum. 22.2.

Grows in small roundish patches ; leaves £ an inch high, ra-
ther upright, lobed, the edges swollen. Surface often sprinkled
with black dots which under the microscope appear like fungous
tubercles. No saucers have hitherto been found. Hoffman.

On the bark of Scotch Fir trees. Dicks, iii. 18.

L. Saucers pale green grey ; lateral and terminating : calica'ris,
foliage pale grey green, upright, strap-shaped,
branched, pitted, convex, ending in sharp points.

Dill. 23.62-CW. eephr. i.334.2 -H.cx.xv.j. row the last , 5-Park.

1312. 4-Fl.dan.95g. 1 - Wale . No . 9- Vaill. 20.6.

Dillenius does not think this specifically different from the L .
farinaceus , and Mr. Relhan is of the same opinion. From 1 to
3 inches high, or more, variously branched. Leaves (or rather
stems) convex on one side, hollow on the other, with shallow ob-
long pits on each side, smooth, rather shining andstiffish. Saucers
small, lateral and terminating, concave, becoming flat, the same
colour as the plant, viz. pale greenish grey. The tops of the

D 2

\

\

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGiE. Lichen. H. Herbaceous.

52

branches end in hooked points, either upright or horizontal, which
is peculiar to this species and readily distinguishes it. Dill.

Rocks, and on the bark of trees. P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Tubercles hemisphaerical.

Plant simple greenish yellow white; solid, smooth; r or if
inch high. Tubercles yellow white; white within; terminating,
though there is often a small branch sent out from the base of the
tubercle, in nearly an horizontal direction. The plant though
smooth to the touch is not without some minute rising eminencies.

On a high Common at the Land’s End, Cornwall. May.

Endocar'pon. L. Tubercles blackish, like dots in the substance of the

plant, at length rising to the surface : leaf dark green,
thickish, minute; the angles rounded,

Hedw.stirp.\\.20.A.-Mich.5^.ord.o)§.%—DilI.§o.iQ)c(>.

L. trapeziformis. Dicks, and Bot. arr. cd. ii. Endocorpon pus il-
ium. Hedwig. On the ground on barren heaths near Croydon.

croca'tus. L. Saucers brown black, border like the leaf : foliage red-
dish yellow with yellow granulations: segments in-
dented, rounded, pitted.

Dicks.h.s.-Hoffm.lich. 38.1 .2.3-D///.34.1 2.

Foliage yellow and powdery at the edge. Linn. Leaf some-
what leathery, flat, somewhat wrinkled, divided into large seg-
ments, of different shades of yellow green, olive and reddish,
within always bright yellow, of the same colour underneath, but
covered with a blackish wool, with yellow dots interspersed.
Yellow balls disposed along the edge and often over the whole sur-
face in a chain-like or net-like manner. Saucers few, the border
thick, formed by a swelling of the leaf. Dicks,

Rocks in the Highlands.

prunas'tri. L. Saucers brown, white on the outside, on pedicles : foli-
age nearly white, quite white and cottony under-
neath ; pitted, rather upright.

Dill. 2 1 .^-Vaill.20. 1 i-Ger. 1 ^j.i-Kniph.12 .

Leaves white ; warts mealy. Saucers large, on foot-stalks, on
the edges of the leaves. Mr. Relhan ; who is now satisfied that,
his L. corniculatus is the same as the L. prunastri of Linnseus,
From 1 to 3 inches long, sometimes mealy, sometimes not ;
leaves and segments broad, flat, like stags horns, pale bluish
grey, hoary, or woolly underneath, by which and by its softnefs
h is readily distinguishable from every other species. Saucers on •

1

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGM. Lichen. H. Herbaceous.

plants which are shorter and lefs branched, fixed to the ends of
the branches, rather paler and whiter than the leaves, brownish
with age. Dill.

Trunks and branches of trees, on old willows it is softest, on
blackthorn whitest. Dill, P. Jan. — Dec.f

Var. 2. Narrow-leaved.

Dill. 2 1 .rg^-Vaill. 20.7.

> , •

Leave s tender, divided and sub-divided into narrow, oblong,
horned segments, smooth but not shining, upper surface convex,
under side hollow. Dill.

L. prunastri. (/3 Huds.) On dry half decayed branches of
Heath, on a moor 2 miles from Lippock, Hampshire. Dill. —

Trunks of trees and on pales. [Grows common with the L. pru-
nastri on trunks of trees. Staley bridge, near Manchester. Mr.
Bradbury.] P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Saucers brown, small : foliage pale and glaucous, de- glau'cus,
prefsed, lobed, smooth, curled and mealy at the edge.

Dill. 2 5. 9 6-Jacq. coll. iv. 1 9.2 -FI. dan.^gS-Ho ff'm.cnum. 2 o. 1 -H.
ox. xv. 7. me 4. 4.

• Leaves thinner than paper, of a mixture of white, ash-colour,
and sea-green. Linn. Leaves c ut and curled like those of Endive,
smooth and shining on both sides, pale sea-green, brown under-
neath, substance black. Edges of the segments of the leaves
mealy. Saucers small, brown. Dill.

On the ground amongst stones and rocks, and on heaths. On
Emmot1 moor near Coin, Lancashiie; and on Banstead Downs ;
near Moffat, and in Breadalbane. P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Saucers red brown, terminating: foliage sea green, fal'Iax*'
thin, jagged, white underneath,, with black spots.

Dill. 2 2 .58 -Hoffm.lich. 46.1,2 ,3 -Mich. 3 7 .

Differs from L. glaucus for which it may be easily mistaken,

?s follows. Segments diffuse, not deprefsed, white underneath,
lever black or brown. Saucers terminating, not generally scat-
ered over the surface of the leaves. Dicks. 13. Leaves several
'rom the same centre, a finger’s length, cut into a, few segments,
degantly fringed and finely cut at the edge ; fringe crisp, granu-
ated ; surface smooth, substance blackish. Saucers large, ter-
ninating, concave, wrinkled, reddish within. Dill.

Rocks in Devonshire.

f It has a remarkable property of imbibing and retaining odours, and
5 therefore the basis of many perfumed powders.

d3

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGyE. Lichen. H. Herbaceous .

54

islan'dicus* L. Saucers purplish brown, very large : leaves brown

green, ascending, the edges raised and fringed.

Jacq. coll. iv. 8.1 -Dill. 28.1 1 1 -Hojfm. Itch. g. 1 -Woodv. 20 5-Fl.
dan. 1 ^g-Blackw.^gg-Giseke §o-Mich.\\.\-Buxb.\\Xu 1 .

Saucers circular, very entire, placed on the leaf. Linn.
Crowded, connected, ascending, varying greatly in shape and
size. Leaves often several inches high, cut and divided, segments
remote, extremities ending in two short, blunt horns. Surface
smooth, shining, channelled, wrinkled, brown or pale green ;
edges turned in, fringed with stiff bristles. Substance membra-
naceous, soft, not easily torn; horny and stiff when dry. Saucers
on the ends of the broader lobes, but seldom at the extremity of the
plant or at the edges ; very large, fringed, purplish brown. Fringe
sometimes wanting. Hoffman.

On the top of Snowdon and Clogwyn y Garnedd in North
Wales, andonlyin small quantities. Dill. On many moun-
tains in the Lowlands and Highlands, on the Pentland Hills, on
Scrape near New Pofso, on Creg-chaillech in Breadalbane. [Be-
tween Bwlch las and the summit of Snowdon, but not in fruit.
Generally attached to the Br. hypnoides. Mr. Griffith.]-}-

Var. 2. Leaves narrower, the edges rolled in, the ends not
fringed. Dill. 212.

Dill. 28.1 1 2-Buxb.ii.6.2 ; 5. 3 and 4*

Pale green, whitish underneath. Segments slender, curled.
This is the plant in its young state when growing under heath
or other shrubs. Hoffman.

pulmona'rius L. Saucers red brown, mostly on the edges of the foliage :

leaves green, jagged, blunt, smooth; pitted; downy
underneath.

Hojfm. lich. 1 .2-Gars. 34 o-Dlll. 29.11 %-Mlch. 45. ord. 1 4 -FI. dan.
100 y-Matth. 1039 -Lob. obs. 647. 2, ic. ii. 248.1-00^.474.1-
Ger. em. 1565.1 -Park. 1 3 1 5. 1 -Ger. 1 375.1 —Matth. a C.B.'j^.
Il.-Fuchs.63j-Trag. 524-Lon.i. 21 g.s-H.ox.xv.j.rczv 4.1 . p.
6^^-Black-iv.^^^-Neck.meth.i .7, a target .

Targets grow upon the leaves. Linn. jl. suec. — Flat broad,
loose, irregularly lobed ; lobes indented, about an inch broad,
several inches long, cloven at the end, and lopped. Substance

t The Icelanders boil it in broth, or dry it and make it into bread,
rhey likewise make gruel of it to mix with milk; but the first decoction
is always thrown away, for it is apt to puree. It has lately got a reputation
for curing consumptive complaints.

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. Lichen. H. Herbaceous.

flexible, white and woolly within. Surface fine green, bluish
when dried, brownish with age, spread over with an elevated net-
work, with hollows in the interstices. Warts mealy, crowded, on
the edges of the leaf or on the rising edges of the net-work.
Saucers in the hollows, or at the edges of the leaves, facing ho-
rizontally, circular, 2-ioths of an inch diameter, often 2 or 3
together, brown red, or dark purplish. The plants with saucers
are not very common, but are chiefly to be found on the higher
branches of trees, in which situation also other Lichens, seldom
yet found with saucers must be looked for, as the caperatus, g/aucus,
saxatilis, &c. Hoffman.

Lungwort. Hazel Rag , or Hazel Crottles, North of Ireland.

Rags, Herefordshire. On the trunks of old trees, principally
oaks, in shady woods. On heaps of stones in moist shady places.

Ray. [Garn Dingle; Mr. Griffith. On Oaks in the New
Forest.] P. Jan. — Dec.f

L. Saucers red brown, scolloped, on fruit-stalks : leaves cilia
somewhat upright, segments strap-shaped, fringed.

Dicks, h. s.-Ho ffhi. ltch.§.$-Jacq. coll. i v. 1 3 . 1 -FI. dan . 7 1 1 - Vaill.

20. ^-Tourn. 32 5. 2. C-Wcdc.q-Dsll. 20.^5— Hedw.theorl 30. and
31.177, 1 78, 179, i8o-77.0*. xv. 7. row 4 »S.fig. next but one to
themargin.-Col. eephr. 1 .334.3 , the uppermost fig.- -Happ ,i. Lich.i.

Foliage strap-shaped, narrow, 1 or 2 inches long, variously
cut into pointed segments, fringed with blackish or self-coloured
hairs, so as to give a rough and almost prickly appearance to the
plant. When wet good green above, sea green underneath, but
whitish when dry ; smooth. Warts of the same, or a darker colour,
numerous, often crowded. Saucers on the upper branches and on
the stem, on short pedicles ; dark brown to black ; border the
colour of the leaves. Hoffman.

On trees, in woods common. P.

Var. 2. Warty. Large, without saucers, but thickly set with
small warts.

Dill. 20.45.Zj.

Mr. Griffith favoured me with a specimen of this which he
says he has watched for 10 years and it remains the same, only
encreasing in size. Branches and segments not unlike the horns
of a deer, and velvety like the young horns. Warts dark reddish
brown, very minute.

f It is reckoned very efficacious in consumptive cases ; this opinion
merits a further investigation. Woollen cloth boiled with it became of a
durable orange. Rutty. The people of Herefordshire dye their stockings
with it of a durable brown. Dill,

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL. Lichen. II. Herbaceous .

56

furfura'ceus. L. Saucers reddish brown: foliage greyish, prostrate, as if

sprinkled with bran ; segments acute ; pitted and
black underneath.

Hoffm.lich.g. 2-Buxb.11.jA and 2-Dill. 21 . 52-Mi ch.jfi. or d.\.\ .
Barr.i2jj .5.

Saucers , the edges frequently bent back, making them appear
convex. Mr. Woodward. I have never found a plant with
saucers. WEis.p. 66. Leyser n. 1 147. Mr. Newberry. Plant
expanding from a narrow base, more or lefs crowded and ascend-
ing : branches bent back, segments numerous, terminating in
brownish-pointed horns. Surface greyish, rough with a powdery
substance, often greenish; wrinkled and blackish underneath.
Saucers rarely seen, large, nearly hemispherical, brown red within,
placed on the surface of the larger branches. Hoffman. Leaves
often as if thorny at the edges, not rigid. Dill.

Trunks and branches of trees, and old pales. [Plentifully
on Wild Tor-Rock, a large rock five miles from Chagford, De-
vonshire, 'and also on many of the smaller rocks of granite there
about, Mr. Newberry.] P. Jan. — 'Dec.

tenel'lus. L. Saucers dark brown, nearly sitting : leaves grey green,

segments blunt, nearly upright, fringed, the ends
tubular when old.

Hojfm . lich. 3. 2 and 5- Dill. 20. 46 -Vaill. 20. 5-Mich.5o.0rd.2j
and 28.

Variously shaped, forming at first a small flat circle, segments
slender, sub-divided at the ends, grey white, greenish when wet,
more grey underneath. Surface sprinkled with minute black
dots, edges hairy. Other parts of the leaves swelling at the end
pour forth a greenish powder, the discharge of which leaves an
open cavity in the substance. Saucers on short foot-stalks, rare,
found on the plants with leaves hollow at the ends. They are
circular, brown or blackish, surrounded with a border the colour
of the plant. This species connects the leafy and tiled Lichens
with the leafy and upright. Common on stones and trees ; chiefly
the Willow and Blackthorn. Hoffm.

On most trees and sometimes on stones.

fraxi'neus, L, Saucers pale brown, on pedicles : foliage greenish ash-

colour ; straight, oblong, spear-shaped, pitted, smooth*
somewhat j igged.

Dill 2 2 . 5Q- Hoffm. lich. 1 8. 1 . 2—Tourn.^2 5. A,B.—Happ.iii. Lichen
6-lValc. No. g -H. ox. xv. 7. row the lastf 3 and 4 ; row 3.14-
Mich.56.1,

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGyE. Lichen. H. Herbaceous'. 5y

From r to 6 inches high, varying in shape, wrinkled or mesh
ed, with hollows on each side. Leaves of the younger plants,
lefs wrinkled, shorter, spear-shaped. Branches but few, rising
from one common stem, divided into several segments, terminat-
ing in pointed horns. Flexible when moist, more rigid and paler
when dry. Colour on both sides glaucous, or pale ash, yellowish
with age. Saucers very common, on every part of the plant, cir-
cular, concave, obtaining a pedicle from the substance of the
leaf, pale brown or flesh colour within. Hoffman. Saucers mostly
of a pale straw-colour, but sometimes of the same colour with the
leaf. Leaf greenish ash-colour, stiff.

Trunks of trees, on poplar, apple, &c. but chiefly on oak and
ash. , ' P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles pale brown, glofsy, on short pedicles : foliage scopulo'rum
pale green, straight, flat, glofsy, strap-shaped, a lit-
tle jagged.

LI. dan. 959.2.

Not L. scopulorum of Gmel. syst, veg. and Dill. 22. 60; for
that is L. fucoidesy not above an inch long, and has a velvety sur-
face ; this is 6 or 8 inches long, its surface quite smooth.

On rocks both in England and Scotland. Dicks, iii. 18.

L. Saucers brown, elevated ,* border green, leafy, curled: BuPgefsii.
leaves somewhat tiled, curled, gieen.

E. hot. ^oo-Lighif.26.1 . at p. 826 -Hoffm. enum. 21 . 1 .

Leaves thin, pellucid, dull green, clustered together so as to
form a thick cushion about as broad as the hand; smooth above,
finely downy beneath, purplish brown when dry and the under-
side hoarv. Dr. Smith; who discovered this rare species about
the Devil’s bridge, at Hafod in Cardiganshire, on trunks of trees.

See E. bot. p. 300.

It was first discovered on trunks of hazel and birch in Dum-
frieshire, by the Rev. Dr. Burgefs of Kirkmichael.

P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Saucers tawny : leaves glaucous, even, creeping, bear- glomuliPerus
ing dark green branched, tufted excrefsences.

E.bot. 29 3 -Mich. 4 G-Dlll . 26.9 g -Jacq. coll, i i i . g . 2 .

Lightfoot’s description very good, but the young saucers have
more the appearance ai first of warts than tubercles, being merely
risings in the substance of the leaves, with a small perforated
point in the centre. As these swell, the edges recede and the
disk is discovered. I have always seen the shields and balls on

CRYPTOGAMIA. AL QAi. Lichen. H. Herbaceous .

the same plant, and if it be true that these and the shields are dis-
tinct parts of fructification, the glomerula must be male and not
female, as Micheli, and after him Scopoli have supposed ; as
Hedwig has clearly proved the seed-vefsels and seeds to be situate
in the shields of such species as he has examined, from whence
analogy will certainly point them out to be so in all. Mr. Wood-
ward. Spreading in a circular form to a large size, greyish blue,
smooth and even, rough underneath and dirty white or brown,
with numerous fibres. Leaves solid, tough, rather leathery, vari-
ously and elegantly cut. Saucers the size of a lentil, reddish,
surrounded with a blue grey granulated border. Dill.

L. laciniatus, Huds. and Bot. arr. ed. ii. L. quercifolius . Jacq.
coll. L. laciniosus . Gmel. syst. veg. On the road between Carno
and Main Lloyne. Dill. [On trees on the great Island in Win-
andermere, and in the woods at Corby Castle, Cumberland. Dr.
J. E. Smith. On ash, sycamore, and oak, in the North West of
Devonshire. Mr. Newberry. About Cenioge House between
Llanrwst and Corwen ; also between Llanrwest and Capel cer-
rig. Mr. Griffith.] P. Jan. — Dec.

hete-vi'rens. L. Saucers tawny, edged with green : leaves bright green,

bluntly lobed and scolloped ; underneath whitish,
downy, veinlefs.

/ ■ * - - - ■

HoffmMchj.,io.2-E,bot.2§/±-DiU.2 5.g3-H.ox.xv.’j,roew 4.3.

Large as one’s hand, leaves tiled, roundish, variously cut,
broad, blunt, scolloped. Substance flexible, soft and herbaceous
when moist, but rather tough. Surface even, of a pleasant green,
deeper coloured when dry, and changing to grey, glaucous, or
brown. Underneath wrinkled, brown, whitish towards the mar-
gin, fibrous. Saucers numerous, large, mostly towards the cen-
tral parts of the plant, red brown. On stones as well as on trunks
and roots of trees. Hoffm.

L. herbaceus, Huds. Sec. On ash trees in Ireland, on stones
at Comb Floyd near Bishop’s Castle, and on oaks between Carno
and Mayne Loin in Merionethshire. What seems to be a variety
of it near Wakehurst, Sufsex. Dill, Near Ivy bridge, Devon-
shire, and in Yorkshire and Cumberland. Huds. — and Scotland,
not uncommon. Lightf. [On trees between Kendal and Bow-
nefs, and in many other parts of Westmoreland. Dr. J. E. Smith.
On ash, sycamore, and oak in the North West part of Devon-
shire. Mr. Newberry.] P. Jan. — Dec.

cape ra'tus. L. Saucers red brown : foliage pale green, wrinkled, waved

at the edge, creeping.

Di //. 2 5 . gj-Hojpn. li ch . 33. 1 ; 39.1 ; 42. i-Jacq. coll. iv. 20. 1-
Hojfm.enuTn, 1 9.2, and 2Q,2-M?ch,qfiti-H,ox,xv*j, row 4. 1 .

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. Lichen. H. Herbaceous .

56

I Not very leafy, sea green yellow. Saucers seldom found. Linn.

Circular in its growth, from i inch to i foot in diameter, the
small ones like a rose, the larger ones lefs regular. Leaves ob-
long, cut, terminating segments broadest, yellow glaucous green;
surface not pitted, but marked with oblong or oblique unequal
wrinkles, as well on the leaves as on the central crust. Saucers on
the larger plants, either pale flesh-colour, or the same colour as
the leaves. The whole plant sometimes mealy and bearing mealy
warts. Dill.

On stones, rocks, trees, pales. Jan. — Dec.*}*

L. Saucers tawny, very minute : warts mealy : foliage dull scrobicula'tus
grey green, deprefsed, roundish, pitted, slightly lobed
and scolloped.

Ho i ffmJich . i . i -DHL 29.11 \-Mkh. 49 . ord. 2 \-Jacq.colL\v. 18.2.

Leaves broad, flat, variously lobed. Lobes indented ; segments
rounded, blunt, sometimes scolloped. Substance not very thick,
flexible. Upper side sea-green, greyish in the hollows, grey or
whitish when dry, yellowish when old ; every part pitted or hol-
lowed. Warts mealy, on the borders of the pits, the edge of the
leafor the end of the lobes, solitary, scattered or crowded, the size
of a pin’s head, brownish with age, often perforated. Saucers
► rarely to be found, seated in the hollows, concave, border entire,
brownish, centre yellowish or reddish brown. Hoffm. Saucers
hemispherical, hollow, yellowish, tawny at the bottom. Huds.

Segments broad, blunt, moderately thick, rather stiff, with circu-
1 11 11 0 ily, granulated, partly on the

Lichen verrucosus. Huds. L.verrucarius. Gmel. syst.veg. T runks
and roots of trees, on large stones, and at the foot of rocks.
Among the pebbles at Cockbush on the coast of Sufsex. Rand. —
On large stones near Dolgelle, Merionethshire. Dill. On rocks
just above Great Malvern, Worcestershire. St. [Near Keswick,
Cumberland. Dr. J. E. Smith. On ash, sycamore, and oak in
the N. W. of Devonshire. Frequently growing on the same
trunk with L. herbaceous , lacinatus , and 1 ligrescens. Mr. Newberry.
Garn Dingle, and woods about Garthewin, Denbighshire. Mr.
Griffith.] P. Jan. — Dec.

f The people in the north of Ireland and Isle of Man, dye wool with it
of an orange colour. Serge dyed with it became of a lemon-colour, but if
previously infused and boiled in urine, of a rufset brown. It is probably
what the people in the north of Ireland call Stone-crottles , and which there
and in the Isle of Man, is used to dye wool of an orange-colour. It is also
called Arcelly from the resemblance it has to the Orckal in its use in dying.
Rutty,

6o

plum'beus

saturni'nus.

niva'lis.

Endivifo'lius.

P rOGAMIA. ALGgE. Lichen. H. Herbaceous ,

• L. Saucers brown red, bordered : leaves lead-coloured,
bluntly lobed ; blue and spongy underneath.

Dicks.h.s. -Lightf. 26, at p. 8 2 6-H0 ffm. enum. 2 1 . 2 -Dill. 24. 79-
Mich. 43, ord. 23.1.

Leaves when dry ash-co!oured or yellowish white, and in long
preservation the blue spongy hairs turn white. Lightf. Leave?,
the blue spongy hairs frequently extending beyond the edge.

brownish red, scolloped when old, their brims of the colour
of the leaves, Lightf. small. Leaves, the edges and vvootlinefs
on the under surface blue. Hods.

L. ccerulescens . Huds. p. 531. Trunks of trees. Near Pentir
and Bangor. Dill. About Bradford, Yorkshire. About Drum-
anrig, and in Barntimpenn Linn, about five miles from Moffat.
Dr. Burgess in FI. scot . [On the great island in Winandermere.

f. J. L. Smith. On trunks of oak, ash, and elm, Devonshire,
very common. Mr. Newberry. Gam Dingle, and about Liam
rwst, common. Mr. Griffith.] jan>. p)£c

L. Saucers dark brown red: foliage black green, membra-
naceous, lobes rounded, woolly and ash-coloured un-
derneath.

Dicks. 6.8.

Leaf deprefsed, somewhat plaited, slightly wrinkled above, of
a bluish or brownish blackish hue, very woolly underneath.
Saucers scattered, reddish or brown; border of the same colour
Dicks.

Trunks of trees, Scotland,

L. Saucers pale flesh-colour, terminating: foliage white,

ascending, jagged, curled, pitted, smooth Athe edges
raised, 0

FI. dan . 2 2 7 -FI Japp. 1 1 . 1 -Dill. 21.56.

. • Barely found in fruit-. Linnaeus describes the saucers as men-
i on ed above, but they are not exprefsed in his figure, nor in that
ot the FI. damca. Dillenius examined great quantities of this
Lichen, and found only minute dots like tubercles -on the extreme
edges of the segments, of a light reddish colour. These maybe
the rudiments of the saucers mentioned by Linnaeus.

Rocks in Scotland. On Ben Lawers, Dicks, iii.’ 17.

L. Tubeicies i eddish, on the edge of the leaves: foliage
yellow green, whitish underneath, twisted and curled*

Mich. 42.3.

1

CRYPTOGAMIA. AL GjE. Lichen. H. Herbaceous .

Barren heaths in Surry, and in Scotland; growing on the
ground. Dicks, iii. 17.

L. Saucers dark purple within, globular, inflated: foliage ampulla'-
rather flat, lobed, scolloped. ceus.

V •

Dill. 24.82 -Jacq. coll. 1.4.3 'C '-Ho jpn. lich. 13.2.

Segments, broad, short, finely scolloped, smooth on both sides,
brownish or purplish black. Saucers at the base or at the edge of
the leaves, very large, not hairy, like an inflated bladder, perfo-
rated at the top, wrinkled, greyish, within dark purple. Dill.

This very singular plant does not seem to have been found
since the time of Dillenius. The only known specimen was in
his herbarium at Oxford, but by something like slight ofhand, it
was transported to Germany, where it was purchased by Profefsor
Jacquin, and in whose pofsefsion it was seen by the late Dr. Sib-
thorpe, to whom it was restored by the Profefsor, so that it may
now be seen again in the Herbarium. It was drawn under
Jacquin’s direction, and this drawing has been copied by Hoffman.

On Emot Pasture near Coin, Lancashire. Richardson, who
sent a specimen of it to Dillenius. P, Sept. — Nov. Huds.

L. Saucers dirty red, sunk in the leaf, border broad ; foliage tenuis'simns,
brownish green, tiled, finger-like, with many clefts,

Dicks. 2.8.

Minute, and elegant. Leaves minute, brown when dry, of a
tendei membranaceous jelly-like substance, with many clefts at
the ends; segments strap-shaped, unequal, expanding, somewhat
fringed. Saucers proportjonably large, with imperfect borders,
the younger hollow, pitcher-shaped, on the surface of the leaves

and of the same colour, the older flat, sometimes convex, of a dirty
red. Dicks.

[On sand-banks, near Norwich. On dry sand banks usually
amongst mofs. Norfolk, not unfrequent. Woodward. Crib y
Ddescil, andCiogwyn y Garnedd. Mr. Griffith.]

L. Saucers pale yellow: foliage brimstone-colour, mealy, niembrana'-
'plaited and wrinkled, deprelsed. ' * ee us.

Dicks. 6. 1.

Leaf membranaceous, very thin, widely spread out, growing
closely to the ground, whitish, covered with a thin yellowish
mealmels, blacxv underneath. Saucers few, minute. Dicks

On rocks thinly covered with soil in the Highlands of Scotland.

CRYPTOGAMIA. AL GJg. Lichen. I. Root central.

Qi

conco'lor. L. Saucers reddish yellow : foliage yellow, leaves minute,

upright, crowded, curled.

Dicks, g.8.

Saucers few, scattered, slightly concave. Leaves 1 or 2 lines
long, paler yellow when young, darker with age.

On trees, and on old wood. Dicks, iii. 18.

Mr. Griffith is satisfied that this plant is nothing but the in-
termediate state between the L. candelarius and parietinus, which
he believes are the same species.

I. Root central.

Jacqui'ni. L. Tubercles bl'dck : foliage blue black, roundish, plaited,

curled, smooth ; brown and pimpled underneath.

Jacq.misc. ii.9.3.

Black underneath. Dicks. Leaves thin, tough, leathery,
circular, fixed to a central root, pimpled, lobed, curled. Tubercles
like targets, roundish, protuberating, sitting, marked with ser-
pentine or concentric lines. Jacq. misc. ii. 83.

L.fullus . Dicks. 1. and Bot. arr. ed. ii. Rocks on the mountains
of Scotland.

torrefac'tus L. Tubercles black: foliage brown black, wrinkled, reti-
culated and fibrous underneath.

, '3

Hojfm.lich.2.1 .2-D///.30. 1 1 8 -Fl.dan.Qj 1 .3.

Plant expanded, circular, 2 or 3 inches over; thick, rigid,
brittle when dry; edge indented, segments short, irregularly
scolloped, and ragged. Surface black, brownish towards the
centre, texture like leather, rough, tubercles black semi-globular
grains. Under side smooth, grey brown, reticulated with veins,
no root but in the centre. Hoffman. Targets black, oval, like
protuberating warts, wrinkled, Dill, or rather marked with
nearly concentric lines.

When Lichens consist of only 1 leaf, they must appear dif-
ferent from those that are complicated, but unlefs they invariably
are so, or differ in some more material respect, there can be no
good reason for considering them distinct. I have seen such
repeated instances of the imbricated Lichens being found with a
single leaf, and the umbilicated Lichens with many leaves, and
those so complicated that they may well be said to be imbricated,
that I am convinced nature is not limited by any such considera-
tions. On these grounds I am decidedly of opinion that L. pullus
Oi Dickson, and L. deustus of Hudson are the same plant, and
neither of them other than the L. torrefactus of Lightfoot, consist-
ing of one leaf. Mr. Griffith.

2

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG7E. Lichen. I. Root central.

L.polyrhoizos. Huds. Found in the same places with L. corneas.

Dill, On rocks and stones. On St. Vincent’s Rocks, near
Bristol. Huds. About Llanberris. Mr. Davies in Ft. angl. On
the Highland Rocks frequent. Light?. [On rocks in the moun-
tainous parts of J^artmoor* Devonshire, rare. Mr. Newberry.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles black: foliage grey brown, smooth on both deus'tus.
sides.

Vail l . 21.1 c^-Jacq.coll. iii . 1.3.

So brittle, that unlefs when moist, it cannot be separated from
the rocks without being torn. Linn.

Dr. Smith thinks that the plant ofDillenius, 30. 1 17, is the I..'
polyrhizos, and that Vaillant’s figure represents the true L. deustus
of Linnteus. See Smith’s tour. i. 104, but read Dill. tab. 30, in-
stead of 20. It seems to be very like the lets tiled and leafy spe-
cimens of the L. miniatus, except in the colour of the tubercles.

Mr. Griffith is opinion that the L. deustus and L. proboscideus
are the same plant, the former with a single leaf, the latter either
single or complicated, and has favoured me with the sight of an
instructive set of specimens which seem fully to support this idea.

See his observations under L. torrefactus.

L. Foliage black brown, smooth on both surfaces; edge anthra'cim
lobed, rounded.

Jatq.rfisc.

Root single ; central, foliage leather-like, but thin and silky ;
brown black, naked and smooth on both surfaces; in shape like
a lettuce; towards the edge plaited and curled. YVvlfen in Jacq.
misc.

On rocks in Scotland. Dicks, iii. ig.

L. Tubercles black, small : foliage ash-coloured, bluntly Dille'nii.
lobed, soft, pliable, thick, underneath brown black,
roughish.

D/7/.30.1 17.

Root single, short, like stone. Leaf circular, 1 to i^- inch
diameter, bluntly lobed, leather-like, thick, pliable, soft to
the touch on the upper side, neither polished nor hairy, ash-co-
loured ; underneath more or lefs rough, and grey, brown or
blackish. Tubercles small, black, a little raised above the leaf.

DrLL. This had been considered the same as the L. deustus of

- - • ■ - * * .i .

Linnaeus, but that species is brittle and smooth on both sides.

St. Vincent’s Rocks near Bristol. Darc, in Dill. — -About
Llanberris. Mr. Davis. P. Jam-Dec.

64

poJyjhi'zos,

pustula'ius*

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGiT. Lichen. I. LLoot central.

L. Tubercles black, numerous: foliage grey, consisting
of several leaves with an even surface on both sides,
but with numerous black fibres underneath.

JIojfmJich.2. 3 and %-Hall.enum. 2.4, at p. 91 ; hzst. 47. 4, aliu.p.
88-D///.30. 1 30, and 82. 5, a very large plant-Fl.dan.5gj .r .

Foliage more rigid and more upright than in the L.polyphyllus,
the edge iefs regularly scolloped, more black underneath, and
thick set with short black tendrils. In other respects resembling
that, and has like that dots upon the leaves, but more distinct.
Dill. Plant circular, expanded, thick, some inches over, edge
curled, irregularly nicked and scolloped. Surface wrinkled or
plaited, grey white, sprinkled with minute dots, sometimes
cracked, sometimes powdery, sometimes smooth. Under side
very black, closely set with short forked tendrils ; root central.
Hoffman. Fructifications numerous, black, and as Dillenius
describes them, “ surrounded with a margin and tubercled in the
centre.” Mr. Relhan. Besides the black fibres underneath, it
has a central root, which being broken off leaves the bare place
figured by Hoffman.

This last author doubts whether his be the plant of Linnaeus,
but I think without much reason. Dr. Smith says that L. polyr-
hizos and L. velleus are one and the same plant.

L. velleus. Huds. In the same places with L. polyphillus. Dill.
On rocks in the Highlands, Lightf. and Lowlands. Dr. Burgess.
Clark’s park and paradise near Money Musk, Aberdeenshire.
[Carnedd Llewellin, near the summit. On the top of a high hill
called Moel Shabod near Capel Cerrig; Caernarvonshire. Mr.
Griffith.]

L. Saucers black, flattish : foliage grey brown, consisting
of a single leaf, circular, slightly lobed, sprinkled
with a black bran-like powder ; pitted underneath.

Hoffm. lie h. 28.1 . 2-29.4-D///. 30. 1 3 1 -FI. dan. 597. 2-Mich. 47-
Vaill 20.9.

»•'* V i 1 ; .V • V' -

Root single, central, of a stony consistence. Leaf single, con-
cave, circular, 2 to 5 inches over, thin, membranaceous, lobes
broad, shallow, deeper in the old plants, covered with numerous
pustules, round ‘Of oblong, hollow, opening under the leaf. Plant
when wet brown green at the edge, leaden grey in the centre,
dirty yellow to blackish underneath. Substance white. Dill.
Saucers very rare, only found on the very largest plants, amongst
the pustules, circular, black, flattish; border thin, of the same
colour. Plant flexible when wet, brittle when dry. Hoffm. • •

On rocks with a south exposure under Keven Lees Castle, Rad-
norshire, and on a large mafs of rock on the right of the road

I

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Lichen. I. Root central.

from Penmorvay to Dolbdmen, Caernarvonshire. Dill. Near
Halifax, Yorkshire. Bolt, in Huds. — In Scotland. Light*.—

[Malvern Hills, Worcestershire. St.] P. Jan. — Dec.f

L. Tubercles black, perforated; foliage dull grey green, proboscide'us
lobes fringed.

HojfmJich. 44.1 *g -Hedw. stirp. ‘n.i .A-Jacta.misc.ii.g. 2-Dill. 2g.

1 1 6-Fl.dan.4-7 1 -Hall. hi st. 47 . 4 .

Leaves an inch' diameter, roundish, circular, unequally and
bluntly lobed at the edge, with a root from the centre, smooth un-
ierneath, here and there throwing out a fibrous root, above flatfish,

Dr somewhattwisted, ash-coloured, roughened with brown elevated
xunts. Targets scattered over the surface, black, very small,
pierced with a pore down to the leaf, with a broad flat edge. Linn.

Flat, extending every way from a central root. Deeply divided
■into lobes; irregular and curled at the edge. He d wig.. Root
stony. Leaves not more than an inch long; loose, broad., con-
cave, segments fringed, smooth on both sides, not shining, when
tvet pellucid like horn, dull grey green. Dill. Targets sitting,

>r on pedicles, convex, often marked with concentric circular
ines. Jacq.

» On the rocks called Llyn Llydaw, and near Llvn Cwm y
Ffynnon las; also on the tops of the mountains from Cwm Brwy-
log, towards Ardhu, near Llanberris; and on the highest rocks
>f Berwyn mountain, Derbyshire. Dill. Rocksonthe Highland
nountains. Lightf. [On rocks in the mountainous parts of
dartmoor, Devonshire, rare. Mr. Newberry. Summit of Car-
ledd Llewellin. Mr. Griffith.] P. Jan. — Dec;

Var. 2. Foliage complicated.

Specimen from J. W. Griffith, Esq.

Tubercles black, very minute: foliage greenish black, polyphyPlil'L
composed of several leaves, even on both sides, scol-
loped.

Dill.go.12g.

Leaves growing from a single stony root, lying in a circle,

;iled, inner ones the smallest, thin, smooth on both sides, neatly
colloped, rufset brown above, darker underneath. Dill.

On rocks and stones. On Snowdon, at Lin Llydaw rocks,
bout Llyn Cwm y f fynnon las, and on the tops of the mountain

f A beautiful red colour may be prepared from it. Linn.— And it may
e Converted into an exceedingly black paint;

Vol. IV— E

66

jninia'tus.

i

amphi'bius.

✓

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAS. Lichen. I. Root central.

m

Cwm Brwynog towards Ardhu, near Llanberris, Caernarvonshire,,
Dill. Rocks on the Highland mountains. Lightf. [St.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles red, small, globular* immersed ih the sub-
stance of the leaf: foliage pale yellow brown* tough,
leather-like, tawny underneath.

Jacq.coll.ii.l6,i , and iii. 2. 4- Jacq.mise.u. 10. %-Bolt. 1 3 1. C-Dill.
30. i2,j-Hall.enum, 2. 2. at p. gi, hist . 47. 2, at iii.p. 88-//.
dan.^2.i~Mich.^^.07d.^6. 1 .

Leathery, thick, tough, strong; firmly fixed to rocks by a
central root, irregular in shape, generally lobed, colour that of ;
coffee with plenty of cream added to it ; apparently scaly on the
surface, but they are small brown dots, turning blackish, under-
neath ochrey red. Shrinks and twists much in drying. Jacquin.
Leaves many together, outer ones by far the largest, waved at the
edge. Inner leaves crowded, edges turned down and indented so
as to have a wrinkled or curled appearance. Dill. Dots of the
colour of red lead. Mr. Woodward. The red dots are gelatinous
tubercles. Mr. Griffith.]

On rocks and large stones. [A rock at Ilam, Derbyshire, is
covered with it for several yards. Mr. Woodward. In a tower,
of Denbigh Castle, above the Goblin Well, also on Garreg-wen
rocks, near Garn. Mr. Griffith.] P. Jan. — Dec. ,

L. Leaves covered with numerous minute dots ; bright
green, changing to dusky olive ; coiled up like hol-
low cylinders.

FI Jan. 53 2 . 2 -Mich.tj^.ord. 36.1.

This plant in its first state consists of a number of fine tender mem-
branaceous pellucid green leaves, with waved margins which are.
elevated and bluntly indented. These leaves soon acquire a.
firmer texture, become opake, the upper surface changes to a.
bright green and the under to a buff-colour; lastly they turn to a.
dusky olive; the elevated margins are bent back, and the leaves
are coiled like hollow cylinders, and covered with numerous mi-
nute dots, which are the only fructification hitherto observed.
When moist it has a peculiar smell, not very unlike that of fresh

peeled oak bark. Mr. Griffith. ##

L. mini at us y var. (3. Lightf. Huds. and Bot. arr. ed. 11. [On.
rocks at Ilam, Derbyshire, mixed with L. minjatus. Woodw.
On stones near the lake called Llyn Idwrell, Caernarvonsh. and on
many of the stones under the water in the lake. Mi. Griffith.}

CRYPTOG. ALGiE. Lichen. K. Foliage Leather-like. 67

L. Tubercles brown, small, globular, immersed in th”sub- fluviat'ilis.
stance of the leaf: foliage brownish green, lobes blunt,
tiled, puckered and corrugated ; underneath reddish
brown, deeply pitted and strongly veined.

Ho 30 . 1 2 8-Weber.^.

Dull dark green above, and smooth. Ash-coloured, clouded,
wrinkled and pitted when dry. Sprinkled with brown wart-like
dots, in clusters. Saucers rarely found, few, circular, sitting,
reddish brown; border thick, the colour of the leaf. It has an
urinous smell. Hoffm. The saucers mentioned and figured by
Hoffman, seem to be only the tubercles in their most expanded
state of growth.

Platisma aquaticum. Hoffm. Itch. ii. p. 6 g. Lichen aquation.

Weis; Crypt, p. 77. L . Jluviatilis. Weber spicileg p. 265. The
fitr. of Dill, has been cited as the var. of L. miniatus. On stones
in rivulets. Near Perfeddgoed House, Bangor; and at Funnon
Comb y Goff, Radnorsh. Dill. muse. p. 225. [Found by Mr.

Griffith on stones, often under water in Llyn Idwell, Carnarvon-
' shire, who favoured me with specimens, observing that though
by most authors made a var. of L. miniatus, he thinks it perfectly
distinct.]

r

K. Foliage Leather-like.

L. Tubercles white, mealy, lateral: plant whitish, hoary, fucoi'des,
porous, much branched ; branches in bundles, cylin-
drical ; subdivisions awl-shaped, bluntish, short, near-
ly of the same height.

Dill. 22.60.

Has much affinity with L. fuciformis , in its tough leatherlike
texture, but it is distinguishable by many marks. Dillenius’s
figure was taken from imperfect specimens. Dicks. Narrow at
the base, branching, branches the breadth of a straw, 1 to 2 inches
long, greyish. Tubercles small, flat, mealy, on the edges and
sometimes on the surface of the leaves, whiter than the rest of
the plant. Dill. Barren segments acute; the fruit-bearing blunt.

Saucers concave when young, when old convex, shining, on short
pedicles. Retz.

L. scQpulorum. Retz. iv. 103, and Gmel. tyst. veg. Rocks in
the Island of Jersey. Dill. — On rocks and wood on the sea shore
near Gosport. Dicks.

L, Saucers blackish, sunk in deep pits in the leaf: foliage sacca'tu?
fine pale green, creeping, circular.

E2

68

CR YPTOG. ALGAL. Lichen. K. Foliage Leather-like.

E.bot.2M-Mich.52.ord.$z-Fl. dan. $$2.$-DilL$o.i 21.

Readily distinguishable from its having in place of a target a
sack hanging down from the lower surface. Linn. Leaves at
first disposed in a circular figure, but little cut, when oldci div id-
ed into bluntly scolloped lobes, thin, tender, smooth, fine glau-
cous green. Roots from the under surface, fibrous. Targets in a

hollow sack in the leaf. Dill. #

Chedder rocks not far from a subterranean river. On Snow-
don, at the rocks of Llvn Cwn y Ffynnon Veien, and about Ciog-
wyn y Garnedh. Dill'.— [About the mouth of Yordas Cave, near
. Ingleborough Hill. Dr. J. E. Smith.— Garreg- wen-rocks, near
Garn, Denbighsh. Crib y Ddeseil, Carnarvon. Mr. Griffith.]

cro’ccus. L. Tubercles brown, on the surface of the leaf; foliage

greyish green, flat, creeping, circular, veined and
saffron coloured underneath.

Hoffindi r/7.42 ,4,5, and 41.2. %-Jacq. c oil. iv.i 1.2. g-LitmJapp, 1 1 .
3-D///.30. i 20-Fl.dan.263 .

Leaves nearly flat, lying on the ground, roundish, narrower
towards the base, about an inch over, cut at the edge, lobes blunt,
sometimes entire, scolloped, 3 or 4 leaves forming a circle, but
not regular, colour grey green, deep yellow underneath, which
circumstance alone is sufficient to distinguish it. 'Targets flat,
biowrl, few, 1 to 2 lines diameter. Linn./« Dill.

On a rock near the top of Benteskerney, Breadalbane. Mr.
Stuart in FI. scot.— Rocks and stony places, and groves on
mountains near Money Musk, Aberdeen. Huds. P. Jan. Dec.

perla'tus. L. Saucers brown, somewhat scolloped, on fruits talks :

foliage grey green, creeping, lobed, smooth mealy7 at
the edge; black underneath.

* faeq.coll . iv. 1 o-Dill. 2 0.3 9- Ph;//. 2 1 . 1 2-Mich.$o.ord.2 4.1 -Barr.
1278.3.

I have examined thousands of plants without finding one with
saucers. Mr. Woodward. Blue grey, pitted, fringed. Saucers
large, glafs-shaped, on short pedicles, brown and smooth within;
border when old, cracked. Very common, particularly about
Oxford, on the trunks of oaks, but seldom found with saucers..

Trunks of trees and stones. [Scarce in Norfolk, but extremely
common in Hertfordshire, particularly on the smooth bark of
Beech, on which it grows with great regularity and beauty. Mr.
Woodward.] P* Jan.— Dec.;

/

69

CRYPTOG. ALGiE. Lichen, K. Foliage Leather-like

• i *

L. Tubercles reddish brown, oblong, terminating, foliage
ash-coloured, mealy, creeping, lobes blunt, woolly
and veined underneath.

Biackw.^b-Jacq. coll.iv.i i-Dill. 27. 1 oz-Woodv. 274-//. ox.
xv. 7, row 2. i-Fl.dan. 767.2- PW//.2 1.16.

Targets brown, underneath smooth and flesh-coloured. Llnn.
Leaves covered with a kind of ash-coloured mealinefs. Grows on
the ground. Leoves a span long, 1 or 2 inches broad, widening
as they grow out, lobes short, blunt, single or in strata, membra-
naceous, grey dull dirty green; woolly and veined underneath,
roots white fibres. Targets terminating, hard, solid, oblong, but
rounded, tawny, reddish brown. Dill.

Ash- coloured ground Liverwort. Woods, heaths, stony places,
and hedges. P. Jan. — Dec.

L. Tubercles red brown, egg-sfyaped, terrpinating, on pe-
dicles: foliage dull green, smooth, flat, lobed; divi-
sions finger-like ; underneath woolly and veined.

Jacy.coll.iv. 1 4.2 -Hoffman licb.q_.1~DlJl.28.10j.

Growing in tufts, divided into lobes 1 or inch in length,
►broadest at the end, the extreme lobes ending in numerous con-
voluted red brown finger-shaped targets, seated on pedicles. Sur-
face smooth, dull green, changing to greyish or red brown when
dry. Underneath veinous, downy, brownish. Hoffman.

L. caninus y Huds. &c. About Perfedclgoed House not far
from Bangor, Wales. Dill.

Var. 2. Shorter, thinner, more variegated.

Dill. 28.108.

Veiny and woolly underneath. Dill. 207. Shorter, thinner,
whiter underneath, more transparrnt and more variegated in its
:olours than the preceding. Hoffman.

L. caninus. $ Huds. &c. On Rumbles Mear, near Hehvick,
Yorkshire. Dill.

/

L. Tubercles and saucers purplish brown, horizontal, ter-
minating : foliage dirty dull green, egg-shaped, flat;
veined and woolly underneath.

Di chs. h.s.—Dill. 28.1 og-Hoffm.lich.6.2~Mich.qq.^. ^~Dill. 38.1 10.

At first small, circular, flat on the ground; when older raised
ip ; 1 or 1% inch over, oblong or egg-shaped, border divided into
1 few segments, but irregularly and obliquely. Surface green-
.sh, grey or brown when dry ; white and brown variegated under-

■

cani'nus.

♦

polydachylos,

veno'sits.

70

CRYPTOG. ALGiE. Lichen. K. Foliage Leatiier-like.

neath, with large veins, thick, woolly, brown, dividing at the
extremities. Root at the base of the leaf, wedge-shaped, short.
Targets at the end of the lobes, sitting, concave or convex, circu-
lar,^horizontal, dark brown purple. Hoffman.

Moist rocks under shady brows in several parts of Glenkiil
linn, and Glenkiil Burn, in the parish of Kirkmlchael, Dum-
friefshire. Dr. Burgess in fl. scot. 844. Moistish stones and
rocks about Dunkeld, Scotland. 1 • Dec.

aptWsus. L. Tubercles purple, or red brown, terminating: foliage

green, changing to brown, sprinkled with warts,
lobes blunt, not veined underneath.

Hoffm.lich.6. 1 -D///. 28 . \ob-Fl.dan.,]§r] . i-Jacq.coll. iv. 1 7.

Broader, shorter, thinner, and lefs brittle than the L. caninus.
Segments large, flattish, bluntly notched. Surface smooth, fine
green wThen young, grey brown when old. TFarts numerous,
scattered, blackish" Tubercles terminating, fine purple, or red
brown, egg-shaped, crooked, warty, on short pedicles. Roots
very long. Hoffman. Black brown underneath, woolly, not
veined, Whitening when exposed to the air; without radical
fibres. Dill.

Shady, stony, mofsy places, and on rocks. Dartmoor, Devon-
shire. ingleborough, Yorkshire; elsewhere in Yorkshire and
Westmoreland. Huds. At the foot of the Pentland Hills, Scot-
land. Mr. Yalden in the Fl. scot. 847. P. Jan. Dec. 7

ru'fus. L. Tubercles reddish brown, terminating: foliage dull
green, deeply lobed ; lobes blunt, the edges bent in-
wards, underneath woolly and with black fibres.

Jacq. coll.iv.i 5-D///.27 .1o3-.Mh-k44.0r d.i 2.2.

Leaves thicker, stiffer, smaller, narrower, and deeper cut
than in the L. caninus; the edges curled, the colour darkei,
not veined underneath, or very superficially so. Dill. In the
same places with L. caninus, and mo.re common. Dill. 204.
L. caninus. var. 0 Huds. &c.

fuligino'sus. L. Saucers rust coloured, flat, borders pale : foliage grey

green, creeping, indented, lobed, rough underneath,
pitted, and covered with a spongy down.

Dill. 2 6. 1 op.

t The country people make an infusion of it in milk, and give it to
children that have the Thrush. In large doses it operates by purging and d
vomiting, and destroys worms.

11

CRYPTOG. ALGJE. Lichen. K. Foliage Leather-like.

Ash- coloured sea-green, tinged of a lurid colour, yellowish
underneath, with white hollows. Dicks. 13. Leaves soft, ten-
der, wrinkled and pitted above, and strewed with a sooty-like
powder ; woolly and spongy underneath, with here and there a
white hollow, but no fibrous roots. Saucers few, small, flat, rust-
coloured, with a thin pale border. Dill.

Growing always upon Mofs, and not directly attached to the
substance on which it appears to grow. At the foot of Mount
Cader Idris, near Dolgelle, in August. Dill. [In woods on
the branches of trees. Dicks. On trees near Ambleside. Dr. J.

E. Smith, On Crib y Ddescil. Mr. Griffith.]

L. Saucers rust-coloured, large, facing downwards : foliage resupina'tus.
brown green, creeping, lobed.

Dill, 2 8 . 1 05-E. bot.%05-Fl.dan . 7 6 ^-Mich.^.ord. 1 3.2 -Jacq. coll.

iv.i 2.1.

. V . h •' ...

Readily distinguishable from L. caninus from the targets aris-
ing from the side of the leaf next the ground, and their being
smaller. Linn. Substance thin. Lobes bluntly scolloped, brown
lead-colour, grey and whitish underneath, neither woolly nor
fibrous. Targets numerous, varying in size, rust-coloured, fixed
to the lower side of the leaf. Dill.

Trunks of trees, rocks, stones, on pebbles on the sea shore,
and on the ground in stony places. [Garn Dingle. Mr. Grif-
FitH.] P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Substance yellow when broken.

This variety was found by Mr. Griffith on dry rocks about;

Garthewin, who observes that it only differs from the preceding
in its yellow colour when broken.

t

L, Tubercles reddish, at the edge of the leaves ; foliage scuta'tus.
grey green, creeping ; lobes many-cleft, curled,
naked and veinlefs underneath.

Jacq.coU. iv.18.1.

Leaves leather-like, tough ; lobes curled like endive. Jacq.

On the bark of trees in Scotland. Dicks, iii. 18.

JL. Tubercles brown red, oblong, small, terminating : foli- sylva'ticus.
age dull brown green, warty, creeping, pitted, jagged.

Dill. 2J.IOI-Hoffm. licl.q..2-Jacq. coll. \v.\2.2-Mich.\%.ord. 1 r ,
too broad , the ends of scene represented as fringed.

Large, lying on the ground, margin raised, irregularly divided
into segments, which are lopped and angular at the ends. Sur-

GRYPTOGAMIA. AL GJE. Lichen. L. Gelatinous .

face dull brown green, red brown when old and dry, blackish at
the ends, pitted, rough in the rising parts with minute black
warts. Underneath spongy and woolly. Substance tough, flexi-
ble, greenish or dirty white. Targets few, at the end of the
narrowest segments, small ; oblong, or roundish, brown red.
Hoffman.

In shady woods at the roots of trees. In the wood called En-
field Chace, near Southgate, Middlesex, near Dolgelle, Merio-
nethshire, Lucton Valiet, Herefordshire. Dill. Glen Eawood
and other places about Kirkmichael, Dumfrieshire. Burgess in
FL scot. P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Above of a fine green, the edges a little curled, and
powdered with a bright yellow meal. Mr. Newberry.

[On ash, sycamore, and oak in the North West of Devonsh.
Mr. Newberry.]

liorizonta'lis L. Tubercles tawny red, horizontal, terminating : foliage

brown green, flat, creeping, edges white ; under-
neath brown, not veined.

Jacq. coll, i v, 1 6 -Dill. 28.104 -Mich. 44. ord . 1 2 . 1 and 6- FI. dan. 533
a distorted , and 765 a decaying specimen.

Leaves variously divided into lobes, thin, not rigid, dull
brownish green, brown underneath, but white at the edge, fibrous
roots blackish. Targets egg-shaped, flat, on the edge of the
leaves, yellow red. Dill.

Enfield Forest. Dill. Moist rocks and stones, and at the

roots of trees. Huds. ' P. Jan. — Dec,

'

L. Gelatinous •

* . ,

Tremel'Ia. L. Saucers red brown, numerous, minute: leaves dark

green, somewhat transparent, curled, slender, jagged.

Dill, i Q. 31-Jacq.coll.nl. 1 1 . i-H.ox.xv.’j. renv^ . y-Mich. 3 8 . 0 nf . 3 ;
too large.

So brittle that it can scarcely be separated from the plants to
which it adheres. Linn. When dry becoming of a slate colour.
Saucers very minute; numerous, reddish. Ligttf. Saucers of
the size of turnip-seeds, circular; border sea-green, nearly en-
tire; the disc' flat, tawny. Huds.* Adhering to mofs and fine
grafs on heaths. Leaves to 1 inch, flatfish, variously cut into
segments, fringed and curled at the edges ; thin, pellucid, glau-
cous brown green. Dill.

Tremella Lichenoides. Linn. Shady places on stones and trunks
of trees, intermixed with Mofses. [On moist shady banks and

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Lichen. L. Gelatinous.

73

thatched houses frequent, but seldom with saucers. Mr. New-
berry. Garn Dingle. Mr. Griffith.] P. Jim. — Dec.

Var. 2. Lightf. Dill. ig. 32.

More blue than the preceding, lefs jagged, but the divisions
deeper, bearing small tubercles of a flesh or reddish brown co-
lour. Dill.

Var. 3. Lightf. DHL ig.34.

Saucers extremely numerous, sitting on the sides of the leaves,
scarcely distinguishable by the naked eye, reddish ; borders regu-
lar, of the same colour with the leaf. Mr. Woodward. Grows
densely crowded, but rather upright ; the outer leaves lefs so,
thin at the ends, larger than the central ones, deep green with a
purplish cast; segments broadish, thin, flat, rather gelatinous,
the ends very finely scolloped. Dill.

Footscray Wood, Kent. [Sandy banks, but not commonly
fo.und with saucers. Mr. Woodward.]

Var. 4. Lightf. Dill. ig. 35.

In little dense tufts, upright, rather gelatinous, darker than
the preceding, almost black. Leaves very short, very fine, seg-
ments capillary. Dill,

Footscray Wood and Darking. [SummitofCarneddLlewelyn.
Mr. Griffith, who doubts whether it be not more properly a
Jsyfsus. Much more branched than the Byfsus nigra. Dill. 1. 18.]

L. Saucers chesnut colour, mostly terminating : foliage
brown chesnut : leaves tiled, smooth, jagged, ascend-

ing-

Hojfm. emim. 1 j.i-Hedw. stirp. ii.2.

Tough and gelatinous when moist, brittle when dry ; paler
underneath; white within. Hedwig.

Mountains in Scotland, on stones. Dicks, iii. 18.

L. Saucers tawny, concave ; leaves dark green, tiled,
roundish, scolloped, roughish.

FLdan./fi2.\-DilL\q.2^-Jacq.colL\u.io.2.

Grows in a circular form. Leaves variously jagged, lobes
blunt, ear-shaped in the middle part, with numerous fleshy shin-
ing globules in the hollow part, of the colour and substance of
the leaves. Dill.

Closely adhering to the gravel and pebbles of the walks of
Oxford Physic Garden. Dill. [On a wall near Kirkby Lons-
dale. Dr. j. E. Smith. Garregwen rocks. Mr. Griffith.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

*

sepin'cola*

granula'tus*

GRYPTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Lichen. L. Gelatinous,

cochlea'tus. L. Saucers brown red : foliage dark green, membranace-
ous, plaited, lobed.

Dicks. 2. g.

Leaves concave, the edge bluntly lobed, plaited when dry,
between ash and lead-coloured, when moist dark green. Differs
from L. Vesfcrtilio in the edges of the leaves being elevated and
concave, in being of an ash-lead colour when dry, the saucers be-
ing larger and not crowded. Dicks. The young saucers have a
border of the colour of the leaves, and are sunk into the foliage.
The plant has the gelatinous texture of the L. granulatus, and
is not distinct from it. The L. granulatus varies without end :
when it grows on mofs it is a very large thick-leaved gelatinous
plant. I have found specimens 4 or 5 inches in diameter and
i-ioth of an inch thick. In this state it bears only shining fleshy
globules, as described by Dillenius, which are the rudiments of
young plants, and when separated from the mother plant take
root, and being removed into a flower pot placed in a moist place
they become perfect plants. Mr. Griffith.

Woods at the roots of trees, Devonshire. Mr. Slater. York-
shire^ Mr. Curtis. [About Garn very common. Mr. Grif-
fith.]

palma'tu3. L. Saucers tawny : foliage purplish sea-green, pellucid,

rather gelatinous, tender, somewhat hand-shaped and
scolloped.

Dill. 1 9.30* V call . 2 1 . 1 5.

Grows clofely crowded and tiled. Leaves very tender, pellu-
cid, rather gelatinous, very much cut, segments ending in 2, 3,
Or 4 horn-shaped teeth, dull brown, or purplish green, convex
above, concave underneath. Dill. Black and very brittle when
dry. Dillenitts has neither figured nor described the saucers, nor
have I seen any plant in fruit. The colour of the saucers is
therefore mentioned upon the authority of Hudson, but Mr.
Griffith thinks that his plant was only a crowded variety of L.
cristatus with palmated leaves, not uncommon in North Wales.

Heaths and trunks of trees among mofs. A. Sept. — June*

iiigres'cens. L. Saucers tawny red, crowded, wrinkled : leaves black-
ish green, roundish, lobed, wrinkled.

Dicks, h. s.-Hoffm, lich. 37. 2 , 3-D///. 1 9 . 2 Q-Jticq. coll, iii.io. 3-
Buxb. 1.61.3.

Leaves jelly-like, expanded in a circle, resembling a bat’s
wing; sometimes destitute o| saucers, and covered with numerous
small tubercles: lobes very blunt. Saucers near the centre of the
leaves. Lightf, Leaves broad, flat, between scolloped and lobed,

1

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG.dE. Lichen. L. Gelatinous .

‘ * * » ■ '

in substance as well as colour much resembling a bat’s wing,
sometimes covered in the place of saucers, with granulations o
the same colour as the leaf. Saucers very numerous, minute, at
first appearing like tubercles of the same colour with the leaves,
with a slight hollow at the top; afterwards expanding, and at
length flat ; border of the same colour with the leaf. The pro-
gress from tubercles to saucers shews that there exists no absolute

distinction between them. Mr. W oodward.

L. Vespern!io. Lightf. 840. Trunks of trees, rocks, stones
and walls. [In two or three places near Bungay, in fruit, on old
willows and elms. Mr. Woodward. About the bodies of old
oak, ash, and sycamore trees near Holsworthy, Devonshire,

abundantly with innumerable shields. All. Newberry.]

■ A. Oct. — June.

L. Saucers red, larger than the leaves: leaves tiled, fring-
ed with teeth.

1

Dill, i g . 2 6~Jacq. coll, i i i . 1 2 . 1 .

Leaves , their crested appearance best observed in the young
plants. Saucers sometimes very large and confluent. Mr. Wood-
ward. Leaves glaucous green, crowded, tiled, thick, flat, cut at
the edges into many shallow segments. Saucers at the base of
the leaves, very broad, scarcely concave, brown or reddish brown
in the centre, border the colour of the leaves. Dill.

Rocks, stones, walls, and shady stony places. [On the ground
Air. Woodward. Near Garn. Air. Griffith.] A. Oct. — July.

L. Saucers fine green, brown when dry, very small : foli-
age fine sea green, pellucid, somewhat gelatinous,
rounded, indented, scolloped.

Dill. 1 9*33-

Much crowded in its growth. Leaves short, broadish, flat,
spreading, thin, pellucid, somewhat gelatinous, cut into segments,
finely scolloped at the ends ; outer leaves the largest. Saucers
small, fine sea-green like the leaves, more conspicuous in the dry
plant because changing to brown. Dill. Saucers on the disk of
the leaves ; borders blunt. Air. Griffith.

Rocks, stony and shady places. Near Wigmore, Herefordsh,
and Ashburton, Devonshire. [On the rock at Dumbarton Castle,
Scotland. Dr. J. E. Smith. On a stone wall at Chagford, De-
vonshire, between the town and parsonage, but without shields.
Mr. Newberry. Rocks about Garn, common. Air. Gr iffith.]

. . A. Sept. — July,

crista'tus

f *

sinua'tus

7^ C R YPTOG A M I A. ALGA* . Lichen. L. Gelatinous.

fascicula'ris. L. Saucers dirty green and concave when young, reddish

and turban -shaped when old; terminating; leaves
black green, hand-shaped, nearly upright.

FI. dan. 462.2 -Jacq. colt, i i i . 1 1 . 2-Dill, 1 g . 2 7 .

Root-leaves minute, and like the whole of the plant of a glpfsy
jelly-like appearance, resembling a Tremella. Tubercles in clus-
ters, large in proportion to the leaf, numerous, mostly on fruit-
stalks, lopped at the end, surrounded with a blunt border. Linn.
Observable in October and November, forming roundish raised
substances, with numerous tubercles rising from fleshy leaves in-
terlaced and connected. Leaves examined separately, pellucid,
dirty green, not of an inch long. Tubercles at first small, con-
vex, the colour of the leaves ; when larger, flat, or a little hol-
lowed. Dill. 6

Woods and garden walks. Dill. Trunks of trees and stones,
Huds. Shady places on the North side of trees, particularly ash.
Dr. Burgess. [Ash trees in bleak situations, about Nant Glyn.
Denbighshire. Mr. Griffith.]

Dillenius remarks that it exists at all seasans of the year, but
dries up like a Tremella so as only to be found in wet weather.

cris'pus. L. Saucers blackish green, changing to red brown ; scol-
loped : leaves tiled, lobed, lopped, scolloped.

Dill .19.2 3- Jacq . coll, i i i . 1 o. 1 .

Distinguishable from L. enstatus by its being more curled and
lefs jelly-like, the lobes of the leaves being round, blunt, and
not divided as in L. cristatus. Mr. Woodward. Leaves dark
green, rather thick, divided into broad shallow lobes, innermost
leaves smallest, curled. Lobes blunt, scolloped in the summer,
hardly perceptibly so in the spring. Saucers dark green, lying
flat on die leaves ; border granulated. Dill.

Shady places on stones and at the bottom of walls.

rupes'tris. L. Tubercles blackish green, roundish: foliage dark green,

gelatinous ; lobes oblong, thick, blunt.

Dill. ig. 22.

Gelatinous, dark g-een, somewhat transparent, prostrate,
wide-spreading, rather slippery, without roots but adhering to the
soil. Tubercles roundish, gelatinous, dark green. Blackish
and shrinking when dry, so as hardly to be found, but swelling
again when wet. Jacquin. Gelatinous, brown green; rigid.
Segments lobed, blunt, oblong, thick, surface not wrinkled.
Tubercles rare, dull brown green, globular or flat; in the extremi-
ties, or on the disc. Dill. L. sue marginal is. Jacq. coll. iii. 132.

Marston near Oxford.

I

/

CRYPTOGAM1A. ALGAI. Lichen. L. Gelatinous.

L. Saucers globular, hollowed at the top, blackish green :
foliage blackish, gelatinous, convex, lobed, some-
what scolloped.

Dill, 19.28.

Fixed by the centre. Leaves or shoots variously divided, con-
vex above, concave below, the ends with small indentations ;
hardish, gelatinous and pellucid when viewed against the light,
dirty green, black above when dry and grey underneath. The
leaves are proliferous, but not jointed. Dill. Not L. jhiviatilis,
Gmel. syst. veg.

On stones under water in alpine rivulets. In a stream coming
out of Malham Cove, Yorkshire, and in the rivulets on Snowdon.
Dill. [On stones in the river Elwy, about half way from the
ford opposite the cave to Pont-newydd, four miles from Denbigh.
Have but lately found it in fruit. Mr. Griffith.] P. Jan.-Dee.

TREMEL'LA. Substance gelatinous, transparent, uni-
form, lobed.

Seeds dispersed through the jelly-like substance.

Obs. It differs from the Gelatinous Lichens in having neither
Tubercles nor Saucers.

Tr. Whitish; sitting, jelly-like, of various shapes. Huds.

565*

Leaf sometimes with a tinge of sea-green, and yellowish, some-
what wrinkled, solid, semi-transparent. Huds.

On the half rotten, fallen, branches of trees, in thick woods.

A. Sept. — May.

Tr. Grey; white within ; sitting, membranaceous, laby-
rinth-like. Dicks. 14.

Act, nov. Holm . dan.p, 286./. 1.

Becomes hard when dry. Dicks.

On rotten roots of Allium Cep a; A.fistulosum , Sec.

Tr. Ash-coloured; sitting, bent back, the edge curled,
between indented and lobed. Batsch: cont . i. 197.

Batsch 26. 137.

vVhen young circular or oblong, and more closed ; when fully
grownmore expanded and irregular, when past maturity irregu>

77

fluvia'tilis.

al'bida.

APlii.

cine'rea.

%

78

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. TremcIIa.

larly cushiondike with a pit in an imperfect disk, the edge with
small lob'es ; lobes short, broadish. Edge between the elevated
lobes between deprefsed and indented, and therefore appearing
curled. Substance horny or semi-transparent, ash-coloured, when
moistish the whole dark, but white when it begins to dry, and
when dried membranaceous dirty white. Batsch.

Peziza cinerea , Batsch. Inside of decayed willows and stumps
of trecs- A. July, Aug.

adna'ta. Tr. Livid; round, tiled.

Adheres closely by its whole substance to rocks ; has the ap-
pearance of the Agarics which grow on trees, but is nearly mem-
branaceous. Linn. suec. n . 1143.

Rocks and stones on the sea shore at low water. P. Jan.-Dee.

arbo'rea. Tr. Black brown ; sitting, roundish, waved. Huds.

Bull. 4 2 q~DW. i o, 1 5~Jacq. coll, iii .12.2 -FI. dan. 885.3.

When fresh nearly transparent, with a blackish hue, which
increases as it decays. It is very much wrinkled, the wrinkles
when in a -state of perfection fringed with fine whitish hairs. Mr.
Woodw. A membranaceous gelatinous substance, dull brown
or reddish black, quite black when dry. Flat underneath;
above raised irregularly into veins, and set with black tubercle-
like dots. Dill. 54. — Waved and plaited, thick, pulpy, jelly-
like after rains, never membranaceous; destitute of hairs. Hall.
hist. 2038.

Var. 2. fusca. Semi-transparent, brown.

Bull. 406. B.

The plant occupies an irregular circular form, from 1 to 2
inches diameter. Substance like a stiff jelly of a dirty brown
colour, divided down to the root. Lobes waved, plaited, 3-ioths
of an inch broad, about i-2oth of an inch in thicknefs. When
soaked in water it gives out freely to the water a colour like that
of the deepest Madeira wine.

On the broken branch of a Hornbeam, on the pool dam,
Edgbaston Park. 26th June, 1792.

Witches Butter . Trunks of trees. [Common on fallen wood
and dead sticks, in woods. Mr. Woodward.] A. Sept.-May.

sarcoi'des. Tr. Red purple, either lobed, plaited and curled; or he-
mispherical, or club-shaped, or approaching to fun-
nel-shaped.

and 324-Jacq.mzsc .11.22-Batsch. 53.

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGM. TremelJa.

Grows in clusters. Stem sometimes very distinct, £ of an
inch high, supporting a kind of convex pileus 3-8ths of an inch
in diameter, with a dimple in the centre. Whole plant of a fine
reddish purple ; gelatinous and semi-transparent.

On rotten wood* ' Nov. to April.

Tr. Dark pinky red: gelatinous, stiff; globular but com-
prefsed: surface roughish.

!?«//. 455. 2.

Very small, growing in clusters, otherwise a single plant
Would hardly be distinguished by the naked eye. First men-
tioned as a native by Mr. Relhan, who found it on Hinton Moor,
growing on mofses, and other herbaceous plants. Bulliard says
it particularly affects to grow upon the Hypnum sericeum.

Tr. Tawny, velvet-like, tooth-shaped. Dicks, 14.

MlchM.^-Gled.i. Clam aria /.6.

Growing in clusters. Substance when fresh, jelly-like, strap-
shaped, lopped, more than an inch long. Dicks. An inch high,
orange-coloured, gelatinous, pulpy, in clusters, simple, awl-
shaped, but comprefsed, rather pyramidal, or with 2 horns ; some-
times with blunt teeth a: the sides. When dried leathery but
brittle, opake, darker coloured, recovering its former appearance
when soaked in water. Seeds an orange-coloured. dust which it
throws out as it dries. Jacq. coll. ii. 174.

T, juniper ina according to Web. 277, but it does not accord
with the description in the FI. lapp. Dicks.

On living branches of Savine. April.

Tr. Deliquescent: yellow, changing to orange red; sit-
ting, lobed: lobes few, blunt.

Bull. 455.3.

In clusters; each plant about i-ioth of an inch over.

On timber. Nov. — Feb,

Tr. Golden yellow; sitting: twisted into manifold plaits.

Bull.^oG-Sterh. 26, the four figures in the right lower corner— Vaill •

1 A.q-Schtejf.i 68. 1 ,2.^-Jac^.misc. 1 .1 3.

Onthe deadbranchesof trees. Gelatinous, tremulous, pellucid,
smeared with a viscid moisture ; white when young, changing to
yellow. Horny when dry ; growing in irregular patches. Jacq.
Golden yellow, changing to tawny when old ; variously plaited
and wreathed. Schaffer, iv. p. io3.

2

cinnabari'na*

Sabi'nx,

deliqucs'cens

mesenter'ica.

8o

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGSE. Tremella.

T. juniperina. Huds. 562, according to Mr. Dickson, p. 14.-— •
not the T. junip. of Linn. Mr. Woodward.

On the Common Juniper, Ulex Europueus, and Spartium scopariuni.

A. Sept. — May. Huds.

On rotten wood. Autumn. Dicks.

I

Nos'toc. Tr. Olive coloured ; plaited and waved.

B till . 174; and 1 8 4 -Dill, 1 o . 1 4 -Mich, 67.1 -FI. dan .885.1 -Gars.

393* c*

Greenish or yellowish. Sub-gelatinous, consisting of several
leaves variously lobed and waved, slightly adhering to the ground
by a central root ; the substance very thin. It varies in colour,
but is usually some shade of olive. Mr. Woodward. Thin,
skinny, dark brown and brittle when dry. Dill. Micheli de-
scribes the seeds as lying in the form of little strings of beads
coiled up within the folds of the plant, and only to be discovered
in the microscope. — It is supposed by the country people to be
the remains of a meteor or falling star. It has lately been afsert-
ed that this is of animal origin, but without sufficient reason.
After very severe frost I have frequently found a gelatinous sub-
stance, which from a carelefs observation might pafs for a Tre-
mella, but it is the remains of frozen frogs. This substance does
not shrivel up in dry weather as the Tremella does, nor is it
plaited and waved; and generally some of the bones of the
frogs ihav be found in it. After the severe winter of 1789,
I found great quantities of these on the edges, and in the water of
ponds.

Star-slough. Meadows and pastures after rain, and gravel
walks [Frequently on gravel. Mr. W ooow.J A. Jan. — Dec.

granula'la. Tr. Green, spherical, clustered, containing a fluid. E.bot.

E.bot.^z^-Fl.dan.’jo^-Dill.io. 1 7.

Front a greenish mucilaginous ground, of no determinate
figure, arise little heads, crowded together, green, at first sitting,
but when older supported on short pedicles. These heads are
globular, hollow, filled with a watery fluid* When this fluid is
wasted by the heat of the sun, or lost by the bursting of the heads,
the top of the globe subsides, and seems hollow, or as if cut off.
Skin of the heads thin, shining* when ripe changing to grey and
then to whitish. Dill. 55*

Sides of ditches and in dried up ditches between Newington
and Hackney. Dill. About Charlton, Kent. Huds. Near the
edges of ponds and ditches on the road to Histon, Cambridgeshire.
Relh. supph 1. 26. n. 10334 A. Oct. — May.

>

CRYPTOGAMIA, ALGiE. Tremella.

Tr. Green, sitting, tubercled ; tubercles hollow.

DHL i o. 1 6-Mich.6j.2.

Spreading widely over rocks and stones' under water, greeil,
stiffish, brittle, \ to 2 inches thick, rather shining, sometimes
smooth. Tubercles hollow within, from the size of a pea to that
of a hazle nut, Huds. m. 6. Dull green, variously folded in the
central part, dilating when immersed in water into various hollow
bags. Dill. 54.

Onstones and rivulets about Peiitir and Llanberris. Dill.
Mountainous rivulets in Westmoreland and Cumberland. Near
Tideswick, Derbyshire. P. Jan. — Dec.

-i • < • •

Tr. Dark green, tender, curled; growing on the ground.

DHL 10.12.

Very thin ; of a fine green colour. Expanded on, and slightly
adhering to the earth, but without any apparent roots. Dill. 52.

Ulva Lactuca. y Huds. 567. Uha crispa. Lightf. gj2 ; and
Bot. arr. ed. ii. Ray syn. p. 64. n. 12.

At the bottom of walls and houses, in moist shady places.

Nov. — Feb.

Tr. Bright green, tubercled, solid; wrinkled.

Very tender bright green. Huds. Jelly-like, dull green,
forming a membrane composed of 2 lamina, variously contorted.
Tubercles minute roundish grains, united together. Gmelin.
fuc. 227.

On stones in clear brooks and springs. P. Jan. — Dec.

Tr. Bright green, hemispherical; scattered.

Wieg.obs. 2.3.

This usually vegetates with a very small, but hard spherical
excrescence; and varies in size from the minutest point to that of
a small vetch. It sometimes covers the rocks to a considerable
extent. At very low water in spring tides , and upon those sub-
marine rocks which at that period only, are exposed to air, I have
very frequently found this plant (as I conceive it to be) in an inflated
state, quite globular and more than an inch in diameter. It is
then of a most beautiful transparent green colour : it afterwards
collapses and dries into a hard sinuated crust, not hemispherical,
but of the same colour and texture as the Tremella, and indeed the
edgesofit are oftentimes rounded ina manner exactly similar to the
plant described. These are found in small mafsesofthe Tremella,
growing promiscously therewith. Major Vel ley, Consists of

Vql, IV — F

8l

utricula'ta.

cris'pa*

verrucosa.

hemisphse'

idea.

82 CRYPTOGAM! A. AL GM. Tremclla.

granules fixed to the stones without any order; globular, but
"flatted on the under side, so that they may be considered as hemis-
pherical; from t to line in diameter ; slippery, gelatinous but
s tough, so as not to be easily broken by prefsing between the fin-

gers. Weig. obs. p. 39.

Only upon rocks; never upon Fuci or Conferva’s. Mr.
Stackhouse. P. Jan. — Dec.

diffor'mis. Tr. Dull green; roundish; indented, of various forms,

jelly-like.

Very nearly allied to T. verrucosa , but is soft and grows on
Confervas. Linn. suec. n. 1140.

On Confervas and Fuci growing on submarine rocks. [I
have always found it adhering to the bare rock. Mr. Stackh.]

\

viola'cea, Tr. Violet-coloured ; wrinkled, smooth underneath, Ray.

in syn, 22. n . 4.

Bull. 499.5.

Very much resembling the tartar of red wine. Relh. Be-
tween leathery and gelatinous, variously wrinkled and contorted,
flat and smooth underneath. Colour dull violet. Ray. p. 22. n. 4.
Helvella mesenterica. Dicks, p. 20.

Seems rather to belong to the Helvella s. Relh. suppl. i. 39.

Decayed branches of trees. [On rails, after much rain, in
December.]

amet/jys'tea. Tr. Violet-coloured, lobed ; surface furrowed.

Bolt. ioi.2-Sch<eff. 323 and 324-jfory. mice. ii. 22-Bull. ^gg. ^
Batsch .53.

Gelatinous ; generally growing in clusters. Stem very short,
solid, varying much in shape, purplish ; sometimes none. Plleus
purple, variable, hemispherical, or funnel-shaped, or like a flower ;
lobed, or plaited, or curled. Schaffer. Stem sometimes \ of an
inch high, and very distinct. Upper part convex, with or with-
out a dimple in the centre. Substance of a fine reddish purple,
gelatinous and semi-transparent.

Helvella sarcoides. Dicks. Elvela purpurea. Schxff. Helen
sarcoides. Jacq. On rotten wood. Nov.— -Feb.

1

. t

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAE. Fucus. 83

FUCUS. Fructification consisting of capsule-like
globules, or of granulations within the sub-
stance of the plant, with a perforation above

them. 1

✓ >

Ofcs. Our knowledge of the fructification of the plants afsem-
bled under the genus Fucus, is not yet sufficient to enable us to
improve the Elsential Character, though confefsedlv imperfect*

The genus at present consists of a collection of marine plants,
some of which approach in their habit and jointed structure to
the Confervas, still more of them resemble the membranaceous
or gelatinous Ulvas, whilst the strong and leather-like sorts are
sufficiently distinct from either. From what I have seen myself,
and from the discoveries of Major Velley and Mr. Stackhouse, I
begin to believe that the leather-like Fuci will form two distinct
Genera, and that the others must be divided into three more at
least. +

\

1 ' * v , *

SUBDIVISIONS OF FUCUS,

A. With Bladders.

B. Leaves Pod-like.

C. Jointed; Necklace-like.

D. (1) Flat; midribbed ; opake.

(2) Flat; midribbed; pellucid .

E. (1) Flat; riblefs ; opake .

(2) Flat; riblefs; pellucid .

F. (1) Cylindrical; opake.

(2) Cylindrical ; pellucid.

G. (1) Capillary; opake.

(2) Capillary ; pellucid.

f There can be little doubt of the Fuci being the food of various kinds
of fish. They are indiscriminately used as manure by the farmers on the sea
coast. The stalk of the F. esculentus may be eaten, as may also the F.
saccharinus when boiled ; but the more crisp and tender leaves of the Fucus
lanceolatus, holosetaceus, and pinnatifidus, are used as a sallad. The Fuci
vesiculosus is collected on many of our northern shore's, and burnt to make
Kelp.

Fs

84

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGjE. Fucu3. A. With Bladders,

nodo'sus.

vesiculo sus.

A. With Bladders.

F. Comprefsed: forked: leafits pointing two ways ; very
entire : air bladders in the substance of he leal, so-
litary ; distended.

Stack. ii. I o-Fl.dan.i qf-B aster. 1 1.5-LW.480. i-Ger.em. 1 568.6
-Park. 1293.6, the left hand lower figure-Gmel. fuc . 1. B.i-//.
ox.xv.8. row 3.2.

Bladders egg-shaped, growing in the middle of the branches,
broader than the branches. Leafits spear-shaped, blunt, from the
edges of the leaf. Linn. Hard, leathery, 6 feet long, yellowish
when fresh, blackish when dry. Stem variously branched, flat,
about i inch broad. Trailing, entire or winged, or alternately
winged and forked towards the ends. Leaves simple, in pairs,
several from the same fork of the branch, none towards the bot-
tom of the stem. Leafstalks very short. The thicker leaves con-
tain granulated fructifications in a mucus fluid. Air-vefsels both
on the stem and on the leaves, large, elliptical, hollow. Gmelin
fuc. 79. The inside of the fruit is perfectly analagous to that of
F. Vesiculosus. Mr. Stackhouse.

The forked terminations of the air bladders contain seeds,
and jointed fibres mixed with mucilage, but these cannot be ob-
served without a microscope.

Rocks and stones in the sea. P. May — Oct.

4

Var. 2. Stem serrated. Lightf. 920.

Gmel, fuc. i.B.2.

F. Plant flat, forked, midribbed, entire at the edges : blad-
ders axillary, or on the sides of the midrib : tubercles
in the ends of the leaves.

Stackh. 2 and 6-Velley. i-Bast.n. 1 1. 2 -Gesn.ap. Cord, a Schmid,
ic. lign. 1 .6-H.ox.xv.8. row the last , 5 and 10 —Clus. i. 21-Lob.
ic. ii.2 25. 1 -Ger.em. 1 ^y.^-Park. 1 293.1 l-Ger. 1378.3.

The bladders at the divisions of the leaf in pairs, the others
solitary. Turns red in decay. The bladders in the substance of
the leaf contain the fructifications. Linn .suec.n. 1145* Plant
about a foot high, thick, leathery. Leaves to 1 inch in breadth.
Bladders elliptical. Stackhouse.

fc- A

This plant is subject to considerable varieties, the chief of
which are

1. Bladders in pairs, axillary. F. divaricatus. Sp. pi.

2. Bladders in pairs at the sides of the midrib, the axillary ones

soiitarv,

j

r

;RYPTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Fucus. A. With Bladders. 85

3. Bladders without any regular order.

q. Tubercles in the terminations of the leaves.

5. Tubercles in a short lateral leaf.

' 6. Tubercles acutely oval; leaves waved at the edge.

7. Bladders almost covering the plant ; often confluent. The
fruit terminating, and purse-shaped. Mr. Stackhouse.

i 3. Branches not broader than a straw. Bladders few or none.

All these varieties are found common enough in our seas,

(except the first sort which is mentioned by Linnzeus, but I believe
aas not been found on our coast.

The structure of the fructifications much resembles that of the
?. serratus, and the midrib dies away where the granulations
^egin.

Both this and the F. serratus when fully grown, are forced
:ontinually by the flux of the tides against the rocks, and by
he constant collision lose the membranaceous part of their
lower leaves, while the main stems, which are exceedingly tough,
icquire a smooth roundish form, and the forked ribs which per-
vade the upper leaves wear away to sharp thorny points. In
his state both these plants have a shrub-like, appearance, whilst
the short leaves and inflated vefsels at the summit of the branches
ire freqnently entire. If the F. vesiculosus receives an injury or
racture, in any part of the leaf, provided it be in a healthy vege-
ating state, it constantly throws out abundance of young leaves
rom the injured part. If even a small aperture be made in the
niddle of it, anew leaf on either side will be found to shoOt out.
have rarely discovered this proliferous tendency in the F. ser va-
ns, Major Velley.

Rocks and stones in the sea, common. P. Jan. — Dec.

Plant flat, forked, winged, edges very entire ; the ends infla'tus,
granulated, cloven, inflated.

Smith icon, -plant. 75.

About a foot high, smooth, midribbed, dark olive. Fructifi *
atlans at the ends of the leaves. Dr. Smith. Only once or twice
loven. Linn. Have not seen the plant, but from the figure
ited above, it appears to have a few bladders towards the end ;

Iso globular granulations in the substance of the leaf on each
ide the midrib, as well as the mafses of prominent capsules at
ae end, the same as in the Fucus serratus and vesiculosus.
ymelin and Lightfoot believed it to be only a variety of the latter
lant.

On the coast of Scotland. June,

*3 •

86

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAE. Fucus. A. With Bladders,

na'tane. F. Stem thread-shaped, branched: leaves spear-shaped,

serrated : fructifications globular, on fruit-stalks.

Fct, /F.xix. x 1 . io. 1 2-Lob. 0^.653. 3, ic. ii.2 56.2- Ger.em. 161 5.2
-Park. 1 281, right hand figure.

Fructifications sometimes ending in an awn ; in some plants
very short pods composed of minute warts are found in the bosom
of the leaves. Linn. Fructifications like juniper berries, but
always hollow. Leaves sitting, oblong-spear-shaped, varying ini
breadth, serratures alternate. Gmel. fuc. 93. Plant doubly
winged : leaftts midribbed, varying much in breadth, rather

toothed than serrated. Besides the larger external globules called
fructifications, there are other minute granulations within the
substance of the leaves.

Sea shores. Isle .of Shepey : Northumberland: and thrown
on the shore near Falmouth. P. Jan.- Dec.

..

setakeus. F. Thread-shaped, very much branched ; branches alter-
nate, two-rowed: bladders elliptical, in the sub-

stance of the leaf : leaves bristlesshaped, Huds. 575.

Bocc,mus.6 .5.

Branches nearly upright, zigzag. Leafits alternate, upright,
tiled towards the ends of the branches. V esicles growing in the
substance of the stem and branches, about the size of a vetch.
Huds. n. 8. — Gmelin describes his plant thus. Substance cartila-
ginous, 6 inches high, brownish green. Stem flat, twisted at oot-
tom, F of an inch over, short. Branches numerous, alternate,
divided and subdivided in various directions, and ultimately end-
ing in a fork. Amongst the smaller branches and on the stem,
are numerous teeth, simple or forked, various in their size, so as
to give a fringed appearance to the plant. The swelling ot these
teeth leads one to think that they perform the office of fructification.
Gmelin fuc. 160.

The above reference to Boccone is given on the authority of
Mr. Hudson, for I have not seen the book. Mr, Hudson also cites
Gmel. 18. 2, but adds a mark of doubt, and from Gmelin s de-
scription, I think it is evident that Mr, Hudson s must be a dif-
ferent plant.

Rocks and stones in the sea, but rather scarce. P. Jan, -Dec.

tamariscl- F. Thread-shaped, much branched; branches alternate :
fo’lius. bladder roundish, imbedded : leaves alternate in pairs,

awl-shaped, with tubercles at the base.

Stackh.i1.13-Gmel.11 .2.

The imbedded air bladders contain filaments stretched acrofs,
analogous to the bladders in other Fuci. Fructification very visfi

l

\

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. Fucus. A. with Bladders. Sy

ble in a slice cut out from the end of the branches. Whole plant
horny to the touch, and almost prickly. Mr. Stackhouse.

This Fucus is found on submarine rocks at very low water,
and is readily discovered by the bright glaucous tints which are
reflected from it. It dries black, but if well preserved will retain
on its upper branches, a mixture of muddy green colour, from
whence those beautiful tints originate in its natural state. Major
Velley. From 2 to 4 inches high; bushy or rather tree-like in
its growth. Mr. Hudson quotes the F. selaginoides of Linnaeus
as a synonym, but we believe that plant has never yet been found
on our coasts. The synonyms are the same as those of the F.
encodes of Linn, so that we must suppose them not to be different.

Sea rocks and stones near Marketjeu, and elsewhere in Corn-
wall, Devonshire, and Yorkshire. [Bill of Portland, Mr. Stack-
house.] P. Jan. — Dec, 1

F, Thread-shaped, very much branched : bladders oval, frbro'sus,
in the substance of the plant : leafits thread-shaped
and strap-shaped. PIuds. 575.

Stackh. ii.T 3 -H. ox. xv. 8 .row the l ast , 1 7.

From 6 to 18 inches high. Stem knotty, rather strong; much
* branched. Bladders oval, rather pointed at each end; from the
upper end of each proceeds numerous capillary cylindrical branch-
es which extend several inches beyond the bladders and terminate
the plant. Mr. Stackhouse.

Sea shore. Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Hampshire. [Cor-
nish coast, common.] P. Jan. — Dec.

F. Thread-shaped; very much branched: bladders egg- famicula'ceus
shaped; terminated with leafits divided into many
blunt segments, granulated at the ends.

Gmel.fuc.2.A.2-F/.dan.yog~Lob.obs.6^2, and ic. ii. 2 54.2 -Ger.em.

1 573 'j-Park. i2go.6-y.J5.iii. 798. i-G<?r. 1380 .G-Gesn.ap.

Cord . a Schmid JcJIgn. 1.2.

Rather woody, 4 to 6 inches high; growing in a compact
bundle ; livid, yellowish ; black when dried. Branches numerous,
divided and sub-divided, their extremities forked. . Lower branch-
es always rounded, upper ones sometimes flatted, and ending in
long pods with a fork at the extremity. Gmelin fuc. 86. Linn,
in Syst. Nat. includes the F. barbatus of Sp. pi. as a variety of
this. In our specimens, as in Gmelins figure, the thread-shaped
branches swell out into pod-like substances, principally towards
their extremities. These pods have generally more or lefs length
pf the thread-shaped branch continued beyond them, but without

88

CRYPT0GAM1A. ALG/F. Fucus. B. Leaves like a Pod.

any leafits, divided into blunt segments. It is evident therefore
that the Linnacan specific character does not apply well to the plant
we have been accustomed to call F. fieniculaceus.

Rocks and stones in the sea on the coast of Devonshire.

P. Jan. — Dec*

B. Leaves like a Pod.

siliquo sue* F. Comprefsed; branched: branches pointing two ways ;

alternate; very entire : fructifications on fruit-stalks ;
oblong ; beaked.

Gmel . fuc.2 . B-Stachh. 5 -FI. dan. 1 06— Gt'seke j 5-Dod. 480. 2 —Ger.
an. 1569. y~Park . 1 293. 6, c. of the three figures that on the
right hand .

Thread-shaped, comprefsed, zigzag, each side toothed, with
rudiments of leaf-stalks or fructifications. Fructifications spindle-
shaped, beaked at the end, alternate, on fruit-stalks. Leaves
spear-shaped, smaller than the pods. Linn.' Pods very nume-
rous, oblong-eggshaped, scored acrofs, filled with slime contain-
ing numerous granules. Substance leathery, 4 feet long, dark
olive, black when dried. Gmelin fuc. 81. Sometimes 4 feet long;
the stalk comprefsed, zigzag or waved, nearly of the same thick-
nels throughout. Pods varying much in size as well as in the
length of the footstalk and in that of the beak. Stackhouse.
The adary branches which proceed from the main stem resemble
a long strap-shaped cartilaginous leaf, from whence originate in
a lateral direction the pods, and at the extremity of the pod is fre-
c|uently found a continuation of that cartilaginous leaf, which ap-
pearance seems to favour the opinion of Gmelin that the pods are
only the leaves in a state of fructification ; but in examining this
plant the pods may be found upon short foot-stalks in a very mi-
nute form with the appearance of the transverse partitions, and
this in a very young state, before they become turgid. Major
Velley. Leaves and pods not distinct; the leaves in the more
advanced state of growth afsume the appearance of pods, from ~
of an inch to 1 or 2 inches long, and from T*0 to L of an inch
broad, but though separated by partitions they contain nothing
like seeds. Mr. Stackhouse suspects that the seeds may be
found in the beak-like terminations of the pods.

Rocks and stones in the sea. P. Tan. — Dec.

siliculo'suc* F. Comprefsed, much branched, zigzag ; leaves pod-like,

oblong, sharp-pointed.

. Stackh. ii, 11.

ICRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Fucus. C. "jointed, like « 89

Necklace .

» ' V ft

This species is not uncommon. About 6 or 9 inches high
branches with knobs and hollows at the edge, the marks of leaves
torn off as happens in the F. siliquosus, The fruit or pods though
roundish are sharp pointed, have no cavities nor fibres stretched
lengthways, nor transverse furrows on the outside as in f . sill-
quosus, but they have a tubercled appearaece. The meshes as
well as the seeds and globular mafses are smaller than in any
species 1 have seen. As the F. siiiquosus has never been found
in fruit may not it be this plant after having discharged its seeds,
its pods then becoming air-bladders? Mr. Stackhouse.

On the coast of Cornwall.

C. jointed, like a Necklace.

F. Thread-shaped, greatly branched, forked : branches conpatenar-
swollen out like the beads of a necklace by the dis- tus.
tended vesicles placed at intervals within them.

V ell ey 2.1.

Thread-shaped; branches very numerous, opposite or alter-
> nate, often ending in forks. Bladders egg-shaped, in the sub-
stance of the stem and the branches, distant, an awl-shaped leaf
at the side of each. Linn. Six or 8 inches long, cartilaginous,
tawny olive. Bladders oblong, placed at a little distance, 3 or 4
one above another, each with one or two little thorns. When
in fruit, the ends of the branches also swell, and are covered with
numerous wart-like substances, each with a puncture in the cen-
tre and within full of seeds. Lightf. 924. The seeds are not in M

the cavity, but seem to be placed beneath the outer coat of the
branches, rather in an annular form. V e l l e y . j* The granula-
tions placed under the outer coat of the branches are dark coloured
and have a pore or hole opening externally. There are other •
protuberancesin the branches, not dark coloured, more like blis-
ters than granulations, and these also have a pore opening out-
wardly.

Sea rocks and stones, Sufsex and Cornwall. Huds. — About
Leith and New Haven. Mr. Yalden. — At Weymouth.

P. Jan. — -Dec.

« I

F. Stems obscurely jointed : branches in whirls, 3 or 4 at kali for 'mis.
a joint : secondary branches either opposite or in
whirls.

f For a magnified view of the fructification, and many other particulars
of this and some other species of Fuci and Confervce, see coloured figures of
marine plants, with descriptions and observations by Thomas Veliev, Fsq.
C.L. 1795.

I

9<>

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGJE. Pucus. C. ‘Jointed, like a

Necklace •

Approaches near to the F. verticillatus of Lightfoot, but the
branches twice as long, and their terminations not so much divided
into capillary segments. It differs also in the position of its fruc-
tifications. Substance almost gelatinous: colour yellow green,
sometimes purplish ; height from 4 to 6 inches; whirls near \ an
inch asunder; branches near 2 inches long. Fructification red
globules scattered on the surface and edges ot the adary branches.

^Discovered by Mr. Woodward on the beach at Yarmouth,
and by him first ascertained to be a non-descript species. Als©
found by Mr. Stackhouse on the western coasts.

verticillatus F. Stems obscurely jointed : branches in whirls, awl-shaped,

or bristle-strapshaped. Lightf. 962.

Light f. 31 . atp. 962.

Pale or whitish green, membranaceous. Stems about 5 inches
high, about the size of a small goose quill, so obscurely jointed
as to be almost cylindrical, branches 3 to 5 in a whirl, an inch
or more long, gradually shorter towards the end of the stem, be-
set with bristle-shaped leaves alternate or without order. Fructi-
fications red, visible with a microscope at the ends of the branches.
Lightf. Colour olive green, sometimes yellow. Stem hollow,
with inflated knots. Secondary branches in whirls, with 4 or 5
oblong hollow leaves. In these branches the fructification is
clearly discernable. Mr. St ack house.

On the rocks of the little isles of Jura. Lightf. July.

articula'tus. F. Jointed, very much branched: joints egg-cylindrical,

tubular: branches opposite or in whirls.

Stackh.$.a.b.-H.ox.xv.$. row 2. 1 4.

One to 3 inches high, pale red purple. Seeds in the terminat-
ing joints and in others growing in whirls at the ends of the
branches. Lightfoot. Stem short, slenderer than the branches,
joints, egg-cylindrical. Branches opposite, jointed, swelling in
the middle ; leafits only 2, or 4 in a whirl, which distinguishes it
from the F . verticillatus. The branches resemble strings of oval
beads, sharp at each end, resembling some of the jointed con-
fervas, and still more some of the corallines. The colours pink,
pale purple or yellowish green ; beautifully transparent. Fructifi-
cation minute blood-red dots, imbedded in the upper joints. It
varies in the fiatnefs or roundnefsof the joints ; the round joint-
ed sort is tubular, but many of the comprefsed kinds appear to
be solid. Stackhouse, p. 29. who since informs me that he has
found a^sort with the fructifications prominent, not imbedded,
which will probably prove a distinct species.

91

CR Y P TOG A MIA. ALGAL. Fucus. D. (i) Flat, mid-

ribbed, OPAKE.

XJlvei articulata. Huds. Rocks and stones in the sea, about
low water mark, Cornwall, Devonshire, Dorsetshire, Sufsex.
Huds. J ura Cransay Skye, See. Light*.

A. March — Nov. Huds.— Aug. Lightf.

F. Gristly, creeping, branched, jointed ,* joints oblong,
flat.

Dill. io.g.

Stems narrow, matted together, set with narrow straps. Shoots
numerous, crowded, -5- an inch high, broadest upwards, variously
and irregularly divided into segments, and sometimes appearing
jointed, flat, (not hollow,) pellucid, tender, dull purple below,
dirty green above. Dill. 51. It has many fine runners entangled
together, and. emitting small claw-like ligaments. From these
runners, short branched shoots are produced, without order;
slender at the base, but broader upwards, jointed and much mat-
ted together. Substance cartilaginous ; colour fine red purple,
or green. Stems oblong and flatted, consisting sometimes of only
a single joint; in others there is a succefsion of 2 or 3 of these
oblong joints resembling a necklace with oblong flatted beads,
and in others again other joints are sent off from the sides of these,
and sometimes, 2 from the end. Iis colour fine pinky purple;
some of the joints now and then are of a bright green. Seeds
in the substance of some of the extreme joints, like grains of fine
purple powder. Lightf. 962.

Ulvcu articulata (5 Huds, Fucus verticillatus. var. repens. Bot,
arr. ed. ii. Sea rocks washed by the waves, in Prestholm Island.
Dill. — and near Mufselburgh. Lightf. [On the stems of the
F. digitatus, frequent. On the naked rocks at St. Michael’s
Mount Pier. Mr. Stackhouse.] August.

D. (1) Flat, mid-ribbed, opake,

F. Plant flat, forked, mid-ribbed, serrated with teeth :
fructifications at the ends of the branches, tabercled.

Stackh.i-Velley.i-H.ox.xv.g.i-Bast.u.i 1.3.

Two feet high or more, but it varies much in size. Substance
hard, leathery. Colour green to yellowish, or olive, blackish
when dried, but still in some measure pellucid. Stem flat, per-
vading the whole length of the leaves, which are oblong, flat,
edges set with teeth of various sizes. It has no air vesicles, but
little pencils are often found on both surfaces, and tubercles bear-
ing seeds, filled with woolly matter, in the substance of the leaf,
either scattered, or more collected at the extremities. Gmelin

re'pens.

serra'tiis*

9-

spiralis.

august ifo'lius

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG7E. Fucus* D. (i) Flat) mid ^

ribbed , opake.

fuse. 57. When in fruit the extremities are pale yellow, and the
tubercles brown. Mr. Stackhouse. This Fucus has two kinds
of fructification sufficiently obvious by the aid of a common eye*
•' iafs. As far as the mid-rib pervades the leaves you may see glo-
bular granulations scattered within the substance of the plant send-
ing out pencils of threads upon the surface. Where the midrib
ends, towards the termination of the leaves, the surface is set
thick with tubercles, eich tubercle the section of a sphere, with
an opening at the top through which ifspes a mucilaginous fluid
containing oblong substances, probably the seeds , but so small
as to require a pretty high magnifici to be distinctly seen.

Rocks and stones in the sea. P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Leaf without serratures, or only a few at the base.
Huds. 576. A foot long, at least an inch broad. Edge unequal,
lefs remarkably serrated. Doody m R. syu. 42* I have seen it of
not more than the usual breadth, but in these specimens the mid-
rib extended only to a short distance from the stem.

F. Plant flat ; forked ; very entire ; dotted ; strap-shaped
and channelled towards the base : fructifications in
pairs ; tubercled.

Stackh. 5-FI. dan. 2 8 6-Bast, ii . 1 1 . 1 -Bod. 479* 1 —Ger. em. 1567.4,
on the right hand si de . -Ges n.ap. Cord.Schmid.ic. lign . 1 . 5«

Twisted spirally whilst growing; membranaceous, flat, nar-
rower below, channelled. Fructifications terminating, oblong,
thickish, in pairs, on fruit-stalks. Linn. A toot or more in
length. Ray. syn. 41. It has no air-bladders. Fructification s
makes of granulations at the ends of the leaves, which are mostly
forked, but sometimes 3-cleft. These mafses are oblong, filled
with mucilage, and are of the colour of a Spanish olive. Punc-
tures in the leaves in a regular series, garnished with pencils of

fibres. 1 have not seen the stalk channelled. Stackhouse. In

some specimens the dots, or globules within the substance of the
leaf on each side the midrib, are not disposed in a regulai series,
but scattered, and much more numerous than represented m the
fig. of Mr. Stackhouse.

Stones and rocks in the sea, Kent, Sufsex, and Lfsex. On
the coast of Devon and Cornwall, on rocks below high water,
k-n i »*lr Vfr Stack HOUSE. P, Jail.— Dec.

F. Strap-shaped, forked, very entire, smooth, with minute
dots or punctures : fruit slender, pointed.

Lately discovered by Mr. Stackhouse at Poitieath neat Si.
Tves, Cornwall. It resembles the F. spiralis but is not at all

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAl. Fucus. D. (2) Flat, mid- <V;

ribbed , PELLUCID.

twisted in its growth, the breadth of the leaf is much lefs than in
the kindred plants ; the fruit is very narrow, pointed ; often 2
horned. Mr, Stackhouse*

F. Strap-shaped, mid -ribbed, flat, forked, very entire, the diskichus.
ends tubercled, sharp-pointed.

Gmelfuc. i.A.i.

Between gristly and leathery, 6 inches high, olive green,
changing to black when dry. Root circular, more than an inch
diameter, cemented to stones. Stems thick, flat, branched. Branches
uniform, forked, pervaded by a midrib, leaf narrow. Fructifica-
tions on the ends of the branches, containing granules. Gmelin
fuc. 72. Differs from the F. canaliculatus in the leaf not being at
all channelled, and the pod-like vesicles being long and tapering
to a point. Kcenig. With a midrib. The texture herbaceous.

Linn. FI. dan. 351, cited by Linnaeus exactly resembles it, ex-
cept in wanting the midrib. If this plant had air bladders it
would scarcely be distinguishable from the F. vesiculosus.

F. linearis. Huds. 378. F. filiformis. Gmelin. Rocks and
stones in the sea. P. Jan. — Dec.

D. (2) Flat, midribbed, pellucid.

F. Membranaceous, pellucid, forked, mid-ribbed ,* with a membrariY-
few lateral branches. ceus.

Stackh.pl.6.

About 5 inches high, flat, expanding horizontally for 6 or 7
inches, pale brown yellow. Stem wire-like, cartilaginous, divid-
ing into forks and pervading the foliage in form of a midrib.

The leafy part thin, near f an inch broad, transparent, with scat-
tered clusters of regular dots. These dots are the fructification.

First discovered by Mr. Stackhouse at Sidmouth, Devonshire,
near the western promontory, and figured in his admirable work
on the Fuci.

F. Simple, undivided, sword-shaped : stem 4-corned, esculen'tus.
running through the whole length of the leaf ;
winged at the base.

F/.dan.^ij-Lightf. 28, at f. g^S-fGmel. 29. I, wants the wings
at the base of the stem.)

Stem thick, broad, 4-sided, winged at the base with fiat sword-
shaped leafits; leaf very large, penetrated through its whole
length by the stem which is visible on both its surfaces. In these

>4 CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGJE. Fucus. D. (2) Flat , mid-

ribbed, PELLUCID.

circumstances it differs from the F. sac char inus. Linn. Some-
times from 5 to 10 yards long, or more, olive coloured. Stem
solid, round, uprrght, pervading the whole length of the leaf.
Leaf extremely long, rounded at the base, narrower towards the
end, diaphanous, wonderfully plaited and curled. . Gmelin fuc.
200. In Hudson’s Synonym for Fl. dan. read Gmelin.

Sea rocks and stones; common. Cumberland and Scotland.
[Weymouth and the Cornish coast. Mr. Stackhouse.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

sanguin'eus. F. Leaves membranaceous ; egg-oblong ; waved at the

edge but very entire ; on leaf-stalks : stem cylin-
drical, branched.

Stackh. j-Gmel.fuc. 24. 2-FL dan. 34g-GzV.r. i. 24 -H.ox.xv.8.
row. 1.6.

Resembling the leaves of the Rnmex sanguineus , in size as well
as form. R. syn. 49. Stem very short, ending in oblong-spear-
shaped leaves, very entire, waved at the edge, rounded at the end,
furnished with a mid-rib which sends off lateral alternate veins;
from 3 inches to a foot in length and from to 2 inches in breadth ;
pellucid, pale red purple. Gmelin fuc. 185. Fructifications round-
ish, on fruit-stalks, blackish red, on the sides of the branches
and ribs, of the size of rape seed. Huds. n. 3. Stern very short,
woody, branched. Leaves midribbed, oblong, blunt, about 6
inches long and inch broad, pellucid and thin as gold beaters
skin ; red, often with crofs bars or stripes of a dull pinky yel-
low. Stackhouse.'}*

Rocks and stones in the sea. Yarmouth. Mount’s bay.
Falmouth. P. Jan. — Dec. •

• *

ndbens. F. Leaves membranaceous, oblong, waved, indented : stalk

cylindrical, branched.

Stackh.’].

Stem cylindrical, woody, branched, garnished with leaves of
various sizes. Leaves on leaf-stalks, midribbed, veined, scolloped
and indented, often fringed; thin, pellucid; colour pale pink,
with tints of green and olive. The midrib of the larger leaves
sends out smaller leaves. Stackhouse. Fructifications , small
red oblong substances, tapering down into fruit-stalks, placed on
the stem or on the edges of the leaves. Within these substances.

f For more particulars of this and several other species to be noticed
hereafter, see Nereis Brit a.nnica, or a botanical description of the British
marine plants, with coloured drawings from nature; by John Stackhouse?
Esq. F. L. S. 1795*

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAE. Fucus. D. (2) Flat, mid - 95

< ribbed , PELLUCID.

which in the microscope appear like processes ifsuing from the
leaves, small red granulations may be seen.

Flor. dan. 652 has been quoted as this plant, but the leaves
are much broader than in any specimens which I have seen, and
Gmelin 24. 1. is very different, the branches are winged with
oval leafits and terminated bv an odd one. •

J

Common on our sea coasts.

m

F. Mid ribbed, much branched: leaves strap-spearshaped, Hypogloff-

very entire : midrib proliferous. sura.

\

Linn.tr. u.t. 7 .

' %

About 2 or 3 inches high, membranaceous, extremely thin,
bright red. Fructification , Male, vesicles the size of mustard
seed, dark red, placed on the nerve- near the extremity of the
leaves. — Female numerous very minute grains scattered near the
nerve on each side of the leaf. However it is pofsible that these
red vesicles are real capsules, and that the granulated appearance
proceeds from the capsules having burst and discharged their
seeds. Woodward. Linn. tr. ii. 30. One single globular vesicle
in which minute grains may sometimes be found, appears to be
the compliment to each leaf, arising from the nerve which pafses
through the centre of these globules. Major Velley.

