Sir Richard Owen

K.C.B., F.R.S.

Slieen lodge, Richmond pk.
East Sheen, S.W.

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♦

NORTHREPPS HALL,
NORWICH.

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DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

r

s.

A LIST

OF THE

DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY,

WITH

REFERENCES AND ANNOTATIONS;

• J> ■

ALSO

A RECORD OF SPECIMENS

PRESERVED IN THE

NORFOLK AND NORWICH MUSEUM.

BY

JOHN HENRY GURNEY.

LONDON :

JOHN VAN VOORST, 1 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.

JIDCCCLXXXIV.

frSS!

t

FLAM MAS!.

ALKHE

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
ItED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

WELLCOVr IN STiTUTE

UBPA^y

Coll.

weiVIOmec

Cal!

No.

G3C

PREFACE.

In concluding, in the ‘ Ibis'* for 1882, p. 598, my Notes on
Mr. Sharpens ‘ Catalogue of the Diurnal Birds of Prey in the
British Museum/ I mentioned my intention of supple-
menting them hy a tabular index for the convenience of
future reference; it subsequently occurred to me that it
might be useful to combine with this index a list of the
several species and subspecies of Diurnal Birds of Prey, so
far as I am acquainted with them, and to add references to a
few of the works in which they have been figured, described,
or otherwise noticed. This enlargement of my original
intention and consequent increase of bulk has necessitated
the publication of the following pages in a separate form
rather than, as was originally proposed, in a number of the
f Ibis/ I have thought it convenient to arrange my matter
in columns, of which the first contains the list of species or
subspecies1 and also the references to Mr. Sharpe’s Cata-
logue; the second column refers to my Notes on that work,
and to some other Notes which I have contributed to the
pages ot the ‘Ibis’; the third comprises miscellaneous

1 riiose species and subspeeies which I have not personally examined
are marked with an asterisk, and those as to the validity of which 1 feel
some doubt with a note of interrogation.

VI

PREFACE.

references to some of tlie works in which the several species
are mentioned or described, and especially to those which
contain information likely to prove useful to the ornitho-

logical student as to the habits of the birds and their geogra-
phical distribution, but for the most part excluding articles
already referred to in my Notes. I have also given, where
possible, references to at least one figure of each species. In
the fourth column I have recorded the number of specimens
of each species preserved in the Norwich Museum, in the
hope of drawing attention not only to the interesting
collection which there exists, hut also to its desiderata, and
of facilitating the acquisition of these, which I am anxious
to promote, both as regards the collection of Diurnal Rap-
tores and also of the Strigidm, in which group the Norwich
Museum is already almost equally rich.

Since my Notes on Mr. Sharpe's volume were published
in the ‘ Ibis/ I have seen occasion to modify my views as
regards a few species, and have obtained additional infor-
mation as to some others; and these results I have added to
my present list in the form of footnotes, or, when too lengthy
to be so introduced, in the shape of Appendices.

For the sake of convenience, I dul not deviate much in my
Notes from the arrangement adopted by Mr. Sharpe ; but m
the present list I have consulted my own views as to the
most natural or, perhaps I should rather say, the least
unnatural arrangement which I could adopt.

Every individual species being the centre of a group of
approximate forms which resemble it in various degrees, it
is obvious that a serial arrangement can only record with
precision the connection of each genus and of each species
with two of the forms which are thus grouped around it,
and is therefore so far imperfect- that it must of necessity
disregard other natural connections, the existence of which

PREFACE.

YU

cannot be satisfactorily indicated by any method of con-
secutive linear arrangement ; in any such system this imper-
fection seems to me to be unavoidable, but on that account
it is the more important, in selecting from amongst various
allied forms the two which shall serve as connecting links
between any given genus or species and the portions of the
series immediately preceding and succeeding it, to take into
consideration every description of characteristic peculiarity,
whether external or internal, and thus to secure a nearer
approach to a natural sequence than could result from any
arrangement based on one class of characters only, to the
exclusion, more or less complete, of all others.

I am well aware that the method which I have here indi-
cated is but imperfectly carried out in the following pages ;
but I have endeavoured to keep it in view to the best of my
ability, and in doing so I have not always thought it desir-
able to place at the head of each subfamily that which may
be considered as the typical genus, nor at the head of each
genus the typical species, but rather to place in these
positions the genus or the species which appears to me to
approach the most nearly to that which immediately pre-
cedes it.

I may here mention a few matters which have come under
my notice since my list of species was placed in the hands of
the printers, one of these being that I have recently had
an opportunity of examining the plates of Raptorial birds
appended to Dr. Menzbier's ‘ Ornithological Geography of
Russia/ and also his pamphlet (in French) on the f Orni-
thology of the Governments of Moscow and Toula/ the
latter having been kindly presented to me by the author. I
confess that 1 am sceptical as to the validity of some newlv-
described species and subspecies of Birds of Prey referred to
in these works but I have no definite information to offer on

Till

PREFACE.

the subject beyond that which will he found in the f Ibis'
for 1883, p. 104, and in the f Journal fur Ornithologie'
for 1883, pp. 410, 412, and 413, except that I have lately
seen an adult pair of Falcons which were sent from Trans-
Caucasia under the name of “ Falco peregriniis leucogenys,”
one of the supposed subspecies figured in Dr. Menzbier's
volume, and that these Falcons appeared to me to be absolutely
identical with the paler specimens of Falco peregriniis which
occur, not unfrequently, in Great Britain and in Western
Europe; the male bird of this pair has been added to the
collection in the Norwich Museum.

I have recently become acquainted with an additional fact
relating to the geographical distribution of Tinnunculus
neglectus, which I think it desirable here to record.

Through the kindness of Count T. Salvadori, I have been
enabled to examine two Kestrels obtained in Sclioa by the
late Marquis Antinori ; and after carefully comparing them
with specimens of Tinnunculus neglectus in the British and
Norwich Museums, I have come to the conclusion that they
are referable to this subspecies, which is thus proved not to
he exclusively insular.

Both specimens are marked as females by the collector,
hut, judging from the characters of their plumage, I believe
that they are both immature males. I made the following
memorandum of their measurements : —

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. u.

in.

in.

in.

From Mahal

9-0

1-50

1-20

From Arafia

940

1-50

1-20

I regret to find that, as regards five species included in
my list, an accidental error has occurred in enumerating the
specimens in the Norwich Museum; the following are the

PREFACE.

IX

species referred to, with the correct number of the specimens

of each : —

Accipiter virgatus

. . 17 specimens.

Accipiter nisoides . .

• • 21

Baza reinwardti .

•N

CO

rH

Falco peregrinus .

. . 53

Valeo biarmicus . . .

• • 17

In addition to this correction I

have to record several new

specimens which have been acquired by the Norwich Museum

whilst the following pages were

passing through the press,

viz. : —

1 Scelospizias toussenelii

2 specimens.

Aquila rap ax .

1 specimen.

Buteo brachypterus .

. . 1

1 These specimens consist of an adult female and of a young bird,
which I believe to be a male of the same species. The following are
their principal measurements, to which I have added, for comparison,
those of an adult male which Capt. Shelley has kindly permitted me to

take from a specimen in his collection

Wing.

Tarsus. “iddle

toe s. u.

in.

in. in.

c? immature 7-20

2-30 1-10

c? adult 7-80

2T0 1-20

$ adult 8-50

2-30 1-30

So far as I am aware the immature plumage of Scelospizias toussenelii
lias not been described ; and I therefore add the following particulars of
the coloration of the young male above referred to : — the entire upper
surface is blackish brown, except that some feathers, especially those on
the lesser wing-coverts, are very slightly edged with dull rufous-brown ;
on the tail are three cross bars nearly black, and darker than the other
portions of the tail-feathers; the under surface is white, with a slight
tinge of fulvous on the breast and abdomen ; there is no chin-stripe, but a
few spots of blackish brown are scattered over the upper breast; five
broad bands of the same hue extend across the flanks to the sides of the
lower breast ; the under wing-coverts, tibiae, and crissum are an imma-
culate white, slightly tinged with fulvous.

X

TEEFACE.

Haliastur girrenera . .

Milvus melanotis
Gypoictinia melanosternon
Machceramphus alcinvs
Tinnunculus sparverius
Tinnunculus caribbcearum
Hypotriorchis Severus . .

1 jEsalon columbarius . .

Panclion haliaetus .
Pandion leucocephalas .

1 specimen.

4 specimens.

1 specimen.

1

2 specimens.
4

1 specimen.

1

2 specimens.
1 specimen.

Allowing for the above-mentioned corrections, the Norwich
Museum contains 385 species and subspecies of Diurnal
Birds of Prey, represented by 2895 specimens; to which I
may add that the collection of Owls there preserved consists
of 171 species and subspecies, represented by 1009 speci-
mens.

1 This specimen is from the West-Indian island of St. Thomas, a loca-
lity which 1 believe has not been previously recorded for this species; it
was presented to the Museum, together with four examples of Tinnunculus
caribbaarum, by Mr. Edwftrd Newton.

May 1884.

ERRATA .

XI

E RE AT A.

P. 26. Melierax canorus. Column 2 : refer to note 3, not
to note 2.

P. 77. Harpyhaliaetus coronatus. Column 1 : refer to
note 9, not to note 5.

P. 93. Microhierax sinensis. Column 1 : add an asterisk.

P. 94. Column 1 : for DISSODACTES read DISSODECTES.

P. 102. Hypotriorchis religiosus. Column 1 : refer to
note 3, not to note 2.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Jill

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

The following Table of Contents exhibits a condensed view,
not extending beyond subgenera, of the arrangement which
I have here adopted 1 : —

Page

Page

Family 1.

Subgenus A.

SERPENTARIID.2E

1

Lophogyps

6

Genus.

2. Otogyps

6

1.

Seepentabius

1

3. Gyps

7

4. Pseudogyps

9

Family 2.

5. Neophron

9

CATHARTID.ZE . . .

2

Family 4.

Genera.

FALCONIDiE

10

1.

Sabcoramphus

2

2.

Gyparchus

3

Subfamily 1.

3.

PsEUDOGRYPHDS . . . .

3

GYPAETINiE . . . .

10

4.

Ruin ogbyphtts

4

Genus.

5.

Cathaeista

5

1. Gypaetus

10

Family 3.

Subfamily 2.

VULTURIDiE

5

GYPOHIERACINvE

11

Genera.

Genus.

1.

Vultur

5

1. Gypohieeax

11

1 An alphabetical index of species will be found at the end of the
volume.

XIV

TABLE OF CONTEXTS.

Page

Subfamily 3.

POLYBORIM .... 11

Genera.

1. Polyborus 11

2. Senex 12

3. Phalcobjenus 12

4. Milvago 13

5. Daptrius 13

6. Ibycter 1-1

Subfamily 4.

CIRCAETIM .... 14

Genera.

1 . Herpetotheres 14

2. Circaetus 14

3. Smlornis 16

4. Dryotriorchis 1"

5. Eutriorchis 1 1

0. IIelotarsus 13

Subfamily 5.

GYMNOGENYM.. 18

Genus.

1. PoLYBOROIDES 18

Page

6. Astur 28

7. Lophospizias 29

8. Nisoides 29

9. Scelospizias 30

10. Erytrrospizias .... 32

11. Tachyspizias 32

12. Leucospizias 33

13. Urospizias 33

14. Accipiter 38

Subgenus A.

CoOPERASTUR .... 43

15. Erythrotriorchis . . 45

1G. Megatriorchis .... 45

Subfamily 8.

TH R AS AETIN M . . 45

Genora.

1. Morphnus 45

2. Harpyopsis 4G

3. Thrasaetus 4G

Subfamily 9.

AQUILIM 46

Subfamily 6.

CIRC IN JE

. 19

Genus.

1. Circus

. 19

Subfamily 7 .

accipitrin^e . .

. 24

Genera.

1. Micrastur

. 24

2. Geranospizias ....

25

3. Urotriorchis ....

. 26

4. Melierax

. 26

5. Asturtnula

. 27

Genera.

1.

SpizaEtus

. 46

2.

LimnaEtus

. 47

3.

Lophotriorchis . . .

50

4.

LophoaEtus

. 50

5.

Neopus

. 5L

6.

Spiziastur

. 51

7.

N isaetus

. 51

8.

Aquila

. 53

9.

Uroaetus

Subfamily 10.

HALIAETINjE ...

. 58

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

XV

Page

Page

Genera.

9. Rostrhamus

85

1.

TkALASSAEL'US

. 58

10. Mach.eramphus . . .

. 85

2.

HaliaEttjs

58

11. Pernis

. 86

3.

PoLIOAETUS

. 60

L2. Henicopernis

. 87

13. REGERHrNUS

. 88

Subfamily 11.

14. Leptodon

. 88

BUTEONINiE

. 60

15. Baza

. 89

Genera.

Subfamily 13.

1.

Archibtjteo

. 60

FALCONIJLE

. 91

2.

Buteo . .j

. 62

3.

Antenor

. 70

Genera.

4

Onychotes

. 71

1 JTAPPAfiTTS

91

5.

Bttteola

. 71

9 IVrTfyRnprrF.p ax

92

6.

KtrpoRNis

. 72

3. Poliohierax

. 93

7.

Butastur

. 73

94

8.

Astxjrina

. 74

5. Dissodectes

. 94

9.

Geranoaettjs ....

. 74

6. Harp a

95

10.

Letjcopternis ....

. 75

7. Hieracidea

. 96

11.

TJrtjbitinga

. 76

8. Tinnttncultjs ....

. 96

12.

Harpyhaliaetus . .

77

13.

Heterospizias ....

. 78

Subgenus A.

14.

Bttteogalltts ....

. 78

Erythropus

100

15.

BuSARELLTTS

. 78

9. Hypotriorchis ....

. 101

Subfamily 12.

1 0 . iEsALON

. 104

MILYINiE

. 79

11. Chicquera

. 105

1 2. Falco

. 105

Genera.

1.

Haliasttjr

. 79

Subgenus A.

2.

Milvus

. 80

Gennaia

. 109

Subgenus A.

Subgenus B.

Lophoictinia . .

. 81

Hierofalco ....

. . Ill

3.

Gypoictinia

. . 82

4.

Elanoides

. . 82

Family 5.

5.

Nauclerus

. . 83

PANDI0NID7E

. . 112

6.

Gampsonyx

. . 83

7.

Elanus

. . 83

Genus.

8.

ICTXNIA

. . 84

1. Pandion . . .

. . 112

LIST

OF

DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

i

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. Gr.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Family 1.

SERPENT ARIIDiE.

Genus 1.

SERPENTARIUS.

Species

1. secretarius (Scop.),
p. 45.

Le Yaillant, Ois. d’Afrique,
vol. i. p. 103 R pi. 25.
Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 237 ;
1860, p. 203.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Hus. pt'. 1, p. 8.
Huxley, P. Z. S. 1867, pp.

441, 442, & 465.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 8.

Du Bocage, Oru. d’Angola,

p. 6.

3

Skel.2

1 Le Vaillant figures this species under the name of “ Le Mangeur des Serpens;”
Mr. Ayres has applied to it the name of “ Sagittarius secretarius I have used that of
“ Serpentarius rcptilivorus" in my former Catalogue above referred to; and Professor
Huxley, as also Senhor du Bocage, applies to it the appellation of “ Gypogeranus serpen-
tarius.’’

B

2

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. voL i.

References
to J. II. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Family 2.

CATHARTIC’.

Genus 1.

SARCORHAMPHUS.

Species

l. gryphus {Linn.) ....

p. 20.

Subspecies

1875, 91

92

Humboldt et Bonpland,
Recueil d’Observations,
yoI. i. p. 26, pis. 8 & 9\
J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 37.
Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.

Zool. vol. xiii. p. 18.
Shufcldt, Contributions to
Anatomy of Birds, pi. 20

4

a. magellanicus ? ... .

{Shaw), p. 20, footnote

Species

„ 91

92
2(59
270

Shaw, Mus. Lever, vol. i
p. 1, pi. 1.

O

2. aequatorialis* ? 1 2 3 . .

Sharpe, p. 21.

„ 93

O

1 A very i nto rest nig article on the osteology of the Cathartidjn will be found in
Dr. R. W. Shufeldt’s “Contributions to the Anatomy of Birds’’ in the 12th Annual
Report of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey, p.727.

2 Here referred to the genus Vultur. .

3 I am indebted to Dr. Dubois, of the Brussels Museum, for a copy of the following
memorandum, furnished to him by Mons. E. de Ville, Belgian Consul at Quito, on the
subject of Sarcorhamphus cequatorialis : —

“ Le Sarcoramphus csquatorialis vit dans les Andes de la Republique de 1 Equateur en
mSme temps que le S. gryphus , mais il se tient toujours dans des altitudes diflerentes ;
e’est une espece parfaitement distincte et reconnue par les indigenes de la republique ;
il parait qu’il est plus petit que le gryphus et que sa couleur se rapproche de celle du

jeune de ce dernier.” . „ . ,

I cannot agree with Mr. Sharpe in referring to S. tequatorialis the Condor figured by
MM Eydoux and Souleyet (Voyage de la Bonite, Ois. pi. 2), as those naturalists con-
sidered the bird they figured to be an immature S. gryphus, and there is nothing, I
think to indicate that they were mistaken in this view. There is now (July looo) a
Peruvian Condor living in the Gardens of the Zoological Society, which has been there
since June 1877, and which is still in immature dress, unless it be, as it is labelled at
the Gardens, an example of S. tequatorialis: the absence of any comb seems to denote
that it is a female bird; but the iris instead of being garnet-coloured, as in the adult
female of S. gryphus, is dark brown, which I suspect is an indication that the bird is
not yet really adult.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

3

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. Q-.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 2.

GYPARCHTJS.

Species

1. papa (Linn.), p. 22. .

1

Edwards, N. H. of Birds,
vol. i. p. 2, pi.1
J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 35.
Sharpe, Joum. of Linn. Soc.

Zool. vol. xiii. p. 18.
Shufeldt, Contributions to
Anatomy of Birds, pis. 15
& 21.

3

Skel.l

Genus 3.

PSEUDOGRYPHUS,

p. 455.

Species

1. californianus ( Shaw
Nocld.), pp. 28, 455.

1875, 94

95

Audubon, Birds of America,
pi. 426.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. p. 39.

Taylor, Ibis, 1859, p. 469;

1860, pis. 8 & 9.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 338.
Ridgway, Bull, of Nuttall
Orn. Club, vol. v. p. 82.
Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.

Zool. vol. xiii. p. 24.
Shufeldt, Contributions to
Anatomy of Birds, pis. 16,
17, 18, & 19.

42

Skel.l

1 Here figured as “the King of the Vultures.”

3 One of these specimens is the nestling figured in the ‘Ibis’ for 1860, pi. 9. Mr.
Sharpe includes this species in the genus Rhinogryphus ; but I think it may be admitted
as generically distinct, especially as having fourteen rectrices, a peculiarity first noticed
by Audubon. Mr. Ridgway, in a recent letter, writes “this species is so nearly
extinct that we have been trying unsuccessfully for years to get additional specimens ; ”
he attributes this to the “ wholesale use of poison for the destruction of wolves, bears,
Ac.”

4

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

dumber
Df speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 4,

RHINOGRYPHUS1.

Species

1. aura (Linn.)

pp. 25, 455.

Subspecies

a. falklandicus

(Sharpe), p. 27, pi. 2.
fig. 1.

Species

2. perniger (Sharpe) .

p. 26.

3. burrovianus (Cass.)

p. 28, pi. 2. fig. 2.

1875, 93

1875, 93

„ 93

94

Audubon, Birds of America,
pi. 151.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 42 l.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 344.

Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 21.

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 9.

Shufeldt, Contributions to
Anatomy of Birds, pis. 21
& 22.

Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 24.

Sclater & Salvin, Report on
Birds of Antarctic Ame-
rica, Voyage of H.H.S
‘ Challenger,’ Zool. vol. ii
pt. 8, p. 105 2.

D’Orbigny, Voyage, Ois
p. 38, pi. 1. fig. 32.

Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 23.

Taczanowsld, P. Z. S. 1882
p. 47.

Bonyan,P.Z.S.1851,p.543

Sclater, P.Z.S. 1863, p.224

12

Skel. 1

2

2

>

. 4

1 In my Catalogue of the Raptores in the Norwich Museum, as well as by some other
authors, the genera Pseudogryphus, Bhinogryphus, and Catharista are all included
under the head of Cathartes. In Mr. Ridgway’s Notes on the American Vultures, pub-
lished subsequently to his proposal of the generic term Bhinogryphus, he gives rt as ins
opinion that the latter name must give way to the older term Cathartes ; but I am
not altogether convinced by his argument, and prefer to retain the generic name ot
Bhinogryphus.

3 Described under the title of Cathartes aura.

8 Here referred to as “ the Yellow-necked Carrion Crow."

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRFY.

5

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. II. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 5.

CATHARIST^..

Species

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 46.
Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.

Zool. vol. xiii. p. 24.
Ridgway, Bull, of Nuttall
Orn. Club, vol. v. p. 83 h

1. atrata (Bart.), p. 24.
Family 3.

VULTURIDiE.

Genus 1.

VULTUR.

Species

Audubon, Birds of America,
pi. 106 2.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 47.
Leotaud, Ois. de la Trinidad,

p.22.

Grayson, Memoirs of Boston
Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii.
p. 303.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 350.
Ridgway, Bull, of NuttaU
Orn. Club, vol. v. p. 87.
Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 19.

7

1. monachus, Linn. . .
p. 3.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 67.
Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar,

p. 28.

3

1 Mr. Ridgway, in the article here referred to, appears to prove satisfactorily that
Cathartes urubitinga of Pelzeln is identical with and a subsequent synonym of C. bur -
romanus ol Cassin ; in the other notes above cited the specific name “ urubitinga" has
been used, as also in the figure given by Mr. Sharpe.

3 Audubon refers to this species as Cathartes iota ; L6otaud as Cathartes fattens.

6

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. yoI. i.

Eeferences
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

IS

0

Miscellaneous Eeferences. i

IS

\

umber
f speci-
nens in
orwich
[useum.

VULTUR.

1. monachus ( con-

tinued).

J

]

i

. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 128.
Dresser, Birds of Europe,
yoI. v. p. 383, pi. 321.
Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.

Zool. vol. xiii. p. 2.
Prjevalsky, Rowley’s Orn.

Hisc. vol. ii. p. 139.
David et. Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 5.

Subgenus A.

LOPHOGYPS.

Species

1. occipitalis ( Burch .),
p. 15.

Hemprich and Ehrenberg,
Symbolse Physicae, Aves,
pl.141.

Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 235 ;

*1869, p. 287.

J. H. G. Cat, of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 65.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 5.
Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.

Zool. vol. xiii. p. 11.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,
p. 3.

3

Skel.l

Genus 2.

OTOGYPS.

Species

1. auricularis (Daud.t

p. 13.

.1860,171
1873, 324
1877, 257

258

Le Vaillant, Ois. d’Afrique
p. 36, pi. 9 2.

Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 235
1869, p. 287.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores ii
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 57.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 4.
Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 12.

2

Skel.l

1

1

2

Here figured as “ Vultur eulophus.”
Described by le Vaillant under the name

of “ L’Oricou.”

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

7

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.'s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Subspecies

a. nubicus ? (H. Smith),

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in

3

p. 131.

Species

2. calvns (Scop.), 14.

Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 57 \
J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 128.
Bree, Birds of Europe, 2nd
edition, vol. i. p. 1, pi.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in

2

Genus 3.

GYPS.

Species

1. fulvus ( Cfmel .), pp. 5

1875, 87

Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 56.

Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 12,
pi.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 1.

SevertzofF, Ibis, 1875, p. 99.

J. H. G. Stray Eeathers,
vol. vii. p. 170.

Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 13.

Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 364.

Davidson, Stray Eeathers,
vol. x. p. 285.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in

7

& 62.

to 89

Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 69.

Skel.l

2. kolbii ( Daud .), p. 8,

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i. p.l.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, pp. 28,
39, 101, 129, & 223.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 373, pis. 319 &
320.

Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 4.

Seebohm,BritishBirds,pt.l,
p. 4.

Andersson, Birds of Damara

1

pi. 1.

Land, p. 5.

1 United by Mr. Sharpe to 0. auricularis, as also by myself in my former Catalogue.

2 As mentioned in my Notes, I do not consider as distinct Mr. Sharpe’s subspecies

“ hispaniolensis." 1

8

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. -vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

J

0

Miscellaneous References.

IS

IV

'umber
f speci-
nens in
orwich
luseum.

GYPS.

2. kolbii ( continued ).

£

£

>harpe’s Layard, p. 1.
iharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 9.

3. fulvescens, Hume . .

p. 7.

L875, 89

90

lurne, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 5.
lume, Stray Feathers, vol.
vii. p. 322.

Davidson, Stray Feathers,
vol. x. p. 285.

1

4. himalayensis, i/ume,

p. 8.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 3.
Scvertzoff, Ibis, 1875, p. 97 .
Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
vii. p. 323.

Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.

Zool. vol. xiii. p. 8.
Pijevalsky, Rowley’s Orn.

Misc. vol. ii. p. 141.
David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 6.

2

5. indicus (Scop.), p. 10

Subspecies

a. pallescens ? , Hume

p. 11.

,

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 74.

Hume, Rough Notes, p. 21

Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 10.

Hume, Nests and Eggs o
Indian Birds, p. 6.

Rume, Stray Feathers, vol
vii. pp. 105, 325.

Davidson, Stray Feathers
vol. x. p. 285.

3

°

Species

6. tenuirostris*,//otty

p. 10 *.

Gray’s Genera, vol. i. p. £
pL 3.

Hume, Stray Feathers, vo
vii. p. 326.

’ °

•1 * *

1

StfSSE ■ ■ '• • • ““L sl“d“” bm

and head.”

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

9

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

Eeferences
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous Eeferences.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

7. rueppelli, j Bon., p. 9.

Genus 4. \

PSEUDOGYPS.

Species

1868, 138
1875, 90

RiippeU, Atlas Vogel, p. 47,
pi. 32 \

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 73.
Blanford, Geol. & Zool. of
Abyssinia, p. 285.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 3.
Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 9.

4

Skel.l

1. bengalensis (Gmel.),

P-11-

1882, 235

Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 3,
pi.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 7.
Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.

Zool. vol. xiii. p. 11.
Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 364.

2

Skel.l

2. africanus, Salv

p. 12.

Genus 5.

NEOPHRON.

Species

Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.

Zool. vol. xiii. p. 11.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,
p. 1, pi. 9.

3

1. percnopterus ....
(Linn.), p. 17.

J . H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 50.

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i. p.6.

Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar,
p. 31.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, pp. 43,
129.

Danford, Ibis, 1878, p. 2.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 391, pi. 322.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 6.

Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 13.

9

Skel.l

1 Here misnamed “ Vultur /colbii.

C

10

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

J

0

Miscellaneous References. i

h

X

[umber
f speci-
nens in
orwich
luseum.

NEOPHRON.

1

)u Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,

1. percnopterus (co?i-
tinued).

Subspecies

a. ginginianus {Lath.),

p. 18.

f

J

p. 4.

3eebobm,Eriti sb Birds, pt.l ,
p. 11.

lume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 9.
Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 15.

2

Species

2. monachus {Temm.),
p. 19.

1868, 137

138

1875, 91

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 2221.
Blanford, Geol. & Zool. of
Abyssinia, p. 287 2.

4-

Subspecies

a. pileatus {Burch.) . .
pp. 18, 455.

1868,137
1875, 91

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. p. 53 2.
Sharpe's Layard, p. 7.
Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.
Zool. vol. xiii. p. 17 2.

2

Skel.l

Family 4.

PALCONIDJE.

Subfamily 1.

G YPA ETINJE.

Genus 1.

GYPAETUS.

1877, 210

Species

1. barbatus {Linn.) .

p. 228.

„ 210

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores ir
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 81.

Irby, Om. of Gibraltar
p. 38.

Hume, Nests and Eggs o
Indian Birds, p. 12.

Dresser, Birds of Europe
vol. v. p. 401, pis. 323
324, & 325.

Prjevalsky, Rowley’s Orn
Misc. vol. ii. p. 137.

13

Skel.l

f

5

1 Here referred to the genus Cathartcs.

2 JV. monachus and N. pileatus are here united under the latter name.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

11

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. Q-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

t

David et Oustalet, Ois. do
la Chine, p. 7.

2. ossifragus ( Savig .),
p. 230.

\

1868, 136

Riippell, Systematische

Uebersicht, p. 1, pi. I1.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 87 x.
Ayres, Ibis, 1864, p. 346 \
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 32.

2

Subfamily 2.

G TPOHIEBA (JINjE.

Genus 1.

GYPOHIERAX.

Species

1. angolensis 2 ( Gruel.),
p. 312.

1878, 452

458

459

Gray, Genera of Birds, vol. i.
p. 7, pi. 4.

Blanchard, Ibis, 1860, p. 94.
Du Chaillu, Explorations,
p. 131.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 79.
Ussber, Ibis, 1874, p. 44.
Sbarpe’s Layard, p. 45.
Ayres, Ibis, 1877, p. 340.

5

Skel.l

Subfamily 3.
POL YB 0 RINAS.

Genus 1.

POLYBORUS.

Species

1. cheriway ( Jacq .) . .
p. 33.

1875, 95

Audubon, Birds of America,
pi. 16 13.

4

Skel.l

1 The specific name “ meridionalis” is here used.

s In my Notes I followed Mr. Sharpe in treating this remarkable species as an
abnormal Sea-Eagle ; but on further consideration I think it best to place it in a
distinct subfamily.

3 The specific name “ brasilwms ” is here used. In my former Catalogue I did not
distinguish between this species and P, tharus.

12

LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OP PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

dumber
}f speci-
mens in
Norwich
Vluseum.

POLYBORUS.

1. cheriway ( continued ).

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
wray, Land Birds , of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 178.

2. tharus (Mol.), p. 31 . .

Swainson, Zoological Illus-
trations, ser. 2, pi. 21.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Hus. pt. 1, p. 17.
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 333,
pi. 25 2.

J.H.G. P.Z.S. 1878, p. 230.
Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p.188 ;

1878, p. 398.

Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 415.

3

3. lutosus, Ridg

Ridgway, Monograph of
Polybori, p. 459.
Ridgway, Orn. of Guade-
loupe Island, p. 192.

2

Genus 2.

SENEX3.

Species

1. australis ( Ghnel .) . .
p. 38.

Temminck, PI. Col.4 pis. 192
& 224.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Hus. pt. 1, p. 20.

Skel.1

Genus 3.

PHALC0B2ENUS.

Species

1. megalopterus . . .

(Meg.), p. 36.

D’Orbigny, Voyage Ois
p. 51, pi. 2.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores ii
Nor. Hus. pt. 1, p. 24.

3

1 TVm snecific name “ brasiliensis" is here used. „ , . . .

2 One of the pale Caracaras figured in this plate is still living in the Gardens of the

Milvago, „nd D.plnm «. .11 included b,

Mr. Sharpe in the genus Ibycter „

4 Figured by Temniinck as “Faleo nova zealandia.

LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OP DREY.

13

«

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

2. carunculatus, Des

Murs , p. 38.

Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 19,
pi. 1.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 25.

3

3. albigularis (Gould),
p. 37.

1

Gould, Zool. of Voyage of
the Beagle, pt. 3, p. 13,
pl.l.

O

Genus 4.

MIL V AGO.

Species

1. chimango ( Vieill.) . .
p. 41.

Gray’s Genera, vol. i. p. 10,
pi. 5.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 26.
Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 188;

1878, p. 398.

Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 420.
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p.623.

5

2. chimachima( FieiF),
pp. 39, 455.

Genus 5.

Jardine and Selby, Illustra-
tions of Ornithology, pi. 2.
J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 27.
Salvin,Godman,and Simons,
Ibis, 1880, p. 177.

6

DAPTRIUS.

Species

1. ater1, Vieill., p. 35. .

1875, 95

Temminck, PL Col. pis. 37
& 342 L

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 29.

4

2. gymnocephalus* ?

(B’Orb.), p. 34.

D’Orbigny, Voyage Ois.
p. 50.

O

1 “ Gymnops fasciatus” of Spix must, I think, be considered a synonym of Daptrius
ater\ Temminck figures this species under the name of “ Falco atcrrimus.'

14

1, 1ST OF DITTRXAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

Eeferences
to J. H. Gr.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous Eeferences.

Genus 6.

IBYCTER.

Species
1. americanus ( Bodd .),
pp. 35, 455.

Subfamily 4.
CIRCAETINJZ.
Genus 1.

HERPETOTHERES2.
Species
1. cachinnans (Linn.),
p. 278.

Buffon,Pl.Enl.vol.i. p.110,
p. 417 b
J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 29.

1878, 87

88

. 87

145

146

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 2.

CIRCAETUS.

Species

1. gallicus (Gmel.).

p. 280.

87

146

Yieillot et Oudart Galerie 4
des Ois. p. 47, pi. 19. Skel.l
Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidie, p. 136.
Grayson, Memoirs of Boston
Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii.
p. 300.

Lawrence and Sumichrast,

Birds of S.W. Mexico,

Bull. U. S. Mus. no. 4,
p. 41.

Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 353.

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp
35, 70, pi. 24. fig. 1.

Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar,
p. 46.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 130.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 39.

8

Skel.l

1 Here figured and described as “Le petit Aigle d’Am6rique. intermediate

*,Z„“ - 1- Old

World.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

15

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat.' vol. i.

Eeferences
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous Eeferences.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 563, ills. 349 &
350.

Prjevalsky, Rowley’s Hisc.
vol. ii. p. 145.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 21.

2. cinerascens. Mull.,
p. 285. ‘

1861, 1311

1878, 146

to 148

Heuglin, Ibis, 1860, pp. 410,
414, pi. 15 b

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 38.

5

Skel.l

3. fasciolatus. Gray . .
p. 285.

1861, 130
1868,139
1878, 148

to 150

Ayres, Ibis, 1862, p. 35, pi. 3.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 45.
Bohm , Journ . fiir Orn . 1882,
p. 203.

2

4. beaudouinii, Ver-
reaux 4' Des Murs,
p. 284.

1861, 1312
1878, 146

Verreaux et Des Murs, Ibis,
1862, p. 212, pi. 7.

7

5. pectoralis, Smith . .

p. 282.

1868, 139
1878, 150

to 160

1880,258

A. Smith, S. African Quart.

Journ. vol. i. p. 109.

Von Heuglin, Ibis, 1860,
p. 413.

Ayres, Ibis, 1860, p. 203
1877, p.341; 1878, p.281.
Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 37.

11

Skel.l

6. cinereus3, Vieill, . .

p. 282.

1878, 150

to 152
160
to 164
352

1880,258

Vieillot, 1ST. Diet. vol. xxiii
p. 445.

Vieillot et Oudart, Gal. Ois
pi. 12.

Ruppell, HeueWirbel. Vogel
p. 351, pi. 14 4.

Von Heuglin, Ibis, 1860
p. 413.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola
p. 34.

7

1 There called “Circa'etus zonurus" and “Circa'etus melanotis.”

2 In this Note two immature specimens of C. beaudouinii in the Norwich Museum
were erroneously referred to C. gallious.

3 Mr. Sharpe unites C. pectoralis and C. cincrms.

4 Here figured under the name of “ Falco funereus.”

16

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

]

dumber
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 3.

SPILORNIS.

Species

1878, 87

88

Gould, Century, pi. V.

8

1. undnlatus 1 ( Vig .). .

„ 39

p. 287.

Subspecies

to 97
145

Hume, Hosts and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 40 \
David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 21l.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 193.

Skel. 1

a. albidus2 (Cuv.) ....
pp. 289, 458.

„ 90

to 97

1882,235

Temminck, Pi. Col. pi. 19
(immature).

Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 85.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 42.

Hume, Stray Eeathcrs, vol.
iv. p. 358.

Cripps, Stray Feathers, vol.
vii. p. 247.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 22.

Bingham, Stray Feathers,
vol. ix. p. 144.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
undi, vol. ii. p. 194.

4-

b. spilogaster 1 ( Blyth ),
p. 289.

1878, 97

to 100

Lcgge, Birds of Ceylon, p.61.

13

e. bido3 (Horsf.), p. 290

„ 100

Schlegel, Y alkY ogels, pi. 22

2

Skel. 1

d. davisoni3, Hume . .

p. 289.

„ 98

99

Hume, StrayFeath ers, vol. ii
p. 147, vol. iv. p. 281.

2

1 Mr. Sharpe and some other authors use for this species the specific name “ cheela

^ may be regarded as synonyms of

Falco of Cuvier and Temminck (vide ■ Ibis,’ 1878, p. 97) though in a subsequent

T iVirnuo-li inadvertence used the specific name rutherfordi , the latter is the
E.ppM to it by Mr. Crippt, Captaiu Binghnm, rnd Mr. Oate. in tic note, .bore

ref^M? Sharpe uses for 8. bid h the specific name “bacha ” and comprises & spilo-
Mr. Sharpe use 0f “ melanofis." Professor Schlegel figures the

Sava7 race tmder ’tile specific name of -bad, a," and merge, the genu, Spttom m

Circdetus.

LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

17

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

2. elgini (Tyil.), p. 291.

1878, 101

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
ii. p. 144.

3

3. pallidus, Wald

p. 290, pi. 9.

„ 101

Walden, Ibis, 1872, pp. 363,
364.

Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 52.

5

4. minimus, Hume. . . .
p. 459.

„ 101
102

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. i.
p. 464, vol. iv. p. 282.

1

5. rufipectus, Goula . .

p. 291.

Subspecies

„ 102

Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 12,
pi.

Schlegel,ValkVogels, pp.37,
72, pi. 23. figs. 1, 2, & 31.

5

a. sulaensis ? ( Schleg .),

p. 292.

Species

„ 102

Schlegel,Valk Vogels, pp.38,
72, pi. 23. figs. 4, 5, & 61.

2

6. holospilus ( Vig.) . .
p. 293.

Genus 4.

DRYOTRIORCHIS.

Species

„ 102
„ 87

Gray’s Gen. vol. i. pi. 71
(immature).

Fraser, Zool. Typ. pi. 29 2
(adult).

Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1877,
pp. 689,757, 821; 1878,
pp.340,939; 1879, p. 69.

6

1. spectabilis (Schleg.),
p. 279.

Genus 5.

EUTRIORCHIS.

Species

„ 88

pi. 2

„ 87

J.H.G. P.Z.S.1880,p.621,
pi. 58.

1

1. astur, Sharpe

„ 88

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 70,
pi. 13.

Milne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. i. p. 31, and vol. ii.
pis. 95 & 9c.

O

1 Here roferred to Circaetus.

2 Hore referred to Hcematornis.

D

18

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. yoI. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

I

c

Miscellaneous References.

I

J

dumber
f speci-
nens in
forwich
luseum.

Genus 6.

HELOTARSUS.

Species

L878, 87

352

Des Murs, in Lcfcbvre’s

1 . ecaudatus ( Baud .) . .

1868, 140

4

p. 300.
Subspecies

1878, 353

to 356

Voyage en Abyssinio,
Zool. p. 66, pi. 11.

Ayres, Ibis, 1862, p. 35.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 48.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 41.

Skel.l

a. leuconotus, Rupp.,

1868,140

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 49.

1

p. 301.

Subfamily 5.

0 YMNO GENYN2E.

Genus 1.

P0LYB0R0IDES.

Species

141

1878, 353

354

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 42.

1. radiatus (Scop.)
p. 48.

1869, 451

J. II. G. Cat. of Raptores in
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 90.

Newton, Ibis, 1863, p.3381.

Milne-Edwards et Grand i-
dicr, Ois. de Madagascar
vol. i. p. 50, vol. ii. pis
15, 16, 16 a, 17, & 18.

4

2. typicus, Smith, p. 4£

1859, 153

Smith, 111. Zool. of S. Africa

15

1868,146

Aves, pis. 81 & 82.

Skel. 1

1875, 221

Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 2372
1862, p. 352.

J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores ii
Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 12.
Ridgway, Cat. of Falconida
in Boston Mus. pp. 42, 42
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 9.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola

p. 7.

k

)

1 Here referred to under the specific name “ madagascariensis.”

2 Here referred to under the specific name “ radiatus."

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

19

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (}rears
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Subfamily 6.
CIRC I NEE.

Genus 1.
CIRCUS.

Species

1. cyaneus {Linn.),]). 52
1

1875, 222

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i.
p. 132.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Ibis,
1871, p. 72.

Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar,
p. 32.

Scully, Stray Feathers, vol.
iv. p. 125.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 431, pi. 329.
Prj evalsky, Rowley’s Orn.

Misc. vol. ii. p. 154.
David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 27.

Scully, Ihis, 1881, p. 421.
Seebohm, British Birds, pt.

1, p. 128.

29

2. hudsonius (Linn.). .
p. 55.

„ 222

Swainson and Richardson,
Fauna Bor.-Amer. pt. 2,
p. 55, pi. 291.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 2142.

23

3. macrurus (Omel.) . .
p. 67.

