i I i ( i f < i A botanical arrangement BRITISH PLANTS. VOL. I. I THE SECOND EDITION. » A BOTANICAL ARRANGEMENT O F BRITISH PLANTS; INCLUDINft the uses of each species, I N MEDICINE, DIET, RURAL CECONOMY AND THE ARTS. • / WITH AN EASY Introdudion to the Study of Botany, fee. ILLUSTRATED BY COPPER PLATES. THE SECOND EDITION. By tVILLIAM WI T H E R I N G, M.D. F. R.S. member Of FhE royal medical society of EDINBURGH, AND PHYSICIAN TO THE GENERAL HOSPITAL AT BIRMINGHAM. INCLDDINC A NEW SET OF REFERENCES TO FIGURES. By JONATHAN STOKES, M.D. I ATE PRESIDEUT OP THEROYAL MEDICAL SOCIETY OP EDINBURGH, CORRESPONDING MEMBER OP THE S O C I E.T V OF ANTIQUARIES OP SCOTLAND; PHYSICIAN AT KIDDERMINSTER. • VOL. I. BIRMINGHAM: PRINTED BY'M. SWINNEY; FOR G. G. J. &C J. ROBINSON, PATERNOSTER-ROW, AND J. ROBSON, NEW BOND-STREET, LONDON; J. BALFOUR, AND C. ELLI OT, EDINBURGH. U.UCC.LXXKVII. ( iii ) PR E F_ A C E. T length the fecond Edition of the J. jL Botanical Arrangement makes its appearance. The Author pleads in excufe for its long delay, the multiplicity of his own profeffional engagements, and the very great improvements, both in the plan, and in the execution of the work. Being confcious of the unavoidable imperfedion attendant on a firft attempt to naturalize this fcience, which, in its improved hate was new to the Englifh language ; he re^ quelled the affiflance of others. He is happy to have experienced that approba- tion of his delign, which .calledTorth the Vol. E a affiflance IV PREFACE. affiftance he fought for ; and the effort of naturalifing the dodrines of the Linnsean School of Botany, has been crowned with a degree of fuccefs beyond his moft fan- guine expectations. From the very liberal afliftance he has met with, the work is now rifen fupe- rior to its firfl inflitution, aiming at very effential improvements in that branch of Science, which, at firft, it only attempted to render more eafily acceflible. It may therefore be neceffary to enumerate fome of the more ftriking features of the prefent Edition. The Tranllation of the Generic and Spe- cific Characters has been compared with Reichard*s Edition of the Genera and Spe- cies plantarum, and the numbers of thofe editions have been adopted. The Essential Generic Charac*^ ’ TER is fubjoined to each Generic defcrip- tion, and the artificial character is re- tained at the head of the Clafs. The particular places of growth of the rarer plants are carefully enumerated, and • many PREFACE. many new ones are added, which are in- cluded between crotchets. This has been done at the requefl of feveral friends to the work; their opinion prevailing againft the reafons adduced for omitting them in the lirft Edition # The Reader will find in this Edition fe- veral fpecies, and many varieties of plants, unnoticed by Linnaeus. The Varieties of preceding authors are marked by Greek letters ; thofe peculiar to this work by Arabic numerals. The Latin Synonyms of Bauhine, Ge- rard, Parkinfon, and Ray, which occupied fo much fpace in the firft edition, are now omitted; partly becaufe they could be of little ufe to thofe who do not underftand * Mr. Woodward, to whom the readers, as well as myfelf, are Indebted for many improvements, in almoft every page of this work, and whofe liberality of fentiment is only equalled *by his induftry and accuracy in botanical inveftigation, defires me to obferve that the HahitatSi or native places of growth, in the Northern Counties of England, which ftand in his name, belong jointly to himfelf and Mr. Crowe ; the plants having been colleAed in a journey they took into thofe Counties, in the fummer of tySi. a 2 ifie PREFACE. the Latin language, for they who do, may get the references frc^m Hudson’s Flora Anglica; and partly to make room for a new fet of references to figures, which my friend Dr. Stokes undertook to furnifh. Thefe references make one of the mofl; valuable parts of the prefent Edition. Nothing Ihort of his extenfive knowledge of the fub- jec^l, joined to an indefatigable induftry, could have effetfied the reformation re* quired ; but the full force of his exertions will only be iinderfiood by fuch as have laboured at the fubjed themfelves, and experienced the difficulty of marfhalling error crowded upon error, into regular and beautiful order. Thefe references are exprefied in the fhorteft way poflible; the befi figures are mentioned firfi; : The ab- breviations are explained by the author of the references, in the catalogue of au- thors fub-joined. The references to Ray are preferved, fo lar as the Varieties he furniftied rendered them necefiary. The Linnasan names have now taken the lead of the Englifh ones, and to • ■ facilitate PREFACE. vii facilitate their adoption, they are accent- ed. In the difficult taflc of accentuation I had the affiftance of my worthy friends Dr. Arnold of Leicefter, and the late * Rev^. Mr. Newling of Birmingham, whofe claffical attainments, efpecially in Greek literature, were an ornament to the purity and urbanity of his manners. The Englifh ^ . Botanifl need not nowhelitate to pronounce the Latin names, provided he obferve to throw the force of the voice upon that letter which precedes the mark of accen- tuation*. At the fame time, the Englifh names are Rill retained, in order to fhew that our language is capable of a regular nomenclature ; which, except in a few ‘ inftances, is taken from old eftablifhed authors, or from the daily ufe of the in- habitants of our Ifland. The 3‘*. Volume is intended to be pub- lifhed in the courfe of the enfuing year, and will contain the whole of the Clafs Cryptogamia, together with an eafy * Further direAions for the pronunciation will hereafter be given with the accented Index. a 3 Intro- PREFACE. Vlll Introduction to the Study of Botany; the befl methods of preparing and preferv- ing aHoRTUs siccus, or a colledion of dried fpecimens of plants; the Glos- sary of terms, iliuflrated by plates; the neceffary Indexes; the Rules for Ac- centuation; and, more humiliating, though not lefs neceffary than thefe, the table of Errata, The latter may be made more perfed by the obfervations of others, and the author will be thankful either for fuch, or for any other communications which can tend to advance a favourite ftudy, or to render more compleat an un- dertaking which has coft him much labour and fome anxiety. After all, there is nothing farther from the wifhes of the Author than, that the botanical ftudent fhould confine himfelf to the information which may be obtained within the limits of this work only, for its profeffed intention is to lead him to other valuable fources of knowledge which are at prefent inaccefiible to the unlearned reader. On this account he has carefully avoided tranfcribing any thing from Mr. Lightfoot’s excellent work on the PREFACE. IX the plants of Scotland, for, although that work is at prefent of little ufe to any but the Latin Botanid:,' as the fpecific Characters are given in that language ; yet the tranflations in thefe Volumes will fupply that defect, and render the Englifh reader capable of receiving much ufeful and interefting information, from the va- luable defcriptions in Englilh, which he has generally fubjoined. BIRMINGHAM, 24th Auguft, 1787. i -t A LIST ^ - I ■' V ^^;-. . .«i4 Vj::M»; \ ' u: ’, ?,;.■/: • .-'ijo ■•, ir;?^ : .# Vf7::vJ '*;i-,; ?.;i! Jo!, ):-:" ^..,: ,U\ ,, ; '.^ .■■ ■ l);r:r; '.r . ft j x' M.vv.o-:!;:;.'!^. >ts. ; . j i . ‘?..'',.v.i '' ' ! < ■'-*•; "”■■ n '2 *' ' f.i^’ -‘j ji, lo- .-.j ■'7;.'j -i-'. 'iyr.if'l ■. ■ i.-’ , 'i-rj! :xfij ti f-rr'/:: --joi;!/. .. L Hi.. i-i,. -oMr ii V ' . . 'b j:L'.'-'’j* v? t,: r;,ff ■K •* . . ’. ..' ..^ . .J.H.f .' ' ,. ■• ■ ■ '' .:V ^ ) ■ Ji>'’ r*'^- . "■■ : 'r. ‘t *■ »'r: • < ivv. pH;'-.- *» - - .t^ . .* fV?. -• #.- . \\. . n . A;-'* r" ■ '*x . tf • * : u-','. • I '• s ' ' , \ ^ '“'y ^ -fff.i r-sm^ri^iu. ■ •S55r -« .V *' •«! X« . I XI A LIST Of the Names of thofe Gentlemen who have favoured this Edition with their aJJ^ance, l Dr. Arnold, Fellow of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh, PhyCcian at Leiceller. Mr. Ballard, Surgeon, near Malvern Wells, Worcefterfhire. Dr, B E D D o E s, Lefturer in Chemiftry, at Oxford. Dr. Broughton, late Prefident of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh, Phyfician in Kingfton, Jamaica. Mr. Brunton, Jun^ Perry-hill, near Birming- ham. Rev. Henry Bryant, M. A. Heydon, Norfolk. James Crowe, Efq. Tuckfwood, near Norwich. Rev. Samuel Dickenson, L. L. B. Redlor of Blymhill, Staffordlhire. John Ford, Efq. Surgeon in Briftol. Mr. Hall, Newton Cartmell, near Ulverllone, Lancafhire. Mr. Hawkes, Birmingham. T. F. Hill, Efq. late of Ely-Place, Holborn, London ; now in Italy. Mr. J. A. Hu-nter, Nurfery-man, Perry-hill, near Birmingham. Rev. William Hollefear, A. M. Vicar of Wolvey, near Hinkley, Leicefterfhiie. Mr; A LIST, kc. Mr. Jones, late Surgeon in Birmingham. Martyn, Efq. Teignmouth. Rev. Mr. Newberry, Fellow qf Exeter College, Oxpn. Mr. Pi T c H FORD, Surgeon, in Norwich. Mr. S A V I L L E, Lichfield. Pr. J. E. S M I T H, Proprietor of the Linnasan ’ Colledion. t t Dr. Stokes, Member of the Royal Medical So- ciety of Edinburgh, correfponding Member of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Phyfician at Shrewfbury. Robert Stone, Efq. Bungay, Suffolk. J. Watt, Efq. Engineer, Birmingham. Mr. W u A T E L E.y, Surgeon, Old Jewry, London. Mr. Wig G, Schoolmafter, Yarmouth. Rev. Mr. Wood, Leeds, Yorkfhire. Thomas J. Woodward, Efq. L. L. B. Bun- gay, Sufibik. THE ( xiii ) THE DESIGN. Notwithstanding the very rapid progrefs of Science from the middle of the laft century, it is only fince the beginning of this that the ftudy of Natural hiftory hath attra6led the general attention of mankind. Botanical enquiries in particular have been con- fined to a few individuals ; partly from the difficulties which attended them, and partly from an opinion that they were only ufeful to the profeflbrs of Me- dicine ; but the eftablifhment of the L I N N ^ A N SYSTEM called forth a number of votaries to < cultivate this amiable Science ; and the pupils of its admirable author convinced mankind, that the Medical properties of Plants, were far from being the only circumftances worthy their attention. Still xiv the design. Still however difficulties remained. An acquain- tance with one of the Learned Languages was hardly fufficieiit to enable us to underftand his works. The novelty of the fubje6l compelled him to invent a variety of new terms ; and without, or even with the advantages of an Academical Education, it was a very laborious talk to attain precifely that idea, w'hich he wifhed them to,exprefs. In this fituation of things, what could be done by thofe, who from nature, or from accident, found .themfelves pofiTeffed with a tafte for Botanical knowledge? They ftudied Botanical plates : but bad plates conveyed falfe, or infufficient ideas ; and good ones were too expenfive for general ufe. If they applied to old voluminous Herbals, the want of me- thod, the deficiencies, and the long continued at- tention which was requifite, fatigued the mod induf- trious difpofitions. If they fought for information in more modern produdlions, they found fuch a multiplicity of- terms, formed from the Greek and Latin languages, with nothing truly Englifh but the terminations; that they fo on began to defpair of fuccefs, and then relinquiffied the fludy in difguft, A Defire to remove thefe difficulties, and to render the path in this walk of fcience, as eafy as it is delightful, .firft gave rife to the prefent under- taking. From THE DESIGN. XV From an apprehenfion that Botany in an Englifti drefs would become a favourite amufement with the Ladies, many of whom are very confiderable proficients in the ftudy, in fpite of every difficulty, it was thought proper to drop the fexual difiiindlioiis in the titles to the Clalfes and Orders*, and to adhere only to thofe of Number, Situation, and Proportion. They who wiffi to know the curious fa61s which gave birth to this ^celebrated fyftem, may confult the Philofophia Botanica^ the Sponfalia Plantarum-, in the firft volume of the Ammitates Academicce; Lees IntroduBion, and Milne s Botan. DiB. where they will meet with many other very interefiing Philofophical difquifitions. All controverfies about fyft*em are here ftiidloufly avoided. Mankind are weary of fuQh unprofitable difputes. Every Syflem yet invented, undoubtedly may glory in its peculiar beauties, andi with no lefs reafon, bluffi for its particular defedls. It is fuf- ficient for the prefent purpofe that the fyftem of LINNAEUS is now very univerfally adopted; and though confeffedly imperfed, it approaches fo near to perfedion, that we may perhaps never ex-r ped to fee any other improvements, than fuch, as will be founded upon his plan. * The Linnaean titles however, are flill preferved on the top of the left hand pages, to 'accomodate thofe who have been habituated to ufe them. ' With Sexual Dif- tindions. Of Syllem, xvi Language. Terms. THE DESIGKT. With refpecfl to the language, fome apology is undoubtedly neceffary. It wx)uld ' be no difficult matter to render the fentences more connected. This would make them lefs awkward, but at the fame time lefs perfpicuous. Ufe will take off from the former defeat, but nothing can atone for the latter. The beft Syftematic Naturalifts are thofe who entertain precife and well-defined ideas, and communicate >them in fuch a manner, that the charaderiftic features of what they are deferibing, obtrude themfelves upon the eye. * ' , I No part of this undertaking demanded more at- tention, or occafioned more labour, than the fe- ledlion of the terms. The old Englifh Botanifts afforded very confiderable affiftance : ftill, however, it muff be confeffed, that fome words foreign to the Englifh language, are neceffarily retained : but wherever thefe occur, or wherever an Englifh word is taken in a more flridt acceptation than ufual, it maybe found in the Gloffary; and is there ex- plained, either by a definition, by the affiftance of engravings, or by reference to fome well-known example. , # tn quoting examples to explain the terms, it was thought expedient to ufe the moll common * and * L I N NiEU S has great merit in the judicious difpofition of his Matter { fo that a glance of the eye catches in a moment the fubjeA in queftion, without the fatigue of reading page after page. In this work, the fame mode of printing is adopted. THE DESIGN. and well-known names of Plants, and likewlfe to take inftances from Plants which’ are frequent in our gardens, whether liaturally growing in this country, or not. The Latin terms ufed by LINNAEUS are thrown into alphabetical order; partly to demon- ftrate how little the Englifh language {lands in nee'd of foreign terms, and partly with a view of afford- ing affiftance to the reader, when he has occafion to confult other writers upon Botanical fubjeds. The Synopfis of the Genera, at the head of each Clafs, and the fub-divifiohs of the Orders, will be found greatly to fhorten the labour of inveftigation. But the fub-diviflons are not without exceptions : Thefe, however, as well as the exceptions of par- ticular fpecies, are noted under fuch Claffes, Or- ders, or fub-divifions of Orders, as the learner from the contemplation of the Plant in queftion would be moft apt to refer it to. The Generic defcrip- tions are.tranflated from Reichard’s edition of the Genera Plantarum ; but in fome inftances, where the original is evidently more adapted to the foreign , than to the Britifh fpecies, it was neceftary to natu- ralize it to our own country, by additional obferva- tions, though without the omiffion of any part of the original text. The charadlers of the Species are tranflated alfo from R E I c H A R d’s edition of the Species Plantarum : but xvii Genera. Species. xviii Names. THE DESIGN. but as we have a right to expedl that the Flora of a particular country, Ihould be more full and perfect! than one that is meant to contain the productions of the whole furface of the earth, additional de-'. fcriptions are added to almoft every Species. Thefe additional defcriptions are taken from the Flora Suecica, the Flora Lapponica, the Species' Plantarum, or the Amoenitates Academicae of the fame author ; fo as to include nearly the whole of what that ingenious and fagacious naturalift, or his numerous difciples have faid concerning the native plants of the Britilh ifles. After thefe follow original obfervations, the communications of my friends; others from my own notes, and fometimes extradls and remarks from Leers, Scopoli, Hudfon, Gurtis, and other authors of credit, whole names are always ad- ded, that the reader may judge of the belief due to the authority. Many more defcriptive extradls might have been taken from Haller’s Flora Helvetica^ a work abounding with original and ingenious obferva- tions ; but the liberal ufe which Mr. Lightfoot has made of that excellent author, in the EngliBi annotations to his Flora Scotica, has rendered that labour in a great raeafure fuperfluous. At a time, when the names of Plants are already too numerous, nothing lefs than the plea of indif- penfablc T H E D E S I G N. xix fpenfable neceffity can juftify the introduction of new names for any of the Genera : But the intelli- gent reader will immediately perceive the impolTi- bility of forming a compleat Englifli fyflem, with- out creating a few Englifli Generic names. Innova- tions of this kind are never admitted without an abfolute neceffity; wherever that neceffity appear- ed, and the old Englifli Botanifls afforded no af- fiflance, fuch a name was invented as might be ex- preffive of fame flriking charaCleriflic of the Plant. To prevent confufion, the common Englifli names are fubjoined to each Species, and where the com- mon name of a Plant cannot be retained for the Genus, it is generally adopted as the trivial name of the Species. So much for the more flriClly botanical part; but there are other confiderations relative to plants, which render this work more generally iiiterefting, and more extenfively iifeful. The ftrudure of every leaf and every flower, Peculiarities, exhibits proofs of Divine Wifdom ; but we are too apt to pafs, without attention, the phaenomena which are daily prefented to our eyes. In fome parts of the vegetable kingdom, there are however fuch peculiarities of ftruClure, and fuch amazing contriv- ances to anfwer the wife purpofes of the Creator, that a total difregard to them would have been un- pardonable : Thefe therefore are mentioned, in a Vol. I. b concife XX THE DESIGN. Sleep of Plants. Wakeing of Flowers. Oeconomical Ul'es. concife manner, yet fufficiently full to excite the attention of the ingenious. Many Plants in the night-time, from a change in the dirediion of the leaves and leaf-ftalks, alfume an appearance fo totally different from what is ufual to them, that the moft expert Botanift would hardly be able at firft fight to recognize his old acquaintance. This is called the Sleep of Plants? and is noticed under fome of the Species : as is likewife the W a k e i n g, or opening of flowers. Moft flowers when once ex- panded, continue fo night and day; fome clofe againft rainy weather, but fome have their ftated times of opening and clofing independent of any fenfible changes in the atmofphere. Thus the white W a t e r l i l y opens at feven in the morning, and clofes again at four in the after- noon. The yellow Goatsbeard has long been known to have this property, and is therefore called by the country people, John g{o to BED at noon. If kept in a bottle of water, it will be found to open at three or four o’clock in the^morning, and to clofe again before noon. The Oeconomical Ufes of Vegetables, have been too little attended to by men eminent for Botanical Knowledge. The Theory of the Science, and the Pracftical Ufes have been too much dif-joined. At length, however, the generality of mankind are tired with difputes about Syftems, and T H E D E S I G N. xxi and the vegetable produ6lions of Europe are pretty ^ well arranged : It is time therefore to think of turning our acquifitions to fome ufeful purpofe. Our own countryman, the ingenious'and indefati- gable Mr. Ray, in his journeys through the different parts of tlris Ifland, colledled a few important fadls; but it is to the induflry of LINNiEUS and his Difciples, that we are indebted for the greater part ofour knowledge upon this fubjedl. Mv. Stilling fleet, with a zeal truly commendable, attempted to ren- der the Study of the Graffes fubfervient to the great purpofes of agriculture * ; but it was impof- fible that his plan fhould be adopted, whilft the farmer wanted the means of diflinguifliing the dif- ferent Genera and Species. In years of fcafcity we are pften told, that man- Ufesasfood. kind fuffer, and fometimes perifh by famine ; but finely this would never be the cafe, if men were apprized of the very great number of efculent Ve- getables which grow wild and unnoticed in the / fields. Some of them may be ufed with advantage, even amidfl the luxury of plenty ; and others may eafily be gathered in quantities fufficient to fup- port life, when better or more agreeable food can- not be had. With this view, the part of the plant to be preferred, and the ufual mode of dreffing it, are mentioned under thofe Species which have been found moft fuitable for food. * See his Mifcellaneous TraAs. b ^ It XXll Ufes for Cat tie. THE DESIGN. N It is a matter of the greateft confequence to de- termine what Species of Plants are preferred by par- ticular Animals ; for what is noxious to one Animal is often nutritious to another. Thus the Water Cowbane is a certain poifon to cows ; whereas the goat browfes upon it greedily, and with impunity. Monkshood kills goats, but does not hurt horfes. Bitter Almonds are poi- fonous to dogs, but not to men. Parsley is fatal to fmall birds, while fwine eat it fafely; and Pepper is mortal to fwine, but wholefome to poul- try. Many experiments made with this view by LINNiEUS, and his pupils at Upfal^ are given in the fecond vol. of the Amcenitates Academics. The refult of thofe, which relate to the Britifli Plants, will be found under the particular Species. Many of them were repeated ten and even twenty different times, and with the precautions men- tioned below, which are here added for the fake of thofe, who have leifure and opportunity to purfue thefe interefling enquiries. When horfes, cows, &c. arefaidto eat the plant, it means that they eat the Leaves of the plant. Thus I'.orfes and cows eat a great variety of Graffes; but they only eat the leaves ; for when- left to their own chbice they never touch the flowering Stems. Some Plants aie eaten early in the fpring, whilfl; young and tender, but are rejeded in the fummer. The ani- mals chofen for thefe experiments muft not be over- hungry, for an empty llomacli will compel them to T H E _D E S I G N. xxiii to feed upon plants which nature never defigned for them: Nor fliould they be taken immediately out of the houfe ; becaufeafter they have lived a con- fiderable time upon dry food, they devour greedily every green vegetable which comes in their way. The Plants offered to them fhould be handled as little as poflible, for fome Animals are very nice, and will refufe the moll agreeable food, when defiled by fweaty hands. Throw the Plant in queflion upon the ground ; if the Animals refufe to eat it, mix it witli others which they are known to like, and if they flill refufe it, the point is clear ; efpecially if the experiment be repeated with dif- ferent individuals. j The Catalogue of Infers which feed upon the Ufesforin- r different Species of Plants, is confeffedly very im- ^ perfect; but it will ferve as a foundation for future obfervations of the fame kind. Perfeiilion in thefe matters is not to be attained at once. In its pre- fent flate it may not be without its ufe. It will be feen, that Infecls live chiefly upon the produces of the taller Trees, which grow out of the reach of Quadrupedes, fuch as the Elm, the Pear, the Lime and the Oak; or upon the thorny and flinging Plants which repel the attacks of other Animals, as the Rose, the Thistle and the Nettle; or upon fuch plants as exifl every where in great abundance as the Grasses; or hflly, upon fuch Plants as other Animals will not b 3 eat, xxiv Changes. Ufes in the Arts. Medical Vir- tues. ^ THE DESIGN. eat, as the Dock, the Waterlily, the Fig- wort and the Henbane. Derham fuppofes. and with a degree of probabi- lity on his llde ; that the Virtues of Plants may be difcovered by obferving what infedls feed upon them. Thus the Caffida viridis feeds upon Lycopus and upon Mentha, which are plants of the fame Natural Order^ and pofiTeffed of the fame Virtues. The* Phalaena Sambucaria feeds upon feveral of the Rundle-bearing plants of the fifth Clafs, which we know are endued with fimilar qualities ; and the Papilio Cardamine devours the Common Lady-smock and the Mithridate, which are Plants of the fame Natural Clafs and have nearly the fame properties. Many Plants change the appearance of fome of their parts, to accommodate certain Infefts with convenient lodgings : Some of the moft remarkable of thefe changes are noticed. It is beyond a doubt, that the Inhabitants of different countries, and artifts of different kinds, know how to apply a number of Plants to anfwer a variety of purpofes. Such of thefe as could be fe- ledled (rom good authorities, or obtained from pri- vate information, are fubjoined in their refpecffive Many people will be furprized to find fo little faid upon the Medical Virtues of Plants ; but thofe who THE DESIGN. XXV wljo are beft enabled to judge of this matter, will perhaps think, that the greater part of that little might have been omitted. The fuperftition of former ages, operating upon the ignorance of man- kind, gave rife to miracles of every denomination ; and the fafhion of combining a great variety of in- gredients with a defign to anfwer any particular purpofe, rendered the real efficacy of any of them extremely doubtful. The dreadful apprehenfions which men formerly entertained of POISONS, made them fearful of employing fubllances that w'ere capable of doing mifchief; and therefore they rejeded thofe which were mod likely to do good. A number of Vegetables fit only for food, were fuppofed capable of producing the greateft altera- tions in the human body; and at length almoft every common Plant was edeemed a cure for almod every difeafe. In this fituation of things, little ad- vantage can be reaped from the experience of for- mer times: we fliall fooner attain the end pro- pofed, if we take up the fubjed as altogether new, and rejeding the fables of the antient Herbalids, build only upon the bafzs of experiments well con- ceived and accurately executed. To facilitate the work as much as poffible, the following obferva- tions are added.. Certain Plants, capable of producing fudden and remarkably deleterious effeds upon Animal Bodies, are called Poifonous : but Poifons in fmall dofes are the bed medicines ; and ufeful medicines b 4 in XXVI the design. in too large dofes are poifonous. Even the moll in- nocent aliments, in certain quantities, are noxious. We mull not difdain to learn the Medicinal ufes of Plants from the meaneft of Mankind; efpecially where they ufe their remedies in an uncompound- ed form ; for what are thofe celebrated medicines which we import from the Indies at a confiderable annual expence, as Ipecacuanha, Contrayerva and Sarfaparilla, but remedies, by long experience, approved amongft the common people in the coun- tries from which we purchafe them? t Plants of the fame Genus have fomething of the fame Virtues : Thofe of the fame Natural Order have Hill a nearer refemblance ; and thofe of the fame Natural Clafs the neared of all. Thefe pro- perties are remarked in the Introdu(dions to the Claffes. Plants having honey cups detached from the pe- tals are generally poifonous, as the Helebore, the Columbine and the Daffodil. Plants with a milky juice are frequently poifonous; as fome of the Mushrooms, the Spurges, and Celandine. Others are fo but in a lefs degree, as H aw.k-weed, Goats- BEARD, Sue CORY a'lld LeTTUCE. Plants THE DESIGN. Plants with a fnnple jointed ftem, fword-fliaped leaves, and flefliy roots, are generally acrid : thus the juice of the yellow Flag excites vomiting and fneezing. The pleafant-tafted and fweet-fmelling Plants are generally wholefome. Plants which have an ungrateful fmell produce difagreeable effedls, as the Elder, and many of the Fungusses. Thofe which fmell nau- ■feoufly, as the Henbane, are generally poi- fonous. » Plants which are bitter to the talle, are ftomachic, and dellroy acidity; as Gentian, and Cen- taury. Acid Plants abate heat and thirJil, and refill; putrefaftion ; as the fruit of the Currant, . or the leaves of the W oodsorrel. Allringent Vegetables may be difeovered by the talle. A red colour, indicates acidity ; a yellow one, sbitternefs, or acrimony. Plants in dry feafons, and growing in dry fitua- Itions, have moll talle. Thus the aromatic Plants, eas Thyme, Sage and M a rj o r a m are by far !tbe bell in dry foils ; and every one knows the iinfipidity of Fruits in wet foils and wet feafons. Plants 1 i xxvii xxviii THE DESIGN. Plants which grow in watery fituations are often corrofive ; as Crowfoot and Water- lily. But the corrofive aquatic Plants lofe much of their acrimony when cultivated in a dry foil ; Of this, the Garden Celery is a fufficient example. Roots are in greateft perfedlion, when the leaves firft begin to put forth. Leaves are beft gathered, when the blolToms are beginning to open. Flowers are in greateft perfedlion, when moderately expanded. Seeds muft be gathered, when they have attained their full fize and are ne'arly ripe. Barks are beft in the winter, before the fap rifes. Different parts of the fame Vegetable often ma- nifeft very different properties : Thus the leaves of W o R M w o o D are bitter, whilft the roots are aromatic. The Seed-veffels, or Heads of Pop- pies are narcotic, but the Seeds have no fuch quality. It will readily be allowed, that thefe rules are by no means univerfal : The exceptions to moft of them are numerous. We muft be content to confider them, as rude and imperfedl out-lines, which the induftry of future ages will correcft and compleat. AD VER- ( xxix ) ADVERTISEMENT, BY THE. \ Author of the References to Figures. My Plan in the new references which I here offer to the public, has been to afford the invefligating botanift as full a collodion of refer- ences to figures, as the fize of the work would ad- mit. It is not in every one’s power to become poffefTed of a complete collodion of figures, and thofe who are, cannot eafily tranfport them to fitua-. tions in which their pofTeffor might wifh to confult their contents. Different herbals may, however, in mofl places be met with, though perhaps not the individual one referred to in the more portable works which he may have made the companions of his journey. On this account, I have thought I might XXX ADVERTISEMENT. I' might perform no unacceptable office to the pradlical botanift, to undertake a review of all the figures to which I could obtain accefs, and to pre- fent him in as fmall a compafs as poffible, the refult of my examinations, in a colledlion of all fuck figures, placed in the order of their fuppofed compara- tive excellence. By this means, I flatter myfelf, he will be enabled to derive information from any of the old herbals. And if polfelfed of a complete colledlion , of botanical figures, it is poffible that amidft fo large a number he might be at a lofs which to confult, or in which of them he ffiould confide as the moft faithful reprefentation of the plant in queflion. He may confult all in his pof- feffion; and then I doubt not, if accuflomed to the infpeclion of plants and figures, he will form a very juft judgment. But if unexperienced, or preffed for time, I flatter myfelf that mine will not at leaft prove unacceptable- Thefe opinions I fubjecl to the examination of the experienced botanift, without prefuming to inftrudl him. From fuch I fball be happy to receive inftrudion, and to profit by it, with due acknowledgments, in cafe of a future edition. I have inferted no figures which I have not ex- amined and compared, unlefs the contrary is ex- preffly noticed. In forming the above judgment I have endeavoured to abftradl myfelf from the glare offplendid colouring, and the lefs obtrufive,' though s ADVERTISEMENT. XXXI though not lefs deceitful finifh of the engraver, and to confider with impartiality, which of the figures may have the merit of giving moft exadly the true genius and habit of the plant. The read- er muft not- therefore be fuprifed to obferve a a wooden cut from the old herbals, foraetimes to precede an engraving on copper in the Flora danicay efpecially in that part of it which has appeared Cnee the unfortunate affair of Struenfee, occafioned the removal of the ingenious O ed er from the di- redlion of that work. Thefe references may alfo be produeflive of fome benefit to fcience, in pointing out to the ingenious artift, who employs his pencil in botanical works, what plants have been already well figured, and what ftill remain to be delineated; There are feveral works vdiich I could mention, where the number of new figures are exceedingly few, and ; the pracftical botanift to poffefs thefe, is obliged to purchafe a great number of others which have be- fore appeared in former publications, J a c q u i n, .Pallas, and Dickson, are examples of a jufi; jplan. While fo many plants, natives of thefe iiflands, and not comprehended within the limits lof the Flora Londinenfis, or cultivated in our Ibotanic gardens, remain un-illuftrated by accurate engravings, the artift cannot complain of a want of ffubjedls for his pencil. I could wifh indeed, that Ifuch deficiencies were fupplied under the diredlion of xxxli ADVERTISEMENT. of an experienced botanift, fuch as our rivals in fcience poffefs, in the perfon of M. L’ H e r et i r, or the artifts of Nuremberg, in the excellent Schmid EL. But if thofe who ought to be the pa- trons of fuch works, leave them to be dire6led by artifts, every true lover of botanical fcience fhould do, what at leaft he can, to direft their labours, and render them as conducive as poflible to the advancement of fo ufeful and pleafing a branch of knowledge. • A revifion of the references to figures, appeared to me to be very much wanting. In the 2 frfl edi- tions of R ay’s Synopjis, as alfo in all his other^ -- works, the names of preceding authors are given but without any reference to the number of the volume or page. In the 3d edition^ publifhed in 1724, this deficiency was fupplied by the ingeni- ous editor Dillenius. The references of Dillenius, were given in the Flora Anglica of Mr. Hudson, but with the omif- fion of the references to the firft edition of Gerard, to which Dillenius in general, feems very juftly to have given the preference, and the fynonyms of Johnfon’s edition, generally quoted by the title of Gerardus emaculatus^ fubftituted in their place. In all thefe citations, there are no marks by which the reader can be alTured whether the plant cited be figured there or not, which necelTarily occafions him frequent difappointment in his refearches. Mr. ADVERTISEMENT. Mr. L I G H T F o o T in his Flora Scotica^ has given us references to figures, evidently the refult of ac- tual obfervation. But they are confined to the plants of Scotland and the Hebrides, and the 2d edition of Ger. feems the only one of the older au- thors whom he refers to. In the lall edition of the Species plantarum., pub- liflied by Rei chard, under the title of plantarum, there are many new references to figures, but they are merely tranfcripts from the authors cited. But figures, without a fyftem to conduct the read- er to them, are almoll ufelefs, and there are fome plants which have fo great a refemblance to each other in their external form, that even when growing, they are with difficulty diftinguiffied. The ftrudlure however of their minuter parts, fre- quently affords unambiguous marks of diflin6lion. Hence the utility of thofe fhort charadleriftic de- fcriptions, called by Linnaeus, the fpccific charaEier* Ray had the merit of ellablifhing Claffes on bo- tanical principles, and Tournefort that of dif- tinguifhing Genera by flill more exadl modes of dif- crimination ; but it was left for L inn.eus to diftin- guiffi fpecies by certain and unambiguous charac- teriftics drawn from ,the fhape, fituation, and pro- portion of the parts. M i c h e l i indeed had made fome advances towards this mode of difcri- m illation ; xxxiii xxxiv advertisement. mination ; but the marks which he fixed upon, were frequently ambiguous, and not fufficiently charadleriftic, Linnaeus after the example of Mi- ch el i, confidered thefe characfieriftical delbrip- tions as the name of the plant, and he even laid down a rule that they {lT,ould not confift of more than 12 words. But it being difcovered that fuch names could with difficulty be retained in the me- mory, or employed in converfation, and as genera were already diftinguifhed by a fingle name, Lin- naeus was infenfibly led to denote the fpecies of each genus by an epithet expreffive of the particu- lar fpecies, or a name rendered familiar by long 'ufage. Thefe he called by the modeft title of No- mina trivialia : or trivial names. But they were foon found of great importance in facilitating the diffu- fion of botanical knowledge, and they have been adopted by almoft all intelligent botanifis. Some indeed, who have in general adopted them, do not appear to have been fully fenfible of their value, and of the mifchiefs which mufi; neceffarily arife from arbitrarily changing them. Many of the words of the Englifh language might be rendered more harmonious, we might latinife them after the manner of Johnfon, or italianifethem, on the model exhibited by the author of Letters on literature, but were fuch innovations to become general, our bell writers would be robbed of all the graces of ftyle, and Gray, and Gibbon, become in a few years, as obfolete as Chaucer. Nobotanifts of the Linnaean adve,rtisement. XX Linnaean fchool, have been fo faulty in this re- fpeA as thofe of our own country. Were they men of inferior talents that committed thefe faults, I fi’muld only remark, how much eafier it is to change a name than to difcover the effential charadler of a new* genus or fpecies. But the faults which I complain of, originate,! amperfuaded, not from a love of felf- diftindlioh, but from not fufficiently attending to the importance of poffeffing an eflabliflied no- menclature. Wliere fpecies have been referred to wtong genera, or genera eftablilhed on erro- neous principles, changes in the generic name muft inevitably take place, but the trivial^ or Jpf- cifc name-, as it ought rather to be called, fliould if poffible remain unaltered. Mr. Hudson in his s Q.d edition, has changed Ononis arvenjis of Linnaeus and the ifl edition of his own work to 0. inermis ; Alopecurns monfpelienjis and paniceus to ar^atUs ; Agrojiis capillaris to polymorpha ; Melica -nutans to montana-, becaufe it had been called Gramen aven- aceum locuftis rubris montanum by C. Bauhine ; Bromus mollis to polymorphus^ arvenjis to ereBus-, and tnadritenjis to mumlis ; Pajiinaca fativa to fylvejiris Agdricus virens of Scop. & Schaelf. to viridis ; Car^ duus aeanthoides to crifpus-, and crifpus to acantholdes,, Sparganium ereBum to ramofum., &c. Mr» Light- f'ooT has changed Serapias longifolia to pahjiris ; and Mr. Curtis, in fpite of all the arguments I could urge to him at the time, changed Boletus fugofus of Jacq. to lucidus; and Agaricus crenulatus Vol. I. c of XXXVl ADVERTISEMENT. of Muller to plicatilis, though Mr. Lightfoot had already given the name of plicatus to a fpecies of the fame genus. When a judicious botanifl has communicated to the public a new fpecies, and lias dillinguiflied it by a name conformable to the prin- ciples of the Linnzean nomenclature, it would pre- vent much confufion if fucceedirig obfer\^ers were to adopt the name already given, and be but a . proper compliment to the difcoverer of a new fpecies. Mr. Hudfon, and Mr. Lightfoot, are not to blame for the many fpecies to which they have given different names, as their refpedlive works appeared about the fame time, but it could be wilhed that botanihs, efpecially in the fame kingdom, would more freely communicate fuch plants as appear new to them, and which they pro- pofe to name.’ But I trull the learned, candid, and ingenious poffefTor of the herbarium, library, and manufcripts of the two Linnaei, will be the means of preventing the evils here complained of. Senfible as I am of the importance of figures in the prefent Hate of botany ; I am inclined to believe, when the Linnasan principles of difcrimination fnall have been carried to their full extent, that fpecies, as well as genera, may be dillinguiQiedin fp clear and unambiguous a manner, that figures may bd rendered of .far lefs importance, and their ufe principally confined to the Fungi, Lichens, and Medicinal plants, which laft it is of importance to know in every Rage of their growth. Whatever occurred ADVERTISEMENT. xxxvu occurred to me during the courfe of the work, that could tend to the improvement of the Jpecific cha- raEiers, or to facilitate the inveftigation of plants, has been added. Where any circumftance ap- peared worthy of forming a part ''of the chara6ler itfelf, it has been given alfo in Latin at the bottom of the page,* but where it was only neceffary to cor- redl parts of the fpecific charadler, fuch obferva- tions have been placed immediately after it, with a view to facilitate the labour of inveftigation, but printed in italics, to diftinguifh mere correftions from circumftances effential to the fpecific cha- rader. Such are the views which have engaged my at- tention in the part which I have taken in the pre- fent edition of the Botanical Arrangement. No phyfician who has felt the wifti to make himfelf mafter of the difcoveries made in his profeffion, during the laft and prefent century, but muft have become fully fenfible of the importance of botani- cal knowledge, and it is Linnsean botany alone which can tranfmit with certainty to our pofterity, thofe difcoveries which the prefent age has made of the powers of vegetable remedies. For want of it, we have been but little benefitted by thofe of the Greek phyficians, and we cannot expedl to read their obfervations on the materia medica with any advantage, till a botanical voyage to Greece and c 2 the / xxxviii Advertisement. the Archipelago, propofed by the late Mr. Stil- Hngfleet, fliall find a patron, and introduce into our gardens the plants ufed in medicine by the Greeks. I KIDDERMINSTER, loth Auguft, 1787. ; ABBREVIATIONS. Em PAL. Empal^ment. Bloss. Blofibm. Point. Pointal. , ^ , S. Vess. Seed-veflel. ‘ Capf. Capfule. Ess. Char. Eflential Character. i V B. Barren fiow^rs^ or flowers with.only Chives. F. Fertile flowers, containing pointals, and pro- ducing Seed. H. hermapJhodite flowers, or flowers containing both Chives and Pointals. ■' A. Annual, enduring only for i year, or a fliorter time. ^ B. Biennial, enduring for 2 years. w , P. Perennial, enduring many years. ; S. Shrub. . :o T. Tree. CATA- Catalogue of Botanical Works CITED in this edition, « By the AUTHOR of the REFERENCES. N. B. (i) Roman numerals exprefs the number of the volume, fafciculus, ovfedlon, in which the figure is to be found. (2) Arabic numerals Cgnify in works of plates, the number engraved on the plate referred to, and in printed books, the page where fuch figure is to be found, (3) A fecond fet of Arabic figures, marks out the particular figure referred to, in the plate or page already cited. (4) abr. fignifies abridged ; cop. copied ; repr. re- printed. The blocks from which the w'ooden cuts of the old authors as Dodonseus, Lobel, and Clufius were taken, being the property of Plan- tin of 'Antwerp, their common bookfeller, the life of thefe blocks was purchafed by Johnfon, the editor of Ger.em. — Thefe authors I have ge- nerally placed in this order, Cli^. — Dod. — Lob. — but in the more common plants, Dodonaeus feems to have been the original publilher, in the more curious ones, Clufius. Acr. xl CATALOGUE .OF ACT", upf. Nova a6la reg. focietatis fcientia- jum Upfalienfis. Tom. I. 1773. — II. 1777. —III. 17 Adanfon. Adanfon families des plantes, Tomes II. 8vo. Aldruvandi. Dendrologia. fol. 1671. Allion. Jlirp. ped. Allionii rariorum Pedemontii Ilirpium fpecimen I. 4to. 1755. . Alpin. JEgypt. i. Alpini hiftoria iTgypti na- turalis, pars I. 410. 1735. Alpin. /Egypt. Vejling. Alpini hilloria iEgypti naturalis, pars II. 4to. I735. Amman. Amman! Ilirpium rariorum in imperio Rutheno fponte provenientium icones & defcrip- tiones. 4to. 1739. [In the Ilyle of Gmelin fibir.J Amoen. acad. Amoenitates academicae, feu dif- ^ fertationes variae phyficae, medicae, botanicae. Tomi VII. 1749. — 1769. 8vo. [Academical dif- fertations publilhed under the aufpices of Linnaeus, who either compofed them, or fupplied their au- thors with the necelTary materials, as is the prac- tice in the foreign univerfities.] AJfo. Alfo fynopfis Ilirpium Arragoniae. 4to. .1779* ■Barr. Barrelieri plantae per Galliam Hifpaniam & Italiam obfervatae, iconibus aeneis exprelTae. fol. 1714. Bajl. Balleri opufcula fubfeciva, 4to. Tom. I. 1762. — II. 1765. , Bat fell. BOTANICAL WORKS. Batfch. Elenchus fungomm, 1783. 4to. Battar. Battarrae fungorum agii Ariminenfis hiftoria, 410. 1759.' Belevali opufcules (publiflied by M. Brouffonett, F. R. S. and Academy of Sciences at Paris, and perpetual fecretary to the Roy, Soc. of Agricul- ture of Paris.) 1785. 8vo. 5 plates. Bell on- Bellonii obfervationes in Cluf. exot. Bergen dealoide. Francof. ad Viadr. 1753. 4to. Bcrg-cn flora Francofurtana. 1750. i2mo. Bergii materia medica. 8vo. Bcrkenhout' s clavis anglica linguae botanicae Lin- naei, or botanical lexicon. 1766. i2mo. Outlines of the natural Hiflory of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 2d. 1770. 8vo. Blackji. Blackftone fpecimen botanicum quo plantarum plurium rariorutli Angliae indigenarum loci natales illuftrantur. i2mo. 1746. [Plates 2,] I • Blackji. cat. Blackflone catalogus plantarum circa Harefield. .1737. 8vo. Blackw. Herbarium Blackwellianum emendatum et audum a Trew. Tom. III. fol. 1757. — Tom. IV. 1760. — Tom. V. 1765. — Herbarii Black- welliani au6larium a Ludwig. Tom. VI. 1773.' [The original, of which this is a copy, was the work of Mrs. Elizabeth Blackwell, who executed this very ufeful, and in many refpedls, excellent work, as a means of fupporting her hufband, then confined for debt.] Blairs botanic effays. 8vo. London, 1720. c 4 Boccon « CATALOGUE OF xlii ' Boccon rar. Boccone icones & defcriptioneS Tariomm plantarum Siciliae, Melitae, Galliae, & Italias. 4to. Oxon. 1674^ [Figures chara(5lerif- tic, but fmall, and apparently from' dried fpecimens.] Boehm. Boehmeri, flora Lipfiaeindigena. 1750. 8vO'. Boerk. Boerhaavii index alter plantarum quae in horto academico Lugduno Batavorum aluntur. pars I. [Plates 12.] — II. [Plates 27.] 1720-. 4to. Bolt.' Bolton’s Bikes Britannicae, or biftory of Britifli proper Ferns. 1786. 4to. by James Bol- ton of Halifax. [Neat etchings, coloured, but fame better figured before, and many on a reduced fcale ; a practice reprobated by all good modern botanifts. Plates of Polypodiums and the larger Ferns, fhould be of the larger folio fize.J Bot.'Arr. Withering’s botanical arrangement, ed. I. 2 Vols, 8vo. 1776. Breyn. cent. Breynii exoticarum aliarumqua minus cognitarum plantarum centuria I. 1678. fol. Breynii pr. Breynii prodromus fafciculi rariorum plantarum. II. ordus. i68g. fol. Britijh Herbal 4to. [Figures, fome of the laft' I believe, which have been cut in wood.] Broughton enchiridion botahicum. i2mo. 1782. Bryant. Bryant’s hiflorical account of 2 fpecies of Lycoperdons. 1783. 8vo. Bulliard.. Plantes veneneufes de la France, & Champignons de la France, par M. Bulliard. fol. [Taken off in colours. The Muflirooms pleafing» the rell too' much refembling tapeftry figures.] . Biixb, BOTANICAL WORKS. Buxb. Buxbaumii plantamm minus cognitarum centuria. L — V, 410, 1728. — 1730. Cam. epit. Camerarii de plantis epitome Mat- thioli novis plane & ad vivum expreffis iconibus,. &.C. 1586. 4to. Cam. hort.. Camerarii hortus' medicus Sc philo- fbphiciis. 1588. 4to. [Plates 47.] Catalogus plantarum horti medici^ Oxonienfis. l2mo. 1648. C. B. pin, Cafpari Bauhini pinax theatri bota- nici. 1623. 4to. [A colledlion of the names of all preceding authors.] C. B. pr. Cafpari Bauhini prodromus theatri botanici. 1620. 4to. [Many figures from Qliif. and others. Hall.] C. B. th. Cafpari Bauhini theatri botanici five hiftoria plantarum. Liber. I. 1658. fol. Chabr. Chabraei flirpium fciagraphia Sc icones. 1677. fol. [A republication of the figures of J. B. hijioria with names and a fliort account of the plants.] Chenal. De la Cheiial obfervationes botanico- medicae. 1-776. 410. Cluj. Clufii rariorum plantarum hiftoria. 1601. fol. [An original writer. He continued publilh- ing from 1576, to 1605. He died in 1609, at the age of 84. Figures 1166.] Cluj. exot. Clufii exoticorum. libr. x 1605. fcl. [Figures 237.] Cluf, xlui xllv CATALOGUE OF A Cluf. app. alt. Ad rariorum plantarum hiftorlam Clufii altera appendix [with the formerfigures 19.] Cluf. cur. Clufii curse polleriores. 1611. [with Cluf. exot. Figures. 41.] , Col. ccpkr. Columnse minus cognitarum rario- rumque noflro coelo erientium ftirpium sy^cppacjc- 1616. 4to. [Figures 203.] Col. phytob. Columnae (pvro (iccaavoQ. 1744* 4^°* ‘[The firxl botanical engravings on copper. Fi- gures 39.] Crantz. crucif. Crantz claflis cruciformium emen- data. 1769, . 8vo. Crantz. Crantz ftirpium Auftriacaium partes VI.' 1769. 4to. Crantz. umh. Crantz claflis umbelliferarum emen- data, 1767. 8vo. Curt. cat. Curtis’s catalogue of Britifti medicinal, culinary, and agricultural plants, cultivated in the London Botanic garden, 1783. i2mo. Curt. Curtis’s Flora Londinenfis, or plates and defcfiptions of fuch plants as grow within the en- virons of London. 4 Vols. and 10 No’s, of the 5th Vol. in all 58 No’s. 1776, to 1787. fol. [An admirable work, but the paper on which the plates are taken off fliould be better, and compleat de- fcriptions are fometimes wanting. ] . Curt. obf. Obfervations contained in a Cata- logue of certain plants growing wild, chiefly in the 'environs of Settle, Yorkfliire, obferved by W. Curtis in a b weeks botanical excurfioii from London BOTANICAL WORKS. xlv '^London, made at the requeft of J. C. Lettfom, ■ M. D. F. R. S. &c. in the months of July and Au- guft, 1782, — and publifhed in the FI. Loud. No’s. 45, and 48. Cutl. An account of fome of the vegetable produAions naturally growing in the neighbour- hood of Ipfvvich in New England, botanically arranged, by the Rev. Manaffeh Cutler, fellow of the American Academy and Medical Society, and member of Philof. Society at Philadelphia. In the Memoirs of the Anferican Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. I. from p. 396 to p. 493. Bofton, 1785. 4to. • Bil. elth. Dillenii horti Elthamenfis plantarum rariorum icones & nomina. Lugd. Bat. 1774. fol. [Figures 417, drawn and etched by himfelf. Hall.^ Bill. Dillenii hilloria Mufcorum. 1763. 4to. [Figures of near 600 fpecies drawn and etched by his own hand.] • BicTiJ. Dickfon fafciculus plantarum cryptogami- carum Britannise. 1785. 4to. Bod. Dodonaei ftirpium hilloria pemptades fex Uvelibri xxx. 1616. Fol. [Figures 1330, fome from Cluf. and Lob. — He began publifhing in 1552, and died in 1585.] \ J^Ac725oc/j obfervatlones botanicae. Lipfiae 1784. 4to. Evelyn., fee Hunter. Fabric. xlvi CATALOGUE OF Fabric, helm. Fabricii enumeratio methodica plan- tanim borti medici Helraftadienfis. 1776. lamo. FI. dan. leones plaiitarum fponte nafeentium in regnis Danias ScNorvegiae in ducatibus Slefvici Sc Holfatias, &c. ad illuftrandum opus Florae danicae nomine infenptum. Tom. V. Fafciculi xv. 1766. — 1782. fol. The 3 firft volumes by Oeder, and by far the beft; the 2 laft by Muller. FL lapp. Linnaei flora Lapponica exhibens plan- tas per Lapponiam crefeentes. 1737* 8vo. [Fi- gures charafteriftic.^ FI. Rojj'. Flora Roffica. Petropoli. Folio. Fl.Juec. Linnaei flora Suecica, exhibens planlas per regnlim Sueciae ciefeentes. ed. II. 1755% 8vo. [Plate 1.] . FuchJ. Fuchfii de hifloria ftirpium comentarii, infignes, &c. i54'2. fol. [Outlines well done for the age.] Garid.' Hiftoire des plantes qui naiffent aux en- virons d’ Aix, Sc dans plufieurs autres endroits de la Provence ; par M. Garidel. 1715. fol. [Fig. loi.] Gars. Les figures des plantes Sc des animauxd* ufage en medicine, decrits dans la matiere medical de M. Geoffroy, deflincs d' apres nature par M. deGarfault. Tomes V. (1764.) 8vo. [Figures 643, from nature. Hall.] Gen.pl. Linnaei genera plantarum, edente Rei- chard, Francof. 1778. 8 vo. Ger, ■BOTANICAL WORKS. xlvii Ger. Gerard’s hiftorie of plants. 1597. fnl- [Johnfon the editor of the cd. edition informs us, that the ground- work of this work was a M.S. tranf- lation of Dodonaeus by Dr. Prieft, but to give it ^ the air of an original, difpofed in the method of Lobel, then refident in England, and botanift to the King, and iMuftrated by figures taken from the blocks of Tabernsemontanus procured from Frankfort, by Mr. Norton, who was the common patron of Prieft and Gerard. This will explain why I fometimes fay of a fig. reprinted in Ger- em. & cop. in Park k Ger. (ed. I.) Notwithftanding this, Gerard had the hardinefs to fpsak of Prieft and himfelf, in the following terms, ‘‘ Andfince “ that Dr, Prieft one of our London College “ hath (as I heard) tranflated the laft edition of i Dodonaeus, and meant to publifli the fame, but» ^ ' “ being prevented by death, his tranflation like- wife periflied. Laftly myfelf have prefumed to “ fet fortji unto the view of the world the firff fruits of thefe myne own labours." Haller fays there are about i6 original figures.] Ger. em. Gerard’s herball, or generall hiftorie of plantes, very much enlarged and amended, by Thomas Johnfon. 1656. fol. [Figures 2821 from the blocks of Dodonaeus, Lobel, and Ciufius, with fome original ones. Hall.] Ger. prov. Gerardi (Ludovici) flora, Gallo Provincialis. 1761. 8vo. [Engravings too deli- cately neat.] ■ ' , Germ. CATALOGUE OF xlvlii Germ. Syn. Vollftandiges fyftematifches vcr- zeichnifz aller gewachfe Teutfchlandes, &c. Erfter Baud. Leipzig 8vo. 1782. [Aninduftrious collation of the fynonyms of the plants of Germany. It has merit in the novelty of ‘the arrangement, and has .proved peculiarly ufeful to me in affording as far as the middle of the clafs Pentandria, a reference to the pages of the works of the older botanifls, their names only being given in the Pinax of C. Bauhine. I am forry however, it is not in my power to praife the author for the detedlion of old errors, or the difcovery of many new fads.] Gijeli. — or Gks. Gifeke & Schulze icones plan- tarum. 1777- [They are rather edypa, or ' impreffions taken from living plants, coloured, but ill done.] f Gifeke. Index .Linn^anus in Plukenetii opera, & Dillenii hiftoriam mufcorum. 1779. 4to. Gled. Gleditfchii methodus fungorum. i 753.8voi Gledifchii fyjiema plantarumBerolihi. 1764. 8vo. Confideratio Ekierifeos Siegefboc- kianse. Berol. 12 mo. 1745. ' Gmcl. Gmelin flora fibirica, five hiftoria planta- • rum Sibiriae. Tomi IV. — 1747. — 1749. — 1768. 1769. — 4to. [Figures hard and unexpreflTive, ap- parently from dried fpecimens.] Gmel. flic. Gmelin (Samuel Gottlieb) hiftoria fucorum. 1768. 4to. Gmel. tub. Gmelin (J. Fred.) enumeratio ftir- pium agro Tubingenfi indigenarum. 1776. i2mo. Garter. BOTANICAL WORKS. Ixix Gorier, ingr. Flora Ingrica ex fchedulis Ste- phan! Krafcheninnikow confedla fepropriis obferva- tionibus au<5la a Dav. de Goiter. 1761. 8vo. Gouan.ji. Gouani flora Monfpeliaca, 1765. 8vo. Gouan. hort> Gouani liortus regius Monfpeli- enfis. 1762. 8r'o. Gouan. ill. Gouani illuftrationes & obfervationes botanicae. 1773* Gunn. Gunner! flora Norvegica. Pars I. Sell. ^ 1766. 1772. fol. [Figures good.] ^ \ Hagen tentamen hiftoriae Lichenum. >1782. 8vo. . Hall, biblio. Halleri bibliotheca botanica. • • Tomi II. 1771, I772. 4to. [The index ftiamefully incoiTeifl.] Hall. gott. Halleri enumeratio plantarum horti •* regii Sc agri Gottingenfis. 1753* i2mo. Hall, opuje. Halleri opufcula botanica. i749- i2mo. ’ » Hall. — or Hall. hift. Halleri hifloriaftirpiumin- digenarum Helvetiae. Tomi III. 1768. fol. [The plates re-imprelfions, of thofe of the Jiirpium. A great man but I am afraid too jealous of the fame of his co-temporary Linnaeus, to adopt his improvements in the language of botany, and in the difeovery of trivial names. An accurate and careful obferver, his knowledge of fpecies very extenfive, and ideas of genera formed on a cautious and exadt comparifon of the ftrudlure of parts.] Hall. CATALOGUE OF Hall, fiirp. Halleri enumeratio methodka ftir- pium Helvetiae indigenamm. Tomi 11. 1742. fol. (Figures 77.) Happ. HapptJ ictones plantatum cryptogamiae. Decuria I. II. III. fol. 1782. • Hartmann primae lineae inftitutionum botanka- rum. 1766. 8 VO. Hedw. hifi. Hedwigii fundamentum hiftoriae mtifcorum frondoforum. Pars I. &; IL 4to. Lipfise. 1782. Hedw. Jiirp. Cr.yptogamicae Fafc. I. II. Lipfiae, 1785, 1786. Hedw. theoria. Generationis Sc ffutftificationis plantarura cryptogamicamm. 410. Petropoli. 1784/ Hcrm. hort. Hermanni horti academici Lugduno- Bata'vi catalogus, 1687. 8vo. (Figures 107.) Herm.- par. .Hermanni paradifus Batavus. 1698. 4to. Hijl. de I' Academ. Hilloire de 1’ Academic Royal des Sciences. Paris. H. ox. Morifoni plantarum hiftoriae univerfalis Ojconienfis pars II. 1680. fol. — pars III. quam explevit Sc abfolvit Jacobus Bobartius. 1699. fol. — (Figures 3586. The ifl part intended to com- prehend trees and flirubs, v^as never publifhed. The references are made to fedlions, plates, and fi- gures. The original figures chiefly by Bobart, and good.) Hoffm. Hoffmanni enumeratio Lichenum, Fafc. I. II. III. 1784, 1785, 178b. 4to. Hort. BOTANICAL WORKS. Hort. upf. Linnaei hortus Upfalienfis ; exliibens plantas exoticas horto Upfalienfis academicae a fefe illatas. 1748. 8 VO. (Plates 3.) Hudf. Hudfoni flora Anglica. ed. II. Tomi II. 1778. 8vo. — ed. 1. 1762. Hunt. evel. Sylva, or a difcourfe on Foreft Trees, by J. Evelyn, with notes by A. Hunter, M. D. 1776. 4to. ed. I. — 1 786. 4to. 2 vols. ed. II. [Figures by J. Miller, withthe parts of fru i2mo. Muntingius de vera herba Britannica. 1681. qto. Munt. ' Muntingii phytographia curiofa edente Kiggelaer. Pars I. II. 1702. fol. [Figures 264.] Nat. delin. Nature delineated. (A tranflation of Spedlacle de la Nature.) 4 vbls. 1740. i2mo. Nech. Neckermethodusmufcorum. 1771. 8vo. Neck, gallo-belg. Necker. deliciae Gallo-Belgicas fylveflres. 1768. i2mo. Neck. phyf. Necker phyfiologia 'mufcorum. 1774 8vo. ■' • i - . Oeder. Author of the firfl 3 vok. of the FI. dan. to plate 540. Park. BOTANICAL WORKS. Park. par. Parkinfon’s Paradifus terreftris, or ■ a garden of all forts of pleafant flowers, &c. with a kitchen garden, and an orchard of all forte of fruit- bearing trees. 1629. fol. [Figures 832, rude, abridged, but frequently expreffive, many on the fame block.] Park. Parkinfon’s theatmm botanicum ; the theater of plants, or an herball of large extent, Stc. with the chiefe notes of Dr. Lobel, Dr. Bonham, and others inferted therein, &c, by John Parkinfon, King’s Herbarift. 1640. fol. [Fig. 2716.] [Many figures intended by Lobel for a general herbal fell into.Parkihfon’s hands, and are faid to be inferted in this work. The greater part of his figures are copies of Ger. em. but there are many new ones.^] Pena. See Lobel, complete herbal. i2mo. Penn.fcotl. — hebr.- — wales. Pennant’s tours in Scotland and Wales, and voyage to the Hebrides. . Pet. Ray’s Englifh herbal illuftrated by figures, by James Petiver, (compofing the former half of the 2d vol. of his Opera in fol.) Pet. concord. Graminum, mufcorum,- .fun go- rum, fubmarinorum, Sec. Britannicoruiii coheordia; a methodical concordance of Britifh Grafles, &cc, [The lail article but one in the 2d vol. of hig works. Here may be feen the fiHl beginnings of an Englifh botanical nomenclature revived by Stil- lingfleet, and extended to the whole of the Britifh Flora, in the ifl edition of the Bbt. Arrang. and d 4 partially • Ivii CATALOGUE OF partially adopted in the laft edit, of the FI. Ang. — Here alfo is found the modes of reference adopt- ed by Mr. Lightfoot in the FI. Scot, and which has been purfued, I flatter myfelf, with fome improve- ments in this edition of the Bot. Arrang.] Pet. gaz. Petiver gazophylacium naturae &; artis. (The plates in fol. compofing the former part of the ill vol. of his works, the deferiptions, the latter part of the 3d vol. in 8vo.) Pet. muf. Mufeum Petiverianum 1695. (form- ing with the deferiptive part of the Gazophyla- cium, 1702, the 3d vol. of his works.) 8vo. Phil. bot. Linnaeiphilofophiabotanica. 1751. 8vo. PhiloJ'. 'Tranf. Philofophical Tranfadlions. London. Pluk. Plukenetiiphytographia, 1691. [Forming Tom. I. of his works in Tomi IV. 1769, 410 ;—-^ and the latter ends of Tom. III. and IV. One of the greateft colledlions of fpecies. Figures 2715.] Pluk. aim. Plukenetii almageftum botanicum, 1696. (Forming Tom. II. of his works.) Pluk. amalth. Plukenetii amaltheum botanicum, 1705. (Compofing the former part of Tom. IV. of his works.) Pluk. mant. Plukenetii almagefli botanici man- tiffa. 1700. (Compofing the former part of Tom. III. of his works.) Pollich hifloria plantarum in palatinatu elecflorali fponte crefeentium Tomi III. 1777. 8vo. [The largeft colle6lion of complete original deferiptions. The BOTANICAL WORKS. lix The parts of the defcription are not placed in any fixed order.] Ray. or R.fyn. Raii fynopfis methodica flir- pium Britannicarum editio 3tia. 1724, 8vo. [Fi- gures 67, which with numerous additions by the editor Dillenius. — ed. 1. 1 690.' fmall 8vo.] R. cat. Raii catalogus plantarum Angliae & in- fularum adjacentium. ed. I. 1670 ; — ed. II. 1677, i2mo. R. hiji. Raii hiftoria Tomi III. 1686 and 1704. fol. [A colledlion of the befl defcriptions of all the then known plants, with new ones, arranged in a fyftem of his own.] Reich. Reichard in his edition of Linn. fp. plant, intitled fyftema plantarum. A mere compiler. Reich, ji. Reichard flora moeno-fradlofurtana enumerans ftirpes circa Francofurtum ad moenum crefcentes. Pars I. 177Q; pars II. 1778. Reich, horf. Reichard enumeratio flirpium horti botanic! Senkenbergiani quiFrancofurti adMoenum eft. 1782. i2mo. Reich, fyl. Reichard fylloge opufculorum bota- : nicorum. 1782. 8vo. Relh. Relhan florae cantabriglenfis exhibens plan- Itas agro cantabrigienfi indigenas. 1785. 8vo. Relh. fuppl. Relhan florae cantabrigienfi fupple- ^mentum. 1786. 8vo. Renialmi fpecimen hiftoriae plantarum. 1 6 1 1 , .qto. [Figures among fome of the firft on copper, and i lx C A T A L O G U E O F and fcareiyfince excelled. Moft of his genera andfi- gures are dillinguifhed by fingle Greek names, after , the example of the aftrological botaniftThurnieffer , ] : Retz. Ji. Retzi florae fcandinaviae prodfomus. : 1779.- 8 VO. Retz. bi- Retz ohj. Retail obfervationes botanicse fafcicalus I, 1779; H, 1781 ; III, 1783, foL- ■ [confining of original obfervatioiis illuftrated with a fewfigures.] Reyg. Reygertentamen florae gedanenfis.Dantifci ; 1 764. i2mo. ■ ■ Riv. Rivini ordines plantarumflore nlonopetalo, | & tetrapetalo. Lipfiae^ 1690 and 1691. fol. [Fi- i gures 379, the moft excellent which had then . • appeared, j . ‘Roi. Du Roi diflertatid inauguralis obfervationes botahicas fiftens. 1771.' 4to. [His fpecific cha- radlefs unnecefiarily long and diffufe.] ^ RoJ£s elements of botany. 1775* ‘Svo. Rdth beytr. ' Roth beytrage zur botanick, (in Gbtmati with Latin defctiptiohs) Brenien 1782. \ i2mo. Roth. verz. Roth verzeichnifs derjeriigen pflan- ' zen, (in German.with Latin defcriptions.) Alten- burg, r78i. l2rtio. ■ , Roujfeau’s letters ofi botany tranflated, with ad- 'ditional letters by T. Martyn, B. D. 1785. 8vo. Rottb. Rottbbll defcriptiorium &, iconumrariores '&c pro maxime parte* novas 'plantas ill uftrantium. ' 1 773. f6l.[NumerCnisfigurfesofforei^Grafres, &c.] Ruling BOTANICAL WO'RKS. Ruling ordines naturales plantarurii. Goetting. 1774. 8vo. Ruppii flora jenenfis five eniimeratio plaiitarum tamfponte circa Jeiaamet ill locis vicinisrtafcentium, quam in hortis obviarum. 1726. i2mo. [Plates g.] . Rupp, ab Hall.. Ruppii flora jenenfis edente Hallero. 1745- i2mo. [Plates- 10, 4 of the old ones and 6 new ones.] . ■ Rutty's eflay towards a natural hillory of the county of Dublin. 2 vols. 1772. 8vo. - I Sabbat. .Sabbatl hortus romanus fecundum fyf- tema Tournefortii. Tom. IV. 1772. — 1777- Schaeff. Schaeffer fungorurn qui in Bavaria 8c Palatinatii circa Ratifbonam nafcuntur icones. Tomi IV. 1762 to 1774. 4to. Schaeffer botanica expeditior. 8vo. [A labori- ous but trifling and ufelefs Work, confifling of bota- nical tables on copper-plates.] Ratifbonae, 1762. Sckeuch. Scheuchzeri agroflographia, five gra- minurn, j uncorum, cyperorumi cyperoidum iifque affinium hifloria, edente Hallero. (With an ap- pendix by the editor, and a re-impteffion of the plates of Scheuchzer’s prodfomus.) 