Found by Mr. Wigg on the beach at Yarmouth, by Mr.

Crowe at Cromer, and by Dr. Goodenough on the southern coast.

F. Membranaceous; somewhat forked ; midribbed; seg- ain't us*
ments alternate, decurrent, cloven. Linn. Leaves
very entire, coloured. Huos.fi. i. 473. ed. ii. 578.

F! .dan.% 52-Gme!. fuc. 25.1; 2, in its younger state ; 3, a variety
< with broader leaves.

Leaves branched, purple, diaphanous, strap-shaped, ends
somewhat toothed, midrib rather thick. Linn. Three inches
long or more, membranaceous, thin. — Stem flatted, 1 line broad,
very much branched. Branches alternate, edged with a thin leafy
substance. Gmelin fuc. 187. Rose colour or pink; forked;
consisting of a midrib garnished on each side with a transparent
and very narrow membrane. Mr. Stackhouse. When the
leafy membranaceous substance which edges the rib of the
branches decays or rubs off, the plant afsumes a very different
appearance, seeming then to be composed of thread-shaped
branches.

Sea rocks and stones. [And on the large stalks of F. poly-
rchides and digitatus. Mr. Stackhouse.] P„ May — Oct.

9^

%

lo'reus.

» •*

racchari'mis*

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Fucus. E. ( i) Flat , riblef, }f

OPAKE.

\

E. (i) Flat, riblefs, opake.

F. Strap-shaped, forked, tubercled all over.

Fl.dan.ji o-Schlofser in Gent. Mag. 1756, p. 64./. 1 to 4.

Tall, forked, strap-shapad, comprefsed; set with raised,
blunt tubercles. Linn. This plant at its first appearance so much,
resembles a Fungus, that some authors have mistaken it for one.
Ray seems to have described it as a distinct species under the
name of “ Fucus Fungis affinis.” Syn. p. 43. n. 15. From the
centre of the little Fungus-like substance 3 or 4 shoots arise, and
extending by degrees into branches, constitute the perfect plant.
The little Fungus still continues and forms a kind of cup at the
base of the stem.

Grows to a great length, and is more regularly forked than
any plant 1 know. It grows fixed to the rocks by a most tenacious
gluten. Major Velley. A short stem supports a kind of cup
full f inch diameter. Out of this arise one or two strap-shaped
leaves, several feet in length, nearly as broad as a straw,
dividing into forks at distant intervals. The whole plant is
opake, riblefs, dark coloured, and in every part beset with tuber-
cles filled with a slimy fluid, and open at the top. A pencil of
hairs ifsties from some of them, but the fluid they pour out con-
tains nothing like seeds , the others without hairs pour out a
mucilage filled with seeds of an oblong shape, but so small as to
elude the naked eye. This apparatus of fructification seems
nearly the same as that in the F. serratus, except that in this plant
the male and female organs are indiscriminately dispersed over
the whole plant, whilst in that the male flowers are on the lower,
the female on the upper part of the branches. Dr. Borlase in his
Nat. hist, of Cornwall, tells us that he measured a plant 22 feet
long.

Sea Thongs. 1 Rocks and stones in1 the sea. MounPs-bay,
Cornwall. P. June — Sept.

F. Without a midrib; simple ; sword-shaped ; stalk cylin-
drical ; very short.

Gunn.u.j .2-Fl.dan.q.iG-GnieI. fuc.2j and 28.

Oval or oblong, leathery, often 4 feet long and 2 broad,
waved, narrow at the base, adhering to stones as if by means of
fingers. Linn. suec. n. 1 15T. — Stem from 2 to 12 inches high.
Leaf single, tapering at eacii end, flat, sometimes 2 yards long,
puckered, the wrinkles containing a jelly-like mucus, in which
the fructiferous granules are lodged. Gmelin fuc. 195. fructi-
fication, thin inflated pellicles like those of F. digitatus containing

97

CllYPTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Fucus. E. (i) Flat, riblefs,

OPAKE.

a network of tubes in a thin mucus, and similar tubes are found
in the stiff pellucid jelly between the skins. I never observed
the seeds exposed in the marginal sinufses as mentioned by Gmelin,
1 Seeds not yet observed. Mr. Stackhouse.

Rocks and stones in the sea. P. Jan. — Dec.

Washed in spring water and then hung up in a warm place, a
substance like sugar exsudes from it. Some people eat it fresh
out of the sea. Smaller leaves and clusters eaten by the poor as
F. palmatus. Rutty.

F. Plant flat, spiral, perforated, waved at the edge and
toothed.

Jacq.colLm. 1 3. 2-B0rr.fr.38. 2.

Thin, membranaceous, twisted like a screw, 2 or 3 inches
long, the ends finely cut or fringed, simple or branched, blackish
‘brown. Boccone 6g. Wholly rolled up into a spiral. Sub-
stance leathery, thick, smooth, dark red, strap-shaped, without
a midrib ; the edges bluntly toothed and indented, the ends
rounded and blunt. I have neither seen bladders nor tubercles
on it. Wulfen. Stalk naked, long, the spiral foliage being
only perfect towards the extremity of the plant. Mr. Stackh.
It is probable that two different plants have been described under
this name. The F. volubilis of the Sp. pi. is referred to the
figure of Boccone cited above, and the figure of Wulfen is un-
doubtedly the same, neither of them with a midrib. But in the Syst.
Natur. Linnueus has altered the character, telling us that the
leaves are perforated by a midrib. This last is the character
which Mr. Hudson has applied to his plant, and I therefore think
it pofsible that the plant of our botanists may be ©nly a small F.
spiralis more than usually twisted ; and that the plant of Boccone
and Wulfen has not yet been found on our coasts, at least not
since the time of Ray.

Rocks and stones in the Firth of Chester. R. syn . P.Jan.-Dec.

F. Hand-shaped, without a midrib : segments sword-
shaped: root tuberous, hollow : stalk flat, plaited at
the edge.

Stackh.4-GmeLfuc.30.

Root large. Stem flat, spirally twisted, more than a foot high,
its top expanding into a roundish leaf which is divided into
several very long segments, broad at the base, tapering to a point,
sometimes forked, without a midrib. The substance of the plant
is cartilaginous ; it is sometimes 15 feet in extent; its colour
greenish, changing to olive or to yellowish. Gmelin fuc. 203.

Vol. IV. — G

volu'bilis.

polyschi'des

I

98 CRYPTOGAMIA. AL GIE. Fucus. E. (i) Flat, riblefs,

OPAKE.

From a large hollow bulb arises generally one, sometimes 2 or
oven g.comprefsed stalks, 4 inches or more wide, thick in the
middle, thinner at the edges, where it is strangely furbelowed and
contorted. This stem, which is upwards of 2 feet long, suddenly
expands into a very wide head, which divides into sword-shaped
segments. Its substance is leather-like, totally free from veins
or fibres; colour deep brown,' and appearing as if varnished.
The bulb sends out numerous strong horny roots which strike
deep into the ooze, or lay hold of the stones in the larger crevices
of the rocks. Stackhouse Ner. Britan, The roots are conical,
serpentine, and well represented in the fig. of Mr. Stackhouse.
Great mafses of these roots are frequently thrown upon the shore,
and Mr. Stackhouse informs me that the plant sometimes weighs
20 or 30 pounds, or more. The fructification, it is said, has not
yet been observed, but there are many dots or globules dispersed
through the whole of the foliage, within its substance. Since
the above was written, Mr. Stackhouse informs me that he has
found vesicles under the surface containing reticulated jelly like
those in the F. digitatus.

F. bulbosus. Huds. 579. Rocks and stones in the sea ; on the
coast of Cornwall, frequent. P. Jan. — Dec.

digita'tus. F. Without a midrib ; hand-shaped ; segments sword-
shaped : stalk cylindrical.

Stackh . 3 — jF7-. dan.t 392— Gunn. i.3.

Stem as thick as a walking stick. Linn. Stem cylindrical,
comprefsed, 1 to 2 yards high. Gunner. Norv. i. 34. It tapers
pretty much towards the top, and then suddenly expands into a
leaf of a foot or more in breadth. This leaf is divided into a num-
ber of segments, from 4 to 12, each of which is sometimes a yard
long, and tapers to a point. The substance thick, leather-like,
riblefs, with a fructification of thin inflated pellicles produced
without order on the surface, containing a mucilaginous fluid, but
without apparent granules. The plant when fresh has a rich
brown yellow colour, and appears smooth and shining as if var-
nished. Stackhouse. Nereis Britannica. p. 6.

The pellicles are not on the surface, but imbedded. They
grow close together, are often confluent, or as it were quilted.
Ti e jelly they contain, under high magnifiers appears reticulated.
Communicated by Mr. Stackhouse, since the publication of his
first fasciculus of marine plants. When the whole plant is
taken out of the water and held by the stem, it not unaptly
resembles a flag-staff and flag ; the latter cut horizontally into
strips.

Sea girdles and hangers. Stones and rocks in the sea. On the
coasts of Cornwall, plentiful. Stackhouse. P. jan. — Dec.

Boiled tender and eaten with butter, pepper, and vinegar, is
said by Gerrard to be a good food.

99

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAS. Fucus. E. (i) Plat, ribkfs,

OPAKE.

F. Flat, spear-shaped, dotted, forked, very entire: the ceranoiues.
ends cloven and tubercled. Syst. nat .

H. ox. xv. 8. row 1.13.

This is a good representation, but the leaves are too broad up-
wards and their points too sharp. Allied to the F. inflatus but nar-
rower, more branched, and imprefsed with scattered dots on both
surfaces. Linn. The figure of Morison in H. ox. xv. 8. row 1.13,
cited above, has its surface covered with wartdike excrescences,
as is also the case with many plants which I have seen correspond-
ing with the figure in all points, but it seems, extraordinary that
Linnaeus should not have noticed a circumstance so remarkable.

Plant cartilaginous ; stiff and horny when dry.

F. canaliculatus. (3. Huds. 583. On rocks and stones in the
sea. On the coast of Cornwall. Sept.

F. Cartilaginous, forked, greatly widening upwards ; sur- stclla'tus*
face thick set with excrescences bearing fructifica-
tions on their extremities.

Plant 4 inches high, beautifully hedge-hogged with excre-
scences, sometimes on one, sometimes on both surfaces. They
are upright, partly cylindrical, fleshy, bearing the fructifications
imbedded in their tops. Its colour is brown, purple or bright
green. Mr. Stackhouse.

Mr. Lightfoot tells us that the upper segments are numerous,
often crowded, not properly forked, but growing either in a stel-
lated or finger-like form.

F. ceranoides. Huds. (3. Lightf. Fucus cermioid.es albidus ,
ramulorum agicibus' stellatis. Ray syn. 44. n. 18.

F. Flat, forked, very entire, strap-shaped, grooved : fructi- canaliculahus
fications terminating, tubercled, divided into 2 parts,
blunt. Linn, syst . nat. ed. xii. 716. syst . veg. ed. xiii.
and xiv.

Gmel.fuc.i.A.2 and %-F! .dan. 21 ^-H.ox.xv .8, row 2. 11. row 1,

13 and row the last, 12 -Ve/ley pi. 1 ; fructification.

Many times forked, smooth, narrow, one side convex, the
other channelled. Fructifications terminating, dividing into 2, or
in pairs, sitting, sprinkled with perforated tubercles. Linn.

Grooved, or cut into longitudinal hollows on one surface. Stems
and leaves riblefs. Gmelin fuc. 73. Seldom exceeds 3 or 4
inches in length, but covers the surface of the rocks formally
yards square. It has fruit-bearing ‘and barren branches at the
G 2

VOO

pygmse'us.

pusil'lus.

phylli'tis.

CRYPTOGAM! A. ALG/E. Fucus. E. (2) Flat, riblefs ,

-PELLUCID.

same time, the former appearing to be 2 years old or more. The
ends are almost or quite yellow when ripe, and much tubercled.
The fructification is precisely analagous to that of F. vesiculosus,
but the seeds are larger. Mr. Stackhouse.

F. excisus. Linn, sp.pl. 1627. syst. nat. ed.xii. 715. Huds.ed.

1. 468. >

Rocks and stones in the sea.' P. June — Aug.

1

F. Gristly, comprefsed, riblefs, hand-shaped: fructifications
terminating, roundish ; perforated at the end.

Lightf. 3 a. 1, at ^.948.

Gristly, black ; dark green when held against the light ; sel-
dom more than £ of an inch high, Lightf. It has the appear-
ance of a mofs in its crowded growth, entirely covering the sur-
face of the rocks, in patches; is hard and brittle like a Lichen,
and may be considered as amphibious, being under water only at
the time of high tide.

F. pumilus . Huds. 584, but not F. pumihis of Flora Danica.
Rocks in the little isles of Jura washed by the tides, on the coast
of Jona, and in the Frith of Forth, and several other places.
Lightf. Rocks and stones in the sea between high and low
watermark. LIuds. [Coasts of Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.]

P. June — Oct.

F. Creeping, branched, matted together : leaves riblefs,
Spatuia-shaped, either entire and rounded at the end,
or cloven or 3-cleft.

Stackh.pl. 6.

Not j of an inch high. It grows in tufts like a Lichen, black
in the mafs, but pale red when held against the light. Substance
rigid, horny. It is branched from the root, the lower part of the
branches garnished with a strap-shaped fringe. The spatula-
shaped leaves appear at the end of these branches. Fructifica-
tion not yet discovered. The Fucus pygmseus grows upright,
this is a creeping plant. Nere:s Britannica.

First discovered by Mr. Stackhouse on the red sand stone
rocks at Sidmouth,

E (2) Fiat, rib-lefs, pellucid.

F. Membranaceous, without a mid-rid, simple, transparent,
sword-shaped, border plaited and waved : stalk cy-
lindrical, very short.

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG7E. Fucus. E. (2) Flat , rillefs, 101

PELLUCID. .

Stackh.fasc, n.fl. g.f

About a foot long and an inch broad. Fructification, vesicles im-
mersed as in F.saccharinus. Thought by Huds. and Lightf. to have
been a var. of that plant, but the leaf is never wrinkled in the middle
part, and its texture is thin and membranaceous like an Uiva. It
further differs from the F. saccharinus in growing in clusters,
though each plant has its proper root. The F. saccharinus is
dense and horny in its texture, even when young.

F. saccharinus var. £ Huds. var. /3 Lightf. p. 941, but not his
reference to Bauhine. Fucus PLyllitidis folio. Ray. syn. 40. At
Weymouth, and Tenby ; not uncommon on the South coast. Mr.

Stackhouse.

I • /

F. Flat wedge-shaped, riblefs, thick, very succulent. edu'lis.

Leaves arising many in succefsion, of different sizes, from a
» discoid base. It is as thick as leather, large, veinlefs, transpa-
rent. From a flat discoid base arise 2, 3 to 8 or more leaves of
different sizes, and of different ages, the largest are from 6 to 9
inches high, on a thick comprefsed, or nearly cylindrical stem.

This stem suddenly dilates into a very wide, smooth, leather-like
:* leaf, sometimes 4 or 5 inches over near the top, in shape like the
lateral section of a wedge. When in fruit, the middle of the leaf,
betwixt the 3 coats is a vascular jelly, the vefsels are annular tubes
chained together. The surface at this time rises into conical pro-
tuberances perforated at the top.

The above has been sometimes supposed to be the F. palmatus.

It is very common in Cornwall, and is propably the true Scotch
Dulse, the Fucus scoticusy latifsimus , edulis , dulcis. Ray syn. 46. n.

30. This is eatable when raw, which is hardly the case with the
F. palmatus, prolifer, laciniatus, and ciliatus ; all of which, though
thin and transparent are extremely tough. It is also eaten after
being pinched with hot irons, and then tastes like roasted oysters,

Mr. Stackhouse,

F. Flat, membranaceous, riblefs, strap-shaped, doubly ligula'tus.

winged: wings sword-shaped, fringed.

Lightf. 2Q>atf. 946.

Leaf to 2 feet long, about 2 lines broad, egg-shaped, her-
baceous; serratures sometimes bristle-shaped. Huds. n. 32.

f This second fasciculus is not yet published, but it is under preparation
for the prefs, and its author has kindly furnished me with the references ro
the plates and likewise with characters and specimens of the non-deacript,
species which it will contain.

G3

103

denta'tus,

5

lapinia'tus

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAE. Fucus. E. (2) Flat , riblefs ,

Pellucid.

There is a bulbous excrescence at the root, above which it ge-
nerally breaks off. Fructifications on the stem, near the setting
on of the leaves, resembling the saucers of a Lichen. Mr. Stack h.
Plant green, thin and transparent. The main stem about the
breadth of a straw. The younger plants much like the feather-
ed part of a large quill.

F. herbaceus Huds. 582. Frith of Forth, about New Haven
and other places. Lightf. — Rocks and stones in the sea. Thrown
on the shore near Hastings, Sufsex, and in Northumberland.
Huds. — [Yarmouth shore. Mr. Woodward. — Conrish coast,

common. Stackhouse.] P. Jan. — Dec.

•/ \

✓

F. Membranaceous, riblefs: leaveswing-cleft; segments
alternate j bluntly toothed.

FJ'dan.$ 54.-~Gmel.g-H.ox .xv .8 .row i .r-Buxb.iii.G^./]..

Red ; diaphanous ; hollows of the clefts rounded. Segments
toothed at the end. Linn. A very elegant plant. Stem often a
foot high or more, scarcely a line in breadth, strap-shaped, fiat,
forked. Substance'ieathery, not clastic, dark brick colour, opake,
thickest in the middle. Branches narrower towards the end, ly-
ing down, but the wings upright, alternate, upper ones most nu-
merous and most divided, sometimes proliferous. Fructifications
on the ends of the segments which are divided into an infinity of
little teeth,' supporting numerous globules which are opake, black,
deciduous. Gmelin fuc.-iaq.

Rocks and stones in the sea, Devonshire and Yorkshire.

A. May — Oct.

. F. Nearly stem-lefs: leaves flat, membranaceous, without
a midrib ; branched : branches widening, hand-shaped.

Membranaceous, firm, pellucid, of a hue red colour. Leaf
without a raid-rib, branched, branches mostly forked. Three to 4
inches long, 4 or 5 broad, but a single division about 1 inch broad.
Sides and ends of the branches fringed and toothed. Secondary
leaves only about a line in breadth. Gmelin.

Var. 1. Edges fringed,

G?neJ. 2 1 . 4 -Fl.dan, 353.

h . laceratus. Gmel. F. ciliatus. Huds. excluding his references
to Gmelin. This is the plant in its most perfect state; the
fructifications forming the fringe at the edges of the foliage.
Neither this nor the next var. can properly be said to have any
stem, there being only a small knob serving the purpose of a root.

1

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGJE. Fucus. E. (2) Flat, riblefs , I03

Pellucid.

Both of them are occasionally proliferous, sending out rows of
young leaves from the edges of the old ones ; though polsibly only
when some injury has been sustained. Gmelin says his plant was
of a dirty yellow colour, whence 1 conclude his specimens hat
been exposed to the weather.

Var. 2. Edges entire.

V

Gmelin. 2 1 .1.

This is its appearance when it has no fructifications. _ #

F. laciniatus. Huds. F. ciliatus. Gmelin. Both these varieties
are very common upon rocks and stones on oui sea coasts, and
may be found in the summer months.

F. Leaves membranaceous, fiat, riblefs, widening, cloven, bil'idus.
PIUDS. 581.

Root branched, flatted, creeping. Leaf 1 to if inch long,
membranaceous, once and sometimes twice cloven, wedge-shaped
or widening towards the end, purple, semi-transpaient. Hups, n,

28. I have never seen this plant, but whatever the specimens
may prove, there is nothing in the specific charactei 01 descrip-
tion of Mr. Hudson to mark it as distinct from the F. laciniatus,
of which it is perhaps only a small variety. Fucus bifidus of

Gmelin is a different plant. #

Stones and rocks in the sea, Hampshire. A, May Get.

F. Leaves flair, membranaceous, riblefs, nearly strap-shaped, crisfta'tus.
much branched, curled. Huds. 580.

Ft. dan. $26.

Leaf a palm long, very tender, rosy red, somewhat waved,
blunt, the segments bearing fruit. Fructifications \ oundisn, smai ,
dark red. Huds. n. 27. Very tender. Blood red. Lin n. Resemy
bles the F. laciniatus in texture, but in the blunt terminations of
the teeth is more like the F. pinnatifidus in its younger state. If
the fig. of Wulfen in Jacq. coll. iii. 16. 2, be the true Linnaean
plant, our specimens are not so, but the figures in FI, dan. at e t.ic
same as ours. Wulfens figure represents the edges of the lea\cs
very much crisped and curled.

Uha rdmosa . Huds. ed. i. 476. Rocks and stones in the sea,

Cornwall, Devonshire, and Hampshire. A. May — Oct.

F. Membranaceous, jagged ; segments dilated, waved ; endiviaeto'
edges curled and set with wart-like dots, Lightf. li us,

948.

V

I04

CRYPT OG A M I A . ALGfE. Fucus. E. (2) Flat, riblefs t

PELLUCID.

Two or 3 inches in length and breadth ; pale red, thin, mem-
branaceous, without rib or nerve. Branchings irregular, seg-
ments broadest towards the ends, waved, curled and fringed.
Fructifications small, red, elevated, wart-like dots; at the base of
the fringe; each containing 10 or 12 seeds. Lightf. This ap-
pears to be a smaller plant than the F. laciniatus, but unlefs the
greater size of its fructifications will distinguish it nothing hither-
to mentioned is sufficient to do it.

Frith of Forth, and coast of Jona. Aug.

Unceola'tus. F. Stem strap-shaped : leaves membranaceous, without a

midrib, strap-spearshaped, simple, mostly on leaf-
stalks, edged with procefses of various lengths.

Staehh.n.i 3~GmeI.2 1 .3.

Plant about 4 inches high. Stem near 1 \ inch. Leaves flat,
membranaceous, pinky red, strap px strap-spearshaped, i^- inch
long, from the breadth of a straw to % that size ; fringed, or ra-
ther winged with appendages of very various lengthspthe larger
ones \ inch long and these sometimes toothed at the edge, but
without any appearance of fructification. This has been consi-
dered by Mr. Hudson and others as a variety of his ciliatus, but
it differs in having a stem, in shewing no granulations on the
iringe of the leaves, and also in their shape. It is nearer to the
F. holosetaceus, but has no appearance of bristles on its surface.

Further observations are wanting to determine whether it be
really a distinct species. I suspect that the procefses from the
edge of the leaves may be other leaves in an unfinished state of
growth.

F. ligulatus . Gmelin. But that name having been given by
Mi\ LigHtfoot to another well established species, it could not be
retained.

Specimens from Mr. Stackhouse, gathered on the coast of
Cornwall.

hoioseta'ceus. F. Stem short : leaves membranaceous, without a midrib,

edged with prickle-shaped teeth and producing simi-
lar prickles on both surfaces.

5 * ’

Gmelin 21.2.

Membranaceous, firm, diaphanous, pale, without a mid-rib,
branched, 6 inches over, branches alternate, somewhat winged.
Primary leaf 1 inch broad, secondary 2 lines; edges fringed with
distant, upright bristles differing in size, simple or forked. Both
surfaces have some of these bristles which are stiffer and some-
times hooked. Gmelin. Stem of an inch high; whole plant

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Fucus. E. (2) Flat, rtblefs, 101

PELLUCID.

/ f

from 3 to 5 inches high ; blood red. Leaves from ■£■ to near ■§■ an
inch broad, the former not branched, but all of them edged with
prickle-shaped substances the same as those on the surface. These
vary much in size, are sometimes compound, but have never the
appearance of fructification like the fringe in the F. laciniatus.

F. holosetaceus. Gmelin.

Var. 2. Leaf simple, i to if inch long.

Mr. Lig’ntfoot arranged this as a variety of his F. ciliatus,
but the existence of the prickles and the length of the stem in-
duce me to consider it as a young plant ot the F. holosetaceus.

On rocks and stones in the sea; chiefly in the Summer and
Autumn. [On the Cornish coast. Mr. Stackhouse.]

F. Leaves flat, membranaceous, without a midrib ; chain- pro'lifer.
like-proliferous, cloven at the end.

Light f. 30, at p. 949 -FI. dan . 708.

Membranaceous, red, without a midrib, 4 or 5 inches long, a
single leaf about j of an inch broad. Proliferous from the sur-
face, not from the edge : shoots forked. Fructifications red spheri-
cal warts scattered on the surface of the leaves, smaller than a
pin’s head. Lightf.

A singular variety of this may be expected in Mr. Stackhouse’s
second fasciculus of British marine plants. He tells me it is pro-
liferous only at the edges and at the lacerations, and that its habit
is perfectly distinct from the plant of Lightfoot, approaching to
the F. palmate, but pofsibly a new species.

Western coast. P. Jan. — Dec.

F. Stem comprefsed, nearly simple : leaves pointing from fimbria'tus.
two opposite lines, strap-shaped, fringed : fructifica-
tions along the edge, oblong. Huds. 574*

Gmel.fuc. 20.2.

A foot high, or more ; membranaceous, diaphanous, fine red,
paler by places. Leaf winged. Leafits on ..very short leaf-stalks,
lower ones the shortest, upper ones as much as 4 inches long ; ob-
long-spearshaped, sometimes proliferous, alternate or opposite,
edges fringed with wedge-shaped substances. Gmelin fuc. 173.

Who observes that it is a native of the Indian ocean.

The figure of Gmelin quoted as above by Mr. Hudson for
this plant, it it had a midrib would be a much better representa-
tion of the F. rubens of the English botanists than 24. 1, of the
same author ; I have never seen a specimen of Mr. Hudson’s F.
fimbriatus, but suspects that he may have only had before him a
large and perfect plant of the F. rubens.

On the sea shore in Portland Island, but rare, P. Jan.. — Dec.

io6

cris'pus.

membrani-

fo'lius.

pirmatif'idus.

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL. Fucus. E. (2) Flat, riblefs ,

PELLUCID.

F. Membranaceous, forked ; segments broader at the
ends. Linn.

II. ox .xv .8 . row 2.6.

Between cartilaginous and membranaceous ; purple or whitish ;
broader upwards ; at the ends bluntly toothed. Linn. From 2
to 6 inches high, the smaller specimens the broadest and the most
membranaceous, the taller ones narrower and more cartilaginous.
Not F. crzsjpus of Hudson.

F. Cartilaginous, flat, forked, narrow at the base, wider
upwards : fructifications oval, horny imbedded tuber-
cles, containing numerous seeds.

Gmel. fuc.j.i .2 and 3.

This plant is subject to great variations, as is evident from
the figures. It is green, purple, or brownish yellow. Cartila-
ginous in the narrower, membranaceous and pellucid in the broa-
der parts. Branches riblefs, all of one height; from 2 to 4 inches
high. It has been considered by our botanists as the F. cer-
anoides of Linnceus, but besides other differences, its want of
terminating tubercles or mafses of seed-vefsels will always dis-
tinguish it.

F. ceranoides. Huds. and Gmel. not of Linn. On the Sufsex
and Cornish coasts.

Var. 2. The ends membranaceous, widened, torn. R. syn.

44- n • I9-

Stackh.u.i i-Ge?neI.fuc.22.o)~a?td ib. 23.

Four inches high ; membranaceous, pellucid, fine red. Stem
flat, nervous, enlarged on each side with membranaceous rudi-
ments, which expand into broad leaves ; these leaves are hand-
shaped with many clefts, waved, scolloped, riblefs, irregularly
divided, clefts differing in depth, generally three at the end,
which is rounded. Gmelin fuc. 183.

Fucus l ace ms. Linn. Fucus Palmetta. Gmelin. Sea shores,
common.

Var. 3. Fructifications on fruit-stalks.

Found by Mr. Stackhouse on the Cornish coast, at Fowey.

Sept.

F. Leaves gristly, flat, riblefs, branched ; toothed with
winged clefts : teeth callous, blunt.

Stackh.'u.i 1~Gml.fuc.16. 2 and 3-H.0x.xV' 8. row. 2. 2.

*

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Fucus/F. (i) Cylindrical, 107

OPAKE.

Substance cartilaginous, pellucid. Stems roundish, many to-
gether, springing from a roundish base or fixed to the stones.

Leaves winged, leafits opposite or alternate, blunt. Gmelin fuc.

155. Leaf 3 to 6 inches long, strap-shaped, below narrower and
thicker, brownish red, towards the end paler and yellowish ; seg-
ments blunt. Huds. rt. 30. It is found either very much divided
into blunt segments, in branches rising from the root with a na-
ked stem at first wide at bottom and tapering like a fern leaf; or
else divided alternately and distantly into short blunt segments,
not at all, or rarely subdivided ; or lastly it forms a matted cover-
ing to the rock as thick tufted as a mol's and not more than i£
inch high. Its colour variable from olive to deep red, of a tender
structure, and pellucid. These plants fructify in the segments,
the seeds may be seen imbedded, and with high magnifiers per-
forations become visible. On cutting these parts the seeds are
discharged in the field of the microscope. This is the only ma-
i rine plant I know which has a strong odour of a peculiar kind.

It has improperly been called Pepper Dulse, for it does not in the
least resemble that spice though it has a biting and disagreeably
aromatic flavour. Mr. Stackhouse. It varies very much in
size, from 1 to 6 inches high, and the leaves from nearly the
► breadth of a straw to the slendernefs of a small pin.

jF. pinnaiif.dus and F. midtifuius. Huds. Rocks and stones in
the sea in Devonshire and Hampshire. [Bill of Portland. Mr.

Stackhouse.

F. (1) Cylindrical, opake.

* \

F. Cylindrical, somewhat branched, entirely covered with lycopodioi'des
short bristle-like leaves.

Fl.dan.35j.

About 9 inches high, as thick as a quill ; branches few, thin-
ner : colour dark yellowish brown, the whole entirely covered
with, short bristles. Fructification not yet discovered.

Have not seen the plant, but understand it has been found on
our coasts.

F . Thread-shaped but comprefsed ; repeatedly forked ; tomento'sus.
velvetty ; angles at the forks rounded ; the ends
blunt.

» -

Stackhouse. pi. J-H. ox. xv. 8. row 2.j-Pct. gaz.q.. 12.

Plant about 6 inches high, of a fine grafs green, sometimes
inclining to olive. Stem short, roundish, hollow. Branches

i©8 CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Fucus. F. (i) Cylindrical ,

OPAKE.

nearly all of a size, which is that of a small quill. When taken
iresh from the sea and viewed in a bason of water, it has the ap-
pearance of a sponge; when a little drained it has a most beauti-
ful soft veivetty appearance. When examined with a powerful
microscope it appears to be a collection of tubes set in a stiff, solid
membrane, without the least resemblance to the fructification of a
Fucus, so that I expect it must form a new genus. Stackhouse.

On the Devon and Cornish coasts. On the long rock between
Marazion and Penzance, plentiful. Mr. Wenman. And at St.
Ives; also at Menabily near Fovvey. Mr. Stackhouse.

J i'lum. F. Plant thread-shaped ; tough, somewhat twisted ; opakc.

Stac kh. i i . i o-i7. dan, 8 2 1 -Pet -gaz. 9 1 . 5 .

Leaves not swimming on the surface of the water but just be-
low it. Linn. suec. n. 1153. Thread-shaped, thinnest at both
ends, about a line in diameter, undivided, smooth, filled with
mucus, separated internally into joints, cartilaginous, brittle,
often matted together, twisting spirally when dry. Colour green,
blackish brown when dry, bleaching on the shore to a straw
colouc or a white. Gmel. fuc. 132, Besides the twist of the
plant there is generally a spiral seam to be observed. The crofs
partitions are not at such regular intervals as in a Conferva.
They consist of reticulated membranes with here and there shin-
ing glafsy threads, beaded with air bubbles as in the air bladder
of F. nodosus, and no doubt for the purpose of inflation. The
fructification is principally towards the top of the plant, and con-
sists of clusters of seeds infinitely smaller than those of the F.
vesiculosus, adhering to the inside coat or swimming in its fruc-
tiferous jelly which is not formed into net-work, though evident-
ly vascular. There are no visible openings to allow the escape
of the seeds, but the plant decays at top when ripe, and the seam
opens. I have seen it 17 feet long, or more ; it is only brittle
when dry. Mr. Stackhouse. The bleached specimens some-
times shew the joints extremely distinct, as is the case with one
now before me sent by Major Velley, who observes with Mr.
Lightfoot that the transverse septa almost reduce it to the genus
Conferva.

The transverse partitions are about 6 in every inch of the
plant, but not very regular.

Sea Laces . Rocks and stones in the sea, common. P.Jan. — Dec.

filifor'mis. F. Gristly, thread-shaped, comprefsed, forked, pointed.

Huds. 585.

Leaf -l a foot long, semi-transparent, reddish. Huds. n. 39.

Mr. Pludson refers to no figure and I have seen no specimen,
so that this species rests entirely upon his authority.

oL4<.J) . /24.

<3.

Ulva defracta

JJ3.

P1.XVII.

?//y/a f/?run l/iou/e, ),

/. v//?/ rrst/sA)

*

LCRYPTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Fucus. F. (1) Cylindrical,

OPAKE.

Rocks and stones in the sea near the Isle of Walney, Lanca-
shire. • P. May— Oct.

F. Cylindrical, somewhat forked : branches parallel, blunt,
tubercled; the divisions of the forks oval, not an-
gular,

Pl.iy.fi.

From 5 to 9 inches high. Root compact, cartilaginous, ad-
hering strongly to the rocks. Stems undivided for the- space of
3 or 4 inches from the root, when they become forked, and pro-
ceeding 3 or 4 inches higher strike out into a continued series of
very short forked branches clustered together. All the stems are
perfectly cylindrical, nearly of an equal size throughout, seldom
larger than a crow-quill, but in general thicker than the F. fasti-
giatus and F. furcellatus, and are more regularly forked than any
,1 have met with, the F. loreus excepted. It differs from the other
forked Fuci in invariably maintaining an oval mode of growth
instead of an angular one at the forks, and also in the rounded
blunt termination of the branches. At the latter end of summer,

Ion examining the forked tops of the plant, several of them ap-
peared replete with opake substances. On making a longitudinal
incision into these, I clearly discovered, by the help of a mode-

Irate magnifier, the form and direction of these vefsels which pro-
ceeded from a point, or kind of puncture in the inner side of the
membrane. They evidently grew in a conical shape, and re-
sembled a Peziza. The tops of these Peziza-form vefsels were
regularly dilated and somewhat prominent, covered with small
dark globular grains. Differs from the F. fastigiatus and furcella-
tus , in being lefs branched than either of them, but particularly
in the forked extremities of the latter constantly originating in
acute angles. It differs also from the F. rotundus of Gmelin; for
besides the forks being acute in the rotundus , the fructifications
grow in excrescences on various parts of the stem ; and for this
last reason among others, it cannot be the F. angulatus of that
author. Mr. Hudson has named this plant the F. tuberculatus ,
but as several other Fuci put on tuberculaied appearances in matu-
rity, I have in conformity to its character, and mode of growth,
called it F. bifurcatus. Major Velley. Stem single, long;

' twice or thrice forked near the top. Whole plant cylindrical,
I semi-transparent. Fructifications perfectly transparent and beau-
tiful ; consisting of red brown orbicular mafses. The ends of the
; plant were tubercled, and on cutting off a slice the reticulated
jelly and the mafses of pear-shaped seeds were very visible. Its
fruit is ripe in November. Mr. Stackhouse.

Fucus tuberculatus . Huds, Fucus Kali geniculato siwiUs, non
tamen genieulatus* Pay sytt, 43.13, (F. tuberculatus. Lightf. 926,

2

109

bifurca'tus.

I

J 10

rot lin'd us.

fastigia'tus.

\

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL. Fucus. F. (i) Cylindrical ,

OPAKE.

is F. purpurascens.) On rocks and stones in the sea near St.
Ive’s, Cornwall. [Acton castle, Cornwall, in pools left by the
tide, plentiful. Mr. Stackhouse.] F. June— Oct.

F. Cylindrical, forked; angles of the forks acute : fruc-
tifications wart-like, on the stem and branches.

Gmi 57.6.3.

Substance soft, colour yellow green, or purplish : height
about 9 inches : thicknefs that of packthread. Gmelin. Its habit
that of F. bifurcatus, but readily distinguishable from that by
the fructifications being lateral, not terminating, and the angles
at the forks being acute, not rounded.

On the Southern coasts. At Cromer, Norfolk. Mr. Woodw.

\ ItM

F. Thread-shaped, forked, branched: branches nearly of
the same length ; the terminations either blunt or
spear-shaped.

Stackh.pl. (i~Velley.pl. y-Fl. dan. 393-//. ex. xv.g.rozv 2.9 -Gmel.
fuc. G. 1 , the end of a branch.

Varying in height from 3 to 12 inches, and in colour from
green to olive, brown, red, and purple. Mr. Stackhouse.
Cartilaginous, rather thick, 6 inches high, or more, colour yel-
lowish or olive brown. Stem cylindrical, thicknefs of a small pack-
thread, upright, branched. Branches rising to an equal height,
forked, shorter than in the F. furcellatus. Fructifications • on the
ends of all the branches, egg-spearshaped flatted vesicles, border-
ed by a furrow, opening at the top when ripe, and pouring out a
prolific mucus. Gmel. fuc. 106. Bleaches to the colour of isin-
glafs, and has then a horny appearance when dry.

F. fastigiatus. Linn. Rocks and stones in the sea.

P. June — Oct.

Var. 2. Ends of the branches short, blunt.

Var. 3. Uppermost branches longer and more tapering to a
point.

FI. dan . 4 1 9 -Id. ox.xv. g . rozu 1 . y-Gmel.fuc. 6.2.

Six inches high ; cartilaginous, opake, brown turning black;
the young plants reddish brown or greenish. Stem single, split-
ting at about an inch from the root, or else rising in two or more
separate stems from its origin. Branches shaped like a worm,
filled with slime containing granulations. Gmel. 108. Ap-
proaches very nearly to F. fastigiatus , but longer, and the
branches thicker. Linn. F. fastigiatus and furcellatus are one and !
the same species. I have a specimen in my pofsefsion, in which
' l

1 1 1

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGiE. Fucus. F. ( i ) Cylindrical,

OPAKE.

they both grow from one root, and one branch is divided with
furcellatus on one part and fastigiatus on the other. F. fastigiatus
I am inclined to think will be found to be the male, and furcella-
tus the female plant. Mr. Woodward. The admirable figures
of Mr. Stackhouse and Major Velley fully illustrate Mr. Wood-
ward’s observation. If we may suppose that Gmeliri and Light-
foot have been mistaken about the blunt ends of the branches
pouring out a prolific mucus, then it will follow that these are
shoots which have not yet put forth the strap-spearshaped fructi-
fication : but if they are right Mr. Woodward’s conjecture will be
confirmed.

Fucus fastigiatus of Wulfen, figured in Jacq. coll. iii. 14. 2,
is perhaps the plant of Linnaeus. It is much finer and smaller
than our plant, scarcely more than an inch high, and nearly as
broad. Our plants are divided and subdivided into forks about 4
times, but Wulfen’s 6 or 8 times.

F. lumbrkalis. Huds. ed. i. 47 1 . F. furccllatus, Huds. ed. ii. p.

589. Rocks and stones in the sea, and on the sea beach.

P. Jan. — Dec.

Major Velley informs us that Dr. Smith thinks the real F. fur-
cellatus of Linn, has not been found on our coasts. See Velley’s
'Marine Plants; but this supposition is irreconcileable with the
opinion of Linnaeus himself in Sp. pi.

E *

F. Cartilaginous ; thread-shaped but comprefsed ,* forked: gigarti'nus*
fructifications globular, on fruit-stalks ; those at the
end with a thorn-shaped segment beyond them.

A hand’s breadth in height. Stiff, upright, pellucid, thread-
shaped but comprefsed, coloured ; branches but few from the
sides in proportion to the fructifications. Fructifications glbbular,
about the size of rape seed, sitting on a short branch resembling a
fruit-stalk, which sends out a little branch under the globule, and
longer than it. Linn. Globules of fructification dimpled at the
point, which is probably the part destined for the escape of the
seeds. Seeds egg-shaped ; imbedded in a thick mucus the colour
• of the pulp of a pomegranate.

On the coast of Cornwall.

F. Somewhat comprefsed, much branched : bulbs immersed nodicaulis.
but projecting from the lower part of the stem.

Stackh. ii. ir.

About 6 inches high. Root discoid, shooting out immediately
into numerous principal branches which have sometimes the
fleshy bulb imbedded, at other times there are smaller conical
roots at each side which send out branches. Upper parts of the

1 12 CRYPTOGAMIAj ALGAi. Fucus. F. (2) Cylindrical,

PELLUCID.

plant much branched. Olive coloured when young, reddish
when fully grown. The bulbs are evidently intended for one
mode of propagation. When torn off by the waves* a branch
from the principal stem oiten resembles an onion sprouting up.

It is of a spongy solt texture, which added to the convenience of
its imbricated bark for receiving seeds, causes it to be so infested
with other Fuci Confervas, Sec. as, to be quite overwhelmed, and it
isalso the favourite residence of many Zoophites. Stackhouse.

On the coasts of Cornwall; at Penzance and at Acton Castle.

diffu'sus. F. Gristly, thread-shaped, forked, straddling, spreading,

FIuds. 589.

Plant 6 inches long, of the thicknefs of shop packthread, yel-
lowish or purplish, semi-transparent, very much straddling, the
ends pointed. PIuds. n. 55. At present I believe unknown.

Rocks in the sea. Cornwall, Devonshire, and Portland Island.

P. Jan. — Oct.

F. (2) Cylindrical, pellucid.

dasyphyflus F. Cartilaginous, much branched ; branches thread-shaped,

rarely subdivided: leaves cylindrical, blunt, slender
at the base, scattered.

Linn.Tr. ii.23.1 . at p. 241.

From 4 to 6 inches high ; bright red, pellucid, rather tender'
and gelatinous. Branches from the root very numerous, thick as
a small packthread, more leafy upwards. Leaves from 1 to 4 lines
long, about ■§■ a line broad. Fructifications minute dark red tuber-
cles, sitting on the lower part of the larger branches, rarely on the
leaves, Mr. Woodward.

Found by Mr. Wigg, at Cromer on the coast of Norfolk, also
on the beach at Yarmouth. June.

ovaMis. F. Com pro Fed, branched : leaves oval, very entire. FIuds.

stem thread-shaped; branches forked: leaves oblong,
round, on leaf-stalks. Lightf.

Gmel.fuc. 18.4.

Soft, but cartilaginous, pellucid, white, about 2 inches high.
Stems numerous, full 2 inches high, cylindrical, branched on every
side. Branches like the stems. Leaves somewhat winged, leafits
alternate. Fructifications terminating, swelling with seed-bearing
granules. Gmelin fuc. 162. Leaves oblong-eggshaped, distend- 1
ed, not flat.

f

TRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. Fucus. G. (i) Capillar^, ti

OPAKE.

F. ovatus. Huds. ed. i. 468. F. vermicularis. Lightf. 958.

Ilmel. Sea rocks and stones near Scarborough, Yorkshire, and
Jihrist Church, Hampshire. Huds. In basons of water on the
ea rocks on the little isles of Jura. Lightf. A. May — Oct.

G. (1) Capillary, ofake.

7. Thread-shaped, comprefsed ; very much branched; aculea'lus;,
branches set with awl-shaped, alternate, upright
prickles.

Stackh.8-F/.dan.^^^-H.ox.xv.g. row 1 .4-Gmel.fuc.12.

One to 2 feet long. Root thick, in some degree globular, from
irhence 2 or 3 principal stems proceed, which throw out branches
|>n each side in an alternate series, 2 Or sometimes more growing
jrom the same knot or joint; and these also are subdivided into
long slender thread-shaped but flattened leaves, each of which,
p s well as the second branches, are armed with short sharp-pointed
\ >rickles. Stems thread-shaped. Plant olive green. MajorVELLEv.
r hem crooked, twisted, wiry, the size of a small quill, solid, shin-
ing, smooth. Branches set with soft prickles pointing upwards.

\fruetif cation in the forks of the lower branches, wart-like, irre-
rular, granulated, yellowish, studded with brown. Stackhouse.

1 Nereis Britann. p. 25. We are indebted to this gentleman for
1 he discovery of the fructification, which he found in winter, and
{he suspects that many other species are only to be found in fruit
1 luring the winter months.

Rocks and stones in the sea, Devonshire, Cornwall, and Nor-
thumberland. P. May — Oct.

Var. 2. muscoides. Huds. 590. Thread-shaped : branches very
Numerous, diverging, zigzag.

Rocks in the sea. Yorkshire, Northumberland, but not com-
i non* P. May— Oct^

Var. 3. caudatus. Stalks cylindrical, branches more subdivided.

■ ilGHTFOOT 926.

This has been well compared by Gmelin to the tail of a sorrel
i torse, which in its recent state it much resembles, the green hue
i rising from its decay. It is much more glutinous than F. acu-
1 eatus.

Rocks off the Bill of Portland. Mr. St ackhouss.

j \ Thread-shaped , much branched: branches alternate ; purpuras^
little branches crowded, hair-like ; tubercles egg- cens*
shaped, distant, within the substance of the branches*

Vol. IV— H

H4

plica’tus*

eonfervoi'des

CR Y P TOG AM I A . ALGAL. Fucus. G. (i) Capillary,

o p a k e .

Velley pi. 2 ; (but lei's branched and the ultimate branches lefs
hair-like than in my specimens. The figure seems to have
been drawn from a young plant.)

The tubercles, (which are yellow and oval when ripe,) when
held between the eye and the light, appear transparent, and when
nearly ripe have a red spot in the centre, which we suppose to be
a cluster of minute seeds. Lightfoot. From 6 to 12 inches
high; rather gristly, but tender; green wheh young, purplish in
maturity, in the former case nearly opake, in the latter more
transparent.

F. Gristly, semi-transparent, hair-like, branched, matted
together.

Stachh.y-Gmelfuc . 1 4.2 -Pluk. iS^-Fl.dan.qoS.

About C inches high ; horny, tough, orange red, rigid and
brittle when dry. Stems very numerous, crowded together at the
root, cylindrical, serpentine *, little branches from the sides, and
forked at the end. Gmel. fuc. 1 42. Sometimes only 3 or 4
inches high; fine dark pinky purple, readily bleaching to a fox:
colour, transparent in its bleached state, scarcely, so when in full
colour. Ends of the branches either forked or entire. Gmelin
calls his plant orange red, and Plukenet’s is said to be gold colour;
ours is like isinglafs in the bleached state, in which it usually pre-
sents itself.

Rocks and stones in the sea. A. May Isov.

F. Gristly, thread-shaped, branched : branches very long:
fructifications lateral, globular, sitting.

Stackh.8-FI.dan.358 and 650-Gmel.fuc.13.

Two feet high, or more ; cartilaginous, yellowish green or
brownish purple. Stem upright, thicknefs of thin packthread.
Branches very long, often pointing 2 ways, often alternate, often
without any regular order. Small scattered globules on the sides
of the branches. Gmelin. Tender, transparent, ro9e or olive
colour, or both. From 6 to 24 inches long. Branches of the same
thicknefs throughout. Fructifications scarlet semi-globules sit-
ting on the sides of the branches without any regular order. The
branches are often much entangled by the action of the waves,
but it may be easily distinguishecT from F. plicatus, even in its
entangled state, for that plant is very horny and stiff, and appears
to be matted and entangled, not by the waves, but by its peculiar
mode of growth. Stackhouse. Nereis Britann. p. 27. Fructifi-
cation: sometimes in clusters, rather conical than semi-globular,

1

C R Y P TOGA MIA . ALGAE. Fucus. G. (1) Capillary,

OPAKE.

with an aperture at the apex, out of which may be prefsed a thick
pulpy fluid, replete with extremely minute seeds.

F. Jlagellifo rmis. Lightf. 928. F. verrucosus. Huds. Stack, and
Bot. arr. ed. ii. Rocks and stones in the sea. Sufsex, Hampsh.

Devonshire and Cornwall. [At Menabilly and Fowey. Mr.
Stackhouse.] P. June — Oct.

F. Thread-shaped, very much branched : branches alter- capilla'riso
nate : little branches mostly pointing one way, awl-
shaped, short. Huds. 591.

Leaf nearly ■§• a foot long, blackish purple. Branches alter-
nate, hair-like, long. Little Branches semi-transparent, very
short. Huds. n. 63. I believe it is yet a doubt what plant Mr.

Hudson means.

Stones in the sea near Sheernefs, Isle of Shepey, Devonshire
,and Cornwall. P. April — Oct.

F. Thread-shaped, very much branched ; branches crowd- incurVus,
ed with shoots ; the ends rolled in : ultimate branches
1 awl-shaped.

Gmel.fuc. 1 1 . 1 .

Root spongy, irregular. Branches crowded with shoots, but
not tiled. Colour blackish purple. •Mr. Stackhouse. Stem a
foot high, or more, branched. Branches set on every side with
crooked sharp bristles, all pointing upwards, of different sizes,
sometimes £ an inch long. Fructification consists of globules sit-
ting, or on foot-stalks, on the sides or in the forks of the branches.

Gmelin fuc. 127. Our specimens not more than 4 or 6 inches
high; rigid, opake, black, but when viewed against a strong
tight the younger branches appear of a brownish red.

Rocks and stones in the sea. Sufsex. [Thrown in thick
lumps on the shore at Weymouth after a storm, and also on the
:oasts of Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.] P. Jan, — Dec.

F. Very much branched ; branches and their subdivisions subfus'eus,
thread-shaped, scattered: leaves awl-shaped, nearly
alternate : fructifications in panicles : capsules with
S seeds. Mr. Woodward.

Linn.tr, 1.1*2. at p, 134,

About 6 inches high, the size of small twine. Branches nu-
merous, irregular, crowded upwards, nearly as large as the stem.

Capsules in the bosom of the leaves, on short |ruit~stalks, about

H 2

115

ji6 CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. Fucus. G. (2) Capillary ,

PELLUCID.

the size of a small pin’s head; pale, semi-transparent. Mr.
Woodward.

Cromer on the coast of Norfolk. Mr. Wigg. A. Winter.

amphib’ius. F. Thread-shaped, much branched : branches alternate,

rolled in : little branches very shart, many-cleft :
fructifications oblong, on fruit-stalks. Huds. 590.

Ray Syn. 2. 6, at p. 60-P/uk. 47. 13.

About an inch high, wooddy, livid or greenish, to blackish.
Stem soon becoming branched. Branches dividing and subdividing,
alternate, the ultimate branches extremely fine. On the sides of
the branches there are short teeth, which swell and coil up ; they
contain slime, and seem to perform the office of fructification.
Gmel. fuc. 135.

F. scorpioides. Huds. ed. i. 471. Rocks and stones in the sea,
and in saltwater ditches and salt marshes. P. July — Sept.

r, . • . ,

varia'bilis. F. Thread-shaped, much branched, rough : branches tiled,

hair-like : little branches very short, bundled, finely
toothed. Huds. 591.

Leaf \ foot long, stiffish, opaque, black. Branches very nu-
merous. Little branches with many clefts, toothed, teeth blunt.
Huds. n. 62.

F. conferv&ides . Huds. Not F. confervoides Gmel. syst. nat , and
Jacq. misc. iii. 14. 1. Stones and rocks in the sea, in Yorkshire
and Cornwall. P. May. — Oct.,

/ 1 j

lano'sus. F# Hai|>like, forked, much branched, rough. Linn. Fruc-*

tifications tubercled, lateral. Huds. 590.

A span high, resembling black wool. Rough with dots
placed nearly in whirls and only visible when magnified. Lins.
This plant does not appear to have been found lately, it stands
therefore solely on the authority of Mr. Hudson.

Rocks and stones in the sea. Isle of Walney, Lancashire.

P. July— Oct.

* • 1

4 ......

G. (2) Capillary, pellucid.

/ * * < 41 .

Thrix. T. Hair-like, tubular, unbranched ; many threads from,
the same base,-

Stackh.\u\2 •

CRYFTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Fucus. G. (2) Capillary, 117

PELLUCID.

From 2 to 6 inches high, npt thicker than a pin, smallest at
bottom with a spiral seam. Its top is frequently found decaying
and then ends in filaments which are continued through the plant.

These filaments are pellucid, with transverse partitions and dark
granules, which may be the seeds. I think from its fructification
that it is not properly a Fucus. Mr. Stackhouse; who first
found it at Penzance, and at Acton Castle.

F. Thread-shaped, pale, pellucid, much branched: branches tenuif'simu*-
hair-like : fructifications lateral sitting globules.

About 4 inches high ; very slender and hair-like. Branches
1 2 or 3 rising together from the same point. Fructifications 1, 2
’ or 3 together, frequently 2, and on opposite sides of the branch.

On the Southern coasts, near Christ Church, Hants. At Wey-
mouth. Near Margate. Summer.

F. Stem thread-shaped, much branched : leaves like bris- asparagoi'des
ties : fructifications globular, alternate, on fruit-
stalks opposite the leaves.

i

Linn. tr. ii. t. 6, at p. 29.

About 6 inches high, bright red, extremely tender. Leaves
1 red, or greenish, scarcely thicker than a hair. Globules of fruc-
tifications the size of poppy seed, on short fruit-stalks equal in
I length to the capsule, and the whole i-3d the length of the leaves.
i Woodward in Linn. tr. ii. ag.

Found by Mr. Wigg on the beach at North Yarmouth.

*

, F. Gristly, thread-shaped, comprefsed, much branched : cor'neus*
branches alternate, from 2 opposite lines ; winged :
segments opposite, bristle-shaped : fructifications
roundish, on fruit-stalks.

G««w.ii.2.8.

From 3 to 7 inches in height; dark red, sometimes green,

? semi-transparent. Segments horizontal, very short, rather strap
I than bristle-shaped.

Var. 2. Plant smaller, branches lefs regular and broader in
• proportion to their length.

Gniel. 15.3.

Grows in matted clusters. Mr. Stackhouse.

Fucus sericeus. Gmelin. p. 149. F. nercideus. Lightf. Both
I sorts found on our Southern and Western coasts. May— Oct.

H 3

18 CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Fucus. G. (2) Capillary,

PELLUCID.

fili'cinus. F. Leaves gristly, comprefsed, blunt, mostly triply wing-
ed: segments horizontal, blunt. Huds. cd. ii. 586.

(F. filicinus. Lightf. 955, is F. pinnatifidus.) Rocks and stones
. near Walney, Lancashire. A. May — Oct.

I believe it is not certainly known, what plant Mr. Hudson
here intended. Mr. Lightfoot thinks it must be a var. of the F.
pinnatifidus, the plant being larger and the segments wider; but
Dr. Goodenough has lately informed me that it is a var. of the F.
corneus.

pinna'tus. F. Gristly, thread-shaped, comprefsed, generally triply

winged ; segments awl-shaped, nearly upright.
Huds. 5S6.

Leaf 3 inches long, red, sometimes doubly winged, pointed;
segments opposite, very short. Huds. This stands entirely on
the authority of Mr. Hudson. Dr. Goodenough thinks it can be
nothing but the F. corneus.

Rocks and stones in the sea, Cornwall, Devonshire, Sufsex,
and Scarborough. A. May — Oct.

#

al'bidus. F. Gristly, thread-shaped, somewhat forked: branches

bristle-shaped, distant, mostly pointing one way :
fructifications lateral, roundish, sitting. Huds. 588,

Jacq. coll. iii. 1 4. i—Gmel.fuc.i 4. 1 .

From 2 to 12 inches high, or more. Stem cylindrical, carti-
laginous, but tender, very pellucid, set with numerous small dots
with a perforated appearance ; branches from near the root ; resem-
bling the stem, nearly as thick, but very short; divisions and sub-
divisions of the branches finer and finer. Branches often on one
side, sometimes on both; sometimes forked, generally solitary.
Warts or capsules, lateral, sitting,' frequent, pellucid, solitary, or
in pairs, distant or crowded, varying in size, open at the top.
Gmelin 136. I have seen a specimen sent to Major Velley
from the Eastern coast by the Hon. Mr. Wenman, which by no
means accords with Gmelin’s figure, though it agrees pretty well
with his description. In this specimen the branches are winged
with and terminated by bristly threads as fine as hairs ; the fruc-
tifications are pretty numerous, some sitting in the forks and on
the sides of the branches, and others terminating the above-men-
tioned bristly threads, so that they appear as if standing upon
fruit-stalks. This may be known from the F. verrucosus by the
brandies tapering to a point, whilst in that they are of equal thick-
nefs, nay rather thinner at their origin.

Rocks and stones in the sea, common, P. June— -Oct,

CRYPTOGAMIA. A LG .FA Fucus. G. (2) Capillary ,

Pellucid.

F. Gristly; comprefsed; more than doubly compound
winged 1 segments strap-shaped.

Mill. illustf.—Gisek. 2 $-GmeL fuc. 17. 2, the very end is the only
part which gives any tolerable idea of the ramifications.

Stem deprefsed, very much branched. Branches alter nate, ve
ry long, alternately winged, with an odd one at the end. mgs
cut into winged clefts ; segments thick, awl-shaped and fruai ic-
ing at the ends. This plant is often 3 feet htgh, its substance
gristly, its colours very elegant, but variable, leddish g'c ,
brownish red, yellowish, and all these often existing in the same

individual plant. Gmelin fuc. 158. .

Rocks and stones. Cornwall. Stevens m A. syn. 58b.

P. Jan. — Dec.

0

F. Gristly, thread-shaped, comprefsed, branched, doubly
winged; segments club-shaped, with tubeicles a

the end.

VelleypL 3.

From 3 to 5 inches high; the stem as thick as packthread, of
the colour of isingiafs, but the outer coat of the branches al,J tI,c‘
segments have a beautiful pink colour. Fructification consists ot
oblong eo-o-.shaped grains or seeds within the substance of tie
Stiff tubercles! The plant has a strong sme 1 of violets
It frequently grows, upon the edge of the Fucus filum. \ f.ll. r

11131 Stones and rocks in the sea, near Hastings, Sufsex, and on
the Devonshire coast. May— uct.

F. Gristly, comprefsed, much branched : little branches
alternately pointing one way : fructifications gio nuar,
lateral. Muds. 58 6.

StachhM. 1 3-C/«.ii.25o.i-Grr. em. 1 573.9 -Pork. ■ 289- 2-Gnel.
fuc. 1 6 . i - Pink . 4 8.2.

Substance membranaceous, gristly, fine red, often with some
white or vellow intermixed, very rarely green; about 4 incites
hio-h ; (sometimes much lefs.) ' Stm half a lme m diameter, cy-
lindrical but deprefsed, upright, soft, flexible, soon becoming l.at.
■ Branches, the large ones alternate, long, exactly similar to

stem. Secondary branches winged. m*gs composed of hick
awl-shaped segments, somewhat crooked, from 2 to 5 lines ong
Fructifications globular, black, sitting on the sides of the stem o,
branches; nowand then one appears With a sho.t t.ji.-sua .
Gmelin fuc. 154,

120

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. Ulva.

F. cartilagineus. Huds. ed. i. 473. F.plocamium. Gmelin and
Lightf. Rocks and stones in the sea, very common.

P. June.*— Oct,

plumo'sus. F, Rather membranaceous than gristly; spear-shaped ;

doubly winged; feather-like: stem thread-shaped ;
comprefsed; branched. Linn. Fructifications on
fruit-stalks, globular, radiated, Huds. 587.

Stackb.pl. 1 %-Gunn.\\.2 . 1 g-Fl.dan.^^o-R. syn.2.^,atp.6o.

About 5 inches high, purple red. Stem deprefsed, very much
branched, branches irregular, tiled; leafits doubly winged, with
soft, undivided, crooked threads, thickest at the end and with
something of a jointed appearance. Gmelin fuc. p. 152.

Resembles F. abrotanifolius , but is winged like a Hypnum , and
small. Linn. In its beautiful colour, its delicate texture and its trans-
parency it agrees with the F. coccjneus, but differs from it in the
ultimate leafits being placed regularly on each side the branches,
whilst in the former they are only on one side, and generally 3
together.

• Rocks and stones in the sea ; very common. P. Aug. — Oct,

peduncula'- F. Gristly, thread-shaped, branched: branches bristle-
tus* shaped, bearing fruit, scattered: fructifications scat-

tered, on fruit-stalks, oblong. Huds. 587.

Leaf 9 inches long, semi-transparent, yellowish. Branches
very simple, long. Fructifications numerous, small, brownish.
Fruit- stalks long. Huds. n. 49. I believe unknown at present.

Rocks and stones in the sea. Portland island. A. July — Sept,

UL/YA. Fructifications small globules dispersed
through a pellucid membranaceous substance.

pi'shor'mis. U. Globular, solitary, spongy, brownish. Huds. 572.

Plant from the size of rape seed to that of a 'pea, spherical,
with an interwoven network, pulpy, brownish green. HuDs.7z.23.

Ditches between Greenwich and Woolwich.

A, March — Aug.

prunifor'mis, JJ, Nearly globular, solitary ; green; succulent within,

Wieg. obs. 2.4.

Of the size and shape of a plumb, sometimes rather flatted on
one or other of the sides ; the rind of the thicknefs of the rind
pf a plumb; within full of a viscid pulp, containing either in

2

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAE. Uiva.

?2I

the middle or a little on one side some grains just visible. Mostly
loose, but sometimes adhering to jointed Conferva’s. Linn, suec .
n. 1159. Of the size of a sloe or bullace. Huds. 572. Mr.
Stackhouse observes, and I think with justice, that neither this
nor the preceding fall properly under the genus Ulva.

Pitches and pools, and the alpine lakes of Westmoreland.

A. May — Oct,

U. Gelatinous, pale yellowish, pellucid, somewhat cylin-
drical, with numerous branches of various sizes.
Woodward in E. hot . 263,

E.bot.z 63.

Very fleshy and. juicy, the surface smooth ; colour varying
from a very pale brown almost like that of wet sea sand, to a
clear yellow; and then looking just like barley sugar. The
whole substance abounds with innumerable minute seeds. On
1 the sea coast in various places. Mr. Woodward in E, hot.

Ulva jlavcscens, Huds. Isles ofAnglesea, and Walney. Huds.
Near Sheernefs. [Drawn out of the sea by a Trawle Net at
Lowestoffe. Mr, Woodward.]

i

U. Flat ; circular ; sitting ; target-shaped ; leather-like,

Dlll.S.^-Lob.ic. ii.2 47.2— y.S-iii-8 13.4.

Somewhat hollow. Border indented ; fixed only by a point ill
the middle, to the substance on which it grows ; of a dark sooty
colour, shining. Uniform, membranaceous, pellucid, very ten-
der, often gelatinous. Lf^/flat, varying much in breath. Gmelin.
214. Circular, concave, fixed by the centre as by a root, and
firmly adhering to the rocks. From 4 to 12 inches broad; smooth,
shining, often torn or perforated by the agitation of the sea; dull
brown, changing to dull purple when dry. Dill. 45. This is
eatable, but it requires 'baking for some hours to make it tender.

On low sea beaches, as near Sheernefs. Dill. On rocks and
stones at low water. Huds. 567. P. Jan. — Dec.

U, Flat; kidney-shaped; sitting; scored crofs-wise,

H.ox.xv. 8. row 1.7 -Ellis. cor. 33. r.

Edges of the leaf and of the bands fringed with very fine hairs.
Huds. «. 1. Seldom 4 inches high; whitish dull green. Ex-
panding upwards like a fan. Kidney-shaped. Surface barred
with crofs lines filled with corpuscles resembling seeds. Gmelin.
fuc. 170. Fructifications at the thin outer edges; first observed
by Mr. Stackhouse.

Rocks and stones in the sea. Rocks at low water mark at the
Look-out, Weymouth. Mr, Stackhouse. F. Jan. — Dec.

dia'phana.

umbilica'lis.

pavo'nia.

J 22

CRYPTOGAMtA. AL GJE.' Ulva.

monta'na. U. Flat, scarlet, growing on the ground, blood-colour-
ed. Lightf. 973.

Leaves without visible roots, many together supporting each
other, about 2 or 3 inches high and as much in breadth, variously
sinuated, leathery, but friable. Lightf. 973. Although Mr.
Lightfoot has arranged this as an Ulva, I have some doubt if
properly so. I have not seen it, but hope the botanists in Scot-
land will give it their attention, and afsure us of its proper place
in the system.

Among grafs and mofs on the sides of mountains. Aug.

lanceola'ta. U. Egg-spearshaped, flat.

DHL 9.5.

Leaves a palm in length or more; very thin, smooth, pale
green. Dill, 46.

On rocks near Llanfaethly in the Isle of Man. Dill.

P. jan. — Dec.

Lin'za. U. Plant oblong; blistered.

Fi.dan.88g-Dill.g.6 .

Bright green, thin, the folded edge even, the open edges in-
dented and curled. Dill, in R. syn. 62, n. 3, and muse. 46. Five
or 6 inches long, about an inch wide, doubled lengthways.
Lightf. 973.

On large stones and rocks in the sea ; and in ditches near
Sheernefs. P. Jan. — Dec.

JatisVima. U. Oblong; flat, waved ; membranaceous; green. Linn.

Somewhat sword-shaped, brown. Hues. 567.

A very long and very broad membrane. Linn, suec.n. 1156.
Leaf 1 to 3 feet long, 2 to 8 inches wide, thin, shining. Huds.
Of no regular shape, extremely thin. Mr. Woodward.

U.fusca. Huds. 567. Rocks and stones in the sea near Sheer-
nefs, in the Isle of Shepey. [Yarmouth Haven. Mr. Woodw.]

A. May-— Oct.

lacinia'ta. U. Leaves flat, purple ; the extremities widening, jagged,

and waved. Lightf. 974.

btf 33 , p. 974.

Seeds minute, numerous, like grains of a red powder, lodged
In various parts of the substance. Greatly resembles the Fucus
laciniatus, hut the fructifications are different. Lightf.

Sea shore, on the coast of Jura. Aug*

1

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGyE. Ulva.

U. Hand-shaped ; proliferous ; membranaceous ; segments
narrower towards the base.

*

Dill. 8. i-Lob. obs. 647. t, and ic. in 247.1 -Dod. 477 ,2-Ger.em.
1 566.2-Park. 1 293.9-jk B.nl.tioi-Matth.i 1 36 -Ger. 1 377.

Leaves incorporated, pale, hand-shaped, each segment grow-
ing out again into hand-shaped leaves; segments waved, inversely
egg-shaped, blunt, transparent. Linn. A foot high or more;
thin pellucid, fine green, upright or reclining. Dill. 42.

Oyster-green. Green Sloke. Scotland. On rocks, stones, and
shells in the sea, and salt water ditches. In the Avon below
Bristol, very large and perfect.

Var. 2, Tender, slippery.

D///.8.2.

Fresh-water Laver. Ditches and pools in the meadows about
Newington, near London. Dill.

1

U. Stemlefs, hand-shaped, flat; without a mid-rib.

Light f 2 7 , at g. 933 -Ralph. 1 - Gmel.fuc. o6-H.ox.xv.8.i .

, Stem cylindrical, very short. Leaf very smooth, waved at the
edge, often proliferous, variously cut into segments towards the
top like an expanded hand ; membranaceous, thin, pellucid,
green or reddish, near a foot broad. Gmelin fuc. 1 8 g.

Dullest?, Irish. Dills , Scotch. Dulls; Dulse; In Northum-
berland. Ray. Fucus pahnatus.

Rocks and stones in the sea. P. Jan. — Dec.

After being soaked in fresh water, it is eaten either boiled, or
dried, and in the latter state has something of a violet flavour. It
is sold in the streets of Dublin, being dried, and is said to sweeten
the breath and kill worms. The poor in the North of Ireland eat
it boiled. Rutty,

' «

U. Stiflfish, horned, growing on the ground.

Dill. 10.13.

Three or 4 inches long, irregularly divided into horn-shaped
branches ; surface various, furrowed and scored, otherwise smooth,
flatted, pale green. Dill. 52. Is it not a variety of Jungermannia
pinguts ? Huos. 652. Certainly not an Ulva, but until it shall
be found again it is better not to risk further error by a hasty re-
moval. I am inclined to think that Dillcnius was right in con-
sidering it as a Tremella.

On the ground in Enfield Chace, near Southgate. Dill. On
the ground in a. liioisj. sandy SQil near Leith. Mr. Yalden in
FI, Scot, March, April,

J

123

Lactu'ca.

palma'ta.

cornuka.

4 24

incrafsa'ta.

dichot/oma.

defrac'ta.

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. Ulva,

U. Flat, indented-toothed, green, the edge thicker. Hud$.

572-

Dill, i o. i o- Vail!. 1 0.3 .

Gelatinous, slippery, green; grows in the water and on the
edges of small ditches. Crowded, irregularly divided, swollen,
but not round, the segments being flattish. Dill. 51.

In the ditches of a field near Chichester, Sufsex, without the
East gate. Dill. Selsey Island, Sufsex, between Greenwich and
Woolwich, near Doncaster, about Spalding and elsewhere in Lin-
colnshire. Huds. On the stalks of Horsetail in a ditch on Sheep's
Green. Relh. n. 1087. A. March-MDct.

U, flat, forked, green.

VgM* 34» atP- 9 75<

Leaf about 3 inches long, flat, greatly dilating upwards and
forking into branches. Branches an eighth or a tenth of an inch
broad; cloven at the ends. Colour pale green, substance mem-
branaceous, very thin, pellucid, in the microscope reticulated.
Seeds small, brown, scattered through the substance of the leaf.
Lightf.

Rocks and stones on the sea shore at low water. Isle of Wal-
ney, Devonshire. Cornwall and Sufsex. Basons of water among
the sea rocks, about Leith and New Haven. P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Brown ; segments narrower.

This sort also is common in Cornwall. It grows in very large
mafses. The segments are long and numerous, but not half so
broad as those of the preceding. Mr. Stackhouse.

U. Thread-shaped, unbranched, diaphanous, viscid.

PLATE XVIII.

Is found in mafses, the stems simple, but variously coiled up,
being very elastic as well as glutinous ; from 8 to 12 inches long,
cylindrical, nearly the eighth of an inch in diameter, terminating
obtusely. It consists of a diaphanous membrane replete with a
clear gelatinous substance. Inner surface of this membrane in-
terspersed on every part with innumerable minute specks, which
at first give the whole plant the beautiful hue of the almond blof-
som; but as the gelatinous substance diminishes, these granulated
substances attain a kind of orange colour, and from the outer fine
membrane collapsing upon them they become more distinct, ap-
pearing almost as if fixed on the outer surface.

Found not unfrequently, at low water, on the beach at Wey-
mouth; but I never could discover any root upon the various spe-

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^. Ulva*

cimens I have examined. As they adhere closely together, and
are very tender, they are probably broken by the flux of the sea,
ahd torn off from their base. Specimen and description from
Major Vellev. June.

U. Thread-shaped, entire, or but little branched, opake, elminthoi'des
slippery, end bluntish.

PLATE XVII./. 2. '

Resembles a worm in its writhing form, size, and mucilagi-
nous nature. It rises from a thick, blunted base, like glue, fixed
in the interstices of the rocks. It is generally simple, sometimes
a little branched toward the middle of the plant, sometimes 5 or 6
grow together, in which case they are proportionally reduced in
size, which in the largest seldom exceeds that of a goose quill ;
from 4 to 7 inches long blunt at the end. Colour resembling, but
sometimes lighter than that of glue. It is soft, and consists of a
fine membrane which on its internal surface seems crowded with
extremely minute, opake, granulated bodies. If cut horizontally
into very thin lamina, these grains appear fixed in a clear gelati-
nous substance which constitutes the interior body of the plant,

1 and they seem to occupy about one third part of its surface in a
circular direction, leaving the middle part perfectly clear, through
the centre of which a dark parenchymous line pafses, from one
extremity to the other.

Grows in abundance upon the rocks off the Beal, at the ex-
tremity of Portland, at very low water. June, July. I could not
find it in October, so that I suppose from its mucilaginous texture
it soon perishes. Major Velley. Fucus elminthoides . Bot. arr.
ed. ii.

t

U. Tubular, simple, equal, membranaceous, green. iutestina'li?.

D:l/.g,y-BuxFv.z^.i .

Varying greatly in size ; simple or branched, from the thick-
nefs of a quill to that of a walking-stick, and an ell or two in
length; hollow; very unequal on the surface, yellowish when
young, changing to a fine green. Dill. 47.

Mostly in ditches near the sea, but sometimes in fresh water
ditches. Very common in Cornwall, and of all sizes. The in-
side often filled with sand so as to represent a pig’s pudding. Mr.

Stackhouse. A. March — Oct.

U. Tubular, uniform, simple. PIuds. 569. fistulo'sa.

Raot creeping. Leaves numerous, pipe-like, closed at the end,
brownish, 3 inches long, of the thicknefs of shop packthread.

Seeds numerous, small, round, brown. Huds. n. 13.

Stones in the sea, and on Fucufes. A. May — Sept.

\

126

CRYPT OG A MIA. ALGyE. Ulva.

compres'sa. U. Tubular, branched, comprefsed.

Dill. o. 8. and io. 8 -Pet. gaz.- g. 6, allowed by Dill, to resemble
it, but he afserts it to be a different giant, though it certainly cor-
responds with the plant when not branched , as Dilleniu s himself
allows it sometimes to be.

Pretty solid, unequal, winding, with cells of unequal dimen-
sions communicating one with another. Branches scattered, but
little branched. Linn. Tubular, sometimes branched, com-
prefsed, straight or bent, smooth, even. Dill. qg.

Rocks, stones in the sea, and in salt water ditches.

A. Jan. — Dec.

purpuras'- {J, Tubular, very much branched ; nearly round : branches
cens* opposite, pointed. FIuds. 569.

Stem 6 inches high, of the thicknefs of packthread, purplish,
semi-transparent. Branches opposite, mostly pointing two ways,
round, pointed. Huds. n. 11. Not uncommon in Cornwall.
It is a beautiful transparent, tubular and almost gelatinous sub-
stance, of a pale purple or pinky colour ; not much branched,
but the branches very long and tapering. Mr. Stackhouse.

Near Christ Church, Hampshire. Huds. A. March — Oct.

• /
ru'bra. U. Thread-shaped, forked, red. Huds. 571.

Leaf if inch long, blunt. Branches long. Huds. n. ig.

Stones in the sea, near Christ-church, Hampshire.

A. May — Sept.

plumo'sa. u. Thread-shaped, branched : branches strap-spearshaped,

winged, shining. Huds. 571.

Stem a finger’s length, flatted, of a brownish reddish hue.
Branches flatted, closely winged, reddish green, wings jelly-like,
hair-like, very green. Huds. n. 20.

Rocks and stones in the sea, near Exmouth, Devonshire.

P. April — Oct.

ru'bens. U. Thread-shaped, very much branched, reddish : branches

scattered, horizontal, blunt. Huds. 571.

Leaf 4 inches long, nearly the thicknefs of shop packthread.
Branches short. Huds; n. 18.

Rocks and stones in Portland Island, and near Pool, Dorsetsh.

A. May — Oct.

127

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Conferva. (i) Threads simple,

equal ,

U. Thread - shaped, very much branched, purplish:
branches scattered, distant, very long. IIuds. 570.

Leaf 6 inches long, nearly of the thicknefs of shop packthread.
Branches blunt. Huds. n. 16.

R.ocks and stones in the sea. Near Christ-church, Hampshire.

A. April — Sept.

U. Stem and primary branches of equal thicknefs, broadest
at the origin of the branches : ultimate branches very
numerous, of equal thicknefs, filled with close set
w h 1 ds of fructification s .

So very slippery that when first taken up it glides through the
fingers.

This non-descript Ulva was sent me by Major Veliev, with
the following descripton. It is a large plant; the lower part of
the main stem consists of a lubricous skin which in the 2ndary
branches become gradually finer till those branches terminate in
minute ramifications composed of granulated vefsels pointing two
ways. It is not improbable that the globules in these branches
may be the source of proliferous vegetation, for numerous slender
shoots may be observed to pullulate from them. Major Velley.
The fructifications are more regularly disposed than is usual in
this genus, and its fine branches and pink colour give it a good
deal of the appearance of the Conferva corallina.

Sea .coast.

CONFER'VA. Fibres hair-like ; uniform or jointed ;
branched or unbranched; containing globular
granules.

Obs. Mr. Stackhouse, whose situation near the coast of Corn-
wall is highly favourable for the examination of the Fuci, Ulva*,
and Conferva?, in all their states of growth, afsures me that all
the latter are tubular, and the tubes divided by septx or partitions,
but those more obviously jointed are contracted at the septa*,
whilst the others are uniformly cylindrical.

(1) Threads undivided, equal, without joints,

C. Threads very long.

Dill. 2 .i-Mieb.8g.j-Lob.obs.6r)±, 1 -Ger.eni. 1 57 o. 1 1 -Fark.i 261.2.

Entirely formed of threads, from 1 to 2 cubits or more in
length, extremely slender, floating, not branched, green, shining
like silk. Dill. 12.

Crow-silk* Slowly flowing brooks and rivers. P. Jan, — Dec.

filifor'mis.

verticilla’ta*

rivulaTis.

128

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL. Conferva. (2) Thteadi

branched , equal .

Var. 2. Shorter and thicker.

Dill. 2 . 2 -Mich. 8 9 . 6.

Wide spreading, 1 to 2 feet long; thick as a hair, rarely
matted, pale green, shining. Dill. 13.

In ditches in fields near Mitcham, Surry. Dill.-

»

fontina'lis. C. Threads shorter than one’s finger.

FI. dan. 6 5 1 . 3 -Dill. 2 . 3 -Mich. 8gA.io.it .

Consisting of very fine, short, unbranched, hair-like threads,
crowded together. Varies in colour, in aerated waters ochrey
and harder, in common springs brownish or dark coloured, in
rivulets dark green. Dill. 14. — Threads an inch long, collected
about a centre, which is yellowish, the extremities dark green.
Linn.

On stones in rivulets and springs. In the New River near
Hornsey. Dill. A. March — June.

4 \ I •

confrago'sa. C. Threads slimy, violet-coloured, not a finger’s length,

Huns. 592. Lightf. 976.

Dill. 2. 4.

The whole forms a slippery mucous substance. Threads short,
so fine and so densely crowded together that no eye can distinguish
whether they are entire or branched; shining when dry, and of
a fine violet colour. It adheres to the paper without gum. Dill.

Near Llanberris, Wales. Dill. On rocks in the waterfalls
on Goatfield, in the Isle of Arran. Lightf. A. May — Oct.

(2) Threads branched , equal.

furca'ta. C. Threads branched at the ends : branches simple. Huds.

592*

Dill. 2.6.

Extremities 2 or q forked: pale, not shining, nearly white
when dry. Dill.

Gently flowing brooks. A. Oct.^-May.

Var. 2. Threads shorter; thicker; and more branched. Dill*

Dill. 3.10.

Threads 2 to 4 inches long, irregularly dispersed, not taking
any determinate figure in the water, about as thick as a hair ;
green, greyish and not shining when dry. In spring and sum-
mer it is of muddy dull green ; in autumn it seems renovated and
changes to a more lively green. Dill.

Ditches, [Rivulet west of Mazarion. Mr, Stackhouse. 1

/

12)

CRYPTOG. ALGiE.

Conferva. ’(2) Threads \ branched ,
equal .

C. Threads forked.

Dill. 3.9.

Grows upright, crowded together; dull green. Threads
smooth, from 4 to 12 inches high, or more, forked diyisiojisf be-
ginning about the middle, and these again repeatedly divided
and subdivided into other forks. Dill.

Below Charlton, Kent, in the marsh ditches near the Thames;
Merr. 28. Salt water ditches between Greenwich and Wool-
wich. Dill. Near Gravesend. Huds. P. Jan. — Dec. Dill.

C. Threads matted together, inclosing air bubbles.

Dill. 3. iT.

Threads slender, 3 inche.s to a foot or more in length, green,
or dull yellowish green, soft, rather silky,' sending out from the
sides other finer and shorter threads. The threads are so much
matted together, as to retain bubbles of air under the water. Dill.

Ditches, pools, and the sides of cisterns.

A. March — June. Huds.

Spring, summer, and autumn, and in cisterns all the year.
Dill. In salt marsh pools at Weymouth. Mr, Stackhouse.

C. Threads more branched towards the base; branches

Dill. 4.15.

long.

Densely crowded, deep green, soft and spongy or velvetty to
the touch. Tb'eads and branches slender, very much branched
downwards, but little so towards the ends, 1 to 2 inches high ;
soft and herbaceous when taken out of the water, but when dry
it acquires an almost stony hardnefs, from the mud adhering to it.
Dill.

- Clear brooks and mill pond troughs. Dill. P. Jan, — Dec.

C. Threads when dry uniting into stiff sharp points.

Dill. 4-. 17.

Fibres innumerable, densely matted together, extremely fine,
so that it is difficult to say whether it be branched or not : green.
In streams it grows 2 or 3 inches long, and thrown on the shore
the threads unite in bundles at the top, and adhere so as to have
a thorn-like appearance. In other situations it forms a kind of
skin oh the ground. Dill.

Banks of rivers, ditches, damp walls, Autumn and Winter; .
and in summer in moist shady places. P. Jan — -Dec.

Vol. IV. — I

dicllot'oma.

bullo'sa.

canaliculak is

amphibia.

130 CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGifc. Conferva. (2) Threads branched ,

equal .

rig'ida. C. Threads very much branched, stifEsh ; lefser branches

alternate, very short.

£)///.£. 1 6.

Several stems arise from one common base, fixed to a stone.
Dull green, tending to- brownish ; moderately stiff, somewhat
hairy. Stems branched on every side, and divided, particularly
towards the ends, into fine fibres.. Dill.

Clear water and where the stream is most rapid. In a stream
on Hounslow Heath, and in the Lug near Mortimer’s Crofs,
Herefordshire. Dill. P. Jan.— -Oct.

• ■*«...•» . ^

foenicula'cea C. Threads very much branched ; branches and subdivi-
sions of the branches very long, scattered.

D///.2.8-J3arr.ri2 3. 1.

Threads irregularly divided like the leaves of fennel ; soft
and greenish when young, brownish and stiffer when old. Dill.

Isle of Man on rocks covered by the tide. Dill. Cornwall.
IJuds. A. June— Oct.

litto ralis. C. Threads soft, very much branched, continuing to

lengthen, roughish.

Dill, 4.19.

« x

From 4 to 12 inches long, yellowish green, with very nume-
rous slender hair-like divisions ; very soft and tender, but not
gelatinous. Dill. The figure of Dillenius is erroneous, as
giving an idea of a principal stem and branches, which is not the
case. Mr. Stackhouse.

C. plicata. Huds. ed. 1.484. Rocks and stones in the sea.
Very common in the pools left by the tide at low water. Mr.
Stackhouse. Summer.

toinento'sa. C. Threads very fine, very much branched ; branches un-
divided, long, crowded, brown.

Dill. 3.13.

Brownish red, especially when dry. Threads covered with a
downy coat which it is difficult to remove ; but this and its colour
readily distinguish it. Dill. Threads almost infinitely divisible.

The figure of Dillenius does not exprefs the habit of the plant,

, which is loose, straggling, and interwoven like a lock of wool.

Mr. Stackhouse.

Rocks, stones, and on Fuci. A. May — Oct.

2

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGiE. Conferva. (2) Threads branched, j •

equal,

1 ,

C. Threads very fine, very much branched: branches un- al'bida,
divided, bundled, whitish.

-D///.3.1 2.

Threads nearly an inch long, whitish. Branches alternate.

Little Branches bundled, simple, whitish, rising nearly to the same
height. Huds. Pale green. Threads so fine as hardly to be dis-
cernible by the naked eye. Substance soft, both fresh and also
when dry, like cotton. Dill.

Ditches, bogs, and pools. — Island of Selsey, Sufsex. Dill.

[Rivulet to the west of Marazion. Mr. Stackhouse.]

A. Oct. — May.

C. Threads branched, soft, shorter than one’s finger, very aeruginosa,
green.

O 1

> Dill. 4. 20.

Colour an elegant cserulean green, which it retains when
dry, so that this alone distinguishes it. Threads short, numerous,
very fine, shining and silky when dry. Dill.

1 On Fucuses, but not very common. . A. June — Oct.

* _

C. Threads branched, very long: branches alternate, ni'gra.
many-cleft, very short. Huds. 595.

Threads 5 inches long, stiffish, black. Branches bundled.

Huds. n. 1 5.

Yorkshire coast. A. May — Oct,

C, Threads proliferous, of the same length, rough with scopa'ria,
hair.

Dill. 4..23-J.B. Yii.81 1 . 2-Lob. obs. 648. 2, and ic. ii. 249. 2-Dod.

475. 2-Ger.em. 1571 .2-Park. 1 296.3.

Branches woolly and hairy, spreading in all directions ; smaller
branches nearly of equal length, finely toothed ; dull green ;
reddish brown when old and dry. Dill.

Sea shores, common. A. May — Oct.

C. Threads branched : branches alternate, short, with many cancella'ta,
finger-like divisions.

DHL 4.22.

Colour pale, dirty. Stem giving out many crooked branches
near 2 inches long, which are set with hair-like threads or ten-

I 2

132 CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^E. Conferva. (3) Threads inoscu-

lating.

drils, giving a roundish figure to the branch, with an appearance
of holiownefs within. Dill. The lateral filaments retain air as
if in so many vesicles. Linn.

Stones and rocks in the sea, common. ?. Jan. — Dec.

h • ■

multif'ida. €. Threads very much branched : little branches opposite,

very short, many-cleft. Huds. 596.

Threads 4 inches long, somewhat jelly-like, red, Branches
opposite, very long. Little Branches very fine, remote, and ap-
pearing whirled. Huds.

Stones and rocks in the sea on the coasts of Hampshire and
Dorsetshire. A. May — Oct.

(3) Threads growing into one another .

reticula'ta. C. Threads uniting so as to form a sort of net-work,

1

Dill.^.i^~Pluk.2^.2~H»ox.xv^. row ^.^-Pet.gaz.^i .3.

Whole plant resembling a net, green, the meshes 4 to 6 cor-
nered. Relh. Silky, shining, green. Threads solid, nearly as
thick as a hair, connected so as to form a net, with meshes of 4,
5, or 6 sides. Dill.

Ditches and pools about Hounslow. A. May — Oct.

(4) Threads hairy .

intcrtex'ta. C. But little branclred ; branches short, of equal thicknefs*:

substance a closely interwoven texture without a
midrib.

Specimens sent by Major Velley from Weymouth, and by
Mr. Stackhouse from the Cornish coast. Hardly an inch high,
branches few, about the thicknefs of common packthread, the
fibres closely matted together so as to form a dense substance like
the felt of a man’s hat. I am doubtful if it be not properly a
-sponge. « ■ ,

' ■ s . %

spongio'sa* C. Little branches very short, undivided, tiled on all sides,

Huds. 596.

H.ox.xv. g, row 2.6.

Shoots 4 inches long, growing in a circular form. Branches
-few, tough, black, wholly covered with greenish short fibres, if.

I

I t

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG,E. Conferva. (4) Threads hairy.- *33

ex. p. 650. 6. Rises from a single stem, 2 or 3 inches high;
branches and their subdivisions all of one size. When first taken
up it is like a wet sponge, which is caused by very fine filaments on
every part of its surface, which point upwards and retain the
water. Colour very dark brown, inclining to black. Mr.

Stackhouse.

Rocks and stones in the sen. [Sandy crevices at low water
mark, near Fovvey, in Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

C. Knee-jointed, branched : branches awl-shaped, forked, equisetifo'lia,
in whirls. . '

H.ox.xv.g. row 2.7.

» 1 ' 1

Size of a packthread, 3 or 4 inches long; red. Stem branched.

Branches generally alternate, taper, lower ones the longest ; these
and their subdivisions closely covered with whirls of short forked
hairs, lying one over another. Stems, branches, and joints red,
the other parts diaphanous. Lightf. 983.

C. imbricata. Huds. Rocks, stones, and Fucuses in the sea.

[At Penzance, and at Menabilly, in December. Mr. Stackh.

verticillaka.

Stems many from the same root. Branches irregular, the
whole covered with close whirls of fine, short, elastic, forked
hairs, curving inwards. Lightf. Grows matted together. Sub-
stance tough and horny. Has the habit of the Lycopodium cla-
vatum. Mr. Stackhouse.

Among sea rocks in basons of water left by the tides.

Lightfoot. [At Polkerris near Fowey, Cornwall. Mr. Stack-
house.]

C. Threads branched, knee jointed : little branches whirled,
forked, bowed in. Ligiitf. 984. Huds. 653.

Oes. The 4 species in this subdivision may be readily distixi?
guished by the following circumstances.

C. intertexta. Has no midrib, hardly an inch long, has the colour
of a sponge and the texture of macerated wash-leather. It
is much more entitled to the name spongiosa than the fol-
lowing.

C. spongiosa. This is 2 or 3 inches high, of a dark brown green,
has a strong midrib tiled on every side with short, stiff,
bristle-like threads, so that it much resembles the tail of a
hound.

C. equisetifolia. This has been named from its mode of growth
resembling some of the Equisetums. It is from 3 to 3
inches high, of a red clay colour. The jointed midrib

\

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGiT. Conferva. (5) Threads beaded.

surrounded by whirls of short filaments, but these being
longer than the joints it is entirely covered by them.

C. verticillata , is about 3 inches high, dark green, branches few,
forked, midrib jointed, whirls of filaments not longer than
the joints, and not so thick set as in the preceding, so that
the midrib is sufficiently visible. In the older plants these
filaments become white and opake.

(5) Threads beaded like a neck-lace.

«

flu viat'ilis. C. Threads undivided, bristle-shaped, straight ; knots

thicker than the threads, angular.

Dill.y.^'j-Vaill.^.^-Pluk.ig^.j, cop in Pei. 106.6.

Stems several from one common origin, 3 or 4 inches long,
thickest below, with few or no branches ; spaces between the
knots, oblong. Smooth, dull brown purple. Dill.

Rivers. Near Bangor. Brewer in Dill. 39. — Yorkshire,
Cumberland, and Westmoreland. Huds. 597. P.Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Green, contracted at the joints.

Dill. 7. 48.

Resembling the above, but dull green, not slippery, rather
stiff, contracted at the joints. Dill.

Near Ludlow, Shropshire, at the New Bridge. Dill. 39.
[Rivulet in Garn Dingle. Mr. Griffith.]

a’tra. C. threads bristle-shaped, very much branched, brownish
black : joints globular, almost jelly-like. Huds. 597*

D///.7.46.

Spreading. Threads very slender, 2 inches long; knots very
numerous, smaller towards the ends. Dill.

•Springs and brooks. In the Isle of Man, Brewer in Dill . 39*
Near Martin, Surry. Huds. P. May — Dec.

I " ' . #

✓

gelatino'sa. C. Threads branched ; joints globular, jelly-like.

Weis, at p. 33. t. i-Dill. 7.42.

One to 3 inches long, dull reddish brown or blackish,, pellu-
cid, gelatinous, very slippery. Branches divided and subdivided,
formed of globules strung together like a neck-lace. Dill.

In springs and rivulets of pure and limpid water. In a large
clear spring in Godalmin near the high road, and near Chichester,
Sufsex. Dill. Between Greenwich and Woolwich. Huds.

CRPTYOGAMIA. ALG^E. Conferva. (6) Threads jointed.

[Clear springsat Lansdown, near Bath. It does not resemble a

•*Te°-etable. It is more like some kind of spawn. Mr. Stackh.]

A. Jan.— Dec.

Var. 2. Green.

Dili. 7.43.

Smaller than var. 1 , and thinner; •§ to i-£ inch long ; gteenish.
Dill.

In a brook on Enfield Chace. Dill. Spring and summer.
Var. 3. Pale green.

Dill.']. 44-

Crows on dead fibres of Fontinalis, and on the veins and
nerves of dead leaves. Globules lefs closely set, very tender,

pellucid, pale pleasant green. Dill. , ,,

In the same rivulet with var. 2, but in places where the
stream ran more rapidly.^ Dill In stagnant waters near Man-
chester. Harrison in Dill.

1 ~ /

Var. 4. Blue.

Dill. 7. 45.

>

Grows on several aquatic plants, and. sometimes on stones;
branched, slender, globules nearly equal in size,' blue. Dill.

Small lakes or pools at the foot of the mountains near Llan-
berris, and in ditches in Clifton Mofs, 3 miles from Manchester.

Pill.

\

-

(6) Threads jointed .

G. Threads not branched ; joints alternately comprised.

Fl.dan.7jl. 2-Dill. 5'2£.A.

Threads very long, winding, entangled, not branched ; joints
numerous ; floating in the middle of the water. Dark yellowish
green ; when dried whitish with dark green joints. Dill. . .

These figures of Dillenius are unnaturally folded ; it is rigid,
and always grows in straight lines, in a mafs togethci ; very long.
It decays at the top, becoming pellucid and colourleis, and the
ripe seeds appear like little dots clustered together. Mr Stackh.
Pools and shallows where the sea water is left on the ebbing

of the tide. Kent, Sufsex, and Isle of Man. Di ll.

* * v A. March. — Oct.

Var. 2. Smaller and shorter.

:fi CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG^C. Conferva. (6) Threads

jointed.

Finer, and shorteV than var. i ; 12 to 1 8 inches long; not
branched. Dill.

In fresh water. In Hackney river. Dill.

ftrei'cola. C. Threads not branched, very fine, jointed, very short,

crowded together.

Ve Hey ic.pict.

Consists of numerous filaments hardly f inch in length, closely
matted together at the base from whence they diverge sometimes
in a circular direction. Joints very numerous. Colour muddy
yellow or brown. Velley’s Marine plants. The filaments of
nearly equal thichnefs, diaphanous, not properly jointed but with
numerous partitions acrofs them.

In the sea in the spring, upon the Fucus nodosus and F, vesi-
culosus, first found described and figured by Major V e l ley.

*

• 1

Coral lina. C. Threads forked white ; joints purplish, thicker at the

end; branches acute.

Ellis in Ph. tr. lviii ./. F. at p. 4.26-Di/l, 6. 36. :

Of a fine scarlet when fresh. Fructifications in whirls at the
ends of the joints. Ellis. Slippery, very tender, whitish, or fipe
red ; always dividing and subdividing into forks ; almost vanishes in
the attempt to dry it. Dill. Consists of many branches, equal
in size, and breaking into sub-divisions, sometimes 5 or 6 inches
high. When young it is composed of very pale green transpa-
rent fibres ; as it approaches towards maturity the septa appear
more distinct, the joints become more rounded, and replete with a
scarlet liquor which in a short time ouses through the tender skin,
but it shews its joints very distinctly even after the discharge of
this liquor. A very singular instance of irritability appeared in
this plant upon immersing it when quite fresh, into fresh watpf.
After it had been in the water a few minutes, several fibres were
observed to move in an horizontal direction with a quick convul-
sive twitch, then to stop suddenly. This they continued to do
for some length of time. I repeated this experiment several
times, and the same effect ,was produced, provided the plant was
fresh. At first I attributed it to a separation of air from between
the joints of the Coqfqrva, but this ought to have been seen
when rising up fo the surface of the water. I tried the experi-
ment in salt water* but did not observe the same effect. Major
V E L l e y .

Confirm geniculatat Ellis ib. p, 425, Stones anej. rocks in the
sea. On stones at Ccckbush, on the Sufsex coast, and on the

CRYPTOG. ALGAE. Conferva. (6) Threads jointed.

Isle oflnys y much, near Bangor. Dill. — Near Brighthelmstone,
Sufsex. Ellis. — [Very frequent near Weymouth. Mr. Stack-

house.]

A May — Oct.

C. Thread-shaped, jointed ; joints alternately comprefsed ; tubulo'sa*
Linn. Very much branched ; joints oval. Huds.

Dill, 6.39.

From 2 to 4 inches long, irregularly divided and sub-divided
into branches, yellowish green. Branches knotted or jointed,
hollow. Dill. 34.

Conferva tubulosa. Huds. 6co. Ulva confervoides. Linn. In
Gmelin’s Syst.veg. it is entered, by oversight, both as a Confena
and as an Ulva.

Rocks and stones in the sea ; and on Fuel. A. Summer.

C. Threads forked : branches very long, bristle-shaped ; seta'cca,
joints cylindrical. Huds. 599.

Dill. 6.37.

Sometimes forked, sometimes irregularly divided, divisions
more or lels frequent, but I have never observed it entire. Colour
( reddish purple, or greenish red. Dill.

The figure of Dillenius is by no means characteristic. This
is evidently distinct from Conf. corrallina, the joints much more
slender and not thick at the ends. It differs also from that in
producing sjiort lateral thorn-like substances. Fructifications in
glpbular clusters on short lateral pedicles; rarely found. It may
readily be known by the intolerable odour which it imparts when
rec,e n t . Ma jo r V p l l e y .

Stones and rpeks in the sea. A. May — Oct.

C. Branches forked, long, bristle-shaped : joints very elonga'ta.
short. Huds. ed . /. 484. ed. ii. 599*

P breads 9 inches to a foot long, of the thicknefs of fine pack-
thread, smooth, brownish purple, branched at the base. Branches
very long. Huds. n. 27. Co?if. elongata of Gmel. syst.veg. is
Hudson’s C. rubra.

Stones and rocks in the sea on the coast of Devonshire, Corn-
wall, Sufsex, and Isle of Man. A. April — Oct.

f •

C. T breads forked, the points approaching like forceps ! cilia'ta.
joints fringed. Huds. 399.

FJhsin Phil . Prans. vol. 57. p. 425. t, 18. f. H. h.

On the fmer. kinds of Fuci. , • A. May^Sept.

138 CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGJE. Conferva. (6) Threads jointed

polymor'pha C. Branches in bundles, nearly of the same length.

Ellis Phil, trans.v0l.5j .t. 1 ?>yaip.cp2()~Dill. 6.oc-Barr. 1 301 -Pet,

\ g-Pluk.cgj .xo-Fl.dan.^^-Barr . 1 290.1 and 2'.

Not so long as the other species but more bearded ; with nu-
merous branches rising from the base which are very much branch-
ed. Male and Fern, on distinct plants. Linn. Capsules trans-
parent. Seed readily observable if examined in water with a
a microscope. Male Flowers in catkins. The capsules contain-
ing the seeds are placed in the forks at the termination of the
branches. They are almost transparent, and when magnified the
seeds are visible within them if the plant is kept moist with water..
The male flowers are. collected into catkins, which stand on the
terminations of the branches, not in the forks Ellis ih. In some
specimens the seeds are fixed in the vesicular distended points of’
the branches ; in others there are globular substances in the forks
of the branches. Major Velley. Mr. Stackhouse also doubts
the accuracy of Mr. Ellis’s observations.

On Fuci, especially on F. nodosus and vesiculosus.

P, Jan. — Dec.

ru’bra. C. Very much branched; branches distant, acute : joints
cylindrical, short. Huds.

Ellis in Phil. Trans . vol. 57 . /. 1 8 . e . E-Dill. 6.38.

Fructifications resembling a strawberry or raspberry, surround-
ed with a leafy calyx. Ellis. Fructifications nearly sitting, soli-
tary, roundish, with an awl-shaped thread beneath each. Huds*.
About 4 inches high, divided and sub-divided into numerous
branches ; colour reddish. Dill. The leafy calyx mentioned by
Mr. Ellis is only the young shoots breaking out at the knots.
The fructification is globular, with the seeds immersed, as in ma-
ny other species. Mr. Stackhouse.

C. nodulosa. Lightf. 994. C. elongata. Gmel. syst. veg. Rocks, ,
stones and Fucuses in the sea. A. May — Oct. .

C. Very much branched; branches crowded: joints cy--
lindrical, long. Hues.

Dill. y. 41.

Divided like a shrub; slippery, red. Divisions and sub-divi-
sions innumerable, hair-like, short, slender, composed of minute
globules. It retains water like wool. Dill.

Stones and Fuci in the sea. A. May.— Oct.

jiodulo'sa. C. Very much branched : joints oblong, those of the lefser

branches roundish, bead-like, Huds,

purpuras'-

cens.

JRYPTOGAMIA. ALGTL Conferva. (6) Threads jointed, T 39

R .syn. 2.3, at p. 60-Dill. 7.40.

Fructifications lateral, sitting, roundish, clustered* Huds.

A very elegant plant. Adheres to stones or to small Fuci.

Spreading; variously branched; globules exactly spherical,
gradually smaller towards the ends of the branches; gela-
tinous, slippery, pellucid, red, or red purple. Dill. Often
attached to other sea plants. Branches not in any apparently re-
gular order, but throwing out ramifications of an equal size, so
that it is not easy to trace out any primary stem. It varies in size,
is very much branched towards the extremities, which terminate
in forks. The septa of the joints towards the summit of the
branches are deeply tinged with red, and appear beautiful. Joints
swollen in the lower part of the stem. The extreme branches
triply forked. Major Velley.

On the Sufsex coast between Bracklesham and Cockbush,and
in the Isle of Man. Dill. A. May — Oct.

Var. 2. Threads finer ; joints hardly protuberating. Lightf.

995. — [Menabilly near Fovvey, Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.]

C. Very much branched; branches forked, like forceps at diaph'ana.
the end ; the partitions very red ; the joints semi-
1 transparent. Lightf. 996.

Ft. dan. 951.

The whole plant seems to the naked eye to consist only of a
branched series of small red dots. Lightf. 996. Thread-like
and almost evanescent. Mr. Stackhouse.

Rocky stones in basons of water left by the tides, and often
adhering to Fucuses. Lightf.

C. Very much branched ; branches opposite: joints cy- pellu'cida.
lindrical, very long. Huds.

Threads nearly 6 inches long, shining, transparent, greenish
purple. Branches mostly 3-forked, joints equal. Huds. w.34.

Rocks and stones in the sea on the coast of Devonshire, Corn-
wall, Hampshire, and Sufsex. A. May — Oct.

•

C. Threads winding ; branches and divisions of the branch- vagabun'da*
es rather short.

Dill. 5. 32.

Very much branched, the ultimate branches divided into ex-
tremely minute divisions and sub-divisions ; pale green ; joints so
small towards the extremities as hardly to be seen with a common
eye-glafs. Dill. Not rooted. Linn. Joints hardly visible to
the naked eye, especially in the finer branches.

Salt water marshes and ditches. A. April — Oct.

iqo

CRYPTOG. ALGAE. Conferva. (6) Threads jointed,

rupcskris. C. Very much branched, green. Linn. Branches and

little branches rather short, crowded. Huds.

FI. dan .948-D///.5. 2 g-P/idi. 182.6.

Intersections of the joints hardly visible to the naked eye.
Ray. syn. 60. n. 19. The juice is green, but the interstices are
coioarlefs. Mr. Stackhouse.

Rocks and stones in the sea, plentifully. P. Jan. — Dec.

Var. 2. Finer and lefs rigid.

D///.5.28.

Two or three inches long, dull green; threads so fine as to
require an eye-glafs to observe the joints. Divisions principally
towards the ends, which terminate in short and extremely slender
hairs. Dill. This is very soft, and different in its habit from
the preceding, which is more rigid and of a fuller darker green.
The joints are not swollen. Mr. Stackhouse.

On the keels of boats at Godstow, Bobart in Dill. 27.

seric'ca. C. Very much branched, pretty long; green: little brandies

crowded, as it were from a centre; very fine.

DHL 5,33-F/. dan. 651 . 1 .

Pour to 8 inches high, divided into very numerous crowded
short branches, fine green in fresh, pale green in sea water. Dill.

Rocks and stones in the sea. Isle of Shepey. In the New
River near London. * P, Jan. — Dec.

1

glomera'ta* C. Little branches rather short, many-cleft.

DdL5.31~FI.ox.xv. 4. rorx 3,2-Fl.dan. 65 1.2-Park. 1261.1.

From 4 to 12 inches long, or more ; green. Branches nume-
rous, divided and sub-divided, the mid-rib still thicker than the
other parts, but the extremities ending in numerous, hair-like,
short, and very fine divisions, so as to have a bushy appearance.
Dill,

Brooks and springs, A. April — Oct.

ful'va. C. Branches and lefser branches alternate, very short:
tawny.

Much branched upwards ; generally forked at the top : colour
tawny, or yellowish brown; pellucid. Joints not swollen. Fruc-
tifications urn-shaped, on the sides of the branches and in the
forks.

[On Fuci and Sertularice in Mount’s Bay, Cornwall. Mr.
Stackhouse.] On stones and Fucuses on the Yorkshire coast.

- A. May — Sept*

CRYPTOG. A LG/E. Conferva. (6) Threads jointed < 141

C. Very much branched, branches very long; lefser nigres'ccns,
branches somewhat bundled, very short, awl-shap*
ed. Hubs.

Threads 6 inches long, forming a turf, of a slight tinge of
j blackish hue, black when dry, smooth. Branches alternate. Huns.
n. 40, About 4 inches high; texture hard, wooddy : branches
j very fine, twisted, not diverging, nodules of fructifications small,

[lateral. Colour brown black. Mr. Stackhouse.

Rocks and stones in the sea. Near St. Ive’s, Cornwall, and
Exmoirth, Devonshire. [Polkerris near Fowey, and at Penzance.

Mr. Stackhouse.]

•

C, Very much branched ; little branches alternate, undi- fusfca»
vided. Huds,

Threads 3 to 4 inches long, blackish brown or reddish; smooth.

1 Branches alternate, long. Little branches short, distant. Frnctfi-
f cations terminating and lateral, sitting, small, roundish, cluster-
! ed. Huds.

Stones and rocks in the sea. A. June — Oct.

[ C. Very much branched ; lefser branches many ■‘deft, the iucoi'des*
lowermost bundled, bearing fruit. Huds.

I /

Threads a foot long, smooth, of a blackish reddish hue. Branches
3 alternate; little branches somewhat forked. Fructifications termb
I nating, radiated, small. Huds. n. 42.

Rocks, stones, and fucuses in the sea. P. Jan. — Dec.

C. Joints woolly : brandies mostly undivided, distant, villo'sa.
Huds.

Threads 6 inches long, green, semi-transparent. Branches
long, bristle-shaped ; joints woolly, or beset with very short very
fine little branches in whirls. Huds.

Stones and rocks in the sea, Cornwall, but rather rare.

A. May- — Sept.

1 * '

C, Very much branched , comprefsed ; branches more than coccin'ea,
doubly compound, alternately winged : fructificati-
ons on distinct plants.

Ellis in Phil. T vans. vol. 57 .pi. 18 .c .C.d.D.-Pluk. 48,2.

From 3 to 6 inches high, bright red, or purple'. Conical like
2 fir tree in its general shape. Stamens and capsules On distinct
plants ; the former growing on short pedicles fixed to the minute

\

142

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Conferva. (6) Threads jointed ,

segments of the branches ; the latter sitting, egg-shaped, on the
sides of the extreme ramifications.

C. plumosa . Lightf. Rocks, stones, andFuci in the sea.

P. Jan. — Dec.

pe nil a'ta. C. Branches crowded, trebly winged, segments awl-shap-
ed. Huds.