„ 222

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
i. p. 1603.

Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar,
p. 33.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 144.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 441, pi. 3304.

30

1 There called “ Circus cyaneus, var. americanus."

2 Thore called “ Circus cyaneus, var. hudsomus.”

3 The specific name “ pallidus" is here used.

4 Mr. Dresser uses the specific name “ swainsoni.’’

20

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

CIRCUS.

3. macrurus ( continued )

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 11.
David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 28.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p.17.
Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 421.
Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 175.

4. cineraceus1 (Mont.).
p. 64.

1875, 222

223

Montagu, Orn. Diet. vol. i.
letter F2.

Newton's Yarrcll, vol. i.
p. 138.

Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar, p.32.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 145.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 423, pi. 328.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 121.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 281.

Legge, Birds ofCeylon,p. 12.

Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 421.

Seebohm, British Birds, pt.
1, p. 131.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
in ah, vol. ii. p. 1731.

23

Skel. 2

5. maurus ( Tcmm .) . .

p. 60.

• • • • • •

Temminck, PI. Col.pl.4612.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 13.

3

6. cinereus ( Vieill.) . .
p. 56.

• •••••

Quoy et Gaimard, Voyage
de l’Uranie, pis. 15 & 163
D’Orbigny, Voyage Ois. p
110.

Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p
187; 1878, p. 397.
Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 411.

19

7. maculosus (Vieill.)

p. 62.

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 22*.
D’Orbigny, Voyage Ois. p
1124.

7

1 Described by Mr. Sbarpe under the specific name “pygargus,” also by Davidand Oates.
^ Here referred to the genus Falco. 3 Here referred to as “Falco hustnomeus.

a. Referred to in both, these articles under the specific name ‘ macropterus. Tem-
minck figures this species under the name “ Falco palustris.”

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

21

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References

to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

N umber
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

8. melanoleucus ....

1868,356

Leotaud, Ois. de la Trini-
dad, p. 491.

Anderson, 'Western Yun-

13

(Forst.), p. 61.

1870,445

nan, vol. i. p. 572, pis.

1

1875, 222

(footnote)
„ 225

to 228

1882, 235

45 & 46.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 29.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 9.
Cripps, Stray Feathers, vol.

9. maillardi, Verr. . .

1869, 450

x. p. 327.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 172.

Sclater, Ibis, 1863, p. 163,

3

p. 59.

451

pi. 4.

Subspecies

a. macrosceles, Newt .,

1875, 228

to 232

1876, 279

1869,451

Milne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. i. p. 9; vol. ii. pis. 29,
29 b. fig. 3, & pi. 29 c.
fig. 3.

Milne-Edwards et Grandi-

32

p. 73.

1875, 229

dier, vol. i. p. 90 ; vol. ii.

Species

10. wolfi, Gum., p. 73

to 232

1876, 278

97Q

1873,421

pis. 27, 28, 29 b. fig. 2,
& pi. 29 c. fig. 2.

J. H. G. P. Z. S. 1865, p.

63

(footnote)

422

823, pi. 44.

11. approximans . . . .

1875, 225
1876, 384

i

1870,536

Buller, Birds of N. Zealand,
Intr. p. 15.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 72.

E. L. and E. L. C. Layard,
Ibis, 1882, p. 500.

Peale, Zool. U. S. Exp.,

14

Feale, p. 72.

1 ..... ...

1875, 225

Birds (first edition), p. 64,

1 See note 4, p. 20.

2 One of these specimens is the type described by Professor Newton in P. Z. S.
1863, p. 180, and by Mr. E. Newton in ‘ Ibis,’ 1863, p. 337.

3 Two of these specimens are the types figured in P. Z. S. 1865, pi. 44.

22

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

CIRCUS.

11. approximans ( con-
tinued).

1876, 3841 2

Bonaparte, Conspectus, vol.
i. p. 341.

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 26\

Buller, Birds of N. Zealand,
p. 11, pi. & Intr. p. 151.

12. spilothorax*, Salv.

Salvadori and D’Alberti,
Ann. Civ. Gen. vol. vii. p.
807.

Salvadori, Oru. della Pa-
puasia e delle Molucche,

pt. 1, p. 71.

o

13. spilonotus3, Kaup,
p. 58.

1875, 225

Swinhoe, Ibis, 1863, p. 213,
pi. 5.

Prjevalsky, Rowley’s Orn.

Misc. vol. ii. p. 154.
David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 29.

Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 30;
1879, p. 235.

13

14. seruginosus 3 ....
(Linn.), p. 69.

1875, 223
1882,235

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i.
p. 127.

Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar, p.33.
J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 144.
Ayres, Ibis, 1871, p. 147.
Scully, Stray Feathers, vol.
iv. p. 126.

29

1 I find that the Harrier of the Fiji Islands ( Circus approximans ) is, as stated in Mr.
Sharpe’s volume, identical with C. gouldi of Australia and New Zealand.

In my last note in the ‘Ibis,’ above referred to, I mentioned that as the only Fijian
Harrier which I had examined was immature, I felt doubtful whether it should be
referred to C. gouldi or to C. violfi ; but I have since ascertained its identity with the
former by the inspection of two adult males, kindly lent to me by Captain Wardlaw
Eamsay, which were obtained by Mr. Layard at Bua-Yanua Levu in the Fiji Islands.

As the specific name “approximans” was applied by Peale to this Harrier in 1848,
it has priority over that of “gouldi” proposed for it by Bonaparte in 1850 and adopted
in Mr. Sharpe’s volume and also in my notes, as well as in Mr. Buller’s ‘ Birds of New
Zealand.’

2 Here figured under the incorrect name “Circus assimilis.”

3 See Appendix A.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

23

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

1

Iresscr, Birds of Europe, vol.

v. p. 415, pis. 326 & 327 J.
Rowley, Orn. Misc. vol. ii.
p. 65, pi. 45.

lavid et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 30.
jegge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 5.
Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 422.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 16.

Du Bocage, Ois. d’ Angola,

P- 9-

Seebohm, British Birds, pt.l ,
p. 124.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 176.

15. ranivorus (ZkracZ.),

p. 71.

LeYaillant, Ois. d’Afrique,
vol. i. p. 95, pi. 23 2.
Ayres, Ibis, 1868, p. 464 ;

1878, p. 283.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 14.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,

p. 11.

16

Skel. 1

16. humbloti * 3, Milne-
Ed. et Grand.

Milne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. ii. pis. 29 a, 29 b.
figs. 1, la, & 1 b, & pi.
29 c. figs. 1 & 1 a.

o

17. assimilis4 ( Jard . Sf
Selb.), p. 63.

1875, 225

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 27.

Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pp
29, 67, pi. 20. figs. 2 & 3
Tweeddale, Collected W orks
p. 141.

11

1 See Appendix A.

2 Here figured under the name of “Le Grenouillard.”

3 The description of this species is expected to appear in the “ Appendix ” to the
work of Messrs. Milne-Edwards and Grandidier.

1 The geographical distribution of Circus assimilis ( C.jardinii of Gould’s ‘Birds of
Australia’) is extremely curious, the only localities out of Australia in which it exists
being (so far as I have been able to ascertain) Tasmania and Celebes.

I may add that the only Tasmanian specimen I have seen is an immature bird
obtained in 1840 and preserved in the Norwich Museum.

24

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Subfamily 7.

A C C I PIT R IN2E.

Genus 1 .

MICRASTUR.

Species

1. melanoleucus1 ....
( Vieill .), p. 75.

1879, 171

(footnote)

Temminck, PL Col. pis. 116
(immature) and 141
(adult)1.

Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S.
1869, p. 365.

Grayson, Memoirs Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. ii.
p. 299.

Cabot, Boston Journal Nat.
Hist. vol. iv. p. 462.

Lawrence and Sumichrast,
Birds of S.W. Mexico in
Bull. U. S. Mus. no. 4,
p. 40.

Ridgway, Proc. of Acad, of
Nat. Sciences of Phila-
delphia, 1875, p. 482.

7

2. amaurus, Gum. . .

1879, 171

F

Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S.

2

(, Schleg .), p. 76.

1869, p. 365.

Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sciences of Philadelphia,
1875, p. 4853.
Taczanowski, P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 47.

i Mr. Sharpe uses for this species the specific name “ semitorquatus Temminck

fig?This specimen* i^one^fi'^the^two types of the species, the other being in the collection

°f3SI^rRfdgwryTerf gt^rthe only description with which I am acquainted of the
immature plumage of M. mirandollei. I may mention that both he specimens
contained in the Norwich Museum were obtained in Guiana ; these and the lew others
which I have seen are in adult plumage, and the immature dross is only known to me
from Mr. Ridgway’s description.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

25

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J.H.G-.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

4. guerilla1, Cass., p. 79
1

Subspecies

a. jugularis', Gum. . .
n. sp.

Cassin, Journ. Phil. Acad,
vol. i. pi. 40.

Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S.
1869, p. 367.

llidgwav, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sciences of Philadelphia,
1875, p. 486.

7

6

Species

5. ruficollis1 ( Vieill.) . .
p. 76.

1875, 232

Temminck, PI. Col. pis. 92
& 30 62 3 4.

7

6. zonothorax1 ( Cah .),

p. 79.

„ 232

Itidgway, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sciences of Philadelphia,
1875, p. 489.

O

7. gilvicollis1 ( Vieill .),

p. 78.

„ 232

233

D’Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p.
88s.

5

Genus 2.

GERANOSPIZIAS.

„ 233

Species

1. gracilis* ( Temm .) . .

p. 81.

„ 233

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 91.
Ridgway, Cat. of Falco-
nidae in Boston Mus. p. 43.

5

2 cserulescens

„ 233

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 3.
Ridgway, Cat. of Falco-
nidae in Boston Mus. p. 43.

3

{Vieill.), p. 81.

234

1 As to the several species here numbered 4, 4 a, 5, 0, and 7 (and the synonyms of
some of them) see Appendix B, where I have treated M. leucauchen as a synonym of
M. ruficollis ; M. concentricus and M. pdzelni I have treated as synonyms of M. gilvi-
collis.

2 Temminck’s plates are severally entitled “ Falco xanthothorax ” and “ Falco leu-
cauchen!’

3 Described by D’Orbigny under the title of “ Nisus concentricus.”

4 Mr. Sharpe treats G. gracilis and G. ccerulescens as belonging to the same species ;
but they appear to me to be distinct. G. gracilis is tho “ Aplomado ” of Azara, and
G. ceerulescens is the “ Falco hemidactylus ' of Temminok; G. gracilis is the more
Eastern, G. ccerulescens the more Western species, both boing South-American.

E

26

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

I

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

GERANOSPIZIAS.

Species

3. niger ( Du Bus), p. 82.

1875, 233

Du Bus, Esquisses Orn. pi.
16.

Ridgway, Cat. of Falco-
nida) in Boston Mus.p.45.

Grayson, Memoirs of Boston
Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii.
p. 299.

Lawrence and Sumichrast,
Birds of S.W. Mexico, in
Bull. U. S. Mus. no. 4,
p. 39.

6

Genus 3.

UROTRIORCHIS.

Species

1. macrurus ( Uartl .). .
p. 83.

„ 234

Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 58,
pi. 3l.

2

Genus 4.

MELIERAX.

Species

1. canorus (Risl.), p. 87

1868 ,145
1875, 235

Le Vaillant, Ois. d’Afrique,
p. 117, pi. 27 2.

Ayres, Ibis, 1869, p. 289 ;

1877, p. 340 3.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 17.

8

2. poliopterus, Cab...

p. 88.

Shelley, P. Z. S. 1882, p.
305.

O

3. polyzonus (Rupp.) .

p. 88.

1875, 235

Riippcll, Neue Wirbcl. Vo-
gel, p. 36, pi. 15.

Drake, Ibis, 1869, p. 153.
Irby, Ora. of Gibraltar,
p. 35.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 18.

io

Skel. 1

1 Here referred to the genus Astur. n

2 Here figured under the name of Le Faucon chanteur.

3 The specific name “ musicus ” is hero used.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

27

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J.H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

dumber
af speci-
mens in
Norwich
Vluseum.

Du Bocage, Om. d’Angola,

p. 12.

Du Bocage, 21st West Afri-
can List, p. 1, & 22nd, p. 8.

4. mechowi?*, Qab. . .

Cabanis, Journ. fur Orn.
1882, p. 229.

o

5. metabates ?*

Yon Heuglin, Ibis, 1861,

o

v. Heugl., p. 92.

p. 72.

6. gabar1 ( Baud .), p. 89

1868,145
1875, 235

236

Levaillant, Ois. d’Afrique,
p. 136, pi. 33 h
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 19.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,
p. 15.

19

7. niger (Bonn.et Vieill.)

p. 91.

Vicillot et Oudart, Gall, des
Ois. vol. i. pi. 22.

Ayres, Ibis, lo78, p. 282.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 20.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,
p. 16.

Shelley, P.Z.S. 1882, p.305.

6

Genus 5.

ASTURINULA.

1876, 4831

Species

13

L. monogrammica

„ 484

Temminck, Pi. Gol.pl. 314

( Ternm .), p. 275.

1881, 124

Ussher, ibis, 1874, p. 46.
J. H. G. P. Z. S. 1878, p
791.

Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 285.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 42.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola
p. 33.

Shelley, P. Z. S.1881 , p. 562

1 The peculiarities of coloration and marlsing which Mr. Blanford observed in his
Abyssinian specimens ( vide Geol. and Zool. of Abyssinia, p. 292), and which I formerly
agreed with him in considering to be indicative of the specific validity of M. niloticus
(Sund.), I now think arc more probably in the nature of individual variations (perhaps
contingent upon age) than in that of specific distinctions of a constant and stablo cha-
racter. Levaillant figures a South- African specimen under the narno of “ Le Gnbar.”

2 In my Notes I have treated the genus as most nearly allied to Adurina ; but I am
now of opinion that it is oven more closely related to Melierax. See my remarks in
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 791 ; conf. Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 49(5, 634.

28

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

Eeferences
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous Eeferences.

N umber
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 6.
ASTUR.

Species

1875, 353

1. palumbarius

„ 353

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i.

15

{Linn.), p. 95.

354

p. 83.

Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar,
p. 36.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 24.

Radcliife, Falconry, p. 16.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 587, pi. 354.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 23.

Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p.
40<

Seebohm, British Birds,
vol. i. p. 142.

Skel. 2

2. candidissimus ....
Dybowshi.

Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-As.

vol. i. p. 370 \

Dybowski, Bull. Soc. Zool.
de France, 1883, p. 353.

3. atricapillus ( TFiZs.).
pp. 97, 456.

„ 353

to 355

Swain son and Richardson,
Fauna Bor.-Amer. pt. 1,
p. 40, pi. 26.

Baird, Brower, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 237.

Seebohm, British Birds,
vol. i. p. 145.

7J

4. hensti*, Schley., p. 97

„ 353

Milne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. i. p. 98, vol. ii. pis.
30 & 30 a.

O

1 Here described under the designation of “Accipiter astur /3.”

2 One of these specimens is an immature example of the subspecies “ striatulus ” of
Eidgway, if that be admitted as distinct, but I do not believe it to be a valid subspecies.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OP DREY.

29

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 7.

LOPHOSPIZIAS1.

Species 1

1875, 355

io

1. trivirgatus ( Ternm .)

p. 105.

Subspecies

„ 355

356
468

Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pp.

18, 57, pi. 10.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon,
p. 20.

a. rufitinctus 2

(M'Clell), p. 106.

Species

„ 355

Legge, Birds of Ceylon,

p. 21.

5

2. griseiceps ( Schleg .) .

p. 106.

„ 355

Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 184,
pi. 5.

Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pp.
19, 58, pi. 11. figs. 1
& 2.

3

3. tenuirostris?*3 ..

(Briigg.).

Genus 8.

NISOIDES.

Species

1875, 366

Briiggemann, in Abhand-
lungen vorn nat. Yereine
zu Bremen, vol. v. p. 43,
pi. 3. fig. 2 (head only) .

O

1. moreli*, Poll., p. 129

1869, 448
1875, 366

Milne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. i. p. 105, vol. ii.
pi. 32. fig. 2, pi. 32 a.

O

1 Included by Mr. Sharpe in the genus Artur, as also by many other authors.

3 “Artur indicia*," Hodgs., appears to be a lator synonym than rujitinctus (vid'c ‘ Strav
Feathers,’ vol. v. p. 124). v J

3 Apparently founded on a single specimen from the Celebes, which was considered
by Kaup to be a young male of L. griseiceps ■ it has the peculiarity (perhaps only
an individual one) of the absence of any sinuation from the tomia of the upper man-
dible. Lt

30

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

Eeferences
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous Eeferences.

dumber
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 9.

SCELOSPIZIAS1.

L875, 357

Species

1. francesi (Smith)2 . .

p. 116.

„ 357

to 359

Hilne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol.i. p.99, vol.ii. pis. 31,
32. fig. 1, pis. 33 & 34.

6

2. pusillus, Ourn

„ 358

359

Sclater, Ibis, 1864, p. 298,
pi. 73.

E. Newton, P. Z. S. 1877,
p. 296 4.

Shelley, P.Z.S. 1879, p. 674.

4

3. brutus (Poll.), p. 107.

1869, 4484
1875, 359

Schlegel and Pollen, Faun.
Madag. Ois. p. 38, pi. 12.
fig. 25.

1

4. polyzonoides

(Smith), p. 113.

„ 360

468

Smith, 111. of S. African
Zool., Aves, pi. 11.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 22.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,
p. 19.

Shelloy, P.Z.S. 1881, p. 563.
Shelley and Ayres, Ibis,
1882, p. 237.

13

5. badius (Gmel.)
p. 109.

„ 360

361

Temminck, PI. Col. pis. 308
& 336 G.

Hume, Nests and Eggs o
Indian Birds, p. 24 7.
Blanford, Zool. and Geol. o
t Eastern Persia, p. 107.
Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 23
Davidson, Stray Feathers
vol. x. p. 286.

22

1 Included by Mr. Sharpe in the genus Astur-, also by most other authors here

referred to. I have followed Mr. Sharpe in spelling this name as “fratwiscce;” but

I now look upon the spelling adopted above as more correctly representing the . den-
"■’L 3 Here referred to the genus Accipiter.

' < Here referred to the genus Accipiter. 5 Here referred to the genus Nisus.

6 Here figured under the name “Falco dussumieri. ’

1 Here referred to the genus Micronisus.

LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OP PREP.

31

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. Gt.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Subspecies

a. poliopsis ( Hume ) . .

p. 110.

1

1875, 360

361

1882,235

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 24.

Bingham, Stray Feathers,
vol. ix. p. 143.

5

h epnehroides

1875, 361

Severtzoff, Turk. Jev. p.

O

( Severtz .).

479

480

(with edito-
rial foot-
note).

113.

Severtzoff, Ibis, 1875, p.
104.

Severtzoff, Stray Feathers,
vol. iii. p. 422.

Blanford, Zool. and Geol. of
Eastern Persia, p. 108.
Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 401.

c. sphenurus (Rupp.),

p. 112.

1875, 360

Biippell, System. Ueber-
sicht, pp. 6 & 11, pi. 23.

13

Skel.l

Species

6. brevipes3 * (Severtz.),

p. 111.

„ 360

361

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 633, pis. 359 &
360k

Severtzoff, Ibis, 187 5, p.105.

12

7. tachiro (Daud.) ....
p. 99.

Subspecies

a. unduliventer0 ....

(Rupp.), pp. 99, 100,
108.

1868, 144
1875, 361

362
468

„ 362

363

Temminck, PL Col. pis. 377
& 4206.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 20.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 17.

Shelley, P. Z. S. 1882, p.302.

Ruppell, Neue Wirb. p. 40,
pi. 18. fig. 1.

14

Skel.l

4

1 Hero referred to the genus Micronisus.

2 Here referred to the genus Nisiis.

3 Misprinted “breviceps" in tho ‘Ibis’ for 1875, p. 361.

4 Here referred to the genus Accipiter.

4 Here figured as “Falco tachiro.”

6 I now consider that the following are all synonyms of 8. unduliventer, viz. Astur
macroscclides of Hartlaub, Accipiter sonarius of Hartlaub, and Astur tibialis of Verreaux ;
also that Captain Shelley’s immature specimen from the Cameroons, referred to by me
in the ‘Ibis,’ 1875, p. 362, belongs to this species: the type of Astur tibialis is one of
the four specimens of S. unduliventer preserved in the Norwich Museum.

32

LIST OF DIURXAL BIRDS OF PRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

SCELOSPIZIAS.
Subspecies
b. castanilius (Bon.),
pp. SO, 101, pi. 31.

Species

8. toussenelii ( Terr.),
p. 101, pi. 6. fig. 1.

Genus 10.

ERYTHROSPIZIAS.
Species
1. trinotatus3 (Bon.) .

p. 101.

Genus 11.

TACHYSPIZIAS4.

Species

1. soloensis (Lath.)
p. 114, pi. 4. fig. 1.

Subspecies

cuculoides? (Term

p. 115, pi. 4. fig. 2.

Deferences
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

1875, 363

364

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 35, pi. 18 2.

o

„ 364

Sharpe et Bouvier, Bull. S.
Z. de la France, vol. ii.
p. 470.

o

„ 364

„ 364

Schlegel, Valk Yogcls, pp.
27, 65, pi. 10. figs. 1, 2,
& 33.

6

„ 365

„ 365

366

David et Oustalet, Ois. do
la Chine, p. 25.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 65.

Biugham, Stray Feathers,
vol. ix. p. 143.

17

„ 365

366

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 24.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 66.

2

1 This plate is inscribed “Astur macroscclidcs" and so referred to by Mr. Sharpe at

P ^ Here figured and described as “Accipitcr castanilius,’' as to which see my Notes

above referred to. , ,, » „ , , , ,

3 This species is referred by Mr. Sharpe to the genus Astur, and by I rot. bcnlegel to

]tfsus

* Mr. Sharpe and also MM. David and Oustalet and Captain Bingham merge this
genus in that of Astur.

USX OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREF.

33

References

Number

Nomenclature, with references

to J. H. G.’s

Miscellaneous References.

of speci-
mens in

to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Norwich

Museum.

Genus 12.

LEUCOSPIZIAS1.

1875, 365

Species

Gould, Birds of Australia,

1. novse-hollandise . .

„ 365

3

( Gmel .), p. 118.

vol. i. pi. 15'.

2. leucosomus(<S7tarpe)
p. 119.

,, 365

Schlegel, Valli Yogels, pp.
19,58, pi. 11. %. 32.

1

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-

asia e delle Molucclie,
pt. 1, p. 42.

3. cinereus ( Vieill.) . .
p. 117.

„ 365

Gould, Birds of Austral^,
vol. i. pi. 142.

6

4. poliocephalus ....

„ 3653

Sclater, Ibis, 1860, p. 322,

3

(Gray), p. 117.

1876, 243

pi. 10 (adult).

Sharpe on Collections of
Dr. Meyer, p. 351.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 45, and pt. 3,
p. 508.

Salvadori, Voyage of the
‘Challenger,’ Birds, p. 74.

Genus 13.

UROSPIZIAS1.

1875, 364

365

Species

Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 275,

8

1. haplochrous ( Sclat .)

„ 365

p. 119.

1876, 243

pi. 8.

E. L. and E. L. C. Layard,

Ibis, 1882, p. 498.

2. albigularis((3ra?/) . .

1875, 365

Gray, Cruise of the Cura^oa

6'

p. 120.

p. 354, pi. 1 (adult).

1 Included by Mr. Sharpe in the genus Astur.

2 Here figured under the title of “ Astur nova hollandice.”

3 In my Notes I have referred “ Accipiter poliocephalus" of Gray to the genus
Urospizias, but I now think that it belongs rather to Lcucospizias.

4 One of theBC specimens is that figured in the ‘ Ibis ’ for 1881, the remaining five are
from the island of Ugi in the Solomon Group, and have been recently obtained by the

F

34

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

UROSPIZIAS.

2. albigularis {con-
tinued).

|

1881, 259

to 201
pi. 8 (im-
mature).

1882,179

180

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt.l, p. 44, and pt. 3, p.
507.

Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc.
17. S. Wales, vol. vi. pp.
15, 718, 727.

Ramsay, Ibis, 1882, p. 345.

3. meyerianus*

( flharpe ).

1881, 261

Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc.
(Zool.) vol. xiii. p. 458,
pi. 22.

Sharpe on Collections of
Dr. Meyer, p. 354.

o

Norwich Museum, through the good offices of Mr. E. P. Ramsay ; they have none of them
been sexed by the collector, but are all larger than the two immature males from the
neighbouring island of San Ohristoval, of which I have given the dimensions in the ‘ Ibis
for 1881, p. 2G1, and for 1882, p. 180. The five Ugi specimens measure as under

Immature, with some down still attached ...

Ditto, with no down remaining

White-breasted adult

Ditto, ditto

Melanistic adult

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle toe

s. u.

inches.

inches.

inch.

8-75

2-45

1-60

940

2-35

160

100

2-55

1-60

100

2-50

1-60

9-80

250

1-70

The last-named specimen is an example of the black hawk for which Mr. Ramsay,
in the first instance, proposed the specific name “versicolor," but which he subse-
quently considered not to be separable from U. albigularis. I concur in the latter
view, and think it probable that it is a melanistic phase, possibly hereditary, of the
white-breasted bird ; such melanisms, as is well known, occur in other raptorial birds,
of which I may mention two very similar instances on the African continent, Accipiter
mclanoleucus and Butco augur. The specimen now referred to is a slaty black on the
exposed portions of the feathers, but the basal moieties of the primaries are white on
the inner webs, cross-barred and freckled with dark slate-colour, and the under surface
of the tail is indistinctly crossed with dark brown bars on a ground of somewhat
lighter brown ; in both these particulars it resembles the white-breasted adults, except
that in these the barring on the under surface of the rectrices is less indistinct. The
two immature specimens are evidently younger than that figured ip the ‘Ibis for 1881 ;
they resemble it on the upper surface, but differ in having a blackish-brown shaft-mark
on each feather of the throat, and in the ground-colour being of a much darker and
richer rufous on all the underparts, including the wing-linings, and m all these parts
being broadly and regularly cross-barred with blackish brown.

LIST OE DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

35

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucclie,
pfc. 1, p. 44 \

4. pulchellus* (tfmns.).

Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc.
of N. S. Wales, vol. iv.
p. 66 2, vol. vii. p. 17.
Ramsay, Journ. of Linn.
Soc. (Zool.) vol. xvi. p.
131.

Ramsay, Ibis, 1882, p.
473.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucclie,
pt. 3, p. 508.

o

5. etorques3, Salv

1882,453

454

Salvadori, Ann. Hus. Civ.
Gen. vol. vii. p. 901.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucclie,
pt. 1, p. 49, and pt. 3,
p. 508.

Sharpe on Collections of
Dr. Meyer, p. 353, pi. 29.

2

6. dampieri3, Gum. . .

• • V •

„ 126*
„ 453

454

Sclater, P. Z. S.1877, p.1094;

1879, p. 447*.

Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 294*.
Finsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 535.
Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 3, p. 509.

2

7. misoriensis3, Salv. .

Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ.

Gen. vol. vii. p. 904.
Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e della Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 49.

Sharpe on Collections of
Dr. Meyer, p. 353.

1

1 There included amongst the synonyms of U. albiqularis.
3 There described under the name “Astur soloensis.’’

8 See Appendix C.

* The specific name “ etorques" is here used.

36

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

dumber

of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

UROSPIZIAS.

Species

8. pallidiceps*, Salv. ..

p. 128*.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 64.

Salvadori, Ibis, 1879, p. 473.

Salvadori, Prodromus, Ad-
ditamenta, p. 2.

o

9. hiogaster (Miill. Sf
Schleg.), p. 104.

1875, 365

Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pp.
27, 65, pi. 182.

Salvadori, Voyage of ‘Chal-
lenger,’ Birds, p. 61.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 47.

6

10. henicogrammus 3

(Gray), pp. 102, 124.

„ 365

Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pi.

14. figs. 1, 3, & 44.
Sharpe on Collections of
Dr. Meyer, pp. 353, 355.
Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 54.

4

11. griseigularis4. . . .

(Gray), pp. 122, 124.

„ 365

468

Schlegel, YalkYogels, pi. 16.
fig. 1\

Sharpe on Collections of
Dr. Meyer, p. 352.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche
pt. 1, p. 57.

8

12. sharpii* (Oust.)1 . .

Oustalet, Bull, de la Soc
Phijom. de Paris, 6tl
series, vol. ii. p. 25®.
Salvadori, Ibis, 1881 , p. 607

O

i

1 There described as “Astur waUacii , young female (Bouru).

1 There referred to the genus Nisus. .

s “ Astur muelleri ” of Wallace is a synonym of Urospizias henicogrammus ; in my
TCotps I erroneously referred to them as distinct species. . . . .

* “Accipiter eqlatorialis” of Wallace is a synonym of Urospizias grueogularts.
Schlegel figures this species and the next under the name of “Am® cruentus.

8 Nec Ramsay.

9 Here referred to the genus Astur.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREV.

37

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

1

Slumber
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

13. nxfitorques ( Peale )

p. 121.

1

1875, 365

1876, 384

Cassin, U. S. Exploring
Expedition, Ornith., ed.
1858, p. 90, pi. 2\
Finsch, Voyage of the ‘Chal-
lenger,’ Birds, p. 40 1 *.

8

14. melanochlamys * .

Salv.

Salvadori, Ann. Hus. Civ.
Gen. vol. vii. p. 905,
vol. xii. p. 38.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Holucche,
pt. 1, p. 63.

O

15. wallacii ( Sharpe ) . .
p. 128, pi. 5.

1875, 365

r

16. sylvestris (Wall.) .
p. 104.

„ 365

1881, 265

(footnote)

266

267

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pi.

17. fig. 5 (immature)3.
Salvadori, Ibis, 1881, p. 607.

2

17. torquatus4 5 (Temm.)
p. 125.

1875, 365
1881, 263

to 266

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp.
25, 63, pi. 17. figs. 1, 2,
3, & 4.

Eamsay, Proc. of Linn. Soc
N. S. Wales, vol. iii. pp
173, 248.

Salvadori, Ibis, 1879, p
319 6 ; 1881, p. 606 \

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Holucche
pt. 1, p. 60.

5

1 Referred by Cassin to the genus Accipiter, and by Finsch to Astur.

3 This is an immature specimen brought from Lombok by Mr. Wallace, and marked
by him as a female ; it measures, wing 10'20 inches, tarsus 2’50, middle toe s. u. 1'60,
and closely resembles in plumage the young male from Lombok described in Mr.
Sharpe’s Cat. p. 128, footnote. “ l-35 ” there given as the length of the tarsus in that
specimen is probably a misprint for “ 2-35.”

3 Here figured as “ Nisua torquatus.”

1 “Astur sharpii ” of Ramsay ( nec Oustalet) is probably not specifically distinct from
Urospizias torquatus ; but a further comparison of specimens is desirable.

5 Count Salvadori here refers to a specimen brought by P6ron from Western Aus-

38

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

UROSPIZIAS.

Species

18. approximans ....
( Vig. et Horsf.), pp.
126 & 1271.

1875, 365

468

1881, 261

to 263

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 17 \

E. L. and E. L. C. Layard,
Ibis, 1882, p. 499 2.

23

Genus 14.

ACCIPITER.

Species

1. cirrhocephalus

( Vieill.), p. 141.

1875, 468

475

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 19 s.

Sharpe on Collections of Dr.
Meyer, p. 354.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e dello Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 67.

10'

2. erythrauchen, Gray

p. 145.

„ 468

475

Schlegel, Talk Vogels, pi.

13. figs. 1, 3, & 4 s.
Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e dello Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 68.

2

3. rubricollis, Wall. . .
p. 144.

„ 475

1882, 128

Wallace, P.Z.S. 1863, p. 21,
pi. 4.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche, pt.
1, p. 69, and pt. 3, p. 509.

2

tralia and preserved in the Paris Museum ; I know of no other authentic record of the
occurrence of this species in Australia, unless it was a bird of this species on which
Mr. Gould founded his “ Astvr cruentus."

1 Mr. Gould refers this species to the genus Astur. I now consider his Astur
cruentus ” to be a synonym of Urospizias approximans, or possibly, though less pro-
bably, of U. torquatus.

2 Messrs. Layard, in this article, express their opinion that the race of U. approximans
inhabiting the Loyalty Islands is subspecifically distinct; additional specimens are
desirable before this point can be satisfactorily decided.

3 There figured as “ Accipiter torquatus .”

1 One of these specimens is from South-eastern New Guinea.

5 Professor Schlegel, here and elsewhere, uses the generic term "Nisus in preference
to that of "Accipiter."

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OR FRET.

39

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

dumber
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Vluseum.

Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc.
N. S. Wales, vol. iv. pp.
465, 4921.

4. rhodogaster

(Schleg.), p. 14&.

Subspecies

1863, 450
1875, 471

484

1882,452

453

Scblegel, Yalk Yogels, pp.

21, 60, pi. 12. figs. 5 & 6.
Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc.
vol. viii. p. 109, pi. 11
(immature) 2.

3

a. sulaensis * (Schley.) .
p. 146.

1875, 484

Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pp.
26, 64, pi. 16. figs. 3 & 4.

O

Species

5. virgatus3 ( Temm .). .

p. 150.

Subspecies

„ 468

471
480
to 482

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 109 4.

Sharpe, Stray Feathers,
vol. viii. p. 440.

J. H. G. Stray Feathers,
vol. viii. p. 444.

Hume, Stray Feathers,
vol. ix. p. 231.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 26.

Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 365.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 182®.

15

a. affinis6, Hodgs

p. 1517.

1

„ 481“

482°

Catalogue of Nepalese Birds
coUected by B. H. Hodg-
son, Zool. Miscellany,
June 1844, p. 81.

Sharpe, Stray Feathers,
vol. viii. p. 440 7.

J. H. G. Stray Feathers
vol. viii. p. 443°.

Hume, Stray Feathers
vol. ix. p. 231°.

5

1 The species for which Mr. Ramsay has here proposed the name of “Ast.iur bra-
chyurus” appears to me, from his description, to be identical with Accipiter rubricollis.
Conf. Salvadori’s article in part 3 of his ‘ Orn. Papuasia’ above referred to, and entitled
“ Sp. 973. Accipiter (?) bractiyurus (Ramsay).”

2 This species is referred to by Lord Tweeddale as “ Teraspiza rbodogastra.”

3 See Appendix 0. 4 Here figured as “Falco virgatus.”

6 As to a specimen here mentioned, which I erroneously referred to Accipiter rhodo-
gaxter, see my correction of that error in the ‘ Ibis,’ 1876, p. 278.

“ As to this subspecies, see Appendix O.

7 Included by Mr. Sharpe amongst the synonyms of Accipiter virgatus.

8 Some of the specimens which I here referred to Accipiter virgatus and to Accipiter
gtdaris I now identify with Accipiter affinis, as to which see Appendix O.

9 Here referred to Accipiter gularis.

40

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Beferences

N umber

Nomenclature, with references

to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the

Miscellaneous Beferences.

of speci-
mens in

to Sharpe s Cat. vol. i.

‘Ibis’ (years

Norwich

and pages).

Museum.

ACCIPITER.

Subspecies

b. manillensis

Meyen, Beitr. p. 694, pi.

o

( Meyen ), p. 151 \

92.

Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1878,

Species

p. 938, pi. 573.

20

(3. nisoides, Bhjtli ....
p. 1511.

1863, 447

pi. 11 4

1875, 4815
482
to 484e
1880, 2176

Blyth, Jouru. As. Soc. of
Bengal, vol. xvi. p. 727.
Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 28;
1866, p. 240 (footnote) ;
1870, p. 158.

Temminck & Schlegel,r aun .

Japon., Aves, p. 5, pi. 2~.
Swinhoe, Ibis, 1874, p. 430 6.
Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1878,

p. 9386.

Sharpe, Stray Feathers,

vol. viii. p. 442 8.

|7. hartlaubi (Verr.) ..

1875, 471

Dubois, Revue et Mag. de

38

p. 150, pi. 6. fig. 2.

to 473

Zoologie, 1874, p. 1, pi. 4.

is. minullus ( Baud .) . .

1868, 144

Levaillant, Ois. d’Afrique,

17

p. 140.

1875, 471

p. 140, pi. 34 9.

to 473

Andersson, Birds of Damara

Land, p. 31.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 23.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola

p. 20.

Subspecies

Shelley, P.Z.S. 1882, p. 305

a. erythropus ( Lfcirtl. ),
p. 141.

„ 471

472

Schlcgel, Notes from tin
Leyden Museum, vol. iii

O

p. *57.

1 Included Dy JVir. onarpe aiuuugnu ™ j-T —

and as to this subspecies generally, see Appendix O.

- Here referred to the genus I\isus. „

3 Here figured under the name of "Accipiter stevensom. . , ..

4 Here described and figured under the name of “ Accipiter stevensom , the type of

whit'li is ^reserved in the Norwich Museum. . . , .

= Here referred to “ Accipiter gularis 0 Here referred to "Accipiter stevensom.

7 Here described and figured under the name of “ Astur (hzsus) gularn.

» LeTaillantSheree<figures this Hawk, in the immature plumage, under the name of
“ Le Minule.”

list of diurnal birds of prey.

41

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References

to J. H. Gh’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

dumber
of speci-
mens in
Sf orwich
Museum.

Species

9. subniger ( Vieill.)1 . .
p. 139.

1

L875, 471

472

Gray's Genera, yoI. i. p. 29,
pi. 10.

Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidte, p. 1251.

8

10. collaris (Kaujo) ■ ■
p. 144.

„ 470

471

Sclater, Ibis, 1860, p. 147,
pi. 6.

Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 321.
Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidse, p. 127.

1

11. nisus (Linn.), p. 132

„ 479

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i.

p. 88.

Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar,
p. 36.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 138.

Scully, Stray Feathers, vol.
iv. p. 122.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 599, pis. 355,
356, 357, 358.

Rrjevalsky, Rowley’s Orn.
Misc. vol. ii. p. 153.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 25.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 27.

Biddulpb, Ibis, 1881, p
41.

Seebohm’s British Birds
vol. i. p. 135.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 181.

56

Skel. 3

1 Mr. Ridgway applies to this Hawk the specific name “ superoiliosus,” but at the
same time explains, very clearly, that neither the description given by Lin minis of
his “ Valeo swperciliosus" nor that by Latham of his “ Valeo tinus ’’ (the name used by
Mr. Sharpe) agrees accurately with the present species, and that it is therefore safest
to have recourse to Yieillot’s specific name “ subniger,” which I have here adopted.

Mr. Ridgway refers this and the succeeding species to tho “ subgenus Eieraspizias ; ”
but all others which I havo included in Accipiter and Cooperastur he comprises under
the generic term “ Nisus.”

42

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

Eeferences
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

ACCIPITER.

Subspecies

a. melanoschistus . .

Hume , p. 132, footnote

Species

1875, 479

Hume, Ibis, 1869, p. 356.
Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 26.
Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 41 ;
1882, p. 269.

2

12. madagascarien-
sis, Ven\, p. 143.

„ 468

(footnote)
484

Hilne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. i. p. 106, vol. ii.
pis. 35 & 36.

1

13. ovampensis’, Gum.

„ 366

to 370
pi. 6
468
478

3

14. fuscus ( Gmel .) ....

„ 470

Audubon, Birds of America,

31

p. 135.

475

pi. 374.

Grayson, Memoirs Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. ii.
p. 298.

Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Ealconidae, pp. 94,
110.

Skel.l

15. fringilloides * . . . .

Vig., p. 135 (footnote).

Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Ealconidae, pp. 95,
117.

O

16. hawaii *, Dole . . . .

Dole, Hawaian Annual,
1879, p. 43.

Dole, Ibis, 1880, p. 241.

O

17. chionogaster . . . .

( Kaup ), p. 148.

1875, 476

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 27, pi. 14.
Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidae, pp. 95,
122.

5

1 Since this species was described from specimens obtained in Ovampo Land, the
British Museum has acquired one from the Zambesi; and I have seen another, in
private hands, which was believed to havo been brought from Natal.

LIST 03? DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

43

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. Gt.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

18. erythrocnemis . .

Gray, p. 147.

11

19. salvini ( Riclcj .)

1875, 476

477

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 33, pi. 17.
ltidgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidae, pp. 95,
118.

2

Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidae, pp. 95,
121.

O

20. ventralis, Sclcit. . .
p. 149.

1875, 477

478

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 25, pi. 13.

Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 325.
ltidgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidae, pp. 95,
120.

13

21. nigroplumbeus’ * ?

Lawr., p. 149.

„ 478

Lawrence, Ann. Lye. H.

York, vol. ix. p. 270.
Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 325.
Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidae, pp. 95,
122.

O

22. rufiventris, Smith,
p. 148.

„ 478

479

Smith, HI. of Zoology of S.

Africa, Aves, pi. 93.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 22.

11

23. melanoleucus ....

Smith, p. 156.

„ 473

474

Smith, 111. of Zoology of S.