17751 4^0- [The figures igg, thofeof the Agroflographia bear- ing no fort of comparifon with the accuracy of the jdeferiptions.] Sckeuch. it. J. Jacobi Scheudhzeri itinera per Helvetian alpinas regiortes. 1723. 4to- Schmid. Schmidel icones plantarum & analyfes partium, curante &c edente Keller pidore norim- bergenfi. • - Ixi Ixii CATALOGUE OF bergenfi- 1762. fol. — Manipulus II. curante &c edente Bifchoff chalcographo norimbergenfi, 1776. fol. [p. 95 to 138, tab. 26 to 50, no defcriptions of tab. 36 to 50. — This work does great honour to the author and to the artifls of Nuremberg.] Schmid, blaj. Schmidel de Blafia, 1759, 4to. Schmid, buxb. Schmidel de Buxbaumia, 1758, 4to. Schmid, jungerm. Schmidel de Jungermannia, 1760. 4to. Schollei' flora barbienfis. Lipf. 1775* 8vo. Schreb. Schreber Befchreibung der Grafer. Plates 1 to 40. — (in German) Leipf. 1774. fol. [Did this ingenious botanift mean to compel other nations to learn German, or to confine his commu- nications to his fellow citizens ?] Schreb. ic. Schreber icones & defcriptiones plan- tarum minus cognitarum. Decas I. 1766. fol. Schreb. mant. Schreber mantiffa edition! quartae Linnaei materiae medicae. 1782. 8vo. Schreb. phafc. Schreber de phafco. 1770. 410. Schreb. fpic. Schreberi fpicilegium flora Lipficae. 1771. 8vo. Schreb. vert. Schreberi plantarum verticillatarum unilabiatarum genera & fpecies. 1774. 4to. Scop. Scopoli flora carniolica exhibens plantas Carnioliae indigenas. Tomi 11. 1772, 8.vo. Scop. ann. Scopoli annus I, II, & III. hiftorico- naturalis. 1769; IV, 1770; V, 1772, fmall 8vo. Scop.J'ubt. Scopoli plantae fubterraneae. i2mo. Scopoli BOTANICAL WORKS. Ixiii Scopoli Introdu6lio ad Hift. naturalem. Svo. ' Pragae. 1777. Seguieri plantae veronenfis, feu ftirpium quae in agro Veronenfi reperiuntur methodica fynopfis. Tomus I. 1745. 8 VO. Spalowjky differtatio inauguralis de Cicuta, Flam- i:mula Jovis, Aconito. Pulfatilla, Gratiola, Didamno, ‘Stramonio, Hyofcyamo, & Colchico, 1777* 8vo. j[Charaderiftic figures. Quoted under the title •of Stoerck. ] Sp. pi. Linnaei fpecies plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas. Editio 2da. 'Tom. I. 1762; II, 1763. 8vo. [The founda- ition ofall true botanic knowledge refpeding fpecies. ] Stilling. Stillingfleet’s mifcellaneous tradls. 1762, 8 VO. [Several of the drawings by Mr. Price, a icountry gentleman of Herefordfhire.] Stoerck. [See Spalowfky.] St.' Jonathan Stokes, M. D. ’ •SfecAmaniz de Artemifiis, 1775* 4to. Swert. Swertii florilegium. Tomi II. fol. Frank. 1612. [Figures 560, on copper, but coarfe.] Syji. nat. Linnaei fyftema naturae, ed. XII. Tomi III. 1766, and 1767, 8vo. Syjl. pi. Linnaei fyftema plantarum curante iReichard. Tomi IV. 1779, k 1780. 8vo. ' • SyJi. veg. Linnaei fyftema vegetabilium, editio *XIV. (meaning the 14th republication of the vege- Itable part of the fyftema naturae) curante Murray. 1784. [Containing new fpecies added by Jacquin Murray] — ed. XIII. 8vo. T^hal. Ixiv CATALOGUE OF 7haL Thalii fylva Hercynia five c’atalogus plantarum fponte nafcentiiim in montibus et lacis vicinis Hercyniae quae refpicit Saxoniam. 1588. fmall 4to. (publiflied with Camerarii hort.) [Figures 14.] ‘Thurneijfeiri or T^urniejfen hifioria five defcrip- tionum plantarum omnium liber I. 157S. fol. (Treating of umbilliferous .plants in ovals about 3 inches long, with coloured ornamented borders, ^ and each plant dillinguifhed moftly by one, but fometimes two Greek words, p. p. 156.) An af- trological botanift. Tilli catalogus plantarum horti Pifani. 1723. fol. [Figures 83.] ' • . ‘jTourn. Tournefort inftitutiones rel herbaria?. Tom. III. 1700. 4to. [The foundation of tlie true knowledge of genera. Plates 489.] T^rag. Tragi de ftirpium maxime vero earum quae in Germania nafcuntur commentarii, interprete Kybero. 1552. fmall qto. [Chiefly imitations of Fuchfius.] Tretv plantae rariores edente Keller. 1763. fol. Vaill. Vaillant botanicon parifienfe bu denom- brement par ordre alphabetique des plantes qui fe trouvent aux environs de Paris. 1 7 2 7 . fol. [Fig. 840. ] Fafciculus plantarum. 4to. 1771- Volck. Volckameri flora Noribergenfis, five ca- talogus plantarum in agro Noribergenfi tam fponte nafcen- BOTANICAL WORKS. Ixv nafcentium, quam exoticarum in viridariis ac me- idico horto enutritarum. 1700. 4to. Wale. Walcott flora Britqnnica indigena. No. 3. to XIV. — [I wifli this ingenious gentleman would :refume his work, becoming as curious as Mr. Cur- rtis in the feledion of charaderiftic fpecimens, and be-, ginning the proppfed continuation with fuch plants as are net included vyithin the limits of the Flora ! Londinenfis. The parts of frudification might be added, and perhaps it would he well to.co.lour fome jcopies in the manner of the works of Jacquin.] Walther Defignatio plantarum quas hortus Wal- theri pathologise profefforis LipfienCs compleditur. .1735. 8vo. . Warner plantae Woodfordienfes ^ a catalogue of the more perfed plants growing fporitaneoufly about Woodford in . Effex, 1771. i2rno. Weber • Weberi fpicilegium florae goetingenfis plantas imprimis crytogamicas Hercyniae illuftrans. n778. 8vo. ' ' * Weig. fi. Weigel flora pomerano-rugica exhi- oens plantas per Pomeraniam anteriorem fuecicam •k, Rugiam fponte nafeentes. i769' i2mo. Weig. Aor^. Weigel hortus Gryphicus. i782.4to. Weis., Plantae Cryptogamicae Florae Gottingenfis. Bvo. 1770. Wieg. Wiegel obfervationes botanicae. 1772. 4to. [Rather too fond of change.] Wiggers Wiggers primitiae floras Holfaticae. lyflo.Svo. [His novelties will generally bear examination.] ^ Wilcke flora Gryphica exhibens plantas intra nii- j bare fponte nafcentes. 1765. i2mo. 'j Willich ohj. Willich obfervationes botanicae | (publifhed in an inaugural diflertation 1747, and ! republilhed in Reichard fylloge, p. 82 to 94) — de ] plantis quibufdam obfervationes, Getting. 1762. ] [republifhed in Reich, fylloge, p. 94 to 142. — A ! very ingenious obferver. j | Willich ill. Willich illuftrationes quaedam bota- nicae. Getting. 1766. (republifhed in Reich, fyl- | loge, p. 142 to the end. In the firfl 5 leaves, of | flieet K, the pages are repeated.) With. William Withering. M. D. flora boruffica. 1765. 8vo. [Wulff] genera plantarumvocabulis charadlerif- ticis definita. [Daiitifci] 1776. [I once formed a botanical language on a plan fomewhat fimilar, but I foon difcovered that in proportion as plants refem- bled each other, the difficulty of diflinguifliing the founds or combinations of letters expreffive of them, muft proportionably increafe. Languages formed on plans of this kind, muft be full of fuch ambi- guous names as Clutia, and Clufia.J % Zanon. Zanoniii-ariorum ftirpiumhiftoria, edente Montio. Bonon. 1742. [Figures rude, but we muft recoiled that they were firft publiflied in 1675.] Zinn catalogus plantarum horti academic! Sc agri Gottingenfis. 1757. 8vo. Clafs. , Clafs I, \ t M O N A N D R I A. Ii CHIVE. A Order L /. P 0 I K r A L. *1. Hippu'ris. - - Empalcment o. Blofom o, lo. b.^LicoR'NiA. - Empal. I leaf. BloJ. o. f Aphancs. Order II. D I G r K, I A. 11. POIKTALS. 13. Call.t'riche. - Lmfd.o. 2 Petals, Caf fule 2 Cells. I. 6 XI. HIP- ccmmon MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 11. H I P P U'R I S. Mare’s-tail. Empalement, o. BL9SSOM, o. Chive, T/irfflf/ fingle, growing upon the receptacle of the 'flower. ‘Tip flightly cloven. PoiNTAi,, Seed-bud oblong, fuperior. Shaft Angle ; awl- fliaped, upright, longer than the chive; fituated betwixt the chive and the flem. Summit fharp. Seed-vessel, o. Seed, Angle, roundiflr, naked. Essential Character. Cup o. Petals o. Summit un- divided. Seed I . H I PP U' R 1 S vulga'ris. Leaves in eights, awl-flraped. Linn, fuppl. 81. Gifeke. 32. FI. dan. 87. J. B. iii. 732. Jig. on the left hand the bejl. Ger. 953. C. B. th. 243. 4. Park. 1200. 4. Segider i. 2? notin fower. ( Dod. 1 13. 2. reprinted by Ger. em. 1114. 6. is an Equifetum, as is evidenifrcm the fpike which terminates the left hand JlemJ. Parts of FraPlifcadon. Vaill. Mem. de Paris. 1719. i. 3. Leaves narrow ; growing in whorls round the joints, 12 or more at each joint. Flowers equal in number to the leaves. Stem ftraight, jointed. The flower of this plant is found at the bafe of each leaf, and is as Ample as can be conceived, there being neither empalement nor bloflbm ; and only i chive, i pointal, and i feed. Linn. Leaves to 13 in each whorl. Flowers with onlyPointals fometimes intermixed in the fame whorl. Tip when young, truly Atting ; its cells of a dark red. Scop. Mare's-tail. Paddowpipe. Muddy ponds and ditches, not common. [About a mile from Stafford, on the foot-road to AAon. \V.] P. May. It is a very weak aflringent. Goats Will eat it, but Cows, Sheep, Horfes and Swine refufe it. 10. SALI« I. C H I V E, I. P O I N T A L. a lo. SALICOR'NIA. Glafs-woit. Empal. 4 edged, lopped, diftended, permanent. Bloss. o. . Chive. Thread flngle, undivided, longer than the cup. Tip double ; oblong; upright. Point. oblong egg-fliaped. fimple, Band- ing under the chive. Summit cloven. S. Vess. o. The cup diftended and blown up includes the feed. Seed (ingle. ESs. Ch. Cup bellying', entire. Petals o. Seed i, Obs . The number of chives not very certain ; fometimes there are 2 in each flower. See Philof. Tranf. vol. 57. pi. 312. SALICOR'NIA herba'cea. Herbaceous, fpreading. jointed Joints flatten’d and between nick’d and cloven, at the end. FI. dan.^o^ . cop. in Blackzii.au^. sg8. Math. 465. Dod. 82.1. reprint. byLob.adv. 170. 2. and Ger. 535. i. Pet. g. 3. H. ox. v. 33. 8. J. B. iii. 705. 2.n. 1. 1.1. iii. Park. 280. 4. Bair. 192*. jointed. /ZoK'm near together at each joint. Baster. Flowers 3 together on each fide the ftem, in the clefts of the joints. Jbhjij thicker at the end, and blunt. Sfm wide-fpreading. Glajs-wort. Salt-wort. Sea-grafs. Marjli Samphire. Sea-fhore, common. A." Aug. Sept. From the afhes of this plant, a foffil alkaly is obtained, which , is in great requeft for making foap and glafs. It is chiefly made on the coafl; of the Mediterranean, and is called Soda. The green plant fteeped in faked vinegar makes a pickle very little inferior to Samphire. The whole plant has a faltilh take, and is greedily devoured by cattle. Salicarma europcea herbacea. Hubs. SALICOR'NIA frutico'fa . Stem upright, fhrubby . xeioody Pet. 9. 4. Evergreen ; much larger than the S. heriaced. Spikes different, never feen in Sweden, though the herbacea very common ; the difference however very little if any. Linn. Jdnts nearly of an equal thicknefs ; blunt ; near together. Stem more branched than the herbacea. Ger. prov. gafl. Lightfoot and Hudson regard it onl^ as a variety of the for- mer fpecles. Salicomia europcea fruticof a. Huds. y. S', ti, B 2 Near 4 vernal M O N A N D R I A D I G Y N I A. Near the ifle of Sheepy, and in the ifle of Grain in the Thames. P- Aug. Sept. Order II. DIGYMIA. II. P 0 IJVTA L S. 15. GALLlT'RiCHE. Star-grafs. flWPAL. O. Bloss. Petals 2, bowed inwards, channelled; tapering to a point, Handing oppofite to each other. Chive. ‘Thread Hngle, long, crooked. Tip fimple. Poi.MT. Seed-bild, nearly round. Shafts 2, hair-like, crooked. Sumtnds (harp. S. Vess. Capfule roundilh, a little comprelTcd; with 4 angles, and 2 cells. Seeds. Solitary, oblong. Ess. Ch. Cupo. Petals 2. Caps. 2 Cells. 4 Seeds. Obs. Tn the firft fpedes the chive and pointals are in feparate flov/ers. > HUDSON’S GENERIC DESCRIPTION. B . Flowers zvkh only Cl'uvcs. Empal. o. . Bloss. Petals 2, oppofite, oblong, concave, approaching. Chive. Thread i, very long, Jtraigld. Tip roundijh, undivided. Point. S. Vess. Seeds. 0. F. Flcrcrrs with Pointals on the fame Plant. Empal. Bloss. as in B. Point, Seed-bud /iipen’or; fattened. Shafts 2, thread-jhaped, very long. S. Vess. Caps, inverfely heart-Jhaped, fattened; of 2 cells, 4 valves-. Seed. Single, oblong'. H. Flowers with Chives and Pointals on the fame Plant. Empal. Bloss. Chive, asinB. Point. S. Vess. Seeds, asinF. (St.), CALLTT'RICHE iter'na . Upper leaves oval . Chive and pointals in leparate flowers. — Stems feeble, numerous. Blofs. fmall, white. Upper leaves growing near together in form of a flar,- lower ones in pairs. It flowers in the Spring. Hater Stariccrt. Plater Fennel. Star-headed Water Chicl-weed. V.^R. . 5 I. C H I V E, II. P O I N T A L S. VAR. I. Lower leaves Rrap-fhaped, blunt, as if lopped; a line in breadth. Hall. — Leaves oblong. Chives and pointals in dijferent plants. Fruit nicked at the end Scop. (.St.) Grr. 830. 3. Pari. 1258. 10. ft/. 6. 3. Barren and the fertile flowers frequently oppofite to each other, on different fldes of the ftem. In thebpfom of the correfponding leaves. Mr. Wood. All the leaves fitting. Lower /eaucifpear-fhaped, oppofite, diftant. Upper leaves flightly notched at the end. Fertile fewer s in the bo- fom of the lower leaves ; barren ones amongfl; the upper leaves, which are crouded together. Petals thick, flat, bowed inwards at the edge like a. crefeent. When magnified they appear to be a colledlion of air veflels, and are undoubtedly intended to float the flower. With. PI. 13. f. i. In ditches and ftill waters, frequent. A. Apr. Aug. A Horfe refiifed it. St. VAR. 2. All the leaves; roundifh, on leaf-ftalks, very entire; in pairs, cjfcept the lower ones. Roots from the infertions of the leaves. Hall. 553. (St.) FI. dan. 129. J. B. iii, 786. 2, Pari. 126^. — Parts 0^ jrudification. Vaill. 32. 10, Chives 2. Vaill. VAR. 3. Leaves egg-fhaped, Chives and pointals in various difpofitions. Scop. Creepiiig, ftriking roots into the earth.— n Di LL. in R. Syn. 289. (St.) In places, where water, that has flood during the winter, hag^ been dried up. CALLIT'RICHE autumna'Us. All the Reaves, ftrap- fhaped, cloveu at the end. Chive and pointals in the fame flower. — Pet. 6. 4. Gmel. iii. i. 2. bad. Leaves oblong. Chives and pointals in different plants. Scop. yellovvifh white. With. Ditches and ftill waters, frequent. A. Sept. It fometimes grows fo thickly, malted together as to allow one to walk upon it without finking. Obs. ScopoLi regards the C. vema (i.) and the C. autum- nahs, as the fame fpecies, combining them together under the name of C.fmtana; making the C. verna (3.) a diflintfl fpe- cies, by the title of C.jlagnalis. Mr. Hudson confiders them all as one fpecies, which he calls C. aquatka; giving as a fpecific charadler — “ Leaves notched at the end.” (St.) B 3 ) autumnal Clafs 6 Clafs II. D I A N D R I A; II. CHIVES. Order I. MOMOGYMIA-, 1. POIXtAL. •|- Lepidium ruderale.^Salix hermaphroditica. Fraxinus excelfior. * Blajs I regular petal; beneath. i8. Ligus'trum. - Blofs. with 4 clefts. with 4 feeds. Blofs. I irregular petfll ,• beneath. in a capfule. 26. Veroni'ca. - fi/o/jr. with 4 divifions in the bor- der, the loiver fegmentmriowefi. 33. PiNGUic'uLA. - Blofs. gaping, ending in a fpur. Empal. cloven into 5 parts. 34. Utricula'ria. - Blofs. gaping, ending in a fpur. Empal. 2 leaves. Blofs. I irregular ppto/ ,• beneath. Seeds my.ed. 36. Ly'copus. - - Blofs. nearly equal. Chives dif- tant from each other. - - Blo]s. gaping. Threads very fiiort, each fupporting a crofs thread. •)• Salicornia herbacea. * Blofs. fuperior. Cup 2 leaves. Blofs. 2 petals, in- verfely heart-fliaped. 42. Salvia. 25. CiRC/r'A. Order II. DIG YXIA ; 11. P 0 IXTA L S. 46. Anthoxan'thum. Empal. Hulk oblong, containing I dower. Blofs. 2 hulks, fur- nithed with awns. ■f* Bufonla. 18. LI- II. C H I V E S, I. P O I N T A L. 7 i8. LIGUS'TRUM. Privet. Empal. Clip I leaf; tubular ; very fmall ; with 4 up- right blunt teeth in itsjim. Bloss. I petal ; funnel-fhaped. Tube, cylindrical, longer than the cup. Border expanded. ; divided into 4 egg-fliaped fegments. Chives. Threads 2 ; fimple, oppofite. Tips upright, nearly as long as the blolfom. Point. nearly round. Shaft very (hovt. Sum- mit thick, blunt, cloven. S. Vess. Pei'iy globular ; finooth; of i cell. Seeds. 4, convex on one fide ; angular on the other. Essent. Charact. Blofs. 4 clefts. Berry ^ feeds. LIGUS'TRUM va/g-aVe. Mill. 162. 2. Math. ijo. Blackw. aii6f.i/p. Ger. 1208. J. B. i. 528. 2. copied by JohnJl. 73. 9. Fuchs. 480, copied by Tra- gus, 1005. Ger. em. 1394. Swert. ii. 38. 4. (Fork. 1446, is thefgure of a Euphorbia.) Blofs. white, in bunches, terminating. Berries black. — Leaves fometimes growing by threes, and fometimes enlarged at the bafe. Berries egg-fhaped, continuing through the winter. Scop, frail fometimes white, and iierry fometimes with 2 cells. DuRoi. as long as the chives. Mr. Hollefear. Segments of the Blojs. thick and flefhy. Chive's generally 2, fome- times 3 or 4, in each flower. Threads, Tips, Pointal, white. Lrat/w betwixt egg and fpear-fhaped, very entire ; growing in op- poflte pairs. Fruit-Jlalks a little woolly when magnified ; every other part of the plant perfedlly fmooth. Leaves fometimes variegated with white. With. Privet. Prim. Print. ^ Hedges in gravelly foils. S. June. July, llie berries are filled with a dry, fpongy, violet pulp, from which a rofe-coloured pigment may be- prepared. Scop, It Is planted to make hedges ; — it grotys faft, and may be railed from cuttings. Mr. Southall. With the addition of allum, the berries dye wool and filk of a good and durable green ; for this purpofe they muft be gathered as foon as they are ripe— the leaves are bitter, and flightly aflringent. — Oxen, Goats, and Sheep eat it, Horfes refufe it. The Infedls obferved to feed upon this plant are the Sphinx Li- guflri and Phalxna Syringarla. B 4 common 26- VERO- 8 DIANDRIA MONQGYNIA. 26. VERQNI'CA. Speedwell. Empal. Cup with 4 divifions ; permanent. Segments fpear-fhaped, flaarp, . Bloss. Wheel-fhaped ; of i petal, ‘tube nearly as long as the cup. Border flat, divided into 4 egg- fhaped fegments. Louver Jegment narrowefl ; that oppofite to it the broadeft. Chives, threads 2 ; thinneft at the bottom ; afeend- iqg. ‘lips oblong. Point. Seed-bud compreflfed. Shaft thread-fhaped, de- , cliniqg ; as long as the chives. Summit iimple . S. Vess. Capf ule mvevHely heart-fhaped, compreflTed at the point ; with 2 cells and 4 valves. V Seeds. Several ; roundifh. Ess. Char. Border of the blofs. with 4 divifions ; the Icrwcr fegment the narroxeiejL Caps. 2 cells. Ods. The tube of thi? blofs. is different in different fpecies ; in niofl very fhort, but in the 3 firfl: longer, * Flcxners in files. fpiked VEROf^l'CA fpica'ta. Spike terminating. Leaver oppofite, blunt, fcolloped. Steinal'cending ; undivided.- bVilh a finale fpike. — FI. dan. 52. Clus. i. 347. 3. reprinted by , Lob. obs. 250. 3, andCer. em. 627. 4. Vaiil. 33. 4. J. H. iii. 282. 3 aiid 4. oi'lginaL H. ox. iii. 22. 4. (lark. 550 is the V. fpuria.) With 2 or more [pikes— (Specimen, with 3 Jpikes given me by the fon of Prof. Jacqidv, but by no means the plant, fgured by Clus. i. 346. 2, reprinted by Ger. em. C28. 6. and j. J>. iii. 284. I. to which Scopoli afid Rcichard rcfir as a var. of this fpecies; orj. B. iii. 282. 2, referred to by Scopoli, xihiclt Eau- hine cxprefsly tells us is a copy of Fuch jh s' sfg. oj the V. ofichialis.) Spikes foinetimes more than one. Blofs. blue, white, or flefli- coloured. Reich. Leaves fpear-fhaped, toothed, fomevvhat hairy ; running down the leaf-ftalks. /lowers let do fe. Stop. ScorOLl's Didiibutioii of the Species. I . Leaves bluiir. V. fniticulofa, ferpyltifolia, Beccalnin<;a. 2. Leaves pointed. (a.) u prig Ilf. V. Anagallis, Cliamasdry s, niontaiia, fpicata, arvenlis. (b) trailing. V, officinalis, fcutellata, agrenis, hederifolia, tripbyllo.. 9 II. C H I V E S, I. P O I N T A L. Upl ight fpiked male Speedwell^ Smallejl Fluellln. Mountainous moift paftures. (Cavenliam heath near Bury, SuIF. Mr. Woodward.) P. June. Cows and Shejp will eat it, Goats and Horfes refufe it. VERONI'CA- hy'brida. Spikes terminating. Leaves Weljk oppofite, bluntly ferrated, rough. .Stem upright. — Ray. 11. good. Stems fimpie, afcending, about a fpan long. Spihe oblong, ter- minating. Leaves' oval, rather blunt, doivny, green on both fides ; ferratures large, blunt. Leqf-Jlalks bordered. Linn. Blofs. blue ; the tubular part hairy within. Leaves thick and fle.Tiy ; rough with (hort white hairs, which grow pvit of fmall pro- minent glands. With. Veronica fpicata kybrida . Hu U s . Welik Speedwell. Bugle-leaved Speedwell. On Craig Wreiddin, Moritgom. [NearPepny-bridge in Lanca- rfhire, Mr. Woodward.] P. July. VERONI'CA officina'Us. Spikes on lateral fruit-t common :ftalks. Leaves oppolite. • Stem trailing. — Ludw. ect. 100. Curt. n. SS-fofi- 3- dan. 248. Ger. 502. i. Riv. g^. 2. Veronica. J. B. iii- 282. i. Black. 143. Fuchs. 166, copied by Tragus 207, and J. B. iii. 282. 2. Math. b93j copied by Dod. 40. 3, reprinted by Lob. obs. 250. 2. and Cer. em. 626. 2, again copied by Park. 550. 2. and in the H. ox. iii. 22. 7. (Dod. 40. 2. reprinted by Label, obs. 250. i. and Ger. em. 626. i. and cop. by Park. 550. i.Jeemsto be a different plant ; for in none of the fpecimCns which I have exa- mined, ncr in the jreceding figures, are any rfi the Jtrap-Jhaped 1 leaves to be found which garnijh the lower part of the Jhdt-Jlalk in the figures lajl referred to.) Stems fcattered on the ground, throwing out roots from the low- Ermoft knots. Leaves afcending, toothed. The whole plant hard end dry. Fruit ripe in Sept. bcop. Little fruit-Jlalks {hnrier thzn the floral leavcs.-r.-Taie of (he Blofs. bout half as long as the cup ; rvhite. Border pale purple : the roadeft legment marked with 6 or 7 deeper purple ftreaks ; the , arroweft fegment with 3, and each of the lateral fegmenls with 4. Vips arrow-fhaped. Stems cylindrical, woolly. Leaves oppofite, gg-fhaped, ferrated; hairy underneath, and at the edges. Floral- avps flrap-fhaped. Some of the Fruit-Jlalks are fo near the end of he ftem that at firfl: view they appear terminating, hut upon more ccurate examination we find one or more pairs- of leaves bej-end hem. With. I 1 10 Jhruhby DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Common Speedwell. Male Speedwell. Fluellin. Barren ground heaths. P. May. June. The leaves have a flight degree of aftringency and bittemefs. An infufion.of them is recommended by Hoffman, as a fubftitute for tea, but it is more aftringent and lefs grateful. It is eaten by Cows, Sheep, Goats, and Horfes. Swine refufe it. ** Flowers in broad bunches. VERONI'CA fruticulo'fa P Broad-topped fpike ter- minating. Leaves fpear-fhaped, blunt. Stems fome- what fhrubby. — Hall. i6. I. FI. dan. 342. Ponain Clus. ii. 337. i. reprinted by Ger. em. 628. 5. and copied by Park. 551. i. — not the V.Jaxa- tilis as Hall, and the German Jynonyms fuppoje, as is evident from the defcription of the colour of the blojjbms. Shoots perennial. Stems trailing and perennial at bottom, upright and dying down at top. Leawei-fomewhat fcolloped ; upper ones 1 larger, fmooth. Fruit large. Empal. with 4 clefts ; flightly pu- ^ befcent. Blofs. white ; witir bloody ftreaks. Fruit-Jlalks longer than , the floral-leaves. Linn. ' , Stems Ample ; always upright. Leaves egg-fpearfhaped, or ob- \ long ; concave, pointed, toothed here and there. Blofs. flefh-co- loured ; fometimes white ; not large. Empal. fegments tapering to a point. Ca/’5. egg-fhaped, blunt, not nicked at the end. Scop. Leauei oppofite. Caps fmooth. longer than the floral leaves. Jacc^. Veronica frutefcens. Scop, Mountains. Ben Nevis, Scotland. Mr.HuDSoN.f S. May. June. ' Mr. Lightfoot had inferted on the authority of others the F.alpina, but the examination of a fpecimen proved it to be only a flight variety of the V.fcrpyllifoUa. f Befides the above references, Mr. HuDSOX has given alfo the following to what Haller (j4j (3) confidcrs as a variety of the K fruticulofa-, but SCOPOLI and LiNNSUS THE SoN, {Suppl. 8j.) think it a diftiiuit fpecies, which they have called the rock VERONICA {faxatilis ?) Broad-topped fpike terminating. Leaves oppofite, Empalements {omitted by Linn, but probably from an error of the prefs) fmoothilh. Fruit-flalks longer than the leaves. JACQ,. er.um. p. zoo. C/»j. i. 347. I. copied by Park. . 7. and H. ox. iii. 22. 5. {not the V. fruticulofa as the German fynonyms make it, as is evi - dent from Uie defcription copied fromClufus.) J.B.Vn. 284.3. 232. j, /VA) branched, widc-fprcadiiig, producing buds. Zmwx fit- ting, nearly cgg-fliaped, blunt, flattilb, very entire. (But both J. B. II. C H I V E S, I. P O I N T A L; VERONI'CA ferpylltfo'Ha. Bunches terminating, fmooth nearly refembling a fpike. Leaves fmooth, egg-fhaped, fcolloped. — Leaves with 3 fibres, Gurt. Curt. n. 5. fafc. i. FI. dan. ^<^2. Wale. Dod. q.i. i. reprinted iy oh. Lobs. 250. 4, andGer. em. 627. 2. J. B. iii. 285, i. Riu. 99 . Veronica minima repens. Id. t. 93./. 147. 2. V. erePta Jylvejlris? Pluk. 233. 4. Ger. 503. 3. (Gouan. illujlr. 1. 2. has every appearance of being a diJlinPl Jpecies.) Leaves elliptical, feldom more than 4 pair, the reft alternate. ^lofs. white ; the 3 upper fegments marked with blue lines ; the Aroat and tube of a greenifh tinge. Threads white. Tips blue. ^hqfi reddilh. Summit white, circular, flat. Fruit-flalks fhorter Aan the floral-leaf immediately below it, pubefeent, hairs knobbed. Zmpitl. not fo hairy as the fruit-ftalks. Scop. It is difficult to diftinguifh this from the V.Jpicafa, in which rjinnseus fays the flowers form a “ terminating fpike," and in this he ays they form a terminating bunch nearly refembling a fpike." Lin- ntcus gives no other difference by which they can be diftinguilhed, -nd it is evident that this is hardly fufficient. The ftem in the ferpyl- 'jfolia is often undivided as well as in the fpicata, and when it is Branched it is only near the root. Cup deeply divided into 4 equal pear-fhaped fegments, not evidently hairy. Blofs. pale blue ; up- oer fegment with 5 or 8 purple lines, lateral fegments with 3 ; :malleft fegment white. , Tips blue. Seed-bud nearly heart-fhaped ; sihaft permanent ; blue towards the top ; Summit whitifh. .S. Vejf. ■ringed with hairs round the edge. Stem cylindrical, afeending ; leveral rifing from the fame root, but frequently each has its own ^articular root ; bearing from 5 to 7 pair of leaves ; moftly oppo- ^ iite ; the upper ones intermixed with the flowers. Leaves egg- fhaped, fitting, fmooth, very nightly fcolloped. Upper foral-leaves' J. B. and Clus. and even Scop, liimfelf in his firfl: Ed. deferibe them as minutely fcolloped here and there, as they are in a fpccimen given me by the Son of ProfefTor jACquiN. St.) Broad-topped fpike fometimes running into a bunch. Empal. a’ld Caps, with a very flight hairinefs, but fometimes quite fmooth. £/o/}. fegments roundi lb, very blunt. fometimes al- ternate. Jacq,. Veronicafrutkans. jACqoiN. The Higher Alps. Scop. June. July. jACQ.- Mr. Hudfon fiibjoins to each fynonym a mark of doubt. Not having feen Mr. Hudfon’s fpecimen, I can only offer the above • ynonyms, to enable fome Botanift on the fpot to afeertain this very Uubious plant. Dr. Stokes, 12 Brook-lime I Pimpernel DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. alternate, fpear-fhaped, twice as long as the fruit-ftalks. Flowers on {hort fruit-ftalks, one rifing out of the bofoni of each floral-leaf, and forming altogether a long, leafy, fpike-llke bunch, terminatr ing. With. Smooth Speedwell. Pauls Betcmy. Meadows and pafturcs, not uncommon, p. May. I^orfes, Cows, Goats, ar\d Sheep eat it, VERONI'CA Bunches lateral. Stem a'eeping. Leaves f|at ; egg-flaaped. — Ludw. ect. 30. Curt. n. 1 5.Jafc. ii. Sckeldr. ( Brookl.J Riv. 1 00. Beccabunga. Wale, Fuch. 725. copied by Tragus 188. Blaciw. 48. I. and 2. FI. dan. 51 1. Dod. 593. l. reprinted by Lob. ebs. 248.3. Ger.em. 620. i. copied by Park. 1236. i. and ill copied in the H. ox. iii. 24. 24. Gfr. 496. i. ( Blackw. auef. 48. 2. Fuch. and Trag. are regarded by Thai. C. B. and Trew ■ in Blackw. au6l. as Jpecifcally diff'eringfrom the other.) Smooth, fucculent. Stem cylindrical. Leaves edged with fhort teeth, terminated by glands, fi/q/i. each fegment terminated by a gland, and marked at the bafe with 2 white lines. Scop. Leaves fitting ; ferrated. Cup with 4 unequal divifions. Blqfs. blue fometimes white. Tube of the blofs. much fhorter than the cup.- Border with 4, and fometimes 5 unequal divifions. Seed-bud with a thick, glandular, yellowifii gi'een fubftance under its bafe. Wiry. Brocklime. Slowfhallowftreams, and near fprings thatfeldqm freeze. P.June. The leaves are mild and fucculent, and are eaten in fallads early in the Spring. Cows, Goats, and Horfes eat it. Swine refufe it. This, and fome other fpecles of Veronica, afford nourifliment to the Papilio cinxia, Curculio and Chr)dbmela Beccabungae. VERONI'CA AnagalTts. Bunches lateral. Stem upright. Leaves fpear-fliaped, lerrated. — Ger. 496.3. Pel 51. 12. Ger. 496. 2. cop. in Ger. cm. 620. 2. Riv. 100. referred by Frew in Blackw. aiicl. to his lejfcr vcr. cf F. Beccabunga.) J. B. iii. 791. i. Blackw. anti. 48.3. a branch, FI. ox. iii. 24. 25. numerous. .Seet/r very fmall. Scop. Lfo/i. pale puqile. iMng-leaved Brook-lime. Water RimpemeL Slow ftreams and fhallow ponds. (Ditches about Tamworth. W.) P. July. Aug. Cows, Goats, and Sheep cat it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. VERO- ’3 II. CHIVES, I. POINT A L. VERO'^l'CAfcutella'ta. Bunches lateral, alternate, narrozv- ^ittle fruit-flalks pendant. Leaves very entire ; ftrap- leaved haped. — Riv. 96. V. palujlris angujllfolia. Fl. dan. 209. J. B. lil. 791. 2. H. ox. iii. 24. 27. Bunches Hcndtr, limber, wide-fpreading. Linn. Stems angular. Fruit-ftalks branched ; fhorter than the leaves. ^a/) fmall. Ca/’s. 4 feeds generally in each cell. Scop. Leaves always finely toothed. Jaco. enum. (as in fig. of Fl. Jan. St.) Leaves opposite ; betwixt ftrap, and fpcar-fhaped ; fet with 2 or 3 *>air of very minute teeth ; lower leaves with moft teeth. Stem often irailing and fending out roots from the joints. Blofs. white or Burplilh. With. Poor fwampy foil. [Bogg)' meadows near Bungay, and in the tens of Cambridgefh. Mr. Woodward.] P. June. Aug. Eaten by Cows, Goats, Sheep,- and Horfes. Swine refufe it. VERONI'CA mojita'na. Bunches lateral ; of only JlaF.ed "ew Howers. Cup rough with hair. Leaves wTinkled ; egg-fhaped, fcolloped ; on leaf-ftalks. Stem feeble. — Bunches elongated, thread-fhaped. Leaves blunt, ferrated ; fer- tatures thick. Stem and leaf-ftalks rough with hair. Linn, the Son. Capfule longer than the cup. From Curtis. Jacq.Ji.iog. Curt. n. 37 jafe. iv. H. ox. iii. 23. 1 5. PC/.51 .4. Riv.g^. Stem creeping. Cups with 4 clefts. Leaves red underneath. Bunches, as in the V. J'cutellata , (lender ; much longer than the . ^ teaves ; with few Howers. Fruit round and flat ; notched at the lop and at the bafe. Linn. Blo/s. lower fegment white. Seeds 4 In each cell ; flat, egg-fhaped ; with an eye. Hall. got/. 235. Leaves fometimesheart-fhaped. Scop. Mountain Madzvort. Hedges and moift woods. [Wood at the weft end of Powick Ham, near Worcefter. Dr. Stokes.] P. May. VERONI'CA Chamce'drys. Bunches lateral. Leaves Germander Egg-fhaped, wrinkled, toothed, without leaf-ftalks. Stem ileeble. — Capfule a little fhorter than the cup. J a c Curt. n. 4. faje. i. Fuch. 872 ,• copied by 'Frag. 203. and J. B. iii, 286. 1. Fl. dan. hValc. Ger. 530. 4. Riv. gq. V. prat, latif. Clus. i. 352. i. reprinted by Ger. em. 657. 3. and Label, obs. 259. 4. and ill copied in H. ox. iii. 23. .12. Leaves fibred, jaggedly toothed, woojly ; their breadth more than [i-half the length ; lower ones oval, upper ones heart-fhaped. . Threads I 14 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 4 Thea^s at the bafe and point, and throat of the blofs. white. Duft . white. Shaft vjhitiih at the bale. SmTOi'/ reddifh . woolly. • Scop. < Leaves betwixt , heart and egg-fhaped. Fruit-Jlalks and feg- j ments of the cup, hairy : thefe hairs, when magnified, appear | terminated by minute globules. (See PI. 13. f, 2.) Blofs. a fine blue. Bunches long, oppofite, upright. With. ; Wild Germander. , , ' j Paftures ; lides of hedges. . P. May. I The leaves are a better fubftitute for Tea than thofe of the V. (f-^ 'i Jicinalis, being more grateful and lefs aftringent. Cows and Goats :i eat it, Sheep, Horfes, and Swine refufe it. • i « * # Fruit-Jlalhs with i flower. \ procumbent VERONI'CA agres'tis. Flowers folitary. Leaves || heart-fhaped, jagged, fhorter than the fruit-ftalk. — j. Leaves on Leaf-ftalks. Hubs. Stem trailing. Ccrt. i Curt. n. 7. fafc. i. .FI. da7z. 449. Riv. 99. V.fol. chamaedryos. j Wale. Fuch. 22. copied by J. B. iii. 367. i. H. ox. iii. 24. j 22. Dod.gi.2. reprinted by Ger. em. 616. i. and copied by Bark. 764. 4. bad. Blofs. blue ; fometimes white. Likn. Segments of the cup egg-fhaped, equal. Gouak. . ^ • Flowers early in April, often in March. Blofs. with fome blue and fomewhitefegments.5ee7fifrom4to8in each cell. Mr. Dickenson, i Germander— Chickweed, Paftures and ploughed fields. A. April. Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Horfes eat it. • KtaJl VERONI'CA arvenfis. Flowers folitary. Leaves heart-lhapcd, jagged, longer than the fruit-ftalk. — Sitting. Hubs. The lower ones on leaf-ftalks. Curt. Col. phyt. 8 ; well copied by J. B. iii. 367. 2. Curt. n. 23. fafc. ii. Ger. 489. 8. Ger. em. 613. 7; copied by Park. 762. 4. fH. ox. iii. 24. 21. bad. Seems more to refemble the V. verna.J (FI. dan. 515, a different fpecies? I have fince obferved with pleasure that the accurate Retzius,* in his prodr. flor. Scandinav. fubjoins a mark of doubt to his reference to this plate. J * Cups longer than the fruit-ftalk. Scop. Leaves hairy, marked with 3 longitudinal grooves ; upper leaves fitting. Flowers about a month later than the V. agrejlis. Mr. Dickenson. Cap with fpear-fhaped unequal fegments.GouAN. B/^. pale blue. Speedwell — Chickweed. Old walls ; amongft nibbifh ; and fallow fields. A. May. Horfes eat it. VERO- \ IL C H I V E S, I. P O I N T A L. VERONI'CA hederifo'Ua. Flowers folitary. l^e^xes ivy-leaved Iheart-fhaped, fiat, divided into 5 lobes. — Curt. n. ig. fafc. ii. Wale. FI. dan. ^28. Riv. gg. V. fol.he- dera. Dod. 31. i. reprinted by Lob. obs. 247. i. and Ger. em. 616. 3 ; copied' by Park. 762. 3. J. B. iiir 368. 2. H. ox. iii. 24. 20, f Buxb. cent. i. 40. i. Jhould feenfrom the blojs. to be a different fpedes. J Seeds with a dimple at the top ; 2 in each cell of the capfule. Li nn. Leaves fometimes witli 3 lobes. Cup with oblong, heart-fhaped Segments, longer than the blofs. Blojs. when fallen off, 4 cornered. ^Seeds yellowifh, wrinkled, adhering to a 4 cornered recepta^cle : ahey ripen in 28 days. ScoP. Root-leaves 2 ; oppofite, oblong. Mr. Hoi.lefear. Stem compofed of a hollow cylinder, furrounding a ftrong, elaftic, ihread-fhaped fibre,' as in the dl/ine media (fee PI. 13. f. 3.) One *fruit-Jlalkzxi{es from thebofomof each leaf. Middle fegm. of theleaves Mar the broadeft. Gz/p fringed at the edges with long taperwhite hairs. iBlofs. blue. Sown in a garden I have feen it half a yard high. With. Small Henbit. Ivy Chickweed. Hedge banks ; ploughed fields. A. April. May. VERONI'CA triphyi'los. Flowers folitary. Leaves trifd •with fingered divifions. Fruit-ftalks longer than the cup.- 5. iii. 368. I. FI. dan. 62y. habit well exprejfed. Riv. g6. V. fol.ruta. (Ger. em. 612. 5. copied by Park. 1260, 6, and in H. ox. iii. 24, 23. very ill done, or a different plant, a conjecture jujiified by its fingered leaves, large blojs. and fiowers as it were in broad-topped fpikes.J Leaves fhorter than the fruit-ftalks ; reddifh underneath. Scop. Root-leaves heart-fhaped, jagged. Blojs. blue. Capjules large; •deeply notched. Mr. Woodward. Right, or upright Chickweed. Sandy fields. [Near Cock-ley Cley, Norfolk, and Bury, Suffolk, Mr. Woodward.] A. April. May. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. VERONI'CA wr'nfl. Flowers folitary. Leaves with vernal 'fingered divifions. Fruit-ftalks fhorter than the cup. — RoJe.2.'\, FI. dan. 2^2. if. ox. iii. 24. 21? 5femlliflF, upright. Linn. Cup much longer than the blofs. and deeply divided into 4 fpear- :fhaped, blunt, unequal fegments. Blojs. 'blue; green at the bale. 'Tips white. Summit flightly fringed. Floral-leaves fpearlh. blunt. i Fruit -Jlalks veiy fhort. With. Dry, DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. t Dry, barren foil : old walls and rocks. [Near Bury, in the j moft dry and driving fand : the plant is frequently nearly buried j in it. Mr. Woodward.] A. April. May. i 33. PINGUIG'ULA. Butterwbrt. || Empal. Cup gaping ; fmall ; fharp ; permanent. Upper 8 lip upright ; u-ith 3 clefts ; lower lip reflefted ; cloven. BlosS. 1 petal, gaping. Longer Up ftraight, blunts with 3 clefts; falling back: Jhortcr Up cloven, fomewhat blunt and expanding. Honcycup horn-^ 1 fhaped, being a produftion of the Idwer and hinder^ | part of the petal. j Chives. Threads 2 } cylindrical; crooked; afeending; I fhorter than the cup. Tips routidifh. , j Point. globular. Shaft very {hori. Summit 2 lips ; upper Up large ; flat ; reflefted ; covering the tips ; lower lip fliort ; very narrow ; upright ; cloven. I S. Vess. Cap fide egg-fliaped ; of i cell ; compreffedy *1 and opening, at the point. i Seeds. Many ; cylindrical. Receptacle loofe. 1 Ess. Char. Blofs. gaping ; ending in a fpur. Cup with 2 | lips and 5 clefts. Caps. 1 cell-. j PINGUIC'UIiA vidga'ris. Honeycup cylindrical, | the length of the petal. — i, fl. dan. 03. Chis. i. 310. 2. reprinted, by Ger. etn. 788. 2. Ger. ; 644. J. B. iii. 54.6. I. Bark. 532. 2. H. ox. v. 7. 13. j Leaves covered with foft upright prickles, fecreting a gliltinous , liquor. Blofs. yiolct, purple and reddifh, ivith white lips, and an ' afh-coiodred woolly fpot on the palate. Linn. . ,’i,i Butterwort. J orkjkirc Sanide. ■ R ^ On Bogs. [Broadmoor, about 3 miles S. Weft Of Birmingham, j; Mr. Brunton. On the N. W. iide of Malvern hills, but not on the S. or S. E. fide. Mr. BaLlarD.] P. May. j If the frefh gathered leaves are put into the filtre or ftrainer 1 through w’hich warm milk from the Rein Deer is poured, and the milk is fet by for a day or two to become acefeent, it acquires 1 confiftenre and tenacity ; the whey does not feparate, nor does the | cream ; in this ftate it is an extremely grateful food, and as fuch is \ tifed by the inhabitants in the North of Sweden. There is no fur- 'y thcr cccafion to have rcccurfe to the leaves, for half a fpoonful of 'i this I II. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 17 this prepared milk, mixed with frelh warm milk, will convert it 1 to its own nature ; and this again will change another quantity of frelh milk, and fo on without end. (This did not fucceed when tried with Cows milk. Mr. Hawkes.) The juice of the leaves kills lice ; the common people ufe it to cure cracks or chops in Cows elders. Linn. — The plant is generally fuppofed injurious to Sheep : occafioning a difeafe which the farmers call the Rot. But it may be made a queftion, whether the Rot in Sheep is lb much owing to the vegetables in marlhy grounds, as to a flat infedl called a Fluke f Fafciola hepatica ) which is found in thefe wet fituations ad- hering to the ftones and plants, and likewife in the livers and bi- liary du6ls of Sheep that are affedled with the Rot. — From experi- ments made on purpofe, and conducted with accuracy, it appears, that neither Sheep, Cows, Horfes, Goats, nor Swine, will feed ^ upon this plant. PINGUIC'ULA w7/oya. Stalk with a flight wool- hahy linefs. — Ligh^. 6. I. — FI. lapp. 12. 2. Stalk very flender ; not very evidently pubefcent. Blofs. violet- I coloured ; Spur Handing out. In all its dimenfions 6 times fmal- ler than the P. vnlgare. Linn. Leauei tender and delicate ; the edges approaching. Veins pur- iplilh. Hcjds. Honeycup Ihorter than the petal ; nearly cylindrical, blunt. ^Lightfoot. Leaves roundifh. S. Vejf. heart-lhaped ; of 2 valves. Marfhes in Dorfetfh. Hamplh. Devonlh. and Cornwall, fre- xjuent. Huds. Near Air, and in the ifland of Lamlafh, Scotland. Dr. liHopE. P. June. July. PIN G U IC'U LA a//)i'72£i ? Honeycup conical. Shaft mountain Thorter than the petal. — FI. dan. 453. — Gunn. ii. 4. 4. — FI. lapp. 12. 3, from a dried fpe- I cimen. I Blofs. white ; woolly fpot on the palate yellow. Spur converging, lolunt. TAreads bowed inwards at the bafe, touching near the feed- Inud. Tips flatted, yellowifh. Caps. 2 edged at the point, pubef- j rent ; hairs knobbed. Seeds to 180; oblong, brown, fcored at l-he point; fixed to a roundifh, flralked receptacle. Scop. n Said to have been found in Orkney, and between Erwin and Iftir, but fufpecled to have been the P. w7iq/rt. Light f. P- Vol. I. C 34. UTRI- diandria monogynia. 34. UTRICUL A'RIA. Bladder-fnout. (Petiv.) Empal. Cup 2 leaves ; leaves very fmall, egg-fhaped, concave, deciduous. Bloss. I petal, gaping. Upper Up flat, blunt, upright. Lovuer Up large ; flat ; entire. A heart-fhaped palate ftanding prominent betwixt the lips. Honeycup, like a little horn, grows from the bafe of the petal. Chives. 'Threads 2^ very fhort; bent inwards. Tips fmall and adhering together. Point. Seed-bud globular. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the cup. Summit conical. S. Vess. Capfule large ; globular ; of i cell. Seeds. Many. Ess. Char. Blofs. gaping, ending in a Jpur. Cup 2 leaves, equal. Caps. 1 cell. Obs. The plants of this genus are very remarkable; the roots being loaded with fmall membranaceous bladders. UTRICUL A'RIA vulga'ris. Honeycup conical. Stalk bearing but few flowers. — FI. dan. 138. — Riv. 79, cop. by Petiv. 36. ii.^Ger. em. 828. 5. cop. by J. B. iii. 783. 3. and by Park. 1258, g, with an ad- ditional fig. — Parts offruSHfication, Schmied. 21. 12, at the bottom. Cup permanent ; its lower leaf very flighdy notched at the end. Blofs. full yellow ; with purplifh red ftreaks. Honeycup conical, blunt, lined with minute, fhining, globular glands. Threads thick, flefhy, crooked ; fixed to the bafe of the feed-bud. Summit 2 lips ; one very fmall ; the other broad, flat, thin, fringed at the edge. After the impregnation of the Seed-bud this larger lip clofes the aperture of the Shaft. Stalk cylindrical, fcaly towards the top, and dividing Into three. Leaves in whorls ; thread-fhaped, greatly branched and forked ; fet with minute whitifh harmlefs thorns, and hollow bags, which have a glandular appearance ; they con- tain a tranfparent watery fluid, and a fmall bubble of air. They are pear-fhapcd but rather comprefTed ; with an open border at the fmall end, from the edges of which arife 3 or 4 very (lender fibres, which perhaps are the real roots of the plant. See PI. 13. fig. 4. (a) a fmall branch with its thorns, (b) the open border with the roots, (c) the cavity of the bag, filled with a bubble of air and a watery fluid. This fluid, when greatly magnified, appears to contain a quantity of extremely minute folid particles. With. Hooded ^9 II. CHIVES, I. POINT A L. Hooded WcUer-milfoile. Wet ditches and ftagnant waters. [In fhallow water on Bir- mingham Heath. W.] P. July. UTRICULA'RIA mtW. Honeycup keeled. — lejfer Schmied. 21. — FI. dan. 128. — Pluk. gg. 6, cop. by Pet. 36. 12. Honeycup obfolete ; pointing downwards. Mouth of the blofs. open, gaping ; without a prominent palate. Roots hair-like, very flender, fvvimming ; befet with fmall membranaceous bladders. Stalk as long as one’s finger, fimple, very flender ; dividing to- wards the top into 3 fruit -ftalks with 3 floral leaves. Root- leaves winged, hair-like; little leaves few; equal. Cup with the lower leaf refledled. Blofs. 2 petals, gaping. Upper lip horizontal, heart-lhaped, perforated at the bafe, fixed to the receptacle. Lower Up larger, heart-fhaped, refledled at the fides ; bellied at the bafe on the under fide, prominent and keel-fhaped. Seed-bud egg- fhaped. Shaft fimple, fhort. Summit betwixt egg and tongue fliaped. B/0/5. a paler yellow than the preceding fpecies. Linn. Ditches and muddy ponds. [St. Faith’s Bogs near Norwich. Mr. PiTCHFORD.] P. June. July. 36, LYC'OPUS. Gypfie-wort. Empal. Cup I tubular leaf, with 5 fhallow clefts ; feg~ merits narrow and Iharp. Bloss. I unequal petal. ‘Tube cylindrical, as long as the cup. Border with 4 clefts ; blunt, open ; feg~ merits nearly equal, but the lowermojl fomewhat fmaller; the uppermofl tomewhzt hvozaei than the others, and notched at the end. Chives.' T^hreads 2; diftant ; generally longer than the bloffom, and bending under its upper fegnient. ‘Tips fmall. Point. Seed-bud with 4 clefts. Shaft thread-fhaped ; ftraight ; as long as the chives. Summit cloven ; reflefted. S. Vess. None. Seeds. 4 : roundifh ; at the bottom of the cup. Ess. Ch. Blofs. zmtfi 4 clefts ; one fegment notched at the end. Chives diflant. Seeds 4, rounded. C 2 LYC'O- X 20 Horehound ! i I jagged DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LYC'OPUS europa’us. Leaves indented and fer- rated. — Curt. n. 34* /a/c. iii. — Riv. 22. Pfeudo-marrub. pal. — Math. 1002. — Dod. 595. 2 ; repr. by Lob. obs. 283. 2. and Ger. em. 700. I, and cop. by Park. 1230. i. — Pet. 32. 5. — H. ox. xi. g. 20. — Trag. 9. 2. — J. B. iii. 318. 2. Cup with 4 or 5 clefts ; fegments unequal, with 3 fcores on the infide, and a rib upon the back, which flioots out into a taper fharp point. Blojs. whitifh, with a tinge of purple ; fomewhat hairy within. Tube fhorter than the cup : upper fegment flightly notched at the end ; lower one with a few purplifh fpots on the in- fide. Chives, threads crooked. Betwixt thefe 2 chives it is not un- common to find 2 other Jhorter threads without tips ; and I once found thefe ftiorter threads fumifhed with tips. Seed-bud fitting upon a yellow glandular receptacle. Shaft crooked. Stem with 4 comers and 4 hollow tides ; a little haiiy. Branches oppofite, rifing from the bofom of the leaves. Leaves a little hairy. Flowers feveral together in the bofoms of the upper leaves. With. VAR. 2. dijfec'tus. Leaves deeply divided. Barr. 154. — H. ox. xi. 9. 21. — Pbik. 45, u Water Horehound. Sandy ground on the banks of ftreams and ponds. P. July. Sept. It dyes black. The juice gives a permanent colour to linen, wool, and filk, which will not wafh out ; travelling gypfies ftain their faces with it. — Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows and Horfes re- fufe it.-^The C^da viridis feeds upon it. 42. SAL'VIA. II. CHI VES, I. POINT A L. 21 42. SAL'VIA. Sage. Empal. Cup I leaf, tubular, fcored; enlarging gradu- ally up'wards and compreffed at the top. Rim up- right ; with 2 lips ; lower Up with 2 teeth. Bloss. a fingle petal. Tube compreffed, enlarging gradually upwards. Border gaping ; upper Up con- cave, compreffed ; bowed inwards ; notched at the end. Lower Up broad, with 3 clefts ; the middle fegment laigeff ; roundifh, notched at the end. Chives. Threads 2 ; very fhort, fupporting 2 others crofs-wife by the middle, which have glands at one end, and tips at the other. Point. Seed-bud with 4 clefts. Shaft thread-fhaped ; very long ; adjoining the chives. Summit cloven. S. Vess. None ; the cup clofing a little, contains the ^ feeds in its bottom. Seeds. 4 ; roundifh. Ess. Ch. Blofs unequal. Threads fxed tranfuerfely to a little footjlalk. Obs. The rudiments of two chives appear in the mouth of the 'bloffom, but they have no tips. The glands in moft fpecies are ■callous, but in a few they appear like tips, and fometimes contain :a fmall quantity of duft. SAL'VIA praten'Jis. Leaves oblong heart-fhaped, meadow fcolloped ; upper leaves embracing the ftem. Flowers in whorls with hardly any intermixture of leaves. Helmet of the bloffom gummy. — ' Fuch. 569,- cop. by Trag. 53, and more exaStly by Dod. 293. i ; repr. by Ger. eih. 769. 3. — Riv. 36. — Ger. 627. 3. — H. ox. xl. 13. 10, — Clus. ii. 30. 1. repr. by Ger. em. 771. 4, and cop. by 7. B. iii. 312. 2. (Lob. obs. ^00. 2. and J. B.nx. ^ii. 2. re- ferred to in the German fynonyms, are a reimprejjion and copy of Clus. ii. 30. 2. which is a different plant.) Blackw. 258, is S, verbenaca. Flowers 6 in a whorl. Cups expanding horizontally ; upper lip «with 3 plaits uniting at the point ; the lower with 8 elevated lines. xBlofs. helmet-folded, blunt, hook-fhaped. Tube filled with a fweet Iliquor, of which bees are very fond. Glands marked with 2 teeth Jtapering downwards, bowed inwards, adhering ; clofing the throat |of die blofs. Scop. j C 3 ^ Cupy . DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. . Cup, upper lip inverfely heart-ftiaped. Bbjs. bluifh purple, 4 | times as large as the cup. Tips deep purple. Dujl yellow. Stem, j leaves, and fruit-Jl'alks hairy ; the hairs upon the latter fupporting | tranfparent globules. wrinkled. With. j [Surry and Suflex, common. St. — Caftle-hill, Tamworth, W.] j P. July. ' Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows and Horfes refufe it. | SAL' VI A verhena'ca. Leaves indented, ferrated, ■ fmoothifh. Bloflbms more (lender than the cup. — Clus. ii. 31. 1 ; repr.by Ger. em. 771. i, and cop. by Park.gj.Q. — i Black. 258. — Barr. 208. — H. ox. xi. 14. 33. — Ger. 628, is a > jig. of fame other fpecies. i Cup, its upper lip with 3 very fhort teeth. Blofs. blue ; its out- ; fide fprinkled with white globules. Summit a fine deep purplifli blue. ! Stem 4 cornered ; hairy. Flowers 6 in a whorl ; the upper whorls almoft contiguous ; the lower ones more and more diftant. With. ! Wild Clary. Meadows and paftures. [Plentiful about Kinfare, StafFord- fliire. Mr. Brunton.] P. June. 25. CIRCiE'A. Enchanters-vport. | Em PAL. Cup 2 egg-{haped, concave leaves ; a little bent outwards ; deciduous. ^ Bloss. Petals 2 ; inverfely heart-fhaped ; expanding ; equal ; fhort er than the cup. Chives. 'Threads 2 ; hairlike ; upright ; as long as the • cup. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-hud turban-fhaped : beneath. Shaft thread- fhaped, as long as the chives. Summit blunt ; notched at the end. S. Vess. betwixt egg and turban-fhaped ; covered with flrong hairs ; with 2 cells, and 2 valves ; open- ing from the bafe upwards. Seeds. Solitary ; oblong, narrow towards the bafe. Ess. Ch. Blofs. 2 petals. Cup 2 leaves, fuperior. Seed i ; cells 2. Obs. In moft plants the feeds are produced within the empale- ment or blofibm ; but this genus is an exception, the feed-bud being beneath them. — The number 2 prevails here very remark- ably ; 2 leaves to the empalement, 2 petals, 2 chives, 2 cells and 2 valves to the feed vefiel, and fometimes 2 feeds. St. CIR- II. C H I V E S, I. P O I N T A L. CIRC.^'A lutetia'na. Stems upright, fupporting fe- reral bunches of flowers. Leaves egg-fhaped. — Ger. 280. — FI. dan. 210. confrmed by Oed. Hall. Lightf. and Huds. the reference in Syft. Veget. being probably an error of inadvertency. — Lob. obs. 137. i ; repr. by Ger. em. 351. 1 ; and cop. by Park. ^51. 1. — jf. B. ii. 977. i ; with a fingle flower at the bottom. Is Curt. n. ^y.fafc. iiujlem and leaves fmooth, H. ox. V. 34. row 3. I. leaves fmooth andglojfy, and perhaps R. dan. 256, a fmooth var. or the alpina ? Stem a foot and half high ; upright. Leaves fomewhat ferrated, dull. Bunches terminating and lateral. Empal. much thicker and of a coarfer texture than the bloflbm, and not of the fame co- lour. Linn. woolly. Leroe5 elliptical, flightly hairy, longer than the cup. Fruit-flalks, when the fruit is ripe, bent downwards, ffairr of the fruit hooked. Scop. Root toothed. Stem upright, a cubit high ; branching. Leaves nearly heart-fhaped, but without the hollow at the bafe : on long leaf-ftalks ; the edges fometimes entire, fometimes undulated, fometimes ferrated and fringed ; but moftly ferrated. Fruit-flalks rather long ; fomewhat hairy, expanding, and on the ripening of the feed, bent back. Blofs. white, or flelh-coloured. Empal. greenifh red, in texture unlike the blolTom. Hall. Bunch moftly folitary. Emp. green ; red at the points .Ret z.obs.i.p.g. Stems fomewhat creeping, green. The plant correfponds with Scopoli’s charadler. Mr. Wood. Whole plant pubefcent. Leaves heart-egg-fhaped, taper pointed, betwixt toothed and ferrated, the points being direcfted towards the end of the leaf, but the margin between the points hollowed out. Empal. when magnified, befet with fhort cylindrical hairs, ending in heads, juftfenfiblythicker than the body of the hair. St. Leaves a little woolly. Cup with its leaves refledled, betwixt egg and fpear-fhaped ; coloured. Petals reddifh white, alternating with the leaves of the cup. Threads thickeft towards the top ; white. Tips white. Dufl 3 cornered. Seed-bud hairy, egg-fhaped but com- prefTed ; placed under, and at a fmall diftance from, the cup. Shaft thickeft upwards, with a double green gland at its bafe. Sum- mif afine pink colour. Caps, fet with white hairs, hooked at the end. Seeds 2. Stems and branches cylindrical ; a little woolly ; fometimes red at the joints. Leaves on leaf-ftalks, oppofite ; be- twixt egg and fpear-fhaped ; a little woolly, and glandular at the edges. JJltle fruit-flalks zitci lowering, pointing downwards. With. Inchanters Nightjhade. Woods and moift hedge bottoms, common, P. July* Aug. It is eaten by fheep, . ^ C 4 CIRCiE'A common DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. i CIRC^'A alpi'na. Stem proftrate, fupporting a fingle bunch of flowers. Leaves heart-fhaped. — Curt. n. id. — H. ox. v. 34. row 3. 2. a very luxuriant Jpecimen. — FI. dan. 256, confirmed by O’e.n . Hall. Lightf. and HuDs. the reference in Murray's edit, of Syjl. Veget. to 2 10, being a miftake. Stem proftrate, fcarcely a finger’s length. Leawei heart-fhaped, toothed, ftiining. Different from the C. lutetiana, but nearly allied to it. Linn. Thefe fpecies fertalnly diftindl — Scop, and Mr. Woodward ; but the fpecific diftindlions do not depend on the diredlion of the ftems, the number of the branches, or the colour of the empale- ment, but in the figure, &c. of the Leaves, which are heart-fhaped, toothed, fmooth. Stm afccnding. Scop. Of a delicate texture. Stem upright, from 3 to 6 inches high ; fmooth. Leaves fmooth ; deeply cut at the edges, and more dif- tindlly heart-fhaped. Leef-Jlalhs imooth. Empal. red. Bunches Tzther more numerous than in the C. lutetiana. Cultivated in a garden it does not become the C. lutetiana, neither is it a variety of that. Hall . Empal. fmooth. Learn deeply cut, or ferrated. Lightf. Bunch, often only i, fometimes 2, or 3. Leaves of a yellower green. Sometimes fix inches high. Correfponds with Scopoli’s charadler, and does not materially differ from Mr. Curtis’s C. lute- tiaha. If not the C. alpina it is at leaft a ftriking variety of the C. lu- tetiana. Found about Leeds. Mr. Wood. Two fpecimens from botanic gardens., and the fame with Mr. Wood’s, exacftly accord with the above defcriptions, except that they are 10 inches high. Empal. fmooth. Stems fmooth; joints red. Leaves heart-fhaped. Bunches from 1 to 5. Empal. white; its points green. Retz. obs. i. p. 9. Emp. very red. Reyger. ib. Inchanters Nightjhade. [Rocky Woods in Lancafhire, Weftmorland, and Cumber- land. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. Sheep eat it. II. CHIVES, 11. POINTALS. 25 Order II. D I G r I A. 11. P 0 I N r A L S. ,46. ANTHOXAN'THUM. Vemalgrafs. (Ray.) PI. II. fig. I. 'F.mpat.. 2 valves containing i flower. Valves con- cave, egg-fliaped, taper ; the innermofl; the largefl:. sBloss. Bujk 2 valves, the length of the larger valve of the empalement. Each valve fends out an awn from its back, at the lower part ; and one of the awns is jointed. Honeycup 2 leaves, svery flender, cylindrical. The leaves nearly egg-fhaped, and one enfolding the other. Chives. “Threads 2 ; hair-like ; very long. Tips oblong; forked at each end. Point. Seed-bud ohlong. 2 ; thread-fliaped. Sum- mits Ample. 5. Vess. The Hujk of the bloflbm grows to the feed. DEED, Single, cylindrical, tapering at each end. Ess. Ch. Empal. hujk of 2 valves, containing 1 flower. Blofs. hujk 2 valves ; pointed. Seed i . ANTHOXAN'THUM odora'tum. Spike oblong fweet-fcented EEg-fhaped. Florets longer than the awns, fupported on tiort fruit-ftalks. Curt, n, g.fafc. i. — Schreb. 5. — Gifeke. 2. — FI. dan. 666. — Stil- ling.f. 1. out of blofs. Mus. rujl. iv. 2.3, — J. B. ii. 466. i. — Anders. Barr. 124, fmgle fpike good. — C. B. 44. i. — H. ox. viii. 4. row 2. 25. and 7. row 3. 25. both bad. — Spike, and parts of fruBif cation, Leers2. i. — Seguier. i. 4. 2. — Mont. 84. SpIke-like panicle. Empa/. longer than the blofs. unequal, Jlunt, with a flight woollinefs. Awn of one petal fhorter, upright, Toceeding from the middle of the petal ; that of the other longer, oothed, proceeding from the bafe. Tips reddifh, cloven at each «id ; cleft ftraddling. Seed-bud tapering- Shafts twice as long as ►e chives. Scop. Empal. The outer valve fkinny, and fheathing the bafe of te inner, which is much ftronger. Threads fhort, at the arft opening of the blolTom, 'afterwards very long. Summits woolly. sS • ■ DIANDRIA DiGYNIA. woolly. It is remarkable, that before the expanfion of the blofs, the Seed-hud and one end of the "tips are inclofed in the Honeycup, Straw cylindrical, fmooth ; when magnified it appears fcored with green lines. Leaves fcored ; fheathing the ftraw ; 2 or 3 upon each flowering ftem. Straw with 'fhining joints. With. Empal. Valves fprinkled over with minute yellow dots, fimilar to thofe of the Ribes nigrum, whence poffibly its fweet fcent ; fome- times fcattered over with foft white hairs. Blojs. double. The outer entirely different from that of any other of the Graffes, fhorter than the lefler valve of the empalement, its outfide covered to near the top with ftiff brown hairs lying flat ; wluw ftrap-fhaped, cloven at the end, keeled, upright, ftanding feparate, that with the twijled aim narrowing downwards, and juft fenfibly fhorter; aims up- right, the longer where even with the top of the bloflbm bent afide, below the flexure twifted, dark brown, above whitifh, tapering ; the Jhorter as long as the empalement, inferted above the middle of the valve, ftraight,brownifh, tapering. The inner ('NeSlarium,Ijiiiir.) refembling the bloflbm of a Poa, fmooth ; outer valve, oblong- -roundifh, yellowifh brown, membranaceous at the edge; inner valve membranaceous, as narrow again. — Haller makes it one of his 2-jlowered Avenas, but it is a genus truly diftindl from all others. It has the awn of the Avena, the blofs. of the Poa, and the double one of the Phalaris, In a natural arrangement it fhould ftand be- tween the Poa and St. Spring grafs. Meadows and paftures, common. P. May. June. This is one of the earlieft of our grafles, and is faid by Linnaeus to occafion the delightful fmell of new-mown hay. Mr. Curtis fays that the leaves, rubbed betwixt the fingers, impart a grateful odour. Boccone fays a diftilled water is prepared from it, as the vehicle of fome perfumes. If it be gathered whilft in bloflbm, lapped in a paper and carried in the pocket, it retains the fmell of new-mown hay for a long time. W. Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Horfes eat it. I 1 I i i V I ♦ 27 Clafs III. TRIANDRIA; III. CHIVES. This Clafs comprehends, befides other plants, the greater part of thofe vegetables commonly called Grasses, and fome others nearly allied to them. Al- though the flowers in thefe are generally difregarded, they will not, to an attentive obferver, appear lefs cu- rioufly confl:ru6led, than thofe which boaft of gayer co- lours and more confpicuous parts. NATURAL CHARACTER OF GRASSES. Empal. a huflc; generally compofed of 2 valves : the larger valve hollow ; the /mailer flat. Bloss, Strictly fpeaking, none : but, inftead thereof, a Hujk of 2 valves, dry and Ikinny. Honeycup of 2 ^ leaves ; oblong ; very fmall ; fuperior. Chives. Threads 3 ; hair-like. Tips oblong ; with 2 cells. Point. Shafts 2 ; downy ; reflected. Summits downy. S. Vess. None. Seed. Single; inclofed either by the blolfom or the empalement ; oblong ; tapering at each end. Stem. Simple, flraight, hollow ; with knots or joints : it is commonly called a Straw. Leaves. Entire ; narrow ; tapering to a point: i placed at each joint of the ftraw. Martyn Cat. Cant. p.ii. Befides the plants which fall under this clafs, there are others of the grafs kind that differ in fome of their chara6ters, and are arranged accordingly. Thus, the Anthoxanthum, or Vernalgrafs, has only two chives, and the Holcus, or Softgrafs, has its chives and point- als varioufly difpofed upon the fame plant ; (See the figures in the plate of Graffes, copied from the Amcenitates Academic. Linn.) The great folicitude of nature for the prefervation of graffes is evident from this ; that the more the leaves are 28 triandria. are coufumed, the more the roots increafe. The great author of nature defigned, that the delightful verdure of thefe plants fhould cover the furface of the earth, and that they fhould afford nourifhment to an almofl infinite number of animals. But what increafes our ad- miration moft, is, that although the Grasses conflitute the principal food of herbivorous animals, yet, whilfl they are left at liberty in the palture, they leave un- touched the ftraws which fupport the flowers ; that the feeds may ripen and fow themfelves. Add to this, that many of the feemingly dry and dead leaves of Graffes revive, and renew their verdure in the fpring. And on lofty mountains, where the fummer heats are hardly fufficient to ripen the feeds, the moft common Graffes are. the Festuca ovina (Sheep’s Fefcue ;) the PoA alptna (Mountain Meadowgrafs ;) and the Aira caf- ptto^a (Turfy Hairgrafs ;) all which are viviparous, and conl'equently propagate themfelves without feeds. In general, the leaves furnifh pafturage for cattle ; the fmaller feeds are food for birds, and the larger for men. But fome are preferred to others ; as, the Festuca (Fefcue) for Sheep; the.PoA (Meadowgrafs) for Cows; the Phalaris (Canary) for Canary-birds and Linnets ; the Avena (Oat) for Horfes ; the Secale (Rye) Hor- DELU.I (Barley) andTRiTicuM (Wheat) for Man. . Variety of Insects too derive their nourifhment from graffes ; as the Papilio mccra, Pap. jEgeria, Pap. Galathea, Pap. jfurtina, Pap. Cinxla, Plialcena guercifolia, Ph. Potato- ria, Pit. culmella, Cliryfomela Graminis, and feveral others which will be mentioned under the different fpecies. No part of Botany appeared to me more difficult than the ftudy of Grasses ; but the method of accurate dif- feftion and obfervation once adopted, nothing was more certain or more eafy. However, when the great importance of the fubjeft is confidered, we cannot la- bour too much to fix the public attention to it, by ren- dering it as eafy as poffible: for which reafon the excep- tions are carefully noted under each fubdivifion of the orders, and in the following plate an example is fele6ted from each genus. To gain a clear idea of the ftrufture of the flowers, they muft be examined juft before the Tips difcharge their drift ; and hy comparing them in thatftate with the figures in the plate, and with the generic de- fcription. 1 GRA.SSES PiLUhcum. ScktrnuKi PU.cunv ertM itnv ecurLoi rcLtOi non /lo /'Lint APelica. Tk a la Miliu rri rroLKf HoLcih Lot in nt no/u /VA^ f^ro/zi /////? . a ///tr /i . /tftff/.Vji . tr /i Fig. 18. Po'a fMeadowgrqfs.J A an entire little fpike. a a the i two hulks of the empalement. b b b b bthe blolToms. ; B one of the florets feparated from the little fpike. i c the outer valve, d the inner valve of the blolfom. e e e the forked tips. JJ the wooUy fummits. j Fig. 19. Festu'cA fFefcue.J a a the valves of the empalement. b b b b b b b the bloflbms of the little fpike terminating ■ in fharp points, c the inner valve of one of tlie ^ bloflbms. j Fig. 20. Bro'mus ( BromegraJs.J a a the empalement. b b b ■ bloflbms, the outward valves only of which are vilible, with the awns growing from beneath the point. . Fig. 21. Ave'na (Oat.) a a the valves of the empalement. bbb the florets, the outer valves of which are furnilhed with a twilled jointed awn, growing from the back, dd d the inner valves, c c c c c c the tips. Fig. 22. Arun'do (Reed.) a a the valves of the empalement. i A ^ the woolly blolfoms. Fig. 23. SECAfrE (Rye.) a a the valves of the empalement. b b bb the bloflbms ; the inner valve of which is flat, but the ' , outer concave and furniflied with an awn. c c the fpike-llaik with its little teeth. \ Fig. 24. Vlg. Ig- Ig- III.. CHIVES. 24. Trit'icum (Wheal.) a a the blunt valves of the cmpale- ment, embracing the three blolToms b b b, the outer valve only of which is feen, fumilhed with an awn. c c the fpike-ftalk. 25. Hor'deum ( Barley.) a a a a a a the fix valves of the em- palement, two of which belong to each of the blolToms b b b. e e e the long awns of the outer valves of the blolToms. e e the naked fpike-ftalk as it appears after the florets are pulled off. 26. El'ymus (Lymegrafs.) a a a a a athe valves of the em- palement, two of which belong to each little fpike b b b. e the empalement as it appears after the little fpikes are taken away. "ig. 27. Lol'ium (Darnel.) a a a the empalements of one valve. b b b the little fpikes confifting of feveral florets, c one of the florets opened to Ihew the two valves of the blolTom. ?ig. 28. Cynosu'ros (Dogstail.) A the fpike pointing all one way, compofed of the florets B, in which areprefents the fence with many clefts ; i ^ the valves of the em- palement containing feveral florets, and c c the florets. Fig. 29. Ca'rex (Segg.) a the tiled cat-kin. c the fcaly empalc- ment of the fertile floret, d the honeycup cloven at the top. b the feed-bud, and g the fhafts taken out of the honeycup : h hh the fummits. e the fcaly empale- ment of the barren floret, with the three chives///. Fig. 30. Hol'cus (Sqftgrajs.) a 0 the barren florets on Ihort fruit- ftalks. b the fertile floret, fumiftied with chives and pointals. rig. 31. Rottbol’liA (Hardgrafs.) a a a a a joints of the fpike- ftalk. be be be be valves of the empalement placed outwards, the edges of one lapping over that of the other. St. TRIAN- 3 I 32 T R I A N D R I A. III. CHIVES. Order I. MOMOG YXIA ; I. POIMTAL. 