Bushy like the tail of a fox. Ray syn. 59. Olive green, with
age changing to brown. The knotted joints only visible on the
primary branches. Major Velley. #

Mr. Hudson has quoted this Synon. from Ray on the authority
, 0f Petivers Herbarium, but Mr. Stackhouse remarks that Ray’s

species stand amongst the kinds without knotted joints. This
however may easily happen, the joints being hardly visible with-
out a Lens. -

Stones and rocks in the sea, between Dover and Margate, and

the Isle of Walney, Lancashire. [Penzance. Mr. Stackhouse.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

parasit'ica. C. Branches doubly winged. Huds.

Threads an inch long, brown. Branches nearly an inch long;.

little wings pointed. Huds. n. 47.

On Fucuses on the coasts of Yorkshire, Cornwall, and Dor-
setshire, common.

xgragrofpila. C. Very much branched; branches extremely crowded,

proceeding from a centre and forming a round ball.

Green; of the size of a walnut, exactly spherical, loose, not
adhering to stones. Threads knotted, green, the knots brown,
o-rowing as close as the balls found in the stomachs of animals,
no solid body in the centre from whence they might be supposed
to shoot. Linn. Bright green, in balls of an irregularly sphe-
rical figure, from 1% to 3 inches diameter, and from their exter-
nal to the internal surface about £ inch, most compact nearest the
surface, covered on the outside with short villi. Watson in

Phil, Trans, vol. 47* F* 499* , _ , __ . T

In mountainous lakes. Walhngfen Moor, Yorkshire; In a

lake 12 miles west of Hull, the water of which is sometimes ren-
dered a little brackish at high tides from the Humber with which 1
it communicates. In many places the bottom of the laKe is cop
vered with these balls like a pavement, and many are left dry on
the shores every summer. Mr. Dixon in Ph . Trans . ib. [In a
large pool called the White Sich, on a common between ShifFnall
and Newport, Shropshire.] P. Jan.— Dec.

! CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Byfsus. (i) 'Thread-like. 143

tBYS'SUS. Substance like fine down or velvet, sim-
ple or feathered.

( 1 ) Thread-like .

3. Threads feathered, swimming upon water. Flos-a'qux.

In the middle of summer it rises and mixes with the water
vhich in consequence becomes greenish and turbid, hardly drinka-
>le for several days, but every night it subsides towards the bot-
om. Bergius in Linn, suec, n. 1182. Weis says it is only a
natter formed of the particles of aquatic plants difsolved by pu-
refaction, which being light rise to the surface of the water. But
have reason to believe that it will prove to be a Conferva, per-
taps the C. bullosa. Observing a pond in the state of flowering,
s the country people term it, 1 examined some of the water, but
he panicles floating in it were so minuty that even with the as-
istance of a very good microscope, I could not satisfy myself as
0 their figure or structure. Two or 3 weeks later in the spring
found tb-eadsy not jointed, not branched, either straight or coil-
'd up like a cork-screw. Some of this water kept in a glafs jar,
ifter 2 or 3 weeks more let its contents subside, and then it began

0 appear like a Conferva. The threads soon became much lar-
;er, and afsumed a jointed appearance.

Stagnant waters. A. May — Aug.

5, Downy, violet coloured, growing on wood. phospho'rea-

Mi ch.QO-, 3-D///. 1 ,6— Mich, go. 3.

Colour vivid, very beautiful and delicate, much finer than the
nest wool.

On the bark of trees and rotting wood. [On the stump of an
sh tree which had been cut down; very fine. Mr. Gregor.]

Oct. — May.

.i

5. Threads simple, very fine, of a verdigris colour. aeruginosa*

Dill. 1.7.

* *

Consists of an extremely fine woolly substance cohering toge-

aer, but so fine that it is not easy to distinguish the fibres. Dill.
ts colour distinguishes it. Forms an extremely thin crust, con-
isting of powdery filaments extremely minute, collected into little
xaps. Weis.

On the stems of dead fern, Cole in Dill. — and rotten wood.

Iuds. [On the pillars in Roslin Chapel, near Edinburgh. It
ad not been found before, since the time. of Dillenius. Dr. J. E.
mith.] A. Aug. — April,

1

2 CRYPTOGAMIA. ALG/E. Conferva. (6) Threads jointed ,

segments of the branches ; the latter sitting, egg-shaped, on the
sides of the extreme ramifications.

C. plumosa . Lightf. Rocks, stones, andFuci in the sea.

P. Jan. — Dec,

i

penna'ta. C. Branches crowded, trebly winged, segments awl-shap-
ed. Huds.

Bushy like the tail of a fox. Ray syn. 59. Olive green, with
age changing to brown. The knotted joints only visible on the
primary branches. Major Velley. #

Mr. Hudson has quoted this Synon. from Ray on the authority
of Petivers Herbarium, but Mr. Stackhouse remarks that Ray’s
species stand amongst the kinds without knotted joints. This
however may easily happen, the joints being hardly visible with-
out a Lens. - ,

Stones and rocks in the sea, between Dover and Margate, and

the Isle of Walney, Lancashire. [Penzance. Mr. Stackhouse.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

parasit'ica, C. Branches doubly winged. Huds.

Threads an inch long, brown. Branches nearly an inch Ion-

little wings pointed. Huds. n. 47.

On Fucuses on the coasts of Yorkshire, Cornwall, and lh

setshire, common.

%

aegrapro'pila. C. Very much branched; branches extremely crowde.

proceeding from a centre and forming a round ball

Green; of the size of a walnut, exactly spherical, loose, m
adhering to stones. Threads knotted, green, the knots browr
^rowing as close as the balls found in the stomachs of animal
no solid body in the centre from whence they might be suppo?
to shoot. Linn. Bright green, in balls of an irregularly sp
rical figure, from 1$ to 3 inches diameter, and from their exter-
nal to the internal surface about £ inch, most compact nearest the:
surface, covered on the outside with short villi. Watson in

Phil. Trans. vol. 47. p. 499* ^ . T .

In mountainous lakes. Wallmgfen Moor, \ orkshire; In a

lake 12 miles west of Hull, the water of which is sometimes ren-
dered a little brackish at high tides from the Humber with which
it communicates. In many places the bottom of the lake is co-
vered with these balls like a pavement, and many are left dry on
the shores every summer. Mr. Dixon in Ph . Trans . ib. Jin a
large pool called the White Sich, on a common between ShifFnall
and Newport, Shropshire.] F. Jan. Dec.

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Byfsu-s. (i) Thread-Like.

BYSSLhS Substance like fine down or velvet, sim-
ple or feathered.

( i ) Thread-like.

3. Threads feathered, swimming upon water. Flos-a'qux.

In the middle of summer it rises and mixes with the water

vhich in consequence becomes greenish and turbid, hardly drinka-

>le for several days, but every night it subsides towards the bot-

om. Bergius in Linn, suec. n . 1182. Weis says it is only a

natter formed of the particles of aquatic plants difsolved by pu-

refaction, which being light rise to the surface of the water. But

have reason to believe that it will prove to be a Conferva, per-

taps the C. bullosa. Observing a pond in the state of flowering,

s the country people term it, I examined some of the water, but

he particles floating in it were so minut9 that even with

istance of a very good microscope- T 1 '

o their fip-ure -
/•

^ <

L I breads simple, very fine, of a verdigris colour. aeruginosa*

Dill. 1.7.

Consists of an extremely fine woolly substance cohering toge-
aer, but so fine that it is not easy to distinguish the fibres. Dill.
ts colour distinguishes it. Forms an extremely thin crust, con-
isting of powdery filaments extremely minute, collected into little
eaps. Weis.

On the stems of dead fern, Cole in Dill. — and rotten wood,
lu ds» [On the pillars in Roslin Chapel, near Edinburgh. It
ad not been found before* since the time. of Dillenius. Dr. J. E.

A. Aug.— April.

144

veluti'na.

purpu'rca.

ni'gra.

au'rca.

fal'va.

CRYPTOGAMIA. AL GJE. Byfsus; (i) Thread-Mu

B. Hair-like ; green : threads branched.

Mich. 8 9 . 5- Dill. 1 . 1 4.

Spread upon the ground like a fine green carpet. Consists of
filaments so fine as not to be distinguished by the naked eye,
crowded and matted together, branched and not branched, ex-
tremely short but mostly upright like the pile of velvet. Dill.
On the ground in the shade, and the moist bark of trees.

A. Oct. — June.

\ ' id

t j • t

B. Filaments npright, simple or branched, very shorty up-
right.

E.bot. 1 92.

Very like a piece of crimson plush. or velvet.

Byfsus rubra. Huds. Stones and rocks, especially on such as
are near the sea. B. Jan. — Dec.

B. Threads branched, rigid, black ; adhering to stones.

Dill, l . 1 8 -Mich. 90. 5- Gled. . 1 . 1 , Byfsus 2 .

Threads short, very black, crowded together. Dill.

Rocks and larger stones in the North of England and Wales.

P*. Jan. — Dec.

B. Hair-like ; powdery ; orange-coloured : fructifications*
scattered : threads simple and branched.

E. hot. 2 1 2-Dill . 1 . 1 6-Mlch. 8 g . 2 -Gled. 1 . Byfsus f. i-Fl.dan.j 18.

1 —Pel.gaz.i ^.3.

Grows in raised tufts. Threads very fine, very short, branched.
or entire, soft, crowded and matted together like a fleece; saffron
coloured, changing to greyish when dry. Dill,

On the sides of caverns. B. Jan. Dec.

h

B. Threads upright, finely feathered ; tawny : fructifica-
tions terminating.

PLATE XVIII. f. 5. a. b.-Dill.i. 17.

Of a rich tawny yellow, which colour it retains when driedJ
When fully grown about 2 inches high, growing in tufts. Each
fibre is divisible into other fibres, but they are all finely feathered
from the base upwards. The ends appear more solid, of a chesnut
colour, and not unlike anthers. When examined in the micros-
cope these chesnet coloured tips all resemble one another, and ap-
pear very different from the rest of the plant. They are. filledt
with granules, and are hispid with bristle-shaped tubes pointing

I

\

CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAE. Byfs'u*. (i) 7 'bread-like. 745

upwards* See PI. 18. f. 5. a single tip magnified. This h
the \yhole that I have yet been able to discover of the fructifica-
tion. We may either suppose the tip to be a capsule, the gra-
nules it contains the seeds, and the bristle-shaped tubes the pis-
tils; or else that the Granules are Germens, and each of the tubes
a case of Anthers.

This plant, whose perfect state of growth seems to open the
way to a discovery of the fructification of the Genus, was observ-
ed by the Right Hon. Lady Elizabeth Noel, growing upon an
old elm chair which received the drippings from a water cistern ;
and I am indebted to the kind attentions of her Ladyship for fine
specimens in the highest state of perfection.

The Byfsus barbata when fully grown resembles this species
in colour and in height, but that is marked by transverse lines
shewing the growth of each year, similar to what we see in the
tubes of the perennial Boleti, and the stems split at the ends into
a number of capillary fibres.

Moist rotting wood, arid tubs used to catch rain water.

A. July, Aug.

B. Threads tawny, nearly upright, and of the same length ; barba'ta.

> the ends branched.

!w' ;■ i; '

DM.i.ig-Mich.go.i.

When young yellow, short, densely compacted, spreading
wide, resembling a fleece of wool. When older it attains the
height of 2 inches, grows upright, but closely crowded together,
the top of each filament dividing into numerous very fine fibres so
as to appear downy. It is then tawny or saffron coloured. The
growth of each year is marked by a transverse line. Dill.

Rotten wood and rotten trunks of trees. A. Jan. — Dec.

. *

B. Threads very much branched : little branches bundled: can'dida-
whitish.

Dill. 1 . 1 5-R. syn. 23, at p. 477.

.Substance tender, woolly, closely prefsed to the Surface on
which it grows; white, or livid, or yellowish. From a broadish
woolly and mucilaginous base arise many slender branches,
spreading more in width than in height ; elegantly divided and
subdivided, the extremities ending in capillary fibres or an ex-
panded surface. Dill.

On rotten leaves, rotten wood, and half rotten leather.

A. Sept. — -April;

Vol. IV,— K

146

scp'tica.

crypta'rum.

C R Y P TOG A M I A . ALG^i. Byfsus. (1) Thread-like.

B. Hair-like, very soft, parallel, very brittle, pale. Linn.
threads very long, very fine, branching ,* matted.
Huds. 607.

jD///.i .9-M/VL89.9.

Threads like cotton, finer than those of a cobweb, grey white,
not viscid; burns like touchwood. Linn. So tender and light
that the breath will disperse it, pure white, like very fine wool,
threads not branched ; when handled seems to difsolve into water
from the moisture affixed to it. Though so very tender it remains
long in its native situation. Dill. It grows most luxuriantly on
bins and wooden shelves in cellars where wine has been spilt,
hanging down in form of a jelly bag, or of a cylinder with a
globe at the end, to the length of a foot or more. It is easily
crushed, and then seems principally to consist of water, adhering
to the fingers.

Damp cellars and vaults. P* May — Dec.

It difsolves and destroys the hardest wood. Linn.

Var. 2.

Dill. 1. 1 2.

Pale yellowish or reddish, changing to glaucous green, then
red brown and at length blackish, in colour, substance and soft-
nefs somewhat resembling the skin ol a mouse. At first it is fiat,
but one layer growing upon another, it is gradually raised. It
consists of fibres, too fine to be observed by the naked eye, at first
upright, afterwards matted together. It generally grows in a
circular form. Dill.

On wine casks.

^ 1

B. Hair-like ; perennial ; ash-coloured ; tough.

Dill. 1.20.

Threads \ an inch long, thick as a hair, dirty white, brittle,
not branched, crowded, diverging from a centre. Dill.

On the sides of caverns in limestone rocks, and on plaistered.
walls in vaults. P* Jan* ^ec»

* Micheli, cited by Linmeus, and Hudson ; and Dillenius referred tc
by Hudsoh, describe them as not branched. ’ Hudson gives two synonyny
from Ray. The first appears to be the plant of Mich, and Dill, the secqnd.
which is described as ramosifsimvs seems to be what fejl under ^Ir. Hudson*
immediate inspection. Mr. Woodward.

i

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Merullus.

HI

FUNGI.

'MERU'LIUS. Pileus with Gills or veins underneath,
of the same substance with the rest of the plant.

( i ) W> <th a stem, and gills underneath.

M. Gills white, broad at the base, few, 2 or 4 in a set :
pileus white, convex, a little boised, elegantly plaited
■at the sides ; stem white, slender.

Mich. 80.1 1 -Bu//.^ig.i,A-Bo/t.^g,A-Mich.y^.,j-Buxb.^.^i.^.

jills fixed, white, mostly in pairs in the small, in fours in the
i larger plants, long ones about 18.

h l e us white, convex, a little bofsed, sides plaited, very thin and
semi-transparent, d to £ of an inch over.

Stem hollow, whitish, smooth, to 2\ inches high, not thicker
than a horse-hair in the smaller plants, nearly as thick as a
crow quill in the larger.

Ag. stipitatus, pileo plicato membranaceo, lamellis basi lati-
ribus. FI. suec . 1192. Ray syn. p. 9. n. 46.

The delicate structure of this plant causes it to tremble when
eld in the hand, as Haller has observed. The pileus has some-
imes a little mouse-colour in its centre, and so has the stem in
he larger plants towards the bottom. It dries when old, and
ben turns wholly of a brownish colour. Mr. Stackhouse once
Hind, and figured one specimen with a ring on the stem.- —

It is sometimes very minute. Stem nor \ inch high, and a
ileus not larger than the head of a pin. Baron Haller, Miche-
us, and others, are inaccurate in describing this species as
rioted* That character, strictly speaking, ought to imply cer-
lin streaks or marks inherent in the pileus, whereas the striae
hich they allude to, are nothing more than the edges of the gills
ppearing plainly through. *

Ag. stipitatus, pileo plicato membranaceo, lamellis basi lati-
ribus. Linn, and Huds. 62 1 .■ — Ag . Candidas . Huds. 620. Ag.
mbelliferus , Linn, but the gills being of the same substance as
le pileus, and therefore, like the Chanterelle, not properly an
.garic. Mr. Woodward. Ag. corticalis. Bull. Ag. umbe Hi ferns.
olt.

Common in hedge bottoms and amongst mofs, attached to
ead leaves and half rotten sticks. Oct. — Nov.

Ray syn. t. i,f. 2. a. a, can hardly be shewn to be different
om this.

K 2

umbeliif'erus

\

14s

androsa'ccus

col lari a't us.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Merulius.

M. Gills white, clecurrenf*: pileus white, convex, centre
deprefsed : stem red brown below, shining.

VailL xi. 21 . 21 .22.2^-fBocc. muse, I 43. r. 104; is also quoted by
Linnaeus ,)— Bull. 9.2.

Gills extremely thin. Pileus membranaceous, plaited. Stem
black, very slender. Linn. — Vaillant observes that his figures
represent the largest sized specimens; that the gills are few,
white, very distant from one another ; the pileus white, and so
thin that the gills seem to pafs through it ; the stems solid,
smooth, rather shining, dark coloured. Vaill. par. p. 6g.

Gills somewhat decurrent white, few, mostly in pairs.

Pileus brownish white, flat, the edge turned down, the centre
deprefsed; very thin and semi-transparent, nearly finch
diameter.

Stem solid, white at the top, shining and purplish brown below,
■almost black at the base; about 3 inches high, not thicker
than a large pin.

Ag. androsaceus. Linn. Ag. epiphyllus, Bull.

Packington Park, amongst mofs. Autumn. ,

»• d i j • • *•■«#' *

M. Gills white, uniform, fixed to a collar surrounding the
stem : pileus white, skinny, dimpled : stem white
above, black belowr.

Bull . 6 4.- Bolt, 32 -Schxff. 2 3 9- Mi c h. 7 4 . 5 .

Gills loose, from the stem, but fixed to a band or collar sur-
rounding the top of the stem, but at some distance from it ;
white, yellowish brown with age, uniform, from 17 to 20.
Pileu-s white, convex, dimpled, ribbed at the sides, thin, skinny,

1 -8th to 3*8ths of an inch over.

Stem hollow, scored, white above, dark mouse or almost black
below, 1 to 3 inches long, not thicker than a pin.

It does not appear by Mr. Bolton’s figure or description whe-1
ther the gills are fixed to a collar, or to the stem, but be that as it
may, ours is certainly the plant of M. Bulliard, quoted above,:
though he says the stem is solid, and calls it the Ag, androsaceus ol
Linnaeus, but that is a very different plant, and had he given a
difsected drawing, he would not have found the stem solid,
The gills are carelefsly clone both by Schaeffer and Bolton, and ir
the latter the dimple in the centre of the pileus is not exprefsed
The plant at first is entirely white, but it dries, remains a long
time, and gradually changes its colour to a yellow brown, the
stem becoming quite black.

Ag. eollariatus. Bot. arr. ed. ii. Ag. androsaceus of Schaeffer
Hudson, Lightfoot, Rellian, Bolton, &c. but not of Linnaeus1
Scopoli, or Haller. Ray syn, 9. 49.

1

\ ■

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Merulius. r-49

Growing upon dry sticks in hedge bottoms ; not uncommon.

August.

M. Gills white, decurrent; pileus white, funnel-shaped : buccina'lis.
stem white, very short.

Batsch. 214.

Gills decurrent, white, few, 4 in a set, but irregular; larger
ones about 12. Pileus white, thin, leather-like, waved and crack-
ing at the edge, hollow in the centre, scarcely an inch diameter.

Stem solid, white, crooked, $ of an inch high, thick as a large
pin, but gradually thicker upwards until it is insensibly lost in
the pileus. Ag. buccinalis . Batsch.

In the garden and amongst grafs, at Packington, Warwick-
shire, the seat of the Right Honourable the Earl of Aylesford.

M. Gills few, light brown : pileus light brown, centre de- fus'cus*
prefsed : stem light brown, stiff.

Gills fixed, light brown, few, in pairs.

Pileus light brown, slightly convex, centre rather darker, and'
deprefsed, scored from the gills appearing through, tearing
at the edge, full £ of an inch diameter.

Stem solid, light brown, stiff, £ to % inch high, not thicker than
a pin.

In clusters, in the Earl of Aylesford’s Park, Packington, War-
wickshire. Autumn.-,

M. Stem solid, often comprefscd : gills decurrent, branch- C intharel'lus
ed, anastomosing.

Bull, 62-Bolt. 62 -Batsch 120-Scheeff. 82-206-% B. iii. 832-F/.
dan.26^-Vaill.\\.Q.io.i 1 .1 q..i 5-Battar.i ±.A.B .C-Batsch. 37
-Ger.i^8^.2-Trag.g^o-Clus.u.2yo.2t the bottom of the page.

Gills decurrent, fleshy, branched, anastomosing. Substance
the same as that of the stem and the pileus; very different
from the gills of Agarics. In the microscope they appear
covered with very minute granulated particles.

Pileus concave, curled at the edge, often very irregular, 1 to 3
inches over. Flesh spongy, whitish.

Stem solid, tapering downwards, often comprefsed, and then
rarely central; 1 to 2 inches high, to £■ of an inch in diar
meter.

Obs. Whole plant yellow as the yolk of an egg. It does not
soon rot and decay as the Agarics do, nor is it much liable to the
attacks of insects. It is very apt to be sportive And monstrous in

K 3

\

\

^baefpr'mis,

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Merulius.

its growth, as may be seen in the following figures, Batsch. 34,
fan-shaped, Vai]l. 12. 13, very much curled, &c.

Pileus turban-shaped, flattish, edge mostly bent in. Gills deep
yellow, short, naked. Linn. — Colour mostly pale yellow, some-
times deep yellow and even saffron coloured. Ray syn. 2. n. 5. —
It is remarkable that this plant, which universally takes the lead
in the genus Agaricus, most certainly does not belong to that
genus; having no regular gills, but only projecting veins vari-
ously branched and anastomosing, but of the same substance as
the pileus ; they much resemble the veins of the Peziza cornuco-
pioides and P. acetabulum. The mode in which this plant dis-
charges its seed does not appear to be known. It seems to ap-
proach nearer to an Helvella than to an Agaric. Perhaps this
plant, the Ag. infundibulilormis of Bolton, (which seems to be
Ag. cornucopioides of Bulliard,) Ag. candidus of Hudson^-and
the 2 Pezizae above mentioned, ought to form a new genus. Mr.
Woodward. — Pileus hollow, undulated and fringed at the edge ;
stem short, solid; gills thick, branching. It is remarkable in
every respect; its bright yellow colour, venose gills, and particu-
larly for its grateful smell, like- ripe apricots, which it preserves
indecay. Mr. Stackhouse. — The reticulation of the gills not
represented in Schceff. 82 and 206, to which plates our authors,
refer. Major Velley. — Let me observe here once for all, that
the plates of Schaffer seldom give an accurate representation of
the gills.

Agaricus Canthardlus. Linn. Ray syn. p. 2. n. 5 Ag. ehanta -
rd/us and alectorolophoides. Schreff. Ag. canthardlus . Bull. Ag. chan -
tarellus. Bolt, Ag. luteolus. Batsch. Ag. canthardlus . FI. dan.

[Earsham Wood, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. — Woolhope
Woods, and Caplar Hill, Herefordshire. Mr. Stackhouse. —
Single or in clusters: Red Rock plantation, and on the south-
west side of the large pool, Ed^baston, in dry soil towards the
outside of the woods or where tne trees are thin.] July-— Sept,

Var, 2, Gills branched, but not anastomosing: pileus nearly
flat.

Bull.505.1-Baisch.3j.

Grows with the preceding. The whole plant more regular in
the growth. Mr. Bulliard has figured another variety with a
black stem, pi, 505. f. 2, but I have not yet heard of its being
found here. Ag. pseudo unctuosus. Batsch.

The lovers of mushrooms may eat this with safety, but it is
more tough and lefs highly flavoured than either the Ag. orcades,
or Ag. campestris.

IvJ, Stein cylindrical : pileus funnel-shaped,

£<?//, 1 o6t

/

CRY PTOG A M 1 A . FUNGI. Merulius. t

Stem cylindrical, 4 inch high, thicknefs of a pin, yellow.

Pileus funnel-shaped, yellow, i-ioth to i -8th of an inch over.

Gills but little branched. Mr. Bolton says so little about this in
his description, that I have been obliged to give the preceding
circumstances chiefly from his figures, but the appearance of the
middlemost of the larger drawings makes me doubtful, whether
what I have taken for veins, be not only intended as shading.

[f so, the plant is really a Peziza.

. PeziZatuba. Boltov. Moist places, and near rills of water,

Sxed to the putrid stems of decayed plants.

M. Gills yellow: pilcus brown, convex, scored: stem foe' t id us.
dark brown.

So'werby 2 1 .

van v. .

Gills in pairs, shallow.

Pile us nearly semi-globular, about J of an inch over,

;Stem hollow, cylindrical, hairy*; 1 inch high, thick as a swallow’s
quill.

First found by Mr. Relhan, in Madingly Wood, Cambridge.

Aug.

• jriB

jOJ 0/ ..

M. Stem bristle-shaped : pileus whitish, gently convex : squam'ula
gills a few plaits.

b

iO

Batsch. 84.

Stem reddish brown, slender as a bristle^ very tender. Pileus
dirty yellow white, gently convex. Gills a few imperfect plaits.
Hardly i-ioth of an inch in height, and slender in proportion.
Batsch. From £ to 1 inch high. Gills 4 or 5. Relhan. Ag .
squamula. Batsch.

Found by Batsch in the Autumn, affixed to the dead leaf of a
poplar. Communicated by me by Mr. Relhan, who found it in
Madingly Wood,

M. (Bolt.) Stem twisted : piletis lobed : gills decurrent, eomnco-
distant, 3 or 4 in a set. pioi'des.

, r\

Bolt. 8. (Not Schucff. g, nor yet 243, though that seems to be a
Merulius . Not Battar 18. H. nor 20. B.J

About 5 or 6 inches high ; stems 4 or 5 from the same root,
near ■§■ inch diameter. Pileus 3 inches over, thin, tough, split
into segments, waved and curled at the edge. The whole plant
tough, elastic, leathery, of a dead buffy brown or cinnamon colour.

Bolt.

w *

I*

CRY PTOG A MIA. FUNGI. Merulius.

Mr. Bulliard has figured what he has called Agaricus cornu-
copioides, see pi 208, different frprr) the above though of' a dead
brown colour, but the gills are branched, and the hollow of the
pileus extends down to the root, so that there, is properly no stem,
or if you had rather, say no pileus, the expansion of .the hollow
stem at its top supplying the place of a pileus, and bearing the
gill-like veins on its outer side. This plant seems decidedly a
Mendius. Ag. cornucopioides. Bolt.

Shady woods about Halifax, not plentiful. In a little wood
near Brakenbed farm, in Ovenden. Sept. 3d. 1787.

i ; X j , • . • / , * 1 ■ > • ' |

( 2 ) With a stem , and veins underneath .
\ / * * -

M. undulatus. See Peziza undulata.

■‘•■Vi

purpu'reus.

Mf Stem funnel-shaped, hollow, expanding at the top like
A hollow pileus : gill-like veins branched, purple.

FI. dan. 38 4-^ c h<ejj\ 16 5.1 66- Bo It, 1 03-Bull. 1 50- V all l . xi i i . 2 . 3 .

Plant hollow, gradually enlarging upwards, greatly expanded
at the top; border scolloped, turned back, 2 to 3 inches high,
. 1 -k diameter at the top. Inner surface dark dirty brown, smooth

like vellum. Outer surface decorated with rising branchy veins,
covered with a bloomy down or powder. Substance tough and
elastic. Bolt. •

Peziza cornu copioides. Bolton. Bulliard. Oeder. — EheUa cornu -
copia and punctata. Schaeffer. Ray syn.p . 20. n . 17.

Grows single or in clusters, in dry woods.

nfundibuli- M. (Bolt.) Stem funnel-shaped, hollow, expanding at the
for' mis. top like a hollow pileus : gill-like veins branched,

silvery grey. .

Bolt. 3^. -Bull. 208. 465. 2, differ hut llttle-fNot Bull. 473, nor
Baitar.23.c~Vaill.xi.10, Is M. Qantharellus.)

Stem about 2 inches from the root to the gills, often flatted, or
fluted; hollow quite from the root, and running insensibly into
the pileus, as the tube of a Convolvulus does into its border.
Gills branched like nerves, of the same substance with the plant.
The whole- plant is tough, elastic, of a greyish mouse-colour.
B O LT . , t . 1 » : ' • „ • ‘

Ag. in fundi buhfo rmis. Bolt. — Ag. cornucopia ides* Bulliard.
In Lee-feank-Shroggs near Halifax, and several other places.
Bolt. October, 1786.

s

• • CR YPTOG A MIA . FUNGI. Merulius. i

, ,.T, k T j f -i ; ■ -y

M. Stem lateral, thick, short; pilous semi-circular, pale inuscigenus
brown ; gills branched.

Bull. 2 88, and 408. 1.

\ .

5f em solid, pale brown, tapering downwards, near J of an inch
high, and about half as thick.

Pileus nearly semi-circular, smooth, pale grey brown, hollowed
and uneven, sometimes marked with concentric lines, ^an
inch over.

Gulls or Veins, branched, anastomosing, resembling those of
the M. cornucopioides.

Ag. muscigenus . Builiard 288.- - Helvetia dimidi at a. ib. 498. 2.—

See M. membranaceus.

This plant is found in great plenty in the month? of August
and September, growing on the Hypmup s.ericeum, and 1 never
found it bn any other mofs. Bulliard.-

Var. 2. Stemlefs, circular, white.

About \ an inch diameter; substance very thin.

On mofs in Packington Park. Autumn.

* ' 4 * * *■

, ...As) Stemlefs. . _

Im. Sitting, membranaceous, smooth, lobetl, curled at the membrana1-
edge; veins on. the under side branched. ceus.

Bolt . 1 77-BW//.498. 1 .

Root longish, slender, fibrous. Plant A to 1 inch over; fiat,
thin, flexible, tough, red brown above, yellow brown beneath;
veins branched and anastomosing. Lobes broad, deep. Bolt.

Helvella membranacea, of Mr. Dickson, who refers ‘to Acta
danica, 1. p. 286. f. 1, a work not within my reach, but in his
second fasciculus he cites Builiard pi. 288, which has a thick
lateral stem, sufficiently long in proportion to the size of the
plant, but Mr. Dickson has described his plant as being without a
stem ; I should therefore suppose that his and Mr. Bolton’s plant
cited above are the same, and that Mr. Bulliard’s, pi. 288, is a
different species.

Helvella retiruga. Builiard. Helvella membranacea. Bolt. Dicks.

Mofsy soil ; thatched houses ; bogs.

. * • • ■ 1

\ ’ 1 . , . \ , ,

- * i # r .*

M. sitting, concave, shaggy, scolloped and waved at the caryophyl-
edge: veins on the under side branched. laj'us.

Scheejf.^zg-Bolt. 1 73 -Batsch. 1 2 1 .

t ■ ’ , • • . ; 1 \ ' . v

Upper surface flocky or shaggy, dark clove colour, marked
with concentric lines of a darker shade ; border curled and scol-

I

154 CRY PTOG AM I A . FUNGI. Agaricus. Soil'd and Decur .

rent . White.

loped, the edge fringed. Underside paler, veins branched ; seems
dusted over with a brown bloom, or down. Substance, soft,
tough, soon turning black and perishing; i to inch over.
Bolt.

Helvetia caryophyllwa. Dicks. Elvela caryophylldca. Schseff. Ag.
irlstis* Batsch. Helvetia caryophylhea. Bolt.

On the ground, in pine plantations near Bungay, Suffolk,
Mr. Woodward.

4. - . ; r i -v <• ^ „ » r GK

* * * ■ * » • • * ■■ ■* J ■ f ^ f ^ - * 5 Jj * ' . * : 1 » i ••

AGA'RICUS.

Ess. Char. Pileus with gills underneath.

Gills differing in substance from the rest of
the plant; composed of two lamina.

Seeds in the gills.

. r * . • i V M ■ ! r ■ 1 ' ' • f f )

A. Stem central,

I. SOLID and DECURRENT.

•

. ’ » ' J , , - , . , ^ J Wk

W * „ . i f ‘ *' ^ } , . y . I ■ : . ' ' * » •* * "yr

• ( i ) Gills white.

ramca’lis. Ag. Gills white, 4 in a set: pileus brownish white, con-
vex, concave when old : stem white.

Bull. 276, and 336 -Bolt. 39. D.

Gills decurrent, white.

Pileus white brown, gently convex, turned up when old, about'
•5 inch diameter.

Stem solid, white, ^ to 1 inch high, the thicknefs ot a pin.

In Bolton’s figure it does not appear that the gills are decur-
rent ; Sibthorpe exprefsly tells us they are not, and yet he refers
to the fig. of Bull, in which they are distinctly so. I suspect it
will be found that two distinct species grow in a similar manner
on the fallen branches of trees.

Ag, Pseudo- andro sac eus and Ag, ram calls. Bull, Ag, Candidas. Bolt.
On sticks, and on the fallen branches of trees. Oct.

r ; " . ' , r

ebur'neus, Ag. (Bolt.) Gills white, few, very short, in pairs : pileus

white, convex : stem white, cylindrical.

Bull. 188 and 11%- Sower by 32 -fiacq. mice. ii. 15. 1 -Bolt, the

lower figures ; very small- Mich.'} 3.6.

I

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI* Agaricus* Solid and Decar - 155

rent . White*.

Gills white, decurrent, not numerous) in pairs.

Pile us white, smooth, from ? to 1% inch diameter, or more,
convex, or a little conical, edges turning up when old.

Stem solid, white, from to i£ inch high, from the thicknefs of
a small crow, to that of a swan’s quill.

This Agaric varies very much in its size, but it has in every
state the appearance and the feel of ivory. In damp weather
rather viscid, and in wet seasons semi-transparent. When very
young some woolly fibres connect the pileus to the stem in place
of acurtain.

Ag. virgineus. Jacq. and Sowerby. Ag. ebumeus , and ericeus .

Bull. Ag. denticulatus . Bolt.

Amongst short grafs; often near trees, Edgbaston. Oct.

Ag. Gills white, broad, 4 in a set, but irregular : pileus gigante'us.

dirty white, funnel-shaped, the edge reflected ; stem
» white, rather tapering upwards.

Buxb.q_.it

- This very large Agaric is inserted on the authority of Dr.

Sibthorpe.

Gills decurrent.

Pileus full 5 inches diameter even after it is turned up so as to
afsume the shape of a funnel.

Stem solid, 4 inches high, 1 inch diameter, nearly cylindrical,
rounded at the base.

Found by Dr. Sibthorpe on Shotover Hill, near Oxford. Oct.

* , t • - , \ ' y \ \ . ) i '• y , i

Ag. (Bull.) Gills white, 4 or 8 in a set : pileus white ; cyathifor;mis
glafs-shaped : stem white, nearly cylindrical.

Bull. 248. A.~Bo!t. 1 j-Setueff. 207, ill coloured ; f. 3, the best. —
ib. 39, more fleshy than our specimens.

Gills white, narrow, very decurrent; 4 in a set in the younger,
but 8 in the older specimens, from the greater extension of
every other long one down the stem.

Pileus white, satiny, 1 to 2 inches over, irregular at its edge,
often tearing as it expands; flattish when young, and not
always hollow as Bulliard says. Edges are at first turned
down, even though the central part be much hollowed, big
at length they turn up, the whole plant in that state greatly
resembling a drinking glafs.

STem solid, white, 1 to 2 inches high, thick as a swan’s quill,
rather thickest upwards, seldom quite central.

Ag. cyathifprmis. Bull. Ag. umbilicatus. Bolt, and Seine ft*.

Pastures, Edgbaston. Aug.

Crt

6 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI, Agaricus. Solid and Decur-

rent* White,

Var. 2. Pileus and stem buff-colour.

-• * t ±

Pileus without flesh, deeply hollowed. Stem 2\ inches high.
Woolhope ; Beckbury Hill, Herefordshire, not uncommon.
Aug. Mr. Stackhouse. Bulliard in his pi. 575 has figured se-
veral other varieties which I have not seen.

! _ ' ' '

•? ■ j ;■>_ { if ■ ,* - • < ! ’’ •• ■

nifens, Ag. Gills white : pileus white, bofsed, centre yellowish :
stem whitish buff, very long.

Schccff. 238, not good.

, 1

Gills decurrent, white, few, short, in pairs.

Pileus white, bofs yellowish, at first conical, then flat, lastly in-
verted; 2 inches diameter. :

Stem solid, whitish buff, bending, 3 inches high or more, full •£•
inch diameter.

Whole plant very viscid, but drying immediately when ga-
thered. Notwithstanding its size and the great length of its
stem I suspect it to be only an unusually large plant of the Ag.
eburneus.

Ag. nitens. Schceff. In Packington Park, Warwickshire.

Autumn.

infundib'u- Ag. (Bull.) Gills watery + white, pellucid, narrow, 4
lifor'mis. or 8 in a set : pileus funnel-shaped, brownish-buff :

stem brownish-buff.

• ^ * * * • * 4

1 • • .

Bull. 286 -Bolt. (n-Sterbeck 1 5. B. B. very like ity but the stem
too short and too thick . .

Gills very decurrent, white, numerous, narrow, thin, tender,
brittle, the long ones often forked.

Pileus brown buff, thin, pellucid, tender, smooth, hollow in the
centre, convex and turned down at the edge ; if- to 3 inches
over: in the small plants the edge is even, but in the larger
ones very.much plaited or curled.

Stem solid, brown buff, striated, disposed to twist, nearly cylin-
drical, white within, i£ to 2% inch high, from the thicknefs
of a crow’s, to that of a swan’s quill.

Ag. infundibuliformis . Bull. Ag. Jimbriatus. Bolt. Plantations,
Edgbaston, after much rain. July.

f By ’ivaitry white, is meant, that kind of appearance which is given to
white linen or paper by wetting it; the wetting diminishing the intensity
of the whitenefs, but increasing the transparency. The term will likewise
be occasionally used to exprefs a similar effect on other colours.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur- 1 57

rent* White.

Var. 2. Gills but little decurrent, turning to a watery jelly
when bruised. Pileus dead white, thin, funnel-shaped : stem
white, smooth, tough, pellucid.

Bolt.Gi.

In the park at Packington.

# * }

Ag. (Batsch.) Gills white, greatly decurrent, branching obe'sus.

and inosculating: pileus white, nearly flat: stem
white, very thick, short, inversely conical.

Batsch.2 iG-Schrcjf.^oy ; too much coloured.

Gills white, numerous; very narrow, so decurrent as to unite
the pileus and the stem into one uniform substance. In
general there is a short and a long gill alternately, some-
times there are 4 in a set, but the long ones frequently
divide into two as they approach the edge of the pileus,
and moreover the branches unite one to another so as to
form a kind of net- work.

Pileus white, turning brown, smooth; at first a button, then
growing flat, at length the edges rise so as to form a shal-
low concavity at the top, but the extreme edges still turned
down. Diameter if to if inch.

Stem solid, white, widening so much upwards as to be nearly
equal to the breadth of the pileus ; often flatted ; about if
inch high. Root none but the rounded end of the stem.

Ag, clavafirmzs . Schseff. Ag, obesus . Batsch. Pastures amongst
mofs. Edgbaston. Aug. 1790.

%

* Var . 2. Pileus pale dead brown, violet coloured at the edge.

Bolt, 146.

On stumps of trees, Northowram. Aug. 1791. Bolt.

Ag. Gills white, in pairs, very short: pileus whitish, con- plstilla'ris-
vex ; stem whitish, conical, crooked.

Batsch 62, (but a little different in the colour of the Pileus.)

Gills white, decurrent, in pairs, hardly exceeding the 20th of
an inch in length.

Pileus whitish, uniformly convex, about if of an inch over,
the edges curled inwards towards the stem.

Stem solid, whitish, f inch long and f diameter, thickest at bot-
tom, bent in one or two directions.

I have never found 'it in any other state than that just now
described.

Ag.risigallinus. Batsch. Amongst grafs and mofs. Edgbaston.

26th Aug. 1791.

2

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur,

rent. White.

ti'grinus. Ag. Gills yellowish or greyish white, 4 in a set: pileus

whitish, tufted, convex, centre deprefsed : stem slant-
ing, more or lefs spotted.

Bull. "jo.

Gills slightly decurrent, grey white, 4 in a set.

Pileus whitish, pencilled with reddish brown hairy scales,
gently convex, rather bofsed, hollow when old, full 2
inches over.

Stem solid, white, more or lefs tufted like the pileus, 1 to 2 inches
high, thick as a raven, or a swan’s quill, tapering down-
wards.

Substance of the plant leather-like. It varies \*ery much as
to the quantity of its tufted spots.

Ag. tigrinus. Bull. On decayed trunks of trees, particularly
on the elm. [Powick near Worcester. Pendarvis, Cornwall.
Mr. Stackhouse. Packington Park, amongst mol's.]

ca'seus. Ag. Gills white, 4 in a set : pileus pale mouse, gently

convex, edge turned in : stem cylindrical, upright.

Bolt. 40 -Bull. 400 , the same , but more coloured.- Sc hap

Gills decurrent, dead white or yellowish white, thin, numerous,
narrow, dry, 4 in a set.

Pileus pale mouse, clothy, smooth, gently convex with the edge
turned in, 3 inches over.

Flesh dry, brittle, not fibrous, resembles cream-cheesc.
Stem solid, white, cylindrical, upright, bulbous at the base.

This taken from Mr. Bolton, but his trivial name mollis, must
be rejected, as it has before been applied to a different species, and
particularly to one of Schaeffer's, which is also a British plant.

Schaeffer’s name ( albellus ) is also pre-occupied by a different
species. Vide Scop. n. 1462.

Ag. pileslarius. Bull. Ag. mollis . Bolt. Dry woods and pas-
tures about Halifax. Mr. Bolton. [Pendarvis, Cornwall, in
Oct. Mr. Stackhouse.]

War. 2. Gills snow white : stem very large, with a large ring.
Mr. Stackhouse.

Of a very soft and pulpy consistence.

Near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.

Liste’ri. Ag. Gills whitish, numerous and narrow: pileus smooth,

irregular, flattish, deprefsed in the centre : stem
white, eccentric : juice like milk.

Bull.2oo-B0lt.2t.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus, Solid and Decur-
rent. White.

Gills decurrent, white, or yellowish white, numerous, uniform,
or in pairs, very tine, close set like the teeth of an ivory
comb, not i-ioth of an inch broad.

Pileus white, smooth, irregular, flattish, but more or lcfs de-
prefsed ; edge turned down ; from 3 to 7 inches over ; ge-
nerally set sloping on the stem.

Stem solid, whitish, 2 inches high and 1 in diameter, generally
eccentric, blunt and rounded at the bottom. Sometimes 3
or 4 grow together, very large, even 10 inches diameter,
remaining a long time in dry seasons. Milky juice very
biting, with a bitterish taste.

Haughwood, Capler Hill, Woolhope, Herefordshire. Speci-
men and observations from Mr. Stackhouse.

This, and its varieties, have very generally been supposed by
the English botanists to be the Ag. piperatusy Linn. — who led
them into the error, by quoting Haller and Bauhine for synonyms
to his piper at us ; synonyms which undoubtedly belong to the spe-
cies described by Dr. Lister, but by no means according with the
Swedish plant. To avoid perpetuating this confusion, 1 have re-
jected the trivial name piperatus ; though applied to it by J, Bau-
hine, who seems first to have given a good description of it. J.
B . hist. iii. p. 825. cap. 6. Dr. Lister seems first to have found
it in England. His description, partly copied from J. Bauhine,
may be found in Ray cat . p. 1 23, and also in Ray hist. p. 88. c. 9.
The doctor observes that the juice is mostly poured out by the
external parts of the plant, that it did not change the surface of
polished steel, that it became green when dried, buT still retain-
ing its acrid biting quality. He observed too that the plant was
much eaten by insects and snails. Ray syn. 4. 14.

Ag. lactifluus acris . Bull. Ag. piperatus. Bolt.

Var. 2. Gills connected by transverse threads: pileus light
drab colour, very viscid : stem tapering downwards.

Gills decurrent, white, yellowish with age, irregular, much
broader than in the preceding.

Pileus light brown or drab colour, hollowed in the centre, 4 or
5 inches over.

Stem solid, white, inversely conical, i£ inch long, \ to \ inch
diameter ; generally eccentric.

The jiqce white like milk, hot and acrid, but not properly
peppery.

Under large beach trees, plantations, Edgbaston. Oct.

Var. 3. Gills yellow white, numerous, and narrow : pileus
white, oblique.

Battar. 1 J.A-SchtCjf.S^Batsch.gg.

Ag* piperatus. Batsch. In woods, Woolhope, Herefordshire.
Mr. Stackhouse.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur-

rent . White.

Var* 4. Gills white : pileus buff, with yellow brown concen-
tric circles.

Bull. 104.

Gills decurrent, white, very numerous, mostly 4 in a set. Pileus
hollow in the centre, edge turned down; 3 to 4 inches over.
Stem white, tapering downwards, rounded at the end, 1 to i^inch
high, and the same in diameter. Juice milky, abundant, very
acrid. Bulliard. Gills white, in age turning faintly yellow.
Pileus when young cushion-shaped, and the margin rolled in, but
even then it is always deprefsed in the centre; surface somewhat
Velvety, strongly marked with concentric lines of a fulvous co-
lour. Mr. Woodward.

In groves, or amongst bushes on a clayey soil near Bungay.
Mr. W OODWARD.

Var. 5. Pileus greenish brown, flecked and gluey.

Gills a little decurrent, white, 4 in a set.

Pileus flat, rather deprefsed, edge turned in, greenish brown,
flecked and gluey, 2\ inches over.

Stem solid, white, about 2 inches high, near f,an inch diameter,
cylindrical, not quite central. Milk white.

In Lord Aylesford’s Park at Packington. Autumn.

Wry like the Ag. prasinus of Schaeffer, but differs in the
colour of the gills and in having a milky juice. Bulliard’s plate
591, called 4f. or cell a, may pofsibly be other varieties.

Besides the above, I shall introduce to the acquaintance of the
reader several other Agarics with milky juice, some mild, some
acrid, which inadvertently, or as it would seem merely from the
resemblance of the juice, have been supposed to belong to one
or other of the two lactescent species of Linnaeus.

adhsesi'rus. Ag. Gills pire white, 4 in a set : pileus brown white, the

centre darker : stein white, gently tapering upwards.

Gills moderately decurrent, very white, not crowded, 4 in a set.
Pileus brown white, darker in the centre, flat, but a little bofs-
ed ; edge turned down ; 1% to 2\ inches over, very viscid.
Flesh white, pithy.

Stem solid, pithy, white within and without, 3 inches high,
nearly f inch diameter, thickest downwards, seldom quite
straight.

The pure milk whitenefs of the gills remains unchanged dur-
ing the life of the plant. The viscidity of the pileus increase?
by keeping, so as to become uncommonly adhesive. Growing
single, or in clusters.

Red Rock Plantation, Edgbaston. Sept.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decuir* \6x

rent . White.

Ag. Gills brown white, 4 in a set: pileus brown white, fra'grans.
semi-transparent: stem brown white.

Sower by. 1 o*

This Agaric is by no means uncommon with us, and if it grow.?
in other parts, it is matter of surprise that it should have remained
unnoticed so long. It imparts a fragrant odour like that of new
mown hay. Its colour approaches nearly to our general notion
©f a stone colour, and does not vary throughout the different parts
of the plant. The transparency of the pileus shewing the form
of the Gills through its surface, it might be called striated, as well
as other fleshlefs Agarics ; but this distinction, when it does not
arise from colour, or some peculiar structure of the pileus itself,
is with more propriety omitted. Major Velley. Whole plant
brown white; in dry weather very white.

Gills slightly decurrent, not very numerous, 4 in a set.

Pileus dead brown white, smooth, gently convex but rather
dimpled in the centre, becoming hollow with age but not
turning up at the edge.

Stem solid, fibrous, cylindrical, dead brown white, 2 to inches
high, thick as a goose quill.

\ The Pileus is not always so transparent as to shew the Gills
through it. The cupping of the pileus as the plant grows old
tears the gills near the place of their attachment to the stem. It
smells like Hawthorn in blofsom, and its scent is so strong that it
may be perceived at a considerable distance, even before you see
the plant.

[Among thefirs onClaverton Downs near Bath. Maj. Velley.

Edgbaston Park, under Spanish Chesnut Trees.] Oct.

A g. (Batsch.) Gills dirty white, 4 in a set: pileus cool umbrac'ulum
brown, conical, scored: stem cool brown, cylindrical,
cottony at the bottom.

Batsch, 4.

Gills a little decurrent, dirty white, 4 in a set, not numerous.

PiLeus pale brown, conical, scored, cracking at the edge, but
otherwise tough and strong; 1 inch from the edge to the
apex, and as much in diameter at the base.

Stem solid, pale brown, cylindrical, inches high, thick as a
thin goose quill, covered with a white cottony substance at
the base.

This is an elegant plant and with us a rare one. *

Ag, sanguineus, Batsch. In the hollow of a stump; Church

Latie, Edgbaston. 25th September, 1701,

Vol.IV.~-U

! ()2 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur ~

nnt. White.

agres'tis. Ao. Gills brownish white, irregular, but mostly 4 in a

set: pileus pale brown, darkest in the center, con*
vex: stem pale brown, smooth, cylindrical.

Gills decurrent, brownish white, rather numerous, mostly 4 in
a set, but the long Gills are sometimes in pairs, and united
towards the stem, in which case the smaller Gills are ei-
ther excluded, or else they open wide towards the rim, and
then some small ones are irregularly placed between them.

Pileus pale brown, darker in the centre, smooth, very thin ;
regularly convex, but the edge a little expanding, and ex-
tending rather beyond the Gills, 1 inch over.

Stem solid, pale brown, cylindrical, smooth, from 3 to 3 inches
high; thick as a crow quill.

Whole plant watery, and semi-transparents in wet weather.

Pastures. Edgbaston Park. 7th Nov. 1 79,0.

umbona'tus. A g. Gills white, 4 in a set, long ones about 17: pileus

brownish, gently convex, central bofs dark brown,
much elevated; stem pale brown, cylindrical, firm,
crooked.

Gills a little decurrent, white, brittle, 4 in a set, long ones about
17, extending beyond the edge of the pileus.

Pileus semi-transparent, yellowish brown, with a darker coloured
knob or bofs raised high in the center; \ inch diameter.

Stem solid, semi-transparent yellowush brown, slimy, firm,
inch high, cylindrical, thick as a crow quill, crooked.

Edgbaston Park. * 7th Nov. 1790.

membrana'- Ao. (Vahl.) Gills brownish white, 4 in a set, the short
ecus. Gills unusually long: pileus pale chesnut, hollow,

but bofsed in the centre: stem pale brown; root
bulbous.

Tl.dan.i 012.

Gills decurrent, brownish white, 4 in a set, the smaller series
unusually long.

Pileus pale reddish brown; glafs-shaped, but with a small rising
in the centre; thin and skinny, irregular, with one or more
large notches in the edge, 3 to 5 inches over.

St f.m solid, spongy, pale brown, nearly cylindrical* 2 to 4 inch-
es high, from £ to \ inch diameter; flesh,, or rather pith,
with several irregular perforations.

Root an oval bulb formed by an enlargement of the stem.

Jig-, membranaceus* FI. ctrtn.

In fir plantations, Edgbasttm. Oct. 1 79Q*

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decut*

rent . White.

Var. 2. Pileus yellowish white, flat, bofsed: stem white.

Gills decurrent, brownish white, 4 in a set.

Pileus yellowish white, nearly flat, with a permanent bofsin the
centre, 6 or 7 inches over.

Stem solid, spongy, white, 4 inches high, Fall inch diameter,
cylindrical, but rather bulbous at the base.

This plant is at first sight very unlike the inverted funnel-
shaped plant of the Flora danica, though on a strict examination
there does not appear sufficient reason to consider it as distinct;
but this is certainly the most perfect state of the plant.

In Lord Aylesford’s Park, Packingtoh, Warwickshire.

Autumn.

Ag. Gills dirty watery white, not numerous, 4 in a set: limacinus#
pileus pinky brown, nearly flat, edge turned down :

Stem cylindrical, buff, with brown scales.

Schaff. 36. 5. 6. 7.

Gills decurrent, brownish watery white, strong and fleshy, not
numerous, four in a set.

Pileus pale pinky brown, from 2 % to 4 inches over, nearly flat,
but a little bofsed in the centre, and the edge turned down.

When full grown quite flat, the central projection disap-
pearing ; and when old quite funnel-shaped*. Surface clam-
my when wet, sattiny when dry. Flesh brownish white.

Curtain in the young plants composed of whitish cobweb-
like, straight threads, stretched from the stern over the edge
of the pileus, and leaving a permanent dark-coloured mark,
on the stem.

Stem solid, buff, yellow at the top, flecked with brown scurfy
scales below, 3 to 4 inches high, ■£ to 1 inch diameter,
nearly cylindrical, seldow quite straight.

This plant ought to have retained Schaeffer's trivial name of
vlatmosusy as he first figured and described it, but Mr. Curtis
having given thamame to another more common English species,
which he has well figured and described, I thought it better to
take the name of Scopoli which has been adopted by Mr. Dickson.

Ag. yelatus, Bot. arr. ed. ii. Fir plantations at Bar, Stafford-
shire. - Sept, r 7 qt •

* ...

Ag. Gills grey white, much branched : pilous convex, en- r.elaftu«.
tire Iy covered by the membranaceous curtain.

Sower by rj~Sch<£jj'.o>().i .2.3.4.

L 2

*

l

1

i64

eumula'tus#

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI; Agaricus. Solid and Decur ■«*

rent. White,

Gills somewhat decurrent, whitish, with a mixture of ash-colour,
twice and sometimes oftener branched, so that the number
counted at the margin is at least four times the number
counted at the stem.

Pile us varies from ash-coloured to brown or yellowish white.

Curtain at first clear and transparent, resembling a thin
bladder, entirely covering the pileus and connected with
the stem, on which it leaves a spurious ring. It remains
in shreds round the edge of the pileus, and at length entire-
ly disappears. This curious kind of curtain seems peculiar
to this species.

Stem solid, brown, paler upwards, largest at the bottom.

Ag. glutinosus . Schasff. and Sowerby. Pine Groves at Earsham

Broome, and Kirby, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward. — Plantations at

Packington, Warwickshire,

•« * , ■

/

Ag, Gills white, 4 in a set: pileus reddish brown, woolly
and tufted: stem yellow brown or olive, bulbous at
the base ; Ring woolly, permanent.

Bolt y butmore of a red cast than our specimens. -Bolt,

1 40, in a lefs advanced state of growth.

Gills decurrent, white, edges reddish brown when the seeds
begin to be discharged ; not very numerous, 4 in a set,
shortest series very short.

Pileus reddish brown, darkest in the center, convex, from 3 to
6 inches over, woolly and tufted, edges turned in, but
cracking with age and turning up. Flesh spongy, white,
thin at the edge.

Stem solid, olive brown below, reddish brown above the ring,
with whitish streaks ; 4 to 6 inches high, i-gd to i inch
diameter, seldom straight; thickest downwards, bulbous at
the base.

Ring permanent, tough, woolly, yellowish white, turned
down on the stem.

Should this in its younger state appear to be veiled by the’ cur-
tain like the preceding, it may rank only as a variety of that, but
I have never found it with such an appearance.

Ag. annularius. Bulk Ag. congregatus and melleus . Bolt,
Grove, Edgbaston, on the stumps of trees which had been cut
down rather below the level of the ground. They grew in pro*
digious quantities; in some places as many together as would have
filled half a bushel. Oct,

Var. 2. Gills 4 or 8 in a set, by their decurrence streaking the
top of the stem quite down to the ring: pileus wrinkled or plaited
at the edge.

CR^ PTOGAMIAe PUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur-

rent , White.

/

FI Jan .101 Q—Schtfjf. 7

1 his differs very little from the preceding, but from being lefs -
crowded in its growth afsumes a more perfect Fohri. By the more full
expansion of the pileus some of the long gills separate from the stem,
which causes the appearance of 8 in a set in those parts; and in-
deed in this species the extent of the decurrence of the long gills
is very variable. The discharge of the seeds which tinges the
edges of the gills, the ring, and the top of the stem of a rich red
brown, seems always to begin in that part of the gill next to the
stem. In the young and unexpanded plants or buttons the pileus
is covered with a knap or frize of a brown glutinous wool, and
the colour is that of an olive.

Ag. obscurus . Schceff. Ag . tnelleus, FI, dan, Edgbaston lanes,
on sandy hedge banks. ' Qct

Var. 3. Very large; stem full 1 inch diameter, both it and
the curtains tinged with bright yellow. Mr. Stackhouse.

* Ag. (Scop.) Gills whitish, small, few: pileus tawny coralloi'des.
red, convex, smooth: stem whitish, thickest in the
middle.

Batter. g.F—Scop, suit, 35.

Gills decurrent, thinly set.

Pileus brownish, f of an inch over.

Stem solid, dirty white, 2 to 3 inches high, £ of an inch diameter.

One root sends out several stems, and also several jagged
substances, the imperfect rudiments of other stems. Scop.

Battar. Dickson fasc. 1. 16.

In hollow' trees. Qct

I

M

Ac. Gills white, very short: pileus orange buff, tufted, au’reus.
semi-globular: stem buff.

Bud, 92.

Gills decurrent, white, very short, 4 in a set.

Pileus orange buff, globular when young, semi-globular when
expanded, 2 inches diameter, thinly sprinkled with small
tufts of dark hair. Flesh uncommonly thick, buff coloured.

Curtain white.

Stem solid, buff, 2 to 3 inchos high, rather tapering downwards
near f inch diameter, crooked at the root.

Ag, aureus. Bull. Inserted on the authority of Dr. Sibthorpe,
who found it in Shotover plantations, Oxfordsh. Sept

_

* This mark is prefixed to such species and varieties as have npl fallen
under my own observation.

^ 3

1 66

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Dccur -

rent . Brown.

versi'color.

odo'rus.

\ ■

ta'neus

A. Gills yellow white, changing to dark red brown : pilo-
us greenish buff, scurfy, convex, edge turned in:
stem white, to brown : ring permanent.

Gills decurrent, yellowish white, changing when old to dark
brown, 2 or 4 in a set.

Pile us greenish buff, scurfy, most so in the centre, convex, be-
coming flat with age, but the edge much curled in ; 1 to 4
inches over.

Stem solid, but spongy, white, changing to brown, thickest
downward, 2 inches high, thicker than a swan’s quill. Ring
permanent. Root bulbous.

This is a rare species. I found it only once, and then near
the bridge in Edgbaston Park which goes over the stream that
feeds the large pool. July, 1792.

Ag. Gills white, 8 in a set; pileus glaucous green, nearly
flat; stein white, cylindrical.

Bull, 176.

Gills decurrent, white, 8 in a set; numerous, narrow’.

Pileus pale green, sometimes nearly white, sometimes bluish;

nearly flat, but sometimes bofsed ; from 2 to 4 inches diameter.
Stem solid, white, cylindrical, 1 to inch high, as thick as a
goose quill.

Bulliard informs us that it has a strong smell, approaching to
that of a Gilliflower; that it dries well, but soon loses its odour.

Moist woods, amongst decayed leaves. Found by Dr. Sib-
thprpe in Shotpver plantations, Oxfordshire. Sept,

(3) Gills brown.

# #Ag. Gills yellow brown, 4 in a set, but often irregular
and branched : pileus concave, sattiny ; stem rich
yellow brown.

Bolt.22,

Gills decurrent, rich yellow’ brown, numerous, 4 in a set, those
of the first and second series sometimes branched,

Pileus rich yellow brown, clammy when fresh, sattiny when
dry, 2 to 7 inches in diameter, concave, but bofsed in the
centre; edge turned down, but when large and fully ex-
panded the whole turned up and quite funnel-shaped.
Flesh spongy, yellowish white.

£tem rkh yellow browm, cylindrical or tapering, i-f to 3 inches
high, and half inch diameter.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Dccur -

rent* Brown.

Gills rather paler than the pileus. Stem yellowish at the base,
the colour of the gills upwards. Mr. Woodward. Pileus vary-
ing from deep chocolate to chesnut ; darkest in the center, with
-sometimes a few scales. Stem generally tapering.

This is a very common species, growing in numerous circular
patches under shady trees.

Ag . cinnamomeus . Bolt. Woods near Bath. Powick. Worces-
tershire. Mr. Stackhouse. — Pledge banks, Castle-bromwich.
Mr. Woodward. — Pine Grove, Kirby, Norfolk. Edgbaston,
under large oaks and beeches. Aug- — Dec,

Var. 2. Gills 4 to 8 in a set : pileus concave, dotted.

Schxjf.252.

Gills decurrent, from cinnamon to chesnut, paler than the stem,
numerous, 2 long gills often united near the stem, and
then they include only one intermediate gill, with a little
tooth on each side.

Pileus from full cinnamon to chesnut, dotted with little pits, the
central part concave, and the edge turning up with age.
Stem solid, brown cinnamon, crooked, thinnest downwards, {■
to 2 inches high, and 3 - 8 1 Ii s diameter.

FI. dan. 1011, {cyathi for mis') is by Mr. Vahl referred to the
above species of Schaeffer, but the Danish plant is described as
having a woolly pileus, and is figured with a holloreo stem, whereas
Schxfler exprefsly says that his plant has a solid stem.

Ag . eyathiformis . SchxfF. Pastures, Edgbaston. Oct,

Ag. (Schaffer.) Gills reddish brown, 8 in a set : pileus rubes'cen
reddish brown, with darker concentric circles*
Fl.dan.io6Q,2-Schdff.j£.

Gills decurrent, reddish brown, narrow, 8 in a set.

Pileus reddish brown, marked with concentric circles ofa darker
shade; in general flat, but hollow in the centre, and waved
and bent down at the edge, clothy to the touch, 1^103
inches diameter; sloping.

Stem solid, reddish, brown, whitish within, 1 to 3 inches long;
near 5 inch diameter, nearly cylindrical, but rather thinner
downwards, generally eccentric.

Juice white like milk, hot and acrid like that of Mezereon or
cuckowpint.

Ag . rube seen: . SchasfF. Plantations, and pool dam, Edgbaston,
in a clayey soil. Sept,

Ag, Gills pale brown, numerous, 4 in aset: pileus cinnamon serc'sus,
colour, flecked, gently convex but sinking in the
middle: stem cinnamon, smooth, crooked : juice like

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur-

rent, Brown.

Bull, 54, nearly resembles it , but the pileus does not sink in the
middle .

Gills a little decurrent, brown, numerous, in fours, regular.

Pileus cinnamon colour, fleckered with darker shades ; gently
convex but a little hollowed in the middle, darkest in the
hollow; from i to 2 inches diameter.

Stem solid, smooth, cinnamon coloured, central, crooked, cylin-
drical, 2 inches high, and 3*8ths diameter.

Juice dilutely milky, not acrid.

Pastures, Edgbaston. Oct. 1790.

Ag. (Linn.) Gills red brown: pileus dark red brown :
stem buffy : juice white, milky, mild.

Schaff, 5.

Gills decurrent, red brown, but paler than the pileus.

Pileus rich red brown, nearly flat, 4 inches over.

Stem solid, reddish buff; 2% inches high, inch diameter. Mr.
Stackhouse.

Ag. stipitatus. Pileo piano carneo lactescente, lamellis rufis,
stipite longo carneo. Linn. Sp. PI.

Stem 1 to 4 inches high, reddish, somewhat thickest and brown t
at the base, paler anna smaller upwards.

Pileus of a deeper colour, from 1 to 4 inches broad, generally
smooth, flattish but deprefsed in the centre, and bent in at
the margin ; sometimes marked with one or two circles near
the edge.

Gills paler than the pileus; long ones sometimes branched at
the base. The juice white, at first mild, but leaving a pun-
gent taste on the tongue. Mr. Woodward.

Ag . lactifluus , Schceff. Sent from Woolhope, Herefordshire, ,
by Mr. Stackhouse. — Pine groves, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr.,
Woodward.

Var. 2. Pileus funnel-shaped: stem rich red brown, thinner
downwards, with yellow bristly hairs at the base.

Gills decurrent, red brown, numerous, 8 in a set, long ones
sometimes cloven, paler than the pileus; brittle.

Pileus red brown, funnel-shaped, 2 to 3% inches over. Flesh
spongy, thin, reddish white.

Stem solid, rich red brown, redder than the pileus, tapering
downwards, redder at the base, and set with bristly hairs,
often crooked and eccentric, 2 incheshigh, 3- ioths diameter.,

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur-
rent* Brown.

The whole plant, but especially the gills, abounding with
white milky juice, at first mild, but at length leaving a slight
pungency in the throat.

Edgbaston Park, under the large clump of beeches. July.

Ag. (ScHiEFF.) Gills brown, 4 in a set : pilous and stem pilo'sus.
yellowish, tufted with darker hair.

Schcejf.8o-Fl.dan.<±g r .

Gills decurrent, brownish, numerous, broad.

Pile us yellowish, convex, fiattish, or bofsed, tufted with hairs.

Flesh tough.

Stem solid, cylindrical, twisted, tapering at bottom, yellow, but
lets so than the pileus, rough with dark hairs, i£ to 4
inches long, thick as a finger, firm, white within, above the
ring naked. Ring permanent. Curtain fugacious. Root
closely comprefsed and tapering. In those clusters which I
gathered, though the stems were large, yet they tapered so
much that the junction of them all was not equal to the size
of a single stem. The young ones come out straw coloured.

Specimens, drawing and description, from Mr. Stackhouse.

Ag. pilosus. Schasff.

On stumps of pear and oak. (Vide Ag. floccosus.)

Var. 2. Pileus tawny, uniformly shaggy with hair: stem
white': curtain white : ring permanent.

Bolt. 42.

I am indebted to Mr. Stackhouse for a specimen of this, and
also for the following remarks : it is a fasciculated Agaric grow*
dng on trees. The part of the stem above the ring quite smooth.

Pileus clothy and hairy, or regularly woolly all over. I think it
a variety of Ag. pilosus.

Ag. villosus. Bolt. Woolhope, Herefordshire.

Sept. 1791. Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 3. Gills paler than the pileus: pileus tufted: stem smooth,
bulbous at the base.

At Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse. \ Oct.

Ag. Gills brown cinnamon, claws white ; 4 or 8 in a set: delicaPnlus,,
pileus buffy yellow, fiattish ; stem cylindrical,
yellow.

Fl.dan.ioo8.2y will give some idea of /V, putting out of the question
the hollow stem , and the too great regularity of the gills.

Gills a little decurrent, rich cinnamon, white where fixed to the
stem, 4 in a set, 8 in the larger plants ; the long gills very
broad, tearing from the stem when the pileus is expanded.

17° CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur-

rent . Red,

Pileus buffy yellow, thin at the edge, nearly flat, but concave in
the centre when old.

Stem solid, yellow, shining, 3 inches high, thick as a raven or
goose quill, cylindrical.

Ring turned down on the stem, fugacious.

The whole plant very brittle, tender, and juicy, a very small
prefsure destroying the colours, and giving them a watery dark
appearance.

Edgbaston, by the stews, rare. 20th May, 1792.

Var. 2. Gills brown, mottled, edges and claws whin, ; 4 in a
set : pileus buff : stem yellowish white.

G ills decurrent, brown, mottled, not very numerous, 4 in a set.
The edge of the gills, and the portion of the long ones next
to and decurrent on the stem, white.

PlL eus buff-colour, flattish, with a small pointed central bofs,
edge turned down, surface leathery, 1 to i£ inch over.
Flesh white.

Stem solid, buffy white, glofsy, variously bent, cylindrical, 3
inches high, thick as a raven quill, suddenly thickening at
the top at its connection with the pileus. Flesh yellowish ;
but quite white in the centre.

Curtain whitish, fugacious, sometimes leaving fragments on
the edge of the pileus and on the stem.

Pastures, Edgbaston. 20th May, 1792.

(3) G«l» red.

curneo-al'- Ag. Gills salmon-coloured, not numerous, 2 or 4 in a set*
bus, pileus and stem white.

Gills decurrent, salmon-coloured, mostly in pairs, narrow, not
crowded.

Pileus white, polished, centre rather deprefsed, edge turned
down, about 1 inch over.

Stem solid, white, cylindrical, about 1 inch high, thick as a crow
quill.

Drawing and description from Mr, Stackhouse.

rosel'Ius. Ag. (Batsch.) Gills pinky red, few, 4 8 to in a set ; pileu3

brown red: flesh red : stem pinky red.

Batsch.gg,

Gills decurrent, deep pinky red, not numerous, 4 in a set, but
sometimes 8 from the intervention of other little teeth.
Pileus brown red, rather scurfy, convex, but a little hollowed in
the centre 5 ^ te x J inch diameter. Flesh thin. red.

i CRPTYOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur - ryi

Red.

Stem solid, pinky red, cylindrical, but thickening at the top,
thick as a crow quill, to 2 inches long. In a section of it,
the central part is lei's compact and paler than the outside.

This elegant little Agaric is seldom found in full perfection,
as it soon shrivels and loses its brilliant colours, hut it does not rot.

4 ?• to stilus. Batsch. Amongst old alder stumps, in the alder
plantation, Edgbaston. 2d Oct. 1791.

Ag. Gills pinky liver colour, numerous, in pairs : pilcus jecori'nus,
pinky brown, sattiny, flat: stem pinky above, yel-
lowish below', tapering downwards.

Gills decurrent, rich pinky liver colour, with age blacker at the
edges, and deep tan-leather colour at the sides; in pairs; the
small gill varying in size, but very small in proportion to
the large one ; the large gill sometimes forked.

Pileus pinky brown, convex and bofsed when young, flat and
more liver coloured when older, but the edge always turned
in ; surface smooth, shining, sattiny, from 3 to 5 inches
over. Flesh pinky white.

Stem solid, spongy, pinky brown upwards, yellow brown below,

1 • tapering downwards, rarely straight, 2 to 3 inches high, %
to 1 inch diameter. Flesh fine rhubarb yellow.

From some appearances which took place in the pickle in
which it was preserved, I suspect that in favourable circumstances
it will be found to contain a milky juice.

Pine plantations at Barr, near Walsall, Staffordshire.

20th July, 1792.

Ag. (Linn.) Gills flame-coloured, narrow, regularly delicio’sus.
branched : pileus rich red brown, flesh orange colour:
stem orange, tapering downwards.

Ag. stipitatus, pileo testaceo, succo lutescente, Linn.

Gills decurrent, bright aurora or flame coloured, very narrow,
regularly branched in this manner — at some distance from
the stem each long gill divides into 2, each of these
divisions again divides into 2, and lastly each of these
subdivisions before reaching the edge of the pileus divides
again ; the ends of the last branchings next to the edge of
the pileus thicker than the other parts.

Pileus rich red brown, nearly flat, but the centre a little hollow-
ed, and the edge turned in; from i^- to 3 inches over.

Flesh pale orange.

Stem, solid, orange coloured, tapering downwards, 1 to 2 inches
hi^h, and ^ to g-Sths inch diameter; hollow with age,

372

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur *

rent . Red.

Juice rich yellow. It soon shrivels and feels remarkably
light. The specimens from which the above description was
taken having been carried some miles in an open basket, gives
me reason to apprehend that it is not so exact as I could wish. I
find no figure exactly corresponding with this beautiful and re-
markable plant, but on the authority of Mr. Hudson, and Mr.
Relhan, the deliciosus of Schaeffer must be inserted as a variety;
Mr. Stackhouse observes that the yellow juice soon turns green,
and that the stem becomes hollow from the shrinking of the cen-
tral substance, the cavity being wider above and below.

Fir plantations in Scotland. Rivelstone Wood, near Edin-
burgh. [In hr plantations oil barren hills at Barr, Staffordshire.]

26th Sept. Oct.

It is much esteemed in Italy, and is exposed in the markets.
See Ag. csesareus.

* Var. 2. Gills brick red, branched : pileus brick red, mark-
ed with darker and paler concentric circles: stem spotted: juice
saffron colour.

Schceff.n,

. Generally solitary, fleshy, juice saffron-coloured. Pileus he-
mispherical, deprefsed in the centre, raised and arched towards
the edge, colour of brick, with concentric circles alternately paler.
Gills brick red, branched. Stem cylindrical, spotted, short, thick,
somewhat hollow ; without curtain or ring. Sc h>eff.

Ag. delieiosus. Schaiff. Woods near Guilford. Aug— Oct.Mr, ’
Hudson.— Dry pastures. Gogmagog Hills. Mr. Relhan.*

Var. 3. Gills pale brick colour, four in a set; pileus pale brick
colour: Juice golden yellow.

Bolt. 144.

Stem cylindrical, solid, hollow with age. No curtain. Gills
narrow, brittle. Pileus at first convex, becoming horizontal, and
lastly funnel-shaped, marked with darker concentric circles, but
these are not always equally distinct, and in some plants hardly
perceptible. Every part of it when wounded affords a copious
discharge of yellow acrid juice. Bolt. p. 144.

Stem solid, cylindrical, brown olive, blotched, 2 inches long,
i to 1 inch diameter. Pileus always more or lefs hallowed in the
middle, a little woolly, from 3 to 5 inches over. Specimen from
Air. St ac kh OUSE.

plpera'tuSp A. (Linn.) Gills pale pinky red, numerous, in pairs :

pileus dirty yellow white, woolly, deprefsed in the
centre ; stem pale yellow.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricui. Solid and D*cur- 173

rent . Buff.

FI, dan. 106 8-Bull. Ag. necatory with no nwnler to the plate ^is a
‘variety in which the pileus is more red than our plant , and J the
gills a lefs pleasant colour .

Gills decurrent, a beautiful blush colour, numerous, in pairs,
broader than those of the Ag. Listen.

Pile us dirty brownish red, or yellowish white, woolly, flattish,
but the edge turned down, and the centre deprefsed; 3
inches over. Flesh white.

St em solid, pale yellow, not central, nearly cylindrical, if to 2
inches high, and f an inch diameter. Juice white, milky,
very hot and biting.

Ag. stipitatus, pileo planiusculo lactescente, margine deflexo,
lamellis incarnato pallidis. £ Plleus convexo-deprefsus , carnosus ,
lactescensy margine biflexo , tomentoso. Lamellae pallid#. Stipes
nudusy fistulosusy pallidus. FI. Suec. 1195. — Schaeff. 12. seems a
variety with a yellow juice; and Bull. .529. 2. another variety.

‘ Specimen, drawing, and description, sent to me by Mr.

Stackhouse, who rightly conjectured it to be the real Ag. pi-
peratus of Linn.

Ag. torminosus. Schaeff. Haughwood, near Woolhope, Here-
fordshire. Mr. Stackhouse.

t

(4) Gills buff.

1 «

Ag. Gills buff, mostly in pairs: pileus white, smooth, erie'eus.
nearly flat : stem white.

Bull. 188.

Gills decurrent, buff, in pairs.

Pileus white, smooth, gently convex, the edge turned down, £
to if inch diameter.

Stem solid, white, cylindrical, 1 to 2 inches high, nearly as
thick as a swan’s quill.

Nearly allied to the Ag. eburneus, from which it differs prin-
cipally in the colour of the gills.

Ag. ericeus . Bull. In Lord Aylesford’s Park at Packington.

In Edgbaston Park, amongst grafs. °6ct.

Ag. (Huns.) Gills buff, numerous, 8 in a set : pileus dark duPcis.
bull: stem buff: juice milky, mild.

/

BuII.224rBolt.%.

Gills decurrent, buff, numerous, 8 in a set, the little teeth or
smallest gills very irregular in size.

*74

cimica'rius.

flcxuc'sus

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNCJl. Agftricus. Solid and Decur-

rent. Buff.

Pileus concave, dark buff approaching to o/irige, if to 2 and
sometimes 5 inches over. (Our specimens not boised in the
centre as in some of Bulliard’s figure.) Flesh white.

Stem solid, irregularly hollow with age, buff colour, 2 inches
high, rather thicker than a swan’s quill.

Juice white, milky, not acrid, or peppery. Ray Syn. 4. 15.

Ag. lactijluus didcis. Bull. Ag> lactifliuis. Bolt. Plantations,
Edgbaston. Get.

\ ■

Ag. Gills huffy : pileus deep chesnut, hollow, the edges
turned under : stem chesnut, darker below : flesh
red brown.

Batsch. 69.

Gills decurrent, buff, numerous.

Pileus deep chesnut, hollow, but the edges waved and reflect-
ed, 3 inches diameter, or more.

Stem hollow, the sides of the hollow porous; 2 inches high, f
an inch diameter, dark chesnut, crooked.

At first sight it much resembles the Ag. dulcis, but the hollow
stem, the want of milky juice and the brown flesh will readily
distinguish them.

Batsch tells 11s that his plant had a whey-like juice, and when
broken smelt like a bug.

Ag. cimicarius . Batsch. In the Park at Packington.

Autumn,

Var. 2. Gills in fours, or eights, connected by short transverse
white ligaments.

Edgbaston, in woods. Nov.

Var. 3. Gills in pairs : stem short, eccentric. Milk white,
chan^in^ to a brimstone colour.

Gills in pairs, very little decurrent, fleshy, broad.

Pileus concave, reddish brown, marked obscurely with concen-
tric circles. Flesh white.

Stem solid, short, thick, not central.

Milk white, mild, changing to a pale yellow when exposed to
the air. Mr. Stackhouse.

Woods near Woolhope, Herefordshire.

, Ag. Gills buff, slightly decurrent: pileus deep buff,
gently convex : stem yellow white, serpentine.

Bull. 308 is like it, except in the stem being straight and scurfy'-,
and the gills hose.

CRYPTOGAM! A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur-
rent, Buff.

Jills a little decurrent, buff, very thick, few.

'ileus deep buff, paler in the centre, i-£ inch over, the edge
turned in.

Item solid, \ellow white, of equal thicknefs, serpentine, 2^ inches
high, and full L inch diameter.

Lord Aylesford’s Park at Packington.

Ag. (Batsch.) Gills buft, numerous, 4 in a set: pileus
mouse colour, concave, edges turned down : stem
white, thick.

Bull. 2 82-Batscl. 202.

'Ills somewhat decurrent, buff colour, semi-transparent, thick
set, 4 in a set, sprinkled over with a substance like brown
sugar; probably the inspifsated juice.
ileus mouse colour, dotted, concave, irregular at the edge, and
» more or lefs turned down and plaited. Three to 4 inches
diameter.

Flesh white, changing to a reddish tinge by exposure to the air.
tem solid, white, smooth, but not even, a inches long, more
than % an inch diameter, gently tapering downwards.

* Juice milky, somewhat acrid, but not peppery.

Ag . lactifluus plumbs us. Bull. Ag. livtck-rube scene. Batsch.

dgbaston plantations. Aug. 1791.

G. (Bolt.) Gills reddish buff, 4 in 1 set, branching: a'crls*
pileiw cool brown, viscid, shining, sloping : stem
W'hitish, shining, eccentric.

Bolt.60.

ills decurrent, more so on one side the stem than on the other,
pale brown buff, with a reddish tinge, very thick set, the
long ones often inosculating.

;leus cool brown, viscid, shining, irregular, concave, 2 to 3^
inches diameter, set sloping on die stem. Flesh white.
tem solid, tapering downwards, flatted at the top, nearly white,
shining, crooked, eccentrie, 1 to i£ inch long.

From the crooked stem and the sloping pileus it lies very dose
the ground amongst the graft, and is much eaten by the large
ack snail. It abounds with white milky juice, very acrid to the
ste. This species is nearly allied to var. 2. Ag. Listeri, and I
.ve felt much inclined to connect it with that, but the differences
e such that I think the investigation will be facilitated by the
esent disposition, and further observation may determine more
actiy whether that should be arranged as a variety under this
ecies, or where it now stands,

* Ag. acris . Bolt,

%

liv'ido-ru-

bes'cens.

I

176. CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaritus. Solid and Decur-

rent . Yellow.

clavaefor'mis Ag. Gills pinky bull, very irregular: pileus brown buff,

cracking : stem whitish.

Schajfi opy-Bull, 551,1*

Gills Recurrent, pinky buff, very irregular, not very numerous,
the ends of the long one frequently splitting ; sometimes
connected by crofs ligaments.

Pileus buffy brown, irregularly convex, turning up and becom-
ingflat and sometimes concave with age, cracking, fleshy,

> 1 to 2 inches over.

Stem solid, whitish, thick as a goose quill, 1 to i£ inch high.
Flesh pale buff. .

In other specimens the pileus and stem run into one another,

the latter being very thick upwards and gradually tapering down-
wards as in the Ag. obesus.

Ag. clavtffornus . Schasff. Ag, encetosus . Bull. Garden field,

Edgbaston. 12 Oct. 1793.

fib'ula. Ag. Gills buff: pileus orange or yellow brown, centre

hollow : stem yellow.

Bull, 186.

Gills decurrent, full buff colour.

Pileus orange or yellow brown, centre deprefsed, edges turned
in, scarcely % inch diameter.

Stem solid, yellow, 1 to if inch high, thick as a large pin,

Ag. fibula. Bull. In Fackingtgn Park, amongst mofs.

(5) Gills yellow,

' ' , . • • . „ • , - ^ I

t

testa'ceus. Ag. (Hubs.) Gills brown yellow, 4 in a set : pileus deep

yellow, bolsed in the centre I stem yellow, scored,
thicket downwards,

Schtfff, 65.

Gills decurrent, deep brownish yellow, 4 in a set.

Pileus bright full yellow, with deeper yellow streaks, centre.

bofsed, edge turning up, 2 inches diameter. Flesh yellow.
Stem solid, yellow, silky, thickest downwards, 3-8th of an inch
diameter, 3 to 4 inches long, often crooked.

Gills of the same colour with the Pileus ; somewhat running
down the stem. Curtain none. (Agi leoninus of Haller is a
different species.) Mr. Woodward.

This is undoubtedly the plant of Schrfer, which Mr. Hudson
cites as his Ag. testaceus, but he also quotes as a synon. Haile;

1

. FUNG]. Agarjcus. . Sdl^ and Deciir- 177

rent . Yellow.

2431, which is a very different plant, as appears from the refe-
rences and description of the latter author, who seems to haV&
misled Mr. Hudson by quoting Schaeffer’s 65.

Ag. inctirvus. Schoeff. Plantations, Edgbaston. Sept.

Ag. Gills pale yellow, mostly uniform, forked pileus adus'tus,*
yellow brown, edge greatly turned in : stem yellow'

brown, with reddish stains. ,

Sehtfff. 72 and 7 1 . •

Gills greatly decurrent, 'pale 'yellow. when full grown, numerous, :
nearly of the same length, most of them dividing at some
distance from the stem.

Pileus yellowish brown, with stains.of dark red towards the edge *
gently convex, but the edge turned down and bent m so as
to approach the stem; 3% to 5 inches diameter; clammy
when wet, sattiny when dry. Flesh pale dirty yellow. . •

Stem solid, irregularly hollow with age, yellowish brown, with
a few reddish stains ; near 2 inches long, and more than 1
in diameter, rather eccentric.

This is a very different plant from the :Ag-. ejephantinus of
Bolton, with which it has been confounded, perhaps because the
pileus in both becomes overspread with dark ... stains, giving the
appearance of their having been parched or burnt.

Ag. lateralis. Schxff. Edgbaston Park, under oak trees.

- — 4th Aug. 1791,*

*Ag. (ScH/EFF.) Gills pale golden yellow. : pileus funnel- tubseforhnis
shaped, golden yellow : stem very long, crooked.

Scheeff. 248 and 249.

Gills decurrent, pale golden yellow. Pileus hollow like a fun-
nel, varying in shape, golden yellow, inch over; Stem solid,'
voody, cylindrical, long, crooked, scaly, scored and pitted, gol-
den yellow, 6 inches long, '3-8 ths- diameter. Schaffer*

Ag. tubdtformis. Schscff. Trunks of old trees. June. Dickson.
rase. 1. 15.

Ag. (Bull.) Gills yellow, very numerous, mostly branch- contig'uus.
ed, and inosculating where they join the stem : pileus,
cinnamon, nearly flat, edge woolly, greatly turned
in: stem brown, streaked.

• Batsch 61-ZW/.240. • ”

Sills a little decurrent, yellow, changing to watery brown, very
numerous, most of them branched, and where they join the
stem, reticulated.

Vol. IV.— M

CJR YPTOG AMI A

/

,7s cryptogaMia. fungi, a garicus. Solid and Decnr-

rent . Yellow.

Pile us cinnamon colour, nearly flat, but a small rising in the
centre; the edge very much rolled in and cloathed with a
considerable quantity of pale brown woolly substance ; dia-
meter 4 or 5 inches. Flesh yellowish white, changing
when cut, to a reddish brown.

$tem solid, pale brown, with dark bloody streaks, nearly cylin-
drical, 2f inches high, \ an inch diameter.

The flesh of the stem changes like that of the pileus, when ex-
posed to the air. Our plant exactly agrees with the excellent
plate of Mr. BuUiard, except that our stems are longer and lefs
uniformly coloured.

Ag. conti^uus. Bull, Ag. involutus. Batsch. Fir Plantations
at Barr, Staffordshire. I2t^ Sept. 1791.

Pine Groves, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.

* Var. 2. Gills pale brown, numerous, 4 in a set : pileus red
brown, convex, edge rolled in, a velvety belt above it : stem
crooked.

Bolt. 55.

I think this must belong to this place notwithstanding the •
gills are said to be pale brown.

Ag. adscendens. Bolt. In the Burks, and other woods about
Halifax. Sept. Oct. Mr. Bolton.,

neca'tor. Ag. (Bull.) Gills pale yellow, mostly in pairs ; pileus i

buff, flattish, centre hollow and deeper coloured;
edge rolled in, woolly: stem inversely conical:
milky juice extremely burning and acrid.

1 | / ■ ^ \

Bull. 5 29.

1 »

Gills decurrent, pale yellow, mostly in pairs ; the long ones fre-
quently forked.

Pileus buff, flat, but concave and deeper coloured in the centre,
edge turned down, rolled inwards towards the stem, and
densely covered with a large quantity of cottony or woolly,
. substance, so as nearly to obscure the gills, some of these?
curled fibres when stretched out being near i-gd of an inch

long. . Flesh pithy, white. #

Stem solid, pale buff, inversely conical, eccentric, crooked, if;
inch long, full f an inch diameter in the middle, with age;
becoming irregularly hollow.

Mr. Stackhouse, who sent me this specimen, says, ‘‘the
a whole of the.exterior of this plant, which was of a dirty yel-

lowish hue, appeared composed of woolly fibres filled with a

glutinous dew.’* ......... . .

Az.jtecator. Bull. Near Woolhope, Herefordshire.

* n th 'Aug, 1791.

I — ,

ICRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. AgaricUc. Solid and Vecur- 179

rent . Yellow*

Var. 2. Gills rrtuch branched and inosculating i pileus brown
)ufF: stem very short and thick.

jills decurrent, numerous, pale yellowr, short for the size of the
plant, the edge of the pileus turning in so as greatly to
lefsen the usual distance between it and the steim Those
gills are more irregular than those of any other Agaric I
have examined, for they are much branched at both ends,
and these branchings inosculate with one another so as to
form a net-work, not only upon the stem, but also under
the edge of the pileus.

'ileus brown, or reddish buff, clammy or sattiuy, nearly flat,
but the edge at all times much turned in, and woolly ; dia-
meter 3 to 4 inches. Flesh yellowish.
tem solid, buff in the middle, brown below, yellow at the top,
nearly cylindrical, if inch long, 1 inch diameter ; some-
what eccentric.

, The general habit of this plant induces me to place .it here,
ut the want of milky juice would rank it as a variety of the Ag.

\mtiguus\ knowing however that those plants most abounding
rith milk are sometimes without it, as I have particularly found
1 th z Ag .xerampelinus , I think it very pofsible that a more favoura-
ble concurrence of circumstances may teach us that it is really a
lilky species.

Under large Spanish chesnut trees, in the Park at Edgbaston.

6th Aug. 1791.

iG. (Bolt.) Gills pale yellow, not numerous, 4 in a set : fuPrus«
pileus red buff, conical, changing to convex and
bofsed, the edge at length turning up : stem whitish,
cylindrical.

Bolt . fi-Schtfff. 50 and 54.

ills pale yellow, decurrent, not numerous, 4 in a set, but the
small teeth often excluded, and the larger ones branching
and inosculating near the edge of the pileus.
ileus red buff, most red in the centre, paler with age, at first
bluntly conical, the edge turned in, then nearly flat, but
bofsed in the centre, at length the edge turns up and tears.

Flesh white, thin, semi-transparent.
tem solid, cylindrical, but taper and bent towards the root,
white or very pale buff, or very dilute yellow, 1 f to 3 inches
high, f to f an inch diameter.

Ag. pallidas & ochroleucns. Schxff. Ag . fuhus . Bolt. On

£ bank by the long stew, Edgbaston Park. Oct-

$

M2

I

1 8 o

CRYPT0GAM1A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Dccuv*

rent . Purple.

ametliys'ti-

nus.

(6) Gills purple.

Ag. (Huds.) Gills purple, 2, 3, or 4 in a set : pileus pur-
ple, convex : stem pale purple, cylindrical.

Bull. 1 g3, and 570 -(but Schaff.13, which he quotes, is a different
■plant.)

Gills but slightly decurrent, beautiful violet purple, not nume-
rous, 2 in a set in the smaller, 3 and 4 in the larger plants.
Pileus purple, smooth, convex, with age the middle a little hol-
lowed, 1 to 2 inches diameter. .

Stem solid, irregularly hollow when old, pale purple, cynndnca ,
smooth, 2 to 3 inches long, thick as a raven or goose quill i
Stem often crooked. Pileus sometimes bofsed. Differs elsen-
tially from the A. violaceus in habit as well as colour. Mr. Stack
house. Our plant perfectly agrees with Mr. Hudson’s charac
ter, and also with the more explicit description by Vaillant. p. 67-
Ag. amethysteus. Bull. Woods near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse
Plantations, Edgbaston. July- Ocr.

ru'tilus. *Ag. (Sch^eff.) Gills reddish purple, leathery, few, iiii

pairs : pileus reddish purple, fleshy : stem reddih
purple, cylindrical.

Sch<rjf.5$*

‘ ' - Gills decurrent, moderately numerous, leathery, thick, reddis

purple, turning of a blue mouldy colour in decay.

Pileus flat, fleshy, thick, smooth, centre somewhat deprei sec
edge turned down, not changing colour as Schaeffer mei

Stem solid, reddish purple, cylindrical, insensibly swelling <
the top into the pileus, tough, 2 inches high or more, 3'dti
diameter. Major Velley and Mr. Stackhouse.

Ag. rutilus . Schaeff. Woods near Bath. Under hr trees
Pendarvis, Cornwall; often distorted when fully grown, ar
wrinkled into grotesque shapes. Mr. Stackhouse. A bonne
on Claverton Downs, and from its leathery texture contmu
much longer undecayed than any other species. Major v elle

N viscid us.

Ag. (Linn.) Gills purple, 4 in a set : pileus rich brow]
convex : stem paler brown, cylindrical*

- Ag. stipitatus, pileo purpurascente fu$co viscido : Lamel

fusco purpurascentibus. Linn. ,

Gills somewhat decurrent, distinct, remote, purple to brow
the short ones tapering to a point, sides woolly, powdery, rtu

i

^UYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed, i8i

White.

onvex, hemispherical, and the edge turned in when old, at length
urban-shaped and viscid. Stem cylindrical, brown yellow, espe-
ially in its horizontal section. FL suec .

y ills decurrent, not numerous.

’ileus convex, edge thin, rather turned down, about 2 inches
over.

t em solid, cylindrical, paler brown than thepileus, 1$ inch high, k'
thick as a goose-quill. Taken from a beautiful drawing
and difsection sent me by Mr. Stackhouse.

Plantations near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.

II. SOLID and FIXED.

. . -

( 1) Gills white.

\g. Gills white, very numerous, irregular, 4 in a set*.’ grave'olcns.
pileus white: stem white, tapering.

' Bull, 585.

jjlls fixed by a small clawr, white, very numerous, irregular,
mostly 4 in a set.

’ileus dead white, convex, yellowish in the centre, 3 to 4 inches
over. Flesh thick, white, spongy.
tem solid, white, fibrous, splitting, crooked, comprefsed, taper-
ing downwards, 2 inches high, near 1 inch diameter; spon-
gy and white within ; sometimes rather bulbous at the base.

The want of a Wrapper and Curtain distinguishes this from
he Ag. bnlbosus. The Gills are disposed to separate from the
•ileus as the tubes of some of the Boleti do. It is very strong and
nnpleasant in its smell, so that it is not an agreeable task to go
hrough the examination of it. Ag. grammopode. Bull.

Red Rock plantation, Edgbaston. In rings under trees in the
;arden at Packington. 20th May, 1792.

* *

Ag. (Bolt.^GMs watery white, 4 in a set, yearly gela- fimbria'tus.
tinous: pileus watery white, funnel-shaped, curled
at the edge: stem dusky watery white. See Ag.
infundibuliformis .

\ , *

\g. Gills white, 4 in a set: pileus pinky or brownish white, deprefisus,
center much deprefsed, edge turned down : stem
pinky white : juice milky,

M3

1 8 o

CRYPT0GAM1A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Decur-
rent. Purple.

(6) Gills purple.

amethys'ti- Ag. (Huds.) Gills purple, 2, 3, or 4 in a set : pileus pur-
nU8, pie, convex: stem pale purple, cylindrical.

Bull. 193, (tnd 570 -(but Sch&ff.i 3, which he quotes, is a different

plant.)

Gills but slightly decurrent, beautiful violet purple, not nume-
rous, 2 in a set in the smaller, 3 and 4 in the larger plants..-
Pileus purple, smooth, convex, with age the middle a little hol-
lowed, i to 2 inches diameter. v .

Stem solid, irregularly hollow when old, pale purple, cynndiica ,
smooth, 2 to 3 inches long, thick as a raven or goose quill
Stem often crooked. Pileus sometimes bofsed. Differs eisen-
tially from the A. violaceus in habit as well as colour. Mr. S tack-
house. Our plant perfectly agrees with Mr. Hudson’s charac
ter, and also with the more explicit description by Vaillant. p. 67
Ag. amethysteus. Bull. Woods near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse
Plantations, Edgbaston. July- Oct

ru'tilus. *Ag. (Sch^ff.) Gills reddish purple, leathery, few, if

pairs : pileus reddish purple, fleshy : stem reddih

purple, cylindrical.

Sch<cjf.5$.

Gills decurrent, moderately numerous, leathery, thick, reddis
purple, turning of a blue mouldy colour in decay.

Pileus flat, fleshy, thick, smooth, centre somewhat djpretsec
edge turned down, not changing colour as Schaeffer mei

Stem solid, reddish purple, cylindrical, insensibly swelling :
the top into the pileus, tough, 2 inches high or more, 3-otl
diameter. Major Velley and Mr. Stackhouse.

A a-, rutilus . Schseff. Woods near Bath. Under fir trees
Pendarvis, Cornwall; often distorted when fully grown, a
wrinkled into grotesque shapes. Mr. Stackhouse. Aboui
on Claverton Downs, and from its leathery texture contim
much longer undecayed than any other species. Major V elle

viscid us.

* Ag. (Linn.) Gills purple, 4 in a set : pileus rich brovvi
convex : stem paler brown, cylindrical.

- Ag. stipitatus, pileo purpurascente fu$co -viscido : Larnel.

fusco purpurascentibus. Linn.

Gifts somewhat decurrent, distinct, remote, purple to brow
the short ones tapering to a point, sides woolly, powdery. Ptt

1

CUYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI, Agaricus. Solid and Fixed. 181

White,

i onvex, hemispherical, and the edge turned in when old, at length
urban-shaped and viscid. Stem cylindrical, brown yellow, espe-
| ially in its horizontal section. FI. suec .

i ir i l l s decurrent, not numerous.

’ileus convex, edge thin, rather turned down, about 2 inches
over.

t em solid, cylindrical, paler brown than thepileus, i-§ inch high,1
thick as a goose-quill. Taken from a beautiful drawing
and difsection sent me by Mr. Stackhouse.

Plantations near Bath. Mr, Stackhouse.

II. SOLID and FIXED.

. ' * -

. ; w

(1) Gills white.

\g. Gills white, very numerous, irregular, 4 in a set:’ grave'oicns.
pileus white: stem white, tapering.

* Bull. $5.

Ijlls fixed by a small claw, white, very numerous, irregular,
mostly 4 in a set.

’ileus dead white, convex, yellowish in the centre, 3 to
over. Flesh thick, white, spongy.
tem solid, white, fibrous, splitting, cr- '

\g. r.xiKy or brownish white j depress us,

-^icised, edge turned down : stem
— white : juice milky.

M3

$2 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI, Agaricus, Solid Qtid faxed •

White.

573' nearly resembles it.

Gills fixed to the top of the stem, but not extending down it ;
white, yellowish with age, numerous, 4 in a set.

Pileus pinky or brownish white, much hollowed in the centre,
but the edge generally turned down ; glutinons, 4 or 5 inches
diameter. Flesh spongy, white, or pinky.

Stem solid, white, with a pinky tinge; 3 to 4 inches high, \ inch 1
diameter, thickest downwards.

Juice dilutely milky, that of the Gills more milky than that of'

the other parts ; very acrid.

Edgbaston Park. I4t^1 I79°*

mari'timus. Ag. Gills pinky white, 2 or 4 in a set, pileus pinky white, ,

convex ; stem white, pellucid.

Gills fixed, white, with or without a faint rosy tinge; not crowd-
ed, 2 or 4 in a set.

Pileus convex, spongy, white with a very slight rosy tinge, near:
inch diameter.

Stem solid, white, semi-transparent, with a whiter ppake central,
pith; rather more than an inch long, thick as a swallow s

quill. . ,

In considerable quantities, but not in clusters, amongst the.

grafs called the Den, on the sea shore at Teignmoath.

e 7th Oct. 1792.

aestiVu?. Gills watery white, claws pure white : pileus cream

colour: stem whitish: ring permanent.

Gills slightly fixed to the stem, watery white, changing to red-
dish brown when dry, numerous, 4 or d in a set, but the>
claws by which the long Gills are fixed to the stem pure
white, not turning brown when dry.

Pileus cream-coloured, deepest in the centre, gently convex,
edge turned down, 2 inches over, the skin cracking with

age. Flesh white. . ,

Stem solid, brownish, flesh white, whitest and pith-like in the
centre, 2 inches high, thick as a swan’s quill, thickest up-
wards.

Curtain white, when torn turned down on the stem ; permanent,
Edgbaston, on turf lately mown, j6th June, 1792c

lacer. Ag. (Sch^eff.) Gills white, fleshy, irregular, connected
by transverse ligaments; pileus livid, watery white,!
bolsed, tearing at the edge ; stepi white, crooked.

«

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed. 183

' » *

White.

j Schtff. 257.

j Gills fixed, pure white, fleshy, not numerous, 2, 3, or 4 in a sef,
but mostly 4, the dong ones sometimes forked; they are
connected by white threads to the pileus and to each other.

Pileus livid watery white, edge first turned in towards the stem,
then turning up, irregular, cracking and tearing, center
bofsed, surface scored, 1 to 2 inches over. Flesh white.

Stem solid, white, crooked, nearly cylindrical, often comprefsed,
rarely quite central, 2 inches high, full £ inch diameter.

This has very much the habit of the Ag. aurantius, but the
solid stem, and the want of slimy surface distinguish it. The
drawings of Schaeffer 257, are very characterestic, but the colour-
ing not very exact.

Ag. lacer . Schxff. Edgbaston, after much gentle rain, by
the long stew. ' 12th Oct. 1791 .

\

Ag. Gills white, numerous, 2 or 4 in a set: pileus dead opa'cus.
white, nearly flat: stem white, pith brown.

• Qills fixed, white, very thick set, and very fine, in pairs or in
fours.

Pileus white, opake, smooth, nearly flat when expanded, but a
little turned down at the edge, and a very small protube-
rance in the center, cracking when old, and the skin readi-
ly peeling off, diameter, i-§ to 2 inches.

Stem solid, white, cylindrical, 2 inches high, \ inch diameter,
filled with a watery, and, when old, with a brownish pith.

Edgbaston Park. 14th April 1792. — 9th Sept. 1791.

Ag. Gills watery white, 2 or 4 in a set, but irregular: pileus furfuro'sus.
yellow brown, scaly : stem yellow brown, crooked,
scored.

Gills fixed, watery white, turning to a brownish cast with age,
not numerous, 2 or 4 in a set, but very irregular.

Pileus yellow brown, scaly, conical when young, turning up
and cracking at the edge with age ; very uneven, not fleshy,

•§ to ■£■ inch over.

Stem solid, yellowish brown, splitting, crooked, scored or rather
fluted with longitudinal furrows, thick as a raven’s quill,

% to 1 inch high. Root a roundish knob.

From the turning up of the pileus andthe grooves on the stem3

the gills get rather a decurrent appearance.

Filbert hedge, Edgbaston gardens, 1 8th June, 1792-

i$4 CRYPTOG AMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

White.

cras'sipes. Ag. Gills white, brownish at the edges, fleshy, distant, 4 in

a set: pileus reddish brown, bofsed, cracking: stem
greatly tapering downwards, ribbed.

Schw/fi. 83. i-Bull. 106,- and 516, 2, but the bo/s not sufficiently
~ marked, -particularly in the latter plate-Schczjf. 8 7./. 1. 2.3,
only; the lower figures being a different plant.

t ■ : > v . V • • . y •• . • 1 9 , ■ ' .

Gills white, thinner and rusty brown at the edges; in the larger
specimens near an inch broad.

Pileus, surface very uneven with large hollows and large protu-
. . . berances ground dirty- white tinged and blotched with
reddish brown, deeper colour at the central bofs, sometimes
set very sloping on the stem so as to be nearly parallel with
it ; diameter 4 to 6 inches. Flesh spongy.

Stem blotched, comprefsed, % inch diameter at the top, deeply
ribbed or furrowed, and tapering downwards to a point; 4
: ... .... to 5 inches high.

Ag. cra/sipes. 'Sch.ieff, . Ag. fusipes. Bull, Growing in a large
cluster, apparently from one root, at the foot of an oak tree, in
contact with the .wood,. near the gate of the red rock plantation,
Edgbaston. 25th Aug. 1792.

. Foot of trees, Woolhope, Herefordshire. Mr. Stackhouse.
At the base of decaying trees, frequent. Mr. Woodward.

’ • « . 4 • i \ ' %■

musca'rius.

Ag. (Linn.) G.iilp white, short ones solitary: pileus
brownish or reddish, convex : stem scaly : ring broad,
« turned down. . ... d „

Pileus large, rather flat, generally red, sprinkled with downy
angular warts. Gills flat, inversely spear-shaped, mostly entire,
the few shorter ones very blunt, and without other smaller ones
on’each side them, which is petuliar -to this' species.. Stem cylin-
drical, a cavity within it, * base bulbous, warty, top expanded.
Ring on the middle of the stem, loose, pendent,

Varies with the pileus, white or red} or crimson , and warty.

Mixed with milk it kills flies. The exprefsed juice rubbed on
walls and bedsteads expels bugs. Linn.

Gills fixed, white, yellowish with age, numerous, mostly uni-
form, but a shorter one sometimes intervening. Thes?
shorter gills vary very much in length, but are rarely lefs
than 1 -3rd the length of the long ones.

* Only h.oUow whpn old.

r* •

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

White.

Pileus varying much In colour, very fleshy, convex, turning up
with age, 2 to 7 inches over. Flesh white, reddish in decay.
Warts raised, compact and angular; orthin, flat, and ragged.
Stem solid, the internal substance shrivelling with age leaves
irregular hollows; scaly, bulbous at the base, 3 to 5 inches
high, £ to i£ diameter.

Ring broad, permanent, turned down upon the stem.

Ag. stipitatus, lamellis dimidiatis solitariis ; stipite volvato,
apice dilatato, basi ovato. FI. Suec. 1235.

This plant rises out of the ground inclosed within its brown
studded wrapper (Volva of some authors, but not of Linn.) A
section made vertically shews all the parts in their original posi-
tion, and also the curtain (the real Volvaof Linn.) which remains
long after, forming when torn by the expansion of the pileus, the
broad ring upon the stem described above. The warts upon the
pileus are fragments of the wrapper, . a fact which 1 was for a
time indisposed to credit, because they often adhere so strongly
to the pileus as not to separate without tearing up its skin. Mr.
Stackhouse justly observes that the warts being undoubtedly the
remains of the wrapper the same species may be sometimes smooth
and sometimes warty, and that this circumstance cannot consti-
tute even permanent varieties.

Var. 2. Pileus white, warts yellowish ; stem white.

In this variety a short gill, or a gill of a third series, some-
times appears. Pileus but 2 inches diameter ; stem 2 inches high.

Edgbaston. 1 6th Sept. 1791.

Var. 3. Pileus blood red, without warts.

Bo!t.2’]-Sch<zff. 28.

Stem brownish white.

Ag. muse arii var. SchxfF. Dry woods about Halifax, York-
shire. Mr. Bolton.

Var. 4. Pileus blood red, with white warts.

Bull. 1 2 2 - Scha.’ff. 2 7 - C/us. i i . 2 8 o-Ger . em . 1 58 1 . 3-J. B . i i i . 8 4 r . 2-
Park. 1321 ,Q-Stcrb.22.A.

Stem white.

Ag. muscarius. SchxfF. Ag. Pseudo aurajitiacus . Bull. [Plantation,
on the south bank of the upper pool, at Hatton, near Shiffnal,
Shropshire. Under birch trees at Edgbaston.] June — Sept.

* Var. 5, Pileus pale red, with reddish warts.

B ull. 3 1 6 -Schecjf. 2 6 1 -Bolt. 139.

Mr. Bulliard says the gills are loose, but Mr. Bolton observes
that they adhere by a small claw to the top of the stem. The lat-
ter says it has no wrapper, but the former' observes that it has an:

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Sglidand Fixed.

White.

imperfect one which disappears in the progrefs of the growth of
the plant; and this also is the opinion of Schaeffer. Stem white
above, pinky below.

Ag. myodes . Schieff. Ag. verrucosus. Bull. Ag. myodes . Bolt.—
In a dry gravelly soil near Leebridge.

12th June, 1790. Mr. Bolton.

* Var. 6. Pileus pinky brown, with whitish, flat, thin, ragged
warts.

Schaff. 90. /. 1 . 3 -But the drawing of the gills does not agree with
the description .

Warts irregular in shape, in clusters, light brownish colour
and wrinkled, adhering slightly to the pileus, and may be rubbed
off. Mr. Stackhouse.

Ag. maculatus . Schaeff.

* Var. 7. Pileus pinky brown, sattiny, with small, angular,
hard, greyish warts : stem brownish white.

Curt,$i2'-Sch<iejf.y 0.2.4, an^ 9 1 * (but the drawing of the gills does
not accord with our plant, ngr with the author s own description.)

-Mich. 78.1.