Africa, Aves, pi. 18.
Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 241 ;

1861, p. 13,5.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 25.

11

Subgenus A.

COOPERASTUR2.

Species

1. pileatus ( Temm .) . .
p. 153.

„ 469

Temminck, PI. Col. pi.
205 2.

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 170 2.

6

1 Referred by Mr. Sharpe to Accvpiter vcntralis.

2 Neither Mr. Sharpe nor tho authors of ‘Exotic Ornithology’ admit tho subgenus
Cooperastur as distinct from Accipiter ; Tomtninck merges both in Falco.

44

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

I

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

COOPERASTUR.

Species

2. bicolor ( Vieill.) ....
p. 154. .

1875, 469

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. pp. 137, 170, pi. 69.

io

3. poliogaster(2,emm.)1

p. 120.

„ 357

1881, 258

259

Pemminck, PI. Col. pi. 264.
Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. de
Zool. 1S54, p. 538.

o

4. cooperi (Ron.), p. 137

1875, 469

470

Audubon, Birds of America,
pis. 36 & 141. fig. 32.

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 170.

Grayson, Memoirs Boston
Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii.
p. 298.

Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Phi-
ladelphia, 1875, p. 78.

14

5. gundlachii* ( Lawr .),
p. 137 (footnote).

„ 469

>

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 170.

Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Phi-
ladelphia, 1875, p. 86.
Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidae, p. 104.

O

6. gnttatus ( Vieill.) . .
p. 152.

„ 469

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. pp. 169, 170, pi. 85

l3

7. chilensis (Phil.) . .
p. 155.

„ 469

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. pp. 73, 170, pi. 37

5

8. pectoralis, Bon.* . .
p. 1211.

/

„ 356

357
„ 469

1881, 259

Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 313
pi. 10.

Y.Pelzeln, Ibis, 1862, p.194
Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 170.

Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 321.

1

j

1 Referred by Mr. Sharpe to the genus Astur.

2 Figured by Audubon as “ Falco stanleyii.”

3 The original of the figure in 1 Exotic Ornithology.’

4 The type specimen which, when it was described by Bonaparte, was in the Museum
at Antwerp was subsequently removed to that of Brussels.

LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OP PREY.

45

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
STorwich
Museum.

Genus 15.

ERYTHROTRIORCHIS.

Species k

1. radiatus (Lath.) . .
p. 1591.

Genus 16.

MEGATRIORCHIS.

1875, 364

1876, 65

66

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 16 2.

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p.
337.

2

Species

1. doriae, Salv. § d’Alb.

Subfamily 8.
TURASAETIN2E.

1877, 435

to 437

1878, 873

Salvadori et D’ Albertis,
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vol.
vii. p. 85.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 41.

O

Genus 1.

MORPHNUS.

Species

1. guianensis (Baud.),

p. 222.

1877, 435

1878, 86

Pr. Maximilian, Beitriige,
vol. iii. p. 904.

Lesson, Traite, p. 51, pi. 11.
fig. 24.

Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidas, p. 149.

2

2. tseniatus, Gum. .

1879, 173

to 176
pi. 3

O

1 Here referred by an accidental oversight to the genus Urospieias.

2 Mr. Gould refers this species to the genus Astur.

3 A specimen of this tine Hawk has been recently acquired by the British Museum ;
judging from this example, it seems to me that Mcgatriorckis approaches most nearly to
the Australian genus Erythrotriorchis.

4 Prince Maximilian applies to this species the title of “ Falco guianmsis Lesson
that of “ Morphnus crislalus."

46

LIST or DITOUAL BIRDS OP PKEY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 2.

HARPYOPSIS.

Species

1. novae-guineae, Salv.

Genus 3.

THRASAETUS.

1877, 435
436

1878, 87

Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Gen. vol. vii. p. 682.

Salvadori, Orn. della Tapu-
asia e delle Holucche,
pt. 1, p. 40, and pt. 3,
p. 507.

Sharpe on Collections of
Dr. Meyer, p. 355, pi. 28.

D’ Albertis, New Guinea,
vol. i. p. 278, fig.

1

Species

1. harpyia (Linn.) ....
p. 224.

1877, 434

435

1878, 86

87

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 14 \
D’Orbigny, Voyage Ois.

p. 811.

Tschudi, Fauna Peruana
Orn. p. 96 k

Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidae, p. 145.

4

Subfamily 9.
AQUILINaE2.
Genus 1.

SPIZAETUS.

Species

1. coronatus (Linn.)..

p. 266.

1877, 423

434

1861, 129

130

Smith, 111. of Zoology of S.
Africa, Aves, pis. 40 &
413.

2

Skel.l

1 Temminck refers to this species under the name of “ Falco destructor , D Orbigny
under that of “ Harpy ia destructor" and Tschudi under that of “ Morphnus harpy ia.

2 In my Notes I have referred all the “Hawk -Eagles, both those with bare and those
with feathered tarsi, to the subfamily Thrasaetinse, but I now think it more convenient
to place all those genera in which the tarsus is wholly feathered m the subfamily
Aquilinse ; the gradation from Thrasaetus to Aquila is a very gradual one as regards all

other characters. ,

3 Plate 40 represents the immature plumage, and plate 41 the adult, but botn are
incorrectly inscribed in this respect. Sir A. Smith refers this species to the genus Aquila.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

47

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

\

1868,139
1877, 423

434

Ayres, Ibis, 18611, p. 129 ;
1863, p. 331.

Layard, Ibis, 1869, pp. 71,
362.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 39.

JDu Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 31.

2. tyrannus (Mate.) . .
p. 264.

„ 423

434

Pr. Maximilian, Beitrage,
vol. iii. p. 78 2 3.
Temminek, PI. Col. pi.
73 2.

Leotaud, Ois. de la Trinidad,

p. 122.

Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S.
1873, p. 302.

5

3. ornatus (Daucl.) ....

p. 262.

Genua 2.

LIMNAETUS \

„ 423

434

Vieillot et Oudart, Gal. des
Ois. pi. 21.

Leotaud, Ois. de la Trinidad,

p. 10.

Lawrence and Sumickrast,
Birds of S.W. Mexico, in
Bull. TJ. S. Mus. no. 4,
p. 38.

5

Species

1. nipalensis (Hodg.),
p. 267.

„ 431

432

Hodgson, J. A. S. Bengal,
vol. v. p. 229, pi. 7.

64

1 The monkey referred to in this note, as killed by a female Spizaetus coronatus, was
a specimen of Cercopithecus lalandii.

2 Described by L6otaud as Spizaetus braccata. Prince Maximilian refers to this
species and the next under the generic term of Faloo, which Temminek also uses.

3 As to Limna'etus africanits of Cassin, soe my footnote to Nisaetus spilogastcr. In
Mr. Sharpe’s volume the genus Limna'etus is merged in that of Spizaetus, as it also has
been by most of the authors whom I have quoted.

4 One of these specimens is that from Japan, referred to in the P.Z. S. 1880, p. 07,
under the name “ Spizaetus orientalis," under which name this species is figured in the
‘ Fauna Japonica.’ Hodgson figures it as “ Nisaetus nipalensis."

48

LIST OF DITJRNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Slumber
of speci-
mens in
N’orwich
Museum.

LIMNAETUS.

1. nipalensis ( con-
tinued).

Subspecies

Tcmminck and Schlcgel,
Pauna Japon. Aves, p. 7,
pi. 31.

Radcliffe, Falconry, p. 32.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 37.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 11.

a. kelaarti ( Legge ) ....
Species

Legge, Ibis, 1878, p. 201.
Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p.
51, pi.2

2

2. cirrhatus ( Gmel .) . .
p. 269.

1877, 429

430

1878, 86

Vidal, Stray Feathers, vol.
ix. p. 30.

Davidson, Stray Feathers,
vol. x. p. 288.

5

3. ceylonensis (Gmel.),
p. 269 3.

1877, 430

431

1878, 85

86

Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p.

55, ph, and p. 1209.
Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
vii. p. 5114.

Parker, Stray Feathers, vol.
ix. p. 476.

5

4. philippensis

(Gum.), p. 261 (foot-
note).

1877, 432

Ij. H. G. in Gould’s Birds of
Asia, pt. 15.

Walden, Tr. Z. S. vol. ix
p. 141, pi. 24 5 6.

Walden, P. Z. S. 1878, p
281.

2

1

2

3

See note 4 on p. 47.

One of the specimens in the Norwich Museum
Mr. Sharpe gives L. ceylonensis as a synonym

is figured on this plate.

of L. cirrhatus, but they are, in my

4 in the article7 above referred to Mr. Hume discusses the probable identity of his
L sphyiuc from Southern India, with L. ceylonensis. I have not seen the former, but,
Judging from Mr. Hume’s description, I have no doubt that it is identical with L. cey-

lonensis (conf. Sharpe’s Oat. p. 261, footnote). _ . . ,,

6 The specimen here figured is one of those in the Norwich Museum.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

49

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

Beferences
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous Beferences.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

5. alboniger (Blyth) . .
p. 271.

1877, 432

Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 15,
pi.1

3

6. caligatus (Raffi.) ■ .
p. 272.

„ 424

to 429

1882, 235

Temminck, PL Col. pi.
1272.

Cripps, Stray Feathers, vol.
vii. p. 246.

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p.
322.

Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p.
366.

io

Skel.l

7. horsfieldii ?, Vig. . .
p. 272 2.

1877, 424

to 429

Horsfield, Zool. ^Researches
in Java, pi. 36 3.

Cripps, Stray Feathers, vol.
vii. p. 246.

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p.
322.

5

8. andamanensis ....
( Tytl .), p. 260 (footnote).

„ 429

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
ii. p. 142, vol. iv. p.
280.

O

9. lanceolatus (Bon.) . .

p. 270.

„ 424

Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pi. 7.
figs. 2 & 34.

Tweeddale, Collected Works,
pp. 133, 208.

3

10. gurneyi (Gray)
p. 273.

„ 424

Schlegel, Y alk Y ogels , pp . 1 7
56, pi. 9.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche
pt. 1, p. 3.

25

1 The specimens figured by Mr. Gould are two of those in the Norwich Museum.

2 Mr. Sharpe treats L. caligatus and L. horsfieldii as one species under the name
“ Spizaetus limnaetus.” Temminck employs for the former the name of “ Falco niveus.”

There figured under the name “ Falco limnaetus .”

4 Figured under the name “ Spizaetus cirrhatus.”

5 One of these specimens is from S.E. New Guinea, the other from Batchian ; the
latter is the type specimen described and figured by the late Mr. G. B. Gray in the
P. Z. S. for 1860, p. 342, pi. 169. Mr. Gray’s article does not mention the Waigiou
specimen which Mr. Sharpe refers to as the type of this species.

H

50

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

1

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Vluseum.

Genus 3.

LOPHOTRIORCHIS1.

1877, 424

Species

1. kieneri (Sparr.). . . .
pp. 255, 458.

„ 424

432

433

St.-Hilaire in Rev. et Mag.

de Zool. 1845, pi. 35 2.
Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
ix. p. 273.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p.
43.

6

2. isidori ( Des Murs) . .
p. 256.

„ 424

433

434

Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pi.
I3.

Dubois, Acad. Roy. de Bel-
giquo Bull. 2nd series,
vol. xxxviii. no. 7, p. 1,
pis. 1 & 23.

2

Genus 4.

L0PH0AETUS.

Species

1. occipitalis ( Daud .),
p. 274.

„ 422

423

Levaillant, Ois. d’Afrique,
vol. i. p. 8, pi. 24.

Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p
238 4. .

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 41.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola
p. 32.

5

Skel.l

1 In my Notes I expressed a doubt as to the propriety of separating this genus from
Limnaetus, but I now think that they may properly be separated, especially on the
ground of the greater proportionate space between the tips of the secondaries and those
of the primaries in Lophotriorchis as compared with Limnaetus. As to a supposed
third species of this genus, see my footnote under the head of NisaMus spilogaster.

2 There figured under the name “Astur kieneri'.' ,

* Des Murs figures this species under the name of “ Aqnila istdori ; Dubois under

that of “ Spizactus devil lei." , ., .

< Le Vaillant designates this species “ Le Huppard. In Mr. Ayres s note it is

referred to the genus Spizaetus.

LIST OF DIURNAL 11 HUM OR PEB1'.

5L

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

N umber
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 5.

NEOPUS.

Species

1. malayensis (Tekim.),

p. 257.

1877, 423

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp. 8,
49, pi. 3. figs. 1, 21.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 32.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p.
47.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 6.

5

Genus 6.

SPIZIASTUR.

Species

1. melanoleucus ....

( VieiU, ), pp. 258, 458.

„ 422

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 79 2.
Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S.
1864, p. 369.

3

Genus 7.

NISAETUS.

Species

1. bellicosus ( Baud .) .
p. 265 3.

„ 419

1861, 129
1877, 421

422

Smith, 111. of Zoology of S.

Africa, Aves, pi. 42 3.
Andersson, Birds of Damara
Land, p. 83.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 40 3.

3

2. fasciatus ( VieiU.) . .
p. 250.

„ 419

420

Radcliffe, Falconry, p. 31 ‘.
Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 334.

6

Skel.l

1 Here referred to the genus Aquila.

3 This species is figured by Temminck under the name “ Falco atricapillus.”

1 Mr. Sharpe includes 1 Visaetus bellicosus in the genus Spizaetus ; by Sir A. Smith
it is referred to Aquila ; and by myself, in the ‘Birds of Damara Land,’ to Psen-
daetus.

1 Referred to by Ool. Radcliffe as “ Eutolmaetns bonelli,” and by Mr. Hume as
“ I’fcuda'etus bondin''

52

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

*

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

NISAETUS.

2. fasciatus ( continued ).

Irby, Birds of Gibraltar,
p. 40.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 131.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 575, pi. 351.
fig. 1, pis. 352, 353.

3. spilogaster (Boa.) . .
p. 252.

1862, 149

to 151
pi. 4’

1864,356’

1877, 421

1878, 84

Midler, Ois. d’Afr. pi. 1’.
Sclater, Ibis, 1864, p.3031 * *.
Andersson, Birds of Damara
Land, p. 71.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 38.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,
p. 29.

8

Skel.l

4. pennatus (Gmel.) ..
p. 253.

'

1877, 419
1882,455

Irbv, Orn. of Gibraltar,
p. 45.

Bureau, Assoc. Frangaisc
pour l’Avancement des
Sciences, vol. iv. pi. 13.

Ibis, 1877, p. 245 (editorial
note on the above).

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 481, pis. 336 &
337.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 37.

Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 420.

12

1 Muller's figure is inscribed “ Spizaetus zo-nurus." The immature specimen figured
under the incorrect appellation of “ Spizaetus ayresii” in the ‘Ibis’ for 1862 is one of
those in the Norwich Museum ; the type specimen of “ Lophotriorchis lucani ” of Sharpe
and Bouvier, which is preserved in the British Museum, also seems to me to be a young
Nisaetus spilogaster, and apparently a male. Limnaetus africanus of Cassin appears
to me, from his description of the type specimen preserved in the Philadelphia Museum,
to be founded on an old male of Nisaetus spilogaster, with which the description given
agrees very well, except that the length of the wing is quoted as 14 inches, whereas the
usual wing-measurement in the male of N spilogaster is about 16 inches ; but, on the

other hand, Mr. Layard, in the first edition of the ‘Birds of South Africa,’ p 14, men-

tions a male in which the wing only measured 13 inches. I cannot agree with Sharpe s
view (vide Cat. p. 260, footnote) that Limnaetus africanus is founded on Aqmla wahloergi.
In the ‘ Ibis ’ for 1864, Nisaetus spilogaster was referred by Dr. Sclater and myself to

the genus Spizaetus ; in editing the 4 Birds of Damara Land,’ 1 referred it to Pseuda'etus.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF l’REY.

53

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

— IV

Miscellaneous References.

dumber
of speci-
mens in
N orwich
Museum.

•

5. morphnoides ....
(Gould), p. 254.

1

1877, 419

420

1882,454

455

•

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 21.

Ramsay, P. Z. 8. 1875, p.
578.

Sharpe, Journ. of Linn.
Soc. Zool. vol. xvi. p.
424.

Salvadori, Orn. della Pa-
puasia e delle Molucche,
pt. 3, p. 504.

3

Genus 8.

AQUILA.

Species

1. chrysaetus (Linn.) .
p. 235.

1866, 421

422

1877, 210

to 215

Audubon, Birds of Ame-
rica, pi. 1812.

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i.
p. 11.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p.
31 42.

Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar,
p. 39.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 533, pi. 345.

Scully, Stray Feathers, vol.
iv. p. 123.

David et Oustalet, Ois. dc
la Chine, p. 7.

Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p
41.

Seebohm, British Birds, p
96.

12

Skel.l

1 Mr. Gould referred this species to the genus Aquila.

2 Audubon uses for this species the name of “Falco clirysaetos," and Messrs. Baird,
Brewer, and Rid g way that of “ Aquila chrysaetus, var. canadensis .”

3 One of these specimens is that killed at Skerme, near Driffield, in December 18(11,
and recorded in the ‘Zoologist’ for 1862, p. 7880; it was presented to the Norwich
Museum by Mr. Francis Hoare. It is remarkablo that this species should be so rare as
it is in England, notwithstanding its not unfrequent occurrence in Scotland.

54

LIST OK DIURNAL BIRDS OK PREY.

*

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

Beferences
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous Beferences.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

AQUILA.

Subspecies

a. barthelemyi, Jaub.
p. 2361.

1864,339

340

1877, 211

215

Jaubert et Barthelemy-La-
pommeraie, Richesses
Orn.duMididela France,
p. 34, pi. 2.

Murie, P. Z. S. 1870, p.

2

Species

2. verreauxi, Less. . .
p. 234.

„ 210

SO.

Des Murs in Lefebvre’s Voy.

en Abyssinie, p. 49, pi. 4.
Andersson, Birds of Damara
Land, p. 5.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 33.
Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 285.

4

3. adalberti, BreJim . .
p. 239.

1873, 98

99

1877, 216

„ 218
to 221

Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar,
p. 39.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 517, pis. 342,
343 (left figure).

5

4. mogilnik ( Gmel .) . .
p. 238 a.

1873, 99
1877, 215

to 218

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 521, pi. 343
(right figure), pi. 344.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 27.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 8.

12

Skel.l

5. nipalensis, Hodg. . .
p. 2402.

1873, 422

423

1877, 221

to 224

Gray and Hardwieke, 111. of
Ind. Zool. vol. i. pi.
173.

10

1 Mr. Sharpe includes A. barthelemyi amongst the synonyms of A. chrysa'etus. I

consider it a separable race, subspecifically distinct, but only distinguishable when in
full plumage, in which state the remarkable white feathers at the junction of the body
and the wings are an unmistakable peculiarity, and curiously similar to the corre-
sponding feathers in Nisaetus pennatus. M. David speaks of having seen in China
Golden Eagles with white feathers “ aux epaules,” and Mr. Seebohm of having heard
of such an Eagle in Scotland (see the references to these authors under the head of
Aquila chrysa'etus). „ .

2 Mr. Sharpe applies to this Eagle the specific name of “ heliaea, and to A. nipa-
lensis that of “ mogilnik." _

3 A. nipalensis is figured by Gray and Hardwieke under the specific name “ oijas-

ciata.”

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRF.Y.

55

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Subspecies

a. orientalis ?, Cab. . .
p. 241.

\

1873, 422

423

1877, 221

to 224

Alleon, Rev. et Mag. de
Zool. 1866, p. 273, pi.
201.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 507, pi. 340 2.

Meuzbier, Orn. Geography
of Russia, pt. 1, pis. 5, 6,
7 {vide Ibis, 1883, p. 105).

7

b. amurensis ?, S win. 3 4

p. 241.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1871, p.
338.

Prjevalsky in Rowley’s Orn.
Misc. vol. ii. p. 144.

O

6. rapax ( Temm.y ,
p. 242.

1877, 224

to 230
233
235

Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 2385 ;

1878, p. 281.

Lilford, Ibis, 1865, p. 173,
pi. 55.

Andersson, Birds of Damara
Land, p. 6®.

66 * 8

Skel.l

1 Here figured as “ Aquila mogilnik.”

2 Figured by Mr. Dresser, from Volga specimens, under the name “Aquila nipa-
lensis.”

3 Neither Mr. Sharpe nor Mr. Dresser have separated A. orientals and A. amurensis
from A. nipalensis ; but I am disposed to think that they merit subspecific separation
as distinguishable, though very closely allied, races. The first (very unfortunately
named) is the Western form, which seems to constitute a decidedly smaller race than
the more Eastern A. nipalensis of Northern India ; the second is only represented (as
regards the museums of Great Britain) by a single specimen from Amuria (the type),
now in the possession of Mr. Seebohm, who acquired it as a part of the collection left
by the late Mr. Swinhoe ; it is larger than any Indian example that I have examined ;
but whether this excess of size is due to an individual peculiarity, or, as seems more
probable, is characteristic of the Amurian race, can only be ascertained by the acquisition
and comparison of additional specimens. If the Amurian race is distinct, it will

frobably be the same as the Mongolian, referred to by Col. Prjevalsky in the passage
have cited, under the name of “ Aquila bifasciata."

4 In September 1882 I saw, at the Zoological Society’s Gardens in the Regent’s Park,

an adult A. rapax, said to have been obtained in Bulgaria, which was precisely similar

to two African adults in the same cage.

8 The specific name “ navioidcs ” is here used.

8 One of these specimens is that figured in immature plumage in the ‘ Ibis’ for 1865,
pi. 5, and is remarkable for having lived in confinement from 1864 to 1873 without
assuming the adult dress; it was presented, when it died, by Lord Lilford to the
Norwich Museum.

56

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. Gr.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

AQUILA.

6. rapax ( continued ) . .

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 513, pi. 341.
Taylor, Ibis, 1880, p. 143.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 35.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,

p. 26.

Subspecies

a. albicans, Biipp

p. 2421.

1877, 224

to 220
230
to 236

Riippell, Neue Wirbel. p. 34,
pi. 13.

Blanford, Geol. and Zool. of
Abyssinia, p. 295 \

4

Species

7. vindhiana, Frankl. .
p. 243.

„ 225

234
to 236

Gray and Hardwicke, 111.

Ind. Zool. vol. i. pi. 162.
Eume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 29.

6

8. fulvescens, Gray .-.
p. 244*.

„ 225

325
to 329

Gray and Hardwicke, 111.
Ind. Zool. vol. i. pi. 29.

1

9. clanga, Pall p. 248

l

„ 329

to 333

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i.

p. 20s.

Brooks, Strav Feathers, vol.
iii. p. 312s.

Hume, Nests and Eggs oi
Indian Birds, p. 285.
Dresser, Birds of Europe
vol. v. p. 499, pi. 339.
Prjevalsky, Rowley’s Orn
Misc. vol. ii. p. 145.

17

1 Neither Mr. Sharpe nor Mr. Blanford separate A. albicans from A. rapax.

2 Here figured under the name of Ayuila punctata.

3 Mr. Sharpe does not separate this species from A. vindhiana, but I consider that it
is unquestionably distinct.

4 See Appendix D.

1 The specific name “ ncevia ' is here used.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

57

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

Deferences
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Subspecies

a. pomarina1, Brekm ,
p. 246.

1

1877, 329

to 331
333

Brooks, Stray Feathers, vol.
iv. p. 269.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 491, pi. 338.

9

Species

10. hastata (Less.) ....
p. 248.

„ 329

331
333

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 31.

A. Anderson, P. Z.S. 1875,
p. 23, pi. 32.

Brooks, Stray Feathers, vol.
iv. p. 270.

5

11. wahlbergi, Sund. ..
p. 245.

„ 333

J. H. G. Trans. Zool. Soc.

vol. iv. p. 366, pi. 773.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 36.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,

p. 28.

Shelley and Ayres, Ibis,
1882, p. 238.

io

Skel.l

Genus 9.

UROAETUS.

Species

1. audax (LcUh.), p. 231

1860, 1714 5
1862, 208'1
1877, 210

Gould, Birds of Australia
vol. i. pi. i.6

4

Skel.l

1 Mr. Sharpe applies to this Eagle the specific name of “ maculata" ; in my Notes I
used that of “ rvjvnuchalis” ; but Mr. Dresser’s subsequent investigations, as detailed in
his work on the ‘ Birds of Europe,’ appear to me to prove that the correct specific
name is “ pomarina.’’

2 The late Mr. A. Anderson wrote thus to me in June 1877 : — “I think you will find
that a constant peculiarity in A. hastata is the buff wing-lining, especially at the carpal
joint, in all stages of plumage ; every A. hastata (some thirty at least) that I have seen
is buff under the wings.”

3 There figured under the specific name “ desmwrsi.”

4 The specimen referred to in these Notes laid two eggs, in addition to those there
mentioned, one on 26th February, the other on 3rd March 1865.

5 Here described under the name of “ Aquila fucosa."

I

58

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREU.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Subfamily 10.
HALIAETINJE.
Genus 1.

THALASSAETUS.
Species
1. pelagicus (Pall.)
p. 306*.

Genus 2.

HALIAETUS.

Species

albicilla (Linn.)
p. 302.

Subspecies

a. hypoleucus ?* .

Stejneger.

Species

leucocephalus

(Linn.), p. 304.

1878, 452

452

1868,129

1303

1878, 452

453

Temminck, PL Col. pi. 489
(adult)2.

Temminck and Schlegel,
Fauna Japon. Aves, p,
11, pi. 4 (immature)1.
David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 13 L

1878, 453

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i. p.
25.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 551, pis. 347,
348.

Prjevalsky, Rowley’s Orn
Misc. vol. ii. p. 146.
Seebohm’s British Birds
vol. i. p. 87.

Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat
Mus. 1883, p. 90 4.

Audubon, Birds of America
pi. 315.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg
way, Land Birds of N
America, vol. iii. p. 326.
Saunders, Ibis, 1883, p. 350

19

Skel. 3

6

Skel. 1

1 Here referred to the genus Halia'etm.

2 Here figured under the designation of “ Falco leucopterus.”

3 One of the specimens mentioned in this note survived till the summer of 1882, the
other having died some years previously; both were typical males, and are preserved in
the Norwich Museum.

* Described from a female, not fully adult, obtained at Bering Island. See also
‘Ibis,’ 1884, p. 109. ” * Here referred to the genus Falco.

LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

59

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

3. vocifer ( Dciud .) ....
p. 310.

1

1859, 239
1878, 453

Des Murs, Icon. Orn. p. 8.
Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 238 ;
1862, p. 36; 1877, p.
340.

Y. Heuglin, Orn. N.O.-
Afrika’s, p. 53.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 46.

7

Skel.l

4. vociferoides, Des

Murs, p. 311.

1869,449
1878, 453

454

Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pi. 7.
Milne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
yol. i. p. 24, vol. ii. pis. 9,
9a, 9a Sis.

Head

and

foot

only.

5. leucoryphus {Pall.).
p. 308.

„ 454

455

Irby, Zoologist, yoI. xv. p.
5353.

Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 222 h
Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 45 \
SeYertzoff, Ibis, 1875, p.

99; 1883, p. 53.

Scully, Stray Feathers, yoI.
iv. p. 124.

Danford, Ibis, 1878, p. 3 ;
1880, p. 92.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
yoI. v. p. 545, pi. 346.
Pijevalsky, Rowley’s Orn.

Misc. yoI. ii. p. 148 h
Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 200.

4-

6. leucogaster ( Gmel .).
p. 307.

1862, 36
1882, 235

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 32.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 48.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 67.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche
pt. 1, p. 7 3.

6

1 The specific name “ macci" is here used.

2 Hero figured under the title “ Ichthyaetus leucogast.cr."

3 Here referred to the genus Concuma.

60

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. II. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
}f speci-
mens in
Norwich
tluseuin.

HALIAETUS.

6. leucogaster ( con-

tinued).

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 199.

Genus 3.

POLIOAETUS.

1878, 455

Species

I. ichthyaetus(7/ors/.),

p. 452.

”

to 457

Schlegel, Talk Yogels, pp.

13, 52, pi. 5. figs. 1, 2 \
Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 43.
Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p.
72.

4

2. plumbeus ( Hodgs .),
pp. 452, 4531 2 3.

„ 455

t o 457

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 43.

A. Anderson, P. Z. S. 1876,

p. 777, pi. 82.

3

Subspecies

a. humilis (Mull.
Schley.), p. 454.

„ 455

457

458

Schlegel, Yalk Vogels, pp.

13, 53, pi. 5. fig. 3 *.
Hume, Stray Feathers, vol
ix. p. 244.

2

Subfamily 11.
B U TEONINJE.

Genus 1.

ARCHIBUTEO3.

Species

1. lagopus 1 (Gmel.) .
p. 196.

1876, 372

to 375

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i. p
115.

12

Skel.l

1 Referred by Professor Schlegel to the genus Pandion. ,

2 Mr. Sharpe does not separate P. j plumbeus from P. ichthya'etus, though he on y
doubtfully unites them.

3 The genus Archibutco occupies an intermediate position between the smaller species
of the Aquiline genus Nisaetus and the Buzzards of the genus Buteo. I cannot agree
with the view taken by Mr. Seebohm, in his ‘ History of British Birds, vol. l. P- 1“, in
amalgamating the genera Aquila and Archibuteo, and styling the British species Aqui a
laoopus ; ” the latter, I may add, in Newton’s Yarrell, is referred to Buteo.

* Mr. Seebohm, in the ‘Ibis’ for 1883, p. 122, suggests that the oldest specific name

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREST.

61

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Vluseum.

\

Subspecies

a. sancti-johannis . .

( Gmel .), p. 197.

1876, 375

376

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 471, pis. 334,
335.

Seebohm, British Birds, vol.
i. p. 111.

Swainson and Richardson,
Fauna Bor.-Amer. pt. 2,
p. 52, pi. 28 h

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 304.

io

Species

2. ferrugineus (Ljcht.),
p. 199.

„ 376

Gray’s Genera, vol. i. pi.
62.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N
America, vol. iii. p. 300.

3

3. hemiptilopus1

Blyth, p. 199, pi. 7.
fig- 2.

„ 370

to 372

1879, 178

to 180

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol
iv. p. 369.

David et Oustalet, Ois. dc
la Chine, p. 20, pi. 7 3.

2

4. cryptogenys*? ..

Hoclgs., p. 199 \

1876, 370

to 372

Hodgson, Calcutta Journ
of Nat. Hist. vol. viii. p
94, pi. 3. fig. 1.

O

for the European Rough-legged Buzzard is “ norvegicus of Latham the names quoted
for this species in Latham’s ‘ General Synopsis,’ pt. 1, p. 75, are “ Falco norwegicus,
Leemius,” and “Falco lagopus, Briin. ; ” the ornithology of Briinnich, a binomial treatise,
was published in 1764, whilst the work of Leems bears the date of 1767 ; I therefore
submit that the specific name of lagopus is correctly used.

1 There figured as “ Buteo lagopus .”

2 There figured as “ Archihutco regalis.”

3 I have given, in my Notes, my reason for applying to this species the specific name
of hemiptilopus rather than that of strophiatus employed by Mr. Sharpe, and also by
Messrs. David and Oustalet; it is worthy of remark that in this species the character of
the scutellation on the back of the tarsus approaches nearer to that of the typical Buz-
zards than is the case in the American and European species of the genus Archibuteo.

'* Mr. Sharpe unites A. hemiptilopus and A. cryptogenys , and is perhaps right in
doing so, though I consider this a doubtful question, and have discussed it as such in
my Notes above referred to.

62

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
1 Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 2.

BUTEO.

Species

1. leucocephalus ....
Hodgs., pp. 182, 176,
pi. 8l.

1876, 369

370

Hodgson, P. Z. S. 1845, p.
37.

Temminck and Schlegel,
Fauna Japonica, Aves,
p. 18, pi. 71.

Prjevalsky, Rowley’s Orn.

Misc. vol. ii. p. 142 h
David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 19, pi. 9 *.

1

2. ferox2 (Gmel.)

367

Scully, Stray Feathers, vol.
iv. p. 124, and vol. viii.
p. 225.

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
iv. p. 362.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 463, pi. 333.

W ardlaw Ramsay, Ibis,
1880, p. 47.

Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p.
42.

Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 420.

17 3

p.'l76. '

368

Skel.l

3. menetriesi *, Bogd

Bogdanow, Tr. Soc. Kazan,
vol. viii. p. 45.

Seebohm, Ibis, 1883, p. 5.

O

1 The specimen figured by Mr. Sharpe is referred by him to “ Buteo ferox,” as to
which, and also as to my prosent use of the specific name of “ leucocephalus" in place
of that of “ hemilasius,” used by Mr. Sharpe and by the other authors above referred
to, except Mr. Hodgson, see Appendix E. Prjevalsky refers this species to the genus
Archibuteo.

2 See Appendix E.

3 One of these specimens was obtained by Canon Tristram at El Tart, on the eastern
frontier of Algeria, and is the most westerly example of this species with which I am
acquainted.

4 See Appendix E.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

63

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. Q-.’s
N otes in the
1 Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

4. plumipes1 ( Hodgs .),.
p. 180, pi. 7. fig. 1.

1

1876, 369

remminck and Schlegel,
Fauna Japon. pis. 6 &
6 b.

Jerdon, 111. Ind. Orn. pi.
272.

Scully, Stray Feathers, vol.
iv. p. 125, and vol. viii.
p. 225.

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
iv. p. 358, and vol. v.
p. 347.

J. H. G. Stray Feathers,
vol. v. p. 65.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 19.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p.
31.

Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 421.

26

5. desertorum3 (Baud.)

1862, 361

Levaillant, Jeune, Expl. de

29

p. 179.

to 363

1876, 366

367

l’Algerie, Oiseaux, pi. 34.

Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar,
p. 37.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Hambies
of a Naturalist, p. 142.

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol
x. p. 159.

J. H. G. Stray Feathers
vol. v. p. 65, and vol. x
p. 327.

Dresser, Birds of Europe
vol. v. p. 457, pi. 332.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 30.

Ayres, Ibis, 1880, p. 257.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola
p. 25.

1 See Appendix E with reference to “ B . plumipes," and to “ B. japonicus” of Tem-
minck and Schlegel as synonymous therewith.

2 There figured under the name “ But.eo nifiventer."

5 See Appendix E.

* There figured under the name “ Falco cvrtensis."

64

LIST OF NfRS.Vl. U1R\V< OF J'KVY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharped Oat. xoh i.

References Number

to J. H. G.'s of speei-

Noteeiuthe Miscellaneous Reteratces. mens in

•Ibis' (years Norwich

and pages). Museum.

<M. .

BUTEO.

Spades

6. vulgaris , L/r.ch ....

p. 186.

1876, 364 N owton's Tamil, vol. i. 16
365 p. 106. 8kel. 2

Irby. Orn. of Gibraltar,
j p. 3,.

J. H. Gurney, j un.. Rambles
of a Naturalist, pp. 76s.

14±

Dresser, Birds of Europe.

red. v. p. -tit*, pi. 331.

Seebohm. British Birvis.
vol. i. p. 117.

7. brachypterus, /*«■/;..
p. 183.

1869,440 Booh and Newton, Ibis. 6
1876, 365 1862, p. 266, pi. 8.

Mtlne-Kdwards et Grandi-
dier. Ois. de Madagascar,
red. i. p. 84, red. ii. ids.

22, 23. 26 v.

8. solitarius, fW

p. 452 ^footnote')*.

230 8elater.V.Z. 8. 1878. p.348*. O

231 J. H. G. 1\ Z. S. 1878, p.

:U8.

8elater. Report on Voyage'
of H.M.8. • Challenger,'

Zool. red. ii. part 8. p. 66.
id. 21.

J. H. G. Report on Voyage
of H.M.8. •Challenger,'

Zool. red. ii. part 8, p. 66.

6. auguralis, 8 V. . . .

p. 175* ^tootnoU'V

„ 467 Sharpes Layard. p. 26. 1

468 Du Bocago, Orn. d* Angola.

** I

1 See Appendix E.

- A rent *rks bie albino speoiaw here mentioned was
Norwich Museum-

5 There referred to as A«fav. ^ Avi.u-W*s.

presented by my sou to the

* The British Museum possesses a specimen of F»ttv «W,‘ from the Oatvvu.
whkh was inadxerteutly inserted in Mr. Sharpe's Catalogue as "Ail»wui)u»<

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FREY.

65

I Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. rol. i.

10. augur, Rupp.
pp. 175, 458.

11. jakal (Baud.) .
p. 173.

12. borealis ( Gmel .)

p. 188.

Subspecies

a. calurus, Cass*
p. 189.

1876, 467

to 469

References
to J. H. Gt.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

467

236
to 239

236
to 239
241

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Ruppell, Noue Wirb. \ bgel,
p. 38, pis. 16 & 171 2.
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 28.

Du Bocage, Ora. d’ Angola,
p. 24.

Du Bocage, 21st Portuguese
West African List, p. 2.

8

Levaillant, Ois. d’Afrique,
p. 73, pi. 16 3.

Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 240 ;
1860, p. 204; 1877, p.
340.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 26.

17

Skel.l

Audubon, Birds of America,
pi. 51.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. pp. 257,
282.

64

Baird, Cassin, and Law-
rence, Birds of N. Ame-
rica, p. 22, pi. 14.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. pp. 258,
286.

25

Skel.l

1 The birds figured by Ruppell on his pi. 17 under the name of ‘ Buteo ht/dropkilus”
appear to be immature specimens of B. augur.

2 In my Notes, above referred to, I adopted for this and the two preceding species
Sundevall’s subgeneric appellation of Bterolestes ; but I have not done so in this
list, as, after many attempts, I have found myself unable to arrange to my own satis-
faction a subgeneric division of the species which I have here placed together in the
genus Buteo\ at the Bame time I am very sensible that this aggregation of species com-
prises several more or less distinct natural groups, which might be appropriately repre-
sented by subgeneric divisions; as to two of these, see my note in the ‘ Ibis’ for 1876,
p. 76.

3 Levaillant calls this Buzzard “ Le Rounoir.”

4 One of these specimens is a nearly complete albino, presented by Mr. Edward
Newton, who obtained it in Jamaica.

8 In my notes on this species I have given my authority for using the specific name
of calurus rather than that of monlanus adopted by Mr. Sharpe.

K

66

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

N omenclature, with references
to Shai-pe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

BUTEO.

Subspecies

6. krideri*, Hoopes . .
p. 458.

1876, 239

Baird, Brewer, and Bidg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. pp. 258,
284.

o

c. lucasanus*, Rick/. . .
p. 458.

„ 239

Baird, Brewer, and Bidg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. pp. 258,
285.

o

Species

13. costaricensis ....
Jiiclg., p. 458.

„ 239

240

Baird, Brewer, and Bidg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. pp. 258,
285 (footnote).

1

14. socorroensis*

liidg.

Bidgway, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. vol. iii. p. 220 \

o

15. harlani (Aud.) . . .
p. 191.

1876, 240

241

Audubon, Birds of America,
pi. 86 2.

Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 314.
Baird, Brewer, and Bidg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. pp. 258,
292.

1

16. cooperi*, Cass. . .
p. 172 (footnote).

„ 241

242

Baird, Cassin, and Law-
rence, Birds of N. Ame-
rica, p. 31, pi. 16.

Baird, Brower, and Bidg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. pp. 258,
295.

o

1 There described under the title of “Buteo borealis ( socorrocnsis ),” as “ a species or
race” peculiar to the island of Socorro; Mr. Ridgway also mentions as probably
distinct the Buzzard inhabiting the island of Tres Marias.

4 Audubon refers both this species and B. borealis to the genus Falco.

list of DIURNAL BIRDS of prey.

67

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

17. lineatus ( Gmel .)

p. 191.

Subspecies

a. elegans, Cass.
p. 192\

Species

18. abbreviates, Cass.
p. 1631 2 3.

19. pennsylvanicus4

(Wife.), p. 193.

References
to J. H. Gr.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

1876, 232

233

Audubon, Birds of America,
pis. 56 & 71 b
Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of X.
America, vol. iii. pp. 257,
275.

3

Skel.l

„ 232

233

Baird, Cassin, and Law-
rence, Birds of X. Ame-
rica, p. 28, pi. 2 (adult),
pi. 3 (immature).

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of X.
America, vol. iii. pp. 257,
277.

2

„ 67

68

231

232

Sclater, Trans. Zool. Soc.

vol. iv. p. 263, pi. 59.
Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of X.
America, vol. iii. pp. 257,
2723.

Brewster, Bull. Xuttall
Orn. Club, vol. iv. p. 80.
Sclater, P.Z.S. 1883, p.348.

23

„ 233

231

Audubon, Birds of America,
pi. 91 4.

Cassin, Birds of California
&c. p. 100.

Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S.
1869, p. 129.

33

1 Audubon figured this speeies under the name of “ Falco hy emails.”

2 Mr. Sharpe does not separate Buteo elegans from B. lineatus ; as mentioned in my
notes, I consider them to be distinct.