48. Valeria'na. - Blofs. with 5 clefts, bellying at . the bafe. Seed fingle. 61. Cro'cus. - - Blojs. I petal, but fo deeply di- vided as to appear like 6 nearly upright petals. Summits colour- ed ; rolled in a fpiral. 65. I'ris. - - Blojs. ] petal; but fo deeply di- vided as to appear like 6 alter- nate reflefted petals. Summits like petals. * Flowers valves Sie Grasses, and hujky Empalenients. 71. ScHoe'NUS. 72. Cype'rus. - 73. Scir'pus. 74. E.rioph'orum. 75. Nar'dus. ft BJofs. o. Empal. chaffy ; in bun- dles. (Scales ofpofite but riling from the fame point. St.) Seed roundifh. Blofs. o. Empal. chaffy ; pointing from two oppofrte dines. Seed naked. Blofs. o. Empal. chaffy ; tiled. Seed naked. Blofs. o. Empal. chaffy ; tiled. Seed woolly. Blofs. 2 valves. Empal. o. Seed covered. f Carex fylvatica. Order ' III. CHIVES. ^ LkiBylis c)mof«roides. Blofs. 2.valves. Empal. 2 valves. St. ' Order II. DIGTNIA; II. PO INTALS. * Flowers fcattered ; i in each empalement. 82. P.\n'icum Empal, 3 valves ; that upon the back the fmalleft. 84. Alopecu'r^^s. Empal. 2 valves. tBlofs. i valve with a finiple point ; fitting. 83. Phle'um .Empal. oi' 2 valves; lopped; fliarp ; pointed ; fitting. 80. Phal'aris. .... 2 valves. Fa/yw keeled ; equal ; inclofing the blolFom. 85. Mil'ium 2 valves. Fa/ywdiftended; larger than the blofs. nearly equal. (Valves mucAi larger than the blofs. St.) .86. Agro'stis Empal. 2 valves, (fometimes only i. St.) Valves (harp ; fhorter than the blofs, ' (fomewhat larger than the blofs. St.) •92. Dag'tylis Empal. 2 vzlves. Thelarger and longer valve compreffed and keeled. 96. Sti'pa Empal. 2 valves. Blofs. termipated by an awn which is not jointed*- *{• Melica nutans. Arundo Epigejos. ' Arundo Calamagroftis. Arundo arenaria. * * Flowers fcatlered; 2 in each empalement. .y. A'ipa Empal. 2 valves. without the rudiment of a third. S8. Mel'iga 2 valves. £/oret; with the rudi- ment of a third between them. •f Holcus. Avena elatior. Avena tlavefcens. Avena fatua. , Cynofurus. Dadlylis glomerata. Sefleria. . ** * * Flowers fcattered ; fever al in each empalement. Oi Bri'za Empal. 2 valves. Blofs. heart-fliaped ; with diftended valves. ‘ 39. Po'a Empal. 2 valves. Blofs. egg-fliaped ; with valves fomewhat Iharp, Sesle'ria. £m/)a/. 2 valves. £lq/jr. oblong; toothed at the end. Fence 2 leaves. St. ^4. Festu'oa Empal. 2 valves. Blofs. oblong; with iharp pointed valves. Vol. I. D 95. Bro - as 34 ■ T R I A N D R I ' A, 95. Bro'mus Empah 2 valves. Blofu oblong; its valve with an awn rifing from be- neath the point. 97. Ave'na EmpaL 2 valves. Blofs. oblong; with a twilled awn upon the back. 99. Arun'do ^£mpaL 2 valves. Blofs. woolly at the bafe, and without an awn. •j- Rottbollia. Aira caenilea, aquatica. Dadlylis glomerata, **** Flowers on a long toothed feat without fruit-Jlalh, 105. Trit'icum. . Empal. containing many florets. 104. Hor'deum. .. Fence 6 leaves, containing 3 florets. Flower Ample. Linn. — Fence 2 , leaves. Flowers growing 3 together; Ample. St. (p. 122.) RoTTBoL'LiA.£m;^a/. lateral, containing i blofibm of 2 valves; folitary. Sr. from Sp, plant, and fuppl. 13. 102, E’lvmus.. Fence 4 leaves, containing 2 flowers. Flower compound. Linn. — Fence 2 leaves. L/orc/erj 2 or 3 together; com- pofedof from 2 to many florets. St. 10;. Lo'lium. FcHce I leafrcontaining I flower. Flower compound. 93. Cynosu'rus. . Fence i leaf. Axed to the Ade. Floxoer compound. Order III. TRIGYNIA; III. POINT ALS. 107. Mon'tia Blofs. I petal. Empal. 2 leaves. Cap's* 3 valves. Seeds 3. ii2.Polvcar'pon. Blofs. 5 petals. Cup 5 leaves. Caps, . 3 valves. 1 10. Holos'teum. Blofs. 5 petals. Cup 5 leaves. Caps, opening at the end. 189. Till^'a Blojs. 3 petals. Cup 3 leaves. Caps, 3. Seeds feveral. f Alfine media. Erapctrum nigrum. I 48, VA- I III. CHIVES, I. POINTAL, 35 48. VALERIA'NA. Valerian. iMPAL. None; or only a which is fuperior. Bloss. Tube, bellied on the under fide, containing ho- ney. Border with 5 clefts. Segments blunt. Bhives. 3, or fewer than 3 ; awl-fliaped ; upright; as long as the blolfom. 'Tips roundifh. .*01 NT. Seed-bud beneath. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit thick. .. Vess. a hard fubftance, not opening; deciduous; crowned. iHeeds. Solitary; oblong. iEss. Ch. Blofs. I petal, fuperior', bellying at the bafe on one fide. Seed i . Obs. There is a wonderful diverfity in the parts of the flowers a different fpecies of Valerian, as well in number as in figure. VALERIA'NA ru'bra. Flowers with i chive, with red ails. Leaves fpear-lhaped ; very entire. — Rh). 3. 2. — Dod.^si. I. repr. by Lob. obs. 184. 2 — Ger. em, £>78. I ,• cop. by Park. 123. ii; and by Ger. 550. i. — H. ox. 7. 14. 15.— y. .B. iii. 211. 2. , Red Valerian. IBbffoms red ; and in gardens there is a variety with white blof- 7ms. H. ox. ib. p. 102. ! On old walls and rubbifli ; in Devonfhire and Cornwall com- mn,. Huds. P. May. Aug. VALERIA'NA dto/'cfl. Chives and pointals on fnall : fferent plants. Leaves winged, very entire. — iRoot-leaves egg-fliaped. Stem-leaves winged. Huds. iHant xvith chives, but pointals imperfeB. Riv. 2. 3. V. minor. — FI. dan. 687. i. — Wak, — Blackw. — Trag. 62. — Math. 41. — Ger. 917 3. • Tiant with pointals, but only rudiments of chives. Riv. 2. 2. for. exig. — FI. dan. 687. 2. — Clus. ii. 55. 2; repr. by Dod. 350. 1. — Lob. obs. 41 1. 3. — Ger. em. 1075. 3, and cop. by Park. 123. 13, and J. B. iii. 21 1. i.—Ii.ox. vii. 14. 5. — Mor. umb. 10, d. e. Teafy fhoots fpring from the crown of the root ; the leaves oval egg-fhaped. Leaf-flalks long, 3 cornered. Leaves on the ftem {her nged or with winged clefts. I have examined great num- D 2 bcrs TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. bers of plants, but never yet found one that had the Chives and Pointals perfeAly diftindl ; and they all produce perfect feeds. Scop. The diverlities in the parts of frudlification are confiderable ; in fome Howers there are 3 Chives and a very fhort and minute Poin- tal ; but in others the Pointal is entirely wanting. The Tips in thefe are red, and the tinged with red, particularly on the outfide. Dujl yellow. Flowers upon other roots have either no Chives, or elfe only rudi- ments of chives, and a pointal with the Summit cloven into 3 parts. Blofs. in thefe plants much fmaller than the preceding, and only nightly tinged with red. Stems and Leaves in both kinds nearly alike, but in the fertile plants z tinge of red prevails in them. With. It is fometimes much fmaller. Moift meadows, common. .. P. May. June. great VALERIA'NA qffidna'lis. Chives 3 in each flower. Leaves all winged. — Ludwig. eSl. 99. — Math. 40. — Clus. ii. 55. i ; repr. by Dod. 349. 2. Lob. obs. 41 1. 2. Ger. em. 1075. 2. and cop. by Park. 122. — Ger. 917. 2. — Col. phytob. 26. — H. ox. vii. 14. 2. — , Riv. I. — FI. dan. gyo; branch and leaf good. — Fuch. 857; cop.^ by frag. 61. Upper Floral-kaves fpear-fhaped. Leaves, all of them, a little hairy or woolly at the bafe. With. Great iiild Valerian. Hedges, woods, and marflies, common. P. June. narrow leaved 2. Leaves narrower. Riv. 2. I. — Garidel 96. at p. 520. Dry heaths and high paftures. It is the latter variety which is in fo much repute as a medicine. The root has a ftrong, and not an agreeable fmell ; its tafte is warm, bitterilh, and fubacrid ; it communicates its properties tc wine, water, or fpirit ; but it is bell in fubftance, and may be ta- ken from half a dram to two drams for a dofe. There is no doubt of its pofTeffing antifpafmodic virtues in an eminent degree. It is often preferibed with advantage in hyfterical cafes ; and inftances are not wanting where it appears to have removed fome obftinatc epilepfies. In habitual coftivenefs it is an excellent medicine, anc frequently loofens the bowels when other ftronger purgatives havi been tried in vain. Cows eat the leaves ; Sheep are not fond of them. Cats are de lighted with the roots.— Rats are faid to be equally fond of them and that the Rat-catchers employ them to draw the Rats toge ther. St. VALE 37 III. C H I V E S, I. P O I N T A L, VALERIA'NA locus'ta. Chives 3 in each flower. Lettuce sm forked. Leaves ftrap-fhaped. — tS Leaves entire. Dod. 647. I ; repr. by Ger. em. 310. i. — Ger. 242 ; cop. by J. B. iii. 323. 2. 3lofs. bluifti white. Leaves and Stems fringed at the edges with s white hairs. With. ' . r Leaves pointed. Ft. dan. 738. H. ox. vii. 16. 36. J Leaves broad. J. B. iii. 323. 2. B Upper leaves ferrated. Ger. 242. — Lob. obs. 412. 2 ; repr. by Ger. em. 310. 2; cop. by Park. 8 1 2. 3 ; J. 5. iii. 324. i , and H. ox. vii . 1 6. n. 36./. 2. — Riu. 6. 2. Locujla minima. Lower leaves jagged. Ray and Lob el. Lob. adv. 319. I . .♦Taller. Leaves entire. Seeds round, fwoln. Morison. H. ox. vii. 16. 37. .xmb's Lettuce. Com Sallad. "ommon in corn-fields. A. April. May. n June. July. The young leaves in Spring and Autumn are eaten as fallad, I are very little inferior to young Lettuce. "ows, Sheep, and Lambs, eat it. — A Horfe eat it. St. 0 • 61. CRO'CUS. Saffron. PAL. Sheath i leaf. x)ss. T'ube fimple, long. Border with 6 divifions ; upright. Segments equal ; oblong egg-fhaped. iiVES. ‘threads^; awl-fhaped, fhorter than the blof- fom. arrow-fhaped. HNT. Seed-bud henezth ; roundifh. thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summits 3, rolled in a fpiral ferrated, Vess. Capfule roundifh ; with 3 lobes, 3 cells, and 3 valves. ps. Several, round. Ess. Ch. Blofs. with 6 equal divifions. Summits rolled in fpirals. ERO'CUS fati'vus. Sheath i valve, riling from the common ^t. Tube of the bloflbm very long. — pffidM'lis. Leaves narrower, rolled in at the edges. D 3 Math. \ autumnal TRIAN-DRIA MOISfOGYNIA. Math. 69. 70.— Mt//. III. — Trag. — Fuchs, cop. by J. B. ii. 637; with the addition of a Jig. of itjujl appearing abovi^ ground. — Wale. — Sheldr. (Saffron.) — Tourn. 184. — Ger. 123. I. 2. — Dod. 213; repr. by Lob. obs. 68. — Ger. 15 1. — H. ox. . iv. 2. I. — Blackw. 144. I. — Park. par. 167. Pips bright yellow. Ihreads purple. Summits deep orange at the j ends. cylindrical. With. ! Crocus officinalis fativus. Huns. About Cambridge, and Safiron- Walden, EflTex. [About Hali- fax. Rev. Mr. Wood. In a meadow near the Copper-milte, Derby. Mr. Whately.] P. Aug. Sept. B vernus. Leaves broader, with flat edges. Ger. em. 153. i. — Clus. i. 205. 2; repr. by Ger. em. 15C. 12. — Ger. 125. I. Oes. This variety is inferted on the authority of Mr. Hudfon,' but It is to be regretted that he has not mentioned where he difeo- vered it. Ray, from whom he has extracted the place of growtfi, takes no notice of It. St. Crocus officinalis fylvejlris. Huds. The Summits of the Pointal of the officinalis, carefully collected, and moderately dried, are the Saffron of the fhops. That colledted in England is preferred to all other. It affords a beautiful colour to water, wine, or fpirit, and gives out the whole of its virtues to them. It hath been holden in high repute as a cordial ; but moderiii pracftice pays no great attention to it, fince it has been found to produce no fenfible effedl, even when given in dofes greatly larger than thofe generally ptelcribed. 111. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 65. I'RIS. Flag. Empal. Sheaths 2 valves, feparating the flowers ; per- manent. Bloss. With 6 divifions. Segments almofi; diftin6l pe- tals; oblong, blunt. The 3 outer ones reflefted ; the other 3 upright and (harper : all conne6led to- gether by the claws. Chives, ‘threads 3 ; awl-fhaped, lying upon the reflefled fegments. Tips oblong, ftraight, depreffed. Point. Seed-bud beneath, oblong. Shaft (imple, very (hort. Summit very large, confifting of 3 divifions which refemble petals ,* broad, reflefted, alternately prefling down the chives and fegments ; cloven at the end. S. Vess. Capfule oblong, angular; with 3 cells and 3 valves. Seeds. Several ; large. Ess. Ch. Blofs. with 6 divifions, alternately reJleSled. ' Sum- mits refembling petals. I'RIS pfeud-ac'orus. Bloflbms not fringed ; the inner- yellotv mod fegments fmaller than the fummit. Leaves fword- (haped. — Curt.n.^^.fafc. HI. — Blackw. 261 . — FI. dan. 494. — Dod. 248. i ; repr. by Lob. obs. 31.1,- Ger. em. 50. 2. and cop. by Park. 1219. — H. ox. iv. 6. 1 1, (Math. 22. Ger. 46. 2; repr. by C. B. th. f^33 > Trag. 699 ,• Fuchs. 12 ,• cop. by J. B. ii. 732. i ,■ the de- fcriptions accord, but the habit very different. — Ludw. e£i. 10 1, cannot be the plant, the 3 inner petals being entire.) Petals, the 3 outer ones toothed on each fide next to the chives. Seed-bud with, edges, furrowed. Linn. yellow. Valves of the empalement fpear-fhaped. Petals, the 3 outer and larger ones ftreaked with pUrple lines. Summits cut into fringed fegments at the top. 7*^5 comprefied ; purple. Lfore/eri 3 together at the top of the Item : the 2 outer flowers have each i fheathing valve, and the middle flower 2. Stem cylindrical but comprelted. Root-leaves fheathing each other at the bafe ; of a filvery white with- in ; fometimes purplifh on the outfide. I fliould be tempted to deferibe this flower as having 9 Petals and 3 Shafts; which are con- . nedled longitudinally to the 3 innermoft petals. "With. Sometimes it has a pale yellow flower. Ray . Syn. 375* Floiiier de luce. Water JIag. D 4 39 Banks 40 fidin^ bulbous rooted TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Banks of rivers, marfhes, and ‘wet meadows . P. July. The juice of the frefh root is very acrid, and hath been found to produce plentiful evacuations from the bowels when other pow- erful means had failed. Edin. Med. EJf. vol. 5. art. 8. It may be given for this purpofe in dofes of 80 drops, every hour or two ; but the degree of its acrimony is fo uncertain, that it can hardly ever come into general ufe. In fome cafes it proves diuretic. The frefh roots have been mixed with the food of fwine bitten by a mad dog, and they efcaped the difeafe, when others bitten by the fame dog died raving mad. The root lofes moft of its acrimony by drying. Goats eat the leaves when frefh ; but Cows, Horfes, and Swine refufe them : Cows will eat them when dry. The roots are ufed in the ifland of Jura to dye black. Pennant's Tourt 1772. p. 2 14. I'RIS fcetidis'Jima. Bloflbms fmooth ; the inner feg- mcnts expanding very much. Leaves fword-fhaped. Stem with i angle. Dod. 247. 2, repx- by Lob. obs. 37. i, Ger. em. 60, and cep. by Park. 256. 5. — C. B. th. 560. — J.B. ii. 731. 2, — H. ox. iv. 5.2. — In fruit; Fuchs, cop. by Math, ggi, Trag. go/^, and J. B. Ii. 731. I. — Blackw. 158. — As groiving on the fea-Jhore, Ger. 53. I ; repr. in C. B. th. 564. Stem cylindrical, as long as the leaves, which cover it, and have a very foetid fmell. Seed-bud like the preceding. Blojs. of a difa- greeable purplifh afh-colour : not fmelling in the night - time. Claws of the outer petals -wrinkled and plaited on the under furface. /7!«er peta/i larger than the fummit, expanding. Linn. Var. 2. Leaves ftriped. Stinking Gladdon, or Gladvuyn. Near Homfey, and about Charlton Wood, Kent. Huns. Near Braintree, EfTex. [Near Perfhore, Worceft. Nash. In the Weft of England not uncommon in lanes. Bath hills ; Ditch- ingham, Norf. Mr. Woodward.] P. June. July. The juice of the root, both of this and the preceding fpecies, is fometimes ufed to excite fneezing ; but it is an unfafe pratftice. Violent convulfions have fometimes been the confequence. Neither Horfes, Sheep, nor Cows, eat it. I'RIS Xipk'ium. Bloffoms fmooth. Flowers in pairs. Leaves awl-fhaped, channelled, fhorter than the Rem. — H. ox. Iv. 7. 10. — Clus. i. 212. 2 ,• repr. in Ger. g3. 3; and Ger. em. loi. I ; and cop. in J. B. ii. 705. — Clus. i. 214, -^epr. in Ger. em. 102. 6, and cop. in J. B. ii. 704. i. — Sn^ert. i. 35. 5. — !n in. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. -41 — Infnut; Clus. i. 213,' repr. in Ger. em. 101. 2; and cop. in Ger. 93. 4. Bulbous-rooted fiawer de luce. This plant has long been an ornament to our gardens ; but Dr. ■''Iash, in his HUftory of Worcefterftiire, informs us, that it has sately been difcovered, by the Dutchess Dowager of Port- wAND, by the river-fide near Fladbury, and in other parts of that -;ounty. P, 71. SCHQS'NUS. RuChgrafs. (Gerard.) PI. II. fig. 2. Smpal. Hujk 2 valves; large, upright, tapering to a point, permanent : containing feveral florets. Bloss. Petals 6 ; fpear-fhaped, lharp, approaching, permanent : generally tiled ; the outermoft petals Ihortefl;. * "hives. Threads^, hair-like. 77/?! oblong, upright. “oiNT. egg-fhaped, with 3 flatted fides ; blunt. Shaft briftlv ; as long as the bloflbm. Summit with 3 clefts ; {lender. j!. Vess. None ; the petals clofe upon and contain the feed until it is ripe. EED. Single, (hining, nearly egg-fhaped, but with 3 fides a little flatted ; thickefl towards the top. Ess. Ch. Hujks chaffy, of i valve, crowded together. Blofs, o. Seed I, roundtjh ; within the hujks . Linn. Blofs. o. Inner Scales longer than the fpikejlalk, the lower ones without chives and pointal. St. Obs. In fome fpecies very fmall briftles, riling from the recep- icle, furround the feed. Linn. ; Lower fcales barren ; upper ones fertile. In the Scirpus they are ll fertile. This feems the proper diftindlion of thefe two genera, rop. — But in the Scirpus acicularis the outer fcales are fometimes ■arren. St. ; In all the fpecies which I have examined I have found fcales of {kinds, the lower or outer ones hzrd, leathery, ftilF, Ihort, empty, ■ barren, not unfrequently ending in an awn or fpit-point ; and the ”1 cannot find thefe 6 petals in any one of the fpecies. Hall. St. — As it ends at prefent it is rather a defeription of a Refiio. St. — That they are only trren fcales is evident from their often containing imperfect parts of fruftifi- aion. Scop. 4^ TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. , the or rwzer ones lofigef, rtiembranaccous, foft, fertile, a\vn- lefs. Thus the Schcenus will differ from the Cyperus and Scirpus as the Uniola from the Briza. Perhaps it may without impropriety ^ be arranged as a divifion of the Scirpus. Rottb. St.? Straai cylindrical. ] loniwith 4 or 6 fhort hairs rifing from the bafe of the feeds. Leers. Sti MiM Cyperus grafs. Wet fhady places. [DItchingham, Norf. Mr. Stone.] P. July. Cows, Sheep, Horfes, and Goats eat it. Swine refufe it. E 2 74. ERI- P TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 52 y4. ERIOPH'ORUM. Cottongrafs. PI. II. fig. 5- Empal. Spike tiled ; the flowers growing equally from every fide, and feparated by oblong- eg^aped membranaceous, flexible, tapering Scales, which are flat but turned in at the edges. ' Bloss. None. Chives. Threads^, hair-like. upright, oblong. ^ Point, Seed-bud very fmall. Shaft thread-fhaped, as Igng as the fcale of the empalement. Summits 3, longer than the Jhaft, refle6led. S. Vess. None. Seed. 3 cornered, tapering to a point ; fumifhed with foft hairs, which are longer than the fpike. Ess. Char. Hujks chaffy ; tiled on every fide. ‘ Blofs. c. Seed I, furrounded with very long wool. Jingle-headed ERIOPH'ORUM va'ginatum. Straw cylindrical; fheathed. Spike Ikinny. In fruit. Curt. iv. 37. — FI. dan. 236. — Scheuch. prod, anil app. 7. I. — J. B. ii. 514. 2. — C. B. pr. 23; repr. intk. 188, and cop. by Park. 1272. 5, — H. ox. vili. 9. rore/g. 6. Gr. juuceum. ib. 6. Gr. juncoid. — Park. 1272. 2.— ii, i. — In blojfom.. Curt, ib. — Pafk. I i8g. i . — Spike and parts qffruBif. Sceuck. 7. i — 3. Mont. I. K. imperfedlly 3 cornered, fharp, with two of thtjfides fcored. Stem-leaves cylindrical. Sheaths inclofing the ftravs ; the uppermofl purple at the bafe. Straiv twice as long as the le aves ; fcored, cylindrical, but flat on one fide. Spike egg-fhaped, tiled. Scales fkinny ; brown : the lower ones barren ; the upper ones bearing woolly feeds. Linn. ' Spike fingle. Scales brown. Straw bluntly 3 cornered. Sheath from 1 to 2 inches long, riling from the joint of the flraw ; | mrple at the lower, fkinny and fpcar-fhaped at the upper part. Ar lother Sheath, lower down, rifes from the root. Root-leaves 3 con ;ered, convex on one fide, flat on two fides. With. Hare' s-tail Rufh. Mofs-crops. Bogs. [Near Lynn. Mr. PitcHford. Very frequent in all the northern counties. Mr. Woodward. Birmingham heath, in the marfhy valley crofled by the foot-road to V7infon-green. W. .] P. Febr. April. )ER I- III. CHIVES, L POINTAL. 53 ERIOPH'ORUM polyjla'chion. Straw cylindrical, many-headed ;aves flat. Spikes on fruit-ftalks. — Curt. iv. 37. — Vatll. 16. i and 2. — Leers i. 5. — B. ox. vili. g. roa; 3. i. Ger. 27. 1. repr. in C. B. th. 61. — Trag. G83. — Garid. 44. — Dod. 562. 2 ; repr. in Ger. em. — Barr. 12. ' — J. B. il. 514. 1. — Parts (fjru&if. Mont. (Linagrojl.) K.L.l. Spikes pendant ; generally 3 upon each ftraw, which rifes out of fheath, formed by 3 brownilh leaves, the outermoft of which is luch longer than the reft and green at the end. Leaves Iheathing le ftem ; femi-cylindrical, and hollow at the lower part, but folid nd 3 cornered towards the top ; tapering gradually to a point. ‘W, Cottongrafs. Moorgrafs. Mofs-crops. Marfties and bogs, not imcommon. [Birming. heath, Aquilate deer, near Newport, Shrop. covering feveral acres. W.] P. June. This plant is ufeful in the Ifte of SkIe,'to fupport Cattle in the arlier part of the Spring, before the other graffes are fufficiently rown. Pennant's Tour, 1774.^.308. Poor people ftuff their pil- aws with the down, and make wicks of candles with it, but it be- omes brittle when quite dry. Obs. The laft 4 genera are nearly allied to the Grasses, and a fuperflcial obferver would be tempted to confider them as fuch ; * Different View of the lajl Four Genera. ERIOPHORUM. Seeds with hairs longer than the empalement. Hall. Eriopbsrum. Linn. S C I R P U S. Seeds ivith hairs fhortcr than the empalement. Hall. ♦ I. Scales tiled, — as in the Eriophorum. S. polufirh. Empal. entire. Spike Angle, terminating. Straw cylindrical. S. mucronatus. Empal. {harp-pointed. Spikes fitting, lateral, Straw 3 cor- nered. S. fyln/aticus. Empal, entire. Spikes in panicles. S. lacuftris. Empal. cloven into 3 at the end, fringed. Spikes in panicles. Straw cylindrical. S. maritimus. Empal. cloven into 3 at the end. Spikes in panicles, Stratv 3 fquare. •* 2. Scales bundled. Spikellalk fhorter than the fcales. Sckcenus comprej/iis. Spike compound. Little fpikes pointing 2 ways. Schtenttt albut. Little fpikes bundled. Outer fcales fhorter than the inner. S. pauciflorus. Lichtf. Outer fcales longer than the inner, but fliortcr tlian ' the fpike. Root-leaves as long as the ftraw. S. ccejpitofui. Outer fcales as long as the fpike. Root-leaves {horter t!;an ■ the ftraw. St. MARISCUS. Seeds naked. Hali.. ScLccnui marifcus, Sckpus adtularis, fttaceus. 75. NAR'., 54 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 7c. NAR’DUS. Matgrafs PI, 11. fig. 6. Empal. None. Bloss. 2 valves ; outer Valve long, betwixt ftrap and fpear-fhaped ; pointed at the end, and inclofing the le/fer Valve, which is ftrap-fhaped and (harp pointed. Chives, "threads 3, hair-like ; (hotter than the bloflbm. T’ips oblong. Point. Seed-bud oblong. Shaft (ingle, thread-(haped, I long, downy. Summit (imple. S. Vess. The blolTom adheres to the feed, without •. opening. ? Seed. Single, inclofed in the blolTom ; long and nar- row, tapering to a point at each end, the upper | ; part narroweft. Ess. Char. Cup o. Blofs. 2 valves. heath N AR'D US /?nc7a. Spike (lender, (Iraight ; the flo- ! rets pointing in one direftion. — ' Schreb. 7. — C. B. th. 70. — H. ox. viii. 7. 8. — J. B. ii. 513. 2. — Lob. ic. go. 1 ; repr. in Ger. em. 1631. 3, and cop. by Park. iigg.5 — 6 — 7. — Spike, ©’c. Leers i. 7. — Scheuch. 2. 10. — Mont. 31. ■: Spikes yellowifh white, or violet colour. Florets riling only from i one tide. With. i Straw with i joint near the bafe, and i fhort brillly leaf. Root- leqves nurherous, long, thread-fhaped, a little rough. Spike-Jlalk I convex on one fide, hollow on the other, with alternate teeth at the I: edges, and rough, for the infertion of the florets. Leers. [ Small Matweed. Heath Matweed. j' Heaths and marfhes. [Heaths in Norf. frequent. Mr. Wood- I WARD. Malvern Chace, Worceft. Mr. Ballard. Birmingham | heath, St. Lillefliall pool dam, Shropfh. W.] P. June. Aug. This grafs is ftilf and hard to the touch, but being generally Ihort, | it eludes the ftroke of the fcythe, and takes off its edge, which | makes it difiiked by Mowers. | Goats and Horfes eat it. Cows and Sheep are not fond of it. I Crows flock it up, for the fake of the layva of infeffs which they ,| find at the root. [ 5 1 Order 1 i Ill, CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 55 ' Order IL D I Q T ^ I A. II, P 0 I JV' T A L S. 82. PAN'ICUM. Panicle. PL II. fig. 7. Empal. with 3 valves*, containing i floret. Valves nearly egg-fhaped ; the fmallejl Handing behind the other two. Bloss. 2 valves. Valves nearly egg-fhaped, the /mailer valve the flatted. Chives. Threads 3 ; hair-like, fhort. Tips oblong. Point. Seed-bud roundilh. Shafts 2 ; hair-like. Sum^ mits downy. S. Vess. The blolfom adheres to the feed without I opening. Seed. Single, inclofed in the bloflbra ; roundifh, but a little flatted on one fide. Ess. Char. Dlofs. 3 valves; i very /mail. PAN'ICUM verticUla'tum. Spike whorled. Little rough bunches in fours. Little fences of 2 briftles, with i flqwer. Straws fpreading. — Curt. iv. 44. — H. ox. vlii. 4. 11. Ger. 14. repr.in C. B. tk. 139; cop. by Park. 1177. 2, andj. B. ii. 469. i. — Ger. em. 15. 1. (J. B. ii. 491. 2. is a different fpecies.J Greatly refembling the P. viride, but the bunches of the Spike longer, 3 or 4 together, pointing downwards on one fide. Flowers green. Pointals purple, i or 2 rough Brijlles to each flower, and longer than the flower. Little fruit-ftalks, after the falling off of the * Valvet generally 4. The t/Z or outermojl ; the 2nd oppofite to the outermoft, and covering the outer valve of the bloffom ; the '^rd oppofite and fimilar to the ad ; the \tb between the 3d and tlie inner valve of the bloffoni, flat, membra- naceous, and generally fmaller than the i ft. — Mr. Curtis has feen and figured it in the P. Crufgalli, f, 5. 6. ; but calls it a niembrane between the empal. and blois. It exifts in the P. glaucum, viride, miliaceum, capillare, patens, and even in the Jdnguinale, where, ftill obferving its proportion to the outer valve, it is with difficulty difeovered. In the patens, with the affiftance of the 3rd valve, it performs the office of a bloifom inclofiug 3 naked chives. In the P, BaEiylan there are only 2. St. E 4 flowers. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. flowers, terminated by a lopped, hollow, white cup. Spike-Jlalk cloven, with 3 or 4 corners. Straws fmooth ; fpreading ; 2 feet high. Leaves ndked. Linn. Kneed-grafs. Cornfields between Putney and Roughampton. Ray. Bat- terfea fields. Curt. A. June. July. PAN'ICUM vlr'ide. Spike cylindrical. Partial fence including 2 florets; hairy and bundled. Seeds ftringy. — Curt. iv. 44. — Ger, em. 17. 3. — park. 1 154. 2 and^. — (FI. dan. 852, called P. crufgalli; Mr. Woodward.^ Ger. 20. 8; repr. in C. B. th. 138, and cop inH. ox. viii. 2. 10. — J, B. ii. 431. I. — Spike; Leers 2. 2. — Fruciif. Scheuch. 2. 2. Straw from 12 to 18 inches high ; leafy ; with 3 joints ; fcored and rough towards the top. Leaves rather broad, rough on the up- per fide. Spike betwixt cylindrical and egg-fhaped, unequal in thicknefs ; green, purplifh on one fide. Frmt-Jlalks very fhort. Brijlles white, or purplifh ; feveral furrounding each floret, and 4 times as long as the floret. The third petal of the blofs. always wanting. Leers. — not always prefent. Scop. j^lh valve as fhort again as the bloflbm, while that of the P.glaucum is nearly as long as the blpfTom. Bloirpm oval, roughifh, but even ; that of the glaucum roundifh-eggfhaped, rough, and undu- lated. St. Sandy fields. [Com fields, Ditchingham, Norf. Mr. Wood- ward. Many places about Norwich. Mr. Smith.] A. July. PAN'ICUM Crufgal'U. Spikes alternate and in pairs. Little fpikes fub-divided. Hufks awned, and rough with ftrong hairs. Spike-ftalk with 5 angles. — « Awns not above once and a half as long as the empalement. Linn. 10 awns. Curt. Curt. iv. 41. — Math. 407. — H.ox.viii. 4. row i. 15. — Dcd. 559. 2, repr. by Lob. obs. 25. 2, and Ger. cm. 85. 4,- and cop. by Park. 1154. i. — Ger. 79. 5, repr. in C. B. th. 136. — C.B. th. 142. (Dod. 561. Q.feems a different plant.) j3 Awns 10 times as long as the empalement. Ger. 15. I. repr. in C- B. th. 137. — J. B. ii. 443. 2, — Ger. em. 16. 1, cop.byPark. 1154.4. — Punicle,^c. Leers 2. 3. — FruBif. ' Scheuch. 2.2.F. (FI. dan. 852. is the P. viride. Mr. Wood w.y x .. Wet corn-fields ; rare. About Batterfea. Near Martha’s Cha- pel, by Guildford. Huds. Between Deptford and Greenwich ; near Petersfield, by die rivulet, Hants. Ray. , A. Aug. PAN- III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 57 V AN ' ICU M fanguina'le. Spikes fingered; knotty cock’s-foot on the infide the bafe. Flowers in pairs ; without awns. Sheath of the leaves dotted. — Curt. iv. 41. — Schreb. 16. — H. ox. vlii. 3. row i. 2. — Buxb. v. ' 65. — Clus. ii. 217. 2; repr.inLob. obs. 13. i; and Ger. em. 27. 2 ; and cop. by Park. 1178. i. — Ger. 25. 2. repr. in C. B. 1 j th. 1 1 4. — y.B.ii. 444. I. — fFl.dan.^SS? Flowers tiled, and fpikejlalks bare of fiowers a confderable way up. Separate fpikejlalks well done.) — Spikes, &c. Leers 2. 6. not a good refem- blance though the only fg. where the knots at the bafe of the fpikes are reprefented. — ScheucL 2. ii. G. H. — fMath. 1000 feems to be ihevar. noticed by Scheuch. p. 102, 10^.) Flowers nightly hairy . Hall. Empal. outer vahe very minute. Schreb. St. ; very often wanting. Straw leafy, fmooth ; with 3 joints, the 2 lower ones procum- bent, the upper one very long, rifing obliquely. Leaves rather broad, fliort, fmooth. Sheaths of a blood red, fet with very mi- nute riling dots, andbriftly. Fali/es of the empal. pubefcent. reddilh, Ihining. Leers. Sheaths of the leaves bare, as in the fig of Schreb. and FI. dan. be- fet with foft hairs, Scheuch. ; or very hairy, as in Curt. Buxb. Clus. &c. fprinkled with a number of minute round brown tu- bercles, obvious to the naked eye ; but no knots at the inner bafe of the fpikes. (Specimens from Germany.) Both circumftances wanting in the plant figured by Curtis. St. Spike-Jlalks flattened, as if bordered. Flowers placed in alternate pairs. Scheuch. St. Straws leafy. Leaf-Jheaths doted. Spikes on very fhort fruit-ftalks. Spikejlalks fomewhat zigzag. Flowers fometimes in threes, the low- :-ermoft on a fruit-ftalk fhorter than the flower. Empal. (fome- ; times) pubefcent. Leers. St. A callous hairy fubjlance between the* bafe of the fpikes and the :fl;raw. Leers, but not difcernibly, at leaft in dried fpecimens. St. Dots on the leaf-ftalks fcarcely vifible ; Leers and Curt, in my ifpecimens very obvious. St. The longer fruit-ftalk fupporting a flower with only a pointal ; IScop. but in my fpecimens both flowers have chives and pointal ; ' Ibut when 3, the uppermoft has neither. St. Empal. valves bordered with a woolly fringe (fpecimeh from the Hon of Prof. Jacquin) ; or outer ribs roughifh, as in Curt. f. i. fi. :i2. (fpecimen from Prof, Lelke, titled P.flforme, which may iperhaps prove to be our Englifh fpecies) — 2nd valve half or 3 times hhorter than the blolTom ; the outer one as much fhorter than the 58 creeping TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. the 2d. — The /^th valve, (fee obs. on the genus,) ftill fmaller, and figured by Curt. f. 8, is an additional proof that it is truly a Pani- cum, and not a diftindt genus, as Haller and others have fup- pofed. St. Corn-fields near Batterfea ; and Martha’s Chapel, Guilford. Huds. [At Witchingham, Norf. Mr. Woodw.] A. July. Aug. PAN'ICUM dac'tylon. Spikes fingered, expand- ing ; foft hairs on the infide the bafe. Flowers folitary. The plant fends out creeping runners. Linn. — Empale- inent of 2 valves. St. Clus. ii. 217, repr. by Lob. obs. 12. i, and Ger. em. 28. 3, and cop. by Park. 1179.5. — C.B.th. 112. 113; cop. in H. ox. ■ viii. 3. roiv 2. 4. — Barr. 753. i. — H. ox. ib. 6. — Spikes, Mont, i gg. — Scheuch 2 . 1 1 . 7. Blofs. an awn-like thread proceeding from the bafe of the inner j valve. Scheuch. St. ; Blofs. edges flightly woolly. Flowers pointing one way. Ha ll. St. Empal. Hujks fpear-lhaped, finely tapering, expanding, nearly as long as the bloffom. Blofs. keeled. Shcfls and Summits violet. PoLLICH. St. Blofs. Inner valve egg-fhaped, keeled, as narrow again as the outer. The awn-like fubftance from its bafe apparently the rudi- ment cf a pedicle analogous to thofe in the Melica, &c. St. (C. B. 1 17. a good reprefentation of it. Mr. Woodward, but from the defer, a diftindl fpecies.) Sandy grounds, fea-lhore. Between Penzance and Market-jeu, Cornwall. Ray. P. July, 84. ALOPECU'RUS. Foxtail. PI. II. fig. 8. Empal. Hufk 2 valves containing i floret. Valves equal, betwixt egg and fpear-lhaped ; concave, comprelfed. Bloss. I concave Valve as long as the empalement, with a long Aim upon the back fixed towards the bafe. Chives, threads 3, hair-like. 7tps forked at each end. Point. Seed-bud voundilh. Shafts 2, like tendrils; re- fle61ed ; longer than the empalement. Summits Ample. S. Vess. The blolfom inclofes the feed. Seed. Single ; roundifli ; covered by the blolfom. Ess. Char. Cup 2 valves. Blofs. i valve. ALO- III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. ALOPECU'RUS praten'Jis. Spiked Straw upright, meadow Hulks woolly. Bloflbms without awns. — Linn. Blof- foms awned. Hulks fpit-pointed. Sx. — Panicle fpike- like, cylindrical. Huns, and Sr. Sckreb. ig. i. — Mus. Rujl. iv. 2. 9, — Stillingf. 2, out of blojfom. — H. ox. viii. 4. 8. confirmed by Sckreb. though denied by Linn. — Ger. em. 11. i. — Park. 1164. 3. — fBarr. 123. i. not the plant.) — Spike, &c. Leers 2. 4. That theBloJfoms are awned, befides the figures Schr. Leers, and Scheuch. fee Pollich. i. p. 62. and Scheuch. p. 71. St. Empal. Keels fringed . Mr. Hollefear. Foxtail Grafs. Meadows, very common. P. May. June. This is the beft grafs to fow in low meadow grounds, or in boggy places which have been drained. Sheep, Horfes, and Goats eat it. Cows* and Swine are not fond of it. Linn. But Dr. Pultney fays, this is the moft grateful of all gralTcs, to Catde. ALOPECU'RUS Spiked llraw, upright. Hulks fmooth. — Spike ftrap-fpearlhaped. Hulks almoft fmooth. Huns, and pointed. St. Curt. ii. 17. — Sckreb. 19. 2. — FI. dan. 697. — Ger. em. ii. 2. — Barr. 6gg. 2. — Buxb. v. 40. i , — J. B. ii. 473. i . — Ger. g. 4; repr. in C. B. th. 53. 5 ; and cop. by Park. 1169. 8. — Spike, gXc. Leers 2. 5. — Mont. 51. — Scheuch. 2. 6. A. B. (Not Barr. 699. 1 , as LigUf. ; at leajl I know of no defer, of it's ever having a bulbous root; nor 14. i. 2; 124. 2. as the German, fyn.; nor Park. 1 168. 7. as Ray ; nor Ger. em. 10. 2. as Curt. ; nor FI. dan. 228, as is evident from the 2 blofs. in 1 empal. — H. ox. viii. 4. row 2. 8. is the A. pratenfis.) ^ Spike fhorter. Awns bowed back. Ray Syn. p. 397. n. 2. fmalkr Corn-fields and road-fides. A. Leers. P. Linn. July. Aug. A J...OPECU'RUS bulbo'fus. Straw upright. Spike bulbous cylindrical. Root bulbous. — Barr. 699. i. — C. B. th. 20, — Ray 20. 2. Awns too Jlraight and ftiff, giving it the habit of a Hordeum, in confequence of which Lin- nteus has alfo referred it to the H. nodofum. — Anders, bad. — Spike, Mont. 54. (Barr. 680. i. and 2. not a Grafs.) Straw flendcr, about a foot high ; bent at the lower joint. Spike flender, 1 inch long. Leaves 1 or i-^ inch long. Root bulbous, emitting many fibres and Items. Ray . . Florets longer, narrower, and much lefs hairy, than thofe of the A. geniculatus. St. 59 Siraia 6o TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 5/ra» fometimes flightly kneed at the lower joint. /lams ftlffer, and the Valves of the empal. fhorter. and more pointed than in the A. geniculatus. Mr. Woodward . Alopecurus geniculatus bulbofus. Hu d s . In the firft field, next the road, before you go into Northfleet. Huds. [In a falt-marfh near Yarmouth. Mr. Woodward.] P. June. July. jloat ALOPECU'RUS genicula'tus. Straw afeending. Spike cylindrical. Hulks diverging at the point ; hairy. Huds, blunt. St. Img-awnei Spike-bearing ftraw bent as if broken. Blofs. without asvns. Lisir. fyjl, veg. (Awns fometimes fo concealed within the Empal. as to make the florets appear awnlefs. St. fromScHEUCH.p.ya.i.i.) at Awns longer than the empalement. Linn. J{. lapp. ST. fl. dan. 86i, (confirmed' by Mr. Woodward.) — H. ox. viii. 4. raw 2. 15. — Ger.em. 14. 2 ; repr. in C. B. th. 42, and cop. by Park. 1275. 7. — Spike, Etc. Leers 2 . 7. — Scheuch. 2.6.C. D. E. — (Fl. dan. 564, is an Agrojlis, as Muller has made it, and as is evident from the blofs.- with 2 valves.) Empal. Valves oblong, blunt ; the keels and fides covered with Jhort-awned foft hairs lying flat. St. Spiked Float-grafs. Spiked Water-grafs. Pools ; wet vallies and meadows, and alfo on very dry hills, Linn, in which laft fituation its ftraw is ftill afeending, and its awns are as long again as the empalement. St . /3 Awns as long as the empalement. Linn.^. lapp. Awn, from a little below the middle of the back, rifing about I -3d of its length beyond the empalement, but fometimes not rifing up to it. Empalement a-gds of a line long. St. Tab. ic. 217; Tab. hijl. i. 512. — lhavenot feen thefefgures. Whole plant paler. Flowers whitifti. Spike flenderer and fhort* er. Ray. bulbous 7 Roots bulbous. Mr. Woodward. Merely a var. of the geniculatus, and not the bulbofus. . Huds. fl. ang. Ed. I. or A. geniculat. bulbofus. Ed. II. — On walls. Mr. Woodward. Cows, Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Swine refuft it. bearded ALOPECU'RUS r7io77//)e//Vn^j'. Panicle fpike-like, ' Empalements rough. BlofiToms with awns. — H. ox. viii. 4. row 2. 3. — Park. 1166. 3; (and 1168. ^?) — Pa” nick, Barr. 115.2. Refembles III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 6i Refembles the A. pankeus, but 3 times as large. Evipal. with a tubercle at the bottom. Blqfs. very fhort , fhorter than the awn. Straw and leaves ftifF. Hujks rough, but fmooth at the edge ; both valves av\med. Linn. Marlhes and wet paftures. A. June. July. ALOPECU'RUS panlce'us. Panicle fpike-like. hairy Empalement fet with foft hairs. Bloffoms with awns. — Schreb. 20. 3; confirmed by the Germ. fyn. but referred by Linn, to the A. monfp. — Barr. 115. i. — Buxb. v. 66. i. — Park. 1164. 4 p — fLob. adv. 17. i ; is the Lagums ovatus, Ger. prm. and Fl. dan. 861, is the Al. geniculatns.J This fpecies very much refembles the A. monfpelienfis, but the w’hole plant is foft, and only 5 or 6 inches high. Hufks downy ; woolly at the edges. Awns of the blofs. fhorter than thofe of the empalement. Linn. Blofs. Valves 2, as fhort again as the , empalement ; hollow, fmooth ; the outer 3 tim^s as broad as the other ; roundifh-egg- Ihaped, blunt, with 4 teeth ; an aivn longer than the valve, iffuing from below the point. Inner valve egg-fpearfhaped, pointed ; with 2 teeth. Empal. ending at the bafe in a hard tubercle. St. Dry foil. A. July. 83. P H L E 'U M. Timothy-erafs. PI. II. fig. g. Empal. Hujk 2 valves, including a fingle floret ; hulk oblong, ftrap-lhaped, compreffed ; open at the end, and furnilhed with 2 fpit-points. Valves equal, ftraight, concave, compreffed ,• one embracing the other ; lopped ; with a (harp point at the end of the keel. ^ Bloss. 2 valves, fhorter than the empalement : outer Valve embracing the inner Valve, which is fmaller. Chives. T’lireads ^ ; hair-like ,* longer than the empale- ment. ‘ftps oblong, forked at each end. Point, Seed-bud roundifh. Shafts 2 ; hair-like ; re- flected. Summits downy. S, Vess. None. The empal. and the blofs. incloling the feed. Seed. Single ; roundifh. Ess. Char. Empal. 2 valves, fitting, frap-fhaped, lopped, xvith 2 fpit-points at the end. Bl^s. indofed. Linn. Empal. 2 valves, Blofs, 2 valves, membranaceous. St. Obs. 62 fea branched TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Obs. In the PM. arenarium the empalement is fpear-fhaped and not lopped ; and muft we confine the title of Phleum to fuch only as are fpiked ? St , PHLE'UM arena'rlum. Spike egg-fhaped, fringed. Stem branching. — Park. 1170. 4. is a good reprefentation of the fpike, though meant for the Phi. prat, nodos. — Pluk. 33. 8. — Spike ^ Mont. 74. good. (Not Barr. 717.^ Spikes fcarcely rife quite out of the fheaths of the leaves. Linn. Sheaths of the leaves wider than the ftraw, efpecially the upper. Spikes cylindrical, but tapering at the bafe and point, from ^ to I inch long. Empal. valves tapering off to a point, not lopped, keel fringed from the middle to the point. Blojs. hairy. Sen. St. Straw, when fully grown, bare from 2 to 3 inches above the up' per leaf. — Empal. Outer edge fringed towards the top. Blofs. mem- i branaceous, valves marked with fine teeth at the end. Not carti- laginous, nor any appearance of a doub]e bloffom, as in the Pha- laris. St. phalaris arenaria. Hues, which fee. pankula'tum. Panicle cylindrical, fpike- like. Hulks naked. Straw fometiines branched. Huns. Barr, 28. 2. and not the Phi. prateiife ns his editor and Schreber fup- pofe. — Barr. 54, a var.? confirmed by Haller. — Ger. 10. i ; repr. in C. B. th. 51, and cop. by J. B. ii. 471. 3. — Spike; Mont. 53. — (Not H. ox. viil. 4. row 3. 2, as Hall, as is evident from the frbtged keels of the fingle floret. — Barr. 21. 2. feems awned.) Poof fibrous. Straw a foot high, fomewhat flanting ; cylindri- cal, fmootfa, knotted. Leaves {evers\, alternate, upright, on leaf- fialks ; fword-fhaped, pointed, ftringy, rough. Leaf-Jlalk cylin- drical, very long, fheathing, rough. Leaf-fcale Pingle ; within the leaf, fheathing, blunt, membranaceous. Panicle very long, bent to each fide ; divifible into lobes. Hufks tiled, tapering to a point ; bellying out upwards, if/o/i. awnlefs. Hues. Straw 2 inches to half a foot high. Leaves in the fmaller fpeci- mens riling above the ftraw. Panicles from i to 4.3 Inches long, whitifh green ; fligbtly tapering upwards : branches ftilF, lying ciofe. Empal. Valves tapering downwards, fcarcely embracing each other ; obliquely lopped, -inverfely triangularly fpear-fhaped, (inverfe deltoidea:) marked on the outfide with 3 ribs ending in very fhort fpit-points, nearly equal, the outermoft rather fmaller. St. Phalaris ^3 III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. "Phalaris phleoideSf Linn, according to Hall. Pollich. and Huds. ; but it is a different plant ; which fee. Pbleum culmo re&o, (^c. Hall. n. 1531. St. Gram. typh. afper. prim. Scheuch. n. 61. St. Meadows below King's Wefton, near Briftol. Newmarket Iheath. [Gogmagog hills, Cambridge. Mr. Woodward. Bourn- fcridge, Cambridgefhire. Mr. Crowe.] - P. Aug. P H L E'U M praten'fe. Empalements ftrap-fhaped, common fringed, lopped, awned. Awns fhort. Schreb. Awns dhorter than the empalement. St. Spike cylindrical, .•very long. Keel of the hulks fringed. Huds. a. Phlenm pratenfe. Spike cylindrical, very long, fringed. Straw grealejt nipright. — Linn. Schreb. 14. r. 2. — C. B. pr. 10. th. 49. i. — H. ox. viii. 4. row 3. land 2. — Jf. B. ii. 472. 2. — Park, up 0. i. — Spike, fej’c. Leers 3. i . — Mils. rufl. v. 1. 1. — Mont. 52. — (Synonyms qfP. pankulatum alfo referred to by Linn, but the defcription oj C. B. ac- cords better with the pankulatum. J Straw bulbous at the bafe. Leers. One Pa/ue of the blofs. cloven, the other entire. Scop. Spike fometiraes 5 inches long. W. Timothy-grafs. — Herd-grafs in N. America.— In paftures, com- anon. P. July. Cows, Horfes, and Goats eat it. Swine refufe it. —Account of it in Mus. rujl. — Dr. Pultney fays, that notwithftanding the cha- radler which this grafs acquired from Le Rocques recommenda- ition, Sheep diflike it ; neither are Cows or Horfes fond of it. — iBut Leers fays, it affords an excellent pafture for Horfes. y. P. prat. Twdofum. Schreb. and Huds. bulbous Phleum nodojum. Spike cylindrical. Straw afcending. Leaves joblique. Root bearing bulbs . Linn. Schreb. 14. 3. 4. and 5. — Barr. 22. i ,• cop. by Pet. ii. gram. ital. 4. I. — FI. dan. 380. — Barr. 53; cop. by Pet. ib. 2. — H. ox. viii. 4. row 3. 3. and row 2. 21. — Barr. 22. 2, cop. by Pet. ib. 3. 16. J. B. ii. 472. I. — Ger. 10. 2 ; repr. in C. B. th. 52, and cop. by Park. 1 170. 3, and J. B. ii. 472. 3. — Dod. 562 ,* repr. in Lob. obs. 10. 1. — Ger. em. 12 ; uppermojl Jig. and cop. by Park. 1170. 2. — nnd 1170. 4? — Spike, &c. Leers 3. 2. f C. B. th. 20. 15 the Alopecurus genic, bulbos. Spike foft, awned. J Very much rcfembles theP. prat, but the Root bulbous, (as is ‘ tC. B.’s fig. of the P. prat.) St. Straw covered by the fheaths of the leaves. Spike fmooth. Tips ’ nvhite. Leaves pointing from oppofite fides of the ftraw ; fmooth ; 1 texcept the edges, which are rough. Li N n. 64 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Root compofed of feveral bulbs, connedled together. Spike rougher, an inch and half long ; in a very dry foil only half an inch, and oval. Florets twice as fmall ; the lowermoft barren and fhrivelling. the fharp points, when the feed is ripe, more bent in. Being tranfplanted into rich land, it became, the year following, the true I%leum pratenfe . Leers. ^ Cultivated in a garden, the Root becomes fibrous, and the Straw upright. Huds. Florets fometimes with 4 fhafts and 4 downy fummits. With. Barren paftures, and road-fides, common. P. July. Aug. mountain PHLE'UM Spike egg-cylindrical. — black.', Linn. ’ FI. dan. 21^. — Scheuch. pr. i. Empal. Valves if line long. Awns i line long. Scheuch. and Jig. of FI. dan. Phleum pratenfe. Said to be found on Craigneulic, above Killin. Light f. P. bearded PHLE'UM crini'tum. Empal. ftrap-fhaped, a little bulging at the bafe ; rough with hair ; awned. Awns hair-like ; very long. Schreb. longer than the em- pal. St. Straw nearly upright. Panicle compact, fpike-like. Husks awned. Awns very long. Huds. Cultivation hath fhewn that Mefirs. Gerard and Gouan have very properly confidered the following as only varieties. Schreb. ; - Alopecurus arijlatus. Gouan. Huds. Blojs. 2 valves ; one broader than the other, and fending out a fhortawn. Ger. prov. and St. ffvjks ftrap-ftiaped, diverging at the points. Awns terminating, very long. £/o/5. very fmall ; awns from the back ; fhort. Huds. Blofs. valves 2 ; outer awned and blunt, with 5 teeth. Awn ex. . panding, ftraight ; an extenfion of the middlemoft tooth, gene' » rally longer than the bloflbm, and often extending beyond tlie - valves of the empalement ; in examining it readily feparating, and > often left behind within the valve of the empalement ; whence, it | is probable, the accurate Scheuchzer was led to defcribe it as | awnlejs. St. • 1. Alopecurus monfpelienfis, which fee. i '' 2. Alopecurus paniceusy which fee. 80. PHAL- III. CHIVES, ILPOINTALS. ^5 8o. PHAL'ARIS. Canary. PI. II. fig. 10. Empal. Hujk 2 valves, including a lingle floret ; com- preffed ; blunt. F^lves boat-fhaped, coinpreffed, keeled, more blunt upwards ; the edges ftraight, parallel, approaching. Bloss. Valves 2, fmaller than the empalement. Outer Valve oblong ; edges rolled in ; tapering to a point. Inner Valve fmaller. Chives. Threads 3, hair-like, fhorter than the erapale- ment. Tips oblong. Point. Seed-bud roundiih. Shafts 2 ; hair-like. Sum- mits woolly. S. Vess. The bloflbm clofely furrounds the feed, like a fhell, without opening. Seed. Single; covered; fmooth; round, buttapering towards each end. Ess. Char. Empal. 2 valves, keeled, e^ual in length, in- clofing the hlojfom. PHAL'ARIS canarien'fis . Panicle egg-fliapjed, fpike- like. Hufks bellying, hairy. Keel fmooth. Huds. Panicle fomewhat egg-fliaped, fpike-like. Hufks keeled. Linn. Ludw. 1 17. — Sckreb. 10. 2. — Math. gig. — Tr ag. 66g. — Ger. 80. I ; repr. in C. B. th. 534. — Dod. 510; repr. by Lob. obs. 26. I ; and Ger. em. 86, and cop. by Park. 1163. i . — J. B. ii. 442. 2. — H. ox. vni. row i. — Spike, Mont. 44, — Fruc- lif. Leers 7.3.# f Barr. g. 2. is the Phalaris buibofd.) Blojs. double, griftly, gloflTy ; valves embracing, keeled : the outer adhering to the inner and feparating along with it from the empale- ment ; valves nearly equal, parallel to, and embracing thofe of the inner ; awl-ftraplhaped, 3 times as narrow and almoft as fhort again, nearly fmooth, membranaceous at the edge : the inner as in the generic defcript. and hairy. — The outer is noticed in this fpecies by Scheuch. who calls it a 4 hufkcd follicle, but I have found It equally prefent, though often very minute, in the bulbofa iparaJoxa and arundinacea, though not in the erucqformis, whigb Linn . obferves has a near affinity to the pafpalum. St. This is a native of the Canary iflands, but now propagates itfelf in Heffe. Linn. Vol. I. manured F Valves 66 fea cat's-tail TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Valves of the empal. with 2 green ribs on each fide, and much larger than the blolTom. Within thefe are 2 other fmall, white, Ikinny valves, not more than half the length of the blolTom. With. Road-fides and uncultivated ground. [New’s-Wood, adjoining to Malvern, Worcefterfh. Mr. Ballard.] A. June. — Sept. It is often cultivated for the fake of the feeds, which are found to be the bell food for the Canary, and other fmall birds. It nou- rifhes the Coccus phalaridis. P H A L'A R I S arena'rla. Panicle oblong-fpeardiaped; fpike-like. Hulks fpear-fhaped, the keel fringed. Huds. confirmed by Mr. MV ooDWAjtD. — Phleum arenarium. Linn, which fee. PHAlj'ARlSpkleoi'des. Panicle cylindrical, fpike- like, fmooth ; here and there \'iviparous. — | FI. dan. 531. — Viviparous fioret, Scheuch. — 2. 5. C. * Spike pale, divifible into lobes. It fo exadlly refembles fome of the Phleums, that it may be eafily miftaken for one of that genus ; I but when you examine the fpike and prefs it with your fingers, it ' feparates, and proves to be a panicle ; and the Hujks are not notched at the end. Floioers different from thofe of the Phleum. It is a kind of intermediate plant between thePhalaris, Phleum, and ! Alopecurus. LiNn. St. A different plant from the Phleum ^ paniculatum of Mr. Hudfon. Mr. Woodward. St. Panicle 2^ ! inches long. Floivers have the habit of thofe of the Phalaris ; none viviparous in the fpeciinen fent by Mr. Woodward ; from I to line long; comprefled ; bowed gently inwards with their fides facing the fpike-ftalk. Empal. Valves ohlongffpezr- : fhaped, keeled, marked with 3 ribs ; edges membranaceous, which, on the fide facing the fpike-ftalk, are feparate to the bafe, and on the outer fide lapping over ; keel roughifh above, and end- ing in fhort, rough, awn-like fpit-points ; theow/er juft fenfibly Ihorter, narrower, and taper-pointed ; the inner between lopped and tapering. Blqfs. half as long as the empalement, betwixt griftly and membranaceous ; awnlels ; not ribbed ; fprinkled with numerous minute dots and a few hairs. A ftiff awn-like thread rifes from the bafe of the inner valve, i-3d of its length, analogous to that of Arwido arenaria. St. Never found any of the florets viviparous. Mr. Woodward. [Firft difcovered in Gr. Brit, by Mr. Woodward and Mr. Crowe, near Swaffham, Norfolk, in 1780.] P. July. Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine refufe it. PHAL'ARIS 6; III. CHIVES, 11. POINTALS. PHAL'ARIS arundina'cea. Panicle oblong, cluf- Reed tered. Hulks egg-fhaped. Keel rough. Hues. Panicle oblong, bellying, large. Linn. Ger. em. 26. 2. jg. — H. dx. viii. 6. 43. ib. 41. — FI. dan. 259. , —Park. 1273. 2. — Ger. 24. repr. in C. B. th. 37. — J. B. ii. 476. 2. 0. — C. B. th. 92, pqffibly a var. — Branch of the pd- .nkk, &c. Leers y. 3. — Floret, Mmt. gg. — ("Ger. 21. 12, repr. in C. B. th. 94, and cop. by Ger. em. 8. 3, Park. 1 181. r, and J. B. ii. 481. I ; and alfo Lob. adv. 3; are not the plant; and Ger. 7. 2, repr. in C. B. th. is the Poa aquadca.) Fhofe marked (3 are figures of a var. to be met with in our gardens, with Jlriped leaves, which indeed has not been found in a wild Jiate in Gr. Brit, but differsfrom the other only in colour. Leaves broad, fcored ; panicle nearly egg-ftiaped. Linn. Values of the empal. with 2 ribs on each fide, and not much longer than the bloflbm. Valves of the blofs. hairy at the edges, and funiilhed with a fmall, fletider, hairy appendage on each fide. Wi t h. Outer valve oi the bloflbm not rolled in. Mr. Hollefear. Haller calls it an Arundo ; but in that genus the bloflbm is Angle. St. Banks of 'rivers. P. July. Aug. It is ufed to thatch ricks or cottages, and lafls much longer than ftraw. In the province of Scandia they mow it twice a year, and their cattle eat it. Linn. It is of a hard texture, and cattle are not fond of it. Schreb. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Swine refufe it. B Leaves more of a fea-green. Ray 5»n. p. 400. k. i. "fea-green Sea-coaft of Jerfey, and near Lhanperis. There is a cultivated variety of this in our gardens with beauti- fully ftriped leaves. The ftripes are generally green and white ; but foraetimes they have a purpllfh caft. This is commonly called Painted Lady-grafs, or Ladies Traces. F 2 8^. MILTUM. 68 TRtANDRiA DIGYNIA. 85. M I L'l U M. Millet. PI. II. fig. II. Empal. Hujk 2 valves iiiclofmg a fmgle floret. Valves e^-fhaped, tapering to a point, nearly equal. Bloss. 2 valves, fmaller than the empalement. Valves 'egg-lhaped ; l larger than the other. Chives. Threads^; hair-like; very (hort. Tips oblong. Point. Seedfcwd roundifh. Shafts 2; hair-like. Summits pencil-fhaped. S. Vess. The bloffom inclofes the feed, which is very fmooth. Seed. Single, covered, roundifh. Ess. Char. Empal. 2 valves, containing i floret. Blofs. very Jhort. Summits pencil-Jkaped. Obs. Bloffom in the M. ejfufum nearly as long as the empalment. St. t Panick . Mlh'lV M lendig'erum. Panicle fpike-like. Flotvers with awns. — Schreb. 2^.^. — PluL 33. 6. — Gouan. hort. i. 2. p. 38 bad, (H. ox. viii. 3. 12. is not the plmit.)— Branch of the panicle, Scheuch. 3. II. C. Straw oblique. Panicle fpear-fhaped. Hujks bellying out at the bate; valuei unequal. £lo/s. veryfhort, egg-ftiaped, awned ; awn from below the point, as long as the hulk. Huds. Blofs. valves 2, unequal, the fmaller almoft imperceptible without a glafs. Mr. Woodward. Seed contained in the bellying part of the empalement. Gouan. Empal. valves egg-fpearfhaped, below compreffed and gloffy, above keeled, keel rough. Blofs. membranaceous, hairy at the bafe and fides ; outer valve oval, generally awned, hollow, (lightly cloven at the end, twice as broad as the other ; inner egg-fpear- fhaped, as long as the outer, thinner, notched at the end, marked longitudinally with 2 lines, one terminating in each tooth. Awn generally even with the empal. but fometimes longer, bent alide obliquely about half-way up, inferted at the back of the outer valve at the bottom of the cleft yellowifh brown ; above white. Seed oval, flatted, fmooth, amber coloured. In its ftmAure it is an Avena, and totally different from tlie Milium effufum. St. Alopecurus ventricofus. Hu d s . Meadows and paftures. Ifle of Sheepey plentifully. [Cornfields, Gillingham, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.] A. Aug. Sept. MILTUM III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 69 MIL'IUM Flowers without awjis, in feat- foft tered panicles. — Curt.iv. 43. H. ox. viii. 5. 10. Ger. 6. i, repr. in C. B. th. 141, and cop. by Park. 1 153. i. — Portion of the panicle. Leers 8. 7. — Scheuch. 3. 6. — Floret. Mont. 61. fDod. 561. 2, cop. in Ger. em. 6. i,Jeems to be a different plant.) B/q/i. fomewhat cartilaginous, glolTy. Hall. St. like that of the Phal. arund. but no hairs at the bafe, and not keeled; juft ftiorter than the empalement. St. Millet Grafs. Wet woods, common. [Frequent in Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.] A. June. July. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. 86. AGRO'STIS. Bent. PI. II. fig. 12. Empal. Hujk 2 valves, inclofing i floret, tapering to a point, fomewhat fmaller than the bloflbm. Bloss. 2 valves, tapering to a point, one Fii/ye larger than the other. Chives, ‘threads three ; hair-like; longer than the blofs. tips forked. Point. Seedbud rormdifh. Shafts 2; refle6led, woolly. Summits fet lengthways with ftifF hairs. S. Vess. The Bloflbm adheres to the feed without open- ing. Seed. Single ; cylindrical, but tapering towards each end. Ess. Char. Empal. 2 valves, containing i floret; fomeiejhat fmaller than the bloflbm. Summits longitudinally rough z&itk hairs. Linn. Etnpal. 2 equal, pointed valves, containing r floret. Blofs. 2 unequal valves fmaller than the empal. Summits feathered. Huds. St. Oes . The A. capillaris has only one petal, and therefore ought rather to be confidered as a fpecies of Alopecurus. Scop. This is an artificial genus. A.fpicaventi, interrupta, miliacea, and bromoides, have the ftrudlure of Bromus ; canina and arundinacea of Avena. The laft Hall. Scop, and Wigg. have referred to Arundo, but not to mention the bent awn, the hairinefs at the bafe of the blofs. is much lefs than in feveral of the fpecies of Avena. St. * With Awns. * The A. ftolonifera, alba, and pumila are fometimes awned. St. F 3 AGRO'- 70 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. j fdky AGRO'STIS fpkaven'tir Awn ftraight, ftiff, very | long, fixed to the outward petal. Panicle expanding. ; Linn. Awn inferted juft below the point of the petal. St. FU dan. 853. — fH. ox. viii. 5, rmn. 2. 3, St.) J. B. ii. 462. , I.- — Ger, 5. 2, repr. in C. B. tk. 35, i^c. is the Aira ccefp. though C. B.'s defer, is undoubtedly that of the AgroJl.Spicav. — Branch of \ the panicky Leers 4. 1. Sckeuch 3.10. (Mont. 62 is not owned.) Haller calls it an Avena, but improperly, according to his own definition of that genus. See obf. on the Genus. Emp. valves ■ roughifh towards the points. Grows amongft corn, and is equally liable to the fmutt. St, Sandy fields, very frequent. A. June. — ^Aug. Horfes and Goats eat it. Sheep refufe it. b'own AGRO'STIS cani'na. Empalements elongated. Awn from the back of the petal, bowed back. Straws trailing, fomewhat branched. Linn. Panicle expand- ing. Bloffom bare, one of the valves twice as long ! as the other, awned. Awn from the back ftraightifh. i Huds.* Branch of the panicle. Leers q.. 2. (FI. dan. iCi. and Scheueh. g. C. is the A. Jlolonifera with awns.) Panicle moftly elongated ; its branches compadl ; of a Ihining purplifh hue ; , more obfervable at a diftance than quite clofe. Empal. coloured. Aw^ briftle-fhaped, white, twice the length of the floret, ftraight, marked in the middle with a brown knot, /'/oweri roughifh. Linn. Pam’c/e compadl; when in flower fpread- ing, of a violet purple, fhining ; at length pale. Evipal. outer valve roughifh towards the point. Bhfs. back rough. Aum from the middle of the back twilled, w'hite, ftraight, as long again as the bloflbm, at length bent back at a brown knot. (See X iq the fig.) Blqfs. inner valve often wanting, and when prefent exceed- ingly minute. Leers, If the aim is uniformly marked with a | brown knot I have never feen the A. canina, and from Mr. Hudfon’s s new charaefter it fhould feem that his canina is a different plant ■ from that of Leers and Linn. Sr. Awns fometimes wanting. Curt. St. ♦ Mr. Hudfqn comprehends under this newcharaAer the following as varieties. ^ RootJeaves thread-Ihaped. Stem-leaves flat. Straw nearly upright. Huns, f Agrojiis alpina var. i. which fee. y Leaves briftle-fhaped, ftiff, fea-green. Straw upright. Huns. j Agrcjiii alpha "var 2. whicli fee. j Obs. In 0 liowever tiie panicle is clofe, the bloffom hairy at the bafe, inner j valve exceedingly m'nute, and the awn bent aflde at an angle, St. Cram III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 71 (Gram, paniculat. fupin. ad. 6fc. Scheuch. p. 141,- ^ndAgroJlts canina. Sc HViKB . fpicileg. Pollich. and Huds. appear to me to be the awned var. of the A. Jlolonjfera. St.)* Meadows, paftures, and moiftifh heaths. P. July. Aug. Cows and Horfes eat it. AGRO'ST IS alpi'na. Leaves briflle-fhaped. Str^w mountain upright. Awn bent at an angle, inferted juft above the bafe of the bloflbm. Bloflbm hairy at the bafe. Sx.f Scheuch, pr. 4. i. — Florets, Scheuch. 2. Q- A. B. (FI. dan. 161. appears to he the A. canina. Leaves Jlrap-Jhaped. Flowers not a line long. Awn from the middle of the back. Blofs. no hift of hairs at the bafe. J 1 . plant rough all over from a number of minute points directed rough upwards. Panicle clofe, even when in flower, 2 inches long. Empal. valves keeled ; the outer f to nearly 1 2-3rds line long; the inner i ^ long. Blofs. I line long : outer valve lopped and torn at the end, a tuft of hair at the bafe on the inner fide ; inner valve exceedingly minute, the length of the feed-bud, egg-fhaped, pointed. Awn nearly twice as long as the bloflom, extending from x to ^ line be- yond the empalement ; below the flexure twifted. St. Dryifh heaths. Hl'ds. Gram. parv. paniculat. ££fc. Scheuch./). 140. A.vena mcnantha paniculata, gluma, fs’c. Hall. hijl. n. 1477. .Agrofiis alpina. Scop. cam. Ed. 2. n. 86, and Germ, fynon. i. 198. Agrojlis canina. 0. Hues. 2. Leaves fmooth. Panicle fpreading. From Schevch. Panicle fmooth I — I i inch. P/oaim very thinly fcattered, i . line long, or fome- what more. Awn extending i — line beyond the empal. Scheuch. ^Grarn. paniculat. capillac. tSc. Scheuch. p. 141. n. 2.‘ Avena monantha paniculata, fol. Hall. hijl. n. 1478. Argrojlis canina y. Huds. * In no genus of the GrafTes are the fpecies fo ill afeertained as in the Agroftis, and no wonder, when a circumftance which I have Ihewn to be fo inconftant, as the abfence or prefence of the awn of the blolTom, has been fixed upon as a primary mark of diftindion. To fupply this lofs I would recommend that par- ticular attention be paid to the open or'chfed ftate in which the valvet of the empalement are found immediately after the ihedding of the duft and the ripen- ing of the feed, and allb whether the flotuen are fcailered or clujlered, (fparfi or congefti.) St. + AGROSTIS alpina, foliis fetaceis, culmo ereflo; arifta recurva, bait corollae ipferta ; corolla bafi pilofa. St. F4 This 72 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. This ar\d aifo var. i. being trlnfplanted.into a moiftifh foil, be- catne the /I. canm. Hods. But I cabnot perceive any appear- ance of the brown knot defcribed by Linn, and figured by Leers in the A. canina.- Haller defcribes them both, and alfo the A. cdnina as fpecies of Avena, with which genus they correfpond in habit as well as in ftrudlure. St. Dry mountainous heaths. Half Down near Exeter, and other places in Devonihi re. Huns. Jhort owned AGRO'STIS , vinea'lts, Empalements coloured . Awn from the back of the blolTom, almoft as long as the empalement. Straws afcending. Schreb. Awn nearly ftraight, from below the middle of the back. St. Scheuck. 3. 9. D. £. awns much longer than dejcribed. Differs from the A. canina in having flowers twice as long. Anns in general not longer than the empalement, but fometimes they projetfl as much as a line beyond. Flowerf fometimes awmlefs. It varies in the breadth of its leaves, the heighth of the Jlraw, and the fhape of its panicle. The fize of its Jiowers is the only circumflance that is conftant. Approaches very near to the Agrojlis capillaris. Schreb. Panicle clofe, from 3 to 5 inches long. Empal. outer t/aiue I j line long, juft perceptibly longer than the inner; lower part of the back brownifh purple, edges and upper part yellowifh brown ; keels befet above with rough points. Blofs. juft fhort of I line in length, befet w'ith exceedingly minute rough points; marked with 4 ribs, and a few hairs at the bafe. Awn hair-like; moftly ftraight, white, i line long, and fcarcely even with the point of the bloffom, but more rarely i line long, yellowdfh, and juft fenflbly bent afide at the bafe, fometimes inferted ^ way be- tween the middle and the bafe. St. Gramen canin. vinedle. Scheuch. gram. 143. n. i. Avena vionanlha, panicula fparfa, (9’c. Hall. hlft. n. 1481. Agrojlis vinealis. Schreb. gram. ii. p. 37, and fpicileg. p. 47. Germ, fyhoh. i. p. 206. Specimens from Dr. Withering’s herbarium, gathered in the N. of England, place unknown. St. ■■Vsit Pl^ithoilt Awns. creeping AGRO'STIS Jlolonifera. Without awns. Lelfer branches of the panicle expanding. Straws creeping. Empaletnents equal. — Ger. em. 26. 1. cop. by Park. 1174. 4. and Jf. B. ii. 480. i. — 'Ger. 24. I. repr. in C. B. 13. — Part of the pSnicle, Leers 4. 6. ( FI. dan. 564, can hardly be d var. (f this, as the valves of the blofs. 73 III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. blofs. are nearly equal. — y. B. ii. 459. i. is a var. according to Haller. — H. ox. viii. 2. 7. not the plant.). Panicle fcattered, about 3 inches long. Empal. fliort of a line in length. Bbjs. fomewhat fhorter than the empalement. Scheuch. 5t. Panicle ftraddling, with but few flowers. Prail-jlartialmoftfiner •:han a hair, horizontal, ftraight. Pedicles waved, ftraddling. Wlowers the fmalleft of our fpecies, whitifh. Empal. valves nearly equal. Leers. St. Panicle at firft contradled. Pollich. fifo/}. outer valve fometimes awned. Awn from above the bafe, livhere eten with the point of the empalement bent alide, generally w\Vice as long as the bloffom, whitilh, but in fome of the flowers -■ery Ihort, and fcarccly difcemable. In this ftate it is defcribedby authors under the following titles : Gram, paniculat.fupin. ad. &c. Scheuch. p. 141, which Linn, has cferred to the A. canina. Agroftis canina. Pollich. St. Straw fhorter than the root-leaves. Sheath of the upper leaf bel- 1 ying out. P/orocrs roughifh. Linn. from a Ipan to a foot ligh. Straxi!