Stem pinky brown, or brownish white. Ring reddish buff.
Flesh white, getting a pinky tinge after being some time exposed

to the air. .

The 6th and 7th varieties constitute the verrucosus or Mr.

Hudson, who refers also to Haller, 2397, which is a different

plant, the same as Bauh. hist. iii. 826, Sterb. 20. K. and Ray syn.

Ag. verrucosus . finds. Ray syn. p. 3. n. 12. Ag. maculatus and
pus tula t us. Schxff. Edgbaston Park, where grafs had been mown.
* ' May. Aug. — Nov.

* Var. 8. Pileus dirty yellow, with dull red clouds.

Curt. 312.

Pileus smooth, glutinous. JVarts light-coloured, thin, crum-
pled. Stem slightly tinged with red. Ring beautiful, standing
aloof from the stem in a wavy line, and finely striated.

Pendarvis, Cornwall. 2^th July, 1790*

* Var. 9. Pileus olive brown : warts blacjc.

Pileus in colour not unlike the bark of a young ash tree.
Warts irregular, large, blackish. Mr, Stackhouse.

Pasture land, Woolhope, Herefordshire.

Var. 10. Pileus olive brown, without warts: gills 4 in a set.
This turns up with age, not in the usual mode at the edge, but
the whole pileus doubled together.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

White.

Fir plantations, Barr, Staffordshire. Sept.

T have been the more particular in the display of this species
and its different varieties, on account of the great confusion caused
by the latter, the various times it has been figured under different
names, and the authority of Mr. Hudson, who has made two spe-
cies out of one, and has inadvertently quoted as a synonym still
another, and really a different plant.

Ag. (Sch,eff.) Gills white, numerous, 8 in a set: pileus teffreus#
brown, shaded, convex, irregular, cracking: stem
white, conical, eccentric.

Sch<fjf.6 4. i. 2.3.

Gills fixed, watery white, numerous, 8 in a set, the smaller gills
varying much in length.

Pileus light watery brown, with various shades, scored, convex,
rather bofsed, edge turned down, and the sides with 1 or 2
large irregular deprefsions, cracking with age, 2% to 4
inches diameter. Flesh white, spongy.

Stem solid, white, smooth, rather crooked, tapering to the root,
rarely central, 2% inches long, f inch diameter. Ray syn.

5. 21, which Mr. Curtis would not have afsigned to the
Ag. ovatus , had he sufficiently considered the description of
Ray.

Ag. ter reus. Schoeff. In clusters. Edgbaston, under the large
oak by the bolt of the square stew. 4th Sept. 1791.

Var. 2. Gills white, 4 in a set, wide apart : stem tapering
upwards.

Schteff.64.. tp-Fl.dan. 832.3, seems to be the same plant , of a dwarfish
growth , and a rough pileus .

Gills fixed, very white, fleshy, broad, wide asunder, 4 in a set.
PiLEus'reddish mouse, sattiny, convex but uneven, 3 inches dia-
meter, oblique.

Stem solid, very white, crooked, tapering upwards, many united
together at the base, 2 inches long, \ inch diameter.

Coplar Wood, Herefordshire. Sept. 17 91.

Specimen, description, and a drawing from Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 3. Gills 8 in a set : pileus scaly: stem thinnest in the
middle: root bulbous.

Ag. terreus . Schseff. Ag. sealer. FI. dan. In the garden at
Edgbaston. _ 1 8th June, 1792.

* Var, 4. Pileus livid, conical, bofsed : gills dirty white : stem
crooked.

xSS

leucocepld-

alus.

plumo'sus.

x

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

White.

S chaff. 14.

Stem irregularly hollow when old, and often so much curved
that the pileus is bent down to the ground. Pileus very variable, -
somewhat hairy, paler when old, and the border frequently split.
Mr. Woodward. The death-like palenefs of the gills distin-
guishes this plant. The hue of the pileus variable, but most fre-
quently of a dove colour. Schxffer’s t. 14, the gills ill-coloured.
This Agaric frequently comes up in waved lines of a considerable
extent, or in great circles, 10 or 15 yards in diameter. Major
V E L l e y .

Ag. lividus. Huds. 616. Relh. 937. Ag , multiformis . Schseff.
Woods and hedges. [Pine grove, Kirby. Mr. Woodward.]

Oct. — April.

. * Var. 5. GilLs extremely white : pileus mouse-colour, shaded
with brown : stem cylindrical, thick, dirty white, straight.

Gills not reaching the stem, but leaving a channel round it.
Pileus flat, 2 \ inches over. Stem 2% inches high, inch diameter,
splitting. Drawing and description from Mr. Stackhouse.

Grows in long extended lines ; in woods near Bath. Mr.
Stackhouse.

Var. 6. Gills pinky white, mostly 8 in a set: pileus semi-
transparent.

Edgbaston lanes. May.

Ag. (Bull.) Gills white, 4 in a set: pileus convex, cen-
tre mouse, border white or pinky : stem white, cy-
lindrical, crooked, brittle.

Bull. $£6~Bull. <±28.1 , more bofsed than our specimens .

■ *

Gills fixed, white, brittle, 4 in a set.

Pileus convex, silky, centre dilute mouse, lightly shaded off,
border white, when young sometimes tinged with pink,
cracking with age, 14 to 4 inches diameter.

Stem solid, white, cylindrical, but oiten comprefsed, crooked,
silky, 1 to 2 inches high, -4- to •§• inch diameter. Central
when young, not always so in a more advanced age.

Ag. leucocephalus . Bull. Grows in clusters; pasture land, Edg-
baston, particularly by the long stew. 27 th Oct. 1790.

* Ag. (Bolt.) Gills white, 4 in a set : pileus convex,
mouse-coloured, tufted : stem mouse-colour, tufted,
cylindrical, crooked.

Belt. 3^.

Gills fixed, white, broad, numerous, dry and light.

CRYPTOGAMIA.

lb

FUNGI# Agaricus# Solid and Fixed #>

W H I T E .

File us thickly covered like the stem with mouse-colouied downy
matter, thin, light, dry, flexible, 15 inch over.

Stem solid, hard, thick as a duck’s quill, 4 inches high. Curiam
white, evanescent. Bolton.

Ag. plumosus. Bolt. In a steep wood near Halifax. Aug.

Ac, Gills pure white, strong, not crowded, 8 in a set : gracilis#
pileus pure light brown, Hat, thin, bofsed '. stem tall,
slender, brownish.

Gills fixed, very white, rather distant, fleshy, regularly dis-
posed 8 in a set.

Pileus cool brown, shining with moisture but not viscid, thin,
nearly flat, but a gentle rising in the centre and radiated
round flie bofs, diameter 3 to 4 inches.

Stem solid, smooth, sattinv, white at the top and bottom, pale
mouse in the middle, 8 inches high, j inch diameter, gently
tapering upwards, splitting. Flesh brown, white in the
centre.

Var. 1. Gills very much branched: stem entirely white.

Edgbaston, red rock plantation. Aug. Sept. 1791.

Ag. Gills white, 4 in a set : pileus chcsnut, semi-globular :
stem huffy white, tapering.

Schecjf. 87. 4. 5, (stem too red and too much ribbed.)— Bull, 516* 2,
resembles it , but this plate is so far unfinished that 1 cannot quite
decide until the text shall he published . The author calls it
fusipes, which he figured before in plate 106, but if it be only a
variety of that , his own observations at the foot of the plate must
prove unfounded. The smaller figures give a pretty exact idea
of our plant , but the stems have too much colour.

elas'ticus#

1

Gills fixed, whitish, 4 in a set.

Pileus chesnut colour, semi-globular, uniform, clothy.

Flesh white, moderately thick.

Stem solid, buff, with a few small red brown blotches, smooth,
i£ to 2 inches high, inch diameter, tapering upwards
from \ inch above the ground, and from the same part ra-
pidly tapering downwards so as to end in a slender root;
sometimes rather ribbed.

This Agaric is very tough and strong, with a considerable
share of elasticity. Mr. Stackhouse observes that the edge of the
pileus coops in like the button of a common mushroom, that the
gills are numerous, stiff, and white, that it is often found not in

1

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

White.

clusters, and that in many instances it approaches the Ag. crafsipes.
To this opinion 1 perfectly agree, and further remark, that the
tendency to a ribbed stem in some of the specimens still increases
the affinity ; but until the Ag. crafsipes shall be better known,
especially in its younger and smaller forms, I think the difficulties
will soonerbe cleared up by keeping them apart. The want of
a bofs on the pileus, the absence of cracks in its skin, the want
of strongly marked ribs on the stem, and more than all, the tough
elastic substance of the plant, prevent me at present from arrang-
ing it as a variety of the crafsipes .

Not Ag. elasticus. Bolt.

Ag. crafsipes . Schxff. Under oak trees in Edgbaston Park.

2ISt Aug. 1791.

Var. 2. Gills brown white, shallow, 4 in a set : pileus brown,
convex, sattinv, stem white.

Gills fixed very strong to the stem, brownish white, very nar-
row, 4 in a set, the smaller series often hid under the edge
of the pileus, which turns inwards over them.

Pileus brown, sattiny, shining, convex, 2^ inches over.

Flesh very thick, white.

Stem solid, 'white, sattiny, cylindrical, rarely straight, 2 inches
high, ■§■ an inch diameter.

I have not- been able to find either a curtain or a ring.

The whole substance very strong and elastic. It grows sin-
gle or in clusters.

Under the large oak by the bolt of the square stew, Edgbas-
ton Park. 18th Sept.

Var. 3. Pileus rather conical; brown chesnut, very viscid:
stem whitish, cylindrical: curtain white, fugacious.

Pileus rather conical, brown chesnut, very viscid. Stem cylin-
drical.

Gills fixed, white, 4 in a set.

Pileus edge turned in, 2 inches over, entirely covered with a
viscid matter, which drying preserves its brightnefs like
varnish. Flesh white.

Stem cylindrical, above where the curtain was attached white
and scurfy, below stained with the colour and the varnish
of the pileus ; 2 to 2f inches high, £ of an inch or more in
diameter.

Partakes the toughnefs and elasticity of the other varieties,
which seems owing to its outer coat, which is both tough and
elastic, readily stripping from the flesh which is rather tender and
brittle.

In clusters, on the roots of fallen firs, in dry plantatians at
Edgbaston. Oct.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed. 191

. White.

Ag. Gills white, 4 in a set : pileus dull pink, convex : obsoles'cens
stem pinky brown, cylindrical.

Batsch. 102.

/

3 Gills slightly fixed, whitish, large ones about 36.

Pileus dull brown pink, convex, but flatted and somewhat de-
prefsed when old, 1 to i| inch over.

Stem solid, but pithy; pinky brown, cylindrical, 1 to if inch
high, thick as a goose quill.

Ag. obsolescent. Batsch. In the Park at Packington, War-
wickshire.

Ag. Gills brown white, 4 in a set : pileus cool brown, stip'itis,
darker and woolly in the centre : stem pale brown
with a buffy tinge, thicker and bulbous at the base :
ring white, permanent.

Bolt . 1 3 6-Mich. 81.2.

Gills fixed, quite white, narrow, thin, pliable.

Pileus at first bluntly conical, then nearly flat, almost white at
the edge, cracking very much through the whole substance,
but not turning up, 2 to 4 inches over.

Stem cool brown, 3 to inches high, £ an inch diameter. Curtain
thick, tough, cottony, white.

Ag. fusco-pallidus. Bolt. Edgbaston Grove, where large trees
had been fallen four or five years before. 2d Oct. 1791.

Var. 2. Gills brown white, 4 in a set: pileus rich brown:
stem pinky or brownish white, tapering at the base : ring yel-
lowish.

FI. dan. 1 o 1 3 -Scheeff. 74.

Gills strong, white, changing to buffy brown.

Pileus at first bluntly conical, dark reddish brown and woolly at
the apex, the edge olive brown ; afterwards a more uniform
rich brown.

Stem cylindrical, rarely straight, tapering greatly downwards at
the root.

Ag. melleus. FI. dan. In similar situations with the preceding.

Oct.

Var. 3. Gills white, fleshy, 8 in a set : pileus dark brown and
olive : stem nearly white, cylindrical: curtain and ring yellow.1

Pileus dark and woolly in the centre, border rich yellow olive,

1 to i£ inch diameter, cracking and turning up when old.

Stem White, with a pinky or brownish tinge, cylindrical through-
out, 2 to 3 inches high. Curtain cottony, pale yellow.

CRYPTOGAM! A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

White.

Ring deeper yellow. A much smaller plant than the pre-
ceding varieties.

On a hedge bank in the Edgbaston old road. 25th Sept.

Var. 4. Gills white, 4 or 8 in a set : pileus convex, different
shades of brown : stem nearly cylindrical, brownish: curtain
woolly : ring broad, turned down on the stem, permanent.

Gills fixed, white, 4 or 8 in a set.

Pileus various shades of yellow, red, or olive, to cool pale brown,
darker in the centre, convex, slightly bofsed, edge turned
down, cracking when fully expanded, i-£ to 4 inches over.
Flesh white.

Stem solid, spongy, smooth, from rich red brown to nearly white, .
cylindrical, seldom straight, silky, shining, 2 to 7 inches
high, -k an inch diameter.

Ring permanent, formed by the curtain,. which is thick, tough,
and woolly, turning down upon the stem. The curtain in the *
young state of the plant extends up the stem quite to the gills,
and then stretches downwards to the edge of the pileus, forming
striae or rising scores upon the top of the stem, to which the gills
are not connected, but which on a carelefs examination gives
them an appearance of a decurrency, not really existing.

Ag. obscurus . SchaefF. Grows in large clusters in the hollows;
left by the felling of trees. Sept. Oct.

Var. 5. Gills dusky white, fleshy, tough, distant, 4 in a set:
pileus convex, rust-coloured: stem rust-coloured, tapering up-
wards : ring white, tough, permanent.

Bolt. 16.

Gills adhering to the stem by a narrow claw.

Pileus 1 inch diameter, feeling like harsh woollen cloth. Flesh
white.

Stem solid, firm, clastic.

The whole plant of a tough leathery substance, and in decay
dries and withers.

Ag. elasticas. Bolt. Fixby Park, under oak trees.

Oct. 1786. Bolton. ,

Var. 6. Pileus smooth, rich red chesnut: stem cylindrical,
silky, pinky.

Gills white, numerous, fleshy, very narrow where fixed to the
stem. , ;

Pileus convex, 2 inches over.

Stem solid, 2-5- inches high. Fiesn pinky, rather crooked,
near % an inch diameter. Curtain leaving a permanent
ring on the stern.

The pileus not woolly in the centre, but patched with rem-
nants of a shrivelled wrapper, hence it is probable that the wool-

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed*

W HITE.

f

Intel's mentioned in the preceding varieties jrs owing to remnants

from the same origin.

Under Chesnut trees, Edgbaston Park. Oct.

A g. Gills white, in pairs: pilous fox colour, convex:
stem brownish : ring white, permanent.

r - . i j (i ^

Bolt, i g -Battar. 1 1 . F.

Gills fixed, few, narrow, brittle, in pairs.

Pile us fox colour, slightly convex, edge turned in, i to if inch
over.

Stem solid, pale brown, near 2 inches high, \ of an inch diameter
at top, tapering downwards ; several clustered together and
united near die root.

X J •

Curtain narrow, dead white, soft, cottony. Substance dry,

light, spongy, comprefsible, elastic. ,

Takes root under the bark of decaying larch trees. In a small

plantation at Lee Bridge, near Halifax. [Packington Park.]

Autumn.

*Ag. (Bolt.) Gills white, 4 in a set, changing to brown-
ish white : pi lens umber brown, flat, but soon turn-
ing up : stem grey white* with whiter reticulated
veins.

Bolt. \ ^5; (hut none of the reference:.)

(Tills fixed.

Pile us thin, smooth, silky, 2 or 3 inches over, soon turning
completely up so as to form a funnel-like cup, which some-
times contracts partially so as almost to form distinct cups.

Stem solid, consisting of a strong rind, filled with a white spongy
pith. Surface dusky white, marked with longitudinal re-
ticulations of a whiter colour. Bolton.

Ag. cyathouks. Bolt. Grew under an old melon frame.

X < Feb.

Ag. (Bull.) Gills huffy white, 4 in a set, but irregular
and variously branched : piieus pale brown, with
darker circles, gently convex, edge turned in : stem
nearly cylindrical, huffy white.

Schxff. 235, (very exact to our spec 2 wens.) -Bull. 104, the plant ,
but paler than curs.

Gills fixed, white, with a very pale buffy tinge, numerous, 4 in
a set when regular, but the long ones often splitting, and
then the smaller ones are excluded,

Vol.IV.~~ N

J93

lari'cinus.

cyathoPdes.

zonahius.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

White.

Pileus pale brown, with concentric circles of a reddish brown,
smooth, flatfish at the top or rather a little deprefsed, sides
bent down and a little turned in, i-£ to 3 inches over. Flesh
white, thin.

Stem solid, white, with a slight buffy or pinky tinge, cylindrical,
» or a little tapering downwards, rarely quite straight, or

quite central, i-£ inch high, -§• an inch diameter.

Milk in the gills and cortical part of the pileus abundant,
white, very acrid.

Ag. fuscus. Schseff. Ag. lactifluus Zonarius. Bull. Dam of
the great pool in Edgbaston Park, plentifully, but I have not
found it elsewhere. 4th Aug.

Var. 2. Pileus pale grey brown, white at the edge.

Farther Plantations, Edgbaston. Sept.

. :oo

teger. Ag. (Linn.) Gills white, mostly uniform: pileus of vari-
ous tints : stem white.

Gills fixed, white, mostly uniform, fleshy, moderately thick set,
yellowish with age.

Fileus crimson, pink, lilac, or tawny brown,, changing to dirty
yellow, or to lead colour ; often glutinous, regularly con-
vex, often scored at the edge, which turns up when old;
from 1 to 4 inches over. Flesh white.

Stem solid, white, cylindrical, 1$ to 2\ inches high, ■§ to Fof an
inch diameter.

Ag. stipitatus, lamellis omnibus magnitudine aequalibus. FI.
Suee. 1230. — Ray Sjn. p. 4. n. 16.

This is a very common Agaric, and one of the most beautiful
of the tribe, but its evanescent and varying tints, as well as the
great differences in its size, are apt to puzzle the younger bota-
nists. The skin of the pileus is very ready to strip off. Snails
are very fond of this species.

Var. 2. Gills uniform, connected by crofs threads: pileus

pink to lilac.

Bolt.i-Schjcjf.rfi-'j 5-92, are all representations of this plants in
general pretty ‘well done. f-B attar. 1 5. C. E.—Fl. dan . 1 oog. I , a
• young plant. -Batsch. 1 3 -Sterb. 2 2 . F.

f The gills in most of Schaffer’s plates of this plant, are erroneously
drawn, I say erroneously, because his own descriptions often differ from the
drawings. Thus in pi. 58, 92, he particularly describes the gill as equal , but
in the fig. they are of two. different lengths, except only in pi. 92. f. 2. The
same may lie said of pi. 93, 94, where they are described as equal, but figured
ot two ox even three different lengths. I don’t know that these varieties,
viz. Schxft. 93, 94, have yet been seen in England.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

White.

Pileus plano-convexus, vix carnosus, pallidus aut sanguineus,
margine supra sulcato punctisque stria to, a lamellis versus margi-
nem interiorem capituli ab initio denticulato connexis. Lamellae
pallidse et notanter omnes integral f. equales. Stipes maginis,
albus. Fi. Suec. 1230. Ray syn. 3. n. 7. and;/, g.

Ag. rufsula , roseus & ruber , Schaeff. Jig. integer . Bolt. Ag.
aurantius. Batsch. Ag. integer. FI. dan. Pastures, particularly
under trees. Aug. — Nov.

Var. 3. Gills mostly uniform, yet with a shorter one sometimes
intervening ; connected by crofs threads : pileus crimson.

S chaff. 1 5-1 6.

This the most common one, is found in similar situations
and seasons with the former. The threads or ligaments connect
the gills with each other and with the pileus. They are white,
and are mostly found pretty close to the inside of the pileus. — -
Ray syn . p. 3. n. 7, probably this plant.

1 Ag. emcticus. Schxff.

Var. 4. Gills often forked, sometimes at both ends, and inos-
culating with those on each side : pileus blood red.

)

Bull. Ag. sanguineus .

Stem a kind of horny coat filled with a spongy matter. This
circumstance is more obvious in this than in the other varieties,
but I can find no other difference.

Pastures, particularly under large oaks, Edgbaston.

xoth Aug.

Var. 5. Pileus delicate grey, changing to lead colour.

Herefordshire. Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse. Dam
of square stew, Edgbaston. 17th Oct. — Tettcnhall Plantations.

July.

t * • t

Var. 6. Pileus clammy, dirty yellow, rather convex: gills yel-
lowish, uniform.

Gills fixed, perfectly uniform, yellow or yellowish white.

Pileus convex, centre hollow when fully expanded, viscid, yel-
low; in some specimens quite yellow in the centre, huffy
on the sides, and with still more of a reddish tinge at the
edge; 4 inches over.

Stem solid, but spongy ; white, or yellowish white, tapering up-
wards, 2 inches high, and 1 inch diameter.

There is little doubt but Mr. Hudson’s luteus, rejecting the
Synon. of Vaill. is a variety of integer. Mr. Woodward.

Ag. luteus. Huds.

Mr. Hudson remarks the affinity of this to the Ag. integer,
and 1 suspect that its differences arise from growing in the shade .

of trees* *

N 2

I

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. S did and Fixed*

White.

Meadows and pastures under trees and in groves. Aug. Oct.-^
Under a large oak in Edgbaston Park, ioth July, 1792. — At
Woolhope, Herefordshire. Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 7. Pileus dirty yellowish or reddish : gills very white,
unequal : juice milky, mild. Drawing and description from Mr.
Stackhouse, who found it on Coplar Hill, near Hereford.

Var. 8. Pileus and stem of a fine uniform purple blue.

[At the foot of St. Vincent’s rocks, Bristol. Oct.]

Var. g. Pileus greenish, rather reddish in the centre.
Packington Park, Warwickshire. Autumn.

punie'eus. Ag* Gills white, 4 in a set: pileus pinky, convex: stem

white.

Gills fixed, white, rather numerous, 4 in a set.

Pileus convex, dull pinky red, clothy, sometimes a little boPed ;

nearly flat when fully expanded, ^ to i of an inch over.
Stem solid, white, often crooked, about 1 inch high, and thick
as a crow quill.

Grafs plats, adjoining to the house of Thomas Pearson, Esq.
at Tettenhall, Staffordshire. 28th Aug. 1792.

trunca'tus. Ag. (Sch^eff.) Gills dirty white, in pairs : pileus brick

red, conical but flat at top when young: stem whitish,
cylindrical, swollen at the root.

Sch£ff.2$l.

GtHs fixed. Pileus conical but flat at the top when young,
changing to convex, and nearly flat when old; 2 inches over.
Stem solid, inch high, % of an inch diameter, swollen and
brown at the base. Schaffer.

Ag. viscidus. Huds. 614. 18.

This is introduced from Schaeffer on the authority of Mr.
Hudson, who refers to it as a synonym to the Ag. viscidus of
Linn, which is a very different plant to this of Schaeffer ; but as
the character Linnaeus gives to his viscidus could never lead
Mr. Hudson to this plant of Schaeffer, I must suppose that he
had found the latter to he the plant before him, and only erred
in referring it to the species of Linnaeus. Mr. Hudson likewise
refers to Scop. 1477, but Scopoli refers his species, which he
calls purpurascens , to FI. Suec. 1232, and these seem also to he
Schxffer’s plant. The real Ag. viscidus of Linnceus has lately
been found in England, and will therefore be introduced in its
proper place.

Woods and groves.

Sept. Oct.

CRA I x OGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed*

White*

197

*Ag. (Bolt.) Gills white, 4 in a set: pileus rather co- cro'ceus,
nical, knappy, yellow : stem white, in part covered
with yellow knap.

Sowerty 1 9 -Bod. 51.2, too small.-Bull . 362, larger and more of a
brown cast.-Batsch. 97.

Gills fixed, numerous. Pileus at first conical. Stem cylindri-
cal, solid, 3 inches high, thick as a swan’s quill; white, but
more than half its length covered with a woolly knap of a yellow

:olour. Curtain fugacious, fixed to the stem where the woollinefs
ends. Bolt. ^

j-ills numerous, unequal, pure white.

Pileus golden brown, velvety, convex.

Jtem colour of the pileus as high as the ring. Curtain delicate,

> brown, separating in fringes on the edge of the pileus and
on the stem. Mr. Stackhouse.

Ag. och ace us. Bull. Ag, croceus. Bolt. Ag. Jlavo-floccosus.

3atsch. In the Burks, and other woods about Halifax. Comb
t'Voods, near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.

\g. Gills white, fleshy, 2 or 4 in a set: pileus dirty sordido-fla’-

brown yellow, much hollowed : stem white.

rus.

tills fixed, white, fleshy, in fours or in pairs ; narrow.
ileus dirty brown yellow, very hollow in the centre, but the
edge curled in, crumpled and very irregular, 5 inches over.
diesh white, m thicknefs twice the breadth of the gills.
tem solid, white, about 1 inch high, nearly as much in diameter,
tapering and rather rounded at the bottom.

Notwithstanding the difference in the composition of the gills
am inclined to believe that this and the 2 following are not spe-
ffically different. r

Under trees in Edgbaston Park. Aug. Sept,

lG* (Bolt.) Gills yellowish while, fleshy, wide apart, elephanti'nus
4 in a set : pileus brown yellow, changing to black,
and cracking : stem white.

Bolt. 2%-Sou:erty 3 6-Battar. 9. A.

ills fixed, yellowish white, very fleshy, wide asunder, 4 in a set.
ileus brown yellow, viscid, changing to almost black, and crack-
ing like burnt clay; semi-globular, but with irregular de-
pressions. Flesh white.

tem solid, white, contracted at the bottom, 2 to 3 inches high,
ana 2 in diameter. 6

N3

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed,

White.

This and the following species require further attention to
determine whether they really are or are not distinct. I am dis-
posed, from their general habits, to believe they are not, but yet
1 am staggered by the remarkable differences in the structure of
the gills,

Ag. elephantinus . Bolt. Edgbaston Park, in various places,
but always under oak or Spanish chesnut trees. 13th Aug. 1791.

'tus. Ag. Gills yellow white, uniform, often splitting, connected
by threads : pileus golden yellow, viscid, flat, the
sides turned down : stem white.

Gills fixed, yellowish white, in one series only, often splitting,
connected and strengthened by transverse threads or liga-
ments extending from one gill to another near the inner
-surface of the pileus.

Pileus deep golden yellow, changing when old to dark blotches
as if the effect of fire; viscid, flattish at the top, 5 inches
over, about an inch of the border turned down nearly
square with the flat top, and parrallel to the sides of the
stem. Flesh white.

Stem solid, v white, tapering upwards so as to be far thinner at
the top, 2 inches high, 1 inch diameter.

When an unexpanded button, the whole plant is entirely
white, or entirely yellowish. This species, though so large and.
so remarkable, seems to have been overlooked. Piobably the
dark burnt blotches upon the pileus may have caused it to be
confounded with the Ag. adustus , before mentioned, or with the.
Ag. elephantinus , The difference however of structure has satis-
fied me that it is not the former species. Major Velley very justly
remarked to me, that the viscid Agarics are much disposed to get
dark tints. This plant cannot be the Ag. viscidus of Mr. Hud-
son, for he cites, though doubtfully, Vaill. 62. n. 14, which is a
plant of no uncommon bulk or solidity. The gills too in his are
yellow.

Ag. quinquepartitus . L 1 N N .

Under a large oak, near the second stew, Edgbaston Park.

2 1st Aug, 1791.

ir'idis. *Ag. (Ray.) Gills white, fleshy, brittle, 4 in aset : pileus
blue green : stem cylindrical, whitish.

Bo!t.i2-Sterb.5.C.~(Sch<eff.i, is Ag. arugimsus.)

Gills fixed, narrow.

Pileus hemispherical, 2 or 3 inches diameter, greyish blue, dry)
feels like coarse cloth. Flesh thick, firm, hard, brittle
white,

2

I

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed, 199

Brown.

» ' « - *

Stem solid, dusky white, cylindrical, hard, 3 inches high, thick
as a swan quill. Bolton.

j Fungus magnus viridis. Ray syn. p. 2. n. 3. Ag. c&ruleus .

Bolt. p. 12.

Var. 2. Gills whitish : stem greenish.

Ag. viridis . Huds. 614. 16. excluding the references to Haller
and Schaeffer.

In woods, Aug. — Oct.

I

V * ^ 1 »

» * 1 ■ *

(2) Gills brown.

.

Ag. Gills brown, in pairs : pi ljeus yellow brown, bluntly constric'tus.
conical : stem brown, scurfy : curtain permanent.

Gills fixed, watery brown, tender, in pairs.

Pile us yellow brown, bluntly conical approaching to globular,
the edge being turned in, and held down by the curtain ;
lefs than •£ of an inch high. Curtain brown white, tough,
permanent.

Stem solid but pithy, brown, paler upwards, scurfy, thick as a
thin crow quill, near £ of an inch high.

On rotten wood ; plantations, Edgbaston. Sept.

Ag. Gills light brown, 4 in a set : pileus rich yellow muco'sus.
brown, flat but rather bofsed : stem white above,
yellow brown and woolly below : ring permanent.

S chaff. 3 1 2-Bull. 549, very stiff and unnatural .

Gills fixed, light brown, 4 in a set.

Pileus yellow brown, ffattish, darker and rather bofsed in the
centre, about 2 inches diameter.

Stem solid, above the ring white, below it brown and woolly, 3
inches high, 3-8ths of an inch diameter. Ring permanent.

Flesh brown white.

The pileus and stem are remarkably viscid.

Ag. limacinus . Schxff. Ag. mucosus. Bull. In the Earl of
Aylesford’s Park at Packington, Warwickshire. Autumn.

1 «

Ag. (Sch&ff.) Gills pale brown, 4 or 8 in a set: pileus vacci'nus.
brown, scurfy, convex, gently bofsed : stem cylin-
drical, pale brown.

S chaff. 25; very good.

Gills fixed, pale, changing to reddish brown, white at the edge
when young, 8 in a set.

,209 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. x\garicus. Solid and Fixed,

Brown.

* ■ * *■

Pileus brown, convex, slightly bofsed, scurfy with scales of
various shades of brown, if to 3 inches over.

Stem solid, cylindrical, brown, scored, 3 to finches high, £ to f
inch diameter, often crooked.

Flesh of the whole plant white, attaining a reddish tinge when
exposed to the air.

Ag. ' vaccims . Schteff. Plantations in Edgbaston Park.

13th Sept. 1791.

Var. 2. Pileus yellow brown with dark blotches : stem yel-
lowish, scored.

In Packington Park. Autumn.

sor'dldus. Ag. (D icks.) Gills brown, 8 in a set : pileus darker brown,

hollow: stem cylindrical, brown, bulbous.

Boh. $g— Dicks, t, 3./. 1.

Gills fixed, dead brown, 4 or 8 in a set, moderately numerous.
Pileus brown, darker than the gills or stem, and still darker in
the centre ; funnel-shaped, if to 2f inches over.

Stem solid, brown cylindrical, but a little swollen at the base to
form the root, 2 to 4 inches high, 1 -8th to 1 -4th diameter.

Ag.stipitatus, pileo et lamellis livido-fuscis, centro umbilicato,
margine deflexo, stipite basi crafsiore. — Oh. Pileus totus fuligi-
nosus. Dicks, fasc. cryp. p. 16.

Ag. sirdidus. Bolt, and Dicks. Pastures, Edgbaston. Nov.

Pastures and commons near Bungay. Mr. Woodward. —
Woods near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.

i ■ . ■ t . ' : v ■ J

t

spongio'sus. Ag. Gills cool brown, serrated : pileus chocolate colour,

widely conical: stem cool brown : ring permanent.

Gills fixed, tearing from the stem ; light brown, 4 in a set.
Pileus bluntly conical, dark chocolate colour, edged with white
spots the remains of the curtain; if to 2 inches over.
Stem solid, but very spongy in the central part; light brown,
scored, 2 to 2f inches high, near f inch diameter, thicker
downwards,

Packington Park, Warwickshire. Autumn.

' ' ' ' x t

dava'tus. Ag. Gills pale brown: pileus dark brown, flat, the edge

turned in: stem light grey, reticulated, club-shaped.

Gills fixed, brown, few, in pairs, very small.

Pileus dirty dark br<?wn, fiat, but a little deprefsed, the edge
turned in, f inch diameter.

/

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaric as. Solid and Fixed.

Brown.

Stem solid, light grey, reticulated with darker scores, club-shaped,
2 or 2$ inches high, thick as a goose quill at the top, but
more than twice that size towards the bottom.

In the Earl of Aylesford’s Park, Packington, Warwickshire.

Autumn.

Ag. Gills brown, numerous, 4 in a set : pileus pale yellow,
centre brown, edge white: stem white.

Bull. 574*2.

Gills fixed, brown, crowded, 4 in a set, partly tearing from the
stem as the pileus attains its full size.

Pileus pale yellow, brown in the centre, insensibly changing to
white towards the edge ; convex, irregular, bofsed, edge
turned in, if to 2 inches over. Flesh white, pithy.

Stem solid, but pithy ; white, generally crooked, 1-3- inch high,
not quite so thick as a goose quill,

Ag. parasiticus. Bull. Red rock plantation, Edgbaston. Sept.

1 Ag. Gills pale brown, narrow, 4 in a set: pileus uniform
cool brown, somewhat gloflsy, nearly flat: stem pale
brown.

Batsch. log.

Gills fixed, pale dead brown, narrow', not crowded, 4 in a set.
Pileus pale cool uniform brown, rather glofsy, flat, the edge
turned down and very thin ; if to 2 inches over. Flesh
hardly any.

Stem solid, whitish brown, straight, if to 2 inches high, f inch
diameter, thickest adjoining to the pileus.

The whole plant has a tough leathery texture. The name
given by Batsch has likewise been applied by Bolton and Bulliard
to the Ag. alneus and Ag. betulinus, but improperly. All the
specimens we found had their stems perfectly flat, and the gills
readily separating from the top of the stem but not without tak-
ing with them its outer skin.

Ag, coriaceus . Batsch, Plantations at Edgbaston, on rotten
sticks. Sept.

Ag. Gills deep yellow brown, 4 in a set: pileus pale yel-
low brown, sharply peaked : stem pale brown.

Gills fixed, deep yellow brown, 4 in a set, moderately nume-
rous.

20X

umbra'tu3.

coria/ceus.

cacumina'tus

202 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed,

Brown.

Pileus pale yellow brown, convex, sharply peaked in the centre,
dry and sometimes rather sattiny, about i inch over, when
fully grown subject to crack at the edge.

Flesh dull pale brown.

Stem solid, pale brown, size of a crow quill, near 2 inches high.
The central part of the stem filled with a whitish pith, and
when this shrivels it has much the appearance of a hollow
stem.

The conical pointed bofs in the centre of the pileus is the most

striking feature in this plant.

Red rock plantation, Edgbaston. 30th Sept.

araneo'sus. Ag. (Bull.) Gills red brown, broad and short, 4 in a set :

pileus brown, conical, cracked : stem brown, taper-
ing upwards : curtain pale brown.

Bull. 43 1.4; araneosus rimosus.

Gills fixed, reddish brown, 4 in a set, large gills nearly as broad
as long, and fixed by a claw to the stem.

Pileus convex, rather conical, brown, sattiny, with cracks of a
paler colour from the centre to the edge, if inch over.
Flesh very thin, pale yellow.

Stem solid, brown, sattiny, cylindrical, but rather thickening
towards the bottom, 2 to 3 inches high, 2-8ths to 3-8ths
diameter.

Curtain pale brown, cobweb-like, evanescent.

Edgbaston Park. 17th Sept. 1791.

Var. 2. Pileus with black, brown, and chocolate stripes, pene-
trating through the skin.

At Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 3. Pileus sattiny, sometimes edged with white: stem

white above and below.

Gills rather fleshy, brown, 4 in a set, in the older plants rather
decurrent

Pileus brown, edge turned down, centre peaked, f to ■£ inch
diameter. Flesh brown.

Stem sattiny, crooked, 2 inches high, thick as a raven quill,
marked with the vestige of a curtain; irregularly hollow
with age.

Red rock plantation, Edgbaston. 7th Sept. 1793.

* 1 ' ’ V

Jiippopi'nus. Ag. Gills light brown: pileus dark brown, convex: stem

light brown.

Gills fixed, light brown.

3RYPT0GAM1A. FUNGI. Agancus. Solid and Fixed,

Brown.

Pile us dark brown, paler at the edge, nearly semi -globular,
scarcely j- of an inch diameter.

Stem solid, brown, f of an inch high, mostly crooked, thicknels

of a pin. ,

On the cones of the Scotch fir, in the Earl of Aylesfoid s I aik.

at Packington, Warwickshire. Autumn.

Ag. (Bull.) Gills olive brown, 2 or 4 in a set: pileus
striped, reddish brown and yellow, conical, bolscd:
stem yellowish white, cylindrical#

Bid/. 388 ; also 599.

Gills fixed, olive brown, 2 or 4 in a set.

Pile us conical, bofsed, striped red brown and yellow, by cracks
extending from the edge to the base of the hols; bolder
uneven, 2 inches over ; tearing with age. _

Stem solid, yellowish white, cylindrical, but thickened just un-
der the pileus, crooked, smooth, 2 to 2^ inches high, thick
as a goose or a swan quill.

A?\ rimosus. Bull. [Under trees at Pendarvis. Mr. Stackh.

Pastures, Edgbaston.] Early in Aug. to the end ot Sept.

203

rimoTsus.

Ag. (Batsch.) Gills dark cinnamon, not numerous, 4 or oridial'taitt
8 in a set : pileus gently convex, pale cinnamon, edge
rather turned down: stem whitish, nearly cylin-

drical.

Batsch 1 & q.-Bu!l. 5q6.i .

Gills fixed to the stem by a claw, very broad, dark cinnamon,
not very numerous, 4 in a set in the smaller, 8 in the laigci

specimens. # .

Pileus regularly and gently convex, light cinnamon, sometimes
darker in the centre, edge a little turned in, viscid in moist,
sattiny in dry weather; 1 to 3 inches over, hlesh white,
not thick. Curtain evanescent, leaving a stain on the stem.

Stem solid, whitish, with a few brown scales, often stained by
the fall of the seeds from the gills, which are ot a Spams 1
snuff colour, cylindrical, but rather thickest upwaids; 2 to
4 inches high, to \ inch diameter. Root a small bulb.^

A large quantity of seeds fall from the gills of this Agaric,
staining the fingers as well as the stem of a Spanish snuff colour.

Stem solid, but it has a central pith different in colour from the

surrounding flesh. . ,.r

Ag. orichalceus. Batsch. Ag. aimatochele. Bull, if the difscction
should a°rce. Plantations at Edgbaston, and at Barr. Sept.

o .

2°4

CR\ PIOGAMIA* IL'NGf. Agaricus, Solid and Fixed,

Bro

v;n.

lacticau'lis.

Ag. Gills brown, numerous, 2 or 4 in a set: pileus con-
vex, light brown buff, border whitish: stem white,
bending, splitting.

(One of the taller fig, in the fate of Bull . 102, if properly coloured,
•would give a tolerable idea of this plant in its fully expanded state.)

Oills fixed, brown, very numerous, 2 but mostly 4 in a set.
x ileus gently convex, nearly flat, when fully expanded, crack-
mg in the centre, brownish buff in the middle, paler and
almost white towards the edge, 2 to 2f inches over. Flesh
very thin, white.

Stem solid, white, cylindrical, tender, splitting, mostly crooked,
4 or 5 inches long, thick as a goose quill.

Juice of the stem dilutely milky, the milk not acrid. The
whole plant very tender.

Plantations, Edgbaston, amongst old leaves and deep orafs *
several together. nth Oct. 1790.— 25th Sept. 1 791!

Var. 2. Gills light reddish brown: pileus dark red brown,
centre deprefsed : stem short.

Gills fixed, lighter colour than the pileus, numerous, unequal.
Pileus deep red brown, smooth, circular, deprefsed in the center,
edge turned down, f inch over.

Stem solid, short, thick, the size of a reed. Juice milky, mild.

Specimen and description from Mr. Stackhouse.

obsole'tus. Ag. (Batsch.) Gills light reddish brown, 4 in a set :

pileus brown buff, whitish at the edge : stem vellow
white.

Batsch. 1 03-BuH. 5 76.1 .

Gills fixed, pale reddish brown, broad, 4 in a set.

PileOs convex, very irregular, sometimes peaked, brown buff,
more or lefs white at the edge, 1 to if inch over. Flesh
thin.

Stem solid, pithy, yellowish white, rarely straight, often eccen-
tric, 1 to if inch high, thick as a small goose quill. In
clusters, often united both at top and bottom, the pileus
seldom regular from this cause. The plant has a sweetish
hawthorn-like, but nauseous and fainty smell. In its very
young state the gills seem loose, but as the stem advances
in growth, part of the central flesh of the pileus seems to
elongate to form the upper part of the stem, and then they
are evidently fixed to the stem.

Slope of the Boat-house field, Edgbaston. 10th Sept. 1793,

1

GRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Vised*

Brown.

205

Ag. (Batsch.) Gills cool brown, numerous, 4 or 8 in a
set : pileus brown, gently convex, concave with age ;
sattiny when dry : stem brown.

Bull. 439, the lower figure:.

Gill£ fixed, cool brown, numerous, tender, 4 or 8 in a set.

Pil£ us cool brown, .convex, regular, sinking in the centre when
old, viscid when moist, sattiny when dry, 2 to 3 inches
over. Flesh spongy, white.

Stem solid, cool brown ; 1 j inch high, thick as a raven quill.

Mr. Bulliard has figured several varieties in the plate referred

to above, but I think the upper figures ought to rank under the

Ag. violaceus, notwithstanding the want of a curtain.

Plantations, Edgbaston. 13th Sept.

Ag. Gills reddish brown: pileus brown, purplish at the subpurpu-
edge : stem violet coloured, scurfy, bulbous at the ras'cens*
base.

Batsch. 74.

, Gills fixed, reddish brown, numerous, 4 or 8 in a set, the sur-
face when abraded assuming a purplish tinge.

Pileus brown, of a faint leaden purple towards the edge, convex;

2\ inches over. Flesh white, changing to purple when
exposed to the air.

Stem solid, of a leaden purple, more or lefs streaked with brown,

2tt inches high, 3-8ths diameter, swelling at the base into
an oblong bulb. Curtain fugacious ; leaving a stain on the
stem.

Ag. obsolelus. Batsch. Ag. gnaphaccphalus. Bull. Pastures, Edg-
baston. Sept. — Oct.

■

Ag. Gills cool brown, numerous, 4 or 8 in a set; pileus uni'color.
broWn, gently convex, concave with age, sattiny
when dry: stem brown.

Gills fixed, cool brown, numerous, tender, 4 or 8 in a set.

Pileus cool brown, gently convex, regular, sinking in the centre
when old; sattiny when dry, 2 to 3 inches over. Flesh
spongy, white.

Stem solid, cool brown, cylindrical, 1^ inch high, thick as a
raven’s quill.

Solitary and in clusters.

Plantations, Edgbaston.

r 3th Sept.

206

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed*

PURPLSIH.

(3) Gills purplish*

glauco'pus. Ag. (Sch^ff.) Gills brown, changing with age to a pinky

or lilac tinge, 4 to 8 in a set: pileus chesnut, semi-
globular, rather tlatted at top, edge rolled in: stem
thick, white or pinky: curtain cobweb-like.

Bull. 96; the habit ex cellent-Sch^ff. 5$*

Gills fixed, brown ; when old changing to a pinky or a lilac
colour, small for the size of the plant, 4 in a set in tne
younger, 8 in the older specimens.

Pileus uniform, pale chesnut, covered with a very glutinous var-
nish; semi-globular, but a little flatted at the top, and the
edge considerably turned in; 4 inches over. Flesh white,
with a pinky tinge.

Stem solid, whitish, with a pinky or lilac tinge, 2 inches long, 1
inch diameter. Root very large, bulbous.

Curtain like a fine cobweb, whose threads extend from the
stem to the edge of the pileus.

Ray syn . p. 3. n. 13, has been referred to for this plant, and
also for the Ag. violaceus of Linn, but though the general descrip-
tion perfectly accords with this species, yet the white gills, which
are repeatedly mentioned, satisfy me that it is a plant different fiom
this as well as from the violaceus, which it in no respect resembles,
except merely in the colour of the stem. Major Velley justly
remarks, that this plant of Dillenius agrees with 2398 of Haller,
Who refers to Schxff. 38 ; a plant not now known to exist in
England, but probably it will not much longer escape the ob-
servation of our botanists.

Ag. bulbosus , fl. Angl. is I believe the plant before me. Mr.
Hudson has been censured for making this a species different
from the violaceus of Linn, but I am satisfied that he has done
right, and that his character is sufficient to discriminate them. He
does not say, “lamellis cecrulcis ,” but“ c£rulescentibusy" by which
I imagine that he means they attain this colour in the progrefs ;
of growth only, and are not originally so. His “ stipes brevis ,”
is very exprefsive, and his character of the pileus is pretty exact.
Had he referred to Schteff. 53, instead of 34, which is the viola-
ceus, his readers would have understood him better, and his
reference to Ray has only served to mciease the misundei stand-
ing. This is one of the Agarics which, as well as some o f the
Boleti, are much disposed when in pickle, to run into the vinous

fermentation. .

Ag. glauccpts. Schxff. Ag . araneosus. Bull. Plantations, Log--

baston; rare. 5th Sept..

CRT PTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed* xc

Purplish.

_ /

Var. 2. Gills brown green: stem greenish white.

Schcejf. 42.

Ag* vanus. Schxff. In Packington Park, Warwickshire.

t

Ag. (Linn.) Gills purple, numerous, 8 in a set : pileus viola'ceus.
purple to brown, convex, edge turned down: stem
purple, cylindrical.

Ag. stipitatus, pilei margine violaceo tomentoso, stipite cxru-
lescente lana ferruginea. Fl. suec. 1226.

Sch<eff.$.Jig. 1.5.6, monstrous but not uncommon varieties -Bull,

250. and 598. 2 -Bolt. 52, tints very deep-Schteff. 56, monstrous

varieties-Mich.'j 4.1 .Buxb.^.22, not at all character! stic-Buxb.

4- 1 1 *a monster, but the description agrees-(Buxb. 4. 9, certainly

not our plant; Batsch. 22, very unlike it.)

t G 1 l l s fixed; from pale lilac to deep violet; numerous, 8 in a set;
long gills sometimes cloven, and a few of them rather de-
current.

Pileus purple, or reddish brown, or purple only at the ed^e,
soft, smooth, firm, convex, but centrally deprefsed with age!

> and cracking at the edge, which is always rather turned
down ; from inch to 5 inches over.

Stem solid, cylindrical, purple, bulbous at the base, from 1 to 4
inches high, and from \ to 1 inch diameter. Curtain like a
cobweb, its fragments sometimes left hanging to the edee
of the pileus. 0 b

This species differs very much in size, as well as in its tints.

In an advanced state the pileus loses its lilac colour and afsumes a
rufset hue, yet the gills continue with little or no change of co-
lour. Here 1 must remark, that a more permanent criterion, as
to colour, may be looked for in the gills, than in any other part
of the Agarics in general. Major Velley.

Pileus large, circular, slightly convex, colour various, from
the deepest purple to a rusty brown. Gills of a beautiful pale
purple, unequal lengths. Stem short, thick, solid, swelling at the
base. Bulliard remarks a circumstance which I have observed,
that in maturity it emits a plentiful powder of the colour of/

Spanish snuff. Mr. Stackhouse.

Ag. violaceus and amethyst inus. Schaeff. Ag. araneosus violaceus .

Bull. Ag. violaceus. Bolt. Edgbaston and Barr plantations, not
uncommon. Oct. — Dec. Woods near Bath. Major Velley.

— Powick near Worcester. Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 2. nudus. \\ ithout a curtain : gills very irregular.

Bolt.i ^-Bull.^q.A-Schtfff.^.

Guls violet coloured, irregular indisposition, 2,3, or a in a set,

turning brown with age.

\

J

2C8

cya'neus.

CRYPTOGAM! A. FUNGI. Agaric us. Solid and Fixed*

Purplish.

Pileus pale brown with more or lefs of a violet tinge, smooth,
convex and bofsed, when fully expanded concave, -k to 2 or

3 inches diameter. _ ...

Stem solid, pale brown with a violet tinge, scored, cylindrical
upwards, but thickening into a buib at the base, i£ to 2-£
irtches high, and £ to \ inch diameter.

This plant varies very much in £>ize, and the violet tints are

very evanescent.

Ag. hulbosus. Huds. Ray syn. p. 3* n*1d* c£uucs>-e'iU'
Schacff. A?, nudus. Bull. Barr, StafFordshiie. Edgbaston, pa —

tures. ... °ct*

It is often found with us in similar situations with the pie-

ceding; nor can 1 consider with Mr. Bulliard that the absence
of the curtain ought alone to constitute a different species.

Ag. (Bull) Gills brown lilac, numerous, 8 in a set: pileus
bluish green, gently couvex, edge a little turned
down : stem bluish green, scored, crooked: curtain

white.

Bull. 170. and g^o-Bolt.^o.

Gills fixed, brown lilac, white within, generally 8 in a set, but
in some large specimens the 2 longer senes of gills divide
towards the edge of the pileus, and then the small gills are

not to be found. ,

Pileus conical when young, at full growth nearly fiat, but a little
turned down at the edge : cracking in the centre with age ;
bluish green, viscid, 2 to 3 inches over. Flesh white.
Stem solid, bluish green, whitish with scurf when young, crook
ed, scored, 2 to 3 inches high, £ to £ inch diameter. Root
bulbous. Curtain white, cottony.

It is remarkable that when the green viscid mucilage isscrapec
off the pileus, or wears off in its more advanced age, the tea
colour appears, which is nearly that of copper. Also that the
gills are white when their coverot purple paint is removed. Tm
whole skin of the pileus easily strips off and shews the white nest

underneath. . „ , .

4a-. cyaneus. Bull. Ag.fohtus* Bolt. Rookery, in Edgbastoi

Farkf ' 0ct* NoV

tm-'tilic * Ag. Gills brown, changing to purplish flesh-colour, few

4 in a set: pileus red brown, convex, turning U{
with age ; stem brownish or dusky flesh-colour.

Bolt. 41. A.

Giu-t fixed, brown sometimes with a purplish cast.

1

RYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed . 209

Buff.

# * •

’ileus dark reddish brown, convex, turned up with age, the
edge crumpled and distorted in various modes, 2-8ths to
3*8ths of an inch over.

tem solid, brownish, £ of an inch high, thinner than a swallow’s
quill.

Ag, tortilis . Bolt. Rich garden mould, about the roots of uni'
irageous plants.

(4) Gills buff.

^g. Gills reddish buff: pileus pale yellow, bofsed : stem flaVidii*.
pale yellow.

Schaf. 35/

r i l ls fixed, deep buff, numerous, 4 in a set.
ileus pale yellow, bluntly conical, bofsed, full 2 inches over.
tem solid, pale yellow, dark brownish at bottom, 2 inches high,
thick as a swan’s quill. Flesh yellowish.

In the Earl of Aylesford’s park at Packington.

Var. 2. Gills brown buff, pileus light buff: stem white, flesh
»dnte.

Pofsibly distinct. Gills broad, crumpled, waved at the edge.

'ileus very convex, 4 inches over, edge turned in* Stem 4 or g
rches high, near \ inch diameter, bulbous at the base. Flesh
erv thick, whitish.

In Packington Park.

\

ig. Gills tawny, irregular: pileus bright tawny, glofsy : ru'ftw.
stem red brown.

till. 526; the upper figures, hut the pileus darker than in our specimens .

ULLS fixed, fox-coloured, not numerous, 2, 3 or 4 in a set, but
mostly 4.

ileus bright fox-colour,- very glofsy and sattiny, bofsed, the
edge turned in ; 1 to 2 •§• inches diameter. Flesh yellowish.
tem solid, dead reddish brown, darkening and becoming irre-
gularly hollow with age; generally crooked, 2 to 3 inches
high, thick as a swan’s quill.

Ag, szriceus . Bull, but that name had been given before by
:hxffer.and Batsch to another plant. Plantations at Edgbaston,

1 clusters. Sept.

lg. Gills buff, very numerous, 4 or 8 in a set: pileus calycifoPmis.
brown buff, entirely inverted: stem pale brownish
buff.

Vol. IV.— *0

210

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

♦

Buff.

r'

ii'litus.

ru-'ber

Bauch, r 1 8, (represents cur plant, but the Gills in curs are not split r
nor have they the least degree of decurrence.)

Gills fixed, buff, changing to snuff-coloured: brown ; very nume-
rous, 4 or 8 in a set.

Pileus brownish buff, deepest in the center,, broad, thin t soon
turning entirely up, i to 2 inches over.

Stem solid, but becoming hollow with age, pale brownish buff, z
inches high ; thick as a raven’s quill.

The whole pileus soon turns up so that the plant appears like
a rummer glafs. It is rare to detect it with the pileus otherwise
than as turned up, so that its convex or flat state is probably of.
short continuance.

Plantations in Edgbaston Park. 5th Nov. 179c.

Ag. Gills buff, narrow, few, 4 in a set: pileus nearly flat,
leathery, livid tawny : stem buff, rather thick.

Gills fixed, light buff, 4 in a set, but irregular, very narrow,
very thinly set, curling up in drying, and adhering so close-
ly to the under surface of the pileus,- by means of a gelati-
nous matter with which the plant abounds,- that each gill'-
afsumes the appearance of a hollow tube,.

Pileus tawny, inclining to a leaden hue, smooth, of a thick lea-
thery texture, but not fleshy, 1-5 inch diameter.

Stem solid, light buff, thick for the size of the plant. Major
Velle Y.

In a pine grove by the sham castle on Claverton Down, near
Bath, but rare. Major Velley. InPackington Park, Warvvicksh.

, i

\

Ag, Gills buff, 4 in a set: pileus orange red, flat, border
turned down : stem reddish,, cylindrical : juice milky,
mild.

Gills fixed, pale buff, numerous, 4 in a set.

Pileus full brick red, to chesnut, flat; but the center depiefsed,
and the edge turned dowir; 1 to 2 inches over.

Stem solid, red, cylindrical, strong, 2 inches high, 3-oths diame-
ter.

Specimen, drawing, and description, from Mr. Stackhouse*
who found it in woods near Bath ; Comb Green. Oct. 1708.

* Var. 2. Stem much paler than the pileus: juice yellow.

Bolt.g-Bull. 5G7.2.

Ag. the log ale. Bull, Woods about Halifax. Oct. Mr. Bolto-st

1 - • •

. *

C--.Y ' . ; "

2 J I

CRYPTOGAMIA.

FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed .

Yellow*

(5) Gills yellow. . ,

Ag. Gj.l!s brown yellow : pileus pale yellow, center dark-
er : stem yellow brown.

Gills fixed, brown yellow, 4 in a set.

Pileus yellow, convex, rather bofsed; center darker, 1 to if inch
over.

Stem solid, yellow upwards, browner and darker below, 2 inches
high; thick as a goose quill.

Grows in clusters, in Lord Aylesford’s Park, Packington.

Autumn.

* Var. 2. Gills pale yellow : pileus pale yellow, centre tawny :
5tem dirty buff.

Bolt. 148 -(Mich, 79. 4, is a very different plant; and Slerb. 25,
more like Ag. fascicular is. )

Varies much in size. It is a rare species.

Gills fixed, arched, narrow, pale yellow, 4 in a set.
iPileus convex, thin, \ to 2 inches over. Curtain pale yellow,
fugacious.

Stem solid, readily splitting, 3 inches high, inch diameter;
several from one root, which is long, taper, fibrous. Bolton.

Ag. ramoso-radicatus. BoLt. 148. Plantations, Fixby Hall,
find near Darlington.

Ag. Gills yellow, 4 in a set *. pileus and stem golden brown.

Ag stipitatus, pilco convexo viscido pellucido, lamellisque
.uteis, stipite nudo.

Vaill.par.xi.i 6.17.1 8 ‘-Sc buff. 2 30.

8 ills fixed, pale yellow, 2, 4 or 6 in a set ; long ones 16 or 1.8.
Pileus rich brown yellow, convex, at first pointed then dimpled
in the centre, sides sometimes scored, 2 to 3-8ths of an inch
over.

Stem solid, pale or rich brown yellow, paler upwards, tender,
watery, viscid ; 1^ inch high, not thicker than a large pin.
Vaill. Sc-HiEFF. Stem tail in proportion, generally curv-
ed, smooth. Pileus thin, without flesh, thence transparent;
and from the gills being visible through it, striated. Gills
narrowing at each end. Mr. W oodward.

Ag. fragilis, Schseff. Ray syn. p. 8. n. 38. Woods and hedges
amongst mofs and fallen leaves. [Pine Grove at Kirby, Norfolk,
>n mofs. Mr. W oodward. — Pool dam, Edgba^ton.] Aug. — Oct.

O2

conna'tus*

fra'gilis.

210

%

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed*

9

Buff.

Bauch. 1 1 8, (represents our plant, but the Gills in ours are not split 7
nor have they the least degree of decurrence.)

Gills fixed, buff, changing to snuff-coloured brown ; very nume-
rous, 4 or 8 in a set.

Pileus brownish buff, deepest in the center,, broad, thin, soon
turning entirely up, i to 2 inches over.

Stem solid, but becoming hollow with age, pale brownish buff, z
inches high ; thick as a raven’s quill.

The whole pileus soon turns up so that the plant appears like
a rummer glafs. It is rare to detect it with the pileus otherwise
than as turned up, so that its convex or flat state is probably of.
short continuance.

Plantations in Edgbaston Park. 5^* Nov. 179c.

il'litus. Ag. Gills buff, narrow, few, 4 in a set: pileus nearly flat*

leathery, livid tawny : stem buff, rather thick.

Gills fixed, light buff, 4 in a set, but irregular, very narrow,
very thinly set, curling Up in drying, and adhering so close-
ly to the under surface of the pileus,. by means of a gelati-
nous matter with which the plant abounds,- that each gill!
afsumes the appearance of a hollow tube..

Pileus tawny, inclining to a leaden hue, smooth, ofa thick lea-
thery texture, but not fleshy, i-§ inch diameter.

Stem solid, light buff, thick for the size of the plant. Major
Velley. .

In a pine grove by the $h? ’ 1 Down, near

Bath, but rare. Major Velle

t

f

rn'ber. Ag, Gills buff, 4 in a ?

turned down : ste

GRYPTOGAMIA*

FUNGI. Agaric us. Solid a f'ui Fixed

Yellow.

(5) Gills yellow.

Ag. Gil I s brown yellow: pileus pale yellow, center dark-
er : stem yellow brown.

dr ills fixed, brown yellow, 4 in a set.

;)ileus yellow, convex, rather bofsed; center darker, 1 to if inch
over.

Item solid, yellow upwards, browner and darker below, 2 inches
high; thick as a goose quill.

Grows in clusters, in Lord Aylesford’s Park, Packington.

Autumn.

* Var. 2. Gills pale yellow : pileus pale yellow, centre tawny ;

'item dirty bulb.

Bolt . 148 ^-(Mich. 79. 4, is a very different plant; and Sterb. 25,
more like Ag. fascicidaris*)

Varies much in size. It is a rare species*

31-ills fixed, arched, narrow, pale yellow, 4 in a set*

Pileus convex, thin, f to 2 inches over. Curtain pale yellow,
fugacious*

Stem solid, readily splitting, 3 inches high, £ inch diameter ;
several from one root, which is long, taper, fibrous. Bo l to n.

Ag. ramoso-radicatus. Bolt. 148. Plantations, Fixby Hall,

nd near Darlington.

Hi iniSXsi.

212

squamo'sus.

aufreus.

perona'tus

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

Yellow.

* Ag. (Sghjeff.) Gills yellowish, toothed, 4 in a set:

* pile us brown yellow, convex but irregular, ragged
with scales : stem brown yellow, scaly.

Scha-’ff. 29 and 3.0.

Gills fixed, whitish yellow, toothed or’ notched at the edge.
Pileus brown or greyish yellow, scaly, convex but very iiregu-
lar in shape, sometimes hollow in the centre, 3 inches o\er.
Stem solid, brown yellow, scaly, irregular in shape, if to 3
inches high, finch or more in diameter. Schaffer. ^ I ne
hard scaly texture of the pileus and stem, together with the
indented gills, well characterised in Schaeffer’s figures.

Major Velley, .

A?, squamosus. Schasff. Huds. 614. 17. Old trees in. Ditch-
ingham. Relhan. FI. Cantab.— On decayed trees, particularly
on old willows. Aug. Nov.

* Ag. Gills pale or dirty yellow, nearlywhite atthe edge‘s

pileus rich brown, goldemyellow and waved at the
edge when fully grown : stem pale greenish yellow.

S 0 verby 8-S cbvjf. 4 1 .

Gills fixed, . 4 in a set.

Pileus brown, darker with age and becoming yellow at the edge;

convex, but when old, inverted, 2 to 4 inches over.

Stem solid, cylindrical, but rathei thickest in the middle , near
3 inches high, f inch diameter.

Mr. Sowerby informs us that the plant is enveloped in a veil
of gluten when young.

Ag. limacinus. Sowerby; not of Schnsffer. Found by Mr..
Sowerbv abundantly in fir plantations at Cofsey, near Norwich.-

October..

* Ag. (Bolt.) Gills pale watery straw colour, 4 in a set::

pileus brown, hemispherical, semi -pellucid: stem,,,
its lower half cloathed with yellow wool.

Sever by s'] -Bo It. 58.

Gills fixed, few, thin, narrow, pellucid, 4 in a set.

Pileus like a mixture of brown and white wool, thin, without

flesh. .

Stem solid, firm, tough, pale straw colour, upper part cylindrical,
smooth, lower half surrounded with a cottony or woolly
substance of a bright yellow colour; 3 inches high, thick as
a raven quill. Boltqx.

>

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed. 2

Y ELLOW.

Ag. peronatus. Bolt. A rare species. In the deep and moist
parts of woods near Halifax. Bolt. — [In the Abbey Wood, at
Flixton, Suffolk, and Earsham wood, Norfolk. Mr. Woodw.J

* Var. 2. Gills pale brownish yellow; pileus and stem pale
yellow.

Schtfff. 77.

jills numerous, narrow.

’ileus whitish, Bat, thin, edge turned down, 1 or if inch over.

Item solid, cylindrical, whitish yellow, near 2 inches high,
thick as a raven’s quill. Smells like hawthorn. Descrip-
tion and drawing from Mr. Stackhouse.

Ag. caryophyllieus . Schxff. Woods near Bath.

*Var. 3. Gills pal, e whitish yellow: pileus yellowish white,
at: stem tapering upwards, rust-coloured and woolly below.

Bull , 1 58 and 524.1.

iiLLs unequal.

ileus flat, 1 inch oyer, often-dcprefsed in the middle and waved
at the edge.

jem solid, 3 or 4 inches high, thick as a duck’s quill, and
covered with rust coloured wool below, tapering and thinner
upwards. It has a strong smell of garlic. Mr. Stack h.

Woods near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse. — Bagley Wood, Ox-
>rdshire, the Hon. Mr. Wenman.

Ag. (Sch;eff.) Qills pale brownish yellow, few, fleshy, oedemato-
in pairs: pileus reddish brown, conical, edge turned pllSt
in: stem dirty brown, thickest in the middle.

Bolt. ^-Schxff. 259; colours richer. -(Not Bull. 76; nor Batsch •

1 5- FI. dan. 833. if is Ag. aurantius.

ills fixed, pale yellow, narrow, brittle, crumpled.

:leus dusky reddish brown, conical, edge turned in, crumpled,
waved, splitting, 2 inches from the edge to the top of the
cone. Flesh thick, dry, white.

tem solid» brown grey, hard, dry, brittle, thickest in the middle,

5 or 6 inches high, and 1 inch or more in diameter in the
thickest part. Bolton.

Ag. oedematopus . Schaeff. Ag. rigidus . Bolt. Plantations and
ood grounds about Fixby Hall.

July, August.

G. Gills yellow, very irregular: pileus rich orauge : rheoi'des*
stem yellow#

O 3

214

xerampeli'
n as.

*

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

Y ELLOW.

Gills fixed, yellow, numerous, very short, 2 or 4 in a set, but

verv irregular. . , .

Pile us orange, convex, scurfy or scaly, sloping ; edge very muc 1

turned in, 4 inches over. Flesh yellow. .

Stem solid, yellow, fibrous, often crooked and tapering at the
bottom, comprefsed, hunched, and variously distoued, 22

inches high, 1 1 diameter. . . .

Curtain yellow, tough, permanent. Growing m clu^ei ,,
which many'of the plants are much smaller, and the heads nca.i v
]y globular, but 3 or 4 attain the sizes mentioned above. 1 U
whole plant both within and without is nearly the colour of

RhOnthc stumps of old Hawthorns, and rotten Alders, Edgbas-

ton Park, and in the road from Birches Green to Curd worth.

Sept. — Uct. 93.

Ag. (Sch.sff.) Gills golden yellow, 4 in a set: pileus
fine lake red, to rich orange buff, convex, bolsed .
stem buff and rose, tapering upwards.

Sowrby y-Schaff. H7-Battar. 4. C. just hoh forth from us
wrapper. -Mich. 7 7 . 1 —Clus.hist.2y 2.273.

Gulls fixed, bright golden yellow, just under the : edge of the
pileus nearly orange, very regularly disposed 4 in a set,
none of them branched; fleshy, brittle, serrated at the edge

with a paler cottony matter. .

Pileus fine lake red, changing with age to a rich orange anc.
buff, and everv intermediate shade of these colours whiev
render it strikingly beautiful; convex, centre bofsed, edge
turned down, 3 to 4 inches diameter, clothv to the touch

Flesh pale buff. , „ . ,

Stem solid, nearly cylindrical, but gradually tapering upwards
rich buff, shaded with fine rose red ; 3 to 5 inches high, ;
inch diameter. Flesh pale, buffy, spongy, elastic. _

The most splendid of all the Agarics. It is common m Italy
and is brought to the markets for sale. The ancient Roman
esteemed it one of the greatest luxuries of the table I hav
inn been made the vehicle tor poison to C audios Caesar, by
wife Agrippina, it has been celebrated by the saline pen ot Juve
nal, and the epigrammatic muse of Martial. See Schott ei , p. t
chiefly taken fromClus. hist. 273, where the reader will find sev
ral other curious circumstances respecting it. But i am preu
well satisfied that these authors have mistaken the species, an
that the above accounts ought to be transferred to the Ag. de.ictc
.us, which is still as highly esteemed in modern Italy as it w.
in ancient Rome. The Ag. xerampelinus is eatable, but it has
rtcong heavy earthy taste, and is not at all agreeaolc.

9

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agtmcus. Solid and Fixed.

Y ELLOW.

This plant must he very rare in this country, as it is unnoticed
by any of our botanists.. It was first found by my daughter in the
Red Rock plantations at Edgbaston, several growing together of
different ages and sizes, in a dry soil, where either a larch or a
fir tree had been cut down 4 years before. A few days afterwards
we found it again in company with Mr. Stackhouse, but none of
our specimens were found with either curtain or ring. The spe-
cimens first gathered afforded a milky juice in greater abundance
than I had ever seen in any other species, but these the next day
shewed no signs of milk, neither were those gathered a few days
afterwards on the same spot, at all lactescent. This first taught
me that that circumstance could not be relied on as a specific dis-
tinction. It is described and figured by Clusius as being involved
in a wrapper or volva, when young and about the size and shape
of an egg. The curtain, and its remains on the stem in form of
a broad permanent ring, are also noticed by the authors referred
1 to above, so that notwithstanding the defect of these parts in our
specimens, there can be no doubt of their existence in others.

Ag. c t£ s areas. Schaffer, and Bot. arr. ed. ii. Red Rock plan-
tations, Edgbaston. 6th July, 1791; and in Sept. 1793. Fir
plantations Tettcnhall, Staffordshire, amongst mofs. July, 1792.

* Var. 2. Pileus rich dark reddish brown; stem browm red.
Mr. Stackhouse.

* Var. 3. Pileus and stem golden brown. Mr. Stackhouse.

*Var. 4. Pileus rich red purple: stem dusky gold colour.

Bolt, 1 4.

* Var. 5. Pileus rich red brown, stem pinky.

Schecjf.2 14.215, a proliferous variation -Scha'jf. 2 19,^^254, art
other varieties of this species , but I have no evidence that they
have yet been found in this island.

Gills fixed, not crowded, strong, fleshy, brittle, serrated on the
edge with a brownish colour.

Pileus globular, bloomy purple, clothv to the touch, 3 inches
diameter. Flesh thick, brittle, white.

Stem solid, but spongy, 3 inches long, 1 inch diameter, dusky
gold colour, brittle, pale yellow within. Bolton.

Var. 6. Gills pale buff: pileus peach bloom colour, convex
when young, dimpled when full grown: stem pale yellow with a
pinky tinge.

Gills fixed, numerous, pale buff, 8 in a set. ^

Pileus regularly convex, paler and turned down at the edge,
from 2f to 5 inches over, hollowed a little when old.

Flesh white. Curtain yellow ish white, tough, leaving a per-
manent broad ring on the stem.

2 1 6 CRYPTOGAMIA, FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Fixed.

Grey.

Stem solid, but pithy, yellowish white or pinky, cylindrical, 3
to 5 inches high, ■§• inch or more in diameter.

On the stump of a hr or a larch, in the red rock plantation,
Edgbaston ; in clusters. . 25th Sept. 1 793.

Maggots very soon excavate the pithy central part of the stem,
forming an irregular hollow.

The above are the most remarkable varieties of this very beau-
tiful and splendid Agaric. Mr. W oodward has noticed that when
discharging their seeds the edges of the gills have rather a fringed
than a serrated appearance, Mr. Stackhouse always found the
gills of a bright gold colour. Pileus of various tints, from red-
dish purple to rich brownish yellow ; flat, often deprefscd in the
centre, edge turned down ; clothy. Stem thick, large, clothy to
the feel, purple. Often found in clusters. This gentleman dis-
covered and sent me three beautiful drawings of the plant prior
to its appearance in any English publication. Pileus from 2 to 5
inches over, deep saffron colour, blended with purple tints, but often
of a red brown and purplish. Gills constantly yellow, rather broad
and full. Stem thick, from 1 to 4 inches long. Major Velley.

Ag. xerampelinus. Schieff. [Fir plantations near Bath; fir
woods at Clowance, Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse. — Major
Velley. — Pine grove, Ditchingham, Mr, Woodward.] Aug.

olivTceus. * Ag. Gills yellow : pileus olive green, dotted, convex ;

stem pale rose colour.

Schaff. 204.

Gills fixed, golden yellow, in pairs, fleshy, long one sometimes
splitting.

Pileus olive green, dotted, convex, 3 to 4 inches over, edge
turned up when old.

Stem solid, pale rose red, cylindrical, 2 inches high, % inch
diameter. Flesh white. Schaffer.

Ag. olivaceus. Schxff. Found by Dr. Sibthorpe in Shotover
plantations, Oxfordshire. Get,

Pofsibly another variety of the Ag. xerampelinus.

(6) Gills grey.

r>

littore'us. Ag. Gills reddish grey : pileus yellow brown : stem white.

Gills fixed, reddish grey, fleshy, 4 in a set.

Pileus yellow brown, convex, edge rather turned in, iF inch
over.

Stem solid, white, 1 inch long, thick as a goose quill. Rt ng re-
manent.

O

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loose ,

White.

m

On the green swerd adjoining to the sea shore at Teignmouth.

6th Oct. 179?.

Ag. Gills light grey brown, broad: pileus very dark semiluna
brown, convex, the edge turned downwards and in-
wards: stem black.

Gills fixed, light grey brown, 4 in a set, broad, crumpled.

Pileus dark blackish brown, convex, but the edges arched in-
wards so that a section presents the shape of a crescent,
near -§• an inch in diameter.

Steivi solid ? (but the drawing which I have seen of the plant not
quite decisive on that point,) black, very light grey within,

1 to if inch high, thinner than a swallow’s quill.

Jnthe Earl of Aylesford’s Park, at Packington, Warwicksh.

Autumn,

III. SOLID and LOOSE.

(1) Gills white#

Ag. (Sch^eff.) Gills white, irregular : pileus convex, bulbo'sus
white: stem cylindrical, white#

Bull. 3 6 q-Schtfff. 2 4 1 - Bolt. 48 -Baitar. 6 . A.

Gills loose, white, or watery white, very numerous, irregular,
but mostly in pairs, the short ones very unequal in length,
and sometimes not present.

Pileus white, at first nearly semiglobular, cracking acrofs as it
expands further; sometimes fringed at the edge with the
remains of the curtain ; smooth, 4 or 5 inches over. Flesh
white, spongy, very thick.

Stem solid, irregularly hollow with age, white, cylindrical,
smooth, rarely quite straight, 4 inches high, f inch or more
in diameter. Ring permanent, broad, white.

This is one of those Agarics which pofsefses all the parts be-
longing to the Genus, and being on a large scale, is well fitted
for instructing the learner to understand them. In its embryo
state it is inclosed in a wrapper, and is equal in size to a large
pullet’s egg. If this be cut through vertically, the section brings
to view the gills, the pileus, the stem as yet imperfectly formed,
and the curtain extending from the stem to the edge of the pileus,
the remnants of which in a more advanced state of growth, are
sometimes observable fringing the edge of the'pileus, and always
forming a broad ring round the upper part of the stem. A good
drawing of it in its egg-state may be seen in Bulliard, pi, 364. A,

— Also see our plate 19.

<

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loon,

4 ' ,

White.

It is subject to several other trifling variations :
j . — Centre bofsed, surface very viscid, changing to pale ash-co-
lour. This happens piiacipally in the autumn.

-2. Proliferous ; another smaller one of the same growing on the

pileus of a larger plant. This I have seen happen when
growing in the rank soil of a hotbed in the middle oi sum-
mer.

Ag. bulbosus. SchacfF. Ag. ovoides alius . Bull. Ag . v emails. Bolt.
It may be found from spring to the end of autumn in rich soil.
Not unfrequent in gardens, particularly on the sides and the base
of hotbeds. I have seen it on a mushroom bed with the Ag.^
campestris. There are still other varieties figured in plate 577
Bulliard’s Agarics, and also in plate 597.

* Var. 2. Pileus dusky mouse, set with warts of rather a paler
colour.

*1 ■* ' 4 \ . /

Bull, 5 93, also the plate without a number , named Ag. solitarius-
Bolt./gj.

Gills 4 in a set, but irregular. Stem 4 or 5 inches high ; the
curtain remaning on it. Bolt.

Ag. 'verrucosus. Bolt, but none of his synonyms.

In woods about the roots of trees, but rare. In the Shroggs
opposite Birks Hall. Bolt.

* Var. o. Pileus scarlet, with white blotches, the fragments of
ihe inner wrapper.

Bolt. 46.

Gills loose, 4 in a set. Pilots convex, smooth. Flesh thick,
white, brittle. Stem firm, solid, brittle, cylindrical, white. Curtain
white, forming a permanent ling. Bolton.

Ag. nobilis. Bolt. In a plantation at Mill’s Bridge, near Hud-
dersfield.

Var. 4. Pileus scurfy : stem hardly 2 inches high.

In pastures. Autumn.

*

coufedtus. Ag. (Bolt.) Gills brownish white, thin, uniform : pileus

white, conical, cottony : stem white, tapering up-
wards.

Bolt. 1 8- (Not Bull. Ag. digital formis, for that has a hollow stem.)

Gills loose, uniform, numerous, thin and delicate, white, with a
faint tinge of pale brown.

Pileus conical, pointed, white, yellowish brown at the apex,
smooth, light, cottony ; withers in decay, from -k to 1 inch
-in diameter at bottom, and as much in height.

1

2I9

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loose.

White.

i

Stem solid, white, gently tapering upwards, 3 inches high, thick
as a swallow’s quill. Curtain white, very evanescent.

Bolton. #

A?, confertus. Bolt. Amongst bark in hot houses. Nov. s j 5*

Ag. Gills white : pilous white, convex or widely conical, crcta'ceus.
tutted: stem white, club-shaped downwaids.

Sowerby 2, right hand and lower figure s-Bull.og] 4.

Gills loose and distant from the stem, white, 4 in a set. .
Pileus chalky white, tufted with cottony hail s, 3 to 4 inches

Stem white, pithy, club-shaped, 3 to 4 inches high, \ inch dia-
meter upwards, near \ inch below. Ring permanent.

A<r. cepccstipes. Sowerbv, see Ag. luteus ; but it seems much
' more^closely allied to the Ag. confertus of Bolton, and 1 think
they will prove to be the same species.

On the bark beds of hot houses.

* Ag. (Bolt.) Gills white, numerous, 4 in a set: pileus al'bus#
white, bluntly conical, brown at the top : stem white,
t ape r in g m p w ard s .

Bolt . 1 53 -(Scheejf. 256, is a variety with gills in pairs and pileus
Jlat at the top. )

Gills loose, thin, pliable. , c

Pileus smooth like vellum, milk white, i£ inch to the apex or
the cone. Flesh white, thin.

Stem solid, pure white within and without, largest at the bottom,
decreasing gradually upwards, splits into fibres ; 5 inches
high, * inch diameter at the bottom, j- at the top. Bolton.

Ag. albus . Schseff. and Bolt. Sheep croft at Stannary near

Halifax, and elsewhere in sheep pastures. Aug.

* Var. 2. Gills few: pileus wholly white.

Bull.25G-B0li.155.

Gills loose, white, soft, few, 4 in a set. . y . .

Pileus convex, or rather bluntly conical, white, thin, i to 1 inch

Stem solid, white, thick as a crow quill, but much thicker down-
wards where it is sometimes tinged with red ; 1 £ to 2\ inches
high. Bolton.

Ag. alumnus. Bolt. Ag. tuberosus. Bull. On old plants or Ag,

integer and other species of Fungi, but rare.

I

220 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and. Loose,

White.

splen'dens. Ag. Gills pure 'white, numerous, 2 or 4 in a set: pileus

like tarnished copper, glofsy, bluntly conical ; stem
brownish white, tapering upwards.

Gills loose, very white, very numerous, thin, and tender, throw,
ing out an abundance of dust-coloured seeds from the edges,
and then changing to a pinky white.

File us colour of tarnished copper, with a metallic lustre, beau-
tifully glofsy, scarcely viscid, apparently streaked, or
fibrous like smoothly combed hair, smooth to the touch,
bluntly conical, edge parallel to the stem, from 3 to 7
inches over. Flesh very white, tender and spongy, crack-
ing when fully expanded.

Stem solid, white, with longitudinal pale brown rising lines,
regularly tapering upwards, 4 to 6 inches high, near an
inch diameter at bottom and half as much at top. Flesh
tender, juicy, spongy.

This must be a very rare species, as its size and the metallic
splendour of its pileus cannot fail to attract the eye, and yet there
does not appear to be any figure of it.

On a rotten aider stump by the side of the pool in Edgbaston
Park. Also close to the bottom of an oak stump, at a distance
from water. 26th July, 1792.

I • * ' * * - * ^

0

radica'tus. *Ag. (Relii.) Gills while, few, 4 in a set : pileus brown-
ish, bluntly conical : stein brown, tapering upwards;
root very long.

Bull. 2 32 and 515.

1

Gills loose, white, few, distant, 4 in a set.

Pileus brownish or dirty white, rather bell-shaped, not fleshy,
almost pellucid, edge rather bent iq, but with age turning
up, 3 to 4 inches over, or more.

Stem solid, rather wooddy, 4 to 6 inches high, thick as a goose
quill, gradually thickening fropi the pileus down to the
ground, then penetrating the earth in form of a long root
tapering downwards. Relhan n. 1040. Stem covered with
a thick down, of a reddish brown colour; 5 or 6 inches
high, gradually increasing in thicknefs to the ground, and
then tapering to a spindle-shaped root which penetrates
deep into the earth, I raised it to more than the length of
the stem above ground without obtaining the whole root.
Pileus about 4 inches over, pale brown or dirty white, al-
most transparent, being absolutely without flesh ; the edge
rather bent in. Gills few, white, broad, 4 in a set, none
of them reaching the stern. Upon comparing the descrip-
tor, of Mr. Relhan with the above, which was drawn up

.CRYPTOG AM1A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loose.

White.

221

some time before the publication of his supplement, it can-
not be doubted but the plants are the same. Bulliard’s plate
23* agrees, except that the pileus is described as downy,
and the stem is longitudinally striated; but as from its-
wooddy substance it shrinks and somewhat twists in drying,
this appearance in the figure may be occasioned by that cir-
cumstance. Mr. Woodward.

Ag. longipes . Bull. Solitary ; in the margins of cornfields,
it Mettingham, and Homersfield, Suffolk ; on a strong clayey
coil. Mr. Woodward. Also a good drawing and description
♦ent me by Mr. Stackhouse, but without a place of growth.

* Var. 2. Stem not 2 inches high, swelling out to the size of
i finger: root 14 inches long, and large in proportion. Relhan.
;uppl. ii. p. 25.

Pastures and plantations. . Sept.

k

Ag. (Bolt.) Gills brownish watery white, 2 or 4 in a
set: pileus pale brown, convex, irregular: stem
whitish, browner with age, very tough, rarely cen-
► tral.

Bull. 1 44 ; but the flats has too much appearance of a finished smoot h-
nefsy and is too highly and too uniformly coloured * There is no
characteristic drawing ext ant. -Bat tar. 21 . E. gives a good idea
of it in its more advanced state; but I know that to be a very
different plant, and as such , shall refer to it in its proper place*

5 ills loose, (but the part attached to the pileus juts up very close
to the stem, so as to give them almost the appearance of
being fixed) watery brownish white, 2 or 4 in a set, the
small ones often very minute, and the large ones sometimes
splitting at the outer end ; not numerous, rather broad for
the size of the plant ; frequently connected to the pileus by
ligaments.

Pileus pale buffy brown, convex, irregular, a sudden deprefsion
of the border at some distance from the centre, often giv-
ing the appearance of a large rounded bofs in the middle ;
central colour generally deeper, 1 inch to i-f- over; edge
turning up with age.

Stem solid, white, changing to watery brown, cylindrical, but
thicker and flattened just under the pileus, very tough,
mostly crooked, twisted when dry, rarely central, inch
high, thick as a crow quill.

Ray Syn* 6. 27. Ag. pratensis. 25. Hcds. Ag. coriaceus. 12.
Light foot. Ag* preudomouceron. Bull. But neither of tbe-e

or'eades*

1

I

222

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loose,

W HITE.

names could be preserved, having been, and not improperly, pre-
viously applied to other species.

Edgbaston, hedge banks, pastures, in small or large patches,
particularly in fairy rings. Abounds. in upland pastures, and
sheep commons. Mr. Stackhouse. Sept. Oct*

Var. 2. Gills cream colour : piiteus buff : stem mealy.

Pastures, Edgbaston. 20th May, 1792. j

Sometimes the pileus is as much as 3 inches in diameter.

In fairy rings on the ground sloping down to Hockley Poo',
and on a piece of grafs land sloping to the South in the pleasure
ground of Mr. Boulton, at Soho. 2d June, 1792.

* Var. 3. Pileus yellow brown, more fleshy, more regularly
convex. Mr. Woodward.

Bolt. 151.

Mr. Woodward observes that this variety is found in groves;
that the stem retains its usual colour and toughnefs. He says also
that this species has a much higher flavour than the common
mushroom, but probably from its leathery nature is indigestible,
except in the form of powder, in which it is admirable. I have
seen the pileus and gills of this Agaric very brittle and tender
when fully saturated with moisture in rainy seasons, and in that
state it is sufficiently digestible. It is not, as Mr. Lightfoot has
supposed, the Mouoerm of the French, though often used in
France instead of that. Mr. Bulliard informs us that it is used in
ragouts, that its- flavour is equal to that of the true Mouceron,
hut that it is more tough.

I am satisfied that the bare and brown, or highly cloathed
and verdant circles, in pasture fields, called Fairy Rings, are caused
by the growth of this Agaric. We have many of them in Edg-
baston Park, on the side of a field sloping to the South West, of
Various sizes; but the largest, which is 18 feet diameter, and
about as many inches broad in the periphery where the Agarics
grow, has existed for some years on the slope of an adjoining
pasture field, facing the South. The soil is thin, on a gravelly
bottom. The larger circles are seldom compleat* The large
one just now described is more than a semi-circle, but this phe-
nomenon is not strictly limited to a circular figure. Where the
ring is brown and almost bare, upon digging up the soil to the
depth of about 2 inches, the spawn of the Fungus will be found,
of a greyish white colour, but where the grafs has again grown
green and rank, I never found any of the spawn existing. A si-
milar mode of growth takes place in some of the crustaceous Li-
chens, particularly in the L. centrifugus .

As this Agaric may be procured plentifully, and as its fin£
flavour will probably soon introduce it to our tables, particularly

RYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid arid Loose.

White.

i catchups and in powder, forms in w'hich its toughnefs is no
bjection to its use; I imagine it may be of some consequence to
uard against errors in those who gather it, or in those who di-
?ct it gathered; and as much confusion and many mistakes
ave hitherto existed amongst authors on the subject of this very
Din moil plant, I shall now, in addition to.’the particular descrip-
on given of it above, subjoin a list of the figures erroneously
noted as representing it, pointing out wherein they differ from it.

g. mcuccron. Bull. 142. This is very unlike our plant, it has a
very thick and fleshy pileus, its gills are extremely narrow
and numerous, and its stem is thick and short. Not to
mention that the gills too are fixed to the stem.

'g. leucocephalus. Bull. 428. 1. This is a much larger plant,'
has a fixed gill, a much thicker, and a brittle' stem, but the
toughnefs of the stem in our plant is such as is nearly alone
sufficient to distinguish it.

lattar. 22. C. Not to mention other marks of difference, this has
1 a hollow stem.

Ig. melleus. Schxff. 45. This has a fixed gill, and a hollow stem.
ig, pallidus. Schreff. 50. This is indeed very unlike our plant;

it has a thick fleshy pileus, a thick stem, and decurrent gills,.
\fg. farinulcntus. Schteff. 205. This has a hollow stem, a powder-
ed pileus, and a dirty brown gill,

Ig, collinus, Schaeff. 220. This has a hollow stern, otherwise it
is not much unlike it ; but the stem is too thick for our
plant, and the bofs upon the pileus is very peculiar.
niveus, Schaeff. 232. Differs very widely indeed, having a
pileus concave in the centre, a hollowT stem, and a very de-
current, gill.

fg. greealtus. Fi. dan. 830. r . This figure has some general re-
semblance, and the decurrent gills may he only apparently
so from the turning up of the pileus in the advanced age of
the plant. The author however refers to Battar. p. 46. t„
21 . fig. F. and here we find that this is a very large species
indeed, well agreeing with the trivial name yreealtus, but
the figure gives no such idea.

I have referred to Ray Syn. p. 6. n. 27, for our plant, but a
/ery respectable authority has lately given this species of Ray to
he Ag. sordidly, I confefs that the short character given by Mr.
Ray is so imperfect as to admit of various applications, though
nis usual sagacity did not desert him when he mentioned its leathery
exture. But this alone would not have been sufficient. Fortu -
nately he subjoins an English name, Scotch bonnets, from which,
.hose who are intimately acquainted with the habit of the fairy-
dug Agaric, will immediately acknowledge it.

224

pulvina'tus.

horizonta'lis.

claGus.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loose.

White.

*Ag. (Bolt.) Gills greyish white, 4 in a set: pileus
convex, brown mouse : stem dark grey, tapering
upwards : wrapper permanent.

Bolt. 49 ; (but none of his synonyms.)

Gills loose, the 2 smaller series lopped.

Pileus when fully expanded flatted at the top like a cushion;
edge strongly scored: 3 or 4 inches over. Flesh white,
spongy.

Stem solid, dark grey, nearly cylindrical but thicker at the bot-
tom, which is inclosed in a permanent wrapper ; 3 to 4
inches high, near \ an inch diameter. Bolton. The
colour of the gills not mentioned in the description, but if
grey white as represented in the figure, it cannot be the
same plant as Mr. Bulliard’s Ag. volvaceus, pi. 262, which
has white gills when young, changing to salmon colour
when in maturity.

Ag. pulvinatus . Bolt. Woods and moist shady places about

Halifax, but rare. Sept.

*Ag. (Bull.) Gills yellowish white, 4 in a set : pileus
yellowish brown, convex, not fully circular : stem
bent horizontally.

Bull. 324.

Gills loose, contiguous to the stem but not fixed to it, yellowish
white, few, rounded at the edge, 4 in a set, the smaller
series very minute.

Pileus convex, yellowish brown, almost semi-orbicular, smooth,
shining, 1 inch broad.

Stem solid, little more than an inch long, central, but imme-
diately bent so as to be parallel to the pileus, and inserted
into the crevices of the bark on which it grows ; in thick-
nefs equal to a swallow’s quill. I have frequently been
deceived in gathering this plant, the stem from its mode of
growth, not being easily seen, I have supposed it to be a
dimidated Agaric until it was pulled. Mr. W oodvvard.

Ag. horizontal^. Bull. On old trees at Mettingham, and else-
where, near Bungay. Mr. Woodward.

Ag. (Linn.) Gills white, in pairs : pileus with a dimple
in the centre : stem very long and slender : root
very long.

SchJ’ff'.SQ. very good, but rather large .-Bull . 148, B ♦ C. D,~A . is
another s))ecies.-Vaill.xl.ig,ig.20.-Bolt.^o).B.

CRYPTOGAMIA, FUNGI. Agaricus; Solid and Locstk 225

1 1

White.

Gills loose, in pairs, white, about 20 of each sort.

Pileus pale orange, convex, with a dimple in the centre, from
i-ioth tb 3-ioths of an inch ovfcr.

Stem solid, pale orange, semi-transparent* from-f to 1 inch high,
not thicker than a pin. Root very long. . . , hi '

'this is a Linmean species, but I omit the character in the FI,

Succ. as it is evident that the author had confounded two different
plants together. In the Sp. pi. ed. the erroneous part of the
reference to Vail. Par . is thrown out, but the whole of the error is
not yet removed.

Ray Syn. 9. 44, has been supposed to be this plant, but the?

conical pileus does not justify that opinion.

Ag. chiviis. SchsefF. Bull. Bolt. Common amongst mofs and

old leaves. JLhyi

Var. 2. Pileus and stem piilky white.

Bull. 569.21

Gills loose, white, in pairs;

Pileus flat, pinky white, near £ an inch diameter;

Stem solid, pinky towards the bottom* 2 inches high or more,
not thicker than a strong bristle. Root very long.

Ag. epiphylltus. Bull. On dead leaves in Lord Aylesford’s
Park at Packington. Autumn.

/

Ag. Gills white, numerous, irregular : pileus rich reddish aVelLVneuSt
yellow, gently convex : stem brown yellow;

Gills loose, white, with something of a yellowish cast ; thin,
numerous, 3 or 4 in a set, and often several long ones toge-
ther.

Pileus the colour of a fresh gathered ripe hazel nut ; gently
convex, rather bofsed, thin at the edge, 2^ inches over.

Flesh whitish, with a tinge of the nut colour.

Stem solid, gently taperihg upwards, brown yellow, flecked with
a scurf of a redder colour; 4 inches high, near an inch
diameter.

This species I believe was first found in England about 3 yearn >
ago, by Mr. Knapp, who then sent me an account of it, observing
that it gave a greasy appearance to the paper in which he had
preserved it. On making further enquiries concerning it, lie
favoured me in March last with a drawing made from his dried
specimen, and also the following observations — ‘Gills white. Pileus
nearly flat, of a nut colour, with an extremely fine woollinefs.

Stem tawny, rather scored, not hollow. Mr. Knapp. — 1 imagine
it is a rare plant, as Mr. Knapp has not found it since, though its
size and the length of its stem, as well as the elegance of its ap-

Vql. IV.— P

26

C R Y P TOGA M I A . FUNGI. A'gkricus. Solid and Loose.

Brown*

pearance, render it sufficiently observable. A single specimen
was gathered in this neighbourhood, and brought to me this

morning.

Shenlev, Bucks. Mr. Knapp. On the West side of Moseley
Common, near Birmingham. 6th July, 1792.

Geor'gii* *Ag, (Linn.) Gills yellowish white : pileus yellow, con-
vex, hollow in the centre : stem yellow, thickish,
smooth ; juice yellow.

Ag. stipitatus, pileo flavo convexo, lamellis albis. FI. suec.

CJus.\\.2§ ±.2-J .B .\\\.%2 ^.2-Park.i 7 .q.-Sterb.<±,C.(not 1 1.3.)

Gills loose. Pileus brimstone coloured, 4 inches over, Stem
solid, irregularly hollow with age. Linn. Clus. Haller. Pileus
striated and hairy at the edge, white, changing to yellowish, and
reddish yellow when old; but the gills do not lose their whitenefs.
Stem short, thick, woolly. Gleditsch. If woundedbleeds plen-
tifully with a yellow juice*

This species is introduced on the authority of Mr. Hudson
and Mr. Relhan. I cannot collect the exact description of the
gills from any of the authors who have mentioned it, but from
the general structure of the plant it is probable that they are loose.
Ray syn. p. 2. n. 2.

. T. r \V00ds and pastures. ' Sept.

* Var. 2.

Air. Stackhouse had repeatedly mentioned to me a large escu-
lent Agaric found on the sea-coast in Cornwall, which is, I believe,
a monstrous variety of this species. Its whole habit is very large,
the button as big as a potatbe, the expanded pileus 18 inches over,
the stem as thick as a man’s wrist, the gills very pale ; the curtain
as tough and as thick as a piece of leather, the juice yellowish ;
the flavour inferior to that of the Ag. campestris. And he has
very lately informed rile that it corresponds with the description
of j. B. hist. iii. p. 824, cited by Linnaeus under Ag. Georgii. It
was probably a plant ot this kind, which was mentioned to me by
a gentleman cl undoubted veracity, as having been gathered
Some years ago on an old hot-bed in a gardeft in Birmingham,
and weighed 1 4 pounds.

On the sea coast or commons, Weymouth, Devonshire, and
West of Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.

' t • ^ • • / - Y ) 2f

(2) Gills brown.

rrvf

luteo-fus'eus. Ag. Gills yellow brown : pileus dark yellow brown, widely

conical, bo Led : stem brown.

\

227

CRYPT OG A M I A . FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loose.

Brown.

Gills loose, yellow brown, 4 in a set*

Pileus dark yellow brown, convex but peaked in the centre, full
1 inch over, rather powdered, cracking at the edge when
old.

Stem solid, brown, paler in the middle, cylindrical, 1 to inch
high.

In the Earl of Avlesford’s Park at Packington. Autumri.

*Ag. Gills ricli ochrey brown : pileus rich yellow brown :
stem dirty white ; ring permanent.

Sower by g.

Gills loose, the colour of rusty iron, 4 in a set.

Pileus tawny brown, rather conical, 4 or 5 inches over.

StExM solid, whitish, nearly cylindrical, 3 to 5 inches high, •§ an
inch diameter. Ring turned down on the stem.

' When young it is enveloped in a veil of gluten, Which is du-
rable on the dried specimen, and has a beautiful transparent ap-
pearance like isinglafs. Sowerby. Peckham, or Oak of Honour,
Wood. . . Oct.

'*t * *■ 'X.y. « • • » t • • 1 * * • . • • -

1 :.'.»■

.

*Ag. (ScHiEFF.) Gills pale brown, uniform : pileus orange
brown, rather bofsed : stem pale cinnamon, with a
permanent wrapper at the root.

Schzff. 245- Bolt. 38. 2 -(Mr. Bolton refers to Schdtjf. 95, wUch
pofstbly may be the same , and also to Scheeff. 2 1 1 , which must be
.a mistake .) .•> _ : . ,

Gills loose, uniform, broad, distant, pale cinnamon brown.
Pileus bright brown inclining to orange, smooth, streaked near
the edge, 3 inches over.

Stem solid, hollow with age, pale cinnamon, smooth, tapering
upwards, 4 inches high, £ of an inch diameter, surrounded
at its base by a- permanent wrapper which splits into 3
lobes. Bolton.

# f . • / ' *

Ag. trilobus . Bolton. Ag, badius, Schxff. Dry woods about
Halifax. • 1 Aue.

O

Ag • G irlls hearly uniform, blackish brown t pileus cylin-
drical, channelled, mouse coloured, reddish at top :
stem white.

t * «• , •• • *- "x

Gills loose, dirty blackish brown, not all of a length, but with-
out any short ones;

p*. ~ 1 V

coUiiii'tilSa

ba'diusi

canalicti'u'tus

225 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus* Solid and Loose,

Brown.

Fileus mouse colour, smooth, reddish at the top, cylindrical,
blunt, channelled, 3*8ths of an inch high, not quite so
much in diameter.

Stem solid, white, tender and pulpy, of an inch high, thick as
a swallow's quill.

Drawing and description from Mr. Stackhouse, who attended
the progrefs of the growth in two of these plants, which sprang
up in a pot containing an orange tree, in the window of a parlour
in Bath. . June, 1 792.

I have since met with the same plant, growing in the soil m
an unfinished house in Birmingham. A parlour Boor had
been loosely layed with oak planks the preceding year, and on
' taking them up this plant made its appearance. July.

elandikalyx. Ag. Gills pale yellowish brown, 4 in a set : pileus dirty

mealy white on a pale ground, spreading, peaked :
stem pale yellowish brown.

Gills loose, pale yellowish brown, 4 in a set.

Fileus widely conical, pointed, dirty mealy white on a pale
brown yellow ground, with a peak in the centre, about ■£
of an inch high, much resembling the cup of an acorn.
Stem solid, cylindrical, pale yellowish brown, seldom straight,
y to 1 inch high, thick as a swallow's quill.

Plantations at Edgbaston, on the ground.

• . • ■ i U • 1 . . i 2 * . j

cer'neus. Ag. Gills pale buffy brown, 2 or 4 in a set: pileus pale

brown : stem brown, crooked.

Gills fixed to a fleshy ring in the pileus, and close adjoining,
but not united to the stem; pale brown or buffy, not thick
set, strong and rather tough; in pairs or in fours..

Pii.eus pale brown, convex, flatted, edge turned in, thin; from
the size of a pin’s head to 1 -8th of an inch over..

Stem solid, brown, very much crooked, to ot an inch high,
sometimes rather scurfy, thick as a small needle,' tough,
horny when dry. o-

On the stump of a fir tree which had been fallen, in the Red
Rock Plantation, Edgbaston. 11th Aug. 17.93;

lycoperdo- *Ag. Gills blackish brown : pileus dirty white; globular:
noi'des. stem white, short,

- - •

Bull. 166. . ••

i

Gills loose, brown changing to blackish, few, thick, uniform.'
Rile us white changing to dirty brown yellow, globular, from
the size of a pea to franjfcpch diameter,

2- 1

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loose.

Red.

Stem solid, white, cylindrical, j- to £ an inch high; thick as a
crow or a swallow’s quill,

Ag.lycoperdonoides, Bull. Grows on the pilcus and gills of
other Agarics in a state of decay. Found by Mr. Dickson and
Dr. Sibthorpe. Oct.

(3) Gills red.

*Ag. (Bolt.) Gills ruby red, 4 in a set : pilcus dark red,
gently conical : stem bright red.

diinq\ 5.

Gills loose, thin, transparent; when held between the eye and
the light, of a glowing ruby colour, regularly 4 in a set.
Pile us gently conical, fine dark red, cottony to the touch, 1$
inch over.

Stem solid, strong bright red, hard, seldom straight, 4'to 5 inches
high, thick as a goose quill. Bolton.

1 y r> * “ k

♦ • - 1 *

1 *Ag» Gills reddish brown, irregular: pilcus dead yellow
brown, widely conical, very glolsy : stem darker.

Gills loose, reddish brown, angular, irregular, 3 or 4 in a set.
Pile us dead leaf colour, very glofsy and sattiny, widely conical,
sometimes bofsed, 1 inch over in the largest specimens.
Stem solid; dark brown, inclining to black; 2 inches high,
thick as a swallow’s quill.

Found by Air. Stackhouse at Pcndarvis. Aug.

Ag- ccccineus. Bulliard, but not Schxffer 302. AI. Bulliard’s
name is rejected because previously appropriated by Scopoli to
another species. Indeed the same reason exists against Air.
Bolton’s name, but that the species which Scopoli has called
rubens , is a variety of Ag. muscarius.

Ag. rubens. Bolt. Ag. Ker mi sinus. FI. dan. In a wood belong-
ing to Shibden Hall, near Halifax, and not elsewhere. Oct.

Ag. Gills loose, pinky flesh-colour, 4 in a set: pi lens pale
pink: stem pinky white.

Ag. suramins. Var. 3. See Hollow and Fixed,

Ag. (Linn.) Gills pinky, changing to dark liver colour,
crowded, irregular : piieus convex, white to brown;
stem white, cylindrical : curtain white.

Var. 1. Pilcus smooth, or only a little scaly wh«n old.

*3

ru'bens.

angula'tus.

auran'tius.

campcs'tris.

CllYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus* Solid and Loose.

Red.

Lull* 5 1 4— !?////« i ^ tfi—Fi . dan. 7 i 4— Belt .^g~^Adill . ill. t . i oG Lo b.tc *
*71-7- *• hist. iii. 8 Zfy-Gars. zjg.i-Stcrb. i~Sch&jf. 310.

3IX-

Gills loose, pinky red, changing to liver colour, in contact but
not united with the stem ; very thick set, irregular in dispo-
sition, some forked next the stem, some next the edge of the
pileus, some at both ends, and generally in that case ex-
cluding the intermediate smaller gills.

Pileus white, changing to brown when old, and becoming
scurfy ; regularly convex, fleshy, flatter with age, 2 to 4
inches diameter, liquefying in decay. Flesh white.

Stem solid, white, cylindrical, 2 to 3 inches high, % inch diame-
ter. Curtain white, delicate.

Such is the more common kind, in this part of England, which
3s so much in request for the table. They differ very much in
size ; I o-athered one, whose pileus measured 9 inches over. The
field plants are better for eating than those raised on artificial
beds, the flesh of the latter being far lefs tender.

Ag. stipitatus, pileo convexo squamato albido, lamellis rufis,
FI. Suec, 1203.— Ray syn. p. 2. n. i.and p. 3. n. 8.

Common Mushroom. Ag. arvensis, Schceff, Ag. edulis. Bulk Ag.
cam fie sir is. Bolt. Ag. camfiestns . FI. dan. In parks, and other
pastures where the turf has not been ploughed up for many years.

Aug. Sept.

1

Var. 3. Pileus rough and scurfy, or hairy.

Sc has ff. 3 3 - B attar . 7 . A- M ic h. 7 5 . 1 - Clus . 2 6 8 .

Ag. camfiestris. Schieff. • This seems the more common sort in
some parts of Europe.

Var. 3. Pileus beautifully tufted with pencils of brown hair:
stem tapering downwards.

Gives a good idea of this, which with us never expands fur-
ther; consequently the curtain is very durable.

Ag. camfiestris . Schceff. Wpolhope, Ileretordshiie. Sept, fron
Mr. Stackhouse . — Rookery, Edgbaston, a single plant. Oct

Var. 4. Gills whitish, slowly changing to liver colour.

Gills loose, 4 in a. set, numerous, whitish, changing to live

colour.' ' :-V

Pileus cream colour, 2 to 4 inches over, rather scurfy, nearly
semi-globular.

Stem solid, 2 inches high, inch diameter, yellowish white
Ring permanent, tough, white.

Edgbaston Park, under large lime trees. 12th Nov. 1794

1

CR Y P TOG AM I A . FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loose* 231

Red.

Obs. In the more common Mushroom, even in its button state
before the rupture of the curtain the gills appear of a pinky red
soon changing to a darker liver colour, but in this they were near-
ly white even for some time after the tearing of the curtain so as
to make me doubtful of its species, but at length they changed to
the usual colour. This delay was probably occasioned by the
slow ripening of the seeds so late in the year.

Ag. (Bolt.) Gills pale flesh-colour, 8 in a set, but irre- la'tus.
gular: pileus brown mouse, convex, rather bofsed:
stem white, cylindrical.

Bull. 382, Gills too highly colour ed-Bolt . 2, hut the colouring in my
copy neither agreeing with cur specimens , nor yet with his own
description , which is sufficiently exact .

Gills loose, white when young, changing to a pale flesh colour,
numerous, mostly 8 in a set, but the smaller series often
absent, and often standing nearer to the edge of the pileus,
than the extent of the large ones.

Pileus brown mousecolour, convex, fleshy, a Jittlebofsed, sattiny,
smooth when young, when fully expanded much wrinkled
about the bofs, 2 to 5 inches over.

Stem solid white, cylindrical, rather scurfy towards the bottom,
spongy and juicy, 2 to 3 inches high, 3-8ths diameter.

Ag. lividus. Bull. Ag. latus. Bolt. Edgbaston, on turf. Solitary.

July — Sept.

Var. 2. Plant when young inclosed in a wrapper. ,

Bull. 262.

The presence of the wrapper or Volva and some variation in
the tint of the pileus, seems the only circumstance wherein it
differs from Bull. pi. 382. pi. 330, of the same author seems only
a dwarf plant of the same kind.

Ag. volva ceus. Bull. Found by Mr. Relhan in the tan-pit in
Profefsor Harwood’s hot house, at Cambridge.

* Ag. Gills brown red: pileus red buff, whitish at the edge, crustulini-
convex : stem white, scurfy. for'mis.

Bull. 308 and 546.

Gills loose, brown red, 4 in a set.

Pileus red buff, edges whitish^ scolloped and waved when full
grown, convex, 2 to 4 inches over. Flesh white.

Stem solid, white, cylindrical, scurfy, 2% inches high, l of an
inch diameter. Bulliard.

Ag. crustuliniformis. Bull. On the authority of Dr. Sihthorpe,
who found it in a copse under Shotover hills, Oxfordshire. Sept.

hlnnii'Ieus.

lanugino'sus

sulcaftuf

CR Y P TOG AM I A . FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loose,

Buff.

(4) Gills buff.

* Ac* Gills buff, very broad, 4 in a set: pile us faun-co-
loured, convex, mealy : stem chesnut.

Bull. 5] 1 , may be the plant , but it is much larger than ours.

Gills loose, buff, very broad, 4 in a set.

Pile us bright fawn-colour, surface covered with a fine farinace-
ous substance, which appears under the microscope as mealy
tubercles ; 1 to 2 inches over.

Stem solid, spongy, dark chesnut colour, striated when old, 1 to
3 inches high, thick as a swan’s quill. Curtain , its frag-
ments attached to the edge of the pileus and to the stem.

This is an elegant species; the colour of the pileus has fur-
nished its name, although strictly speaking, it is too bright to be

called a fawn colour. Major Velley.

Ag. fauve. Bull. Pine plantations on Claverton. Major .

Velley.