3 One of those is the type of Buteo zonocercus, under which name this specimen has
been figured in the ‘ Transactions of the Zoological Society,’ vol. iv. pi. 59, and also in
Mr. Elliot’s work on ‘ New Birds of North America,’ vol. ii. pi. 33. The same specific
name is used by the authors of the ‘Land Birds of N. America.’ This species is
referred by Mr. Sharpe to Kaup’s genus Tachytriorchisi

1 Mr. 8harpe applies to this very Asturine Buzzard the specific name “ latiSsmus,”
as to which see my notes abovo referred to and the editorial footnote appended thereto;
also the late Mr. Classin’s note cited above. Audubon refers this Buzzard, as he does
others also, to the genus Falco.

68

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

1

BUTEO.

19. pennsylvanicus

( continued ).

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. pp. 256,
259.

Ridgway, on the Subgenus
Craxirex, p. 116.

Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 43.

20. swainsoni, Bon. . .

1876, 234

Swainson and Richardson,

7

p. 184'.

to 236

Faun. Bor.-Am. pt. 2,
p. 47, pi. 27 ( ? adult)1 2.

Cassin, Birds of California
&c. p. 198, pi. 31 (upper
figure immature, lower
melanistic)3, and p. 257,
pi. 41 (immature)4.

Baird, Cassin, and Law-
rence, Birds of N. Ame-
rica, p. 19, pi. 12 ( c?
adult), pi. 13 ( 2 adult),
and pi. 15. fig. 25.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N
America, vol. iii. pp. 256
263.

1 There called Buteo obsoletus.

2 There called Buteo vulgaris.

3 There called Buteo insignatus.

4 There called Buteo bairdii.

6 The specimen here figured is the type of Buteo oxyp terus, Cassin ; Mr. Rid g way,
in reply to an inquiry which I made respecting it, writes as follows : — “ It has been more
than ten years since'l saw the specimen in question ; but my recollection of it is that it
agreed very exactly with a specimen from Costa Rica and another from Buenos Ayres,
both in the National Museum collection, and both of which are unquestionably young
of typical B. swainsoni. I will not be positive as to the number of primaries emargi-
nated, but I am almost sure there were only three. The specimen is of rather small
dimensions, but I think not smaller than some young males of B. swainsoni, which
varies much in size, irrespective of locality, though, as a rule, southern specimens are
smaller than northern ones.”

list of diurnal birds of trey.

69

—

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

Eeferences
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
1 Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous Eeferences.

N umber
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Vluseum.

Ltidg’way, on the Snbgenus
Craxirex , p. 100.
Editorial note, Ibis, 1875,
p. 500.

1

1876, 69

D’Orbigny, Voyage, Ois.

o

D'Orb. et Lafr., p. 1721.

242

1

p. 109.

Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S.
1879, p. 637.

22. albicaudatus ....
Vieill., p. 1622.

„ 67

68
71
to 73
76

Temminck, PI. Col. pis. 56
& 139 2.

Ridgway, on the Subgenus
Craxirex , p. 98.

Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136 3.
Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p.
187.

Brewer, Ibis, 1878, p. 487.

18

23. hypospodius

Gum.

„ 73

to 76
pi. 3

Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S.
1877, pp. 487, 540.

3

24. pcecilochrous

Gum.

1879, 176

to 178

O

25. erythronotus . . . .

(King), p. 172.

1876, 68

69

76

D’Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p
106, pi. 3 k

Ridgway, on the Subgonm
Craxirex, p. 96.
Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 38
and 1878, p. 397.

13s

1 Mr. Sharpe gives Buteo unicolor as a synonym of B. erythronotus, respecting which
see my Notes.

2 This species is the type of Kaup’s genus Tachytriorchis, in which it is also placed
by Mr. Sharpe ; it is figured by Temminck as “ Fulco pterocles”

:l There spoken of as Buteo pterocles.

4 There figured under the specific name “ tricolor."

5 One of the specimens preserved in the Norwich Museum is tho type of Buteo
varius, Gould.

70

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

BUTEO.
Species

26. leucops?, Gray

p. 1701.

27. exsul, Salvin .

28. poliosomus

( Quoy et Gaim.'), p. 171.

29. galapagensis' . . .

(Gould), pp. 170, 457.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

1876, 69

76

„ 69

to 71
76

76

Genus 3.

ANTENOR.

1875, 234

Species

1. unicinctus3 ( Temm .)

„ 234

Temminck, PL Col. pi.

pp. 85, 456.

235

3133.

D’Orbignv, Voyage, Ois. p.
93 3.

Ridgway, Studios of Ame-
rican Falconidm, p. 161.
Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 411.

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

G. 11. Gray, List of Birds
in the British Museum
(1848), p. 36.

Salvin, Ibis, 1875, p. 371.

Quoy et Gaimard, Voyage
de l’Uranie, Zool. p. 92,
pi. 14.

Ridgway, on the Subgenus
Graxirex, p. 94.

Gould, Zool. of Voyage of
the ‘ Beagle,’ Birds, p. 23,
pi. 22.

Ridgway, on tho Subgenus
Graxirex , p. 93.

Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc.
vol. ix. p. 495.

1 Mr. Sharpe refers Buteo leucops to B. gcdapagensi% as to which see Appendix G.

2 Mr. Gould here proposed the genus Oraxirex, with this species for its type.

3 Mr. Sharpe treats A. unicinctus and A. harrisi as one and the same species :
Temminck refers the former, and Audubon the latter, to the genus Falco ; D Orbigny
the former to the genus Ast.ur.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

71

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

2. harrisi ( And. ), p. 85.

\

1875, 234

235

Audubon, Birds of America,
pi. 392.

Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 3291.

Grayson, Memoirs of Boston
Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii.
p. 299.

Ridgwav, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidge, pp. 162,
302.

3

Skel.l

Genus 4.

ONYCHOTES.

Species

1. gruberi, Ricly

p. 158 (footnote).

1876, 476
1881, 396

to 398
pi. 122

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 254.
Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidte, p. 135.

O

Genus 5.

BUTEOLA3.

Species

1. brachyura ( Vieill.)
pp. 1854, 201.

1876, 235

477
to 480

Sclater, Trans. Zool. Soc
vol. iv. p. 267, pi. 62.

Lawrence and Sumichrast,
Birds of S.W. Mexico, in
Bull, of U. S. Mus. no. 4,
p. 42 5 6.

Ridgway, Bull, of Nuttal
Orn. Club, vol. vi. p
207.

6

1

1 Here referred to as “ Craxirex unicinctus.”

2 By an unfortunate inadvertence the specific name of gruberi was here mispelled
“ grueberi.”

3 As to this genus, and in correction of my notes relating thereto, see Appendix If.

4 Mr. Sharpe here cites the melanistic phase, under the title of Buteo fuliginosus,

amongst the synonyms of B. swainsoni.

6 Here referred to under the name of Buteo minutus.

0 Of these specimens two are normal, one is partially melanistic, and three are
wholly so; one of these three is the type of Buteo fuliginosus, Sclater, and was figured
under that name in the ‘Transactions of the Zoological Society,’ as above referred to.

72

USX OP DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. toI. i.

BUTEOLA.

Species

2. leucorrhoa

( Quoy et Oaim.), p. 209 \

Genus 6.

RUPORNIS2.

Species

1. magnirostris . . . .

(GbneZ.), p. 207.

2. ruficauda

( Sd . 4' Salv.), p. 205.

3. nattereri

(Scl. Sf Salv.), p. 208.

4. saturata

(Scl. 4' Sa.lv.)

5. pucherani ( Verr .)

p. 205.

6. ridgwayi*6, Cory

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Vorwich
Museum.

1876, 480

481

Quoy et Gaimard, Voyage de
rUranie,Zool.p.91,pl.l3.
Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 180.

5

„ +S2

Buffon, PL Enl. vol. i. pi.
464 3 4.

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 180.

Salvin and Godman, Ibis,
1880, p. 176.

16

„ 482

483'1

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. pp. 175, 180, pi. 88.

9

„ 481

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. pp. 173, 180, pi. 87.

5

„ 481

Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S.
1876, p. 357.

O

„ 481

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. pp. 177, 180, pi. 89.
Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S.

1876, p. 358.

Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136.

45

Cory, in Quart. Journ. oi
Boston Zool. Soc. vol. ii
p. 46.

O

1 This species is referred by Mr. Sharpe and by the authors of ‘Exotic Ornithology

to the genus Asturina, as to which see Appendix H. It is figured in the • Voyage de
l’Uranio’ under the title of “Falco leucorrhous.” ' „ .

2 The several species of the genus Bupornis are included by Mr. Sharpe m that of

Asturina, as also bv the authors of 1 Exotic Ornithology. _ , , r, »

3 Here figured under the designation of “ L Epervier a gros bee de Cayenne.

4 The northern race for which Mr. Ridgway has proposed the title of

cauda” ( vide ‘ Catalogue of Falconida: in Boston Museum, p. 48) seems to me to merge
so gradually into B. ruficauda that I am not able satisfactorily to separate them,
though in mv Notes I have endeavoured to do so.,

3 One of these specimens is J. and E. Verreaux s type of this species.

6 Mr. Ridgway informs me that this newly described species is ier\ distinct , it is a

native of Haiti.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

73

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
1 Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 7.

BUTASTUR1.

1876, 483

Species

1. teesa ( Fmnkl .) \ . . .
p. 295.

Gray and Hardwicke, 111.
Indian Zoology, vol. ii.
pi. 30 2 .

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 49.
Oates, Birds of British. Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 195.

12

Subspecies

a. indicus ( Ghnel .) ....
p. 297.

„ 234

1882, 235

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp.
33, 70, pi. 21. figs. 2
& 33.

Tweeddale,CollectedW orks,
pp. 140, 310.

Hume and Davison, Stray
Feathers, vol. vi. p. 19.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 18.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 14. ’

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 197.

14

t

Species

2. liventer ( Temm .) . .
p. 296.

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp.

33, 69, pi. 21. fig. I2.
Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 196.

5

3. rufipennis (Suncl.) . .
p. 299.

Strickland, P. Z. S. 1850,
p. 214, pi. (Aves) 22 2.
Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p.
563.

5

1 Mr. Hume and many other authors refer to this genus under Kaup’s title of
Poliomis.

3 Here referred to the genus Buteo.

3 Here figured as “ Buteo poliogenys."

74

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRF.T.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 8.

ASTURINA.

Species

1. nitida ( Lath .), p. 203.

1876, 483

2. plagiata (Licht.).
p. 204.

Genus 9.

GERANOAETUS.

Species

1 . melanoleucus .

(Vieill.), p. 168 2.

483

GO

67

Temminck, Pl. Col. pis. 8
& 294 L

Leotaud,Ois. de la Trinidad,
p. 461.

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 180.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N
America, vol. iii. p. 245.

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. pp. 179, 180, pl.
90.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 246

Lawrence and Sumichrast,
Birds of S.W. Mexico, in
Bull, of U. S. Mus. no. 4,
p. 39.

Temminck, Pl. Col. pl.
302 2.

D’Orbigny, Voyage, Ois.

p. 76 2.'

Lee, Ibis, 1873, pp. 131,
136.

Ridgway, Studies of AmC'
rican Falconidaj, p. 131.
Durnford, Ibis, 1877. p.38;

1878, p. 397.

Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 409.

8

Skel.l

6

Skel.l

1 Temminck refers this species to the genus Fa/co-, Leotaud to the genus Astur.

2 Mr. Sharpe refers this species to the genus Buteo ; D’Orbigny to Halia'etus ; Tem-
minck, whose plate is not a satisfactory one, adopts for it the title of “Faloo aguia.”

list of diurnal birds of fret.

75

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Gat. vol. i.

References
to J.H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 10.

LEUCOPTERNIS1.

Species

1. princeps, Sclab. df
Salv., p. 220.

1876, 67

Sclater, P. Z. S. 1865, pi.
24.

Salvin, Ibis, 1872, pp. 241,
243.

o

2. palliata ( Natt .) ....

p. 218.

„ 471

472

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 97, pi. 49, and p.
122.

Salvin’ Ibis, 1872, p. 242.

5

3. ghiesbreghti2 (Da

Bus), p. 217.

„ 470

471

Du Bus, Esquisses Orn.
pi. 1.

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 121.

Belt, Naturalist in Nica-
ragua, p. 340.

Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 242.

3

4. albicollis (Lath.) . .

p. 216.

„ 472

to 474

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 93.
Leotaud, Ois. de la Trinidad,
p. 73.

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 122.

Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 242.

2

5. occidentalis, Salv. .

6. lacernulata (7'g?mH.),

p. 218.

„ 475

476
(foot-
note).

„ 474

Salvin, Ibis, 1876, p. 496.

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 437.
Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 1224.

Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 242 4.

O

5

1 Mr. Sharpe includes the species forming the genus Leucopternis in that of
Urubitinga.

2 This specific name is spelt, in Mr. Sharpe’s volume, “ ghiesbrechti but the
spelling I have adopted is in accordance with that of Du Bus, who also calls this species
“ Buse de Ghiesbreght.”

3 Described by Temminck as “ Falco pcecilonotus," and by Leotaud as “ Buteo
pcecilonotus.'’

4 Here referred to as L, scotoptcra.

76

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. n. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

LEUCOPTERNIS.

Species

7. melanops (Lath.) . .

p. 220.

1876, 474

475

Temminck, PL Col. pi.
105.

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 122.

Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 242.

4

8. snperciliaris, Pelz.,
p. 219.

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 75 \ pi. 38.
Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 242.

2

9. semiplumbea ....
Lawr., p. 220.

1876, 475

Sclater and Salvin, Exotic
Orn. p. 121, pi. 61.
Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 243.

O

10. plumbea, Salv. . .

p. 216.

„ 475

Salvin, Ibis, 1872, pp. 240,
243, pi. 8.

O

11. schistacea (Siind.),

p. 216.

„ 470

(foot-
note)2.

Sclater, Trans. Zool. Soc.

vol. iv. p. 261, pi. 58 3.
Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p.243.

7

Genus 11.

BRUBITINGA.

Species

1. anthracina ( Licht .),
p. 215.

„ 487

to 490

1879, 221

222

Lawrence and Sumichrast,
Birds of S.W. Mexico, in
Bull, of U. S. Mus. no. 4,
p. 42.

8

1 In this article the authors give tneir reasons lor applying iu " —

snecific name of “ snperciliaris ” rather than that of “ kaupi adopted by Mr. bbarpe.

P2 Subsequently to the publication of the Note above referred to I have become
acquainted with'the immature dress of this species, which differs irom that of the adult
inlhe presence of narrow transverse white bars on the abdomen, flanks, crissum, tiblffi,
under wing-coverts, and axillaries, whilst the inner webs of the secondaries are mottled
“ith two Shades of grey, and those of the primaries are either broadly barred or
mottled with white, the white mottling in the latter case being occasionally a little

minded with dark rufous. , „ „ . . ,,

3 <fcere figured under the name of “ UrubiUnga schistacea from a specimen in the

Norwich Museum.

LIST OF DIURN A I. BIRDS OF PREY.

77

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. ■vol. i.

2. gundlachii* ?, Cab.,
p. 215 \

1876, 488

489

3. zonura4 (Shaw)
p. 213.

References
to J. H. Gr.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

487

Subspecies

a. ridgwayi, Gum .4

n. s.

Genus 12.

HARPYHALIAETTJS.

Species

. solitarius ( Tschudi )7,
p. 222.

2. coronatus ( Vieill.),
pp. 221, 458 5.

487!

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Vorwich
Vluseum.

Lembaye, Aves de Cuba,
pi. 3. fig. 3\

Cabauis, Journal fur Orn.

1854, extra p. 80 3.
Guncllach, Journal fiir Orn.
1871, p. 365 3.

o

Spix, Av. Bras. vol. i. pi. 16
(adult)5.

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 55
(immature)3.

D’Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p.
845.

Bidgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidse, p. 168.

8

Lawrence and Sumichrast,
Birds of S.W. Mexico, in
Bull, of U. S. Mus. no. 4,
p. 42 6.

1

Tschudi, Fauna Peruana,
Orn. p. 94, pi. 28.

2

D’Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p

9 ypj 10.

Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136.

1

Included by Mr. Sharpe amongst the synonyms of U. anthracina.
Here described under the name “ Morphnus urubitinga.”

Here referred to the genus Hypomorphnus.

See Appendix I.

' see Appenuix jl.

5 Spix refers this species to the genus Aquila, Temminck to Falco, and D’Orbigny to
Morphnus, all three using the specific name “ urubitinga .”

6 Here referred to Urubitinga zonura, with which it is also united by Mr. Sharpe.

7 Mr. Sharpe includes this species, though somewhat doubtfully, amongst the syno-

nyms of II. coronatus.

8 Here figured under the name of “ Circa'etus solitarius."

9 The Notes here referred to relate to “ Plavgus neogams " of Sundevall, which I
now think was probably founded on the first plumage of II. coronatus, or possibly of
H. solitarius.

10 D’Orbigny refers this species to the genus Circa'etus.

78

LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genus 13.

HETEROSPIZIAS.

Species

1. meridionalis(Lai/i.),

p. 160.

1876, 66

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 25 l.
Tschudi, Fauna Peruana,
Om. pp. 84, 88 b
Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136.
Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidse, p. 139.

4

Genus 14.

BUTEOGALLUS.

Species

1. aequinoctialis ....
( Omel .), p. 212.

„ 484

to 486

Levaillant, Ois. d’Afrique,
vol. i. p. 86, pi. 212.
Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidte, p. 141.

5

Genus 15.

BUSARELLUS.

Species

1. nigricollis (Lath.). .

p. 211.

„ 484

to 486

Levaillant, Ois. d’Afrique,
vol. i. p. 84, pi. 20.

Pr. Maximilian, Beitrage,
vol. iii. p. 213 3.

Sclater and Salvin, Ibis,
1859, p. 216b
Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S.

1873, p. 302 4.

Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidaa, p. 142.

6

1 Temmincb, whose figure of this species is but a poor one, applies to it the desig-
nation of “ Falco rutilans ; ” Tschudi that of “ Hypomorphnm rutilans ; ” Lee refers it to

the genus XJrubitinga. . „

3 Le Vaillant calls this species “ Le Buson,” and the succeeding one Le Buserai,
and says that both were sent to him from Cayenne, though figured in his ‘ Oiseaux

d’Afrique.’ , , „ „

3 Here described under the name “ ralco ousarellus.

* Here referred to the genus Buteogallus.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

79

References

Number

Nomenclature, with references

to J. H. G.’s

Miscellaneous References.

of speci-
mens in

to Sharpe s Cat. vol. i.

‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Norwich

Museum.

Subfamily 12.

1878, 4591

MILVINAE.

1879, 4641

Genus 1.

HALIASTUR.*

Species

1. indus ( Bodd .), p. 313.

1878, 460

to 462

465

466

1882, 235

Buffon, Pi. Enl. vol. i. pi.
41 6 2.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 51.
Lcgge, Birds of Ceylon, p.
76.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 201.

7

Subspecies

14

a. intermedius. Gum.,

1878, 460

Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 28.

p. 314.

to 466

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pi. 4.

Skel. 1

fig. 43.

Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 56 4.
Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-

asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 175 6.

b. girrenera ( Vieill. et

„ 460

Gould, Birds of Australia,

12

Oud.), p. 315.

461

vol. i. pi. 4G.

463

Ramsay, Cat. of Australian

to 466

Accipitres, p. 33.
Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-

asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 15.

1 In my Notes, above referred to, I considered the subfamily Milvinae as divisible into
two groups, Kites and Perns ; but the line of demarcation between these groups is less
distinct than seems requisite to justify their division, and I therefore now include all
the genera composing them in the subfamily Milvinse.

2 Buffon figures this species under the designation of “ Aigle des Grandes Indes.”

3 Here figured under the name of “ Haliaetus indus."

4 Here referred to as “ Haliastur leucostcmus."

6 Count Salvadori here refers to “Haliastur girrenera, var. ambigua;" but this sub-
species, proposed by the late Dr. F. Briiggemann, does not seem to me to be distinct
from H. intermedins. The specimen from North Ceram in the Norwich Museum,
referred by Count Salvadori to H. ambiguus, I consider to be a typical H. girrenera.

6 Here "figured as “Haliastur leucosternus."

80

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
S'orwich
Museum.

HALIASTUR.

Species

2. sphenurns ( Vieill.).
p. 316.

Genus 2.

1878, 460

466

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 5.

fiamsay, Cat. of Australian
Accipitres, p. 35.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e dello Moluccke,
pt. 1, p. 19.

7

MILVUS.

Species.

1. ictinus, Savigny. . . .
p. 319.

1879, 71

Newton’s Yarrell, p. 92.
Drosser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 643, pi. 361.
Seebohm, British Birds,
vol. i. p. 74 \

5

Skel. 1

9 mplanotis

„ 76

Temminck aud Schlegel.

22

Temm. <$f Schleg., p. 324.

79
to 83s

Eauna Japonica, Aves,
p. 14, pis. 5, 5 b.

Hume, Nests and Eggs o:
Indian Birds, p. 54s.
Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 203.

3. govinda, Sykes . . . .
p. 325.

„ 76

78
to 83

Hume, Nests and Eggs o:
Indian Birds, p. 52.
Brooks, Ibis, 1879, p. 2824

2

1 I taite this opportunity oi correcting a sngnt inaccuracy as lu mu toui.™

Kite in Norfolk, which, by some inadvertence, has found its way into the article above
referred to. Mr. Seebohm there says, “ Mr. Gurney writes that he sometimes sees this
bird in Norfolk passing southwards in the autumn in company with Buzzards”: this
paragraph appears to be founded on a notice by my son, Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., in
the ‘Zoologist’ for 1877, p. 260, in which he records having once witnessed such an
occurrence on the 2nd of May in that year ; but I know no other instance of a Kite
havin'1 2 * 4 been seen in Norfolk in company with Buzzards, and but very few, compara-
tively, during the last half-century, of its occurring in the county at all. ^ „

2 There is a misprint in a footnote to p. /9 of the Ibis, 18<9; for 1S/0, p. 2-
read “ 1875, p. 229.” Since my Notes on Milvus melanolis were published, the Norwich
Museum has acquired a specimen from Kultuk, near Lake Baikal.

s Here referred to as Milvus major. ... . ,

4 Mr Brooks here repeats the reasons which he had previously given in Stray
Feathers ’ vol. iv. p. 272. for considering that “ Milvus govinda" of Sykes was intended
by him as a designation of the larger migratory Indian Kite for which 1 have used

LIST OF DITJRNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

81

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Subspecies

a. affinis ?, Gould' ....
p. 323.

1

Species

4. migrans' ( Bodd .) . .
p. 322.

1879, 72

73
76
to 79

„ 71

to 76

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 21.

Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pp.
30, 67, pi. 20. fig. 1.

Newton’s Yarrell, p. 97.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 651, pi. 362.

Seebobm, British Birds,
vol. i. p. 802.

19

7

5. segyptius ( Gmel .) . .

p. 320.

„ 71

to 74

Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 239.

Bree, Birds of Europe, 2nd
edition, vol. i. p. 124, pi.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 1393.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 49.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 657.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 43.

Milne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. i. p. 66.

13

Skel. 1

Subgenus A.

L0PH0ICTINIA.

„ 83

Species

1. isura (Gould), p. 32G

1870, 536
1879, 83

84

Gould, Birds of Australia
vol. i. pi. 22 4.

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 338

3

the specific name of “ melanotis ” ; but the habits of “ M. govinda ,” as described by Sykes,
are not those of this species, but of the smaller Indian Kites, which are non-migra-
tory.

1 M. affinis is hardly distinguishable, even as a subspecies, from M. govinda.

2 Mr. Sharpe adopts for this Kite the specific name of “ korschun ” ; I have explained
in my Notes the grounds of my preference for that of “ migrans." Mr. Seebohm refers
to this species as “ Milvus ater."

* The specific name “parasiticus” is hero used.

1 There referred to the genus Milvus.

it

82

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
1 Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

:

dumber
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Genua 3.

GYPOICTINIA.

1878, 459

Species

1. melanosternon

(Gould), p. 335.

„ 459

460

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 20 l.

Sharpe, P.Z.S. 1875, p.339.
Bennett, Proc. of Linnean
Society of N. S. Wales,
vol. vi. p. 146*.

1

Genus 4.

ELANOIDES.

1879, 330

Species

1. furcatus (Linn.) ..
p. 317.

„ 330

Pr. Maximilian, Beitrtige,
vol. iii. p. 1413.

Audubon, Birds of America,
pi. 72.

D’Orbigny, Voyage Ois. p.
100.

Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 325.

Leotaud, Ois. de la Trini-
dad, p. 30.

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i
p. 103.

Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S
1873, p. 303.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N
America, vol. iii. p. 1924

5

1 Mr. Gould, in his larger work here quoted, refers this species to the genus Buteo.
a -yjr H Bennett here gives an interesting account of the habits of this very
scarce species, ‘as observed by him in the vicinity of the Murrumbidgee and Lachlan
Rivers in New South Wales, the latter being the locality from whence the specimen at
Norwich was obtained. This specimen is noted by the collector as a female, killed
Februarv 28, and as having “ irides hazel, bill light horn-colour, black at tip legs and
feet whitish”; its principal measurements are— wing 18'90 inches, tarsus (.0, middle
toe s. u. 2'20, culmen, including the cere, 2‘25, of which the cere occupies 1 '20. The
Norwich Museum also possesses a single wing from a bird of this species, the measure-
ment of which is 20 inches. , ,, „ , , „ , , „

3 Prince Maximilian describes this Kite under the name of Faleo ffefapa-, ^the
other authors here cited use for it either the generic name ‘Falco, • Mtlvus, or
** tfauclerus” but most have subsequently adopted that of Elanoiaes.

* The specific name “forficatiis” is here used.

LIST OF DIURNAL ISIKDS OF TKI4Y.

83

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

Genus 5.

NAUCLERUS.

Species

i. riocouri V ■ . .

( Vieill . et Oacl.), p. 318.

Genus 6.

GAMPSONYX.

Species

swainsoni, Vig.
p. 340.

Genus 7.

ELANUS.

Species

1. cseruleus ( Desf .)
p. 336.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

N umber
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

1879, 330

Temmiuck, PI. Col. pi. 851.
Ridgway, Studies ot Ame-
rican Falconidae, p. 150
and footnote2.

330

331

Gray’s Genera, vol. i. p. 26,
pi. 9.

Ridgway, Studies of Ame-
rican Falconidte, p. 150
Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 353

331
to 333

Andersson, Birds of Damara
Land, p. 20.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 56.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 52.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. v. p. 663, pi. 363.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 139.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 17.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 44.

Davidson, Stray Feathers,
vol. x. p. 290.

18

Skel. 2

1 Here described under the name of “Falco riocour."

5 Mr. Ridgway here introduces this African spocios for the sake of comparison with
allied American forms.

84

LIST OF DIURNAL 1SIRDS OF FREY.

Nomenclature, with references j
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

ELANUS.

Species

2. hypoleucus, Gould .
p. 338.

1879, 333

Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 12,
pi.

Tweeddale, Collected Works,
p. 309.

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p.
314.

ir

3. axillaris (Lath.). . . .

m 333

Gould, Birds of Australia,

4

p. 338.

to 335

vol. i. pi. 23.

Subspecies

\a. leucurus (Vieill.) . .

„ 334

Audubon, Birds of Ame-

5

p. 339.
Species

to 336

1

rica, pis. 351 & 3522.
D’Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p.
982.

Baird, Brewer, and Bidg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 198.

0

4. scriptus, Gould
p. 340.

Genus 8.

ICTINIA.

„ 334

„ 336

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 24.

33

Species

1. mississipiensis . .

,, 336

Audubon, Birds of Ame-

2

( Wils.), p. 365.

rica, pi. 1174.

Baird, Brewer, and Bidg-
way, Land Birds of N

1

i

America, vol. iii. p. 203

1 One of these is Mr. Gould’s type of this species, as to which see my note above

referred to. .

2 Audubon figures this species under the name of “Falco_ dispar D Orbigny refers
to it as “ Milvus leucurus.”

3 One of these specimens, an adult bird from the Lachlan River, New South Wales,
has the following note attached to it by the collector March 2nd, $>: irides bright
carmine, bill black, legs and feet white ; knocked down with a stick.”

4 piere figured under the erroneous name of “ Falco plumbcus

list op diurnal birds of prry.

85

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References

to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

dumber
if speci-
mens in
'ionvicb
duseum.

2. plumbea ( Ghnel .) . . ■

L879, 336

lemminck, PI. Col. pi. 180
(immature)1.

11

\

Jr. Maximilian, Beitrage,
vol. iii. p. 1261.
D’Orbiguy, Voyage, Ois. p.
101.

Genus 9.

ROSTRHAMUS.

„ 337

Species

Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 61
(but not the accompany-
ing text).

1. hamatus (/?£.), jj. 3271

„ 338

to 340

o

2. taeniurus*?, Cub...

„ 340

Cabanis, Journ. fur Orn.

o

p. 328.

341

1854, p. 80.

3. sociabilis (Vieill.) ..

„ 337

Spix, Av. Bras. p. 7, pi. 2.

8

p. 328 3.

to 339
341

1882,456

Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 413.

Subspecies

a. plumb eus?, Rida. . .

1879, 338

Baird, Cassin, and Law-

3

p. 459.

341

1882,455

456

rence, Birds of 1ST. Ame-
rica, p. 38, pi. 652.

Genus 10.

MACHiERAMPHUS.

1879, 465

Species

1. anderssoni (Gum.)

» 465

J. H. G. P. Z. S. 1865

r

p. 343.

to 469

p. 618, and Tr. Z. S
vol. vi. p. 117, pi. 29.
Andersson, Birds of Daman
Land, p. 23, figs. 1, 2, & 3

i

1 Here referred to the genus Falco.

2 There referred to R. sociabilis.

3 Mr. Sharpe applies to this species the specific name of “ leucopygus.’’

4 This is the type specimen, originally described by me under the name of Stringonyx
anderssoni, and subsequently, by an error of mine, figured under the designation of
“ Machteramphus alcinus.”

86

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
N otes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Vluseum.

MACHiERAMPHUS.

L. anderssoni ( con-

tinued).

Milne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. i. p. 79; vol. ii. pis.
24, 24 a, 25, 26, 26 a.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 534.

-

2. alcinus, West., p.342

1879, 466

to 468

1882,455

Westermann, Bijd. tot d.
Dierk. p. 29, pi. 12.

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
iii. p. 269.

Hume and Davison, Stray
Feathers, vol. vi. p. 24.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 25, and pt. 3,
p. 506.

1

Genus 11.

PERNIS.

Species

1. apivorus (Linn.) . .
p. 344.

1869,450

1880,195

to 203’

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i. p.
121.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 53.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. vi. p. 3, pis. 364, 365,
366.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 18.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,
p. 534.

Du Bocage, 23rd West Afri-
can List, p. 21.

Seebohm, British Birds,
vol. i. p. 69.

13

Skel.l

1 See Appendix J.

LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OP PRPY.

87

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
duseum.

2. ptilorhynchus

( Temrn .), p. 347.

1

1880,203

to 212
214
to 216

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp.
39, 73, pi. 25. figs. 1,2, 3,
and pi. 26. figs. 1, 2, 3.
Hume, Rough Notes, p.
330 l.

Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 55.
Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p.
89.

24

3. tweeddalii, Hume . .

„ 213

214
2162

Tweeddale, Ibis, 1877, p.
286 2.

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.

is. pp. 122, 448.

J. H. G. Stray Feathers,
vol. ix. p. 446 3.

O

4. celebensis, Wald.. .
p. 349.

„ 216
217

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pi.
26. fig. 44.

Tweeddale, Collected W orks,

p. 208.

2

Genus 12.

HENICOPERNIS.

1879, 469

Species

1 . longicauda ( Garnot ),
p. 341.

„ 469

Garnot, Voy. de la ‘ Co-
quille,’ p. 588, pi. 10.

D’Albertis, New Guinea
vol. ii. p. 296.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche
pt. 1, p. 22, and pt. 3
p. 505.

3

1 There described as Pernis cristata ; the same specific name is used by Professor
Schlegel.

2 Here referred to as Pernis ptilorhynckus.

3 I understand from Mr. Hume that he intends to publish a figure of this fine
species from a drawing recently executed by Mr. Keulenmns.

* Here figured under the name “Pernis cris/atus."

88

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

,]

Number
}f speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

HENICOPERNIS.

Species

2. infuscata, Gum. . .

1879, 409

4701

1882, 128

to 131

Sclater, P. Z. S. 1879, p.
450 *.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 3, p. 505.

o

Genus 13.

REGERHINUSL

1880,312

313

Species

1. uncinatus ( Temm .),

p. 330.

„ 313

to 319

Temminck, PI. Col. pis. 103,
104, 115 s.

9

2. megarhynchus, Des

Murs, p. 332.

„ 318

to 321

Des Murs, Castelnau’s Voy-
age, Ois. p. 9, pi. 1.

4

3. wilsoni* (Cass.). . . .
p. 333.

„ 321

322

Cassin, Journ. Ac. Philadel-
phia, 1847, p. 21, pi. 7.

O

Genus 14.

LEPTODON.

„ 312

313

Species

1 nn vPTvnpnsis

„ 322

Buffon, PL Enl. vol. i. pi.

6

(Gmel.), p. 333.

to 329

473 (adult)4.

Temminck, PL Col. pi. 201
(immature)5, and pi. 270
(immature)6.

Lawrence and Sumichrast.
Birds of S.W. Mexico, in
Bull, of U. S. Mus. no. 4
p. 42 7.

1 Here referred to as Henicopemis kmgicauda in immature dress.

2 The several species comprised in the genus Eegerhmus are referred by Mr. Sharpe

to that of Leptodon. )(

3 Here figured as “ Falco uncinatus. f|

* Figured under the name “ Petit Autour de Cayenne. _. . „

. Erroneously named “ Falco palliate' 6 Here called “Falco cayennensis.

7 The generic name “ Cymindis" is here used.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRUT.

89

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Gat. vol. i.

Genus 15.

BAZA.

Species

1. madagascariensis.

(Smith), p. 353.

2. cucuioides (Swains.),
p. 354, pi. 11. fig. 2.

3. verreauxi (Lafr.) .
p. 354.

4. subcristata (Gould),

p. 357.

5. reinwardti (Mull. Sf
Schley.), p. 3531 2.

462
465
to 469

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

1880,462

463

1869, 450
1880,462

464

465

Milne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. i. p. 68, vol. ii. pis.
19, 19a, 20, and 21.

2

„ 462

to 464

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 534.

2

„ 462

to 464

Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 240 ;

1864, p. 356.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 54.
Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p.
562.

7

„ 462

465

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 25 '.

6

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp.
40, 77, pi. 27. figs. 1, 2,
and 33.

Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc.
of N. S. Wales, 1879,
p. 246.

J. H. G. in Sclater’s paper
on Birds from Duke-of-
York Island &c., P. Z. S.
1879, p. 450.

Salvadori, Ibis, 1879, p.
318.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Holucche,
pt. 1* p. 26.

Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Zool. vol. xvi. p. 424.

14

1 Here figured under the name “ Lepidogenys subcristatus."

2 See Appendix K.

5 These figures represent specimens from Amboina.

N

90

LIST OF DITJRNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
if speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

BAZA.

Subspecies

re. gurneyi1, Ramsay . .

Ramsay, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Zool. vol. xvi. p. 130.
Tristram, Ibis, 1882, pp.
133, 141.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 3, p. 506.

o

Species

6. rufa, Schley., p. 360.

1880,462

Schlegel, Talk Yogels, pp.
41, 78, pi. 27. fig. 4, and
pi. 28. figs. 1, 2, 3.

Wallace, Ibis, 1868, p. 18.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 30.

5

7. sumatrensis(Z/ff/)\),

p. 357, pi. 11. fig-
(juv.).

„ 462

463

470

471

Wallace, Ibis, 1868, p. 18 2.

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
iii. p. 313.

Hume and Davison, Stray
Feathers, vol. vi. p. 25.

J. H. G. Stray Feathers
vol. viii. p. 444.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
undi, vol. ii. p. 209.

O

8. erythrothorax

Sharpe, p. 357 , pi. 10

„ 462

469

Schlegel, Talk Yogels, pi
26. fig. 43.

4

fig-

470

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p
625.

9. magnirostris, Gray
p. 356, pi. 10. fig. 1.

, „ 462

470

O

a Mr Wallace here suggests that the Baza from Western Borneo, in the Leyden
Museum to which I have referred in my Notes as figured by Prof. Schlegel in theValk
Voxels ul. 28. fig. 5, under the name of Baza magmrostns, may be an example of
7? ^ ■ but it appears to be considerably smaller, as Schlegel gives its wing-

iSSSTi » U poS <»i* ' *L d. U Mu* de.

uitre^ p 136). This Bornean bird has not, as I think, been satisfactorily ldentifiec
3 A male from the Soola Islands here figured under the name Baza magmrostns.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

91

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

10. ceylonensis, Lecjcje

\

1880,462

470

Legge, Stray Feathers, vol.
iv. p. 247.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon, pp.

94 (pi.) & 1209.

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
vii. p. 151.

J. H. G. Stray Feathers,
vol. viii. p. 445.

3

11. lophotes ( Temm .). .
p. 352.

„ 471

1882, 235

Temminck, PL Col. pi. 101.
Hume and Davison, Stray
Feathers, vol. vi. p. 24.
Bingham, Stray Feathers,
vol. ix. p. 145.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon, pp.
98, 1209.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 208.

5

Subfamily 13.
FALCONING.

Genus 1.

HARPAGUS.

1881, 118

119

Species

1. diodon (Temm.) ....
p. 361.

„ 119

120

Temminck, PL Col. pL 498.
Pr. Maximilian, Beitriige,
vol. iii. p. 138.

5

2. bidentatus (Lath.). .
p. 362.

„ 120
to 123

Temminck, PI. Col. pis. 38
& 2282.

Pr. Maximilian, Beitrage,
vol. iii. p. 1322.
D’Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p.
122 \

Tschudi, Fauna Peruana,
Orn. p. 107.

16

\

3. fasciatus, Lawr. . .
p. 363.

„ 123

124

3

1 Temminck refers this species, in accordance with bis usual custom, to the genus
Falco.

3 D’Orbigny uses for this species the generic name Diodon ; Temminck and Prince
Maximilian for this and the preceding species that of Falco.

92

LISI OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

I

Miscellaneous References.

I

t

dumber
>f speci-
mens in
Norwich
luseum.

Genus 2.

MICROHIERAX.

1881, 271

Species

14

1. fringillarius

( Drap .), p. 367.

„ 271

273

274

[lorsticld, Zool. Research.es
iu Java, pi. 35 '.

Bingham and Davison, Stray
Feathers, vol. v. p. 80.

Hume aud Davison, Stray
Feathers, vol. vi. p. 5.

Nicholson and Forbes, Ibis,
1881, p. 140.

Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 364.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 212.

2. latifrons, Sharpe . .

„ 271

274

275

Sharpe, H)is, 1879, p. 237,
pi. 7.

3

3. eutolmus2 ( Hodcjs .)
p. 366.

„ 271

to 273

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
iii. p. 22.

Bingham, Stray Feathers,
vol. v. p. 80.

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol
v. p. 127.

Hume and Davison, Straj
Feathers, vol. vi. p. 3.

Bingham, Stray Feathers
vol. ix. p. 142.

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol
x. p. 178, footnote3.

Oates, Birds of British Bur
mah, vol. ii. p. 211.

8

; » of •• io whiob h. b,. boon

followed bysomeotiier authorities; I have explained in my Notes my reason lor not

US*,|iUHuretrTpoTnts out a probable error in the locality ascribed to one of the
specimens mentioned in my Notes.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

93

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
N otes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

4. erythrogenys(F«/.)

p. 369.

1

1881, 271

273

2741

Eydoux et Souleyet, Voy.
de la Bonite, Atlas, Ois.
vol. i. p. 71, pi. 1 (adult)2.
Fraser, Zool. Typ. pi. 31
(immature).

Tweeddale, Collected Works,

pp. 514, 530, 629.

4

5. melanoleucus ....
(Bhjtli), p. 368.

„ 271

272
274

Hume, Stray Feathers, vol.
ii. p. 525.

O

6. sinensis, Sharpe . .

„ 271

274

Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 254.
David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 30, pi. 8.

O

Genus 3.

POLIOHIERAX.

Species

1. semitorquatus

(Smith), p. 370.

„ 275

Smith, 111. of Zoology of
S. Africa, Aves, pi. 1
(adult male).

Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 346
pi. 12 (immature male)3
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1864, p
107.

2

1 Since writing the Notes above referred to, I have, through the kindness of Captain
Wardlaw Ramsay, had an opportunity of measuring some additional specimens ot this

species, with the following result : —

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. u.

in.

in.

in.

Luzon, B

.. 4

0-80

0-80

„ c?

.. 445

0-75

0-75

.. 4-60

095

0-80

.. 4-20

0-90

0 80

„ $

.. 455

0-85

0-80

Zamboanga,

.. 4-55

0-85

0-80

$

.. 4-55

0-90

0-85

The supposed male from Zamboanga was sexed by the collector, Mr. Everett; but in
this instance I doubt the correctness of his diagnosis.