-leaves rough, Avith points directed upwards. Empal. Tiort of a line in length. Scheuch. St. panicle loofe, ftraddling, with but few flowers. Fruit-Jlalks hah- ike, horizontal, ftraight. Pedicles fhort, Avaved, ftraddling. Leers. St. Is it a var. of the A. alba, or of the capillaris? Leers. A . polymorpha ftolonljera . H u d s . Moiftilh meadows and pafturcs, but not common. CoAvs, Horfes, and Sheep eat it. P. Aug. (4 Leaves long and very narroAv. narrow leaved A. polymorpha t. Huns. Shady thickets. June. July. $ Leaves narrow, but fhorter than the former. Panicle much fine Tpread. Flowers very fmall. A. Polymorpha Huds. Greemvich Park. P- July. AGRO'STIS ca^i/Zu'm. Panicle very (lender. Em- fne palements arvl-fhaped, equal ; a little rough with hair ; coloured. Bloffoms Avithout awns. — Mus. rujl. iv. 2. 10. a panicle out of blojfom. — FI. dan. 1C3. — • Stillingf. panicle , out of hlojfom. — Branch the Panicle, Leers 4. 3. (but is not this the A. canina without (cwns?) Scheuch 3. 5. B. — Floret, Mont. 64, (H. ox. viii. 5. row. 2. 3. is agrofl. fpi. coi/’enti.J Fruit-Jlalh TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Fruit-Jlalks very fine. "No fuckers. Linn. Ttpj yellow. Hujksof j the empaJ. light red, with white edges. Moench. hlofs. inner valve very minute. Mr. Hollefear. More than twice as fiiort as the outer. St. Sometimes awned. Curt. /i . polymorpha capillaris. Huds. Paftu res and road fides, very. common. P. Aug. AGRO'STIS fylvat'ica . Panicle compaft ; without , awns. Blofs. equal to the empalement; Ihorter before , flowering; afterwards twice as long. Hjuds. Panicle compaft ; without awns. Empalements equal ; Ihorter than the bloflbm before flowering ; but afterwards twice as long. Linn. (Fi. T)an. yoi. is armed.) ' Approaches very nearly to the A. Jlolonifera and capilkris.'' Paniclt expanding, purplifh brown. Flowers fpear-fhapei, fome fcarcely a line long, others more than 3 lines in length. In the fmaller 1 ones the mp.a/cment is longer than the bloflbm , in the larger it is , half as fhort again. Pollich. Agrojiis polymorpha Jylvatica. Huds. j Ray j^n. 404. 13. is referred by Linn, to this fpecies and alfo j to the arundinacea. St. j Moiflifb woods. Bifliops Wood near Hamptlead. P. Aug. AGRO'STIS al'ba. Panicle loofe. Einpal. equal; without awns. Straw' creeping. — A. ox. viii. 6. row. i. 27. — Lower part of the panicle, Leers 4. 5. fRaill. 17. 5. is an aira.) Stern ftriking root at the joints, roughifh. Linn, violet colour. , of the empal. green. Mcench. Panicle-branches clofely befet with flowers immediately from their bate. ScHEUCH. Pollich. St. Strowi 2 to 3 feet high. Panicle . 6 inches long; between contradled and open. . Fruit-Jlalks numer- ous, rather upright. Pedicles very fhort, ftraddling. Florets very numerous, clofely crowded round the bafe of the fniit-ftalks, giving the appearance of whorls. Leers. St. Sometimes awned. Curt. Empal. valves while in blofs. 1 line long, and fomewhat longer than Obs. . Pollich propofes to combine the 5 preceding fpecies under the com- mon name of canina-, and Hudson has aftually difpofed the 4 laft as varieties of what he thus charafterizes, and calls A GRO'STIS Panicle expanding. Keel of the empalement rough. Blofibm avvnlefs, one of the valves very fhort. Huds. St, III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 75 than the blofTom ; when out of blofibm long and half as long again as the bloflTom ; the outermoft juft perceptibly longer. jB/q/5. 2-3ds of a line long; outer value fometimesawned. hair- like, white, ftraight, from below the point of the valve, and juft riling beyond it. St. A var. of the capillaris. Hall and Leers. Panicle coarfer and thicker; leaves larger and firmer; Jlowers larger and thicker, greener, and with a paler tinge of purple than thofe of Ae A. Jlolmifera and capillaris. Pollich. St. Gram, alpin. panicula, &c. Scheuch. p. 131. St. Agrqjlis polymorpha palufiris. Hu d s . 1. Panicle brown. Pet. cone. n. 118. brown 2. Panicle green, lb. 119. green Ditches and marfhes frequent. , P. July. AGRO'STIS pu'miia. Panicle awnlefs, pointing dwarf oneway. Straws upright ; in bundles. — Lightf. ii. fronlifpiece. Poofs numerous. S/roiw fmooth ; 2 inches high, leafy. Leaves like thofe from the roots, a little turned in at the edges: the ftieaths fcored. Panicle greatly expanded : moftly. pointing one way. Flacaers coloured, awnlefs, taper-pointed. Seeds rather large. It grows promifeuoufly with the A.Jlolonifera, but differs from that in being only half as large, in its panicle being lefs upright and point- ing more in one direeftion : it grows likewife more matted toge- ther. LiffteJruif-JlaZir bent different ways, but not waved. Linn. Sfra3;s feveral from 1 root, from li to 3 inches high. Leaves from -k to I line broad. Flowers generally purplifh brown. Empal. keel rough Scheuch. St. 6’frate;s upright, fcarcely bowed at the bafe. Leaves downwards rough. Flowers bellying, fomewhat more than i line long. Pollich. St. Straw fometimes only I inch high. Empal. valves from 2-3rds to f line long, oblong- fpear-fhaped, pointed, the outer juft perceptibly longer than the inner. Blofs. valves 2, the outer valve line long, fometimes awned, and when this is the cafe generally all the flowers are awned. Azm from belowthe middle, extending beyond the point of the valve, towards the end (lightly bowed afide. Seed-bud in all the fpecimens examined difeafed, as large ^s the bloffom, and full of a chocolate coloured powder. St. A. polymorpha pumila. Huns. [Yarmouth Denes. Mr. V/oodward.j P* AGRO'STIS min'ima. Panicle thread-fliaped; with- fmall out awns. Linn, or rather bunch fpike-like. St. FI. cx. 76 water TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. H. ox. viii. 2. row. 3. 10. — C. B. th 26. — J. B. ii. 465. 4. — Bunch. Scheuch. 1.7./. (H. ox. viii. 5. row. 3. 16, jj a djffe- ■ rent plant.) Straw flender, and very fhort. It flowers in the fpring. Linn. Straw thread-fhaped, often twifled as the awn of the avena. Empal. 1 valves lopped at the end. Blofs. a fmall flock-like fubftance, hairy, and feparable into feveral bundles of fine white threads ; much fhorter than the erapalement. St. Wales. Difcovered by Stillingfleet. A. July. 87. A ' I R A. Hairgrafs. PI. II. fig. 15. Empal. Hujk 2 valves, containing 2 florets. Valves be- twixt egg and fpear-fhaped, equal, fharp. Bloss. 2 valves, refembling thofe of the empalement. No rudiment of a flower betwixt the florets. Chives. Threads three ; hair-like; as long as the bloflbm. Tips oblong; forked at each end. Point. Seed-bua egg-fhaped. Shafts 2 ; briftly ; expand- ing. Summits downy. S. Vess. None. The bloffom inclofes and adheres to the feed. Seed. Nearly egg-fhaped; covered. Ess. Char. Empal 2 valves, containing 2 florets; without the rudiment of a third hetxveen them. Obs. The number of florets not conftant. Reich. This is an artificial genus ; thofe without awns have the ftruc- ture of PoA, and thofe with awns that of Avena. St. Chermes graminis is founded on the different Ipecies. Linn. I * Without Azais. A'l R A aquat'ica. Panicle expanding. Florets with- out awns, fmooth, longer than the empalement. Leaves flat. — Curt. n. lo.fafc. i. — Vaill. 17. 7. dimmjked. Leaves too pointed. — Floret, Mont. 60. — (FI. dan. ^81. not the plant, or very ill done.) Perhaps merely a var. of a Boa. Linn. £7npa/ment fometimes containing 3 bloffoms. Leoues blunt. St. Sfrace/ with two joints. Scop. B Diftans. Huns. Poa dijlans, which fee. In III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 77 In dry fituations the mpal. fometimes contain 5 florets, tlie flo- manyflowered ; rets very remote. Schreb, Banks of rivers. P. June. July. It has a fweet tafte. Cows are very fond of it. Horfes and ! Sheep eat it. lyiiJi /Izons. A'IRA ccejpito'fa. Leaves flat. Panicle expanding, turjy I Petals woolly and awned at the bafe. Awn ftraight, i (hort. — H. ox viii. 5. raw. 3. 17. Leaves well done. "Panicle unexpanded. (C. B's. defer, of the A. ccefp. tranjeribed.) — H. ox. ib. row. 2. r. Panicle haf expanded. Leaves flaccid injlead of Jliff. ("Defer, a new one of the A. ccefp. J — Ger. 5. i. repr. in C. B. th. 34. 2. ("his defer, that of the agrojl. fp'icav.) and cop. by Park. 1158. 2. Ger. em. 5. i. Panicle expanded ; its habit tolerably expreffed. Leaves as the 2nd fyn. of the H. ox. Ger. 5. 2. repr. in C. B. th. 35. ( defer, that of the aira ccefp. J cop. by Park. 1158. 3. — Dod. 561. I . repr. in Ger. em. 5. 2. cop. by J. B. ii. 461. 3. are the plant before it comes into flower, when as Lightf. jujlly obferves the branches f the panicle lean all one way. Crowded branches of the panicle reprefented as little fpikes. — FI. dan. 240. the feparate pani- cle, as well as the whole plant fo diminijhed that the refemblance is quite loft, though the magnified florets and feB'ion of the leaf fhew it to be the plant. — Branch of the panicle, t^c. Leers 4. 8. Scheuch. 5. 2. and 3. /laTr ftraight, Mcench, Leers, St. not extending beyond the foloifom, Mcznch. — juft longer. Leers. — generally Ihorter, St. iLower floret bare at the bafe ; the upper hairy at the bafe, on a ffmit-ftalk, ivhich lengthening out raifes the floret above the point of the empalement. In moift meadows it fometimes produces 3 and ^florets in an empalement. Leers. Empal. upper valve fome- nvhat longer and broader. Mr. Hollefear. Panicle hrge, o£ z. daeautiful purple filky appearance. Mr. Dickenson. Both florets hairy at the bafe. Fruitflalk a fecond proceeding from the bafe of the iupper floret; both hairy, and when the plant is in bloflbm half a.s Jong as -the floret. — In ftruAure it comes neareft to the agrojlis ojinealis. St. vivifara. Panicle viviparous. Lightf. p. 1082. viviparous Highland mountains. Oeft. iMoift meadows and woods. P. June. Aug. It is very apt to grow in tufts and occafion irregularities in the fur- Iface of meadows. Cows, Goats, and Swine eat it. Horfes are not fond of it. A'IRA. 78 heath mountain TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA A'lR A fexuo fa. Leaves like briftles. Straws almoft naked. Panicles diverging. Fruit-ftalks zigzag. Linn. Panicle expanding. Florets hairy at the bafe ; awned. Awn twihed, longer than the blols. Huds. Sckreb.^o. — Fl.dan. 157. — Scheuch.pr.6. i. — H. ox. viiLy. row g. — Branch of the panicle, &c. Leers 5. i. — Floret, Mont. 74. bad. (f. B. ii. 509. p,. not the plantt) Florets with a twifted awn as long as the blofs. fixed to the outer fide of the bafe of the petal. Linn. Flowers brownifh purple or greenifh. Huns. on a very fhort frult-ftslk; both hairy at the bafe. Ara from above the bafe, twifted, bcntafide, fome- what longer than the bloftbm. Leers. St. Heaths, woods, and barren paftures. [ Rocky Moors in the North. Mr. Woodward. ] P. July. Aug. Horfes, Cows, and Sheep eat it. A 'I R A monia'na. Leaves like briftles. Panicle flen- der and compaft. Florets hairy and awned at the bafe. Awn twifted and longer. Linn. Panicle upright, point- ing nearly one way. Huds. (Mr. H. Jhould have added, fruit-Jlalks zigzag. See his defeription. St.) Scheuch. (J. Jac.) itin. p. 455. /. 15. cop. in Sckeuch. pr. 4. 4. — StiUng. 4. — ^Branch of the panicle, (S’c. Leers 5. 2. Florets, Scheuch. 16. A. B. C. (Floret, Mont. yg. not awned. J Differs from the^exaq/a, with which it exadlly agrees in habit, only in the blofigm, being hairy at the bafe. Gerard, prov. but the fiexuofa is fo alfo. Sec Scheuch. Leers. Schreb. and Huds. (St.) My fpecimens are undoubtedly only varieties of the fexuofa. Leers and St. Root-leaves longer, upright. Straws incor- porated, purple. Rankle more elegantly and fully coloured. Fruit-Jlalks ftrajght, not undulated. Flowers more numerous. Empalemenls while in flower more widely expanded. Florets more hairy at the bafe. Awns longer. Leers. The fexuofa is the fame plant, only more fully grown. Hall and Wiggers. Root perennial, fibrous. Straws mnny, from 6 to 18 inches high; rather upright, cylindrical, fmooth ; with 2 or 3 joints. Root-leaves immerous in bundles, ftiff, briftly, naked, fea-green. Stem-leaves 2 or ^ ; ftiff, expanding, on leaf-ftalks, edges turned in fo that they appear like briftles, Lecf- falk very long, cylindrical, fheathing, feored, naked. Propi within the leaves ; upright, fharp, membranaceous, permanent. Rankle {lender, upright, but i rowTd ; compaeft, branched : its branches zigzag, rough. Little /pikes of 2 florets, one fitting, the other on a fruit-ftalk. hairy, Empal. 2 equal valves, oblong, rather fharp, concave, naked, purplilh; longer than the bloffom. Blojs. 2 \'^ives, III.. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 79 2 valves, oblong, equal, concave, fharp, fmooth. Outer valve awned at the bafe. Awns twice as long as the blolTom, bent at its middle. CAii/w. Threads 3, hair-like, ftiort. Tipj halberd-fhaped , Durple. Summits woolly. Huds. High heaths and fandy paftures. [Salt Marflies, Norf. Mr. Woodward.] P, July. Aug. Sheep are extremely fond of it. 8 Setacea. Awms twice as long as the florets. Huds. fmall-Ieaved [Stratton Heath, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe.] ATRA canef'cens. Leaves briftle-fhapeci. Florets as grey " ort again as the empalement, the uppermofl on a Fruit- ilk. Awns club-fhaped at the end, and about the mid- e encircled with fmall teeth. St.* Leaves briftle- aped. Panicle clofe, upright. Florets awned, asflioit ain as the empalement. Huns. Leaves brill le-fhaped, e upperinoft; (heath-like, inclohng the panicle below. I.\N. Lob. adv. alt. 466. i. cop. hyj. B. ii. 463. 2. Awns encompafled vvith little teeth in the middle part, brown d thick below, butwhitifli, flender, and fomewhat club-fhaped Dve. After flowering the panicle rifes higher out of the flieath ; Fore flowering it refembles a fpike. This is paler than moft other ifles, and from thatcircumflancemaybediftinguifhed at firft light. NN. Poet fibrous. SfruH/sfeveral, i a foot high, flanting, fmooth. ares rough ; rooNfeares bundled, ftiff, fea-green ; //em-/eaycs up- ;ht, pointed, rolled in. Leaf-Jlalks rough, cylindrical, fheathing, Doft as long as the joint ; the uppermofl; (heath -like, incloling ; patiiclc below. Panicle oblong. valves equal, oblong, inted, keeled, keels rough. Blofs. valves unequal, oblong, How, rather pointed, fmooth ; oiUer one awned. Aim from the iddle as long as the empalement. Huds. Florets hairy at the fe. Awn twilled below. Sj. Cows and Goats eat it. When ung it affords a good pallure for Sheep. Gi.e ditch. Sandy Ihores. [Yarmouth Denis. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. Aug. A'l R A freeVov. Leaves briftlc-fhaped. Sheaths an- early liar. Flowers in a fpike-like panicle. Florets awned the bafe. Linn. Panicle contrafted. Wiggers. Av'n om between the bafe and the middle. Florets fitting. St. • Folli.i fetaceis; flofeulis calyce duplo brevloribus, fuperiore pedunculate i iftis fuperne clavat.'s, medio deiiticulis cin^is. St. Curt. 8o Jllver TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.. Curl. iii. n. 25. — FI. dan. 383. — Pbik. 33. 9, middle panicle the onl^ one well done. — Ray 22. 2, awns too Jhort. — Floret, Mont. 80. bad. Nearly allied to the A. canejcen^, but fraaller, being one of the fmalleft of the grafles. Barren fands, common. A. May. June. A'IRA caryophylle'a. Leaves briftle-fhaped. Panicle ftraddling. Flowers diftant, awned. Linn. Panicle 3-forked. Flowers diverging. Huns. Florets fitting. St. FI. dan, 382. — H. ox. viii. 5. roK/3. 1 1 . — Stiling. 5. — Scheuch. iterii. 18. 2.— Barr. 4. i . — Branch of the panicle, Scheuch. 4. 15. — Floret, Mont. 81. bad. fC. B. pr. not the plant. Leaves broad, panicle too large in proportion to the Jlraw. — Leers 7. 5. one of the florets on afruit-Jlalk, not our plant at leaft, or that of Scheuch. though that of Royeti, alfo referred to by Linn.) Aims from above the bafe, and a little below the middle of the outer valve of the blofs. F/ore/5 both fitting. Scheuch. Pollich. and St. Panicle at firft contradled, afterwards diverging, and at length ftraddling. Pollich. St. 2. Sometimes only one of the florets awned. Scheuch. Gram, panicidat. pur puro, Gfc. Scheuch. 233. i. 4./. 23, (not22.) Sandy paftures, frequent. [On the beach at Loweftoff, Suffolk, and elfewhere. Mr. Woodward.] A. July. 88. M E L ' I C A. Melic. PI. II. fig. 16. Em PAL. Hufk 2 valves, containing i or 2 florets. Valves egg-fhaped, concave ; nearly equal. Bloss. Two valves. Fa/m egg-fliaped ; without awns ; one concave, the other flat. Betwixt the 2 florets there is a fmall fubftance. Chives. I'hreads 3 ; hairlike as long as the bloflbm. T^ips oblong, forked at each end. Point. Seedbud betwixt egg and turban-fliaped. Shafts 2; like bridles; expanding. Summits oblong’, woolly. S. Vess. None, the bloflbm inclofes the feed until it ripnes. Seed. Single, egg-fliaped. Ess. Char. Bloj's. 2 valves, containing (\ or) 2 florets, xvith an imperfebl floret betzvixt them. Obs. The of a third floret Handing upon a little fruit- ftalk betwixt the other two florets, gives the effential chamAer of this III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. this genus. It confifts of two rudiments, or florets; lopped; alter- nate. The hulks rolled fpirally inwards and pellucid. Linn. — When there is only one Jloret in each empal. this rudiment is found betwixt the bloflbm and the inner valve of the empal. Wi th. MEL'ICA uniflo'ra. Panicle with few flowers. Em- ivood palements containing 2 florets, 1 with chives and point- als, the other without either. Retzius obf. i. n. 9. St. — Valves of the empalement pointed. St. — Petals not ;fringed. Panicle nodding; branches pointing one way. “mpalement containing i floret. Huds. H. ox. viii. 7. 49. — Mr. Woodward. St. — Lob. adv. alt. 465. I. cop. in J. B. ii. 434, and Park 1151. 3. Straw thread-like, ( flender St. ) 3, ( 4 ) fquare, fmooth. Sheaths (f tAe kai/es hairy at the brim. Panicle, lower fruit-ftalks 2, (fometimes i, or 3,) one of them Ihorter, generally bearing 1 'ower ; the upper ones Angle, (or 2 together. St.) Empal. outer •^innerj valve larger, egg-fhaped, (oblong) hollow, (with 5 ribs;) rhe inner ( outer ) fpear-lhaped, with 3 ribs. Floret with cMves andr oointals fitting ; outer valve embracing the inner ; edges of the innef membranaceous, reflected, (folded inwards) ; the barren one of 2 waives. Often grows along with the nutans, but truly diftindl. (In -his part of England we have not the nutans.) In more than a thou- "and fpecimens there was not i panicle truly Ample, or a Angle empal. that contained 2 perfect florets, and being cultivated in a garden for 3 years, it remained unchanged. Re tz. and St. — Sheaths 'the leaves pubefeent, with the points of the hairs directed down- wards, but not rough to the hand pafled upwards. Panicle flender, with a gentle flanting curvature. Fruit-Jlalks ftraight. Flowers upright. ^lofs. griftiy, of a pale greenilh tinge, about the length of the inner alveofthe empalement; valves ohlong, blunt; theoMlerfmooth, not :;lony, with 7 obfolete ribs at unequal diftances ; the inner nicked, and pubefeent at the end, with 2 AifF ribs. Little /pike of neutral Hnrets, inverfely egg-fhaped, between the blofTom and the inner .. alve of the empalement, together with its fniit-ftalk as long as the wloffom, compofed of the rudiments of 3 and even 4 florets, each ronfifting of 2 membranaceous valves fimilar in fhape to thofe of the' erfetfl floret ; each fupported on a fmit-ftallc of its own, rifing worn the bafe of the inner valve of the lafl rudiment ; and each as mall again as the floret below it. No chives or pointals in any of em. Conjedtured it to be a var. of the nutans, and called it M. tans unijlora. Defcribed by Ray fyn. p. 403. n. 6. and poflibly by cheuch. p. 173. n. 2.— Its bellying valVes, the griftiy texture of its loffom, its ribbed empalement, and its habit, combine to point Vol. I. G out 81 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. out an affinity between our 2 fpecies and the Milium effufum. St. May 18. 74. and Aug. 10. 76. — Empal. valves hrown, with a tinge of purple; outer narrower, egg-fpear-fhaped, juft fhorter than the filoftbm ; inner pblong, generally longer than the bloflbna. Blofs. valves oblong, cartilaginous ; outer fmooth, marked on the outfide with 6 ribs, tJie middle ones but juft perceptible ; inner nearly as long as the outer; lateral ribs pubefcent. — Habit very different from that of thenufani. St. —Empal. outer valve a fize fmaller than the mier valve. Panicle after flowering nearly upright. With.' NIelicd nutans. H u d s . Woods and hedges, not uncommon. P. May to Aug. St. W. mountain MEL'ICA nu'tans. Petals not fringed. Panicle nod- ' ding fimple. Linn. — Valves of the empalement blunt. St.— Panicle clofe, upright, nearly fimple. Flowers pendant, pointing one way. Huns. , Schreb. ^.1. (2 m the printed text.) — C- B. pr. 20. repr. in th. ! 155. and cop. by Park. 1151. 5. — Barr. 95. 2. — g6. 2. — J.B. ii. 434. i. — Panicle, t^c. Leirs, 3. 4. — Scheuch. 16. D. E. / F. (Barr. Q 5. 1. is defcribed to have ruJh-Uke leaves, and g6. i. is the Gram. Scheuch. p. 173. n. 3.) Flowers in d bunch, Cluj. ii. 219. repr. in Ger. em. 20. 2.? — Ger. • 18. 2, repr. in C. B. 154, and cop. in J. B. ii. 492. i. Flowers pendant. Linn. lapp. Fruit-Jlalks towards the bafe of the bloffom bowed back. Scheuch. — Empal. valves (horter than the bloffom, dirty purple, margins membranaceous, whitifli ; outer egg-oblong, fhorter; inner oval. Blofs. valves oblong, between membranaceous arid cartilaginous ; outer fcored, whitifh, fome- • times tinged vvith purple ; inner a good deal fhorter, pubefcent. St. Melica montana. Huns. Mountainous woods in Yorkfh. Weftmorel. & Cumberl. [Helkf- wood, by Ingleton, Yorkfh. Mr.-WooowARD.] P. June. July. In the Ifle of Rafa they make this grafs into ropes for fi’fhing nets, which are remarkable for laftirig long without rotting. Pennant's T’our. 1774. p- 297.— Cows, Horfes, and Goats eat it. purple MEL'ICA cceru'lea. Panicle compa6l. Flowers cy- lindrical.— FI. dan. 239. — Tif. oT.viii. 5. row.^. 22. — Panicle, &c. Leers, ^.j. Root bulbous. Leaves flat. Straw for a great length without knots, florets awl-fliaped, rolled in at the edges, fometimes 3, and in very rich foil, 4 in, an empalement. A pedicle knobbed at the end rifcs from betwixt the florets. Pips purplifh blue. Pointals purple. Linn.— Straw with only i knot which is clofe to the root. Leaf- III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. ftalhs iheathlng, on the infide where it joins the leaf, inftead of a : membrane, befet with a tranfverfe row of clofcfhort hairs. Scheuch, : St. — Empal. valves fomewhat keeled ; the outer rather fhorter. Firjt ; Joret fitting, twice as long as the empalement. Spike-Jlalks, joints half as long as the floret that is fixed to its point, terminated by an i imperfeft floret half as long as the next below it. Blofs. texture the fame with that of the empalement ; outer valve fomewhat keeled* 1 marked within with 5 ribs, egg-lhaped, oblong, blunt; t'nwer with i a prominent rib on each fide, edges folded in. St. Airaccerulea.Sp.pl. Huns. Leers. Scop. — Arundo. Hall. Butinmyfpecimens of both varieties the bloflToms are quite bare. St. Boggy barren meadows, and paftures. P. July, Aug. Horles, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Ckermes graminis is found upon at. Linn. SESLE'RI A. (Scop. Arduin, Adanson. Hall.) — Moorgrafs. Empal. Fence 2 leaves at the bottom of the fpike or bunch. Hujk 2 valves, containing i, 2, or 3 florets; valves egg-fhaped, taper pointed, nearly equal. LOSS. Values 2, oblong, compreflfed, about the length of the empalement ; the outer concave, embracing the inner, toothed at the end, the keel running out into a fhort awn ; inner flat, with the edges folded in, cloven at the end. HIVES. Threads^, hair-like, longer than the blolfom* ‘tips oblong. 01 NT. Of the length of the threads. Seed-bud inverfely egg-lhaped ; hairy. Shafts 2, briftle-fhaped, upright, Summits pubefcent. |D. Vess. The blolfom incloling the feed. DEED. One, hai:^. St* Ess. Char. Fence of 2 leauesi Empalement containing 2 or ■^florets. Bloffom toothed at the end. St. Obs. In the pofition of the fence, and in its habit it approaches » the tribe of Graminifolia.'* The above defcriptions were made [trom a colledlive view of the following : Sejleria fphasrocephala. Arduin. fpec. ii. t. 7. Hall. ap. Scheuch. app. ii. n. 30. and G 2 SESLE'- ^3 • The DaSljUs pungtnt Schbeb. has a general fence of feveral leaves. St. 84 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. blue SESLE'RIA cceru^lea. Scop. Straw undivided. Spike fomewhat cylindrical. Arduin. St. C-B.pr. 21. I, repr.intk. 158, and cop. in Park. 1152, 6, well done. — Scheuch. 2. g, A. B. florets and empalement indifferent.^ fj. B. ii. 466; 2. is a copy of 476. 2, the Phal. arund. ^.) Straivs oblique. Leaves betwixt fea-green and bluifh. Spike fome- times white. Li NN. — Spi/le from ^ to nearly 1 inch. Scheuch. St. — hairy . Empal. valuwending in awn-like points. Ha l l. St. -Straws furroundedatthcbafewithabundle of root-leaves inclofed in a whit- ilh brown wrinkled fkin, giving the appearance of a branched root; above bare of leaves. Bunch Ipike-like, egg-oblong. Florets on fhort fruit-ftalks, purplifh livid, or brownilh white. Fence-leaves roundilh, embracing the fpike-ftalk, gnawed, membranaceous, ftiorter, but thrice as wide as the empalement ; the lower one at the bafe of the bunch, the other a little higher up at the bafe of the florets of the oppofite fide. Empal. containing moftly 2 florets, fometimes juft longer, and fometimes juft fhorter than the florets, edges and keel bearded. Blojs. valves equal in length, edges and keel bearded ; outer with 5 ribs, cloven at the end into 4 teeth, end- ing in awn-like points, the two middle ones fhorter, with the keel running out from between them into a fhort awn twice as long as the teeth. white. Ti/jj whitifh, cloven at the bafe. Seed- \ W reddifh brown. white. St. Cynojurus cceruleus. Linn. — Airavaria. Jacq. enum. who re- marks that Linn, has improperly placed it in the genus Cynojurus, it having no affinity to that family. St. Mountainous paftures in the North ; fometimes in marfhes. [Crevices of the Lime Rocks at the foot of Ingleborough. St.] ' P. May. June. Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat iu Swine refufe it. 89. PO'A. III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 8g. PO'A. Meadowgrafs. (Gerard.) PI. II. fig. i8. Empal. 2 valves without awns; containing feveral florets pointing from two oppofite lines and collefted into an oblong egg-fhaped fpike. Valves egg-lhaped, , tapering. Bloss. 2 valves. The valves egg-flraped, tapering, con- cave, comprefled; fomewhat longer than the empale- ment ; Ikinny at the edges. I^HivES. T’hreads hair-like. T/pj forked at each end, Point. Seed-bud roundifh. Shafts 2; bent back; woolly. Summits like the fhafts. 3. Vess. The blofs. adheres to the feed without opening. Seed. Single; oblong, comprelfed, tapering at each end and covered by the bloflbm. Ess. Char. Empal. 2 valves, containing feveral florets. Little f pikes egg-fhaped ; valves fomezi/hat pointed; Jkinny at the edges. PO'A aquat'ica. Panicle fpreading. Little fpikes Reed drap-fhaped, containing 6 florets. Linn. — Panicle upright, oranched. Little fpikes betwixt egg and flrap-rtiaped, Straw upright. Huds. H.qx. viii. 6. 25. — Ger. 7. 2, repr, in C. B- 40.— Ger. 6. repr. in C. B. th. 38. — Ger. ern- 6. 1. — Branch of the panicle, Leers 5. 5. Scheuch. 4. j. — A little fpike, Mont. 38. Empal. containing from 5 to 10 florets. Straw 6 feet high. Linn. — Straw {com 4 to 6 feet high ; upright, 2 edged, fmooth. Leaves iword-fhaped, fharp, ftraight, keeled ; rough at the edges and iilong the keel. Leaf-fialk a fheath, cylindrical, fcored, fmooth. ^ops membranaceous, blunt, folitary ; betwixt the leaf and the ftraw. Florets from 5 to 10. Huns. — Panicle purplifli. Leaves broad, channelled. With. Marfhesand banks of rivers. P. July. Aug. It is an extremely ufeful grafs to fow upon the banks of rivers or brooks. Horfes, Cows, and Sheep are exceedingly fond of it, PO'A trivia'Us. Panicle fomewhat fpreading. Florets rough-jlalked woolly at the bafe, 3 in each little fpike. Straw cylindri- cal, upright. Linn. — Panicle fpreading. Little fpikes, with generally 3 florets. Straw upright, rough. Leaf- ;cales taper pointed. Curt. — Panicle branched, fpread- G 3 ing. 86 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. ing. Little fpikes egg-lhaped, crowded together. Florets woolly at the bafe. Leaves rough, Iharp. Straw nearly upright. Huds. Curt. il. 15. — Parh. 1156. 4, uppermqjl' on the right hand. — C. B. 30. (Ood. 5&0. 2, repr. in Ger. 2.2, doesnotjeemtobetheplant.) S/raa/Ji incorporated, upright,, ftraight. Learn- keel fmooth. Leaf- Jca/er oblong, fpear-lbaped, HoreiJ coloured at the point, yellower than in the other fpecies. Linn. — Root fibrous. Straw weak, .creeping at the bafe, fcored. Florets 2, 3, and fometimes 4. Scheuch. — Mr. Curtis has given the fame references to Ray, Ger. and Park, to this and the P. prat. St. — Panicle open ; 2,. 3, or 4 fruit-ftalks riling from the fame point. Florets 3 or 4 in each cmpalement. Ti/)i reddllh purple. Straw/, fruit-llalks, and little fpikes, roughifli. Leaves rough ; the top of the uppermoft leaf reaches to the bottom of the panicle. With. — ^Panicle fpreading. Little fpikes with, generally 5 florets. Straw upright, fmooth. Lea f-fcales blunt. Curt. Bird-grafs, by which narne it is known to the feedfmen. Fowl- grajs., Fowl Meadow-grafs. Fold Meadoiv-grafs/* Moift meadows and fides of ditches. P. June. July. Begins to flower the firfl: week in June, and generally continuing during the whole of the fummer. Curt. marlh /?• palujlris. — ^Panicle fpreading. Little fpikes with generally 3 florets, Leaves r.ough underneath. Linn. (H. ox. * The grafs. known by the abov€ names to the London- feedfmen and experi- mental farmer, is generally believed to be the Poa triwalii, as I am informed by that excelleyit botanift the author of the Flora londinenfis. It was brought from America by Mr. Wych, of the Society of Arts, in 1763, and highly recom- mended in the Mus. rufi.lv. p. 44, as afibrding a remarkably finefweet fcented hay. Tlie facility with which it rnay be cultivated, by means of- the numerous fuckers which it thro-ws. out from the lower joints, and the great rapidity with -ivhiclt thefe. again propagate themfelves, induce us to hope tliat it may become permanently. naturalized, and expel at length .from our meadows and paftures that enormous heap of ufelefs weeds with which they are at prefent unprohtably encumbered. — Not having had an opportunity of examining it, I fhall fubjoiq the following account of it from Haller. *St. feaul Poafifiontfera. Little fpikes containing 3 florets. Florets foinewhat woolly - at the bafe. Haller. Mut. rufi, V. t. 4. Approaches' very near to- the P. angufiif. but differs in its Flowers being more diftinft; and its Florets being woolly at the bafe. Straw knee-jointed, throwing out leaves from each knot ; upright above, 2 or 3 feet high. Leaves fmooth, lefs than a line in width. Panicle contracted. Floavers crowded, tapering to a point, greep^t the end, of a purplifh elicfnut.. Hali. app, to Scbeucb. p. 53. ». 48. m. CHIVES, n. POINTALS. 87 I w (H. ox. iii. 6. 27, from the fiorets figured on the fide, as well as itSj ■ habit, appears to be rather an Agrqftis. — Fl. dan. 750, edges of I the blojfom fringed, and the 2 upper fiorets on longjhiit-Jlalk's.J 1 Empal. valves as long as the bloffom, rough on the back. Florets I 2 or 3 in each empaleraent ; one floret fitting ; the other on I KTiort fruit-ftalks, which are very rough. Upper leaf fheathing the | ^Iraw and nearly as long as the panicle. If the third floret was not I "ometimes found, the ftudent would be led to fearcfl for it in the I ^enus Aira. With. — Horefi fometimes only 3. Scheuch. — Foa | -rivialis palufiris. Huns. ('NotP.paluJlrisGmel. tub. for his hath fmootk | I Watery places amongft reeds and the Poa aquatica. June. I y fetacea. — Panicle fpreading. Little fpikes with 3 florets ; pube- hair-leaved « "cent. Root-leaves briftle-lhaped. Poa trivialis fetacea. Huns. PO'A angufifo'lia. Panicle fpreading. Florets 4 in nctrrowleaved sach little fpike ; woolly. Straw cylindrical, upright. Linn. — Panicle nearly upright. Little fpikes on fruit- :lalks ; egg-fhaped. Fruit-ftalks ftraddlihg. Florets hairy Rt the bale. Leaves pointed Huns. . H. ox. viii. S-jg. — Panicle, fii’c. Leers 6. 3.- A branch of it, Scheuch 3. 17. B.. Florets when ripe often woolly, and when feparated from tire empalement adhering together. Linn. ft^AR. Florets 2 and often 3. Scheuch. Poa angtcjl folia tier* rolls. Huns. — Poa nemor alls. . Linn, which fee. Woods and hedges. [In Hertfordfliire Mr. Woodward.] P. June. July, Horfes, Cows, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it.' VO'A -praterifis. Panicle fpreading. Little fpikes fvnootlx fialked Jinooth ; with 5 florets. Straw cylindrical, upright. Linn. — Panicle Ipreading. Little fpikes with generally 5 florets. Straw upright, fmooth. Leaf-fcales blunt. Curt. — Pani- xle branched. Little fpikes egg-fhaped, crowded. Florets iw'oolly at the bafe. Leaves blunt. Straw not quite up- iright, fending out fucker's. Huns. Curtn. — H.ox.vm. 5. 18. — Stilling. 6, -^Panicle, (sc. Leers 6. 4. — Branch of it, Scheuch. 3. 17. A. (J. B. ii. 2, Jeems rather P. nemoralis, and Dod. 560. i, audit's copies to be P. annua. J Florets generally 2, and fometimesg. Scheuch.-^RooI creeping. IlStraw firm, upright, fcarce perceptibly fcored. Florets fometimes lonly two. Curt. G 4 On, 8,3 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. On walls, dry banks, and not unfrequently in meadows, and begins to flower about the 3d week in May. Curt. June. July. Huds, alpine Poa pratenfis alpina, Huds. — Panicle fpreading, very much branched. Little fpikcs heart-fhaped, with 6 florets. Linn. Scheuch. pr. 3. 4. ■ P/ore^ from 2 to 5. Scheuch. — Poaalpina. Linn. Mountains, yiviparous y Poa pratenjis vivipara. Huds. — Poa alpina vivipara. Linn. FL dan. Soj.— Scheuch. it. i. 4. 2. — Scheuch 4. 14. On Snowdon. P. June. July. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Swineeat it. — Goats are not fond of it. (imual VO'Aan’nua. Panicle fpreading horizontally. Little fpikes blqnt, Straw oblique, comprelfed. Linn.— Pani- cle expanding ; pointing one way ; branches in pairs, Straw oblique, two edged. Huds. — Branches of the par nicle fometimes horizontal, fometimes Banting. Curt. — Florets without wool at the bafe. St. i Curt. I. 2. — Stillingf. 7. — H. ox- viii. 5. 21. — Mus. rufi. iv. 2. 8. — -Dod. 560. I, repr. in Lob. ohs. g. i, Ger. em. 2. 1 ; and cop. by Park. 1156. 4, the uppermojl on the hand. — C. B. 31, cop. inj. B. ii. 465. i.—Ger. em. 3. 2. cop. in Park. 1156. 4, the lowermojt on the leji hand, and J. B. ib. 2. -)P — Panicle, l^c. Leers 6. i. — Branch oj the panicle, Scheuch. 3. 17. E. — Park. 1156, thelowermojl on the right hand. This is diftinguilhed from the P. triviaUs by its general habit, its fpreading panicle, its comprefTed reclining .ftraws, and by its greater foftnefs and delicacy; from the P. pratenfts nnd angujiifolia by the branches proceeding from the ftalk in pairs, by its fize, &c. PoLLicH. — Florets green, fometimes reddifh : 4 or 5 in each em-? pal. Scop. — Blofs. keel between hairy and pubefcent. St. — Branches of the panicle in the middle often in threes, at the top folitary. Curt. — Little /pikes larger than Aofe of the P. pratenfis. Mr. Dickenson. ’ . Suffolk grafs. Paftures, paths, gravel walks, and the borders of fields. A. April. — Sept. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. ffa V Q' A marit'ima. Panicle compaft, branched, point- ing one way. Branches in pairs. Little fpikes oblong. Florets blunt. Leaves (harp; edges rolled in. Straw cylindrical, flanring. Huds. — (In my Ipecimens, ^ranches 5 from a knot. St.) III. CHIVES, 11. POINTALS. (Fl. dan, 2^1, is referred to by Lightf. and Rotli, but Hudjon omits it, neither does it accord with my jpecimens. — C.B.th. i^o, Jeems the fame plant with FI. dan. 251 , tending towards decay.) Root perennial, creeping. 5irate/ from 6 to 12 inches high; fmooth. iLeaves on leaf-ftalks, fword-fhaped, expanding, tapering to a point; bare. Panicle oblong, upright, panicle- branches fometimes sa little expanding. Florets from 3 to 7 or 8 ; bluntifli, fmooth. lHuds.^ — Leaves rolled in fo as to refemble rufhes. Rankle purplifh, 'but little fpreading; compofed of narrow, oblong fpiculas, not cawned, Ray.— Very nearly related to Fejluca fiuitans. Perhaps (the fea water may occafion the difference. Lightf. St — Thtpanicle ^vhen in flower bears fome refemblance to that of the F. fiuitans, but J cannot by any means believe the fea water to have effected fuch •changes ; befides it is different in habit and ftrudlure, and belongs rrather to the Poas. Roth, 8. — But the P. ^wlan5 has the illru(5lure of fba. Cultivation alone can afcertain the point. St. — \(Roa arenaria, fcand. but he fays, “ Panicle fomewhat fpreading, little fpikes fitting.”) (Gram, exile duriufc. marit. ilScHEucH. 272 is a quite different plant.) St. Seacoaft, frequent. [SaltMarfhes, Norf. Mr. 'Woodward.] P. June* July. PO'A rig'ida. Panicle fpear - fhaped ; fomewhat hard fcranched ; pointing one way. Branches alternate, point- ing one w^y. — Curt. il. 24. — V(ull. 18. 4. — H. ox. vIII. 2. g. — Barr. 49. — Ger. 4. 3. — rC. B. th. 32. I , cop. in Park. 1157. — Branch of the pani- cle, Scheuch. 6, 2, and — Floret, Mont. ii. Straw very fhort and ftiff. Panicle fpear-fhaped. Inflexible; dou- oly compound ; its branches alternate. Little fpikes alternate, on nflexible fruit-ftalks, which are fhorter than the fpikes they fup- port; ftrap-fhaped, fharp, about 8 florets in each. Florets fharp and Ckinny at the point. Empal. keeled. Linn. — Florets horn 3 to g iin each' little fpike. Hods. Walls, roofs, fandy and ftony places, frequent. A. July. PO'A omprefsa. Panicle compaft ; pointing one creeping way. Straw oblique, compreffed. Linn.— Panicle up- tright. Straw afcending. Huns. FI. dan.j/^z. — Vaill. 18. 5. — Panicle, &c. Leers 5. q., branches of the panicle horizontally expanding, injlead of crowded, as in the fpecifc character — Little fpikes, Mont. 10. Florets generally 6 in each empalement. Linn. — Panicle more or tefs fcattered. Little fpikes 2 to ^ lines long. Scheuch. — Root lome- what 9° TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. what creeping. Little /pikes almoft fitting, near together. Florets fotiiewhat woolly at the bafe. Leers. St. A very fmall tuft of wool at the bafe of the loivermoft fioret, which may be drawn out to nearly' the length of the floret, that of the upper florets fcarcely ^ more than a hair or two. Sr.— Little /pikes much larger than thofe | of the Poapratenjis. Mr. Dickenso-n. i Walls, houfe'tops, and other very dry places. P. June. July. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. :z'ood P O ' A Jiemora'lis. Panicle taper. Little fpikes fharp pointed, rough, 2 florets in each. Straw bent inwards. — Scheuck, pr. 2. 2.^ — Fl. dan. 749. — Scheuch. it. ii. 18. 3. — fjp. B. ii. 461. 2.J — Panicle, (sfc. Leers 5.^. — Little/pike, Mont. 12. /7orefifometimes 3. Scheuch. — from 2 to 5. Mr.HoLLEFEAR. Poa angujlifolia nemoralis. Hud-s. — A diftinft fpecies. Mr. Woodward. Woods and Ihady places. [Plentiful in the North. Mr. Wo o d- WARD.], A. June. bulbous V O' A bulbo'fa. Panicle fomewhat expanding ; point- ingoneway. Little fpikes of 4 florets. Linn. — Little fpikes egg-fhaped. Florets fmoothifh; fliarp. Straw upright, bulbous at bottom. Huds^ .• y Vain. 17. 8. k Paniefe branched, the branches angular, rdughifli. Little /pikes egg- | ^ fliaped, fharp; with 3,4, or5florets, a little hairy at the bafe. Huds. F/oreti not unfrequently 5. Scheuch. viviparous jS Pstt. 703, land 2. — C. B. A 32. 2, cop. in Park. 1158.1, — J Ger. em. 3. i. — Pet. ii; gramital. 4. g and ii. — J. B. ii. 464. j — Flowers, G/c. Scheuch. 4. 13. A. B. C. * { Paftures near Clapham, Sorry'. P. May. June. loo/e-Jlowered P O ’ A di/'tans. Panicles with fub-divided branches. Empal. with 5 flowers. Florets diftant, blunt. — 1 Height the fame with the generality of Poas. Straws afeehding, j fmooth. Leaves fmooth. Panicle roughifh. Florets'fometimes on- jl ly 4, from the point to the middle Avhite, fo remote from each other | that it might readily' be taken for a fpecies of AgroJHs, if the Empal. - was not attended to, which' at once diftinguifiies it. Linn. — ;• J Has the habit of Poa aquatica, but all the parts more delicate and^ | fmaller, though the little fpikes are not fhorter. Jacq. obf. p. 42. ? Poof fibrous. Sfrotfir feveral, flanting, or nearly upright, cylindri- ' cal, fmooth. Root-leaves few, fword-fhaped, upright, blunt, bare, ^ Stm-Zeoues on leaf-ftalks, blunt, fometimes rolled in, fea-green., ! Leaf-Jlalk fheathing, cylindrical, fcored, fmooth. Lcaf-/cale mem- ' branar III. CHIVES, ' II. POINTALS. 91 ;branaceous, very fhort, blunt. Panicle fpreading and expanding, branches generally growing in fours. Little Jpikes ftrap-fhaped. iflorets from 3 to 6 or 7 ; remote, blunt, as if lopped ; fometimes fjurplifh ; white at the edge. 2 unequal valves, very blunt. ifiuDS. — floreli when out of bloflbm ftanding diftindh from each ffither; at other times tiled, like other Ihas; i line long ; of an even lurlace, not ribbed^ St,* Aira aquadca dijlans. Huns. Sandy places near Exmoulh. About Northfleet in Kent,- and in [Yorkfhirc and Lancalhire. P'. June. July. P O' A crijla'ta. Panicle fpik e-like. Empal. fomewhat crejled lhairy, longer than the fruit-ftalks, about 4 flowers in each. iPetals awned. Linn. — (Empal. containing 2 to 3 florets. IBioIs. valves often merely pointed. St. ) //. ox. viii. 4. 7. — P/aJ. 33.7. — Panicle, &c. Leers 5. 6; (FI. dan. 251 . — Mont. 78. and Scheuch. 6. 4. are different plants.) Little Jpikes oblong. Empal. Ihorter than the florets. Florets from 2 to 4, This fpecies feems the connedling link between Poa and tFeJluca. St. Aira crijlata. Sp. Fi. High barren paftures. [On the edge of a Marie Rock, Clarkton ILeap, near Worcefter. St.] V O' A minima. Empal. containin g i floret. St. fmall A^ojis minima, which fee, but it is truly a Poa. St. PO'A lolla'cea. Spiked. Little fpikes fitting; up- fpiked iright, pointing one way. Huns. St. H. ox. viii. 2. row 2. 6. — Pkik. 32. 7; — Sckeuch 6. 5, two little Jpikes. — C. B. pr. 18. 2, repr. in th, 130, ill done if the plant, though defer, is that of P. loliacea. — C. B. th. 130. is P. maritima. Spike moftly pointing one way ; fometimes branched at the bale. ^Branches upright ; very fhort. Little fpikes egg-fhaped. Florets from gtoio; fmooth. Huds. Triticum maritimum, which fee. • In the London Botanic Garden has been cultivated for fotne years part, a tfpecie* which the owner has very happily named Poa retrofrnlid, hotn ftwral yff the hrattebei being at it "were broken back. My fpecimens have induced me to rfufpeft it to be the Poa dijlans, expanded in all its parts by- cultivation, or a richer foil: but I flatter myfelf Mr. Curtis will not be long before he favours th® ipublic with a full account of wltat he may have obferved concerning this curious fTpecies, in an early number of his excellent Flora. St. 90. BRI'ZA. 92 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. go. BRI'ZA. Quake-grafs. PI. II. fig. 17. Empal. Hujk 2 valves, expanding; containing feveral florets pointing from two oppofite lines, collefted into a heart-flbaped fpike. Valves blunt, heart- fhaped, concave, equal. Bloss. Two valves. Lower valve the Cze and figure of the empalement. Superior valve fmall, flat, roundilh, clofing the hollow of the other. Chives. Threads^; hairlike. Tipj oblong. Point. Seedbud roundifh. Shafts 2 ; hairlike; bent back. Summits downy. S. Vess. The blolTom unchanged, contains the feed un- til it is ripe. Seed. Single; very fmall; roundilh, comprelfed. Ess. Char. Empal. 2 valves, containing feveral florets. Little [pikes 2 rowed. Valves heart-Jhaped, blunt; in- ner valve very fmall. fmall BRI'ZA mi'nor. Little-fpikes triangular. Empal. longer than the florets. — H. ox. viii. 6. 47. correfponds with our plant and the Lhmmn cha- ra8er, though not quoted by Linn. — Barr. 16. — Park. 1165. 5. f C. B. pr. 4. though, referred to by Linn, is only a fmaUer fpecimen of the B. media, lahich fee.) ' In paftures. A. Linn. P. Hudf. July. middle BRI'ZA me'dia. Little fpikes egg-fhaped. Empal. fhorter than the florets. — FI. dan. 258. — H. ox. vili. 6. 45. — Trag. 670. — Barr. 15. 2. — Cer.em. 86. 2. repr.by C. B. 22. i. — Park. 1165. 2. 6. — 7. B. ^ ii. 469. 2. .6. Branch of the panicle. Leers 7. 2. — Scheuch. 4-8. — Floret, Mont. ^g. (Barr. 16. is the minor. J Daarf fpe- J cimetis, C.B. th. 25. i. cop. in H. ox. viii. 6. 46. — J. B. ii. ] 469. 2. — Branch of the panicle, Scheuch. 4. g. | Straw with 3 joints near the root. Panicle with 2 little fpikes ; upon each branch. Hujks egg-fhaped, keeled. Smaller petal egg- i lhaped, cloven, plaited. Lips reddifh brown ; ^yellowdfh at the ends. Dujl yellow. Seed-bud cloven at the end. Shajh longer than tlie empalement. Honey-cup fmall, valvular, contiguous to the fnedbud. Scop. — Smaller petal (lightly notched at the end ; the plaits, before flowering, embracing and inclofing the tips. Florets 93 III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. Florets from 7 to g in each little fpike. With. Caw-quakes. Ladies-hair. ^ Fields and paftures. ' P. July. Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. If a feed is carefully dilTecfted in a microfcope, with a fine lancet, the young plant will be found with its root and leaves pretty per- tfcdlly formed. 92. DAC'TYLIS. Cocks-foot PI. II. fig. 13. lEmpal. Hujks compreffed ; fharp; pointing one way. One valve longer than the bloffom, keeled ; the other fhorter. ;Bloss. Hujk; compreffed; oblong; (harp. The longeft valve keeled ; lying within the longeft valve of the empalement. •Chives, ‘threads 3; hair-like; as long as the bloffom. tips forked at each end. Point. Seedbud turban-fhaped. Shafts 2 ; hair-like; ex- panding, woolly. Summits fimple. ■iS. Vess. None. The bloffom inclofes the feed until it is ripe. ISe EDS Solitary ; naked; depreffed on one fide, convex on the other. Ess. Char. Empal. 2 valves, comprejfed, i valve larger, and keeled. Obs. In fome fpecies i floret in each empalement; in others3, or more. DAC'TYLIS cynofuroi'des. Spikes numerous, rough, Scattered, pointing oneway. Linn. Flowers in fpikes. Empalement containing i floret. Shaft longer than the xhives. St. * Linn, the Son, fafc. i. g. Slroffl 2 feet high; likethatofan Arundp. Leaves 6 upon each ftraw; ibroad, very fmooth and longer than the ftraw ; rough at the edges, cent inwards ; fea-green on the upper furface. Spikes 6 or more in a row ; diverging ; chaffy. Florets tiled ; rough on the hinder cart. Emp. rough along the keel, fharp-pointed, fitting ; in i row ; I floret in each, and longer than the floret. Pointals long ; woolly. 94 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. woolly. Linn.— rTbe ftrudlure of tiie pohital marks an affinity with the A'ar^^zi5, which is confirmed by its habit. St. Marihes in Effcx, and other parts of the fea-coaft, very com- ; mon- Ray. P.July. Aug. ; rough DAC’TYLIS glomera'ta. Panicle crowded, point- ing one' way. — Schreb. 8. 2. — FI. dan. 743. — H. ox. viii. 6. 38. — Bauh. pr. 9. I. repr. in th. 45. i . — Muf. rujl. v. i . 5. — Park. 1182. 5. J. B. ii. 467. I. — Barr. 26. i. 2. — Panicle, ^c.Leerso,- 3. — Floret, Scheuch. 6. 15. (Park. 1160. j. fome other plant.) • Empal. 4 florets in each. Bunches of flowers but little expanded. Little /pikes comprefled ; in bundles, fitting ; diverging when in flower. Tipi reddifh. Linn. It is not ^ Fejluca. Itisfome- times viviparous. Pollich. — Empal. containing 2, 3, fometimcs 4 florets. Leers — Blojs. no long hairs at the bafe, as in thePhalar. arund. St. — Straw with 5 joints and 3 leaves. Sheaths of the leaves 2 edged, and woolly. Petals cloven, a little awn from the cleft of the larger petal. Scop. — Florets in rainy feafons, fometimes viviparous. Mr. Woodward. Thrives in the fhade, and under the drippings of large trees. See a farther account of itinMus.uiJl. v, p.45.andiv.p. i86. Orchard-grafs. Very common. P. June. Aug. Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Cows refufe it. j V 93. CYNOSU'RUS. Dogs-tail. i PI. II. fig. 28. j Empal. Partial Fence large; lateral; generally confifling ; of 3 leaves. Hujk 2 valves containing feveral florets. Valves ftrap-fhaped ; tapering ; equal. Bloss. Two valves. Outer valve concave, longer than the other. Inner value iht, awnlefs. Chives. Threads 3; hair-like. Tj/jj oblong. ^ Point. Seedbud turlian-fhaped. Shafts 2; woolly; re- fle6led. Summits Ample. S. Vess. None. The bloflbm clofely wrapping round the feed, and not opening. Seed. Single; oblong, tapering at each end. Ess. Char. Empal. 2 valves, containing feveral florets. Proper receptacle leafy ; fixed to the fide. Linn. — Empal. 2 valves. Blofs. 2 valves; fence xvinged; compofea of fcales pointing from « oppofite lines. St. Obs. In moft of thefpecies the Fence is like a comb. Linn. — ■ Thefe fences, which connetff this genus to the Hordeum and Ely- mus, III. CHIVES, II. P O I N T A L S. jmus, appear as if abortive little fpikes, analogous to the rudiment \(corpuJadujn J of theMeliC(i,and the neutral florets in the Centaurea, &c. and like thofe do not feem to be of any importance to the fertility lor life of the plant. Beauty, and even mere variety, I am well perfuaded, have not been forgotten in the creation of organifed l)eings. St. * CYNOSU'RUS crijla'tiis Floral leaves with winged crejled •clefts. — Schreb. 8. i. — Leers j. 4. Spike, Gfc. — Gifek. 54. — FI. dan. 238. — Barr. 27. 2. — MuJ. rujl. iv. 2. 2. — H. ox. viii. 4. roiv. 3. 6 C. B. th. 43. cop. in Park. 1160. ^.-^Anderjon. — Stillingf. II. — J. B. ii. 468. 3. Floral leaves deeply divided into awl-fhaped fegments. Hufks ge- Tierally containing 3 florets. Smaller valve of the blofs. ending in 3 points ; larger valve ending in a fhort awn. Florets all facing one ■nvay. With. Var.0. Spike 4 cornered. RaySyn.^gg. Failures, common. P. July. Aug, CYNOSU'RUS echina'tus. Floral leaves winged with rough. awned chaff. — C. B. tk. 59. cop. in Park. 1168. 6. — H. ox. viii. 4. 13. — Barr. 123, 2. — y. B. ii. 474- — Sckeuch. 2. 8. B. D. florets. — Mont. 2/^. floret. ( C. B. pr. 16. 2. is Cenckrus capital.) Bunch congregated, pointing one way. Floral leaves only on the outfide of the flowers, alternately winged, the rays ending in awns ; I floret in each. Hufk of 2 valves, containing 2 florets, mem- Dranaceous, very fine at the point. Blojs. 2 valves, with an awn upon the outer point. Shaft cloven. Linn. Sandy foil. A. July. CYNOSU'RUS cceru'leus. p^n’a ccerulea. Scop, which fee. Floral leaves entire. — * In the C. crifatus, echinatus, aurtus, there are generally only a florets in' ■Bn empalemcnt ; in the coerul. and aureus, the little fpikes are inferted on dif- terent fides of the fpike; and in the durus, coracanus, agyptiusvo^ indicus, the re- reptacle cannot be faid to be leafy, as in thefe the fence is ■wanting. The durus is-truly a Poa, the Poa dura. Scop, and the 3 others have the habit of'Pa- nicum, with the ftruclure of Poa, forming a natural aflemblage of their own. TThe Cytiofurus theiefore as a natural genus feems to be confined within the fol- lowing limits, crijlatus, echinatus, and aureus. St. blue 95 94. FES- 9^ TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA 94. F E S T U ' C A. Fefcue. ' PI. 11. fig. ig. Empal. Hujk 2 valves; upright; containing feveral flo- rets colle6led into a (lender fpike. Valves awl-fhaped, . tapering. Inferior valve the fmalleft. j- Bloss. Two valves. Inferior valve the figure of the em- : palement but larger ; rather cylindrical but tapering, » and ending in a fharp point. i Chives. 'Threads 3 ; hair-like ; fhorter than the bloflbm. ' | Tips oblong. - Point. Seedbud turban-fhaped. Shafts 2, fhort, reflefted. • Summits Ample. S. Vess. The bloffom fhuts clofe upon the feed, and does not open again. ' Seed. Single; flender; oblong; very (harp pointed at each end, with a furrow running lengthways. Ess. Char. Empal. 2 valves. Little fpike oblong; almojl cylindrical. Hujks tapering to a point. Obs. Scopoli fays, that he cannot difcover any mark of dif- i ' tindtion between /e7?aca, Bromus, znd Tritiam. BromuszndTriti- { aim are indeed only one genus. Bromus is only a panicled Triti- | cum. In Fejluca the outer valve of the bloffom gradually narrows '• into the awn, whereas in the Bromus or Tritiaim, the awn is in- ferted as it were, below the point of the valve, or the edge of the ; valve fwells out into a thin membrane on each fide of the bafe of ■ the awn. In Fejluca, the awn is an extenfion of the whole valve, in Bromus and Triticum, only of the keel or middle rib, as in Avena. St. i * Panicle pointing one way. ^ barren FESTU'CA bromoi'des. Panicle pointing one way. Little fpikes upright, fmooth. Empal. valves, i entire, the other tapering to a point. — It differs from the F. myurus by the panicle fomewhat refembling a fpike, and the hufks not being fringed. It is like the F. ovina, but has broader leaves. Linn. — ^Paia'cle broader and fhorter than in the F. myurus, the Spiculce are alfo larger and broader. Straw with 3 or 4 joints. Ray. Cram, bromoides paniculaheteromaUa, Gfc. Scheuch. 2go. t. 6. f. 10. is the plant of our Herbariums, and / believe that .8,lhefg.mth2panicledjlraxiiis. . , /7oreon of any of the authors quoted above. St. Hills and rocky barren places, Linn. — Meadows both dry and ooift. Ray.— [Near Kemfey and Ridd Green, Worcefterlh. St.] A. May. June* The feeds, mixed with com, may be ufed to make bread ; but ■'hen in too large a proportion they render the bread brown and jitter, and they who eat it experience a temporary giddinefs. The panicles are ufed by the common people in Sweden for dying ffeen. — This grafs is eaten by Horfes, Cows, Goats, and Sheep. BRO'MUS mol'lis. Panicle rather upright. Spikes foft §g-{haped, downy. Awns ftraight. Leaves with very □it wool. Linn. — (Little fpikes Ibmetimes fmooth. See tcheuck, and Curt. St,)"^ Leers 1 1 .■ i , panicle. — Schreb. 6. i . — Curt. 1.3, little fpikes fmooth . — ff. O.T. viii. 7. 18. — Wieg. 1.4, a little fpike. — Scheuch. 5. 12, branch of the panicle, the little fpikes fmooth. — BaiT. 83. i, not a good refemblance. (85. not a grafs. J Refembles the B. fecalinus, but is white with foft downy hairs. '’he joints are thicker, cylindrical, and very hairy on the lower part, leaves extremely foft on both fides; fcored. Panicle on a fhort foot- ijalk. Linn. — Little fpikes, about 7 florets in each. Empal. outer nlve fmaller than the inner. Blofs. valves very flightly cloven at the tid; the a/)/;er valve flat, fringed at the edge with briftly hairs. Tips =d. Shafts none. Summits woolly. Straw with 5 or 6 crooked 'ints. /?ootfibrous. The whole plant covered with foft hairs , Wi t h . Oat-grafs is the name by which it is known to farmers, and they »)W it along with clover. With. «. Whole plant covered with a foft hairinefs. Huns. vvoi Little fpikes kom 4 to 8 lines long, and to 2^ broad. Empal. fner valve Q znd 4 lines long, outer narrower, and about a line hotter. _ florets tiled, the lowermofl about 4 lines long. Blofs. hunt at the end. Awns from 3 to 5 lines long. Scheuch. St.— »nHt-j?arts generally fupporting only i flower, but fometimes 2. little fpikes upright. Blofs. outer valve flightly cloven at the point ; rgments pointed. Shafts inferted below the point of the feed-bud. Leers^ * Mr. Hudfon confiders the B. mollis and fecalinus as varieties of one fpecies. B. polymorphus. Scop.— Panicle nearly upright, and nearly fiinple. Little 105 io6 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Leers. S-T.—iSA^fis from ohs fide of the feed-bud. Curt. St, — Panicle when in fruit clofely contta^ed. Uttk /pikes egg-fpear-. ■ fbaped, and fpear-fhaped, tapering to a point. Florets 5 to 14. 1 Blofs. outer wive pnly llightly nicked at. the endi hut eafily feparating ’ down to the infertion of the awn; m.m inferted about f a line be- . ■ tow the point. St. Gramm, avmac. yilios. 6fc. Scheuch. 253. s. 4. (ScttREa. PO'LLIGH. St.) Meadows, paXlures, walls, hedge banks. [In. com fields and uncultivated piaees. Leers.} May. June ; dwarf 2. B.mms. (Retz. fcand. St.) — Little fpikes few, on fhort fruit-ftalka, upright, flatted, trowel-egg-fhaped. Hulks fomewhat - tiled, pubefcent., pointed, Awns fhorter than the blofloms, ftraight. Wieg. St. 'I Wieg. iv g. 5ery fiiort fcattered hairs. Flowers if or nearly 2 lines long*. Em- tal. T/aiue5 nearly equal. Blojs, fomewhat Ihorter than the empal. when dry, whitifli. Down rifing nearly even, with the empalement. ►icHEucH. St. — Leoi/ei much narrower than. thofe of the A. cala- .nagroftis. Empal. briftle-fhaped. Plq/5. not woolly. Mr. Wood vv. — £m/>a/. flexi’ole, nearly membranaceous, microfcopically rough; lvalues a wl-fpear-lhaped; the outer f line longer than the other. Blojs. line long, membranaceous, tapering to a point,, point cloven,, ivith an exceedingly minute axgm riling from the bottom, of the cleft, pften but juft taller than the end of the valve. Down from the cafe of the bloffom. St. Dry hills, banks, and corners of fields. Linn.-— — Woods and fnoift hedges. Huds. — [On the fide of a ditch on the borders of Aqualate Meer-, S.hropfhire. St. — Eanham Wood, Norfolk. Mr* Woodward.] P. July., ARUN'DO CaIamagro'(lts. Empalements fmooth ; i Horet in each. Bloflbms woolly. Straw branched. — I 3 Scheuch. I zvood ' ! 1 18 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. Scheuch. pr. 5. — Ger. em. g. i, cop. in J. B. ii. 476. i. — Varli. 1182. 4.— i?. oj:. viii. 8. 2. — C. B. th. 95, branches of the right hand panicle too diftant. — Florets, Scheuch. 3- (FI. dan. 280, refetred to in the Syji. Veg. cannot be the fame plant with Scheuch. pr. 5, to which they adfo refer; and appears to me to be the A. epigejos.J (hort-hufked 2 Barr. 18. i. Obs. No. I. are figures of Gram, arund. panic. moUi. ^c. Scheuch. but equally reprejent our plant. Sometimes rifes to the height of a man, and, what is very un- common in a grafs, throws out undivided branches from the bofom , of the leaves. Linn. — Specimens fent by Linnzeus had branched Jlraws, but in the defcription of Scheuch. referred to by Linnaeus, no notice is taken of this circumftance. Scop. — I have never feen the ftraw branched. Huns. — Strao/liiiu, from 3 to 5 feet high. Leaves without hairs, upper furfacefmooth, but the under, as alfo the edges, rough to the hand drawn downwards; ftiff, and arid. PaTiide contradled, fometimes partly chefnut, and partly green, on the opening of the flowers a mixture of green, chefnut, and filky white, and when out of flower of a yellowifh brown. Empal. valves narrowing to a point, almoft entirely equnl, and about 2 lines long. ■ Blofs. membranaceous, glofly, white. Down about the length of the empalement. Scheuch. St. — Leaves, fome flat, others with their edges rolled in, and fharp-pointed at the end. Panicle before it comes into flower upright, afterwards fomewhat nodding, the branches and their fub-diviflons rather pointing one way. Empal. ftiff, green, keeled, keel rough, flightly curved fideways. Blojs. 1 line long, awned, tapering to a point, point cloven. Awn hair- like, ftraightifh, inferted above the middle of the back, extending f line beyond the end of the valve. In external appearance it very much refembles the Dacftylis glomerata. St. Gram, paniculat. iifc. minus. Scheuch. p. 122. St.* Moift woods and hedges. ' [Ripton Wood, Huntingdonfhire. Mr. WooDvvARD.] P. June. July. Goats eat it. Cows are purged by it. fea ARUN'DO arena'ria. Empalements rvith i floret in each. Leaves rolled in at the fldes, fharp-pointed, and pungent. — • * [Nol Gram, arund. panic. moUi. Scheuch. y. 122. f. 3./. 3. re- ferred to by Linna-us, but judicioufly omitted by Hudfon. A fpecimen of it from the fon of Prof. Jacquin induces me to believe them to be only varieties, differing merely in the fize of the hulks, the inequality of the valves of Uie empalement being often equally fmall in both. St.) H. ox. \ III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. H. ox. vlii. 4, me/. 3. 16. — Clus. ii. 221. i, repr. in Lob. obf. 45. 3, and cop. in Park. 1198. 3, and J. B. ii. 512, i. — Ger. 38. 3, repr. in C. B. 67. — Ger. em. 42. 3. — Florets, Scheuck. 3. 8. A. B. C. — Mont. 92. This plantprobably originated from the A. epigejos, impregnated »y the dujl of the Elyraus arenarius. Linn. Leaves (cored within, fmooth and glofly without, when growing .ometimes e-xpanded. Blojs. with a fhort down at the bafe. S c h e u c h . St. — T/a/ye5 nearly equal, fpear'fhaped, compreffed, keeled; outer the broadefl:, marked with i rib; the inner with 3. Blofs. fomprefled, roughifli, dull, of the fame texture as the empale- ment ; outer valve marked with 5 ribs, the middlemafl; ending in a . ery fiiort fpit-point, the bafe fringed all round with white, ftraight, kiff hairs, 4 times fhorter than the blolTom. Scale at the bafe of fee inner valve, awl-fhaped, fringed with the fame hairs, analo- rqus to the outer bloffom of the Phalaris, Or pofTibly the rudiment »f a 2d fruit-ftalk. Has a much nearer affinity in habit as well as ftmdture to the Phalaris, than to the Arundo. St. Seamatrveed. Marram. Helme. Sea fhore. P. June. July. It grows only on the very drieft fand upon the fea fhore; and it Drevents the wind carrying the fand from the fhore and difperfing it ever the adjoining fields : which is not unfrequently the cafe where ihis Reed is wanting. Many a fertile acre hath been eovered with unprofitable fand and rendered entirely ufelefs; which might have «een prevented by (owing the feeds of this plant upon the fhore. IThe Dutch have profited by the knowledge of this fa6l. Li nn. • The country people cut, and bleach it for maldng matts. Where It is plentiful, houfes are thatched with it. It is planted on fome of our flat coafts in Norfolk to repel the ' fea. As foon as it has taken root, a fand hill gathers round it; and, It is probable, thatfome of.our fandy cliffs have been entirely formed nyit. Mr. Woodward. I4 lOi. LO'LIUM. 120 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA loi. LO'LIUM. Darnel.- PL II. fig. 27. Common Receptacle lengthened into a fpike. The flo- rets pointing from 2 oppofite lines, and each preffed clofe to a bend in the ftraw. Empal. Hiijh I valve, awl-fhaped, permanent; Handing oppoflte to a bend in the receptacle. Bloss. 2 valves. Inferior valve narrow; fpear-fhaped ; rolled inwards ; tapering ; as long as the empalement. Superior valve fhorter, more blunt, ftrap-lhaped, concave on the upper part. Chives. 'Threads^; hair-like; fhorter than the bloflbm. oblong.' Point. Seed-bud turban-fhaped. Shafts 2 ; hair-like ; refle6led. Summits downy. S. Vess. None. The bloifom enclofes the feed until it ' is ripe. Seed. Single ; oblong ; compreffed ; convex on one fide, flat and furrowed on the other. Ess. Char. Cup i leaf, fxed, containing f ever al florets. Obs. The angles in the fpike-ftalk lying in the fame plane with . the florets, fupply the defetfl of inner valves to the empalements. Linn. red LO'LIUM peren'ne. Spike awnlefs. Little fpikes longer than the empalement. Huds. Spike awnlefs. Little fpikes compreffed, of feveral florets. Linn. Schreb.Qj. — Leers 12. i, fpike. — Fl.dan.j^j. — Dod. 540. i, repr. in Lob. ohf 21. i; Ger.em.'jQ. 2; cop. in Park. 1145. 2; and C. B. 128. — Math. 102^. — Schench. i. 7. A. B. C. part of the fpike, gfc. — Mont. 19. — (Geryi. 2, not the plant. J flender |3. Huns. — Spike awnlefs, cylindrical. Little fpikes with 3 flo- rets. Linn. Lolium perenne tenne. Huns. — Loliumtenue. Linn. cluftered y. Linn. St. — H.ox.ib.n.^. — Schench. pr. 2. i — Schench. i. 7. D. branched h Huns. — Leers ib. % — H. ox. ib. n. 4. — Park. 1 146. 7. Florets 3 or 4 in each little fpike. Larger valve of the bloflbm cloven, and fometimes furnifhed with a foft fhort awn. Linn. — Empal. a Angle concave hufk, tapering to a point. Blofs. valves both of the fame length. Tips cloven at each end. Seed-bud placed between the upper valve of the bloifom, and 2 fmall, fpear-lhaped, white. III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. uvhite, lemi-tranfparent fubftances, which, perhaps, Linnaeus *vould call honeycups. Shafts nsne. Suviviits woolly or downy. iFlorets 6 or 7 in each little fpike. Larger valve of the bloffom nei- ther cloven nor awned. With. Road fides: drypaftures. P. June. Ray grafs. Rye grafs. Crap. It makes an excellent hay upon dry chalkey or fandy foils. It is -rultivated with advantage along with clover, and fprings earlier than the other graffes; thereby fupplying food for cattle, at a feafon when it is moft difficult to be obtained,. Cows, Horfes, and Sheep eat it. Goats are not fond of it. LO'LIUM temiilen'tum. Spike awned. Little fpikes white comprefled ; containing feveral florets. Linn. Spike Ibmewhat awned. Little fpikes as longastheempal. Huds. I. St. Schreb. 36. — FI. dan. 160. — Leers 12. 2, fpike. — H. awned ox. viii. 2, row, 2. i. n. 2. — Dod. 538, repr.in Lob. obf. 21. 2; Ger. em. 78. i; and cop. in Pari. 1145. i. — Ger. 71, repr. in C. B. th. 1 2 1 . — Muf. rujl. vi. i . i . — Scheuch. i . 7. £. F. and Mont. 18, little fpike. 