% . \

Ag. Gills brown buff, narrow : pileus nut brown, convex,
scurfy : stem nut brown, scored,

Bull. 370.

Gills loose, brown buff, narrow, in pairs.

Pileus full nut brown, convex, rough and scurfy, most so when
young so as to appear almost hispid ; with age turning up j
1 to if inch over.

Stem solid, nearly the colpurof the pileus, if inch high, thick as
a raven quill.

Poisibly only a variety of Ag. hinnuleus,

Ag. lanuginosus. Bull. In Lord Aylesford?s Park at Packing-

tpn. ‘ Autumn.

(5} Gills yellow.

. Ag, Gills yellow, 4 in a set, larger ones grooved along
the edge : pileus orange, convex, but deprefsed in
the middle : stem solid, yellow, rich brown below.

Bolt.i 35-Bull. 519.2.

Gills !#ose, yellow, moderately numerous, in contact with the
stein but not attached to it, 4 in a set, the larger Gills thick,
and grooved along the edge.

iCRYPTOG AMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loose. 233

Ye llow.

• \ •• e

Fileus orange in the middle, yellow towards the edge, convex
but deprefsed, £ of an inch to 3-^ inches over. Flesh white.

Stem solid, cylindrical, yellow, velvety , paler upwards, dark rich
brown below, i^to 2 inches high, 1 -8th to 3-8ths diameter.

Ag. nigripcs. Bull. Ag. velutipes. Bolt. In clusters affixed to
rotten wood. Edgbaston, 15th Nov. 1790.

* Ag. (Bolt.) Gills yellow, numerous, uniform : pilous lu'teus#
yellow, conical, tufted : stem tapering upwards.

Bolt. go -Sower by 2, the kft hand figure:.

Gills loose, thin, tender, delicate.

Pileus a blunt cone, bearing the remains of its wrapper on its
surface, in form of little, soft, cottony tufts ; edge waved,
scolloped, scored when old ; i-£ inch from the edge to the
top. 1

Stem solid, yellow, tapering upwards, 2§ inches high, £ diame-
ter at the ring, which is permanent. Bolton.

Ag. cep£stigcs. Sowerby. Amongst the bark in a pine stove.

Aug.

' Var. 2. Colour of the whole plant a chalky white.

Sowerby 2-Bull. 374.

The general external appearances have induced Mr. Sowerby
to consider this as a variety of the Ag. luteus, but though it stands
here in conformity to his opinion, I think it must be a distinct
plant, and on account of the different colour of the Gills I have
entered it more fully in its proper place. See AgTcretaceus, p. 2 ig.

*Ag. (Sch^eff.) Gills yellowish, few, uniform: pileus minu'tulus.
brown yellow, scored, nearly cylindrical : stem white#

Sohtejf.Q 08.

Gills loose, light brown yellow.

Pileus bell-shaped, i-iothofan inch high, scored, brown vellow.

Stem solid, white, or brownish, cylindrical, rather bent, very
slender, £ to 1 inch high.

Grows in patches on the ground, but the plants grow singly.

Ip that and in its general aspect, it isextremely like the var. 2. of
Ag. turbinatus ; and I know that plant has repeatedly been referred
to Schaeff. 308, but it differs in having “ Gills white, in pairs;
stem solid.”

Ag. minutidus. Schrcff. In pastures, in autumn. Dickson.
fasc. 1. p. 16. [In Lord Aylesford’s park at Packington. j

234

auran'tius.

du'rus.

mammo'sus.

lu'ridus#

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Solid and Loose*

Grey.

Ac. Gills loose, yellow, 2, 3, or 4 in a set: pileus and
stem pinky.

Ag. aurantius. Var. 4. See Hollow and Fixed,

(6) Gills grey.

* Ag. (Bolt.) Gills loose, pale grey, very numerous, 4

in a set : pileus pale dusky buff, convex : stem pale
whitish buff.

Bull. 428.2-B0//.67.1.

Gills loose, very numerous, thin, broad.

Pileus pale dusky yellow, feels like vellum, 2 to 4 inches over.
Stem solid, cylindrical, 2 to 3 inches high, 2-8ths to 3*8ths dia-
meter. Curtain white, evanescent. The substance of the
whole plant very hard and brittle. Bolton.

Ag. cinerescens . Bull. Ag. durus. Bolt. Sometimes solitary,
generally in clusters; in woods. Autumn. Bulliard.

*Ag. (Linn.) Gills yellow grey, 4 in a set : pileus con-
vex, pointed in the centre, grey brown : stem grey
brown, cylindrical.

Bo/t.dg— Buxb. cent. q..t. 21 ,f. 1.2.

Gills \ oose, yellow grey, convex, scolloped. Pileus. grey or
brownish, convex, pointed. Stem scored, very long, cylindrical,
naked. Linn.

Gills loose, pale dusky grey with a tinge of flesh colour; very
broad, waved, and the long ones scolloped at the edge.
Pileus dusky grey with a tinge of reddish brown, surface clothy,
3 inches over, central projection like a nipple.

Stem solid, grey brown, paler below, hard firm, cylindrical, 4 or
5 inches high, •§- inch diameter. Bolt.

Ag. stipitatus, pileo convexo acuminato griseo, lemellis con-
vexis griseis crenatis. Linn.

Af. wammosns. Bolt. In woods. , Sept.

o

* Ag. (Bol't.) Gills blue grey, numerous, uniform:

pileus dirty olive brown, slimy, bluntly conical, edge
irregularly lobed: stem dirty olive brown, bent.

Bolt. 2 5.

Gills not touching the stem, sordid greyish blue, uniform, very
numerous, clo^e set, broad, deliquescent.

■ ' • '

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and De- 235

current . White.

Pile us dusky greyish hue with a cast of dirty olive, quite smooth,
covered with a thick siime; edge with very unequal lobes
and gashes, 2^ inches acrofs the base, and as much in
height.

Stem solid, hard, dirty yellowish brown, bent in various direc-
tions, 4 -inches high, inch diameter. Bolton, who in at
letter to me remarks, that it is slow of growth, and of much
longer duration than any of the deliquescent species which
had fallen under his observation.

Ag. luridus. Bolt. Or. Gibbet Hill, and other places near

Halifax.

/ , ,

IV. HOLLOW and DECURRENT.

. * t .•<* -, V * , > V ’ . .

I

( 1) Gills white.

* Ag. (Sch.tff.) Gills white, in pairs: pilcus white, niv'eus.
viscid, flattisli: stem white, cylindrical.

i

Sch£jf.2§2, not good. ( Description at Ind. f. 57, very good.)

Gi lls decurrent, glofsy white, few, in pairs.

Pi leus at first convex, afterwards flattened, and often deprefsed
in the centre ; viscid, brittle, not fleshy.

Stem hollow, white, 1 to 2^ inches high, thick as a goose quill.

Major Velley.- I am obliged to the gentleman just men-
tioned for the knowledge of this plant being indigenous,
for most of die preceding characters, and for the following
observations : — The pileus is so little fleshy, that when dry,
it is sufficiently transparent to exhibit the form of the gills.

The decurrence of the longer gills, which is invariable,
separates it from the Ag. coriaceus of Lightfoot, (Ag.
orcades) the giils of which, as he observes, do not touch
the stem. It is much lefs fleshy than the Ag. eburneus.

It cannot be Ray syn. p. 7. 11. 31, as Sibthorpe supposes,
because Ray’s reference to J. B. iii. 32 6, clearly shews that
his plant is the Ag. plumbeus. Not. Sowerby 32.

In a small clump of firs, near the middle of Claverton Down ;

Bath.

f J , . „ . M L -

"■* • . -it, r~ *

Ag. Gills watery white, few, broad: pileus very light cespito'sus.
browu ; convex : stem white.

Bo/t.^i.C.

Gills slightly decurrent, watery white-, 2 or 4 in a set, few,
broad.

I

farina'ceus.

l

CR VPTOGAMIA.’ FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and De-

current, Red.

Pileus light brown with a yellowish tinge, convex, flat and
sometimes turning up with age; to inch over; ex-
tremely thin, and with the appearance of streaks from the
gills being seen through it.

Stem hollow, white, from to inch high, thick as a crow
quill.

Whole plant semitransparent.

Ag. cespiiosut . Bolt, In Packington Park.

. , ’ J - *■*'«*• 4. '1

W ■ * * ; ' U ' n . . i + f *>*4 A - • • - - ■» i • *

(2) Gills red.

V v * .

Ag. (Huds.) Gills dilute pink, edges scolloped, 4 in a set :
pileus pinky brown, bofsed: stem very pale pinky
brown, thick at the top.

% • * h

Sch&jf. 1 3 - Pats cl: . 1 00.

/ ,

Gills a little decurrent in the young and smaller plants, greatly
so in the older and larger ones, few, thick, very dilute
pink, or as if powdered with dull white upon a pink
ground ; scolloped at the edge, regularly 4 in a set.

Pileus pale pinky brown, deeper coloured and bofsed in the
centre; to 1 inch over.

Stem hollow, very pale brown, with a pinky tinge, shining,
thickest at the top, 4 inches high, size of a crow quill.

This plant is always distinguishable by the small number of
Gills, which are sprinkled with a mealy powder. Stem slender,
3 0 r 4 inches high. Pileus 1 to 2 inches over, varying in colour,
but usually more or lefs purple, often very irregular in shape,
and occasioning waves in the gills. Common. Mr. Woodward.

The whole plant sometimes mealy. Dr. Sibthorpe has refer-
red Ray syn. p. 5. n. 23, to this species, but Dillenius’s descrip-
tion is that of a much larger plant.

Ag. subcarneus. Batsch. Ag. laccatus. SchiefF. In the grafs
under pine trees at Bath, in abundance. On Comb Down,
Major Ve l l e v .

Var. 2. Gills in pairs; stem thickest at the bottom when
young.

Gills, about 20 long ones.

Pileus £to £ of an inch over, convex, turning up with age.
Stem thickest downwards in the young, thickest upwards in the
old plants, i^to 2 inches high. The whole plant inside
and outside of a pinky red.

Plantations at Tettenhall, Staffordshire. July,

237

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Dt-

current . YeLLow.

Ag. Gills pale pink, deep red at the edge: pileus pale rosel'lus*
pink, cyiindro-conical : stem pink.

Gills decurrent, pale pink with deep red edges; broad.

Pileus pale watery pink, cylindrical but rounded at the top,
i - 1 oth of an inch high.

Stem hollow, pink, weak, i inch high, not thicker than a strong
bristle.

On rotten sticks in the park at Packington.

. ¥ t " i

*> } . •'*.:< V ' ^ v J

Ag. (Bolt.) Gills pale rose, broad, tough, wide asunder, irregula'ris.
4 in a set: pileus pale brown, bofsed, irregular,
sloping : stem whitish, cylindrical, flattened and
: larger, at the top.

Bolt. 13.

Gills decurrent, of a delicate blush colour, tough, broad, not
numerous, 4 in a set.

Pileus pale brown, or whitish, bofsed, plaited, crumpled, irre-
gular, set sloping on the stem, about 2 inches over.

►Stem hollow, nearly white, cylindrical, but larger and flattened
at the setting on of the pileus, 2 inches high, f inch dia-
meter. * ‘

Specimen, description, and an excellent drawing from Mr.

Stackhouse.

Ag. irregularis . Bolt. Ditches under tre<?s, not uncommon.

Beacon Hill, Bath, Woolhope, Herefordshire. Mr. Stackii.

- A * - r ; * “ - f * 1 f - w . .

w . ' ‘ / V. < . • . . / ;

(3) Gills yellow.

■J \ , ' • ' ' 1. » ** • » .

Ag. Gills orange, in pairs, about 20 pair: pileus orange, par'vus*.
dimpled : stem orange.

Bull. 519. i.B.C.

Gills decurrent, deep orange, paler towards the stem, broad for
the size of the plant, about 20 large ones and a very small
one between each.

.m. ■ y t _ • .

Pileus orange, centre deprefsed, edge turned down, 1 -3d or £
of an inch over.

Stem hollow, orange, -£ or £ of an inch high, not thicker than a
pin.

The whole plant very viscid and semitransparent. M. B.ulliard

has called this plant corticalis , and figured it as growing on the

bark of a tree, but as that is not its most common situation, his

name is not very proper.

I

238

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Dc~

current . Yellow,

Pastures, Edgbaston, amongst short grafs and mofs, common,

27th Aug. 1791,

* Var. 2. Gills pale orange, 4 in a set: pileus orange, the
central dimple bluish purple : stem deep orange below, paler
above.

»in

. 1 1

,

Battdr. 2%\ Y*-very like Bull. 186, hut that ha s a solid stem .

Gills decurrent, whitish orange, not numerous, broad, 4 in a set.

Pileus i line to-^inch over ; in the small ones bell-shaped, with
plane margins; in larger convex, always dimpled in the
centre • the dimple bluish purple, which colour runs down
part of the stem, and may be seen through the gills it held
up to a strong light; the margin waved and plaited with
great elegance, extended, thin, varying, of a pale or deep
orange colour.

Stem long, slender, hollow, the lower half deep oiange as the
pileus, upper pale as the gills, smooth and shining, cottony
at the base. The whole plant shining and somewhat
transparent, shaped like a trumpet.

Pine Grove at Kirby, on mofs. Mr. Woodward. ,

ii!

urnbilica'tus AC. (Bull.) Gills deep buff, 4 in a set, large ones very

broad : pileus buif, hollow in the centre • stem red*

dish buff, cylindrical. ,

Bull.ii 1.2, (paler than our specimens.)

■* ' . i • <

, i •• W ... * «

Gills a little decurrent, deep red buff, 4 in a set, large ones
about 25, much broader than the other, often cloven,,
smallest series very imperfect, sometimes wanting.

Pileus buff, hollow in the centre, tearing with age, 1 to 3 inches

over. -/ *

Stem hollow, cylindrical, reddish buff, '2 inches .high, thick as a

goose or swan’s quill. .

Sometimes the pileus is of an oiange, and the stem of a bright,
yellow colour. The flesh yellow,. but Mr. Stackhouse has ob-
served^it to turn green when exposed to the air. _

Ar. umbificatus. -Bull. Pastures, Edgbqston, and m Packing-
- 1 •• • nth Oct. 1790*

ton Park*

pri'mukn

,'io /o r, >'n in t.>

Ag* Gills primrose-colour, 4 in a set: pileus, centre brown
red, border yellow : stem yellow, tapering down-

- ’ \ '7! •' " ' ■» ' .* :: ;

wards. 1 . . • i.

1 no 71

ijrj

, , . •••• ■

Gills -decurrent, pale yellow withia greenish cast, 4 in a set,

regular.

/

CRYPTOGAMI A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed. 239.

*

White.

Pile us convex, uneven, darkish brown red in the centre, yellow
at the edges, i of an inch over.

Stem hollow, yellow, scurfy, often crooked, greatly tapering
downwards, 4 inches long, thick as a goose quill in the
middle part.

I never found this singular Agaric but once, and then it grew
in clusters.

Plantations, Edgbaston. , 15th Oct. 1790.

• - | • 4

V. HOLLOW and FIXED.

(1) Gills white.

♦ . • » ••

Ag. Gills white, numerous, 4 in a set : pileus white, nemora'lis*
smooth, convex, huffy in the centre : stem white,
thickest downwards.

Bull. 585.2..

Gills fixed, white, numerous, the upper part only attached to
1 the stem, very thin and delicate, but not brittle; regularly
4 in a set ; brownish and mottled when the seeds are ripe.

Pileus white, smooth, convex, pointed and huffy in the centre,

1 to 1$ inch over.

Stem hollow, white, thickest at the bottom, which is covered
with a white cottony substance, 2 to 3 inches high, thick as
a raven’s quill.

Ag. des devins. Bull. In woods; Edgbaston. Oct. 31st.

Var. 2. Pileus, centre concave ; stem cylindrical.

Var. 3. Pileus conical, uneven at the edge: stem cylindrical.

Gills fixed, white, numerous, 4 in a set.

Pileus white, smooth, conical, very thin and therefore transpa-
rent, uneven at the edge, cone $ inch high, and as much
acrofs at the base.

Curtain sometimes hanging in fragments to the edge of the
pileus.

Stem hollow, white, cylindrical, smooth, splitting, not straight
but forming a serpentine line, i£ inch high, thick as a crow

quill.

Plantations on low wet ground, amongst grafs and mofs,

Edgbaston. Sept.

The white colour in this species soon tarnishes, changing to
a dirty pinky brown, and becoming watery at the edge of the
pileus. The outer coat of the stem frequently splits and separates,
the inner remaining entire.

240

conci'nnusi

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaficus; Hollnw andFixcJ,

White.

Var. 4. Gills yellow white : stem light orange ; splitting.

Gjus broad near the stem, fixed only by a claw, and crumpled
* when fully grown. Flesh so little that the gills are marKdd

on the piieus.

In Packington Park. .

For other varietes ol it see pi. ^SoofBulliard s Agarics ,

Ag- ovinus.

* Ag. (Bolt.) Gills white, numerous, broad, 4 in a set :
pilous mouse brown, conical, blunt : stem white.

cylindrical.

Bolt, 1 5*

Gills fixed, thin, pliable, closely set* . ,. . . ...

Pileus conical, dark mouse brown, difolvmg into a sordid jelly;

Stem hollow, tender, 2 to 3 inches high, thick as a goose quill*.

Bolton. .

Ap, concinnus , Bolt. Moist woods.

23d Sept. 1786.

va'rius. Ag. Gills white, not numerous, 2 or 4 in. a set : pilcusj

conical, scored: stem cylindrical, gloFy, stiff, size

of a crow quill, t

Var. 1. Gills whitish, 4 in a set: piieus pale brown, edge
plaited : stem whitish, crooked and cottony at the root.

Bull, 51^. D.

Gills fixed, nearly white, not numerous, regularly 4 m a set.

Pileus pale brown, sometimes mouse-colour, conical, scored

rather plaited at the border, * to 1 inch from the edge tc
the point of the cone. Flesh white, firm.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, stiff and elastic, nearly white, but some
times only silvery white at the top, and polished grey bet

low; thicker, crooked, and cottony at the bottom, 4 to I

inches high, thick as a crow quill.

The remarkable firm stiffnefs of the stem characterises thi

and most of tjie following varieties.

4 Mr. Bulliard has well figured several sorts of this variable species 1
v>i<5 tikth date all of which have not occurred to me, but 1 have fouir
several which still remain to be figured, and have no doubt but severe
r m»v vet be found. On this account, and from the difficulties whic
rknow tSsCiable specie, has occasioned, particular descript, ons areae
dedto each variety; for by this.means. ortly can we hope to get them p
perly arranged.

»

RYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed* 241

White.

Ag.fi tulosus. Bull. Roots and stumps of a filberd hedge.

Oct. Nov.

Var. 2. Gills white, inosculating, 2, 3, or 4 in a set : pileus
urplish brown : stem bluish brown.

Schdffg 2.1-6.

Jills fixed, white, fleshy, firm, often very irregular and inter-
laced with ligaments connecting them together, but the
general disposition 2 or 4 in a set.

'ileus brown, with more or lefs of a purplish tinge, edge in the
young plants cooped in and white, conical, pointed or
bolsed, but the apex not always central, streaked, f to f
inch from the edge to the point of the cone.
tem hollow, cylindrical, but more or lefs comprefsed, bluish
brown, to pale mouse, firm, tough, generally crooked, if
}nch high, thick as a crow quill, sometimes a little woolly
towards the bottom in the larger plants.

Ag, conicus . Huds. 620. Ag . ga/ericulatus, Seine fF. Roots of
Iberd trees, with the preceding. Nov.

Var. 3. Gills white, 4 in a set, connected by threads to the
ileus : stem ending in a pear-shaped bulb,

Jills fixed, white, moderately numerous, connected by white
ligaments to the pileus, 4 in a set, but the smaller series
very irregular in size.

ileus brown, conical, but expanded, pointed, sides streaked, f
to if inch over.

Item hollow, mouse-colour, smooth, if to gf inches high, thick
as a crow quill, swelling suddenly at the bottom into a pear-
shaped bulb, and then dividing into roots.

Ag. filopes. Bull. 320, the right hand figure would give a
ood idea of this plant if the stem were not so tall and slender, the
ills not loose, and the root not hdiry.

Edgbaston Park. » 13th Nov. 1790.

Var. 4. Gills white, 2 qr 4 in a set: pileus brownish white,
lottled with purple dots : stem white.

Bull , 518. E. exprefses a mottled variety >, but it is larger and more
coloured than our specimen:.

Jills fixed to the stem by a small claw, white, not numerous, 4.

in a set, but the smaller series often wanting.

'ileus brownish white, mottled with purplish dots and streaks,
conical, cracking at top when full grown, f inch from the
edge to the point of the cone. Flesh white.

Item hollow, white, glofsy, splitting, often crooked, 1 to if inch
high, thinner than a crow quill.

At the bottom of posts and pales. 25th Nov,

Vol.IV.— Q_

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow an# Fixed,

White.

i

Var. 5. Gills white, with purple blotches, 2 or 4 in a set : pileus
whitish, with purplish brown blotches : stem brown.

Gills fixed, of a dirty white with purple blotches ; not numerous,

2 or 4 in a set. # 3

Pileus whitish, irregularly blotched with purplish brown, conical,
scored, wrinkled at the border, not fleshy, £ inch from the
edge to the point of the cone.

Stem hollow, brown, darkest at the bottom, shining, splitting, :
crooked, 2 to 3 inches high, thinner than a crow quill.

This singular and beautiful variety lias not been figured. It
is not common with us.

On a hedge bank in the old road, Edgbaston. 27th Nov. 1791.

Var. 6. Gills white, in pairs, long ones splitting: pileus
conical, peaked, brown mouse: stem pale mouse, feeble : root
thick, crooked.

Gills fixed, white, in pairs, long ones often splitting at the outer
end, or the short gill connected with the lone one.

Pileus conical, pointed, brown mouse, sides wiink-led, •§■ to one
inch from the edge to the apex of the cone.

Stem hollow, whitish mouse, smooth, feeble and ^bending before
the decay of the pileus ; 2 to 3 inches high, not half the
thicknefs of a crow quill. Root much thicker than the
stem, bent horizontally and sometimes turning upwards.

Stumps of a filberd hedge, Edgbaston. 17 th Oct. 179^*

Var. 7. Gills white, in pairs: pileus dark brown; stem grey.

Bull. 51 8. C.

Gills fixed, white, alternately long and short, about 20 of each
sort. ,

Pileus brown to chocolate colour, conical, blunt, border bent in
and wrinkled, f of an inch from the edge to the point.

Stem hollow, silvery grey, often crooked, 2 to 1 inch high, not
much thicker than a large pin.

This is sometimes found not much above a fourth part as large. ,

Ag.fistulosus. Bull. Not uncommon in hedge banks. 22dOct.,

* Var. 8. Gills white, 2 or 4 in a set : pileus, upper parts)
fclack, lower parts white : stem black below, white upwards.

Bolt. 137.

Gills narrow, long ones attached to the stem by a pointed claw.
Pileus oblong-eggshaped, changing to bell-shaped; i of an inch
high ; white at the edge only when young, but as it grows,
the white extends up to its middle.

Stem dusky approaching to black, but when full grown the top
is white. Near 3 inches high ; thick as a raven quill.
Bolton.

Ag. atro-albus. EoltQ

I

2RYPT0GAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed. 24:

White.

lQ. Gills white, fleshy, few, 2 to 8 in a set : p ileus brown, compres'sus
irregular: stem white, comprefsed.

ills fixed, white, fleshy, broad, wide apart, very irregular, 2
to 8 in a set, but most frequently 4 ; often forked at the
outer end.

ileus brown, centre generally darkest, very thin, bluntly co-
nical, but very irregular in shape, more or lefs transparent,
when full grown the skin cracks and forms little scales ;
from 1 to 23- inches over. ,

tem hollow, containing more or lefs of a loose pith, white,
brownish at the bottom, comprefsed, rarely straight, often
irregularly crooked and twisted, sometimes so comprefsed
as to appear double, splitting, £ to an inch diameter, 2 to
3 inches high. The whole plant very brittle and watery.

In a great quantity of specimens I did not find a single one
, that had not a comprefsed stem. Is not this another variety
of the sportive Ag. aurantius ?

Jn patches on the rising ground opposite the Stews, Edgbaston.

28th June, 1792.

I ; s- \

G. Gills watery brownish white, 4 or 8 in a set, shining argen'teus»
at the edges : pileus pale watery brown, convex but
flatted : stem white.

ills fixed, watery brownish white, 4 or 8 in a set, the small
ones irregular and uncertain, the long ones sometimes
splitting, all of them shining, silvery white at the edges.
ileus pale watery brown, convex and bofsed when young, af-
terwards fiat topped and the centre deprefsed, centre dar-
ker, surface mealy, streaked at the sides when young,
wrinkled and plaited when old; 1 to 2% inches over.
tem hollow, silvery white, cylindrical, but thicker downwards,
bending, tender, splitting, 2 t© 4 inches high, thick as a
goose or a swan’s quill.

Packington Park in clusters : under elm trees in Edgbaston
irk. 10th April, 1792. — Aug.

G. (Batsch.) Gills brownish white, few, in pairs : pileus auri'eomus.
golden brown, convex, bofsed : stem brown, thick
at the top.

Batsch. 21.

ills fixed, brownish white, not numerous, in pairs, but some-
‘ times a little gill intervening.

ileus rich brown, gently convex, bofsed, slightly scored, an
inch over. Flesh white.

Q. 3

244

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. A garicus. Hollow and Fixed*

White.

Stem hollow, pale brown, thicker and flattened at the top, firm,
smooth, if to 2 inches high, thick as a crqw quill.

Jr. auricomus . Batsch. Roots of filberd trees, Edgbaston.

6 24th Nov. 1790.

plum'beus. Ag. (Schjeff.) Gills white, numerous,, uniform : pilous

light brown with some bluish lilac tints, con\ ex, bor-
der streaked ; stem white ; ring peimanent.

FI Jan. 1 01 y-Schwff. 85.86, ( but the hollow stem not well exprefsed ,
though particularly mentioned in the description.J-Bpttar&.B.--
Mieh.j8'2-J.B. iii. 826, fig. to the left handy gOQd.-Sterb. 20, ,
K. 21. B.-Buxb. 48.1, very bad.

Gills fixed, white, very numerous, shining at the edges,. nearly
uniform, a shorter gill only now and then intervening. _
Pileus convex, brown in the centre andbofsed; border with
more or lefs of a bluish lilac cast, streaked. In its younger
state frosted with white shining particles; if to 3 inches

over. Flesh white. , . ,

Stem hollow, a loose pith in the cavity, very white, cylindrical,,
bulbous at the bottom, 2 to 3 inches high, f an inch dia-
meter. Rin ? white, permanent.

Ray Syn. p. 7. n. 3x , and all the synonyms of Hudson s verrucosa.

except Schxff. go. 91 , which are the Muscauus.

This is one of the Agarics which pofsefses all the parts pro-
perly belonging' to the genus, and the frosted appearance on the
pileus is probably the fragments of the wrapper. This species is
undoubtedly deleterious, vide J. B. iii. 826, where it is well dej
scribed ; also Haller hist. 2397, and Battar. p. 28, whose fig. and

description are excellent. „

Ag. plumbeus. Schxff. Ag* badius. FI. dan. Pastuies, ^ag-

baston, several together. "

i * j

Var. 2. Pileus very pale bluish lilac.

S chaff. 244.

Ag. byalinus. Schsff. Shady situations, Edgbaston Park.

Oct.

'ova’lis. Ag. Gills brownish white, 4 in a set: pileus cinnamon.

bofsed ; stem brownish white, cylindrical.

(Bull. 443, gives an idea of ity but the solid stem precludes it frot,
being the same.)

Gills fixed, brownish white, broad, the edge shaped like a bent1
bow, not very numerous, 4 in a set, the second seric?

1

CRYPT0GAM1A. FUNGI. Agaricns. Hollow and fixedi

White.

nearly as long as the first in the young plants, but the dif-
ference is greater as the growth advances.

’ileus convex, slightly bofsed, edge turned down, frequently
oval, red brown, paler at the border, sattiny, i to 3-5- inches
over. Flesh white.

>tem hollow, brownish white* cylindrical, but often somewhat
flattened, thicker towards the root, smooth, silky, not quite
central, 2 to 3* inches high, f to i an inch diameter. Root
bulbous.

Fir plantations at Barr, Staffordshire, and in Edgbaston Flan-
ations. Sept. Oct.

Var. 2. Stem rich cinnamon coloured like the pileus, and
urnished with a ring.

Specimen and drawing from Mr. Stackhouse.

Coplar Wood, Herefordshire. Mr. Stackhouse.

* ,

1

\g. Gills purplish greenish white, 4 in a set but irregular,
connected by threads to the pileus : pileus, edge
purplish, bofs reddish brown: stem purplish white.

(jILls fixed strongly to the stem, purplish white with a cast of
green, fleshy, not numerous, connected by ligaments to
the pileus, mostly 4 in a set, but very irregular, the long
ones sometimes splitting into 3 or 4 divisions at the outer
end. The gills of the second order often end at a distance
from the stem, whilst a bit of gill is found on the stem,
seemingly intended to meet the other.

’ileus convex, bofsed, very thin and semi-transparent at the
edge, turning up with age; central bofs pale reddish brown,
border darker brown with a purple tinge ; if to 2 inches
over.

Item hollow, partly filled with a light loose pith, whitish with a
purple tinge, smooth, 2 inches high, thick as a swan’s quill,
more or lefs bent, and sometimes swollen in the middle.

By the long stew, Edgbaston. 14th July, 1792.

\g* Gills whitish, numerous, 401* 8 in a set: pileus con-
vex, centre brown, edge blue : stem pale brown :
root large, bulbous.

jills slightly connected with the stem, nearly white, slightly
and irregularly serrated at the edges, the serratures most
obvious in the older plants, 4 or 8 in a set.

’ileus convex, brown in the centre, bluish at the edge, else-
where pale buff, or almost white, smooth, if to 2 inches
over.

0L3

purpura

sub-cier

5 CRYPTOG AMI A. FUNGI* Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed*

„ Brown.

Stem hollow, hut the hollow partly filled with loose pith, pale
brown, cylindrical, smooth, cottony at the base, 2 inches
high, thick as a goose quill. Root a large bulb, covered
with a white cottony substance, and dead leaves adhering
to it.

In some plants of smaller growth the edge of the pileus is
more turned in, giving a rounder shape to the whole of it, and
the purple tint is more equally diffused.

Plantations, Edgbaston. 31st Oct. 179c.

purpu'reus. Ag. (Bolt.) Gills white, 4 in a set: pileus purplish,

somewhat bofsed : stem cylindrical, purple.

Bolt.^i .B. -Bats ch. 20, very like our plant, but the stem thicker, and
. neither the drawing nor the description speak sufficiently to the

' structure .

Gills fixed, white or purplish white, 4 in d set, uneven at the
edge, moderately numerous, smaller series very small,
sometimes 1 wanting.

Pileus bluish white or purple, changing to yellow brown, gently
convex, or nearly flat, but always more or lets of a central l
bofs, turning up at the edge with age, smooth, % to 1 inchi
over.

Stem hollow, red purple,' cylindrical, thick as a crow quill, if
to 2 inches high. Curtain purplish,' composed of threads
like a cobweb, vanishing when the plant is yet young.

The purple colour of the stem is the same within 4s without;
that of the pileus is very evanescent. Notwithstanding the dif-
ference of size, &c. it may pofsibly be only a variety of the pre-
ceding species. .

Ag. purpureus. Bolt. Ag. janthmus, Batsch, Fii Plantations

at Barr* June 2b, 1792,

i

(2) Gills brown.

' «

*

liga'tus. Ag. Gills pale brown, 4 in a set, connected to the pileus

by ligaments : pileus pale brown, flat, bofsed : stem
pale brown.

Gills fixed, pale brown, 4 in a set, connected together and tc
the pileus by crofs threads.

Pileus pale brown, flat, bofsed, thin, centre deeper brown, iT
inch over. .

Stem hollow, pale brown, cylindrical, smooth, . 4 inches high^
thick as a crow quill.

ck Y PTOG AMI A . FUNGI, Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed*

Brown.

The whole plant semi-transparent, pale brown, white and
opake when dry. The threads or ligaments do not seem so much
formed for connecting the gills together as for strengthening their
union with the pileus and to keep them perpendicular to it.

Edgbaston Park. 17th Nov. 1790.

247

Ag, Gills pale brown, few, 2 or 4111 a set: pileus conical, parti'tus*
pale brown, sides plaited: stem whitish brown, split-
ting at the top.

Gills fixed, pale brown, not numerous, 2 or 4 in a set, the small
series being often absent, especially in the smaller plants.

Pileus mouse brown, paler with age, conical, pointed, sides
plaited, f inch from the base to the apex of the cone.

Stem hollow, pale brown, cylindrical, polished, splitting at the
* top, 3 to 4 inches high, thick as a thin crow quill.

1 This is a very delicate plant, the stem uniformly splits at the
top in all the specimens I have examined. The pileus always re-
tains its conical shape.

Edgbaston plantations, amongst mofs. Nov.

1 Var. 2. Gills regularly in pairs : stem white above, mouse
below; 2 inches high.

Edgbaston plantations. . Oct,

Ag. Gills light brown, broad : pileus dark red brown, pyramida'tus.
conical : stem white.

Schteff. 229.

Gills fixed, light brown, 4 in a set.

Pileus dark red brown, conical, the edge expanding, wrinkled,
near 1 inch from the base to the apex. Flesh thin, light
brown.

Stem hollow, whitish, i-§- inch high, thick as a raven’s quill.

Ag. fyramidatus, Schseff. In. Lord Aylesford’s park at Pack-

ington.

Ag. Gills pale brown, 4 in a set: pileus pale reddish fibro'sus^
brown, conical, smooth : stem white, splitting.

Gil Lis fixed, pale brown, 4 in a set, regular, rather numerous.

Pileus pale reddish brown, smooth, conical, more red at the
apex, 2 to 1 inch high.

Stem with a large hollow, white, rather tapering upwards, thick
as a goose quill, 3 to 4 inches high, splitting into 4, 5, or
more fibrous shreds, comprefsed towards the bottom, some-
times crooked.

*\

248

CRYPTOGAM I A. FUNGI. Agaric us. Hollow and Fixed .

Brown*

Perhaps only a var. of the preceding. Differs from the Ag.
arundinaceus of Bulliard in the white stem and the regular shaped
smooth and unstreaked pileus, as does also his plant from the
Ag. collinus of Schaeffer.

Grows in clusters. Edgbaston park. Sept.

'a

ocfo^o'nus. Ag. Gills pale brown, 4 in a set, but some in pairs and

much broader: pileus brown, convex octagonal.

Gills fixed, 4 in a set, but irregular, pale watery brown, white
at the edges. Besides the above, there are 8 pair of large
gills, thrice as broad as the common large ones, whose edges
approach and seem united in pairs, but as their attachment
to the pileus is at some distance from each other, and the
. lower edges incline so as to come in contact, if not to grow

to each other, there is necefsarily a considerable cavity in-
cluded between them. This cavity is sometimes empty,
but sometimes incloses a gill of the common size. The ex-
ternal appearance of these pairs of large gills is not unlike
a large seed of an orange.

Pileus pale watery brown, convex, ^-Sths of an inch over, the
edge formed into as many projecting angles as there are
pairs of the large gills described above.

Stem watery brown, with a small hollow, if inch high, thinner
than a crow quill,

Edgbaston, by the little Tool dam. 24th August.

' ] , J N

lacrima'lis. Ag. (Batsch.) Gills deep red brown, not numerous, 4 in

a set: pileus ochrey brown, scored, dimpled: stem
red brown.

Batsch. 8.

• *

Gills fixed, deep red brown, semi-transparent, not crowded, 4

in a set.

Pileus ochrey brown, scored at the sides, dimpled in the centre,
edge mostly turned down, f to 1 inch over.

Stem hollow, reddish brown, generally crooked, if to 2 inches
high, hardly so thick as a crow or a goose quill.

Ag. lacrimalis. Batsch. Hedge banks, Edgbaston old road.

Packington Park. . 27th Nov.

With 11s it grows to more than twice the size mentioned and

figured by Batsch ; the gills are sometimes dark brown, and the

flesh white.

t 1 ' ' -• 1 ' . *' • * ’ ’ *

Var. 2. Pileus conical : gills hanging below the edge of the

pileus. ' . • .

*

»

1

CRYPTOG AMIA. FUNGI. A emeus. Hollow and Fixed.

Brown.

Batsch. 7

Ag. lacrimalls . Grafs plats. July.

Var. 3. Stem shorter, thick as a goose quill : juice of the gills
'ike watery milk. Mr. Stackhouse.

Probably a distinct species.

] / J i 1 r

| 4 4 ....

Ag. (Batsch.) Gills reddish brown, 4 in a set : pilens circumsep'-
whitisli brown, scurfy, convex, dimpled : stem whit- tus*
ish brown, turned up at the base.

Batsch. g8f,

iGills fixed, reddish brown, 4 in a set, but the short ones very
imperfect from the edge of the pileus rolling in.

Pileus gently convex, whitish brown, scurfy, dimpled, edge at
first much bent inwards, but with age tearing and turning up.

Stem hollow, cavity very fine ; whitish brown, darker with age,
cylindrical, 2 to 2f inches high, thick as a raven quill.

Rooty the end of the stem thickened and a little turned up.

Fig. of Batsch too small, but he mentions in his description,

Which is very good, that the plant is sometimes much larger.

Ag . circumseptus. Batsch. Edgbaston in pasture lands.

v nth Oct. 1790.

Var. 2. Gills orange brown: pileus nearly semi-globular,
whitish brown, powdery: stem whitish brown.

Pileus nearly if inch over: stem if inch high.

In Packington Park, Warwickshire. Autumn.

Ag. Gills purplish brown, broad, thin : pileus light brown,
semi-globular : stem reddish brown.

•

3a lls fixed, purplish brown, very broad and thin, numerous.
Pileus light brown, nearly semi-globular, full 1 inch over.
Stem hollow, reddish brown, silky, smooth, twisting and splitting;
2f inches high; thick as a raven’s quill.

In Packington Park. Pofsibly a var. of the Ag. semi-globatus.

fusco-pur-

pu'reus.

Ag. (S cHjEFF.) Gills nut brown, 4 in a set, extending te'ner.
. below the edge of the pileus : pileus deep buff, blunt-
ly conical, dark brown at the edge : stem nut brown,
smooth, splitting.

Schcejf. jo-Bull. 535.1-and 403. B.C.fte the colours in the latter
paler than our specimens. )-So'werby 33 is Ag. coins .

248

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaric as. Hollow and Fixed .

Brown.

Perhaps only a var. of the preceding. Differs from the Ag.
arundinaceus of Bulliard in the white stem and the regular shaped
smooth and unstreaked pileus, as does also his plant from the
Ag. collinus of Schaeffer.

Grows in clusters. Edgbaston park. Sept.

*

octoo-o'nus. Ag. Gills pale brown, 4 in a set, hut some in pairs and
° much broader : pileus brown, convex octagonal. ;

Gills fixed, 4 in a set, but irregular, pale watery brown, white
at the edges. Besides the above, there are 8 pair of large
gills, thrice as broad as the common large ones, whose edges
approach and seem united in pairs, but as their attachment ,
to the pileus is at some distance from each other, and the
. lower edges incline so as to come in contact, if not to grow

to each other, there is necefsarily a considerable cavity in-
cluded between them. This cavity is sometimes empty,
but sometimes incloses a gill of the common size. The ex-
ternal appearance of these pairs of large gills is not unlike
a large seed of an orange.

Pileus pale watery brown, convex, 5-8ths of an inch over, the
edge formed into as many projecting angles as there are
pairs of the large gills described above.

Stem watery brown, with a small hollow, inch high, thinner
than a crow quill,

Edgbaston, by the little Pool dam. 24th August

lacrimu'lis. Ag. (Batsch.) Gills deep red brown, not numerous, 4 ii

a set: pileus ochrey brown, scored, dimpled : sten
red brown.

Batsch.S.

\

Gills fixed, deep red brown, semi-transparent, not crowded, 4
in a set.

Pileus ochrey brown, scored at the sides, dimpled in the centre
edge mostly turned down, ^ to 1 inch over.

Stem hollow, reddish brown, generally crooked, 1$ to 2 inch
high, hardly so thick as a crow or a goose quill.

Ag. la'crimalis. Batsch. Hedge banks, Edgbaston old road.

Packington Park. . 27th Nov.

With us it grows to more than twice the size mentioned and

figured by Batsch ; the gills are sometimes dark brown, and the

flesh white.

Var. 2. Pileus conical; gills hanging below the edge of the ,

cileus.

<■

1

CRYPTOG AMIA. FUNGI. Agaric us. Hollow and Fixed • 249

Brown.

Batsch . 7

Ag. lacr mails. Grafs plats. July.

Var. 3. Stem shorter, thick as a goose quill : juice of the gills
ike watery milk. Mr. Stackhouse.

Probably a distinct species.

Ag. (Batsch.) Gills reddish brown, 4 in a set : pileus circnmsep'-
whitish brown, scurfy, convex, dimpled : stem whit- tus.
ish brown, turned up at the base.

Batsch. 98-.

jiLLS fixed, reddish brown, 4 in a set, but the short ones very
imperfect from the edge of the pileus rolling in.

Pileus gently convex, whitish brown, scurfy, dimpled, edge at
, first much bent inwards, but with age tearing and turning up.

Item hollow, cavity very fine ; whitish brown, darker with age,
cylindrical, 2 to 2\ inches high, thick as a raven quilL
Rooty the end of the stem thickened and a little turned

Fig. of Batsch too small, but he mentis® 1 '

-vhich is very

Ag. (ScHjEFF.) Gills nut brown, 4 in a set, extending te'ner,
. below the edge of the pileus : pileus deep buff*, blunt-
ly conical, dark brown at the edge : stem nut brown,
smooth, splitting.

Schceff. 70- Bull. 535.1 -and 403 . B. C. (but the colours in the latter
paler than our specimens. )-Sowerby 33 Is Ag, coins.

2 fto fcR YPTOG AMI A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed,

t J

Brown.

Gills fixed slightly to the stem, rich nut brown, their extremi-
ties dipping below the edge of the pileus, not numerous, 4
in a set.

Pileus deep buff, edge dark brown, bluntly conical, smooth, f
inch from the base to the apex of the cone.

Stem hollow, nut brown, cylindrical, silky, smooth, splitting,
twisting, 3-j inches high, hardly so thick as a crow quill.

Ag. tener . Schosff. Ag. foraminulosus . Bull. Edgbaston, the
farther plantation, amongst grafs and mofs. 31st Oct. 1790.

xvlophil'lus Ag* Gibs brown, broad, 4 in a set : pileus rich nut brown,

' J 1 1 semi-globular: stem rich brown, crooked.

Bull. 530. 2.L.M.2.

-

Gills fixed, brown, 4 in a set, broad.

Pileus rich nut-brown, semi-globular, 1 to if inch over, the
edge turned in.

St em hollow, rich brown, pal£r upwards, crooked, about if inch
long ; thick as a raven’s quill.

Ag. xylophillus. Bull. In clusters on an Alder stump at the
tail of the great popl in Edgbaston Park, in a very wet place.

August.

chocola'tus. Ag. Gills rich dark brown, mottled, 4 or 8 in a set : pileus

pale yellow brown, convex, boised : stem pale brown.,

Gills fixed, rich chocolate colour, numerous, mottled, 4 or 8 in

a set. . ' '

Pileus pale yellow brown, convex, bofsed, if to 2 inches fromi
the edge to the apex; smooth, fibrous. Flesh thin, yellow
white.

Stem hollow, pale brown, scurfy, gently tapering upwards, bul-
bous at the base, splitting; from 4 to 6 inches high, 3-iOths
to f inch diameter.

Curtain fugacious, but leaving a stain on the stem, and fring-
ing the edge of the pileus.

In clusters amongst grafs, at Edgbaston. Sept.

fusco-fia'vus Ag. Gills dark cinnamon, 4 in a set : pileus brown yellow,

convex, bofsed, edge turned down : stem brown yel->
low, splitting.

S chaff. 4.

Gills fixed, full cinnamon, broad but not very numerous* 4 in i
set, regular.

CRYPTOG AMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed.

Brown.

Pileus convex, brown yellow, sattiny, a small pointed bofs in
the centre, edge dipping down, if to 2 inches over.

Stem hollow, brownish yellow, white below, sattiny, cylindrical,
comprefsed, splitting, 2 to 4 inches high, f inch diameter,
or more.

Sometimes the pileus is dimpled and scurfy, and the long gills
are much broader than the others. These differences seem chiefly
to take place when the plants attain a larger size, viz. the stem
from 3 to 5 inches high, and the pileus 3 or 4 inches over.

Schseffer’s name cannot properly be retained, but our plant
exactly corresponds with his figure, which has repeatedly been
considered as the Ag. cinnamomeus of Linnaeus' Mr. Bolton seems
to be the first who has discovered that plant in this kingdom, and
has figured it extremely well in his appendix.

Ag. croceus. Schseff. Pastures, Edgbaston. 17th Oct. 1790.

Var. 2. Pileus regularly convex: stem short, thin, with a
‘slender hollow.

Gills fixed, ochrey brown, 4 in a set, moderately numerous.

Pileus regularly convex, pale buff, darker in the centre, i f to
2 inches over.

Stem hollow, brownish, cylindrical, splitting, 1^ inch high,
thick as a crow quill ; the hollow very fine.

On a flower bed in the garden, Edgbaston. 23d Aug. 1792,

- . ■ . ... ,f • *r, "

Ag. Gills red chesnut, 2 or 4 in a set : pileus chesnut, vulpPnlis#
small, flattish, dimpled: stem fox-colour.

Gills fixed, chesnut-colour, firm, 4 in a set,* long ones about 30.

Pileus chesnut, flattish, dimpled, turning up with age, f or %
of an inch over.

Stem hollow, the perforation very fine, tgwny or fox-colour,
firm, fleshy, 2 to 4 inches high, thick as a swan’s quill.

The almost uniform dead foxy-colour, the sinallnefs, flatnefsj
and thinnefsof the pileus, compared with the length, the firmnefs,
and the thicknefs of the stem, give this plant a very singular ap-
pearance, but I have not found any figure resembling it.

Several together, seemingly from one common root, amongst
tnofs; Edgbaston. nth Oct. 1790.

Var. 2. Gills in pairs, long ones about 50: pileus convex,
not dimpled, very small: stem club-shaped, greatly tapering up-
wards.

Edgbaston plantations. Aug. — Oct.

Ac. Gills purplish brown: pileus bluish, center brown : ferruginas'-
stem pale blue. • pens.

Ui

CRYPTOGAMIA. fungi, a garicus. Hollow and Fixed*

Brown.

Batch 187.

Gills fixed, regular, 4 in a set in the smaller, 8 in the larger
plants, brownish with a beautiful cast of purple.

Pileus bluish, biowner in the centre, convex, the edge turned
' in, from 1 to inches over. Flesh purplish.

Stem hollow, pale blue, ©r whitish, fromi to f inch diameter,
2 to 4 \ inches high, club-shaped at the base.

Curtain cobweb-like fibres extending from the stem to the
edge of the pileus.

Ar.ferruginascens. Batsch. Red rock plantation* Edgbaston.
** 0 Sept.

Ilvp'ni. Ag. (Batsch.) Gills cinnamon, 4 in a set, long ones
' ^ * about 15: pileus reddish brown, conical : stem cylin-

drical, fox-coloured, shining.

Batsch . 96.

Gills fixed, cinnamon colour, 4 in a set, long ones about 15.
Pileus uniform reddish orown, conical, blunt, rather scored,
1 -8th to F of an inch over.

Stem hollow, but pithy, cylindrical, shining, tawny or fox-
colour, i to if inch high, not thicker than a pin.

Ag. Hypni. Batsch. Amongst mofs. Oct.

lacinia'tus. Ag. Gills brown, very broad, ragged at the edges, 4 in a

sett pileus light brown, semi-globular • stem white,

tapering downwards.

Gills slightly fixed to the top of the stem, brown, ragged at the
edges, very broad, filling up the hollow of the pileus, 4 in

a set

Pileus light brown, semi-globular, smooth, 1 to 2 inches ovei*

Flesh white. . i‘ .

Stem hollow, white, tapering downwards, if to 2 inches high,

thick as a goose quill.

Edgbaston Park. 15th Oct. 1790.

crena'tus, Ag. Gills red brown, 8 in a set, the large ones broad and

serrated • pileus cool brown, sattiny, scolloped at the

edge i stem pale brown.

Bull. 526, the hollow stemmed figures very like it, but the
gills appear to be loose. v ;

Gills slightly fixed, red brown, 8 in a set, the large ones broad,
irregularly serrated at the edges ; the smaller ones very
minute.

)

*

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricu?. Hollow and Fifed. 2^3

Brown. •

Pileus cool brown, very sattiny, convex, with a point in the
centre which soon changes to a hollow from the expansion
and turning up of the pileus, but the very edge constantly
turns down. From 1 to if inch diameter, and often cracked
from the edge to the centre. Flesh very thin.

§T em hollow, pale polished brown, thick as a crow or a goose
quill, if inch high; often flatted.

Plantations at Edgbaston. Aug.

. ' ' 1 . ■ .

Ag. (Linn.) Gills greyish brown, 4 or 8 in a set: pileus clypea'tus*
pale brown, convrex, bofsed, viscid : stein white,
viscid.

Bolt. sj-Schceff. 52./. 7. 8. g, the stem and the lofs more coloured
than ours~Battar.2^.E.

1

Gills fixed slightly to the stem, greyish watery brown, 4 or 8 in
a set.

Pileus brown, convex, bofsed, border scored, very viscid, so that,
flies lighting upon it cannot escape, paler in colour when
, this viscid matter is rubbed off, 1 to if inch over.

Stem hollow, white, viscid, tender, easily broken, splitting, 3 or
4 inches high, thick as a crow quill.

Ag. stipitatus, pileo hemisphxrico sordido : umbilico promi-
nente, lamellisalbis, stipite longo cylindraceo albo. Fl.Suec. 1216.

Pileus hemispherical, generally with a pointed bofs, viscid.

Gills. white, not hollow underneath, their sides sprinkled with a
dark coloured powder. Stem cylindrical, long, slender, white.

Linn.

There is some doubt whether we are right in considering this
Species as the same with the clypeatus of Linnaeus. He says the
gills are white , but then the circumstance of their being dusted
with a dark coloured powder may give them the colour we have
described. He refers to Haller enum 41.35, where Haller de-
scribes them as very white; in every other respect his description
applies exactly to our plant, and he refers at 2388 of his Hist.

Helv. to the same figures which we have foundto correspond with
ours. — This in many respects resembles the Ag. varius , but the
elastic firm and wiry stem of that, is very different from the ten-
der texture of this. Mr. Stac kho use.

Ag. galericulatus . Schseff. Ag. clypeatus . Bolt. Plantations in
pdgbaston Park. 5th Sept.

Var. 2. Gills darker brown: pileus powdery.

Pileus white and powdery, but the powder easily failing off,
shews a reddish brown ground.

\

I

\

254

CRYPTOGAM I A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed »

• Brown.

V

t

This is larger than the preceding, the diame
being sometimes more than 2 inches, the stem G
as thick as a goose quill.

Packington Park, Warwickshire.

ter of the pileus
inches long, and

Autumn.

fimi-pu'tris. Ac. (Bull.) Gills dark brown to black, 4 or 8 in a set :

pileus pale brown, conical, blunt, apex polished :

stem white.

Bull. 66, (very exact , but the stemmore coloured than ours.)

Gills fixed, dark brown changing to black and liquefying, nu-
merous, mostly 4, but in the full expansion of the largei

plants, 8 in a set. „ j

Pileus pale dead brown, conical, blunt, apex more or letssmootli
J and polished, sides a little streaked, thin, semi-transparent,

1 to 2 inches from the edge to the top of the cone and as
much in diameter at the base, forming an equilateral tri-
angle.

Stem hollow, silvery white, splitting, cylindrical, 2 to 5 inches
high, thick as a raven's quill. Top of the pileus sometimes
slightly tinged of a chesnut colour.

Jlg.jimiputris. Bull. In gardens. Oct,

Var. 2. Gills 4 in a set : pileus grey to black.

Bolt. 66. 1.

In all other respects similar to the above, but not more than
half the size.

Amongst rotten oak leaves on grafs land. Uct*

Var. 3. Gills chocolate brown to black, mpttled, in pairs:
pileus mouse-colour, conical, pointed : stem mouse, cylindrical,
firm.

Gills fixed, dark brown, mottled, turning black, in pairs.
Pileus conical, pointed, mouse-coloured, sleek and sattiny, ^

1 inch from the base to the apex of the cone.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, firm, mouse-colour, darker below, 3
to 6 inches high, thick as a crow quill.

Curtain extremely delicate and fugacious, for a short time

fringing the edge of the pileus.

This, though one of our most common, and when in per-
fection a beautiful species, does not appear to be figured by any
one. In a fine summer morning it is covered with a bloom like
that on a plumb, frequently with a glittering spangled appearance,
which, aided by the regularity of its form and the delicate fringe
of the curtain, make it an object wrhich the eye contemplates
with pleasure. When gathered, the top of the stem is apt to

*

SRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed.

Brown.

bend at a right angle, so that the apex of the cone points horizon-
tally. The bloom soon vanishes, and the whole turns black in
jecay. In its general habit and the firmnefs of its stem, it ap-
proaches the Ag. varius.

Ag. varius. Bolt. Grafs plats and new mown fields, July.

Var. 4. Gills grey to blue black, 4 or 8 in a set: pileus coni-
:al, pale brown, apex chesnut : stem dark mulberry, cylindrical.

Schaff. 202.

Gills slightly fixed ; grey to blue black, numerous, 4 or 8 in a
set.

Pileus pale brown, conical, scored, apex reddish, polished, f
inch from the edge to the point of the cone.

Item hollow, cylindrical, dark blackish red or mulberry colour,
stiff, juicy, 3 to 4 inches high, thick as as crow quill.

The peculiarities of this variety were probably occasioned by
.he watery situation in which it grew.

* Ag. morns . Bot. arr. ed. if. In wret gravel wrhere no grafs
*rows, by the side of the Horse Stew, in Edgbaston Park, under
i large oak tree. Oct. 1791.

Sometimes on cowdung, and when protected by longgrafs the
;tem is covered with a white hoarinefs which readily rubs off,
ind the remains of the curtain forms a beautiful festoon round the
:dge of the pileus. When very young the gills are brown, but
hey soon change to dark grey and become mottled.

Ag. (Sch,eff.) Gills pale brown, 4 in a set: pileus pale melleus
buff, centre deeper, rather conical: stem whitish,
crooked: curtain fugacious.

o

Schtfff. 45.

2ills fixed by small claws to the stem, pale watery brown, 4 in
a set.

’ileus buff in the centre, paler towards the edge, rather conical,
edge turned in, smooth, clammy, 2 inches over. Flesh yel-
low white.

item hollow, whitish, scurfy and brown below, cylindrical,
crooked, 2 to 3 inches high, thick as a small goose quill.
Curtain white, tender, not leaving a ring.

Grows in clusters, with a large root extending horizontally,

nd fixed to fragments of rotten wood.

Ag. melleus. Schasff. Edgbaston plantations, 21st August,

&

Var. 2. Pileus chesnut colour.

CilYPTOGAMIA, FUNGI, Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed

Brown,

I venture to place this here, but wish the author had been
more explicit either in his figure or in his description.

. Ag. castaneus. Bolt.

Var. 3. Pileus darker coloured and deprefsed in the centre:
stem ligh? buff, crooked, varying from the thicknefs of a goose
quill to that of a swallow.

On rotten wood about Packington, Warwickshire.

Ag. Gills pinky pale brown, 8 in a set 2 pileus pale brown,
convex, bofsed: stem white, cylindrical, smooth.

Bull. 518. f. F.

Gills fixed, pinky white when young, changing when expanded
to a brownish flesh colour, thin, numerous.

Pileus conical when young, nearly flat when old, always bofsed,
slightly scored, uneven at the edge, very thin and semi-
transparent, the pale dead brown when rubbed getting a
pinky cast : from 1 to inches over. .

Stem hollow, white, cylindrical, smooth, splitting, from if to 4
inches high, from i-8th to ^-Sths diameter. Neither cur-
tain nor ring. „ , . .

Growing in clusters, and like most of tne clustered Agarics,

varying very much in size. tic.

AgTfistulosus. Bull. Edgbaston Milking-bank. July— Sept.

Var. 2. Gills pinky brown, 4 or 8 in a set: pileus very pale
buff, nearly flat : stem with a little loose pith in the hollow.

Batsch. 1 11, (but the pileus In our plants paler and flatter.)
Gills fixed, fleshy brown colour, with a purplish tinge at the
edges when shedding the seed, 4 8 in a set.

Pileus nearly flat, with a gently raised bofs, buffy white at the
border; nwe huffy in the centre; a little cracking and
wrinkled at the edge, 1 to if inch ovei. Flesh very thin,

white. .... ..... ,

St em hollow, with more or lefs pith, white, cyhnducal, smooth,

oi inches high, thick as a crow or raven quill.

The stem is much taller in proportion to the size of the pileus

than in the preceding.

In clusters on rotten wood. Get. Apnl. .

* Var. 3. Gills 4 in a set : pileus nearly white, hemispherical,,
transparent: stem white.

Bolt. 1 1 .

Gills fixed, white with a faint reddish brown tinge, black in'
decay ; thin, flexible, broad, distant, 4 in a set.

I

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed. 257

Red.

Pileus white, hemispherical, never turning up, sometimes waved
at the edge, membranaceous, thin, 1^ to 2 inches over.

Stem hollow, white, readily splitting, 2 or 3 inches high, thick
as a swan's quill. Bolton. — Entirely without flesh. Mr.

Woodward.

Ag. membranaceus. Bolt. Shady woods on the decaying roots of
fallen oak trees. [Not uncommon. Mr. W oodward.]

Ag. Gills pale brown, 4 in a set, few : pileus rich buff, virida'rius*
convex : stem pale buff, cylindrical.

Scheeff. 226.

Gills fixed, pale brown, 4 in a set, long ones not more than 16.

Pileus rich buff, regularly convex, smooth, % inch over. Flesh
yellowish.

Stem hollow, the cavity pretty much filled with a white pith;
pale buff, cylindrical, smooth, 1 inch long, thinner than a
crow quill. Root a knob.

Has none of the powdery matter on the pileus mentioned by
Schaeffer, but that is probably a very transitory appearance. The
hollow in the stem is uniformly filled with a white pith, the sur-
rounding flesh having a yellow cast. This pith does not appear
in Schaeffer's figure, therefore I suppose it is not always found so
fully to occupy the hollow.

Ag* gulverulen tus. SchtefF. Grafs plats, but not very common,

Aug.

/

«•

(3) Gills red. v

Ag. (Linn.) Gills deep tawny red, broad about the mid- cinnamo'-
dle,4 in a set : pileus rich cinnamon, convex, some- meus.
what bofsed : stem yellow.

Bolt. 1 50. (not Sch<ejf. t. 4.)

G;7/.r tawny red. Pileus convex, but flatted, often with a cen-
tral rise ; colour of leather, or of a chesnut. Stem yellowish,
naked, long. It is readily distinguished by its cinnamon colour*

Linn. — Not Haller n. 2432, nor Ray syn. 5. n. 23, nor Huds.

G15. n. ig. — Gills a glowing reddish yellow. Pileus yellowish
snuff colour, clothy to the touch. Stem bright yellow, fleshy,
thicker at bottom. So well described by Linnaeus that it is sur-
prising it has not been since observed. These observations ac-
companied by a beautiful drawing of the plant by Mr, Stackhouse.

Vql. IV. — R

?.g CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed,

~y Red.

Gills fixed by claws, which break as the pileus attains its fullest
expansion, deep tawny red, broadest in the middle, uneven
at the edge, not crowded.

Pileus rich cinnamon, convex, the edge turned down, and
curled in; in its state of greatest expansion flat, the central
bofs small, pointed ; diameter i-£ to 3f inches.

Stem hollow, fine full yellow, cylindrical, generally crooked,
sometimes in old plants flatted, 3 inches high, silky, shin-
ing, thick as a goose quill.

Ag- cinnamomeus . Bolt. Plantations belonging to Mr. Pear-
son at Tettenhall, Staffordshire. July, 1792. — Pendarvis, Corn-
wall. Mr. Stackhouse.

rubigino’sus Ag. Gills red: pileus whitish to brownish bufl : stem

white, changing to purplish brown.

Gills fixed, but frequently separating from the stem as the plant
comes to maturity ; rich pinky red to cinnamon ; 4 in a
set, numerous, very narrow, paler when young.

Pileus whitish when young, brownish buff when old and crack-
ing ; bluntly conical, f to 1 inch diameter, thin and semi-
transparent.

Stem hollow, 2 to 3^ inches high, thick as a crow’s quill; white
when young, but changing to purplish brown. Root rather
bulbous. Flesh white.

On cowdung ; Edgbaston. 12th Oct. 1793.

• • 1 •.

ro'seus. Ag. (Bull.) G ills rose red, 2 to 4 in a set, connected by

crofs threads : pileus rose red, bofsed : stem pale rose,

Full. 162.

Gills fixed slightly to the stem, delicate rose or peach bjofsom
colour, not numerous, 4 in a set, but the shorter series
often wanting, large gills in the larger plants as if bitten
at the ectees : all of "them connected by crofs threads or
ligaments.

Pileus blofsom or pale rose colour, convex, bofsed, scored at the
sides, edge ragged, turning up with age and changing to
yellow brown, from-£ to i-§- inch over.

Stem hollow, pale rose colour, firm, splitting, cylindrical, smooth,
2 to 4 inches high, from 1 -8th to 3-8ths of an inch diameter.

Ag. incnmatus. Relhan. suppl. ii. n. 1092. Ag, tosc-us . Bull.
Plantations, Edgbaston. Nov. 1790.

Var. 2. Gills fleshy: pileus brown buff inclining to rose,
bofs darker, smooth, sides ribbed : stem pale rose or yellowish,
white at the top.

X

rh

3RYPT0GAMIA. FUNGI* Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed, 259

Red*

: •

Ag\ rubella $. Sclueff*. Bottom of stumps. Nov.

Van 3. Gills pale pink changing to grey : stem flattened,
silvery white: root long, taper, brown, wooddy.

The stem is hollow, but when old the hollow is filled with a
beautiful white pith like flofs silk. Pilcus watery brown*

Packington Park, Warwickshire.

Ag. Gills pale red, mostly 4 in a set: pilcus brick red: rubecun'dus.
stem brown red ; root a knob.

jr 1 l ls fixed, pale red, not numerous, generally 4 in a set, but the
short gills often wanting.

Tleus pinky fed, or brick dust colour, Sometimes powdered over
with white; conical, flatted at top; 1 to 2 inches over.

|)TE.m hollow, brownish red, crooked, thick as a goose quill.

Root rather bulbous.

Farther plantations, and by the side of a gravel walk, Ed<*-
>aston. 4th Sept. 1 792.

\g* (Cur ns.) Gills lilac, 4 ^r 8 in a set: pileiis blue, seruginc/sus*
changing to brown yellow, convex, bofsed : stem
bluish.

Curt. 309, excellent , (but not Hudson s viridis which has iohite

gills y nor yet Micheli 152, albi et virides , 2, which has a white

stem a/so.J—Scha-Jf. 1 .—Bolt, 1 43 » a very large specimen.

ills fixed, numerous, rich lilac colour, 4 in a set in the small,

8 in the large plants.

’ileus convex, bofsed, blue, slimy, 1 to 3 inches over; border
turning up when old.

Item hollow, bluish, white at the top, nearly cylindrical, i£to
2 2 inches long; lower part covered with a thin bluish
green skin. Curtain white, delicate, fringing with its
fragments the border of the pileus, and forming a ring on,
the stem, but not a very permanent one.f Root conical,
thicker than the stem, growing to rotten wood.

The. blue colour of the pileus seems, resident in the slimy mat-
er upon it, and this being laid oh a yellow ground, produces a
jreenish cast.

f In the Autumn of 1788, in several hundred specimens, I never found
ue that had a ring on the stem, but the following year, almost every one
kick occurred had this distinguishing mark. Major Vslu&y.

R 2

2 6o

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed*

Red.

•

Ray Syn. p. 6. n. 30. Ag. viridulus . Schaeff. 4^* cyaneus .
Bolt. Rookery, Edgbaston. Not uncommon in woods. Mr.

Stackhouse. Earsham wood, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.

Sept. Oct.

Var. 2, Gills 4 in a set : pileus pale blue, pointed : stem en-
tirely white.

A small specimen, perhaps only different from having grown
shaded by a large plant of the Ag. Listeri. Var. 1. 31st Oct.

Var. 3. Gills regularly 4 in set, without crofs threads : pileus
conical : stem white.

Gills fixed, few, regularly 4 in a set, peach blofsom colour.
Pileus conical, pointed, blofsom colour, uneven at the edge.
Stem hollow, beautifully white, 2f inches high, % of an men
diameter.

Edgbaston, by the stews, amongst grafs; rare.

a 27th Oct. 1790..

These plants are semi-transparent, tender and brittle. I think
Mr. Bulliard mistakes in saying the gills are looses they only be-
come so when the pileus turns up as the plant approaches its de-
cay, and then they are torn from the stem. His reference to
Schaeffer, t. 75, is certainly erroneous, for that is Ag. integer.

£s'sus. Ag. Gills pale red, broad, 4 in a set: pileus convex,
scurfy : stem streaked.

Gills fixed, salmon coloured, broad, not numerous, rather fleshy

irregularly 4 in a set. . . .

Pileus convex, or bluntly conical, buff with a pink) i£J§e-
scurfy, streaked at the edge, if to 2f inches over, tlesr

hardly any. , ^ ,

Stem hollow, streaked, reddish brown buff, cylindrical or com.

prefsed, 4 or 5 inches high ; thick as a goose quill.

Woods at Edgbaston. eP*

Var. 2. Pileus dusky olive, conical, brown at the top : sterr

grey.

Bolt. 35.

Gills fixed, thin, flexible, of a colour between carnation an

Pileus striated at the edge, bluntly conical, i to 2 inches
Stem hollow, pale grey, but closely examined appears have fan
• longitudinal stripes of a mouse colour and silky w hit
ternately; frequently splits throughout its wnole lengt,
the edges of the divided parts, rolling in so as to give u

t

I

fCR YPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed.

Purple.

♦ Z'

appearance of 2 stems supporting one pileus ; 4 or 3 inches
high, thick as a goose quill. Bolton.

Woods about Halifax.

26

(4) Gills purple.

Ag. Gills purple, few, brittle, 4 in a set : pileus purple,
convex : stem purple, cylindrical, brittle.

Boll.63 ; and 4:

Gills fixed, fleshy, few, deep rich purple, 4 in a set.

Pile us convex, waved at the edge, turning up with age and losing
its colour ; 1^ to 2f inches over.

Stem hollow, purple changing to brown ; 2 to 3 inches high, £
of an inch diameter, splitting.

Ag. amethyst inns. Bolt, but that name was pre-occupied.
Mr. Bolton’s name for pi. 4, he himself discovered to have orim-
pated in a mistake.

! * Var. 2. Whole plant of a dirty brownish flesh colour.

Bolt. 64.

Mr. Bolton thinks this the same as his pi. 63, and says he
inds no distinction between them except in colour . If so, the
lifsections have been made carelefsly, for the gills in this are
jiawn remarkably distant from the stem , whilst in pi. 4, and pi.
63, they are drawn as fixed to the stem. Perhaps however he is
right, and the difsected figure may have been drawn from a
plant in a weak or decaying state, when the gills may have sepa-
rated from the stem. I suspect that the whole plant was in a dis-
eased state.

Ag. farinaceus. Bolt. Moist woods, on steep rocks. Pack-
ington I^rk. Red Rock Plantation, Edgbaston. Aug. — Nov.

Jivido-pur-

pu'reus.

(5) Gi lls yellow.

Ag. (Lightfoot.) Gills yellow, fleshy, 8 in a set : pileus auran'tius«
conical, orange, edge uneven : stem yellow, splitting.

Curt. 308-Schcejf. 2-Bull. 50, and 524. ^-Bolt.6y.2-Tourn. 327.

A. B. C.-Fl. dan. 833 -Batsch. 28.

Ag. stipitatus, pileo convexo, lamellis basi mucrone dentatis. *

Linn. Gills pale yellow, angular at the base. Pileus deeper
yellow, smooth, edge bent inwards. FI. suec. 1206. See Ag. psit-
:acinus ; note at the bottom of the page.

R 3

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed,

Y EL LOW.

Gills fixed slightly to the stern, paler or deeper yellow, thick,
fleshy, not numerous, irregular, 4 or 8 in a set, long ones

about 30 or 40.

Pileus conical, sattiny, glutinous, bright red or orange, or pale
yellow ; brownish, and even black with age ; the colour
remaining longest at the edge j shape 11 regulai , sometimes
bofsed, edge always uneven, soon cracking and turning up,

4 to if inch from the base to the apex oi the cone. Flesh
yellow, tender, brittle.

Stem hollow, pithy, pale yellow to deep saffron, streaked,^ or ten
flatted or twisted, splitting, 1 to 3 inches high, i to o inch
diameter.

Act. dentatus. Limn. Huds. But I still retain the name given
it by°Mr. Lightfoot, because we have long been accustomed t'o
afsociate it with the plant, and it is also more obviously chaiac
teristic than that of Linnaeus.

Ag. conicus. Schaeff. Ag. crocsus. Bull. Ag. auranhus. Bolt.
A<r. luxuriant. Batsch. Ag. conicus. FI. dan. Edgbaston Park,
plentiful on a grafsy bank sloping to the East. Bungay Common,
frequent. Mr. Woodward. Covers upland pastures and downs,
near Bath. In woods and long grafs the stem grows taller. Mr.
Stackhouse. J'une ^ct.

Var. 2. Pileus deep crimson: stem carmine colour: gills 4
in a set.

Bull. ^0.2-Sch£jf.2.f. 6, nearly represents it.

Bulliard’s Ag. scarlatin. is larger than our specimens, which
are generally smaller than var. 1. Amongst short grafs and
mok. Very small, glofsv, highly coloured ; growing on com-
mons amongst short grais. YV oolhope, Herefordshire ; Clowance,
Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse. Bulliard’s 598. 1. seems also to
Fc the same.

Var. Gills few, pale green, whitish at the edges, 4 in a set,
but irregular: pileus green, changing to yellow brown, convex,
bofsed, irregular: stem green above, yellow below.

Gills fixed, dilute ^reen, pale yellowish brown, or whitish to-
wards the edges, 4 in a set, but the smaller series veiy 11 le-
gular, sometimes absent, sometimes 2 in a place ; large

ones about 30. -

Pileus convex, bolsed, irregular, border scored, tuining up
with age, green when young, changing to a varying mix-
ture of brownish yellow and green, t to ip inch over.
Stem hollow, cylindrical, splitting, greenish upwards, yellowish
below, it inch high, thick as a raven quill. _

The whole plant semi-transparent, and so slippery with slime.;
that it is with difficulty retained between the nngeis.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed. 26 3

• Yellow.

Edgbaston Park, by the stews ; not frequent. 21st Oct. 1790.

Var. 4. Gills loose, pinky, fleshy, 4 ill a set; pileus pale
pink : stern pinky.

Gills loose, pinky, fleshy, brittle, not numerous, in contact
with, but not fixed to the stem, 4 in a set.
i Pileus pale pink, conical, pointed, edge irregular and uneven,
almost clasping the stem when young, turning up with
age and cracking entirely through to the very centre;
height of the cone 1 inch. Flesh thin, pinky.

Stem hollow, white with a pinky tinge, cylindrical, but flatted,

• often cracking through its whole length on one or both
sides, and the edges at the cracks turning in so as to give
the appearance of two stems united together; 1 to 2 inches
high, j of an inch diameter.

Pastures, Edgbaston, by the long stew in the Park, on land
sloping to the North East. . 14th Oct.

Var. 5, Gills loose, yellow, 2, 3, or 4 in a set: pileus and
stem pinky.

The smallest gills are very minute, and frequently wanting.

On the same sloping ground as the preceding. 2 2d July.

The Ag. aurantius is the strongest exception I have met with
to the present mode of arranging the genus. The two last varie-
ties undoubtedly belong to the aurantius, any of the plates of
which will give a good idea of them, if the colours, and the cir-
cumstances of the gills were changed. Perhaps the gills in an
earlier stage of growth may be found attached to the stem ; and
as to colour, this species is unusually sportive. To prevent em-
barrafsment I shall introduce them as exceptions to the general
distribution; and what system exists without its exceptions. On
further examination I am satisfied that the gills are all fixed to the
Stem, though in some of the varieties only by a slender thread-
like substance which breaks as the pileus expands. All thcrse
varieties turn black in decay.

Ag. (Wulfen.) Gills pale yellow, in pairs: pileus deep ccra'ceus,
yellow, hemispherical, smooth : stem deep yellow,
cylindrical.

* s

Sower by 20-Wulfen , in Jacq. wise. 15. ii. 2.

Ag. stipitatus ; pileo hemispherico stipiteque subfistuloso flavis:
amellis aquose luteolis. Wulfen.

Dills fixed, yellow, 4 in a set, not crowded, broad.

Pileus convex, dry, deep yellow, of an inch over, flat, and
turning up with age.

264

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed*

Yellow.

Stem with a fine hollow, yellow, thick as a crow or raven quill,
full one inch high, 2-ioths diameter. Flesh yellow.

The whole plant of a tender texture and semi-transparent.

Dry pastures, Edgbaston. Sept,

psittaci'nus. Ag. (Sch^eff.) Gills bright yellow, 4 in a set: pileus

fine green and rich buff, bluntly conical : stem green.

Scht?ff.$oi-Battar.2 1 .£.

Gills fixed slightly to the stem, full bright yellow, 4 in a set;
long gills about 21 ; edge scolloped, but without any par-
ticular pointed tooth at the base.*f*

Pileus bluntly conical, rich buff, border when young beautiful-
ly green, viscid, paler with age and the edge turning up, t
of an inch over.

Stem hollow, beautifully green, smooth, slimy, tender, splitting,
i inch high, thick as a crow quill. When old the green
on the upper part remains, whilst the lower becomes yellow.

The whole plant viscid and slimy. The green colour here
seems, as in the Ag. <eruginosusy to be contained in the slimy coat-
ing, which being laid on a golden ground acquires such an un-
usual brilliancy. It wears or washes from the central and pro-
jecting part of the pileus and then shews the yellow ground, but
it remains longest on the upper part of the stem, because theie
protected by the shelter the pileus affords.

Ag. psitt acinus. SchxfF. Pool dam, and the Red Rock plan-
tation in Edgbaston Park. Aug. Sept.

Var. 2. Pileus ruby red, centre yellowish: stem ruby red,,
yellowish at the base.

j - *

f Schaeffer, and after him, our English authors, have supposed this to be
the Ag. dentatus of Linnaeus, but it can hardly be so, as he points out the.
following particulars in his plant which do not exist in ours 44 Gills with a
“ tooth at the base, separating from the stem? their edges broad, sab-villose
4b or mealy. Pileus convex, border bent in. Stem scored towards the top;.
44 growing in clusters.”— My opinion is well supported by the following re-
marks of Major Velley 44 Schaeffer is of opinion that his Ag. psittacinus and
Ag. coccineus. t. 301 — and 302, are both described by Linnaeus under the tri-
vial name dentatus. If. this is the fact, has not the great naturalist formed
his specific character with lefs precision than usual, since there are other
Agarics more obviously dentated than the above, particularly than the coccincus
302, which in Schaeffer's table does not shew the indented character ? I have
frequently found the Ag coccineus of Schaeffer, but do not recollect to have
observed the teeth, and if they were observable, in an Agaric so remarkable
in its colour and habit, they might haye been noticed in the general descrip-
tion of the plant, while its more obvious distinctions should have furnished
its trivial name.’’

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed.

Y ELLOW.

Schecff. 302. (excellent.)

Gills fixed, yellow, fleshy, 4 in a set.

Pile u s convex, flatted, bright ruby red, but the centre more
tawny and with age the yellow cast spreads towards the
edge ; if inch over. Flesh yellow or tawny.

Stem, the hollow very fine, but soon enlarging by the shrinking
of the spongy flesh, red above, tawny or yellow below,
splitting, nearly cylindrical, if inch high, thick as a large
swan’s quill.

The Gills are always yellow at first, but as the plant grows
older the ruby tinge of the pileus pervades them, leaving them
only yellow at the edges. .

Ag . dent at us of Huns, and Relhan. Dr. Sibthorpe refers Ray.
Syn. 7. 33. to this plant, and it may be so, but Ray describes his
Agaric as becoming inverted and forming when old a funnel-
shaped pileus, but the brittle texture of the plant before 11s will
‘scarcely admit of such an inversion; it cannot even become fiat
without cracking.

Red Rock plantation, Edgbaston. od Oct. 1794.

'Ag. Gills pale yellow, 4 01*8 in a set: pileus pale^yellow:
convex, smooth : stem yellow, slender, smooth.

Gills fixed, brimstone yellow, numerous, narrow, 8 in a set.
Pileus pale yellow, convex, rather conical, nearly flat when
fully expanded, f to f of an inch diameter.

§tem hollow, the tube very slender, yellow, polished, thick as a
crow quill, f to if inch high ; often crooked.

The whole plant of a delicate pale yellow ; it grows in clusters.
Under the horizontal wooden door of a wine vault, Edgbaston.

Sept.

Var. 1. Gills pale yellow, 4 in a set : pileus pale yellow, co-
pical, smooth; stem dusky white.

s Bolt. 71.1.

' %

Gills fixed by a fine point.

Pileus glutinous, bell-shaped, pale dusky yellow, hardly f inch

c £igh*

pTEM hollow, dusky white, 1 inch high, thicknefsofa thin crow
quill. Whole plant tender, watery, pellucid, wrapped in
a soft downy covering when very young. Bolton.

Ag. aquosusy Bolton; not Ag. aquosus of Hudson, which is a
variety of the Ag. congregatus.

On rotten wood, under the sprinklings of the stream of Elm
Cragg Well at Bellbank, near Bingley. April.

265

crypta'rum.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed.

Buff.

(6) Gills buff.

♦ »

subcar’ncus. Ac. (Batsch.) Gills buff, broad, 4 in a set: pileus con-
vex, buff, darker in the centre, viscid: stem bufi,

polished.

FI, dan. 1071. 2 -Bastch. i oo -S 63.

Gills fixed, buff, 4 in a set, broad, long ones about f 2.

Pileus buff, convex, viscid, near f inch diameter; when old
nearly Hat, but hollowed in the centre and cracking at the
edge. Sometimes the pileus is nearly semi-globular, but
the edge turned outwards like the brim of a hat.

Stem hollow, the hollow nearly filled with pith, buff, viscid, po-
lished cylindrical, about 1 inch high, thinner than a crow
quill. Ray syn. p. 8. n. 38.

Jig ' campanulatus. Schceff. Jig. subcarneus . Batsch. Packmgton
,nnd Edgbaston Parks, on rotten wood. 7th Nov. 1790,

tcario'sus.

Ag. Gills deep buff, 4 in a set: pileus convex, buff: stem
whitish above, dark brown and scaly below : ling
permanent, pale brown.

Gills fixed, numerous, deep bufi, 4 in a set.

Pileus convex, rather boised, pale buff, but the centie and a cir-
cle round the border darker; to 1 inch over. Flesh

white. . ,

Stem hollow, cylindrical, thick as a raven s quill, 15 to 2 inches
high, nearly white above the ring, darn brown below it,
the dark part apparently rough with short, brown, slender,
rising scales. Ring fixed near the gills, forming a beauti-
ful pale brown fringe round the stem. Resembles the Ag.
nigripes. Bull. 344, but the gills in our plant are darker,
and that has no ring.

Plantations, Edgbaston^ 8”* °ct*

Var. 2. Gills uneven at the edge: pileus yellow brown, belE

shaved, blunt: stem pale buff : ring none.

"Edge of the pileus very dark coloured, and turned up.

On rotten wood, in Packmgton Park. Aut

umn.

Ag. (ScHjEFf.) Gills buff, 2 or 4 in a set : pileus con-
vex, bright bay, tufted with dark hair: stem brown,
bay, tufted.

tlQCCO'SUS.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI, A gar Lous. Hollow and Fixed.

Y ELLOW.

Curt .26 very largeSchcejf.G 1 , size of our plant s-~Bull.26G , gills
much darker than ours-Batsch. 30 -(not Battar . /. 8. H. for that
plant is* entirely ciohite.)

Gills fixed, buff, turning brownish, numerous, 2 or 4 in a set,
but irregular.

Pile us bright bay, set with dark triangular pencils of hair, con-
vex when young, bofsed in middle age, concave when
old, edge turned down, if to 2 inches over.

Stem hollow', brown, fibrous or hairy, 2 inches high, nearly as
thick as a goose quill. Curtain fugacious. Ring permanent.

This is with 11s a very rare species, and my opportunities of
examining it have been insufficient to allow me to clear up some
difficuties which present themselves on inspecting the figures and
descriptions of authors. I beg therefore to be understood as speak-
ing with great uncertainty, and wish it may challenge the atten-
tion of those botanists who have better opportunities of examining
it. J have two sorts of shaggy Agarics now before me, the one
just now described, gathered at Edgbaston, another sort sent from
Herefordshire by Mr. Stackhouse. The first sort has a regular
fine hollow in the stem, and fixed gills, the second has a solid stem
and dccurrent gills. The habit and general appearance are the
same in both, but these efsential differences in structure require
them to be kept apart. Schxff. 61. is a very exact representation
of the plants found here, and Schxff. 80. agrees well with the
Herefordshire plant. Schaeffer was aware that they were not the
same plants, ai\d has attempted, though not succefsfully, to point
out some discriminating differences. Curtis 264, and Bull. 266,
agree with the Edgbaston plant in structure, but they are both
much larger, and the colour of the gills is too dark in M. Bul-
liard’s plate. The Herefordshire plant has been extremely well
drawn by Mr. Stackhouse, it is also indifferently figured FI. dan.
49 1 , of a small size. For what more I know respecting it see Ag.
pilosus.

Ag.fioccosus. Schxff. Ag. squamosus. Bull. Ag . castaneus. Batsch,

(7) Gills yellow.

Ag. Gills pure yellow : pileus yellow, nearly flat, with
an orange bofs : stem yellow.

Gills fixed, yellow, narrow, 4 in a set.

Pileus yellow, with an orange coloured bofs; nearly flat, 1 inch
diameter.

Stem hollow, yellow, splitting, 1 to i-| inch high, thick as a ra~
ven quill.

267

fla'vicans..

263

CEYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed,

Green.

fascicula'rk.

The pileus is nearly fiat even in the younger state of the plant.
Not much unlike Ag. scariosus, but differs in the colour and in
the want of a ring.

In the Earl of Aylesford’sPark at Packington, Warwickshire*

Autumn.

(S) Gills green.

Ag. (Huds.) .Gills brown green, 4 in a set : pileus yeN
low and orange : stem yellow.

.2.%-Bolt. 2g~7.-B.iii.835.

Gills fixed, pale brown with a greenish cast, changing to dark

olive brown; very numerous. .

Fileus more or lefs conical, yellow, clothy, brown orange in the
centre, which is sometimes rather bolsed, if to 2 inches

over. # ,

Stem hollow, yellow7, crooked, sometimes comprefsed and appear-
ing asdf double ; 2 to 4 inches high, thick as a crow or a

goose quill. # . , . ,

Curiam very pale yellow, fugacious, leaving no durable marK

on the stem. r , .

In the larger and more expanded plants some or tne long gills

separate from“ the stem ; and then they cease to grow, for they ap-
pear lefs broad than those which remain attached to it. This cir-
cumstance however compels us to count 8 in a set. 1

Gills verv closely set and in maturity changing from a yellow-
ish o-reen to a dusky colour, discharging a dust when shaken.
Major Velley. When held against the light with the gills to-
wards the eye and gently turned round, a beautiful golden me-
tallic lustre seems to play upon the under surface. .

Ray Syn. p. g. n. 50. Ag. lateritius. Schadf. Ag. fasciculans .
Bolt. In clusters ; sometimes apparently distant from any rotten
wood, but most constantly found under trees, or near the bottom
of posts. ■ _ June August -April,

Var. 2. Gills yellow to greenish, 8 in a set, regular : stem with

a ring.

Batsch 2g.

Gills fixed, pale, yellowish, soon changing to greenish; regu-

larly 8 in a set. . ’ n c n

Pileus at first conical, the edge turned in, then nearly flat, lull
Huff, harsh to the touch, if to if inch over.

Stem hollow, pale yellow, silky, seldom quite straight, if t0 2 2
inches high, near £ inch diameter, marked very near the
top with a ring.

o

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI, Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed • 269

^ Green.

Curtain woolly, pale greenish yellow, not very fugacious,
part adhering to the edge ot the pileus and part to the top of the
stem, forming a ring.

Ag. spadiceus. Batsch. In clusters, Edgbaston, at the bottom
of posts, or other half rotten wood. Oct.

Var. 3. Gills watery whits changing to grey green : pileus
irregularly convex, bofsed.

FI. dan . 8 go -Bat tar. 22.D.G. N-B oh. 5- Sc ha. 'ff. 49.6.7.

Gills fixed slightly to the top of the stem by a minute claw,
watery white with a faint tinge of grey, which soon attains
a greenish cast ; numerous, 4 or 8 in a set.

Pileus irregularly convex, bofsed but flatted at the top, sides
deprefsed in places, edge turned in, deep buff approaching
to brown orange, and sometimes to red chesnut, paler at
the sides, cracking, 2 to 5 inches over.

Flesh yellow white.

Stem hollow, with a loose pith, yellow white or buff above, brown
at the bottom, smooth, crooked, cylindrical, splitting, 3 to
4 inches long, and near inch diameter.

Curtain woolly, greenish white, fringing the edge of the pi-
leus but seldom leaving a permanent ring on the stem.

Ray syn. p. 10. n. 57. Ag. pomposus. Bolt. Ag. lateritius. SchacfE
Ag. auratus. FI. dan. Single or in clusters, not uncommon, but the
root always attached to rotten wood. Nov. — April.

Var. 4. Gills dirty pale green covered with a purplish brown
powder, and waved at the edge.

Gills fixed, numerous, 8 in a set, much waved at the edge, pale
dull watery green, soon becoming covered by the seeds
which are brown with a purplish cast. Flesh yellowish.

Pileus when expanded nearly flat, but waved and wrinkled at
the edge, deep buff, red brown in the centre, 5 to 7 inches
over.

\

Stem hollow', tinted with lighter and darker shades of yellow
browm, 5 to 8 inches high, ■§ inch diameter.

Mostly solitary. Cherry Orchard, Edgbaston. Oct.

s

Ag* Gills fixed, few, pale green, whitish at the edges, 4 auran'tius.
in a set, but irregular: pileus green, changing to
yellow brown, convex, bofsed, irregular : stem green
above, yellow below.

7 y

Ag. aurantius. Var. 3. see page 262.

r

I

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Fixed*

Grey.

carneo-fla'vus

coromftus.

f

semi-globa'-

tus*

(8) Gills grey.

'rt r? r t

Ag. Gills grey, changing to dark chocolate : pilous bright
red orange, widely conical : stem light brown: flesh
yellow.

Gills fixed, grey, turning to very dark brown.

Pile us Fright red orange, widely conical, boised, 1 to 3 inches

over. v . 1 ♦ v .1

Stem Hollow, light brown, scored ; 2 \ to 3^ inches high, nearly

as thick as a goose quill. Curtain adhering to the stem.

In Lord Aylesford’s park at Packington.

Ag. Gills grey, 4 or 8 in a set : pileus brownish grey,

bluntly conical: stem whitish brown, cylindrical.

Gills fixed, grey, 4 or 8 in a set, sometimes not reaching the
edge of the pileus.

Pileus bluntly conical, flattish at the top, whitish brown or grey,
darker in the centre, skin round the summit of the cone
cracking in a circle, and the cracked edge turning up forms
a kind of cap upon the pileus ; 1 to i| inch over.

Stem hollow, whitish brown, cylindrical, crooked touaids the
root, splitting, 3 to 4 inches high, thick as a raven quill.
Ring white.

Edgbaston Grove, not common. April.

Var. 2. Gills grey, edged with white, 8 in a set : pileus semi-
globular, mealy, white : stem mealy, white.

Gills fixed, grey edged with white, black when old.

Pileus entirely covered with a white meal, semi-globular, edge
cooping in, 2 inches over.

Stem with a fine hollow, smooth, covered with a white powder,
perfectly cylindrical, 6 inches high, thicker than a raven’s ;
quill ; cottony at the base.

When the mealy powder is rubbed oft the pileus or stem, the
skin appears of a pale livid brown colour. Sometimes it is found
in a glutinous state, and then it resembles the following species,
but the want of horizontality in the edge of the gills distinguishes

Pastures, Edgbaston, but rare. July.

m ... v , i 1 i ^ y ‘ •

Ag. (Batsch.) Gills grey, mottled, 4 or 8 in a set; edge
horizontal: pileus greenish yellow, semi-globular:
stem pale buff.

Curt.iQ^-Batsd.i 10-Bull. 566.4-7. B. iii.847, the upper figure
good-Schaeff. 203, probably designed for it.

r H

R.YPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agarics. UolloW and Loose.

White.

ills fixed, when very young whitish, but always grey at the
edges, soon becoming entirely grey, and mottled, changing
to chocolate with age ; 4 in a set in the smaller, 8 in the
larger plants ; long ones about 20 or 24, their edges form-
horizontal line from the stem to’ the edge of the

'ileus nearly semi-globular, yellow, or buff, to brownish ; very
glutinous, wrinkled with age, $ of an inch over.
tem hollow, the perforation very fine and sometimes partly filled
with a white pith ; very pale buff, smooth, clammy, 2 to 3
inches high, thick as a crow quill.

Curtain tough, fugacious, leaving a ring near the top of the
tem, which docs not continue long.

Ray syn. p. 7. n. 37. Hudson p. Gig. n. 33, but not Schxff.
to. Ray’s description is very exprefsive. Major Velley.

The whole plant is sometimes not larger than a large pin.
’fr. Curtis had named it g/utinosus, but that term had before been
pplied to more than one species, and the name given it by Batsch,
rhich I have therefore preferred, is very exprefsive.

Ag. semi-globafus . Batsch. Ag. lustre. Bull. Pastures, grafs
Tats, not uncommon. July — Oct.

* Var. 2. Stem livid.

Pastures, in cowdung. Sept. Oct. Mr. Hudson.-

Var. 3. Gills brown grey, 4 in a set, long ones 16 or 18:
ileus pale buff, smooth, viscid, semi-globular, but pointed in the
entre : stem white, viscid.

Batsch.5-Scluejf.236s {the figures agree letter than the description.')
'ileus about % an inch over.

tem hollow, silky, nearly white, 3 inches high, thinner than a
crow quill.

Ag. gri sens.. Schxff. Edgbaston plantations. 31st Oct. 1790.

mg ai
pileus

<5r' r

VI. HOLLOW and LOOSE.

(1) Gills white.
lg. collarlatus. see Meruliatus-collariatus.

to. (Scop.) Gills white, uniform, fixed to a collar: pileus proceTus.
a broad cone, bofsed, white brown, scaly : stem scaly :
ring loose.

Curt. i v. 3 9 -FI. dan.’j 7 2 - Seine jfi 23.2 2 -Bull. 7 3 -Stcrb. 7 . A.-Ciu x.

274,18.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose

W HITE.

Gills loose from the stem but fixed to a collar surrounding its
top; white, uniform, numerous.

PiLEus a broad blunt cone, more or lefs bofsed, whitish, but co-
vered with brown tawny scurfy scales, from 3 to 7 inches
over. Flesh white, spongy- . {

Stem hollow, a fine pith in the cavity; gently tapering upwards,
whitish brown, scaly, 6 or 8 inches'high, inch diameter.

Curtain white within, brown on the outside, fixed to the edge
of the pileus and to a loose ring upon the stem. Rtng caitilagi*
nous, loose, permanent. Root a peai -shaped bulb.

A short intervening gill is sometimes found in the larger spe-
cimens. This plant when preserved in pickle is very liable tc
run into the vinous fermentation. — Its size and large honzonta-
ring distinguish it. The white gills change with age to straw
colour and dark brown. Mr. Stackhouse. Ray syn. p. 3. nr.

10. — p. 4.

— n. 18. — p. 4. n. 17. ...

A?, procerus. Huds. Ag. procerus. Schteff. Ag. colubrimts. Bull.

Ar. procerus. FI. dan. Hedge banks, and dry pastures, not un

^ r Sept:

common. r

Var. 2. Gills white, fixed to a collar, 2 or 4 in a set, irregular
pileus conical, bofsed, smooth, pale brown: stem whitish brown
smooth above.

Gills loose from the stem, but fixed to a collar surrounding it
top, white, numerous, very irregular, sometimes 2 Ion
ones together, sometimes a long and a short one alternately
most frequently 4 in a set, long gills often split at the en
next to the edge of the pileus.

Pileus convex, bofsed, rich pale tawny brown, edge turned 11
smooth and soft like glove-leather, wrinkled, the outer ski
cracking with age, 4 to 6 inches over.

Stem hollow, the cavity loosely filled with a fine silky pitl
nearly cylindrical, crusted below, browner and flecke
above, 6 or 7 inches high, 1-38 of an inch diameter. Cu
tain white. Ring loose on the stem, permanent. Root

pear-shaped bulb. ,

By the large clump of beeches, Edgbaston Park. 25th Oc

Var. 3. Gills white, fixed to a collar, in pairs, irregula.

pileus conical, bofsed, tufted, pale brown : stem smooth, white

Bolt. 23.

Gills loose from the stem, but fixed to a collar surrounding i
top, salmon-coloured when young, white when full grow
very numerous, mostly in pairs, but sometimes 3 01 4 xn

Pileus^ globular when young, then conical, lastly flat, but bofset
whitish brown, covered with tufts of a darker shade, 3 tc
inches over. Flesh white, thin.

N

pRYPTOGAMIA* FUNGI, Agaricus. Hollow and Loose, 273

White*

» « • •

Stem hollow, loosely filled with fine silky pith, cylindrical, white,
smooth, sometimes downy* 4 to 6 inches high, 3- 8tb s of an
inch diameter. Curtain white; Ring loose, strong, per-
manent. Root a bulb, becoming flat with age like an onion,
and then the lower part of the stem becomes angular.

Ag. annulatus. Bolt. In the large plantation of beeches, Edg-
baston Park. Sept*

Var. 4. Gills white, fixed to a collar, 2 or 4 in a set: pileus
convex, rather bofsed, brown upon a white ground: stem white,
smooth, tapering upwards: ring loose.

Schtfff. 1 8. 1 g.

Gills loose from the stem but fixed to a collar surrounding its
top; white; 4 in a set, sometimes in pairs ; edges finely
serrated with white glandular, or perhaps seminal sub-
stances.

tPiLEus convex, bofsed, delicate tawny brown, the outer skirt
tearing as the plant enlarges, it shews a dead white ground
freckled over with scurf or scales of the first brown colour,

2 to 3 inches over. Flesh white.

Stem hollow, with a very fine, loose, silky pith ; white, taper-
► ing upwards, splitting, 3 inches high, 3 -Bths diameter.

Curtain white, fringing the edge of the pileus when it tears.

Ring permanent, fixed to the stem. Root but little larger than
the stem.

Ag. excoriatus. Schreff. Ray syn. p. 3. n. 1 r.

This is a very beautiful plant, approaching in much of its
structure so closely to the Ag. procerus that it must be considered
only as a variety of it, nor do I think the smooth white stem, or
the more tender and fixed ring sufficient to establish it as a species ;
yet it must be confelsed that its habit and its smaller size imprefs
one with a' different idea.

Edgbaston Park, under large Spanish chesnut trees. 4th Sept.

Ag. Gills white, mostly uniform, narrow : pileus brown, scchara'tus*.
flat: stem white, cylindrical.

Gills loose, not reaching the stem, white, not numerous, uniform,
but sometimes 1 and very rarely 2 short gills intervening.

Pileus pale brown, flat, darker in the centre, border scored,
semi-transparent, surface sprinkled with remnants of a
white wrapper like candied sugar, most frequent about the
centre, 2 inches over.

Stem hollow, white, cylindrical, 3 inches long, thick as a large
goose quill.

Edgbaston Park, on the bank opposite the long stew.

‘Vol.IV.— S '

on A

- / “t

CRYPTOGAMIA* FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and

W HITE.

extincto'rius * Ag. (Linn.) Gills white, numerous, uniform: pileus

white, bluntly conical : stem white.

BQlt.24.-BuU. 437. 1 . 2-Batt ar. 2j.H.

Ag. st ipitatus, plleo campaniformi albido lacero, lamenis

niveis, stipite sub-bulboso subulato nudo. Linn*. ^

Gills very white. Pilaus convex, somewhat conical but ex-
panding dead white, surface scaly and torn, apex smooth. Stem
dead white, thickest at the base, tapering, without a ring. FI. suae.

Gills uniform, thin, pure white, changing to pale brown.

Pileus shaped like an extinguisher, but. blunt at the top and
uneven at the edge, white, changing to pale brown; sur-
face smooth at first, with age streaked or scaly ; 1 or i-| men
from the edge to the apex.

Stem hollow, with a downy cotton within, smooth, cylindrical,
g to 5 inches high, 3-ioths diameter. Bolton. — Gills uni-
form, snow-white changing to blackish brown. Pilaus
flapping down the stem, yellowish or dirty white. Stem:
Ion0*, hollow, swelling at tne base. Mi . Stackhouse.

Ag. exiinctorius . Bull. 'Ag. extinctorius. Bolt. Amongst sand ,
in moist and shady situations, but rare about Halifax.— [I found:
it once at Woolhope, Herefordshire. Mr. Stackhouse.]

.tercora'rius Ag. Gills white: pileus very thin, white or brownish,

Hat, bofsed, edge rolling up : stem white, enlarging

downwards.

Bull. 542, tfW68.

Gills loose, distant from the stem, white, very narrow, generally

in pairs, sometimes 4 in a set. r

Pileus white or brown white, sometimes hasle in the centre, flat.,
slightly bofsed, extremely thin, the edge rolling up, from

i to 2-k inch diameter. - .

Stem hollow, white, thick as a goose or a raven quill below, gra

dually tapering upwards, 4 inches high.

The whole plant extremely tender and brittle, of short dura

tion, difsolving into a black liquid.

Ae. stercorariaus. Bull. Pastures and woods, on horse and cow

dung? Autumr‘

Var. 2. Pileus light grey brown : stem swollen above the bot
tom and tapering upwards and downwards.

Gills loose, distant from the stem, white,. narrow.

Pileus light grey brown, streaked, conical, but expanded an
bofsed in its most perfect state, 2 to 2 ^ inches over.

CRYPTOGAMIA.

*

FUNGI* Agaticus. Hollow and Loose,

White.

Stem hollow, white, shining, 4 or 5 inches high, hardly so thick
as a goose quill, but for 2 inches above the root swollen out
like the stem of an onion and tapering each way.

In Lord Aylesford’s Park at Packington.

Var. 3. Pileus conical to bell-shaped, pellucid, watery white*
top brownish mouse: stem white, pellucid, tali, thin.

Bull. 320-Bolt. 37 .

Gills loose, narrow, very thin and delicate, pellucid.

Pileus conical changing to bell-shaped, smooth, striated when it
begins to decay, £ inch to 1 inch over.

Stem hollow, white, pellucid, very tender and brittle, 6 inches
high, thick as a small packthread. Bolton. — Gills few,
thin, transparent. Pileus mouse-coloured, thin, striated.
Stem very long, slender, brittle, woolly near the base. Mr.
Stackh. — M. Bulliard observes that the stem is often 4
inches high before the pileus is larger than a pin’s head.

In dry weather the edge of the pileus is apt to roll inwards
very much. In open pastures the stem is shorter than in woods.

Ray syn. p. 9. n. 45. Ag. tenuis. Bolt, and Bot. arr. ed. ii.
►Amongst mofs and grafs in shady woods at the roots of large trees.
Summer and Autumn. — [Woods near Woolhope, Herefordshire.
Mr. Stackhouse, Woods and pasture ground, Edgbaston,
On the cone of a Scotch fir in Packington Park.]

Var. 4. Pileus brown or bluish grey, apex nearly black: stem

Srey.

In the park at Packington.

Ag. Gills white, numerous, 4 in a set : pileus convex, clypeola'rius,
bofsed, pale brown, mottled: stem smooth.

. # . ... ' n

Var. 1. Stem brownish, ring brownish.

So'iverby i^~Rull. 506.2.

Gi lls loose, white, very numerous, 4 in a set.

Pileus convex, bofsed, pale brown, mottled with dull greenish
and a few reddish spots, edge turned down ; i-£ to 2 inches
over.

Stem hollow, smooth, very pale brown, 2 to 3 inches long,
thicker than a swan’s quill. Ring permanent, loose on the
stem. Root a bulb.

The want of a collar at the top of the stem separates this from

the Ag. procerus.

Ag, melcagris, Eot. arr. ed, ii. Edgbaston Park, not frequent.

mh. Oct. 179Q,

1

Ur a

CRYPTOGAM! A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loae»

W HITE.

extincto'rius *Ag. (Linn.) Gills white, numerous, uniform: pileus

white, bluntly conical : stem white.

Bolt . 2 ±-Bull. 437.1. 2-Bat tar. 27,//.

Ay. stipitatus, pileo campaniforrai albido lacero, lamehistt,

niveis, stipite sub-bulboso subulato nudo. Linn.

Gills very white. Pi lens convex, somewhat conical but ex- j
pandiny, dead white, surface scaly and tony apex smooth. Stem ]
dead white, thickest at the base, tapering, without a ring. A. succ.

Gills uniform, thin, pure white, changing to pale brown.

Pile us shaped like an extinguisher, but blunt at the top and

uneven at the edge, white, changing to pale brown ; sur-
face smooth at 'first, with age streaked or scaly ; 1 or inch,
from the edge to the apex.

Stem hollow, with a downy cotton within, smooth, cylindrical,

3 to 5 inches high, 3-ioths diameter. Bolton. — Gills uni-
' form, snow-white changing to blackish brown. Pi Pus
flapping down the stem, yellowish or dirty white. Stem
Iona, hollow, swelling at the base. Nil. Stackhouse.

Ag. exiwctorius. Bull. 'Ag. extinctorius . Bolt. Amongst sand
in moist and shady situations, but rare about Halifax.— [I found
it once at Woolhope, Herefordshire. Mr. Stackhouse.]

stercora'rius

Ag. Gills white: pileus very thin, white or brownish,
Hat, bofsed, edge rolling up: stem white, enlarging
downwards.

Bull. 542, and 68.

Gills loose, distant from the stem, white, very narrow, gene
in pairs, sometimes 4 in a sey
Pileus white or brown white, sometimes hasle in the centre
slightly bofsed, extremely thin, the edge rolling up,

4- to inch diameter. . .

Stem hollow, white, thick as a goose or a raven quill below,

dually tapering upwards, 4 inches high. -

The whole plant extremely tender and brittle, 01 short d

tion, difsolving into a black liquid.

Ar. stercorariaus. Bull. Pastures and woods, on horse and c<

dungf . ■ AutuI

Var. 2. Pileus light grey brown : stem swollen above the
tom and tapering upwards and downwards.

Gills loose, distant from the stern, white, narrow. ,

Pileus light grey brown, streaked, conical, but expanded an
bofsed in its most perfect state, 2 to 2$ inches over.

“ CRyPTOGAMl A. JFUNGL Agaficu?. Hollow and Loose,

White.

Stem hollow, white shining, 4 or 5 inches high, hardly so thick
as a goose quid, but for 2 inches above the root swollen out
like tue stem of an onion and tapering each way.

11 l-0Id A\ lesford s Park at Packington.

Var . 3. Pile us conical to bell-shaped, pellu.cid, watery white,
top brownish mouse : stem white, pellucid, tall, thin.

Gills loose, narrow, very thin and delicate, pellucid.

I ileus conical changing to bell-shaped, smooth, striated when it
1 begins to decay, $ inch to 1 inch over.

Stem hollow, white, pellucid, very tender and brittle, 6 inches
high, thick as a small packthread. Bolton.— Gills few'
thin, transparent. Fdeus mouse-coloured, thin, striated!

SxTcVKHry MS,R nndef Plttle’ '?o!Iy "“"he base. Mr.

• f ft , Vuillard observes that the stem is often 4

lnche, high before the piieusis larger than a pin’s head. 4

I verv 'much "T 8° °f,the Pileus is aP[ Aoll inwards

(ven much. In open pastures the stem is shorter than in woods

Rav 0* p. 9 n. 4 5._ Ag. tenuis. Bolt, and Bot. arr. T H

1 oi.gst mofs and grafs in shady woods at the roots of large trees

'IP'’ w' ^ ^ W0°,h°Pe’ HereAdshfl:

mr. backhouse. Woods and pasture eround. Edtrbasmn

On the cone of a Scotch fir in Packington Park.] 8

| at. 4. Pileus blown or bluish grey, apex nearly black *

grey.

27

In the r>"

-*5. pxocerus.

Ag, mekagnf, Bot. arr. ed, ii. Edgbaston Park , not frequent.

1 nh Oct. 179Q,

S 2

<«rt

276

CRYPTOGAM1A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose*

White.

Var. 2. Stem quite white : ring white, delicate.

Bull. 5 06. 2. L.

This is a very small variety, the pileus hardly \ of an inch -j
over, the stem 1 "inch high, the size of a crow quill.

Ag. clypeo/arius. Bull. Cherry orchard, Edgbaston, a single

specimen. SePl*

Var. 3. Stem without a ring , pileus beautifully mottled. I

Bull.$o$-Bolt.j.

Gills loose, pure white, numerous, tender and delicate, 4 m a |
set, but not very regular; in the larger specimens tunning
close up to the stem, though not united to it.

Pileus convex, expanded, centre rich red brown, white towar

the border but beautifully mottled with red scurfy ireck.es,
2-$ inches over. Flesh white, very tender. . .

Stem hollow, red buff below, paler upwards, tender, splitting,
cylindrical but rather tapering upwards, 3 inches high, -|

inch diameter. .

Pileus at first sharply conical, smooth, white, mottled, bois
darker. Stem brown, splitting mto threads. Gills easily sepa-
rating, fleshy, few. Curtain white, delicate, fugacious, blit leav-
ing some marks on the stem, and on the edge of the pileus. It
has a disagreeable smell.

Ag. clypeolarius. Bull. Woods near Bath. Powick, near \\ or-
cester; pastures, Woolhope, Herefordshire. Mr. Stackhouse.
In a pine grove, Ditchingham, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward;
who sent me a very accurate description of it before he knew
that it had been found elsewhere. Edgbaston Park, amongst
grafs, very rare. — Ag. cri status. Bolt. August. .