2 Here figured under the title of “Falao gironnicri."

8 This plate is inscribed “ Hypotriorchis castanonotus Sir A. Smith’s "Faleo semi-
torquatus,”

94

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

P0LI0HIERAX.

1. semitorquatus ( con-
tinued).

Finsch and Hartlaub, Vo-
gel Ost-Afrikas, p. 77.
Andersson, Birds of Damara
Land, p. 19.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 55.

2. insignis, Wald

1881, 275

Humo and Foilden, Stray

4

p. 370.

Genus 4.

SPIZIAPTERYX.

Species

1882, 457

Feathers, vol. iii. p. 19.
Tweeddale in Rowley’s Oru.
Misc. vol. iii. p. 169, pi.
103.

Humo and Davison, Stray
Fcathors, vol. vi. p. 2.
Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 213.

1. circumcinctus . . . .

1881, 275

Sclater, Ibis, 1862, p. 23,

O

(Kaup), p. 371.
Genus 5.

DISSODACTESh

Species

2761
„ 277

pi. 2.

White, P. Z. S. 18S2, p.
p. 623.

1. ardesiacus

„ 277

Fritsch, Vog. Eur. pi. 3.

3

(Bonn, et V ieill.), p. 446

to 279

fig. 4.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 67.

» I may add to my remarks on this scarce species that the collection of Messrs.
Salvin and Godman now contains four examples, all from the Argentine Kepubhc, and
all marked as females by the collectors. I havo had the opportunity of measuring
these specimens, with the following results .

Wing

Tarsus

Middle toe, s. u.

in. in.
6-50 to 7
1-70 to 1-80
1-10 to 1-25

5 The several species forming the genus Dissodectes are included by Mr. Sharpe in

the group T wff he applies" the generic name of “< ^^Crid’them'i^th
followed by Signor Barboza du Boeage ; most other authors have placed them in

genus “ Falco.”

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

95

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 53.

Bohm, Journ. fur Orn. 1882,
p. 205.

2. dickinsoni, Sclca. . .

1881, 277

Sclater, Ibis, 1864, p. 305,

3

p. 447.

to 279

pi. 8.

Sharpe’s Bayard, p. 68.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,
p. 54.

Shelley, P. Z. S. 1882, p.
302.

3. zoniventris (Peters).

1869, 446

Milne-Edwards et Grandi-

2

p. 447, pi. 14. fig. 2.

1881, 277

to 279

dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. i. p. 35, and vol. ii.
pi. 10.

Genus 6.

HARPA.

Species

1. novee-zealandise . .

1870, 534

Buller, Birds of N. Zealand,

1

(Gmel), p. 372.

5351

1881, 276

277

p. 1, pi.1

Hutton, Ibis, 1879, p. 456.
Buller, Ibis, 1881, p. 453.

Subspecies

a. brunnea2 {Gould) . .

1870, 534

Buller, Birds of N. Zealand,

5

p. 373.

5351

1881, 277

p. 61.

1 Here referred to the genus Hieracidea.

2 Mr. Sharpe applies to this Falcon the specific name “ australis proposed by

MM. Hombron and Jacquinot in the ‘Annales des Sciences Naturelles,’ 2nd sories,
vol. xvi. p. 312; but, according to the letterpress of the ‘Voyage au Pole Sud,’ Zool!
vol. iii. p. 47, this name was given to the species inhabiting the Auckland Islands as
well as New Zealand, which is H. nova zcalandi a. I therefore agree with Dr. Buller
in considering “Falco australis" a synonym of the larger species, and I would designate
the smaller, if it be really distinct, by Mr. Gould’s specific name "brunnea" Mr.
Sharpe, in the ‘Ibis,’ 1873, p. 327, objected to the use of the latter name as “being
already pre-occupiod by Bechstein, who thus called the Common Kestrel of Europe ;
but I would submit that the filet of this specific name having been proposed for a species
of the genus Tinnunculus docs not render its employment illegitimate when it is applied
to a bird belonging to another and distinct genus— that of Harpa. 1

96

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

Genus 7.

HIERACIDEA.

Species

1. orientalis ( Schleg .)
p. 422.

2. berigora

(Vig. et Horsf.), p. 421.

Genus 8.

TINNUNCULUS.

Species

1 . alaudarius ( Gmel.) . .
p. 425.

1881, 276

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 11.

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 121.

1881, 455

456
to 464

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Gatcombe, Zoologist, 1867,
p. 702.

Dresser, Birds of Europo,
vol. vi. p. 113, pi. 384.
Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i.
p. 78 3.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 137.
Hume, Nests and Eggs of
Indian Birds, p. 21 4.
Seebohm, British Birds,
vol. i. p. 45.

Oates, Birds of British Bur-
mah, vol. ii. p. 217 4.

3

9

31

Skel. 2

i This snecies stands in Mr. Gould’s work as “ Ieracidea occidental™ ” and the pre-
ceding onePas “ Ieracidea berigora ,” an error which has been pointed out and rectified

b7AMLtX‘;» ft.a5S'.“k S" obtained b, Mr. Goldie in Soutb,»ster» Hew
Guinea, is an undoubted esainple of H. berigora , but Mr. Sbarpe b«. : aUo
occurrence in New Guinea, at Port Moresby, of a specimen of H. oriental is ( vide Journ.

L‘?'i to.' ' rep™. »<»ted 1? Pr.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FREY.

97

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

Deferences
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous Beferences.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Subspecies

a. neglectus ? (Schley.)
pp. 426, 428.

1881, 456

459

4631

Schlegel, Bevue Musee des
Pays-Bas (1873), Acci-
pitres, p. 43 3 .

11

b. saturatus ?, Blyth . .
p. 426.

„ 456

to 4653

Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. of
Bengal, vol. xxviii. p.
277.

12

c. iapomcus

p. 426.

Species
2. rupicolus ( Baud .) . .
p. 429.

456

457
460

to 462

464

465
547

465

466

Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 238.

Temniinck and Schlegel,
Fauna Japon., Aves, p. 2,
pis. 1 & 1 b3.

3. moluccensis

Hombr. et Jacy., p. 430.

469

Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 240
Andersson, Birds of Damara
Land, p. 18.

Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1874, p
581, pi. 68. figs. 1 & 2
(adult and immature).
Sharpe’s Layard, p. 62.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,
p. 49 3.

Schlegel, Y alk Y ogels, pp. 6
47, pi. 1. figs. 3, 4, & 5
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1874, p
583.

19

15

Skel.l

13

1 In November 1876 a very small Kestrel was killed in West Cornwall, which I think
may have been a wandering example of T. ncglectus ; it was recorded by the late Mr.
Bodd at p. 5178 of the ‘Zoologist’ for that year, and I have no further information
respecting it than that which he there supplied.

1 I have, in my Notes, applied to this species the name of “ interstinctus" ; but I now
feel doubtful whether McClelland’ s “ Falco interstinctus" was not founded on a female
or young male of the ordinary T. alaudarius, and I have therefore here availed myself
of Blyth’s specific name of “ saturatus" which appears to have been founded on a
female of the darker race. Mr. Sharpe’s views as to the subspecific races of T. alau-
darius will be found in his Catalogue, under the head of that species.

3 Signor Du Bocage follows Mr. Sharpe in using the generic term of “ Cerchneis ” in
preference to that of “ Tinnunculus!' Professor Schlegel and Sir A. Smith have used
that of “Falco!’

o

98

LIST 01' DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat,, vol. i.

References
to J. H. Gf.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

dumber
af speci-
mens in
Norwich
iluseum.

TINNUNCULUS.

Species.

4 rnpieoloides ...

1868, 142

Smith, 111. of Zool. of S.

Africa, Aves, pi. 92 L
Ayres, Ibis, 1869, p. 288.
Anclersson, Birds of Damara
Land, p. 19.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 63.

12

(Smith), p. 432.

143

1881, 465

466

5. arthuri2, Gum., n. s.

„ 124

457
462=

1

6. alopex (Heugl.) ....
p.432, pi. 14. fig. 1.

„ 466

Yon Heuglin, Ibis, 1861,
p. 69, pi. 3.

O

7. cenchroides ( Vig.
Horsf.), p. 431.

„ 469

470

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 13.

8

8. punctatus ( Temm .),
p. 434.

1869, 447
1881, 468

Temminck, PL Col. pi. 45.

9

9. newtoni, Gum

p. 433.

1863, 34

to 36
pi. 2

1869, 446

447

1881, 466

to 468

Milne-Ed wards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. i. p. 45, vol. ii. pis. 13,
13a, 14, and 14a.

11

10 p-ra rilis ( Less.} . . . .

„ 468

Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pi.

6

p. 435.

469

25.

11. sparverius (Linn.)
p. 437.

„ 547

to 554

1882,290

291

Audubon, Birds of America
pi. 142.

Grayson, Memoirs of Boston
Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii
p. 301.

24

Skel.l

1 See note 3 on puge 97.

2 As to this previously undescribed species, see Appendix L, where I have given
details respecting it; the specimen in the Norwich Museum is the type, and at present
unique. In my Notes in the ‘ Ibis’ for 1881 I did not separate it from T. alaudanvs.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

99

Nomenclature, with references

to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Subspecies

a. cinnamomimus

(Swains.), p. 439.

1

1881, 547

550

551
553

to 556

Pr. Maximilian, Beitrage,
vol. iii. p. 116 b
D’Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p.
119 \

16

b. caribbaearum ....

( Ghnel .), p. 442 (foot-
note)1 2 3.

„ 547

551
556
to 5613

1882,291

Grisdale, Ibis, 1882, p. 491.

6

Species

19 f cnViplIinilS

1881, 547

Button, PL Enl. vol. i. pi.

12

(Swains.), p. 441.

548
561
to 563

4444 5.

13. dominicensis ....
(Gmel.y, pp. 439, 442.

„ 547

556

563

564

Brisson, Orn. vol. i. p. 389,
pi. 32. fig. 2 s.

4

1 Here called “ Falco sparverius.” ... . rn , , ,

2 Mr. Sharpe here suggests the identity of this subspecies with T. leucophrys ot
Ridgway; but, as explained in my Notes, I consider the latter to be a synonym of
T dominicensis, which Mr. Sharpe treats as distinct from T. leucophrys.

3 In my Notes above referred to (‘ Ibis,’ 1881) I erroneously applied to 1 . canbbatarum
the subspecific name of “ antillarum,” but I corrected this mistake subsequently (‘Ibis,
1882 p 291) In the former Notes I gave the measurements of some specimens of this
Kestrel and I am now able to add those of four more, which have been subsequently
acquired by the Norwich Museum, and one of which (that from Porto Rico) was
liberally presented to that institution by Mr. George N. Lawrence, of New York.

m Middle toe

Wing.

Males. inches.

St. Lucia 6'20

St. Thomas 6-70

Females.

St. Lucia 6-60

Porto Rico 7'<30

Tarsus.

inch.

1-30

1-30

1-30

1-30

s. u.
inch.
0-90
10

1-0

1-25

4 This plate, entitled “Emerillon de Cayenne,” was erroneously referred to, in my
Notes, as no. 144 instead of 444. •

5 Brisson calls this Kestrel “L’Emerillon de St. Domingue.”

100

T.T8T OF DIURNAL BIRD9 OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Gat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

TINNUNCULUS.

Species

14. sparverioides ....
( P- 443.

1881, 505

to 5671

D’Orbigny in de la Sagra’s
Nat. Hist, of Cuba, Ois.
p. 30, pi. 1.

2

15. cenchris2 3 4 * (Naum.),
p. 435.

Subspecies

„ 470

472

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. vi. p. 125, pi. 385.

Andersson, Birds of Damara
Land, p. 17.

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 138.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 64.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’Angola,
p. 51.

B. O. U. List of British
Birds, p. 104.

19

a pekinensis ?.....

„ 470

to 472

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 35.

Inglis and Hume, Stray
Feathers, vol. ix. p. 242^

6

(Swinh.y, p. 437.

Submenus A.

ERYTHROPUS

1882,140

Species

1. vespertinns (Linn.),
p. 443.

„ 146

147
151

Stevenson, Birds of Norfolk
vol. i. p. 19 6.

Newton’sYarrell,vol.i.p.09
Dresser, Birds of Europe
vol. vi. p. 93, pi. 382.

15

1 I have referred, in my Notes, to Dr. Gundlaeh’s statement as to the interbreeding
of T. dominicensis and T. sparverioides ; it is perhaps possible that the latter may in
reality be merely a partially melanistic race of the former.

2 In my Notes on this species I have referred to the reasons for nsing the specific
name of “ cenchris” rather than that of “ naumanni" adopted by Mr. Sharpe; as to
points of difference between this species and T. pekinensis, see Appendix M.

3 See Appendix M. _ .

4 In this article Mr. Hume recognizes the identity of the bird for which he had
previously proposed the specific name of “ imglisi ” with T. pekinensis.

b This subgenus is included by Mr. Sharpe in the group to which ho applies the
generic term of “ Cerchneis Mr. Sharpe’s example in this respect has been followed by
Signor Du Bocage. Some other authors include Erythropus in the genus Falco.

* Two of the Norfolk-killed specimens recorded by Mr. Stevenson are preserved in
the Norwich Museum. This species is referred to by Mr. Stevenson under the name of
“ Falco rufipes."

■

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

101

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

$

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

1

Andersson, Birds of Damara
Land, p. 15.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 65.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 52.

Seebohm, British Birds, vol.
i. p. 42.

2. amurensis ( Raclcle ),

1868, 41

Ayres, Ibis, 1868, p. 41 ;

20

p. 445.

Genus 9.

HYPOTRIORCHIS3.

Species

to 43
pi. 21

1869, 446
1882, 147

to 152

436

437

„ 152

1873, p. 280.

Swinhoe,Ibis, 1874, pp.425,
428.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 66.
Prjevalsky in Rowley’s Orn.

Misc. vol. ii. p. 151.
David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 34.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p.
119.

Inglis and Hume, Stray
Feathers, vol. is. p. 243.
Butler, Stray Feathers, vol.
is. p. 371.

Shelley and Ayres, Ibis,
1882, p. 239.

1. concolor ( Temm .) . .

1869, 445

Hemprich and Ehrenberg

3

p. 405.

1882, 157

158

437

Symbolic Physicse, Aves
pi. 19 3.

Milne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar
vol. i. p. 37, vol. ii. pis
11, 12, and 12 a.

2. eleanorae (Ome) . .

1869, 445

Dresser, Birds of Europe

5

p. 404.

pi. 16

1882, 153

to 157

vol. vi. p. 103, pi. 383.
Dixon, Ibis, 1882, p. 558.

1 The figures here given are from specimens in the Norwich Museum.

5 The genus Hypotriorchis is amalgamated with that of Falco by Mr. Sharpe and by
many other authors, including some to whose works I have here referred.

3 Here figured (with the egg) under the name of "Falco schistaceus.”

102

LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘ Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

HYPOTRIORCHIS.

Species

3. subbuteo {Linn.) . .
p. 395.

1868, 142
1882, 152

Nevvton’sYarrell,vol. i. p.G5.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. vi. p. 69, pi. 379.

Andersson, Birds of Damara
Laud, p. 14.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 59.

Prjevalsky in Rowley’s Orn.
Misc. vol. ii. p. 150.

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 33.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 48.

Soebohm, British Birds, vol.
i. p. 31.

20

Skel.l

4. cuvieri {Smith) ....
p. 400.

1868,142
1882, 152

Schlegel, Nederl. Tijds. vol.

i. p. 123, pi. 51.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 59.

Du Bocage, Orn. d’ Angola,
p. 534.

Shellev, P. Z. S. 1881, p.
562 ; 1882, p. 304.

2

5. severas (fforsf.). . . .

p. 397.

„ 153

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp.
4, 45, pi. 2. figs. 2 & 3.

Radcliffe, Falconry, p. 15.

Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1878,
p. 937.

Sclater, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 65.

Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc
(Zool.) vol. xvi. p. 424.

Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche, pt
1 , p. 33, and pt. 3, p. 507

92

6. religiosus {Bon.),
p. 397.

„ .153

Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pi. 2
fig. 63.

O

SCb°0ne of these specimens was recently obtai^d from ^bie Island and is, I believe,
th3 Uffiosus at Leyden several years since, I

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRBT.

103

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
1 Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

7. lunulatus {Lath.) . .
p. 398.

1882, 131

153

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 10 L
Salvadori, Orn. della Papu-
asia e delle Molucche,
pt. 1, p. 34, and pt. 3,
p. 507.

io

8. fusco-cserulescens

{VieiU.), pp. 400, 459.

„ 158

159

Temminck, PL Col. pi. 121
(immature), pi. 343
(adult).

D’Orbigny, Voyage, Ois.

p. 116.

Grayson, Memoirs of Boston
Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii.
p. 3012.

6

9. rufigularis (Daud.) .
p. 401.

„ 1593

Grayson, Memoirs of Boston
Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii.
p. 301.

Elliot, Birds of North Ame-
rica, vol. ii. pi. 32.

Baird, Bretver, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 130.

Lawrence and Sumichrast,
Birds of S.W. Mexico, in
Bull. U. S. Mus. no. 4,
p. 39 3.

5

10. deiroleucus

{Temm.), p. 402.

„ 1593

Temminck, PL Col. pi. 348.
Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 129.

1

unfortunately did not examine it with reference to its specific distinctness, and I am
therefore unable to offer an opinion upon that disputed point. Professor Schlegel
figures it under the name of “ Falco frontatus, varietd.”

1 Here figured under the name “ Falco frontatus.”

2 In the different works to which I have here referred the specific name used for this
Hobby is “femoralis.”

3 I have given, in my Notes above referred to, my reasons for preferring the specific
name of “ rufigularis” to that of “ albigularis," applied to this species by Mr. Sharpe,
and also used by Mr. Lawrence : in the same page I have shown cause for applying to
the next species the name of “ deiroleucus ” rather than that of “ aurantius,” adopted by
Mr. Sharpe and also by the authors of the ‘ Land Birds of North America;’ the latter
name has been applied by some authors to II. rufigularis.

104

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

Genus 10.
2ESAL0N1.

Species

1. regulus (Pall.)
p. 406.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

1882, 152

160

160

2. columbarius (Linn.)
p. 408.

Subspecies

a. richardsoni (Ridg.)
pp. 408 (footnote), 460.

b. suckleyi* (Ridg.) .

p. 460.

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Newton’sYarrell,vol.i.p.74. 21
] Dresser, Birds of Europe, Skel. 3
vol.vi. p. 83, pis. 380,381.
tadcliffe, Falconry, p. 14.

J. H.Guruey, juu., Hambies
of a Naturalist, p. 137.
Prjevalsky in Rowley’s (Drn
Misc. vol. ii. p. 151 .

David et Oustalet, Ois. de
la Chine, p. 34.

Seebolim, British Birds
vol. i. p. 34.

160 Audubon, Birds of Ame- 13

161 rica, pis. 75 & 92 2. Skel.l
Grayson, Memoirs of Boston

Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii

p. 300.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 144.

161 Swainson and Richardson,

Faun. Bor.-Amer. pt. 2,
p. 37, pi. 25 (female)3
Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 148 4.

161 Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 1474.

i Included in the genus Falco by Mr. Sharpe and by various other authors ; but some
inrlnrle it in Hvvotriorckis, and others use the generic term Lithvjalco.

'The old mafeof this Species was figured by Audubon under the name oi Falco

temerarius." , , „

3 ‘there figured under the name of Falco a> salon. , , .

^ The descriptions given of the males of M. HcUrdsom and of laid me to

doubt whether the fully adult male plumage of either race has yet been identified.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET.

105

References

Number

Nomenclature, with references

to J. H. G.’s

Miscellaneous References.

of speci-
mens in

to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

‘Ibis’ (years

Norwich

and pages).

Museum.

Genua 11.

CHICaUERA1.

1882, 152

Species

161

1. typus, Bon. ......

p. 403.

„ 161

Gould, Century, pi. 22.

7

162

Hume, Nests and Eggs of

Indian Eirds, p. 19.
Radcliffe, Falconry, p. 13 2.

2. ruficollis ( Swains .) ..

1868,141

Swainson, Birds of West

14

p. 404.

142

Africa, vol. i. p. 107,

1882,161

pi. 2.

162

Ayres, Ibis, 1869, p. 288.

Genus 12.

FALCO.

„ 152

Species

1. peregrinator, Sand.

„ 292

Strickland, Annals of Nat.

7

p. 382.

History, 1846, p. 102 a.
Jerdon, 111. of Indian Orni-
thology, pis. 12 & 28
Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 3,
PL

Radcliffe, Falconry, p. 6.

J. H. G. Stray Feathers,
vol. viii. p. 425.

Legge, Birds of Ceylon,

pp. 106, 1210.

Subspecies

a. atriceps, Hume ....

„ 291

Hume, Rough Notes, p. 58.

1

p. 3776.

to 293

Hume, Nests and Eggs of

pi. 10

Indian Birds, p. 14.

J. H. G. Stray Feathers,

vol. viii. p. 423.

1 Included by Mr. Sharpe and many other authors in the genus Falco.

2 Mr. Gould describes this species under the name of "Falco chicquera," and Gol.
Delm6 Radcliffe under that of “Litkofalco chiqucra.”

3 This article contains Sundevall’s original description, and is reproduced in 1 Stray
Feathers,’ vol. v. p. 500.

4 Here figured under the name of “ Falco shaheen.”

s Mr. Sharpe included Falco alriceps amongst the synonyms of “ F. communis ” (pere-
grinus) ; but I think there is no doubt that this is a mistake, as to which see my Notes
above referred to.

P

106

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

•j

1

dumber
)f speci-
nens in
s orwich
duseum.

FALCO.

Species

2. peregrinus1, Tunst.
p. 376.

1861, 131
1882,293

to 3002
321

438

439

Scblegel, Talk Yogels, pi. i.
fig. I1.

Newton’s Yarrell, vol. i.
p. 53.

’. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, pp. 136,
286.

Grayson, Memoirs Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. ii.
p. 300.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 1321.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. vi. p. 31, pi. 372.

Radcliffe, Falconry, p. 5.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 56.

Seebohm, British Birds
vol. i. p. 23.

54

Skel. 2

Subspecies

a. pealei, Ridg., p. 459

„ 297

298

Cassin, Birds of California
&c. pl.16 (hinder figure)3
Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N
America, vol. iii. p. 137.

O

1 Hero referred to under the specific name of “ communis ,’’ which was ultimately
abandoned by Mr. Sharpe in favour of “ percgrinus,” as to which see my Notes.

2 Subsequently to the publication of my remarks as to the frequent occurrence of
Indian Peregrines in which the breast and abdomen are spotted instead of transversely
barred Captain Wardlaw Ramsay kindly lent me a similar English specimen, an adult
male killed at Willesden on December 31, 1868, in which the only portions of the
under surface that are transversely barred are the under wing-coverts, the flanks, and
to a slight extent, the lower abdomen, the breast being speckled with small spots about

r>np eif/htli of an inch long and about half as much across.

3 Hgere figlired under the name of “ Falco polyagrus,” but erroneously, as I have been

informed by Mr. Ridgway.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

107

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

b. cassini, Sharpe ....
p. 384.

1882, 300

to 3021

1

c. melanogenys, Qoulcl
p. 385.

„ 302

to 3042

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 8.

Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pi. i.
fig. 23.

11

Species

3. minor, Bon.,

p. 383, pi. 12.

Subspecies

„ 306

to 309
313
315
43 74

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 57.
Milne-Edwards et Grandi-
dier, Ois. de Madagascar,
vol. i. p. 32.

6

a. punicus

„ 307

Le Yaillant, Jeune, Explo-

8

Levaill., jun., p. 386 5.

309
to 311

ration de l’Algerie, Ois.
pi. 1.

Skel.l

1 I have recently measured an adult male of this rare Falcon from the Falkland
Islands, kindly lent me by Captain Wardlaw Kamsay ; the wing, though apparently
quite perfect, only measures 12'15 inches, the tarsus 1'90, the middle toe s. u. 210; it
is a remarkably dark-coloured specimen.

2 By the kindness of Mr. Seebohm I have had the opportunity of examining a pair
of Falcons (male and female), both killed on the 18th of March at Hui San, in Eastern
China, which I consider to be adult examples of F. melanogenys, and the first, so far as
I know, that have been recorded from China, or from any locality further north than
the Philippine Islands. I understand that Hui San is in the vicinity of the river Yank-
tse-kiang, and therefore about 32° N. lat. The Norwich Museum has lately acquired a
typical adult male collected in Jobie Island by Mr. A. A. Bruijn.

3 A female from Java is here figured under the title of “ Faloo communis .”

* Subsequently to the publication of my Notes on F. minor, I had the opportunity of
measuring two additional females of this species with the following results : —

From Damara Land, marked female by the
collector, the late C. J. Andersson, now
in the possession of Capt. Wardlaw

Wing.

in.

Tarsus.

in.

Middle
toe s. u.
in.

Ramsay

From the Rovuma River, in East Africa,
in the collection of Capt. Shelley ( vide

12-60

1-85

2-10

P. Z. S. 1882, p. 302)

12-60

1-70

1 90

* Mr. Sharpe includes F. punicus amongst the synonyms of “ F. barbarus.” Mr.
Dresser figures it under the name of “ F. minor.”

108

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

FALCO.

a. punicus ( continued ) . .
Species

1882,313

to 321
4372
438

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. vi. p. 43, pi. 373 \

4. barbarus, Linn. . .

„ 304

Salvin, Ibis, 1859, pi. 6.

5

p. 386.

to 306

311

312
315

437

438
579

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. vi. p. 47, pi. 374.
Anderson, P. Z. S. 1876,
pi. 23s.

Anderson and Gurney,
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 2.

Skel.l

5. babylonicus, Gum..
p. 387 4.

„ 439

Irby and Sclater, Ibis, 1861,
p. 218, pi. 7.

Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 20
P1-

Kadcliffe, Falconry, p. 8.
Jordon, Ibis, 1871, p. 240.

3

1 See note 5 on page 107. . ,

2 Since my Notes on F. punicus were published I hare been indebted to the kindness
of Lord Lilford for the opportunity of examining two adult Falcons, both of which I
think must be considered as females of F. punicus, though one is a trifle larger, and the
other decidedly smaller than any other females of F. punicus that have come under my
notice The following are the principal dimensions of these two Falcons

Middle

Wing.

Tarsus.

toe s. u.

in.

in.

in.

13-40

200

215

12-60

1-90

1-95

From the island of Gianuti, near the coast

of Tuscany ;•••• 1?'40

From Egypt (female by dissection) 1^'oU

1 may add that Lord Lilford also possesses a wing of an immature male of F punicus
taken from the nest on Madalena Island, off the coast of Sardinia, in May 1881, and
accidentally killed in the following October, which measures 1 1 50 inches.

2 Here figured as “Falco babylonicus,” which Mr. Anderson subsequently corrected.

< Mr. Seebohm, at page 30 of his work on ‘British Birds, refers to F. babylommsas
“probably the female’’ of F. barbarvs ; this surmise may, I hink, bo disproved by the
following" summary of measurements taken by myself Irom eleven adult or nearly adult
specimens of F. babylonicus, presumably of both sexes :

in.

Win£r 12 50 to 13-30

Tarsus:::.: i-^to 2-10

Middle toe s.u 1 '95 to 2 10

if compared with the following, taken from seven females of F. barbarus, the sex

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

109

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. Gr.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

6. feldeggii, Schleg. . .
p. 389.

1882,439

to 443

J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles
of a Naturalist, p. 133.
Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. vi. p. 51, pi. 375.

18

Subspecies

8

a. tanypterus? .V

p. 391.

„ 439

to 443

Schlegel, Abhandlungen,
pis. 12 & 13.

Finsch, Trans. Zool. Soc.
vol. vii. pp. 203, 204 b

Species

18

7. biarmicus, Teram. . .
p. 391.

Subgenus A.

GENNAIA2.

442

443

„ 152

443

Ayres, Ibis, 1860, p. 207;
1862, p. 154.

Sharpe’s Layard, p. 58,
pi. 2.

Species

1. juggur (Gray)

„ 443

Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 1,

lO3

p. 393.

444

pi.

Radcliffe, Falconry, p. 12.
Hume, Nests and Eggs o
Indian Birds, p. 16.

Skel. 1

of five out of the seven having been verified by dissection ( vide Ibis, 1882, pp. 312,
438) : —

in. in.

Wine 11-10 to 12

Tarsus T50 to 1 80

Middle toe s.u T70 to 1-80

Added to which, F. babylonicus has never been detected anywhere to the west of the
Asiatic continent, except in the case of a single supposed, but not very strongly authen-
ticated, Abyssinian specimen in the Norwich Museum, whereas the chief stronghold of
F. barbarus is Northern Africa, from Egypt to Morocco.

1 The Falcon described at p. 204 of this article was doubtfully referred by Dr. Finsch
to F. barbarus, and more positively by myself in the ‘Proceedings of the Zoological
Society’ for 1871, p. 147. In this I was wrong; the bird is now in the collection of
Capt. Wardlaw Ramsay, who has kindly allowed me to re-examine it, and I am
satisfied that it is, in reality, a young male of F. tanypterus.

2 Included by Mr. Sharpe and by many other authors in the genus Falco.

3 One of these specimens was obtained by Mr. Whitely, of Woolwich, who informed
me that it and another example of this species (which I also saw) formed part of a
collection of skins made by an artilleryman stationed at Tonghoo, a locality, which, if
no mistake has occurred as regards these specimens, is, I believe, a new one for this
species.

110

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. yol. i.

GENNAIA.

Species
2. saker ( G-mel .) .
p. 417.

mexicana (Selling.),
p. 420.

References
to J. H. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

1882,443

Farman, Ibis, 18(18, p. 409.

14

to 447

Jordon, Ibis, 1871, p. 238.

lladcliffe, Falconry, p. 10.

Henderson and Hume, La-
hore to Yarkand, pt. 2,
p. 171, pi. ll.

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. vi. p. 59, pis. 370,
377.

„ 447

Cassin, Birds of California

5

to 451

&c. pi. 10 (front figure
only)2.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of N.
America, vol. iii. p. 123:‘.

Coues, Birds of the North
West, p. 339 3.

1 This plate represents the type specimen of F. hendersoni, Hume ( =milvipcs , Hodg-
son), the supposed validity of which species, as distinct from Cr. saker, X have discussed
in my Notes, and would here merely refer to what I have there written. Two of the
specimens in the Norwich Museum, which are there catalogued under the head of
F. saker, are in the plumage which has been separated under the specific titles of
“ milvipes” and “ hendersoni ,” and a third specimen is partially in a similar dress.

2 Here figured under the name of “ Falco polyagrus as to the hinder figure on this

plate, see Mr. Ridgway’s letter quoted below. , . .

3 This species is described in the ‘Laud Birds of N. America under the designation
of “Falco lanarius, var. polyagrus” and in the ‘Birds of the North West’ under that
of “ Falco mexicanus, var. polyagrus .” I avail myself of the kind permission ot
Mr. Ridgway to quote the following extract from a letter he was so good as to write me
on 23rd January, 1883:— “Since I last wrote you I have had the pleasure of making
a reexamination of the Falcon named ‘ Hicrofalco lanarius, var. mexicanus, in my
< Catalogue of the Falconidie in the collection ol the Boston Society ol -Natural liistor>
(p 44): very much to my surprise it proves to be nothing more than a small-sized
young male of the ordinary F. polyagrus , differing in no respect except slightly smaller
dimensions from examples in the National-Museum collection from Arizona and Lower
California . . I have now no doubt whatever of the existence ot only one species
or race of 'this group in the Western United States and in Mexico, for which the name

of mexicanus should be used Moreover, the original 'polyagrus of Cassm

was a composite species, including, besides the F. mexicanus, the dark race of the
Perecrino which, in 1873, I characterized as Falco communis, var. pealei ; in tact part
of Oassin’s description and one of the figures of his plate are taken from the identical
specimen which 1 afterwards made the type of my new race.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Ill

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. II. G-.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

t

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

4. hypoleuca (Goulcl),
p. 394.

1882, 451

452

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 7.

3

5. subniger (Gray) . .
p. 394. »

1870,536

1882,452

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 9.

1

Subgenus B.

HIEROFALCO1.

„ 152

579

Species

1. labradorus (Aud.) . .
p. 416 2.

„ 579

to 581

Dresser, Bowley’s Orn.
Misc. vol. i. p. 185 (two
plates).

1

2. gyrfalco (Linn.) . . ■ .
p. 416.

„ 581

to 587

N e wton and W olley , 0 otheca
WoUeyana, p. 87, pi. C.
Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. vi. p. 15, pi. 367.
Gould, Birds of Great
Britain, vol. i. pi. 16.

B. 0. U. List of British
Birds, p. 101.

143

3. islandus (Gmel.) . .
p. 414.

„ 587

to 591

Newton’s Yarrell, p. 46.
Wolf, Zool. Sketches, vol. i.
pi. 35.

64

Skel.l

Subspecies

a. holboelli5, Sharpe . .
p. 415, pi. 13.

„ 587

to 591

Dresser, Birds of Europe,
vol. vi. pi. 371°.

13

1 Both Professor Newton and Mr. Dresser refer the Falcons of this subgenus to the
genus Falco.

2 Included by Mr. Sharpe amongst the synonyms of II. gyrfalco.

3 Of these specimens ten are European and four North-American. As to the existence
of this species on the North-American continont, see Appeudix N.

4 One of these specimens (in immature plumage) was hilled in Ross-shire.

6 For some additional remarks on H. holboelli, see Appendix N.

6 Here figured as “Falco islandus."

112

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Cat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
* Ibis ’ (years
and pages).

HIEROFALCO.

Species

4. candicans (Gmel.)..

1882, 591

p. 411.

to 594

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Vluseum.

Newton's Yarrell, p. 36.

19 1

Dresser, Birds of Europe,

vol. vi. p. 21, pis. 368,

369.

Gould, Birds of Great

Britain, vol. i. pis. 13,

14, and 15.

J. H. G. Zoologist, 1883,

p. 80.

Saunders, Ibis, 1883, p.

350.

Newton’s Yarrell, p. 30.

9

Dresser, Birds of Europe,

Skel.l

vol. vi. p. 139, pis. 386 &

387.

Seebohm, British Birds

vol. i. p. 55 2.

Family 5.

PANDIONIDiE.

Genus 1.

PANDION.

Species

1. haliaetus {Linn.)2
p. 449.

1878, 455
1882, 594

597

598

1 One of these specimens is an adult male killed at Beeston Regis in Norfolk, in
February 1848 (vide Stevenson’s ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ vol. l. p. 8). This fine Falcon was

presented to the Norwich Museum by Mr. Charles Hoare R

1 2 Neither Professor Newton, Mr. Dresser, nor Mr. Seebohrn admit the subspecific
distinctness of P. carolinensis and of P. Icucoccphalus ; Mr. Sharpe admits the latter
only. I have here separated the three races, though as intimated in my Notes, I am
not without considerable doubt as to the propriety of doing so.

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

113

Nomenclature, with references
to Sharpe’s Oat. vol. i.

References
to J. H. G.’s
Notes in the
‘Ibis’ (years
and pages).

Miscellaneous References.

Number
of speci-
mens in
Norwich
Museum.

Subspecies

a. carolinensis ? ....

( Grmel .), p. 449.

\

1882,595

to 598

Audubon, Birds of America,
pi. 81.

Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-
way, Land Birds of 1ST.
America, vol. iii. p. 184.

9

b. leucocephalus ? . .

Gould , p. 451.

„ 595

to 5981

Gould, Birds of Australia,
vol. i. pi. 6.

Scblegel,YalkYogels, pp.12,
52, pi. 3. fig. 3.

6

1 Since the publication of my Notes I have had the opportunity of measuring some
additional specimens of Pandion leucocephalus, with the following results : —

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. u.

in.

in.

in.

Gilolo, marked 8 by collector

1710

2-0

1-70

Mysol

16-90

2-0

1-60

North Oeram

Kirimoen Island, Timor Laut Group, marked 5

17-0

2-0

1-60

by collector {Mr. Forbes)

Ternate (recently added to the collection in the

16-75

20

1-70

Norwich Museum)

New-Britain Group, marked 5 by collector

16-30

1-90

1-70

(Rev. G. Brown )

17-80

2-0

1-80

u

115

APPENDIX A.

On Circus Eeruginosus and Circus spilonotus.

Mr. Seebohi*, in tlie article on Circus eeruginosus in his
‘ History of British Birds/ has introduced some interesting
remarks on the eastern range of that species, and on the
geographical distribution of its Oriental congener C. spilo-
notus, also on the remarkable Harrier from Transylvania,
figured in Dresser’s "Birds of Europe’ as “ a very old male”
of C. eeruginosus. Mr. Seebohm speaks of this specimen as
“ evidently a nearly adult male” of C. spilonotus : this it pos-
sibly may be ; but though it bears a singular resemblance to
the male of C. spilonotus when passing from the immature to
the adult dress, I have never seen an example of the latter
species exactly like it, and I incline to the opinion that it
really is an abnormally-coloured and probably a very old male
of C. eeruginosus. I have seen other males, which I refer
without doubt to C. eeruginosus, that considerably approach
this Transylvanian specimen, but differ less than it does from
the ordinary type of C. eeruginosus ; of such specimens I may
particularize five, four of which (one from Damietta, a second
from Sahara, a third from Ceylon, and the fourth from
Maunbhoom in India) are in the Norwich Museum, and the
fifth is Mr. Wright’s Malta male referred to in Mr. Dresser’s
work.

The Norwich Museum has recently added to its series of
C. spilonotus six specimens, all collected by Mr. Everett at
Papar in Northern Borneo, which locality they had probably
reached on their southern migration, as five of them were
obtained at various dates ranging from the 24th December
to the 4th January, and the sixth is also ticketed as obtained
in December, though the day of the month lias not in this
instance been recorded.

116

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

According to the measurements which I subjoin there
would appear to he amongst these specimens one female and
five males, though of the latter two have been marked “ ? ”
by the collector.

Five presumed males . . . .
One female

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle
s. V.

in.

in.

in.

15-45

3-50

1-75

to

to

to

'15-90

3-80

1-90

16-90

3-70

2-0

The males are entirely in the first year’s plumage, except
one, which has, to some extent, acquired the adult dress, espe-
cially as regards the quill-feathers and greater coverts of the
wing, and also the tail, which is grey, with the exception of
some remains of brown cross-barring.

The female and the four younger males all show more or
less of the dark cross bars on the central rectrices ; but in
three of the males it is very indistinct, and in one of the
three so effaced as to be almost indistinguishable; it is, how-
ever, clear to me that this is merely the effect of the feather
becoming worn and faded as the season for moulting has
approached. I greatly doubt a similar efiect being evei pio-
duced in this species by the age of the bird, as suggested by
Mr. Seebohm.

Immature specimens of C. spilonotus in which the dark
cross bars have been removed by fading and attrition fiom
the central rectrices cannot, in my opinion, be discriminated
with certainty from immature specimens of C. aruginosus.

APPENDIX D.

117

APPENDIX B.

On some Species of the Genas Micrastur.

The Norwich Museum and the collection of Messrs. Salvin
and Godman contain six examples of a Micrastur which
resembles the greyer-backed adults of M. guerilla, but notice-
ably differs from these in having the jugulum suffused with
rufescent buff, extending over the transverse dark and pale bars,
instead of these bars being either devoid of any such colour-
ing or suffused witli greyish brown with no tinge of fulvous
or rufous, one or other of these alternative plumages always
characterizing the adult of the true M. guerilla, from the
greyer-backed examples of which this Micrastur does not
otherwise differ. In two specimens of this fulvous-chested
Micrastur which I have examined the mantle is decidedly
grey, in one it is brownish grey, and in the remaining three
it is grey mingled with brown, the latter tint appearing chiefly
on the edges of the wing-coverts and of the lower scapulars.

The following are the localities and measurements of the
specimens above alluded to : —

Win^.

Tail.

Tarsus.

Outer
toe s. u.

Middle
toe s. u.

Inner
toe s. u.

Col-
men
s. c.

No. 1. Bahia. Coll. Salvin

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

and Godman

690

660

2-40

0-70

115

0-70

0- 60

No. 2. Ditto. Ditto

No. 6. Venezuela. Norwich

6-70

<5-00

2-25

0-80

1 20

0-75

060

Museum

6-90

7T0

2-20

0-70

MO

0-65

0-60

No. 4. U.S. Colombia. Do.

6-80

6-60

2 20

0-70

1-10

0-65

0-60

No. 5. “Brazil.” Do

No. 6. “ South America.”

0-80

G-70

2-20

O' 80

1-25

0-75

0-65

Do

705

6-75

2-25

0-70

1*16

O'OO

O' 60

J 18

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF TRUr.

I have not been able to ascertain with certainty the im-
mature plumage of this race of Micrastur ; hut I have seen
specimens from Bahia, much resembling the young of
M. guerilla, which I believe to be immature examples of the
bird now under consideration.