2. St. H.ox. vni.2, row. 2.1. n.i. — Math. ^11. — jB.ii.437. awnlefs I have found it oftener without awns than with. Mr. Woodw. Corn fields. A. July. Aug. The feeds, mixed with bread-corn, produce but little effe(5t, rjnlefs the bread be eaten hot; but, if malted with barley, the ale Toon occafions drunkennefs. Linn. Made into bread, with a .mall proportion of wheat, and eaten repeatedly, produced vomit- iing, purging, violent cholics, and death. Vol. 67. M. Review, p. 559. — Sheep are not fond of it. LO'LIUM bromoi'des. Panicle undivided, pointing fea rone way. Little fpikes awned. Huds. Fay. 17. 2. Root fibrous. Straws numerous, from 6 to 12 inches high; ob- lique, cylindrical, fmooth, a little branched. Leaves fword-fhaped, H little rolled inwards, fharp, naked, much fhorter than the leaf- tlalk. Leaf-Jlalk fheathing, bellying, naked. Props membranaceous, oluntifh. Little fpikes on fruit-ftalks, ftrap-fhaped ; florets from 4 [08 in each. FruU-Jlalks ihort, thick, rough. Hvjk i valve, ftrap- haped, concave, awned. Blofs. 2 valves, unequal. Outer valve arger, ftiap-fliaped, keeled, awned, rough. Inner valve fmaller, iat, ftrap-fhaped, awnlefs. twice the length of the floret. Huds. Wild Oat-grafs, or Drank. Sea coafts, in loofe fand. A. May. June. R O T T B O L'- TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 12 2. ROTTBOL'LIA.* Linn, the Son. Hard-grajs. ' PI. II. fig. 31. Bpihe-jlalk cylindrical, thread-£haped, very ftraight, jointed. Joints hollowed out downwards towards the joint below with an oblong excavation. Flowers enclofed within the excavated hollows of the fpike-ftalk, folitary, or in pairs ; one with only chives, the other with chives and pointal. Empal. Hujk of I valve. (2 valves. Sp. pi. St.) Valve Cmple, or divided into 2, griftly, lopped at the bafe, ' clofihg up the hollow like a. kind of cover, joined to the fpike-ftalk by a moveable articulation, egg- oblong, pointed, flat- Bloss. ■ HjJk of the floret with- chives and pointal of 2 valves ; valves fpear-ihaped, pointed, concave, unequal, membranaceous, Ihorter than the empalement. HuJk of the floret vvith only chives, if fuch prefent, fimilar to the former. Chives. 'Threads’^; hair-likel T’/pi-ftrap-fhaped, forked at each end. Point. Seed-bud oblong, ftrap-fhaped, lopped, furniflied with a little head, convex on one fide, concave on the other. Shafts 2, thread-fhaped. Summits fea- thered, or pencil-fhaped. S. Vess. None, except the hollows in the joints clofed by the hulk of the empalement which contain the ripe feed, till the fpike-ftalk falls off joint by joint. Seed. One, .the fhape of the, feed-bud. Ess. Char. Spike-jlalk jointed,- roundifi; in feveral fpecies thread-Jhaped. ' Empal. egg-fpear-Jhaped, flat, flmple, or divided into 2. Florets alternate, on a zigzag fpike- jlalk. Linn, the Son. Obs. What is above defcribed as a fpike-ftalk is in fadl the fpike. It might have been added too, that in fome fpecies it js flatted; nei- ther ought the fpike-ftalk to form a generic charadleriftic. Were it admitted, we fhould be obliged to divide the Panicuni and C-ynofurus into 4 genera. St. Ess. Char. Flowers with chives and pointal. * In memory of Chriftian Friis Rottboll, profeffor of botany at Copenhagen, (See catalogue of authors.). Link, the Son. Empal. III. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. £mpal, Hujk foUtary, divided into 2. Blojs. Hujk placed con- trarhvife to that of the empalement. Chives^* Shafts 2, Seed I. Flowers with only chives. Empal. Blojfom and chives as above* Hubs. Obs. evidently of 2 leaves. Blofs. valves 'parallel to the larger of the valves of the empalement. Mr. Hudfon, with the above new charadler, has retained the name of /EgilopSy which ought, however, to be applied to the genus which comprehends rhe iEgilops of the old authors. St. Ess. Char. Empal. 2 contiguous valves, both placed outward- ly, folitary. Blofs. of 2 valves, membranaceous, aim- ' lefs. St. Obs. In the difpofition of its 2 leaved empalement it correfponds «vith yEgilops, but differs in its bloflbm, which, inftead of being griftly and awned, is membranaceous as in the other Rottbollias, iii which, however, the empalement is of i valve as in Lolium. Thus, if its claim to a diftindl genus fhould be inadmiffible, we may be allowed to confider it as forming the connedting link between the two. St. ROTTBOL'LIA incurva'ta. Spike cylindrical, awl- fea ifhaped. Hulk of the empal. awl-fhaped, contiguous, •divided into two. Linn, the Son. fuppl. 1 14. H. ox. viii. 2. 8. — Park, 1146. — Barr. 5 and 6. — Scheuck. 2. i, fpike. without awns, fmooth, thrcad-fhaped, crooked ; but little tthicker than the ftraw. Empal. of 2 valves; both placed outwardly. .B/q/i. valves placed contrariwife to thofe of the empal. Linn.^ -Empal. i/a/i/^5awl-fpear-fhaped, fcored on the outfide juft longer than ithe joint, to the bafeof which they are fixed, i juft fenfibly narrower, : and its edge lapping over that; the zKner open when the bloflbm is : in flower of the other. Blofs. contained between the hollow of the « joint and the innermoft of the valves of the empalement ; valves ■equal in length, brownifti white, the inner fomewhat narrow^er. ’’-Flowers, all which I have ever examined, had a pointal as well as I chives. St. jEgUops incurvata. Linn. Sea coaft. [SaltMarfh, below King’s Wefton, near Briftol. St.] P. July. Aug. 123- 102. EI.'YMUS. triandria digynia: H 102. E L ' Y M U S. Lime-grafs. . ' PI. II. fig. 26. Common Receptacle lengthened into a fpike. Empal. Hujk 4 leaves, pointing from 2 oppofite lines, 2 of the leaves which are awl-fhaped, belonging to each little fpike. Bloss. 2 valves; outer vqhe hvge, tapering; fumifhed with an awn. Valve flat.. Chives. “Threadt 3 ; hair-like ; very fhort. "Tips oblong, forked at the bafe. Point. Seed-bud turban-fhaped. Shafts 2 ; flraddling, hairy, bent inwards. Summits Ample. S. Vess. The bloffom inclofes the feed. Seed. Single; ftrap-fhaped ; convex on i fide; covered.. Ess. Char. Empalement lateral, of 2 valves, containing \ Jeveral florets; incorporated. Obs. The empalement may be confidered as a hulk of 2 leaves,, and 2 of thefe empalements growing together. fea EL'YMUS arenaYius. Spike upright, compact. . Empalements woolly; longer than the floret. — Schreb. 40. — Gmel. i. 25. — (FI. dan. 847, is fame other grafs.Mr. Woodw. as is evident from its minute bloJp)m. — Cluf. ii. 221. 2,. cop. in C. B. 68. 2 ; — Ger. 23, repr. in C. B. tk. 14, cop. in Park. 1277. I, f. B. ii. 478. 2, and H. ox. viii. 2. n;-^ Piuk, 33. ^;—and Scheuch. 3. 17. D. not the plant. — In Mont. 17, the forets are more than- two, and longer than the empalement.) Spil/e upright, long, woolly. Little fpikes 2 together, ftraight,, containing 2 florets, awnlefs. Leaves like thofe of Reeds, bluifh green, orwhitifh; rolled inwards and fharp^pointed. Linn. Seacoaft, in lopfe fand. P. July. Aug. It refills the fpreading of the loofe fand on the fea (bore. Is it not capable of being formed into ropes as the Stipa tenaciflima is ia Spain? Cows, Horfes, and Goats eat it. Sheep refufe it. do.a-s EL'YMUS cani’ms; Triticum canimim» Huds. &e. which fee. wood EL’YMUS europce'us. Spike upright. Little fpikes 2 florets in each; as long as the empalement. — Scheuch. pr. i. i. — Park. 1144.7.(1} — Mont, fore t, ill done. Very ). ■ . III. CHiyES, II. POINTALS. 125 Very xauch refembles the Elymus virginkus, but the leaves of the fence not fcored, and florets 2 . florets-, together with their awns, longer than the fence. Linn. — Evidently an Elymus. Mr. Woodw. St. — Fences the 2 leaves proceeding from an exceedingly fhort pe- dicle, diftin<5t from that of the floret. Scheuch. St. — Leaves of the fence equal, fomevvhat fcored towards the end. Florets often 2, and both fertile ; the lower on an exceedingly fhort fruit-ftalk ; the upper on a fruit-ftalk, nearly half Its length, with the rudiment of a 3d fruit-ftalk at the bafe of the inner valve. Haller, Murray, and Hudfon have made it a Hordeum, not refledling, that in the Elymus philadelph. and canadens. the lower littlc-fpikes are often found in threes ; and, I may alfo add, with a treble fence of 2 leaves as in the Hordeum. Indeed, none of them feem ever to have found it with Uttle /pikes has 12 to i/j. florets.) Triticum caninuni. Mcench. — Priticum dumetorum. Germ, fynon. Gram.fpica, iSc. diSlum cum fpica 'ariftata: R. fyn. 390* Var. 7. Leaves fea-green, ftifF, lharp. Huds. Empalements containing from 3 to 8 pointed florets. Huds» Dogs-grafs, Squilch-grafs, Couch-grafs, ^uitch-grafs. Very common. P. June. — Atig; It is a moft troublefome weed in arable lands, and can only be deflroyed by fallowing in a dry fummer. At Naples the roots are colledled in large quantities, and fold in the market to feed horfes ; they have a fweet tafte, fomething ap- proaching to that of liquorice ; when dried, and ground to meal, they have been made into bread in years of fcarcity. The juice of them drank liberally is recommended by Boerhaave in obftrudlions of the vifcera ; particularly in cafes of fchirrhous liver and jaun- dice. Cattle are frequently found to have fchirrhous livers in the ivinter, and they foon get cured when tnrned out to grafs in the fpring. Dogs eat the leaves to excite vomiting. — Horfes eat them when young, but leave them when fully grown. Mr. Southwell, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat them. TRLT'ICUM Empalement pointed. Awns dogs longer than the bloffom. Root fibrous. St. — Empale- ments awl-fhaped, with moftly 4 florets. Florets awned, Huds. — Root perennial. Spike fomewhat podding. Lit- tle fpikes upright. Awns very long. Schreb. Leers 12. 4. ll. fpike, Isfc, — H. ox. viii. i. row. 3. 2. — Buxb. iv. 50. (Gmel. i. 27, refemblesit, but, from the defcription, feems to be a different plant.) VoM. K Leaves !!• «3o -^tRIANORlA OIGYNIA. leaves bare of hair's •underneath. Skeafk fmookh. Little fpikes 5 or '6 ilines long. Empal. 3 lines long. Lowermoft blofs. 4 or 5 lines long; oKter valve fending out from k bluntifti -point, an awn, from 7 to 9 lines long. Scheuch. St. 1 never faw the little fpikes in pairs. Sc-KREB.-~i?oot not creeping. Reich. — Blofs. inner valve _ ipear-fhaped juft fenfibly longer than the outer; oiuer bare of hairs, edges at the point membranaceous. The above'circumftances-dif- tinguifh it'from theJ^i^wcfl j^'^jyaftca, which it very much refembles in its general appearance. ;St. T’viticum caninum. L.tnn. fp. pi. ed.I. H'uds. Schreb. fpicileg. Elymvs caninus. 'Lin-n. Woods and hedJgcs. [Ripton Wood, Huntingdonfliire, and in the North j frequent. Mr. Wood wa-r-d.] P. June. July. fea Fefcue TRIT'IC^UM marit'mim. Empalements containing feveral {harp-pointed florets. Spikehranched. — Poa loliacea. Hu’DS. which fee. Straw fomewhat branched ; about a fpan high . Leaves as long as the ftraw; the fheathing -part purple. .S/fk branched, -almoft re- fembling a -panicle; fts brancheS'angu'lar. -Little fpikes of 8 or 10 floretSj alternate, Qomprefted; th-ickeft at the bafe; fitting; in the branches fometimes folitary* Linn. Sea fhore, common. A. June. July. G RAS S E S have ^iorieycup of afeaves, rather oblong; but, ash fumiflie^ no generic diftinftion, it was thought fuperfluous to mention it every where. Einn. T R I T'l C tf M Irdmoi'Jes, Little fpikes cylindrical ; remote. \Vi goers. Fijlucaplnnata. Hods, which fee. It is not a Triticum, but I have given "VVigger’s nartie and charaSer for the fake of the inveftigating botanift, St. Order III. cttiVEs, m. I'omTALs. Order III. , \ TRIGYMIA; III. POINT ALS. 107. MO N'T I A. Blinks. (RUf.) Empal. Cup 2 leaves. Little leaves egg-ftiaped, concave* blunt; upright; permanent. Bloss. i petal, deeply divided into 5 parts. The 3 al- ternate fegments Imaller than the reft> and fupporting the chives. Chives, "threads^; hairlike; as long as the bloffom, in- to which they are inferted. "tips fiilali. Point. .Seed- W turban-lhaped. Shafts^; woolly; ex- panding. Summits fimple. S. Vess. Capfule turban-fhaped, blunt; covered; of i cell and 3 valves. Seeds. 3; roundilh. Ess. Char. Cup 2 leaves. Blofs. i petal; irregular, Capf. I ceH; 3 valves. Obs. The cup has frequently 3 leaves, 'and then there are often 5 chives. Linn. MO N'T I A fonta'na. Mont. 13. 2. — Curt. iii. 32. — Vaill. 3. 4. — Buk. 7. 5, cop. by Pet. 10. 12.— fZ. dim. 131. — y. B. iii: 786. 3.^ .SZms fucculent, trailing, crooked; white or tinged with pink. : Leaves rather flefhy, egg^fhaped, oppofite'; 2 at each joint of the . ftem. Flowers on long or Ihort crooked fruit-ftalks rifing from the ibofom of the leaves. Blofs. white. Seeds black, fhining; dotted when magnified. With. Smtdl Water Chiekweed, or Purjldne. Springs and watery lanes. Sometimes in Wet ploughed lands. [Hockley Pool Grate, near Birmingham. With. — Wet heaths in INorfolk, frequent. Mr. Woodward.] A. May. K 2 13* xmter 189. TIL. 132 TRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA, 189. T I L L'iR'A. EmpAl. Cupyvith 3 divifions, flat. Segments egg-fhaped, . hsgQ. .(Segments pointed, coneave, approaching. Rose.) Bloss. Petals egg-fhaped, pointed, flat, moflly fmaller than the cup. (Petals concave. Rose.) Chives. “Threads.^, Ample, fhorter than the blofs. “Tips fmall, (roundtjk. Rose.) Point. Seed-buds^.' Shafts .SymmiV/ blunt. S. Vess. Capfules oblong, tapering, reflefted; as long as the bloffoixi ; opening lengthways up^vards. Seeds. 2 ; egg-fhaped. Ess. Char. Cup with or ^ dififiQns . Petals 3 or 4; egual. Capjules 3 or 4, with feveral feeds . Obs. In the 7"..flyzw^^ca, a Dative of Europe, though not yet found in Britain, 4 is the prevailing number in the parts of fruct- ification. mojjy TILLi^i'A mufcofa. Stems trailing. Bloflbms '^it]^ 3 clefts. — , Pofe 2. 2, natural fize.A. magnified B. — Mich. 20, as grounng wild H. H. cultivated /. magnified K. parts cffrufHf. A. — G. — Mr. Woodward. 67m5 at firfl; nearly upright, generally red. Rose.^ — Parts of fruc^ ftjfcaf/on never more than 3. in pairs, flefhy. Floral leaves fbaped like the other leaves, but fmaller. Stalks confiderabJy longer after , flowering. Mr. Rofe’s defcription very 'good. Mr. W'ooDWARD. — Of the fame natural family with the Sedum, Sem- pervivum', &c. St. [Dry heaths, Norf. and Suffolk. Mr. Woodw.] P. May. June. ' ' no. H O L O S'T E U M. Empal. Cup ^ leaves. Little leaves eg^-ih^iped, permanent. Bloss. Petals 5, deeply divided, blunt, equal. Chives, f breads 3; hair-like; fhovter than the bloflbm. Lips roundiflr. Point. Seed-bud roundifli. Shafts 3 ; hair-like. Summits bluntifli. S. Vess. Capf. 1 cell, rather cylindrical ; opening at the top. Seeds. Several, roundiflr. Ess. Char. Cup ^ leaves. Petals^. Capfule i cell, nearly cylindrical, opening at lop. H O L O S'- III. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. HOLOS'TEUM umhella'tum. Flowers in rundles.—- rundled Ceraftiam umheUatum. Huds. which fee. 112.' POLYCAR'PON. Allfeed.- E-mpal. Cup 5 leaves. Little leaves 'egg-fhaped, concave, keeled ; ending in a fharp point; permanent. Bloss. Petals 5, very fhort, egg-lhaped, notched at the end, alternate; permanent. ’ Chives. "Threads 3, thread-fhaped ; half the length of the Cup. Tips roundifh. Point, egg-ftiaped. 3,'very fhort. 5um- mits blunt. S. Vess. Capfule egg-fhaped, of i cell and 3 valves. Seeds. Many; egg-inaped. Ess. Char. Cup 5 leaves. Petals 5, veryjmall, egg-Jhaped. Capfule I cell; 3 valvef. POLY C AK'P tetraphyl'lum.hitiu. — Stembranch- four^leaved ing, trailing. Leaves in fours. Linn, the Soi^, Malth. 734. — Barr. 534. — J. B. iii;366. 2. — Lob, adv. 196. I. The flowers are fometimes without petals. Hups. — It alters its habit fo much by cultivation as hardly to be known at firfl: fight. Mr. WooDw. — Cup-leaves keeled; edges membranaceous.' Leaves oval, very entire, on leaf-ftalks, growing moftly in fours.' Mr. Newbery.^"' 1 Dry fandy ground. [Lymfton, near Exeter. Mr. Newb'ery.] .A. May.— Aug. K 3 -Clajs 9 i Clqfs IV. TETRANDRJA. IV, CHIVES. ) ] TH E Chives in this Clafs are 4, and all of the fame | length ; whereas, in the fourteenth dais, which is j likewife compofed of flowers with 4 chives, the chives are I unequal in length, 2 of them being long, and 2 fhort. | The fourth divifion of the firfl; Ord&r includes the f Stellate or Starry plants, which admit of the follow- | ing Natural Character, ! $ T E L L ^ 'T JE. Starry Plants, j^MPAL. Cup {mall; with 4 teeth; permanent; fuperior. Bloss, I petal; tubular. Border expanding; with 4 diyifipns. Chives. 'Threads 4. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud hene^; double. Shaft thread-fhaped ; cloven. Seeds. 2 ; fomewhat globular. Obs. Stem 4 cornered. Leaves furrounding the ftem in form of aftar, Martyn. Cat. Cant. The plants correfpondlng with this ijatural chara<5ler are aftringent and diuretic. IV. CHIVES^ I. POINTAL. *35 Order 1. MONOGYNIA; J.POIXXAL. *' Flowers of i Petal, ani i Seed — fuperior. Incorporated. 120, Dip'sacuj, - - Common Em^aL' lesfy. Receptacle conical, chaffy. Seeds like little pillars, 1 2 1. SoABio'sA. - - Empal. common to ffeveral' florets. Recept. raifed, a little chaffy. Sfpdl crowned; rolled in a cover. Flowers of i beneath; and i Seed-veffel. 15 1. Cento n'culus. il/o/f. wheel-fhaped.£;n^fl/,. deeply divided into 4, parts. Capfule i cell ; cut rounds 148. Planta'go. - Blofs. bent back as if broken. Ein- ' pal. divided into 4 parts. Capf 2 cells ; cut round. f Gentiana campeftris. G'ehtiana filiformis. Piomrs(f I Petal — fuperioi'; and i Sead-veffal. 152. Sanguisor'ba, - Blofs. flat. Cup 2 leaves. Capf.‘ 4 cornered ; between the cup and the bloffom, Flaaiersqf 1 Petal— and 2 Berries. Starry-. 134, Ru'bia. - ^ Blofs. bell->-fhaped. Fruit a berry. 132. Gal'ium. - •- jB/o/}. flat'. FrMtif nearly globular, f Valantia cruciaUi.- , ' 128. Asper'ula. - - il/q/j, tubular, FrwV nearly glo- • bular. 127. Sherar'dia. -r - B/q/>. tubular, Frz/tV crowned. 5'eed'; with 3 teeth., **'■**=* Flowers of 4 Petals — beneath. •f Cardamlnehirfuta. Evonymus europoeus, Parietaria officinalis^. pioxners of 4 Petals — fuperior. i^^.Cor'nus. - - with 4 teeth ; deciduous. , S. Veffel pulpy ; including a done with 2 cells. K 4 Flowers 13^ T E T R A N D R I A. m^f:**** Flowers mpeTje& — beneath. 177. Al«hkmil'la. - £m^a/. with 8 clefts. Seed i, enr clofed in the empalement. Order 11. Dior MIA; JI.POlNtALS. j8o. Bufo'nia. - r £/q/}. 4 petals. Empal, 4 leaves. Cap/. I cell, 2 valved, 2 feeded. 182. Cus'cuta. - - Blofs, with 4 clefts, egg-fhaped. , Empal. with 4 clefts. CapJ. 2 cells, cut round. ' 178. Aph'anes. - - Blofs.o.Empal.with.Sclehs.Seeds2. •{• Herniaria glabra. Gentiana campeftris. Gentiana filiformis, Galium Mollugo. Galium Aparine. Order 111. TETRAGYMIA; IV. POIMtALS, 184. I'lex. r ~ - £/o/jr. 1 petal. Empal. 4. toothed. Berry 4 feeded. 188. Sagi'na. - - - Blofs. 4 petals. Empal. 4 leaves. • Capf. 4 cells. Seeds mzny. 189. Till^'a. - - See page 132. 186. Potamoge'ton. Blofs. o. Empal. 4 leaves. Seeds 4, . fitting. 187. Rup'pia. - - Blofs. o. Empal. o. Seeds 4, on ioot- ftalks. •J* Holofteum umbellatum. Linum Radiola. L ' ■ 120. DIP'- I IV. CHIVES, I. POINT /IL. 137 i 120. D I P'S AC U S. Teafel. j IEmpal . Common Cup many leaves containing feveral florets. Little leaves wnich form the cup longer than the flo- rets ; flexible ; permanent. Proper Cup fuperior ; fcarcely perceptible. 5loss. General, regular. Individuals of i petal, tubular. Border with 4 clefts ; upright. The outer Segment larger and fharper. iCmvES. ‘threads 4 ; hair-like; longer than the bloflbm. Pips fixed fid^-ways. I Point. Seed-bud henezth. thread-fhaped; as long as the bloflbm. Summit Ample. ‘ S. Vess. None. 'Seed. Solitary'; refembling fquare pillars; crowned with ‘ the entire margin of the proper cup. Receptacle common conical. Florets feparated by long chaffy leaves. Ess. Char. Empal common, of many leaves. Proper cup fuperior. Receptacle chaffy. DIP'SACUS fullo'num. Leaves fitting; ferrated. manured Linn. — Chaff bowed back. Mill.Jacq. — Rather hooked. S.Sauv. St. j Toum. 265, a fingle head. — Fuchs. 224, cop. in Trag. 847, and J. jB. iii. 73. — Matthiol. 661 , cop. in Dod, 735. 1; repr. in Lob. obf. 487. I. — Ger. em. 1167. 1, which is cop. in Parh. 984. I, with afeparatehead. — H.ox. vii. 36. i. — Zanon. 68. Scales much harder than thofe of the D. fylvejlris. Hall. St. Dipjacus fuUomm. Linn. ■ It is cultivated for the ufe of the clothiers, who employ the h^ads ‘ ■ with crooked awns to raife the knap upon w’oollen cloths. For this purpofe they are fixed round the circumference of a large broad wheel, which is made to turn round, and the cloth is held againft them. The plant flowers in June and July, and the heads are col- « ledled in Auguft. I DIP'SACUS fylveftris. Chaff ft raight. Mill. Sauv. zvild Jacq. — Leaves entire. J A CQ. Jacq. aujtr. 402. — Curt. iii. 34. — Blackw. 50. — Fuchs. 225, cop. in J. B. iii. 74. — Matth. 602, cop. by Dod. 735, repr. by Lob. oA/. 487. 3, Ger. m. 1167. 2, which cop. by Park. 2. — ' Ger, 138 TE’JRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ger. 100^. I, heads ripe.—'H, ox. vii. 36. ^.^fGer. 1005. 2, is D. laciniatus.) Leaves ferrated. Mill. — Growing together at the bafe. Murr. Common Empal. leaves long, encircling the head. Curt. St. — Longer than the head. Mr. Wood w. — Chaffs, home of the lower ones gently bowed downwards, but not hooked at the point. St. — Empal. common with leaves of different fizes, long, {lender, fharp, edged with fharp-pointedbriftles, or rather prickles. Florets col- ledled into egg-fliaped heads, andfeparated by white, ftrap-fhaped, channelled leaves, terminating in awns, and hairy towards the end. Proper cup ^ cornered, greenifh, downy at the rim. Blojs. tube white, 4 cornered, woolly; border purple, cloven into 4 blunt, fhallow, fegments, one of whic^i is longer than the reft. Chives not longer than the bloffom. Leawi fpear-fhaped, the mid-rib fet with hooked prickles, as is alfo theftem. With. Dipjacus Julbnum, (Sfc. Lin-n. Uncultivated places, wet hedge banks. — I have not found it north of Derbyfh. and Nottlnghamlh. Mr; Wood, B. June. — Aug, /mail DIP'SACVS pUo'fus. Leaves on leaf-ftalks, with ' little appendages. Linn. — ('T'Ae /oK'fr onej have no appen- dages. Jacq.) i Curt. I. 9. — jfacq. aujlr. 248. — Blackw. 124. 2. — H. ox. vii. 36. , . 5. — Park. 984. 4. — Matlh. 663, cop. in Dod. 735. 3, repr. in, Lob. ohj. 487. 2, and Ger. em. 1168. 3. — Blackw. 124. i. — y. B.iii. 75. 2. Fruit-Jlalks iet \nrith ftrong briftly hairs. Empal. common, fpear- ftiaped leaves, covered on the outfide with briftly hairs. Florets colledled into globular heads, and feparated by leaves fimilar to thofe of the common empalement. Outer cup 4 cornered, fhinny, lopped. Imier cup hrger, 4 cornered, with 4 fhallow fegments, and fringed with foft hairs. Blofs. fegments nearly equal, greenifh white. SKTTrartftightly cloven into 2 or 3 parts. angular; fet with prickles pointing upwards. Branches oppofite, rifing from the bofom of the leaves. Leaves fpeax-fhaped, ferrated, prickly along the mid-rib. With. Shepherds Rod. Shepherds Staff. Hedges and damp places. [Lilleftiall Abbey, Shropfhire. With, — Abbey-lane, Evefham. Worcefterfhire. Mr. Ballard.] B. Linn. Jacq. P. Huds. Aug. 121, S CAB I- IV. CHIVES^ I. POINTAL. 121. SCABIO'SA. Scabious. IEmpal. Common Cup of many leaves, expanding ; con- taining many norets. The leaves fit upon and fur- round the receptacle in feveral rows, the inner ones of which become gradually fmalier. Proper Cup double ; fuperior. Outer Cup (hort ; membranaceous ; plaited ; permanent. Inner Cup with 5 divifions ; the fegments between awl and [hair-ftiaped. ^Loss.. General regular ; but moftly compofed of irregular florets. Individuals of i petal ; tubular ; with 4 or 5 clefts,; equal, or unequal. Qyuvzs* ‘threads 4; between awl and hair-lhaped ; lim- ber. ‘tips oblong,, fixed; fide\vays. Point. Seed-bud henesXh ; rolled in a proper fheath, like a little cup. Shaft thread-fhaped, as; long as the bloflTom,. Summit blunt ; obliquely notched at the end. IS. Vess. None, I Seed. Solitary; oblong egg-fhaped; rolled in a cover ; varioufly crowned by the proper cups. Receptacle common, convex, befet with chaffy leaves; Ess. Ghar. Common empal. many-leafed. Proper cup dou- ble, fuperior. Receptacle chaffy, or naked. r Obs. Outer bloflbms generally larger and more irregular. Seeds , crowned differently in different fpecies. Florets having 4 or 5 clefts. . afford a primary fpecific diftindlion. Linn. 139 SCABIO'SA fucci'fa. Bloffoms with 4 cleft, equal. Devils-hit Stem undivided. Branches near together. Leaves be- tween egg and fpear-fhaped. — LmIw. 193. — Curt. iii. 32. — FI. dan. 2yg. — Fuchs. 715, cop. in trag. 24^, J. B. iii. II, and H.ox.-vi. 1^. /g. — Blackw. 142. — Matlh. 623, leaves too large. — Dod. 124. i, repr. in Lob. obf. 295. 2, Ger. em. 726, and cop. in Park. 492. i . — Ger. 587, root-leaves alfo ferreted. Stem-leaves ferrated in all the figures except FI. dan. (Column phytob. 10, appears to me a different fpecies.) Blofs. fometimes flefh-coloured, or white. Ray. St. — Stem-leaves toothed. Jiloteiers nearly globular. Curt. — Root-leaves very entire. Stepi-leaves fometimes fawed. Stem fometimes fimple, and not more 140 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. more than a hand’s breadth high. Leaves entire. Specimen gathered by Mr. Watt, on Stavely Downs, Cornwall, near the fea. St.— Proper Cup (the outer cup of L\ ns.) 4 cornered, hairy; with 4 {hal- low clefts, the fegments fringed with white hairs. Honeycup (the inner cap ^ Linn.) enclofing the feed-bud, crowned with a con- cave, glandular receptacle, armed with 4 or 5 flrong reddifh-black bviftles. Befides the above apparatus, each floret is furnifhed with a green fpear-fhaped floral leaf, terminated by a white taper briftle. Sieni and feayej rough with hair. Blojs. bluifh purple; fometimes double. With. Fields and paftures, frequent. P. June. — Aug. The dried leaves are ufed to dye wool yellow or green. Linn.-^ ' A flrong decoeflion of it, continued a good while together, was an . empirical fecret for- gonorhoeas-, •. feld SC.ABIO'SA arven'jis. Bloffoms with 4 clefts, ra- diating. Leaves with winged clefts, and jagged. Stem rough with ftrong hairs. — Ludw. 21, forets notexprejfed. — Sheldr.gS, kaf, head, i0c. — FI. dan. 447. — Fucks, "jid, cop. by Frag. 242, andJ.B. iii. 2. i. — Ger. ,583. 4. — Blaclw. 185. — H. ox. vi. 13. i. — Ger. em. 720. 4. — Dod. 122. I, repr. in Lob. obf. 291. i, Ger. em. . yig. i, and cop. in Park. 5. I , habit too Jliff. Sometimes fmooth. Flowers fometimes white, and all the leaves, entire. Hall. — Common empal. fringed with long, white hairs. Proper Cup ^corntrtA, hairy; with 4 fmall teeth . Honeycup (the inner cap ^ Linn.) enclofing the feed-bud; crowned with a con- cave receptacle, fet with fhining glands on the infide, and armed with 8 or 12 fpear-fhaped, ferrated, greenifh, briflly fubflances, hairy at the bale. Florets in the.circumjerence larger, with 4 unequal clefis. Florets in the center regular. ‘Fips fixed to the threads by the middle. Sn.-nTniMvith 2 or 3 flat, broad clefts. Seed-bud enclofed by the lower part, of the honeycup. Leaves rough with hairs and tubercles; fpear-fhaped, and more or lefs jagged; fome of them cut into winged clefts. Stem, towards the .bottom, fpotted.with dark purple. Blofs. a little w.oolly; blue, .purple, or white. With. Paftures and corn fields. P. July. Aug. Sheep and Goats eat it. Horfes and Cows not fond of it. Slightly aftringent, bitter, and faponaceous. fmall SCABIO'SA Columba'ria. Bloffoms with 5 clefts, radiating. Root-leaves egg-flraped, fcolloped. Stem- leaves winged, briftly. — Wale. IV. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. IVak. — Ger. 582. 2. — Column, phytob. 22. — Cluj. ii. 2. 2, repr. in Dod. 122.^, Lob. obf. 2gq. 2, Ger. em. Jig. 2, -and cop. by Park. i. — J.B. in. 4. — Matth. gjo. — FI. dan. 314, fovuers half as large again as any / have ever feen. — H. ox. vi. 14. 20. — (Herm. par. 221, feems tome to be a different fpecies.J Feather with brliUes 5 times as long as the blolfom. Linn. Dry hilly paftures, frequent. P. June. — Aug, Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. The Papilio Matiirna feeds upon all the fpecies. 151. CENTUN'CULUS. ChafFWeed. Em PAL. G//) with 4 clefts ; expanding; permanent. Seg- ments {hdixp, fpear-fhaped ; longer than the bloffom. Bloss. I petal; wheel-lhaped. fomewhat globular. Border flat, tvith 4 clefts. Segments nearly egg-fhaped. Chives. ‘Theads 4; nearly as long as the blolfom. Tips Ample. Point. Seed-bud roundifli ; within the tube of the blolfom. Shaft thread-fliaped ; as long as the blolfom ; per- manent. Summit Ample. S. Vess. Capfule giohuhr ; of i cell; cut round. Seeds. Several; roundilh ; very.fmall. Ess. Char. Empal. 4 defied. Blofs. 4 defied, expanding. Chives Jhprt. Capfule i cell; cut round. Obs. Allied to AnagaUis, but differs in its empal. being longer than the blolfom ; its blolfom crowhiijg the feed-veiTel, and its threads being bare. St. C E N T U N'C ULUS min'imus. Curl. ili. 31. — FI. dan. 177. — Vail. 4. 2. — Mich. 18. 2, confirmed by Mr. Woodward. Blofs. minute; white; in the bofom of the leaves. Linn. — Leaves alternate, and not oppolite, as in Anagallis. Mich. — Blofs. con- tinuing and adhering like a calyptra to the point of the capfule, ne- ver expanding but when the fun fhines ftrohgly upon them. Curt. — Bant very’ fmall, branched, forked. Leaves fometimes oppoCte towards the bottom ; egg-lhaped, pointed, fmooth, flelhy, pellu- cid at their edges, and brownifh underneath . Flowers folitary. Ro t h . liajlard Pimpernel. Moift fandy ground. A. June. 148. P LAN- i4f Pimpernel I I 142 TETRANDKIA MONOGYNiA. 148. PLANTA'GO. Plantain. Em PAL. have an caigular jlalk. ) Stalk nearly 2 edged. Mr. Ho llefeaU.— Lea!:;e5with 7 l ibs. Mr. Woodward. 0. Ger. 339. I, cop. in J. B. iii. 505. 3. 3. Petiver. Leaves with large teeth towards tlie bafe. Sr. Pet. 4. 2.— PcrL 494. 5. d. y. Spike leafy. Flower-leaves dlfpofed in a pyramidal form. St. Ger. 340. 5. — H. ox. viii. 15. 3. b. c. — Perk. 494. 5. b. — J. B. iii. 503. I, — Ger. etn. 42O. 4, upper branch.-^Pet. 4. 4, upper branch. i. Spike leafy. Flower-leaves difpofed in a rofe-like form. St. Park. 494. 5. c. cop. in H, ox. viii. 15. 3. a, — jf. B. iii. 503. i. — Pet 4. 4, lower branch. This and the pyramidal often rife from the fame root. Stalk branching into a panicle. St. Dod. 107. 2, repr. in Lob. obj. 162. 4, Ger. cm. 420. 6, ind cop. in y. B. iii. 503. 2, Park. 494. 5. a. and Pet. 4. 5. — H. ox. viii. 15.4. [Bedingham, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.] dwarf dented pyramidal rofe befom Seeds IV. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 143 black; 2 in each cell. Scop. — Capfiile 6 (etied. Leeks. — v^ments of the cup concave, fkinny at the edges. Fhral-ieifhotit- ilhaped, flefhy, larger than the cup. Blofs. fldnny. Tips pointed. fpout-fhaped. with 7 or 9 ribs . Stalk rough with ihort brovvnifh hair. With. Way-bread. Road fides and foot paths, common. A. Hudf. P. Linn. June. — ^Aug. Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat k. Gmvs and Horfes refufe it. The common people apply the green leaves to cuts. PLANTA'GO me'dia. Leaves betv^een fpear and hoary sgg-fhaped ; dotvny. Spike and ftalk cylindrical. — Curt. iv. 43. — fl. dan. 5.81. — fValc. — Fucks. 39; cop. hij. E. ni. 504. 1. — Matth. 480, cop. in Cluf. ii. 109. i ; repr, in Dod. ^ 107.4, Loi. 0^. 162. 3, Ger. m. 419. 2, and re-cop, in J. B. iii.504.2; JJ. olr.viii. 15.6, andFH.^.-g. — Ger,336. 2. — ' Trag.226.1. — 493. 3. — Spike. (J. 5.111.505.3, is PI. major. 0.J Lciiaes not toothed. Ci5 reddifh brown. Leaves, thofe in the fame whorl of different fizes ; fcarcely rough to the touch. Stem 4 cor- nered; the corners fet with fharp hooked prickles, pointing down- ? rvards. Blojfoms numerous, white, on lateral and terminating fruit- -s ftalks; forming a fort of rundle, cloven into 3 parts, and again | fub-divided. Wnn.^White Ladies Bed Straw. iji Cows, Sheep, and Horfes eat it. Goats and Swine refufe it. | Banks of rivulets, pools, and moift meadows. P. July. \ 2 . nanum. St. — Similar to variety 1 , but fcarcely a foot in length. Hall. St. — Refembling the figure of G. trifidum in tlie FI. dan. j but readily diftinguifhable by the bloffom with 4 diviftons, and the j fruit- ftalks. Found by Dr. Withering. St. ( 3. hexaphyllum. St. — Leaves in fixes, narrower, but always ; blunt, and generally unequal. As large as variety i. Hall. St. ' — It fhould feem that Mr. Hudfon’s new charatfter of “ Lower “ leaves in fours, inverfely egg-fhaped; upper ones in fixes, ftrap- ' “ fhaped; ftem fpreading,” had been taken from a view of this ! variety only. Branches next in roughnefs to thofe of the G. Aparine Jpurium, and Valaiitia Aparine. This plant I have been accuftomed with Dr. Withering to refer to the uliginofum, and I have received it from the fon of Prof. Jacquin with the fame title. But the inequa- lity and bluntnefs of the leaves, and the want of the thorn like . point of the idiginofum as deferibed by Linnaeus, Haller, and Pollich, induce me to believe it with Haller, and, I may add, Ray (hift.) to be a variety of the palujlre, though, being found in the fame litu- ations, it is not unlikely but it may turn out to be a diftinift fpecies. St. In all refpeefts refembling the paiufire except that the leaves grow in fixes. With, — In the fame lituations as variety i. GALT- IV. CHIVES, L POINTAL. 151 G AL'I U M trocum'bens. St. — Leaves in fixes, in- trailing verfely e^-fhaped, fharp-pointed, fmooth. Stem pro- ftrate. ftuit-ftalks 3-forked. Huds. Leaves of the flowering ftems fpear-fhaped, flightly hairy ,* the reft ge- nerally inverfely egg-fliaped, in fours. Stem fmooth. — (Foluscauliumfiorigerumjenis, lanceolatis, hirfutuUs ; ramorum jubqua- ternis obovatis ; caule projlrato glabro.J St. Pet. 30. 6. — fj. B. iii. 716. 2, feems a different plant, and is re- ferred by Liiinceus to G. uliginojum.j Dlftlnguilhablefrom G./)alay?rebyitsbeingmuchIefs, bythefmooth- nefs of its Jlems and .leaves, and by Its place of growth. Rw.hijl. — Seems to be a variety of G. uliginofum growing in dry and moun- tainous paftures. Lightf. — But I have found it to be the fame in marlhes as on hills. St. — Stems and branches matted together and fpreading upon the ground, frwit fmooth. With. St. — Flowering fiem from 2 to 6 inches high. Leaves oi the ftem fometimes inverfe- ly egg-fpear-fhaped ; edges befet with minute prickly hairs pointing towards the end ; keel fmooth; thofe of the branches fometimes in fives. St .W i t h . — Leaves, often 4 In a whorl at the bottom of the ftem, 5 about the middle, and 6 at the top , unequal in fize though in the fame whorl. Stems twifted; cylindrical to the naked eye, but when confiderably magnified they appear to have 4 rounded corners. Pu?i- d/er of flowers, lateral and terminating, i, 2, or 3 rundles fpring- ingfrom the whorls at the joints of the ftem. Cup none. Shaft cloven more than half way down. With. Galium montanum. Huds. who ftiould feem not to have obferved that Linnaeus had given the fame trivial name to a different plant In his fp. pi. publifhed in the fame year with the ift edit, of the FI. ang. St. — (Sot G. caule angulojo, foliisfenis, fubafperis, arijlatis. Hall. 715, which is G. ajperum. S c h r e b . fpicil. and G. fylvejtre. Po l l i c ii . as is evident from a comparifon of Haller’s defcription with fpeci^ mens of both plants. St.) Heaths and mountains. Huds. — Alfo in marfhy places. Ray. St. — I fufpeift, however, that Ray’s fpecies comprehends alfo the G. Mollugo in its dwatjy Jlate, which fee variety 2. St. [Dudley Wood. With.] P. June. — Aug. G AL'I U M uliginofum. Leaves in fixes, fpear-fhaped, marjh fharp-pointed, ftiff, with prickly ferratures bowed back- wards. Bloffoms larger than the fruit.— Barr. 82. — J. B. iii. 216. 2. Leaves free from hairs, ending in a thornlike point. S. vejfel fmooth. Lksn. St. — Leoues fometimes 7 or 8 in a whorl. Huds. — Blojs. white, v/Ith a tinge of rofe-colour. Hall. St. Stem, L 4 angles TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. angles rough with minute prickles. Leaves 5 lines long, (nearly) I broad, often bent downwards. Pollich. St. C Aparins FI. lapp. 58, muft be a wrong reference, as is evident from the feeds being defcribed with hooked hairs. St.) Meadows, paftures, and wet heaths. On the lower bog Chiflel- hurft. Ray. P. July. , Horfes, Cows, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. j: upright GAL'IUM erec'tum. Leaves moftly 8 in a whorl; fpear-fhaped, with fine prickly ferratures. Panicles with 3 divifions. Stem rough, flaccid. Huds. CJac. aujlr. 80, according to Huns, but the fpecimens of the G. au~ Jiriac. J A c Q. from the profejfor'sfon have a Jmooth ftem, and are a quite different plant. St. — Jacquin too defcribes botkthe leaves and jtem as Jleek and jhining. With.) Root branched. Stf7K5 numerous, jointed, rather upright; fwelled at the joints; 4 cornered, the edges roughifh; fomewhat hairy, , branched: flowering branches oppofite. Leaves 8, fometimes 6 in a whorl; fitting, fpear-fhaped, and between ftrap and fpear-fhaped; bare. The terminating panicle divided into 3. Flowers white, 4 defied. 5eei5fmall, fmooth. Huns. — Leauei in whorls, from 4 to 5 inches diftant from each other; bent back; ferratures directed j towards the point of the leaf, and not bowed back as in the reft of | the rough-leaved fpecies. My fpecimen agrees in every refpedl ex- 3 cept the ftem which is fmooth. St. ! Meadows and wet paftures. [Heydon Common, Norfolk. Mr. Bryant.] P. June. July. corn .GAL'IUM fpu'rium. Leaves growing by fixes; fpear- fhaped, keeled, rough with prickles pointing backwards. Joints of the ftem Ample. Fruit fmooth. — Vain. 4. 4. — { a) the Jeed-veJfel, is referred to byFIaller, though the fruit has a few^fhort hairs upon it. Mr. Hudfon does not refer to any figure. — (b. is a feed-veffel of the G. Aparine.) Has a near affinity to G. Aparine, but fmaller. Stems fpreading. Leaves 6, not 8 ns in G , Aparine ; furface alfo befet with prickles pointing backwards. Seeds, when ripe, juft fenfibly wrinkled. Linn. Aparine femine laviore. R. hijl. 484. fyn. 225, from Ray’s defcription of “ feeds not entirely fmooth, but much lefs hairy than thofe of the G. Aparine," appears at leaft to be the plant of Vaill. above I referred to, which, whether the G. /pwi'zm or not, is readily diftin- gViifhable from the V. Aparine by the firft divifion of the fruit-ftalks ijeing furroimded v/ith a whorl of leaves. Haller, however, affures U.S, IV. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 153 lus.that the fpecimen fenthim by Mr. Hudf, was the ValanUa Aparine. i It is pity that this remark of his learned corrcfpondent fhould have : efcaped Mr. Hudfon’s notice. My fpecimens were cultivated un- I derthe name of G. Jpuriuvi in the botanic garden of Mr. Sole, of ft Bath, but are undoubtedly V. Aparine. On thefe accounts I am i induced to infert it, believing that, and not the G. Jpurium, to be 'i the plant defcnbed in the FI. ang. St. Corn fields. life of Wight, and in Surrey. A. June. July. % GAL'IUM tricor'ne. Fruit-ftalks from the Tides of three-horned • the ftem almoft bare of leaves, dividing into 3 ; pedicles bowed back.* — Valantia Afarine. The flowers that have I only chives cloven into 3 ; on pedicles which grow on the : fruit-ftalkof theflowerproducingchivesandpointals.LiNN. Vain. 4. 3. a. — (b. is Aparine femine coriandri faccharati of Park, given as a fynonym in the hort. upf. but which, I think, is very pro- perly regarded by VailL as a diJlinSl fpecies.J bearing 3 flowers curved downwards. Hall. St. — Leaves from 6 to 8 ; upper furface fmooth , rib underneath rough. Fruit roughifh, befet witli a number of minute tubercles, but which do not end in hairs. Pollich. St. — Rundles on fruit-ftalks, gene- rally 2 to a whorl, oppofite, dividing into 3 branches; not leafy at the bafe, each bearing one fruit. The above as cultivated. In Vaill. fig. each rundle feldom produces more than one perfecft fruit. St. Place of growth, &c. tee G. fpurium. GALTUM ang'Ucum. Leaves about 6 in a whorl, fmall fpear-lhaped, taper-pointed, bent back, fringed with prickly hairs. Stem fpreading, rough with prickles point- ing backwards. Fruit fmooth. Huns. St. Bloflbms fmaller than the fruit. St. Pay g. i, at p. 128. — (Barr. 58, refembles it, but the blojfoms white, fruit hairy, and the branches with whorls of feveral leaves.) Stems from i to 1^ foot high, fpreading, 4 comered, knotted, branched; fowering branches oppoiite. Leaves bare, (except at the edge) fometimes 7 in a whorl, and fometimes ftrap-fpear-fhaped. Fruit-Jlalks 3 forked, f/otvers greenifh yellow. Seeis larger than the bloflbm, fmooth. Huds. St. — Poot branching. Stem, branches alternate. Panicle terminating, (not fo in Ray’s figure.) Blofs. of 4 petals, (an error for 4 divilions ?) Hues. — Leaves, the prickly hairs at the edge pointing forwards, fometimes a few fcattered on the (Peiiiiinculis lateralibu^, fubnudis, 3-fidis; pcdiccllis recurvis.) St. 154 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. the furface; thofe of the drancki generally in twos as in Ray’s figure. Branches rough. Fruit-ftalks fmooth, generally dividing into 3, one of them fupporting 2 flowers; fometimes dividing Amply into 3 or 2. St. Aparine minima. R. fyn. 225, is referred to by Hudfon, but Ray fays, “ feeds not fo rough as in the other Aparines.” Linnaeus accordingly has referred it to his G. parifienfe. Aparine minima. Vaill. par. 14. Here, on the contrary, the defer, correfponds ; but the Gallium Tourn. injl. 664, which is given as a fynonym, is ajfo referred by Linnaeus to his G. parifienfe. I have fpecimens of the plant of YailA colledled in the King’s garden, at Paris, correfpond- ing exactly with the deferiptions given above, and others of the G. parifienfe. Linn. — I cannot difeover any difference between them, except in the roughnefs and fmoothnefs of the fruit, which induces me to believe the G. anglicum of Hudfon, and the parifienfe of Linn. to be mere varieties of one and the fame plant. St. Leaf Goofe-grafs. At Hackney, on a wall. H. ox. III.p. 333. Ray. — Sandy ground between Dartford and Northfleet. On a wall at Farmingham, Kent. Huds. — [On the walls of Binham church, Norf. Mr. Crowe.] A. June. July. hall G Ah'l V M . pufl'lum. Leaves growing by eights, rough with hairs, ftrap-fliaped, taper-pointed, lomewhat tiled. Fruit-ftalks forked. — fj. B. iii. 716. I, is G. Mollugo; — Barr. 58, G. parifienfe; — and H. ox. ix. 22. 8, not the plant. J Stems numerous, angular, a finger’s length. Leaves 6 or 8 in a tvhorl, ftrap-fhaped, or between fpear and flrap-fhaped, fharp, rough, as are alfo the Items, with expanding hairs. Branches few, alternate. Whorls of leaves often fo thickly fet as partly to tile the Items. Tanicle thin fet, moftly terminating, upon twice forked fruit-ftalks. Linn. — Root branched, iitejtw 4 cornered, the angles rough with prickles. Loam 7 or 8 in a whorl; tiling the lower part of the ftem. Panicle ufually forked. Flowers white. Seeds fmall, fmooth. Nearly allied to the G. aligiwofam. Huds. — Angles of the Jlem, and edges and mid-ribs of the leaves rough with ex- panding hairs. Leaves mrely up to 8. Mr. Woodward. Limeftone Hills, near Kendall, Weftmoreland. P. Aug. (bzvny-flalked G A L 'I U M Jca'brum.* Leaves moftly in eights, fharp- | pointed. Flowering branches generally 3-forked. Jacq. in \ * FoUis aitonis, linearlbus mucronatis, fu’.catis; cauleque pabefeentibus. Sx. '55 IV. CHIVES, I. POINT AL. in fyjl. ves;. ed. xiv. St. — Leaves ftrap-fhaped, furrowed, belet with fhort hairs. Stem pubefcent. — Jacq. cttiflr. v. 422. Stems upright, clofely befet with very fhort foft hairs. Leaves fometimes 7, thofe of the branches fewer, befet with foft hairs. Fruit fmooth . J a c q. St. — Stems above, fmooth and fhining. J a c q . — But in his figure it is reprefented as befet with hairs, as are my fpecimens, even to the laft fub-divifions. No appearance of pric- kles on the ftem or leaves. Leaves, edges turned- in; lower ones bent down. Flowering branches oppofite, one always fhorter than the other. Fruit-Jlalks {mooth. St. [Hedgerow in a marly foil on the fide of Red Houfe Lane, near Worcefter. St.] P. Aug. GAL'IUM vdrum. Leaves 8 in a whorl ; furrowed, yelloxo Flowering branches fliort.— Ludw.^g, hut Jpecimen unnaturally bowed down. — Mill. 139. i. — Scheldr. 61. — Fuchs. ig6, cop. in J. B. iii. 720. i, Irag. 492, Dod. 355. I, whichrepr.inLob. obj. 2,, Ger. em. 1126. I, and cop. in Park. 564. i, and in H. ox. ix. 21. roiv 2. i, , Gallium. — Matth. 1131. — Ger. 967. i. — Blackw. 435. — Pet. 30. 8. Tips, after fliedding their dufl:, become brown. Linn. — ^This happens alfo in other fpecies. With. — Leaves brittle, bent back- wards when the flowers expand. Scop. — Stem with large joints; cylindrical, fcored, a little woolly. Leinie5 fmooth, ' rolled back at the edges; from 5 to 9 in a whorl, but generally 8 upon the princi- pal ftem. Blojs. fegments greatly expanded. Shc^^ts cloven more than half way down. Blojs. chives and pointal yellow. With. Yellow Ladies Bed Straw. Cheefe Reniag. Petty Muguet. Sides of fields and roads, frequent. P. July. Aug. The flowers will coagulate boiling milk; and the beft Chelhire cheefe is faid to be prepared with them. The French prefcribe them in Hyfteric and Epileptic cafes. Boiled in alum-water they tinge wool yellow. The roots dye a very fine red, not inferior to madder, and are ufed for this purpofe in the ifland of Jum. Pennant 1772. p. 214. Sheep and Goats eat it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. Cows are not fond of it. — This plant is fubjedt to a difeafe, in which the ftem and branches are fet with flefhy balls, about the fize of a pea; hollow within, and covered with a purplifh fkin. With. GAL'IUM Molin' go. Leaves 8 in a whorl, between Madder egg and ftrap-fhaped, fliarp-pointed ; fomewhat ferrated, greatly ' 56 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. greatly expanded. Stem limber. Branches expanding, Linn. — Stem 4 fquare. Sx. FI. dan. 455. — Ger. 967.4. — Fuchs. 281, cop. in J. B. iii. 716. I. — Lob. obf. 468. I, repr.in Ger. em. 1118. 2. — Pet. 30. 4. Matth. 921, notin flower orjruit. — (Blackw. 168, feems rather the fylvaticum, as is H. ox. ix. 22. row i. i. — In jf. B. iii. 721. I , the leaves are upright. J Stem generally weighed down by the weight of the branches. The old ftems fend forth buds. Leaves never more than i inch long. Scop. — Stem quadrangular, diftinguilhes it from the G.Jylvaticum. St. — Leauer fuddenly tapering to a fharp point. Flowering branches very much branched. Hall. St. — Stem about 4 feet long; 4 edged, branched; thickeft juft above the joints, nearly fmooth. Leaves from 6 to 8 in a whorl; unequal in fize, oblong-egg-fhaped, a lit- tle hairy on the back and at the edges, but not rough to the touch. . f/ore'err very numerous, on fruit-ftalks riling from the whorls of Iqaves ; generally 2 long and 2 fhort flowering branches from each whorl. ^0/5. with 4 fpear-fhaped, pointed fegments ; white. Tips yellow. cloven down to the feed-bud, or more properly 2. See^s2, fmooth; i generally much larger than the other. The whole plant fmooth to the touch. With. H'hite Ladies Bed Straw. Wild Madder. Great Baflard Madder. Hedges, roughs, and heaths, frequent. P. June. — Aug. ^ mountain 2. Leaves very entire, bent back; feldom exceeding 3 or 4 inches in height. Scop. McUugo monlana minor. Gallio albo fmilis. R. fyn. 224. With. — • It feems at leaft to comprehend this variety as well as the G. pro- ^ cumbens. Sr. Mountains. Scop. — Malvern Hills. St. * * Fruit rough. crofs-leaved GAL'IUM borca'le. Leaves 4 in a whorl, fpear- fhaped, Ihiooth, 3-fibred. Stem upright. Seeds rough with ftrong hairs. — ' Pet. 30. 7. — J. B. iii. 716. 3. Lewes blunt, reHecfted at the edges; 2 leaves rifing at each branch f of the panicle. Scop. St. — Leaves fometimes oval-fpear-fhaped. | Hou'er /ewes oval. Mr. Wood w. St. — Or egg-fhaped. Stem and £ leaves often befet with with very fhort hairs, fometimes almoft quite fmooth. St. — Blojs. white. With. | Crofs-wort Madder. I Mountains in Weftmoreland and Wales. [Near Pooley Bridge, | by Ulfwater, Cumberland. Near the feny at Winander Meer. | Mr. WooiJwARD.] P. July. Aug. l ^57 IV. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. The roots afford a red dye for woollens. Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Cows not fond of it. Swine refufe it. Linn. GAL'I U M Aparl'ne. Leaves 8 in a whorl,' fpear- fhaped; keel rough with .prickles pointing backwards. Joints woolly. Fruit rough with flrong hairs. — Curt. ii. 17. — FI. dan. /^g^.-r-Sheldr. 13. — Vaill. 4, 4, (bj fruit. — Dod. 353, repr. in Lob. ohf. 464. 3, Aparine, Ger. 963, i, Ger. em. 1122, andcop. by Park. 567, andH. ox. ix. 22. row 2. I, Aparine. — Pet. 30. ii. — Blackw. 39. — Matth. 807. — Fuchs- 50, cop. in J. B. iii. 713, and Trag. 494. — Tourn. 39. I, parts qffruSlifcation. — (Barr. 8 1 , feems rather G. maritimum.) Stem 4 cornered, the angles fet with prickles pointing backwards, woolly at the bafe. Leriyei 8 or 10 in a whorl, between ftrap and fpear-fliaped, rough above, fmooth underneath; the edges and the keel fet with prickles pointing backwards. Branches oppofite. Linn. — Blojs. divided down to the bafe. Shafts 2, ftanding wide afuiider. Scop. St. Blofs. fcarcely longer than the feed-bud. Tips yellow. St. — Empal. wanting. Curt. With. — Leauesend- ing in a purplifh awn-like point. Mr. Ho llefear. Fruit fet with hooked briftles. Prickles on the Jlem pellucid, pointing down- wards. Joints with a few white, woolly hairs. Leaves from 4 to 7, or more, in a whorl. Blofs. white. With. Catchweed. Goofegrafs. Cleavers. Clivers. Hedges, frequent. A. May. June. The branches are ufed by the Swedes inftead of a foi to ftrain milk. Young geefe are very fond of them. The feeds may be ufed inftead of coffee. The plant is eaten by Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats. Swine refufe it, Linn. — ^The expreffed juice of the ftem and leaves, taken to the amount of 4 ounces, night and morning, is very efficacious in removing many of thofe cutaneous eruptions, which are called, although improperly, Scorbutic. It muft be continued for feveral weeks. The Sphinx Jlellatarum, and the Sphinx Euphorbioe, feed upon the different fpecies of Galium. I Cleavers I 128. ASPER'- TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 128. ASPER'ULA. Woodroof. ; i Em PAL. Cupfmall; 4 toothed ; fuperior. * Bloss. I petal, funnel-fhaped. Tube long; cylindrical. - Border with 4 divifions ; fegments oolong, blunt, j reflefted. . | Chives. Threads 4 ; fituated at the top of the tube. Tips i fnnple. ' Point. Seed-bud beneath; double; roundifh. Shaft | thread-lhaped ; cloven at the top. Summits knobbed. S. Vess. 2 dry globular Berries adhering together. | Seeds. Solitary; roundifh; large. . ; Ess. Char. Blojs. i petal, funnel-Jhaped. Seeds 2, glo- bular. I Obs. The dlftindlioii hetwetn Afperula ^ndGalium, taken from the length of the tube of the blofTom, is fufficiently obvious in their refpedlive extremes, but, in fome of the former, it becomes fo fhort, that the 2 genera feem to run into one. Wigg. q ' 1 fzd'eet ASV ER'IJ h A odora'ta. Leaves 8 in a whorl, fpear- fliaped. Flowers in bundles, on fruit-flalks. — '§\ Curt. iv. 43. — Sheldr. 29, bejl engraved. — ChiJ. ii. 175. 2, repr. ' in Dod. 355. 2, Lob. obf. ^6^. 2, Ger. evi. 1124. 1, and cop. | in Park. 563. i, and improved in H. ox. ix. 22. row i, fg. the fr 4M. — FI. dan. 562, leaves too rough, and longer than ujual. — -ii Ger. 9G6. — Trag. 496. — Pet. 30. g.-^Blackw. 60. — J. B. iii. I"' 718. 3.— MzVh 55. 2. Fraff covered with ftiff hooked hairs. Mr. Wo o dward. St. — y. Pi7«;c/e with 3 divifions. rough with hair. Flowers of a ]; beautiful fnowy white, and, when a little magnified, appear fprinkled S with fhining, frofled particles. Leaves a little rolled back at the -h edges, and fet with foft minute thorns. Cup not very evidently f toothed. With. V IVoodroqf. Woodroxv. Woodrowell. Woodrxiff'. | I'VoodderowJfe, as fpelt in fome old authors. The repetition of q the double letters affords great amufement to children learning i to fpell. Woods and fhady places. [At the Leafowes, near Halefowen. W.] * P. May. The feent of it is faid to drive away Ticks and other infedls. f liiNN. — It gives a grateful flavour to wine. 1 Cows, Horfes, Sheep, and Goals eat it. i ASPER'- IV. CHIVES, ^I. POINTAL. 159 ASPER'ULA cynan'ckica. Leaves 4 in a whorl, Squinancy Iftrap-fliaped. Upper leaves oppofite. Stem upright. {Flowers 4 cleft ed. — J. B. ill. 723. 2. — Pet. 30. 12. — H. ox. ix. 22. 9. Stem rough, about 4 inches high. Seed-buds red. Flowers rough and wrinkled on the outfide. Linn. — from a hand’s breath to .i| feet high, reclining, rigid. Leaves, 2 of them larger than the mother 2; thofe of the upper part of theftem, and of the branches, oppo- Ifite, the place of the 2 which feem wanting fupplied by 2 very ifmall leaves. Blcfs. whitifh, with a tinge of purple. Pollich. St. — Leauci frequently pointing i way, fometimes 5. Mr. Woodw. St. — The fupplementary leaves awl-fhaped, not above a line long, refembling leaf-fcales. Blofs. with a flight roughnefs on the out- ..ide. Seed-bud the fame in a lefs degree. St. Squinancy-U'ort. Limeftone hills, and high chalkey foils. [Woods in Herts. Swaffham, Norfolk. Newmarket Heath. Dunftable Hills. Mr. Woodward. — Arm ingale Wood, by Norwich. Mr. Crowe. — INear Epfom, Surrey, in chalk. St.] P. June. July. 127. SHERAR'DIA. Spurwort. (Park.) IEmpal. Cup final I ; with 4 (fometimes 5 and 6. With.) teeth; fuperior; permanent. IBloss. I petal; funnel-fliaped. Tt/ie cylindrical, long. Border with 4 divifions. Segments flat and fharp. Chives, "threads 4 ; fituated at the top of the tube, tips Ample. Point. beneath ; double; oblong. Shaft threzd- fhaped ; cloven at the top. Summits nearly globular. iS. Vess. None. Fruit oblong; crowned; leparable lengthways into 2 feeds. ISeeds. 2 ; oblong ; convex on one fide ; flat on the other; with 3 lharp points at one end. Ess. Char. Blofs, t petal, fwmel-jhaped. Seeds 2, zttith 3 teeth. SHERAR'DIA arven'Jis. All the leaves in whorls, little Flowers terminating. — FI. dan. 439. — Blair 6, flower-head,— Pet. 30. 10. — J. B. iii. 7*9' 3* Barr. 766, and 5/^1. i. — fLob. obf. 464. i, cop. in H. ox. ix. 22. row 2. i, Rubeola; J. B. iii. 719. 2; and Park. 276. 5, quite other plants. J Cup i6o TETRANDRIA MONOGYN lA. Cup with feveral teeth, from i to 6; crowning the feed-vefiel, which confifts of 2 cells; i feed in each. Scor. — libjs. blue, or purple; tube very long ; fegments egg-fhaped. Chives, dujt white. Floral-leaves terminating, comprcffed, deeply divided into 8 parts, and enclofing 3 or 4 florets. Leaves on the ftem, 6 in a whorl, fometimes only 5. All the leaves fet with fine briftles along the edges and the back. Stem 4 cornered, fet with flrong hairs. The whole plant is harfh and rough. With. Little field Madder. Corn and fallow fields, common. A. May. — Sept. Goats are very fond of it. Horfes eat it. Sheep are indifferent to it. 155. C O R'N U S, Cornel. Em p A L. Fence generally 4 leaves ; including feveral florets. Leawj egg-fhaped ; coloured; deciduous; 2, oppo- l]te, fmaller. Cup very fmall, 4 toothed ; fuperior ; deciduous. Bloss. Petals oblong; fharp; flat; fmaller than the fence. Chives. Threads 4.: awl-fliaped; upright; longer than the.bloffom. roundifh ; fixed fideways. Point. Seed-bud hene^ih ; roundifli. 5/ia/f thread-fhaped; as long as the bloffom. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Pulpy ; including a nut or flone ; nearly globu- lar, and dimpled. Seed. A heart-fhaped, or oblong nut; with 2 cells. Ess. Char. Fence generally 4 leaved.' Petals^, fuperior. Nut of 2 cells, covered with pidp. female CO R'N US fanguin'ea. A tree. Tufts of flowers naked. Branches ftraight. — FI. dan. 481, in Jlower. — Matth. 260, in fruit. — Lob.obf. 592. i, cop. in Park. 1521. 3. — Ger. 1283. — Dod. 782. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1467. — Trag. 1004. Tuft of divided into 5 parts, and thefe again fub-divided. Flinvers fometimes without chives. Shaft {urxounded at the bafe by a circle, compofed of 4 fegments. /ieriy black; crowned with the fhaft and the cup, the teeth of which bend inwards. Scop. Dogberry tree. Hounds tree. Hounds berry. Frick xuood. Prick limber. Gotten tree. Gatter tree. Woods and hedges. ‘ -S. June. The . IV. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. ^ i6i The wood is very hard and fmootH, fit for 'the purpofes of the turner. The berries are bitter and ftyptic : they dye purple. ■ Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Swine and Cows refufe it. C O R'N U S fue'cica. Herbaceous. Branches in pairs, dwarf for rather with 2 branches, ''as they proceed from the bafe of 2 • oppofite leaves. St.) FI: dan. 5. — F^in. Tour Scotl. ijl ed.p. 314. — Dtll.-iUk. gi. — FI. lapp. 5. 3. in the-frjl ftage (f its growth, but its blofs. already expanded-; (b) in fruit. — Clufs. i. 60. i; repr. in Ger.em. i2g6. 5, and cop. in Park. 1461. 4, andJ.Beii. log. i.—Cer.' 1113. ■ Sl?m 4 cornered, rarely branched ; forked at top. Leaves oval,* lower ones rounder ? entire,' oppofite. General fence' /j.4e3i.wed,- en- clofing many flowers; little leaves white, deciduous j egg-fhapedi Flowers very fmall, in an -undivided rundle. Fruit-Jlalk folitary, terminating, rifing-from the fork of the ftem; The 4 leaves of the fence have fuch a refemblance to petals, that it is eafy at firft fight to imagine it a compound flower. Roth. Cornusherbacea. Huns. The old name of the FI. lapp, which Linnaeus changed to ftiecica on charadlerifing the canadenfis which is Tdlkedierbaceous. St. Dwarf honeyfuckle. . Hills in the North. P. June. July. The pulpy berries, which tafte infipidly fweet, are acceptable to children. Horfes, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. Cows refufe it. Linn. o '*" ryy. ALCHEMIL'LA. Ladies-mantle, Em PAL. Cup I leaf; tubular; permanent. Rim^dA, with 8 divilions : every other Segment fmaller. Bloss. None. I Chives. Threads^; a'wl-fhaped ; upright; fmall; ftand-_ • ing on the rim of the empalement. Tips roundifli. ^Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shaft threaa-fhaped ; as long as the chives ; ftanding on the bafe of the feed- bud. Summit globular. :iS. Vess. None. The neck of the empalement clofes upon the feed, and does not open again. pEED. Solitary; oval; comprefled. Ess. Char. Cup with 8 clefts. Blofs. o. Seed i. Vol. I. M ' ■ Obs. lS2 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gbs. Bglongs to the natural order of Senticos 7 G r JV-I7 7 ' II, - p 0. IX r A L S. . - i ' • -/llU [:i^d"q i8o^‘ B li F O'N I A." Td^graft. Estpal. Gi/? 4-leaVed, upright, pertnanent. LittJe^’lcMes awl-fhaped, keeled., membranaceous at the edg^?. Beossi' Petals 4 i -^valV upright ; ‘equy ;*’nbtched;at the end; fhbfter than the empal'ement. j,. ' Chives.' 4 ; 'equal ; as long as the leed-bud. ■ double. P.OLNT. Seed-hud egg-fliaped ; compreffed. Shafts. 2 ; as f ■ , ■ long as the chives. Summits limple. . , f S. Vess. Capfale o\zl; compreffed of i bell, and 2 f valves. 1 Seeds. 2; oval ; compreffed ; but marked with^ a Httle f protuberance'. ‘ Convex on one fide. Ess. Char. Cup ^-leaved. Blojs.- 4 petals.. Cdpf. i cell, t ' ^'2 JeMs. 'f ^ Obs. Loetling once found ^4 ch'iyes, but aftenvards altered • bis opinion. Alftroemer often found 4. Gerard fometimes 4, fonietimes 2, rarely 3. Linn. |' B U F O ' N I A tenulfo'lia. | ^ Fluh. 75. Stevi cylindrical, upright, jointed. Branches alternate. Leaves, j 2 at each joint of theftem. JYoroen at the bafe of the leaves; white. | With. i Bajlard Chichweed, '•-Hounflow Heath. Sea Coaft, nearBofton, Lincolnlhire. A. Huds. P. Linn. May. June. . 182. CUS- I r r Iff IV. CHIVES, ir. POINTALS. * ' * *. 182. C U S'C U TA. Dodder.-. I * . Empal. Gi* t leaf, glafs-fliaped, 4 clefted, blunt, flefliy_ attheoafe, (5 cornered. Pollich. St.) Bloss. I petal, egg-fhaped, (permanent. St.*) a little longer than the empalement: Mouth 4 clefted,’ blunt ' Honeycup 4 fcales, ftra'p-fhaped, cloven at' the' endj fbarp, united to the blolfom at the bafe of the’chivbkl Chives, ‘■threads 4, -awl-fhaped, as long as the empale- ment. tips 'roundi{h. • ' ' Point. .Seed-W roundifli. Shafts 2, upright, ihort. Surd- TTirtr fimple. . . . • S.Vess. Flefliy, (membranaceous. St.) roundifh, 2 celled, cut round. ' ' Seeds. 2 (in each cell. St.) . . '■ Ess. Char. Empal. 4 (or 5. Sr.) clefted. Blofs.i pet(iL Capfale 2 cells. ‘ , ; Ob's. Sometimes the prevailing number in the parts' of fmdlifi- catioh is/i’e. Lifts.— The above defcriptioh of LinricEus .made from C. europcea. In its evipal. it refembles in its blqffqm and capfule^ cut round, Flqntagoi ■ but in its capfite imth 2 bills (fub-M- rojlrisj it thews an affinity to 'Saxifraga, befWeen which and Chryfo-^ plenlum I would propofe to' plade it in the order Succulehtcei St. C U S'* CUT A etiropa'a. Floweri fitting. Linn.— greater Blolfoms pitcher-fhaped ; fegments blunt ifh.^ Kumficr of parts generally 4, but fometimei py S‘f^ ^ V*. . . Eiamv. 554, wUh parts- btfruStifcatiph^— hi. fan. igg. — Fujqh^ ^ " f^S.—Matth. i'ijg.—T'rdg. 8i’o. — Dod. .^'54, '.repr. in Lcih^Qpf. 233. I, Ger. m. 577, mdcop.inPa^t io.' a, andGer. '46L- I — y. B. iii. ?B6. ' . ■ . .. . This plant is parafitical,'. without feed-lobes. 'The'feed itfelf opens and puts, forth a little fpiral body, ' which does not feelc the earth to take root, but clirribs in a fpiral diredl.ion from right 40. left, up other plants, from which, by means of vetfels, it draws its nourilh- ment. Leaves none, except here and there a very fmall membra- Mceoiis fcale lying clofe under a branch. Linn. St. — Flmers in globular heads not furrourrding the ftem but frorh the fide w'here it divides into branches. J. Baoh'. S't. — The Jeedjfownih a pot-pro- duced plants, but which foon died, unlefs they could attach them- felves to fome other plant. Park, anii Ray hift. — * Corollis urceolatis, laciniis obtufiufculls. Ms 165 As 1 66 TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA. ; As foon as the (hoots have twined about an adjoining plant, they | fend out from their inner furface a number of little veficles or pa- pilte, which attach themfelves to the bark, or rind of the plant. By degrees, the longitudinal vefTels of the (lalk, which appear to i have accompanied the veficles, (hoot fprth from their extretpities, / and make their way into the fofter plan^, by divi4ing the vehTels, and infinuating themfelves into the tendereft part of die ftalk; and fo intimately are they united with it, tjiat it is eafier to br^ak than to difengage them from it. Gmttard in Gent. Blofs. white, fometiraes with a tinge of purple. Vaill. St.— Empal. like a fpice clove, running down, as it were, into a kind of fruit- ftalk; Segments egg-ifhaped, often rounded at the end. Ca^. cut ti round clofe to the bale. Parhtoi rifing from the lower half of the ^ capfule. St. On furze bufhes, near Mollance, in Galloway. Lightf. who refers to FI. dan. 199, but he appears to have inferted it as a Scotch m plant on the authority of a correfpondent, not from his own exa- y mination. Mr. Hudfon alfo has given C. europ. but, from fils account of it, his plant appears to have been C. I have never feen the true europcea of Britifh growth. My fpecimens ga- •' thered in Champagne France, and from Germany. St. — The ? whole plant is bitter. It affords a pale reddifh colour. Cows, Sheep, and Swine eat it. Horfes refufe it. Goats are ' not fond of it. Linn. — Hops, flax, hea,th, and nettles are its common fupport. — It never fixes upon trees or fhrubs. Scop, but Pollich mentions having found it on fome of the Ericas. St. Icjfer CUS'CUT A Epith'ymum. Flowers fitting, furrounded with floral-leaves. Bloflbms 5-clefted. Linn. — Bell-fhaped. deeply cloven ; fegments taper-pointed,* "the number of parts conjlantly 5 . St. FI. dan. 427, — Farh. 10. i. — Math. 1277. — Pmet. 42. g. Blofs. with 5 divifions, none with lefs. Shape of kbfs. and empal. agrees with FI. dan. 427, though in habit it refembles t. igg. MnWooDWARD. St. — Empal. between cloven and divided; fer- ments egg-fhaped, taper- pointed, unequal, not running down into a kind of fruit-ftalk as in C. etiropcea. St. Corn fields and heaths, very common. Huns. — My fpecimens, dried from Mr. Woodward, gathered by Mr. Pitchford; from Dr. Broughton, gathered, I believe, in Scotland; and from the fon of Prof. Jacquin. St. A. June. — Aug. * Corollis campanulatis partito-quinquefidis ; laciniis acuminatis. 178. APH'ANES. IV. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. I 78. A P H'A N E S. Parfleypiert. Empa;.. Cup I leaf, tubular, permanent: fiat, clefted; ^ Bloss. None. Chives. 'Threads 4; upright; awl-fhaped; veryfmall; Handing upon the rim of the empalement. Tips roundilh. Point. Seed-buds 2; egg-fhaped. Shafts thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives, growing from the bafe of the feed-bud. ^urnrnift fpmewhat globular,. ' S.Vess. None; the of the empalement' clofing, con- fines the feeds. Seeds. 2; egg-fhaped; tapering; comprefled; as lorig as the fhafts. Ess. Char. Empal. 4-clefted. Bldfs.b. Seeds 2, nptied. G B s . It very nearly reFembles tire Al c h km i htk. It has forhe- times only i pointal and i feed. Linn. Seed i. PoLucii. Retz. &c. 167 ‘A P H' A N E S drvenfis, fee Alcherfdlla Afhaties. common or M 4 Order t TETRANPRIA TETRAGYNIA. 