* Var. q. Gills white, crowded, 4 or 8 in a set : pileus con-
vex, dirty white, with reddish blotches and centre reddish: stem
dirty white,' blotched : ring none.

Curt. 3 1 $-Buxb. hall, row the last , marked p. 122.

Gills loose, very numerous, narrow, white, changing to a red-
dish brown. , . . , , , . , , * 1

Pileus convex, nearly flat with age, whitish but blotched with

rusty red, and almost wholly red in the centre, smoot k 1
to 3 inches over. Flesh white, firm, twice as thick as the

gills are broad. c . , .

Stem hollow, clumsy, often spotted with rusty red, faintly sti ia-

ted, cvlindrical, but tapering at the root, 3 inches high or
more/ q-8ths diameter. Flesh white, firm, m thickncl*
equal to the diameter of the hollow. Curtis FI. Lond. v.53.
Ag. carnosus. Growing singly or in clusters, ijULord Mans-
field’s pine wood, Hampstead. [Pine grove.Kirby. Mr.VVooDw^]

f

I

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose.

White.

Ag. Gills white, irregular: pilous dark brown at top,
paler at the edge : stem almost black : root crooked,
knotted. /

i

Jacy.fl. t. 8 1 .

Gills loose, pale, unequal, mostly 4 in a set, long ones some-
times cloven : ihey are loose from the stem, but fixed to a
fleshy ring underneath the pileus.

Pile us bluntly conical, dark brown at the top, paler towards the
edge, scored, smooth, opake, i-^- inch over.

Stem hollow, black, shining, straight, firm, 4 to 6 inches high.

Root crooked, thick, knotty, sunk about an inch into the
earth, and always attached to rotten wood. Always solitary.
Has a strong offensive garlic smell, which it retains for days after
it has been gathered. Linnaeus supposed it to be a variety of his
Ag. campanulatus. Jacquin.

Ag. alliaceus . Jacq. but not of Bulliard, for that has a stem
hairy 011 the outside and solid within.

Mr. Relhan found this plant in woods and shady places at-
tached to rotten wood, and oak leaves, particularly in Madingley
(Plantations. It has lately been found also in woods about Pack-
ington, Warwickshire. Sept.

Ag. (Sch.eff.) Gills white, 4 in a set : pileus buff, con-
vex, semi-transparent : stem huffy white.

S chaff. 255.

Gills loose, white, 4 in a set, but the smaller series irregular.
Pileus buff, convex, semi-transparent, flat with age and uneven
at the edge, 1 to 2\ inches over.

Stem hollow, buffv white, semi-transparent, cylindrical but
crooked where the root begins, 1 to 2 inches high, thick as
a crow quill.

Substance tender, so as not easily to be gathered from amongst
the grafs without breaking. In Schxffer’s fig. referred to above,
the gills are too highly coloured, and do not agree with his de-
scription.

Eagbaston Park. ' > Sept. 1791.

Var. 2.
stem white

The Island, Edgbaston pool. 22d June, 1792.

Var. 3. Gills yellowish watery white, 8 in a set : pileus rich
red brown, pale at the edge, cracking: stem as dark, or darker
than the pileus,

S 3

Gills 8 in a set : pileus red brown, darker at the edge:

277

allia'ceus.

oclira'ceus.

2 78 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose*

W HITE.

The stem so disposed to split that it is hardly pofsible to gather
it entire. The gills leave an imprefsion at the top of the stem,
as if they had been fixed to it before the expansion of the pileus.

Ag. lacer . Schteflf. Under an oak by the side of the great pool ;
Edcrbaston. 21st June, 1792.

O

Var. 4. Gills 8 in a set, often forked : pileus brown buff ;
stem red chesnut.

Pileus very thin, semi-transparent, much crumpled and waved
at the edge, from 1 to 2 inches over. Stem hollow, flatted, fre-
quently grooved or channelled on each side, so as almost to be
divided lengthways ; deep red chesnut below, paler upwards,
buj sometimes darker upwards, and white at the top.

Red Rock Plantation, Edgbaston, Sept,

.iV

dis'par. Ag. Gills yellow white, 4 in a set: pileus yellow white,

convex : stem deep red brown, yellow within.

Batsch.2 10.

Gills loose, whitish, narrow, numerous.

Pileus yellow white with a slight flesh coloured tinge, convex,
edges turned in, 1^ inch over.

Stem hollow, red brown, yellow in the inside, larger upwards,
sometimes flattened, 2^ inches high, nearly as thick as a
goose quill.

Ag. dispar. Batsch. In the park at Packington, Warwicksh.

1 *■ * ^ <

t

fufico-al'bus. Ag. Gills brownish white, broad, regularly 4 in a set :

pileus semi-globular, brown, smooth : stem brown.

Gills not reaching the stem but forming a channel round it,
white or brown white.

Pileus dark brown chesnut, hemispherical, turningup with age,
smooth, sometimes rather bofsed, without flesh, t to 1 inch
over, quite black when old.

Stem hollow, size of a straw, ■§ inch high, dark brown, thicker
at the top where it joins the pileus. Description and dial -
ing from Mr. Stackhouse.

In short grafs,on commons in Herefordshire, not unfiequent,
but I do not find it noticed. Mr, Stackhouse. In the further
plantations, Edgbaston, Aug,

juIuliforrmis *Ag. (Bull.) Gills white, in pairs ; pileus brown, glow

bular : stem white.

BuU.iiz*

»

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI, Agaricus, Hollow and Loose, 279

Whit e.

Gills loose, white, narrow.

Pile us brown, quite globular when young, rather lefs ?o when
full grown, from the size of a large pin’s head, to that of a
large pea. * .

Stem hollow, white, cylindrical, % to 1 inch high, thick as a
swallow’s quill. Bulliard. *

Ag. piluliformis. Bull. At the foot of trees, and under slabs
of wood; some scarcely larger than a large pin. Stackhouse,

Ag, (Ray.) Gills yellowish white, in pairs : pileus yel- turbina'tus*
low brown, cylindrical, scored : stem white.

Schtfff. 66, ( but larger than our specimens.) ,

Gills loose, f semi-transparent, yellowish white, in pairs.

Pileus nearly cylindrical, reaching half way down the stem,
blunt at the top, scored at the sides, uneven at the edge ;
yellow brown, deeper and richer brown at the top, white at
the edge; when fresh gathered, beautifully frosted over
with distinct globular pellucid particles.

Stem hollow, white, scurfy when young, scored at full growth,
about 1 inch high, thick as a goose quill.

Ag. lignorum. SchretF. In clusters, of slow growth. On the
stump of a tree sawn off horizontally. Nov.

Var. 2. Gills quite white, much smaller than the preceding
and growing on the ground.

Gills loose, but the edges making imprefsions on the stem,
white, semi-transparent, yellowish with age, in pairs.

Pileus cylindrical, or rather egg-shaped, extending halfway
down the stem, brown yellow, scored, frosted, uneven at
the edge, 2-8ths to g-Bths of an inch high.

Stem hollow, white, wroolly, % to 1 inch high, thinner than a
/ crow quill. *

Ray Syn. p. 10. n. 53. Ag. fuliginosus. Huds. 620.

Schreff. 308, very much resembles it, except in having yellow-
ish gills and a solid stem. Bull. 94, not unlike it, but 4 times as
large, and the gills 4 in a set.

Gills turning black with age. Pileus oblong, never turned
up, not described since the time of Ray.

f But prefsed close to the stem, and even adhering to it by their edges
in a young state so as not to be separated without injury to the one or the
other, but still they are neither decurrcnt nor fixed, the former implying an
extension of the base of the gill down along the stem, the latter an adhe-
sion of the base or shoulder to the stem. This adhesion of the edge of the
gill to the stem takes place only in fuch as have almost a cylindrical pileu^
and it separates as the phnt arrives at maturity.

aSo CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricas. Hollow and Loose,

White.

Several hundred growing together, on short grafs under trees.
Pear-tree Walk, Wooihope, Herefordshire, Mr. Stackhouse.
Not uncommon. Mr. Woodward. Among short grais, plenti-
ful, Edgbaston Park; 6tl> Aug-

* Var. 3. Gills white, brown when old, ^ in a set : pileus nch
olive : stem brown.

Bolt, 154.

Gills loose, white, turning brown with age, tough, flexible, dis-
tant, 4 in a set.

Pileus conical, rich olive, darkest at the top, edge scored and
turning up when old, i£ inch to the apex. #

Stem hollow, dusky reddish brown, tough, 2 inches high, thick
as a raven quill. Bolton.

Ag. pseudo-clypeatus. Bolt. Qn stumps of fallen tiees. Oct.

Var. 4. Gills brownish white, changing to reddish brown ;
uniform ; pileus scored, light brown, yellowish and smooth at top.

GiLLsloose, numerous, uniform, watery brownish white, chang-
ing to reddish brown and then to dark chocolate.

Fjleus light brown, deeply scored, smooth and yellow brown at
the top, cylindrical, edge irregular, rather tinned in, 4.

inch high, broad at the top. ...

Stem hollow, white, inch high, thick as a raven s quill.

pasture land, Edgbaston, in clusters. July.

congrega'tus,

Ag. (Bull.) Gills white, with grey edges, 2 or 4 in a
set : pileus conical, brown buff, sides furrowed : stem

white, smooth.

Bolt. 5 4, the small figures- Bull. m smooth and t0° yeJm

loiv for our specimens .

Gills loose, white, edges grey, spangled, 2 or 4 m a set ; black
with age, and deliquescent.

Pileus conical, brown buff, apex a darker brown, surface strong-
ly streaked, or rather furrowed, edge very uneven, bend-
in<r in towards the stem, i| to 2 inches, ovei. #

Stem hollow, white, scurfy when young, splitting, 2 to 3 inches

high, x inch diameter. , .. ,

M. Bulliard justly observes that the edge of the pileus hangs

down lower on one side than on the other.

Ag. striatus. Bolt. In clusters, on the milking bank, Edg-
baston, in a hollow where an elm had been fallen.^ 31st Oct.
The crops repeated in the same season. In a similar situation in
the Grove. 14th April. Poultry yard. Aug*

V

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose . 281

x White.

* Var. 2. Gills white, black on the edges, wholly black when
older, 4 in a set : pileus and stem downy.

Bolt. 1 56-Bull. 1 38-M/CA73.3.

Gills loose, white on the sides, but with a black powder at the
edges, which soon extends over the whole surface.

Pileus grey, downy; but this covering tearing as it expands, re-
mains in patches on the surface, which then appears else-
where white and striated; conical, blunt, i-p inch high.

Stem hollow, covered like the pileus with a lead coloured down,
cylindrical, inches high, thick as a raven’s quill. Bolt.

Ag. tomentosus. Bolt. Amongst wet mofs on a peat bog near
Ogden Kirk.

1

, Ag. Gills white, changing to grey black : pileus pale yel- mica'ceus.
low brown, spangled, conical : stem white.

Bull. 2 46, and 56 5-S chaff. 1 7.

Gills loose, white, but soon changing to grey and almost to
) ' black, very numerous.

Pileus pale yellow brown, more yellow at the top; conical,
bol’sed when fully expanded, streaked and glittering as if
strewed with minute spangles; 1$ inch from the edge to
the apex.

Stem hollow, white, cylindrical, 3 or 4 inches high, nearly as
thick as a goose quill.

The whole plant is tender and the gills difsolve into a dark
coloured liquid.

Ag. fuscescens . Schxff.

Ag. micaceus . Bull. Wet meadows.

Oct.

’*Ag. Gills brown white : pileus brown white, centre dar- fia'vipes.
ker, bluntly conical, streaked : stem yellow.

Schaff. 31.

Gills loose, brown white, 4 in a set.

Pileus brown white, bluntly conical, scored, apex red brown,
to 1 inch diameter.

Stem hollow, bright yellow, cylindrical, of inches high, thick
as a raven quill, tender and brittle. Schaffer.

Ag. flic anils. SchajfF. Headington Wick close, Oxfordshire.

Dr. Sibthqrpe, Oct.

Ag. (Bolt.) Gills white, 4 in a set : pileus yellow, co- luteo-al'bus.
ixical, scored : stem pale yellow.

I

282

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Licit,

W1.V 1 '

Brown.

Bull. 260 -Bolt. 38.1, (excluding the other synonym:.)

Gills loose, broad.

Pile us £ of an inch from the edge to the top of the cone.

Stem i inch high, thick, as a bristle. Bolt. (jiUs '•cry thin,
broad next to the stem. Pileus bright yellow, thin, brittle, -
splitting, glofsy. Stem hollow, delicate. Mr. St ackhouse.
Mr. Bolton tells me that the stem of his plant is solid,^ and.
if so it mast be separated from the figure of Bulliard and
the description of Mr. Stackhouse, and may pofsibly prove

to be a variety of the Ag. clavus. # , ,j

A o-; pumilus. Bull. Ag. luteo-alfrus. Bolt. Common in woods!
near ^Halifax. [Short grafs at Powick near Worcester. Mr.
i Stackhouse.]

Var. 2. Gills yellow white : pileus dark green: stem green.
Gills loose, yellowish white, 4 in a set.

Pileus dark green, scored, paler at the edge and at the top, c\» I
lindro-convex, blunt, g-Sths of an inch high.

$tem hollow, dark green, i£ inch high, thick as a large pin.

Lord Aylesford’s Park at Packington ; 011 rotten wood.

J Autumn*

(2) Gills brown.

cofIu=o Ag. Gills red chesnut : pileus a tall slender cone, white :
stem white.

Sower fry 33,* upper figure.

Gills loose? uniform; deep Spanish snuff colour, numeious,

Pileus dead white, near an inch high, .almost cylindrical, not .
more than £ of an inch diameter, except at the edge which
fianches out a little ; rounded at the apex. .

Stem with a fine hollow, white, cylindrical, 3 inches high, t ic

as a crow quill. t ,

This is a very beautiful and rare species. Its texture tender,

seon crushing and becoming watery when gathered.

A single specimen on the grafs plats at Tettenhall, Stafford-
shire, June; and another m a pasture field, Isdgbaston.

’ August, 1792.

Var. 1. Pileus huffy white, expanded at the edge : stem bul-
bous at the base.

Sower fry 33-Ite//. 563.1 ; but the pileus not exact to the cclsur oj
cur specimens.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose. 28-

Brown.

Gills loose, in pairs, cream coloured when young, changing to
buffy brown or Spanish snuff colour.

Pile us dead buffy white, conical, of an inch high, ~ an inch
diameter, blunt at the top, flanched out at the edge, and
crumpled, but smooth at the very edge.

Stem white, with a very fine hollow, 2 to 2-§ inches high ; bul-
bous at the base, thick as a raven’s quill.

AS- conocephalus. Bull. Ag. tener. Sowerby. Pastures Edg-
baston. 6th Aug. 1795.

*

Ag. (Sgh^ff.) Gills reddish brown, few, 4 in a set: atro-ru'fus,
pileus dark brown, convex, centre conical : stem
brown, cylindrical, elastic.

Schce ff. 2% {-Bolt .51.1.

Gills loose, broad, red brown.

Pil e us conical, apex rounded, smooth, dark red brown, f to
( inch high.

Stem hollow, brown, shining, rather strong, disposed to split, if
to if inch high, a good deal thinner than a crow quill.

Root rather bulbous.

Ag . atro-rufus. Bolt. Ray syn. p. 8. n. 43. Dry barren pas-
tures, amongst mofs. Grals plats at Tettenhall, Staffordshire.

Spring — Aug,

>

Var. 2. Pileus deep yellow at the edge.

In Packington Park,

%

• / y

*Ag. (Bolt.) Gills pale brown, broad, thin, 4 in a set: nu'ceus*
pileus red brown, edge lobed and turned inwards :
stem whi,te.

Bolt .jo~Bull. 535. 1 .

*

Gills loose, gently waved at the edges.

Pileus size and colour of a Spanish nut, dimpled at the top, dry,
pliable, smooth, silky, shining ; the margin lobed and very
much rolled in, so as to touch the stem or even to pafs by it,
the opposite lobes prefsing against, or crofsing each other.

Stem hollow, dead white, thin, tender, splitting, 4 inches high,
thick as a crow quill. Bolton.

Ag. foraminulosus . Bull. Ag. nuceus. Bolt. Among young
firs, abundantly. In dry and barren soils amongst heath and
furze bushes', Oct,

1

284

CRYPTOGAM! A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Love,

Brown.

corruga'tus.

rubia’tus.

<

» *

cuspida'tus.

xvlo'pes.

*Ag. Gills pale brown, 4 in a set : pileus brown, convex,
crumpled : stem white, crooked, tapering upwards.

Gills loose, shallow, wide apart.

Pileus brown, clothy to the touch, skinny, crumpled and twist-
ed, 1 4 inch over.

Stem hollow, white, crooked, tapering upwards, several united
together at the bottom. Description and drawing from Mr.
St ac k h ouse . Curtain sometimes remains hanging on the
edge of the pileus.

Packington Park. Autumn,

Ag. Gills brown pink: pileus brown pink, conical : stem
brown pink.

Gills loose, brown pink, narrow.

Pileus brown pink, clothy, conical but flat topped, near if inch
from the edge to the apex.

Stem hollow, brown pink, clothy, cylindrical, gently waved, 4
inches high, 3-tkhs of an inch in diameter.

The whole plant is coloured as though it had been dyed with

Madder.

In the Earl of Aylesford’s Park, at Packington. Autumn.

Ag. (Bolt.) Gills dusky brown, 4 in a set: pileus cin-
namon colour, conical : stem brownish, cylindrical,
smooth.

Boh. 66.2.

Gills loose, pale dusky brown, thin, pliable, 4 in a set.

Pileus reddish brown, acutely conical, silky, smooth, even at
the edge, 1 inch to the apex.

Stem hollow, the perforation fine ; brownish, cylindrical, smooth,
hard, readily splits, 4 or 5 inches high. Bolton.

Ag. cuspidatus . Bolt. Where weeds or charcoal have been

burnt.

Var.. 2. Gills buffy brown: pileus bluntly conical, bufTy

brown : stem very long and slender, buffy brown.

In Lord Aylesford’s Park at Packington.

Ag. Gills brown, numerous, 4 in a set ; claws white : pi-
leus buff, dattish : stem long.

Gills loose, dead brown, numerous, tender, watery, thin, ter-
mination next the stern not in contact with it, white.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose. 285

Brown.

Pile us full buff, nearly flat, central part wrinkled and somewhat
bofsed, thin at the edge, turning watery on the least bruise ;

1 to 2 inches over. Flesh thin, woolly or spongy, brown
white.

Stem hollow, the cavity fine, with more or lefs of a white pith ;
brownish white, rarely straight, cylindrical, but thicker and
scored under the pileus, and again much thicker towards
the root, size of a raven to that of a small goose quill, 4 to
5 inches high.

Ring thin, ragged, brown white. Root a large irregular
shaped mafs, covered with white cottony substance, which extends
also about % an inch up the stem.

Fir plantations at Barr. 28th June, 1792.

( * ,

i'. • ‘ ' - . / .

iAg. Gills cool brown: pileus pale yellowish brown, wide- contin'gens.
Jy conical, apex orange brown : stem white, silky,
cracking.

Gills loose, but touching the stem, cool brown, not broad, 4 in

I a set. * :

Pileus widely conical, thin, pale yellowish brown, rather bofsed

and orange brown at the top, about 3 inches over.

Stem hollow, white, siikv, cracking, 3 to 4 inches high, F inch
diameter, cylindrical, somewhat crooked.

In the Earl of Aylesford’s Park at Packington. Autumn.

* r

Ag. (Sch^ff.) Gills tawny, 4 in a set: pileus brown mutab'ilis*
orange, convex, bofsed: stem red brown below, and
scurfy, white above the ring.

Schxjf. 9 ; the lower figures .

Gills loose, yellow brown, 4 in a set.

;ileus brown orange, or dull yellow, but changable ; 1 to if
inch over.

Item hollow, cylindrical, red brown and scaly below, the scales
pointing upwards, whitish above the ring.

Curtain threaddy. Ring permanent, imperfect. Schaffer.

Fills not so closely set as in the Ag. fascicularis, and also different

II colour. Pileusy its varying form seems effected by the close
nd fasciculated growth, which in their tender state obtrude one
tpon another, as in the fascicularis. Major VY. l ley. Schaeffer’s
ab. g, and also his description good. Pileus very much varying
n shape and often deformed. Mr. Woodward. Schaeffer's t?

), contains 2 distinct plants, one with a hollow. and one with a
olid stem; one with a permanent ring and one without.

9

*8S-

CRYFTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loos ^

Red.

Af. mutabiliu Schasff. On decaying wood, common. Mr.
Woodward.' — At Kdgbaston, on lotten wood. o -‘0»

ti'tuhans. Ac. Gills red brown, in pairs : pileus yellow, conical, ex-

panding : stem yellow.

Bull. 425. 1 ; but stiff, too strongly streaked, and harshly colour-
ed. pi. 595.2, is nearer to our specimens.

Gills loose, reddish brown, narrow, in pairs. .

Pileus conical, wide at the base, pale yellow, darker in the cen-
tre • edee striped with purplish brown, or rather niouicd
.by the "ills ; about 1 inch lngh ; flat and turned up with age.

St ei» hollo w\ yellow, 24 to 3 inches high, thick as a raven quil .
Whole plant very weak. It has a very strong and highly

In Packington Park, Warwickshire.

£ • Autumn.

volra'ceus * Ag. Gills red brown: pileus greenish grey, nearly flat

when most expanded : stem whitish.

Sootier by i—Bull . 262.

Gills loose, numerous, red brown, 2 or 4 m a set.

Pileus greenish or greyish, convex or widely conical, neatly mu
and cracking when fully expanded; 4 01* 5 inches over-
Flesh thin, white.

Stem solid, whitish, nearly cylindrical, 3 to 4 inches high, 3

inch diameter. • • . ■

< Wrapper at the root, grey or greenish. , . .

In the bark beds of hot hbuses, Mr. Relhan ; and since by
Mr. Sowerby on a very rotten stump of a lime tree. Aug.

(3) Gills red.

auran'tius. Ag. Gills loose, pinky, fleshy, 4 m a set : pileus and stem

pinky.

Var. 4. Ag.-aurantius, see page 261.

.... H

cvlin'dricus. Ag. Gills pinky, uniform: pileus white, cylindrical, scaly,::
' 1 stem cylindrical, white.

Fl.dan.83 4- CuriAl.i6^S ch?ni dJcj*lO-Sc htiff. 46 . 47 . 8 -Rfl//. 4 4.

Gills loose, distant from the top of the stem, numerous, white
when very young, when in perfection pinky; changing to
black and difsolving, uniform.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose .

Red.

Pileus cylindrical, white, covered with scurfy scales, splitting at
the edge, 4 inches high, if or 2 inches diameter. Flesh
none. v ' *

Stem hollow, pithy, white, cylindrical, tender, 4 to 3 inches high,
f inch diameter.

Curtain small, white, connecting the pileus to the stem in its
younger state, and leaving a Ring on the stem, loose, permanent.

This beautiful but fugacious plant has been extremely well
figured by the authors cited above, but our best English botanists
have fallen into an error in supposing it to be the Ag. fimetarius
of Linnaeus, as will be evident to those who will take the trouble
to compare the figures or the descriptions. That has white gills,
changing to black, this fine pink or rose red; that is egg-shaped,
this cylindrical, that grows on dunghills, this in open pasture
land. . i.

A young plant put into water and covered with a glafs bell,
grew three inches and a quarter in twelve hours. In decay it de-
liquesces in form of a dark-coloured fluid hanging in drops on the
gills. The outer white coat of the pileus is sometimes so thin as
to allow the inner pinky colour to appear through it, especially
towards the bottom of the pileus.

Ag. fimetarius. Curtis. Ag. porcellaneus. Schceff. Ag. fimetarius.
Bolt. Ag. ccmatus. FI. dan. Amongst rushes, 17th Sept. — In an
open pasture field, 2d May.

Var. 2. Gills fine red : pileus white and downy, soon chang-
ing to red: ring permanent.

Bolt. 142.

Gills loose, uniform, carnation coloured.

Pileus at first white, downy ; this white down disappears and the
surface becomes striated and of a livid carnation colour;
cylindrical when young, bluntly conical and turning up
with age, if- inch from the edge to the apex.

Stem hollow, white, splitting, tapering upwards, 3 inches high,
3*8ths diameter. King neiv the bottom of the stem, white,
permanent. Bolton. It principally differs from the pre-
ceding in the abrasion of the white downy outward coat of
the pileus, which may be merely accidental, and then /from
the extreme tenuity of the inner membrane the red of the
gills becomes visible.

Ag. obleetus.. Bolt. On new dunghills, but rare. In the gar-
den field at Edgbaston. 24th July.

* Var, 3. Gills pinky, uniform; pileus light brown, mottled,
conical.

Bolt. 26-Battar. 26. D.E.F.

.Gills loose, distant from the top of the stem, pale pinky grey,
uniform, numerous, broad, difsolving.

I

2SS

C R Y PTO G A M I A . FUNG 1 . ^ o

Red.

Pileus conical, very uneven at the edge, light brown, set with
fragments of a very pale grey brown cottony wrapper, which
inclosed the pileus only in its young state ; if inch fiom

Stem hollow, white, shining, 3 or 4 inches high, thick as a goo=e.
quill, often remaining after the decay ot the pileus. Boi. 1 .
Common in dry vaults, poor cottages and under carpets on
ground floors. Mr. Bolton's figure and description very
just, but he has delineated one ot the largest of the species.

Mr. Stackhouse. * . . n

Jig domestic us Bolt. In clusters on wet rotten wood m cellars.

and damp kitchens.

appendteu-

la'tus.

\g (Bull.) Gills brown red to chocolate, 4 in a set .

’ pileus pale buff, conical : stem white.

Bull.

Gills loose, flesh red, liver colour or chocolate wkhage, numer-

ous. 4 in a set. . , .

Pileus a broad blunt cone, pale buff, centre darker ; the who.e
darker with age, semi-transparent, 1% inch over, crackings
at the edge and becoming striated as it expands. #

Stem hollow, white, splitting, cylindrical, smooth, if to 2 mcnes
Innw thick as a raven’s quill.

Curtail white, delicate, fugacious, hanging in fragments at
the edge of the pileus, but soon vanishing alter it is gathered.

Growing in large patches, very much crowded together, sc
that it is rare to see the pileus uniformly expanded. Difsolve;
into a brown watery fluid: Bulliard's figure is a good represen

tation of our plant, but larger, and the gills ratner too muc o i
salmon colour. Schxff. 237, to which he refers, is surely a dil

"'V^ndicnlatm. Bull. Ag. qaikeogrittttu Schaiff. Cherr;
Orchardf ndgbaston. a7th Aug. .791

t T I a r* /Rttt T ) Gills dull red, broad, numerous, 2 or 4 in t

laco-mabun Ac. brawn> comcal, woolly i .temhoUoir

dirty white.

Bull. 5 25. 194.

Gills loose, dirty brownish red, liver coloured with age, c.os
«et broad, speckled with black when old, exsudtng sponta
neously a thin milky fluid, which when concreted terms th

black specks. , , ,

?«J. bus' dirty brown, bluntly conical, flat and bofsed when ola
woolly, without flesh except at the top, edge turned m, 1
inch from the edge to the top.

»

*; - /

3RYPT0GAMIA. FUNGI* Agaricus. Hollow and Loose*

Buff.

* i

item hollow, dirty white, or paler brown than the pileus, 2 to 3
inches high, 2-8ths to 3*8ths diameter; splitting.

Curtain white, cobweb-like, many of its threads extending
rom the stem to the edge of the pileus. 'Juice like thin milk ;
ot acrid. Specimen, description, and drawing from Mr. Stack-
iouse.

Ag. lacrymabundus. Bull. Common in the woods in Hereford-
hire, and sometimes in the open pastures.

* * ‘ . \A ' ' ■ ‘ , s* • 1

k g • Gills pale flesh-colour, mostly in pairs : pileus convex,
brown, with net-work on the centre: stem watery
•white.

1 1 l l s loose, in contact but not connected with the stem, pale
whitish flesh colour, moderately numerous, in pairs, with
' sometimes one of a third series intervening.

‘ileus brown, centre darker, convex, nearly flat when full grown,
its central part covered with a kind of net-work rising con-
siderably above the surface, \ to £ of an inch over.
tem hollow, watery white, scored, 1 inch high, thinner than a
> crow quill.

The net-work is of a firm cartilaginous texture, rather a dark-
r brown than the rest of the pileus, and remaining perfect after
le other parts of the plant are decayed and difsolved.

Edgbaston Pool Dam, very scarce. 6th Aug. 1791.

• i- , . • • \

(4) Gills buff.

I^v ,■» r , f ry*. < r\ ■' '

J > *• « '-t * * — ? } - - ■* •* - •*' * *

g* ✓

lG. Gills buff, few, narrow, 4 in a set: pileus buff, coni-
cal, edge thin, turned in: stem buff'.

f : r *

Batsch. 207; (hut as is usual with his figures smaller than
our plants.)

ills, loose, few, narrow, light buff.

ileus buff, leather-like, smooth, skinny or membranaceous at
the edge, which is very much turned in, conical, bofsed, the
bofs darker coloured ; if inch high. Flesh thick, white.
tem hollow, buff, darker downwards, 4 Inches high, thick as a
goose quill. Ring , when present, cottony, brown buff.

Ag. marginatus . Batsch. Found by Air. Relhan in Madingley
J ood, and White Wood near Gamlingay, In the Park at Pack-
gton.

i Q ^ C *

Ag. (Bull.) Gills pale brown buff, broad, few, 4 in a
set: pileus dead whitish colour, nearly flat: stem
white, gently tapering upwards.

Vol. IV.— T

289

reticula'tuHo

margiiiahus*

dryophyPlus.

CRYPTO'G'AMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Boost*

BuFFi

j BoIt.6~Bull. 434, (with several variations in the colour of the stent
and the pilous.)

■ . m

Gills loose, faint dusky flesh-colour, soft, pliable, tender.

Pi leu s convex, nearly flat when fully expanded, tender, watery,
thin, 4 or 5 inches diameter.

Stem hollow, shining, gradually tapering upwards, sometimes
twisting, splitting into fibres, surface irregular, 5 inches!
high, near \ an inch diameter. Bolton. Pileus when fully
grown sinking in the centre.

Jo . repandus. Bolt. Ag. dryophyllus. Bull. Shady woods.

Aug. Sept.

Var. 2. Gills pale brown buff, numerous, irregular: pileus

dark brown, flat, velvety: stem pale brown, short.

Bull. 43 4. D.

Gills loose, pale brown or buff, numerous, irregular.

Pileus dark brown, flat, centre deprefsed, surface velvety to the
touch.

Stem hollow, pale brown, short. Juice milky, mild. Specimen
and description from Air. Stackhouse.

Coplar wood, near Hereford. Sept. 1791.

Var. 3. Gills nearly white: pileus reddish buff: stem reddish.

Bull. 434 ; upper figures.

Gills loose, 4 or 8 in a set, nearly white, pretty closely set.

Pileus flattish, unequally waved at the edge, 1 to i-§- inch over,
reddish buff, sometimes streaked at the edge, dimpled in
the centre.

Stem hollow, reddish, paler and thinner upwards, 2 inches high,
thick as a raven’s quill. Root crooked.

Edgbaston Red Rock plantations, amongst rotton leaves.

September

nodo'sus. Ag. Gills pale buff, 4 in a set: pileus convex, pale buff:

darker in the centre : stem light buff : root a knob.

Gills loose, pale buff, 4 in a set, not crowded.

Pileus pale buff, centre rich brown buff, regularly convex, sdme
what plaited at the edge, inch diameter.

Stem with a fine hollow, cylindrical, pale buff, i-£ inch high, ra
ther thinner than a crow quill. Root a small hard knob.
In the Earl of Aylesford’s Park atPackington, Warwickshire

, Autumn1

*Ag. Gills brown buff: pileus blue, convex i stem blue*

ardosia'ceus.

CRYPTOGAMlAi FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose,

Y EL LOW.

Bull. 348.

Gills loose, brown buff, 4 in a set.

Pile us blue' slate colour, convex, centre deprefse*d, inverted when
old, but the edge still turned down ; 2% to 3 inches diameter.
Flesh white.

Stem hollow, grey blue, white at the bottom, tapering upwards;
4 inches high; thick as a goose quill. Bulliard.

Ag. ardosiaceus . Bull* Pastures near Headington Wick copse.
Dr. Sibthorpe. Sept.

(5) Gills yellow.

*Ag. Gills pale yellow, 2 or 4 in a set : pileus pale yellow, flaVus*
conical) dry, thin, tearing: stem coinprefsed, twisting.

Bolt. 68.

Gills loose* irregular, very broad towards the outer end, waved
at the edges, tender, primrose colour.

Pileus conical, pale yellow, dry, smooth, silky, shining, tearing
as it expands in several places nearly to the centre ; 3 to 4
inches over.

Stem hollow, splitting, often comprefsed, furrowed and twisted, 3
or 4 inches high, f inch diameter. Bolton.

Mr. Bolton’s name (laceratus) has been before applied to a

different species, vide Scopoli n. 1 513.

Dry banks and barren pastures about Halifax, but rare. Bolt*

Ag. (Linn.) Gills brimstone yellow, 4 in a set: pileus
pale yellow, convex: stem yellow, cylindrical.

Bolt, 65. ( not Schtfjfljg.)

Ag. stipitatus, pileo pallido : disco luteo, lamellis sulphureis.
FI. suec. 1219. Gills pale sulphur colour, which readily distin-
guishes it. Fileus convex, pale, centre yellow and marked with
a tawny star. Stem naked, smooth. Linn.

Gills loose, narrow, moderately numerous, thin, pliable, dull
brimestone colour, uneven at the edge.

Pileus convex, cylindro-conical when young, pale yellowish
buff, bright yellow at the apex, 1 to 3 inches over ; very thin
and semi-transparent, shewing the edge of the gills through,
which gives it a streaked appearance.

Stem hollow, readily splitting, pale dusky yellow, sometimes
quite white, 2 to 4 inches high, thick as a raven quill.
Whole plant very tender and brittle.

T 2

eques'ti

GRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose ,

Yellow.

Maior Velley justly observes that this cannot be the 35th of
Ray, which is the aurantius. Gills yellowish, unequal, distant.
f ileus pale yellow, smooth, convex, gelatinous, transparent, shew-
ing the insertion of the gills in a starry form round the apex, and
the spot formed by the insertion of the stem forms the centre of
the star. Stem long, tender, hollow. Mr. Stackhouse.

Ag. equestris. Bolt. Pastures, Edgbaston Park. July, August.

*Var. i. Broader and shorter. Curtain evanescent.

Bolt. 1 49- Bull. 563. 2.

Gulls loose, yellow, white when young, dirty brown when old,

4 in a set, thin, tender. 1

Pileus yellow, convex, often somewhat raised in the centre,
tearino- at the edge when old, near 3 inches over.

Stem hollow, yellow throughout, smooth, splitting, 2 inches high,
thick as a goose quill. Bolton.

Ag. favidus. Bolt. On dunghills after rain. June, July. —
i Pastures near Bath. In Herefordshire and Worcestershire. Mr.
Stackhouse.

vduti'pes. Ag. (Curt.) Gills pale yellow, 8 in a set: pileus brown

orange, nearly flat : stem yellow above, velvety
and dark brown below.

CKrMv.40-JW7.344— Vaill. 1 2.8.9.

Gills loose, in contact with though adhering to the stem, pale
yellow, 8 in a set.

Pileus gently convex, nearly flat with age-, brown orange, glu-
tinous, irregular in shape, often curled at the edge, 1 to 3
inches over. Flesh yellowish.

Stem hollow, dark brown and velvety below, top yellowish,
thickest downwards, splitting, yellow within, 2 to 4 inches
high, 2-8ths to 3*8ths of an inch in diameter.

This has been confounded with Ag. sulcatus,. well figured in
Bolton 135, but though very much alike at first sight, the struc-
ture is sufficiently different to prevent their being again mistaken.

Ray Syn. p. g. n. 51. Ag. mutahilis. Huds. 61.5. 22, and Relh.
936, seem to be this plant, but on their authority, supported by
that of Mr. Woodward, the mutabilis of Schxffer is introduced in

its proper place. , . *

Ag. nigripes. Bulb Varies very much in size ; grows in clus-
ters, many from 1 root, generally attached to rotten wood. Oct.
April, not uncommon.

, * , , “ . ■ \ . 1

f , 4 1

cruenta'tus. Ag. Gills pale yellow: pileus yellow brown, with red

streaks: stem light brown.

292

1

CRYP FOG AM I A. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose . 25

Grey.

1

Gills loose, pale yellow, 4 in a set;.

Pile us yellow brown with dark blood red streaks, convex, ra-
ther bofsed, 2-$ inches over. Flesh very thick towards the
stem, pale yellow.

Stem hollow, light brown, scored, cylindrical, 2-§ inches high,
near -5- inch diameter, spreading out at the top so as to form
one substance with the pileus.

In the Earl of Aylesford’s Park, Packington, Warwickshire.

Autumn.

A. Gillsloose, yellow, 2, 3,or4*masct: pijeus& stem pinky, auran'tius

Var. 5. Ag. aurantius. See page 263.

(6) Gi lls grey.

i £1

Ag. (Scop.) Gills silvery grey, uniform; pileus grey ova'tus.
brown, plaited: stem white.

Curt. 1 0 1 -Schec ffl 6 7 . 6 8- Vail/, xi i . 1 c . 1 1 .

(Gills loose, in contact with but not fixed to the stem; silvery
grey changing to black, very numerous, and so close set
that it is hardly practicable to separate them ; uniform, de-
liquescent.

Pileus brown white or silvery grey, egg-shaped to bell-shaped,
with remarkable plaits or folds extending from the edge
nearly to the centfe, from 3 to 4 inches over. • ’ ^

Item hollow, white, brown at the base, tender, cylindrical, 3 to
4 inches high, 2-8ths to 3*8ths diameter, thickest down-
wards.

Mr. Curtis has discoved that the sides of the Gills are con-
lected to each other by very fine filaments, which accounts as he
>bserves for the difficulty of separating them. I suspect Mr.

Jghtfoot’s Ag. plicatus to be a different plant, for he describes
he gills as terminating short of the stem and leaving a vacant cir-
le round the top of it.

Ray Syn . p. 5. 11.2 2. Ag. strlatus. Huds. 617. Ag. fug ax .
chxff. At the bottom of a gate post. 15th Oct.

Vg. Gills grey, uniform : pileus white, beautifully frosted 2 consper'sus*
stem white.

Bull. 5 42.2.

Jills loose, uniform, grey when full grown, but soon difsolv-
ing into a black liquor: quite white when young.
ileus watery white, but incrusted with beautifully white flakes;
thin as tifsue paper, very soon curling up and difsolving

T3

\

m

fnomenta'-

n-eus*

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose *

Gjrey.

into a watery fluid replete with black seeds , if inch from

the edge to the apex. .

Stem hollow, tapering upwards, pure white, 5 inches hign; thick

as a raven’s quill. , . _ , ,

Ag. stercorariusi Bull. On Dunghills, and in Poultry yards.

June,

Ag. (Bull.) Gills grey, uniform : pileus grey, streaked,
centre brown orange ; stem white.

FUan.%%2 , 2-Bull. 1 2$-B attar. 27 . D-Bolt.39 , C-Micb, 75.6.
When mature, it is perfectly horizontal on its stem: Mr.
Stackhouse; but it hardly remains an hour in this state, the
edge curls up, and it difsolves into a watery fluid containing an
immense number of black egg-shaped seeds.

Gills loose, in contact with, but not connected with the stem,
grey, very fine and slender, uniform, sometimes split; when

young white.

Pileus conical, soon becoming flat, grey, centre brown orange,
extremely thin, nearly transparent, edge uneven, 1 to if .

inch over. ... ,

Stem hollow, beautifully white, cylindrical but rather tapering,
upwards, brittle, splitting, a little scurfy, 2 to 4 inches hign, ,

thick as a goose or a crow quill.

When fully expanded the gills and the pileus appear as it.
composed of the same substance, but examined in a younger state
die mils are quite white and the pileus the colour of horn. X he
streaks on tne pileus are only apparent, and caused by the upper
edges of the gills being seen through the very thin membranacev

jlfr. radiatuu Bolt. Ag. momentaneus. Bull. Ag . crenulaius. FI.
dan. ° Pastures after continued gentle rain. Oct April

*Var. 2. 'Gills grey, uniform: pileus tawny brown, stiongl)
streaked: stem white.

Bolt. 5±~Sch<eff. 201.

Gill? loose, uniform, grey, changing to clack. ,

PrfEtts- egg-shaped, edge turned in, scolloped, reddish blown
inches from the edge to the apex. . „

Stem hollow, white, 5 or 6 inches high, p inch diameter. Bolt
‘ Ag. rufo-candidus. Schxflf. Single or in clusters ; on the groun.

or on rotten wood.

c me

Ag. 'SuH/'EFF.) Gills grey, uniform, not reaching th
" stem: pileus grey, streaked, center brown; step
white, tapering upwards*

295

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose ,

Grey.

I f

Bolt'20-Scha’jf, ioo and 216.

Gills terminating at some distance from the stern, tender,
watery.

Pile us grey, plaited, conical, i-J to inches over.

Stem hollow, white, smooth, swelling below and tapering up-
wards like the dowering stem of an onion; 6 to 8 inches
high, 1 -8th to 3*8ths diameter. Bolton.

Ag.fimetarius . Huds. 617. Ag.pullatus . Bolt. Rich meadows,
or dunghills. June,

Var. 2. Gills 4 in set; pileus semi-transparent : stem in ap-
pearance horny.

Bull . 88.

Gills ending short of the stem, so as to forma channel round it,
grey, broad, numerous.

Pileus semi-transparent, smooth, but sometimes deeply furrowed,
brown, flapping or hanging down at first, then turning up,
tearing at the edge and then from its elastic nature the seg-
ments turning up.

Stem hollow, horny. This is well described by Bulliard, and
though of such apparent firmnefs it difsolves into an inky
fluid, the stem often surviving the destruction of the pileus.
Mr. Stackhouse.

Ag. cinereus. Bull. Meadows and road sides. Powick near
W orcester, Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 3. Gills grey, in pairs, extremely narrow, not reaching
the stem: pileus grey, conical, plaited, buff in the centre, patched
with white pieces of the wrapper : stem white, tapering upwards.

Gills loose, terminating at some distance from the stem, dark
grey, very narrow, 2 or 4 in a set.

Pileus grey, with white blotches, the remains of the wrapper,
conical, i-f-inch high, centre light brown, or buff.

Stem hollow, white, covered with a beautifully white soft down,
very tender, splitting, tapering upward, thick at the root, 7
inches high, thick as a duck’s quill.

* Ag. (Linn.) Gills pale grey, uniform: pileus mouse
grey, conical, blunt: stem grey, smooth.

Yaill.xn.i .2-(Muh,'j s.g, referred to in FI. Suec. is wholly white.
This referrence is rejected in Sp. PI. but our Bnglish botanists
supposing the fig, p, the only error , quote Mich. 75.6, but this
is Ag, mo?nentaneus> a much smaller plant , has a pileus fiat when
expanded^ veryt tbin} scored on each side} and a white woolly stem .

campanula'-

tus.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose .

Grey.

r $

-Schtfff. 31, has a bright yellow stem , and gills 4 in a set.)-*
Schceff. 2 1 1 , A, I believe , /o be reckoned a campanulatus, varying
chiefly in the gills being dr awn in pairs, but whoever has attended
to the inaccuracy with which the gills are drawn in these plates,
will hardly think that an objection.

Ag. stipitatus, pileo companulato striato pellucido, lamellis ad-
scendentibus, stipite nudo. Sp. PL

Gills ascending, grey or black. (Gills white. FI. lapp. 507.
FI. Suec. ed. i. 1054.) — Pileus grey, viscid, membranaceus, coni-
cal bell-shaped. Stem naked, smooth, very long. Linn. — Gills
uniform, white or very pale grey. Pileus mouse grey, conical,
blunt, i inch high. Stem hollow, grey, polished, 2 inches high,
thick as a swallow’s quill. Va ill. Par. p. 71.

Meadows, pastures, and woods. Sept. — -Oct.

* Var. 2. Gills whitish grey, turning black, uniform: pileus
yellow brown, bell-shaped, blunt: stem greyish.

Schatff ','6-Clus.ii. 293, bottom at the left hand-Dod.f&2.i-Lob.ic.
ii.2j2-Ger.em, 1 580.2-Park. 1 32 1. 1 g- Vaill. 12.5.6, another
variety , with gills in pair s- Bat tar. 27 ,E. Mr. Woodward.)

Gills loose, uniform, pale grey and then black with dust.
Pileus at first hemispherical, the edge tearing with age, f inch
from the edge to the top.

Stem hollow, greyish, roughish, 1 to if inch high, thick as a
raven quill. Schceff Huds. Very common on decaying
stumps. Pileus shaped exactly like a woman’s thimble, with
a small dimple at the top; yellow brown streaked with
black. Gills spoty grey, that is, powdered with black. Mr.

W OODWAR n.

Ag. aquosus. Huds. 6 1 g. Ray syn. p. 7. n. 36. Ag. truncorum .
SchaefF. On wet rotten wood. Aug. — Oct.

a'tus Ag. Gills brown grey to black, 2 or 4 in a set: pileus
light brown, smooth, half egg-shaped: stem cylin-
drical, white.

Bolt. 53-Bull. 164, varies a little from it , in having no appearance

if a ring , and the pileus being scored-Fl.dan.iO'jo.

„ % , . -

Gills loose, in contact with but not united to the stem, moderate-
ly numerous, 4 in a set, brown grey changing to black and
deliquescing.

Pileus light brown, or like ivory, polished, smooth, wrinkled
when old like wash-leather, bluntly conical, or rather the
shape of the broader end of an egg, if inch from the edge

• -

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Loose.

Grey.

297

to the apex, and as much acrofs at the base. Flesh thin,
white.

Stem hollow, white, smooth, cylindrical, pithy within, bulbous
at the base, 5 inches high, thick as a goose quill. Hollow
sometimes very fine, and without pith.

Curtain evanescent. Ring seldom perfect.

Ag. atramentareus . Bull. A g. ciliaris. Bolt. Ag. bicolor. FI. dan.
Cow pastures and dunghills. June — Sept.

Var. 2. Gills grey, mottled, 2 or 4 in a set : pileus pale
brown, smooth, shape of half an egg: stem brownish, cylindrical.

Bull. 58.

Gills loose, grey, mottled, turning black, broad, mostly in
pairs, numerous, deliquescent, shorter gills narrow in pro-
portion to the long ones, and olten not extending to the
edge of the pileus.

Pileus brownish white, smooth, sattiny, exactly the shape and
about the size of the broader half of a hen’s egg cut acrofs
its longer axis.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, brownish white, 2 to 3 inches high,
thick as a crow quill.

Ag. paplionaceus. Bull. Edgbaston Park. 7th Nov. 1790.

Ag. (Curtis.) Gills grey, in pairs: pileus ash-coloured, plicat'ilis.
centre brown yellow: stem white.

Bull.$\2.f. i-Curt.200-Batsclj2-Batiar.2j. B.C-fNot F/.dan .

832.2.)

Gills loose, not reaching to the stem, grey or purplish grey,
changing to black, semi-transparent, deliquescing, not
numerous, in pairs.

Pileus grey with a tinge of yellow, centre brown yellow, coni-
cal, flat when expanded, edge at first turned down, with age
turning up, sides semi-transparent, plaited, centre with a
small bofs sunk in a hollow, ^ to 1 inch over, centre under-
neath white, fleshy.

Stem hollow, white, smooth, cylindrical, feeble, 2 to 3 inches
high, thick as a crow puill.

Curtain very evanescent, its remains sometimes fringing the
edge of the pileus.

Ray syn . p. 9. n. 47. Ag. eghemerus. Bull. Ag. virgineus.

Batsch.

This has been confounded with the Ag. momentaneus , but the
gills being in pairs, and their approach to the stem limited by a
fleshy circle in the centre of the pileus on the under side, are at
all times sufficient to point out the difference.

Grafs plats and new mown fields. April — Oct.

I

9o CRYPTGGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Hollow and Low,

Grey.

exara'tus. Ac.. Gills dirty grey changing to black, in pairs ; pileus

plaited and striped.

Bolt.$i -Bull. #o-S chaff. 3 2 yXery nearly tie plant.

Gills loose, in pairs, dirty grey or brownish, changing to black.
Pileus conical, afterwards expanding, smooth at first, when ex-
panded scored and plaited, alternately brown and lead-
coloured; if inch over. It difsolves the second day into a
brown liquor.

Stem hollow, whitish grey, 5 or 6 inches high, thick as a swal-
low’s quill. Curtain evanescent, its remains only appear-

• ing on the stem whilst very young. Bolton.

Ag. campanulatus. Huds. Ray syn. 8. 41. Ag. pheatus. Bull.
Ag, campanulatus. Bolt. Meadows, plentiful. Sept. Oct.

Var. 2. Gills 2 or 4 in a set: pileus, plaits regular, centre
smooth, brown. Mr. Stackho use.

cinc'tulus, * Ag. (Bolt.) Gills dark blackish grey, 4 in a set : pileus

brown bay with darker belts, conical : stem dirty

brown.

Bolt . 162, ( not Schatff. 48.)

Gills loose, dusky black, broad in the middle, tendei, brittle,
Pileus a broad blunt cone, red-deer colour, with a broad dark
brown belt, which colour penetrates the whole substance; 2 to 3
inches over. Stem hollow, dull dirty brown, cylindrical, 3 inches
high, nearly as thick as a goose quill, Bolton.

Ag. suberosus. Bolt. On dunghills aftei rain. Pastures, South
Leigh, Oxford. Dr' Sibthorpe. June— July.

rhomboide'us Ag. Gills purplish grey, broad, 4 in a set: pileus widely

conical, very dark brown: stem light grey, scored.

Gills loose, grey with a purplish tinge, broad, shouldering up
to the stem but not united to it, nearly rhomboidal in shape.
Pileus very dark brown, shining, not viscid, cylmdro-conicai,
bofsed, uneven at the edge, i to if inch high.^

Stem hollow, light grey, cylindrical, scored, 2 to 2f inches high,
nearly as thick as a goose quill.

In the Earl of Aylesford’s park; Packington, W arwickshire.

Autumn,

I

CRYP TOGA MIA. FUNGI. Agaricus, Stems later ah 299

White*

<

*

B. Stems lateral,

( 1 ) Gills white.

t ' v

Ag. Gills white, variously anastomosing: pileus white, Iabyrinthi-
eeini-circular, downy : stem lateral, brown white, JoiTnis,

knotty.

Scbteff. 43 and 44, resemble the plant, but the plate has more colour,
and the stem is lefs knotty .

Gills decurrent, white, variously anastomosing, and though
generally parallel, sometimes afsuming the form of circular
or angular cavities like the pores of a Boletus.

File us white, semi-circular, irregularly scolloped at the edge,
covered with a short woolly down ; 2 to 4 inches over. Flesh
white.

’Stem solid, 4 or 5 inches long, thicknefsof a little finger, tough,
very knotty, dirty brownish white.

Plantations Edgbaston, on the ground amongst mofs.

13th Sept. 1791.

Ag. (Bulliard.) Gills white to yellow brown, the long ses'silis,
ones forked: pileus milky white, flat, thin.

Bull.i 52-Jacq. fl.2?>Z-Bolt.rj2.2-Pet.gaz^r>.Z,

Wholly white, tender, brittle and pellucid; in figure nearly
semi-circular, sometimes with three lobes. Dickson.

Gills fixed, mostly uniform, splitting, white, changing to brown-
ish yellow.

Pileus white as milk, flat, thin, half an inch over.

Stem, or more properly perhaps, Root, a blackish knobby sub-
stance.

Without a stem, growing by its side on rotten sticks, in
hedges, Buckinghamshire, Mr. Knapp. — From whom 1 first re-
ceived specimens in the year 1787. — At first wholly white ; in
time the gills turn yellowish, and in a dry season the whole plant
dries and turns black before it decays. Mr. Woodward. — Gills
set extremely fine, unequal in length, pale brown, narrow. Pileus
snow white, powdery, convex when young, flat and the edge
deflected with age ; thin, tough. The whole springs from a kind
of pedicle, and never exceeds the size of a sixpence. Mr. Stackh.

Ag.niveus. Jacquin and Dickson; but that name had been
given before to a well-established species.

Ray syn. p. 22. n. 8. Ag. se/silis. Bull. Ag. flabellatus. Bolt,

On rotten sticks, See. under hedges, frequent.

3°o

#

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Stems lateral.

White.

i

©streg/tus. Ag. ( Jacq.) Gills white, irregular, long ones often branch-
ed at the base: pileus brown, smooth, thin, and
wrinkled at the edge.

Curt. 21 6 -Jacq. austr. 1 04.

Gills fixed, whitish, of various* lengths, the long ones often
forked towards the base and anastomosing.

File us brown, smooth, rather shining, thin and wrinkled at the
edge, from 1 to 8 inches broad, from 2 to 10 inches long or
more. Flesh white, tough.

Stem, or rather root, solid, tough; penetrating deep into the
crack of the beech tree, on which it grew.

Very much resembling the shape of an oyster, but hollowed
underneath. It has a faint sickly smell.

Mr. Woodward suspects that this in a more advanced age may-
be the Ag. conchatus.

Near Ditchingham, Norfolk, on decayed ash. Mr. Woodw.
In clusters of 5 or G or more on willow, or elm. Mr. Stack ho use.
— In a cleft in the bark of a large beech, near the root; Edg-
baston Park. Dec. — Jan.

Var. 2. Proliferous.

GUIs pure white, unequal. Pileus dark olive colour, leathery,
thin; edge turned down. It rises from a sort of pedicle, from
whence 1, 2, 3 or more mishapen lobes proceed. From these
lobes other little lobes come torth. Description and drawing from
Mr. Stackhouse.

Powick, near Worcester.

t * I ’ - _ <_ ,t

1 . $ 1 *

glandulo'sus Ag. Gills white, their sides studded with globular glands :

pileus dark brown: stem lateral, white.

Bull. 426.

Gills white, very decurrent, studded with globular glands,
which when difsected out and magnified appear like prickly
. * balls.

Pileus rich dark brown, very large. Mr. Relhan measured one
which was 18 inches by 14. Flesh very thick, white.

Stem lateral, very short, white. Bulliard.

M. Bulliard tells us it grows on large trees, and on stumps cf
trees towards the end of autumn and in winter. Air. Relnan
found it at Babraham near Cambridge, and communicated this
discovery to me.

Ag. glandulosus. Bull.

dimidia'tus, * Ag. (Sch^ff.) GUIs whitish, branched: pileus red

brown and grey, semi-circular, convex, scaly, fleshy,
turned in at the edge : stem lateral, whitish.

.CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agarkus. Stems lateral . 301

BrOVVN.

Schd'ff%2 33.

Gills fixed, only branched near the edge of the pileus.

Pile us greyish with reddish brown scales, i£ inch by 2 f.

Stem solid, inversely conical, fixed to the side of the pileus, full
-§• inch long, and about as much in diameter.

This differs from the Ag. ostreatus in being solitary, the
pileus scaly, the gills not decurrent, branched towards the margin
only, and not anastomosing at the base. It differs from the Ag..
betulinus in being fleshy, convex, the margins inflected, and
having a short stem. Mr. Woodward.

Ag. campestris . Schasff. On an old ash at Ditchingham. Mr.

Woodward.

*

(2) Gills brown.

L %

Ag. (Bulliard.) Gills rich brown, extremely numerous coneha'tus.
and irregular: pileus brown, shining, glutinous, the
edge greatly turned in.

IN//. 2 98.

Gills decurrent, rich brown, very numerous, of every varying
length from 7 inches to lefs than \ an inch.

Pileus brown, rather shining and glutinous, convex, or con-
cave, edge rolled inwards and downwards, 7 inches from
the root to the outer edge, and nearly as much in breadth,
but its vaiious contractions make its shape very irregular.

Flesh thick, brown white,

Stem solid, short, thick, brown.

Ag . conchatus. Bull. Edgbaston, on large trees.

3d Aug. iygr.

* A

'f * / *

Ag. Gills orange brown, not numerous, irregular : pileus aurantio-
o range brown, nearly circular: stem yellow brown, ferruginous
between central and lateral.

* t ■ ' 1 * i

Gills fixed, orange brown, thin, not very numerous, of 3 or 4.

different lengths, not at all decurrent.

Pileus orange brown, dry, scaly and cracking ; convex, nearly
circular from 3 to 5 inches over. Flesh yellow.

Stem solid, more yellow than the pileus; i-§- to 3 inches long,

"a kch diameter, sometimes swelling out into a globular sub-
stance near the gills; lateral in the large but nearly central
in some of the smaller specimens.

Grows in clusters, is of a rich orange brown, and throws out
* great quantity of seeds from its gills, of the same colour. It

3° 2

palma'tus.

pla'nus.

flabellifor'mls

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Stems lateral*

Brown.

connects the agarics with central stems with those which have

lateral stems. ., .

At the foot of an oak gate post on the side of the Birmingham

road near to Hales Owen. Oc:.

*Ag. (Bull.) Gills red brown, 4 in a set, but irregular :
pileus deeper brown red, flat, oblong : stem reddish
white, eccentric.

Bull. 2 1 6.

Gill?, long ones terminating on a membrane which prevents
their adherence to the stem; few in number, very irregu-
lar. Bul liard. Unequal, lighter coloured than the pileus.

Pileus brown red, flat, membranaceous, “edge turned down.

Stem solid, strong, inserted near the edge of the pileus. Sub-
stance very leathery and tenacious. The place of growth
is very particular, viz. on the perpendicular side of a post*
out of a knot in the solid undecayed wood, pointing first
horizontally and then turning upwards. Description and
drawing from Mr. Stackhouse. M. Bulliard says it is
found in Autumn on the squared sides of timber, and also
on trees both healthy and decayed, at the height of 60 or
80 feet. In Mr. Stackhouse’s drawings the pileus is about
jf or 2 inches over; the stem about 1 inch high, and j dia-
meter, but the figures of M. Bulliard are much larger, and
more of a brown colour.

*Ag. (Bolt.) Gills mouse brown, thin, pliable, 4 in a
set : pileus mouse brown, flat, with narrow stripes
near the edge.

Bolt.'] 2. 3*

Gills fixed, 4 in a set, spear-shaped, soft and tender.

Pileus smooth, semi-circular, brownish mouse colour, markedi
near the ed^e with 3 or 4 narrow concentric lines of a dar-
ker colour ; waved at the edge, neai 1 inch broad and.

something more in width.

Stem solid, very short, more properly perhaps to be considered
as a root. Bolton.

Bulliard 1 40, seems a variety of this.

Ag. planus. Bolt. Grows upright on the ground. Oct.

*Ag. Gills yellowish brown, numerous : pileus smooth, ^
mealy, whitish : stem short, variably eccentric.

S chaff. 208.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Stems lateral .

Brown.

' /

Gills decurrent, mostly uniform, light yellowish brown.

Pile us smooth, tough, leathery, mealy, whitish, with deep rust
coloured tints near the stem, set upon the stem like a leal
on its stalk, but sometimes more central, and turned up
like a funnel ; i to inch over, the edge cut into irregu-
lar segments.

Stbm solid, dark brown, to f inch high, thick as a crow quill.

Drawing and description from Mr. Stackhouse.

]Ray syn. p. 25. n. 23. Ag. semigetiolatus. SchcefF. Stumps of
oaks, Aldenham, Salop. Hazle stumps, Powick, Worcester ; fre-
quently growing in clusters.

I

* Var. 2. Pileus about £ of a circle, 1 inch diameter, entire
at the edge.

Bolt.'] 1 - 2 - V call, 1 o. 7 -Bux b. v. 1 o . 1 . 2 .

Grows single or tiled ; of a dry leathery substance, a smooth
surface, and either a white or dull pale yellowish colour.

Gills 4 in a set, but irregular, narrow, short ones numerous.

Pileus smooth, clothy.

Stem scarcely any. Mr. Stackhouse.

Ag. semipetiolatus. LightEoot. Ag. lateralis. Hudson. Ag .
lateralis . Bolt. On decayed branches of trees. Aug. — Dec.

*Ag. (Dickson.) Gills ochre coloured, 8 in a set : pileus mol'lls
whitish, convex, variously shaped, almost gelatinous*

. ' • . 1 • • , , ^ : i • :

. Sch<ejf.2 1 s-Batsch.^S.

An inch or two in length, and half as much in breadth. Stem
none. The whole of this Agaric is very soft and tender, so much
so as scarcely to bear handling. Pileus pale brown or dirty
white, simple or variously lobed, waved or wrinkled. Gills pale
yellow. Mr. Woodward. Stem, or more properly perhaps root ,
a small dark coloured substance. ,

Ag. mollis . SchaeiF. Ag, vulneratus, Batsch. In the pine
grove at Kirk by, on mofs.

Ag. Gills watery brown, 4 or 8 in a set : pileus light yel- ftcoi'des*
low brown, surface cracked : stem short, light brown,
clothy.

Batscbi 22-Bolt.']2.fA-Bull.5$'] .1 } ncery like it.

Gills fixed to the stem, watery brown, 4 to 8 in a set, connect-
ed by numerous crops threads.

Pileus light yellowish brown, shewing in the cracks a darker
ground, like the surface of a dried fig. from £ to i£ inch

/

04 cilYPT-OGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus.- Stems lateral.

Buff.

diameter, concave in the centre, edge turned down ; some-
times rolled ui, sometimes plaited like a cockle shell. Flesh
whitish brown.

Stem lateral, short, hardly £ to -§ inch long and half that in dia-
meter; thickest upwards, light brown, clothy, solid. Flesh
reddish brown.

Ag. styptic us. Bull. Ag. betulinus. Bolt. Ag. depluens . Batsch.
On an' aider stump in considerable quantities adjoining to the
west end of the large pool in Edgbaston Park. Nov . Jan.

resupina'tus. Ag. Gills light brown : pileus light brown, flat : stem very

crooked, eccentric.

Batsch i 24.

Gills loose, light brown, mostly 4 in a set.

Pileus light brown, flat, thin, about i of an inch diameter, ge-
nerally reversed.

Stem solid, eccentric, crooked, shorter than the diameter of the
pileus.

Ary. Flur stedtiensi r. Batsch. On rotten wood over grown
with short mofs in Packington Park. Autumn.

(3) Gills buff.

renifoPmis. Ag., Gills pale buff, 4 lu a se* * P^eus bright brown, kid-
ney-shaped, curled, and waved at the edge.

Bolt. 157.

Gills decurrent, tough, flexible, moderately broad, pale buff,

• darker when old, and sometimes scolloped at the edges.

> Pileus bright brown or red deer colour, aarker towaids the stem,

tough, fleshlefs, smooth like vellum, i£ inch by 2*.

Stem £ of an inch in length, and as much in breadth. Bolton.
Not Schceff. 43, 44; nor Mich. 65. 1.

jlcibclliJoTtnis . Bolt. Grows on the side of old trees. Beb.

fUtidus. Ag. Gills yellowish, mostly in pairs, broad, wide apait

pileus dirty buff, convex, edge turned in*

Gills fixed, brown yellow, gelatinous, mostly in pairs.

Pileus convex, dirty brown buff colour, edge much rolled in,
surface greatly wrinkled when old, clammy, i-jf to 2% inches (

over. . ' ,

Stem hard, thick, blackish, not f an inch long; it is perhaps

rather a root than a stem.

2

1 #

CKYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaricus. Stems none* 305

This has not been described. Its form is rather elegant, swel-
ling out from the root-like stem into an oblong circular form#
and raised like a cushion. The inside is gelatinous and has an
unpleasant smell. Several plants, viz. from 1 to 7, grow from
one root, tiled one over another. Specimen, drawing, and de-
scription from Mr. Stackhouse.

On the bark of willow trees, Powick, near Worcester.

C. Stems none.

Ag. Gills grey, 2 to 4 in a set, limber, diverging from the <tpplica'tus»
centre ot the plant ; pileus dark brown grey, rather
convex.

Ag. acaulis inversus orbicularis cinereo-nigricans, lamellis in
centro contingentibus, albido caerulescentibus. Dickson.

1 Batsch t.2q..f,i2£.

Plant sitting, fixed by the top of the pileus, circular or oblong,

1 inch diameter.

Ag. applicants. Batsch. On rotten wood. [Earsham, Nor-
folk. Mr. Woodward. Willow trees* Powick, near Worces-
ter. Mr. Stackhouse.]

* — - ■ *• » •

Ag. (Linn.) Gills reddish yellow, to reddish brown, betuli'nus>
numerous, thin, very much branched : pileus pale
brown bulk, cottony, irregularly semi-circular.

Ag. acaulis, coriaceus villosus, margine obtuso, lamellis anas-
tomosantibus. FI. suec.

Bull. 346, the four lower figures -Bull. 394 -Bolt. 72.1 -Buxb.v.6~
FAdan.jf6.1-~Bull.53j, seems to represent specimens of this and
also of the Ag. qutreinus .

Gills in the younger plants 4 in a set, light brown, sometimes
branched.

Pileus thin, when young fixed to the wood on which it grows, the
gills being uppermost; it then separates from the wood and
turns up, as is more particularly explained In speaking of
the Ag. quercinus. This,, now upper part, is brown, or
greenish, and woolly, consisting of concentric circles form-
ed in ridges. It is apt to contain blades of grafs, or bits of
sticks, perforating its substance^ which only could have
happened in its soft state.

Stem none. Rather leathery than fleshy; belts variable, some
more woolly.

Vol, IV.— U

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Agaiicus. Stems none .

Gills firm, seldom inosculating. Linn. Pileus always villose,
and marked with concentric circles. Gills irregular, variously
branched, but not forming lacume as in the Ag« quercinus. Bul-
liard 394 belongs to this species, and probably Schxff. 57.^ It has
been confounded with the Ag, quercinus, by supposing it to be
that species in its young state. Mr. Woodward. Lobes ellipti-
cal, tiled, from 1 to 2 inches over, chesnut brown, in shades,
with concentric wavy circles, very velvety to the touch, of a
wooddy substance. Gills shallow, whitish, thickish, rigid, not
emitting seeds when lying upon paper. In its young state it is
gelatinous like a Boletus. Mr. Stackhouse. This species has
been involved in much confusion, chiefly arising from its different
appearance at different ages. Mr. Stackhouse sent me a )oung
plant in its gelatinous state, which accorded, as he observed, with
FI. dan. 776. 1 ; the pileus being white and the gills a rich deep
saffron colour. Bulliard 346, the lower figures, seem the same-
plant when it has just attained its firm texture ; the colour of the
gills darker and more of a purple cast. The other figures repre-
sent the plant in its older states, and of very different sizes,, the
colour of the gills being then a reddish brown, and the pileus
somewhat paler but with wavy circular streaks of a darker hue..
The figures in Bulliard 394 are very exact representations of the:
specimens now before me. It sometimes grows to the size of one’s,
hand, enlarging by proliferous offsets from the edges, each offset
havino- its own proper central point to which its gills are directed ;
but i n^this' case the gills in the centre of the aggregate plant be-
come extremely convuluted and irregularly branched.

Ray syn. p. 24. n. 19* -dg. betulinus. Bolt. P 1. dan. Trunks
and stumps of trees, not uncommon.

Var. 2. Pileus green.

Bolt . 1 58.

Probably only old specimens of the preceding, the green colour
occasioned by some other yet undetermined parasitical vegetable.

Ag. coriaceus. Bolt. On old pales. Jan*.

al'neus. Ag. (L inn.) Gills brown buff', in pairs: pileus gently]

convex, semi-circular, velvety, brown grey.

Ag. acaulis, lamellis bifidis, pulvcruientis. Linn. Ray syn.
p. 25. n.24.

Schtfff. 2 ^6-Bull. 346, the upper figures to the right hand.-Weig .
obs.2.6^Battar.fij.C.D.—Buxb.v.y.i.

Plant sitting, fixed by the edge of the pileus, wooddy, varying,
in the shades of its colours. Gills strong, but the surface downy.
Pileus velvety to the touch, from -g to 2 inches over.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. AgaricUs. Stems none.

Ag. alneus. Schacff. Ag . alneus. Bull. On decaying trunks
of trees, particularly on the alder. [At Aldenham, Salop. Mr.
Stackhouse.] Winter and Spring.

f

Ag. (Linn.) Gills brown, waved, irregularly anastomos- quer
ing : pileus brown, marked with concentric circles
of various hues, semi-circular, flatlish, soft and clothy.

i

Ag. acaulis, lamcllis labyrinthiformibus. Linn.

Bull.%52-Bo!t.'jQt-Sch<fjf>5']-Battar.'$§.A.B-Vaill.t. i ./. 1.2, in
its young state.-Buxb.v.^.i.

Gills very much branched, and anastomosing, thick, forming
oblong, angular, and nearly circular cavities, especially to-
wards the edge.

Pileus wooddy, nearly semi-circular, or of no regular shape,
marked with circular tiled ridges as well as with different
shades of colour, soft to the touch like buff leather or fine
cork, 1 to 5 inches over, or more.

Stem none.

Mr. Bolton, who has accurately attended to the occonomy of
this plant, observes that in its first stage of growth the gills are
uppermost, they are then distinct, and branched, their sides
united by minute lateral projections. In its second stage the
pileus is in part detached from the substance on which it grew,
the detached part rises up to an horizontal position, increasing in
size, whilst the other part remains fixed serving as a support to it.

As it grows older, the lateral projections of the gills increase in
•size, and filling up the interstices between the gills give them the
appearance of oblong pores. Mr. Bulliard in plate 442 has given
us several varieties of this very singular plant, and Schxffer 231
is one of monstrous or unusual growth. Mr. Woodward observes
that the union of the gills forming lacunae, leaves it doubtful
whether it should be placed with the Agarics or the Boleti. Mr.
Stackhouse says that the pileus may be said to consist only of
fructification, as it cannot be separated from the old wood without
taking with it the part it adheres to ; he also agrees with Mr.
Bulliard that it sometimes appears so much like a Boletus as to
occasion a doubt to which genus it should be referred. He further
remarks, that in some of the thick, and to appearance solid speci-
mens, the pileus is not thicker than a shilling, that the gill is a
thick leathery substance, little resembling the gill of an Agaric,
and that it is the link which connects the Agarics with the Boleti.

Ray syn . 25. n. 21.

Ag. quercinus . Schasff. Ag. quercinus. Bolt. Common on
old pales, stumps, and decayed trees.

U 2

gob

hepat'ica.

*

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Fistulina.

/ , r .1

Var. 2. Pileus green, soft, clothy.

Bolt.j^.d.

Gills brown, waved, often connected, in no regular order.
Pileus marked with concentric circles of various hues, from
green to brown ; i to 7 inches over. Flesh wooddy, thin,

white. . r

It is pofsible that the green coat may be a species o t tfylsus,

but this idea did not occur whilst the plant was fresh.

On old timber. Nov. 1790.

FISTULI'NA. Pi leus withseparate tubes underneath.
Seeds in the tubes.

F. Tubes very slender, unequal : pileus thick, soft, flesh
coloured.

%

Bull. 464, 497, and j \-Mich. 60S chaffing. 1 18.117. 1 16.12c-
Bolt. 79.

Tubes white, to yellow red, unequal in length, very slendei ,
distinct from each other, not fixed side to side or buried in
the substance of the flesh.

Pileus semi-circular, flesh red, pulpy.

Stem thick, red, lateral, sometimes wanting. Bulliard; whose
admirable drawings should be consulted in order to gain a
good idea of the structure of this very singular plant.
W hen orown 1° a good size it looks exactly like a piece of
beeve’s liver. In the different figures cited above the under
surface appears of very different colours, which Mr. Bulliard
attributes to the presence or absence of pink coloured roses
which close up the mouths of the tubes, but are detached
before the seeds are poured out. This may in part account
for the change, but it may be observed that the tubes them-
selves are also of different colours, viz. green, and brown
red. Bull.* 464, 497, Bolt. 79, Mich. 60, andScHAFF.
1 17, 118, forming the green tubed, and the otners the red
tubed species or variety. Not having had sufficient oppor-
tunities of examining the plants in a recent state, I mention
these circumstances in hopes that others who more frequent-
ly meet with them, will attend to them at diffetent age^,
and determine the matter. The fig. of Micheli is excellent,
and the structure of the tubes did not escape his penetrating
eye, as appears by the dilsected figures at the bottom. Ht
remarks that the pileus is rusty red, the flesh blood red,
the tubes dirty dull yellow, bordered at the mouth. Mich.
p. 1 10. This plant attains its growth in a few days, ant
is of short duration. Bull. Lobes elliptical, generally

l

\

4

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem central . 3o<

(i) Tubes White.

ifsuing from a short stem. . In infancy it is viscid, pulpy,
and exsuding on being pricked a bloody water : colour
deep red. When mature the upper side gets rough and
hairy, and turns blackish red or deep chocolate. The un-
der side does not afsume the form of pores till a late period.

It appears at first cream coloured, and is studded very beau-
tifully with pear-coloured pimples, interspersed with some
of a blood red.

The pores and tubes are extremely minute, being like so many
needles huddled together, nor is the aperture of the tubes very
discernible without being magnified. They are hardly f an inch
deep. The flesh of the plant now appears dry and stringy. Mr.

Stackhouse.

Fistulina buglofsoides. Bull. Boletus hepatic us. Schaffer.

Huds. Ag. porojus rubens. Ray. syn. 23. n. 12. Seems to grow
only on oak, but not always on high trees. Mr. Woodward. —

On dead trunks, or in hollows of living trees. Sept. Oct.

V s j \

F. Tubes yellow white, slanting : pileus a leathery crust, pectina'ta.

Belt. 7 sg-Ray syn. t. 1 5, at p. 28.

Fixed by the pileus, the tubes uppermost.

Pileus the colour and consistence of a cow’s hide, but softer,
upon which are fixed the tubes, not united and contiguous, but
separate. Pubes, the central ones the longest, some near ■§- inch
long. It grows in patches of various sizes, and no determinate
shape. Colour white, to buff, browner with age, and black in
decay.

Ag. pectinatus. Huds. Bol. obliquus. Bolton.-
The Bol. Igchrymans may pofsibly belong to this. In woods,
and in cellars. Ray. Bolton. P.

. . . ' -

BOLETUS. Pileus with united tubes underneath.

N Seeds in the tubes.

Stem central.

/

# »

(1) Tubes white.

Bol. Tubes white, very short: pileus concave, rich brown, pellu'cidus,
scaly : stem whitish, thick, short.

. u3

Schcejf. 122.

310

subfus'cus.

/

cyanes'cens.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem central .

(i) Tubes White.

Tubes decurrent, very short, white, semi-transparent. Pore:
white, minute, angular, f . # .

Pile us rich brown, scaly, hollow in the middle, turned down at
the edge, 2 inches over.

Stem whitish, its upper part covered with tubular pores, rather
conical, inch long, and as much in diameter.

Schaffer in pl.121, has figured another plant with a smooth
pileus, which he thinks is the same, and calls them both B . ovinus.
On account of the uncertainty of their identity, I have thought
it better to give it a new name: to say nothing of the futility of
the old oner This species is subject to be over run by the white
and the yellow Reticularia of Bulliard. Schaeffer s pi. 121 is cited
by Mr. Hudson as the B. subtomentosus of Linnaeus, which see.

Pool dam, Edgbaston. 6th Aug. 1791.

' *

Bol. (ScHjEFF.) Tubes white, very short: pileus light
brown, regularly convex.* stem pale brown: root
conical.

Sch<ejf.i$o, may serve to give some idea of it , though it is not the
giant.

Tubes white, *of an inch in length, pretty firmly fixed to the
pileus. Pores white or brownish white, very minute.
Pileus light brown, smooth, uniform, clothy to the touch, con-
vex, 4 or 5 inches over. Flesh very white.

Stem pale brown, covered with a beautiful white net-work over
its whole surface, 3 inches high, and 2 inches diameter.
Root conical.

Much like the Bol. elephantinus in its habit, but differs in the
colour of its tubes, stem, and pileus, as well as in the form of the
latter. No part of it changes colous on exposure to the air.

Edgbaston Park, under the large oak near the wall of the
square stew. eP *

Bol. Tubes white, brownish with age: pileus brown, con-
vex, very fleshy : stem brown, rounded at the base.

Bull. 369.

Tubes dirty white, -f-of an inch long, not decurrent. Pgic> small,
nearly all alike.

f The pores': are the open ends of the Tubes which present themselves to
the eye upon turning up the pileus, previous to any difsectionof the plant.
These apertures are "sometimes of a different colour from the body or -he
Tubes, but that cannot be observed without separating the tuoes.

€R YPTOG A MI A. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem central.- on

A. h kJ

(i) Tubes White.

Pi leu s brown, convex, very fleshy, from 5 to 8 inches over.

Flesh white, changing to fine blue when exposed to the air.

Stem brown below, white above; 2 to 3 inches high, i£ to near
2 inches diameter, cylindrical upwards, the lower part
rounded and egg-shaped. Bull.

Observed by Dr. Sibthorpe in the walks of Magdalen College,

Oxford. Sept.

Bol. Tubes white and very short : pileus brown, irregular: polypo'rus.
flesh very thin: stem brown, rarely central.

Bull. 4. 6g.

Tubes where longest about l-ioth of an inch, in some places not
1 -20th. Pores yellowish white, circular, so small as hardly
to be perceptible to the naked eye.

Pileus flattish, but irregular, the edge cooped in and deprefsed
in places, cracking, from 3 to 6 inches over. Flesh not
i-ioth of an inch in thicknefs. When the pileus is quite
central on the stem, it hangs flapping down on every side.

§tem dark brown above, paler below, tough, thickening upwards,

2 inches long, •§ to 1 inch diameter. The stem varies in
every degree of eccentricity, from perfectly central, to per-
fectly lateral, in which last state it is wrell figured, though
from small plants, in

Bolt, 168.

Mr. Bolton observes the change it undergoes when very old,
and Mr. Bulliard has a figure which pretty well represents it in
that state though I am aware it is an old plant of a different species.

Bull. 360,

But in their very old and wooddy state these plants lose their
distinguishing characters.

Gathered in all the above different states at the foot of some
paling in the old Worcester road facing the cottage by the Park
Gate, Edgbaston. June,

Bol. Tubes white : pileus bay ; flat, thin; stem brown- leptoce'pha-
ish. lus*

Jacq.ntlsc. 1.12,

Tuees white, very short.

Pileus tawny bay, flat, thin, leather-like; about 1 inch diametci.

Stem pale or reddish brown, thick as a crow quill and about ■£
inch long.

First observed in this island by Mr. Dickson, growing on rot*

$en sticks. Fasc. iii. p. 21.

f

312

I v . . .j

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem central .

(2) Tubes Brown.

aurantia'cus. Bol. (Bull.) Tubes whitish : pileus red orange : stem

whitish, rough.

Bull. 236 aml^8g.f. 2 ,R.S.

Tubes not decurrent, brownish white, i-gd of an inch long, rea-
dily separating from the pileus. Pores brown white, circu-
lar or angular.

Pileus convex, full orange red, viscid, 4 to 6 inches over, and
sometimes much larger, thin at the edge, and withoutjubes
for about i-ioth of an inch. Flesh yellowish white, not
changing.

Stem whitish, or pale yellowish white, rough with coloured pim-
ples like the skin of a goose, thickest downwards, either
rounded or pointed at the base; spongy within, 2 to 3^
inches high, £ to 1 inch or more in diameter.

Fir plantations at Barr, Staffordshire. June.

\ » -fl

(2) Tubes brown.

hovi'nus, Bol. (Linn.) Tubes pale yellowish brown, unequal in

length: pileus brown or olive, clammy: stem thick
pale brown with rusty stams.

Boletus stipitatus, pileo glabro pulvinato marginato, poris com- *
positis acutis, porulis anguiatis brevioribus. Linn.

Bull. 60.

Tubes pale yellowish brown, not touching the stem, the longest
to f inch long. Pores brown white, becoming more brown,
and red brown with age.

Pileus convex, thin at the edge, dark brown to olive, . or tawny
brown, viscid; 3 to 6 inches over. Flesh very thick, spon-
gy, white, not changing colour.

Stem dirty white with reddish stains, white in the flesh, but some-
times with a reddish tinge, 3 to 7 inches high, and F to 1^
inch diameter.

This species, though not uncommon, has been the occasion
of great confusion, partly because it had never been well figmed
before the 60th plate of M. Bulliard appeared, and partly from
the Linnxan character holding forth the inequality of the pores
as its most prominent feature. It is true, the pores appear very
much like a piece of sponge, both in colour and shape, and admit 1
of great variety in size and figure, especially as we find sets of
tubes together, opening with small pores, surrounded by other
longer tubes, which Linnaeus calls compound pore?. This is
striking circumstance, but as it likewise exists in several other of

>

3T3

CRYPTOGAM I A . FUNGI. Boletus. Stem central .

(2) TuBfes Brown.

the larger Boleti in their fully expanded state, instead of aiding
the discrimination it has promoted the confusion of the specie .
Not lels than ten of the plates of Schaeffer have been first and
last given to this plant, though none of them represent it except
103, and 104, which are varieties, and 134, and 135, which may
also be varieties, but it does not appear that they are known as
British plants.

Schoeff. 105, is the B. luteus, with bright yellow tubes and
pores, and a crimson and yellow stem.

• 107, has green yellow tubes and crimson pores, and is

B. rubiolarius.

108, is a variety of the B. luteus.

1 12, has green yellow tubes and pores, with an orange

pileus.

130, has lemon coloured tubes and pores, a dotted

brick red pileus, and a yellow and pinky stem.

* 133, is the B. lactifluus, with a milky or yellow juice.

Micheli t. 68, 6g, generally; 68. 1. and 68. 1, 2, more parti-

icularly have been referred to for the Bol. > bovinus, also Battar.
29. A. B, and 30. A. B; but notwithstanding a general resem-
blance in the figures, the descriptions of the authors give little
reason to belive that they are the plant.

Edgbaston Park. End of Oct.

Var. 2. Tubes pale, yellowish; pores tawny: pileus huffy
i*brown : stem red brown, reticulated at bottom.

Bolt. 85.

Tubes not touching the stem ; pores round, small. Sept.

Var. 3. Tubes brown white, Pileus brown, clothy. Stem
dirty white, tapering greatly upwards.

Eo/t.%6-Scbccff.iCh±, but the tubes represented more yellow than Qtirs.

Tubes not connected with the stem, brown white, sometimes
greenish, hardly of an inch long. Pores dilute watery
brownish white, irregular in shape and size.

Pileus warm brown, paler towards the edge, regularly convex,
feels like fine cloth, cracking superficially at the edge, but
not so as to shew the flesh. Flesh white, changing slowly
when cut to a pinky cast.

Stem dirty white, pear-shaped at bottom and tapering upwards,
4 or 5 inches high, \ to i|- diameter. Flesh white, that of
tlie bulbous part changing slowly to a bluish, but that above
to a pinky cast.

Pastures, Edgbaston. August.

Var. 4. Pileus dark brown ; stem rough with scurfy scales
pointing upwards,

sub-squa'-

inosus.

pcren'nis

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem central ,

(2) Tubes Brown.

Bull, 132,5/7^489./ I —Schct’jf. 1 03.

Stem more cylindrical than in the preceding.

Pastures, Edgbaston, with the former. August,

* Var. 5. Pores white, angular. Pileus brown, scaly and tes-
sellated.

Dicks. %.2-Scop.annAWi .5.

Pores very white. Pileus dark brown, hard, about 2 inches
over, the surface tefsellated something like the cone of a fir. Stem
thick, 3 or 4 inches high. Dickson.

Found by Mr, Lightfoot in woods near Bullstrode, Buck-
ingham, August.

Bol. Pores pale brown, oblong: pileus yellowish brown,
with red brown scurfy scales : stem brownish, taper.

Pileus 3 inches in diameter, the centre hollowed, the edge
turned down , often splitting in dry weather. Flesh solid,
pure white.

Tubes pale brown, decurrent.

Stem tapering downwards; brownish below, yellow brown
upwards.

It has the smell of the Bol. edulis.

Grows in upland pastures amongst heath and furze. Mr.
Stackhouse. June.

»

Bol. (Linn.) Tubes ochrey brown: pileus flattish, hol-
low in the centre, striated, marked with alternate
circles of brown and tawny : stem red brown.

Bol. stipitatus, perennis, pileo utrinque planiusculo. Linn.

Bull. 28, co riaceus.—Schcejf. 125-Bull. 449. 2-Bolt. 8j-Fl. dan*
1075.2. . »

Tubes decurrent, ochrey yellow brown, not separating from the
pileus, extremely short. Pores round or angular.

Pileus flattish, hollow in the centre, striated with hairs, marked
with alternate circles of brown and tawny ; 1 to if inch
over; leathery.

Stem red brown, often eccentric, 1 inch long, thick as a raven’s
quill,

M. Bui hard remarks the disposition of the pilei to unite when
they happen to grow in contact with each other.

Stem short, small, wiry. Pileus very thin at the edge, choco-
late colour when young, with a greenish cast when old. Pores
irregular, small, snuff-coloured. The whole plant is leathery or

I

CRY PT OGAM I A# FUNGI, Boletus, Stem central . 31 *

(2) Tubes Brown.

%

wooddy, and frequently comes up so thick that the pile! run into
one another. Mr. Stackhouse.

Dean and Chapter Grove, Hereford, on old charcoal pits.

Common hill wood, Fownhope. Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 2. Tubes, pileus, and stem cinnamon colour.'

Bull. 2 §<]r-Jacq.coll. I. t . 2.

Wholly cinnamon coloured within and without.

Tubes decurrent. Pores angular.

Pileus flat convex, striated, thin, hollow in the centre, 1 inch
over, soft and silky to the touch.

St em woolly, an inch high, and as thick as a crow quill.

Pileus thin, woolly, marked with zones; very brittle when
tdry. Dickson.

Pol. cinnamomeus. Jacq. First found in this kingdom by Mr.

Dickson, but given to us with no other habitat than the general
one of — pastures.

L . \ '

*Bol. (Linn.) Pores tawny, rather angular, of different sub-tomen-

shapes : pileus yellow, somewhat woolly : stem to'sus,

yellow.

Bob stipitatus, pileo flavo sub-tomentoso, poris sub-angulatis
difformibus fulvis planis, stipite, flavo. Linn.

Mich. 68.2. /

Pileus convex, fleshy, by no means smooth or clammy ; sharp
at the edge. Pores with blunt angles, the ends forming a plano-
concave surface. Stem smoothish. FI. Suec. — This is introduced
on the authority of Mr. Hudson, who refers to Schasff. t. 121,
with yellowish white pores, and a whitish stem.

In woods near Eshar, Surry. Huds. Sept. — Oct.

Bol. (Bull.) Tubes olive colour ; pores rich red brown : rubcola'rius,
pileus and stem red cinnamon.

Bull. 100, and ^O.i-Schseff.iO’j.

Tubes olive colour, fixed to the stem. Pores rich red brown,
variously shaped, but mostly oval,

Pileus red cinnamon, convex, soft to the touch and lather clam-
my. Flesh thick, spongy, buff colour, instantly turning
blue when wounded.

Stem red cinnamon and bulbous below, yellow, reddish, and
cylindrical above ; spongy within and rich yellow, but in-
stantly changing to a blue; 2^ to'g inches high, £ to 1?
diameter.

[6 C-RYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem central .

(3) Tubes Ruff.

1 ^ 1

In its young state the pores are crimson, and the centre of the
pileus of a chocolate colour.

Edgbaston Park, under Spanish chesnut trees. Aug.

\

mpcra'tus. Bol. Tubes decurrent, red, or yellow red: pileus yellow,

smooth, nearly flat : stem dirty yellow.

Bull. 4 5 1 -S overly 3 4.

Tubes decurrent, short, deep orange or earthy red. Pores .
browner, open, irregular.

Pileus yellow, flat, thin at the edge, 3 inches over. Flesh thick,
tinged with yellow.

Stem dirty greenish yellow, cylindrical, if to 2 inches high,
3~8ths of an inch diameter.

First found by Mr. Sowerby in Hainault Forest, towards
Chigwellrow, Efsex, in tolerable plenty ; who informs us that its
pungency on the tongue and throat is like that of a Capsicum.

(3) Tubes buff.

nummula'- Bol. (Bull.) Tubes very short, buff colour : pileus co-
rjus# Jour of horn, convex, dimpled : stem colour of horn,

black at the base.

Bull. 124.

Tubes loose from the stem, buff, very short. Pores angular;

general surface underneath the pileus concave.

Pileus the colour of brown horn, with a black circle at the edge,
gently convex, but hollowed in the centre ; tough like lea-
ther, smooth, very thin, from f to if inch diameter,.

Stem colour of brown horn, black at the base, smooth, 2 inches
high, thick as a goose quill.

Mr. Bulliard figures the stem as more or lets eccentric, and
says they are always so, but the specimen from which the preced-
ing description was taken, and others which I have seen since, ai e
exceptions to this observation. Mr. Dickson observes that it is
chiefly found on slender rotten branches of hasle. He' quotes the
fpr. of Bulliard, cited above, and in his second fasc. refers Bolt,
go to this plant, but I thinks Bolton’s is a different species.

°’On a piece of rotten stick by the tail of the pool in Edgbaston
parkt 1 6th March, 1791. 1

ni'^ripes. Bo L. Pores ochrey red $ tubes decurrent: pileus whitish;

stem blach*

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem central.

(4) Tubes Yellow.

Tubes decurrent, very short. Pores minute brown buffer ochrey
colour.

Pile us whitish, flattish, a little spotted, the size of a sixpence ;

the edge thin and slightly turned down.

Stem black at the bottom, about 1 inch high; thick as a crow
quill.

Found by Mr. Stackhouse growing on the stump of an ash cut
off and rotting, at Pendarvis, Cornwall.

(4) Tubes yellow.

Bol. Tubes yellow, short: pileus dead white, convex, but elephanti'nus
very irregular: stem yellow, thick and short.

(Schd’Jf'. 134 and 135, nearly resemble it, except in colour.)

Tubes yellow, the longest not more than i-3d of an inch, adher-
ing firmly to the pileus. Pores very small, circular.

Pi l Eiis dead white, convex, but very irregular in shape, from 2
to 4 inches over, downy in the deprefsed parts, cooping in,
and so thick in flesh as to leave but little space for the tubes.

Stem yellow, 1 to 2 inches high, and nearly as much in diameter.

I named it from its thick clumsy stem, and its general mafsy
appearance.

Pled rock plantation, Edgbaston Park. Sept. 1791.

Bol. (Bull.) Tubes green yellow : pileus brown : stem ed'ulis,
light brownish yellow.

PI. dan. 1 oyq-fW/.qgq, very large.

Tubes greenish yellow, more than l of an inch long, not fixed to
the stem, readily separating from the pileus. Pores brown
yellow, circular, small for the size of the plant.

Pileus pale or deeper brown, with rust-coloured patches, nearly
globular, and 5 or 6 inches over when opening, but a flat
convex and 7 or 8 inches acrofs when fully expanded.

Flesh white, attaining a greenish colour when wounded.

Stem light brown or yellowish, 3 to 5 inches high, if diameter,
tapering upwards.

Mr. Bulliard reckons this a variety of the B. bovinus of Linn.

Fir plantations at Barr, Staffordshire. Aug,

Var. 2. Smaller: pores large: pileus huffy, dark brown at
the edge and fleckered with dark brown stains: stem yellowish,
with rusty stains.

Pileus near 3 inches over. Stem 2f inches high, full ■} inch
diameter. Flesh white, turning greenish.

1

I

I

jg CRYPTOGAM! A. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem central.

(4) Tubes Yellow.

In Packington Park. Ako at Pendarvis, by Mr. Stackhouse,
who observes that the smell is grateful, and that the skin of the
pileus readily strips off. July— Autumn.

grega'rius. * Bol. Pubes yellow j pores oblong, unequal . pileus bun,

fiattish, dark or pale chesnut : stem pale chesnut,

pinky below.

Fl.dan.ioi8,

Tubes short. Pour small, angular, yellow. .

Pile us reddish yellow, clammy, smooth, thin, flat, 2 to 4 inches

over. Flesh white. _ .

Stem insensibly swelling into the pileus, and expanding till it
loses itself in the rim ; 3 to 4 inches high, -§• inch diametei .

I met with this in the summer of 1790, and marked its sin-
gularity in being fasciculated, before I saw the plate in the FI.
dan. It is much eaten by insects. Mr. Stackhouse.

Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.

lu'tcus. * Bol. Tubes deep yellow: pileus deep bay, striated .

stem dirty white : ring permanent.

Bol. stipitatus, pileo pulvinato sub-viscido, poris rotundatis
convexis flavifsimis, stipite albido. Linn.

Sch£ f. 1 1 4 -Hedu'ig th. 36.210.

Tubes deep yellow, of an inch long, readily sepaiating from
the pileus. Pores round, very small and regular.

Pileus rather conical, edge turned in, deep bay, darkest in the:
centre, striated with hairinefs, viscid, g to 4 inches over*
Flesh white, not changing* #

Stem dirty white, cylindrical, widening at the top, bulbous at the’
root. Curtain membranaceous, whitish. Ring permanent. .
Schaffer.

Woods and pastures. Aug.—~ Uct#.

©liva'ceus. Bol. Tubes bright yellow : pileus olive brown : stem.

brown below, yellow or crimson above.

B0ft.S4-Schaff.to5, andy5-(jb. 108, seems to be a variety.)

Tubes bright yellow, the longest next the stem about i of an-
inch ; instantly turning blue when wounded. Pores bright;
yellow, round or oval.

Pileus olive brown, 3 to 4 inches over, edge turned down.
Flesh yellow, instantly turning blue when exposed to the

air.

\

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem central .

(4) Tubes Yellow.

Stem brown below, bright yellow or crimson elsewhere; 3 to 4
inches high, y inch diameter. Curtain brown, fugacious.

Mr* Bulliard quotes Bolt. 84 as a synonym to his B. annular: us ,
but the latter has a yellow pileus with streaks, a permanent ring
on the stem, and the flesh not changing colour when exposed to
the air.

Church Lane, Edgbaston, hedge banks and amongst mofs. Sept.

Var. 2. Pileus dark brown, woolly: stem crimson at the
base.

Tubes yellow. Stem pale yellow, the base crimson, and streak 3
of crimson extending upwards. Flesh white, when cut changing
slowly to faint blue, but only so in places.

In Packington Park. Autumn,

Further observation may perhaps shew it to be distinct.

Bol. Tubes yellow : pileus blood red, changing to rich sanguineus,
red brown : stem yellow, with broad crimson streaks.

Tubes yellow, a little decurrent, unequal in length, but mostly
about 1 -8th of an inch long, changing to deep blue when
broken. Pores lemon yellow, angular.

Pileus crimson, semi-globular, y to inch over; when old
rich red brown, near 3 inches over, and the edge turning
up. Flesh white, a little tinged with crimson next to the
skin, changing slowly to a bluish cast when wounded.

Stem, blotches or streaks of dilute crimson on a yellow ground,
apparently twisted, 1 to 2\ inches high, near 3-8ths diame-
ter. In the larger specimens the base is bulbous.

I have never found this species elsewhere than on the spot
mentioned below, and no author 1 meet with has figured it. In
its button state the blood red pileus, the yellow and crimson
stained stem, and the fine lemon-coloured pores render it a beau-
tiful object. I once only found it in an expanded state as described
above, growing on the same spot, but am rather doubtful as to the
identity of the species.

Between the large square stew and the wall, in Edgbaston.

Park. Aug.

Bol. (Bull.) Tubes yellow, decurrent : pileus gently con- chrysenkeror.
vex, pinky red : stem yellow below, pinky upwards.

Bull- 393-

Tubes decurrent, yellow, 1 -3d of an inch long, changing ro
greenish when broken. Pores yellow, round 01 oblong.

Pileus a flat convex when fully expanded, pinky red, 2 to 3
inches over.

2

/

^20 CRYPTGGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem central*

(4) Tubes Yellow.

Stem yellow below, pinky upwards, swelling below, buttapering
again at the root; 2 inches high, -f- inch diameter.

Rookery, Edgbaston. July.

fla'vus. Bol. Tubes brown yellow, a little decurrent: pileus
orange, shining, viscid ; stem yellow.

Bolt. 169, excellent- (Bull. 332, nearly allied to it , but not the
same.)

Tubes brownish yellow, a little spreading down the stem. Fores
lemon colour, irregular in shape and size, the larger ones
divided by partitions, the ends of the partitions shorter than
the ends of the larger tubes.

Pileus convex, edge rather turning up, deep orange when young,
paler with age, shining with a viscid varnish, 2 to 4 inches
over. Flesh pale yellow, not changing when cut.

Stem yellow, 1 to 3 inches high, cylindrical, to \ inch diame-
ter. Curtain white, connecting the edge of the pileus with
the stem, and leaving a ring on the stem.

Mr. Bolton cites Bull. 332 for this plant, but it differs in its
dry pileus with red streaks, and its white flesh.

In several of the plantations in Edgbaston Park. Aug. Very
frequent in the pleasure grounds at Enville. June.

lactif'luus. Bol. Tubes yellow, pileus red buff : stem bright yellow :

juice like milk.

Schcef. 133, (71 early the same.)

Tubes in contact with the stem, yellow, lefs than £ of an inch in
length. Pores bright yellow, very minute. They seem as
if Ailed up by the exsudation of an inspilsated juice.

Pileus reddish buff, or fawn-colour, very convex, viscid, 2 to 4
inches over. Flesh thick, white, solid.

Stem bright yellow within and without, paler with age, £ to
inches long, 3 -8ths thick.

When fresh gathered the plant abounds with white milky
juice, not acrid. Its flavour is like that of the Ag. campestrisi
When old the milk is lefs abundant. Schaeffer’s plant is de-
scribed as having a yellow juice, and the pileus purplish red; in
other respects they agree*

Edgbaston Park. 5th Aug. 1791*

sub strict us. * I3ol. (Bolt.) Tubes ditty yellow: pores minute: pi-
leus dirty yellow, convex, thin : stem dirty yellow,
hard, tough, sometimes eccentric*

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem lateral

(1) Tubes White.

Bolt.ij o.

Tubes* the longest about of ah inch. Pores pale yellowish co-
lour, minute, regular, angular when magnified.

Pile us yellow brown olive, inclihing to ash colour, gently con-
vex, thin at the edge, smooth, tough, leathery, i to 2 inches
over. Flesh thin, white.

Stem dusky or yellowish, white within, cylindrical or comprefsed,
hard, tough, 1 to 2 inches high, thick as a goose quill*
Bolton.

Near Darlington, and North Dean near Halifax.

Stem lateral.

k „ , < - f . ; , - ft -

i . . > / • - t - - •

(1) Tubes white.

Bol. Tubes white, decurrent; pores white: pileus white,' al'bidus.
lobed: stem whitish.

Schtfj}'. 124.

Tubes decurrent, white, not perpendicular to the pileus but slop-
ing so much towards the stem as to be nearly horizontal;
near the stem of an inch long, shorter towards the edge
of the pileus. Pores white, angular, very irregular in shape,
ragged at the end, often appearing sinuous, especially to-
wards the edge of the pileus.

Pileus white, or buff and edged with white, a fan-shaped expan-
sion of the stem turning up, and wrinkled at the edge, from
f to 4 inches over ; often tiled.

Stem solid, lateral, pinky white, sometimes only a knob, but
generally -§to 3 inches long, and i*3d of an inch diameter.

The whole plant is white, but the whitenefs depends on a very-
fine dense cottony substance, which is readily abraded, and then
discovers a pinky tinge, and when more abraded a foxy brown.

It is much perforated by the stems and leaves of grafs, and grows
on the ground, but attached to bits of decayed wood.

Red rock plantation, Edgbaston, plentiful. Aug. Sept.

*Bol. (Jacq.) Tubes white: pileus dies nut coloured, rugo'sus*
shining: stem hard, uneven, chesnut coloured, shin-
1 ing.

' Curt, 224-Bull.j and 4.59-Jacq.austr.i6q-Batsch 225*

Tubes very white. Pores exceedingly small. Thunb. jap. t. 39*

Vo l. IV. — X

frondo'sus.

hetuli'nus.

GRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem lateral .

( i) Tubes White.

Pileus flat, semi-circular, or more: highly polished, marked
with concentric grooves; edge thick, wrinkled, 3 to &
inches over.

Stem lateral, chesnut-coloured, hard, uneven, shining as if var-
nished, 3 to 5 inches high, 1 to 2 inches in diameter. Some-
times without a stern. Mr. Woodward.

Bol. lucidus . Curt. Bol. obliquatus. Bulliard; who de-
scribes his plant as varnished in every part except where the
pores are, but has not exprefsed it so in his figures. Pileus ob-
lique, lateral, purplish brown, wrinkled in circular wavy lines,
highly varnished, puckered at top, a wave of dirty white at the
rim. Pores very minute, dirty white. Stem thick, crumpled, co-
lour of the pileus. Mr. Stackhouse.

Stumps of trees. Eversden and Linton Woods, Cambridgesh.
[Ditchingham and Brome. Mr. Woodward. — Woolhope, Here-
fordshire. Mr. Stackhouse.] July — Sept.

* Bol. Tubes white: pileus brown, lobed, tiled: stem
black at the base, very irregular.

27. dan. 952 -Se.ha.ff. 12S.12g-B0lt.y6-Barr.126S .

Tubes decurrent, white, about i-ioth of an inch long. Pores
very small, very numerous, circular, or angular, some-
times confluent.

Pileus pale yellowish brown to deeper cinnamon, leathery,
waved, lobed, sometimes jagged, lobes tiled one over ano-
ther, 2 inches wide and rather more in length.

Stem very irregular and mifshapen, expanding so as to form the
pileus, about an inch high, or more, sometimes almost co-
vered with pores, never central, black at the base, several
together in clusters, near an inch broad. Rel^an. Dicks.

I saw one at Brome growing at the bottom of an old tree,
which measured nearly 2 feet acrofs, and the tiled lobes next
to the tree more than C inches deep. Mr. Woodw.

1 v

Bol. Tubes pure, white, very short : pileus pinky brown,
edge curled in : stem black*

O

Bolt. 1 59- (not Bol. betulinusy Bull. 312.)

Tubes very white and short, from i-ioth to i-50th of an inch
long. Pores very minute; general surface concave.
Pileus smooth, oblong, convex, curled in at the edge, pinky
brown, thin, flexible, often divided into tongue-shaped
lobes. ' Flesh white, £ of an inch thick, very thin at the
edge.

Stem lateral, black, 1 to 2 inches long, f inch diameter.

r

CRYPTOGAM I A. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem laterah

(2) Tubes \ ellowish..

. . W]‘‘oIe P‘an' lathery, tough, 2 to 4 inches wide, and 2 to 8

inches long; looks when growing, and smells like the Ac. ostrea-
tus. The tubes do not separate from the pileus except in the

oider plants ; in the young ones I have found it next to impofsi-
Die to detach them* r

323

On the stump ot an ash tree ; Edgbaston.

May.

Bok, Tubes dirty or ochrey white: pileus golden yellow; crista’tus,
variously shaped; jagged, curled: stem brown.

S' chid ff. 3^.317.

Tubes short, not separating : pores irregular.

Pileus very irregular, mostly hand-shaped and lobed, but ia e-
ged, twisted and curled. J &

Stem wooddy, distorted, irregular, thick, porous.

First observed as a British species by Mr. Dickson, growing
on trunks of trees ; he tells us it sometimes attains the height off
reet. Dicks, fasc. in. 21, a

Bol. lubes yellow white; pores large, angular : pileus
pale buff, pencilled with feather-like scales.

FUan. 893 -Schtff. ior and iQ2~BulL 1 i^-Bclt.^~Bat:ch 41-
Stcrb. 1 3 , and pofsibly 14.

Tubes short, nearly white, slanting. Pores large, whitish, an-
gular, varying much in size.

Pileus pale buff, adorned with feather-like scalesofa deeper dve,
sometimes with a tinge of red, semi-circular, or fan-shaped,
from 5 to 14 inches over. Flesh white, firm, elastic.

Stem lateral, dark-coloured, white within, from 1 to 2 inches
long, and as much in breadth.

It has a rank tungous smell, and is apt to abound with maz*

gots. s

On the stumps of various kinds of trees; much crowded too-e-
t ther. In the rick yard, Edgbaston, on the stump of an ash. June.

squamo'susj

(2) Tubes yellowish.

* Bol. Pores yellowish : pileus dirty yellow; stem dark rangiferi'nus
brown, branched.

PhJ. trans. abr.x. pi. 20./. iog, at p.yo^Blackst, frontispiece
-Bolt. 138.

Tubes decurrent, dirty yellow, ragged at the extremity,

Xa

324

CRVPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stem lateral .

(2) Tubes Yellowish.

Pileus an expansion of the stem, dirty yellow, oblong,- about 2

inches by if. , ...

Stem dark brown, if to 3 inches high, thick as a swan s quill ,
often with one or more lateral branches, splitting at the end
into several horn-shaped branches, with yellow tops, or else
expanding into the pileus. Root a congeries of brown sub-
stances as large as hasle nuts. Bolton. — The whole plant
bears a resemblance to the palmated branching horns of the
larger species of deer. Profefsor Marty n, who first pub-
lished an account of it, says, that his plant was 2 feet high.
It was of a dusky red colour, inclining to black ; the pores
and the tips of the horns of a cream colour.

Both Mr. MartyiTs and Mr. Bolton’s plants were found affix-
ed to a log of wood in a cellar.

calce'olus. Bol. (Bull.) Tubes buff colour, pores very small : pileus

deep buff to chesnut, hollowed in the middle, thin

and waved at the edge. . .

Bull. 46. Bol.elegans , the chesnut colour eel pileus ; lb. 445. 2, the
buff pileus; lb . 360, an old plants which If it was not for the
Recurrence of the pores on the stem would also represent the Bol*
polyporus in its old and wooddy state .

Tubes decurrent, the longest near f of an inch. Pores buff co-
lour, smafl, but not all of the same size.

Pileus deep buff to chesnut colour, firm and hard to cut, like a
cork, hollowed near the insertion of the stem, thin and
waved or curled at the edge, 2 to 4 inches over.

Stem lateral, sometimes approaching to central, tough, white,
conical, gradually losing itself into the pileus and becoming
covered by the pores, so that it is difficult to decide its
length, which however may be considered as near <m inch
in the larger specimens, and i*4th to 3-8ths diametei.
The plant is much crowded in its growth, so that the sub-
stance of one often unites with the substance of those ad-
joining it. ,

Bol. eleeans. Bull. 46. Stump of an ash tree, nek yard, Edg-

hasten. >ne-

» * V

, f ,1; * Bol. (Bolt.) Tubes yellow, very short : pileus dead

ia yellow, thin, smooth: stem yellow.

Bolt.^-Battar.^. A.-Fi dan. 1075.1, Is very like the plant, but
the pores are white , pofsibly an omifsion in the colouring.

Tubes about a line in length. Pores circular, so minute as not
to be discernible by the. naked eye.

3

CRY PTOGAMIA, FUNGI. Boletus. Stemlefs .

(i) Tubes White.