Specimen No. 2 in the above list is one of those alluded to
by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin in the P. Z. S. 1869, p. 367,
as a specimen “not quite mature" of “ Micrastur leucau-
chen but I am unable to accept this identification, as I am
decidedly of opinion that Temminck's plate of the bird to
which he gave the name of “ Falco leucauchen " represents
an immature example of M. ruficollis l, and the present bird
appears to me to he the adult stage of a species, or at least
of a subspecies, distinct both from M. ruficollis and from
M. guerilla.

Nos. 1 and 2 in my list have both been examined by
Mr. Rid gw ay, who has ticketed them “ M. ruficollis, grey
phase, adult," and has described one of them as the “ plum-
beous" phase of that species at p. 492 of his very valuable
monograph of the genus Mico'astur, published in the 1 Pro-
ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'
for 1875. My objection to this solution is chiefly geogra-
phical, as I have never seen the typical M. ruficollis (regarded
by Mr. Ilidgway as the rufous phase of that species) from
any locality further west than the island of Trinidad, whereas
the bird which I am considering extends its range as far
westward as the United States of Colombia.

I therefore look upon this race as a subspecies of M. gue-
rilla, intermediate between that species and M. ruficollis ; and
as the coloration of the jugulum is the point of distinction
between it and M. guerilla, I would propose for it the sub-
specific name “ jugularis ."

For comparison with the measurements given above I may
quote the following, which I have taken from twenty-two

1 In my Notes on M. ruficollis I expressed an opinion that this figure
represented an “ immature female’’ of that species ; but I now believe that
no difference of coloration exists between the sexes.

APPENDIX B.

119

specimens of M. guerilla in the collection of Messrs. Salvin
anti Godman and in the Norwich Museum :

Wing.

Tail.

Tarsus.

Outer
toe s. u.

Middle
toe s. u.

Tnner
toe s. u.

Gul-
men
s. c.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

Two unsexed adults from

Ecuador :

From Pasto

6'60

6-00

2-30

0-75

110

0-70

0-70

From Nanegal

iinperf.

iinperf.

2-30

0-85

1-20

0-70

0'70

Two adults from Vekagua, j

6'85

imperf.

2-40

0-80

1-25

0-80

c o

G* GZ
Ox O

marked 6 by collector j

7-00

6-60

2-25

0-80

1T5

0/o

Unsexed specimens from
various localities extending
from Panama to Mexico :

0-70

1T5

0-60

6-80

6 60

2-20

070

Six adults j

to

7*40

to

7*20

to

2-45

to

0-90

to

1*30

to

0 80

0-60

1

6-60

6’30

2-10

0-60

110

0'60

Twelve immature . . -j

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

7-25

690

2-40

0-85

1-30

0-80

0‘65

For the sake of further comparison, I may add the follow-
ing measurements, which I have taken from seven well-
marked, but unsexed, specimens of M. ruficollis : —

Wing.

Tail.

Tarsus.

Outer
toe s. u.

Middle
toe s. u.

Inner
toe s. u.

Cul-
men
s. c.

in.

6*60

to

7*50

in.

(3*30

to

7-80

in.

2*20

to

2-30

in.

0*70

to

0-90

in.

1*15

to

1*35

in.

0-70

to

0-75

in.

060

to

0-70

The immature plumage of M. guerilla is subject to con-
siderable individual variation, some young birds showing a
conspicuous white or yellowish-white nuchal collar, which in
many others is more or less imperfect, and in a few almost
imperceptible. The extent of the cross-barring on the under-
parts also varies greatly : in many specimens it extends over
the whole under surface of the body, in others it is partially
absent, and in a few almost entirely so ; when present, the
bars are always further apart than in the adult birds.

120

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OR PKRY.

I may add, with reference to another allied species, Micras-
tur zonothorax, that I have only seen one adult specimen of
this scarce Ilawk. This example, which is in the collection of
Messrs. Salvin and Godmau, and was recorded in the P. Z. S.
for 1873, p. 511, was obtained in Venezuela by Mr. Spence,
and marked by him as a male ; it differs from the normal
adult plumage of M. ruficolUs in the crown of the head,
though tinged with brownish grey, being less distinct in that
respect from the rufous colour of the mantle than is usual
in M. ruficollis, also in the cliocolate-brown on the sides of
the neck and on the throat being less rufescent than in
M. ruficollis, and especially in its being strictly limited to
the throat, not descending to the jugulum or upper breast
as in the adults of M. ruficollis.

Mr. Spence also obtained in Venezuela an immature spe-
cimen, which is probably referable to this species, and which
is preserved in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman ;
it bears a considerable resemblance to the immature plumage
of M. ruficollis, but it is more strongly and more regularly
barred on the under surface than is usual in the young birds
of that species, and it is also, like the adult, browner and less
rufous on the sides of the neck. The sex of this specimen has
not been noted, but it would seem, from its measurements,
to be a male.

Messrs. Salvin and Godman possess another very similar
young bird, apparently also referable to M. zonothorax, from
Porto Cabello in Venezuela, whence were obtained the type
specimens of this species now preserved in the Museum of
Berlin. This example chiefly differs from that last men-
tioned in the transverse bars on the under surface being
narrower and in the interspaces being much tinged witli
yellowish buff, except where a few feathers of the adult
plumage have appeared on the upper breast and show white
interspaces between rather broad black cross bars. This spe-
cimen has been labelled by the collector as a female, obtained
on 29th August, and having the irides “ grey-brown.”

The following are the measurements which I have taken
from the last-named three specimens : —

APPENDIX B.

121

Wing.

Tail.

Tarsus.

Outer
toe s. u.

Middle
toe s. u.

Inner
toe s. u.

Oul-
men
s. c.

d adult, Venezuela

Immature, Venezuela ....
5 immature, Porto Cabello

in.

6- 90

7- 20
7-70

in.

6- 50
6-20

7- 80

in.

2-20

2-30

2-40

in.

0-80

Cr80

0-80

in.

1-15

1-20

1-30

in.

0-70

0-70

0-90

in.

0-65

0-65

0-75

I am desirous of adding a few remarks on “ Sparvius
gilvicollis ” of Vieillot, “ Nisus concentricus ” of Lesson, and
“ Micrastur pelzelni” of Ridgway.

Messrs. Salvin and Godman, in the P. Z. S. for 1869, p. 368,
have, on the authority of Pucheran, admitted the identity of
the two first ( conf . Rev. et Mag. de Zoologie, 1850, p. 91).
It seems to me that Pucheran was probably correct in this
identification, that “Nisus concentricus ” of Lesson is founded
on the immature or partially immature plumage of the same
species as that which, in its fully adult dress, received from
Vieillot the designation of “ Sparvius gilvicollis,” and that in
this adult stage it is not separable from Micrastur pelzelni of
Rid g way.

Mr. Ridgway, in his monograph of the genus Micrastur,
to which I have already referred, writes thus under the head
of M. pelzelni : — “ In abbreviated tail it is like M. concentricus
.... but it differs very essentially in the relative length of
the lateral toes, the outer one being decidedly longer than
the inner, instead of being barely equal to it or appreciably
shorter, while the barred crissum and under wing-coverts
distinguish it at a glance from that species.” And again,
writing of M. concentricus, he remarks : — “This very distinct
species may be immediately distinguished by the peculiar
proportions of the lateral toes and by having the tail shorter
than the wing ; while in its adult dress it is unique in the
white throat and unbarred crissum and anal region, as well
as by the yellowish instead of dusky colour of the bill, though
we are not sure of the constancy of the latter feature.”

My own belief is that all these peculiarities of colouring
indicate immaturity rather than the reverse, except perhaps
the white throat, which, as also the slight differences in the

122

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

proportion of the toes, I believe to be due to individual
variation.

I annex particulars of the measurements and markings of
seventeen specimens which I have examined; and in the
result I have to express my belief that the specific names
“ concent ricus” and “pelzelni” must both sink into synonyms
of M. gilivcollis : —

No. 1. S1. Sarayacu, Upper
Ucayali. Type of M. pel-

zelni

No. 2. c? . Camacusa, Bri

tish Guiana

No. 3. S • Camacusa, Bri

tish Guiana

No. 4. c? • Camacusa, Bri-
tish Guiana (probably

wrongly sexed)

No. 5. cf- Camacusa, Bri-
tish Guiana

No. 6. d . Bartica Grove,

British Guiana

No. 7. $ . Bartica Grove,

British Guiana

No. 8. $ . Camacusa, Bri-
tish Guiana (probably

wrongly sexed)

No. 9. 2 • Yquitos, Upper

Amazons

No. 10. Yquitos, Upper

Amazons

No. 11. Brazil (?)

No. 12. Brazil (?)

No. 13. Cayenne ........

No. 14. Demerara, British
Guiana

mi. XV. —

No. 16. Sarayacu, Ecuador
No. 17. Sarayacu, Ecuador

Wing.

Tail.

Tarsus.

Outer
toe s. u.

Middle
toe s. u.

Inner
toes. u.

C ul-
men
s. c.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

*

in.

in.

6-50

6-00

2-20

0'85

1-20

070

0-60

7-15

6-45

2-30

0-80

1-20

0'75

065

6-50

6-00

2-30

080

1-20

075

0-60

7-80

6-50

2-30

0-80

1-10

0-80

0-60

7-30

615

2-30

0-75

M0

0-80

0-70

7-30

6-30

2-30

075

1-10

0-70

0-65

7-95

6-70

2-30

0-80

1-10

O' 80

070

7-30

6-50

2-30

0-75

1-10

0-70

0-65

7-40

6-70

2-45

0-80

1-20

0'75

0-75

7-40

imperf.

2-40

0-75

1-20

0'75

0'70

7-70

6-15

2-30

0-75

1-20

0-70

0-65

7-50

6-30

2-30

085

imperf.

075

0'6o

7-90

6-20

2-20

0-70

105

0-70

0-G5

7-50

6-50

2-20

0-80

M0

0-70

0-65

7-90

6-70

2-35

0-85

1-30

0-75

0-70

7-80

6-30

2-40

0-80

1-30

0-80

0-75

8-00

6-35

2-45

0-80

1-25

0-80

075

It seems to me that the differences in measurement between
the seventeen specimens whose dimensions are given above

1 The sexes, where noted, have been so marked by the collectors. The
majority of these specimens are in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and
Godman, and the remainder in the Norwich Museum.

APPENDIX H.

123

are not greater than may reasonably be accounted for either
by difference of sex or by individual variation. Ike markings
and coloration of these specimens I will now endeavour
succinctly to describe, and I think that they bear out the
conclusion which I have already indicated.

No. 1. Adult mule, Sarayacu, Upper Ucayali, type of M. pel-
zelni (shot 2nd August) . — Entire upper surface plumbeous,
tinged with brown on the lower scapulars, wings, wing-coverts,
and tail, which latter has two narrow and somewhat indistinct
whitish cross birs with a similar tip ; cheeks and ear-coverts a
lighter plumbeous ; a similar but still paler tint on the chin,
throat, and jugulum ; from thence to the extremity of the
under tail-coverts the whole under surface, including the under
wing-coverts and axillaries, regularly cross-barred with alter-
nate bands of black and white ; on the upper breast the depth
of these bands is about equal, but from thence downwards that
of the black decreases and the white increases, till, on the
under tail-coverts, the black bands are mere lines about a
quarter of an inch apart ; the bill is black, but the base of
the lower mandible and that of the upper, along the tomia,
is a yellow horn-colour.

No. 2. Adult male, British Guiana (shot 22nd April). —
Only differs from No. 1 in having the black bars on the
abdomen and under tail-coverts somewhat more strongly
marked.

No. 3. Adult male, British Guiana (shot 17th June) . — Closely
resembles No. 1, from which it only differs in the inner
lower portion of the under wing-coverts being immaculate,
and in having three pale cross bars on the tail besides
the tip.

No. 4. Adult male {unless wrongly sexed), British Guiana
(shot 21st February). — This specimen is a clear plumbeous
on the upper parts, with no tinge of brown, but the tail
blackish, with two narrow transverse bands and the tip pure
white and well defined; it has the dark cross bars on the
breast and abdomen broader than in No. ], and on the
upper hreast broader than the white bars ; the under tail-
coverts are white, spotted with plumbeous, some of the spots

124

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF l-RET.

taking the form of very imperfect bars ; in other respects it
agrees with No. 1.

No. 5. Male, not fully adult, British Guiana (shot 10th
August). — The upper surface of this specimen agrees with
that of No. 4, except that the tail has three white bars beside
the tip ; the under surface appears to me to indicate the
remains of immaturity, the white portions of the plumage
being everywhere more or less tinged with buff, except the
throat, which is pure white; the dark cross bars are very
narrow, and the buffy-white interspaces the reverse, being
from TO to ‘20 of an inch in depth; the cross-barring does
not extend below the breast, except very slightly on the outer
tibial feathers, and it does not exist on the under wing-
coverts, except very slightly towards the edge of the wing ;
the axillaries are pure white. In this specimen there is a
slight indication of the remains of a white nuchal collar
below the ear-covert on one side ; the entire lower mandible
is yellow, and this colour extends on the upper mandible to
the point, as well as .along the tomia.

No. 6. Male adult, British Guiana (shot 6th October). —
This specimen has the following particulars attached to it by
the collector : — “ Bill slate-colour, marked with yellow-ochre
at base; eye white; cere, legs, and toes orange; claws
brown.” The upper surface agrees with No. 4, except that
the throat instead of being plumbeous is white, as in No. 5,
and the dark cross bars on the upper breast are not wider
than the white interspaces; the wing-linings and axillaries
are less strongly cross-barred than in No. 4, the former
resembling those of No. 3.

No. 7. Female adult, British Guiana (shot 25th November).

From the same locality as No. 6, which it closely resembles ;

but the dark cross bars on the under tail-coverts are much
more strongly marked; it has the following particulars
attached to it by the collector “ Eye white; bill bluish
black ; lower (mandible) greenish yellow ; cere blood-orange
colour; legs and toes orange-yellow; claws horn- colour.”

No. 8. Female ( unless wrongly sewed) in change, British
Guiana (shot (Jth April) .—This specimen has a decided tint

APPENDIX B.

125

of brown on all the upper parts, except the nape, where adult
plumbeous feathers have appeai’ed ; hut on one side of the
neck there are conspicuous remains of a white nuchal collar ;
the tail has three imperfect transverse white bars besides the
tip; the upper breast, some portions of the lower and of the
abdomen, and also the tibiae, have acquired the adult plu-
mage, and resemble those parts in No. 1 ; hut on the
remainder of the breast and abdomen, and also on the flanks,
the immature plumage is retained; while the dark cross bars
are narrower add at a much greater distance from each other
than in the adult dress, the light interspaces being more or
less tinged with huff; the under wing-coverts and axillaries
seem to be in the adult state, and resemble those of No. 1 .

No. 9. Female, nearly adult, Yquitos, Upper Amazons (shot
13th June). — This specimen is marked by the collector as
having the “eye pinkish brown ■/’ and its being this colour
rather than white, as in Nos. 5 and 6, may he an indication
of immaturity, to which I also attribute a slight huffy tint
pervading the light portions of the breast and abdomen ; the
centre of the abdomen is free from cross bars, but these are
strongly mai’ked on the tibiae and under tail-coverts; the
under wing-coverts are imperfectly cross-barred, and there
are three white cross bars on the tail. With the exceptions
here noted, it agrees with No. 1.

No. 10. A younger bird from the same locality (shot 21st
October). — This bird is slightly browner on the upper parts
than the preceding, and the two white bars on the tail are
not quite so narrow ; the throat is greyish white ; adult
cross- barred feathers have appeared on the jugulum and
breast, also very slightly on the flanks, tibiae, and outer
portion of the lower under wing-coverts ; the upper mandible
is slightly tipped with horn-colour ; with these exceptions all
the under surface is white, slightly tinged with buff.

Nos. 11 and 12. Adults, said to be from Brazil. — Both
these specimens agree with No. 1, except that the under
wing-coverts are only partially cross-barred, and that there
are no transverse bars on the under tail-coverts.

No. 13. An immature bird from Cayenne. — Very similar

126

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

to No. 10, but the adult cross-barred feathers occupy a larger
portion of the breast; the bill is coloured as in No. 5 ; there
are three white cross bars on the tail, besides the tip.

No. 14. Immature in change , British Guiana. — Very similar
to No. 10, but with only two -white cross bars on the tail.
This specimen, and also Nos. 10, 11, 15, and 16 (all more or
less in immature plumage), agrees with No. 5 in having a
white mark below the ear-coverts ; hut in these specimens this
remnant of a nuchal collar is much smaller than in the
immature bird No. 8.

No. 15. Immature, Sarayacu, East Ecuador 1 (shot in
February). — The entire upper surface dark brown, blackish
on the crown of the head; the tail with three white bars
besides the tip; bill as in No. 10; under surface as in No. 5,
but with the cross bars on the upper breast somewhat
broken and not fully developed. This specimen has the pecu-
liarity of a plumbeous gorget, about ‘20 of an inch in depth,
across the jugulum.

No. 16. Immature, Sarayacu, East Ecuador. — Similar to
No. 15, but with the cross bars on the breast much more
stronglv and regularly marked, and no gorget across the
jugulum.

No. 17. Adult, Sarayacu, East Ecuador (shot in February).

This specimen only differs from No. 1 in having the centre

of the abdomen free from cross bars, and but a very slight
indication of them on the under tail-coverts.

It is worthy of remark that D’Orbigny, who states that he
met with this species in Bolivia ( vide ‘Voyage/ Oiseaux,
p. 88), describes the colour of the iris as a clear yellow.

1 Not the same as the locality of the like name where the type of
M. pelzelni was obtained.

APPENDIX C.

127

APPENDIX C.

On Urospizias dampieri, U. etorques, and U. misoriensis.

Two specimen^ of Urospizias dampieri, which, so far as I know,
were the first sent to Europe, formed part of a collection of
birds thus described by Dr. Sclater in the P. Z. S. for 1877,
p. 96 : — “ Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., in
Duke-of-York Island and on the adjoining parts of New Ire-
land and New Britain.” In this paper (at p. 109) Dr. Sclater,
referring to these two Hawks under the title of “Accipiter
etorques ,” wrote thus respecting them : — “ An adult and a

young specimen, apparently of this new species, are

in the collection, but without exact locality.”

These two specimens passed into the possession of the late
Lord Tweeddale, and are now in that of Capt. R. G. Wardlaw
Ramsay, who has kindly permitted me to examine them ;
they appear to me by their measurements to be both males,
the adult bird being certainly referable to Urospizias dampieri,
and, in my opinion, the immature specimen also, though it
has been suggested by Count Salvadori that the latter is a
young Leucospizias poliocephalus in a rufous phase of plumage
(vide Orn. della Papuasia e delle Molucche, pt. 1, pp. 45,

The following are the measurements of these specimens,
which may be compared with those that I have recorded in
the ‘ Ibis’ for 1882, p. 128 : —

47).

Presumed mules.

Wing. Tarsus. Middle
toe s. u.

O. I

in- in. in.

8-50 2-20 1-30

8-20 2-20 1-30

in.

Adult (bearing Mr. Brown’s mark “No. 62”) 8-50
Immature (ditto ditto “ No. 66 ”) 8'20

It may be useful to add the following details of their

128

LTST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

coloration, especially as the younger bird lias not been
described, except in Count Salvadori’s article above referred
to. Commencing with the latter, the crown of the head is
dark rufous, with somewhat paler edges to the feathers, which
have also white bases, partially apparent ; on the centre of
the vertex some slate- col oured feathers of the next plumage
have appeared, which are a little darker than the correspond-
ing feathers in the adult male ; the feathers above and below
the eye and upon the cheeks are yellowish white, with minute
blackish- brown centres ; the nuchal collar is black, but with
partially apparent white bases to the feathers ; on the sides
of the neck the feathers are dark brown, with conspicuous
yellowish-white edges; the interscapular feathers are yel-
lowish white, but each feather bears a dark brown shaft-mark
and cross bar and a broad rufous-brown tip ; the remaindei
of the mantle is rich rufous, with concealed yellowish- white
bases to the feathers of the wing-coverts (as also to the quill-
feathers of the wings), but this rufous colour is tinged with
blackish on and adjoining the shafts of the feathers, the
inner webs of which, except on the least wing-coverts, aie of
a pale rufous, save at the tips, and are transversely barred
-with blackish brown ; the tail is rufous, cross-barred with
brown, indistinctly on the central pair of rectrices, but very
distinctly on the inner webs of the others, six bars being
perceptible on the central and eight on the external rectrices ;
the entire underparts are yellowish white, sparsely varied
with longitudinal and partially sagittate brown markings,
except on the under wing-coverts, which are immaculate.

In the accompanying adult specimen the entire upper
surface is slaty grey, but this is paler on the head, nape, and
cheeks than it is elsewhere ; the tail is a uniform slaty grey,
with the exception of slight traces of cross bars on the inner
webs of some of the lateral rectrices ; on the under surface
the tail is brownish grey, but all the other underparts are
vinous, that hue being palest on the throat, and disposed in
bars of two shades, a paler and a darker alternately, on the
wing-linings, axillaries, and crissum, also, indistinctly, on the
abdomen and thighs.

APPENDIX C.

129

Another adult male recently added to the collection at
the British Museum is considei’ahly smaller than that above
described, and also than the male previously in the Museum,
of 'which I gave the dimensions in the ‘Ibis^ for 1882, p. 128 ,
this specimen measures as under : —

in.

Wing 7 '90

Tarsus 1‘80

Middle toe s. 1‘35

It was obtained from the Museum Godeffroy, having been
collected in New Britain by Mr. Kleinschmidt. Another Hawk
from the same locality, and obtained by the same collector,
was sent with it to the British Museum as an immature
female of U. dampieri ; but, in my opinion, it is a male of
U. torquatus in the dress assumed by that species in its
passage from the immature to the fully adult plumage.

One of the three adult females of U. dampieri collected by
Lieut. Richards and described by me, under the erroneous
appellation of TJ. etorques, in the f Ibis'1 for 1882, p. 126, was
acquired by the Norwich Museum, which has subsequently
obtained a second specimen, also collected in New Britain
and marked “ ? ” by the collector. This female closely re-
sembles those obtained by Lieut. Richards ; it has no cross
bars on any of the rectrices except the two outer pairs, and
these appear to belong to the immature dress, the entire
remainder of the plumage being adult ; this specimen

measures : —

in.

Wing 9T5

Tarsus 2'40

Middle toe s.u 1*40

Culmen without cere 0'85

Another recent acquisition of the Norwich Museum is a
second specimen of Urospizias etorques, collected by Mr. A.
A. Bruijn, of Ternate, in Jobie Island, and marked by him
as a female.

This specimen is very similar to the female from the
Astrolabe Mountains, previously possessed by the Norwich

R

130

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FREY.

Museum and described in the ‘Ibis' for 1882, pp. 453, 454,
the only differences of marking which I observe between
them being on the rectrices and under wing-coverts. In the
Jobie Island bird the number of dark cross bars on the
central rectrices is eleven, and they are somewhat more
distinct than the corresponding bars in the Astrolabe speci-
men, which are only nine in number ; the subterminal bar is
rather narrower in the Jobie Island female than in that from
the Astrolabe range. In both specimens all the rectrices are
transversely barred, but the exterior pair on the inner web
only. It may be well to note that a new and partly-groivn
rectrice in the Jobie Island bird shows the cross bars as
strongly marked as they are on the older rectrices.

In both specimens the under wing-coverts exhibit trans-
verse bars of the same alternate tints as those on the breast,
these being, howrever, more distinctly marked in the Astro-
labe specimen than in that from Jobie Island.

In both specimens the throat and chin are transversely
barred with alternate narrow bands of grey and pale fulvous
brown.

The Jobie Island female of U. etorques is slightly smaller
than that from the Astrolabe Mountains, of which I recorded
the dimensions in the ‘ Ibis,' 1882 ( loc . cit.) ; it measures :

in.

9*90

A1J&

2-40

1-70

Culmen without cere

0-90

A much smaller Hawk, also collected by Mr. Bruijn in the
island of Jobie, and ticketed by him as a female, was added
to the collection in the Norwich Museum at the same time
as the Jobie example of U. etorques. This Hawk, which is
nearly adult, is, if I mistake not, an example of U. misori-
ensis, a species which I believe had been previously met with
only in the island of Misori (or Mysore).; but as this island
and that of Jobie are both situate in Geelvink Bay, there is
no improbability in this species being found in Jobie as w ell
as in Misori.

ATI’ENDIX C.

131

This specimen measures as under : —

in.

Wing

Tarsus 2-40

Middle toe s. u T40

Culmen without cere 0-70

The upper surface is of a clear bluish grey, palest on the
sides of the head and darkest on the primaries, where the
grey of the mantle passes into deep slaty brown. This grey
tint is evidently that of the adult dress, some immature
feathers which remain amongst the primaries, secondaries,
and wing-coverts being of a much browner hue. In the
immature plumage, but not in the adult, the primaries and
the secondaries exhibit dark cross bars on the inner web ;
these exist throughout the whole length of the secondaries
and on the basal portion of the primaries above the emargi-
nation ; the interspaces in the latter, and to a slighter extent
in the former, are tinged with pale fulvous brown.

All the rectrices, except the two external pairs, belong to
the adult plumage, and are a pale grey, the central pair
being entirely free from bars and the others cross-barred on
the inner web only, and that somewhat indistinctly ; the four
external rectrices, which remain from the immature dress, are
hrown, with distinct darker transverse bars on both webs.

The throat is very indistinctly cross-barred with pale ful-
vous, alternating with grey and with white, the latter pre-
dominating; the remainder of the under surface of the body,
and also the under wing-coverts, is of an unbroken vinous
tint, only varied by slight and indistinct darker cross bars on
the basal portion of the feathers of the upper breast and by
similar but more distinct markings on the lowest feathers of
the under wing-coverts, the latter appearing to be the remains
of the immature dress ; also by some remains of immature
plumage along the central portion of the abdomen, consisting
of several white feathers with longitudinal central brown
marks more or less sagittate in form, the actual shaft of these
feathers being tinged with vinous.

132

LIST OF MURXAL BIRDS OF FRET.

APPENDIX D.

On the Spotted Eagles obtained in Cornwall and Ireland.

I have stated in my Notes that after examining the two
Spotted Eagles killed in Cornwall, I considered that they
belonged to the larger race ( Aquila clanga ) ; Mr. Seebohm,
in his work on British Birds, p. 107, suggests, on the con-
trary, that probably both these birds, and certainly the one
which is preserved in the Truro Museum, are, in reality,
examples of the smaller race (A. pomarina ).

With reference to this suggestion, I wish to observe that
neither of these birds has the fulvous nuchal patch peculiar
to the immature A. pomarina : the Truro specimen is certainly
without it, and the late Mr. Rodd assured me that it was
also absent, as it appeared to me to be, in the other Cornish
specimen, which was in his possession when I saw it ; and
although this bird was so cased as only partially to show the
back of the neck, I think that I should have been able to
detect the nuchal patch had it been present, and that I
should not have failed to do so.

I may add that Mr. A. G. More, who, at my request, has
very kindly examined the Irish-killed Spotted Eagle in the
Museum of Trinity College, Dublin, informs me that in
that specimen there is also “ no trace of a fulvous nuchal
patch.”

As these three specimens are all immature, I believe the
absence of a nuchal patch is a sufficient justification for
referring them to A. clanga, although, if this identification
be correct, they are small individuals of that larger race,
but I think not so small as to be necessarily excluded
from it.

APPENDIX D.

133

Mr. Seebohm refers to a statement of mine as to the appa-
rent length of the wing in the Truro specimen ; but it is fair
to add that my figure, which he quotes, was only an estimate
made through the glass of the unopened case containing the
bird, and therefore much less reliable than an actual measure-
ment.

134

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

APPENDIX E.

On the Species of the Genus Buteo found in Asia.

Mr. Sharpe cites Buteo leucocephalus of Hodgson and
B. aquilinus, also of Hodgson, as synonyms of B.ferox-, but
the bird described by Hodgson under the first of these names
in the P. Z. S. for 1845, p. 37, which was “ caught beyond
the snows of Thibet,” appears to me to belong, without doubt,
to the same species as that for which Temminck and Scblegel
proposed the specific name of hemilasius , founded on a
Japanese, specimen, in 1850 ( vide ‘ Fauna Japonica/ Aves,
p. 18, pi. 7). I therefore now adopt “leucocephalus” as the
oldest specific name of this Buzzard, instead of that of hemi-
lasius employed in my Notes.

Hodgson applied the specific name of aquilinus to the same
species subsequently to that of leucocephalus , and called it
“ Buteo leucocephalus vel aquilinus / in a paper On the
Buzzards of the Himalaya and Thibet,” published in the
« Calcutta Journal of Natural History/ vol. viii. p. 94, where
he again alludes to it as brought “ from Thibet/ This loca-
lity was that of the type specimen of Hodgson’s B. leucoce-
phalus, but not of the type of his B. aquilinus, which latter,

1 Mr. Huuie writes to the following effect in ‘ Stray Feathers, v ol. iv.
p. 359 (footnote) “ It is impossible to say whether aquilinus, or Hodg-
son’s other name leucocephalus, should stand ; the latter was read at the
Zoological Society on the 8th April, 1845, hut when the record of this
reading was published I cannot ascertain : aquilinus appeared in the
J. A. S. B. for 1st April, 1845, but when this actually appeared is doubt-
ful ; the numbers were often months in arrear.” The species was, how-
ever, noticed, under the title of “ Autaquila leucocepliala, in the list of
Nipalese Birds collected by Mr. Hodgson, at p. 81 of the volume for 1844
of J. E. Gray’s ‘Zoological Miscellany;’ and although no description of
the bird is there given, I think the fact of its record in 1844 under the
specific title of “ leucocephala ” points to that being its older and original
designation.

APPENDIX E.

135

now preserved in the British Museum, was obtained by him
in Nepal. This last-mentioned example, which appears to me
to be identical with B. leucocephalus, has been described in
Mr. Sharpe's Catalogue (p. 178) as a “very old" example of
Buteo ferox, under which name it is also figured at pi. 8 of
the same volume1 — but unfortunately somewhat incorrectly,
the bare portion of the front of the tarsus being represented
as scutellated quite across, whereas it is, in fact, entirely
covered with reticulated scales. I have never examined an
example of B. leucocephalus in which this reticulation did not
exist • and I can vouch for its presence not only in the speci-
men above referred to, but in six others preserved in the
British, Paris, and Norwich Museums.

The reticulation of this portion of the tarsus is, however,
composed of larger scales in some individuals than in others.

This reticulation was thus described by Hodgson in the
P. Z. S. 1845, p. 37 — “Tarse two thirds plumed in front, and
the nude part reticulate, not scutellate ; " and thus by the
authors of the 'Fauna Japonica' (Aves), in their article
already referred to — “ Les parties nues du tiers inferieur du
tarse sont revetues .... d'ecailles passablement larges, par-
ticulierement vers le devant, oii elles prennent la torme de
petites plaques disposees en reseau."

This “ reseau" (network) on the front of the lower part of
the tarsus is well shown in Mr. Wolf’s excellent figure at
pi. 7 of the ' Fauna Japonica,' and also in the plate of this
species in David and Oustalet’s f Oiseaux de la Chine.'

Mr. Hume, in ‘ Stray Feathers,' vol. iv. p. 367, adverting
to the curious fact that in some, though comparatively few,
specimens of Buteo ferox the front of the tarsus exhibits more
or less of an abnormal reticulation of a character similar to
that which appears to be constant in B. leucocephalus, remarks,
“Although in several specimens of ferox the scutation makes
a decided approach to that of my specimen of acjuilinus, in no

1 This plate has been rightly referred to Buteo leucocephalus ( =hemi -
lasius) by MM. David and Oustalet in the ‘ Ois. de la Chine,’ p. 19; these
authors use, however, for this species the specific name of hernilasius , and
not that of leucocephalus.

136

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

single specimen out of 120 does it appear to be so thoroughly
and entirely reticulate as in that species.”

The only instance in -which I have met, in an example of
B. ferox, with a tarsus as completely reticulate as in B. leuco-
cephalus is that of a specimen in the collection of Mr. See-
bolim, which was formerly in that of the late Mr. A. Anderson,
hut which has no locality attached to it.

I refer this specimen to B. ferox, as its general dimensions
appear to be hardly large enough for B. leucocephalus, hut
more especially on account of the smaller size of the claw of
the inner toe, which measures along the curve about IT,
whereas in a female B. leucocephalus in the Norwich Museum
this claw measures fully 1 '4, and in another female referred
to by Mr. Hume, who points out this peculiarity of B. leuco-
cephalus in his article which I have already quoted, it
measured T85.

The other dimensions of Mr. Seebohm's specimen are : —

in.

Wing 17-46

Tarsus S‘30

Middle toe 1'90

The specimen of B. leucocephalus in the British Museum,
which is the type of Hodgson's B. aquilinus, has no memo-
randum of sex attached to it ; but its dimensions, which are
as under, perhaps indicate that it is a male, though a still
smaller specimen (with a wing measuring only 18-60) is
stated by Mr. Hume (l. c .) to have been a female. I add,
for comparison, the measurements of five other specimens,
all ticketed by the collectors as females

Wing.

in.

In the British Museum :

Type of B. aquilinus 18-50

$ . Dauria 20°0

2 . Hangchow, China 19-50

2 . Pootuug, China 19-50

2 ■ Shanghae, China 19"30

In the Norwich Museum : 2 ■ Shanghae . . 18-90

Tarsus.

in.

3-25

3-60

3-30

3-30

3-40

3-40'

Middle
toe s. u.
in.
1-60
1-80
1-90
1-90
1-70
1-80

1 In the ‘Ibis’ for 1876, p. 369, 1 erroneously gave this measurement
as 3-20.

APPENDIX E.

137

Mr. Hume, in 'Stray Feathers/ vol. iv. p. 364, gives
measurements of B.ferox which yield the following results
deduced from 94 sexed specimens, showing that it is, on the
average, somewhat inferior in size to B. leucocephalus :

Wing. Tarsus.

in. in. in. in.

Males 16-25 to 17-76 3-20 to 3-75

Females 18 00 to 19'25 3'20 to 3'80

The occasional abnormal reticulation in the unfeathered
portion of the front of the tarsus which has been observed
in B.ferox occurs also, and somewhat more frequently, in
B. plumipes. I have observed in this species a complete
reticulation taking the place of the ordinary scutellation
in the following specimens preserved in the British and
Norwich Museums, viz. five from Japan, one from China,
and one from Kashmir, and a partial reticulation in one from
Japan, four from China, one from Nepal, and one from
Northern India.

A specimen of this Buzzard exhibiting the above peculi-
arity and obtained in Sikkim is referred to by Mr. Blanford
in the 'Ibis’ for 1872, p. 87.

I have, in my Notes, expressed some doubt as to the iden-
tity of B. plumipes and B. japonicus ; but I now believe them
to be referable to the same species, though it is remarkable
that the melanistic phase, for which Hodgson proposed the
specific name of plumipes, has never, so far as I am aware,
been obtained either in Japan or in China, but only in the
more westerly regions inhabited by this Buzzard. It is also
remarkable that though immature specimens from China and
Japan almost invariably exhibit a pale plumage, more or less
closely corresponding with that represented in the ' Fauna
Japonica’ (Aves), pi. 6 b1, this pale plumage is comparatively

1 An exception to this rule is, however, recorded in the ‘ Ibis’ for 1878,
p. 248, by Messrs. Blaldston and Fryer, who state that at Fujisan, in
Japan, “ a young bird was obtained from the nest of a dark colour.”

138

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PliFY.

rare amongst specimens of similar age from more western
countries, most of these being decidedly darker, and, when
not melanistic, much tinged with rufous. With reference to
the plumage of adult specimens, I may remark that an adult
male from Kashmir, in the Norwich Museum, agrees closely
in coloration and markings with the figure of an adult from
Japan in the f Fauna JaponicaJ (Ayes), pi. 6, and with adult
specimens from Japan and Eastern China, which leads me to
think that such geographical discrepancy of coloration as
exists is probably limited to immature and to melanistic
individuals.

The similarity which frequently occurs between immature
specimens of B. plumipes and those of its two nearly allied
western congeners, B. vulgaris and B. desertorum, renders it
difficult to ascertain with precision the eastern limit to the
geographical range of the two latter species, as well as the
western limit of B. plumipes.

The most -westerly specimen of B. plumipes which I recol-
lect to have examined is one from Kliokand, in the posses-
sion of Mr. Seebolim ; it is an immature bird in the pale
phase of plumage, and has the abnormal peculiarity of all
the rectrices, except the three external pairs, being destitute
of any cross bars, in lieu of which they merely exhibit a
slight irregular mottling.

Of the two most easterly examples of B. vulgaris which
have come under my notice, one, which is also in Mr. See-
bohm’s collection, is an adult female, shot 17th April, on
the Altai Mountains, the other being an adult male in the
Norwich Museum, from Ursem in Northern India.

Another remarkable Buzzard in Mr. Seebolim’s collection
is a specimen from Krasnoyarsk ; it is quite a young biid,
with ten dark bars across the tail, and in its colour resembles
the rufous phase of the immature B. plumipes ; but it has
been marked as a female by the collector j and if this be cor-
rect, it must, I think, from its small dimensions, be considered
to be an eastern example of B. desertorum, though in the
latter species the immature bird is usually less rufous than

APPENDIX E.

139

the adult. The following are the measurements of this spe-

cimen : —

Wing

Tarsus

Middle toe $. u.

in.

14-25

2-75

1-45

which are too small to agree with normal females of B. plu-
mipes, as may be seen by a reference to ‘ Stray Feathers,
vol. v. p. 67.

With reference to the eastern range of B. desertorum, I
may add that Mr. Hume has recorded, in ‘ Stray Feathers/
vol. x. p. 159, a very small male Buzzard, which probably
belongs to this species ; it was shot by Mr. Davison on the
Brahmagari Hills, in Southern India, on 16th April, 1881.
I believe that this specimen is the only reliable ground for
including India amongst the countries inhabited by this
species1, and that the Buzzards from Etawah, Nepal, and
Madras, preserved in the British Museum, and inserted in
Mr. Sharpe’s Catalogue under the head of B. desertorum,
should rather be referred to B. plumipes.

I may here remark that melanism seems to be of much
rarer occurrence in B. desertorum than in either B. ferox or
B. plumipes. I only know one instance of it, a specimen
obtained by Sir A. Smith in Southern Africa, and now pre-
served in the British Museum.

The same collection now also contains the Everley Buzzard
alluded to in my Notes, which I have recently reexamined,
and consider to he an unquestionable example of B. deser-
torum.

I would conclude these remarks upon the Buzzards found
in Asia by referring to Buteo menetriesi, a recently described
species mentioned by Mr. Seebohm in his paper on the
“Birds of the Caucasus’'’ ( vide ‘Ibis/ 1883, p. 5).

I have been indebted to Mr. Seebohm’s kindness for the
opportunity of consulting a translation of Mr. Bogdanow’s
account of four specimens of this Buzzard, and I have

1 Vide B. 0. U. List of British Birds, p. 94.

140

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRE5T.

extracted from it the following sentence relating to the
coloration of the tail, which I here insert because it describes
the rectrices as less free from transverse markings than might
be inferred from the paragraph relating to this species in
Mr. Seebohm’s paper : — “The centre feathers of the tail are of
a pure carroty colour, with white shafts ; on the extreme part
there is one broad, and two, three, or four small narrow
unequal black bars ; the outside tail-feathers have the ex-
ternal web black-brown, with a grey shading, or carroty
brown, the inner web is carroty, relieved here and there by
a brown shading, and on both are black-brown cross bars
throughout the entire length of the feather ; the outermost
feather is very broad, and the quill is white ; beneath the tail
is a light carroty colour with a whitish reflection, and only
the extreme black-brown margin is faintly distinguishable.”

APPENDIX F.

141

APPENDIX F.

On Buteo solitarius.

Ii

Dr. Sclater, in his account of the birds collected in the
Sandwich Islands during the visit of the f Challenger ’ to
Hilo Bay, published in the P. Z. S. for 1878, p. 346, and
subsequently in the ‘ Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S.
Challenger/ pt. 8, p. 93, mentions, under the head of Buteo
solitarius, that “two specimens were obtained, but one of
them was subsequently lost.” The specimen supposed to have
been lost has since come to light; a ticket had been attached
to it (apparently through some inadvertent error) which
bears an inscription to the following effect : — “ $ . Yedo Bay,
J apan. Eyes brown ; ” and this led to its being misnamed
“ Buteo japonicus.” Both specimens are preserved in the
British Museum, and both are undoubtedly referable to
B. solitarius.

The following are the principal measurements of this
second specimen, and they are very nearly identical with
those of the female already described and figured iu the
‘ Zoology of the Voyage of the Challenger/ viz. : —

in.