1 68 ^ Order 'III, - . rEtRAOrNIAi IV. POINT ALS. 184. I'L E‘X."' Holly. , ‘ Eri p A L. 4-toothed,’ very fmall, permanent. ' Bloss. I "petal, with 4 diviiions, wheel-lhaped ; fegments roundilh, concave, expanjding, rather large,, adher- ing by the claws.‘ Chives. T/irefldj 4; awl-fhaped; -fliorter than the blofs. T/pj fmall. ' Point. Seed-Tbud roundiih. Skafis nor\Q. Summits 4, hhunt. S. Yess. Berry roundifh, with 4 cells.. ’ ■ SeeHs. Solitary; hard’ as bone; oblong; blunt ; belly- ing oh one fide, angular on the other. Ess. Char. Empal. 4-tootked. Blojs. zvheel-Jkaped. Shaft o. Berry 4-/ee^/e^/. Linn. — Fertile flowers; empa/. 5- tobtked. Blofs. with f) divijions, wheel -fhap'ed. Chives^, wheel-Jhaped. Shaft o. Summits 4. Berry 4.-feeded. Barren flowers ; empal. ^-toothed. Blofs. xmth 4 divi- Jions. Chives 4. Huds. Polygamia Dioecia. Ob s . Great variations take place in the flowers of the Ilex Aqui- folium ; fometimes the chives and pointals are found on diftindl plants; fometimes on the fame plant, but in difierent flowers; I'ometimCs again the flowers have 5 chives; and frequently the dif- polition of the chives and pointals is fuch, that it claims a place in the fecond Order of the twenty-third Clafs. With. Much has been written about the proper place of tliis plant in the Linnaean fyftcm, but before it be removed to another clafs, it is neceflary to fhew that the majority of the other 9 fpecies are liable to limilar fexual variations. St. common I 'L E X Aquifo'lium. Leaves egg-fliaped, fliarp, thorny. — FL dan. 508. — Mill. 46. — Hunt. Evel. 383. — Blackw. 205, — Nat. difpl. ii. 9. A. atp. 71. — Dod. 658. — Matth. 161, cop. injanft. 63. 6. — Ger. 1155. — Lob. ohf. 582. i, repr. in Ger. em. 1338. — Trag. 1067. — Park. 1487. i. Leaves xvdhout prickles. Park. 1487.2, but not a dijiinSt variety, as the leaves of the lower branches are prickly. Leaves IV. CHIVES, /IV. POINTALS. i6'g furrounded by a ftrong woody^ bdrcler; tough, fhining, •vergreen; frequently indented, and each ):oqth ending in a ftrong, fliarp, thorn. The leaves upon the fame tjQe , are fome of them -ntire, and fome of them thorny. fmall , \yhitifh, lateral, nn fliort fruit-ftalks, generally 3 together, fprmging from a fort of lale upon the branch. Berries fcarlet, crowned with the cup, •vhich turns black. Seeds 3 or 4. I have found it in flower fo late the 2d week in June, and then all the jioivers had 4 chives , and 4 mointals. With. ' i , ' ' 2. Berries yellow. St. yellow berried Agrijol. baccis lut. Ray. 466. — Wiflon,. Suffolk. Ray. Woods, hedges, heaths. [On the north fide of the Wrekin, in shroplh. the trees grow to a large fize. With.] T. April. — June. All the varieties which gardeners reckon to the amount of 40 or io, are derived from this one fpecies, and depend upon the varie- rations of the leaves or thorns, and the colour of the berries. Sheep are fed in the winter with the croppings. Fennant's Tour. -.,,10]^ 772. p. 32. Birds eat the berries. The bark ferinented and after- j ' Tvards vrafhed from the woody fibres makes the common Birdlime. 4 makes an itn penetrable fence, and bears croppipg'jT nor is its ' ,v -.rs rerdure, or the beauty of its fcarlet berries , everobferved to fuffer Tom the fevereft of our winters. ‘ The wood is ufed in fincering, uid is fometimes ftained black to imitate - Ebony. Handles for / .mives, and cogs for mill-wheels are made of it. . , -rr ^ • ' ♦ . ■ 188. S A G I 'N A. Pearlvvort. Bloss. Cwp 4-leaved. ' Little leaves egg-Ftapedi; concave; greatly expanded; peririanent. Bloss. Petals 4^; egg-fliaped ; blunt; expanding; fliorte'r thap the empalement. Ghives. T’/ir-cadr 4 ; hair-like. T/pr roimdifli; ! I Point.’ 5'ccd-fctid fomewhat globular. Shafts 41 awl-fliapcd; bent backward ; downy. Summits dmple. o. Vess. Cap/w/e egg-fhaped ; ftraight; with 4 cells, and 4 valves. deeds. Numerous; fmall; fixed to the receptacle. ]i Ess. Char. Empal. 4-leaved. Petals 4. Capf. 4-celled, '] , 4-valved. Seeds many. [Capf. 1 cell. Cup-leaves fome- ji times St.] ,1 SAG I 'N A procum'bcns. Stems trailing. Linn. — trailing f 'In dry fituations upright. St.) ii: Curt. 70 TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. Curt. ill. 27. — Segukr. i. 5. ^.—Park. 1340. 6. — Pet. 59. 10 CGer. em. 567. 5, not the plant.) i ftorwri fometimes with petals, and fometimes without. Linn. . Jagci. With. St.— — In all the fpecimens of it gathered in the ) fields, I could never find any petals, but the fame plant being tranf- j planted into the garden produced petals the ed year. The Root when J cultivated perennial. Jacq. enznn.— SfetJi fometimee hot above 2 | lines high. Leaves-, the edges Ikinny toufards the bafe, and fringed. 1 Empal. leaves upright until the S. vefiel opens. .S', vejf. valves thin, tranfparent, and, from the minutenefs of the petals, maybe eafily miftaken for them. St. — greenifh white, . The 4 valves of the capfule, after it opens, have fo much the appearance of pe- tals, that I was once deceived by therti. With. Chkkuieed-Breahjlone. | Walls, roofs, fandy, and alfo boggy places; garden walks, | paved courts, common, A. June. ] annual- |3. apetala. Huns; Sagina apetala, which fee. i fucculent 7. Leaves fhorter, thicker, and more fucculent. Ray-. | annual SAGI'NA apet'ala. Stem rather upright, dotVny. | Flowers alternate ; without petals. Linn. ^Petals ver)’’ ” minute. St. ' Curt. iv. 49. — FI. dan. 845, ('fee Sdgina ereSfa.J — -Plctt. oxf. g. 7, at p. 146. — Pet. 59. II. — PluL 74. Differs from the S. procumbens in the I'oot being annual; the Rems not flriking root from the joints, and being, of a dirty brownilh j green. Plott. Ray. St .-^Friiit-Jlalks {ttioath. Empal. fmooth, | its leaves blunt. Petals fcarccly twice as large as the tips, whence j poffiblyunobferved by Linnaeus; invprfely egg-fhaped, and forae- ^ times heart- fhaped; greenifh, refemblihg honeycups. Summits ve- , ry fhort. Capfide of i cell ; valves larger than the leaves of the em- s palement, permanent. St. — Leaves hairy. Hairs not terrhinated I by raimite globules as in Spergtila laticina. Curt. Mr. W o onw. 1 Sagina procumbens apetala. Huns. I [On a wall belonging to the Alifis-houfe near St. Ofwald’s, Wov- cefter. St.] a upright SAGI'NA erec'ta. Stem upright; generally with f only I flower. Linn. — Leaves of the cup Ipear-fliaped, ) tapering to a point. St. — Stem fometimes afcending. Mr. Woodward. ‘5 Curt. ii. 23.— Rffy 15. 4,. at p. $i^8.—Vaill. 3. 2.— Pet. 59. g.— ' (FI. dan. 845, referred to by Murr. is fnrely the procumbens i apetala, for Mull, himfelf remdrh that it has no pefah, and that the j ieavei IV. CHIVES, IV. POINTALS. 17 leaves oj the empalement are egg-Jbaped and concave. — Barr. 1 165, cannot JureJy be the plant.) bearing from i to 3 flowers. Linn. — Leaves between /trap and fpear-fhaped. Ge r. prov. Flowers clofed. often 5. iPo 1.1.1CH. — Stem in dxy feafons generally Ample; in moift grounds feveral, afcending, each fupporting from 1 to 3 flowers. Sheets very ifliort. Capfide opening generally with 10 teeth. Agrees with Sagina iin the number of its parts; in its habit and glaucous appearance it sapproaches to the Steliaria Holojleum, but in its feed-veffels it agrees nvith Cera^ium. Curt.— It is truly a Cerafiium. The 'Aljine media and ^Cerajlinm femiiecaninm are Ceraftiums with half the ufual comple- anent of chives. This is a Cerafiium of the fame kind, with one-fifth t(f its ufual number ./>. 44. Mr. Woodward. St. — ; Spike nearly i inch long. Blofs. (or rather cup) flelhy, green. Chives, Ti/ij very large. Dujlwhhe. Point. Summilsvery in- diftindl; brown. i'rah-j?a&’a.boht twice as long as the' fpike. Leayes - alternate, except the upper pair, which are oppolite; lower ones fpeav-lhaped, on long leaf-ftalks; upper ones oval, with fhcrter ' leaf-ftalks. about 4 inches high. ■ Sheaths (f the' kqf-fialks iecm foon to decay. Flowers a month or ftx weeks earlier. than variety i. ; WiTH..-^Lcay«3 or 4 times lefs, inor-e pointed. St,.- [Boggy ground on Birmingham Heath. W’’ith. — -^--/^nd Sutton Park, Warwickfhire, in places where ftag-nant water has been dried up or drained off. St.] _ P. JVIay.-i-Aug. •; perfoliate POTAMOGE'TON perfolia'ltm. Leaves heart- ] fliaped, embracing the ftem.—r j FL daii. 19.6. — I'Jod. 582. 3, repr. in Ger. em. 822. ^Pcop. in J. B. iii. 778. 2, Pet. 5. 6, .and H. ox. v. 29. row 2. ^. et p. 596. ' Lcflyci alternate, but where a joirit throw's out a fruitrftalk, in pairs, ribbed. Leaf-Jcales none, or very fhort. Hal;,. St. Mr.. Woodward.— Lcflues with from 5 to 7 principal ribs, nvith inter- , mediate finer ones, ending in the poiot of the leaf. St. heart 0. Hubs. — PeL^.y, probably a copy (f Loes. C5. . _ My fpeciitiens feem’ to evince that thrfe varieties run into one another. St. — Blofs. ytUowiih'. , 1 Rivers II ! 5 : IV. CHIVES, IV-POINTALS. 173: [ Rivers and ponds, frequent. i . P. June. — Aug. Goats and Cows eat it. Horfes, Sheep, and Swine refufe it. POTAMOGE'TON lu'cens. Leave? flat, fpear- long-leaved !haped, tapering down into leaf-flalks. — . FI. dan. 195. — Pet. 5. 5. — J. B. iii. 777. i.—Dod. 582. 2, repr. in Ger. 822. 4. — H. ox. v. 29. 4. at p. .596. Rivers and ponds. P. June. July. 1. Ray. — Leaves truly fpear-fhaped. St. ^ narrow leaved Potamog. lucid, lapathi foliis longijjimis. PLUK..amalth. ijy. R. fyn. £48. n. 2. River Clyde. Lightf. 2. Ray. ib. — Leaves fomewhat elliptical. Mr. Woodward. St. broad-leaved — Surface covered with a network of pellucid veins. Blojfoms red- ffldilh. With.— Stem cylindrical. Leaves very entire, fomewhat ►vaved at the edge, ribbed. Poluch. St. Egg-fpear-fhaped, pluntifh, fitting, alternate, but thofe at the bafe of the frult-ftalks oppolite; n‘35 numerous, about a line between each. Leqf-fcales nwl-lhaped, riling from the joint at the infertion of, the leaf, and Ihfeathing the part of the Hem above. St. River at Tam worth. St. 3. Leaves very taper-pointed from the mid-rib, extending a fharp-Ieaved great length beyond the body of the leaf. Mr. Woodward. Ger. era. 822. 4, exprejfes this tho' but very imperfecily. Mr. W 0 o dw. | -[R. Waveney, by Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] -POTAMOGE'TON den'fum. Leaves 'egg-fhaped, doje-leaved ' laper-pointed, oppofite, crowded. Stems forked. Spike -j i'with 4 flowers. — ■ I J. B. iii. 777. 2, leaves far afunder and fame of the fhiit-Jlalh from the ftdes of the Jlem. — C Glut. ii. 252, 2, repr. in Ger. cm. j 824.- 3; CO/), m ParL 1248. 3; and Pet. is P. crifpum. — i Cluf. has net given any fg. of the plant referred to by Linn.) j Fruit falk very fliort, from the fork of tliefiem. Linn. — Bent j .'back. Leovei towards the end of the Item tiled. 5/n7ee fmall. Flowers i few, fitting. Hall. Mr. Woodward. St. — Leaoei waved at the ; edge. Mr. Woodward. St. — Three-ribbed; edge very finely ■ ferrated. With. St. — Serratures, or rather minute prickles, not vifible, unlefs conliderably magnified. Leaves, lateral ribs juft perceptibli; to the naked eye,, and joining the middle rib at fome diftance from the point, forming, as it were, an elliplis within the a dife of the leaf. Sr. Lejfer Water Caltrops. Frogs Lettuce. Ditches' and flow ftreams. P. May. June. P O T A - 174 TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. curled POTAMOGE'TON crifputn. Leaves fpear- fhaped ; alternate or oppofite, waved and ferrated. — Curt. iv. 49. — Ger. em. 824. 2, cop. in Park. 1248.2, Pet. 5. g, anij. B. iit. 778. i. — Cluf. ih 252. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 824. 3; cop. in Park. 1248. 3, and Ptt. 5. 8, as is evident from Cluf. defcription. comprefled. Ray. With. St. — In which it agrees with the cojnprefim, and differs from the rell. Ray. St. — with 3 parallel ribs, connedled laterally by tranfverfe ramifeations; edges parallel for the greater part of their length. HaLl. St. — Leaves alternate, but at the forks of the ftem oppofite. Pollich. With. St. — ^Ending rather obtufely, very finely ferrated. Fruit-Jlalks from the forks of the ftem. Pollich. St. Leases oblong-fpear- fhaped; lateral ribs meet as they approach the point, forrning a cir- cular line parallel to the margin of the leaf, without thefe on each' fide is a ftill finer rib running clofe to the edge. Fruit-Jlalks gene- rally fhorter than the leaves, but fometimes more than twice as long, correfponding with Cluf. fig. St. — Rfq/j. white or reddifh. Stems branched. Leaves fittings femi-tranfparent and very crifp. With. Greater water Caltrops. Ponds and flow ftreams, very common. P. May. Juiie. ferrated POTAMOGE'TON f err a' turn. Leaves fpear- fhaped, oppofite, a little waved at the edges. — J. B. 988. 4, but leaves, both defcription andjigure, as alternate. — (FI. dan. 195, Dod. 582. 2, andPet.j^.g, isP.lucens.) Is it not a variety of P. crifpum? Linn. Mi'. Woodward. — It is at leaft very clofely allied to it. Leaves, upper ones oppofite, lower ones fometimes alternate. Huds. — SAeatAs fringed. Scop. — fiiq/i. greenifh yellow, onfruit- ftalks. With. — Wiggers complains that the generality of authors have confounded this with the lucens, but he feems to me only to have tranfpofed the characfters of the 2 fpecies. St. Slow rivers. P. June. flat-falkea POTAMOGE'TON compref'fum. Leaves ftrap- fnaped, blunti. Stem flatted. — H. dan. 203. — Pet. 5. 10. — (In Ray 3, the leaves are feveral tims-broader than the jlem.) Lenypi fometimes alternate, fometimes oppofite. Linn. — Leaves alternate, but thofe atthebafe of thefruit-ftalks oppofite. Ray. A^. Mr. Woodward. — The mid-rib ftrong, white. Mr. Woodw. — Leaves IV. CHIVES. IV. POINTALS. 175 leai/ei very entire. Leqf-fcales fliort. Poluch.— nearly aa •road as the kaves. ^t. — Blojfovis greenifh;on ftiort fpikes. With. Slow ftreams and ditclies. P. June. July. POTAMOGE'TON pe^iina'tum. Leaves bridle- fennel-leaved riaped, parallel, near together, pointing 2 ways. — Ger. era. 828. 4. — Fel. 5. 13. — ?hL 216. 3. — CPet. 5.. 12, haS; Jlrap-Jhaped leaves. J Slem cylindrical. Leaves flatted. Blqfs. whitiffi. Tips yellow. ViTH. Rivers and ponds. [River Wayeney, frequent. Mr. Wood w.], P. May. — July, POTAMOGE'TON gramin'eum. Leaves between grafs-leaved trap and fpear-fhaped, alternate, htting ; broader than tie props. — FI. dan. 222. — Ray 4. 3. — Ret. 5. i2?-y-CPet, 5. 10, is P. CQrn- preffiim.) The leaves at the bafe of the fruit-ftall^s oppofite. Leqf-fcales ycv-y^ I umerous and large. Hall.— f/. dan. and Ray are both referred to j Linnaeus and Halter. — But Mr. Lightf. has very juftly rernarked fee want of leaf-fcales in the fig. of Ray. I fufpedl they will turn mt to be 2 fpecies. Ray 4. 3, is the fig. referred to in the Sp. pb and with which my fpecimeris correfpond.^ — Leqffcales inuch naj> jower than the leaves, and fo as eafily to efcape the attention of 3 . oinraon artifl;; rather Jlrap-jhaped, bluTUiJh, and fetclqfe, as in Ray’s tgure;. notfpear-Jkapedi tapering to a point, teoihedf and at emconfder.- ; ble diflance front eafA other^ as in that of the FI, dan.— Ribs 3; very unely.ferrated as the Potamogeiton alterwm nojiras, Sk. with long, bkat,, toning leaxfes, very mintUely noUhed of Pi.uk. amal. 177, and R. fyn. ■ 50. n. II. — Haller defcribes the leaves of his as gradually dimi- nilhing, which coirefponds with the fig. of the FI. dan. Sx. Slow ftreams and marlhy ditches. P. July. POTAMOGE'TON mari'num. Leaves ftrap- fea Tiaped, alternate, dift;in6l ; the bafe fheathing the ftem. — FI. dan. 186. — Vaill. 32. 5. — H. ox. v. 29. g, at p. 596. — fPet. 5. 13, and Pink. 216. 5, are P. peSlinatum.J The-props not diftindl in this, as in the other fpecies, but the caves fixed to them. Linn. Leaves growing from the {heaths, which are flightly forked at the extremity as in P. peSlinatum. In ftag- lant fait water ditches the whole plant is fhorter; the branches and 'eaves clofer and more frequent. In running water, whether fait nr frefh, it grows to a vaft length, and the branches and leaves are farther 176 TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. farther afunder, but in both cafes preferve their parallelifm. Spike long; with fitting flowers, growing moftly in interrupted whorls.fi FL dan. 186 more exadtly refembles onr frefh than fait water plants, , though quoted in Syft. Veget. for P. marinum. Mr. Woodward. 1 wJL-Leaves fcarcely a line broad. Pollich. St. In quite frefh® water it becomes the P. peElinatum. Mr. Crowe. Mr. Wood-®! WARD. What I have been accuftomed to refer to the man- mm have grown in frefh water, as thofe of Pollich. and Vaill. m (par. p. .164. n. 8.) If, however, fuch fhould prove to be the peStina- V turn, Linnaeus’s charadleriftic mark of the marinum, of its leaves^B growing on leaf- {heaths, will appear to be by no means peculiar to that fpecies. — 'fteichard’s references to Haller in this fpecies and.] the are tranfpofed. St. ; Salt ^vater ditches. [Near Yarmouth. Mr. Woodward.] , A. -Linn. P. Hu ds. July. Aug.-' > fmall POTAMOGE'TON pujil'lum. Leaves ftrap- ' fhapecl, oppofite, alternately diftinft, expanding at the bafe. Stem cylindrical. — Vaill. ^2. — Pct.^g. ii.'fn. dan. 186, is, ivithout doubt, P.'^l marinum.)’ ‘ - Leai/er rather pointed, very entire. Pollich. St.— Alternate; but thofe at the bafe of the fruit-ftalks oppofite. Neck. St. — See J obfervation- at the end of the generic' charadler. .St. — Spikes very fmall, compofed of but few flowers. Hall. Mr. WoodAvard. — ‘ Spikes of 6 or 8 florets; placed oppofite to each other. Fruit-Jlalks^ ■ about I inch long. Scop. — Leauei rather longer than the joints of 1 the ftem; apper ones oppofite; Wer ones alternate. Fruit-Jlalks ter- minating, fheathed at the baffe by 2 concave, fkinny, fpear-fhaped fcales. 'terminating, nearly globular, about 3 flowers in ,; each. Sammil5 a little hollow at the top. With. ' Ponds in clayey foil. [About Tamworth, WarAvickfh. With.]',' A, Linn. P. Huds. June. — ^Aug. fx 187. RUP'PIA. IV. CHIVES, IV. POINTALS. 187. RUP'PIA. TafTelgrafs. E.mpal. Skeatk, hardly any but what is formed by the bafe of the leaves. Sheathed awl-fhaped ; undivided; llraight ; bending when the fruit ripens; befet with flowers which point in 2 oppoiite direc- tions. Cup none. Bloss. None. - • r % Chives. Threads none. Tips 4; fitting; equal; fome- what roundilh ; rather double. ‘ Po I NT. Seed-buds 4 or 5 ; fomewhat egg-flraped ; approach- ing. Shaft none. Summits blunt. S. Vess. None.' The feeds are fupported upon little foot-flalks, thread-ilraped, and as long as the fruit. Seeds. 4 or 5 ; egg-ihaped ; oblique,; terminated by a fiat circular fummit. •Ess. Char. Blojs. o. Empal. o. Seeds 4, on little foot- flalks. RUP’PIA marh’ima. fca FI. dan. ^64. — Mick.- 24Q. 4, cop. in Pet. 6. ^ — Light/. 8. I. — Lob. obj. 653. I. — FruBifcal. Ray 6. i. at 168. Mr. Woodward. f&m undivided. alternate. Efotem on fruit-ftalks. Bot. Att. ed. I. Taffel Pondveeei. > Salt water ditches; [near Yarmouth. Mr. Woodward.] • A. Linn. P. Hods. July. Aug. / N Clafs Vol. I. I Clqfs V. PENTANDRIA. V. CHIVES. TH E firft divifion of the firfl Order of this clafs, includes the plants with Rough Leaves ; which admit of the following natural charafter : Empal. Cup I leaf; with 5 clefts, or 5 divilions: per- manent. Bloss. I petal ; with 5 clefts. ’ Chives, ‘threads 5, fixed to the tube of the bloffom. Point. Seed-buds 4. Shaft finale; thread-fhaped. Summit blunt. S. Vess. None. Seeds. 4; inclofed by the cup. Martyn Cat. Cant. 26. Obs. Leaves rough and hairy; alternate, orfcattered; without leaf-ftalks. Spikes before the flowers open, rolled back fpir ally. Virtues Jlightly aflringent, fometimes narcotic. Martyn, 16. PiiiLinn. defcribes them as mucilaginous and efculent. Phil. hot. 340. As there is no feed-veflel, the cup does not fall off, but remains after the bloffom decays, and contains the feeds. In the fecond divifion of this order, thofe plants which bear berries and have a bloffom compofed of one petal, are generally poifonous. The 3d divifion of the Second Order confifts of plants whofe flowers are difpofed in Rundles ; or the Umbellifer-^ ous plants of many authors. They admit of the follow- ing natural charafter: i Rundle compofed of feveral Rundlets. Fence, general, inclofing the whole rundle, or partial^ inclofing only the rundlets. Empal, V. CHIVES. '79 E.mpAL. Cup hardly difcernible. Bloss. 5 petals; (landing on the feed-bud; (liedding. Petals generally heart-draped, and bent inwards. Chives. Threads^; fimple; hair-like. Tijpr lirtiple, or roundilh. Point. Seed-bud beneath. Shafts 2, generally diHant* Summits fimple. S. Vess. None. Seeds. 2; fcored; convex on one fide, flat on the other; Martyn Cat. Canh Obs. Stems hollow and pithy. Leaves alternate; In dry fituations thefe plants are aromatic and carminative : in moift ones, often poifonous. Martyn. ii. The greateft virtues are contained in the feeds and roots. Many of them are eaten at our tables, as the roots of Carrot and Pa r s ne p, and the leaves of Celery. The feeds of Coriander and Caraway are ufed in confedlionary. N 2 Clafs Clajs V : PENTANDRIA. V. CHIVES. Order 1. t ' ^ MOXOGYMIA; 1. POIXTAL. / 5 Flowers of i petal; beneath. Seeds 4; nahed. Rough Le.'ives. 203, Ec'hium. - - Dlofs. moiith naked; irregular; bell-fhaped. 196. Pulmona'ria. - Blqfs. mouth naked; funnel- ilaaped. Cup prifm-flaaped. 193. Lithosper'mum. Dlofs. mouth naked ; funnel- fliaped. Cup with 3 divifions. 197. Sym'phytum. - mouth toothed ; bellying. 200. Bora'go. - - Dlofs. mouth toothed; wheel- fhaped. 202. Lycop'sis. - - Dlofs. mouth covered; funnel- fliaped. 1 ube crooked ! 201. Asperu'go. - - Dlofs. monih covered; funnel- flaaped. Fruit compreffed, 195. Cynoglos'sum. Dlofs. mouth covered; funnel- flaaped. Seeds depreffed, fixed by the fide. 194. Anchu'sa. - - Dlofs. mouth covered; ftinnel- fliaped. pril’m-fhaped at the bafe. 192. Myoso'tis. - . - Dlofs. mouth covered falver- fliaped. Segments notched. ** Flowers ^ i petal; beneath. Seeds in a veffcl. 220. Anagal'lis. — Capfule i-celled ; cut round. Dlofs. wheel-fiiaped. Summit a knob. - Capf. of I cell, and i o valves. DIoLg wheel-flaaped. 5Mn;?7ih blunt. 210. Pri'mula,. 219. Lysimac'hia. V. CHIVES. 210. Pri'mul.^. - 21 6. H-ottq'nia. - 215. Meny.an'tiies. 231. Convol'vulus. 263. D.atu'r.a, 264. Hyoscy'4mus. \ ' * 262. Verbas'cum. - 275. ChIRO'-NIA.' - 233. Polemo'nium. 226. Azal'ea. 322. Vin'ca. - - 268. 'Sola'num. - 266. At'ropa. Capfule I -celled. Blofs. fimnel- fliaped: mouth open. Summit globular. Cap!'. 1 -celled. Blofs. the tube beneath the chives! Summit globular. Capf. I -celled. Blojfom Summit cloven. Capf. 2-celled; ^-feeded.-* Blofs. bell-fliaped. Summit cloven. Capf. 2-cel led; 4-valved! Blofs. funnel-flaaped.CHjOdeciduous. Capf. 2-cel led; covered with a lid ! Blofs. funnel-fhaped. Sum- mit a knob. Capf. 2-celled. Blofs. wheel- Ihaped- Stmnit blunt. Chives deciiniitff. O Capf. 2-celled. C/o/}. jug-fliaped. "T ips fpirally twilled after fhed- ding their dull. Capf. 3-celled. Blofs. with 5 divilions. Chives on the valves of the tube. Capf. 5-celled. Z?/q/}. bell-lhaped. Summit blunt . S. Vejf. 2 upright little bags. Blofs. falver-flaaped. Seeds not winged. - • Berry 2-celled. Tips with 2 holes in each. '2-celled. Chives dillantj bowed inwards. f Gentiana Centaurium. / Flowers (f i petal; fuperior. 238. Sam'olus. - - Capf. i-celled; and 5 valves at the top. Blofs. lalver-lhaped. Summit a knob . 236. Phyteu'ma. - - Capf. 2 or 3-celled, perforated. . Blofs. with 5 divilions. Summit with 2 or 3 clefts. N 3 234. Campan'ula. i82 PEN'TANDRIA. / 234. Campan'ula. - r- Cfl/)/". 3 or 5-celled ; perforated. Blofs. bell-fhaped. Summit 3- clefted. 250. Lonice'ra, - ■? Berry 2-celled, roundiHr. Blofs, , unequal. Summit a knob. •}■ Viburnum Lantana. Lobelia. Rubia percgrina. Flowers of 5 petals; beneath. 284. Rham'nus. t r Berry ^-celled ; globular. Cup tubular, refembling a blolTom; • with 5 converging fcales at the mouth. 291. Euo.n'ymus. - -r refembling a capfule,lobed. Cup expanding. Seed like a ' berry ; covered with an outer coat. •f Viola Impatiens. Kfint** Flowers of ^ petals; fuperior. 301. Ri'bes. - . - many-feeded. Pefah hand- ing on the cup. Shaft cloven. 304. Hed'era. - - Berry 5-feeded. Cup binding round the fruit. Summit (imple. , f Jafione. Flovvers imperfeB; beneath. 313. ItLEc'EBRUM. - Cdpf, i-feeded; 5-valved. .Cup fimple; rough and inelegant. 314. Glau'x, - - - Capf. 5-feeded; and 5-valved, Cm/) fimple; bell-fhaped; rough and inelegant. + Polygonum amphibium. Atriplex. Salfola, Chenopodium maritimum. ******* Flowers imperfeB; fuperior. 315* The'sivm. - - .Seed i, crowned. Cm/» bearing fhe chives. Order; V. CHIVES. Order II, DIGYMIA; II. POIAltALS. Flowers of i petal; beneath, 51. Swer'tia. - - Capf. i-celled; 2 valved. Blofs. wheel-fhaped, with 5 honey- cup pores. k52, Gentia'na. - - Capf. i-celled, 2-valved. Blofs, tubular ; varioufly fhaped. "f* Cufcuta. *"* Flowers of 5 petals; beneath. •}• Staphylea pinnata. Flowers impetfeSt. , 039. Sal'sola. - - Seed 1 ; refembling a fnail-lhell, covered. Cup 5 leaves. 337. Chenopo'dium. Seed i ; roundandflat. Cup ^con* cave leaves. 538. Be'ta. - - - Seed i ; kidney-fhaped. Cup 5 leaves; with the feed at the bottom. Seed I ; egg-fhaped ; covered. Cup with 5 divilions. T'hreads 5 with, and 5 without tips. Berry not juicy ; comprelfed. Cup 1 leaf ; foon (hrivelling. ■f Scleranthus annuus, perennis. Cufcuta europoea. ■^36, Heenia'ria. - I34.5. Ul'mus. - - Flowers^ g petals; fuperior — and 2 feeds, /n Rundles. A. Fence both general and partial. 354. Eryng'ium. - Florets in globular heads. Recep^ fade chaffy, 355. Hydrocot’vle. Florets in z i'oTt of rundle; fer- tile. Seeds comprelfed. 356. Sanic'ula. - - F/orefj in a fort of rundle ; thole in the centre barren. Seeds covered with fharp points. N 4 * 375. Heracle'um. 184 P E N T A N D R • I A. .i 375. Heracle'um. - Florets uncquA ; almoH: all fer- * tilq. , deciduous. .S'm/j S membranaceous. 9 382. Oenan THE. - * : riTrets unecjual ; thofe in the cir- 9 cumlbrence barren, irna’fim- 3 _i pie. 5Wrcrowmed; fitting. “1 359. Echinoph'or A. ■ F/orctJ unequal ; feveral barren. | Fence fimple. Seeds fitting. % 362. Cau'calis. - -■ /'.''Tb'.f unequal; thole in the cen-*.jl tr-e barren. Ffwce fimple. 9 covered with fharp points,, '1 364. Dau'c.us. - - Florets unequal; thofe in the 1 centre barrren. Fence winged. | Seeds covered with prickles. 1 361. Tordyl'ium. - - F/crefi unequal ; all fertile. Feiice I fimple. Seeds with a fcolloped I border. | 370. Peuced'anum. F/orctr. equal ; thofe in the centre , ;■ barren. Fence fimple. Seeds j fcored; flatted. ‘ ! ,367, Co'nium. ^ F/orrfr equal; all fertile. ,Petals j heaft-fhaped. Partial fence ck- | ' " tending but ■§• way round. ; f bellying; ribbed and furrowed, i 366. Bu'nium. - - Ffe/vtr equal ; all fertile. Petals • heart-fhaped. P(irha/y/tW brif- • ' tle-fliaped. ■ • _ • 369. Ai’HAiMAN'TA. - Florets cquzl ; all fertile. Petals heart-lhaped. Seeds convex, fcored. ‘ ■ 358. Bupleu'rum. - F/o7-rfj- equal ; all fertile. Petals _ rolled inv^rds. (Fhe'undivtded leaves of the partial fence often ' ■ , • refemhle petals.) 378. Si'uM.; - - F/c)7-tYr/equal ; all fertile. Petals heart -fliaped. nearly egg- ‘ • fliaped ; fcored. 368. Seli'num. - F/oreVr equal ; ail fertile. Petals • heart-^haped..S^’c^/fflatted;fcored» 371. Grith'mum. - - FW^.r equal ; all fertile. Petals <■ ' rather fiat. Fence horizontal. 376. ' Ligus'tic'um. - F/27'cr.f equal ; all fertile. Petals ‘■•’‘i ' rolled inwards. Fence mem- , . . branaceou^. ■ " - 27y. Angelica. V. CHIVES. gyy. Angel-'ic.\. - - equal ; all fertile. Petals rather flat. Rundlets globular, gyp. Si'soN. - - - Hore/.; equal ; all fertile. Petals rather' flat. Rundlets of few " . florets. ' *|* Corlandrum. Apium graveolens. B . Fence pnly partial. 385. .^THU'SA. :386. Corian'drum. - gSy. Scan'dix. - 38o.Cri.ffi;ROPHYL'LUM 383. Phellan‘drium. I 389. I.mperato'ria. - 384. Cicu'ta. - - - F/orefi rather unequal; all fertile. Partiaifence extending but half way round. Florets unequal ; "^ome of them barren. Fruit nearly globular. Florets unequal ; thole in the centre barren. Fruit oblong. Florets unequal ; thofe in, the centre generally barren. Fruit nearly globular. (Partiaifence 5 leaves.) F/ore/r nearly equal; all fertile. Fruit croM’necl. Florets nearly equal ; all fertile. Rumlle expanded and flat. Florets nearly equal ; all fertile; Petals rather flat. Bupleurura rotundifolium. Heracleum Sphondylium. Oenanthe crocata. Caucalis Icptophylla. Angelica fylveftris. Bunium Bulbocaftanum. . C. Fence o neither general >nqr partial. ^ 393. Smyr'nium. 395. Ca'rum" - *392. Pastina'ca. - 394. Ane'thum. - Florets equal ; thofe in the centre barren, ^ccdi^kidney-fliaped; angular. Florets nearly equal ; thofe in the centre barren. Seeds bel- lying-; fcored. Florets nearly equal ; all fertile. Seeds deprelfcd apd flat. Florets nearly equal ; all fertile. Seeds bordered ; fcored. 398. /Egopo'dium. m PENTANDRIA. 398. ^Egopo'dium. - F/ore|j nearly equal ; all fertile. , Seeds bellying ; fcored. Petals heart-fhaped. 397. A'pium. - - - F/oretJ equal ; almoft all fertile. Seeds minute ; Icored. Petals bent inwards. 369. Pimpinel'la. - Homj nearly equal ; all fertile. Petals heart-lhaped. Rundles before flowering, nodding. Order III. r RIG Y XI A; III. POIXTALS. * BlofToms fuperior. 400. Vibur’num. - - Blofs. 5-clefted. Berry i-feeded. 402. Sambu'cus, - - Blofs. 5-clefted. Berry 3-feeded. ** BlofToms bejieath. 404. Staphyle'a. - Blofs. 5-petaled. Capf. with 2 or 3 clefts; inflated. 41 1, Alsi’ne. - - Blofs. 5-petals. Capf. i-celled. Cup 5-leaved. Petals cloven. 409. CoRRiGi'oLA. - F/q/}. 5-petaled. Seed 3-cornered, Cup with 5 divifions. •j* Montia Ton tana. Arenaria rubra; marina. Sallola fruticofa. Holofteum umbellatum. Chenopodlum maritimum. Order IV. TETRACYXIAi IV. POIXtALS. 415. Parnas'sia. - B/q/}. 5-petaled. 4-valved. Honeycups 5 ; fringed with glands. Order V. PEXTAGYXIA; V. POIXTALS. 419. Li'num, - - - 5/q/}. 5-petaled. Cu/)/. 10-celled; 2-feeded. 421, Dro'sera. 187 V. CHIVES. 21. Dro'sera. - - B/o/jr. 5-petaled. Capf. i-cel\ed; opening at the top. , 25. Sibbal'dia. - - Blofs, 5-petaled. Seeds 5. Cup lo-ciefted. 18. Stat'ice. - - B/q/}. with 5 divifions. Seed i; enclofed in the funnel-fhaped cup. •j" Ceraflium femidecandrium. Spergxila pentandria. Geranium. sagina procumbens. Order VI. '°0L YG YXIA; MAJIY POINTALS. -26. Myosu'rus. — Cup 5-leaved. Honeycups 5; , tongue-fhaped. Seeds numerous, •f" Ranunculus hederaceus. 192, MY Or 1 88 moufe-ear field yellow flowered broad-leaved PENTANDRIA MO NO GY NI A. / 19*2. MYOSO’TIS. Scorpiongrafs. Empal. with 5 dial low clefts ; oblong; upright; fharp-; permanent. Bloss. I petal ; lalver-draped. cylindrical ; diort. /?ordrr flat ; with 5 dial low clefts. Segments blunt ;j notched at the end. Mouth clofed with 5 convex/ prominent, approaching valves. Chives. Threads 5, very diort; fixed to the neck of the tube. Tips very i'mzll ; covered. Point. Sccd-buds 4. 5/ia/t thread-diaped ; as long as the tube of the bloffom. Summit hluut. \ S. Vess. None. The Cup enlarged and upright contains • -the feeds within it. ' ■ ' ’ ‘ Seeds. 4; egg-diaped; tapering; fmooth. Ess. Char. Blofs. Jalver-Jhapcd , with 5 clefts, niched; Mouth clofed z&ith a vaulted roof. MYOSO'TIS fcorpioi'des. Seeds’ fmooth. Points of the leaves callous. Bloflbms in a long fpirally twilled fpike. Apr. — Aug. When it grows in the water, and its talle and fmell arc thereby rendered lets obfei'vablc. Sheep will fometimes eat it, but it is generally fatal to them. Cows, Horfes, Swine, and Goats re- fufe it. , a,, arvenfis. Leaves hairy. ri. dan. sS^.^Dod. 72, repr. in Lob. ohj. 245. 4, Ger. em. 337. 4; and cop. in Park. Cgi. 7, and H. ox. xi. 31. row 2. i. — •: 7. B. iii. 589. 2. Dry meadows, corn fields, and gardens. Seeds Ihiniug. Scoi>. With. Stem-leaves egg-fpear-lhaped. Empal. divided more than half way down. Blots, fome of the feg- ments very entire ; valves bright^ yellow, convex above, and hollow underneath, the tips being placed in the hollow. Sumiidts 2, globular, very minute. comprefled. Wi th. ' I3. Bloflbms yellow. R.-iy. Huds. St. In very dry fituations it has fometimes blue and yellow flowers on the fame plant. Mr. Woodward. Walls, dry pallures, and fandy places. A. 7. Huds. Leaves broad, hairy. Bloflbms larger than a and flowers earlier. In woods. A. Ray. Ray 9. 2. at p. 128. — Barr. 404? palujliis. water V, CHIVES, I. POINTAL. paluftrts. Leaves fmoolh. Curt. iii. 28. — Cer. evi. 337. 3, cop. in Park. Cgi. 8, and li. ox. xi. 31 . row 2. 4. — f Barr. 404, from its place of gruivtli, habit, and hairy leaves feems rather tp be y.) Ditches, fprings, and rivulets. P.‘* 193. L I T H O S P E R’M U M. Gromwell. Em PAL. Cm/) with 5 divifions; oblong; ftraight ; point- ed; permanent. awd-fhaped ; keeled. LOSS. I petal, funnel-flaaped ; as long as the empale- ment. 1 ube cylindrical. Border with 5 fliallow clefts ; blunt, upright. Mouth open, naked. •CuiVEs. ‘threads pj, very fhort. tips oblong, in the mouth of the bloffom. Point.- Seed-buds 4. Shaft thread-Oiaped ; as long as the tube of the bloffom. Summit blunt ; cloven. S. Vess. None. The feeds are contained in the bottom of the open cup, which is longer than the feeds. Seeds. 4, egg-fliaped; tapering; hard; fmooth. Ess. CIhak. Blofs. funnel-JJtaped, open' and naked at the mouth. Empal. xvith 5 divijions. LITHOSPER'MUM officinaHe. Seeds fmooth . Cloffoms hardly longer than the cup. Leaves fpear-fbaped. Ludw. 147. — Dod. 83.2, rcpr.in Ger. em. 6og. 2, and cop. in Park. 432. I, and H. ox. xi. 31. row i. 1. — Ger. 486. 2'. — Matth.giS. — Fuchf. 4^^, cop. in Trag. 536, and J. B. iii. 590. 2, — (Blackw. is L. arvenje.) Blojfoms white. Seeds as hard as bene. Linn. Gromill. Graymill. Dry gravelly foil. P. May. June. Grew fays the feeds have fo much earth in their compofition that they effervefee with acids, but Linnieus contradidls this affertion. Sheep and Goats eat it. — Cows and Horfes refufe it. LITHOSPER'MU M arven'fe. Seeds wrinkled. BloiToms hardly longer than the cups. Riv. * This being perennial, while the reft are annuals, has led Haller to make it a diflinft fpecies, and yet variety which Ray afTerts to be annual, he has ar- ranged as a variety of this. The varieties of this fpecies in the hands of the cultivating botanift, might form the fubjeiS of a courfe of very interefting ex- periments, St. ■> common corn ISO PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Riv. mon. 9. i. — H- dan. 456. — Blnckw. 436. — H. ox. xi. 28. 7. , — Ger. em. 610. 4, cop. in Park. 432. G. — .Matth. 917, feeds, I fufpeci, Jitlitious. ' : very rough. Leay^5 betwixt ftrap and fpcar-fhaped, hairy. ; Empal. fegments hetet with long white hairs. Blnfs. hairy on the outfide ; tube with ten glandular teeth at the bale on the inlide. r Chives very fhort, inferted near the bafe of the tube. Shaft not half as long as the tube. Seeds rather covered with tubercles than wrinkled. W i th. — Blofs. white, on Ihort fruit-ftalks. Roots reddilh. Bajiard Alkanet. Bajlard Gromill. Shlfern. Painting Root. “ Cornfields, common. A. May. June. The girls in the North of Europe paint their faces with the juice ■ of the root upon days of feftivity. The bark of the root tinges wax and oil of a beautiful red, limilar to that which is obtained from the root of the foreign Alkanet that is kept in the fhops. Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horlcs and 4 Swine refufe it. | creeping LITHOSPER'MUM purpu'ro-cceru'lewn-. Seeds | fmooth. Bloflfom feveral times longer than the cup. — | Jacq. fi. 14. — Pet. 29. 6. — Cluf. ii. 163. 2, rcpr. in Dod. 83. i, Lob. obf. 245. I, Ger. em. 609. i, and cop. in Park. 431, and H. ox. xi. 31.2. — Pluk. 76. 2. — Ger. 486. i. — J. B. iii. 692. I . — (Matth. 917, fccms rather L. arvenfe. — H. ox. ib. 5, a dif- ferent plant.) Theiarrew ftems creeping andfending forth roots. Flowering jlems upright. Blojfoms iiuriAe. Lins. ' Mountainous and woody paftures. P. June.- / / 194. ANCHU'SA. l V. CHIVES, 1. POINTAL. 191 194. AN C HU'S A. Alkanet. • 2mpal. Cup with 5 divifions; oblong; cylindrical; pointed; fharp; permanent. oLoss. I petal ; funnel-fhaped. Tiibe cylindrical ; as long as the empalement. Border with 5 lhallow clefts ; blunt ; a little expanding. Mouth clofed by 5 convex, prominent, oblong, approaching valves. - wHi VEs. ‘threads very fhort ; fixed to the mouth of the blofs. ‘tips oblong ; fixed Tideways ; covered by the valves of the tube. '^oiNT. Seed-buds 4. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit blunt ; notched, i. Vess. None. The Cup growing larger and upright inclofes the feeds. Seeds. 4; rather long; blunt; bulging. Ess. Char. Blofs. funnel-Jhaped, the mouth clofed by a vaulted roof. Seeds hollowed out at the bafe. Obs. When the bloflbm is fully expanded it is nearly falver- iiaped. A N C H U ' S A fempervi'rens. Fruit-ftalks in heads with evero'reen s leaves to each head. Linn. Or in leafy bunches iu oairs. Leaves egg-fhaped. St.* Munt. 1 17. — H. ox. xi. 26, 2. — Lob. adv. 247, repr. in Ger. em. 'jgj. 3, heads expanded as is fometimes the cafe into f pikes ia pairs. — Ger. 653. 3, fowers on long naked fruit-Jlalks. Stems from the fides of the crown of the root ; upright, rough with hair. egg-ftrap-fhaped, on leaf-ftalks; remote; fpotted with white. Fruit-fialks riling from the bafe of the leaves, bear- ing feveral flowers. Floral-leaves oppolite, fitting, fpear-egg- Ihaped. Blofs. hlue; tube fhort. Linn. — Leavej .not fpotted with white. Empal. fet thick with long white briltly hairs ; fegments "ather longer than the tube of the bloflbm. Blofs, tube with four ;omers at the bafe. Threads inferted about the middle of the ' ^ube. Tipi dark purple. Summit fcored acrofs. 6'rrii-^infi embedded tin a hollow glandular receptacle, i or 2 generally abortive. Seeds trough, of a bony hardnefs. With. J Road fides and amongft rubbifh. [Haddifcoe, Suffolk, Mr. IWoodward; near Norwich, Mr. Pitchkord; near Birming- ’! ham • — Vel racetnolig, racemls foliatig conjugatis, follis ovatis. St. '92 PENTANDRIA .MONOGYNIA. ham on the Alcefter Road. With, near the Bbnkctfs, Worcef- ter. Mr. Ballard. St.] • P. May. June. Cows, Horfes, Sheep, and Goats cat it. Swiric are not fond of lu ■ CYNOGLOSS'UM. Houndstongue. i G x\ith 5 divifions ; oblong; fliarp; perma Bi _ V •, p-'tal ; funnel-fhaped ; as long as the empale- ‘T'etr: 7 cylindrical ; fliorter than the Border, iri'. g/ .> with 5 Qiallow clefts ; blunt. Mouth clofed hy V. ;■ 'onvex, prominent, approaching. valves. Chiv' s. l ltrrads veryfhart; fixed to the mouth ofi^ the bloifom. round! fh ; naked. Point. Sccd-buds 4. Shaft awl-flaaped.; as long as the chives permanent. .SwititjuV notched at the end. S. Vess. None; but the feed-coats of the four feeds; ; depreifed, roundifh, outwardly more blunt ; rough; not opening ; flat upon the outer fide ; fixed by their points. ' Seeds. 4; .fomewhat egg-flaaped; bulging; tapering; fmooth. (Hairy or w'ooliy. Scop.) Ess. Char, /i/ofi. funnel-fhaped ; mouth clofed by a vaulted roof. Seeds deprejfed, fxed to the Jhaft only by their inner edge. Obs. TheefTence of this genus conhftsTi^avirig 4 feed-coats fixed to the fhaft, each containing a fingleTeed." great CYNOGLOSS'UM q^aHd'fes.v^’hives fhorter than the bloifom. Leaves broad ; fpb'r^flaaped ; fitting ; downy. — \ Ludw. 8i.-h-C?;rt. iv. 43. — Matth. 1190 and 1191, cop. in Dod. 54. I and 2, repr. in Lob. ohf. 313, Ger. em. 804. i and f , atid which cop, in Park. 51 1 , a?id 512. 3', — Blackw. 249. — Ger. 659. — H. ox, xi. 30. I and 2. — J. B. iii. 598. — (Fuchf. 408, cop. ^ in T’rag. 230, has chives longer than the blofs. and is Bugl. fylv. tert. Bauh, pin. p. 256. J Seeds hedge-hogged. Scop. — Whole plant downy, and foft to the to'u h. Leaves firap-fpear-fliaped. Empal. fegments oblong-egg- fli. ped, not fharp. i>7o/5. a marone or mulberry colour. Valvis fvi;igcd. Tips ublong. With. kuadfides and araongfi rubbifh. P. June. Both V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. ig6. PULMO N A'R I A. Lungwort. 93 Both the root and leaves have been fufpedled to polTefs narcotic :jh)ropertie.s, but Ibme will not admit the fact. It is difcarded from !■ Jhe prelent pradlice; but Mr. Ray fays that Dr. Hulfe ufed a de- j ! odlion of the roots inwardly, and^cataplafiAs of them outward- ” y in ftrumous and fcrophulous cafes. — Its fcent is very difagree- ! tble, and very much refembles that of mice. Mr. Waldron fliLL. St. I Goats eat it. Coavs, Horfes, Sheep, and Swine refufe it It furnifhes food to the Phalcena Domina. y. Linn. Huds. Park. 512. 5. Stem with a flight hairinefs. Leayes not hoary, but of a dark rreen; fmooth above. Flowers fmaller, has not the hoarinefs, md is entirely deftitute of the ftrong fcent of the common Cynoglof- .im. Bavh. prodr. — Leoyci rougher. Pollich. St. ! [Shady lanes about Worcefter. Mr. Pitts in R.fyn. St. — Near ihegdmile ftone on the road from Worcefter to Perfhor'e.NASH.] ■ .11 V:i' green-leaved iMPAL. Cup I leaf; with 5 teeth; a 5-lided prifm; per- manent. 3loss. I petal; funnel-fhaped. 'Tube cylindrical; as long as the empalement. Border with 5 fiiallow clefts ; blunt ; not quite upright. Mouth open. Jhives. Threads veryfhort; in the mouth of the tube. Tips upright ; approaching. Point. Seed-buds 4^ SAa/t thread-fhaped ; Ihorter than the empalement.- 5«m7niV blunt ; notched at the end. •5. Vess. None. The unchanged contains the feeds in it? bife. Seeds. 4; rouhdifh; blunt. Ess. Char. Blofs. J'unnel-Jhaped. Mouth 4pen. Empal, a yfided prifm> PULMONA'RIA officina'lis. Empal. as long as the broad-leaved ube of the Tiloffom. Root-leaves egg-heart-ftiaped ; "ough. — Ludw.4^. — Fl.dani^Qz. — Blackw. 376, blojfons ill-coloured. — Ger. 663. 4, and 662. i. — Cluj. ii. igg. i, repr. in Dod. 135. I, Lob. obj. 317. I, and Ger. em. 808. i ; and cop. in H. ox. xi. 2g. 8, — Wok. — Park.par. 251. i. — J. B. iii., 5g5. — Matth. 1040. — (H. ox. ib. g, and Pluk. 22'j. 4, are good reprejenta- tions, but of a variety djffere7it from the common.) Vol. I. O Bloft’onis 194 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. i w Bloffoms purple when newly expanded, but afterwards blue. Stems rough. Tube of tlie bloflbm white; mouth hairy. Spotted LungivorL Coujlips JeruJalevi. Woods. P. May. When burnt it affords a larger quantity of afhes than almoft any other vegetable; often i-ylh of its weight. Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horfes and Swine fefufe it. — The Chryfomela nemorum feeds upon it. This fpecies is given on the authority of Mr. Hudfon, who re- fers to FL dan. 482, the P. officinalis t and alfo to Ger. ew. 808. 2, 226. which is the P. anguJiifoUa, and gives no place of growth except one tranfcribed from Ray. — The following is given conformable to the authority of Ray. narrowleaved PULMONA'RIA anguJlifo’Ua. -Root-leaves fpear-, fhaped. — ■ • FI. dam 483. — Ger. G6?. 2. — Cluf. ii. 170. i, rep. in Gef. em. 808. 2, and cop. in H. o.v. xi. 29. row 2. 5. — Fark. par. 251. 2. — (H. ox. lb. 10, and J. P. iii. 59G, is a different plant. J Bugbjs-Cowjlips. L^g-leavcd .Sage of jerifalem. “ Mr. Goodyer found it id a wood by Holbury Houfe in the “ New Foreft, Hamplhire.'” Johnson jk Ger. em. p. dog. — R. fyn. 226. — ^The autlioritvof Mr. Goodyer is cited alfo by Parkinfon, but who fuppofes hirh to have found the P, offcinalis. St. fea PULMONA'RIA marii'ima. Empalement but half as long as the tube of the blolfom. Leaves egg-fliaped. ’ Stem branched ; trailing. — Lighf. 7. — Dill. elth. C5. — Ft. dan. 2^.ffJ'lj^k'.''sy2. 3, cop. in H. ox. xi. 2S. rctv 2. 12. — Park. jH). ff,^^Sibb‘ald. 12. 4. bad. Mr. WOODAVARD. Leauer upper %rface fprinkled \vith wfilteproininent dots. St. —Blojs. purple;* ^ Sea Buglojs. On fandy fhores. P. July. 197. SYM'PHY- V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 197. SYM'PHYTUM. Comfrey. Em PAL. Cup with 5 divifioils and 5 corners; upright; fliarp ; permanent. Bloss. I petal ; bell-fhaped. Tube very fhort. Border tubular; diflended; thicker than the tube edge with 5 blunt refle6led teeth. Mouth of the ‘Tube fur- nifhed with 5 awl-fhaped valves^ flrorter than the border, approaching fo as to form a cone. I^HiVEs. Threads ^ ; awl-lhaped ; Handing alternately with the valves in the mouth of the tube. Tips upright ; fharp ; covered. ^oiNT. Seed-buds 4. Shaft thread-lhaped, as long as the bloffom. Summit fimple. 8. Vess. None. The Cup grows larger and wider. Seeds. 4; bulging, tapering; approaching at the points. Ess. Char. Blojs. the border hetzvixt tubular and buls;in2;; the mouth clofed zmth axd-jhaped rays-^ SYM'PHYTUM ojficina'le. Leaves egg-fpear-{haped> running along the Hem. — Ludxv. 80, but frcfin the ink having taken only the edge of the jlalk has very much of the delicate appearance of S. tnberofum-. — Curt. iv. 28. — FI. dan. 664, — Blackw. 252. — Matth. 961, cop. m Dod'. 134, I, repr.iiiLob. obf. 315. i, Gcr. ew. 806, i, and cop. in Park. 523. i. — Gcr. 660. i and 2.—H. oxi xi. 29. row. i. I. — Pet. 29. 5. — fuchf. 695, cop. in Prag. 240, andj. B. iii. 593- Root nearly fpindle-fhaped, fingle, or generally feveral, a foot long, as thick as one’s finger, round, not knotty, as in the S. iiberofun. Upper leaves fometimes oppofite. Begins to flower in une, continuing the greater part of the fummer. Road lides, where the rubbifli of gardens or ploughed fields has been laid, and file adjoining paftures. Jacq. — Blofs. valves of the mouth not toothed : tthebafe. Scop. — But in my fpeciraens they are generally toothed llown to the bafe. St. — Bloffoms yellowifh white. (3. Bloffoms purple. Linn. — Or pink colour.. St. Empal. corners not very evident. Blofs. tube as long as the em- I alement; egg-fhaped above. ' Fafm fpear-fhaped, flat, cover- nig the tips; edge ftudded with fmall fhining glands. With. Banks of rivers and wet ditches. P. May. The particles of the duft appear in the microfcopc like two glo- 'iiles united together. The leaves give a grateful flavour to cakes O 2 and common purple I ' iq5 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, j I and panada, and the young ftems and leaves are excellent when [ boiled. The roots are glutinous and mucilaginous, and a decoc- tion of them is ufedby the dyers to extradl the colouring matter i of gum laic. Cows and Sheep eat it. Horfes, Goats, and Swine refufe it. Linn. — A Horfe eat it. St. tuberous SYM'PHYTUM tubero’fum. Leaves running half ■ rooted way down ; the uppermofl; oppofite. — Jacq.Ji. 225.— 06/. 63. — Cluj. ii. 166. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 806. 3, and cop. in H. ox. xi. 29. row i. 3. — 7. B. lii. 594. — fCluJ. ib. I, repr. in Dod. 134. 2, Lob. obf. 315. 2, and cop. in Park. 523. 3 , and H. ox. ib. 2 , feems to me to rcjemble more Hyofcyamtis '• Seopolia than a Symphytum.) PofTibly a variety of the S. officinale. Root white, and not blacl; ' on the outfide as that of the preceding^ Linn. — Root tuberous,- I oblong, branched or fimple^ with flender lateral fibres. Leaves : not fo rough with hair; edges often running down almoft as far ^ as In the S. officinalis; upper fometimes alternate. Habit more de- licate; not fo tall; all the parts in lefs profufion. Blofs. yellowilh ■ white. Begins to bloffom in May, and out of flower by the end . of June. — Shady woods and brakes. Jacq. — Head of the root tu- berous-. Blofs. palifti yelloAv ; valves of the mouth finely toothed throughout. Scop. — Butfo are thofe of the S. officinale. St. 2oo. BORA'GO. Borage. . Empal. Cm/i with 5 divifions ; permanent. Bloss. I petal; wheel-fliaped; aslongastheempalement. 'Tube fhorter than tlie cup. Boiler with 5 divifions ; wheel-flraped ; flat. Mouth crowned with 5 pronii- J nencies, which are blunt and notched at the end. Chives. Tin-eads p) ; awl-fliaped ; approaching. Tips oh- 1 long ; approaching ; fixed to the inner fide, and | about the middle of the thread. ' 1 / * Point. Seed-buds 4. Shaft thread-fhaped ; longer than j the chives. Summit fimple. ; S. Vess. None; The Cup grows larger and bladder- ; fhaped. j Seeds. 4; roundifh; wrinkled; keeled outwardly to- -j wards the point ; globular at the bafe : lying length- ; ways in a hollow of the receptacle. Ess. Char. Blofs. wheelfhaped ; mouth clofed vuith rays. ' ; BORA'GO •’ / 197 V. CHIVES, 1. POINTAL, B O R A' G O officina'Us. All the leaves alternate. Cups ’xpanding. — Ludw.^. — Fuchf. 142, cop. in Dod. 62y. i, which repr. in Ger, em. 797. 2 ; and cop. again in jf. B. iii. 574, ztjhich repr. at 588. I. — Blackiv. 36. — Matth. 1 186. — Trag. 237. — Ger. 653. 2 and I. — FJ. ox.xi. 26. I, on the left. — Lob. obj. 309, 2, repr. in Ger. em. 797. i . Fruit-ftalks terminating; fupporting feveral flowers. Came riginally from Aleppo; but now found in many parts of Europe, lofs. blue, white, or flelh-coloured. Linn. — Whole p/nwt rough ’with numerous white prickly hairs. Blojs. fegments fpear-fhaped; the prcminerKies, one riling front the bafe of each fegment, brown- “Ih, half egg-fhaped. Threads, the portion above the infertion f the tips cylindrical, dark blue, that below the infertion thick, rown and glandular. Tips black. Shaft rather fhorter than the hives. Lrauci egg-fhaped, embracing the ftem. With. Walls and amongft rubbilh. P. June. — Aug, By the experiments of Mr. Marggraff, Mem. de Berlin. 1747. p, 72, it appears that the juice affords a true nitre. — It is now fel- •dom ufed inwardly but as an ingredient in cool tankards for fum- mer drinking, though the young and tender leaves are good in dallads, or as a pot-herb. — It affords nouriffiment to the Phalcena •Gamma. Linn. — A Horfe eat it. St. r 2oi. ASPERU'GO. Catch weed. Em PAL. Cupoi I leaf; permanent; with 5 upright, un- equal fegments. Bloss. I petal; funnel-fhaped. "Tube cylindrical; very fhort. Border with 5 (hallow clefts ; blunt ; fmall. Mouth do fed by 5 convex, projeding, approaching valves. Chives. Threads very fhort ; fixed in the mouth of the tube. Ti/ij rather oblong ; covered, Point. Seed-budi 4, comprelfed. Shaft thread-fhaped ; fhort. Summit blunt. S. Vess. None. T’he Cup very large; upright; com- preffed ; clofes upon and contains the feeds. Seeds. 4; oblong; comprelfed; in diffant pairs. Ess. Char. Empal. of the fruit compreffed; its fides flat, parallel, indented. (But in A. oegypt. the empal. of the fruit is bulging. St.) O3 ASPERU'GO common iq8 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ! i trailing ASPERU'GO procum'bens-. Empalepnent of the fruit ; compreffecl. — j FI. dan. 552. — H. o.x. xi. 26. 13. — Ger. 963. — Dod. 356, repr. j '{ inGer. em. 1122. 2. — Lob. ohf. 4G6. 2, — Garid. 9. — 7. B. iii, j 600. 2, repr. in 601. 2.— 590. i, a different plant. J Blqfs. very fmall, deep blue- Hall. Mj. Woodw. — Leaves 1 moftly by threes, all pointing upwards. Mr. Woodwaed. — Stem I angular, tides unequal; angles befet with ftrong hooked prickles I pointing backwards. Lfffuwfpear-oblong, befet with hairs point- I ing towards the end; from i to 4 to a fet of flowers, from the 1 fame fide of thefiem with theflowfers. Empal. of the fruit a{fume$ 1 an appearance very different from that of the flower, as if com- j ' poled of 2 diftindl valves, though in reality of i leaf; tcetA taper- '1 ing to a point, the middlemoft in one of the valves longer than 1 the other teeth, but in the other valve fhorter, and cloven at the ] end. fcarcely a line broad, fra’t on fhort fruit-ftalks, bowed 1 down in a diredlion oppofite to that of the leaves. St. ? Great Goofe-grafs. German Madwort. t In roads and amongft rubbifh. A. April. May. | Horfes, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. Cows are not fond ! of it. ■ i ' 202. LYCOP'SIS. Buglofs. ^ Empal. Cm/) with 5 divifions ; permanent. Segments ob- long ; (harp ; open. Bloss. I petal; funnel-flia'ped. cylindrical ; crook- ed. Border with 5 fhallow clefts ; blunt. Mouth clofed by 5 prominent, convex, approaching valves. Chives. Threads very fmall; fixed to the bend of the tube. Tips fmall, covered by the valves. ' Point. Seed-buds 4. Shaft thread-flraped ; as long as the chives. Summit hhmt; cloven. S. Vess. None. The Cup very large and bladder-lhaped inclofes the feed. Seeds. 4 ; rather long; covered by a dry hard wrinkled coat. Ess. Char. Tube of the hlofpjiji crooked. Ipild LYCOP'SIS amcn'jis. Leaves fpear-flvaped, rough M'ith hair. Cups while in flower upright. luchf. 269, cop. in Dod. 628. 2, which repr. in Ger. em. 799. 3, find cop. again in y. B. iii. and H. cjr. xi. 26. 8. — Riv. men. V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. mon. y. 2, briflly kairs not reprejented, — FI. dan. 435, leaves ta- pering to a point; the undulated toothed edge and brijtly hairs not re- prej'ented. — Blackw. 234, leaves rounded at the end, and with the deficiencies of FI. dan. — Trag. 234,* as the Fl. dan. Wl'.ole plant rough with ftiong hairs. Linn. St. — Hairshulhous at the root. Hall. St. — Heads of the Jummit befet with fmalt tubes in lines, the ends of which are expanded into a kind of bordej. Mr. Ho llefe a r. — LeaueAfomctiines nearly ftrap-fhaped, and fometimes nearly^gg-ihaped; waved at the edge, and fome- vvhat toothed. Stems thick, round. Empal. fegmeiits fometimes fpear-fhaped. Blofs. iky hlixe. With. St. — Stem either Angle, or branching from the bottom. Leaves \nvcd, fometimes oblong, and the upper fpmetimes egg-fhaped; teeth terminated by briftly hairs. Empal. upright alfo when the feeds are ripe. St. Corn fields and road (ides. [Sometimes on dunghills, when the leaves are often li inch broad. S r.] A. June. — Sept. Cows, Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Swine reful'e it. 203. E C 'H I U M. Vipergrafs. E.mpal. Cap with 5 divifions ; upright; permanent. Seg- ments awl-fhaped ; upright. Bloss. I petal; bell-fhaped. very fhort. Border gradually widening; with 5 clefts, blunt; upright. Segments generally unequal ; the 2 upper being the longeft; the /otc'er fmaller; fharp ; reflected. Mouth open. Chives, ‘threads 5 ; as long as the bloffom ; awl-fhaped ; declining; unequal. • Ftps oblong ; fixed fid eways. Point. Seed-buds 4. thread-fliaped; as long as the chives. Summit blunt ; cloven. ' S. Vess. None. The cup becoming more rigid, contains the feeds. Seeds. 4; roundifh ; obliquely tapering. Ess. Char. Blofs. irregular ; the mouth open. Obs. In the £. italicum the-bloffom is nearly regular, EC'’HIUM ital'icum. Stem upright, hairy. Spikes zmll hairy. Segments of the Blolfoms nearly equal." Chives extremely long. — * Referred by C. B. to his Buglofs. fylv. min. ale, and ajperius C. B, pin. 556, and as Fl. dan. 435 may prove to be at lead a Uiftinft variety. Sx, O 4 Dod. ^99 200 common PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Dod. 631. 2, repr. in Loh. obj. 312. i, Cer. em. 802. i ; and cop, in H. ox. xi. 27. 6, and Park. 519. — J. K. iii. 588. i, (the j'eparale fiowers do not belong to it. — J. B. iii. 584, 2, is referred to by Ray, but it feems the a of Linn, who regards our plant as a variety of the true ilalicum.J invariably white. Hall. Sandy meadows and paftures. On the fandy ground near St. Hilary, Jerfey. P. Huns. A. Ray. E C ' H I U M vulga're. Stem rough with hairy tuber- cles. Stem-leaves fpear-flraped, rough with hair, Flowers in lateral fpikes. — FI. dan. 445.— Rty. mon. 7. 1, both beginning to flower. — Matth. 996, cop. in Dod. 631. I, repr. in Lob. obf. 312. 2, Ger. em. 802, 2, and cop. in Park. 414. 1, in full flower; andH. ox. xi. 27, row I. — Matth. 892, root and root-leaves. — (J. B. iii. 586, feems more to refemble the E. italicum.) Cfaoej extending beyond the blofs. Hall. Mr. Woodward. St. — Stem frequently, and fometimes the ZeaoPi beautifully fpotted with red. Mr. Woodward. — Stem, the hairs riling from gloffy, purplifh black tubercles. Blofs. upper and lateral clefts rounded, the loweft fomewhat pointed. Threads juft equal to, or about a line longer than the upper fegment of the bloffom. St. — Root- leaves near 2 feet long, ftrap-fhaped. f/otceri numerous, in fpikes; thofe of each fpike pointing one way, and clofely wedged toge- ther. Empal. fringed with white hairs. Blofs. before it ’expands of a fine red, afterwards of a bright blue ; outfide befet with fhort white hairs, and marked with_ 5 riling ribs, extending from the middle of each fegment dowri to the bafe, a little diftended on the upper fide; border, clefts fhallow ; fegments blunt, equal, but the 2 .upper longer. Threads much longer than the blofs. of a fine Ihining red. “lips grey. Shaft very hairy, white, or faintly tinged Avith red. Seed-buds embedded in a flefhy receptacle. A beautiful fhowy plant, and meriting a place in our gardens. With. E. caule fimpl. ereSlo, fol. lanceolato-linearibus hifpidis, k^c. Jlaminibus corolla longioribus. Mill. diSl. ed. 6, to which Mr. Hudfon in his ill edit, gave the name of E. anglicum, but in his 2d it Hands as a var. of E. vulg. — |-bclievp them to be one and the fame plant. St. Mr. Woodward. On the fides of roads and paths, walls and barren corn fields. Ray. St. — Piper s Buglofs. Cows and Sheep are not fond of it. Horfes and Goats refufe jt. — Bees are fond of the flowers. Linn. — But get their wings torn by its ftrong hairs. Scop. «. Huds. V. CHIVES, I. pointal; , Hods. — Chives rifing even with the bloflTom. Mill, and UDS. Blackw. 299. fMr. Hudj. refers to feveral of the figures quoted above, •lit in all thqfe the chives are longer than the blojfom.j Corn fields and road fides. Hods. P. Hods. — A. Ray. — B. Linn, and Lightf. — June. — Aug. 0. E. vulgare anglicum. Hods. Chives longer than the blolTom. Mill, and Hods. — There is a variety in which the branches are nore ftraddling, and the chives nearly twice as long as the blofs. Perhaps the £. anglicum of Huds. ed. i. Lightf. Rich meadows and paftures. Hods. ed. ii. — Barren corn fields ftures, and road fides, common, edit. i. — About Mellrofs Abbey. Lightf. — P. Hods. — A. Ray. — Aug. EC'HIUM viola'ccum. Blofs. and chives of the fame Jhoi flength. Tube of the blofs. fhorter than the empalement. Linn.? St. Mr. Woodward. j Cluf. ii. 164. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 802. 4, and cop. in J. B. iii. 589. I , and H. ox. xi. 27. 2, referred to by Linn, but the chives are longer than the blofs. and Cluf. defcribes the blofs. as red. Very much refembling the E. vulgare, but differs as follows: Blofs. violet. Stems more fpreading. Chives not longer than the 'bloffom, purple. Shaft white, hairy. Blofs. tube nearly is long os the empalement. diftindl. Linn. — Colour a more pleafing ■green. Hairs not rifing from tubercles. Blofs. not red on the firft day of its appearance, as in E. vulg. but uniformly of a pale blue. Murk. prod. 143. — fhorter and npt fo compadl. Hairs not fo ftiff. Murr. St. — Lower -leaves ipeox-{h.oped., blunt; upper oh- long-heart-fhaped, pointed, flowers pointing one way. Bunches (or rather rolled back. Chives, the 5th fhorter. Threads flelh-coloured. Re t z. obf. ii. St. Whole p/ant fmaller, more flender, weak, and hairy than E. vfig. but the hairs fofter, fome of them rifing frorn tubercles. The tuber cleshoxdly, if at all, dif- cernible on the leaves', though they are on the jlem, where they are intermixed with fhort hairs not rifing from tubercles. Empal very unequal. Blofs. unequal, fmaller than thofe of E. vulg. deep blue. CAiues always within or juft even with the bloffom. Mr. WooDw. St. — Stem a foothigh, branching at the top and bottom. Rower-leaves, the lower ones heart-fpear-fhaped, longer than the flowers. Empal. fegmenta broader than in E.vulg. Blofs, half as long again as the empal. at the bafe of the 2 upper fegments befet both within and without with fcattered hairs. Chives even with the 3 lower fegments of the bloffom. St. Exhium I 201 •t-chived 02 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Echiuvi alter um\ five, Lycopfis anglka. R. fyn. 22Z, which “ dif- “ fers from E. vulg. chiefly in the fmallnel's of the flower.” Dr. Richardson, ib. — E. caule fimpl.^ereBt), fiol. caulin. ^c. fiaminibus corollam (Equantibus. Mill. dicl. ed. 6. ? Banks, and corn fields. Near Norwich, Mr. Woodward. — Cultivated in Mr. Ballard's garden under the title of E. itaticum, compared with a fpecimeri fince fent me by Mr. Woodward. St. 210. PRI'MULA. Primrofe. * \ * Em PAL. Fence ; of many leaves; including feveral flowers. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; fharp ; upright; per- ' manent ; with 5 angles, and 5 teeth. Bloss. I petal. cylindrical ; as long as the cup ; terminated by a flaort hemifpherical neck. Border expanding, wdth 5 (hallow clefts. Segments inverfely heart-fhaped ; notched at the end ; blunt. Mouth open. Chives. ‘Threads veryfliort; within the neck of the bloffom. ‘Tips upright; approaching; tapering; .within the tube. Point. Seed-bud glohulzr. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the cup. Summit globular. S.Vess. cylindrical ; nearly as long as the cup, whi^li covers it ; of i cell ; opening at the top with 10 teeth. Seeds. Numerous; roundifli. Receptacle ohlong ; egg- (haped ; loofe. Ess. Char. A fence to the rundle. Tube of the blofs. cylin- drical; mouth open. fpring PRI'MULA vc'ris. Leaves toothed ; wrinkled. Leaves notched. Empalements woolly, inflated. Retz. obf. ii. 72. 13. cowflip a. officinalis. — R. officinalis, which fee. oxlip elatior. — P. elatior, which lee. common y. acaidis. — P. acaulis, which fee. Thefe varieties, though conftant, I do not diftinguifh as fpecies any more than a Black from a European. Linn. — ^Thelatter cafe, however, admits of proof, tl;e former has only conjecture in fup- port of it. The oppofite opinion is fupported by Haller, Scopoli, and Hudfon. St. — But the accurate Dr. Martin, in his Cat. Cant. p. 30, fays, experience hatli taught him to adopt the opinion of Linnxnis; 203 V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 'Linnsus; though at the fame time, with that candour which ever idiftinguifhes real merit, he quotes a different opinion from ano- ther author. With. PRI'M-ULA officina'lis. Scop. — Leaves toothed, Cawjlip wrinkled. Border of the blofs. concave. Linn. — Several flowers on a ftalk, all- nodding. Huns. — Diameter of the ? blofs. not equal to the length of the cup. Scop. St. Laiftc. 43. — FI. dan. 433, — Blachm. 226. — Wale. — FiichJ. 850. — Cluj. i. 301. I, repr. in Lob. obf. 305. i, andGer. em. 780. i. — Trag. 201. — Ger. 635. 2. — A'iafA'iiqg, very ill done. — ('Col. phytob. 6. 2, feems rather P. elatior.) PZo/i. fvveet-feented, full yellow, with a blotch of orange at the bafe of each fegmerit. The whole plant with a delicate hoarinefs upon it. Hall. S t. With. — Leaves fometimes heart-egg-fhaped, with a portion of the leaf running down the leaf-ftalk, with a bluifh mealinefs, fhorter than the ftalk. Little fruit-Jlalks fhorter than the flowers. St. — Blofs. contradled about the middle of the tube, where the chives are inferted. With, Primula verts officinalis. Linn. — Veris. Huns. pagils. Paigles. Coivjlips. Meadors and paftures. [Chiefly, if not always, in a clayey foil. Half rvay up Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh, but the foil a fer- rugineous ftone decompofed. St.] P. Apr. May. The bloflbms are ufed for making cowflip wine. . The leaves fometimes eaten as a pot-herb, and in fallads. The roiot has a fine feent, like anife. — Silk-worms arc fond of the leaves and flowers. 'IranJ. of Soc. of Arts, ii. p. 157. PRI'MULA ela'tior. [Germ, fynon. St.) Leaves OxUp toothed, wrinkled. Border of the blolfom flat. Linn. — Several flowers on •a fl:alk,the outer ones nodding. Hall. — Diameter of the blolfom exceeding the length of the cup. St. FI. dan. 434, right hand Jlalk the bejl. — Fuchf. 851, cop. in J. B. iii. 496. 2. — Cluf. 301. 2,repr. in Dod. 147. i. Lob. obf. 305. 3, Ger. em.jSo. 2. — Ger. 635. i. — Col phytob. 6, 2. — Matth. . 1 150, very ill done. — f Ger. 635. 2, is P. officinalis. J Leaves like thofe of the P. acaulis. Blofs. pale yellow, of a deeper yellow at the bafe of the border. Hall. St. — Leaves nearly as long as the ftalk. Pedicles gentrsUy longer than the flowers. Flowers fcentlefs. The Polyanthus of the florifts appears to me a variety of this fpecies. See R. fyn. ed. i. p. 159. St. — In every refpeeft relem- bling the P. offic. but the parts prpportionably larger. — Blofs. more c.xpanded; 204 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. expanded; diameter of the border more than the length of the tube. "With. Primula. Hall. n. 6ogi — Primula veris elatior. Linn. — Vulgaris 13. Huds. ed. II. — Veris (3. ed. 1. — Oxlips. Great Cowjlips. Woods, hedges, and fometimes paftures. [Clayey paftures, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. — High paftures, near Little Wenlock, Shropfhire. With.] P. Apr. May. common I I I I I PR I'M U LA acau'Us. (Germ, fynon. St.) Leaves toothed, wrinkled. No common flalk. Linn. One flower on a [talk. Hall. — Border of the bloffom flat. Huds. — The diameter of the blofs. exceeding the length of the cup. Scop. St. Sheldr. ii. — FI. dan. 194. — Wale. — Blachw. 52, blojfoms by far too /mail. — ClvJ. i. 302. i, repr. in Dod. 147. 3, Lob. obf. 305. 4, Cer.em. 781. 5, and cop. by Park. 535. i, and H. ox. v. 24. 8 and g.—Parkf par. 243. i. — Col. phytob. 6. i. — (J. B. iii. 497, 15 P. oficmalis.J It has a common flalk, but it is exceedingly Ihort, and is con- cealed beneath the furface of the ground, fo that the ftalks which fupport the flowers are only elongated little fruit-ftalks. Linn. St. — Leaves fomewhat ftiorter than the fruit-ftalks”, fitiooth above, (except along the mid-rib. St.) — Hairy underneath. Hall. St. — Blofs. of a pale whitifh ftraw colour, with a yellow ftar-like blotch of 5 rays furrounding the mouth of the tube. There is found in oftl gardens a variety with a dull purplifti rofe-coloured bloffom. St. — Fruit-flalk and empal. woolly. With. Primula veris acaulis. Linn. — Primula fylveflris. Scop. — Primula vulgaris. Hods . — Primrofe. Woods, hedges, thickets, and heaths, [particularly in a clayey foil. With.] P. Apr. May. Gerard reports that a dram and a half of the dried roots taken up in autumn, operates as a ftrong but fafe emetic. Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. Linn. — Silk-worms may be fed with the leaves. Tranf. (f Soc. of Arts, ii. p. 157. 4 Birds-eye PRI'MULA farino'fa. Leaves fcolloped, fmooth. Border of the bloffom flat. — FI. dan. 125. — Wale. — Gmel. iv. 44. 2 and Q. — Ger. 639. 2 and 1. — Cluf. i. 300. I, repr. in Lob. obf. 307. 2, and Gcr. em. 783. i , and cop. in H. ox. v. 24. row 2. g and 6. — Cluf. 300. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 307. i, Ger. em. 783. 2, and cop. in J. B. iii, V. CHIVES, 1. POINTAL. U. iii. 498. 3. ib. 3. 6. — H. ox. ib. 7. — J. B. ib. 2. — Swert. ii. 4. ,9. — Park. par. 243. 10. Fruit-Jlalks and cmpal. as if dufted with floiir. Linn. Leaves, -eins green; upper furface green. Stalk mealy, after flowering nofing its mealinefs, and lengthening. expanding, af- •er flowering upright, but approaching. Mr. Woonw. — Leaves Imealy underneath. Empal. as long as the tube of the blofs. Blofs. luurplifh blue, with 5 yellow glands at the divifions of the border. tHall. St. Or rather bordered by an elevated flefhy ring, raarked with 5 nicks, giving the appearance of its being compof- ■d of as many glands. This has led Haller to confider it as an •uFrclia, probably not recolleAing that in P. officinalis there is a fimi- iar border round the mouth of the tube, St. Birdj'-eye. Birdf-eyn. Marlhes and bogs on mountains in the north, Ray. Mr. f'WooDvvARD. — [Meadows near Kendall in the richefl; profufion. [.St.] P. May. Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Cows refufe it. The flow- ers are beautiful , but they indicate a barren foil. Linn. — It is, rperhaps, the moft beautiful of our Englifh plants, or yields only to the Hottonia. St. — The Phaleena pronuba lives upon the different fpecies. 215. MENYAN'THES. Buckbean. - t •» Empal. Cup i leaf, with 5 upright divifions ; perma- nent. Bloss. I petal ; funnel-fhaped. "Tube fhort, fomewhat cylindrical at bottom, but funnel-fhaped upwards. Border cloven more than half way down into 5 feg- ments. Segments blunt ; refle6ted ; expanding ; re- markably hairy. Chives. T'hr-eads^; awl-fhaped; fhort. fharp ; up- right ; cloven at the bale. Point. Seed-bud conicdil. Shaft cyVmdxical ; nearly as long as the bloffom. Summit cloven ; comprelfed. S. Vess. Capfule egg-fhaped ; of i ceil : bound round by 1 the cup. Seeds. Many; egg-fhaped; minute. Ess. Char. Blofs. hairy. Summit cloven. Capf. of 1 cell. Obs. The iff fpecies has thcfegments of the petals fringed at the edges; but the upper furface is not hairy. MEN- o6 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. fringed MENYAN'THES nymplwi'des. Leaves heart-fliaped, very entire. Bloffoms fringed. — FI. dan. 339. — Tmrn. 67, jlowers, Cs’c. — f. B. Hi. 772. i, cop. inpet. Bundle iimple , fitting, from the fide of a leaf-ftalk. Lins. — . Leaver circular-heart-fhaped, ferpentine at the edge. Empal. feg- men/5 fpear-fhaped. Blojs. twice as large as the empal. with fpear-ftaped impreflions. HaiiV that of Nymphcea. Wigg.St. — Blofs.fegments inverfelv egg-fhaped, the middle of each veined, and the part fo veined bordered by 2 flronger veins, which, converging towards each end, give the appearance of a narrow fpear-fhaped petal being laid upon it; finely toothed at the edge, by no means according with Linnaeus’s charadler of blofs. hairy;” tee/A ta- pering. St. — Allied to C7s(ytonia, totally dIftiniSl; from MrayantAcj trifoUata, not belonging even to the fame natural order. Wigg. — The ftrudlure of the blofs. as above defcribedj^„. induces me to ac- cede to the opinion of Tourn. Gmelin, ar^^i^^iggers. S r. Waldfchmidia nymphoides. Wiggers. but ' t gives us no generic charadler, and offers us no reafon for not having adopted Gmelin’s name of Limnanthemum. St. — Blojfoms yellow. Leauei fometimes fpotted. — Fringed Water Lily. Large ditches and flow ftreams. " P. June. July [Lady Clifford’s botanical garden at K. Wefton, near Briftol.J 7‘refoil MENYAN'T HES trifoUa'ta. Lea\’es growing by threes. — Curt. iv. 40. — FI. dan. 541. — Blackw. 474. — Ger. 1024. i and 2. — Dod. 580, repr. in Lob. obf. 496. 2, Ger. em. 1194, and cop. in Park. 1212, in fruit. — H. ox. xv. 2. row 2, ijl fgure on the left hand. Fruit-Jlalk (or v^thev Bunch) dppofite to the leaves, but below the fummer leaves. Flowers from the fame part of the fruit- ftalk as in AoKoma. Blofs. hairy; ftand diflindl, not lap- ping over each other. Linn,- Rofe-coloured without, white within. Curt. Marjh Trfoil. Water Trefoil. Marjh Cleaver. Ponds and pits, frequent. P. June. July. An infufion of the leaves is extremely bitter, and is prefcribed in Rheumatifms and Dropfies. A dram of them in powder purges and vomits. It is fometimes given to deftroy worms. In a fcar*- city of hops this plant is ufed in the North of Europe to bitter the ale : two ounces fupply the place of a pound of hops. Some people fmoke the dried leaves. The powdered roots are fome- times ufed in Lapland inftead of bread, but they are unpalatable; Some 207 lie people fay that fheep will eat it, and that it cures them of rot; but from the Upfal experiments it appears, that though atseat it. Sheep fomelimes will, and fomctimes will not. Cows, V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. I uri'es, and Swine refufe it. 216. HOTTO'NIA. Featherfoil. i-MPAL. Cup of I leaf, with 5 divifions. Segments flrap- fhaped; upright; open. ioss. I petal; falver-fhaped. as long as the'em- pal. Border with 5 clefts ; fiat. Segments oblong, egg-fhaped; notched at the end. CHIVES. ‘Threads awl-fhaped-; flaort ; upright; ftand- ing upon the tube, and oppofite to the fegments of the blofibnrt Tips oblong. toiNT. Seed-bud globular, tapering. Shaft thread-fhaped ; fhort. Summit globular. ,. Vess. Ca/j/a/e globular, tapering; 1 cell; ftanding upon the empalement. SEDs. Many, roundifh. Receptaele glohuTdr ; large. Ess. Ch^r. Blofs. falver-Jhaped. Chives fxed on tite tube fitke blojfom. Capfule 1 -celled. HOTTO'NIA paluf'tris. Fruit-fialks in whorls z&ater lonfifting of feveral fiowers. — Curt. i. 4. — FL dan. 487. — Matth. 1168. — Dod. 584. 2, repr. in Lob. ohj. 460. 2, Ger. em. 826. i , and cop. in Park. 1256. 4. — Ger. 678. I. — Dod. 584. 3, repr. in Ger. em. 826. 2. 0. — Gifek. 43. Foliage under water as in Myriophyllum. Spike of the flowers i-Ione rifing above. Linn. — Some flowers have 6 chives; and then fne cup and the bloflbm are divided into 6 fegments. With. — Leaves winged. Blojfoms white or tinged rvith pale purple. Water Violet. Water 1 arrow. Water Gillijlcwer. Ponds and ditches. [Several places near.Stratford, Eflex, Mr. ■’ones. — Ditches, SufF. frequent. Mr. Woodward. — In a pit the foot road from Wellington, in Shropfhire, to Leegomery. IWiTH. — Between Ormfleirk and Liverpool. St.] Cows eat it. Swine refufe it. P. July. Aug. 2. Sec Ger. cm. p. 826. n. 2, figures above marked 0. fmaller leaved 2o8 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 2ig. LYSIMA'CHIA. Loofeftrife. Empal. with 5 divifions; fharp; upright; perma- nent. Bloss. I petal; wheel-fliaped. 'fube none. Border with '^divifions; flat. oblong-egg- (ha ped. Chives. Threads 5 ; awl-fliaped. Tips tapering. Point. 5eed-^)zzd roundifh. thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit blunt. S.Vess. Caf/zz/e globular; i cell; 10 valves. Seeds. Several, angular. Receptacle very Izrge ; globu- lar; dotted. Ess. Char. Blofs. ivlieel-Jhaped. Capfule globular; Jharp- pointed; valves 10. * Friiit-Jlallis with fever al flowers. yelloxv LYSIMA'CHIA vulga'ris. Panicled. Bunches terminating. — Blackw. 278, hairs too Jlrong. — Cluf. ii. 50. 2, repr.in Dod. 84, ■ Ger. cm. 474. i , and cop. in Park. 544. i , and H. ox. v. 10. I4’^}1 — Mitth. 949- — FI. dan. 68g, foivers well done, biU habit bad. — Fuchf. 492, imitated by Trag. 183. — fJ.B. ii.903, is a Carda- ■ mine.) — Ger. em. 474. 2 , cop. in J. B. ii. 904. i , feems to be the ' fame plant. ' y Leaves often in threes and fours. Threads united at the bafe, un- I equal in height. Leers. — One of the chives fhorter. Blofs. and t/ireadi fprinkled with glands on fruit-ftalks. Scop. — Stem fcorcd, Avoolly. Leauei woolly underneath, flightly hairy above; thofe of the branches oppolite, nearly fitting, fpear-fhaped, waved at the edge. Flower-leaves hairy at the edge and on the outfide, edged and tipt with red. Empal. edged with red and fringed ; divifions fometimes 6. Blofs. yellow, the infide befet with fhining yellow globules; divifions fometImeB- 6. C/zwej unequal. Threadshrozd at the bafe and united fo as to form a cylinder inclofing the feed- bud. Tips red at the edges. Dujl yellow. With. Yellow Willowherb. Banks of rivers and fliai^v marflies. [By the fide of the Avon, at Perfhore. Mr. Ballard.] P.June. July. The leaves give a yellow dye to wool. — Cows and Goats eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. Q. Huds. Leaves as fhort again. Flowers not fo much fcattered. Ray. LYSI- f 2og V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. L Y S I M A'C H lA thyrfjlo'ra. Bunches lateral, oli tufted fruit-ftalks. — yi. dan. 517.— C/a.r. 53. i, repr. in Ger.em. 475. 3. — Baier. epijl. atp.^i and 162,/. i.' — C/u/. 53. 2, cop. P«r^. 544. 3, and J. B. ii. 904. 2. — Dod. 607. I. Lateral hunches in an upright plant is a peculiar circumftance. PlqA. divided almofi; to the bafe,- with very Ihort teeth interpofed; jegments marked at the end with tawny dots. Linn. — always limple. Weber. [Marfhes and banks of rivers, near King’.s. Langley, Hertford- . fliire. In a bog near Severus’s Hills, near York fir. D,r. White. — But the bog having been 'fince drained it is no longer to be found there, as theDodlor informs me. Dr. Smith.] — Anglefea. P. June. Goats eat it. Cows and Sheep are not fond of it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. ** Fmh-flalhs with only i fewer. L Y S I M A'C H I A nem'orum. Leaves egg-fhaped. Pimpernel ■ Flowers folitary. Stem trailing. — FI. dan. 174. — Cluf. ii. 182.. 2, repr. in Lob. obj. 248. 2, Ger. em. 618. 4; and cop. in Park. 558. 5, and H. ox. v. 26. row 2. i and 2. — Ger. 494.3. — fH. ox. v. 26. row 2. 5, isAnagall. arvenf. ) Piq/i. edge befet with very fhort glandular hairs. St. — Stem cp- ilindrical, Leaf -flalks ihort, flat. llraight when in-flowei', afterwards bowed down. Chives, fajt, zndrjuvmit yellow. Blofs. ^gments very flightly fcolloped'. Seeds kidney-fhaped. With. Yellow Pimpernell of the Woods. Moift lhady places. ’ P. May. June, L Y S I M A ' C H I A Nummula'rta. Leaves fomewhat eart-fhaped. Flowers Iblitary. Stem creeping. — Ludw. 148. — Curt, iii. 25. — FI. dan. 493. — Blackw. 542. — Wale. — Trag. 808 — Fuchf. 401 , cop. in J. B. iii. 371. i. — Ger. 505. 2. — Matth. 1013, cop. in Dod. Goo. 2, which repr. in Lob. obf. 251. I, Ger. em. 630. i, and cop. in Park. 555. i. — Park. 555. i.C6j — -H. ox. V. 26. row 1. 1, Nummularia. — Ger. go i. Pfo/i. edge fringed with glands. YAreaiiibefet with glands. S.' -'ejf. rarely comes to perfedlion, as often happens to thofe plants 'hich increafe much while in flower, either by their roots or alks. Curt. — To e.'tamine it at other feafons, to difeover whe- :her it may not produce fruit, as the violet does, without colour- led bloflbras. St. — Stem comprefled, with 4 membranaceous edges. Vol. I. P Leaves Moneyivort 2 10 common red PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. : Leaves fometiines curled at the edge, egg-fhaped, blunt. Blofs, and ihreadS'^overed with globular glands. Tips airovv-fhaped, ! With. Moneywort. Herb Tivopence. Moiil Meadows. P. June. The plant is a little acrid, and fomewhat allringent. Cows and Sheep eat it. Goats are not fond o£ it. Horfes re- • fufe it. ' i 220. ANAGAL'LIS. Pimpernel. Em PAL. Cm/) with 5 divifions ; fharp; permanent; Jeg- , ments keeled; ' Bhoss. 1 petal ; wheel-fliaped. none. Border with. ; 5 divifions ; fiat ; fegments roundifh egg-fhaped ; con- ne6led by the claws. ; Chives. Threads 5, upright, hairy towards the bottom; ‘ fhorter than the bloHbm. Tips fimple. ! Point. Seed-bud globuhr. thread-flraped ; a little inclining. Summit knobbed, | S. Vess. Cfl/j/wfe globular ; of i cell; cut round. I Seeds. Several; angular. Receptacle \ery hige ; globu- il lar. I Ess. Char. Blofs. vvheel-Jhaped. Capjule cut round. i ANAGAL'LIS arven'fis. Leaves undivided. Stem trailing. — ? filo/5. finely notched. Leers. Reich. | a. Blofibms red. Curt. I. I. — FI. dan. 88. — Trag. 388. — Blackw. 43. — Fuchf. 18, | cop. in J. B. iii. 3C9. 2. — Dod. 32. i, repr. vi Lob. obf. 247. ’ 2, Ger. em. 617. 1, and cop. in Park. 558. i. — Wale. — H. ox. ■ V. 26. row 2. 5. — Matth. 621, cop.inGer, 494. i. — (H. ox. ; ib. I and '2, is Lyfimachianemoruni.) J Blojfoms open, about 8 in the morning; but clofe in the after- ■ noon. Linn. Leai/M dotted underneath. Scop. St. Dots brown. Threads, hzirs]ointed. Curt. St. — ftanding with- J out the circle of the tips. Petab, notches tipped with glandular i hairs. Curt. — Blofs. fcarlet. It is remarkable with what a fparing hand nature has dealt out her richeft and moft glorious colour, for ’t except this, and the poppies, I do not recolleifl any indigenous plant of a fcarlet colour. Mr. Dickenson. — Stem 4-cornered. Lertvej fitting, oppofite; when magnified appear froUed over with veiy V. CHIVES, r. POINTAL. 2ii ^ery minute (hining glands. fridt-Jlalks from the bofom of the leaves; after flowering hanging down. Empal. fegments fpear- Ihaped, fkinny at the edges. Blofs. fcarlet. Threads united at ; the bafe, purpliflr, Ti/>5 yellow. S’Ao/l purplifh. Summit gretn- . ifh yellow. Capf. marked with 5 lines as if it would open into 5 valves, whereas it feparates horizontally into 2 parts. With. Male Pimpernel. — Corn fields and fandy places. A. May. — Aivg. Cows and Goats eat it. Sheep refufe it. Small birds are very ; fond of the feeds. 0. Leaves 4 at a joint, Blofs. red. Rare. Ray. four- leaved y. Blofs. white; purple in the centre. PotLicn, — In Cowley whlteflower^ci i Field. Ray. S. Bloffom blue. Ray.- With. blue flowered Blackw. 274. — FuchJ. 19, cop. inJi'B. ili. 369. i, — Cluj. II, 183. I, repr. in Dod. 32. 2, Lob. obj. 248. and Cer. em. 617. 2, — Matth. 622. Leaues mottled with dark purple underneath. With. Female Pimpernel. — Between Stockwell and Camberwell. Hudsj -^[Bredon Hill, in a corn field at the top of Overbury Wood, Worcefterlhlre. Nash.] ' 'ANAGAL'LIS tenel'la. Leaves egg-fhaped, rather bog : pointed. Stem creeping. — Curl, iil, 32. — H. ox. v. 26. rm i. 2.— Ger. em. 630; 3, cop. in Park. 554. 2. — J. B. iii. 371. 2. Fntit-ftalks longer than the leaves. Threads woolly.- Capf. ^cut ; round. Linn. Bbfs. pale red, with veins of a deeper colour. ' Threads white i very hairy'; hairs white, jointed. Curt. St. i Necklace-like; refembling thofe of Tradefcanda virginica. St. July ; 75. — Ste7?25reddifh, fending out roots at the joints. Empal. coloured. 1 Blofs. pale purple, each fegment marked rvith 7 deeper coloured ! lines. Tips yellow. Shaft upright, ftraight. Summit very fmall. With, Purple-flowered Moneywort. Wet heaths, meadows, and turfy bogs. — [In Suffolk,- frequent.^ Mr. WooDW. — ^Tittenfor Hills, and Cannock Heath, Staffordfhv St.] P. July. Aug. P a A26; AZAL'EA/ I PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 2 I 2 226. A Z A L'E A. Rofebay. ' Empal.. with 5 divifions ; fliarp; upright; fmall; coloured; permanent. ‘ Bloss. I ; 'bell-flaaped ; with 5 flaallow clefts. Seg- 0 ments with the edges bent inwards. • i Chives, ‘threads ^;- thread-fliaped ; growiilg on the re- : ceptacle; loofe. 7/^wfimple. Point. Seed-bud roundidi.' thread-fliaped ; as long r as the bloRbm ,* permanent. blunt. • S. Vess. Capfule roundifh ; with 5 cells and 5 valves. ' ^ Seeus. Many; roundifh. Ess. Char. Blofs. bell-Jhaped. Chives fixed to the rccepta- ]. cle. Capfule ^-celled. '■ trading AZAL'EA procum'bens. Branches fpreading wide, and ’j trailing. — Lbin. lupp. 6. 2. — Clnf. i. 75. 3, cop. in J. B. i. a 527, and im- | proved in Jonft. 116. 8. — FI. dan. g. — fPenn.^tour in Scotl. ii. j 5, 1 have not at hand.) Flowers brigh t red . L i g h x f . Highland mountains, on dry barren ground, near their fum- I mit. Firft difcovered in Great Britain by Mr. Lightfoot. [Ben Lomond near the top. Found there firft by the Rev. Mp Stuart, . j of Lufs. Dr. Smith.] 231. CONVOL' ExVi PAL. with 5 divifions ; approaching ; egg-fhaped; i blunt; frriall,* permanent.- . I Bloss. 1 petal; bell-fhaped; expanding; large; plaited; \ i?ort7(?r nightly marked with 5 or 10 notches. . | Chives. Threads y, awl-fliaped; half the length of the i bloffom. Tips egg-fliaped ; compreffed. S ' Point. Seed-bud roundifh. 5k/f thread-ihaped ; as long i as the chives. Summits 2 ; oblong, and fomewhat ; broad. . ; S. Vess. Cct/ifw/e ihclofed by the cup ; roundifli; with i, i 2, or 3 valves. _ ^ , Seed.s. 2 ; roundiHi, j Es.s-. Char. Blofs. bell-fhaped, plaited. Summits 2. Capf. 2-cel led, each cell 2-fee ded. 1 VULUS. Bindweed. ’ J Stem V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 21? * Stem twining. CONVOL'VULUS arven'ps. Leaves arrow-fhapecl, Jmall pointed on each fide. Fruit-dalks bearing generally i flower. Linn, — Flower-fcales awl-diaped, at a diftance from the flowers. Hall. St. . Qurt.W.io. — FI. dan. ^.^g. — Wale. — Fuebf. 258, cop. in J. B. ii. 157. — Trag. 806. — Ger. 712. 2. — ClnJ. ii, 50. i, repr. in Dod. 393^ Lob. obj. 340. 2, and Ger. em. 861. 2, and cop. in Park. 171. 2, and H. ox. i. 3, g.—Matth. loii, as^ evident from its empal. and habit, though the lobes of the leaves rcjemble thofe of C. fepium. reddifh white; ftriped, or purple Corn fields, and road fides. P. June. July. Cows, Horfes, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Swine refufe it. The bloiroms give a deep yellow or orange tindlure to water, which is heightened by alum and alkalies. B. auriculatus. Juss. St. — Leaves llrap-arrow-fhaped, fmaller. eared Flowers fmaller. Ray. St. Pluk. 24. 3. Leaf Bindweed. — Between Harlefton and Everfden, Cambridfh. Ray. ’ , 7. Blofs. very fmall, divided almoft to the bafe. , fmallflowered Near Maidftone. Ray, CONVOL'VULUS fe'pium . Leaves arrow-fhaped*, great the pofterior angles lopped. Fruit-ftalk 4-corner^d, bear- ing i flower. Linn. — Flower-fcales heart -fhaped. Hall. — Clofe to the flower. St. Curt, i, 6. — FI. dan.^^S. — Sheldr. 56. — Blaclrw.^S. — Dod. 392, ' repr. in Lob. obf. 340, i, Ger. em. 861. i, and cop. in park. 163. 3, and H. ox. i. 3. 6. — Ger. 712. i. — Fuchf. 720, cop. in J. B. ii. 154. — Trag. 805. — Blair. 4. 3. — Swert. ii. 14. 8. — (Matth. 1212, is fome other fpecies.J Edges of the feaves brown, Blojfoms white. Linn. — Floral-leaves 2; clofe to the cup. Moift hedges. P. July. Aug. The infpifTated juice of the plant, in dofes of 20 and 30 grains, is a powerful draftic purge. Scarnmony is the infpifTated juice of a fpccics of Convolvulus fo much refembling this, that they are with difficulty diftinguifhed. Can it then be worth while to im- port Scarnmony from Aleppo at a confiderable annual expcnce, when a medicine with the very fame properties grows fpontaneouf- ly in many of our hedges? But though an acrid purgative to the P 3 human « PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. • 'i human race, it is eaten by Hogs in large quantities without any ; detriment, x ; Sheep, Goats, and Horfes eat it. Cows refufe it. ' . . \ ^ Stem not twining. CONVOL'VULUS SoJdanel'la. Leaves kidney- fhaped. Fruit-ftalks witli i flower. — . Mattk. 469. — Dod. 395, repr. in Lob. obj. 329. 2, Ger. em. 838. I, and cop. in Park. 168. 2. 6, and H. ox. i. 3. 2. — Ger. 690. Root, on being broken, pours out a whitifh water, bitter, fait, and unpleafant to the tafte. Park. — Stems, in open ground fhort, and lying flat, taking a femi-circular diredlion; but among bufhes i grows to fome length unbranched, bearing no flowers. Leaves ■, fometimes heart-fliaped. Leqf-Jlalks long. Mr. Wood w. — Flower- I Jca/e5 at the bafe of the flower, incloling the empalement; 2 op- pofite, heart-oblong, nicked at the end juft longer than the em- pal. £mpa/. rather of 5 leaves; ieaues oblong, the innermoft in- volving the fruit, and each fucceflively wrapping round thofe ber neath if. Sr. — Blojfoms red. ■ ; Scnttilh Scurvy Grafs. Sea Colexcort. Sea fhore. [Norfolk coaft, frequent. Mr. Woodward.] P. July, Half an ounce of the juice, or a dram of thh powder, is an acrid purge. The leaves applied externally are faid to diminifti dropfi- cal fwellings of the feet. The different fpecies furnifti nourifh- • ment to the Sphinx convolvuli and Phalcena Elpeiior. v ] 233. POLEMO'NIUM, Jacobsladder. ' } Empal. Cap beneath ; of I glafs-fhaped leaf ; permanent f ' fharp ; with 5 fhallow clefts. Bloss. 1 petal ; wheel-lhaped. Tate fhorter than the cup, ] do fed by 5 valves, placed at the top of it. Border with 5 diviflons ,- lai'ge ; flat. Segments roundifh ; blunt. Chives. ’Threads thread-fhaped ; inclining; fliorter than the hlolfom ; [landing upon the valves of the tube. T/pr roundifh ; fixed to the thread fideways. . , PoiNi'. egg-fhaped, fharp. 5/ai/t thread-fhaped ; as long as the blofs. Summit with 3 clefts, rolled back. S.Vess. Cap] ule covered, egg-fhaped, but with 3 angles ; 3 cells and 3 valves. Seeps, Several; irregular; rather pointed, EsSf 2'5 V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. Ess. Char. Blofs. xvith 5 divifions, clofed at the bottom xmth valves xvhich bear the chives. Summit cloven into 3. Capfule ^-celled ; fuperior. I P O L E M O'N I U M coeru'leum. Leaves winged. Flowers upright. Empal. longer than the tube of the blolTom. — Tount. 61. r, parts of fru^f. — FI. dan. 255. — Dod. 352. i, repr, in Lob. oi/. 412. i, Ger. em. 1076. 5, and cop. in Park. 123. 12, andj. B. lii. 212. 2. — Ger. gi8, 5. — Swert. ii. 28. 3. Little leaves egg-fpear-fhaped ; 1 1 pair or more on each leaf. Blofs. blue. — Greek Valerian. Ladder to Heaven. ■ [Malham Cove, Yorkfh. Ray. Mr. Wood. — And at the Lover’s Leap, Buxton. Mr. Wood. — NearBakewell.Mr. Whately.] P. June. Its beauty has obtained it a place in our gardens. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Horfes are not fond of it. . 0. Blofs. white. FI. juec. Sx. — I have feen feveral Hems, which, on examination, appeared to rife from one and the fame root, fome of which bore blue, and others white bloflbms. Linn. — ‘ ‘ I have a fort of it whofe blofs. is all white, which came upp of the feede of the blew one.” M. S. note in a copy of Ger. em. in an old hand. About Malham Cove. Ray. 234. CAMPAN'ULA. Bellflower. Empal. with 5 divifions ; (harp; not quite- upright ; fuperior. Bloss. I petal; bell-fhaped ; with 5 clefts, clofe at the bafe; fhrivelling. Segments broad; fharp; open. Honey-cup in the bottom of the blolfom, compofed of 5 (harp valves ; approaching and covering the re- ceptacle. ' Chives, ‘threads^; hair-like; veryfhort; growing up- on the ends of the honey-cup valves. Tips comprefled ; longer than the threads. Point. beneath ; angular. thread-fhaped ; longer than the chives. Summit thick ; oblong ; with 3 divifions which are rolled backwards. S. Vess. Capfule TOundi{h ; angular; of 3 or 5 cells, and letting out the feed at as many lateral holes. Seeds. Numerous; fmall. Receptacle columnar, fixed to (the capfule?) P 4 Ess, common white 2i6 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. j Ess. Char. Dlojs. bell-Jhaped, dofed at the hafe by valves | xohich fupport. the chives. Summit cloven into Capjnle } beneath, opening by lateral orifices. j Obs. The figure of the S. vefiT. is different In different fpecies. | * Leaves rather Jmooth and narroio. I round-leaved C AM-V K'H'X] hA. rotundiJo'Ua. Root-leaves kidney- fliaped; ftem-leaves ftrap-fhaped. Linn. — Root -leaves fome- times heart, and Jlem-leaves fometimes Jpear-Jhaped. Sr. ; Curl. iv. 38. — FI. dan. 855, erraneoujly named C. Rapunc. nhich ! fee; the heart-Jhaped root-leaves having, been probably overlooked, agreeably to what Mr. Cnrtis remarks, that when growing among herbage they are feldom objerved, unlejs particularly fought for. — I Walc.-^Chif. ii. tjSy repr. in Dod. 167, Lob. obf. ij8. i, Ger. | em. 452. 3; and cop. in Park. 6^1. ii, and H. ox. v. 2. 17, and J. B. ii. 810. i, — ib. 796. — Ger. 367. 3. Leaves fometimes very entire; the lower ftem-leaves fometimes fparingly ferrated. St. — round, fmooth.. Leauej fometimes thread-fhaped. Empal. figments coniiderably expanded when out of bloffom. Honey-cup, valves fringed, white. Capf. with 3 cells. Blofs. blue, or:purple; fometimes white. With. Heaths and barren paftures-. P. Aug. — Ocl. The juice of the petals ftains blue, but ivith the addition of alum, green. A green pigment is obtained from them. ■ Cows, Horfes, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Swine refufe it. Linn. ■ — A horfe refufed it. St. . . leffer B- minor. Stem-leaves broader, ferrated. Hall. | 0- B. pr. cop. in J. B.ii. 810. 1, and H. ox. v. 2. 16. — | Barr. ^5^. — fScheuch. it. vl. f. i^, has very entire kaves. C. 1 minor, alp. rotundiorib. imis fol. R. fyn. 277.) | Mountains. Snowdon. Rickmanfworth, Hertfordfhire, and 5 Croydon, Surry. Ray. y. Stem-leaves more numerous than thpfe of a. Linn. j FI. dan. 198, root-leaves heart-fhaped , veiy entire. Stem-leaves i fpear^Jhaped ; one flower on each flem. C. unifiora. Huns. ed. i. ' Higliefl mountains of Wales and Weftmoreland. Hu DS.-^Hill j of Moncrief, near Perth. Lightf. — [Skiddaw. Mr. Woonw.] , > J^dd CAMPAN'ULA pat'ida. leaves quite ftraight. Root-leaves fpear-oval. Panicle open. — Pill.- 58. 68. — FI. dan. 373, Jiowers the befi. Empal. with adinall livid tooth on each fide, at the bafe of the fegments. Linn.: — —Empal. leaves a, wl-fhaped. Pollich. Mr, « WooDWARO. — Half as long as the bloflbnt, — Blofs. purplifh blue. | St, C 217 V. CHIVES, L pointal; DT. — angular, corners hairy; Jlem-leaves bluntly and nightly gnotchcd. Mcench. Mr. Hollefear. St. — Hairs of the ftera ijointing downwards. St. — Stem containing a milky juice, with 5 iporners and 5 Hat (ides; the corners and fometimesthe iides rough with fliort hairs. Leaves fpear-Oiaped, fomewhat toothed, and iTometimes finely ferrated. Empal. Jegnienls towards the bafe ferrated with minuteteeth, but not Ijvid; coniiderably expanding when out of bloffoiTi. Blofs. more of a reddifti purple than in C. rotmdij'olia ; Segments turned back, and each marked with 3 lines. Honey-cup uvhite, fringed. Capfule ^-celled. With. Woods, hedges, corn fields, and road fides. [Buddon Wood, mear Loughborough; between Lichfield and Meriden; and about iWorcefter. Huds. Nash. St. — And Malvern. Nash. — Near the Bath, at Lichfield; and on the road to Golefliill. Mr. Wood- TWARD.] B.July. Aug. CAMPAN'ULA Rapim'cuhis. hezveswd.ved. Root- Ramp'ion Heaves fpear-oval. Panicle compaft. — Dod. 165. I, repr. in Lob. obj^ 178. 3, Ger. em. 453, and cop. in Park. 648. i, and H. o.x. v. 2. 13. — Fuchf. 214, cop. in J. B. ii. 795. — Ger. 369. 2. — Trag. 727. — fCol.phytob. 22, cop. in H. ox. V. 2. 13, is a different plant. — FI. dan. 855, is C. ro- tundifolia. Flowers pendant. Stem fmootk. Root fibrous.) 5/m angular, rough. Leavex fpear-fhaped. Bznzcft terminating. KrancAei refembling it, but fhorter and upright. Fruit-Jlalks gencrzlly growing by threes, the middle one the longeft.* Linn. — Flowers •upright. Dodon. St. — i?oo/ white, like that of NayCw. Hall. Bt. — About 3 inches long. Stem upright. Branches alternate. Leaves obfcurely notched. Flowering-branches fub-dividing at the bafe. Empal. fegments awl-fhaped, with a fmall tooth on each fide of bhe bafe. Pollich. St. — 5/m not rough. Whole ^lan/ full of a cmilky juice. Empal. fegments briftle-fhaped. Blofs. each fegment marked with 3 lines. Honey-cup frlhged. With. St. — T^oo/fpin- Cdle-fhaped, fometimes branching. — Stem hairy towards the bafe, iimooth above. LeOTei towarcfs the bafe of the ftem hairy above or on both fides, blunt; the upper fmooth and becoming gradually cmore pointed; /ec/A of the notches glandular, whitifh, not pro- jjeifting beyond the edge of the lezf. -r-Flowermg-branches dividing into 3; the middlemojl in the upper part of the panicle fupporting i iflower, in the lower part becoming a leffer panicle; the lateral ones ^ wery Ihort, each luppoiting 1 flovver, which bloffoms after that of she middle branch, and has at its bafe the rudiment of 2 other filowers. tlower-leaves, one at the bafe of each fruit-ftalk, awl- Ifliaped. Empal. fegments twice as long as the feed-bud. Blofs. blu- ulh purple, fometimes wliitilh pale purple. St. Ditch 2i8 pentandria monogynia. Ditch banks, fallow fields. Near Croydon. Huns. St. — And Elher, in Surry. Huns. — [Old Buckenham Caftle, Norfolk. Mr. PiTCHFORD. — About Hindlip and Env-ille, Worcefterfh. St.] B. Aug. The roots are eaten raw in fallads, or boiled like afparagus. In gardens they are blanched. ** Leaves rough, and rather broad. broad-leaved CAMPAN'ULA latifo'lia. Leaves egg-fpear-fhaped. Stem undivided, cylindrical. Flowers folitary, on fruit- ftalks. Fruit nodding. Linn. — Empal. and ftem fmooth. Floi&ers fometimes 2 on a fruit-Jlalk. Hall. Mr. Woodw. FI. dan. 85, too Jlowers and leaf good. — Cluf. ii. 172. i, .repr. in Ger. em. 448. 3, and cop. in Park. 643. i , and ill cop. in H. ox. V. 3. 27. Leaves fpear-cgg-fhaped, ferratcd. Flowers from the bofom of the upper leaves. Empal. fmooth. Linn. — Fruit-ftalks with 2 awl- fhaped leafrfcales about the middle. Mr. Hollefear. St. nearly fitting, rough with hair, irregularly ferrated. Fruil- Jlalks upright while in blofibm, but afterwards bowed downwards. Empal. fegments a little ferrated. Blofs. oblong-egg-fhaped, with jangles; clefts flrallow, purple." Honey-cup fiefhy, purplilh, woolly. Slmmit woolly, twice as long as the chives. Bbjs. blue, and fometimes pale red. With. Giant Throatwcrt. Thickets and hedggs. [In the mountainous parts of the Nor- thern counties, frequent. Ray. Mr. Woodw.] P. July. Aug. The beauty of its flowers Jrequently procures it a place in our gardens. The whole plant abounds with a milky liquor, Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. nettle-leaved CAMPAN'ULA Fr ache' Hum. Stem angular. Leaves on leaf-ftalks. Cups fringed. Fruit-ftalks cloven into 3. Linn. — Stem hairy. Hall. Mr. Woodw. — Fruit- Jlalks fometimes with only i flower. Willich. obf. § 84. Mr. Woodward. St. — Empalement fometimes free from hairs, except i or 2 fmall ones at the points. St. Cluf.ii. 170.2, repr.in Dod. 164. i, Loh. obf. 176. 2,- Ger^ ^ em. 448. n. i. — Ger. 364. i.—Fuchf. 432, cop. in Trag. 927. and J. B. ii. 805. 2. — H. ox. v. 3. 28. — Swert. ii. 16. 4. 5. — f Garid. ig, and Park. par. 3.55. 2, ill done if the plant.J Leaves egg-flraped, fomewhat heart-fhaped, toothed. Fruit-ftalks •with 3 flowers. Blofs. fometimes doubled and tripled. Linn. — < Stem, corners membranaceous. Upper-leaves Siting. Empal. nearly upright. V. CHIVES, I. pointal; ipright. Blofs. hairy within : when double the chives and honey- up are wanting. hairy. With. — Blofs. blue; fometimes jale red. — Great Throatwort, or Canterbury Bells. Woods and hedges. P. July. Aug. The whole plant contains a dirty yellow juice. Cows eat it. Horfes and Goats refufe it. jg. Blofs. white. Ray. Linn. 219 white C AM P AN'U LA Stem angular, undi- clujlercd kided. Flowers fitting. Head terminating. — Herm.far. 235. — 'thal. 8. 2, cop. in Barr. 523. 3. — J. B. ii. 801. 2, cop. in H. ox. V. 4. 40. — ChJ. ii. 171. i,repr. in Dod. 164.2, Lob. ohf. 176.3, Ger. em. 449. 4, and cop. in Park. 644, fg. and H. ox. ib. 43. — fj. B. ib. 1 , cop. in H. ox. lb. 39, feems a different plant. J Leaves egg-ohlong, bluntifh, fitting. three, in the bo^ ‘tfom of the leaves. Linn. — Stem roughifh, fimplc. Hall. St. — But fometimes branched. HALL.Mr. Woodward. — Covered >nvith fhort hairs. Root-leaves egg-fpear-fliaped, covered with fhort fliairs; on long leaf-ftalks. Lmpah the fame. Pollich. St. ■Leavw fometimes heart-fpear-fhaped, and rather acutely pointed, Blofs. hairy. Mr. Woodward. St. — Lower-leaves on leaf-ftalks, ifl/q/j. blue, reddifh, or white. With. Little Throatwort, or Canterbtiry Bells, Mountainous and chalky paftures. — [Near Pontefradl. Mr. T, IF. Hill. — Chalk Hills, in Norfolk. Mr. Woodw.; and Surry; sand between Grantham and Wilham Common. St.] P. July. *** Capfules covered by the rejkSled fegments of the cup. CAMPAN'ULA ky'brida. Stem quite flraight, corn |.;fomewhat branched at the bafe. Leaves oblong, fcolloped. 'Cups incorporated, and longer than the bloflom. Capf. mrilm-fhaped. Linn.— Empalement, fegments oval-fpear- ihaped, St. Ger. em. 439. 2, cop. in Park. 1331. 2, and H. ox. v. 2. 22. Differs from C- Jpeculum, which I regard as its mother; as fol- llows : Stem branched only at the bafe, and fcarcely branched at *a 11 above. C’ap5 fitting, 3 or 4 together. Blofs. often lurking in Ithe rudiment of a flower, and not expanding. But notwithftand- iing there is fcarcely a doubt but it originated from the C.fpeculum, Linn. — £mpd. /egmenfi broader than in C.fpeculum. Willich. I106/. 5 87. — Thofc of the C. fpeculum awl-fhaped, tapering to a fine point, narrower. St. — Permanent, crowning the ripe capfule. ^Mr, Woodward. — Blofs. purple; deeply divided. ^ . Leffer 220 ivy-leaved round-headed PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. * I Lejfer Venus Lookmg Glafs. Codded Corn Violet. ! Chalky corn fields. [Bury and elfewhere in Suffolk, in chalky | cornfields. Mr. Woodward.] A. June. July. | CAM P AN 'U LA hedera'cea. Leaves heart-fliaped, | with 5 lobes, on leaf-flalks, fmooth. Stem limber. — - J. B. ii. 797. — H. ox. V. 2. 18. — PluL 23. I. — Pet. Caz. 51. 2. ; — [FI. dan. ^^0, bad; leaves not lobed, butferrated, and deeply ' ner’jed. Mr. Woodward. With, and St.] Blofs. blue. Is not this plant derived from the feed-bud of one i of the Campanulas fertilized by the duft of the Veronica hedenejolia? * Linn. — Loayer-/eaue5 heart or kidney-Oraped, nearly entire. Mr. ; W ooDWARD. — Stems thread-fhaped, trailing, matted together, fl covering fpots of a fooit diameter. Mr. Watt. — Threads longer iJ than the tips. With. Moift fliady places. [About fprings and rivulets in Cornwall, very frequent. Mr. Watt. Woods in Oxfordfhire. Mr. 3 N EWBERRv.] P. May. — Aug. ] Phalcena exfoleta feeds upon the different fpecies. 236. PHYTEU'MA. Rampion. \ witli 5 divifions ; fliarp ; not quite E.mpal. Cup I leaf; upright ; fuperior. Bloss. I petal; ftarry; expanding; with 5 divifions; ^ fegments iixap)-{h'dped ; lharp; bent back. Chives. 'Threads {) ; fliorter than the blofs. Tips ohloug. Point. .Seed-fed beneath. .Sfe/jl thread-fhaped ; as long as the bloffom ; bent back. Summit with 3 divifions ; oblong ; rolled back. S. Vess. Capfule roundiOi ; 3-celled. ■Seeds. Several; fmall ; roundifli. Ess. Char. Blofs. \vheel-Jhaped, divided into ; fegments jlrap-Jhaped. Summit cloven into 2 or 3. Capfule of 2 or 3 celts ; beneath . PHYTEU'MA orbkula'ris. Head roundifh. Leaves ferrated. Root-leaves heart-fhaped. Linn. — Spike fome- times oblong. fluDs. Jacq. aujlr. v. 437. — Barr. 525. — Riv. mon. 109. i, lower part of the fern wanting. — H. ox. v. 5. 47. — Ger. em. 455. 5. — (J- ■Zf. ii. 810. I, is Campamda rotundifoUa, Bloffom's purple; or bluifh. ' ■ Chalky V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. Chalky paftures. jcatheriicad. Downs of Suflex and Hampfhire. Near ■p. July. Aug. 0 238. S'AM'OLUS. . Brookweed. (Hill.) • iMPAL. with 5 divifions ; fuperior; blunt at the bafe ; permanent ; fegments upright. |Bloss. 1 ; falver-lhaped. open ; very fliort ,* as long as the cup. ' Border flat ; witli 5 blunt divi- flons. Valves very fliort ; approaching ; fixed to the bottom of the clefts in the border. Ihi VES. ’threads 5 , fliort ; i between each fegment of the bloflbm. tips approaching ; covered. poiNT. Beneath. thread-fliaped ; as long as the chives. Summit knobbed. Id. Vess. Capfule egg-fhaped ; of i cell, and 5 valves ; opening half way down ; bound round by the cup. ISeeds. Many; egg-fhaped; fimll. Receptaclt’ large ; glo- bular. Ess. Char. Blofs. falver-Jhaped. Chives defended by the fcales of the blojfom. Capfide of icell; beneath, t S A M O ' L U S Valeran'di.— FI. dan. ig8, — Curt. iv. 45. — Lob. ohf. 249. i, repr. in Ger. em. 620. 3, and cop. inPark. 1237. 5, J. B. iii. 792. i, and H. ox. iii. 24. 26, voilh the feed vejfe^l of Veronica. — ib. 28. Leaves oblong-egg-fhaped; very entire. Blojfonis white. Round-leaved Water Pimpemell. Marfhes and moift meadows. [In the large ditches leading from Poplar to the Ifle of Dogs, oppofite to Greenwich. Mr. Jones. — Side of the brook running from the brine pit on Defford Dommon, Worcefterfh. Meflrs. Ballard and Hollefear. — iLord Shelburne’s Park, near Caine, Wiltfh. St.1 P. June; Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Horfes refufe it. An inhabitant of every quarter of the globe. Curt. 250. LONICE'RA. I 221 Pimpernel 222 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAw 2^0^ LONICE'RA. Hoiieyfuckle. Empal. Cw/) fuperior ; vpith 5 divifions ; fmall. Bloss. j petal; tubular, ‘tube oblong; bulging. Bordef with 5 divifions. Segments rolled backwards ; i feg- ment more deeply feparated than the others. Chives, ‘threads ^ awl-lhaped; nearly as long as the blolTom. tips oblong. Point. Seed-bud henediih, roundifh. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the bloffom. Summit a blunt knob. S. Vess. Deny with 2 cells, and crowned with the cup at the top. Seeds. Roundifh ; compreffed. Ess. Char. Blofs. i petal, irregular. Berry beneath, ^mlk feveral feeds, and 2! eells. Woodbind LONICE'RA Feriely'menum. Heads egg-fhaped, tiled, terminating. All the leaves diftin6l. — ^ Curt. I. I. — Riv. 122. — Blachw. 25, — FuchJ. 646, cop. in trag. 822, andJ.B. ii. 104. i. — Ger. 743. 1. — Dod. 41 1. i, repr. in Lob. obj. 358. r, Ger. em. 8gi. i, and cop. in Park^ 1460. i. Blofs. the lower fegment divided twice as deep as the reft. Stem and leaves fmooth. LiNn. Stem I'cored. Leaves fpear-egg- fiiaped, fmooth, fitting, oppofite. Headswith from 5 to go flowers,- or more. Blofs. tube fomewhat crooked, diftended on the under fide towards the top, befetontheoutfi.de with fine fhort hairs, crowned with globular glands ; the lower part is a receptacle for boney. Tips yellow. Suinmit greenifh. Blofs. red on the outfide ; yellowifh within. Berries rei. With. Common Honey fucUe. Woodbine. / Hedges. S. May. — July. The beauty and fragrance of its flowers renders it a pleafing ornament to our gardens, hedges, and harbours. Cows, Goats, and Sheep cat It. Horfes refufe it. Sphinx Ligujlri, and tipuliformis ; and Phalma dydadyla, and hexada6iyla feed upon it.’-* oak-leaved Leaves indented. [In Sir J. Woodhoufe’s Woods, Norf.- Mr. Woodward.] •* » * Lonicera Xylojleum is faid by Wallis, p. 149, to grow under the Roman’ Wall, on the weft fide of' Shewing Sheels, in Northumberland. 262. VERBAS'CUMv V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 262. V E R B A S'C U M. Mullein. ' Em PAL. Cup of I leaf, with 5 divifions ; fmall; perma-' nent ; j\^ents vipright ; (harp. 8)loss. 1 petal; wheel-lhaped. ‘Cube cylindrickl; very fhort. with 5 divifions, expanding ; fegments egg-fhaped, blunt. Chives. I’hrcads awl-fhaped; declining; fhorterthan thebloffom. Tz/ir roundifh ; compreffed; upright. Point. BeezZ-fczzd roundifh. 5/ia/t thread-fhaped ; inclin- ine ; as long as the chives. Summit rather thick and blunt. 5. Vess. Capfule roundifli, with 2 cells, opening at the top. jRccepfac/e the fhape of half an egg ; fixed to the partition. Seeds. Numerous; angular. Ess. Char. Blojs. zvheel-Jhaped, fomezvhat unequal. Capfule I cell, 2 valves. Obs. In mofl; of the fpecies the. CAiues are inclining, unequal* and the bottom of the Threads cloathed tvith foft, coloured hairs. V E R B A S ' C U M ‘fliap'fus. Leaves running down the ftem, downy on both fides. Stem undivided. — Blacku'. 502. — FL dan. 631. — Blackw. 3. — fCer. 629. i and 2. — Mallh. cop. in Dod. 143, repr.in Lob.obf. ^0^. i,and Ger. em. 773. 1 , which again cop. in Park. 60. i , H. ox. v. g. row I. I, and Pet. 62. i. Spikes' nodding, the drawings made from faded fpecimens, as when growing they are always upright.)^ (FuchJ. 848, cop. in Trag. and J.B. iii. 871. i, is the plant of C. B. rf erred by Linn, to the phlomoides. — Ludxv. 124, has blojfoms wider than the Jpikes ; probably V. ThapJ. bicolle, Murr. pr. 47.?; The whole plant woolly; in dry lituations very talf. Spike club- like. Linn. — Threads, 2 fmooth, the reft woolly. J. Bauh. St. — Spikes fometimes branched, (as in the fig. of Ger. St.) — Leaves : fcolloped, notches concealed by the down. Flower-leaves fpear- I fhaped. Blofs. 2 upper fegments fhortefl:, the lovvermoft longcft. Threads, 3 uppermoft with a whitifh beard; 2 lowermoft bare. I Hall. St. — Threads, the two lowermoft longer than the other 3. Leers. St..: — Flouiers fitting. Mcench. St. — Leaves, upper ones taper-pointed. /'/ote/er-/raue5 fmooth within, awl-pointed, 5 in each fet of flowers; the lovvermoft the largeft, as long as the ; flower; 2 pairs above, of which the lowermoft the fmalleft. Flowers 4 in 224 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. j 4 in a fet, with a minute rudiment of others at the bafe* of each •, fiower-leaf; the lowermojl between the lowermoft pair of bower- , leaves, which bloffoms the fecond; the lateral ones at the bafe of i each of the upper flower-leaves; and the uppermoft above them, 1 which blofToms firft. Blofs. bright yellow, from lo lines to i inch ■! 2 lines in diameter. Threads, the 2 lowermojl vvith a few hairs from j about the middle. Tipi bright orange. Capfule egg-^\'l^ped, blunt. > Doivn thread-fhaped, rvith feveral fets of lateral fimple-pointed ; branches, and terminated by a fet expanding ftarwife. St. — Ver- i bajcimi Thapjus. Pollich. — Seems a variety with larger bloffoms. ] “ F/orc/eri fomewhat more than il inch in diameter,” accords with thofeof Ludw. 124. See alfo Willkh in Reich. Jyll. p. gi. Sr. ' — Leaves egg-fpear-fhaped. Shaft tvoolly towards the bafe. Blofs. in a long terminating fpike, yellow. With. Great White Mullein. High Taper. Cows Lungivort. Ladies Foxglove. Dry ditch banks, in chalky and gravelly foil. B. July. Externally ufed it is emollient. Dr. Home advifes a decoFtion of it, 2 ounces to a quart, in diarrhoeas of an old banding: he gave a quart every day. Clin. Exp. p. 439. it eafes the pains of the J the intellines; is ufed as an injection in tenefmus with advantage; 4 and is often applied externally to the piles, ib. — It Is faid to intox- 1 icate fifh fo that they may be taken with the hand. — In Norway they -3 give it to cows that are confumptive.— The down ferves for tinder, j , Neither Cows, Goats, Sheep, Horfes, or Swine will eat It. — ■ The Fhalaena Verbafei, and the Curculio Scrophularia, live upon it. whiteflower’d 2. Blofs. white. Mr. Stone. ^ .i bajlard VERBAS'CUM T'liapfoVdes. Leaves running down ' the dem. Stem branched. — Ftichf. 846, cop. by Dod. 143. 2, Ger. em. 773. 2, andj. B. iii. ' 872. 4. A hybrid plant, produced In the gardens of Upfal, in the year 1761, from the feeds of the V. Lychnitis, impregnated by the dult • of the V. 7hapJ. both which grew in the fame bed. Seen long ago / by Agerlus, who fent it to J. Bauh. from whom fucceeding au- ; thors have copied it. Agrees with F. Lychn. in its branching yiem; , its flowers, and alfo tho’ lefs fo in the purple hairs of the threads; . \ &, with the V. Thapf. in fize, in its leaves, which run down the ftera, ; though not all the way, and which are not fo w^hite; in its empal. : which, however, have longer fniit-flalks, tho’ not fo long as thofe < of the V. Lychn. In a word, it is not a diftindl fpecies, but rather a variety of V. Lyclmites. Linn. ] Chalky and fandy meadows and paftures, in Kent. Huds. B.July. Aug. , VERBAS'CUM ' V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL; 225 V £ R B AS 'C U M Lychm'tis. Leaves wedge^ohlong. hoary Linn. — Root-leaves fcnietimes ivedgc-oblong, but mojl commonly oblong-Jpcar-Jhapcd . Sx. Am panicled. Leaves fpear^fhappd, the lower ones tapering . down into leaf-ftalks. Fniit-Jialks crowded, undivided. Linn.-^ '■Stem branching. Leaves on fhort leaf-ftalks; the upper iitting. ‘Hall. Mr. Woodward. B. July. *. pulverukntum. Mr. Woodward. St. — Whole plant covered dufty with a mealy down. Scop. Mr. Woodward. St. — Lower-leaves imperfedfcly notched; the upper egg-fpear or egg-fhaped. Mr. W. St. — Down eafily rubbing off. Ray. St.— *-Bloffoms fprinkled with glandular globules. St. J. B. iii. 873. I. When a part of the doivn falls off, what remains gives the plant t the appearance of having been fprinkled over with powder. Stem :.4 to 5 feet high. Leaves, the upper fometimes embracing the ftem ; more and more pointed, and at length taper-pointed. I Bhfs. yellow. Mr. Wood ward. St. — Leaves, the egg-fhaped, or oblong, errtiing fuddenly in a finely tapering point. Doxm of a clear white, flock-like, equally thick on each . fide of the leaf, ' readily coming off on pafling the leaf or ftem between the finger sand thumb; viewed in the microfeope appears to be compofed of >diftin(ft hairs beautifully branched. Blajs. to 7^ lines in diameter, with little or no down upon.it. .St, About Norwich. Ray [and Mr. Pitchford. — Very common nn Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.]— Bury, and Wollerton, Nor- rthamptonfhire. Ray. Neither Cows, Goats, Sheep, Horfes, or Swine will touch it. B. album. St. Lower-leaves nearly fmooth above, downy un- whiteflovver’d jdemeath, deeply notched; the upper fpear-fhaped ; the uppermoft iftrap-fpear-fhaped. Mr. Woodw. St. — Down adhering firmly tto the leaf; fometimes rather woolly than downy underneath. St, Ger. 631. I, cop. in Pet. 62. 4. — Fuchf. 847, cop.inJ.B. iii. 873. 2. — Matth. 1147, cop. in Lob. obf. 303. 2, repr. in Ger. em, 775* 3> andcop. againin Ger. 632. 3. — FI. dan. 586. — A branchy fife. FI. dan. 586. ’Threads equal, woolly. Leers. — Lower-leaves of a darkifh green. U. Bauh. St. — Bbfs. fmall, white. J. Bauh. Mr. Woodw. St, — Stem feldom more than 3 feet high. Fruit’-Jlalks longer than in a. tMr. Woodw. St. — Lower-leaves of a pleafant 'green, their upper ilurface fhining. Mr. Woodward. — The differences noted above were the refult of a comparifon of « growing wild, with 0 culti- wated, though, I very much doubt, whether they can be thought .'fufficient to eftablifh a fpecific difference between them, Mr, W. Vol. L Q — Stem, 26 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, — Stem, branches, jruit-Jlalks, znd empalement covered with a clofe fhort down. Leaves (lightly downy, and often fmooth. Po lli ch. St. — Leaves thicker than thofe ol *; the loner betwixt toothed and notched; the upper with a degree of downinefs on the upper fur- face; in all the native fpecimens covered underneath with a clofe compaA down, which renders them opaque; in the cultivated fpecimens rather woolly fvillofaj and readily admitting the light through them. Dojem of a dirty white, clpfe, fhort, may beferaped off by the nail; but not by paffing it between the finger and thumb. Floivering-branehes numerous, fcattered, open, fhorter than the ftem. Flowers thick fet, on fruit-ftalks, bundled, Blojs. dirty white, and on drying changes to a reddifh white; 5I lines in dia- , meter; fegments ohlong, inverfely egg-ftiaped; the lower gradually fmaller, fprinkled above, and efpecially underneath, with a down, but no glandular globules. yellowifh white; all bearded , with long hairs; club-fhaped at the end. Tips ^nd dujl iaffron-co- 1 lour. Shi^t broken back at a very obtufe angle, befet with down at ^ the bafe. I believe them to be diftindl fpecies, but, I muft at the | fame time own, that of dxc pulveridentum, I have feen only dried J fpecimens. In Lord Stamford’s pleafure ground, at Enviile, is a plant cofrefponding in all refpedls with the above deferiptions, except that the blofToms are pale yellow, with glandular dots on the under furface. I believe it to be a real variety of the album.^zy accordingly in his Cat. plant, exterar. fpeaks of white and yellow having rifen from the feed of the fame plant. St, Verbafcurn albim. Mill, according to Reich, but Mill, charac- terifes it, “ Leaves kart-oblong.” St. Chalky and fandy meadows and paftures, road fides, Kent. — [Has never been found in Norfolk. Mr. Woodward. — On the ramparts of BrulTels, and there the pulverulentiim is not to be found. — Enviile, near the Rock Houfes. St.] black VERB AS 'CUM iii'grum. Leaves heart-oblong, on leaf-flalks.-: — Fuchf. 'S/pgp cop. in Dodr 144. i, J. B. iii. 873. 3, and imitaltd in Trag. 218. — Ger. 631. 2. — (Ger. cm. 775. 2.— H. ox. v. I p. row 2. 5, only tipper-leaves J — (Malth. 1145, more branched than 1 have ever feen it.) Leaves notched, downy underneath. Stem angular. Spike loofe, fometimes branched. Linn. — Leaves wrinkled; the upper egg-fpezr- Ihaped, pointed. Hall. St. — Leaves (the lower) doubly notched. Threads, all bearded. Scop. St. — Flowers on fruit-ftalks, bundled. Leaves gradually fmaller upwards; the uppermoft nearly fitting. PoLLiCH. St. W.—Stem befet with fcattered dotvn; angles more numerous V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. numerous upwards, being continuations of the edges of the leaf- ftalks tinged of a dirty purple. Dotwi jointed, wKh fimple awl- ! fhaped branches from the joints; that on the dowers forked. Floze- • ers from 5 to 9, but generally 7 in a fet, with rudiments of others, 'but feldom more than 4 come to perfeiilion, bloflbmlng in the tfame order as thofe of the V. Thapfus. Fniit-ftallis as long as the tflowers, lying to the ftem, becoming longer during bloffoming; Wbmetimes, though rarely, with 2 or 3 flowers. Flmer-leaves, 3 tto each fet, the lowermoft the largeft, the uppermoft awl- fhaped. iBlofs. from 8 lines to i inch diameter, pale yellow; tube and edges «of the mouth with pointed blotches of brownifh purple. Threads from the middle to near the point purple, and generally befet with purple hairs, above and below taAvny, but in fome plants there are Dio hairs, or only i or 2 fcattered ones to be feen; the uppermoft -hefhorteft, the reft gradually longer downw^ards. Hairs (lightly ‘ -fhaped at the end. Dujl deep orange. In habit very much nblesthe Digitalis purpurea. St. Leaves heart-fpear-fhaped, loubly fcolloped; the lower on fhort broad leaf-flalks. Flowers it 7 in a fet. Spike long, but not very compadt. yellow- :arlet. woolly. 5A^/thickefl towards the top. Sum- reen, not extending down the fhaft. With. edges and road fides. [Road fides, fandy foil, Suffolk. Mr. 3DWARD. — At Hamftead, betwixt Birmingham and Walfall. H.]' P. July. — Sept, beautiful plant. The flowei's are grateful to bees, vine will eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Cows, Horfes, Goats refufe it. '’ERBAS'CUM virga'tum. Downy. Root-leaves rodlike ewhat lyre-fhaped ; ftem-leaves fitting. Stem branch- Fruit-ftalks feveral together, fitting.* St. J. B. iii. 875. 1.? m ftronger and longer than V. Blattaria. Blofs. gold-coloured. •jf. round, 2, 3, or more together, but moft ufually i. Park. —Whole pkinf befet with very fhort hairs; hairs numerous, ght, whitifh, with glqbular heads, which wither away. Root Lched, flanting, biennial, whitifh, bitter. Stem upright, 1 5to 6 ft. high, branching from the bottom, round, marked I fuperficial angles from the edges of the leaves running down ftem, and of a woodlike hardnefs below. Branches undivided, * Pubefcens, foliis radicalibus fublyratis, caullms feffilibui, caule lamofv, idunsulii aggregatij feffilibuj. St, Q 2 long 228 Pentandria monogynia, long, rodlike, alternate, folitary, leafy below, befet with flowers to the length of 2 feet and upwards. Root-kaves a good deal re- fembling thofe of the CovmonPrimroJe, fpear-fhaped-oblong, wing cleft-fcolloped towards the bafe, unequally and doubly notched, wrinkled; above fomewhat glolTy, with fcattcreci hairs; underneath venousj snd woolly; veins hairy,- the hairs generally forked, and dotted with minute black dots, which, when viewed with a lens, by tranfmitted light, appear femi-tranfparent. Lower Jlem-kaves oblong-fpear-fhaped, or egg-oblong-fpear-fhaped, notched, and fome of the lowennoft fcoHoped towards the bafe, narrowing down into very fhort leaf ftalks. Upper jlem and branch-leaves egg- fhaped, oroblong-egg-fhaped, toothed, not ferratedas in V.Boerh. and Blatt, fitting; not embracing the ftem as in V. Blait. Flower- leaves egg-fhaped, gradually diminifhing, the uppermoft fpear- fhaped, and at length becoming a kind of flower-fcales, Fbwers nearly fitting; in fmall clullers from the fides of the ftem and branches, at moderate intervals; but in plants whofe main ftem has been-injured they fometimes appear folitary, but, on exami- nation, the rudiments of others will be found at the bafe of each. Flower -j’calcSf one at the bafe of each flower, the outermoft egg- fhaped, taper-pointed, or fpear-fhaped, rather ftiorter than the flower; the inner ones fpear-fhaped, the length of the empal. Empali fegments fpear-fliaped, expanding, as foon as the bloffom is fallen clofing up, the upper one fmaller than the reft. Blojs. with a purplifti ring round the mouth; inch diameter; 2or3inbloom at once. Fruit-Jlalks horizontal, very fliort, feldom more than half the length of the empalement; the upper part of the outfide and ■round the tube befet with hairs tipt with glands. Threads purplifti on one fide; and yellowifh on the other; bearded with thread-like hairs club-fhaped at the, joints, whifch, in the upper one, are whitifh, in the reli; purple. befet with very fhort white hairs tipt with glafs-ftiaped glands. St. Blattaria lutea major, five, Hifpanica. Park G4, attd par. 383. — Blat- laria lutea fol. long, laciniato alterd 4. aibilorum, 3, 4, 5, et plura vaf^ cula conjun&a habens, C. B. pin. 2^0. ?-^Blatlaria magiio fore. C. B. pin, 241. J. if. iii. 875. R; hijl. logG. Yourn. 148. — (Not Ger. em. 773. 5, cop. in J. B. iii. 875. i , leaves too pointed.) Hedge banks, in gravelly foil. [Firft fhewn me by my late wor- thy friend Mr. Waldron Hill, of Worcefter, in a field on the S. fide of a lane leading from Gregory's Mill to the turnpike road, near that town. The fide of the turnpike road from Worcefter to Omberfley, oppofite to the lane leading to Beverley; and cul- tivated for the laft 3 years at my requeft by Mr. Br.unton, in his Burfery at Perry Hill, near Birminghanij without any perceptible . . alleratiom V. CHIVES,' I. POINTAL, clteration. It is cultivated alfo in the King’s Garden, at Paris, wvhere I pointed it out to my learned and ever to be regretted friend, ELiNN/tus THE Son, who afTured me it had not been deferibed lin his father's works. St. B. Aug. — Nov, VERBAS'CU M BJatta'ria. Leaves embracing the ¥lem, oblong, fmooth. Fruit-flalks folitaiy. Linn. — ? ILeaves fcrrated. Hall. St. Fuckf. 183, cop.inTrag. 925, and J. B. iii. 874. i. — Ger. em. 778.7, cop. in Park. 64. 3. — Ger. 633. i, the bejl leaves. — Matth. 1151, cop. by Dod. 145. i , repr. in Lob. obf. 304. 2, and Ger. em. 776. i ; which cop. in Park. 61 . 5, Pet. ii. 62. 5, arid H. ox. V. g. row 3. 5. — Swert. ii. 39. 4, bad. — (Zanon. 34. i, is Celfia orient. — Dod. 145. 2, is V. phoenic.J Upper part of the plant fprinkled with hairs fecreting a glutinous atter. Linn. — Leaves heart-fpear-fhaped, fnaooth, wrinkled; ippemwjl egg-fpear-fhaped, embracing the ftem. Upper part of ;he Jlem and empalements hairy; hairs knobbed at the ends. Blofs. vellow. Capjule fpherical.HALL.Sv. — Stem 2 to 3 feethigh, flightly angular, fmootij. Leaves fomewhat wrinkled. A fhort fpear- laped Jlower-leqf at the bafe of each fruit-ftalk. Pollich, St. — !77irra£?5 bearded with club-fhaped hairs. Scop. St. — LeavesgloiTy n the upper fide; fometimes toothed, and fometimes notched; "owermajl with winged clefts at the bafe. Fruit-ftalks longer than the ower-leaves. Threads, 3 uppermojl bearded from the bafe to the tips, ppermoft hairs whitifh; 2 loa/erTKojZ bearded from the bafe to a little above themiddle.See^f-iwii covered with fitting globular glands. St. Obs. The genus Blattaria of Ray, Tourn. and the old authors, -hough very properly combined by Linnaeus with the Verbajeum, 'orms a kind of natural fub-divifion of the genus, confifting of V. phaemc. Blattaria, and Virgatum. Capfule globular. Hairs of the Jlem •■and leaves tipt with globular heads. In the true Verbqfcums, Capjule eggr aped. Hairs branching. Sv, • iellow Moth Mullein. Gravelly foil. Lane between Mitcham Common and Cafalton. orns Place, near Rochefter, between Deptford and Greenwich. AY. — And about Plymouth. Huns. My fpecimens from gardens, and having never feen it growing ild, I have been fometimes induced to fufpeA my virgatum to ave been taken for the true V. Blattaria. St- A June. July. 229 moth Qs 263. DATU'RA, 230 PENTANDRIA MONOG YNIA. common 263. DATU'RA. Thorn-apple. Empal. Cup I leaf; oblong; tubular; did ended ; with 5 angles and 5 teeth ; falling olf, but leaving a part of the bafe behind. Bloss. 1 petal ; funnel-fhaped. cylindrical ; gene- rally longer than the cup. Border not quite upright, almoft entire ; with 5 angles, 5 tapering teeth, and ; 5 plaits. Chives. ‘Threads 5 ; awl-fliaped; as long as the cup. Tips oblong; blunt; compreifed. Point. 5f’ea-6?/d egg-lhaped. S/ifl/lthread-fliaped ; flraight. - Summit thick, blunt, compofed of 2 flat plates. S. Vess. Capfide nearly egg-fliaped; with 2 cells and 4 valves ; flanding upon the remains of the cup. Re- , ceptacleldiTge ; convex ; dotted ; fixed to the partition of the capfule. Seeds. Numerous; kidney-draped. ■ Ess. Char. Blofs. funnel-Jhaped, plaited. Empal. tubular^ " angular, falling off. Capjule 4-valved. DATU'RA Stramo'nium. Seed-veflel thorny, up- right, egg-lhaped. Leaves egg-fhaped, fmooth. Linn.— Leaves indented (finuatis.) St. Stoerck. — FL dan. 436. — Cluj. exot. 289, repr. in Ger. em. 348. 2. — Blackw. 313. — Col. phytob. 12. — (The references to the old authors in the Germ, fynon. belong to Datura metel.J At night the teai;e5, particularly the upper ones, rife up and inclofe the flowers. Blofs. white, with fometimes a tinge of pur- fle, or violet. Amongft rubbifh, and on dunghills. [Trittor Heath, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] — A native of America, but now naturalized in Europe. Linn. A. July. An ointment prepared from the leaves gives eafe in external 1 inflammations and Hiemorrhoids. The Edinburgh College diredl , an extradl to be prepared by evaporating the exprefled juice of the ' leaves. This has been given with great advantage in convulfive affecTiions and epileplies. Out of 14 epileptic patients, 8 were entirely cured by it, at Stockholm. The dofe from 2 to 16 grains a day. Med. Ccmm. i. 368. iii. 22. See alfo Lond. Med. Jour. 11.295. The feeds or leaves given internally bring on delirium, tremors, fwelling, itching, eruption, and inflammation on the Ikin: thefe effecSls r V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. fFecfts were produced by a dofe of a dram and a half in a girl g ■ ears old. See Dr. Fowler’s account, Med, Comm. vol. 5, p. 164.- Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Horfes refufe it. / 264. HYOSCY'AMUS. Henbane.' , 2mpal. Cup I leaf, tubular; dill ended in the lower part. with 5 clefts ; fharp; permanent. 3loss. i petal, funnel-fhaped. cylindrical ; fhort. Border not quite upright ; with 5 lhallow clefts. Seg- ments blunt , I broader than the reft. 'BmvEs. Threads ^ ; awl-fhaped; inclinine;. roundifli, Point. Seed-bud xoundiih.. thread-Thaped ; as long as the chives. Summit fomewhat globular. 5. Vess. Capfule egg-fhaped ; blunt ; marked with a line upon each fide ; pf 2 cells, formed by 2 capfules clofely prelfed together, but cut round, and with a lid opening horizontally. Receptacle half egg-fhaped, fixed to the partition. Seeds. Numerous; unequal. Ess. Char, Blofs, funnel-Jkaped; blunt. Chives inclining, Capfule 2-celled, xvith a lid, HY OSCY'AMUS ni'ger. Leaves embracing the commori iftem, indented. Flowers fitting. — Ludw. 85. — Cluj. ii. 83, repr. in Dod. 450. i, Lob. obj 139. i, Ger. 283. I, and Ger. em. 353. i, andrudely cop. in Park. 362. I. — Blackw. 550. — Riv.mcm. 102. — Stoerck.—H. ox. v. ii. row 2. I. — Matlh. 1064. — f'uchf.8^^, cop. in J. B. iii. 627. I . — Trag. 133. — (Variety ^ of the Germ, fynon. is H, reliculat.J Flowers on very fhort fruit-ftalks. Mr. Hollefear.— lhairs foft, long, and matted with thofe of the flower next below i:and above it. Bbjs. irregular, gradually tapering down into a Jtube, with 5 prominent ribs on the outfide; the upper fegment ithe largeft, the reft gradually diminifhing downwards; the upper iiilcifions fhallow, the lowermoft extending half way to the bafe, :and much wider than the reft. Threads white, with foft hairs be- llow; the uppermoft the fhorteft, thofe. below gradually increafing dn length. Empal. becoming rigid, and the capfules continuing on I the dead plant till the plants of the next year are in bloflbm ; when ' the leaves being fallen off the fruit appears in bunches pointing i way, in 2 rows from 1 fide of the branch. St. — Whole p/ant woolly ■vand clammy. Empal. woolly at the bafe, a little diftended on the Q 4 undep PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. under Hde, fmooth within. Blojs. tube white, with the middle deep purple; border pale yellowifh brown, beautifully veiued with purple. Threads woolly, unequal in length. Tips deep purple, of 2 cells. Dujl white. Shaft of a fine purple. Summit white. With. Villages, road fides, and amongfl rubbifh, nx)! uncommon. B. Linn. St. — A. Huus. June. The feeds, the leaves, and the roots, taken internally, are all poifonous; and many well attefted inftances of their bad effeiSs are recorded. Madnefs, convulfions, and death, are the general confequence. With. — I have often eaten the feeds of this plant with impunity. Dr. Sm iTH. — In a Imaller dofe they occalion gid- dinefs and Itupor. It is faid that the leaves fcattered about a houfe will drive away mice. The Edinburgh College order the expreffed juice of the plant to be evaporated to an exLradl; and perhaps in this ftate it may be ad vantageoufly joined with opium, where the elFedls of that medicine are defirable, and coftivenefs is to be avoided. There is no doubt of its being an ufeful medicine under proper management. The dofe is from half a fcruple to half a drarn. Goats are not fond of it. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Swine refufe it. Linn. Sheep fometimes eat it when young. Mr. Ballard. — Chiyfomela Hyofcyavn, and the Cimex h'yojcyamiy are found upon it. . ' 266, AT'ROPA. Dwale. Empal. Cup I leaf; permanent; with 5 divifions ; bulg- ing. Segments pointed. Bloss. I petal; bell-fhaped. ‘Tube very {host. Border dil^- tended ; egg-fhaped ; longer than the cup. Mouth fmall; wdth 5 clefts ; open. nearly equal. Chives. Threads 5 ; awl-lhaped ; from thebafe of, and as long as the blolfom ; approaching at the bafe, but bowed outwards, and diverging towards the top. Tips rather thick ; riling. Point. Seed-bud hzU egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; inclining ; as long as the chives. Summit knobbed ; tranfverlely oblong; riling. S. V ESS. Berry of 2 cells ; globular ; fitting upon the cup, which enlarges. Receptacle heUay ; kidney-fliaped ; convex on both lides. Seeds, Numerous; kidney-fliaped. Ess, ! 233 V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. Ess. Char. Blojs. hell-Jhaped, Chives dijlant. Berry globu- lar, 2-celled. AT'ROPA Belladon'na. Stem herbaceous. Leaves deadly eg§-Oiaped ; entire. — Ludw. 128. — Jacq. aujir. iv. 369. — FI. dan. 758. — Sheldr. loi. — Mill. €2. — Cfe/. ii. 86. I, repr.inDod. 456. i, Lob. obf. 134.2, Ger.em. 340, and cop. in Park. 346. 6, Cer. 269, and H. ox. -xiii. 3. 4. — Blackw. 564. — Matlh. 1073. — J. B. iii. 61 1. I. — -Fuchf. 689, cop. in J. B. ib. 2. — ib. 3. — -Trag. 301. Stem zigzag. Leaves not evidently hairy. Empal. fegnients, 2 fmaller than the reft, not evidently bulging. Blofs. ribbed. Threads with white hairs at the bafe. Tips white. Summit green. Seeds rough, dotted. Berry, firft green, then red, and at length black. With. — BlofToms dark purple. ' Deadly, or Jleepy h'ightjhade. Dwayberries. Hedges, amongft limeftone and rubblfh. [St. Faith’s, Newton, near Norwich, and in Herts, frequent. Mr. Woodw. — Dudley Caftle, With. St. — Yard of Lautony Abbey, near Gloucefter. Mr. B.\llard. — Hardwicke Park, Derbyfhire. St.] P. June. — Aug. — Fruit ripe from Aug. to Odl. St. The whole plant is poifonous; and children, allured by the beautiful appearance of the berries, have too often experienced their fatal etfe The juice of the ripe berries flains paper of a beautiful and dur able purple. With. 268. SOLA'NUM. R V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 235 268. SOLA'NUM. Nightfliade. ^MPAL. Cup I leaf; permanent; with 5 (Irallow clefts ; (harp; upright. ;Bloss. I petal ; wheel-fhaped. very ftiort. Border , large; plaited; with 5 (hallow clefts; turned back and fiat. iChives. ‘threads ^ ; awl-fliaped; very fmall. ob- long ; approaching fo as to touch ; with 2 open pores at the end. ' [Point. Seed-bud roundifli. Shaft fimple ; longer than the chives. Summit blunt. ;S. V ESS. Bey-ry roundifh, gloffy ; with a hollow dot at the end ; and 2 cells. Receptacle convex on both fides ; flefhy. Seeds. Several, roundifh, difperfed among the pulp. Ess. Char. Blojs. ivheel-fkaped. tips almojl uniting, open- ing at the point by 2 pores. Berry 2-celled. SOLA'NUM Dukama'ra. Stem without prickles, woody fomewhat fhrubby, zigzag. Upper-leaves halberd-fhaped. Bunches tuft-like. — Ludw. 58. — Curt. i. i. — FI. dan. 607. — Blackw. 