%

Pileus yellow, smooth, flat, very thin, leather-like, i to 2 inches
in diameter.

Stem lateral, dull yellow, gradually spreading out at its top so as
to form the pileus, -§• to near 1 inch long, f inch diameter.
Root hard, black. Bolton.

Qn the trunk of a fallen willow. August.

Stemless*

*

, (1) Tubes white.

\

BpL. (Linn.) Tubes white, pointed: pores irregular:
pileus white, convex, smooth, thin.

Bolt* 1 62~£«//. 48 2 . F.

Bol. acauiis, pulvinatus, albus, lacvis, poris acutis difformibus.
Snowy white; soft as sponge. Linn.

Pileus arched, thin, wrinkled, sometimes marked with zones,
grey white, very watery when young. Bulliard. — Tubes of un-
equal lengths. Pileus white, downy when young, smooth when
old, but made uneven by rising bunches. Bolton. — This is
known from its perfect resemblance to cork. Lobes thick. Pores
irregular in their shape. Bull. C. D. G. are redder than I have
seen it. Mr. Stackhouse.

Trunks of ash trees in Westmoreland, common. Plentiful
near Bath, on stumps of trees. Mr. Stackhouse.]

Bol. (Jacq.) Wholly white, crustaceous, spreading: pores
on the upper surface only ; slanting.

Jacyjnisc. 1 . 1 1 -Bolt. 1 67, the lower figur e-Mich. §^.2,

Crustaceous, white, spread thin, accommodating itself to the
surface of the ground or of the rotten wood on which it grows,
from 1 line to several in thicknefs, soft when young but firm.
Pores ve ry small, cylindrical, numerous, a little slanting, cover-
ing the whole upper surface only. Jacquin.

On rotten wood. Dicks. 18, and decayed branches of trees.
Relh. n. 1044. — [I found this in a ploughed field near Bungay,
apparently growing on the ground, but on examination it arose
from a decayed root near the surface. Mr. Woodward.— On the
bark of fallen trees in the rookpry, Edgbaston.] April.

Var. 2. Pores very shallow.

Bolt, 166.

At first white, thin, and like white glove leather full of pores
with short tubes, or rather resembling deep cells. In time these
pores disappear, the plant becomes thicker and firmer, the edge

*3

subero'sus.

medul'Ia-

pa'nis.

2 6

CRYPTOGAM I A. FUNGI. Boletus. StemUfs*

(i) Tu BES White.

lobed and scolloped, the surface leathery and smooth, but some-
times cracked. The edge then begins to separate from the wood,
the colour changes to pale brown, and at last to dark red brown ;
it then becomes hard, dry and brittle, the border is more raised
and the under side appears marked with black circles. In this
state it remains for a long time and at last turns black and moul-
ders. Bolton p. 166.

Bol. proteus . On decayed wood, and branches of trees, in
damp situations. On the stump of a tree that had been sawn off;
Edgbaston. Qct.— Feb.

I*

\ ’ <

galic'inus. Bol. (Bull.) Tubes white to tawny ; very short: pileus

semi-circular, whitish, smooth, thin, soft, leathery.

Bull. 433.1.

Tubes hardly the the tenth of an inch long. Pileus not marked
with concentric circles, always smooth and thin, from 2 to 5 inches
over. It is seldom found in clusters ; always on sickly or dead
willows. Sometimes it sends out fibrous roots between the bark
and the wood. Substance soft, leathery, not hard like cork; its
duration not more than 2 or 3 months. Bulliard. This grows
out of decayed willows ; it is dry and leathery ; sweet smelling,
pale brown. Pores oblong, resembling a honey comb in struc-
ture. Mr. Stackhouse.

Bol . albus. Hudson. On willow' treesf very common.

May — Oct,

Var. 1, Pileus white, downy, scolloped and almost curled at
the edge.

Bolt. 73.

Tubes white, turning to a dirty red when cut or bruised; nearly
1 - 1 oth of an inch long. Pores very irregular in shape and
size.

Pileus white, downy, when this is rubbed off, red brown; 7
inches long, 3 inches broad, thin at the edge, and waved,
if inch thick at the base.

Hedge banks, Edgbaston, fixed to half rotten wood. July.

The specimens I have seen were larger than figured and de-
scribed by Bolton; the margins were lobed and waved, but not
with so mucfi elegance. Mr. Bolton’s fig. being taken from a
small plant, it might grow with more regularity. Mr. Woodw.

Ditchingham near Bungay, and at Difs, Norfolk, W 00 dw.

suavekdens, Bol. (Linn.) Tubes very long, white changing to tawny:

pileus smooth, semi-circular, white or tawny : dev;;
yellow brown. Bull,

• f

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stmlefs. 327

( 1) Tubes W hite.

Bol. acaulis, superne Icevis, salicinus. Linn.

Bui/. 3 1 o -W alc.n.\.B. suberosus .

Tubes jit first whitish, changing to straw colour, and then to
tawny, especially at the ends, an inch long or more in
large specimens. Pores irregular.

Pile us at first white, tawny, brownish and marked with concen-
tric circles as it grows old. Flesh white or yellowish, com-
pact, like cork. Diameter from 2 to 5 inches or more. Its
odour penetrating and agreeable, but it loses this with age,
and even in the younger plants when thin it is not always
perceptible. Bulliard,

On the trunks of willow trees, in autumn, not uncommon ;
continuing about a year,

Sometimes growing tiled one above another to a very large
size. Pileus frequently tinged with orange. The B. albus of
Hudson is thicker at the base and more regular in its figure. Mr,

Wo odward. In its young st^te the whole outside of the plant
is perfectly white.

Bol. discoideus. Dicks. On old caks and other trees, frequent.

Mr. Woodward.

Bol. (Lightf.) Pores whitish, fringed, angular ; pileus spongiofsus.
brown, woolly.

Battar.^.D, £, F, G, H.-Clus.\i. 265. a-J.f?. 01.83 1.2,

Sitting, horizontal, semi-circular, convex, sometimes as big as
a peck measure. Lightfoot. Very elegant when young, turn-
ing quite black when old. Seeds when ripe falling out in form
of a yellow powder, and when examined appearing fastened to a
slender hair-like thread like the beads of a necklace. These
filaments often hang down forming festoons, from the under sur-
face of the pileus. Mr. Woodward.

Trunks of trees. Mostly on elms, and often exceeding the
trunk of the tree in diameter. Mr. Woodward.]

t

*Bol. (Wulfen.) Tubes white: pileus orange coloured, la'chryman*.
wrinkled, reticulated, with a broad, white, arched
border.

%

Jacq. Mi sc . i i .8.2 -Bolt. 167, upper figure-Scop. subt .9.3*

Stemlefs, leathery, half oval, one or two lines thick, 3 inches
long, i£ broad, smooth, flesh white. The under surface in con-
tact with the wood or the walls, white, smooth, without pores ;
but the white border contains the pores, which are sometimes ,
also found in the yellow part. The pores are circular, or qua-

I

328 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stemkfs.

(2) Tubes Brown.

drangular, or comprefsed, and contain water. Wulfen, in Jacq,
raise, ii. p. 1-1 1 •

In heaps on deal planks in places exposed to wet where they
communicate with the walls. Dickson, fasc. i. p. 18; excluding
by the advice of Mr. Woodward the references to Ray and Hud-
son. [On decaying wood in cellars frequent. Not uncommon
on gates and posts exposed to the weather, but in such situation*
does not spread much. Mr, Woodward.]

r , • _

Y^rsi'colqr. Bol. (Linn.) Tubes white : pileus striped with different

colours.

Bol. acaulis, fasciis dicoloribus, poris albis. Linn.

Bull, 8b-Schcejf. 258 and 26g-Boli.8i-Jdrale.n.g—Battar.^^.A.

Pores very minute ; tubes very short, wearing out with age.
Mr. Stackhouse. Tubes very short. Pores circular or angular,
varying in size. Pileus thin, velvety, striped in concentric cir-
cles of various colours. This plant is very common. In its first
stages of growth the pores are uppermost, in time it quits its at-
tachment by the pileus and reverses itself, as explained in the ac-
count of the Ag. quercinus.

On trees, rails, and stumps, P.

* v '*■'./ * * ^1-j

(2) Tubes brown.

cuticula'ris. Bol. (Bull.) Tubes dark brown, long: pores rich yel-
low brown: pileus dark red brown, semi-circular,
very uneven.

Bull. ^62,

Tubes long, darker brown than the flesh. Pom minute, regular,
rich yellow brown, when turned sloping to the light exhibt-
ing silvery reflections like the pile of velvet.

Pileus rich dark red brown, often whitish at the edge, strongly
marked and made very uneven by concentric ridges ; some-
times one stratum of the plant laid on another ; 3 to 5 inches
wide, 1-5- to 3 inches broad. Flesh thin, brown.

Gn a dead alder stump below the cascade by the side of the
brook, Edgbaston Park. Dec,

^ryptaVum* Bol. (Bull.) Tubes rust coloured, very long: pileus rust 1

coloured, thin, supine.

B till. q.j8~Bolf, 165,

Tubes f an inch or more in length, constituting almost the
whole substance of the plant. Pores rusty brown, very minute*

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stemlefs.

(3) Tu bes Red.

Pileus thin, leathery, or spongy, soft, adapting itself to the wood
pn which it grows, and serving as a base on which the tubes are
erected. Bolton. Bulliard. In M. Bulliard’s plate the plants
are represented as growing in great niafses, and cupping up.
These grew in vaults upon hewn timber. Mr. Bolton found his
on dry decayed boughs of hazle. In the course of time the whole
plant afsumes a wooddy texture, harder than cork, as is the case
with a specimen sent me by Mr. Gough of Kendal, which grew
upon the rotten branch of a plumb tree. The pores in this spe-
cimen form eleven concentric circles, one laid against the other;
and it is probable that each circle is the growth of a year. The
pileus, or the part by which it was attached, does not shew any
marks of a regular increase.

Bol. (Bull.) Tubes red brown, long: pores sinuous:
pileus rugged, zoned, brick red.

Boh. 1 60 -Bull. 49 1 . 1 .

Tubes J to f inch long, reddish brown. Pores sinuous or laby-
rinth formed, greyish or reddish brown. Pileus rough, wrinkled,
marked with distant concentric circles of a lighter or darker
brown colour, semi-circular, to 2 inches radius. Flesh wooddy,
pale brown, veined, smooth. Bolton. Bulliard. Lobes many
from one root, waved at the edge, pustulated on the upper sur-
face ; reddish brown. Pores oblong, angular and sinuous. Mr.
Stackhouse; to whose attentions I am indebted fora specimen.

On old trees, and roots. [Trunks of trees cut off, or on the
adjoining ground. Mr. Stackhouse.] Sept.

Bol. (Bull.) Tubes grey brown : pores labyrinth-form-
ed : pileus woolly, with zones of different shades of
the same colour.

♦

Bull. 408, W5OI./.3-E0//.163, young plants.

Tubes x of an inch or more in length. Pileus thin, semi-
circular, leathery, mostly brown or red brown. Bulliard. In
habit much resembling the B. versicolor, but differs in the colour
and length of the tubes. Pileus sometimes green.

On trees, stumps, and rails, not uncommon. B.

(3) Tu bes red.

* Bol. Tubes very short : pores blofsom coloured : pileus
brownish or ash coloured, arched, warty, thin, trjng-
ed at the edge*

329

lab'yrinthU

for'mis*

uni'color*

laciniaftus.

339

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stemlefs.

(3) Tubes Red.

(Bull. 366. Boletus imbricatus , is something like it.)

fT uhcs very short and slender ; pores very minute, blofsom
colour. Pileus very thin, lobed ; lobes arched and hanging over
each other, an inch wide and i£ long, leathery, deeply fringed
at the edge* surface pustular, mottled, yellow brown or ash colour.
Root and thickest part of the pileus like cork. Description and
drawing: from Mr. Stackhouse. M. Bulliard’s Bol. imbricatus
seems something like it, but is a much larger and more luxuriant
specimen, perhaps also in an older state, for the pores have a
deeper shade of colour. It however is more bright in its tints,
and wants the warty tubercles on the pileus, so that I dare not
cite it as the same.

Comb Wood near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.

* Var. 2. Pileus smooth, downy, sending out root-like suck-
ers from the under side.

Substance hard, leathery. Dull blofsom colour underneath.

It is rather yellower than the preceding, and had some brown
striae on the pileus.

Found near the former, of which it may be only a variety.
Air. Stackhouse.

/ k ' • • ■ * • v 4 V \ ' i » » ♦ *■* * I

abicti'nus. Bol. Pores angular, purplish changing to brown: pileus

gently convex, wrinkled, woolly, greyish, whiter at
the edge.

Dicks. fuse, ii i . g . g .

Stem-lefs, generally tiled one upon another. Pileus thin, cor^
vex but flat towards the edge, wrinkled and knotted, cottony,
greyish, paler towards the edge which is thin, and either scolloped
or entire. Zones narrow, imprefsed. Pores angular, with 1 or 2
prominent teeth. Dickson.

On decaying trunks of larch trees.

his'pidus. Bol. (Bull.) Tubes yellow red, fringed: pileus bright

red brown, rough with bristly hairs.

Bull. 210.

, ■ • . ■. , . ' • ^ i. .J

Blood red when young, in middle age the pileus purplish

brick red, the pores blackish tawny ; in old age black. The

plant is stemlefs, soft, leathery, very fleshy, 4 inches wide. Bull.

Chiefly on old oaks. Specimen sent me by All*. Stackhouse.

It is pofsible that this and the Bol, velutinus may not be spe-

f ciftcally different.

*

1

CllYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stcmlefs, 331

(4) Tu bes Yellow,

\ ^

(4) Tu bes yellow.

Bol. (Bull.) Tubes and pores sulphur colour: pileus sulphu'reus#
bright aurora, streaked.

Bull. 42 g.

Sometimes grows very much tiled, the lobes 40 or more; the
whole mafs halt' a yard in length and a foot or more in breadth.

In its first state it is soft like a custard. Mr. Stackhouse.

Tubes yellow, not longer than i-ioth of an inch. Pores very
minute, irregular in shape.

Pileus nearly semi-circular, 6 inches radius, in shape like the
under shell of a very large oyster inverted, colour bright
aurora, streaked ; thin edge bordered with yellow, for about
i-ioth of an inch in breath. Flesh thin, soft, white, some-
times stained red near the upper surface, but never yellow.

Stem next to none, but a thick mafs near 2 inches in dia-
meter fixes the plant to the tree.

This is an extremely beautiful plant, and admirably depicted
by M. Bulliard. The fine sulphur yellow of the pores flies off in
a few hours after the plant is gathered. The aurora colour ap-
pears on the yellow parts of the pileus wherever the surface is
abraded. Some specimens grow double, one over another, from
the same root.

In the cleft of a large cherry tree atEdgbaston, where a simi-
lar one was gathered the preceding year, so that it appears to be
an annual. 28th June. Woolhope, Herefordshire, and in a yew
tree, near Kidderminster. Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 2. Pileus pale yellow or buff, thick, tough, elastic, tiled.

Bolt.j^.Battar.^^. B-Scheeff.i %2-ib.i§\ , its young pulpy state.

Bol. cOriaceus. Huds. Bol. tenax. Lightfoot. In hollows on
the trunks of trees. May — Sept.

Var. 3. Pileus white.

Tubes yellow, not 1 -20th of an inch in length. Pores yellow,
irregular.

Pileus white, covered with a very fine kind of woolly knap;
marked with 3 or 4 concentric deprcfsed lines or furrows ;

4 or 5 inches over : thin and without tubes at the edge.

On an oak post, at Soho, about a foot from the ground. Aug.

Bol. Tubes brown yellow: pores pale brown : pileus very veluthnus.
irregular in shape, covered with a dense pile ot a
silvery grey colour.

C R Y P TOGA MIA. FUNGI, Boletus, Stemlefs,

* (5) Tubes Yellow,

Tubls bright gold colour, changing to brown yellow ; \ an inch
long. Pores irregular in size, angular, light greyish brown,
apparently- woolly ; largest towards the edge of the pileus
and oblong.

Bile us a very large mifshapen mafs, covered with a stiff plushy
pile consisting of upright hairs % of an inch high. Colour
silvery grey, or greenish, changing to brown orange, and
at length to black. Sometimes 12 inches by 7, and tiled
one over another; the surface rather like a sponge, porous
and cavernous: the colour varying from grey to green,
from red brown to orange brown. Flesh several inches
thick, chocholate coloured, with a rich red tinge, juicy. In
the younger state of the plant the pile on the pileus consists of
all colours from pale yellow to deep brown orange, and when
magnified appears composed of stars radiating from a centre.
It is very beautiful seen through an eye glafs, but its beauty
is soon destroyed on account of its tender juicy state. Flesh
tough, fibrous, brown yellow.

O11 trees, at Edgbaston, Oct. 1790 ; on the trunk of a fallen
oak which had been stripped of its bark about 3 years before, near
Beoley , in Worcestershire. Also near Yardley. Aug. Sept. 1792.

Var. 2. Tubes yellow, fringed. Pileus covered with a black,
or brown shag.

Bull. 493 -Bolt. 1 6 1 - Battar . 33, D. E. F. G. H,

Thick, fleshy, soft, juicy. Tubes inch long, yellow. Pileus
4 inches by 7; flesh 2 to 3 inches thick. Consists of 1 very large
lobe, growing out of the upright trunk of an ash. It is very
thick in proportion to its width. Pileus , its upper side very con-
vex, of a snuff or brown colour, very shaggy ; it consists of a
thick skin or coat; border deep, furbelowed, projecting down-
wards considerably below the flat porous surface underneath.
Flesh wooddy, tough. Tubes near an inch long. Pew very mi-
nute, bright snuff colour. Mr. Stackhouse.

BqI. villosus. Hud§,

Var. 3. Tubes and pores golden yellow, irregular. Pileus
shaggy, golden yellow to orange brown.

Bolt. 164.

Tubes f- of an inch long. Pileus lobed, tiled. Flesh whitCj
leathery. Bolton.

Grows on the ground, under oak trees*

I

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Boletus. Stemlefs.

(5) Tubes Green.

%

(5) T ubes green.

* w . * '

\ .* , , f • 1

Bol. (Linn.) Tubes green, grey, red, or brown : pores
yellowish changing to red brown, very fine : pileus
shaped like a horse’s hoof, smooth, red brown to
blackish.

Pi. dan . 953, in a younger state , Bull. 82, and 49 r , E. F. in an older
state ; 4.54 in its younger states-PFoodv^yq-SchaJf] 137; 138-*
Scot>. subt. 22. i and2-Battar.^j . E-Trag. 940.

Bol. acaulis pulvinatus lxvis, poris tenuifsimis. Linn*.

Tubes of different lengths, greenish, or greyish red brown.
Pileus grey brown, convex, tiled, centre deprelsed. Linn. Tubes
very slender, equal, colour of tanned leather, in old plants strati-
fied, a fresh layer being added every year. Pileus ve ry hard rub-
bing to a polish, marked with concentric bands or ridges, each
broad ridge indicating the growth of a year, and 3 or 4 small
ones that of the different seasons of the year; varying extremely
in colour. Flesh fibrous. M. Bulliard. Size, from 2 to 7 or 3
inches over.

Trunks of trees.

✓ ^ i

Var. 2. Surface not so hard, not rubbing to a polish. Flesh
like cork, not fibrous.

Bull./±oi-Bolt.8o-Schreff.io8--Tourn.Qjo)o.

Var. 3. Circular or elliptical and stratified in a cylindrical
form. Pores downy.

Description and drawing from Mr. Stackhouse, who found it
on cherry trees, Powick, Worcester.

On various kinds of trees. I have chiefly seen it on the

cherry and the plumb. *f*

• -• • * ' *

*Bol. (Linn.) Tubes sea green : pores circular, equal :
pileus white, convex, thick at the edge, uneven.

f It 16 made use of in Germany and some parts of England for tinder.
The Germans boil it in strong lye, dry it, and boil it again in a solution of
saltpetre. The Laplanders burn it about their habitations in order to keep
off a species of the Gadfly which is fatal to the young reindeer. It has been
used to stop the bleeding from arteries after amputations. Phil. Trans, vol.
4S, p. 588. For this purpose the hard outer part is cut off, and the soft in-
ner substance is beat with a hammer to make it still softer, It is best When
gathered in August or September.

... . V

COO

isrniu'rius.

fomenta'rius

334

CRY PTOG A MIA. FUNGI. Hydnum.

Boh acaulis pulvinatus insequalis obtusus, poris teretibus
xqualibus glaucis.

Exactly resembling a horse’s hoof, white above, hardly villose.
Pores numerous, roundish. Serves for tinder. Linn.

Trunks of trees. Jan.— Dec.

Var. 2. Colour uniform. Ray. syn. 24. n. 15.

On the trunk of an elm tree. Hudson.

HYD'NUM. Plant horizontal, hedge hogged under-
neath with awl-shaped substances.

Obs. These awl-shaped bodies which Linn^us compares to
the prickles of a hedge hog, are soft, solid, conical or cylindrical
substances, emitting seeds from every part of their surface. Bull.

- • i‘4 ’-V • / ‘ ’ ~ .1 |

With a Stem.

auriscalp'ium Hyd. Pileus semi-circular, Linn, sometimes circular,

Lightf. 1042.

Curt. 1 go-Bolt. go-Schtejf. 1 43-F/. dan. 1020-Rose §.2-Mich.j2 ,

8 -Gled.y, Boletus f.tj-BuxbA. 57 .i-Buxb.hal.i . row 2.3,p.l2g.

May it not be only a variety of H. imbricatum. Linn. This
elegant little plant which is excellently described by Curtis, is
constantly to be found in Norfolk and Suffolk, in pine groves on
a gravelly soil, of a sufficient age to bear cones plentifully. On
these, in a state of decay, and on no other part of the plant have
I found this Hydnum. Mr. Woodward. Stem solid, brown, ta-
pering upwards, rather hairy, t ~ to 2 inches high, thick as a crow
quill. Pileus kidney-shaped, brown, faintly marked with concen-
tric stripes, somewhat hairy, from i-3d to 4 of an inch over.
Prickles grey, conical, pointed.

Under fir trees at Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.
On old rotten cones, and decayed branches and leaves of firs lying
half buried in the ground. In a small plantation of Scotch pines,
called, Hardy’s Grove, near Norwich. Rose, ib.— [Pine Groves,
frequent. Mr* Woodward.] Sept. Oct.

coralloi'des. Hyd. (Scop.) Stem whitish, very much branched: branch-
es flatted, the ends bent down. Dicks. 19.

FI. dan. 450- Bull. 390 -Schcejf. 1 42- Mich. 64.2 -Clus. app, alt.1%*

Cer.em. 1582. 4 -Park *1323.2 4 -Sterb, 2 7 . G, at p. 2 44.

o

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Hydnum. 235

Large, sitting, tufted and branched, yellow white, not leathery.

Prickles slender; branches towards the ends pendent. When
young very like a cauliflower. Bulliard. Stem branched,
fleshy, white; branches roundish, thick, nearly horizontal, divid-
ing into other smaller branches, the extremities very much sub-
divided. Pileus none, Prickles awl-shaped, crooked, parallel
and bundled. Schaff.

Hollow trunks of trees near Uxbridge* Aug.

. ' L * \ • ‘ ,

IIyd. (ScHiEFF.) Stem black at the base, woody or lea- florifor'me.
thery: pileus turban-shaped, velvety, purplish.

Sch£ff.i\G,and 1 47./. 2; 6-Bu//.^53.2-M?\ Woodward also autho-
rises me to refer to the following figures; Batsch22 i . 222-Mi ch.

72. 4. 7- 56, seems to he only a variety of this species.)

Stem swollen at the base, covered with a thick woolly down,
and blackish ; substance like cork, very elastic when prefsed.

Frequently 2 or more plants united at the stem and sometimes
the pileus’ s are also united. Pileus at first fiat, or very slightly
convex, afterwards concave, covered with a fine down resembling
velvet to the eye and to the touch; of a fine ash colour, soon turn-
ing to reddish purple, and at length black. Prickles short, nume-
rous, covering the inversely conical body of the pileus quite to
the stem. Mr. Woodward. First published as an English plant
by Mr. Dickson, fasc. 1. 19, to whom it was communicated by
Mr. Woodward. The general shape is conical, ^ to 1 inch dia-
meter at the bottom, and to 3 inches over at the top. Stem
red brown. Pileus when young, lopped, white, set with shining
particles; when older convex but fiattish, afsuming a gold colour,
at length concave and scaly. Prickles tiled, pale red. Schaffer.

Earsham wood, Bungay, Suffolk, but rare. Mr. Woodward.

Hyd. Prickles pale red brown : pileus red brown with imbrica'tum
darker scales: stem pale red brown or brownish
white.

Hydn. stipitatum, pileo convexo imbricato. Linn.

Pileus pale flesh colour; unequal. Prickles whitish. Stem
smooth, whitish flesh colour.

Bull. 409-R dan . 1 j6-Sch<cf'. 1 40 -Hedw. th. 37.212, a magn .
prickle , 213 seeds, 214 threads with stamens from the stem- Pet.
gaz.g2.i6-Batsch 43.

Prickles red yellow. Pileus convex, fleshy, pale brown, de-
prefsed in. the centre, scaly.;, scales blackish, raised, pointed,

SfcttAFFER. . ,

33<>

repan 'dum.

ciis'pum

CrypTOGAMIA, FUNGI. Hydnum.

Var. 2. Pileus, edge turned inwards. Stem whitish.

Schaff. 273.

Var. 3. Prickles whitish. Pileus pale flesh colour, smooth.

Mich.'] 2.2,

Pileus pale flesh colour, unequal. Prickles whitish. Stem
smooth, white with a tinge of flesh colour. FI. suec.

Woods near Maidstone, Kent. [About Bungay, not uncom-
mon. Mr. Woodward.]

Hyd. Prickles and pileus brownish yellow: stem paler:
pileus convex, smooth, waved at the edge.

Hydnum stipitatum, pileo convexo laevi fiexuoso. Linn.

Bull. i] 2-Bolt &§-Schtfff. §\%andi$}-Fl.dan.oiiQ-Mich.']2.Qr
Vaill.par. 14.6.7.8.

Pileus often 6 or 7 inches diameter, with a short stem, exactly »
resembling the figure of Bulliard. Mr. Woodward. Firm, fleshy,
brittle, tawny yellow. 'Stem short, whitish. Pileus convex, waved
at the edge. Bulliard. Prickles bright cinnamon colour, slant-
in0', sometimes cloven, soft and brittle. Pileus flat, smooth, cin-
namon colour. Flesh white. Stem often fasciculated, pale cin-
namon, cylindrical. Bolton. Pileus deprefsed in the centre,
crooked, much bent down at the rim, leathery, dirty white or
buff. Stem lateral, crooked, short, horizontal or inclined. Prickles
numerous, crooked, decurrent, brownish. Mr. Stackhouse.

Woods about Bungay, • not uncommon. Mr. Wood.ward.
Near Haughwood, Herefordshire, in a hollow road. Mr. Stack.

Var. 2. Prickles white : pileus and stem yellow white.

BoltM.

Prickles 1 to 4 lines in length. Pileus smooth, convex, some-
times lobed and gashed at the edge, fleshy, brittle, about 3 inches
over. Stem 3 inches high, \ to % inch diameter ; brittle. Bolt.

In a deep narrow lane near Halifax. Sept. Oct.

Stemless.

Hyd. Nearly stemlefs, red brown, growing in clusters,
leathery lobed c prickles tawny red, tiled*

Scheejf. 147*1*

Resembles the Hydnum floriforme, in every thing but shape,
and the want of a stem. Its mode of growth is not unlike that-
of the thin stemlefs BoletL

5?v?

CRYPTOGAMIA, FUNGI. Hydnum.

Found by Dr. Sjbthorpe in a clover field near Whitney. See
FI. Oxon, p. 832. Oct.

Hyd. Sitting, tiled, yellow brown, with zones of a darker Davic'siw
colour.

Soberly 1 5.

Grows exactly like the Boletus versicolor, and from its colour-
ed zones may readily be taken for it. Fan-shaped ; scarcely \
in inch diameter. Mr. Sowerby speaks of it as a rare species,
liscovered only by the Rev. Hugh Davies on a decaying apple
ree in Llysduias garden, Anglesea.

Hyd. (Bull.) Heart-shaped, pendent, whitish: prickles erina'ceus,
tiled, at the ends awl-shaped, yellowish brown.

Dicks, ii. 24.

Bull. o/^-Buxb.i.^C). r .

Pileus convex, whitish, or yellowish, not leathery, 1 to 3
nches over. Prickles very long, yellowish, tiled, hanging down

0 the depth of 2 or 3 inches. Generally sitting, but sometimes
when growing in a deep cleft, its base is elongated so as to form

1 kind of stem. Bulliard.

_ On old trees.

Hyd. (Bolt.) Sitting, tawny, woody ; prickles upright, minimum.

Belt. 17 1.

Semi-globular, adhering by its base to rotten wood, solitary
)r crowded, dry, tough, leathery orwooddy, grey with age,i-ioth
:o f inch over. Flesh white. Bolton.

On a piece of rotten oak.

1 ^

Hyd. White, membranaceous, tender, spreading : prickles dia'phanum.

short, undivided. .

^ *

Substance tender, rather gelatinous, forming a thin mem-
brane, on the under side of which, pointing downwards, are
found the prickle-shaped substances, of the same colour with the
membrane. I know not how the Iiydn. mucedo differs from this.

Growing under a hollow bank, near Solihull, and found there

2 succefsive years by the Rev. Mr. Bree. Oct. — Nov.

Hyd. Tawny, membranaceous, spreading, the ends of the Barba-jovis.
prickles pencil-shaped.

Vol.IV.-~ Y

Bull. 481,2,

CRY PT OG AMI A . FUNGI. Helvella.

I have not seen it in fruit, but the representation of it in that
state in Bulliard’s figure is not unlike the fructification of the
Byfsus fulva in Plate xviii. f. 5. a .

On the under side of decayed wood lying on the ground. *

Oct.

HELVEL'LA. Pilcus on a stem; smooth on both
sides : seeds thrown out from the under surface.

agaricifor'mis Helv. (Bolt.) Stem cylindrical, white: pileus hemis-
pherical, white.

t Bolt.gS.i.

Stem •§- an inch high, not thicker than a pin. Pileus , the size
of a' rape seed. Grows single or in clusters. Bolton.

Woods in moist and shady parts about the roots of trees, under
mofses. About Halifax.

* \

lia'na. Helv. Stem cylindrical, white, smooth : pileus lobed and
. crumpled, white above, brown underneath.

Pileus snowy white, leathery, hard, crumpled and deflected in
various forms ; smooth and brown underneath ; about 3-ioths of
an inch over. Stem white solid, smooth, not at all wrinkled, £
of an inch high ; thick as a crow quill. Mr. Stackhouse ; who
found it growing amongst mofs on a shaded bark under trees,
near Pendarvis, Cornwall. Aug. — Sept. 1791.

mi'tra. Helv. Stem semi-transparent, ribbed, grooved: pileus,

• lobes growing to the stem.

Helvetia pileo deflexo adnato lobato difFormis. Linn.

*

Sower by ^g-Bull.^66 and 1 go-S c faff.! 5^.282 ,162- F/Jan A 16—
Mich.#6.j and 8-GIed.2.Elvela f.$-B attar. §.B. G.

When old turns quite black, which is the reason why Schaeffer
has figured it so many times. Mr. Woodward. It is extremely
variable, the stem from £ to 2 inches diameter, from 1^ to 4 or 5
inches high; the colour from that of colourlefs horn to pear-
ly, to brown and almost to black. The pileus not lefs variable
in shape and size than the stem. The specimens before me may
be described thus : Stem or rather a bundle of stems, about 3
inches high, nearly pellucid; connected together by places, often
serpentine, ribbed and grooved; from 1 to 2 inches diameter,*
Pileus covering several stems united together, rather brownish,
thin; brittle and tender; hanging over. Its under surface
seems granulated, and is of a pale brown.

I

339

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Helvella.

t". ' ' (

Near Bungay, but rather rare. Mr. Woodward. Close to
the wall by the ripper Stew, at Fdgbaston. Aug, — Nov.

• f

H elv. Greyish brown, paler at the edges: stem inversely florifor'inis.
conical, crooked, smooth : pileus funnel-shaped, the
edge thin, curled and plaited.

Bull. 465.1 -+Sch*ejf. 278.

Grows single or in clusters; substance leathery, Sch>eff.

From 1 to 3 inches high ; stem solid. Pileus from ^ to 2 inches
over.

Helv. crispa. Bull. Found by Mr. Dickson in woods.

IHelv. (Dicks*) Almost sitting, leathery, in clusters: pileus caryophyilx'a
funnel-shaped, cut at the edge, brown, with flock-
like radiated scores;

Bull, 483.6.7. and 278 -Sch&ff. 3 '2 §-Willd.j . 1 5.

Grows solitary or in clusters; leathery. Pileus funnel-shaped,
brown, marked with concentric circles and radiating lines of dar-
ker and lighter shades of colour, variously cut and jagged at the
edge, nearly 1 inch over. Stem tapering downwards, solid,
brown, often crooked, thicker and lopped at the root, frequently
eccentric, r -3d of an inch high, half as much in diameter. Sch.^ff.

On the ground in plantations of firs near Bungay, Suffolk.

Mr. Woodward in Dicks. [Near the ground on the inside of a
turf wall inclosing a plantation of firs near Ampthill, Bedford-
shire, opposite Lord Ofsory’s Park on the right of the road to
Wooburn. Mr. Knapp.]

s »

Helv. (Bolt.) Stem very short : pileus convex, flattish cartllagin'ea.
scarlet, smooth.

Boh. 101. 1.

This plant is firm, gristly, semi-pellucid; the colour deep
orange, or scarlet. Stem solid, very short. . Pileus smooth, rather
slippery; border thin. Bolton.

On old walls and rocks among mofs.

H elv. Yellow: pileus arched, edge rather lobed, puckered gdatino'sa.
underneath, gelatinous within : stem hollow.

Bull, 3. 2- FI. dan. jig.

Grows in clusters. Stem a9 thick as a goose quill, thicker
downwards; about 3 inches high. Pileus near 1 inch in diameter.

Found by Mr. Relhan at Hailwood, also at Wood-Ditton.

Oct.

Ya

1

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Helvella*

Var. 2. Pileus dusky olive brown : stem rich yellow.

Pileus \ to -5 inch over ; unequally lobed,and very much rolled
in at the edge. Stem hollow, semi-transparent; glutinous from
2 to 2f inches high, of a beautiful rich yellow colour; tapering
upwards ; sometimes forked at the top and bearing 2 heads.

In clusters under beeches, in the Red Rock. Plantation, Edg-
baston. Sept.

1

clava'ta. IIelv. (Sch^ff.) Plant yellow: pileus sloping: stem

somewhat comprefsed. Dicks, i. 19.

Schrfjf. 1 49-M/0&.8 2 .2 -Vaill, 13 .7.8 and 9.

Plant soft, fleshy, solitary or in clusters. Pileus yellow, oval,
comprefsed, slanting, uneven at the edge, near 1 inch long and
an inch broad. Stem solid, yellow, swollen at the base, tapering
upwards, inch high, 1-38 inch diameter at the base, i-6th at
the top. Schaffer. Grows in clusters. Sometimes 2 £ inches
high. Stem solid, tapering upwards. Pileus flatted at top, the
edge turned in and 'waved. Whole plant slimy and gelatinous.

Woods in Autumn. Under beech trees, Pendarvis, Cornwall*
Mr. Stackhouse.

Relha'ni. Helv. Stem hollow, cylindrical, yellow: pileus yellow

brown, with reddish streaks, conical.

Sower by 1 1 .

Stem about 2 inches high, thick as a crow* quill. Pileus acute-
ly conical, hardly £ an inch from the base to the apex, the edges
slightly fringed.

First found by the Rev. Richard Rellian, on the North side
of Gogmagog Hills.

au'rea. Helv. (Bolt.) Stem short, yellow : pileus umbrella-like,
gold coloured.

Bolt. 98.2.

Stem i-ioth to 2-ioths of an inch high, tapering downwards,
solid. Pileus convex, flattish, thin at the edge, golden yellow
above, paler underneath, £ of an inch over. The plant is brittle,
watery and semi-pellucid. Boltom.

Woods in moist watery places on sticks and stems of plants.

fibulifo:fmis. Helv. (Bolt.) Stem short, black : pileus rather convex,

yellow; dusky black underneath.

Boh a 76.

t

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Auricularia. -ji

frXSfd’ 3 H"e 1rngth- PikUS SelUly ConVCX’ but

Bolt ^ P’ ‘ard’ Smooth’ sllPPel7> Hardly i of an inch over.

ling?ofaabsn-eam?f ^ ^ °f "" elm wkhin reach of the sPrink*

Hel\ . (Oeder.) jl. dan, ix. 7. With a stem ; very small, aerugino'sa.
bright green : pileus of various shapes. Dicks, ifi 24.

FI. dan. 534.2.

„ „ Hirdi^ a <*uarter °f inch in height. Pileus concave, gene-
*a y 1 slanting, uneven at the edge and very irregular in shape.

On rotten wood. r

» ✓

> • '

Mel\ . (SciiiEFF.) Stem hollow, greyish : pileus inflated, fulieino'sa.
angular, plgited, blackish.

Bull. 2 4 2-Bolt . g $-Sch(eff. 320.

Wtite,^r1gr7ish> Mow, uneven, twisted and fur-
ed, 2 to 4 inches high, thick as a goose or raven quill. Pileus

W r ,0rdaI- S00ty “l0Ur- bHt.leTthin, very irregular in its
hape.deprelsedinwangies and lobes, i to 2 inches over. Scn.rrr.
iOLT. Bull Stem slenderer than in the H. mitra, not caver-
.ous or wrinkled, elastic, soft. Grows many together. Pendar-
is, Cornwall. Air. Stackhouse.

Moist woods and hedges, not .comnjon.

Ielv. Pileus flat, livid; stem smootjr. Huds. 6r>.

Woods. * * 03 n

Aug.-— Oct.

pla'nti.

UJRICULA'RIA. Fiat, membranaceous, fixed by
its whole underside, but becoming detached and
turning up with age. Seeds discharged slowly
from what was the upper, but is now, in its state
of maturity, the under surface.

* * ' ■V • - . t . * 1

Oss. These plants when ypung lie flat and are closely attach-
1 to the substance on which they grow, the upper surface being
nooth, but the under surface shaggy with hairs which serve the
arpose of radical fibres. After some time the attachment formed1
f .ese .^[es kxisens, and the plant turns up more or lcls, but
niaino still attached in some one part, either central or lateral.

. e srao°th nppei side is now become the under one; apd from
is the seeds are discharged. The fibrous surface, now upper!
ost, continues shaggy or woolly, often becomes streaked or .

Y.3

A

34 2

ferrugin'ea.

nicotia'na.

papyri'na.

cortica'lis

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Auricularia.

zoned in concentric stripes, and frequently afsumes a variety
colours. A procefs similar to this takes place in some of the stem*
lefs Agarics and Boleti. See Ag. quercinus and Bol. versicolor,

Aur. (Bull.) Perennial, leathery, thin, zoned above,
smooth underneath, hut pimpled ; brown rusty red,

£«//. 3 y Z— Sower by 2 6— Bolt. 8 2 . d. -Mi ch.C 6.2.

Grows very much tiled. The zones more apparent on the
upper than on the under surface, about 1 or if inch wide, and l;
half as much in breadth. M. Bulliard observes that if a portion
of the under side be difsected from the upper coat, it appears per-
forated in the microscope.

Helvetia rubiginosa. Dickson. Ray syrt. p. 22. n. 5» w-o
describes it as 6 inches wide and 2 broad. Common on old paies, .

See. near the ground. On an oak door in an area at Edgbaston. .

0 P. June. .

Aur. (Bolt.) Annual, thin, flexible, curled and lobed!
at the edge ; pale rust colour, with a yellow border.

Sowerby 2 5-Bolt. 174.

From t to 2 inches over; nearly fiat. Upper surface soft,,
smooth , but uneven. Under surface veined, wrinkled, naked*

Bolton. . r rr r

On dry wood, and decayed branches of trees. Leb.

Aur. (Bull.) Annual, membranaceous, soft, zoned and
woolly above, smooth underneath, but pitted wheat

old.

»

Bull. 402.

It varies greatly in size according to its age, from i to 4 or 5
inches over. ' When voung the edges are fringed, when old scol-
loped and lobed. The upper surface is greyish white, the under

buff coloured and cellular. Bulliard. # .

Mr. Robson, of Darlington, authorises me to insert this as art

English species.

On the decaying trunks Or trees.

AyR. (Bull.) Leathery, thin, smooth, white above, pale

brown underneath.

Bull. 436.1.

Spreading flat on the dead sticks to which it adheres ; brown
whited soft to the touch, pitted or pustular almost’ like som -
Slated Lichens. The pile on the under surface by Much t,

X.

CRYPTOGAMI A. FUNGI. Auricularia.

adheres, brownish. The edges turn up on every side, so that
when its figure is circular it appears raised and fixed by its centre
like a stemlefs Peziza. The circular pieces from i to ^ inch
diameter; the oblong ones from ^ an inch or more in width, to 5
or 6 inches in length.

On decaying peasticks lying on the ground, not uncommon.

Aug.

Aur. Biennial; membranaceous, soft smooth, curled or phylacteris*
plaited at the base: yellow white, changing to dark
brown.

Bull. 436.2.

Grows at the roots of trees, sometimes on stones, spreading 1
,over and clasping them, but without any adherence by fibres. It
varies much in form, extending some inches in length and in
breadth; its edges fringed. When young it is pale straw colour,
dark brown when older, and at length brown black. Bulliard.

Found by Mr. Relhan in Madingley wood. Sept.

Var. 2. Red brown, with darker veins.

« *

Batsch 121.

This plant was first shewn to me by Mr. Norris, who found
/t growing on sandy banks upon a heath near Bromham. it has
a hard woody root or knot, from whence it expands in the shape
of a fan, to the extent of -f- of an inch. The substance is hard and
stiff when dry, but readily imbibes moisture and instantly becomes
is soft and pliable as wetted glove leather. The upper surface
is much puckered and knotted, the under side marked with wooddy
nerves radiating from the root, but rather laid upon the surface
than imbedded in the substance. The plant is of a dull reddish
brown, the wooddy nerves very dgrk brown. In time it becomes
reversed, and the ends and smaller branches of the nerves detach-
ing themselves from the foliage appear like bristles.

Further observations are wanted on its younger state. It will
probably prove to be a new species. Mr. Norris says it is a peren-
nial, and continues long unaltered,

Ag. t rise's. Batsch,

. 1

Aur. (Bull.) Perennial, leathery, thin, woolly and zoned reflex'a*
above, smooth underneath,

Bull.27 \and 483. 1.2. 3. q.-So'iverty 2j-Bolt.82. a. c. b. e. *

Substance tough, cutting like hard leather, or Cork. Often
grows tiled. Upper surface like plush, varying from pale buff to
deep yellow, when fully grown marked with zones ot various
colours, as green, grey, buff, yellow, purple, brown. Under sur-
face (whilst young, the upper one) smooth, varying in colour

/

343

I

4 CR YPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Fez iza, With a Stem.

from pale buff to deep yellow. From i to 2 inches wide, and
about half as much in breadth. From the stems of grafs and other
substances with which it is often perforated, it is clear that it
must have had a gelatinous consistence in its younger state.

Ray syn. p. 21. n. 2. Helvetia villosa. Relhan. Boletus auri -
formis. Bolton. Helvetia ac anils. Hudson.

H. pineti. Linn, is a different plant. Does not perhaps agree
very well with the genus Helvella, but as it has no appearance of
fores even when magnified it has no pretensions to be arranged as
a Boletus. Mr. Woodward.

On stumps of trees and rotten wood, not uncommon. [On
old stumps of trees in woods frequent. Mr. Woodward.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

tremellob- Aur. (Bull.) Perennial : substance cartilaginous but gela-
des. tinous; woolly, spongy, grey brown above, smooth,

pitted, violet coloured underneath.

Bull. 290.' -Bolt. 1 j2-Mlcb.66.ti .

M. Bulliard says that though it is mostly a portion of a circle,
yet sometimes the two edges' unite, forming a cornucopia. Mostly
about 2 inches one way, and half as much the other. Mr. Bol-
ton observes that his specimens were not cellular on the outside
as represented by M. Bulliard. The under surface often with a
bloom of a pale blue like that on plumbs. Gelatinous underneath.
Mr. Knapp. Begins growing with the smooth surface upwards,
but the edge afterwards turns over, and then it grows tiled to a
great extent, in the manner of Boletus versicolor. It is a very
common plant', and though mentioned by Ray, is not noticed in
Hudson. Mr. Woodward.

Helvetia mesenterica. Dickson. cTremella corrugata. Rein. n.
898, according to Mr. Dickson fasc. ii. 28. On rotten wood and
stumps of trees. [On the earth at the edges of sawpits, and at
the bottom of gate posts, Mr. Knapp.]

A. Jan. — Dec. F.elh. — Oct, Nov, Mr. Knapp.

PEZIZA. Plant concave: Seeds on the upper surface
only; discharged by jerks.

With a Stem.

xuve'a. P, Wholly white: stem slender:
Dicks, Hall 2339.

Mich , 86. 1

pileus glafs-shaped;

x •

345

* \

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Peziza. With a Stem.

The young plants with their snow-white soft hairs contracted
into a kind of globe resembling a Clathrus. Dickson. Not big-
ger than half a hemp seed, thin as silk paper; and snow white.

Mr. Stackhouse. About i-ioth of an inch in height, and the
pileus nearly as much in breadth.

On trunks of dead trees. Dickson. — Rotten wood and sticks.

Relh. — [On mofs on the trunks of apple trees; Powick, Wor-
cester. Mr. Stackhouse.] Aug. — Sept.

Var. 2. Stem as long as the height of the pileus, very distinct
from it: plant wholly white, hair-lefs.

Growing in clusters, on a rotten stick ; Packington. Autumn.

P. Glafs-shaped, disc of the pileus tawny with a white calycifor'mi$
border : stem white, thick.

Hedw.stirp.1i.22.B~Batsch.135.

Pileus at first convex, with age turning up*

On the trunks of trees and on the fallen branches of firs.

Autumn.

P. White, conical, lopped, bordered. trunca'ta.

Stem scarcely distinct from the pileus. Pileus white, slightly
concave, bordered, not dotted.

At Packington, growing on mofs. Autumn.

I have seen a beautiful drawing of another of this kind gather-
ed at the same place, but later in the year in which the pileus
had attained a yellow colour, and the border was studded with
brown specks. I apprehend this to be the same plant in its more
mature state, and the brown specks to be the fructification.

P. Turban-shaped, lopped, the disc of the pileus white, puncta'ta.
dotted. Linn.

Bull. 2 52-Bolt. 1 2y.2-Fl.dan.288.

Seeds contained in pores, from whence they are thrown with
an elastic force. Gled. cited in Linn. suec. n. 1275. The black
dots consist of seeds immersed in the substance of the plant. Linn.

Stem dark grey to black, p to f inch high, tapering downwards.

Pileus an expansion of the upper part of the stem, concave, white,
with black dots, -£ to £ inch diameter. Substance dry, tough and
elastic. Bull. Bolt. Mr. Woodward thinks this may more
properly rank as a Sphaeria ; and observes that it is very common
about Bungay.

On horse and cow dung, and dry dung hills.

May — Oct. Huds. — Winter and Spring. Bolt.

346

acetab'ulum

stipita'ta.

tubero'sa.

radica'ta*

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI, Peziza. With a Stem

P, Stem short : pileus glafs-shaped ; angular on the out-
side ; with brandling veins.

Bull. 485.4- Vaill. 1 3 . 1 - Mich . 86.1.

The largest of the Genus ; thin, brittle, smooth, transparent
like wax. Stem woody, brown, short, branching up the base of
the pileus, solid, nearly ■§ inch long, and diameter. Pileus 2
or 2% inches over, greatly cupped so as to resemble a goblet or
bowl, -f- to 1 % inch deep, waved at the edge, red brown within,
pale brown without. Sometimes without the angular branchings
from the root. Bulliard. Nearly allied to P. cochleata, the
external veins and the regular form constituting the principal
differences. It grows near Bungay, but is not so common as the
P. cochleata. Mr, Woornv.

On rotten wood in hedges and woods, rare. Sept.— May,

\ *

P. (Huns.) Stem cylindrical: pileus slightly concave;
brown ; hairy on the outside,

Sowerfy^S-Boh.g6-S'ch^ff‘.v6}~Bull. 1 96.

Mr. Bolton’3 figure well as to its habit, but the hairinefs on
the outside not exprefsed. Mr. Woodward Stem solid, brown,
2 to 3 inches high; thick as a crow or a goose quill, rather taper-
ing upwards. Pileus thin, brittle, semi-transparent, brown, gently
concave, woolly on the outside, 1 to 2 inches over.

Wroods near Guildford. Huds. Woods below Hi.ghfield 3
miles from Halifax, • Sept.

p. (Dias.) Stem growing at the base to a blackish fun-
gous tuberous substance: pileus nearly bell-shaped,
brown without, paler within.

Bull. 48 5. 3-Hedzv. stir} \ 11. 1 o.T?.

\

Stent unequal, buried up to the head within the soil, Dicks.
One to 2 inches high, thick as a crow quill, pale buffy brown.
Pileus funnel-shaped, buffy brown within, darker brown on the
outside, 1 -3d of an inch high, and •£• or more in diameter. Root
fixed to a black brown mafs, seemingly a dead root of the Ane-
mone nemorosa. H edwig. Stem if inch high, rather thinner
than a crow quill. Pileus wide funnel-shaped, -J- of an inch
over. Bulliard.

In grafsy spots in woods, near London.

P. (Dicks.) Stem slender, tapering downwards ; pileus
brown, hemispherical^ smooth: root simple, with
minute fibres.

1

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Peziza. With a Stem,

347

Bull. 485. 2 -(Reichard, in Besch der Berlin, gc sells ch. 3. p. 2 1 4. A
4-/-4-5-(5> on the authority of Mr. Dickson .)

Thin, brittle, smooth. Stem slender, ■§ inch long, furnished
with a fibrous root. Pileus yellow brown, £ to 1 inch over, con-
cave, shallow. Bulliard.

In woods, taking deep root in the ground. Sept.

, I

V t

P. Stem brown, very short : pileus brown, nearly flat.

Batsch. 39.217.

Stem not quite 1 -20th of an inch in height, and slender in pro-
portion. Pileus about as much in diameter, nearly flat, the edge
a little turned up, not hairy.

P. spadicea. Batsch. Relhan suppl. 28. On a decaying stick ;
Bdgbaston. 27th Nov. 1790.

P. Stem very short and thick: pileus more than semi-glo-
bular, bell-shaped, pale buff, scolloped at the edge.

Bull. 396.3 -Vaill.i 1.1.2.3-MAA86.2.

The distinguishing marks of this species, are the scolloped
edge, and the greyish colour of the outer surface. Mr. W oodw.
Stem 4- of an inch high, and half as much in diameter. Sometimes
there is no stem. Pileus pale buff, thin, transparent, scolloped at
the edge, shaped like the cup of an acorn; about 1 inch diameter.

Shrubbery, in mofsy turf by the side of the gravel walk, near
the house at Edgbaston. Sept,

P. Plant yellow: stem short, thick: pileus cup-shaped,
but shallow, and flat within.

Hedw. ii.8.

About 3 lines high when fully grown, succulent when cf midi
tfle age ; 'smooth and ot a fine yellow. Hedw.

Found by Dr. Sibthorpe on rotten wood in Shot-over planta-
tions, “ Sept. -Oct.

P. (Bolt.) Stem hollow, gradually expanding into a fun-
nel-shaped pileus ; red yellow and veined on the out-
side, rich brown within.

Bull.A&iSchtfff.i 57 .2-B0//.105.2.

Plant about iF inch high. Pileus 4 of an inch over, marked
with a few almost imperceptible veins on the outside, smooth with*

/

minu'tula*

eupula'ris*

citri'na*

imdula'ta.

CRYPTOGAM!

FUNGI. Peziza. With a Stem

m, waved and curled at the edge. Bolton. Schaeffer has figured
this plant extremely well, and calls it an Helvella; but out of the
numerous figures in the 157th plate, Mr. Bolton refers only to fG.
a, though Schaeffer makes no distinction. Batsch refers to Schaef-
fer s plate, vvithout restriction, as his Agaricus aurora, which he
himself has figured, though indifferently, pi. 9. f. 36. Bulliard
calls it Helvella tubafformis, and makes also an unlimited refe-
rence to Schaeffer 157. The plants represented by M. Bulliard
are much larger than those of Mr. Bolton, and the gill-like veins
much more distinctly marked. I believe this species is neither an
Aganc, an Helvella, not a Peziza, but more properly belono'ins?
to the Genus Merulius.

In woods, but not common. Oct.

coccin'ea. P. Stem buff : pileus glafs-shaped, crimson within, buff on

the outside.

Bull.$r]-Bolt.io%-$o'werby 1 2-Walcot% P. cyatholdes- Jacq.au si r ,

1 63 -Battar.% .N.O-Penn Wales- Mich 5.

Root short, white within. Stem solid, from i-ioth to £ inch
high ; thick as a crow or a goose quill. Pileus thin, cupped,
rather elastic, but brittle, deep carmine colour within, buffy un-
derneath, with m^aly granulations.

Peziza epidendra. Bull, and Sowerby ; by mistake called pi. 1 2
in the text. On lotten sticks in woods and wret hedge bottoms.
[With a north or eastern exposure. Mr. Woodward.]

• Spring — Autumn.

Vai,2. Inegularly cupped, border waved, scarlet within,
buffy or whitish brown on the outsides, stem none, but a hard,
black knotty root.

Bulhapj y-Bolt .100-Schecff. 1 48 -Fl.dan.65j .2-Batsch 1 58.

Shaped like a butter-boat. Mr. Stackhouse. This plant is
most excellently figured by Bolton. The colour is usually a
bright deep orange above, and a dirty orange or yellow beneath,
in which it differs from Bolt. 104, which is always a rich scarlet
within, and white and silvery without. It differs also in being
irregular in shape, never ci'ip-shaped, except when very young, '
whilst the other is always exactly cup-shaped, and stands on a
short pedicle. Whether Mr. Hudson’s cyathoides be the elegant
and very uncommon plant figured by Bolton 104, seems doubtful,
neither. Dillenius’s fig. nor short description in the Synopsis at
all elucidate the matter, and it certainly can never be called yel-
low. The first of these is rather scarce, but the other is very
common on decayed sticks under hedges in the spring Mr.
Bolton is certainly mistaken in afserting that his 104 never emits
any powder from its internal surface, for I have repeatedly by a

1

349

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI, Peziza. With a Sum .

slight irritation, caused the mature plants to throw out clouds of
smoak. It ought, therefore, according to his principles, to have
been placed with the Helvellx. Mr. Woodward.— Thinner,
more spreading and more irregularly cupped than the preceding ;
sometimes quite sitting, with a small, nearly central root ; some-
times the :oot a pretty large black knob, and sometimes it forms a
short stem.

Helvetia eoccinea . Bolt. Pezizti cocc inea. Bull, On the ground,
amongst gravel and road sides; when it resembles the most sefsile
ot the figures. I once found it on the stump of a tree, with more
of a stem and lefs spread out, forming the connection between the
two varieties.

Malvern Hill, and Coplar Hill, amongst wet mofs. Mr.
Stackhouse. * qc[*

P. Plant yellow: stem thread-shaped : border flat.

Bolt. 106.1.

See Merulius tubxformis.

P. (Bolt.) Stem crooked : pileus funnel-shaped, fringed
at the edge, pale buff.

Bo/t.io6.2-MicL86.i

Stem white, pellucid, always bent. B ileus pale buff within,
funnel-shaped, tringed-at the edge. Whole plant about £ an
inch high. Bolton.

On rotten vegetables in damp places in woods and about rivu-
lets. In Madingly wood, Cambridgeshire. Mr. Relhan.

P. (Bolt.) Stem black at the bottom : pileus funnel-
shaped, dirty yellow within.

Bolt. 1 05. 1.

Plant hard and leathery. Stem solid, black below, dusky yel-
low above, near \ inch high, thick as a large pin. Pileus funnel-
shaped, ochrey yellow within, smooth, even at the edge, about £
of an inch over. Bolton.

Near Halifax in several places.

$

P. Stem short: pileus yellow, glafs-shaped, border blunt,
upright.

R. syn. 24. 4, at p. 478.

„ Stem very short. Pileus flatfish, but slightly concave, yellow*
bolder smooth. Ray syn. p. 18. n. 8. About of an inch high,
and the same in diameter at the top.

On rotten wood, Aug.~Apri!.

tu'ba.

iuflex'a.

ochroleu’caf

cyathoi'des.

35°

c&Iy cuius*

fructig'ena*

.cuticulo'sa.

al’bida

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Peziza. Stenllefs .

p4 (Batsch.) Stem rather long, strap-shaped, firm, dis-
tinctly inserted: pileus concave, hemispherical, ex-
panding.

Biill.\i^.o)-Hedvo,stirp.\\ig.C--Batsch sj-Mtch. 86. 1 4.

The whole yellow. Stem 2 lines long. Pileus 2 lines wide. ,
Relhan. Its colour varies in different shades of yellow, and its
pileus is either nearly flat, or cupped in various degrees of hollow-
nefs. The figure of Biilliard is excellent, and he well observes
that it grows upon the annual shoots of branches.

On rotten wood in Madingley plantations. August. On half
rotten sticks, Edgbaston. Oct. On rotten wood. Nov. Dec. Mr.
Knapp*

1 *«L ' ' •

P. (Bull.) Stems slender tapering: pileus slightly con-
cave,* pale yellow.

Bull. 22%-Batsch 1 50.

Opake, leathery, fleshy, funnel-shaped. Stem f- to •§ inch
high, tapering downwards, often bent in different directions*
Pileus i-ioth to 1 -4th inch diameter, funnel-shaped, but the hol-
low above not deep on account of the thicknels of the flesh.

M. Bulliard says he only finds it on the coriaceus fruits, as
acorns, chesnuts, See. and Batsch says his grew on the seeds of a
hornbeam; but though the fruit of such trees may be its more
common nidus, I found it growing in large clusters on a rotten
stick in the month of Oct. 1791. Mr. Relhan informed me, that
he had found the plant of Batsch in Madingley wood, butomitteu

to say on what it grew.

Stemless.

P. White,* glafs-shaped, membranaceous* thin at the edge.

Dicks, iii.9.1 1.

Very minute. Found by Mr. Forster growing on putrid grafs,
Dicks, fasc. iii. p. 22.

P. Pinky white, saucer-shaped, quite smooth.

From i to £ of an inch diameter; whilst small shaped like a
goblet, when full grown flat at the bottom but the edge always
turned up like a saucer ; perfectly smooth, thin, semi-transparent,
watery white, with a tinge of pink within. .

On the cellar floor at Greenbank near Birmingham, in the

joints of the bricks.

CRY PI OGAMIA. FUNGI. Peziza. Stemlefs . 35

i

P. (Relhan.) concave, brownish; edge flat, somewhat marginal,
scolloped, snow white.

S owerby 1 6 -~Fl. dan .779:1.

Very beautiful* when viewed by the naked eye very maoh
resembles^ the saucers ot Lichen subfuscus , but examined with a mi-
croscope it resembles the eyelet holes of stays. Relh. From this
description I had supposed it might be the work of an insect,
similar, except in colour, to one which is frequently found upon
oak leaves, but on stating this doubt to Air. Relhan, he very
obligingly sent me specimens which at once convinced me it was
a plant. It is not larger than the head of a pin.

On decayed wood at Whitwell, near Coton, Cambridgeshire.

Sept. Oct.

» /

P. Brown, concave, wrinkled, shaped like an ear. auricula.

Bu//.^2j.2~C/us.ii.2j6-Gef\ etn. 1 581, (misprinted iq3t.) i-J»
i?.iii.8qi .i-Sterb. 27. H.II. at p. 2^-B/ackw.^^^-Mich,664t
-Gled.2, the upper midd'e fg.-B attar. §.F. -Gars. 115.B.

This is either a Peziza or Helvella, and not belonging to
Tremella, which should be perfectly gelatinous. Mr. Woodw.

\\ ide spreading, 1 to 2 inches over, soft but cartilaginous, sit-
ting, thin, fibrous and downy underneath, cupped, plaited, red-
dish brown. Bulliard.

Tiemella auricula. Iluds. On rotten wood. [On old elders
in gardens at Yarmouth. Air. Woodward.] A. Sept.— -May.

Var. 2. Dark olive colour.

Belt. 107.

One to 4 inches over. Smooth above ; granulated under
neath. Bolton.

. On a willow tree, Feb.

P. Hun, brittle, brown, large, concave, irregular, the sides cochlea'ta*
tearing and curling in.

Peziza turbinata, cochleata. Linn.

Bull. 1 gq-So'ruerby 5-B0lt.gg-Fl.dan. 107 j.Z-Jacq.misc.WA 7. 1-
Batsch 1 5y~Schceff.2j 4.1 $5.1 50.

Sitting, hemispherical, or ear-shaped, or spoon-shaped, dark
blackish brown above, wnite underneath, branching veins shoot-
ing from the centre. Jacquin. — From 1 to 2 inches over, or
more, semi-transparent, the form extremely variable, the edge
cooped in, cracking, tearing and then curling inwards. Varies

CRYPTOGAMlA. FUNGI. Peziza. Stcmlefs.

in colour from a dirty straw to brown, and sometimes purplish.
Mr. Bolton considers it as an Helvella, because it emits its seeds
in form of smoke or powder when irritated, but the Peziza’s
pofsefs the same property. The real difference between them is,
that in the Helvella the seeds are ejected from the under, in the
Peziza from the upper surface, as is well pointed out by M.
Bulliard. — P. cerea, 44. Bull, and Helvella vesiculosa. Bolt.

1 seem only varieties of this. Mr. Woodward. — 1 have found
it with a stem about i-ioth of an inch in length; these plants
were from \ to 2 inches over.

Woods, on the ground, or on decayed branches of trees. [On
a dunghill near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse. — Rookery, Edgbaston,
on the ground. ' Sept. Oct. July.

ftis'ca. P* Concave, brown, pale at the edge. Bolt. 109.

. Bolt.i 09.2.

Adhering by its whole outer surface, except the edge which is
turned up ; thin and of a pale olive colour; from^- to near £ inch

over. Bolton. ‘ ....

In several places about Halifax, on old dry dunghills.

*

' tercora’ria. P. Olive brown, flat, (lotted ; border turned in, smooth.

Vaill. 13.1 4-BK//.376. 1 -Svwerty 1 8 .

Scarcely a line broad. _ . , ,

On horse and cowdung, and on gravelly sod. [On the bark
of a tree. Mr. Knapp.— About Bungay, common. Mr. W ood-

WARD.]

pine'ti. P. Grey white, nearly flat ; with a brown yellow border.

Batsch 26. 1 40.

*

Fixed by the centre ; at first concave, the edge rolled in ; at
length raised and the border deprefsed. Brownish at first, the
centre paler, but becoming whiter, .and sometimes tinted with
ochrey pink. Substance the shy , opake. Batsch.

Found by Mr. Relhan in Madingley plantations, on the cones

of fir-trees. ' SePu

chryso'coma P< Concave, dull yellow, smooth, brittle thin.

J3k//«376.2.

At first a hollow bladder, opening at the top, and when old
nearly flat. Colour pale dull yellow to red orange. So small as
not to be well distinguished by the naked eye. Belt.

353

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Peziza. Stemlcfs.

| .

Found by Mr. Relhan near Gamlingay, on rotten wood.

Sept. Oct.

l>. Dark purple, with a hollow dot in the centre.

Batsch 138.

Substance horny, colour very dark purple, or tawny-liver-co-
lour. Pileus circular, or kidney-shaped, with a hollow dot in the
centre over where the root is fixed. Not more than i-20th ofan
inch over. Batsch. — Mr. Relhan lately informed me that he had
found this species at Wood Ditton.

In woods on the ground amongst mofs. Autumn. Batsch.

s

P. (Batsch.) Flattish, yellow red within t paler on the
outside ,* edge thick, but little raised.

Batsch 220.

Substance hard and horny, thin, pale red, neither woolly nor
hairy, wrinkled on the upper surface ; brittle when dry.

Found by Mr. Relhan amongst the leaves of the Bryum
morale, on old walls at Ditton, Cambridgeshire. — On half rotten
sticks at Edgbaston. 7th Oct. 1791.

P. Flat, orange red ; border raised, hairy.

f>G/Mo8-B«//.io, and tqofi.i-So'werby 24-Batsch 5q.-Hecku.st/rp.

. ii.3 .A. 1 to ']-Schceff.2^/qrRay.syn.2/q.o)1 atp . tq'j^-Vaill.iQt.i1^
-Mich. 86. 19 and 17.

Orange fed within, buff on the outside, hairy at the edge;
about 1 -8th or i-ioth of an inch over, when young like a goblet,
flatter with age, but the edge still turned up.

On cowdung, common ; also on rotten wood. Oct.

Var. 2. Smooth at the edge.

Bull. 438.3.

Stemlefs ; orange-coloured, nearly flat, not fringed at the
edge, F of an inch diameter.

Pez. fulva. Iiuds. and Bot. arr. ed. ii. On cowdung, and
amongst mofs on a clayey soil, Edgbaston, common. Aug. Sept.

Var. 3. Woolly and white on the outside.

Sowerby 1 7-/W/.410.3.

M. Bulliard observes that the pileus closes in dry and opens
in wet weather. Flat, blood red, hairy ; sometimes as large as a
sixpence. Mr. Stackhouse.

Vol. IV. —Z

hepat'ica.

punie'ea.

scuttelia'ta.

354

CRYPTOGAMIA* FUNGI. Peziza. Stemlefs.

Specimen, and a beautiful drawing of it sent to me by Mr,
Knapp, who found it on dead sticks in a wood ill Buckinghamsh„
On bogs, Cornwall.

Var. 4. Orange red: border white, divided into strap-shaped
segments rolled back.

Very small, not above a thirtieth of art inch in diameter.

Grows in circles, or in circular spots on the under side the
leaves of Tufsilago farfara.

Bank of the pool dam ; Edgbaston, Aug,

* v

vesiculosa, P. (Bull.) Large, bladder-shaped, thin, brittle, dull yel-
low.

JW/.44 and 457. 1 -Sowerby 3 and. 4-B0//. 17 $~Sch# ^280.

Nearly globular when young, the opening at the top enlarg-
ing as it grows older, but the edge is always turned in. The root
is a dark coloured hard knotty substance. The plant from 2 to 3
inches diameter, or more, and nearly as much in height ; the sub-
stance smooth, moist, tender, brittle, dull ochrey yellow within,
paler without, and the surface granulated. Bolton. — Approaches
nearly to the Peziza cochleata, but does not tear like that, and if
accidentally torn does not curl in spirally, neither does it jerk out
its seeds like that. Bulliard.]

Peziza cerea. Bull, and Sowerbv, but the latter thinks that his
pi. 3 is really distinct from pi. 4. On the ground on road sides,
or on dunghills, , Spring and Autumn,

lanugino'sa. P. Egg-shaped, woolly without, smooth and buff within,

F! Jan.'] jq. 2.

This grows in large clusters, each plant when young and
about the size of a small pea, egg-shaped, and entirely covered
with pale brown wool on the outside; the aperture at the top at first
small, smooth, conical. Advancing in growth it becomes more
flat, and open, so as to form a deep saucer-like cup. Substance
very tough, and cuts like hard leather. Varies in size from that
of a pin’s head to 3* and even half an inch diameter.

Peziza minuta. Dickson. On half rotten sticks, plantations,
Falgbaston. Sept. Oct.

, - , •

Iiis'pida. P. (Huds.) Hemispherical, brown and rough with hairs

without, smooth and sea green within.

’Rtill. 2 o q-ScIhc ff.i [yi-Fl .dan.t 8 6 . ^—Gled. 2, E!vcl!a,
f. 8.

V

I

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Peziza. Stmhfs.

, • >
Stemlefs, solitary or in clusters, leathery. Pileus concave,
hemispherical, blue white within, smooth ; brownish and hairy
on the outside, uneven and hairy at the edge; about an inch
over,, Schaffer. — ‘The internal surface nearly white, and per-
fectly smooth; the external thickly set with short, rigid, brownish
hairs. Frequent near Bungay. Mr. Woodward. Diameter
sometimes a much as 2 inches : it is thin, brittle, semi-transpa-
rent, nearly flat, but the edge turned up, and cooping in*

Moistish woods, hedges, and moist rotten wood, and gravel
pits. Sept.- — Oct*

P. (Bolt.) Concave, dark green, the edge turned in ; pale vir'idis.
green and woolly without.

Bolt. 109. 1-5^/7.376.4.

The size of a large pin’s head ; dark green, With a thick black
border. Bolton. The black border does not always exist.

On decayed oak leaves, and on rotten wood. In the park at
Packington, on rotten sticks. Autumn.

P. (Bolt.) Blue; fringed at the edge. caenl'lca#

Bolt. 108.2.

Adheres to wet rotten wood by a small central root; bright
□lue above, paler at the edge, and fringed with soft pale hairs;
alack and smooth on the outside ; about of an inch over. Bolt.

Under firs at Burk’s Hall near Halifax. Oct.

P. Hollow, violet-coloured within, border and outside viola'cea,
whitish, granulated.

5^/7.438.4.

Very minute, fleshy ■, brittle, smooth, sitting; the inside rough
with black prominent dots. Bull.

Found by Mr. Relhan on the bark of a beech tree, at White
Wood near Gamlingay. Sept. Oct.

P. Grey, reflected ; border lobed, waved and curled. cine'rea*

Battch 26.137.

See page 77, where this has been inserted as a Tremella, on
he authority of Mr. Relhan. FI. Cant, suppl. n. 1086. I have
lever seen the plant, but from the figure and description am dis-
posed to believe that Batsch and Sibtnorpe have rightly consider-
*d it as a Peziza.

22

356 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Nidularia.

polymor'pha P. (Lightf.) Turban-shaped, hollow, fiat or convex with

age, wrinkled on the outside ; black above.

Hedw,stirpSi.6.E-Batsch tp—BuIl. 1 1 6.460. i-Fl.dan.qB^-S
1 tfi-Hall.enum. 1.8, atp. 2i,^/V/.^8.8, at Yii.p.i 1 b-Hojfm. cryp.
2.b. 2.

Sometimes solitary, more frequently in clusters. When
mature, it emits a very subtile black powder in great quantities
from its upper surface, though Hoffman says the seeds are emitted
from the under surface, which is not analogous to any other simi-
lar plant. It afterwards becomes more and more dilated and at
length plane or even convex with the edge rolled back, and in its.
latest stage variously wrinkled and deformed. On old trees which
have been felled and are lying on the ground ; frequent. Mr.
Woodward. — Very wrell figured and described by the authors
* quoted above. Schseff. 1 53, also seems to be the plant in its unex-
panded state. The substance of the plant is very like the
Caoutchouc or elastic rubber, but it is rather adhesive. The top
is black and shining like pitch. The figure an inverted cone,
an inch high, £ of an inch diameter at the bottom, or 1 inch at
the bottom, -k or 1 inch at the top, fleshy, solid, brown on the
outside.

TremeUaturbinata. Huds. 563. On the trunks and branches
of fallen oaks. [On the decayed branches of an oak; in Corn-
wall. Mr. Stackhouse. — On the stump of an oak, Holloway-
head-lane, near Birmingham.] Sept.-— April.

1

a'tra. p# Concave, black. Huds. 637.

On cowdung. Huds. — On rotten wood. Bolt. Aug. — May.

NIDULA'RIA. Fungus leather-like, bell-shaped, sit-
ting: capsules large, flat, fixed by pedicles at
the bottom of the bell.

Obs. Whilst the plant is young it contains a clear gelatinous
fluid, and its orifice is closed with a thin membrane, which tear-
ing as the growth advances, the fluid evaporates, and the seeds,
or rather capsules, then become visible.

campanula'ta Nid. Bell-shaped ; border expanding ; smooth, shining

and grey within : capsules smooth.

Peziza ( lentifera ) campanulata lentifera. Linn.

Bu!/.$8-Bolt. 1 02 . 1 -Sower by 2 8 -Scheeff. 1 80 -Vaill. 1 1 . 6 and 7-
Mich. 102, cyathoides i-Gled. 4, Pez.f 3 and 5-Pluk. 184.9-- .
Pet. 107.9 -Battar. 3, 1.K.L.M.-F/. dan. 469. i-Hoffm. cryp .
ii. 8. 2.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Nidularia, 3

Stemlefs ; inversely conical, from •§ to % of an inch high, and
nearly as much in diameter at the top. Brown on the outside ;
dark grey and smooth within; the border Handling out. Sub-
stance leathery. Capsules fixed by threads to the inside of the
bell. Consists of a grey membranaceous bell-shaped cup, rather
downy on the outside ; its edge entire and reflected. Within it
are contained several comprefsed circular bodies, filled with a
gelatinous matter and connected with the cup, each by a fine
thread inserted into its flat side. When these threads are fixed
near the edge of the cup, the cases or capsules supported by them
are found suspended on its outside. Mr. Gough.

Woods, garden walks and fields. [Frequent about Bungay.

Mr. Woodward. — Coplar Hill, Herefordshire, plentiful. Mr.

Stac khouse.]

%

\ - I *

Nid. Conical, woolly on the outside, scored within: cap- stria'ta.
sules woolly underneath.

Sowerly 29 -Bull. 40. A.-Bolt.i02.2-Sch<ejJr.if]8-Fl.ddn.j8o.i-
Mich. 102, Cyathoidesy 2-Gled.q,. Peziza f. 1 and 2- Vail/. 11.4
and ty-Hoffm* cryp. ii.8.3.

Very woolly on the outside, beautifully striated within. Full
inch high, regularly conical, brown.

P. lentifera . (3 Linn. Woods, fields, and rotten wood. [Ear-
sham Wood near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.]

Sept. — May.

♦

fc

Nid. Conical but distended; dirty yellow; smooth: cap- lce'vis.
sules smooth.

Sowerby 3 o-Bull. 40 . F . C. C. and 488. 2 -§ chaff. 179, 181 -Mich.

102, Cyathoides, %-Gled. 4 Peziza f. 4- FI. dan. 1 05-Ray 1,2,
b: and r, one of the seed-like sub stance s-Hojfm. cryp. ii.8. 1 .

Perfectly smooth both within and without ; shaped like a cru-
cible. All these species are at first closed by a cover, formed of
the outer* -coat of the plant, which tears and disappears as the
growth advances, shewing the young progeny which fall out, and
fix themselves by their radicle, forming new plants. All the
three species are common here. Mr. Woodward.

On rotten wood. Sept. — May.

Nid. Turban-shaped; pale buff; with 5 teeth at the denta'ta.
edge.

Smaller than a hempseed. Colour pale buff : rather woolly ;
segments or teeth at the edge broad, spear-shaped, regular. Mem-
brane tough, whitish. Seeds, or capsules reddish brown.

/

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Phallus.

minu'ta.

Several growing together on rotten twigs near the grate at
Edgbaston Pool. Sept.

, y

Nid. Stem purplish, cup yellowish, bell-shaped, contain-
ing globular capsules.

Hojfm.2.2.

Minute, shining, shaped like a wine-glafs, about a line high.
Capsules about the size of poppy seeds. These burst with a jerk,
splitting into several segments and discharging a white woolly
substance. Hoffman.

Cyathus mlnutus. Hoffm. Tdrich. minuta. Relhan, who detected
it growing upon mofs. Sept.

PHAL'LUS. With a stem: pileus smooth on the un-
der, with a network of cells on the upper sur-
face: seeds in the cells.

esculen'tus. Pii. Pileus egg-shaped ; full of cells : stem naked, wrink-
led.

Bull. 2 1 8 , B. T>-Sch<eff. 199.298. 299. ^oo-Bolt.g 1 -Tl.dan. 53-
Sterb. 1 o-Mlch.85. 1 and 2 ; 84. 1,2, and o-Gled. 2. Phallus f.
i,2,q.}516}j-Gars,ij3-Clus.26£.i~Lob.lc.n.2j4r-Dod. 481. t
-Ger. cm. 1 58$,!-/ .B.in.§Qfo.2-Park.i%\'] .\-Tourn.2>2g.A-,
B attar. 2. F.

« ’

Hasan agreeable smell. Stem hollow, naked, white, 1 to 2
inches high, ^ to 1 inch diameter. Pileus buffy or brownish,
entirely united to the stem, from the size of a pigeon’s to that of
a swan’s egg ; cells very large, angular like a honeycomb.—
Colour pale yellow, or buff, grows to a large size. Mr, Woodw.

Woods and hedges in loamy soil. May.

Var. 2. Small, black.

Eu/1.2 18.E.F.

On sandy heaths, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.

impudi'eus. Ph. Pileus cellular above, smooth underneath, not united

to the stem : stem perforating the pileus, and open
/ . at the end.

Bull. 182 -Curt. igg-Sctuejf. 19S. 197. 1 g6-Bolt. 9 t-Mich. 83-
Gled. 2 . Phallus/. 3- Tl.dan . 1 7 5- Ray cat. at p. 1 2 2.ed.\i-Battar.
2.A,B,C,D~$terb. 30. By C, at f. 276~Ckr.iL 295-0^.483--
Lob.lcXit2j 5~Ger.em.i 583.2-Park. 1322.13-7. B. iii. 845. 1 -

1

CRYPTOGAMIA, FUNGI. Phallus.

Sterb. 30. F, G, at p. 276, and Barr . 1 2 58— iii.843.3—

Sterb. ^oAfD-Pet.fi.i 7. 1 3. 1 4— 07/^,11.286.2— y.S. iii. 845. 2-
Sterb.^o,I,Hy at ^.276, Barr, 1264, exhibit no appearance
cfapileus open at the end , /W are probably the same.

Though this plant is so intolerably foetid that it is much oftener
smelt than seen, yet in its egg-state it has no offensive smell.

The odour resides in the green matter which fills the cells of the
pileus, and is very soon devoured by flies, particularly by the large
blue flesh fly. In its egg-state it is about the size of a small pul-
let’s egg, and remains many days before it bursts through its
wrapper; but this being done, the stem pushes up with amazing
rapidity, attaining the height of 4 or 5 inches in a few hours.

This offensive green matter contains the seeds, which may be
seen by the afsistance of a good microscope. Such as have cou-
rage to smell this matter closely, will find it much lefs disagree-
able than at a distance; for it then seems to have a slight pun-
gency like that of volatile salts. Its odour very soon pervades a
whole house. The wrapper is lined with a clear jelly like the
white of an egg, but stiffer; within this is found the green matter,
and within that the young plant. When it shoots up, the wrap-
per and the clear jelly remain at the root; the stem is hollow,
within porous and spongy like pith,

[Very common in wet summers in hedge banks and thickets.

In sandy situations frequent near Bungay, Mr. Woodward.]

July — Sept.

I

Ph. (ScHiEFF.) Pileus wrinkled, red, covered with a cani'nus
greenish matter; conical, closed at the end: stem

yellow, tapering at the bottom.

< '

Curt *235-$ cheeff. 330, too highly colour ed-B attar. 40 . F.

4 " * * \

Egg the size of a nutmeg. Stem hollow, as thick as a swan’s
quill, near 3 inches high, pale orange, semi-transparent. Pileus
conical, not larger than the stem, ^ inch high, closed at the apex :
covered with a thin coat of green scentlefs slime, which being
removed, it appears red and wrinkled. Its growth is rapid like
that of the Ph. ifppudicus. Curtis.

Schasffer’s figure not an exact resemblance of it as found in
England. Mr. Woodward.

This is a rare plant. First found in woods and shady places
near Shrewsbury. Ehret, in ft, aeyr, July — Sept*

36c , CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Clavaria. (1) Stem with a

Head • ,

CLAVA'RIA. Uniform; upright, club-shaped: seeds
emitted from every part of its surface.

(i) Stem with a head.

gy rans. Cl. (Batsch.) Stem hair-like : head club-like, terminat-
ing* Iongisb, tapering at each end. Relhan, n. 1 102.

_ Bolt. 1 12 A~Batsch.i64~JVil!d,y.i8.

Stem i-3dto2-3ds of an inch long, very slender, pellucid,
crooked at the bottom, twisting and untwisting as the air is moist
or dry. Head oblong, near % of an inch high, whitish. Batsch,
The stem rises from a small bulb. Relhan.

On rotten straw and leaves, in woods and moist places.

Sept. — Oct.

phacoihbza Cl. Club-awlshaped, pale brown : root lentil-shaped.

Bolt. 1 1 l.i-Mich.fty.j.

Stem inch long, smooth, slender, pellucid. Head 1 inch
long, slender, spindle-shaped. Bolton.

Garden walks about Walthamstow. Oct.

1 * ' " ■ - , -y

capita ta. Cl. Stem yellow, cylindrical : pileus egg-shaped, chesnut

coloured, dotted.

Bolt. 130 -{FI. dan. 540, and Bull . 463.3, seem to he 'varieties of
this.)

Root black, spongy, surrounded by a thick wrapper which is
continued with the stem. This is again inclosed in another, of a
dry texture and brown green colour. Stem solid, smooth, fur-
rowed, twisting, soft, pliable, splitting, 2 to 3 inches high, 4 to ■§■
'inch diameter. Pileus long egg-shaped, £ of an inch high, near
2 inch diameter. Bolton.

Ramsden Wood, about Highfield near Halifax.

epiphyl'la. Cl, Club-shaped, very entire : head blunt, hollow, red:

stem pale yellow.

• 11 • Dicks.in,g.io.

Plant about 2 or 3 inches high. Stem cylindrical: head ob-
long egg-shaped.

In bogs, and on half rotten dead leaves. Dickson.

Spa'thula. Cl. (Dicks.) Head comprefsed, dilated : stem wrinkled*

Sowerhy 3 5-Bolt. 9j~Fl.dan.658-Schmid.50.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Ciavaria. (i) Stem with a

Head.

Stem white. Head yellow, egg-shaped, flatted. On being
touched throwing up the seeds in form of a smoke, which rise
with an elastic force and glitter in the sunshine like particles of
silver. Bolt. 97. On touching them when in full perfection a
smoke arises from the edges, thrown out with considerable force,
and continues to rise some time, a" circumstance common to all
the Pezizas and Kelvellas, and shewing this plant to have more
affinity with them, particularly to the first than to the Clavaria’s.
Bolton’s figure represents the head more inflated than I have ever
seen it. Mr. Woodward.

Woods near Norwich. Sept. Mr. Crowe. — [In a pine grove
at Kirby, near Beecles, constantly appearing every year. Mr.
Woodward.

I '

j

Cl. Club-shaped, very entire: head scaly or granulated.

Var. 1. Head scaly.

Schtfff. 2QO.

About 4 inches high and near 2 in diameter at the upper and
thicker part. Solid; orange brown.

In shady woods. Oct.

Var. 2. Head granulated; orange brown, or red brown.

Schmidel 5,2 and %-Bolt. 128 -Vaill. 7. 4-i'Y. dan. 657.1.

s'

Var. 3. Head granulated, yellow.

Bull. 496 . t -Buxb. iv.66 , 2 .

Stem slender, tapering upwards, about an inch high, and then
gradually thickening to form the Head , which is nearly cylindri-
cal, but thickest in the middle,, blunt at the end, granulated on
its surface, 1 or if inch high, 2-ioths to 3-ioths of an inch dia-
meter in the thickest part.

Moist woods and bogs. [Thorpe near Norwich. Dr. J. E.
Smith.] Sept. Oct.

Cl. Unbranched: head oval, supported on a stem.

Willd. berol. 7. 17

This singular fungus is always fixed to a Lycoperdon. It is
very like the Cl. ophioglofsoides, but differs in being softer in its
substance, and sooner decaying. The head is never comprefsed,
as in that species, and is always coated with minute papillae.
When old it is hollow at the top. Willd. p. 405; who gives its
specific character thus.

Cl. parasstica, clavata, nigra, simplicifsima, stipite tereti,
corpore oblongo tereti, obtuso papilloso — but I have preferred
that of Mr. Woodward as being shorter, but yet sufficient. He
ranks it as. a Sphseria, with the following character.

milita'r

parasit'

362 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Clavaria. (2) Stem without

a Head .

Sph. parasitica simplex, stipitata, capitulo ovali.

I am indebted for the knowledge of this plant to Mr. Wood'
ward, and also for the following observations : — Willdenow calls
the Lycoperdon on which this grows, L. scabrum, and says it
differs from the Tuber cibarium, which it certainly does, but I do
not see that it differs in any respect from our T. cervinum.
This plant is never branched, though frequently growing
in clusters, in one instance as many as seven together. Root
consisting of many long, wiry, brown fibres, with which it
entwines and covers the surface of the Tuber, but never pene-
trates its substance. Stem slender, about 1 inch long. Head oval,
about •§ inch high, covered with minute Sphcerite. It differs from
Cl. digitata, in size in standing on the stem, and in being un-
branched; and from Cl. cuprefsiformis in having a longer stem,
an oval head, and the spherules much more minute ; and from
both in its peculiar habit, and the long fibres which form the root.
Found on a heath near Norwich some years since, and sent me
by Mr. Pitchford. Mr. Woodward.

(2) Stem without a head; mostly undivided.

bercula'nea. Cl. Undivided, solid, not granulated.

Var. 1. Club-shaped, deprefsed at the top, solid, surface un-
even, dirty yellow or orange.

*

Bull. 2^-Schdeff. i Gq—Schmidcl 4. i-Buxb. La!, row 2. 1 p. 132-
Batsch. dfi-Mich. 87. 1.2.3; Gted. 1 . Clavaria f. 4.

Cl. pistillaris. (3 FI. suec. n. 1266. •S'Huds.

This is the largest of the Genus ; it is firm, undivided, greatly
thickening upwards, solid, smooth, about 3 inches high, and 1 or
2 in diameter towards the top. The shape in the larger speci-
mens is very much like that of a long pear.

Var. 2. Yellow or orange; solid, nearly cylindrical, tapering
to a point.

Schcfjf. 1 71 -Schmidel. 4. 2-Bolt. 1 1 o. 1 . 4. 5. 6, from the left hayid*
pofsibly Mic h.Sj.zj.G.g.-Gled. 1 .Clavaria, f. 1 .and Mich . 87.11-*
Gled. 1 . Clavaria f 2.

Cl. pistillaris. @ Huds.

Dirty buff, thick as a thick reed at the bottom, gradually
swelling to the diameter of an inch at top; 5 inches high, surface
wrinkled, pitted, and puffed out.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Clavaria. (2) Stem without

a Head .

Amongst leaves and rnofs under trees, in Coplar Wood, Here-
fordshire. Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 3. Small, sharp pointed, solid, yellow.

Bull. 463 4.

Not more than § an inch high.

On a rotten stump at Edgbaston. Sept,

Var. 4. Whitish, solid, nearly cylindrical, tapering to a point.

Schmidel 5.1-Bolt. 110, the 2 d and 3 d from the left hand- FI. dan,
837.1 .and 775.2- Scheuch.i t. i. 3 . 3 - Mich. 8 7. 1 2 -Gled. 1 . Clavar .

/• 5-

Clav. vermiculata. Lightfoot.

Woods and heaths in dry soil. Oct.

Var. 5. Dull yellow, solid, either entire and blunt, or cloven
and tapering at the end.

Bui 1.2 6 4.

Yellow, brittle, smooth, when young undivided, flatted, grooved
becoming forked with age; terminating in a taper point. Bull.

Clav. hifurea. Bull. Cl. vermicularis. Lightf. Grows on the
ground.

Var. 6. yellow, smooth, cylindrical ; when old forked at the
end.

Vaill. 8. 4.

On rotten wood, amongst mofs, in Edgbaston plantations. Aug.

The plants of this andthe following species were united by Lin-
naeus and Hudson, under the name of Cl. pistillaris, but Haller,
and after him Lightfoot, very properly divided them; for want
however, of attending to the circumstance of the individuals being
solid or hollow, a circumstance which seems invariable, some con-
fusion yet remained. We have now arranged them, guided by their
structure, and as they naturally fall under two species, the third
species of Haller and Lightfoot, called vermicularis , and its varieties,
afsociates with one or other of these two. In this disposition of
these subjects lam happy to have the concurrence of Mr. Wood-
ward, whose accuracy and industry have added so greatly to the
value of this work, and who had, without any previous knowledge
of my intention, arranged the plants in question nearly as they now
stand.

Cl. Nearly cylindrical, generally undivided, hollcuv, brit
tie, smooth.

Var. 1. Hollow, white; thickest upwards.

363

pistilla'ris.

>

364 CRYPTGGAMIA. FUNGI. Clavaria. (2) Stem without

a Head .

Schmidel. 1 5- Bull. 46 3 . 1 . A. L . M- V aid. 7 5 .

Var. 2. Hollow, orange or brownish yellow.

Bull. 46 3. i.B.N.O.

These plants are very brittle, slender at the base, rounded at
the end, sometimes, though rarely, cloven; 2 or 3 inches high,
and as thick as a raven’s quill.

Woods, heaths, and dry hedge banks. Sept. Nov.

Var. 3. Tapering to a point; crooked, hollow, white.

Mich.ftj. 13.

Cl. pistillaris. y Huds. Cl. vermiculata. Lightf. Woods and
pastures. Autumn.

tabercula'ta Cl. Stemlefs ; nearly of equal thicknefs: pale orange ; whole

surface studded with tubercles.

Schdjf. 289.

About i£ of an inch high and £ inch diameter; nearly of equal
thicknefs but rather flatted, and fometimes slightly cloven at the
top. Colour pale orange, but the whole surface studded with deeper
orange coloured tubercles which are broadest at the base, pointed
and transparent at the apex ; the interstices filled with a whitish
cobweb-like substance.

The figure of Schaeffer represents the tubercles very imper-
fectly, but they are mentioned in the description. Bull. 496. r,
gives a good idea of the tubercles, but that has a stem supporting
a head, and therefore belongs to the preceding sub-division. The
circumstance of the tubercles appearing on every part of the plant
is sufficient to distinguish this species from all others allied to it.

It is a rare plant, and was found only once in the rookery at
Edgbaston, growing^on the ground. Aug.

elvcloi'des. Cl. (Dicks.) Growing in tufts : stems very simple, very

thick, united at the base, inversely pyramidal, scored.
Jacq. misc. ii. 99.

Schtfjf. 1 64- Jacg.msc.il* 12.3.

When young fleshy ; when fully grown wooddy, branched,
comprefsed, somewhat funnel-shaped, lopped, the edge plaited,
curled, brown with a tinge of purple without, whitish or yellowish
within. Dickson 21. Inversely conical, about 2 inches high
and 1 inch diameter. Schaffer.

Woods on the ground about the trunks of trees. Aug. Sept,

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Clavaria. (3) Stem branched. 36;

Cl. Wholly black: club-shaped, very entire, comprefsed, ophioglof-
blunt. soi'des.

Schmid. 25-Bolt. hi. 2-Bull. 372 -FI. dan . 1076. 2 -Sch<eff. 327-
Vaill. 7 .3 -Batsch. 4 7 - Tkf/ ch.8y. q-Pluk .47.3.

About 2 inches high, and near half an inch over in the broadest
part ; black, smooth, spatula-shaped upwards, white within, and
hollow when old. Bolton. Bulliard. I never could perceive
any appearance of spherules on this plant. Mr. Woodward.

Sometimes cloven at the top. Feels like very fine cloth.

Moist heaths and woods. Ancott bog, near Salop. Mr. Aik in.

Sept. Ocn

4

"

» Cl. Undivided, hollow, closed and pointed, or open and fimbria'ta.
fringed at the end.

Greenish at the bottom ; white above ; hollow, tapering, close
and ending in a single or double point ; or open at the end and
> surrounded with a dark coloured glandular fringe. The whole
covered with a greyish powder. About the thicknefsof a pin and
near half an inch high.

Edgbaston, amongst mofs. 27th Oct. 1790.

Cl. Red orange ; simple, or cloven, nearly cylindrical, corfnea.
blunt, gelatinous, solid.

Batsch. 28.161-Bull. 463.4 -Sower by 40.

Hardly £■ of an inch high; often sticking together from its
glutinous texture, though horny and brittle when dry. Batsch.

Clav. aculeiformis. Bull, and Sibthorpe. Found by Mr. Relhan
on decayed rails. Sept.

Dr. Sibthorpe, who found it upon decayed timber, in timber-
yards at Oxford. Beb.

(3) Stem branched.

Cl. White : somewhat branched, upright.

el'egans.

Bolt. 1 1 5-Bull. ^6. 3. L.M.P.

Club-shaped or branched, 401* 5 inches high, wrinkled, fur-
rowed, thick as a quill. Bolton. Mr. Bulliard considers this
as a variety of the coralloides, but I think Mr. Bolton is right in
keeping it distinct. It connects the unbranched with the branched
species.

Under firs about Fixby Hall, near Halifax. Sept.

366 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Clavaria. (3) Stem branched.

I

farino'sa. Cl. (Dicks.) White, mealy, branched : branches short,

lopped, finely scolloped.

Holm, hi nov. act. dan.i.p.2gg.f.6 ; on the authority of Mr. Dick-
son. ii.2 5.

Solitary. Stem upright, somewhat angular, somewhat com-
prefsed, branched. Branches unequal, short, thicker towards the
ends, bluntly lopped. Whole -plant covered with a white meal,
which being rubbed off it appears yellow. Dickson.

Woods on the chrysalises of insects.

lacinia'ta. Cl. (Bull.) Branched; flat, thin, membranaceous, jagged

and fringed above.

Bull.\\ 5. 1 — Jacq.misc . 1 4. 1 -Schtfjf. 291.

Growing on the ground. From 1 to 2 inches high, branch-
ing, irregular in shape. Stems uniting at the bottom, purplish
brown, covered with fine mealy white, which easily rubs off.
Branches often like an expanded hand, whitish or yellowish brown.,
the ends jagged, set with several pointed projections and tipped
with reddish brown. Substance solid, tough.

Edgbaston Plantations. 21st Aug. 1791.

anthocep'hala Clav. Fan-shaped, lobed, rusty red : stem short, cylin-
drical, hairy.

Bull. 452.1.

Stem near-f- an inch high ; cylindrical, thick as a goose quill;
expanding upwards into battledore-shaped segments scolloped at
the ends. Plant leather-like, the colour of rusty iron, but paler
upwards.

Bulliard’s figures are nearly 2 inches high, and almost as
much in breadth at the top, but Dr. Sibthorpehas cited Ray syn.
p. i6. n. 13 as a synonym, but Richardson describes that plant as
resembling a cauliflower, weighing 2 or 3 pounds, of a yellowish
green colour, and refers to Battar. 18. A. which well accords with
his description.

Sibthorpe found his plant in Shotover Plantations, in Oct.

coralloi'dcs. Cl. Branches crowded, very much divided and sub-divid-
ed, unequal.

Var. t. Yellow.

Bull. 222-ih. 496. 3. O. and 358. B. D . E . and 496. Ar.-
^^^174.175. 285. 2 87-7.5. iii.837~.Rmr. 1 260- F a;7/.8.4~
Tourn. 332. B.-Clus. ii.2y^..2-Ger.em.i ^jg.2~Park. 1318.20,
and Barr . 1 266 -Sterb. 11. at p. g6.

2

367

CRYP l'OGAMIA. FUNGI. Clavaria. (3) Stem branched.

Heaths, groves, and pastures. Aug.— Oct.

Var. 2. Whitish, or quite white, solid.

Batsch. ^8-Bolt. \ i^.d.-Scbcfff.i 7Q.176.286.287-J5W//.358.C.

Grows on the ground.

Var. 3. Reddish.

Scldffl.ijj-Barr . 1262.12 ^-MlchM.^-GIed. i-Clavarla.f.j.

V^r. 4. Purple.

Bull. q,g6.G.- Bolt. 1 13 .b.-Schkjf'. 1 72 .-Barr. 1261 -Bet. fit. 16.15.

Root very large, solid ; branches numerous ; tops forked,
beautifully tinged with purple.

Amongst leaves under trees. Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 5. Pale olive brown.

Bolt. 1 13. a.

Pale brown, growing in large tufts. General appearance like
a cauliflower. Substance tender. Stems and branches solid ;
half an inch or more in height. Roots closely compacted toge-
ther forming a more resisting substance than the stems.

Under the oak tree which hangs over the road down to the
horse stew, Edgbaston. 4th Sept. 1791.

Var. 6. Grey.

Bull. 3 5 4.

This species varies almost without end, but may always be
distinguished from the pistillaris, by growing from one base and
being extremely branched. Mr. Woodward. All the above
plants are very brittle and tender, and it is said may be admitted
to our tables; the white ones and grey ones I know may be eaten
with

Cl. Yellow; branches crowded, very much divided and fastigia'ta.
sub-divided, of equal height ; (blunt.)

Bolt. u 2. 2; and 1 13.2. £.c.-R. ^77.24.5. at p. ^y8-Buxb.iv.€6.i
-5^.-^174.170.172 and 2gi-Bull.o)^8.D.E.

, Whether this be a variety of the preceding, or a distinct spc-
i’es, seems doubtful. The principal difference is, that in the
Clavaria coralloides the whole plant ifsues out of one thick and
solid stem, which afterwards divides and sub-divides into very nu-
merous branches ; but in this species they seem very slightly, if
at all, connected at the base, where the distinct stems are much
attenuated, and are either simple or slightly branched, and lopped
at the top. From these circumstances it may be thought to ap-
proach the Clavaria pistillaris, but I should consider it as distinct
from both. Vaill, 8. 4. probably belongs to this as Bolton sup-

368 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Clavaria. (3) Stem branched*

poses. Mr. Woodward. Branches thickest upwards, lopped
and flat at the ends. Yellow, white, or purple, full 1 to 3 inches
high, and thick as a crow or a raven quill. Bolt. Lightf.
Sch/eff. It is evident from the inspection of the various figures,
that some have been drawn, as Bolt. 112. 2, from plants in a
young state. When something older, pointed teeth shoot out
from the ends, and when older still these become larger and
sometimes branched, so that the latter part of the Linnsean cha-
racter, included in a parenthesis, would be better omitted. Per-
haps M. Bulliard is right in considering the fastigiata as only a
flat-topped variety of the coralloides.

Woods and pastures. Aug. — Oct.

coria'cea. Cl. Branches flatfish, grooved, the ends fringed; grey,

changing to black brown.

D O

Bull. 452.2.

Substance soft, but elastic ; grows bundled together like co-
ralline; about 2 inches high. Differs from the Cl. coralloides
and Cl. fastigiata in the longitudinal grooves, but is perhaps not
specifically distinct.

Found by Dr.Sibthorpe in Shotover Plantations, Oxfordshire.

Jan.

muscoi'des. Cl. Pale yellow, repeatedly branched, taper-pointed,

unequal.

Schtfjf. 173— Bolt.i 1 y-Bull. 353, A.B.-R. syn. 24.7, at FI,

dan. 836. 2- Pet. gaz. 93 . 4, $-Gesn. ap. Cord. ic. <en. 1 7. 1 53.

This differs from both the preceding in having the extremities
of the branches sharply pointed, but it agrees with the fastigiata
in being nearly distinct at the base, and with the coralloides in
being much branched. Mr. Woodward. Yellow or brown
vellow, from 2 to 5 inches high, branches like some of the
shrubby Lichens, the branches always affecting forked divisions,
and terminating in pointed forks. Am not quite certain of my
reference to Bulliard, but still lefs certain that Mr. Bolton has

rightly referred to Bull. 264. . .. A, c

Heaths and dry woods. [Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stack-

rimta’ta. Cl. Black, thick, solid, conical, rough.

Fl.ian. goo-Bull. 220-Bolt. 1 29 ,h. -Schneff.^2Z-Mich.^. ora. 2, 4
-lPlcg.cls.^.6.

Substance like cork, tending to a cylindrical figure; black,
white within, i to 2 inches high, £ to l inch diameter, sometimes

CRYPTOGAMI A. FUNGI. Clavaria. (3) Stem branched. 369

rather branched, white at the top when young. Seeds lodged in
little cells on the surface, mixed with a glary fluid. These cells
are not very visible externally until the hairs fall off. Bulliard.

This is always branched, several stemsarising from the same thick
base, which supplies the place of a root. If any of Bolton’s figures
are intended to represent this, they are so ill executed as not to
be safely quoted; Mr. Woodward; who considers it as a Sphx*
ria, and difsatisfied, very justly, with the insufficiency of the
Linnacan character, adopted by Mr. Hudson, proposes the fol-
lowing. Sph. dig it at a t ramosa, ramis sub-sefsilibus oblongis, api-
cibus obtusis.

O11 rotten wood. Aug. — Nov.

Cl. Very black, rough, comprefsed, powdery, branched, Hypox'ylon
horned, or hand-shaped.

Bolt.i2g.b.c.t\e.f*—Buli. loo-Wieg.obs.t.^.f.^-Mich.^^.ord. 1.1.-
JValc.?i.j-Pet.gaz.C)rj'\2-Batsch 1G0.

From 1 to 3 inches high, and L to ^-acrofs; very woolly when
I young, and very black ; the tops tender and gelatinous whilst
voting, white, mealy ; flesh white, fibrous, rather wooddy. The
white tops turn brown and shrivel towards the end of winter,
when the seeds ripen. Seeds in cells on the surface below the
white part.

On rotten wood. On the stumps of alders which have been
cut down 6 or 7 years, plentiful, and in almost every variety of
shape and size. Pool tail in Edgbaston Park. It may be found
all the year, but not plentiful in the summer. The tubercles
first appear bejow the white extremities, on a lels white part, and
they are black.

Var. 2. Flat, thin, inosculating; but little hairy.

- Fl.dan.yi $-Mich. G6. 3.

No part broader than a packthread; but variously run into
one another. Mr. Woodward.

Between 2 thick oak planks which covered a well. Woodw.

In a similar situation over a well In a cellar at Mr. Warltire’s at
Wolverhampton. I have seen it 2 or 3 feet long, and between
the bark and the wood of a large elm in Edgbaston Park which
had been shivered bv lightning, I found it in the matted state
mentioned by Mr. V oodward.

Var. /B. Hudson, is the Boletus rangiferinus.

The Clavaria Hvpoxylon, and digitata, run so much into one
another, that I do not see how it is pofsible to establish them as
distinct species, but have at present kept them separate in com-
pliance with the opinions of Linnaeus, Haller, Hudson, Light-
foot, Bulliard, &c.

Vol. IV.— 2 A

3?o CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Clavaria. (3) Stem branched.

The Rev. Mr. Dickenson lately mentioned to me some curious
observations made by Dr. Waller upon these species, which seen\
decisive. The Dr. says that the plants described by Linnasus
under the names of Clavaria hvpoxylon, Clav. digitata, andClav.
ophioglofsoides are but one and the same plant, which he pro-
poses to call Clavaria villosa. The Clav. liypoxyjon as described
by Linnaeus is the most common appearance of the Male plant.
The Clav. digitata is the most common appearance of the Female
plant ; and the Clav. ophioglofsoides is only a variety of the fe-
male.

With regard to the Clav. digitata, so called by Linn, and
placed by him amongst the branched Clavaria’s, Dr. Waller
observes that Linnaeus has been mistaken in his application of
the word digitatus^ as by Tournefort, Vaillant and others, the
word has been applied to 2 female varieties of the plant, not to
signify that they were branched, but because their single head in
figure and size bore a resemblance to a finger.

The Clav. digitata, or female plant begins to spring at the
same time, (about the end of September) and in the same place,
(in shady woods) with the male ; but grows only to about half its
height. Though they grow always in clusters upon the stumps of
the same tree, yet they never both proceed from the same root.
After the male plant has shed its pollen in November, it continues
to decay till spring, when it withers quite away; whereas the fe-
male continues to grow vigorously till about the middle of Apiil,
when the head, the seeds in it being ripe, bursts in several places

and falls off. ,

These facts sufficiently shew the distinction between the sexes,

mkt ' ^

cuprefsifor’- Cl. But little branched ; head conical, supported on a
mis. stem.

This plant seems to me to differ very efsentially from the Ci.
digitata. It is generally simple, or only once divided. Stem
about -k an inch high, supporting a head about the same length,
which is always conical, resembling a cyprefs tree in miniature.
Mr. Woodward. I had arranged this as a variety of the Cl.
hypoxvlon, but now place it as a distinct species on Mr. Wood-
ward’s authority, who reckons it, as he does the others of this
iribe, as belonging to the genus Sphaeria, and favoured me with
the following specific character, from which the English charac-
ter, given above, is taken.

Sph. cuprefsifor mis sub-simplex, stipitata, capitulo comco.

On decayed wood. Mr. Woodward.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Tuber.

TU BER. Stemlefs; fleshy, solid, not becoming pow-
dery, not opening at the top.

Tub. (Bull.) Globular, solid, warty ; without a root.

Bull. 35G— Mich. 102, Tuber— Gled. 5. 10, and G.y-Tourn. 333—
Matth. 544- Sierb . 32, the uppermost A.-Lcnic. ii. 1 5-J. B. iii.
849-0^.486. 2-Lob. ic.W.Tubera; Ger.em. 1583. 8- Par k.i 319.
QO-Sterb.32, the middlemost /l.~Ger. 1 385.3.

Globular, of the size of a large plumb, whitish, rough with
elevated dots, in the centre containing a brown powder like that
of Lycoperdon Bovistay but in small quantity, opening with a rent.
Linn. suec. n. 1281. It is found under the surface of the earth,
at the depth of 4 or 5 inches. It has no proper root. Its colour
dark, approaching to blacknefs. White within when young,
but when old black writh whitish veins. Bulliard.

Truffles. Trubs. Under ground in high woods and pastures.
On the Downs of Wiltshire, Hampshire, and Kent.

» Sept.' — May.

This is one of the esculent Fungufses, and One of the best of
them. Dogs are taught to hunt it, and when they scent it they
Nark a little and begin to scratch up the earth. Pigs likewise iii
Italy root it up, and then an attendant takes it from them.

Tub. (Bull.) Tawny white, without a root, but rooted
by its base: variously shaped, roundish, convex,
hunched, somewhat wrinkled, solid, whitish. Dick-
son ii. 26.

Bull. 404.

Two to 3 inches long, and about 2-gds as much in width. A
section of its inside shews very like a piece of Rhubarb. Bull.
Half of it lying beneath the surface of the ground. Somewhat
yellowish when dry. Nearly allied to L. Tuber. Dickson.
Lycop. gibbosum. Dickson. Woods.

Var, 2. Uniform, tanned leather colour within.

About a fourth part buried; near 2 inches diameter ; surface
knobby and pitted ; hairy in the pits; substance uniform, like
cork, colour not variegated. The whole mafs perforated by stems
of grafs, so that it must have been above ground in a soft states
I suspect it will prove to be a distinct species.

Under a Spanish chesnut tree, in Edgbaston Park. Aug.

V l

Tub. Globular, rather solid, rent ; powdery in the cen-
tre ; without a root,

2 A 2

37

cibahium.

aPbum*

cervi'num.

372

sol'idum.

radica'tum.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Tuber.