Wing H-8

Tarsus 2-8

Middle toe s.u 1-8

Culmen, exclusive of cere IT

Speaking of the first specimen as no. 1, and of the second
as no. 2, I may state that the latter agrees with the former
in the scutellation of the tarsus and foot, in the form of the
bill, and in the emargination of the inner webs of the four
first primaries; it also agrees in markings and coloration.

142

LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRJ3Y.

with some exceptions, which probably indicate (when con-
sidered as a whole) that it is a younger specimen, and which
I have thus noted : — In no. 2 the dark cross bars on the pri-
maries are only rudimentary ; there is a slight rufous tinge
on the sides of the throat and neck, also on the nape and on
the least wing-coverts near the carpal joint. In no. 2 all the
feathers of the underparts are browner than in no. 1 ; those
on the throat are white with rather broad brown centres ; on
the upper breast the feathers are similar, hut a little darker ;
those of the lower breast are yellowish white, with large and
conspicuous brown shaft-marks ; on the abdomen the feathers
are yellowish brown, largely barred and tipped with dark
brown, and the crissum is barred with alternate bands of dark
and of rufous-brown. In specimen 2 the number of cross
bars on the central rectrices is nine, including the sub ter-
minal one, which has been almost obliterated by wear and
weather, but on a new rectrice which has appeared the bars
are much less distinct than on the older. In no. 2 the under
wing-coverts, excepting the lowest row, and also the axillaries
are much darker and more rufous than in no. 1 ; and this
colour extends in no. 2 to the edge of the wing, where the
corresponding feathers in no. 1 are of a nearly immaculate
cream-colour.

I may add that, in a communication which I recently
received from Mr. S. B. Bole, ot Honolulu, that gentleman,
referring to this species, writes that “ it frequents the ocean
and builds in inaccessible places/’

APPENDIX G.

143

APPENDIX G.

On I^uteo leucops and Buteo galapagensis.

Amongst the synonyms of Buteo galapagensis Mr. Sharpe
places B. leucops of G. R. Gray, a name given by Mr. Gray
to a single specimen in tbe British Museum which was col-
lected daring the voyage of the f Beagle/ and was thus
entered in the list of specimens of Birds in the British
Museum, published in 1844 : — “ The Galapagos Buzzard,
Buteo galapagoensis, Craxirex galapagoensis, Gould, Voy. of
Beagle, Zool. t. 2. (a) Galapagos Archipelago, presented

by Sir W. Burnett and Capt. Fitzroy, R.N.” In the next
edition of the museum list, published in 1848, the title of
this specimen was altered to “ Buteo leucops, the White-faced
Buzzard/’ no. 13, p. 36; in Mr. Gray's f Hand-list’ (1869)
it appears as “ Tachy triorchis leucops,” no. 64, and as distinct
from “ Craxirex galapagoensis,” no. 47.

I have recently examined this specimen without being able
entirely to satisfy myself as to the species to which it really
belongs. It is a very young bird, as is proved by the appear-
ance of the corners of the mouth and by the bases of the
primaries being still in their sheaths ; it bears a general
resemblance in coloration to the first plumage of both
B. galapagensis and B. erythronotus, differing, however, from
any specimen which I have seen of either in that dress in
being much less variegated on the interscapular and upper
scapular feathers, that appearance being caused by the
fulvous edgings to those feathers being in B. leucops ex-
tremely narrow and inconspicuous.

In the first plumage of Buteo erythronotus all the tints of

144

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

brown, both the darker and also the paler and more fulvous,
are decidedly less intense than in B. galapagensis of a cor-
responding age ; and in this respect B. leucops resembles the
immature B. erythronotus , as it also does in its narrow white
frontlet, which is entirely absent in all the immature speci-
mens that I have seen of B. galapagensis.

The dimensions of B. leucops agree fairly with those of the
smaller males of B. erythronotus, but differ from those ot the
males of B. galapagensis in the following particulars, viz. the
tarsus in B. leucops is a little longer, hut the measurements
of the middle toe, the wing, and the hill are all less ; it
should, however, be added that immature examples of
B. galapagensis only partially exhibit the remarkable develop-
ment of the hill which especially characterizes the adults of
that species.

On the whole, I incline to the opinion that B. leucops
should he referred to B. erythronotus rather than to B. gala-
pagensis, or it may possibly be the young of some South-
American species distinct from both1. II it he not a young
B. galapagensis, the locality assigned to it is probably, through

some accident, a mistaken one.

I have taken the annexed measurements (p. 145) of the
specimens of Buteo galapagensis now in the British Museum
and in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, and
also of the specimen which bears the name of Buteo leucops,
to which I have added, for comparison, those of two males of
Buteo erythronotus, preserved in the Norwich Museum, one
being quite a young specimen, and the other an adult.

1 In B. leucops the first three primaries only are emarginated, in -which
it resembles the other Buzzards of the group to which it belongs.

APPENDIX G.

145

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. u

Oulmen
exclusive
of cere.

Lower

mandible

from

gape.

Depth
of upper
mandible
next the
cere.

Buteo galapagensis.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

Females ascertained or
presumed.

Adult specimens :

Abingdon Island

17-30

3-05

2-20

1-40

1-80

0-60

Indefatigable Island ....

17-40

2-80

1-90

1-40

1-80

0-60

Immature specimens :

The Galapagos

17T5

3-00

2-00

1-30

1-75

0-55

Indefatigable Island ....

17-40

2-70

2-00

1-40

1-55

0-55

Ditto

16-80

3-10

200

1-30

1-70

0-65

Males ascertained or
presumed.

Adult specimens :

The Galapagos

15-05

2-80

1-80

1-30

1-45

0-50

Abingdon Island

15-50

2-70

2-00

1-25

1-55

0-55

Indefatigable Island ....

15-90

2 70

2-05

1-35

1-65

0-55

Immature specimen :
Indefatigable Island ....

15-50

2-60

1-75

1-10

1-35

0-55

Buteo leucops (type)

14-50

3-00

1-30

0-90

1-30

0-30

Young male of B. erythro-
notus

14-55

305

1-50

0-90

1-30

0-45

Adult male of B. erythro-
notus

15-0

3-00

1-50

1-05 ‘

1-25

0-50

146

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRF.Y.

APPENDIX H.

On the Genus Buteola.

The genus Buteola lias, as stated by Mr. Sliarpe at p. 158
of his Catalogue, a “ distinct central tubercle” in the nostril,
which I think is a sufficient ground for separating it from
the genus Buteo, even when the latter term is used in the
somewhat wide sense in which I have employed it ; this
tubercle is, however, usually destroyed in the preparation of
the skin, and is, in consequence, imperceptible in the
majority of specimens.

As regards the melanistic phase of Buteola brachyura, I
think that its existence is proved by a completely melanistic
male from Veragua in the possession of Messrs. Salvin and
Godman, in which the nostrils most distinctly show the

characteristic central tubercle.

In the ‘ Ibis' for 1876 I endeavoured (at pp. 477 and 478)
to define the differences which I then thought might be
traced between Buteo fuliginosus, Sclater, and the melanistic
state of Buteola brachyura ; but I now believe that these dif-
ferences are merely individual and not specific, and that this
being so, Buteo fuliginosus must sink into a synonym of
Buteola brachyura : this view, in which Mr. Salvin concurs,
is more fully explained in a letter written by me, which will
be found quoted in Mr. Ridgway's paper on this subject,
published in the 6th volume of the f Bulletin of the Nuttall
Ornithological Club/ p. 207. Mr. Ridgway, in this article,
mentions that he had never seen a specimen of B. brachyura
in which the coloration was intermediate between the normal
and the melanistic plumage ; and I may therefore mention
that such a specimen, a male from Jalapa in Mexico, exists
in the Norwich Museum : this example is melanistic through-

APPENDIX H.

147

out, except that the black on the underparts is varied by
longitudinal markings of white, or pale fulvous, on the edges
of most of the feathers ; there is also an admixture of fulvous
on the ear-coverts, and of white on the under wing-coverts,
the sides of the upper tail-coverts, the basal portions of the
nuchal feathers, and very slightly on the thighs, which latter
are also indistinctly cross-barred with rufous.

I have given, in my Notes (c Ibis/ 1876, p. 479), the mea-
surements of several specimens, all of which I now consider to
be referable to brachyura ; since then the Norwich Museum
has acquired one, and Messrs. Salvin and Grodman three
additional examples, the dimensions of which I subjoin : —

Wing.

Distance
from tip
of tertials
to tip of
primaries.

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. u.

Melanistie :

Norwich Museum ; Costa

in.

in.

in.

in.

Rica

Collection of Salvin and
Godman ; U. S. Co-
lombia (marked by

12-40

3-60

2-20

1-70

collector)

Normal :

11-85

3-40

2-10

1-60

Adult ; Bolivia

Immature :

1310

3-20

2-35

1-65

Costa Rica

12-55

4-30

2-20

1-50

I was not aware, when I referred in my notes to a nearly
allied species, which stands there and in Mr. Sharpe's f Cata-
logue ' as “ Asturina leucorrhoa,” that it, like the last-named
species, has a central nasal tubercle, which, when uninjured,
resembles in its position that of Buteola brachyura , and which
I think, is a reason for considering it a second member of
the latter genus, though not a typical one. I believe
that its true position is that of a connecting link between
Buteola brachyura and the genus Rupornis, which latter it
resembles in having slightly shorter wings, in proportion,
than B. brachyura, and the iris yellow instead of brown,
as in B. bruchyura.

s 2

148

LIST OF DIURNAL BTRDS OF PREY.

APPENDIX I.

On Urubitinga zonura and Urubitinga ridgwayi.

Mr. Ridgway, in tbe article in his ‘ Studies of American
Falconid^e, relating to Urubitinga zonura, remarks: — “The
South- American and. Middle-American specimens of this
species are so easily distinguished that they seem to he
separable as well-marked geographical races ” ; and he adds
a summary of the differences which he has observed between
the two races. Some of these do not appear to me to he
sufficiently constant and distinct to he much relied on ; hut
the following, which I have noted on a comparison of eight
adult or nearly adult specimens of the southern with eight
of the northern race, may, I think, he accepted as a sufficient
justification for regarding the latter, which inhabits Mexico
and Guatemala, as a subspecies distinct from the southern
U. zonura, the range of which extends from Costa Rica
southward to Chili. I propose, as the difference between
the two races was first pointed out by Mr. Ridgway, to
indicate that circumstance by attaching to the more northern
of the two the subspecific designation "ridgwayi-” and I
think that U. ridgwayi may be defined as distinguishable
from U. zonura , when fully adult, by the greater proportion
of white mingled with the black plumage of the under wing-
coverts and of the tibiae, and by the larger number of alter-
nate black and white cross bars on the tail, as also by the
comparative average narrowness of the white bar immediately
above the subterminal black bar on the tail.

The following particulars of the specimens which I have
examined, and which are contained in the Norwich Museum
and in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, may
serve to exhibit more clearly the peculiarities of the two
races when adult (in their immature plumage they do not
seem to me to be distinguishable). It will be seen that the

APPENDIX I.

149

details here given relate to the coloration of the under wing-
coverts, to that of the tibial feathers, and the proportionate
dimensions of the cross bars on the tail :

Urubitinga sonura.

White
base to
tail.

First
black bar.

Next bar
(white).

Following

bar

(black).

White

tip.

No. 1. “South America.”

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

Thighs speckled with

white, and wing-linings
very slightly so

No. 2. “ South America.” —
Thighs and wing-linings
black, with no admixture
of white; white base of
tail mottled with black ..

None.

090

2-70

3-30

060

MO

(but in-
distinct).

1-60

3-00

3-60

0-30

No. 3. Chili. — Thighs and
wing-linings as in No. 2.

None.

0-60

3-70

3-20

040

No. 4. United States of
Colombia. — Thighs
speckled with white, but
no white on the wing-
linings

None.

1-00

2T0

3-90

050

No. 5. Sarayacu, Ecua-
dor; perhaps not quite
adult. — Thighs slightly
speckled with white ;
wing-linings entirely

black, except one white
spot

MO

1-60

1-50 1

4-50

0-30

No. 6. Maroni River, Su-
rinam.— Thighs slightly
speckled on their inner
surface ; no white on the
wdng-linings

None.

0-30

4-40

3-80

0-50

No. 7. Panama; not quite
adult. — Thighs and wing-
linings much barred with
white, indicating remains
of immaturity, which are
also apparent on the
breast

None.

(but in-
distinct).

1-40

3-40

3-10

0-50

No. 8. Nicoya, Costa Rica.
— Thighs barred with
white, and wing-linings
slightly speckled with
the same

1-10

1-10

3-90

2-60

0-40

1 This bar is narrower than in any other specimen I have seen, and is
slightly mottled with brown on the sides of the central rectrices.

150

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

TJrubitinga ridgwayi.

White
rase to
tail.

First

black

bar.

Next bar
(white).

Second

black

bar.

Next

bar

white).

Third

black

bar.

White

tip.

No. 1. Guatemala ; not

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

fully adult. — Thighs and
wing-linings much barred
with white

None.

0-60

050

1-40

1-30

3-10

0-40

No. 2. Savana Grande, Pa-
cific coast of Guatemala :
adult. — Thighs barred
and wing-linings speckled
with white

None.

1-10

030

1-GO

1-20

3-10

0-20

No. 3. Cohan, Guatemala ;
adult. — Like No. 2 ... .

None.

1-30

0-40

1-70

2-00

3-00

0-20

No. 4. Sonata, Chiapas,
South Mexico ; 3 adult.
— Thighs barred and
wing-linings very slightly
speckled with white ....

None.

POO

0-20

2-00

1-40

3-00

0-20

No. 5. Sonata; 2 adult. —
Thighs and wing-linings
speckled with white. . . .

None.

POO

0-20

2-00

1-70

3-40

0-40

No. 6. Sonata ; 3 adult. —
Like No. 5

None.

POO

(but in-
distinct).
030

1-60

1-30

2-GO

0-30

No. 7. Presidio, Mexico
2 adult. — Like Nos. 5
and 6

040

0'80

(but in-
distinct)

0-40

1-20

1-50

3-70

0-30

No. fi. Presidio; nol

fully adult; shot from
her' nest, with eggs, 3rc
May

L

None

P10

0-40

1-50

1-50

3-50

0-40

APPENDIX J.

151

APPENDIX J.

On the Changes of Plumage in certain Specimens of Pernis
* apivorus.

Towards the end of September and early in October 1881,
a considerable migratory arrival of Honey-Buzzards occurred
in Norfolk and in other counties of the east of England ; all
the specimens which I saw were birds of the year, and three
such, captured in Norfolk on the 24th and 28th September,
were brought to me alive. I propose to record a few notes
respecting these specimens.

No. 1 (caught at Southrepps) was one of the darkest
specimens I have ever seen, the entire plumage being a very
dark brown, with somewhat of a purplish gloss upon the
mantle, the irides being also of a very dark brown.

No. 2 (caught at Filby) was a similarly coloured bird, but
not quite so dark as No. 1, and in one respect less whole-
coloured, the shafts of the breast-feathers being slightly,
though perceptibly, darker than the other portions of the
feathers ; this bird had irides of a dark lead-colour.

No. 3 (caught at Trimingham) was a much paler bird than
either No. 1 or No. 2; its colour was a cinnamon-brown, but
with a slight variation of tint in the feathers of the head ; its
irides were bluish grey.

The three birds were very indistinctly marked upon the
tail, the cross bars being least observable in the two darker
specimens.

On January 25, 1882, 1 made a note of some slight changes
in all three specimens, though none of them had then moulted.
In No. 1 the scapulars had become slightly paler, and the
inner webs of the median and greater wing-coverts decidedly

152

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

so; the irides had become a less intensely dark brown, and
had acquired a tinge of bluish. In No. 2 the dark shaft-
marks on the breast had become more distinctly visible in
contrast to the other portions of the feathers, the latter having
apparently faded ; the tips of the median, also the tips and
visible portions of the inner web of the greater wing-coverts
and the tips of the secondaries and tertials had all become
more or less white ; the irides had become bluish grey. In
No. 3 the cheeks had become noticeably paler; white bases
and slight white tips had become visible on the scapulars, and
the irides had become a shade lighter.

On April 1, 1882, 1 made the following note : — “ The irides
of all three have now assumed a greyish-yellow stone-colour
or pale straw-colour, but they are still darker in No. 1 than
in Nos. 2 and 3 ; none of the three have moulted, and the
plumage of Nos. 2 and 3 has not perceptibly changed since
January; but No. 1 has become very much paler, and its
plumage, though it does not appear to be worn, seems a good
deal faded.”

Towards the latter part of May 1882 the birds began to
moult; but before the end of that month Nos. 2 and 3 died
without having undergone further changes.

By the end of July 1882 No. 1 was in full moult; and on
September 4, 1882, 1 made a memorandum as to the remark-
able changes which it had then undergone, to the following
effect : — “ The head has become white, with a dark brown
centre to each feather, except on the cheeks and ear-coverts,
which are pure white, and excepting also a brown patch
between the bill and the eye, extending for nearly half an
inch above the eye and also slightly behind it; on the neck
also the feathers are now white, with larger dark centres
than those on the head; the upper scapulars and inter-
scapulars are dark brown, broadly tipped with white ; the
lower scapulars are dark brown, that colour being deepest
near the tips ; the lesser and median coverts are not yet
moulted, but the new feathers of the greater coverts are
brown, intermingled with white ; the secondaries and tertials
are of a median brown, with two cross bars and the shaft-

AFPENDIX J.

153

mark of a darker brown and a white tip ; the tail is a rather
pale brown, with four very distinct cross bars of dark brown ;
the upper breast is pure white, except on the centres of the
feathers, which are marked with brown sagittate spots of
various sizes, but mostly large in proportion to the size of the
feather; the lower breast is not yet moulted, and is a rather
pale faded brown; the abdomen is white, mingled with
brown, the latter being apparently a remnant of unmoulted
plumage ; the under wing-coverts and the under tail-coverts
are white, transversely barred with brown.”

This bird's moult was suspended, soon after the date of the
above memorandum, before it was completed, and it was not
resumed till May 1883 ; it was still progressing in July, but I
then noted that there was no further change of colour except
as regards the following points — the brown mark adjacent to
the eye had disappeared ; some of the white feathers on the
cheek had acquired dark centres; some new feathers had
appeared amongst the median wing-coverts, and were dark
brown tipped with white; the portion of the secondaries
between the dark bars became decidedly tinged with grey,
the flanks and abdomen white, with broad transverse bars
of brown ; the irides continued to be of a very pale straw-
colour, with an extremely slight tinge of green. Between
July 1883 and January 1884 the moult progressed very
slowly and without producing any noticeable change of
colouring; the irides, however, have become, during the
interval, rather more decidedly yellow; no tinge of grey
has as yet appeared either on the lores or elsewhere on the
head. The bird appears very healthy, and has been fed on
rats and mice, small birds, sparrows' eggs, frogs, and wasps'
grubs, according to the season.

154

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF I’REY.

APPENDIX K.

On the Birds of the Genus Baza inhabiting the Solomon
Islands and the New Britain Group.

Mr. E. P. Ramsay has pointed out that the Baza inhabiting
the Solomon Islands should be regarded as subspecifically
distinct from the nearly allied and widely distributed B. rein-
wardti ; and he has done me the honour of attaching my
name to this new subspecies.

In the * Journal of the Linnean Society’ (Zoology), vol. xvi.
p. 130, Mr. Ramsay remarks that B.gumeyi differs from the
typical B. reinwardti “ in having a paler head and neck, in
having an almost pure white under surface, and in the bars
being narrower, fewer, and ot a darker tint. He also
mentions that the under wing-coverts are white, except “ a
faint tinge of buff on the median under-coverts,” in which
respect they differ from the decidedly buff-coloured under-
coverts of the typical B. reinwardti.

I have only examined one specimen of B. gurneyi, an adult
male, collected on Russell Island, in the Solomon Group,
by Lieut. Richards, R.N., and kindly lent me by Canon
Tristram. This specimen exhibits the peculiarities above
referred to; the pale grey tint of the nuchal and inter-
scapular feathers reaches lower down on the back than is
usual in the typical B. reinwardti, though in one of the
specimens of the latter preserved in the Norwich Museum
(a bird from Dorey, not fully adult) it is equally extended ;
the cross bars on the under surface are decidedly darker m
the Russell Island specimen than in any example that has
come under my notice of B. reinwardti, though I have seen
some of the latter with the bars quite as narrow and as few

APPENDIX K.

155

as in the Russell Island bird, and with the interspaces quite
as white.

The distinguishing features of B. gurneyi appear to me to
be the white under wing-coverts, the very dark hue of the
transverse pectoral and abdominal bands, and the compara-
tively great extent of the grey tint on the interscapular
region.

Some remarks of mine on a Baza from the New Britain
Group1 will be found in the f Proceedings of the Zoological
Society 1 for 1879, p. 450. This specimen, which is now in the
possession of Captain Wardlaw Ramsay, to whose kindness I
have been indebted for an opportunity of re-examining it,
agrees with B. gurneyi in the extended nuchal grey colouring
and in the white under wing-coverts (which latter peculiarity
was noted by Count Salvadori in the ‘Ibis' for 1879, p.318),
but differs from it in the transverse bars on the underparts
being broad and of a pale grey instead of narrow and of a
dark blackish slate-colour; these bars are decidedly wider
and of a paler grey in this specimen, even than in the typical
B. reinwardti, from which, as well as from B. gurneyi, I
believe the New Britain bird to be subspecifically distinct,
though it maybe wise to wait for additional specimens before
proposing for it a separate subspecific designation.

1 For the dimensions of this specimen see ‘ Ihis,’ 1880, p. 466.

156

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

APPENDIX L.

On Tinnunculus arthuri.

In the list of a collection of birds from Mombasa, which I
contributed to the 'Ibis* for 1881 ( vide p. 124), a Kestrel
was included which was not sexed by the collector, hut
which, on a too cursory7 examination, I took to he a “ female
in worn plumage ” of T. alaudarius. I subsequently alluded
to this specimen, in a footnote to p. 457 of the same volume,
as being “remarkable for having narrow brown transverse
bars on the sides of the breast;” and at p. 462 I gave its
principal measurements, showing that it has a shorter wing
than twenty males of T. alaudarius from Europe, Africa, and
Asia with which I compared it.

I have subsequently given this Kestrel a good deal of con-
sideration, and have come to the conclusion that I was
wrong in referring it to T. alaudarius , and that I should be
equally so were I to refer it to any other species hitherto
described ; it comes nearest in its markings to T. rupicoloides,
but its much smaller size separates it from that species as
decidedly as the peculiarity of its markings, especially on the
flanks, distinguishes it from T. alaudarius.

I find, on examining six Transvaal males of F . rupicoloides,
that the measurement of the wing varies from 10-70 to
11-55 inches, that of the tarsus from 1'85 to 2, and of the
middle toe s.u. from 1*20 to P35; in the Mombasa Kestrel
one wing measures 9 30 and the other 9*40, the tarsus 1 /0,
and the middle toe s. u. 115; as regards markings it
resembles, in those of the head, scapulars, and wing-coverts.

APPENDIX L.

157

both sexes of T. rupicoloides and also the female of T. alau-
darius, the general coloration of these parts corresponding
more nearly with the latter than with the former. It also
resembles T. alaudarius and differs from T. rupicoloides in
the absence of rufous spots or bars from the outer web of the
wing-feathers ; but it resembles T. rupicoloides in having the
upper tail-coverts handed with alternate transverse bars of
dark and pale grey more distinctly than is the case in the
great majority of those females of T. alaudarius which
exhibit a ci’9ss-barring of that description; each feather on
these parts has also a dark shaft-mark. In the markings of
the tail it resembles the less adult specimens of T. rupico-
loides • these markings consist of six blackish-brown bars,
with the tip and the interspaces whitish brown, the latter
being much tinged with grey on the basal moiety of the
central rectrices. On the under surface of the Mombasa
bird its similarity to T. rupicoloides is remarkable; the
feathers of the jugulum and upper breast are pale brown,
with the dark shaft-marks much narrower than in the female
of T. alaudarius, and even narrower than in some specimens
of T. rupicoloides ; these marks are continued down the
centre of the lower breast, the ground-colour of which, as
also that of the flanks, is somewhat darker and more rufous
than that of the jugulum ; the flanks are crossed with eleven
dark transverse bars, of which there are either two or three
on each feather of these parts, reaching quite across it ; these
bars closely resemble those on the flanks of the adult T. rupi-
coloides, but are a little narrower ; the abdomen, tibiae, and
crissum are pale white, tinged with fulvous, and, with the
exception of the crissum, exhibit a few minute dark spots ;
the axillaries are less coarsely marked than in the female of
T. alaudarius, and are in this respect more like those of
T. rupicoloides ; and the same remark applies to the under
wing-coverts, though in many specimens of T. rupicoloides
these arc immaculate, which they are not in the Mombasa
Kestrel, the latter, like some individuals of T. rupicoloides
having this portion of the plumage sparsely variegated with
narrow shaft-marks.

158

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

The only specimen which I have seen of this new Kestrel
was sent from Mombasa, on the East- African coast, by Mr.
J. W. Handford, to my late relative the Rev. F. Arthur
Buxton, who presented it to the Norwich Museum, and
in remembrance of whom I propose to call it Tinnunculus
arthuri.

APPENDIX M.

159

APPENDIX M.

On Tinnunculus cenchris and Tinnunculus pekinensis.

In my notes kon T. pekinensis I have briefly described three
males of that Kestrel1; and since then the Norwich Museum
has acquired another adult male, obtained on March 26th,
1880, by Mr. Inglis at Dillcosha, in Cachar. In this speci-
men the entire wing-coverts are grey, with the exception of
a very slight sprinkling of rufous on the right wing adjacent
to the scapulars, and a still slighter but similar tiuge in the
same position on the left wing ; the scapulars and inter-
scapulars in this bird are of a rich and rather dark rufous,
and it may therefore, as regards the upper surface, be con-
sidered a very typical example of T. pekinensis ; but below, it
is quite as much spotted as an ordinary male of T. cenchris,
the total number of dark spots on the under surface being
about fifty.

The Norwich Museum has also recently acquired a male
Kestrel, shot by Mr. Ayres on a farm about 30 miles from
Potchefstroom, in the Transvaal, on January 29th, 1879, which,
I think, is not to be distinguished from T. pekinensis, as the
entire wing-coverts are grey, with the exception of the inter-
mixture of a few rufous feathers (about five on the left wing
and one on the right) and a slight tinge of the same hue
on the edges and shafts of a few of the grey feathers,
especially those of the least coverts. This specimen has a
rich rufous mantle, but a shade paler than that of the Dil-
kosha Kestrel previously mentioned ; on the under surface
there are only about ten dark spots, and these arc very small
and mostly on the flanks. It is, I think, impossible to say
with cei tamty whether this bird is (like many specimens of
1 Vide Ibis, 1881, p. 471.

160

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

Erythropus amurensis ) an Asiatic migrant to South-east
Africa, in which case it must stand as T. pekinensis, or an
abnormally-coloured T. cenchris which had migrated from
Europe. I have entered it at the Norwich Museum as
T. pekinensis, together with a female killed on the same day
at the same place (the females of the two races being undis-
tinguishable) ; but I am by no means sure that I am right in
this, as another male Kestrel, procured at the same spot
eight days previously and also sent to me by Mr. Ayres, is a
typical T. cenchris. IMr. Ayres noted that the lattci species
(to which he referred all three specimens) was present on
this farm when these birds were shot in considerable
numbers.”

I may add that another recent addition to the Norwich
Museum is an adult male of T. cenchris, which is quite
typical as regards the extent of rufous on the wing-coverts,
but entirely immaculate on the under surface. This speci-
men was obtained in Sicily in the month of June.

On the whole it would seem that T. cenchris and T. pekin-
ensis are geographical races of the same species, perhaps
subspecifically separable, but with the line ot demarcation
between them by no means very constant or distinct.

Since the above remarks were penned, another Kestrel, in
adult male plumage and apparently referable to T. peki-
nensis, has been acquired by the Norwich Museum; this
Kestrel, which was killed near Potchefstroom by Mr. Ayres,
resembles Asiatic examples, as regards the coloration of the
wing-coverts, quite as closely as the male previously sent;
but it is more spotted on the breast and flanks than is the
case in that specimen.

APPENDIX N.

161

APPENDIX N.

On the Existence in North America of Hierofalco gyrfalco,
and its possible Hybridism with H. holboelli.

In the ‘ Ibis ' for 1882, pp. 582, 583, I quoted some memo-
randa, which I made in 1870 and 1872, respecting some
North- American Gryrfalcons which had been sent to this
country for examination from the Smithsonian Institution,
and which I was then disposed to consider as not separable
from Hierofalco islandus.

Subsequently to the completion of my notes on the
Gyrfalcons, four of the specimens above referred to, with
some others, were, through the good offices of Mr. Ridgway,
sent to me for further examination. A careful comparison
of these skins with authentic Scandinavian examples of
H. gyrfalco considerably modified the views which I had
previously entertained, as will be seen by the following
memoranda which I made as the result of the comparisons to
which I have alluded : —

No. 43,144|. Female, with four eggs: Fort Anderson
(referred to in the ‘Ibis' for 1882, pp. 582-584). — This
skin corresponds with H. gyrfalco, but not with those speci-
mens in which the adult plumage is most fully developed;
it agrees with a female of that species, apparently in the
plumage of the second year (No. 6 in the Norwich Museum),
which was collected by, or for, the late Mr. Wolley at Lang-
fjord, in East Finmark, in April or May 1857. The Fin-
mark bird has, however, whitish edges to the feathers on the
crown of the head, which are wanting in the Fort-Anderson

x

1G2

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FREY.

Falcon, except upon tlie forehead ; in the absence of these
white edges the Fort-Anderson specimen agrees with two
Lapland examples in the Norwich Museum, both of which I
consider to he more fully adult than that from Langfjord.

No. 1564. Alaska. — This Falcon so closely resembles that
last mentioned that the same remarks apply to both.

No. 51,690. Male: Yukon (referred to in the f Ibis' for
1882, p. 584). — This specimen I now refer to H. gyrfalco,
and consider its plumage to he very fully adult, more so
than that of the two preceding; it agrees in coloration with
an adult female, shot from the nest in Lapland, which was in
the collection of the late Mr. Wolley, and is now No. 1 of
this species in the Norwich Museum.

No. 43,142. No locality or sex marked, but apparently a
female (referred to in the ‘ Ibis' for 1882, p. 584). — This
specimen is in immature plumage as regards the mantle, hut
elsewhere has assumed adult dress ; it agrees with a female
H. gyrfalco in a similar stage of plumage (No. 3 in the
Norwich Museum), which was obtained in Lapland by Mr.
Wolley, having been shot from the nest in March 1855.

No. 35,451. Male: Yukon River, June 1862 (referred to in
the f Ibis' for 1882, p. 583).— I examined this specimen in
1872, and then noted that it agreed “ very well with a very
adult male, from Iceland," of H. islandus, now in the Norwich
Museum, and No. 2 in the scries of Iceland Falcons there
preserved. On my recently renewed comparison of these two
specimens, the general agreement of their appearance was
obvious ; hut upon a closer examination I found that the
Yukon male differs from the Icelandic in the feathers on the
crown of the head being much more narrowly bordered with
whitish, and in the pale cross bars on the lower part of the
hack being greyer and less distinctly white, their colour thus
resembling that of the corresponding transverse bars in the
adult H. gyrfalco ; but on the interscapular feathers and on
those of the lesser and median wing-coverts the light bars
are, on the contrary, a decidedly purer white than is usual
in the Scandinavian adults of H. gyrfalco ; indeed I have
only seen one Scandinavian Falcon like it in this respect, and

APPENDIX N.

163

I think it possible that this may have had a wrong locality
accidentally attached to it, and may in reality be Icelandic
and not Scandinavian. In the white colour of these bars
this Yukon Falcon resembles the adults of both H. islandus
and of H. holbcelli ; but in their depth, measured from their
upper to their lower edge, it agrees with H. liolbcelli rather
than with H. islandus. The Yukon bird resembles the
adults, both of H. islandus and of H. holbcelli, in the almost
spotless white of the upper breast ; but it differs from
H. islandus jand from the paler adults of H. holbcelli in the
greater size of the dark spots on the abdomen, and in the
cross bars on the tibial feathers, in which it resembles H. gyr-
falco and the darker adults of H. holbcelli.

On the whole this Yukon Falcon seems to me to be a
specimen of an intermediate character ; and I suspect that it
is one in which the peculiarities of H. gyrfalco have been
modified by hybridism with H. holbcelli.

No. 1524. Alaska. — This is evidently a bird in the first
year’s plumage ; but from the appearance of the lower back
and tail, and also from the spots on the lower scapulars, I
should suppose it to be nearly, or perhaps quite, twelve
months old; it resembles the ordinary dress of the Scandi-
navian examples of H. gyrfalco at a corresponding age.

No. 1486. Alaska. — This bird seems to me to be of similar
age to the last, but to resemble the ordinary immature dress
of H. holbcelli rather than that of H. gyrfalco, notably in the
broad white borders to the feathers of the upper part of the
head, in the whity-brown edges to all the feathers of the
mantle, and also in the decidedly white hue of the pale cross
bars on the tail.

The result of the comparisons which I have here recorded
leads me to agree with the conclusion previously arrived at
by Mr. Sharpe and by Mr. Dresser that H. gyrfalco is found
in the northern parts, not only of Europe and of Asia, but
also of North America. The North -American range of this
species, however, has not at present been very clearly ascer-
tained, especially to the eastward ; and a similar uncertainty
exists as to the western limits of H. holbcelli, as also to the

164

LIST OF DIURETAL BIRDS OF PREY.

localities, if such there be, where both races pccur and where
hybridism may perhaps result from such propinquity. As I
have already mentioned in my Notes, the Norwich Museum
possesses three immature Falcons from Hudson's Bay, and
these I believe to be referable to H. gyrfalco ; but as they are
not in adult dress, I do not feel absolutely certain of the cor-
rectness of this identification : the question of the geogra-
phical range of these Falcons is one which I think affords an
interesting subject for further investigation, and which I
trust will receive the attention that it merits.

APPENDIX 0.

165

APPENDIX O.

On the Identity of Accipiter nisoides, Blyth, Accipiter gularis
( Temm . fy Schley.), and Accipiter stevensoni, Gum. ; also
on Accipiter virgatus {Temm.) and its two Subspecies,
Accipiter affinis, Hodgson, and Accipiter manillensis,
Meyen.

The following remarks would have been inserted in an earlier
portion of this volume, but for the circumstance that it was
only very recently that I had the opportunity of examining
two adult males and an adult female (all obtained in Japan)
of the Hawk for which, in the 'Ibis5 for 1863, p. 447, I
proposed the specific name of “ stevens oni.”

One of these specimens, procured at Tate-yama, was very
kindly lent to me by Mr. Blakiston, and the other two form
part of a valuable collection of Japanese Raptores lately pre-
sented to the Norwich Museum by Mr. Ringer, who obtained
them at or near Nagasaki.

The fact, with which I thus became acquainted, of the
occuiTence in J apan of Accipiter stevensoni has suggested to
my mind that the description and plate of “Astur ( Nisus )
gularis” in the f Fauna Japonica* represents my Accipiter
stevensoni, and not, as I had previously supposed, the large
northern form of Accipiter virgatus.

The examination of the adult specimens from Japan to
which I have just referred, and of several immature Japanese
examples in the Norwich Museum and in the collection
of Mr. Blakiston, has confirmed my present belief that
A. stevensoni is not separable from the true A. gularis.

166

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

The figure of the female of A. gularis in the ‘Fauna
Japonica’ agrees with the adult female of A. stevensoni ; that
of the male is not altogether so satisfactory,, and the gular
stripe in both figures is too coarsely delineated ; it is, how-
ever, more accurately defined in the accompanying letterpress
as “ une fine raie longitudinqle,” and merely consists in the
adult birds of a few hair-like and inconspicuous streaks. In
the figure of the male the rufous colouring of the breast is
represented of a deeper hue than exists in the great majo-
rity of adult males, though I have seen three in which the
breast was more or less decidedly rufescent1. A third point
in which the figure of the male bird in the ‘ Fauna J aponica’
appears to me to be open to criticism is the vciy daik
colouring of the cross bars on the low er Hank ; I do not
recollect to have observed this peculiarity in any of the
males that I have examined, the normal colouring of these
bars in the adult male being much paler than is represented
in the ‘Fauna Japonica.’

The publication of the description and plate of A. gularis in
the ‘ Fauna Japonica’ took place, according to Mr. Sharpe’s
Catalogue, in 1850 ; but three years earlier the late Mr. Blyth
had described a Hawk from Malacca under the name of
“Accipiter nisoides,” respecting which he wrote thus m the
‘Ibis’ for 18G5, p. 28: — “ Accipiter ( Nisus ) gularis, Temrn.
& Schl. (Fauna Japonica), is identical with Accipiter nisoides,
nobis, from the Malayan peninsula;” and again, in a footnote
to p. 240 of the ‘Ibis’ for 1866, “I recognize in the figure
of the female A. gularis an exact representation of my
^ jiisotdcs S ^

In this footnote Mr. Blyth quoted his original description
of A. nisoides, which seems to me to bear out his view as to
its identity with A. gularis-, and, if I am correct in this con-
clusion, the synonymy of the species will stand thus

Accipiter nisoides, Blyth, J. A. S.B. xvi. p. 727 (1847).

i These are a male from Cochin China and one from East Timor in the
British Museum, and the type of « Accipiter stevensoni" from Pekin, in
the Norwich Museum. ‘ * "

APPENDIX 0.

167

Astur ( Nisus ) gularis , Temminck & Schlegel, Faun. Japon.,
Aves, p. 5, pi. 2 (1850).

Accipiter stevensoni, Gurney, Ibis, 1863, p. 447, pi. 11.

I have been favoured by Mr. Blakiston with the following
wing-measurements of specimens of this Hawk collected in
Japan : —

Nine adult males from 6-30 to 6'90 inches.

Six immature males from 6-30 to 6-70 „

One ajult female 7-70 „

Seven immature females . . from 7'30 to 7-70 ,,

The following are measurements of Japanese examples
taken by myself : —

Three adult males

Seven presumed males in immature
dress

Adult female

Adult female

Eight presumed females in immature
dress

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. u.

in.

in.

in.

1 6-50

1-85

1-10

< to

to

to

1 6-80

1-95

1-15

16-50

1-85

1-15

< to

to

to

( 6-85

1-95

1-30

7-55

2-00

1-45

7-55

2-05

1-35

17-40

1-90

1-25

< to

to

to

8-20

2-15

1-40

A ninth immature female, which I have measured, so
materially exceeds the above in its wing-measurement, that
I think it well to give its dimensions separately, viz. : —

Wing.

in.

8-76

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. n.

in. in.

2-20 1-40

This specimen, which is preserved in the Norwich Museum,
was obtained from the Messrs. Verreaux, and bears the
locality of Japan in the handwriting of the late Jules
Verreaux ; in plumage it differs but very slightly from a
young female collected at Yokohama, which is also preserved

168

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF FRET.

at Norwich, and I therefore believe that it has been correctly
identified.

It may be desirable to compare these measurements of
Japanese specimens with the following, whicli I have taken

countries

Six males, China

Male, Cochin China

Male, Malacca

Male, East Timor

Five females, China

Female, Zamboanga, Philippine Is-
lands

Female, Singapore

Female, Java

Female, Java

Female, Sumatra

OIF coast of Cochin China

cies

obtained

in other

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. u.

in.

in.

in.

i 6-46

1-70

1-00

< to

to

to

1 G-80

1-85

P10

655

1-90

1-10

6-75

1-86

1-10

G-45

1-85

1-20

1 7-70

1-90

1-20

\ to

to

to

| 7*85

2-05

1-30

}7-50

1-87

1-16 1

7-25

200

1-15

7-40

2-00

P15

7-45

1-90

1-25

7-65

1-90

1-35

7-85

2-00

1-35

As already remarked, I have hitherto supposed the
Japanese Hawk, which I now refer to Accipiter nisoides, to
be identical with the northern race of Accipiter virgatus : I
was chiefly led into this error by the lack of adult examples
from Japan, and by the circumstance that the majority of
immature specimens of A. nisoides in the first year s plumage
greatly resemble A. virgatus at a corresponding age; but
I am now of opinion that all the Japanese and Chinese
Sparrow-Hawks of the genus Accipiter which I have examined
(exclusive of specimens of A. nisus ) should be referred to
A. nisoides ; but all those that I have seen from Formosa
to the large Himalayan race of A. virgatus, for which I
propose, as subsequently to be explained, to use Hodgson s
subspecific name of “ affinis.’

i The measurements of this specimen are extracted from the ‘ Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society ’ for 1878, p. 938.

APPENDIX 0.