Muh.§q.%-Gkd.5.f.\\-Stcrb.§2, the uppermost B.-Gars. 1 15. d.~
Lob.ic. ii. 276, Tuber a cervina-J.B. iii. 85 1 -Park, 1319* ^ 2
figures oh the right hand— S ter b. 32, lozvermost B»

(L. cervinum Bolt. 1 16, is L. spadiceum.)

Tawny on the outside and granulated ; the outer coat hard.
Whitish or purplish within. About \\ inch diameter. Micheli.

Woods and hedges. Cane W ood near Hampstead. R. syn. 28.
In Devonshire. Huds. [In a wood near Woolhope, Herefordsh.
It grew just on the surface under a tree, and was split m wide
hfsures so as to resemble a cluster of chesnuts. Mr. Stackhouse.]

Tub. Globular but comprefsed, brown, reticulated, very
firm ; blu© black within.

VaUl. 1 6.5.6 -S chaff. 1 88./. v ii.

Globular but comprefsed. Diameter 1 to 2 inches. Inner coat
tough and wooddy ; outer skin thin, brown, cracked, but not papil-
lose Inside firm, solid, blue black, even from its youngest state.
It seems composed of black grains, imbedded in a grey cottony
substance, so that when broken it appears more grey than when
cut, for then the inside of the granules appear black from being

cut through. Stemlefs. Rootshoit.

Edgbaston, under an oak tree by the Pool. 13th Aug. 1791.

Tub. Roundish, comprefsed ; radical fibres from the sur-
face, collecting so as to form a root.

BoitAiS-Mtcb.W.Z.anJD.-Sterb.v.th' 2 middlemost. B. B.
From i to 3 inches or more in diameter. Boot none, but ra i-
cal fibres are connected with different parts of ns surface. W hen
it rise out of the ground, the fibres which are undermost unite
themselves and form a kind of root. It -is at first brown, and
rouch and milk white within. When it is men above the sur-
face of the ground it afsumes various colours, as yellow, or green
or reddish brown. The inside now changes to purple, vanegamd
with black veins, and at length becomes wholly black Thenmi
is very strong, and never breaks open like that of the L> coper

d°ntnopVervinum. Bolt. bycop. spadiceum. Dicks.? The L.
aurantiacum of Bulliard cannot be the same with this, for it is a
real Lvcoperdon, and opens at the top. Lyc. spadiceum Schx .
1 88 has been referred to this, but the solid stem and the habit do

t agree.

On heaths, rare.

April — Sept.

373

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Lycopcrclon. (i) Wrapper

permanent,

LYCOPER'DON. Roundish, fleshy, firm : becoming
powdery and opening at the top : seeds fixed to
filaments connected with the inner coat of the
plant.

(i) W rapper permanent.

Lyc. Wrapper many-cleft, expanding: head spherical, colifor'me.
depreised : fruit-stalks and mouths numerous.

Dicks. 3. 4.

JFrapper when ripe splitting into several segments which lie
flat on the ground, expanded in form of a star. Head pierced
with several mouths from which the dust escapes. Doom in R. svn.

28. Wrapper leathery, at first inclosing the head, when ripe
splitting elastically into several segments ; segments unequal, to-
wards the ends marked with spots, the relics of the mouths of the
head. Fruit-stalks supporting the head, several, short, near toge-
ther, comprefsed, almost wooddy. Head brownish, covered with
a thin silvery pellicle, the upper surface pierced with holes, full
of a brown dust. Mouths small, round, fringed, somewhat ele-
vated. Dicks. This Lycoperdon springs from an egg which lies
on a level with, or just below the surface of the ground. In this
state it is nearly globular, but slightly comprefsed, of a dirty
white, wrinkled, scaly; with a short thick root terminated by a
few* fibres. Cut open it shews a soft leathery coat, covering another
which is thicker and much more tough, filled with a white curd-
like substance of a disagreeable smell. As yet there was no ap-
pearance of a head. One found in August remained in this state
to the end of November before it expanded ; wdien in a single
day it was entirely raised out of the ground and fully expanded.

The root breaks off, and is left in the earth, and the inversion of
the plant necefsarily raises it to the surface ; what was before the
upper and outer part of the wrapper being now next the ground.

This description of the method of opening applies to the L. Stella-
tum and L.recolligens as well as to this species. The head in the
larger specimens is considerably comprefsed, of a brownish colour,
covered with a very thin pellicle of a beautiful silver grey, peculiar
iu this species. The apertures are very numerous, slightly elevated
and fringed with fine hairs. The pedicles which do not appear
till the thick brittle coat (which is common to this and the other
stellated species) dries or peels off, are very numerous, wooddy,
thread or strap-shaped. In one specimen they filled up a circle
of 2" an inch diameter, and this had at least 40 apertures. In the
small specimens the head is nearly spherical, and sometimes the
1 2 A 3

374

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Lycoperdon. (i) Wrapper

/ . i < / * 1 i

perrnane?7t .

pedicles and apertures are not more than 3 or 4; hut these are
hardly to be considered as varieties. Notwithstanding there seems
to be a sort of correspondence between the number of pedicles
and of apertures, they have no direct communication, nor any
corresponding cells, the head forming a single cavity as in the
other species. The apertures are not accidental ruptures, but
originally formed, for in an abortive plant, found in company
with Mr. Stone, in which the dust never ripened, we observed a
puckering of the skin in the same situation where the mouths
usually appear. Mr. Woodward.

In the lane from Crayford to Bexley Common, Kent. Doody
in Ray syn. 28. — Sandy banks near Mettingham, Suffolk; and
Gillingham, and Earsham. Norfolk. Mr. Stone and Mr.
Woodw. [Near Hanley Castle, Worcestershire. Mr. Ballard.]

August. Sept.

ctella'tum. L yc« W rapper many-cleft, expanding ; segments unequal :

- head on a short stem, smooth : mouth tapering up-
wards, toothed.

T * >' ! ;

Bolt. 1 79 -Gent. Mag.feb. 1 jg2-Bryant Lye. f. 1 2. 1 3. 1 4. 1 6. 1 7.

' -Ray syn.p.zg.t.i.f. i-Mich. 100.2. ^.6-Schmid./^6.

When fresh opened the head appears sitting, owing to the
thicknefs of the interior spongy coat of the wrapper. After a few
days, this cracks, as represented by Mich. 1. 1 00. f. 5, and peels off,
and then the stem appears. I apprehend it to be owing to this
that some authors have described the head as sitting, and others
as supported on a stem, and it is therefore very difficult to ascer-
tain whether they speak of this plant or of the L. recolligens.
Head nearly globular; the mouth surrounded with a fringe con-
verging into a cone. The whole plant generally of a dirty white,
but the head has sometimes a greyish tinge. Woodw. Mouth
often smooth when first open, bitt in time splits into teeth. Air.
Robson. Head about 1 inch diameter, bluish brown. Jlrray>per
brown within, but bright silvery white on the outside. When
kept under a glafs, in a moist state, it gets the cadaverous smell
of the Phallus impudicus, but in a lefser degree.

« Hedge banks, pastures. [Hedge bank in a field called Little
Marsh Croft, by the side of the road from Blimhill to Brineton.
Mr. Dickenson. — Hedge bank by the side of the great road
from Coventry to Birmingham, near Stone Bridge. In Kdgbaston
Park.]' *' ’ ' ' ’ Sept. Oct. April. 1

Var. 2. Head flatted; mouth long, taper ; teeth longer.

Bryant Lyc .f.\ 9, the head only, but well exfrrfsed. Mr. W oodw.

375

CRYPTOGAM I A. FUNGI. Lycoperdon. (i) Wrapper

permanent ,

This, which is found on dry banks, usually amongst Ivy, is
different from being smaller, and having the head flat at top, and
the mouth extremely conical. It is almost black when dry, and
the Rays usually turn up at the point, but do not rise so as to cover
the head in the manner of L. recoil mens. Mr. Woodward.

O

Lyc. (ITuds.) Wrapper double ; 4-cleft; arched 4 head fornica'lum#
smooth; mouth blunt, fringed; stem short.

Scbtfff. 1 83-Phil.trans. ain\x.2o.p. 1 07 ; Blachst.atp.2 4, outer coat
too smooth— Batsch 1 68-Bryant Lyc . 1 5 and 20 -Battar 39. /I4.

The Rays may be sometimes 3 or 5, but only accidentally.

The double wrapper adhering by the points which is never seen
in any of the varieties of the L. stellatum is a grand distinctive
mark, for the outer wrapper remains sunk in the ground, not
being reversed and thrpwn out as in the stellatum, See. Mr.

Wo odward. Wrapper i£ inch in diameter, rough and ash
coloured on the outside, smooth and whitish within. Inner coat
whitish within, reddish yellow without. Head oblate spheroidal
brown, 6-8ths of an inch in diameter. Stem hardly L of an inch
in height. Dr. Watson in Phil, trails.

This plant in its expanded state, has a very singular and fan-
ciful appearance. The outer coat or wrapper remains in the
ground, whilst the inner separating from it is raised up and bears
the head upon its most elevated part, whilst the points of its seg-
ments remain united with those of the outer wrapper, so that it is
a globe supported upon 4 arched rays, the 4 points of the arches
resting upon the 4 points of the outer wrapper which form an
inverted arch. See Linn. Tr. vol. ii. for an excellent difsertation
on the Stellated Lycoperdons by Thomas Jenkinscn Woodward,

Esq.

Meadows and pastures, atBuckebury, 10 miles from Reading,
about Wickham, near Bromley, Kent; Blackst. — near Doncas^
ter, TofieldzVz fi.ang. — Near Norwich on the slopes of old banks
in a loamy soil, mostly in an eastern, and next to that a western
aspect, commonly at the root of a shrub or tree. Bryant. — On
the Links, Newmarket Heath. Relh. — [Near Hanley Castle,
Worcestershire. Mr. Ballard.] Oct.— Jan.

Lyc. Wrapper many-cleft, expanding; segments equal: recol'ligens*
• head globular, but flatted; stemiefs: mouth tapering
upwards. Woodward, in Linn. tr. ii. 58.

Schmid. 2 7 and 28,/. 20/031 - Bull . 238 and 471.1*- Mich. 100.3.

Gled. 6 , Lycoperdon /. 2 . -B ryantf. 3.4.5.6.10.

376

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Lycoperdon. ( i) Wrapper

permanent.

The rays of the wrapper when fully expanded seldom exceed
if inch, though I have found them twice that size. They are
nearly equal, and regularly spear-shaped. Outer coat of a bright
silvery white ; inner coat much thinner than in any other species,
and does not crack and flake off, but soon dries, when it acquires a
chesnut colour; smooth, rather shining. Head comprefsed, yellow
white or dirty buff, perfectly stemlefs. Mouth conical, ciliated.
Segments of the wrapper when dry entirely enclosing the head,
when moist expanding and perfectly flat. It may be made to un-
dergo these changes at pleasure by putting it ip a saucer with a
very little water, when in an hour or twp it will expand and again
contract it suffered to dry. This property it retains for years if
kept in a dry pla<?e.. Plants of the Lycoperdon stellatum often
appear stemlefs, but in a tew days they invariably shew the foot-
stalk. The diameter of the expanded rays varies from i to 4.
inches, and the size of the head from that of a pea to. an inch in
diameter. Woodward.

Earsham, Norfolk, and Mettingham near Bungay, Suffolk.
Mr. Woodward.

cylin'dricuin Lyc. Wrapper with many rqgged clefts : head cylindrical,

stemlefs.

Wrapper dark brown, torn into 7 or 8 unequal ragged seg-
ments. Head paler brown, smooth, cylindrical, opening at the
top; mouth plaited, puckered. Three inches high, and if inch
diameter. Internal structure like a honeycomb, but lefs regular.

There is no figure of this species, and I have not seen it, but
have described it from a drawing made by Air. Gregory Watt,
from plants which he found in a plantation of firs in the neigh-
bourhood of Glasgow.

fiofifor'me Lyc. Wrapper many-cleft, expanding: head globular:

stem long, slender, cylindrical.

Bull. 371.

/

Plant leathery, 'pale straw-colour. The capsule splits open
into 5 or 6 segments, which then resemble the petals of a flower.
A woolly matter replete with powder now comes into view, and
under this a pear-shaped receptacle. Bull.

Sphifrocarpui jloriformis. Bull. This curious species was
first discovered in England by Air. Relhan, growing upon Hyp-
, num praelongum and rutabulum in Aladingley plantations. Oct.

phailoiMcs. Lyc. Head bell -shaped, powdery : stem ragged, wooddy.

VhiLiranu Ixxiv. 1 6, at p.423.

377

CRYPTOGAMIA, FUNGI. Lycoperdon. (i) Wrapper

•permanent .

Roofs few, thin, whitish. Wrapper egg-shaped, double, with
mucilage between the coats. S 'tem ifsuing from the inner coat or
the wrapper, rather wooddy, hollow, brownish, its surface ragged.
P ileus bell-shaped, smooth, covered on its upper surface with a
thick layer of powdery matter, and bearing on its apex a cap
formed by a part of the lacerated wrapper. Powder spherical,
semi-pellucid, yellow brown. The egg is about the size ot a
small hen’s egg, and lies buried in sandy banks at the depth of
6 or 3 inches. The stem is from 7 to 1 2 inches long, though not
more than 2 or 3 inches appear above the surface. The pileus is
an inch or more from the edge to the apex, and nearly as much in
diameter at its base. Phil. Trans, v. 74, p. 423. This very sin-
gular plant was first discovered by Mr. Humphreys, and after-
wards its progrefs in its various states was carefully watched by
Mr. Stone and Mr. Woodward, the latter of whom sent an accu-
rate description of it with a drawing to the Royal Society. In
the Phil. Trans, it is referred to the genus Lycoperdon, and Mr.
Dickson has introduced it in his Fasc. Plant. Cryptog. p. 24, un-
der the name of Lycop. Phalloides. Its habit, and the mucila-
ginous matter between the coats of the wrapper had induced me
to rank it as a Phallus ; but in truth it is neither a Phallus nor a
Lycoperdon, but a sort of connecting link between the two, and
must probably form a new Genus. Its wrapper is said to be
three-fold, and continues rooted in the ground, but the stem, as it
rises up, carries up almost the whole of the internal powdery
wrapper attached to its top, as also some portions of the twoVmter
ones torn away from their bases in the same manner. Smith's ,
spiceleg. p. 12.

Sand banks near Norwich, Norfolk, and Bungay, Suffolk.
Mr. Humphreys, and Mr. Woodward Dicks,— -[Earsham

and Kirby, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.] Aug.

Lyc, Wrapper many-cleft: fruit globular, composed of Carpobolus
seeds united together.

Sower by 2 2-Pi. dan. 3 <j 5- Mich. 101.1.2.

Whitish, of the size of a pin’s head, opening into an expand-
ing border with 5, 6, or 7 clefts. From the disc an oval vesicle
as tall as the disc, leaps up, exploding its contents with an elastic
spring. Forskahl in Linn. This peculiar property of the Car-
pobolus, whence it has its name, seems to remove it from the Ly-
coperdons, though the leathery sac containing the seeds brings
them near together. If this be made a distinct genus, the Mucor
urceolatus will afsociate with it. Mr. Woodward.

37*

hvdro'pho

rum.

equi'num.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Lycoperdon. (2) With a

Stem .

On rotten saw dust. Brown in DilL muse. 55. On rotten
wood in woods and hedges. Huds. At Packington. Aug. — Oct.

Lyc. Wrapper entire, rusty red, protruding a pellucid co-
lourlefs ball.

Soiverby 2 3-Bull. 41 0.2.

The size of a small pin’s head, in clusters, sitting, somewhat
woolly, rusty red ; opening at the top, but not splitting into rays,
and protruding a diaphanous globule.

Peziza hydrophora . Bull. On rotten wood.

(2) With a Stem.

Lyc. Plant brown white: stem solid, cylindrical: head
globular. but rather hollowed underneath.

O 7

Will den. 7. 20-Dill. 1 4. 5-Ray. syn. 1 .3-Bolt. 178, but much larger
than the other figures , or than any specim&is I have seen .

Generally about £ of an inch high. Head from the size of a
hempseed to that of a large pin ; globular but sometimes hollowed
a little underneath, so as to resemble the pileus of a minute
Agaric with the edge turned in. The edge is filled with a reddish
brown mafs of seeds and woolly fibres, but I could never perceive
a tendency to any particular mode of opening, nor any appear-
ance of it being cut round, as mentioned by Willdenow. Dill. 14.
4, is, I suspect, a different plant.

Lichen byfsoides. Linn. Huds. and Bot. arr. ed. ii. Lycoperdon
gofsypinum . Bolt. In Gmelin’s edit, of Syst. nat . it is given under
the name of Lich . byfsoides , and again as Lycoperdon equinum. J.
Wynne Griffith, Esq. who furnished specimens to Mr. Relhan,
lately discovered it again on the decayed hoof of a horse, several
of which he sent to me, along with the following description.—
•* Substance leathery. Root spreading horizontally under the
laminx of the hoof or horn on which it grows. Stem solid, very
stiff, slightly comprefsed, white, but sometimes buff-coloured near
the root ; from j to 1-3M of an inch high. Head globular, com-
prefsed; surface cracked and mealy, bursting indiscriminately*
and filled with a light brown powder. I never was satisfied that
this plant was a Lichen, but I have now specimens which incon-
testibly prove it to be a Lycoperdon.”

Grows on the horns of cattle and sheep, but more frequently
on the hoofs of horses which havfe been long exposed to, and
softened bv the weather. Mr. Griffith.

J

379

CRYPTQGAMIA. FUNGI. Lycoperdon. (2) With a

Stem.

1

Lvc. Stem hollow, long : head globular; smooth: mouth peduncu-
cylindrical, very entire. la'tum.

Bull.^g^Batsch i^']~<Tourn.o)^i ,E. F .

Stem hollow, cylindrical, stiff, near an inch high, and thick
as a swallow’s quill. Head globular, f to-f inch diameter, rather
comprefsed, aperture small, oblong, surrounded with a tubular
ring. Colour pale, ochrey. Batsch.

Meadows and pastures. [Common about London. Mr.
Woodward.] Aug. — Oct.

Lyc. Stem very short: root large: head globular, but com-* yerruco'sum
prefsed ; olive brown, pitted.

Bull. 24.

Head yellow, pitted, like the the remains of the small pox, the
pits very minute and varying in depth ; diameter i to if inch.

Flesh white, changing to pinky when exposed to the air, woolly.

Seeds pinky grey. Stem solid, very short, white, thickening into
a large wooddy root.

Edgbaston, by ^ie little pool dam. 24th Aug. 1792.

Lyc. On astern: head nearly globular, tawny, brittle: parasit'icum
seeds black. Mr. Wood.

i

This elegant little plant was sent to me by the Rev. Mr.

Wood, of Leeds, in the year 1784. It grows in clusters upon
other plants; one cluster of those I received was attached to a
*tem of grafs, and another to a piece of a Hypnum. The stem is
cylindrical, yellow white, about i-20th of an inch in length.

The head globular, dull yellow or tawny, thin, brittle, opening
at the top and discharging a black powder. Its size that of a
small pin’s head.

In the neighbourhood of Leeds, Yorkshire. Mr. Wood.

* , - Nov. Dec.

Lyc. Sphaeroidal ; wrinkled at the base, furnished with a aurantia'cum.
shortstem; segments at the opening bluntly notched.

Bull. 2 7 o-> Vaill. 1 6 . 9 . 1 c~Mtc h. 9 9- 2 .

The stem or neck much plaited where it joins the root. The
substance bluish purple, changing to tawny when the seeds are
ripe. Its shape resembles that of a turnip, its colour varies from
pale greenish yellow, to orange or dull dirty yellow ; its dia-
meter from 2 to 5 inches. Bulliard. Outer coat cracking,
darker coloured than the inner coat. It is harder than any other
species, and opens at the side. Mr. Stackhouse.

3»o CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Lycoperdon. (3) Nearly

stemlejs ; large .

I am obliged to Mr. Rellian for the knowledge of this being
an English species. He tells me he found it on a common near
Derby. Mr. Stackhouse has since found it under trees, at Pen-
darvis, Cornwall. Jan.

(3) Nearly Stemless ; large.

pro'teus. L¥*c, (Bull.) Roundish, turban-shaped, or thinner down*

wards: flesh white : seeds dark-coloured; skin thin,
flaccid,

Lycoperdon {Bovista) subrotundum: lacerato-dehiscens. Linn.
and its varieties.

Obs. Growing on the ground, when young white, or pinky
grey ; tawny grey when full grown, and brown when old. Bull.
Surrounded with three coats; the outer coat tender, easily
abraded, the middle coat tough, leathery, smooth*; the inner coat
. connected, with the substance. Bolt. The arrangement of this

species and its numerous varieties is taken from M. Bulliard,
whose figures and descriptions are far superior to those of any of
his predecefsors.

Var. 1. great . Globular, sitting, very large.

Bull. 44 j-Sehcejf . iqi-CIus. ii. 23 S-Dod. 48 q-Park. 1323. 32-
$terb.2$.C.F..

.Sometimes as much as 12 or 15 inches in diameter.

L. Bovista. % Huds. L. Bovista. 1. Lightf. Bunt. Frog -
cheese. Buckejist. Pastures, and road sides amongst grafs. Aug.

The fumes of this when burnt have a narcotic quality, and
on this account it is sometimes made use of to take a hive without
destroying the bees. T his too as well as the former is sometimes
used as a styptic. It is used to carry fuel in from a distance.

Var. 2. onion-shaped. Globular but flatted.

Bull. 435. 2 -Schicff. 184 -Mich. 97, 3 and 4- Gled . 5. 5-Ba/t.

1 17. c. d. e.

Sometimes pointed at the top, sometimes a little tapering at
the bottom. Surface smooth, or scurfy, or cracked ; sometimes
almost prickly at the top. From to 1^ inch diameter. Root,
a small bundle of black fibres.

Lycop. Bovista. 5. Lightf. Very common.

Var. 3. egg-shaped . Shaped like an egg, the small end down-
wards.

Bul/.i35.f-i; and 47 £.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FLJNGI. Lycoperdop.. (3) Nearly

stemlefs ; large.

Often grows in clusters. Sometimes the lower part tapers so
much as to form a kind of stem ; its surface is smooth, or granu-
lated, or scurfy. About the size of a pigeon’s egg. Bulliard.

On old turf, common.

Var. 4. pear-shaped. Running insensibly into the preceding
and succeeding varieties.

Bull. 32 and 475. B. D. M. - Sd’cC[K 1 85. 1 3g -Bolt. 1 1 7. d.-Mich.
97. 5- To«r«. 33 1 .A.B.-J.B.ui.8±8.2-Gars.2jQ.£-Sterb,2g.F.

One to 2 inches or more in diameter. Tapering at the base,
sometimes so as to give a stem-like appearance. Surface smooth,
or granulated or rough as if prickly. Substance within grey,
changing to brown. Bulliard. In clusters. About ip inch
high, and L diameter. Pear-shaped, puckered towards the root,
not filled with dust, therefore easily comprefsible. Brown on the
outside, thick set and rough with rising dark brown prominencies,
on a ground of a lighter brown. Inside covered with a soft woolly
substance, amongst which the dust is lodged. A receptacle, or
more solid tuft of the same woolly substance also rises up in the
middle from the root. Such is the description of the smaller
specimens, the larger ones are shaped like the head of a knobbed
walking stick; varying greatly in size, from 1 to 2 inches high,
and from % to iL in the greatest diameter; bursting at the top.
Colour white. Surface studded with rising papilla;, of different
heights, some blunt, others pointed and black at the points.
Studs on the stem part much fewer than on the globular part:
Inside white when young, greenish grey when older. The bul-
bous part more solid, the stem part more cellular.

Lycop. Bovista. y Huds. £ Huds. L. Bovista . 2. Lightf.
Pastures, Edgbaston. Aug.- — Oct,

Var. 5. winter. Plaited at the bottom ; turban-shaped; with
or without a stem.

Bull. 72, W475, F,.-Sch<eff.i8(>. 190-Bolt. uj. a.

When ripe and shedding its seeds, there appears like a parti-
tion between the upper globular, and the lower stem-like part ;
and the contents of this latter part are rather pithy than powdery
and seed-like.

Lycop. Bovista. a. Huds. L. Bovista. 5. Lightf. In woods
and pastures ; late in the autumn and in winter.

Var. 6. pitted. The lower stem-like part irregularly pitted.

Bull. 52-Vaill. 1 2 . 1 5-Scbrtff. 2 9 5-Bolt. 117./*

Var. 7. rough. Prickly; tapering at bottom so as to form a
stem.

. Bull. 5 40.

38*

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Lycoperdon. (3) Nearly

stemlefs ; large.

This gradually runs into the pear-shaped variety. The
prickly coat readily separates. The stem-like part is separated
from the head by a transverse membrane. From i to 2-§ inches
in diameter. Bulliard.

Lyc. Bovista . e Huds.

Var. 8. pestle-shaped. Stem thinnest upwards.

Bull. 450.2. andtfs, F.G.H.I.'-Bolt.i 17 ig,~Vaill,\ 2 ,i6-Sch<ejfl

1 Sy-Mlch.gj.i-Gled.tj.Iycoperd.f.^-Mich^-MichtgBA ,

Surface rough or smooth. Stem generally thickening down-
wards. Globular part from 1 to 2 inches diameter. Stem near
3 inches high, and about 1 inch diameter. Bulliard.

Lycop , Bovista, vj Huds. L. Bovista, 3. Lightf. Woods,
[near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.] Summer and Autumn*

Var. 9. flat-topped. Nearly cylindrical, but rather crooked
and tapering upwards ; flat at the top, with a thin edge*

Bolt. 117. b.

Near the Red Rock, Edgbaston Park* May.

Var. 10. Stem very thick : pileus convex: the whole plant
set with fine pencils of soft hairs.

Brown yellow ; from 5 to 6 inches high; the stem 2 and the
pileus full 3 inches diameter. Mr* Stackhouse.

globofsum. Lyc. (Bolt.) Stemlefs; white* changing to black ; a re-
gular globe, with only two coats.

Bolt. 1 1 %-Sterb. 29.J H,

Snow white when young, and white within; black in decay.
Opens with a very large aperture; diameter about 2 inches.
Bolton..

Fields, very common*

defos'sum. Lyc. (Batsch.) Stemlefs; leathery, globular ; when open

the coats turning in ; half buried in the earth.

Batsch 229.

Rudely semi-globular when ripe, if to 2 inches diameter,
comprefsed, and opening with large rents at the top, when quit^
open the coats curl inwards. Base rude, knotty* buried in the
earth. Skin thick, leathery, strong, dirty yellow white, or brown*
very uneven, but not rough. Powder brown dirt colour, not
evidently intermixed with woolly fibres, but brittle. Batsch.—
More leathery than any I have seen, with a very large leathery
root. Mr. Stackhouse.

Drawing sent me by Mr. Stackhouse, but no habitat.

2

3^3

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Lycoperdon. (tfStemlefi;

small .

Lyc. (Bull.) Stemlefs ; nearly globular, flexible, purplish
lead colour, red within, changing to brown.

Bull, 192, the 4 lower figures to the right hand.-Batscb 166.

Grows on the ground only. Exists long after the dispersion
of the seeds, and rattles like parchment. Bulliard.

Common on sandy heaths in Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.

(4) Stemless ; small.

Lyu. (Bull.) Head pear-shaped, white, cottony, taper
at the base : seeds brown.

Bull. 435*i.

Head from i to 2-ioths of an inch diameter, wholly brown

when old. Bull.

1 On rotten wood.

*

Lyc. Stemlefs, globular, rough : mouth perforated.

Jacq.misc.i.j.

The size of a pea; sitting, crowded, brownish, rough with
minute warts, opening at the top. Mouth smooth. Nearly allied
to the L. epidendron, but has only one coat, whereas that has
two. Jacq. Mr. Bulliard from inattention to this circumstance
has placed it as a variety of the L. epidendron. It is either tawny
©r smoke coloured, but always rough and warty, whereas the Ly-
cperdon epidendron is smooth.

Lyc. Clustered, parasitical: mouth many-cleft, torn:
dust tawny.

Small, sitting, tawny, variable in figure. Relh. n. 983. not
Lyc. epiphyllum of Lightfoot, which is Trichia turbinata.

On the back of the leaves of Tufsilago Farfara, very com-
mon. Decaying wood, leaves, and mcfses. [On the leaves of
T. Petasites. Mr. Woodward, On those of the Bartsia viscosa.
Mr. Stackhouse.] Aug* — May.

*

Lyc. White, spherical, solitary, parasitical, sitting, con-
taining a white powder, and opening at the top with
many ragged clefts.

Ray.syn. 3. i.

ardosia'ceum.

gofsyp'inum.

pisifor'ine.

epi phyl'luxn

inna'tum..

3S4

cme'reum.

piden'drum.

CRYPT OG A M I A . FUNGI. Lycoperdon. (4) Stemlefs ;

small .

First observable like greenish tubercles within the outer cuti-
cle of the leaf on which it grows, from under which it emerges
of a white colour and a widely conical form wdth a small pore at
the top. This small opening gradually enlarging it becomes
glafs or pitcher-shaped, the edge tearing into numerous segments.
The cavity appears filled with a white powder, mixed with wool-*
like fibres. The whole becomes yellowish ,and then brown,
much resembling in this advanced age the fructification of a
Polypody. Allied to the Lycoperd. epiphyllum, but differs from
that in growing single, not in clusters, in being white, not orange
coloured, and in the mouth not opening into 8 or 9, but into
many irregular clefts. Pulteney in Linn. Tr. ii. 31 1.

Lycoperdon Anemones, ibid. JEcidium fuscuni. Relh. suppl, Con-
juror of Cha/f raves Fern . On leaves of the Anemone nemorosa.
Mr. Relhan has since seen it on the Adoxa moschatellina, Car-
tluus arvensis and Betonlca officinalis. Mr. Gough also found it
on the root-leaves of the latter plant, in the month of May.

Lyc. (Batsch.) Blue grey ; . globular, rough and branny:
seeds like sand, large, black, intermixed with zigzag
white fibres.

Batsch i6y-Mich.$6.q.

About the size of a pin’s head; brittle. Batsch.

Found by Mr. Relhan on rotten leaves in Madingley Planta-
tions, Cambridgeshire. •

Lyc. Small, globular, brittle : bark and dust purple.

Bull. 503, and 192, the lower left hand and the upper right hand
, figures. -Bolt. 1 19.1 -FI. dan. j 20 -Scbtff. 193 -Buxb.v. 29. 2-
Mich. 95.2. A.

This plant is globular, from F to f inch diameter. When un-
ripe the flesh is red ; when ripe, the seeds are pinky grey.

It is either, 1. Orange coloured and smooth.

2. Vermillion coloured ; black at the bottom.

3. Lead coloured; smooth.

The tawny and smoke coloured varieties of M. Bulliard be-
long also to the Lyc. epidendrum, but it does not appear thar they

have yet been found in this island.

An elegant little fungus when fiesh. Purple; frccpientL

confluent. Mr. Woodward.

Lyc. variolosum. Huds. On rotten wood, after rains. [At
Field Dalling, Norfolk, on an old block. Mr. Woodward.
About Packfngton.] Aug.— Oct.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Reticularis. 3$

Lyc. (D ickson.) Parasitical, mostly sitting, inversely frag'ileo
egg-shaped, brown: bark shining, brittle: mealblack,
with soft hairs intermixed.

Dicks. 3.5.

Pear-shaped, about i-toth of an inch hlgti, and nearly half
as much in breadth. Stem, when any* membranaceous. It grows
in clusters, and if the head when young should prove to be whit-
ish, transparent or bladder-like, it must be referred to the genus
Mucor. Dickson. >

On lirg, mofs, leaves of ivy, See*

RETICULA RIA. Roundish or oblong: soft and
gelatinous when young; when older firm, fria-
ble, tearing open indiscriminately and discover-
ing seeds entangled in capillary fibres, reticu-
lated membranes, or leather-like cases.

Obs. Never subterraneous; generally growing oil other
xregetables; seldom with stems, cushion-shaped or globular.

Sometimes serpentine in its figure. Bulliard. — It is nearly allied
to the genus Trichia, and also to some of the Lycoperdons. It
seems to include what Haller intended by his new genus Fuligo ;
and probably a little more observation will demonstrate that nei-
ther the Fuligo of Haller, nor the Reticularia of Bulliard, can
properly embrace the whole of the other, and therefore that both
must be adopted.

Ret. Stem conical, head convex, flat underneath ; whitish, hemisphe'rfca

Sower by 1 3 -Bull. 446. 1 .

The size of a large pin's head ; white, opening at the top and
then discovering the fibrous matter and seeds of a reddish brown
colour. Bulliard says the head is divided into cells.

On dead leaves, sticks, and on mofs, in woods and moist
places. See Sowerby’s admirable coloured plates of English
Fungi; but in the text read pi. 13, not pi. 12, as printed by
mistake.

Ret. Heads cushion-like, sitting, white, cottony. carno'sa.

JW/.424.1.

Nearly egg-shaped, larger than a pea, clustered together;
fleshy; harder with age, and filled with a black substance marbled
with white. Bull.

Mucor carnosus . Dicks, fasc. iii. 23. On rotten wood. Sept.

Vol. IV,— 2 B

■ ■ •• < * i *

C;y

336 CRYPT0GAM1A. FUNGI. Reticularia.

Lycoper'don. Ret. Stemlcfs : capsule membranaceous, somewhat egg-

shaped, fibrous within.

• ’* ; • ’ . . A %

BulI.<Yj6.i-~Boh.\o>o).2-Mich.^^A , Lycogala—Gled.6 . Mucorf i . a .

Brown and somewhat pear-shaped when young; white and
egg-shaped when old. From £ inch to more than an inch long,
and half as much in diameter. Bolton.

Mucor Lycogala . Bolt. Ly coper don fuscum. Huds. On rotten
trunks of trees. Sept. — May-*

Var. i. Silvery grey changing to brown ; powdery and brown
within.

B ull. 4 46 . y-Sch<£jf. 1 g 5 . 3 .

I was long doubtful under what genus this ought to be placed.
It rents open indiscriminately, which excludes it from the Lyco-
perdons, and in its want of evident woolly fibres or membranes,
it appears to differ from the Reticularia, an^ the powder not be-
ing black excludes it from the Fuligo of Haller. But in the
larger specimens and in its more advanced stages of growth, the
woolly fibres become sufficiently evident. I have always found
It upon cloven oak rails. It is generally egg-shaped, but flatted
on the side next the rail, to which it adheres by a large surface,
without any evident root. It is from the size of a large pea to
vthatofa Spanish chesnut. Its colour, brown, or reddish brown
like a chesnut, but this latter colour only appears where it loses
its outer skin, which is silvery grey. The surface is smooth and
shining, the whole substance very light, and the coats very thin
and brittle. The powder is of a reddish brown colour, and so
extremely fine that the most powerful microscope is necefsary to
shew that its component particles are egg-shaped. When rubbed
upon the hand it prevents its being wet though immersed in water.

July— Sept.

sinuo'sa. Ret.’- White, oblong, waved, pointed.

Bull. 446. y-Sowcrly 6-Ratsch 1 70.

* * w \ ' ft ' few •

This consists of numerous oblong white streaks, raised above
the surfaceof the bark on which they grow. They are about i-gd
of an inch long, scarcely the 20th of an inch broad. They open
on the upper side at a kind of seam which extends the whole
length of the plant, and are filled with a downy matter.

Discovered and drawn by Mr. Stackhouse, who found it on
the green bark of the willow, near to the bottom, where it lies ih
or near to the water. Mr. Sowerby found it in woods and under
damp hedges, on various kinds of herbage.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Retfcularfa. 38;

Ret. Whiter cobweb-like. hvdniordes.

Wben magnified it appears beset with crooked spicula taper-
ing to a sharp point.

Found by Mr. Stackhouse overspreading a leafof the Veronica
Chamcedrys.

Ret. Yellowish, yiscld, slimy; of various shapes. septi'ctU

S chaff, 1 g 4- Fl.dan.'j 78.

This always grows on decayed wood ; is of a smooth uniform
substance, not wrinkling like the Retie, ovata. In drying it
forms a smooth, thin, shining coat, instead of the scales which
compose the outer coat of the latter. At first it resembles thick
cream, or the running of cream cheese. Mr. W oodwaRd.

Mucor septicus. Linn. On rotten wood, See. [On old stumps
of trees, frequent. Mr. Woo'dward.] Sept. — May.

Var. 1. Whitish.

Butt, 424. 2.

Large, cottony and soft when young, brittle when old. Seeds
in large membranaceous cells* Bulliard.

tteticularia fjortensis. Bulliard. About Solihull, Warwicksh;

Var. 2. Reddish*

Schtff.i 95.

Have frequently seen it tinged with red, and sometimes more
so than the fig. in Schaeffer’s plate. Mr. Woodward.

Ret. Stemlefs, egg-shaped, mucilaginous, hairy, yellowish : ova'tae
gills cellular, vanishing, turning to dust, blackish ;
seeds black, adhering to threads. Sch^eff. ind, 132.

Scbaff. 1 92 -Bo/t. 1 34 -Mi ch.qb. 2-Bull. i .

On mofs or leaves bright yellow ; on tanner’s bark pale brown,
and on this last it sometimes covers a surface of more than a foot
diameter. Haller ranks it* as Lightfoot observes, under his
genus Fuligo , with the characters of which both this and Lyco-
perdon epiphyllum correspond. Mr.WooDWARD.

M. septicus, Lightf* 1073. Mr. Woodward. Woodson
grafs and other herbage. Aug.

Var. 2. White, frothy, large, turning to a black powder.

Butt, ct 26.

kJ -

I once found this on the stump of an elm which had been
sawn off close to the ground, of a very great size, not lefs than f

2 B 2

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. SphfcfTa.

inch thick in the mafs, and from 12 to 15 inches diameter. It
continued white about 5 days.

Reticularia alba. Bulliard. *

The reader is indebted to Mr. Stackhouse for the following
history of this remarkable plant, the circumstances of which there
is reason to believe also apply to the Retie, septica.

Its first appearance is like custard spilt upon the grafs or leaves.
This soon becomes frothy, and then contracts round the blades of
grafs or leaves in the form of little tubercles united together.
On examining it in its different stages under the microscope, it
first appeared like a cluster of bubbles irregularly shaped, and
melting into one another. In the second stage it appeared im-
bricated or tiled with open cells, the edges of the cells beautifully
waved. A blackish powdery matter on the surface of the cells
now gives the plant a greyish cast. In the third stage the wavy
imbrication disappears, and the plant settles into minute tubercles
united together. Some of these are closed, but many appear as if
torn open, and out of the cavity emerge little downy strings
with irregular shaped terminations, and other similar irregu-
lar bodies on the same strings, like the heads of some of the
genus Mucor, but nothing of a network, from whence Bulliard
has denominated the genus. It seems nearly allied, in its last
stage, to the Lycoperdons, and is not very unlike the Retie. Lyco-
perdon, as figured by Bulliard.

getum. Ret. Brown black, parasitical, fibrous within.

Bull, 2. 2.

This is the Smut, so frequently found upon the ears of dif-
ferent sorts of growing corn, and also upon grafses. It consists
of very minute egg-shaped stemlefs capsules, at first white, but
the thin white coat soon bursting, it pours out a quantity of brown
black powder, mixed with wool-like fibres. Aug*

SPHi^E'RIA. Fructifications mostly spherical, open-
ing at the top, whilst young filled with jelly,
when old, with a blackish powder.

Obs. Grows on the bark or wood of other plants. Capsules
often immersed, so that their orifices only are visible,

Obs. This genus has been much enlarged, in consequence of the
attention lately bestowed on the minuter Fungi, but I cannot con-
sent to arrange any of the Clavarias under it, for though the
discoveries of Micheli and some later botanists, have shewn in
come species of Clavaria an agreement in the structure of the
capsules with those of the Sphxria, yet Schmidei has demonstrated

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Sphseria. (i) With a Stm.

a similar structure in still other species ofClavaria, and it most
propably prevails ;n all, so that the two Genera must on this
ground be melted into one, notwithstanding the very striking
differences in other respects. Indeed if this principle were allow-
ed, it is probable that many of the Lichens must also be brought
into the same Genus, nor is it easy tp say where the confusion
would end. Under this Genus several plants arp placed which I
am aware do not very well accord with their situation, but as our
knowledge is not yet sufficient to enable us tp strike out an un-
exceptionable arrangement of them, it is perhaps better to submit
to the present inconvenience, than to increase the confusion by a
premature attempt at reformation. Mr. Bulliard has divided the
Sphasria of Haller into two Genera, viz. Hypoxylon, and Vario-
laria; his genus Sphaerocarpus also contains one or two species,
which some would think might afsociate with the Sphaeria’s. But
though I have not adopted Mr. Bulliard’s method, for reasons just
trow afsigned, yet I am persuaded that something like it will soon
be thought necefsary,

(i) With a Stem.

i

Spu. Head roundish, brown, supported on a stem. Dicks, entqmorhi'za
22.

Dicks. 3,3.

Stem single or double, somewhat comprefsed, 2 Inches high
and upwards. Head spherical, granulated on the surface. Dicks.

This having been called a Sphteria by the authority above men-
tioned, must stand under this genus, but the mode of fructifica-
tion does not appear to have been sufficiently attended to. Its
habit speaks it to be a Mucor.

On the dead larvte of insects in woods near Bulstrode, Buck-
inghamshire, Autumn.

Sph. Head egg-shaped, blue grey to sea green ; stem short, glan'ea.
slender.

Bull. $jo,2-Bo!t,i 20.2-Bat sch 1 Og.

In the specimens and drawing I received from Mr. Knapp,
the stems are rather more distinct than they are represented in
Mr. Bolton’s figures. When young white, when old black witn-
in, the seeds dispersed amongst fibres, which properly reteis it to
the Trichia, though the fibres are lefs numerous, and do not so
completely, fill the capsules as in that Genus.

Lich . cteruleo-vigricans. Relh. 847. Spharocarpus capsulijc^.

Bulliard. On Brafram Moor near Leeds. On a dead leaf. r«

Knapp. Nov. Dec.

2 B 3

39°

tomento'sa.

ni'vea.

vir'idis.

sanguin'ea.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNPI. Spteria. (2) Strnlfa

(2) Stem less.

Sph. Simple, clustered, snowy, downy. Relh. 1107.

* Stemlefs, incorporated, somewhat downy. Bolt.

BuIl.^g2,i-Bolt.i2^~Mich,^q.. ord. 37.5.

Crust none. Spherules minute, globular, covered with a
snowy down, sometimes confluent, marked with a few black mi-
nute dots, on losing their down turning bkck, become indurated f
and permanent. Flesh black. Rel H.suppl. ii. 31. — Fixed to the
inner bark of dead branches, forcing its way through the outer
bark. It is in clusters, each cluster about the size of a large mus-
tard seed. Bolt.

S.obducta. Bolt. Decayed wood in Madingley plantations.
ReLh. — On fallen decaying branches of trees.* Bolt. — Aug.
Sept. Relh. — Feb. Bolt.

Sph. Very white, in clusters, tuberclcd.

* - f ' 1 * § «.

Hoffm.6.3.

C±ubercles small, bellying, lopped and perforated at the top ;
white, but the perforation black. When the outer coat is sepa-
rated, they appear entirely black. Hoffman..

On the bark of trees in a wood near Gamlingay. Mr. Relh.

' w y June, July.

Sph. Simple, globular, green: bark granulated; granules
brown. Bolt.

B Olt . I 2 [ . 2 e

About the size of a white mustard seed, green, when dry pale
brown. Bolton. -

On small sticks and stems of plants when in decay.

Sph. Simple, egg-shaped, blood-coloured, perforated at the ..
end. Bolt.

Rtf//. 1 2 1.1 -£«//. 487. 3. '

Thickest at bottom, the size of a poppy seed, in clusters, open-
ing at the top, blood red, shining, white within. Bolton.

Hypoxylon Fheeniceum, Bull. 171. On rotten wood beside the
soring of Elm Cragg Well, at Bell Bank near Bingley, Yorkshire.

• • ' • ■ • ' June.

I -• ' * ' v

ICRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Sphseria, (2 ) Stemlefs. 395

Sph. Simple, clustered, scarlet, very small. Wieg. obs. 45. mo'ri.

BoltA20.i-Wieg.obs.2,n,

Crust none at all. Sphei tiles in heaps, but not confluent, glo-

bular, very small, bright scarlet. Dicks. Narrowest at the

base, orange colour when young; bright scarlet when full grown;

black in decay. Bolton.

On the decayed bark of trees.

#

j • S'- ■ . * * , * .

Sph. Simple, in irregular clusters, of a red lead colour ; grega'ria,
crust whitish, tender. Wieg. obs. 43.

Wei?.obs.2.\o.a.

o

Crust thin, smooth, whitish. Spherules very minute, irregu-
larly crowded, often in a stellated form, closely compacted ; red.

Dicks.

On the bark of trees, particularly the cherry. Feb. April.

Sph. Red, resembling a strawberry. Hall. n. 2190. Dicks, fragifor'mis.

24*

Hall. enum.2. 10 > at p. gi, hist. 47.1 o,at ii.p.88.

When young red, when old black. Dicks. — Rough with gra-
nulations ; substance hard, thick, hollow and black within.

Haller. n

On rotten wood. Sept.

• .. ’ 4/

«* ‘ s'*'-' k '

Sph. Compound, solitary, sometimes on a stem : nearly Tremelloi'des
globular, purple, somewhat jelly-like. Wieg.
obs. 4 6.

Bull. 28 \-Wieg. obs. -Bolt. 12 j. i-Dill. 18. 6-Mich. 95.3-G^

6. Mucor f. 8. a.

This plant is not absolutely without a stem, but the stem is
very short and nearly as thick at the top, entering into the sub-
stance of the bark on which it grows. In some specimens the top
part is of a full vermillion, and the lower part of a yellowish co-
lour. In other specimens this order of colour is reversed. It is
common in this latter variety to find young shoots growing up
close to the stems of the older plants, the heads ot which have tne
full vermillion colour. .

Tremella purpurea. Linn. Huds. Lightf. — Sph . miniata. Bolt.

On pieces of half rotten sticks, plentiful. $ , „ .

Autumn, Winter, and bpnng.

39^ CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Sphaeria. (2) StmUfi.

lycoper- Sph. Compound, convex, mostly solitary : pith mealy,
doi'des. black : rind tawny, friable. Wieg. ebs. 47. n. 10. J.

Wieg.obs.^z.a,

Parasitical, sitting, roundish, scattered, at first tawny, soft,
Succulent, when more advanced the bark falling, they become
brown and indurated, at length opening, appearing quite full of
a black compact powder. Linn. syst. pi, iv. 626. — Some globular,
others oblong, somewhat flatted, solitary. Linn. syst. nat.llh 234.
Lycoperdon variolosum . On the decayed bark of trees and on

sticks. Jan.— Dec. |

* * > •
i * lif . +4 % 1 .‘i

yipcipi'dea. Sph. (Bolt.) Leathery, branched, tawny, spreading ; seg-
ments cloven.

Bolt, 1 82.

From 1 to 2 inches diameter; tough, hard, leathery, deep
tawny, tending to orange colour. White within. Surface
roughish from the prominences of the tubercles underneath.
Bolton.

On branches of sallow and hasle, when so decayed as to crush
between the fingers. Feb,

1 ■ , ^ Sph. Olive green, solitary, semi-globular.

FI. dan. 1 ojg-Mkh.55.ord. 2 . 1 .

Though growing many together, they are never united. Mr.
Wo odward. Surface rough with short uptight hairs.

S. mammifomis, Relh. n. 987. On rotten wood. Sept.

/ h M ; ! • •

r)

fugo'sa. Sph. Stemlefs, clustered, globular j ash-coloured, wrink-
led, large. Bolt.

Bolui 23.2.

From ■£• to f inch diameter, rough, hard and dry like wood.
Bolton. Not Sph. rugosa of Wiegel.

Southowram near Halifax, on the bark of dead and fallen elm
branches.

maxima. Sph. Large, thick, black, marked above with pustules.

Wep. 72.301. Haller 2192. Dicks. 23.

« i } xi ' m

Bull. 487. 1 -Bolt. 1 8 1 -Mi ch.^^.ord. 2.1 .

Pustules very obvious. Relh. — Grey black, inflated, friable;
Surface uneven; cells distinct; from % to of an inch diameter.
Bul-l.

On rotten wood.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Sphseria. (2) Stemlefs.

Sph. Black; roundish, convex, dotted. Hall. n. 2192.
Nearly sitting, pustular. Relh. n 1059.

Bolt. i%o-Sch£ff. 329.

Convex, smooth without; substance within consisting of a
number of concentric layers composed of minute tubes or threads
pointing from the centre. Substance hard; covered with a thin
bark of a brownish black, somewhat wrinkled and rather glofsy,
grey within. Ray. Very irregular in shape, from to more than
1 inch diameter. Pustules scarcely visible to the naked eye. Relh.
suppl, i. 34. Sometimes from 2 to 4 inches diameter; opening at
the top when ripe and shedding a large quantity of black powder.
It is eaten by a maggot which also can eat through a deal board,
as happened to the bottom and sides of a drawer in which I had
kept some of these plants. This which is very common, differs
from the Sph. maxima in being morewooddy and shewingconcen-
tric circles when cut. It is generally more completely sefsile
than it is represented in the figures.

Lycoperdon fraxineum . Huds. — Sph, eoncentrica. Bolt. On ash
trees when rotten or in a decaying state, and observed on no
other tree. Ray. In large quantity on an old ash by the foot road
between Thornbury and Alveston, Gloucestershire.

Sph. (L ightf.) Black, convex; flesh black. Hall, n .
2187. stemlefs, incorporated, tubercled, brown I
spherules of the same colour. Bolt*

Bolt 1 2§.i-Wieg.obs .^.2 ,b.c .

About i: loth of an inch over. It always grows on the inner
bark of the branch, forcing its way through the outer bark. Bolt.

On dried sticks, decayed bark of trees, Lightf. and rotten
wood. Dill. — Most commonly on hasle. Bolt. Sept. — Apr.

Sph. Simple, mostly solitary, nearly imbedded ; shining,
black, crust sheath-like, cracked. Wieg. Dicks.

Wieg . ohs, 2.14.

Crust pale brown or yellowish, cracked, inclosing the spherules
to half their thicknefs. Powder black. Wieg. obs. p. 45.

On the bark of trees.

Sph. Black, conical, solitary, very minute.

Hojfm.5. 2

In damp shady places on small twigs stripped of their bark,
we find black dots, the size of a poppy seed, rough to the touch

393

fraxin'ea.

tuberculo'sa

nit'ida.

acu'ta.

394 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Sphaeria. (2) Stemlefs.

but without any crust. These when magnified appear shining
and conical, with an extremely fine perforation at the end, from
whence ifsues in warm and moist weather a viscid glaucous fluid.
Hoffman.

On the authority of Mr. Relhan, who found it on the decayed
stalks of nettles. Feb. — Apr.

cortica'lis. Sph. Cup-shaped, black : seeds numerous, shining, globular.

Bull.^ 92. 2.

Fixed so firm to the bark on which it grows, as scarcely to be
separable.

On the bark of elm trees. Mr. Relhan.

corona'ta. Sph. Black, egg-oblong, clustered, the apertures fringed.

Hoffm. 5.4.5.

Oblong, small, black, shining, imbedded in the bark on which
they grow. Crowned by the styles projecting through the outer
coat. These styles are thickest at the end and perforated. Hoffm.

Found by Mr. Relhan on decayed branches of trees.

Sept. Oct.

' flp v

nl'gra. Sph. Shining black, globules on a uniform brown black
ground.

T ubercles very small, perfectly convex, partly imbedded in the
crust, not closely crowded together. Ground or crust thin, uni-
form, smooth but not polished, nearly black.

On the bark of oak trees in the pleasure grounds at Enville,
Staffordshire. July.

"V id ■’ ifi1-

deprefsa. Sph. Stemlefs, incorporated, black, shining. Bolt.

B«//. 43 2 . 2-5 0// . 1 2 2 . 1 -‘Dill. xK.'j-Wieg. obs. 3 . %-Hall . enum. 2 . g ,
atp, qi,hist. 47.g,tf/iii.p.88

Intensely black, shining, hard, granulated, white within.

On the outer rind of decaying branches of trees. Bolt.

aggrega'ta. Sph. (Relh.) Aggregated, parasitical, spherical, mouth

entire. Lightf. 1069. Huds. 653. Simple, globular,
black, shining. Bolt.

BoIt,i22.2-Lightf.$i> lowermost figure, at p.962.

Small, black, about the size of and resembling the head of a
black hair pin. Relh. suppl. i. 35. Very much resembling fine

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Sphseria. (2) Stemlefs.

\

gun-powder, but white within. Bolt. Perfectly globular, the
size of small pins heads; grows in thick clusters ; principally on
decayed stumps of trees. Mr. Woodward.

Sph. Bombardica. Bolt. — ly coper don nigrum. Lightf. — Lyc.
aggregatum. Huds. — Trunks of rotten trees and rotten wood.

Oct. — Sept.

Sph. Stemlefs, incorporated, oblong, furrowed. Bolt. sulca'ta.

Bolt. 1 2 4-- Mich.g^.ord. 3 7 . 2-Hoffm. 3 . 2 .e.

About the size of a flea, blackish, oblong with a deepfurrow
extending from end to end, Bolton.

Lichen scriptus . @ pulicaris. Lightf. 80 r. On decayed
branches of ash trees. Bolt. — [Norfolk and Suffolk. Mr. Wood-
ward.]— Mr. Griffith has shewn that this is not a Sphseria, but

the old state of the Lichen tricolor. See page 23,

; •, * 1 1

I * ’ ' rJ • i • • •

SpH. Simple, solitary, very small, black: crust snowy byfsa'cea
white, powdery. Wieg. Dicks.

Wieg.obs. 2.9.

Crust white, powdery, spreading. Wieg. 43.

On the bark of oak trees.

Sph. Black dots in clusters on the bark. stighna.

m f

Hojfm. veg. crypt, fasc. i. p. 7.

On the authority of Dr. Sibthorpe, who observed it on the
fallen branches of trees.

i < •

. * /

Sph. Black, rough, granulated, opening at the top; crust scrip'ta.
white, with irregular black streaks.

Dill. 18.3.

The Lichen scriptus is only the ground of this plant, as spe-
cimens which Mr. Griffith favoured me with clearly demonstrate.

The tubercles are at first about the size of a very small pin’s head,
and bordered with the white crust, but in time they grow much
larger, lose the white border, become rough and granulated on
the surface, more raised above the crust, and sometimes en-
compafsed by a black ring. An opening next appears on the
top of the tubercles, and this continues gradually to enlarge,
the outer substance mouldering away, and at length there is only
left a hollow black cup sunk in the crust.

Lichen scriptus . On the bark of oak, birch, and other trees.

Mr. Griffith.

I

396 CRYPTOGAM! A* FUNGI. Triclna. (1) With a Stem.

brafsicas. Sph* Of various shapes, black; flesh white, Dicks. 23.

Bolt. 1 19.2.

Crust none. Spherules simple, often confluent, of various
shapes and sizes, from that of mustard seed to that of a pea. Dicks.

On rotten leaves of cabbage, vulgarly supposed to be cabbage
seed, and on rotten roots of parsneps; common.

TRIOHIA. In clusters: mostly fixed to a membra-
naceous base: capsules globular or oblong:
seeds escaping from its whole surface through
openings made by the separation of the fibres.

Obs. Capsule globular, oblong turban-shaped, or nearly cy-
lindrical, transparent, in colour and tenacity like cream. Opake
when older, columnar, filled with woolly fibres, its coat composed
of a fibrous texture, at first compact, opening gradually, and then
resembling a lock of wool, the seeds escaping through every part
of the surface. This includes also the Sphierocarpus of M, Bui-
Hard, which seems to differ only in consistence.

(1) With a Stem.

nu'da. Tric. Rusty brown : stem hair-like ; capsule egg-shaped,
changing to cylindrical, perforated by the stem.

Bull. 477.1 -Mich. 94. r.2, Clathroidastum- Gled.q., Stemionitis.f. 2,
tj.G.S-Bolt.gs. i-Batsch.iyb-Fl.dan.2 1 §-Sch£jf.2gy.

Stem black, shining, extending through the capsule up to its
top. Capsule white, egg-shaped; rusty brown with age, and
nearly cylindrical, the fibres of the coat opening so as to suffer
the seeds to escape between them. It varies in a longer or a
shorter stem. The whole plant is from 3 to 5 lines high. Bull.

Clathrusnudus. Linn. On rotten wood, particularly in hollow
stumps. May — Oct.

Var. 2. Stem broadest at the base. Capsule always cylindrical.

Bull.^yj.2.

Rusty brown. Capsule perforated by the stem. Bulliard.

On the stump of a fir, and on a decayed leaf of fir, in Coomb
Grove near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.

' ' aJ

denuda'ta. Tric. Stem very short: Capsule long egg-shaped, not

perforated by the stem: cupped at the base*

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Trichia. (i) With a Stem .

Bull. 502. 1 -Mich. g^. 1 , Clathroides-Bolt . 93. 2-Jacq. misc. i.6-
Batsch.i'jj-Schjeff. 29 j-Hall. enum. 1 .6 tatp. 2 1 , hist./fi.^^atp.

1 16. ( Not Schsff^qj.)

Stem brown, very slender, about i-2oth of an inch high.

Woolly top 3*2oths of an inch high; colour of red brick, com-
posed of woolly fibres, set with small knobs, throwing out dust
when touched. Dust the colour of vermillion; when very highly
magnified appearing composed of egg-shaped substances. The
stem supports the woolly substance, which resembles a roil of
carded wool, but does not extend through it. Wholly red, except
the apex, which is brownish. Capsule at first globular, oblong
when older. Jacquin. Stem hardly a line in length, not conti-
nued through the capsule. Capsule scarlet or tawny red, egg-
shaped when young, nearly cylindrical when old, its membrane
at the base remaining entire. Bolton. The capsules in Mr.
Bolton’s figures not so long, nor does the colour in the young
state agree with our specimens. Description of Batsch at p. 265,
very good.

Clathrus denudatus. Linn. On rotten wood in damp places.

“Near Bungay. Mr. Woodw. — On the stump of a tree; Rookery,
Edgbaston. June — Oct.

Trig. Stem short: capsule globular, cut round; red. ru'fa

Bull. 368.1 -Schmid. 2 40 .to viii.

The place of this plant in a system is not easily determined.

The capsule opens horizontally about its middle, like a snuffbox,
or like the S. vefs. of the Anagallis ; the upper and under lid re-
maining entire; therefore it does not agree with the genus Lyco-
perdon which opens only at the top, nor does it well accord with
the Trichia, the capsules of which stretch so as to let the seeds
escape between the fibres, though in some species the lower part
suffers no such separation of its fibres, more nearly resembling the
plant in question.

Ly coper dan rufum. Dicks. 2 z. 1 . On rotten wood.

• tX- C , ’ July — Aug.

. | «|A ' ^ A

Tric. Stem very short, smooth : capsule tawny, globular; ful'v
wool tawny.

Bolt, g 3 . 3 -Bull. 387. 2-Hall. enum. 1.4, atp. 2 r , hi st. 48 . 4 , at i i .p. 1 1 6 .

Stem white. Capsule varying in colour from scarlet to yellow
I brown; when its texture opens, the lower part remains entire on
I the stem. The whole plant not i-ioth of an inch in height.

Spheerocarpus Trichtoides. Bull .—Clathrus fulvus. Huds. — Mu-
j cor fulvus. Linn. On rotten wood. [About Bungay. Mr. Wood-
ward .] May — Oct.

393

CRYPTOGAMIA. PUNGI; Trichia. (i) With a Stem. i

al'ba Tric. White, globular, changing to deep purple or black;
shining : stem black.

9

Bull. 407. 3./. D .

Capsule globular; dust red brown. Stem black, cylindrical,
but flatted and broader at the base,

Sphrfro carpus albus. Bull. On rotten sticks.

fla'va.* Tric. Capsule on a stem, 'whitish: wool yellow.

Bull. 40 7 ,2-Bolt. 93 . ±~Hall.enum. 1.3 and^atp.2 1 ; hist.4.8. iii.et
p. 1 16.

This has been supposed to be the Mucor sphaerocephalus of
Linn, which it may be, as Mr. Bolton remarks that the capsule
turns black after the discharge of the seeds.

Clathrusfavus. Huds. 631. On rotten wood. June— Oct.

pyrifor'mis. Tric. Yellow, as if varnished : capsules gradually taper-
ing downwards into a cylindrical stem.

Bull. 417.2.

Stem short. Capsule not larger than the head of a pin. Seeds

and wool yellow. , .

Sphterocarpus piriformis. Bull. Found upon decayed wood in

Shotover plantations, by Dr. Sibthorpe. Oct.

nu’tans. Tric. Plant yellowish : stem very short : capsule very long,,

reclining.

Bull. 5 02.3.

When young egg-shaped and white; but when the capsule:
gives way its content! afsume an oblong figure and a brown yellow,
colour. Hardly i of an inch high. Bull.

Observed by Mr. Dickson on rotten wood.

oliva'cea. Tric. Stem and capsule woolly, olive-coloured. Bolt,

Bolt. 94*2.

O11 putrid weeds when thrown on a heap to rot for manure.

furfura'cea. Tric. Stem thread-shaped, green : capsule globular, mealy.'

Bats eh 178.

Clatbr'us virescem. Huds. 63 2—Mucor furfurateus . Linn. On
the ground in the shade on the sides of roads and duclK’^andon
rotten wood.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Trichia. (2) Stemlefs. 399,

Tric. Stem thickest downwards: capsule globular, ash- globulif'era.
coloured.

Bull.$84.$-Bolt.g^.i-Ha!l.histAu.q$.2. at p.i 16.

Clathrus sphtcrocephalus. Bolton. Spheerocarp. globuli ferns.

Bulliard. Mucor sph&rocephalus. Sp. pi. Clathrus cinereur.

H u ds. In the cracks of old dry wood, at all seasons. Bolton.

£ v ^ .,a ’ *•

Tric. Capsule on a stem, globular; wool black. recuti'ta.

Bat sc h 232.

Head roundish, after bursting the lower half remains white
and membranaceous, and upon it rests an egg-shaped mafs of a
cotton-like texture. Linn. suec. n. 1264. The figures of M.

Bulliard are rather egg-shaped than globular, and taper down-
wards so as to form a stem, but in the plants, now before me, the
stem is thinnest upwards, and there is a hollow dot at the top of
each unopened head. In an elegant drawing, by Mr. Knapp,
which accompanied his specimens, the stem is equally distinct as
in the figures of Batsch. $

Cl. ater. Huds. 631. Cl. recuthus. Linn. Mucor cancel! attis.

Batsch.

On rotten wood. May — Oct.

[In a wood in Bucks. Nov. Dec. Mr. Knapp.]

Tric. Permanent: stem awl-shaped ; black: capsule len- Lichenoi'des.
til-shaped, ash-coloured, or black.

Dill. 14.3.

The basis black, pitchy, elevated. Head hemispherical above,
underneath plano-concave, with a round edge, resembling the
crab’s eyes of the apothecaries; ash-coloured, of the size of poppy
seed. Linn. suec. n. 1287. I was favoured with specimens by
Mr. Knapp, who remarks that he has never seen it grey, but al-
ways black.

Mucor Lichenoides. Sp. PI. On rotten wood. Jan. — Deer

{2) Stemless*

Tric. Stemlefs; in clusters; capsules cylindrical, tawny fragifor'mis,
red.

Batsch 172.

... / •

About 1 -8th of an inch high, and fas much in diameter, sitting
in clusters upon a common membranaceous base of the same cu«

I

>0 CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Mucor.

lour; opening at the top and discharging its seeds, which, toge-
ther with the fibres which connect them, are of a deep tawny
saffron colour. Batsch. Rose red when young. Bulliard.
Lycoperdon vesparium. Batsch. Sphtfrocarpus fragiformis. Bull.,
Mr. Relhan informs me that he has found this plant in Ma-
dingley Wood, and \Vood,-Ditton, iri Cambridgeshire.

On rotten wood, and decaying trunks of trees. Spring. [On
the stump of an hazel, growing in considerable quantities;
Powick near Worcester, Mr. Stackhouse.]

turbina'ta. Trio. Stemlefs ; turban-shaped,: wool yellowish. (Huds..

6 q 2 . 8 • J

Mich. 94. 2, Clathroides-Gled . 4. Stemonit.f. 1,3,7 » and 4 -Halh
enum. 1 . 7. at p. 21, hist. 48. 7, atiii.p-i 16-Bolt. g4-.3-Fl.dan.
6^5.i-Scop.ann.\v.2.i 1 -Batsch 1 73.

Lycoperdon luteum. Jacq. in syst, veg. p. 982. Relh. n. 1103.
L. epiphylhan. Fightf. 1069. On rotten wood. [Near Bungay..
Mr. Woodward.] Aug. April.

fusco'ater. Tric. Brown black ; stemlefs : seeds yellow.

Bull. 417.5-

Spheerocarpus sef silts. Bull. Found by Dr. Sibthorpe on de-
cayed wood in the plantations at Shotover, Oxfordshire. Oct.

• * 1 ^ " y 1 * r*

MU'COR. Seeds naked, or in transparent capsules at
the end of the stem.

^ T h

x . \ f , _ r . A • *

aquo'sus. M. Stem long, pellucid : capsule a watery globule : seeds

roundish.

Pet.gaz.5 1.7.

Observed by Mr. Dickson on putrefying paste.

Muce'do. M. Stem undivided, supporting a single globular capsule.

Bull. 480. 2-Fl.dan.^.^-BQlt.io>2.i^Mich.gs^y Mucor-Gled,
6, Mucor f. 3. a.f.f. 2. a.-Sterb. 31 , more highly magnified.

On putrid planks and other substances. Jan.— ‘Dec:

glau'cus. M. Stem supporting a head : heads roundish, incorporated,
FI. dan. 777. %-Mich. 91.1. Aspergillus; /. D.~Gled. i,Byfsus t
row s.f.q-Fl.dan.Sqp.Z, may be the same plant.

I

\ „ *

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Mucor.

4

On rotten apples* melons, and such like substances.

Jan. — Dec.

M. Stem hair-like: head spherical, like a dew-drop, with
a black dot at the top. Ray syn. 13. n. 13.

Bull, 480. 1 -Bolt, 132. 4 -Pluk.i 1 6.7 -Pet.gaz. 105.14.

Agaricus tenellus, Huds. 621, according to Relhan. On horse
dung. Aug. Sept.

M. Soon fading : stem above bellying, transparent, like a
dew drop: head roundish, clastic, black. Oicks.

25. Relh. n. 1062.

« * Fl.dan.io^o-Bolt.i^^.i-Dichs.^.G.

Stem yellowish, changing to a pellucid watery blue, bellying
upwards. Head spherical but deprefsed, black, shining, when
ripe thrown off with an elastic force. Dickson. This plant,
having the property of ejecting the seed-vefsel in the same man-
ner that the Lvcoperdon Oarpobolus does, and the head, which
is blackish grey, appearing to be replete with seeds like that,
should the former be made a distinct genus, this might afsociate
with it. The structure of it is clearly a membrane surrounding
and inclosing the capsule in form of a round ball at the top of
the stem, which, when ripe, is exploded to some distance. This
membrane is not fugacious like the Mucors ; a specimen, now 6
or 7 years old, still shews the remains of the collapsed membrane,
though the capsules are fallen into powder and gone. Stem , after
the explosion of the head loses its bellying appearance, becomes
cylindrical and crooked, in which state it will remain for years,
if kept in a dry place. Mr. Woodward.

On horse dung; to be found early in a morning. Aug.

» ' */ '

M. Stem black, bristle-shaped, set with brown woolly hair.
HalLenum. 1 . 1 , at p.2 1 , hist. 48 . 1 , at p. 1 1 6.

Rotten wood. Jan* — Dec.

1

f ... v

M. Stem branching : fructifications finger-like.

Bull. 504.1 1 -Bolt. 132.2-Mich.91.fr Asgergillus-Gled. r . Byfsus
row 3./. 2.

On rotten vegetables in woods.

M. Stem undivided : fructifications radiating, terminating.
Var. 1 . Rays of fructifications few.

Vol.IV.— 2C

401

ro'ridus.

urceola'tus.

Em'bolus.

cespito'sus.

crusta'ceus*

<402

CRYPTOGAM! A. FUNGI. Mucor.

Bull. 504. 1 1 -Mich. 91.3, Aspergillus.

Height 1 to 2-ioths of an inch. Fructifications beaded, ifsuing
in rows like rays from the top of the stem.

Var. 2, Rays of fructifications crowded.

Bull.rp^. 10— Mich.gi .2, Aspergillus.

On rotten vegetables, and corrupted food, in moist shady
places. Jan. — Dec.

bo'trytis* M. Stem bearing fructifications in bunches. (Bolt.)

Bolt. 1 32. 3-Rtt//. 504.7-^7.^.777. i-Mich.91.4., Botrytis -Gled.
1 . Byfsusy row 3. f. 1 ,

Height from 1 to 2-ioths of an inch. Fructifications like
bunches of grapes.

On a decaying plant of Boletus versicolor.

*

ca'seus. M. Crust rather leather-like : steins very short: heads or

seeds roundish, white, yellow, or scarlet.

5^/7.504.2.

Observed by Mr. Rellian on old cheese kept in a moist cellar,
and on decayed leaves in woods. See FI, Cantabr. Suppl.iii.p. 39.

s *

auran'tius. M. Crustaceous : stems branched, creeping: seeds few,

roundish, scattered, very minute, orange coloured.

Bull. 5 04.5.

Of long duration. Found by Mr. Rellian on willows, by the
river in Granchester meadow.

chrysosper'- M. (Bull.) Extremely fi ne, yellow ; consisting of stems
mus. supporting yellow seeds, singly or in clusters.

Bull. 47 6. 4, and 504.1.

Covering the whole surface of the plants-on which they grow,
and staining the fingers yellow.

I have repeatedly found it, but always upon Boleti which grew
in shady places ; generally on the Boletus pellucidus.

Aug. — Sept.

It has the same property of repelling wet that has been observed
in the seeds of the Lycopodium. A specimen now before me is
not wetted, though it has been immersed in a fluid for a year.

r * \ .

Iigni'fragus. M. Growing in spots ; white or green : stems very slen-
der, branched, interwoven-: seeds very minute,
roundish, scattered.

CRYPTOGAMIA. FUNGI. Mucor.

403

1 Bui /. 504.6.

At first white, then deep green, often but a few together.
Figure of the spots uncertain. White wood near Gamlingay.
Relhan.

I

1

*

►

M. Spreading, white, consisting of extremely fine woolly
filaments supporting seeds.

This appears upon some of the smaller stipitated Boleti, cover-
ing the whole of the pileus and upper part of the stem. It is
more durable than the M. chrysospermus.

Under the large clump of beeches, Edgbaston Park.

. , ' Aug. Sept-.

The Boleti on which either this or the M. chrysospermus are
found, are always in a very tender half rotten state.

»

M. Bristle-shaped : seeds at the root.

Mich. 91.5, Aspergillus.

Caverns and arched cellars. Sept. — April.

M. White : heads brown, sitting.

Bull. 5 04. 1 2.

M. fetruginus. Bull. On decaying leaves. Aug. Sept.

M. Crustaceous, black : capsules sitting#

*» /

Bull. 5 04.13.

Grows in circular spots of half an inch diameter on the leaves
of the sycamore, occupying both surfaces of the leaf. This also
has been observed by Mr, Relhan, but I doubt the propriety of
placing it under the present Genus.

argen'teus.

le pro's us.

Erys'iphe.

granulosus.*

THE END.

r >

CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONS.

I

4°4

— — Cat- •—

• VOL. I.

At page 77, after Repens read

Re pl 1 cat us, folded or plaited, so as to form a groove or chan-
nel ; as in the legumen of Astragalus hypoglottjs.

At page 102, after Breyn. cent . read fol. and after Breynii pr.
read 4m.

At page 104, before Garidel read

Gartn. Gaertner de fructibus et seminibus plantarum. 2 Vol. 4to,
1788 and 1 791.

At page 337, after line 24, add

Obs. There are sometimes a few Male florets in the centre.

At page 305, PILULARIA, and ISOETES at page 385, should
have stood under the subdivision MISCELLANEA, fol-
lowing LYCOPODIUM at page 384.

VOL. IL

At page 389, instead of YMRIOPHYLLUM, read MYRIO-
PHYLLUM.

At page 447, in the margin, for Peplis read Peplus.

At page 449, put out Euphorbia verrucosa, and read

ricfta. E. Umbel of 4 or 5 spokes, each 3-cleft and these forked:
involucella nearly ovate : leaves spear-shaped, ser-
rated, entire at the base, smooth: capsules warty,
hair-lefs.

.E.^-333-

From the disagreement of our specimens with the Linnaean
E. verrucosa, I had been led to suppose that there had been a mis-
take in calling our species the verrucosa, and exprefsing my sus-
picions on this point to Mr. Relhan, who seems to have been the
first who found the plant since the time of Ray, he very obligingly
sent me some young plants, but unfortunately they did not live.
Dr. Smith now informs us, that our plant is the E. stricta ofYrxr.
Nat. which Linnaeus afterwards omitted, and confounded with
the verrucosa. See E » hot, 333. A*

CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONS,

4°5

VOL. IV.

At page ioi, after Fucus edulis, should have followed:

F. Membranaceous, forked, segments broad, strap-shaped; puncta'tus.
fructifications in oblong spots.

Substance thin as gold-beaters skin ; colour brownish, but
perfectly pellucid. It arises from a flat knobby base, of a
considerable size, extending to the height of 6 inches. It is
forked in its mode of growth, the segments from 1 to if inch
broad, of the same breadth from one subdivision to another. The
ends are subdivided into several strap-shaped segments about the
breadth of a straw, f an inch long, and blunt or notched at the
1 extremities.

The fructifications appear in every part of the plant, except
the terminating segments. They afsume the shape of oblong
spots, placed at pretty regular intervals, of a darker colour than
> the rest of the plant. These spots, under the microscope, are
found to consist of dark red granules, or globules; smooth and
without any fruit-stalk.

First discovered by Mr. Stackhouse, on the sands at Wey-
mouth, very near the pier, at low water mark.

Mr. Stackhouse observes, that a plant of this size and singu-
larity must have attracted notice if common. He therefore con-
jectures that it must be an inhabitant of deep waters, fortuitously
thrown ashore in a state of perfection. Sept. 1792.

At page 1 41, after Conf. nigrescens, add,

C.Red: much branched ; branches 4-sidcd. tetragoTu*.

Found by Major Vclley and Mr. Stackhouse at the Bill of
. Portland, growing parasiticallv on the larger Fuel, principally on
their stems. Colour bright pink, one to two inches long. When
magnified the stem and branches appear 4-sided, the sides hol-
lowed. Mr. Stackhouse.

At page 273, in the margin, for sccbaratus, read saccharatus.

At page 2, line the second, strike out ALGdE, and insert A. Sub -
stance like powder.

At page 14, line 12, for Jacq. coll . iv. 7. 4, read Jacq. coll. iv.

7* 3*

%

At page 70, in the margin, for rufus, read rufescens.

At page 67, fin the margin, for fluviatilis, nr^aquaticus.

At page 212 in the margin, for aureus, read citrinus.

At page 22, in the margin, for crenulatus, read crenularius.

At page 237, in the margin t for roseilus, read rubeolarius.

\

406

INDEX to the FOURTH VOLUME.

/JJpidium fuscum
Agaricus

acris

adhaesivus
adscendens
ad ust us
seruirinosus
aestivus

*54

*75

160

1 78

*77

259

182

162

a^restis
ahnatQchele 203
albellus 158

albus 219

alectorolophoides

1 5°

alliaceus 277
alneus 306

alumnus 219
ame thy steus 180
ametliystinus 180
amethystinus 207
26t

anguiatus 229
annular ius 164
annulatus 273
appendiculatus

288

applicatus 305
aquosus 265, 296
araneosus 202
arancosus 206
araneosus-Vio-

la ecus 207

ardosiareus 290

garicus

Agaricus

argenteus 243

carnosus

27 6

arvensis 230

campanulatus

2 66

at r ament ar his 297

298

atro-albus 242

campanulatus 295

atro-rufus 283

campestris

229

aurantio-fer-

c amp e sir is

3or

rugineus 301

canaliculatus 227

aurantius 195

candidus

154

aurantius 229,234

Cantharellus

150

261, 269, 286,

caryophylhcus

0 T 0

293

case us

I58

auratus 198

castaneus

l66

aureus 165

castaneus 25 6,

267

auricomus 243

cepccstipes2 19*233

avellaneus 225

ceraceus

263

bad ins 227

chant are Hus

15°

badius 227

chocolatus

250

244

ci liar is

297

betulinus 304

cimicarius

174

betulinus 305

cinctulus

298

hi color 297

cinerescens

234

huccinalis 149

cinereus

294

bulbosus 206, 208

cinnamomeus

I67

bulbosus 217

cinnamomeus 257

cacuminatus 20 1

circumseptus

249 .

ccerulescens 20S

citrinus

212 /

aeruleus 199

claveeformis *

*57

c as sarins 2 1 5

clavaeformis

176

csespitosus 235

clavatus

200

calyciformis 209

cl a v us

224

Candidas 147

clypeatus

253

earn eo -albus 170

clvpeolarius

275

carneo*flavus 270

clypeolarius

276

INDEX to VOL. IV.

garicus

A garicus

A garicus

O

f

coc cine Us

229

cyaneus

260

bbrosus

247

collinitus

227

cyathiformis

J55

fibula

176

collinus

I23

giganteus

155

licoides

3°3

colubrinus

272

cyathiformis

167

fi lopes

241

col us

282

cyathoides

J93

fitne tar hts

287

comatus

287

cylindricus

286

fimetarius

295

comprelsus

243

delicatulus

169

fmbriatus

156

conchatus

3QI

deliciosus

I7I

fimbriatus

181

coneinnus

240

dent at us 262,

265

fimi-putris

2 54

congregatus

164

denticulatus

1 55

fils us

260

congregatus

280

depluens

3°4

fistulosus 241,

242

conicus 24 1 ,

262

depreisus

181

256

confertus

218

des devins

239

fiabellatus

299

connatus

21 1

dimidiatus

3°°

flabelliformis

30 2

conocephalus

283

dispar

278

jiabelliformis

3°4

conspersus

293

domesticus

288

flavicans

267

constrictus

199

driophyllus

289

flavidus

209

contiguus

177

dulcis

J73

flavidus

292

contiguus

17(8

durus

2 34

flavipes

28 1

contingens

285

eburneus

154

jiavo-floccosus

1 97

coralloides

165

edulis

2 30

flavus

29 1

co ri ace us

201

elasticus

189

flexuosus

1 74

coriaceus 3 06,

22 1

elasticus

192

fioccosus

266

corneus

228

elephantinus

197

furstcdtiensis

3°-l

cornucopioides

152

eme ti cits

J95

for aminulo sus

250

coronatus

270

ephemeras

297

284

corrugatus

284

epiphyllus

148

fragilis

21 1

corticalis

J47>

cpiphylleus

225

frag rails

1 6 1

2 37

equestris

291

fugax

2 93

cralsipes

184

ericetosus

1 76

fuliginosus

279

crafsipes

190

eri ceus

1 55

fulvus

1 79

crenatus

252

ericeus

l73

furfurosus

J«3

crenulatus

2 94

cx a rat us

298

fuscescens

281

cretaceus

219

excoriatus

27 3

fusqus

194

croce us

197

extinctorius

274

fusco-albus

278

croceus 251,

262

fetidus

3°4

fusco-flavus

250

cruentatus

292

farinaceus

236

fusco-pallidus

>9*

crustuiiniformis

farina ceus

2S1

fusco-purpureus

- • •

231

farinulentus

12 3

, .

249

cryptarum

265

fauve

232

fusipes

1 84

cmnulatus

164

ferruginascens

galericulatus

241,

cuspidatus

284

25l

. 253..

cyaneuS

208

fascicularis

26S

Georgii

2J>

t

4o8

INDEX to VOL. IV.

Agaricus Agaricus . A

1 o- 1 an di- calyx 228 lactiji. dulcis 174

glandulosus 300
glaucopus 2 06
glutinosus 164

grid phacephahis

205

gracillis 189

grammopode 18 1

graveolens

o

181

271

222

v_/

244

o ,\2

244

gnseus
hinnuleus
hippo-pinus 202
horizontalis 224
hyalinus
liypni
j ant hi nus
iecorinus
illitus ,
incatnatus
incurvtis
i 7 if 1 1 ndl b ulifo r -
mis

infundibulitor-

171

210

258

177

T r O

1 o-

nns

integer

156

194

178

237

229

2C

o

lactiji . plumbew

involutus
irregularis
her me sinus
labv rinthilor-
mis

lac cat us
lacer
lacer
laceratus
laciniatus
lacrimalis
1 aery mab Lind us

288

laeticaulis 204

lactifluus 168

lactifluus, 174

lactifluus acris

99

226

182

78

291

252

247

lactiji . zonarius

J75

lanuginosus

O

194

222

246

279

163

*99*

158

216

cens

Ijvidus

longipes

luridus

lustre

garicu^

maritimus

O'

laricinus 193

lateralis 177,303
later it ins 268,

269

latus 231

ieucocephalus

leucocephalus

iSS

ligatus
lignorum
limacinus
lirnacinus
2 1 2
Listeri
littoreus
livido-purpu-
reus 261

livido-rubes-
cens 175

livido- rubes -

*75

1S8, 231
221

234

271

marginatus

>9

luteo-albus 281
luteo-fuscus 226
luteus ■ x95

lute us 233

litteolus 1 50

luxurians 262
lycopcrnoides

228

lycopcrnoides 229
macer 256

m acid at us 186
mummosus 234

O r r

158

3° 3

182
289

meleagris 275

me Ileus ■ 123, 19 1,
164, 165
melleus
membranaceus

162

membranaceus 257
micaceus * 281
minutulus 233

mollis
mollis

momentaneus

294
morns
mouceron
mucosus
multiformis
muscarius
mus cige nus
mutabilis
mutabilis
my odes
necator
nemoralis
ni gripes
292

255

12 9

1

199

188

184

*53

285

292

185

178

239i

233>

123',

nitens
niveus
niveus
nobilis
nodosus
nuceus
nudus
nudus
obesus
oblectus
obscurus
192

obsolescens

obsoletus

cbsoletus

156:

299:

2 35

218

2gc.

283

205

208'

*0;
2 8 7i‘

165,

191

20 L
20

/

INDEX to VOL. IV.

i i a

Agaricus

Agaricus

\ '

Agaricus

ochraceus

277

pseudo-andro-

rubeolarius

237

ochraceus

197

saceus

154

ruber

l95

ochroleucus

179

pseudo-auran

ruber

210

octogonus

247

tiacus

185

rubescens

167

odorus

166

pseudo-clypeatus

rubiatus

284

oedematopus

2I3

280

rubiginosus

258

olivaceus

216

pseudo-mouceron

rufo-candidus 294

opacus

,83

221

ruius

209

orcades

221

psittacinus

264

rufsula

J95

orichalceus

203

pull at us

295

rutilus

180

ostreatus

3°°

pulverulentus

257

saccharatus

273

ovalis

244

pulvinatus

224

sanguineus

161

ovatus

293

pumilus

282

scaber

187

ovoides-albus

218

puniceus

196

scariosus

266

pallidus 123,

179

purpurasccns 245

semi-globatus270

palmatus

3° 2

purpureus

246

seini-lunatus

2r7

papilionaceus

297

pustulatus

186

semi-ovatus

296

parasiticus

201

pyramidatus

247

semi-pet iolatus^o 3

partitas

247

q uercin us

3°7

senceus

209

parvus

237

quinquepartitus

serosus

167

pectinatus

3°9

198

selsil is

299

peronatus

212

radiatus

294

sordido-navus

pileslarius

158

radicatus

2 20

l97

pilosus

169

ramealis

154

sordidus

200

piluliformis

278

ramealis

154

spadiceus

269

piperatus

172

romoso-radica

-

spadiceo-griseus

piperatus

*59

tus

2 I I

288

pistillaris

*57

reniformis

3°4

splendens

220

planus

3°2

repandus

290

spongiosus

200

pli cat ilis

281

resupinatus

3°4

squamosus

2 1 2

plicatilis

297

reticulatus

289

squamosus

267

pli cat us

298

rheoides

213

stercorarius

274

plumosus

188

rhomboideus

298

stercorarius

294

plumbeus

244

rimosus

203

stipitis

191

politus

208

rigidus

213

striatus 280,

293

pomposus

269

risigallinus

1 57

stypticus

3°4

porcellaneus

287

rosellus

170

sub-casruleus

245

porosus ru -

roseus

J95

subcarneus

236

be?is

3°9

roseus

258

subcarneus

266

pratensis

221

rubecundus

259

suberosus

298

prcealtus

I23

rubellus

259

sub-purpuras-

primula

238

rubens

229

cens

203

procerus

271

rubens

229

sulcatus

232

Vol.iv,— 2n

iNDEX to VOL. 1V\

Agaricus
tcncllus
tenuis
tener
tenet'
terreus
testaceus
theiogale
tigrinus
titubang
tomeniosus
tomninosus
tortilis
trilobus
tristis 154,
truncatus
truncorum
tubaeformis

Agaricus

o

viridis
viridulus
viscid us
viscidus
volvaceus
volvaceus
vulneratus
vulpinus

xerampelinus 214
xerampelinus 2 1 6
xy lopes 284
xylophilus 250
zonarius 193
343 Arc el 34

196 Auricularia 341

401

275

249

28

187

176

210

158

286

281

J73

208

227

Boletus

198 elephant! nus 317
flavus 320

fomentarius 333

260

180

196

2 51
286

3°3

25r

296

177

cortical is 342

ferruginca 342

tuberosus

219

nicotiana

■342

turbinatus

'279

papyrina

34 2

umbelliferus

147

phylacteris

343

umbilicatus

*55

reflexa

343

umbilicatus

2 38

tremelloides

344

umbonatus

162

'

umbraculum

161 TJoletus

3°9

umbratus

201 JL) abietinus

33°

unicolor

205

albidus

32 1

vaceinus

199

albus

326

varius 207

> 255

aurantiacus

312

varius

240

auriformis

344

velatus

163

betulinus

322

velatus

163

bovinus

312

velutipes

292

calceolus

324

velutipes

2 33

chrysenteron 319

vernal is

218

cinnamomeus

3*5

verrucosus

r

CO

>-H

coriaceus 31 4, 331

218

cristatus

323

versicolor

166

cryptarum

323

villosus

169

cuticularis

• 32b

violaceus

207

evanescens

310

virgineus

*55>

discoideus

32?

o

O

frondosus 322

gregarius 318

hepaticus 309
hispidus 330
igniarius . 333

labyrinthifor-
mis

laciniatus
lactifluus
lacrymans
lateralis
leptocephalus 31 1
lucidus 322

lufeus 318

medulla-panis325
nigripes 316
nummularius 316
obliquus 309, 322

29
329

02 O

327

324

3

18

3° 9

3*4

3i6

3,x

326

323
3*5
321

297 .
viridarius

elegans

3*7

324

olivaceus
pellucidus
perennis
piperatus
polyporus
proteiis
rangiferinus
rubeolarius
rugosus
salicinus 326

sanguineus 3 19

spongiosus 327

squamosus 323

suaveolens 326

suberosus 325

suberosus 327

subfuscus 310

subsquamosus 314
substrictus 320

subtomentosus

oK

O1 .1

257

INDEX to VOL. IV

Boletus

Clavaria

Conferva

sulphureus

33 1

coriacea

368

equisetifolia

133

tenax

33 1

cornea

36^

faeniculacea

13°

unicolor

329

cuprefsifonnis37o

fluviatilis

*34

velutinus

331

dieitata

-68

fontinalis

1 28

versicolor

328

elegans

365

fucicola

1 26

villosus

33 2

elveloides

364

fucoides

J41

Bunt,

38°

epiphylla

36°

fulva

140

Byssus

*43

farinosa

366

furcata

1 28

aeruginosa

M3

fastigiata

367

fuse a

141

antiquitath

3

fimbriata

365

gelatinosa

*34

a urea

144

gy rails

360

geniculata

136

barbata

*45

lierculanea

362

glomerata

140

botryoides

4

Hypoxylon

369

imbricata

*33

candelarius

3

laciniata

366

intertexta

132

Candida

J45

militaris

361

littoral i s

1 3°

cryptarum

146

muscoides

368

multifida

*32

Flos-aquas

*43

ophioglofsoides 365

nigra

*3*

fulva

144

parasitica

361

nigrescens

141

incana

2

phacorhiza

36°

nodulosa

138

y oil thus

3

pistillarisy>62

>363

nodulosa

138

lactea

2

364

parasitica

142

nigra

144

S path u la .

36°

pel lucid a

*39

phospliorea

*43

tub ercu lata

364

pennata

142

purpurea

144

vermicidaris

363

conferva plica-

rubra

144

vermiculata

363

ta

I3°

saxatilis

3

364

plumosa

142

septica

146 Conferva

I 27
»

polymorpha

138

velutina

144

aegragropila

142

purpurascens

'3s

Cl at hr us a ter

399

aeruginosa

13I

reticulata

132

cinereus

399

albida

I3I

rigid a

1 3°

denudatus

397

amphibia

129 .

rivu laris

127

Jlavus

398

atra

*34

rubra

i38

fulvus

397

bullosa

129

rupestris

140

nudus

396

canalicularis

129

scoparia

*3*

re cut it us

399

cancellata

I3I

sericea

140

sphtfrocephalus^gg

capillaris

*35

setacra

*37

virescens

39“

ciliata

*37

spongiosa

*32

coccinea

141

tetragona

405

/^Ilavaria

360

confragosa

128

tomentosa

1 3°

V-> aculei forms o 65

coral lina

136

tubulosa

137

anthocephala

3 66

diaphana

'39

lubulosa

*37

bifur c a

363

dichotonia

129

vagabunda

139

capitata

360

el on gat a

*37

verticillata

I33

coralloides

36<>

t longata

138

vilLosa

141

INDEX to VOL. IV.

Conjuror of Chal- Fucus
graves Fern
Cork
Corker
Crow-silk
Cyathus-minui
bills
bullesh
Dulse I C
Elvella c ary op
lea

cornucopia
punctata
purpurea
Endocarpon p
lum

F ucus

F

I ST U LINA

glofsoides
. hepatica
pectinata
Frog-cheese 380.
Fucus
aeuleatus
alatus
albidus
amphibius
angustifolius
articulatus
asparagoides
bifid 11s
bifurcatus
bulb os ns
capillaris
cartilagdneus
cartilaginous
cau dot us
canaliculatus
canaliculatus
cernnoides
her amides

384

ciliatus 102,

103

lanosus

1 16

34

coccineus

“9

ligulatus

IOI

34

concatenatus

89

ligulatus

104

127

confercoides

U4

linearis

93

358

confervoides

1 16

lorcus

96

I23

corneus

iiy

lumbricalis

1 1 1

I23

crispus

10 6

lycopodioides 107

120

l-

cri status
dasypbyllus

109

V-/

1 1 2

membranaceus 93
membranifo-

1 54

dentatus

102

lius

106

J52

diffusus

1 1 2

multifidus

107

152

digitatus

98

muse aides

JI3

82

distich us

93

11 at an s

86

7-

divaricatus

84

nereideus

1 17

52

edulis

101

nodicaulis

1 1 1

ricta

endiviaefolius

103

nodosus

84

404

*

esculentus

93

obtusus

119

excisus

100

pvalis

112

s°8

famiculaceus

87

ovatus

M3

fasti giatus

1 10

- $

palmatus

123

3°9

fastigiatus 1 ic

>,iii

palmetta

106

3°8

fibrosus

87

pedunculatus

120

3°9

hlicinus

1 18

phyllitis

100

► 357

filiformis

108

pinnatifidus

106

83

fliformis

93

pinnatifidus

107

n3

ft lum

108

pinnatus

118

95

fimbriatus

105

plicatus

04

1 18

jlagelliformis

11 5

plocomium

120

1 16

fur cell at us

1 1 1

plumosus

120

92

gigartinus

in

polyschides

97

0°

her Lace us

102

prolifer

105

1 1 7

holosetaceus

104

pumilus

100

i°3

holosetaceus

105

pupurascens

IX3

109

Hypoglofsum

95

pusillus

100

98

in cun' us

05

pygmseus

100

115

inflatus

»5

repens

91

1 19

kaliformis

89

re pens

91

120

Kaligenic,&c. 109

rotundus

110

JI3

laceratus

102

rubens

94

99

lace r us

I06

saccharinus

96

99

laciniatus

102

saccharinus

101

99

laciniatus

IO3

sanguineus

94

106

lanceolatus

i

104

scorpio ides

116

I

9

INDEX to VOL. IV

Fucus

Helvella

Lichen

scoticus t &c.

IOI

gelatin osa

339

barbatus

49

sericeus

ll7

inembranacea

1 53

betulinus

5

serratus

9i

me sent erica

344

botryoides

3

setaceus

86

mitra

338

Burgei'sii

57

siliculosus

88

nana

33s

byfsinus

25

siliquosus

88

plana

34i

byfsoides

378

spiralis

92

Relhani

340

cseruleo-nigric-

stellatus

99

rctirnga

J53

ans 10

» 3® 9

subfuscus

115

rubiginosa

342

ceerulescens

60

tamariscifolius 86

sarcoides

82

ceesius

20

tenuilsimus

117

vtllosa

344

cal care us

6

Thrix

n6

Horned Mofs

42

calicaris

5i

tuberculatas 1 09
variabilis 1 16
vermicularis 1 13

'verrucosus
verticillatus
v erticillatus
vesiculosus
volubilis
punctatus
Fungus magnus
viridis
Green sloke
Hazle crottles
Hazle rag

1*5

90

9r

84

97

405

T99

.YDNUM 334

auriscalpium 334
Barba- Jo vis 337
coral loides 334

crispum
Daviesii
diaphanum
erinaceus
flori forme
imbricatum
minimum
repandum

23 Hy poxy Ion Fhecni-

336

337
337
337
335

335
337

336

55

55

ceurn

H

338

344

34i

ELVELLA
acaulis
aeruginosa
agariciformis 338
aurea 340

cartilaginea 339
caryophylleea 154,

339

clavata

coccinea
crlspa
dimidiata
fibuliformis
flori form is
fuliginosa

L

34°

349

339
*53

340

339

341

ICHEN
albus
alcicornis
amphibius
ampullaceus
anthracinus
antiquitatis
aphthosus
aquaticus
aqualicus
articulatus
ater

at ro- albus
atro-cinereus
atro-virens
aurantiacus

39°

1

2

36

66

61

63

3

70

67

67

48

18

5

J9
J3
J5

calvus
candelarius
candicans
candidus
canescens
canescens
can in us
caninus
canus
caperatus
carnosus

14

27

J7

10

cartilaginous

p

centrifugus

9

10

69
69, 70

10

'5*

33
29

32

cerinus 24

chalybeiformis 47
ciliaris
ciliatus
cinerascens
cinereus
cocciferus
cocci neus
cochleatus
compositus
conccntricus
concolor
con fl uens
corallinus
corneus
corniculatus
cornucopioides4o
cornutus 39

55

38

2

39

1 6

74

*3

18

62

8

16

20

43

INDEX to VOL. IV.

I

Lichen Lichen

crafstis

29

fraxineus

56

crenulariuS

22

frigidus

22

crenulatus

*7

frustulosus

*9

crispus

76

fuciformis

51

cristatus

75

fucoides

67

crocatus

52

fulvus

33

croceus

68

fuiiginosus

7°

cupularis

22

fungiformis

i4

decipiens

26

fu real us

45

deformis

38

furfuraceus

56

deustus

63

fusco-ater

H

Dicksom

26

fusco-luteus

24

diffusus

32

fuscus

28

digital us

39

gelasinatus

8

Dillenii

63

geiidus

16

>

elveloides

15

gelidus

26

endivifolius

60

geographicus

12

Endocarpon

52

gibbosus

20

*

ericetorum

14

glaucus

53

exanthematicus 2 2

globifer

4J

excavatus

19

globiferus

40

exilis

47

glomuliferus

57

fagineus

4

gracilis

37

fahlunensis

3°

graniformis

7

fallax:

53

granulatus

73

farinaceus

5°

heel ce

26

fascicularis

76

herb ace us

58

jerruginosus

I r

L)

hirtus

46

hliformis

38

hispidus

43

fimbriatus

37

horizontalis

72

fiavescens

25

Hypnorum

22

V #

flavicans

25

Jacquini

6 2

flavo-rubescensi5

icmadophila

15

flavo-virescens 1 2

immersus

6

flavus

3

incanus

2

floridus

5°

incanus

10

fluviatilis

67

Jolithus

3

see aquations

•

islandicus

43

jluvlatills

67

islandicus

54

duviatilis

77

jubatus

46

foliaceus

35

laciniatus

58

jpoliaceus

36

laciniosus

_ 1

58

fragilis

4i

liicteus

5

lacustris

21

laete-virens

58

lanatus

47

lentigerus

27

leucophxus

28

luridus

28

luteus

25

marginal is

34

marmoreus

22

melanostictos

18;

membranaceus 6 1

miniatus

65

luiniatus

66

multifidus

28

muralis

29 )

muscicola

46 i

rRuscorum

7

nicer

ICM

nigrescens

7 4 r

nivalis

60

obscurus

28

ochroleucus

46'

oculatus

7

Oederi

I I

olivaceus

35 >

omphalodes

341

pallescens

211

i

pallescms

29)

pallidus

211

pal mat us

74 i

Papillaria

45>

Parellus

ll

parietinus

34t

paschalis

441

perlatus

68

pertusus

15:

pertusus

l9

pezizoides

2 if

physodes

32^

pilularis

7

Pinastri

511

plicatus

5°-

plumbeus

60

polydactylos

69

INDEX to VOL. IV.

Lichen

Lichen

Lichen

polyphyllus

65

scutatus

71

vulpinus

49

polyrhizos

64

sepincola

73

Liverwort ground

polyrhizos

63

siliquosus

40

6 9

proboscideus

65

simplex

5

Lungwort

55

pruinatus

20

sinuatus

75

Lycoperdon

373

prunastri

52

sphaeroides

15

Anemones

384

prunastri

53

spinosus

45

ardosiaceum

3 83

psora

26

squajnatus

3°

aurantiacum

379

pubescens

48

stellar if or mis

31

bovista 380, 38 1,

puli car is 23,

395

stellaris

3{

38 2

pullus

28

stellatus

2 6

Carpobolus

377

pullus

62

sty gius

3°

cetwinum

372

pulmonarius

54

subfuscus

21

cinereum

3^4

punctatus

19

subimbricatus

18

coliforme

373

pustulatus

64

submar ginalis

76

cylindricum 376

pyxidatus

36

subulatus

42

defofsum

382

quadricolor

24

subuliformis

41

epidendrum

384

quercifolius

58

sulphureus

12

epiphyllum

383>

querneus

1 1

sylvaticus

71

400

radiatus

3s

tartareus

23

equinum

378

radiatus

43

tenellus

5 6

fiori forme

376

rangiferinus

41

tenuifsimus

61

fomicatum

375

resupinatus

71

tiliaceus

31

fragile

385

rimosus

25

torrefactus

62

fraxineum

393

roccella

42

trapeziformis

52

fuscum

386

rufescens

70

Tremella

72

gibbosum

37 1

rufus

i

14

tricolor

23

globosum

382

rufus

70

tristis

43

gofsypinum

3%

see rufescens

•

tuberculatus

36

gofsypinum

37s

rugosus

4

tubiformis

39

hydrophorum 378

rupestris

76

uncialis

44

innatum

383

rupicola

J3

upsaliensis

24

luteum

400

saccatus

67

varians

18

nigrum

395

sanguinarius

6

velleus

64

parasiticum

379

sarcoides

82

venosus

69

pedunculatum

saturninus

60

ventosus

16

379

saxatilis

33

ventricosus

38

phalloides

376

scopulorum

57

vermicellaris

4i

pisi forme

383

scopulorum

67

vermicularis

4i

proteus

380

scriptus 4,

395

vernalis

14

recolligens

375

scriptus

23

verrucarius

59

rufum

397

scrobiculatus

59

verrucosus 16,

59

spadiceum

372

scruposus

*9

vespertilio

75

stellatum

374

INDEX to VOL. IV.

Lycoperdon

Mucor

Peziza

varioloswn

384>

Lichenoides

399

fulva

353

39 2

lignifragus

402

fusca

352

verrucosum

379

Lycogala

386

hepatica

353

vesparium

400

Mucedo

400

hispida

354

roridus

401

hydrophora

378

:',RULIUS

147

septicus s

387

inflexa

349

JLVJLandrosaceus 148

sphec rocephal u s 3 9 9

lanuginosa

354

buccinaiis “

i49

urceolatus

401

lentifera

356

Can tharel lus

149 Mushroom , com -

margin ata

35i

caryophyll3eusi53

mon

23°

minuta

354

collariatus

148

•

miniitula

347

corn ucopoides 1 5 1

T^Tidularia

55s

nivea

344

fsetidus

*5*

campanulata

ochroleuca

349

fuse 11s

149

356

pineti

352

infundibuli-

dentata

357

polymorpha

356

formis

152

laevis

357

punicea

353

membranaceusi 53

minuta

358

punctata

345

muscigenus

*53

striata

357

radicata

346

purpureus

152 Oystergreen

I23

scutellata

353

squamula

J5*

spadicea

347

tubaeformis

1 5 0

JDAtellaria vesicu -

stercoraria

352

umbel life rus

147

1 laris

10

stipitata

34^

undid at us

152

Peziza

344

truncata

345

Mucor

400

acetabulum

346

tuba

349

aquosus

400

albida

35°

tuba

*5*

argenteus

4°3

atra

356

tuberosa

346

aurantiacus

402

auricula

35 1

undulata

347

botrytis

402

cier idea

355

vesiculosa

354

cancellatus

399

calyciformis

345

violacea

355

carnosus

385

calyculus

35°

viridis

355

case us

402

cere a

354

Phallus

358

cespi'tosus

401

chrysocoma

352

caninus

359

chrysospermus

cinerea 78, 355

esculentus

358

402

citrina

347

impudicus

35 s

crustaceus

401

coccinea

348 Platisma aqua -

Embolus

401

coccinea

349

ticum

67

Erysiphe

4°3

cochleata

35 1

Puckfit 380, 362

ferrugineus

4°3

cornucopioides 152

fulvus

397

cupularis

347

TJ ETICU LARIA

furfur aceus

398

cuticulosa

35°

■

3s5

glaucus

400

cyathoides

349

alba

388

granulosus

403

epidendra

348

carnosa

385

Jeprosus

403

fructigena

35°

hemispherica

3S5

INDEX to VOL. IV.

Reticularia Sphaeria Tremella

hydnioides

387

stigma

395

utriculata

81

Lycoperdon

386

sulcata

395

verrucosa

8x

ovata

387

sulcata

23

vioiacea

82

hortensis

387

tomentosa

39°

T R I C H I A

396

segetum

388

Tremelioides

539*

alba

398

septica

387

tuberculosa

393

denudata

39 6

sinuosa

•386

viridis

39°

flava

398

Scotch bonnets

I23

Spheerocarpus

fra gi form is

399

Sea girdles

98

alb us

39s

fulva

397

Sea hangers

98

capsulifer

3S9

' furfuracca

398

Sea laces

.

108

for if or mis

376

fusco-ater

400

1 Sea Thongs

9 6

frdgiformis

400

globulifera

399

‘

globuliferus

399

Lichenoides

399

O PHjERIA

388

pyriform is

398

minuta

358

O acuta

393

sefsilis

400

nuda

396

> aggregata

394

T richoides

397

nutans

39s

Bombardica

395 Star -slough

So

olivacea

398

brafsicae

396 Tree-Mofs

5°

pyriformis

398

by fs ace a

395

■ -

%

recutita

399

concentrica .

393

'''Tj'^REMELLA

77

rufa

397

coronata

394

JL adnata

78

turbinata

400

corticalis

394

albida ~

77

Trubs

37X

deprefsa

394

allii

77 Truffles

37 1

entomorhiza q8q

amethystea

82 Tuber

37 1

fragifonnis

391

arborea

7s

album

37 r

fraxinea

393

auricula

35 x.

cervinum

37 1

glauca

389

cinerea

77

ci barium

37 1

gregaria

39 1

cinnabarina

79

radicatum

372

lycoperdoides

corrugata

344

solid uni

372

392.

crispa

81

%

1

mammiformis

392

deliquescens

79

TTlva.

120

mammosa

392

dilTormis

82

\^J articulata

91

maxima

392

fusca

78

comprefsa

126

miniata

39 1

granulata

80

corfervoides

*37

mori

39 1

hemisphaerica

81

cornuta

I23

nigra

394

junipernia 79, 80

crispa

81

nitida

393

lichenoides

72

defracta

124

nivea

39°

mesenterica

79

diaphana

121

obducta

39°

Nostoc

80

dichotoma

124

ricciodea

392

purpurea

39 1

elminthoides

125

rugosa

39 2

Sabinae

79

filiform is

126

sanguinea

39°

sarcoides

78

fistulosa

I25

scripta

395

turbinata

35^

fiavescem

121

VQk«IV,-~-2 E

/

INDEX to VOL. IV.

Ulva

UJva

Ulva

fusca

122

Linza

122

ramosa

109

incrafsata

124

montan a

122

rubens

12 6

intestinalis

I25

palmata

123

rubra

126

laciniata

122

pavonia

121

umbilicalis

I 21

Lactuca

I23

pisiformis

120

verticillata

I27

lactuca

81

plumosa

126

lanceolata

122

pruniformis

120

TA '/Itches Butter 78

latifsima

122

purpurascens

126

»

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375

PLATE.

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22

23

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25

26

27

28

VOL. III.

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VOL. IV.

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18 ,

31

90

116

128

129

*37

141

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149

187

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PRICE 15s.

A BOTANIC MICROSCOPE, particularly adapted
to the examination and difsection of small flowers, and
other, the minuter parts of plants. It may also be used
advantageously for the inspection of Insects, Minerals,
Chrystallizations, &c.

ALSO, LATELY PUBLISHED ,

An ACCOUNT of the SCARLET FEVER and
SORE THROAT, with remarks on the nature and cure
of the Ulcerated Sore Throat. The Second Edition . Price
two shillings.

1 ■ ,

By WILLIAM WITHERING, M.D. F.R.S.

ALSO ,

An ACCOUNT of the FOXGLOVE, and some of
its Medical Uses.

AND

BERGMAN’s OUTLINES of MINERALOGY,
with Notes.

LIKEWISE ,

NEREIS BRITANNICA; or a Botanical Description
of the British Marine Plants, accompanied with Drawings
from Nature. No. 1 .by John Stackhouse, Esq. F.L.S.
Printed by J. Hazard, Bath, and sold by Mefs. White’s,
Fleet-street.

N. B. The 2d Number, containing 20 or more Species of
Fuci is in forwardnefs, and will be published next winter, or early
in the following spring.

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