160

An adult of tlie large race, apparently a female, obtained
in Native Sikkim and sent to this country by Mr. Hume,
was described in f Stray Feathers/ vol. viii. p. 440, by Mr.
Sharpe in the following words : —

“ General colour brown, with a bronzy gloss ; the feathers
of the back somewhat greyish on their edges; head deep
slaty grey ; sides of face and ear-coverts chocolate-brown ;
the hinder part of the cheeks somewhat washed with tawny
where they adjoin the sides of the neck ; throat white, with
a few ashy ^ blackish feathers forming a streak down the
centre ; the cheeks also slightly streaked with ashy black ;
rest of under surface white ; the under tail-coverts entirely
so; the breast blotched with pale tawny rufous; in the
centre feathers these markings being in the form of broad
streaks, in some of them broken up into bars, forming a
uniform surface on the sides of the upper breast ; the whole
of the breast, belly, and flanks barred with pale tawny rufous ;
the bars of about equal width ; under wing-coverts yellowish
white, spotted with brown, the greater series and axillaries
barred across with broivn, resembling the inner lining of the
quills, which are yellowish white at base, greyish at tip,
crossed with distinct broad bars of darker brown; wing-
coverts above brown like the back ; quills light brown, barred
across with darker brown, the bars being six in number on
the primaries, not including the dark end of the feather ;
tail-feathers ashy brown, crossed with four broad blackish
bands, on the outermost feather seven, not counting the dark
ending to the feather. Total length 13'5 inches, culmen
095, wing 8'35, tail 6-8, tarsus 2'3, middle toe 1*55.”

Mr. Hume has given the following additional wing-mea-
surements of Himalayan examples of this race in f Stray
Feathers/ vol. ix. p. 231, under the name of “ Accipiter
gularis ” : —

in. in.

Nine males 7’60 to 7-80

Eight females 8'00 to 8-20

The following are measurements of presumed females of

170

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRUT.

this large race taken by myself from specimens obtained
in different localities not far removed from the Himalayan

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. u.

in.

in.

in.

Scinde .

8-25

2-10

1-50

Sikkim

8-40

2-40

1-55

Ditto

8-50

2T0

1-G0

Nepal

8-05

2-15

1-55

Ditto

8-10

2-20

1-50

Assam

8-40

2-40

1-55

I have also measured the following specimens from For-
mosa in the Norwich Museum and in the collection of
Mr. Seebohin, who has kindly lent me his examples : —

Males.

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. u.

in.

in.

in.

Immature

6-70

2-0o

1-G0

Ditto (sex marked by Mr.

Swinkoe)

G-80

2-15

1-50

Ditto. ditto

7-15

2-05

Imperfect.

Adult ditto

7-15

2-10

1-40

Adult

G-90

210

1-G0

Adult

G-'JO

210

1-25

Female.

Adult

8-70

2-20

1-40

It is remarkable that while the only Formosan female I
have seen is larger than any of the Himalayan females above
referred to, the Formosan males are, on the contrary, smaller
than the Himalayan, though, with one exception, they exceed
in size the males of the typical A. virgatus.

This female from Formosa, which is preserved in the
Norwich Museum, agrees generally with Mr. Sharpe's
description, which I have quoted above, of a female from
Native Sikkim; but the following particulars as to the

APPENDIX 0.

171

markings on tlie under surface of the Formosan female
will show that some few differences exist, leading, I think, to
the inference that the Formosan is the older hird of the
two : — On the throat and on the central portion of the jugu-
lum the feathers are black, edged with white ; the sides of
the jugulum and upper breast are chocolatc-biown, but the
central portion of the upper breast exhibits alternate tians-
verse hands of dark brown and of white, the white bars being
so extended as somewhat to encroach upon the lateral area
of chocolate j-brown ; similarly alternating cross bars of brown
and white extend over the remainder of the breast, the abdo-
men, the flanks, and the thighs; on the under tail-coverts*
the brown bars are imperfect, and much more widely sepa-
rated, the white interspaces being in consequence con-
siderably larger.

In the adult Formosan males the patch of chocolate-brown,
which in the female just described exists on either side of
the jugulum, extends downwards by the side of the breast,
and in one specimen by the side of the abdomen also, and
considerably contracts the central space occupied by the
alternate brown and white bands ; the white cross bars
on the thighs are also narrower in the males than in the
females, and in one male the under tail-coverts are entirely
white.

The larger form chiefly differs, as regards coloration,
from the typical A. virgatus (the range of which is decidedly
more southern, though both races inhabit the most northerly
parts of India1) in the bright rufous which usually charac-
terizes the under surface of the old males of A. virgatus,
being replaced in those of the Northern race by a non-rufous
chocolate-brown.

In size the typical A. virgatus is decidedly the smaller race
of the two ; combining measurements of this form recorded
by Mr. Sharpe in f Stray Feathers/ vol. viii. p. 441, by Mr.

1 Mr. Ilume states that the larger race “ occurs in the Himalayas from
Sikkim to Mussoorie,” and that “ the true virgatus also occurs in this same
region, and also further west in the Himalayas.” ( Vide ‘ Stray Feathers,’
vol. ix. p. 231.)

172

LIST Ob' DIURNAL BIRDS OR PREY.

Hume in vol. ix. p. 231, and by Major Legge in the ‘ Birds
of Ceylon/ p. 26, with others taken by myself, I have arrived
at the following results : —

Males.

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. u.

in.

in.

in.

One, Darjeeling

. 6-50

1-85

l-3o

One, Malabar

. 6-20

1-95

1-20

|

, 6-00

1-80

110

Six, Ceylon <

to

to

to

1 G-40

2-05

1-25

One, Pegu

. 6-75

1-85

1-25

One, Malacca

. 6-70

1-90

1-25

I

1 6-80

1-70

1-15

Three, Java <

to

to

1

! 5-90

1-90

Three, Andamans

Singapore

Females.

Wing.

Tarsus.

Middle
toe s. u.

. 7-50

2-25

1-40

(

7-30

...

to

1

7-50

and

l 7-00
( to
7-50

I am disposed to think that it is justifiable to adopt^ as a
subspecific designation for the large Northern race of A. vir-
gatus, Hodgson’s name of “ affi,nis.,}

“ Accipiter affinis, Hodgson,” was published without a
description in Gray’s ‘ Zoological Miscellany ’ for 1844,
p. 81, and was based on No. 35 of the series of coloured
drawings presented by Mr. Hodgson to the British Museum ;
a skin is also preserved in the Museum which is believed to
be the original of that drawing.

Mr. Seebohm, who has kindly examined this specimen at
my request, informs me that it is “ apparently a young male

appendix 0.

173

A. virgatus,” with a wing-measurement of 7 '40 inches. The
specimen is not sexed, neither is the sex noted on the drawing,
and the bird may therefore be either a young male of the
larger or a young female of the smaller race. The locality
whence it was obtained is, however, recorded as Nepal,
and it may therefore very probably be a male of the larger
form.

Under these circumstances it seems to me to be better to
apply Hodgson's name of “affinis” to the larger race than
to coin for jit a new subspecific designation; and I have
accordingly adopted that course in the present volume.

Accipiter affinis is not the only geographical race which
apparently merits subspecific distinction from the typical
A. virgatus-, the nearly allied Hawk of the Philippine
Islands (which should probably bear the subspecific name of
“manillensis, Meyen,'' included in Mr. Sharpe's f Catalogue'
amongst the synonyms of A. virgatus ) is remarkable for
having the rufous colouring of the breast as strongly deve-
loped in the adult female as in the male, which I believe is
never the case in the typical A. virgatus ’; and, in addition to
this, it also differs from A. virgatus in the somewhat browner
and less slaty tint of the upper surface, and in the dark gular
stripe being, in some adult specimens, much less distinctly
marked.

The type specimen of Meyen's “ Nisus manillensis,” which
was obtained, as its name indicates, at Manilla, is preserved
in the Berlin Museum, where it was examined by Mr.
Sharpe, who informs me that it is, in his opinion, an imma-
ture specimen of the race above referred to; and I adopt
the name accordingly, though I have not seen a specimen
altogether agreeing with Meyen's figure, which probably
represents, and perhaps not very accurately, a stage of plu-
mage intermediate between that of the first year and that
which the bird finally assumes.

1 Major Legge, writing of A. virgatus as found in Ceylon, where it
attains a very rufous plumage on the underparts, remarks that “ the female
appears never to acquire the uniform rufous breast of the male ” ( vide
1 Birds of Ceylon,’ p. 28).

174

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY.

I have examined four adults of this subspecies, from which
I have taken the following measurements : —

No. 1. British Museum, from
Philippine Islands, collected
by Mr. Cuming; presum-
ably B

No. 2. Collection of Capt. Ward-
law Ramsay, from Manilla ;
presumably <5

No. 3. Collection of Capt.Ward-
law Ramsay, from Zambo-
anga ; marked 5 by Mr.
Everett

No. 4. British Museum, from
Philippine Islands, collected
by Mr. Cuming; presum-
ably $

Wiug.

Tarsus.

Middle toe

S. 1C.

in.

in.

in.

6-25

2 00

1T5

0-90

2-00

1-25

7-10

2-10

1-40

7-30

2-20

l-40

Specimen No. 3 in the above list was sent to the late Loid
Tweeddale, together with two very young birds, probably
of this species, and a typical adult female of A. nisoides
stevensoni) , all four having been obtained by Mr. Everett
within ten miles of Zamboanga, iu the Island of Mindanao, in
April 1878 : the four skins were kindly lent to me by Lord
Tweeddale, and I expressed an opinion, which I now find to
have been erroneous, that they were all referable to (t Accipiter
stevensoni ” thinking that the bird which I now consider is an
adult of manillensis was probably a somewhat abnormal female
of the species which I had called A. stevensoni, though I was
so far doubtful of such being the case that I wrote to Lord
Tweeddale that “if it should ultimately prove distinct it

would by no means surprise me.”

Lord Tweeddale described the four skins in the c Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society/ 1878, p. 938, also figuring
very accurately, at pi. 57 of that volume, the specimen now
under consideration ; and, acting on my mistaken suggestion,
he applied to all four the name of “ Accipiter stevensoni ”

APPENDIX 0.

175

The measurements which I have given above of this
example (No. 3 on my list) and which I have taken very
carefully, differ a little from Lord Tweeddale's, possibly owing
to some dissimilarity in the mode of measurement ; but the
figure iu the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society/ and the
description accompanying it, will readily serve to identify
this Philippine subspecies ; and for the convenience of such
of my readers as may not have access to the ‘ Proceedings of
the Zoological Society' I add the following particulars of
the specimen there figured and of the other adults of this
subspecies which I have examined : —

No. 3. The entire upper surface exhibits a brown colour of
medium intensity, but with the crown of the head darker than
the back, and with a tinge of dull rufous on the cheeks and
ear-coverts, also slightly on the nape, and very slightly on the
edgings to the feathers of the least wing-coverts ; the tail is
of the same hue as the back, but with transverse bars of a
darker brown • these are six in number, the uppermost one
being, however, very indistinct ; the primaries (of which the
fourth and fifth are longest and equal) are also brown, cross-
barred with darker brown, but with the interspaces above
the emargination tinged with buffy white on the inner web ;
the secondaries are similarly coloured to the primaries ; the
tertials are broadly blotched with white, limited in some
feathers to the inner, but in others extending to the outer
web also ; the throat is white, with a brown transverse mark
and also a hair-like shaft-mark on most of the feathers ; the
jugulum, flanks, and breast are rich rufous, but the feathers
of the breast have concealed transverse whitish bars, and
these become apparent and more decidedly white on the abdo-
men, the plumage of that part and also the thighs and the
axillaries being transversely barred with alternate markings
of rufous and white ; the crissum is white ; the under wing-
coverts are fulvous, irregularly crossed and varied with
brown.

The following is a copy of the ticket attached to this
specimen by its collector, Mr. Everett : — “ Zamboans-a 2

b / t )

April 1878 : iris golden ; orbital skin greenish yellow ; bill

176

LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREV.

leaden; apex and cere blackish; legs greenish yellow, but
pale brown on the toes ; claws dark brown.”

Specimen No. 1, which from its small size must, I think,
undoubtedly be a male, bears a remarkable resemblance to
No. 3, from which its coloration only differs in having a more
decided gular stripe formed by the markings on the feathers
of the throat, in most of the concealed light transverse bars
on the breast being a pure white, in the absence of any
tinge of rufous on the upper surface, and in having only
five dark transverse bars on the central rectrices.

Specimen No. 2, which is probably also a male, has unfor-
tunately been badly skinned, and portions of the nuchal and
abdominal plumage are wanting; but it appears only to
differ from No. 3 in the markings on the throat being more
tinged with grey, and in the dark cross bars on the thighs
being brownish grey instead of rufous ; also in those of the
axillaries being browner and less rufous, and in the upper
surface of the body and wings being of a more slaty black
hue, with even less tinge of rufous on the nape and none on
the least wing-coverts; like No. 1, it has but five dark cross
bars on the tail.

No. 4 is the largest specimen of the series, and I therefore
consider it to be undoubtedly a female ; it agrees generally
with No. 3, and especially in having six dark transverse bars
on the tail ; but it differs from it in the following particulars
all the upper surface is slightly browner, and with no tinge
of rufous on the nape ; the gular stripes are more strongly
marked ; the white transverse bars on the jugulum and on
the breast are not concealed, and are a purer white and more
numerous than in No. 3, there being two white bars on each
feather of the breast, besides a white base ; the axillaries
agree in tint with No. 2.

The following is a copy of the description given by Lord
Tweeddale in his paper in the f Proceedings of the Zoological
Society ' for 1878, to which I have already referred, of the
two nestlings, presumably of this species, which were sent
over by Mr. Everett at the same time as No. 3 : — “ Nestlings
in rufous dress; underneath creamy fulvous, with broad

APPENDIX 0.

177

ruddy brown stripes ; a central gular stripe of brown ; middle
pair of rectrices with three brown bands ; upper surface of
body and head dark brown, with rusty margins and bases to
the feathers ; thigh-coverts spotted with light ruddy brown.

Measurements .

Wing.

Tail.

Tarsus.

Middle toe.

in.

in.

in.

in.

5-75

400

1-81

1-25

5-12 \

4-00

1-62

1-06

Mr. Everett notes on the tickets attached to these speci-
mens that he obtained them both in April at Zamboanga,
and that the first (a male) had the “ iris yellow, bill black,
legs light green, sole of foot yellow, claws black ; ” the second
(sex doubtful) had the “iris yellow, cere greenish, beak and
claws black, legs light greenish, sole of foot yellow.”

r

INDEX OF SPECIES.

abbreviates, Buteo, 67.
adalberti, Aquilsi, 64.
segvptiiis, Milvus, 81.
aequatoriabs ?, Sarcorbampbus, 2.
sequinoctiabs, Buteogallus, 78.
aeruginosus, Circus, 22, 115, 116.
assalon, Falco, 104.
afbnis, Accipiter, 39, 165, 168, 172,
173.

?, Milvus, 81.

africanus, Limnaetus, 47, 52.

•, Pseudogyps, 9.

aguia, Falco, 74.

alaudarius, Tinnunculus, 96, 97, 98,
156, 157.

albicans, Aquila, 56.
albicaudatus, Buteo, 69.
albicilla, Habaetus, 58.
albicollis, Leucopternis, 75.
albidus, Falco, 16.

, Spilornis, 16.

albigularis, Hypotriorchis, 103.

, Phalcobaenus, 13.

, Urospizias, 33, 34, 35.

alboniger, Limnaetus, 49.
alcinus, Machaeramphus, x, 85, 86.
alopex, Tinnunculus, 98.
amaurus, Micrastur, 24.
ambiguus, Haliastur, 79.
americanus, Ibycter, 14.
amurensis P, Aquila, 55.

, Erythropus, 101, 160.

andamanensis, Limnaetus, 49.
anderssoni, Machaeraiupbus, 85, 86.

, Stringonyx, 85.

angolensis, Gypobierax, 11.

anthracina, Urubitinga, 76, 77.
antillarum, Tinnunculus, 99.
apivorus, Pernis, 86, 151.
approximans, Circus, 21, 22.

, Urospizias, 38.

aquilinus, Buteo, 134, 135, 136.
ardesiacus, Dissodectes, 94.
artbiul, Tinnunculus, 98, 156, 158.
assimibs, Circus, 22, 23.
astur, Accipiter, 28.

, Eutriorchis, 17.

ater, Daptrius, 13.

, Milvus, 81.

aterrimus, Falco, 13.
atrata, Catharista, 5.
atricapibus, Astur, 28.

, Falco, 51.

atriceps, Falco, 105.
audax, Uroaetus, 57.
augur, Buteo, 34, 65.
augurabs, Buteo, 64.
aura, Cathartes, 4.

, Rbinogryphus, 4.

auricularis, Otogyps, 6, 7.
australis, Falco, 95.

, Harpa, 95.

, Senex, 12.

axillaris, Elanus, 84.
ayresii, Spizaetus, 52.

babvlonicus, Falco, 108, 109.
bacha, Spilornis, 16.
badius, Scelospizias, 30.
bairdii, Buteo, 68.
barbarus, Falco, 107, 108, 109.
barbatus, Gypaetus, 10.

180

INDEX OF SPECIES.

bartkelemyi, Aquila, 54.
beaudouinii, Circaetus, 15.
bellicosus, Nisaetus, 51.
bengalensis, Pseudogyps, 9.
berigora, Ilieracidea, 9(3.

, Ieracidea, 96.

biarmicus, Falco, ix, 109.
bicolor, Cooperastur, 44.
bidentatus, Harpagus, 91.
bido, Spilornis, 16.
bifasciata, Aquila, 54, 55.
bonelli, Eutolmaetus, 51.

, Pseudaetus, 51.

borealis, Buteo, 65, 66.

(socorroensis), Buteo, 66.

boscbii, Falco, 102.
braccata, Spizaetus, 47.
brachypterus, Buteo, ix, 64.

, Falco, 24.

brachyura, Buteola, 71, 146, 147.
brachyurus, Accipiter ?, 39.

, Astur, 39.

brasiliensis, Polyborus, 11, 12.
brevipes, Scelospizias, 31.
brunnea, Harpa, 95.
brutus, Scelospizias, 30.
burroviauus, Cathartes, 5.

, Bhinogrypbus, 4.

busarellus, Falco, 78.

cachinnans, ilerpetotberes, 14.
cserulescens, Falco, 92.

, Geranospizias, 25.

caeruleus, Elanus, 83.
californianus, Pseudogryphus, 3.
caligatus, Limnaetus, 49.
calurus, Buteo, 65.
calvus, Otogyps, 7.
candicans, Hierofalco, 112.
candidissimus, Astur, 28.
canorus, Melierax, xi, 26.
caribbaearum, Tinnuuculus, x, 99.
carolinensis, Pandion, 112.

P, Pandion, 113.

carunculatus, Pkalcobsenus, 13.

cassini, Falco, 107.
castanilius, Accipiter, 32.

, Scelospizias, 32.

castanonotus, Hypotriorckis, 93.
cayennensis, Falco, 88.

, Leptodon, 88.

celebensis, Pernis, 87.

cencbris, Tinnuuculus, 100, 159, 160.

cenchroides, Scelospizias, 31.

, Tinnunculus, 98.

ceylonensis, Baza, 91.

, Limnaetus, 48.

cheela, Spilornis, 16.
ckeriway, Polyborus, 11, 12.
clncquera, Falco, 105.
cbilensis, Cooperaster, 44.
cbimacbima, Milvago, 13.
cliimango, Milvago, 13.
cbionogaster, Accipiter, 42.
chiquora, Litkofalco, 105.
ckrysaetos, Falco, 53.
chrysaetus, Aquila, 53, 54.

, var. canadensis, Aquila, 63.

cineraceus, Circus, 20.
cinerascens, Circaetus, 15.
cinereus, Circaetus, 15.

, Circus, 20.

, Leucospizias, 33.

cinnamomimus, Tinnunculus, 99.
circumcinctus, Spiziapteryx, 94.
cirrbatus, Limnaetus, 48.

, Spizaetus, 49.

cirrkocephalus, Accipiter, 38.
cirtensis, Falco, 63.
clanga, Aquila, 56, 132.
collaris, Accipiter, 41.
columbarius, /Esalon, x, 104.
communis, Falco, 105, 106, 107.

, var. pealei, Falco, 110.

concentricus, Micrastur, 25.

, Nisus, 25, 121, 122.

concolor, Hypotriorckis, 101.
cooperi, Buteo, 66.

, Cooperastur, 44.

coronatus, Harpykaliaetus, xi, 77.

INDEX OF SPECIES.

181

coronatus, Spizaetus, 46, 47.
costaricensis, Bateo, 66.
cristata, Pernis, 87.
cristatus, Morphnus, 45.

, Pernis, 87.

cruentus, Astur, 38.

, Nisus, 36.

cryptogenis, Archibuteo, 61.
cuculoides, Baza, 89.

, Tachyspizias, 32.

cuvieri, Hypotrlorchis, 102.
cyaneus, Circus, 19.

, var. americanus, Circus, 19.

, yar. liudsonius, Circus, 19.

dampieri, Urospizias, 35, 127, 129.
davisoni, Spilornis, 16.
deiroleucus, Hypotriorchis, 103.
desertorum, d, Buteo, 64.

, Buteo, 63, 138, 139.

desmursi, Aquila, 57.
destructor, Falco, 46.

, Harpyia, 46.

devillei, Spizaetus, 50.
dickinsoni, Bissodectes, 95.
diodon, Harpagus, 91.
dispar, Falco, 84.

dominicensis, Tiununculus, 99, 100.
doriae, Megatriorckis, 45.
dussumieri, Falco, 30.

ecaudatus, Helotarsus, 18.
eleanorae, Hypotriorckis, 101.
elegans, Buteo, 67.
elgini, Spilornis, 17.
equatorialis, Accipiter, 36.
erytkraucken, Accipiter, 38.
erytkrocnemis, Accipiter, 43.
erytkrogenys, Microkierax, 93.
erytkronotus, Buteo, 69, 143, 144,
145.

erytkropus, Accipiter, 40.
erytkrotkorax, Baza, 90.
etorques, Accipiter, 127.

, Urospizias, 35, 127, 129, 130.

eulopkus, Vultur, 6.
eutolmus, Microkierax, 92.
exsul, Buteo. 70.

falklandicus, Rkinogrypkus, 4.
fasciatus, Gymnops, 13.

, Harpagus, 91.

, Nisaetus, 51, 52.

fasciolatus, Circaetus, 15.
feldeggii, Falco, 109.
femoralis, Hypotriorckis, 103.
ferox, Buteo, 62, 134, 135, 136, 137,
139.

ferrugineus, Archibuteo, 61.
foetens, Catkartes, 5.
forficatus, Elanoides, 82.
francesi, Scelospizias, 30.
franciscae, Scelospizias, 30.
fringillarius, Microkierax, 92.
friugilloides, Accipiter, 42.
frontatus, Falco, 103.
fucosa, Aquila, 57.
fuliginosus, Buteo, 71, 146.
fulyescens, Aquila, 56.

, Gyps, 8.

fulvus, Gyps, 7.
funereus, Falco, 15.
furcatus, Elanoides, 82.
fusco-caerulescens, Hypotriorckis,
103.

fuscus, Accipiter, 42.

gabar, Melierax, 27.
galapagensis, Buteo, 70, 143, 144, 145.
galapagoensis, Buteo, 143.

, Craxirex, 143.

gallicus, Circaetus, 14, 15.
gkiesbreckti, Leucopteruis, 75.
gkiesbregkti, Leucopteruis, 75.
gilvicollis, Micrastur, 25, 122.

, Sparvius, 121.

giuginiauus, Neophron, 10.
gironnieri, Falco, 93.
girrenera, Iialiastur, x, 79.

, var. ambigua, Haliastur, 79.

182

INDEX OF SPECIES.

gouldi, Circus, 22,
govinda, Milvus, 80, 81.
gracilis, Geranospizias, 25.

-, Tinnunculus, 98.

griseiceps, Lophospizias, 29.
griseigularis, Urospizias, 36.
griseocauda, Rupornis, 72.
griseogularis, Urospizias, 36.
gruberi, Onycbotes, 71.
grueberi, Onycbotes, 71.
gryphus, Sarcorhamphus, 2.
guerilla, Micrastur, 25, 117, 118, 119.
guianensis, Falco, 45.

, Morpbnus, 45.

gularis, Accipiter, 39, 40, 165, 166,
169.

, Astur (Nisus), 40, 165, 166,

167.

gundlachii, Cooperastur, 44.

, Urubitinga, 77.

gurneyi, Baza, 90, 154, 155.

, Limnaetus, 49.

guttatus, Cooperastur, 44.
gymnocepbalus ?, Daptrius, 13.
gyrfalco, Ilierofalco, 111, 161, 162,
’ 163, 164.

haliaetus, Pandion, x, 112.
hamatus, Rostrbamus, 85.
haplochrous, Urospizias, 33.
harlani, Buteo, 66.
harpyia, Morpbnus, 40.

, Tbrasaetus, 46.

harrisi, Antenor, 70, 71.
hartlaubi, Accipiter, 40.
bastata, Aquila, 57.
hawaii, Accipiter, 42.
beliaca, Aquila, 54.
hemidactylus, Falco, 25.
bemilasius, Buteo, 62, 134, 135.
hemiptilopus, Archibuteo, 61.
bendersoni, Falco, 110.
benicogrammus, Urospizias, 36.
hensti, Astur, 28.
bimalayensis, Gyps, 8.

biogaster, Urospizias, 36.
hispaniolensis, Gyps, 7.
bistrionicus, Falco, 20.
bolbcelb, Ilierofalco, 111, 161, 163.
bolospilus, Spilornis, 17.
borsfieldii ?, Limnaetus, 49.
budsonius, Circus, 19.
bumbloti, Circus, 23.
bumilis, Polioaetus, 60.
bydropbilus, Buteo, 65.
byemalis, Falco, 67.
hypoleuca, Gennaia, 111.
bypoleucus, Elanus, 84.

?, Haliaetus, 58.

bypospodius, Buteo, 69.

icbtbyaetus, Polioaetus, 60.
ictinus, Milvus, 80.
indicus, Astur, 29.

, Butastur, 73.

, Gyps, 8.

indus, Haliaetus, 79.

, Haliastur, 79.

infuscata, Ilenicopernis, 88.
inglisi, Tinnunculus, 100.
insignatus, Buteo, 68.
insignis, Poliobierax, 94.
intermedins, Haliastur, 79.
interstinctus, Falco, 97.

, Tinnunculus, 97.

iota, Catbartes, 5.
isabellinus, Tinnunculus, 99.
isidori, Aquila, 50.

, Lopbotriorcbis, 50.

islandus, Falco, 111.

, Ilierofalco, 111, 161, 162,

163.

isura, Lopboictinia, 81.

jakal, Buteo, 65.
japonicus, Buteo, 63, 137, 141.

, Tinnunculus, 97.

jardinii, Circus, 23.
juggur, Gennaia, 109.
jugularis, Micrastur, 25, 118.

INDEX OF BPECIES.

kaupi, Leucopternis, 76.
kelaarti, Limnaetus, 48.
kieneri, Astur, 60.

, Lopkotriorckis, 60.

kolbk, Gyps, 7, 8.

, Vultur, 9.

korsckun, Milvus, 81.
krideri, Buteo, 66.

lakradorus, Hierofalco, 111.
lacernulata, Ledcopternis, 76.
lagopus, Aquila, 60.

, Arckikuteo, 60.

, Buteo, 61.

, Falco, 61.

lanarius, var. mexicanus, Hierofalco,

110.

, var. polyagrus, Falco, 110.

lanceolatus, Limnaetus, 49.
latifrons, Microkierax, 92.
latissimus, Buteo, 67.
leucaucken, Falco, 26, 118.

, Micrastur, 25, 118.

leucocepkala, Butaquila, 134.
leucocepkaius, Buteo, 62, 134, 136,
136, 137.

, Haliaetus, 58.

, Pandion, x, 112, 113.

P, Pandion, 113.

leucogaster, Hakaetus, 59, 60.

, Ichtkyaetus, 59.

leuconotus, Helotarsus, 18.
leucopkrys, Tinnunculus, 99.
leucops P, Buteo, 70.

, Buteo, 143, 144, 145.

, Tackytriorckis, 143.

leucopterus, Falco, 58.
leucopygus, Rostrkamus, 85.
leucorrkoa, Asturina, 147.

, Buteola, 72.

leucorrkous, Falco, 72.
leucorypkus, Haliaetus, 59.
leucosomus, Leucospizias, 33.
leuco8temus, Ilaliastur, 79.
leucurus, Elanus, 84.

183

leucurus, Milvus, 84.
limnaetus, Falco, 49.

, Spizaetus, 49.

lineatus, Buteo, 67.
k venter, Butastur, 73.
longicauda, Henicopernis, 87, 88.
lopkotes, Baza, 91.
lucani, Lopkotriorckis, 52.
lucasanus, Buteo, 66.
lunulatus, Hypotriorckis, 103.
lutosus, Polykorus, 12.

macei, Haliaetus, 59.
macropterus, Circus, 20.
macrosceles, Circus, 21.
macroscelides, Astur, 31, 32.
macrurus, Circus, 19, 20.

, Urotriorckis, 26.

maculata, Aquila, 57.
maculosus, Cii’cus, 20, 21.
madagascariensis, Accipiter, 42.

, Baza, 89.

, Polyboroides, 18.

magellanicus ?, Sarcorkamphus, 2.
magnirostris, Baza, 90.

, Rupornis, 72.

maillardi, Circus, 21.
major, Milvus, 80.
malayensis, Neopus, 51.
manikensis, Accipiter, 40, 165, 173,
174.

, Nisus, 173.

maurus, Circus, 20.
meckowi ?, Mekerax, 27.
megalopterus, Pkalcobaenus, 12.
megarkynckus, Regerkinus, 88.
melanocklamys, Urospizias, 37.
melanogenys, Falco, 107.
melanoleucus, Accipiter, 34, 43.

, Circus, 21.

, Geranoaetus, 74.

, Micrastur, 24.

, Microkierax, 93.

, Spiziaster, 51.

melanope, Leucopternis, 76.

184

INDEX OF SPECIES.

melanosckistus, Accipiter, 42.
melanosternon, Gypoictinia, x, 82.
melanotis, Circaetus, 15.

, Milvus, x, 80, 81.

, Spilornis, 16.

menetriesi, Buteo, 62, 139.
meridionalis, Gypaetus, 11.

, Ileterospizias, 78.

metabates ?, Melierax, 27.
mexicana, Gennaia, 110.
mexicanus, Falco, 110.

, rar. polvagrus, Falco, 110.

meyerianus, Urospizias, 34, 35.
migrans, Milvus, 81.
milvipes, Falco, 110.
minimus, Spilornis, 17.
minor, Falco, 107.
minullus, Accipiter, 40.
minutus, Buteo, 71.
mirandollei, Micrastur, 24.
misoriensis, Urospizias, 35, 127,
130.

mississipiensis, Ictinia, 84.
mogilnik, Aquila, 54, 55.
moluccensis, Tinnunculus, 97.
monachus, Neophron, 10.

, V ultur, 5, G.

monogrammica, Asturinula, 27.
montanus, Buteo, 65.
moreli, Nisoides, 29.
morphuoides, Nisaetus, 53.
muelleri, Astur, 36.
musicus, Melierax, 26.

nrevia, Aquila, 56.
nsevioides, Aquila, 55.
nattereri, Rupornis, 72.
naumanni, Tinnunculus, 100.
neglectus, Tinnunculus, viii, 97.
neogasus, Plangus, 77.
newtoui, Tinnunculus, 98.
niger, Geranospizias, 26.

, Melierax, 27.

nigricollis, Busarellus, 78.
nigroplumbeus, Accipiter, 43.

niloticus, Melierax, 27.
nipalensis, Aquila, 54, 55.

, Limnaetus, 47, 48.

, Nisaetus, 47.

nisoides, Accipiter, ix, 40, 165, 166,
168, 174.

nisus, Accipiter, 41, 168.
nitida, Asturina, 74.
niveus, Falco, 49.
norvegicus, Arehibuteo, 61.

, Falco, 61.

novas-guineae, Harpyopsis, 46.
novae-bollandiae, Astur, 33.

, Leucospizias, 33.

novse-zealandias, Falco, 12.

, Ilarpa, 95.

nubicus ?, Otogyps, 7.

obsoletus, Buteo, 68.
occidentalis, Ieracidea, 96.

, Leucopternis, 75.

occipitalis, Lophoaetus, 50.

, Lophogyps, 6.

orientalis P, Aquila, 65.

, Hieracidea, 96.

, Spizaetus, 47.

ornatus, Spizaetus, 47.
ossifragus, Gypaetus, 11.
ovampensis, Accipiter, 42.
oxypterus, Buteo, 68.

pallescens ?, Gyps, 8.
palliata, Leucopternis, 75.
palliatus, Falco, 88.
pallidiceps, Urospizias, 36.
pallidus, Circus, 19.

, Spilornis, 17.

palumbarius, Astur, 28.
palustris, Falco, 20.
papa, Gyparchus, 3.
parasiticus, Milvus, 81.
pealei, Falco, 106.
pectoralis, Circaetus, 15.

, Cooperastur, 44.

pekinensis, Tinnunculus, 159, 160.

INDEX OF SPECIES.

185

pekiuensis ?, Tinnunculus, 100.
pelagicus, Thalassaetus, 58.
pelzelni, Micrastur, 25, 121, 122, 123,
126.

pennatus, Nisaetus, 52, 54.
pennsylvanicus, Buteo, 67, 68.
percnopterus, Neophron, 9, 10.
peregrinator, Falco, 105.
peregrinus, Falco, viii, ix, 106.

leucogenys, Falco, viii.

perniger, Rhinogryphus, 4.
philippensis, Liinnaetus, 48.
pileatus, Cooperastur, 43.

, Neophron, 10.

plagiata, Asturina, 74.
plumbea, Ictinia, 85.

, Leucopternis, 76.

plumbens, Falco, 84.

, Polioaetus, 60.

?, Rostrhamus, 85.

plumipes, Buteo, 63, 137, 138, 139.
pcecilochrous, Buteo, 69.
poecilonotus, Buteo, 75.

, Falco, 75.

poliocephalus, Accipiter, 33.

, Leucospizias, 33, 127.

poliogaster, Cooperastur, 44.
poliogenys, Buteo, 73.
poliopsis, Scelospizias, 31.
poliopterus, Melierax, 26.
poliosomus, Buteo, 70.
polyagi’us, Falco, 106, 110.
polyzonoides, Scelospizias, 30.
polyzonus, Melierax, 26.
pomarina, Aquila, 57, 132.
princeps, Leucopternis, 75.
pterocles, Buteo, 69.

, Falco, 69.

ptilorhynchus, Pernis, 87.
pucherani, Rupornis, 72.
pulchellus, Urospizias, 35.
punctata, Aquila, 56.
punctatus, Tinnunculus, 98.
punicus, Falco, 107, 108.
pusillus, Scelospizias, 30.

pygargus, Circus, 20.

radiatus, Erytlirotriorchis, 45.

, Polyboroides, 18.

ranivorus, Circus, 23.
rapax, Aquila, ix, 55, 56.
regalis, Archibuteo, 61.
regulus, /Esalon, 104.
reinwardti, Baza, ix, 89, 154, 155.
religiosus ?, Flypotriorchis, xi, 102.
reptilivorus, Serpentarius, 1.
rhodogaster, Accipiter, 39.
rhodogastra, Teraspiza, 39.
richardsoni, /Esalon, 104.
ridgwayi, Rupornis, 72.

, Urubitinga, 77, 148, 150.

riocoiu’, Falco, 83.
riocouri, Nauclerus, 83.
rubricollis, Accipiter, 38, 39.
rueppelli, Gyps, 9.
rufa, Baza, 90.
ruficauda, Rupornis, 72.
ruficollis, Chicquera, 105.

, Micrastur, 25, 118, 119, 120.

rufigularis, Hypotriorcliis, 103.
rufipectus, Spilornis, 17.
rufipennis, Butastur, 73.
rufipes, Falco, 100.
rufitinctus, Lophospizias, 29.
rufitorques, Urospizias, 37.
ruflventer, Buteo, 63.
rufiventris, Accipiter, 43.
rufonuchalis, Aquila, 57.
rupicoloides, Tinnunculus, 98, 156,
157.

rupicolus, Tinnunculus, 97.
rutherfordi, Spilornis, 16.
rutilans, Falco, 78.

, Hypomorphnus, 78.

saker, Falco, 110.

, Gennaia, 110.

salvini, Accipiter, 43.
sancti-johannis, Archibuteo, 01.
saturata, Rupornis, 72.

x

186

INDEX OE SPECIES.

saturatus, Tinnunculus, 96, 97.

?, Tinnunculus, 97.

scliistacea, Leucopternis, 76.

, Urubitinga, 76.

schistaceus, Falco, 101.
scotoptera, Leucopternis, 75.
scriptus, Elanus, 84.
secretarius, Sagittarius, 1.

, Serpentarius, 1.

semiplumbea, Leucopternis, 76.
semitorquatus, Falco, 93.

, Micrastur, 24.

, Poliobierax, 93, 94.

serpentarius, Gvpogeranus, 1.
severus, Hypotriorcbis, x, 102.
sbabeen, Falco, 105.
sbarpii, Astur, 37.

, Urospizias, 36.

sinensis, Microhierax, xi, 93.
sociabilis, Ilostrbanius, 85.
socorroensis, Buteo, 66.
solitarius, Buteo, 64, 141.

, Circaetus, 77.

, Harpyhaliaetus, 77.

, Polioaetus, 64.

soloensis, Astur, 35.

, Tacbyspizias, 32.

sparverioides, Tinnunculus, 100.
sparverius, Falco, 99.

, Tinnunculus, x, 98.

spectabilis, Dryotriorcbis, 17.
spbenurus, TIaliastur, 80.

, Scelospizias, 31.

sphynx, Limnaetus, 48.
spilogaster, Nisaetus, 47, 50, 52.

, Spilornis, 16.

spilonotus, Circus, 22, 115, 116.
spilotborax, Circus, 22.
stanleyii, Falco, 44.
stevensoni, Accipiter, 40, 165, 166,
174.

striatulus, Astur, 28.
stropbiatus, Arcbibuteo, 61.
subbuteo, Hypotriorcbis, 102.
subcristata, Baza, 89.

subcristatus, Lepidogenys, 89.
subniger, Accipiter, 41.

, Gennaia, 111.

suckleyi, riEsalon, 104.
sulaensis, Accipiter, 39.

?, Spilornis, 17.

sumatrensis, Baza, 90.
superciliaris, Leucopternis,

76.

superciliosus, Accipiter, 41.

, Falco, 41.

swainsoni, Buteo, 68, 71.

, Circus, 19.

, Gampsonyx, 83.

sylvestris, Urospizias, 37.

tackiro, Falco, 31.

, Scelospizias, 31.

ttcniatus, Morphnus, 45.
taeniurus ?, Rostrhamus, 85.
tanypterus P, Falco, 109.
teesa, Butastur, 73.
temerarius, Falco, 104.
tenuirostris, Gyps, 8.

, Lophospizias, 29.

tharus, Polyborus, 11, 12.
tibialis, Astur, 31.
tinus, Falco, 41.
torquatus, Accipiter, 38.

, Nisus, 37.

, Urospizias, 37, 38, 129.

toussenelii, Scelospizias, ix, 32.
tricolor, Buteo, 69.
trinotatus, Erytbrospizias, 32.
trivirgatus, Lophospizias, 29.
tweeddalii, Pemis, 87.
typicus, Polyboroides, 18.
typus, Ckicquera, 105.
tyrannus, Spizaetus, 47.

uncinatus, Falco, 88.

, Regerhinus, 88.

undulatus, Spilornis, 16.
unduliventer, Scelospizias, 31.
unicinctus, Antenor, 70.

INDEX OK SPECIES.

187

unicinctus, Craxirex, 71.
unicolor, Buteo, G9.
urubitinga, Cathartes, 5.

, Morpbnus, 77.

varius, Buteo, 69.
ventralis, Accipiter, 43.
verreauxi, Aquila, 54.

, Baza, 89.

versicolor, Urospizias, 34.
vespertinus, Erythropus, 100.
vindbiana, Aquila, 56.
virgatus, Accipiter, ix, 39, 40, 165,
168, 170, 171, 172, 173.

, Falco, 39.

vocifer, Haliaetus, 59.
vociferoides, Haliaetus, 59.
vulgaris, Buteo, 64, 68, 138.

wahlbergi, Aquila, 62, 57.
wallacii, Astur, 36.

, Urospizias, 37.

wilsoni, Regerhinus, 88.
wolfi, Circus, 21, 22.

xauthotborax, Falco, 25.

yetapa, Falco, 82.

zonarius, Accipiter, 31.
zoniventris, Dissodectes, 95.
zonocercus, Buteo, 67.
zontborax, Micrastur, 25, 120.
zonura, Urubitinga, 77, 148,
149.

zouurus, Circaetus, 15.

, Spizaetus, 52.

THE END.