34. — Bod. 402. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 136. 4, Ger. em. 350, and cop. in Park. 350. — Ger. 279. I. — Trag. 816. — Matth, 1281, cop. in J. B. ii. log. 2. Stems twining. Leaves egg-fpear-fhaped; the upper fometimes, not always halberd-lhaped. /i/o/s. deeply divided; fegments fpezr- i fhaped, with 2 green fpots at the bafe of each. Tips on the ift opening of the blolTom readily feparable, but afterwards growing • dr)'er, they fooner tear than be disjoined. Berry, the hollow not very confpicuous. With. Blofs. purple, Vtud berries fcarlet. ' Curt. — Blofs. fometimes flefh-coloured. Bitter -fweet. Moift brakes, hedges, and fides of ditches. P. June. July, &. Leaves hairy. Huds. fea Sea coaft. Ray. and Huds. 3. Blofs white. Huds. whiteflower’d Boerlpave fays it is a medicine far fuperior to China and Sarfa- i parilla as a fweetner and reftorative. Linnaeus fays an infufion of the young twigs is an admirable medicine in acute rheuma- i tifms, inflammations, fevers, and fuppreflion of the lochia. Dr. i Hill fays he has found it very efficacious in the afthma. Doiffor Hallenberg 836 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Hallenberg advifes it in ifchiatic and rheumatic pains, jaundice, fcurvy, and lues venerea. He directs a pint of boiling water to be poured upon 2 drams of the ftalks Diced and dried, after ftand- ing half an hour, it muft be boiled 15 minutes. The dofe a tea- cups full or more, morning and evening. The ftalks may be gathered early in the fpring, or at the end of autumn. Med. Comm, vol.^.p. 15. — The root has the fmellof the potatoe.Mr.BEODOEs. Sheep and Goats eat it. Horfes, Cows, and Swine refufe it. garden SOLA'NUM ni'grum. Stem without prickles, her- baceous. Leaves egg-ihaped, toothed, angular. Bunches nodding, pointing 2 ways. — - Ludiv. 179. — Curt. ii. 16.* — FI. dan. 460. — Sheldr. io6. — Blackw. 107. — Dod. 454. I, repr. in Lob. obj. 133. 2, Ger. em. 339. I, and cop. in Park. 346, i, andH. ox. «. xiii. i. row i, i. — Mattk. io6g. — Gcr. 268. i. — fuchf. 686, cop. in J. B. iii. 6. 608. — Trag. 303. Stem angular, rpughifh, branching from the bafe. Leaves run- ning down the leaf-ftalk. Fruil-Jlalks from the fides of the ftem and branches, without any leaf at the bafe. Pollich. St. Arifing from the middle of the joint. Curt, St, — Blofs. white. Berries black, Common NightJJiade, .Amongfl; rubbifti, and on dunghills. A. June.— Oct. From r to 3 grains of the leaves infufed in boiling water, and taken at bed-time, occafions a copious perfpiration; increafes the fecretion by the kidneys, and generally purges more or lefs the following day. Thefe properties, judiciouDy applied, render it capable of doing eftential fervice in feveral difeafes, as may be feen in Mr. Gattaker’s Treatife on the Solanum, But its effects on the nervous fyftem are fo uncertain, and fometimes fo confi- derable, that it rnuft ever be adminiftered with the greateft caution. The leaves externally applied abate inflammation, and affuage pain. The flowers fmell like mufk. Horfes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine refufe it. ♦ Correfponds with the “ S. nigrum •virginicum e Linn, with the branches •' angular, toothed; leaves ferpentine at the edge, fmooth and figured by DiU. t. 375, /. '356. PofTibly indigenous to Great-Britain as well as America, or rather, perhaps, naturalized in the environs of the metropolis, from the refufij of gardens. St, 375. CHI ROC V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 337 275. CHIRO'NIA. Centory. (Centaurium minus. 'Toufn. 48. St.) Empal. I leaf, with 5 divifion^, permanent; liltl^ leaves oblong, upright, pointed. Eloss. 1 petal ; equal. T'uir naiTower. Border with 5 divifions, expanding; /pg'mpntj' egg-fipaped, equal. HIVES. Threads 5 ; broad ; flrort ; growing from the top of the tube. Tips oblong; upright; large-; ap- proaching; fpirally twifted when their duft is flied. oiNT. Seed-hud cgv-{hzped. thread-fhaped, a little longer than the chives, declining. Summit knobbed, riling up. iS. Vess. Egg-fhaped ; 2-celled. ■Seeds. Nmiierous; fmall. Ess. Char. Blofs. zvheel-Jhaped, (rather funnel or falver-' / Jhaped; fee generic defeription. Sr.) Point, declining. Chives inlerted into the tube of the blojfom. Tips at lajl fpirah Seed-vejfel of 2 cells, (of i, fee below. St.) , Obs. Linn, in his j?. lapp. p. 62. gives us reafons for uniting the Centaurium minus of Tourn. to the Gentiana] but the fubfequent eftablifhment of the Genera Chironia and Chlora, the individuals of which Tourn. had referred to his Centaurium minus, may be re- garded as a tacit recantation of that opinion, Chironia and Chlora agree in the ftrudlure of their fruit, but differ ini that, of the em- palcment. St. (f" , CHIRO'NIA Centau'rium. CuR-ri -Mr.'Woo'DW. common St. Herbaceous. Leaves oblong Ipear-lhapped fegments of the empalement awl-lhaped, fhorter ithari the tube of the blolfom. St.* ' Curt. iv. 42. — FI. dan. Ciy, .Wale, — Sheldr. 82.— ^fuchs. 3^87, cop. in J. B. iii. 353. 2. — Matlh. 655, the clbfed-hloffoms excel- lent, the expanded too blunt. — Dod. Z^6, repr. in Lob. obf. 218, Ger. em. 547. i ,* and cop. in park. ' 2fj2. 1 .—Blackw. ^p;2 .— Frag. 140.— Ge?-. 437. — H. ox. v. 26, row 1.5. > Blofs. with fometimes only four clefts, and fegments pointed. Hcds. — Stem from four inches to a foot, and in a fpecimen on the fea coaft, ^ inches high, often branching out fome way above * Herbacea, foliis lanceolato-oblongis, calycinU laciniis ftibulaiis tybo corgj- brevioribusk Sx. 238 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, [ above the root ; branches upright, limple; and fometimes branch- ing all the way to the top. I- Inwcr- Leaves ftrap-lhaped. Flowers in a kind of rundle, folitary, almoft fitting, one at each divifion of the rundle. Blojs. fhrivelling, falver-fhaped when fully expanded ; tube I -3d longer than the empalement, fiightly coloured; borderge- 1 nerally clofed, except In clear fair weather, plaited at the bafe, the filTures being keeled on the outfide, and the fegments on the 1 infide. Chives fhorter than the bloflbm; awl-fhaped; lips I cgg-oblong, upright, and after they have fhed their dull flrap- | fhaped, and tvvifted fpirally from right to left. Seed-bud green, [ fitnooth, with a longitudinal furrow on each fide. Shaft as fhort again as the threads, cloven half way down. Summts 2, on fhort pedicles, nearly orbicular, greenifh-yellow. Caps, oblong, round, marked with a furrow on each fide; of 2 valves, readily feparat- ing into 2 halves, but of only one cell, the edges of the valves being turned inwards, but not fo far as to meet, as in Chlora. Seeds roundifh. Compare the above defeription with the Chironia. How exa . 0 be the fourceof its very ftrongj and to fome perfons not unpleaf- ng feent. St. Squinancy Berries, Wet hedges and banks of rivers. [Alder Swamps, Norfolk* Mr. Woo WARD.] S. May. The berries have a very peculiar flavor which many people diflike; out their juice is frequently boiled down into an extradl, with the addition of a fmall proportion of fugar : in this Hate it is called Rob; and is muchufed in fore throats j but chiefly in thofe of the linflammatory kind. Some people put them into brandy, for the Jame purpofe that other people ufe black cherries. The tender •leaves tinge common fpirits, fo as to refemble brandy. An infu^ ifion of the young roots is ufeful in fevers of the eruptive kind ; Bind in the dyfenteric fevers of cattle. Goats and Horfes eat the leaves. Linn. — A Horfe refufed it* JSt. — All the fpecies are eaten by the Phaltsna grojfidaria, R I'BES groJfulaYia.- Branches prickly. Fringe of the toughherrted Ileaf-ftalks hairy. Berries hairy. — Wale. FlOwer-Jeales 2, with fometimes a 3d withifi, oppofite, embtac- iing the fruit-ftalk; the edges of the outer one lapping over thofe lof the inner. St. Feaberry in Cheftiire, Lancafhire, and Yorkfhire. Hedges. fWALC. — And on old buildings and church towers. St. S.Apr.- R2 HI'BES 244 Goojebcrry PENTANDRIA monogynia. R I'B E S Uva-crif'pa. Branches prickly. Berries fmooth. | Fruit-ftalks with a flower-fcale of i leaf. — | Schviied. I. — Blackw.2jj. — FuchJ. cop. in Trag. 977.— I Mntth. 167, cop. inj. B. i. 6. 47. — Lonic. i. 43. i. — Dcd. \ ^48, repr.in Lob. ic.'n, 206. n, obf.Giy. 2, Cer.em. 1324, and cop. in Park. 1560. i. — (FI. dan. 546, Jkould feem from the hairy berries to be R. grqffularia.) Buds Avoolly. Empdement bent back. Bunch none. Fruil-Jlalh. woolly. Floxoer-fcale egg-ihsped, embracing the fruit-ftalk, gene- rally with 3 divifioiis. Flower fingle, pendant. .Leaf-jlalks ifringed with knobbed hairs. A triple thorn beneath tbe buds. Linn. — ■ Flowers whitilh. Flotaer-Jcale very fmall. Mcench. — Sometime.'; 1, and 2 others at its bafe. Pollich. St. — Flowers generally in pairs. Flower-fcale concave, rvith a border divided into 2 lips. Thorns, their number uncertain, under 3. Hairinefs of the beiries inconftant, and fometimes difficult to fay whether fmooth or hairy. Schmied. who appears to confider this and J?. grojfnlaria merely as varieties of one fpecies. I mufl; own I have not been able to obferve any elfential marks of difference benveen them, except the hairinefs and fmoothnefs of the berries, and Parkinfon affures us that the feeds of his hairy or prickly green'goojebejry pro- duced,plants bearing fmooth berries, with few or no hairs upon them. In our fmooth-berried goofeberry I have found 2 and 3 flower- fcales as in the rough-beiried goofeberry. St. Woods and hedges. Pai'ker’s Piece, GIrton, Shelford, Dittori, 'Harfton Church Yard, and Triplow, Cambridgefhire. Relhan. ' S. Apr. May. 304. HED'ERA. Ivy. Empal. Fence o^. the fimple rundle very fmall ; with ma- ny teeth. C«h very fmall, with 5 teeth, binding round the feecl-bud. Bloss. Petals^; oblong; expanding-; bent inwards at the points. Chives, threads 5 ; awl-fhaped ; upright ; as long as the bloifom. 7'tps fixed fide-ways ; forked at the bafe. - Point. Seed-bud turban-fiiaped ; bound round by the cup. Shaft fimp'le ; very fliort. -SuTrimit fimple. .S. Vess. .6p?71’ globular ; with 1 cell. Seeds. 3 ; large ; bulging on i fide, angular on the other. Ess. Char. Petals oblong. Berry p^-feeded, bound round by the anpakment. . > , HED'ERA 245 V. CHIVES, I; POINTAL. HED'ERA He'lix. Leaves, fome egg-fliaped, an4 common )thers lobed. — Curt. i. 8, — ShelJr. 103. — Blackw. 188. — Trag. 801. — Ger. 708, I and 2 0. — Fuchf. 722, and 723 B, cop. in J. B. ii. ». 1 1 1. i ’ \ and 2 jS. — Dod. 413. i and 2 0, repr. in Lob. obf. 336. 2, and 837- I f^iid Gcr. em. 857. i and 2 0 ; and cop. in Park. 678. I and C)yg. 4. 0. — Matth. 624 and 625. 0. When it trails on the ground its branches are fmall and weak, md its leaves with 3 lobes. Curt. In which ftate it does not produce fruit, and has been called Barren or Creeping Ivy. To the rigurcs of it in this ftage of its growth the letter is fubjoined. St. ■But when it climbs up walls or trees It grows much ftronger, d the leaf changes to egg^fhaped. Curt. St. — At leaii when rrived to its full growth, in which ftate it is called Climbing or ded Ivy. St. — Leauet glofty. greenifh white. Berries fclack. — Woods, hedges, and old buildings. S. 061. The roots are ufed by leather- cutters to whet their knives upon, tsever-green leaves adorn our walls and cover the naked trunks of itrecs. Apricots and peaches, covered jvith ivy during the month >of February, have been obferved to bear fruit plentifully. PIdl. ■ Tranf. No. 475. — The leaves have a naufeous tafte. Halier fays Jtheyare given in Germany as a fpecific in theatrophy of children,. •Common people apply them to-ilTues. The berries have a little :acidity. They purge arid vomit. With. — In warm climates a relinous juice exfudes from the ftalks. — Horfes and Sheep eat it. iGoats and Cows refufe it. Li n n. — Sheep are fond of it. St. — And i^in fevere weather it is ftripped offthetrees as food. Mr. Hollef. 313. ILLEC'EBRUM. Kiiotgrafs. (Pel.) ! Empal. Cup 5 leaves and 5 angles ; leaves coloured; ta- pering; dillant at the points ; permanent. Bloss. None. I Chives. Threads^; hair-like; within the cup. 'Tips pie. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped; (harp; ending in a fliort cloven Jhaft. Summit fimpk ; blunt. S. Vess. Capfule roundifh ; tapering at each end ; with 5 valves, and i cell ; covered by the cup. Seeo. Single; very large; fomewhat round, but fharp at each end. Ess. Char, Empal. of 5 leaves, griflly. Blofs. o. Sum- mit fmple. Capfule of 5 valves, and i feed. R3 ILLEC'EJr PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ivhorled I C ' EBRU M vertkilla' turn. Flowers in whorls, naked. Stems trailing. Linn.— 7"^? jloral-leaves are fo muck Jhorter than the flowers, that the latter appear naked. St. FL dan. 335. — Vaill. 15. 7. — J. B. iii. 378. 2, cop. in Tet. 10. 7. — Ger.em. 563, cop. in Park. 1333, and ill cop. in Ger. 449. r. Leaves ovzl, keeled, flefhy. Mr, Woodward. — Upper -whorls , crowded near together, by no means fo far afunder as in FI. dan. ] Mr. WooDW. St. — Empal. leaves nearly cylindrical, tough, white i without, (lightly keeled underneath, flatted, and greenifti within ■ from a little below the point; points tapering into fhort hairs. , Whenclofed they enadlly refemble the feed-veflels of the Sedum. F/oraZ-feauei 'egg-lhaped, femi-tranfparent, whitifh, at the bafe of • the flowers, performing the office of z fence. St. — Blojfoms white. ; Marlhes, and wet paftures in Cornwall. P. July, i 314. G L A U ' X. Saltwort. t Empal. None, unlefs you confider the bloffom as fuch, Bloss. Petal Lmgle; upright; bell-lhaped ; permanent; with 5 blunt fegm'ents, rolled back. Chives. 1 breads awl-fhaped; upright; as long as the bloffom. T^ips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit a knob. S. Vess. Capfule glohuhr ; tapering; of i cell and 5 valves. Seeds. 5; roundilh,. Receptacle Izrge ; globular; with hollows where the feeds lie. Ess. Char. Empalemcntofileaf. Bloffom o. Capfule of I cell, 5 valves, and 5 feeds. black G L A U ' X marit'ima. Lob. obf 227, 2, repr. in Ger. em. 562, and cop. in Park. 1283. 2, — Fl. dan. 548.* — Ger. 448, Leaves oval-oblong. Linn. — Stems trailing; jointed. Leaves fitting. Blofs. at the bafe of the leaves; purple; fometimes green- ifh white; or white; or ftriped, — Flowers fitting, from the bofom of the leaves, from about the middle of the ftem. Lyons. Sea Milkwort. Black Saltivort. Sea coaft. [Norfolk coaft. Mr, Woodw, — Betiveen Marazion pnd Penzance. Mr. Watt,] P, July, Cows eat it. ^ Leaves tpo pointed, and ftpins too ijalted. Mr. Woodward. 3.5, THE'SlUMr i V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 247 , 315. THE'SIUM. Flanweed. (Park.) Em PAL. Cup I leaf.; permanent; turban-fhaped ; with 5 . fliallow clefts. Segments half fpear-fliaped ; upright ; blunt. Bloss. None, unlefs you conlider the ai/) as fuch, from its colour on the infide. Chives. Threads^'; awl-fhaped ; inferted at the bafe of the fegments of the cup ; flrorter than the cup. 'Tips roundifli. Point. Seed-bud beneath ; at the bottom of the cup. Shaft thread-lhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit rather thick and blunt. S. Vess. None. The cup contains the feed in its bottom without opening. Seed. Single; fomewhat round ; covered by the clofing cup. Ess. Char. Empalemeut i leaf, into xvhich the chives are inferted. Seed i, beneath, \ THE'SIUM Linophyl'lum. Panicle leafy. Leaves mountain ftrap-fhaped. — Cluf. i. 324. I, repr. in Ger. em- 555, and cop. in Farh. 459. 6, Ger. 442. 7, Fet. 9. 5, andj. B. iii. 461. 3.— i?. ox, xv. i. 3. Poolwoody. Leaves oi a yellowifh green. Pollich. St. /'/ora/-feax/e5 on foot-ftalks, cloven into 3; the middle fegment long, pointing downwards; the 2 outer fhort, pointing upwards, , ^ Flower fitting in the divifion.Mr. Woodward. — Stemi numerous, ' branching above, and fometimes trailing, probably from the firfl; fhoots having been eaten down. Flowers on fruit-ftalks in bunches. Fruil-falks zhont the length of the flowers. Floral-leaves 3, -termi- nating the fruit- ftalk, the lowermofl; the longeft. St. — Blofs. white. Bajlard Toadflax. Mountainous paftures, particularly in a chalky foil.-- — -[Near Bury, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P. June. July. Obs. Haller under T. alpinum defcribes a Thefium, which feems, he fays, to unite the T. alpinum and LmophyUum. Stem taller, and more upright than T. alpinum; but leaves ftrap-fhaped, foft, and flaccid. Flowering-branches about an inch long, fomewhatbranched, fometimes with only 2 flowers. Flower -leaves, 2 fmaller, the larger in full grown plants fhorter than the flower. Hall. St. — But in the the younger plants extending beyond the flower. Hall. — All the Englilh fpecimens which I have hitherto feen, feem to be this R 4 plant 248 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | plant of Haller’s, which, from Linnceus’s 'charaifler of leaves 1 Jlrap-Jkaped, flrould feem alfo to be his T. Linophyllum, whereas ^ .thofe oiHall. 1573, and Clujius's figure are truly fpear-fkaped. Leaves nervelefs, not with 3 firings as in the of Ha//. 1573, and j Scop. 172. Cultivation may afcertaiji its claim to be a fpecies or variety. See alfo Relhan at p. Qg. ' [Chalk cliff between Frelh-water Bay and the Needles in the ifle. of Wight. St.] ' j 322. y I N ' A. Periwinkle, < Empal. Gip with 5 divifions ; upright; fharp; perma-t .1 nent. ■ Bloss. 1 ftetal; falver-fhaped. 'Tube longer than the cup ; , cylindrical in the lower part ; wider above ; marked with 5 lines, and 5 angles at the mouth. Border with. 5 divilions ; horizontal ; the fegments conne6led ■ ■ with the top of the tube ; broadefi; at the outward edge, and obliquely lopped. I 'Chives. Threads^; very flrort ; firfi: bent inwards, and | then backwards. Tips membranaceous; blunt; : ' upright, but bowed inwards ; with the dull: at the margins. Point. Seed-buds 2; roundilh ; with 2 roundiflr bodies : lying contiguous to them. Shaft common to both feed-buds; cylindrical; as long as the chives. Sum- • mils 2 ; the lower one round and flat ; the upper fummit a concave knob. S.V ESS. 2 bags ; cylindrical; long; tapering; upriglit ; of I valve, opening lengthways. Seeds. Numerous; oblong; cylindrical; furrowed. Ess. Char. Contorted. Bags 2; upright. Seeds naked. Obs. One of the Natural Order of the Contorted plants. The ftrudlure of the flower of this genus, will help, in fome meafure, to explain to us that of Afclepias.—The. want of duft, however, in the Afclepias, diflinguifhes that genus from all thofe comprehended under the great divilion of perfedl plants. St. , feffer VIN'CA mi'nor. Stems trailing. Leaves fpear-eggr fhaped. Flowers on. leaf-ftalks. Linn. Floxvering-jtcm upright in the fpfing, but in autumn it hears flowers on the Jhoots of the year, wnich are trailing. Mr. Woodward. Curl, 249 V. CHIVES, I. POINTAL; Curt. iii. 2g.— Ludw. 75. — Sheldr. 22, except the blojfom which is ill drawn; no Jeed-veJI'el. — Blackw. 5<^.—Dod. 405, repr. in Lob. obf. 360. I, Ger. em. 894. i, and cop. in Park. 381. i, and J. H. ii. 13 1. — Matth. 956. — Walc.^Tra^. ^g^.—FiichJ. 360, blojfom bad. Leaves blunter, fmooth'at the edge. Fi'uit-Jlalks curved. Empal. Ifhort. Linn. — The ripe Jeed-veJfel I have never been able to dif- Kover. Curt. — The fruit feldom comes to maturity, and Cafalpin. ifeems the only one that has obferved it in that ftate. It may, how- jever, be eafily obtained by planting the V. major in a pot, where Jthe roots not having free room to extend themfelves, the juices ^e more copioufly propelled towards the pointal, which then ex- pands into well-formed feed-veflels. Tourn. — This affords a very jpleafing confirmation of- a general remark of Mr. Curtis’s, on 'the frequent barrennefs of plants which propagate themfelves by their roots. St. — Shajl inverfely conical. Upper fummit woolly. [. Leaf -Jlalks {hort. Flowering-Jlems upright. Blojs. blue. With. Woods and hedges but rare. [Near Hampftead. Earfham Wood, plentifully. Mr. Woodward.] P, May. A Horfe refufed it. St. VIN'CA major. Stems upright. Leaves egg-fhaped. Flowers on fniit-fta Iks. Linn. — Leaves fringed at the edge. Hall. St. Curt. iv. 37. — Toum. 45, fniSlijication with the feed-vejfel. — Wale. — Cluj. i. 121. 2, repr. in Dod. 406, i, Lob. obf. 360. 2, Ger. em. 894. 2, £»? cop.inPark.^Si.2. — J.B. ii. 132. — Garid. 81. A variety of the V. minor. Linn. — Mr. Curtis has not deferibed the fruit, neither have I ever feen it. St. — Empalement as long as the tube of thebloffom. Blofs. tube woolly within, juft above the tips. Leaf -Jlalks long. Blofs. blue; with a blufti of purple. With. Woods and hedges. [A grove in Thorpe, by Norwich. Mr. Woodward]. P. May. Bitter and flightly aftringent. With. — A Horfe refufed it. St. Order * N greater PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. Order IL VIGTJilA; ILPOINTALS. 336. HERN I A'R 1 A. Rupturewort. ■ « Empal. 1 leaf ; with 5 divifions ; fliarp ; expand- ing ; coloured within ; permanent. Bloss. None. ^ Chives. Threads awl-fliaped; fmall; within the feg- ) ments of the cup. Tips fiinple. There are 5 other ; threads without tips, alternating with the legments 4 of the cup. ? Point. Sced-bud egg-Qa^-ped. hardly any. Summits \ 2 ; tapering; as long as the fhaft. 1 S. Vess. Capfule fmall ; at the bottom of the cup ; cover- 'i , ed ; fcarcely opening. . Seed, Solitary; egg-fhaped, buttapering; fhining. | Ess. Char. Empal. divided into Blojjom o. Chives, 1 '■ 5 barren. Capfule i-Jeeded. | fmootk HERNIA'RIA gla'kra. Smooth. fl. dan. 52g. — Trag. 527. — Matth. 953. — J. B. iii. 378. 3.—. " Ger. 454. — Dod. 114, repr. in Ger. em. 569. — Blackw. 320, — Pet. 10. 9. — Park. 447. 9. Floral-leaves white, fringed. Scop. Mr. Woodward. St. — yellowifh. I Gravelly foil, Eizard Point, Cornwall, Huds. A. July. A little faltifir and aftringent. It increafes the fecretions by the kidneys. The juice takes away fpecks in the eye. Cows, Sheep, and Horfes eat it. Goats and Swine refufe it. B. Huds. H. lenticulata, which fee. hairy HER'NIA'RIA hirfu'ta. Rough with hair. — Sheldr.iio. — Pet.io. lo.^J.B.in.S'jg. 1. — H. ox. v.2g.* row 1.2.6. Scarcely more than a variety of H. glabra. Linn. St. — floralr Zeauer membranaceous, white, fringed. fZorum not more fitting thanthofeof H. glabra. St. — Blojs. greenifli yellow. Gravelly foil. Colney Hatch, near Barnet. A. July. Aug. fea HERNIA'RIA lenticula'ta. Somewhat flrrubby, Ceaves oblong-egg-fhaped, hairy. — Pluk, V. CHIVES, 11. POINTALS. 2 Pluk. 53. 3, cop. in Pet. 10. 6. — Buxb. i. 28. 2, but I am doubtful whether / h(we ever feen the plant. My Jpecimens, which I gathered in the King' s garden, Paris, are not dijlinguijhable from the H. hirjuta. Mr. Hiidfcn makes it a variety of H. glabra, though Linneeus charaeferijes it as having hairy leaves. / Blofs. greenifh white. Sea fhore. P. Aug. 337. C HE N O P O 'D I UM. Goofefoot. Empal. ■ Cup 5 leaves ; concave ; permanent ; leaves egg- ■fhaped ; concave ; membranaceous at the edges. Bloss. None. Chives, ‘threads 5 ; awl-lhaped ; as long as the leaves of the cup, and Handing oppofite to them, tips round- ifh ; double. Point. Seed-bud round and flat. Shaft fhort; divided. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. The cup clofes upon the feed; has 5 fides ; 5 compreiTecl angles ; falling off (with the feed.) Seed. Single; round; depreffed. Ess. Char. Empal. of 5 leaves,' and 5 angles. Blofs, o. Seed I, lentil-Jhaped. Obs. In feme fpecies the jheft Is divided into 3. * Leaves angular. CHENOPO'DIUM Bonus-Henri'eus. Leaves trian- Mercury gular-arrow-fhaped, very entire. Spikes compound, leaf- lefs, from the bofom of the leaves.^ Curt. iii. 31. — Ludw. 185, but fowering fpike bent down by force. — Fuchf. 463, cop. in J. B. ii, 965. 2. — Fl. dan. 579. — Ger'. 259. — trag. 317. — Mallh. 598, cop. in Dod. 651, which repr. hiLob.obf. 129.2, Ger. m. 329, and cop. in Park. 1225. 6, H. ox. V. 30. raw 2. n. 1. figure ^d, and Pet. 7. 12. — Blackw. 31 1. — Munt. 191. , Little Jpikes alternate; fitting. Flowers congregated; fitting. Linn. — Leaues waved at the edge, underneath fprinkled with a foapy mealinefs. Blofs. greenifh White. Hall. — Lower little fpikes on fhort fruit-flalks riling from the bofom of the flower-leaves. Common Englijh Mercury. All-good. Good Henry. Good King Henry, WddSpinage. — Amongft rubbilh, on road fides, and walls, [and Ipnaetimes in paftures. St.) P. May, , ' Cultivated PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, Cultivate^ as fpinage by the poor people at Bofton, in Lincoln* fhirc. Curt. — The young fhoots peeled and boiled, may be eaten as afparagus, which they refemble in flavour. They are gently laxative. The. leaves are often boiled in broth. The roots are given to Sheep that have a cough. Goats and Sheep are not fond of it. Cpws, Horfes,and Swine vcfufe it. jjprl^ht CHENOPO'DIUM ur'bicum. Leaves triangular, ^ fomevvhat toothed. .Bunches crowded, quite ftraight, lying clofe to the Hem, very long.— r , Pet. 8. -Q.—fBuxb. hall, i , atp. 6g, I have not feen, but is referred I by Schreb. to C. murale.) Poflibly a. variety of C- rubrum. There feems no diftindlion but In the bunches. TtH/'rth fmaller. Mr. Y/oqdvv. — pale green. Stem upright, fimple. Leaves alternate, on leaf-ftalks, toothed, pointed at each end, fmooth, marked with i or 2 teeth. Bunches from the bofom of the leaves, and terminating. Lyons. Dunghills, and amongfl: rubbifli. A. Aug. Sept.. Qoats and Sheep eat it, Horfes and Cows refufe it. red CHENOPO'DIUM ‘ru'hrum . Leaves heart-trian- gular, bluntifh, toothed.* Bunches upright, compound, Ibmewhat leafy, fliorter than the ftem.— /McAr. 653, cop:inJ.B.’ii.gj5.2, Dod, 616. i, Ger. m. 328. 2.— A^Jag/n 462, cop. in Lob, obf. 128. i, Gei'.em. 328. i, and, • cop. in Park. 749. 8, and H. ox. v. 31. row 2, 2.— -Pet. 8. 6. When full grown, red, and fpreading. Dies down on the firft froft. Stems drooping, and lying clofe to the ground. Leaves thick, fhining. Spikes with fitting balls of flowers, interfperfed with ftrap-fhaped leaves. Linn. — Is not this and the C. urbiam the fame plant? Huns. Bunches fhort, clofe, branched. Mr. Woodward. — iVem furrowed. Lenuej alternate, upright, run- ning down into leaf-flalks, nearly three-fquare, pointed, fhavply toothed, fmooth above. Leaf-Jlalks zs long as the leaves . Bunches from the bofom of the leaves, fhorter than the ftem, but the whole panicle longer'than the ftem. Lyons. — Stm pale green, fmooth, nightly fcored with lines of a deeper green. Branches from i ] ■i \ • « •i •• i 4 ■} 1 i i * The plant which accords with the figures referred to by Linnaeus I would chqrafteril'e thus : Leaves trowel-fhaped, toothed, indented ; teeth tapering. Bunches upright, compound, leafy, fliorter than the leaves. fFo/ih deltoiJeit, dcntatojinuatis, dentibuz acum'watiz ; racemiz ereblizf compojitiz, foliaceiZf foU^ krevionbuz, St.) * V. CHIVES, 11. POINTALS. 253 Crom the bofom of the leaves, upright. Leaves with their Icaf^ i'-talks as long or longer than the branches that rife. from them; no ihining. fparigles upon them or the empakment, fo as to give the plant a white appearance, but when lield againfl: a ftrong li^htan .mfiniic number of fhining particles appear. Bunches littmg in the t»fom of the upper leaves. With. Goofrfoot. Soic'haKC. Dunghills, rubbifhj and cultivated ground. A. Aug. CHENOPO'DIUM mura'le. Leaves egg-fliaj^ed, wall' dhining, toothed, pointed. Bunches bfanching, naked. — Pet. 8. 5. — Cer. 256. 2, cop. in J. B.ii. 1. — (Ger. cm, 328. I, feems rather to be C. ruhrum, q:id J. B. ii. 975. 2, re- ferred to by Linneeus, is a copy of I'uchj. 653 , ndiich is C. ruhrum f , Of a green colour. upright, open, thick,, fmooth on the rupper fide. Leaves ihickifh, glolTv, fmooth, very like thofe of Seed. Single ; kidney-fliaped ; comprelTed ; lying in the fubftance of the bafe of the cup. Ess. Char. Empalement 5 leaves. Blofs. o. Seed kidney- Jhaped, within the fubjlance of the bottom of the empal. B E'T A mar'it'ima. Flowers in pairs i — fed No figure of it, but Ger. em. ^iS. 2, is a pretty good reprefentation of it, as Mr. Lighfoot obferves. Differs from B. wig. in flowering the firft year; in the leaves Igrowing oblique or vertical; in the leaves of the cup being equals ' sand not toothed. Linn. Sea coaft, and about Nottingham. [Near Lynn. Mr. WoonWi — And Ifle of Wight. St.] B. Huds. P.Ray. Aug. 339. SAL'S OLA. Kelpwcirt. [Empal. 5 leaves; egg-fhaped ; concave; permanent* Bloss. None, unlefs you call the cup the bloffom. iChives. Threads^; veryfhort; Handing upon the leaves of the cup. , Point. Seed-bud globular. Shaft fliort ; with 2 or 3 divi- . Hons. Summits bent back. |S. Vess. Capfule egg-fhaped ; of i cell ; lapped up in the cup. iSeed. Single ; very large ; fpiral like a fnail fhell. Ess. Char. Empalement p) leaves. Bloffom o. Capfule i feed. Seed fnail-like. SAL'S OLA Ka'H. Herbaceous, drooping. Leaves prickly ;awl-fhaped, thorny, rough. Empalement bordered, from 'the bofom of the leaves. — ( Vol. I. S FI. dan. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. FI. dan. 8i8. a. — Dod. 8i. i. — H. ox. v. 33. ii. — fLob. obj. 463.. I , repr. in Gefj em. 1 1 17. 3, and cop. in Park. 1034, and Pet.- g. 2, which is referred to by Ray and Hudfon. — Mallh. 1033, cop. in Ger. em. 960. 4; and J. B. iii. 706. 2, Jeem lo be 8.- , Tragus.) Blojfoms greenifh. Prickly Glafsivort. Sea fiiore, frequent. Mr. Woodward. A. July. Aug,- Cows, Horfds, Goats, Sheep, and Swine refufe it, Jhrubhy S Ah' S O h A frutico'fa. Shrubby, upright. Leaves thread-fhaped, bluntifh. — Lob. adv. 163. 3 » cop. in J. B. iii. 704. 2. — (Lob. obJ. 206, 2,- fepr. h Ger. ein. 523. 4, and cop. in H. ox. y. 33, 10, and a branch of it cop. in Park. 73 i. 7, isReaumuria vermiculata.) Shrub Stone Crop, or Glafswott. fSedum minus fruticofum. C. B, pin. 284, is Reaumuria vermiculata.) Sea fhore. [Near Southwo'ld, Suffolk. Mr, Woodward.] S. Aug. ■ 345. UL'MUS. Elm. EmpXI. Cuf I leaf; turban-fhaped ; %vrinkled; perma- nent. Border with 5 clefts ; upright ; coloured on the infide'. Blobs. None. 'Chivrs. Threads ^ ; awl-fliaped; twice as long as the cup, ^ Tips with 4 furrows ; upright ; fhort. Point. •Sced-W round and flat ; upright. Shafts 2 ; re- fle61ed ; fhorter than the chives. Summits downy. S; Vess. Benyoyzl; large; not pulpy; compreffed and membranaceous. Seed. Single ; fomewhat globular ; but a little compreffed. Ess. Cn An.. Empalement xvith ^ clefts, Bloffom o. Berry juicelefs, flatted, membranaceous. # . UL'MUS campef'tris. Leaves doubly ferrattd, une- qual at the bafe. — ^ FI. dan. 632, the double ferratures of the leaves not exprefed. — Nat. dijpl. ii. 8. 2, at p. 63, cop. in Nat. delin. ii. 6. 2, at p. 65. — Flunt. Evel. n8. — lark. 1404. 1.6. — Matth. 144, eop. iii Lob. obf. G07. I, which repr. in Ger. em. 1480. i, and cop. in Pari. iL a. blijters on the kavestuofruit. — Ger. 1297.A. — Trag. io'87. Thd common V. CHIVES, II. POiNtALS. The Jlowering-buds are beneath the leaf-buds, f/otcerr in very Ihort Lroad-topped fpikes. Bark of the tmnk cracked and wrinkled. Common Elm. Hedges. Not found to the north of Stamford. Ray. Evel‘< Bt. — [Moft plentiful in Worceflerfliire and Middlefex, which ' Irounties are beds of gravel and marie. St.] A decoction of the inrier bark drank freely has been known td harry off the water in dropfies. — It cures the Lepra iPfhj/oJis of Sau- L-agcs. Lettfom's Med. Mem. $ 3. — The bark dtied and ground to uoowder, has been mixed with meal in Norway to liiake bread,- an times of fcarcity. — ^The flowers have a violet fmell. — The wood ooeing hard and tough is ufed to make axle-trees, mill-wheels; ceels of boats, chairs, and coffins. — The tree is beautiful, and rfvcll adapted to make fhady walks, as it does not deftroy the grafs; rand its leaves are acceptable to Cows, Horfes, Goats, SKeep, und Swine; for this purpofe it fhould be grafted upon the C/.gMra; Lind then the roots will hot fend ouf fuckers; whi:ch the common klih is very apt to do, and give a great ddal of trouble to keep the ground clear of them. — It loves an open fituatioh, and a black ©r clayey foil. It bears to be tranfplanted. — Paptlio polychloros, and Zl. album; Phalcena lubricipeda, Pavonia betularia and vellica; Cimex 'lilmt and Jlriatus; Cicada ulmi; Aphis ulmi, feed upon it. The latter t^enerally curl up the leaves, fo as to make them a fecure fhelter ti^ihft the wdathdr. Linn. — -Silk-worms will devour the tender leaves with great avidity. Tranf. of Soc. of Arts ii. 157. Differs from * only in the fmiallnefs of all its parts. Ray. lelfe'f ' Nat. difpl. ii. 27. i, at p. 287. — Dod. 837, repr- in Ger. em. 1480. 2, and cop. in Park. 1404. 4, blijlers on the leaved from inJeSlSy no fruit. Between Chrifl Chufch knd Limrriington* Ray.— — [In Lord ©udley’s Woods, at Himley, Staffotdfhire. With.] Narrou! -leaved Elm. Leaves fmooth. Ger. em. Ray. 8fc. UGw. 1297. 2, cop. in. Ger.em. 1481. 4, which copJinPark. 1403. 3^ Witch Elm. — Road beyond Dartford, and near Rumford. Ray, tiand Ger.— [Two trees in hedge rows betweeh Stourbridge and ilAffcote. St.] U L'M ii S mohta'na. Leaves otloiig-egg-fhaped, doii- tVycfi Hdjei 'tbly ferrated, unequal at the bafe. Batk fmooth. Huds. xd. I. — T'hat of the trunk roughi St. Nat. dijpli ii. 27. 2, at p. 287. — Ger. em. 1481. 3; cop.in Park: 1404. 2. — (Ger. em. 1481. 4, appears tome rather a variety (f Ui campeftris.} S2 'tbt 26o •PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. j The hark will peel from the boughs for many feet without break- : ing. The houghs fpread themfelves wider, and hang more downi than thofe of the [/. campejlris. Leat)e5 and Jeec/i much -fargerj Johnson inGer.evi. St. — Trunk foon dividing into long widc- fp'reading winged branches; when at its full growth feldom riles’ to above one third of the height of theC/. campejlris. It flowers when, even under 30 feet high, while the U. cainpefiris feldom flow'ers till! it has gained a much greater age and height. Branches very brittle, j Clefts of the empalemenl 5, 6, and in one inllance 4 and 9. Chives 5 and 6. Suvmits 3. I am clearly of opinion that it is a diftindl' fpecics. St. Ulmus monlana. C. B. pin. - Wych Hafel. Broad-leaved Elm. ' Shady lanes, and outfkirts of woods. Ray. St. — If is certainly' a native. Light foot. — In Scotland, and the north of England,! It feems more peculiarly to prevail, from the fcarcity of the U. campejlris, which laft Linnaeus notes as growing near the villages' of Europe, whereas this fpecies is found in woods and brakes, as well as hedge rows. St. S. March. St. • , 351. SWER'TIA. Felwort. Em PAL. Cw/) with 5 divifions ; fiat; permanent. Segments. ' fpear-fnaped. Bloss. I petal. ‘Tube none. Border with 5 divifions. Segments fpear-fhaped ; larger, than the cup ; con- nefted by the claws. Honey-cups 10, confifling of 2 hollow dots in the inner fide of the bafe of each feg- ment, and, encompalfed with fmall upright briftles. Chives. ‘Threads 5; awl-hiaped; not quite upright; fhorter than the blolfom. Tips fixed fide-ways to the threads. , • Tomr.. Seed-hud oblong; egg-fliaped. Shaft none. Summits 2 ; fimple. S.Vess. Ctt/)/y/c cylindrical ; tapering at each end ; with I cell, and 2 valves. Seeds. Numerous; fmall. Ess. Char. Blofs. xvheel-fltaped . Honey-cup pores at the bafe of fhet fegments of the Llojs. Capf. of i cell, and 2 valve 's. marfh S W E R 'T I A peren'nis. Blolfom. with 5 clefts. Root- leaves oval. — . V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 261 Jacq. aujlr. iii. 243. — Clitf. i. 316. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 433. 5, and cop. in Barr, gi, and H. ox. yiii. 5. I't, Marih Gentian, Mountainous places in Wales. ' P, Aug. 35*2. GENTIA'NA. Gentian. £.m pal. Cup with 5 divifions ; fharp ; permanent. Segments oblong. , ‘ Bloss.-i tubular below ; tubeclofe; above cloven into 5 ; flat; flrrivelling ; and varioufly fhaped. Zh IV Es. ‘t/ireads ij ; awl-fliaped ; Ihorter than the blolfom. Ample. ’o I N T. oblong; cylindrical; as long asthe chives. Shafts none. Summits 2 ; egg-fhaped. ). Vess., Cap fule oblong; cylindrical; tapering; fligbtly cloven at the end ; of i cell, and 2 valves. >EEDs. Numerous; fmall. Receptacles 2 ; each growing lengthways to a valve. Ess. .Char. Blojfom of i petal. Capfule 2 'valves; i cell. Receptacles 2 ; longitudinal. •, '' Obs. The figure of the fruit is conftant; but the flowers vary n different fpecies, both as to the number and fhape of the parts. In one fpecies the throat of the bloflbm is open, In another It Is rlofed with foft hairs. In fome, the ferments of the bloffom are fringed; in others, the border is bell-fhapcd, upright, and plaited. Some have a ftarry appearance, with' fnlall fegments betwixt the larger; others are funnel-fhaped, fee. Linn. GENT lA'NA Pneumonan'the. Bloflbms with 5 clefts; marjk bell-lhaped; oppoAte; pn fruit-flalks. Leaves ftrap- ■ftiaped. — FI. dan. 269. — Gmel. iv. 51. A.—Mdtth. 646. — Cliif. i.'3i3, 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 166. 2, Ger. em. 438, and cop. in Park. 406. I, and H. ox. xli. 5. 12. — Ger. 355! — Barr. 51. i, and ac- cording to Hall. Barr. 52. r and 2. — J. B. iii. 524. -i. Blojfms blue. Calathian Violet. Moift paftures. [Stratton Heath, Norfolk. Mr. Crow’e.] GENTIA'NA Centau'rium. Bloflbm with 5 clefts, Centory funnel-fhaped. Stem forked. Pointal Ample, — Ckironia Centaurium, which fee. S3 GENTI- 362 gutuninql feld PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. GENTIA'NA Amarel'Ia. Bloflbm with 5 clefts, falver-fhaped ; month bearded. Linn. — Segments of tho empalement equal. Hall. Mr. Woodw. — Blojforu with fpmetmes 4 and 3 clefts. Retz. &c, fl. dan. 328. — Wale. — Cluf. i. 316. i, repr. in Ger. em. 437, and cop. in Park. 406. 3. — H. ox. xii. 5. 3. — Ger. 354. i. — Barr. 510. i.~y. jli. iii. 526. 2 and B, ib. 1, improved in Barr. 510. 2, feems to be a different plant. — Barr. 97. 2, is G. campejlris.j 60 nearly allied to G. campeftris, that it is fcarcely diftinguifha^ hie, except by the empalement, a 'll. -mLower flowers often with 4 divifions. Retz. Mr. Wooqw. Mr. Wood. St, In plants which had been bitten down and fhot up afrefh. Mr. Woodw, St. — And the empalement fometimes with only 3. St. — Stemfome- vyhat angular. Lower- branches not longer than the leaves; the upper in general much (horter. Leaves fpear-fhaped. Flowers in bunches, terminating the branches. Empalement, Jegments avil-{hzped. Mr, Woodward. — Bbfs. blue. Fe/toorL-T-Pyy pafture?. [Bopghton Heath, Huntingdonfhire; and Dunftable Hills, Mr. Woo diva ^D,-r- About Gordale, below the waterfall. Mr. Wood.] A* July. Aug. Sheep eat it. Horfes refufe it. 2, Bloflbms with 4 clefts. Mr. WooptvAjtD. St? Waje, named G. campejlris. GENTIA'l^A campefti'is. I^loffom with 4 clefts ; mouth bearded. Linn.— Empal. of 4 leaves, alternately larger. Reich. Mr. Woodw-. Mr. Wood. St. With. Fl. dan. 367, f but larger than it grows with us. Mr. Woodward. J — Barr. 97. 2. — H. ox, xii. 5. row 3. g.—fWalc. G, campejlris is G. amarella, variety 2.J Empalenient i leaf, but divided more than half way down ; the 2 outer oppofite fegments flat, upright, twice as broad as thofe between them, Chives 4. Very nearly allied to the G. amarella, Linn.— 5’fe^ nearly fquare, branched; branches longer than the leaves. Leaves fhorter, and not fo fharp-ppinted as in G. amarella. Flowers larger and more fcattered, Empal. leaves diftindl, or merely adhering at the bafe; the 2 outer egg-fpear-thaped; the inficr fpear- fhaped, fomewhat membranaceous, not morethap^th the breadth pf the outer. Blojs. fegjnents not fo much expanded as in G. ama- pella. Mr. Woodward. — .Stmfeored. Leaver fpear-egg-fhaped, pppofite, half embracing the ftem, with 3 ribs; the upper pairs .diftant; lower ones near together, and thofe near the root lying on ilhe grpund, Flowers folitary, Fruit-jlalks ftifF, flender, from the y. CHIVES, 11. POINTALS. i)ofom of the leaves, parallel to the ftem. Evipal, leaves fpear- laped, finely ferrated at the edge with white teeth. Blojs. tubular, Jonger than the cup, greenifh, and ribbed, but purple at the louth; fegmentshvuzd, fpear-fliaped, pointed, lined within with Tcales ending in long whitilh taper glandular hairs. CAiues covered hy the hairy fcales which clofe the mouth of the tube. Threads greenifh, fixed to the blofTom. Tips hrown, £)?{/? yellowifh green, leg^-fhapcd. Seed-bud above. Summits fpcar-fhaped, flat, lying iclofe to each other. Seeds in 4 longitudinal rows. Stevi upright. .fi/0/5. blue; terminating. fpear-fhaped, lying on the ground. With. Mountainous paffures. About Kendal. Rivand Mr. Woodw. — Llanberys, Wales, and Perian Round, Cornwall. Huns.-: — [Sea coaft, Chefhire. Stratton Heath, Norfolk. Mr. Cro\ve.. — Among the high rocks above the waterfall in Gordale. Mr, Wood.] — A. Apr. — June.RAv. — Aug. HuDs,:^Andin a garden in Odfober. "With. * Poor people fometimes ufe It Inftead of hops. G E N T I A'N A //i/or'mtV. BlofToms with 4 clefts, leajl not bearded. Stem thread-fhaped ; forked. — . FI. dan. 324. — Gifek. 64. — Faill. 6. 3. Blo/s. yellow, generally clofed; funnel-fhaped; on long fruit- ftalk’s. Chives 4. ^ezztory.—Marfhes in Cornwall. Near St. Ives. A. July. 354. ERYNG'IUM. Eryngo, Em PAL. Common Receptacle coniczl ; florets ftting ; fepa- rated by chaff. Fence of the receptacle flat ; of many leaves ; longer than the florets. Cup 5 leaves ; up- right ; fharp ; longer than the bloflom ; fitting on the feed-bud. Bloss. General; uniform; roundifh. F/oref; all fertile. Individuals of 5 oblong petals ; with the points bent inwards towards the bafe ; and contrafted by a line running lengthways. Threads ^ ; hair-like; ftraight ; longer than the florets. Tips oblong. Point. Seed-bud beneath; rough with hair. Shafts 2; thread-fhaped ; flraight ; as long as the chives. Summits Ample. ^ S. Vess. Fruit egg-fhaped; divifible into 2 parts. Seeds. Oblong; cylindrical. S 4 Ess, 2,63 264 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Ess. Char. Flowers in heads. Receptacle chaffy. Obs. In fome fpecies the feeds fall out of the feed-veffel; in others they continue inclofed within it. Jea. ERYNG'IUM marit'lmum. Root -leaves roundifh, plaited, thorny. Flowering heads on fruit-ftalks. Chaff with 3 points.— FI. dan, 8j 5.- — Blachw.2gy 1 and ii., — Matth. C80. — Cluj. ii. 159. 2, repr.inDod.j^o. i, Lob. obf. 490. i, Ger. em. ii62i 1, and cop. in Pet. 999. i, Park. 986. i, and H. ox. vii. 36. 6. — y. B. iii. a. 86. 2. Root-leaves, and lower-fiem-leaves with 3 clefts, on fruit-ftalks; the upper' emhTa.cmg the ftem. Leaf-Jlalks embracing the ftem. Mr, Woodward. St. — iSZo/^. whitilh, or blue. Sea Holly. — Sea fhore. [At Yarmouth. Mr. Woodw. — And on the fands at Hayle, Portawen, Portreath, and Penzance, Corn- wall. Mr. Wat-d.]. P. July. Aug. The leaves are fweetifh, with a light aromatic w'armth and pun- gency. The roots are fuppofed to have the fame aphrodifiac virr tues as the Orchis tribe. They are kept In the fhops, candied. The young flowering fhoots eaten like afparagus are very grateful and nourithing. common ERYN G'lUM campef'tre. Root-leaves embracing the ftem, winged, fpear-fhaped. — - Jacq. aujir. ii, i^^.—Fuchf. 296, cop. in J. B. iii. a. 85. — Matth 679. — FI. dan. ^^q-.—Blackw. 297, 2, ahead. — Ger. 999. 2. — Cluf. ii. 157. 2, repr.in Dod. 730. 2, Lob. obf. 490. 2, Ger. em. 1162. 2, and cop. in Park. 986, 2, and H. ox. vii. 36. row 2. n. i. f. 2. — Trag. 871 . — f Blackw, 297. i , is E. maritimum.) Fences fpear-fhaped, longer than the head. Go u an. — Root-leaves on leaf-ftalks ; upper-leaves embracing the ftem. Pollich. Mr. Woodward. St. — Lower-Jlem-leaves on leaf-ftalks. Root-leaves znd lower-Jlem-leaves doubly and trebly divided into winged clefts. Leqf- • Jlalkslong, fheathing the ftem at the bafe. Mr. Woodward. St, — Stem long, trailing, bearing numerous heads of flowers, Mr. Woodward. — Fencerkqves awl-fhaped. Mattusch. St. — Very entire, and toothed in the fame plant. Lower-leaves winged, the bafe of each pair of wings running down tlie leaf-ftalk almoft clofe to the infertion of the pair below it; a'm^iwith winged clefts; clefts cut, and toothed with thorny teeth. St. — Petals blue; fometimes white, oryellowifh. Eiryngiupi, Blackw. a Frew ;z. 297. St, Paftures V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 265 Failures on the fea coall, and at Brookhall, not far from Daventry, in Northamptonfhire. P. July. 'Aug. 355. HYDROCOT 'YLE. Pennywort. bundle fimple. 2 £mpal. F£7icp frequently of 4 leaves; fmall. Cz/J) hardly perceptible. ■Bloss. General; uniform in figure, but not in fituation. F/oretr all fertile. Individuals, of 5 petals; egg-fhaped; fharp; entire; expanding. Chives. ’Threads 5 ; awl-fhaped ; flaorter than the blofs. Tips very Irnall, Point. beneath ; upright; compreffed; round; the fruit-ftalks fixed to its centre. Shafts 2 ; awl- fhaped ; very fhort. Summits fimple. o. Vess. None. Fruit comprelfed ; round ; divifible crofs- wife into 2 parts. Seeds. 2 ; comprelfed ; in the fhape. of a half-moon. Ess. Char. Rundle Jimple. Fence of 4^ leaves. Petals entire. Seeds ^femi-circular; flatted. HYDROCOT'YLE vulga'ns. Leaves target-lliaped . marfk !Rundles of 5 flowers. — FI, dan. go. — Dod. 133. i, repr. in Lob. ohf. 209. 4, Ger. em. 529. 5, and cop. in Ger. 424. 3, Park. 1214, and Pet. 6. 12. Rundle fimple, proliferous^ from the centre. SA4fZ5diftant. Linn. — Leai/er fcolloped. Fruit-ftalks flender, much fhorter than the deaf-ftalks. Mr. Woodward. With.- — Fruit-ftalks naked. Mr. rWoo WARD. — Slemr creeping. LeavCi circular, fmooth. Leaf .ftalks Imooth, cylindrical. Fruit-ftalks from the bafe of the leaf- iftalks. Rundles, 2 on a fruit-ftalk, i fpringing out of the other, ■ each containing from 4 to 6 flowers. Flowers opening at different times. Pedicles fixed to the bafe of the feed-bud. Fence and petals reddifh white. Tips yellow. With._ Pennywort. White Rot. — Marfhy grounds. P. May. June. The farmers fuppofe it occafions the rot in Sheep. {Sec Pinguicula vulgaris. J 356. SAN I- '266 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. common 356. SANIC'ULA. Sanicle. with very few fpokes ; generally 4. Rundlets whh many fpokes crowded into heads. Em PAL. General Fence going half way round on the outer fide. Partial Fence going quite round ; fhorter than the florets. Cup fcarcely perceptible. Bloss. General; uniform. The in the centre bar- ren. Individuals, petals 5 ; comprelfed ; bent inwards fo as to clofe the flower. Chives. Fhreads 5 ; Ample ; upright ; twice as long as the petals. Fips roundifli. Point. Seed-bud henezth ; rough with fliff hairs. Shafts 2; awl-fhaped; refle6led. fharp. S. Vess, None. Fraif egg-flraped ; fharp; rough; divid- ing into 2. 3eeds. 2 ; Qoiivex anfl priclfly on i Aide ; flat on the other. Ess. Char. Rundles croivded, in a fort of heads. Fruit rough. Flowers of the centre barren. Obs. I do not regard this and the Hydrocotyle as true umbelli- ferous or rundled plants, but rather as forming the connecting link between d/lranha in the order Umbelliferce, zndPanax snd Aralia m the Hederacer..in Lob. ohf. i, Ger.em. 1050. i, and cop. in J. B. iii. 6. 84. 2, and ill cop. in Park. 906. 8. — Ger. 894. Stem nearly fmooth, round, fcored. with 2 pair of little-leaves; little-leaves hairy , on Icaf-flalks, the odd one at the end with 3 lobes ; thofe of the upper-leaves fpear or ftrap-fpear- fhaped, deeply ferrated. Florets tinged with purple. Seeds large, flat, with broad, raifed, notched edges. Mr. Woonw. — Which laft circumftance required that it fhould be kept diflineff from the other Englifh fpecies. Thefe Mr. Hudfon has accordingly very properly removed to the germs Caacefo. Mr. Woodward. St. Corn fields. On the banks of the road to Heddington about * .a mile from Oxford. Sherard in R. fyn. — [Shewn me growing near Oxford by Mr. Newberry, but not on the road to Hedding- ton. Mr. Woouvvard.} tSNTANDR DIGYNIA. hedge TORDYL'IUM Anthrif'cus. Rundles crowded^ Little-leaves egg-fpear-fliaped, with winged clefts. — Caucalis Anthrijcus. Huds. which fee. Stem rough, hairs pointed, llifF, prelTed back,- while thofe of the /pokes of the rundles are upright. General fence of feveral leaves, regular, fomelimes of i leaf; /eaVeilihIple. rough with hair; hairs purplifb. RUrldle fomewhat radiated. Rundlels, the florets of the centre with only chives. Blofs. not radiated, white,- red underneath. Linn. — Some florets without chives. Hall. knotted TORDYL'IUM nodo'fum. Rundles fimple, fittings The outer feeds rough. — .Caucalis nodofa. Huds. which fee. 36'2.- CAU'CALIS. Hensfoot. Rundie unequal ; of very feXv fpokes. Rundlets unequal with more fpokes ; the 5 outermofl of which are the longed. Em PAL. General Fence with the leaves undivided ; fhort j membranaceous at the edges; egg-fpear-fliaped ; equal in number to the fpokes of the ftindle. Partial Fence with leaves fimilar to the foregoing ; longer than the fp'okes ; generally 5 in number. Cup with 5 teeth, Handing out. Bloss. General ; irregular in its fliape, and unequal. Florets in the centre barren. Individuals in the centre, without pointals ; ftnall ; petals 5 ; equal ; heart- fhaped, but bent inwards ; in the circumference, with both chives and pointals. Petals 5 ; heart-fhaped; bent inwards ; the otitermofl: the lafgeft, andcloven^ Chives. ’Threads hairlike 5 in all the florets. Tips fmalL foiNT. Seed-izid beneath ; in the'florets of the circumfe- , rence oblorig and rough. Shafts 2 ; awl-fliaped. Sum- mits 2 : blunt ; e.xpanding. S. Vess. Fruit oblong-egg-fliaped ; fcored lengthways? rough with briftly hairs. Seeds. 2,- oblong; flat on i fide; cotivex on the other; armed with awl-fhap'ed prickles piaCed along the' fcores. Ess. Char. Bk/foms radiated; thofe in the centre zvith only chives. Petals racked, and bent inivards. Fruit rough with brijllesi Fences entire^ €AF'CALI5^ V. CHIVES, 11. POINTALS. CAU'CALIS daucoi'des. Ruhdles cloven into 5, fmall “af-lefs. Rundlets with 3 feeds, and 3 leaves. Linn. — ^ irickles of the feeds fmooth. S r.* auft. ii. 157. — H. ox. ix. 14. 6. — Fet. 27. 8. — J. B. lii. 6* 80. I. — Fork. 920. C. Stem very much ftraddiiug, fpreading, angular, fcored» rougli (■ith hair. Leaves thofe of the Daucus, but fewer. Fridl-Jlaiks mooth, very long. Rundle cloven into 3 or 5. Rundlets fitting,- ■Knerally 3. Fe7ice none.- Fencelets of 3 leaves. Florets equal, .•ot radiated, reddifh, moft of them barren. Linn. — Frail gene- ally 3 to each rundle, ftraddling, crowned with th^ cup, ob- ong, with prickles. Frickles hooked, at feme diftance froin each •thdr, fmooth. Linn. St. — Seeds large. Leaves finely divided. Iay. Mr. Wo of) ward. St. Leaves more than doubly com- .'■ound, extremely eldgant. General eind partial rundles with (ome- imes 4 fpokes. Partial fence of moftly 5 leaves. Little rundles with ometimes 4 and 2 feeds. Mr. Woodward.— C. dauccidesjp.pl. ppears to have been a diftindt plant from that of the fubfequent works, and it fhould feem a variety of C. grdndiflota. Stj Caucalis leptophylla. Huds. ed. I. i Fine-leaved Bajlard Farjley. Corn fields and barren fpots. [Marham, Norf. Mr. Csowf:. — Carlby between Stamford and Bourn. Mr. Woodward.] I CAU'CALIS lattfo'Ua. General rundle cloven into broad-leaved^ 3; the partial ones with 5 feeds. Leaves winged, fer- v rated. — ■ Jacq. hart. ii. 128. — Mill. 85, leaves not Jo well done as in thofe which follow. — Garid. 22, atp. 146. — H. ox. ix. 14. row i, middle figure. — f. B. iii. 6. 80. 2. — Fet. 27. 6.f — Park. 920, the 2 uppemioji of the fmaller figures atn. 6. y. Stem angular, and as is the whole plant and leaf ftalfcs, rough iwith flat prickles. Little-leaves fpenr-ihnped. Rundles with ^ znd ^ fpokes. Rundlets fitting. All the fences egg-fhaped, fkinny, as long as * Aculeii feminum lavibut. — Add to the charafler of C. ” Pricilft wf the feeds rough,” (aculeis feminum fcabris,) which circumdance appears to ifFord a more certain mark of diflindion than the fence or the fpokes of the rundle. For the C. daucoides has fometimes rundles with 5 rays, and a fence of i leaf ; and the fence of the C. leptophylla Is only generally wanting, and I have ? fpeciraen of it in which the rundles confift of 3 fpokes. St. I Pet. i-j, 7, Eebinopbora lacmiata, R.fyn. a 19^ may poflibly prove a. var.- •f it. St< 272 / PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. as the fpokes;* ihe. general one from 3 to 5 leavcs;the farttal of 5. Florets equal, white; many of them barren. Fruit 5 in each rund- let, rough with prickles; prickles very rough with minute refledled prickles. Linn. St. — Strig^, or Rrong fpear-fhaped briftles, point- \ing upwards. Little-leaves, the Wer almoft with winged clefts, the upper confluent with the mid-rib. Leqf-Jlalks memhransLceoua and fkinny atthe edge. Blofs. tinged with purple; outer peta/ larger than the reft. Mr. Woodward. St. , Corn fields. Crooks Eafton, Hampfhirc. Huds. — [Between Cambridge andGogmagog Hills. Mr. Woodward.] A. July. corn CAU'GALIS aiven'fs. General fence of i leaf. Rundle crowded. Seeds roundifh-egg-fliaped. Little- leaves egg-fpear-fliaped, with winged clefts. Branches ftraddling. Huds. Mr. Woodward. St. Jacq.auflr. ii. 46. — Fet. 27. 10. Stem about afoot, andfeldom, if ever, more than a cubit high; knots more frequent than in C. anthrijeus', and lefs hairy towards the root. Blojs. white, with a call of -yellow. Never found in hedges, and moftly in corn fields. Ray. St. — Branches numerous, alternate, very much ftraddling. .Seeds rough w’ith ftrong hair. Mr. \V ooDWARD.— Stem fmooth towards the root, above rough- ' ilh with minute fhort hairs, lying clofe to the ftem and branches. Branches more expanding than in C. anthrifeus, and fometimes flraddling. Rundle with 5, and fometimes 4 or 3 rays. Seeds, inner and outer alike; /w/rs bowed upwards, rough with minute points, and generally terminated by a hooked point. St. Scandix infejla, Linn, according to Jacq. Huds. and Roth. but not fo according to Reich. Chalky corn fields. Huds.— And in clay alfo. St. A. July. Aug. hedge CAU'CALIS AjtthriJ'cus. Fences cloven into many parts. Rundle crowded. Seeds oblong. Little-leaves egg-fhaped, with winged clefts. Branches upright. Huds. Lightfoot. Wiggers. Mr. Woodward. St. Jacq. avjlr. in. 261. — C.B.pr.80, cop. in Ger. em. 1022. 5, which cop. in Park. 921. g, and Fet. 27. B. iii. 6. 83. i , * • cop. in H. ox. ix. 14. 8. Stem, hairs white, fliort. Leaves hair)', with about 2 pair of leaflts; the terminating leafit very long. General fence , leaves , ftrat> \ * * General fence many times flwrter than the fpokes. S?. 273 V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. n-ap-fliaped, from 5 to 8, not half the length of the rundle. mdle, fpojces.8 to 10. Partial fevce, leaves fpear-fhaped, fur- wundlng, and of the length of the rundlet. Empalement, teeth jpering to a fine point, f/oref^ all fertile. With. Tordylium Anthrilcus. Linn, which fee. Hedge Parjley. Hedges. B. Aug. Horfes are extremely fond of it. • CAU'CALIS nodo'fa. Rundles fitting, at the knotted Clots of the ftem. Rays unequal. Scop. — Rundles late- tl, fimple, fitting. Huns. Mr. Woodw. St. — Rundles imetimes on Jkort fruit-Jlalks. Mr. Woodward. St. Jacq. aujlr. app. 24. — Ger. em. 1022. 6, cop. in H, ox. ix. 14. 10, and Pel, 27. n. — rj. B. iii. 6. 83, 2. i Leaves finely divided, with a flight hairinefs on each fide. /?im- Hioppofite to the leaves. The inner jeciij rough with wart-like' uints. Scop. St. — Refembling fhagreen. Mr. Woodw. St. — ^ole plant rigid. Hairs of the feeds ftraight to the point, rough iith minute prickles, pointing backwards. In a fpecimen from lontpelier all the feeds rough with ftrong hair. St. I Caucalis pumila fegetum Goodyero Ger. em. 1022. i Borders of corn fields. A. May. — ^July. CAU'CALIS Caro'ta. 'Crantz. — General fence of Carrot I veral leaves, with winged clefts. When out of flower ne fpokes of the rundles approaching. Leaves more aan doubly compound. Leaf-ftalks ftringy underneath. luDs. Mr. Woodward. — But the zmnged fence, as well i habit, confirm the arrangement of Linnaeus and Haller, ^ , Daucus CoTota, which fee. iol.,I. ■ T 364. DAU'CUS. ( PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 274 364. DAU'CUS. Carrot. Rundle of many fpokes ; flat while in flower, but when in fruit concave and approaching. Rundlets fimilar to the foregoing, Empal. General Fence of many leaves; as long as the ' rundle ; the leaves ftrap-fliaped, with winged clefts. Partial Fence more Ample; as long as the rundlet. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General, irregular in its fliape, and unequal. E/o- rets in the centre barren. Individuals, petals 5, heart- fhaped, bent inwards; the outermoft the largeft. Chives. Ftireads^; hair-like. Ample. Point. Seed-bud beneath; fmall. Shafts 2; reflefted. Summits blunt. S. Vess. None. iriuV egg-fhaped ; diviAble into 2 ; ge- nerally befet with inflexible hairs. Seeds. 2; fomewhat egg-fhaped; convex, and rough with hairs on one Ade ; flat on the other. Ess. Char. Blofom fomewhat radiated, all with chives and pointals. Fruit 7'ough with flrong hairs. Linn. — Flowers of the centre abortive. Reich, fyfl. pi. The winged ■ fence very juAily forms a part of the geiieric chara6ler. Hall. St. common • DAU'CUS Caro'ta. Seeds rough with flrong hairs. Leaf-flalks flringy underneath — Ludw. 9. — FI. dan. 723. — Blackw. 546. — Ger. 873, ripe nindles. , — Matth. 748, imitated by Dod. 679, repr. in Lob. obf. 416. 2, Cer. em. 1028, and cop. in Park. 902. r, in fruit. — Fuchf.' 684, diviftons of leaves too broad; ill cop. in J.B. iii. 6. 62, — H.ox. ix. 13. 2. — Trag. 440. Floivcrs in the circumference often barren, and often with only pointals; thofe of the centre with chives and pointals. Pollich. — The foret in the centre of the rundle often of a deep crimfon, and producing a feed to all appearance perfedl. St. in ed. i. — Petals white. 'Stems furrowed. Tough with hairs. Fencelets ftrap-fpear- fhaped. Rundle tvhen out of flower concave; fpokes 40. Rundlets, fpokes 30. Flowers white, thofe in the middle of the rundle fome- times purplifli. Relh. Caucalis Carota. Crantz. &c. which fee. Bird's Nejl. Meadows and paftures. B. June. — Aug. The' V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. The feeds have been fometimes ufed as diuretics and carmina- tives; and are highly recommended* in calculous complaints. With. — ‘An infulion of them has been found to afford relief in {harp fits of the gravel. Mr. Woodward. — It proved very bene- ficial in the cafe of a lady who paffed calculi of confiderable fize. St. 2. This in its cultivated ftate is the well known garden carrot, whofe roots are eaten either boiled or raw. When raw, they are given to children troubled with worms. They feem to pafs thro* moft people but little changed. With. — ‘On Avbich account I have employed them as a means of afeertaining the time which food takes to pafs through the tradl of the alimentary canal. St. — They are a grateful and nutritious food to all kinds of cattle, and well worthy of a more general cultivation for the purpofeof the farmer. ‘Crickets are very fond of them, and are eafily deftroyed by mak- ing a pafte of powdered arfenic, wheat meal, and feraped carrots, which muft be placed near their habitations. A poultice made of Jthe roots has been found to mitigate the pain, and abate the flench •of foul and cancerous ulcers. 3. Leaves of a dark green, gloffy. Sea fhore, near Dover. Rat, p. 218. n. 3. In a fpecimen from the coafl of Cornwall theJeafits are rerjiark- .ably broad, and but flightly cut. St. 366. BU'NIUM. Pignut. tRundle with fewer than 20 fpokes. Rundlets very fhort ; crowded. MPAL. General Fence of many ftrap-fhaped fhort leaves. Partial Fence briftly ; as long as the rundlet. Cup hardly difcemible. LOSS. Genera/, uniform. Horetr all fertile. Individuals; petals 5 ; equal ; heart-fhaped ; bent inwards. HIVES. Threads 5 ; fhorter than the petals. T'ips limple, oiNT. Seed-bud beneath ; oblong. Shafts 2 ; reflefted. Summits blunt. 5. Vess. None. Fruit egg-fhaped ; divifible into 2 parts. e^EDs. 2 ; egg-fhaped; convex on one fide; flat on the other. Ess. Char. Blojfom untformfi, Rundle croxvded. Fruit oval. BU'NIUM Bulhocaj'tanum. Sp. pi. and Syjl. ve^et. — greater "enceof many leaves. Syjl.pl. a Reich. — Leaves uniform. T 3 Fuiit 275 276 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Fruit nearly cylindrical, thicker towards the end. Shafts bent back, falling off. Gouan. — Stem thickening at the bafe. St. FI. dan. 220.* — Barr. 244.- 7)04?. 334. i, repr. in Lob. obj. 429. 2, ic. i. 745. I, Ger. em. 1064. 2, and cop. in Park. 893, Ger. 906. 1, H. ox. ix. 2. row 2, fg, 2d, n. i, and Pet. 25. g. — J. B. iii. 6. 30. — Ger. 906, 2. — Matih. 8C6, root and leaves. I infert thisfpecies on the authority of Ray; add to which, that Mr. Hudfon admits the. figures referred to by Linnaeus. St. Bunium minus. Gouan. illuftr. 10, as is evident from the general fence obfervable in the figures referred to by Linnaeus and C. B. — Bulbocajlanum alteruni cade frmiore. Barr. (St.) In a field between Hornfey Wood and Old Fall, near the foot- path. Martyn in R. fyn. ed. III. — [Worfbrough near Barnefley? Mr. E. CocKSHUT.] lejjfer B U'N I U M jlexuo'Jum, Stem at the bafe tapering downwards, and zigzag. St.J — Stem-leaves very narrow. General fence wanting. Fruit egg-fhaped, taper-pointed. Shafts permanent. Goua^^* — But fometimes a general fence of from 1/0 3 leaves. St. Curt. 4. 46. — Ger. em. 1064. i. — Tount. 161. 2. From the root, which groweth 4 or 5 inches deep in the earth, rifeth up a long, flender,^^ whitifli firing or Jlalk, not always flraight, but folding or emmpling itfelf to and fro unto the top of the ground, from whence it rifeth a little bigger. Park. St. — The greater and lejfer Bulbocajlanum appear to be diftindl fpecies. The lejfer is common, but the greater rare. Johnfon in his Ger. has well diftinguifhed them. Martyn in R. fyn. Root tuberous. Relh. — Root-leaves on long leaf-flalks, trebly winged, generally 3, appearing before the flem; little-leaves fpear-fhaped, limple, or cloven into 3. Stem-leaves doubly winged; little-leaves ftrap-fhaped, not wider than the mid-rib; fimple, or cloven into 3. Mr. W. — iS’tem fmooth, fcored, but little branched. Leaver doubly .winged; fegments very (lender, and tapering to a point. General fence fel- dom of more than i or 2 very (lender leaves, but in moft inftances altogether wanting, and after examining above 50. plants. growing, in different foils both in woods and open paftures, I could never find more than one with any general fence after the bloffoms were opened. ♦ Does not refemble our plant, being much branched, and the leaves dif- fering both in fhape and diviCon, Mr. Woodward. + Caule ball atteuuato flexuofo. St. V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 277 lopened. Rirliai/encemoftly fhorter than the rundlct, of 3 or 4 very fmall fpear-fhaped leaves. Rundle, fpokes 8 to 12. Rundlets^ jfpokes about 16. Petals fpear-fhaped, rolled inwards. T’hreads donger than the petals. Shajts, at firft clofe, afterwards ftraddlirig, ‘but never bent back. With. St. — bulbous. Petals white. Nitcula terrejlris minor. Park. — Buniiim majus. Gouan. illuftr. 10, fcan improper name, as the Bidbocajlamvi viajusfol. apii of C. B. is the B. Bulbocajlanum of Linnaus. St. • , Earth, Kipper, Pig, Hawk, or Jur-nut. Earth Chefnut. Meadows, paftures, orchards, and woods. P. May. June. The roots eaten either raw, boiled, or roafted, are very little ^inferior to Chefnuts, and would be an agreeable addition to our winter defcrts. With. 367. CO'NIUM. Hemlock. , Rundle of many fpokes ,* expanding. Rundlets the fame. ■ Em PAL. General Fence of many leaves ; very fhort ; une- qual. Partial Fence the fame. Cup hardly perceptible. ! Bloss. General, uniform. Individuals; petals 5 ; unequal ; heart-draped, but bent inwards. 1 Chives, 'threads^; fimple. Tif/jr roundifh. ! Point. beneath. Shafts 2; reflefted. Summits blunt . ‘ S. V ESS. None. Fruit nearly globular ; with 5 fcolloped ridges ; divifible into 2 parts. Seeds. 2; convex on one fide ; almoft hemifpherical fcored ; flat on the other fide. Ess. Char. Fencelets going half zmy round, generally of 3 leaves. Fruit nearly globular, xvith 5 fcores, notched on each fide. CO'NIUM macula! turn. Seeds fcored. — common Curt. i. j , feeds reprefented as fringed withjhort hairs. — Jacq. anjlr. ii. 1^6. — Storck, feeds not notched. — Gent. Mag. 1762. /i. 273. — C7a/. ii. ,200. 2, repr. in Dod. 461, Lob. obj. 422. i; ic. i. 732. I, Ger.em. 1061, andcop. in Park. 933. i. — H. ox. ix. 6. row 3. 1. — Blackw. 573. a. 6. — Fuchf. 406, cop. in J. B. iii. 6. 175.3. — Frag. 474. — Matth. 1098, pojjibly cop. in Ger. 903. I'. — Blackw. 4.51. Stems and branches fhining, fpotted and ftreaked with broivnifh i or blackifh purple. Partial fence of i leaf, divided into 3 and 4; , fegments at the edges white and membranaceous. Outer petals the Jargeft. Pela/s white. With. T3 Kex. 278 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Kex. — Hedges, orchards, rubbifh, cultivated ground, and dunghills. B. June, July, The whole plant is poiionous, and many Inftances are recorded of its deleterious effedls; but modern experience has proved it to be lefs virulent than was formerly imagined. Dr. Storck, of Vienna, was the firft who ventured to give it internally in confi- derable quantities, and from his account of its good effecfls in a variety of cafes, particularly in cancers and fchirrous tumours, it has been very generally employed in this kingdom. He diredb an extradl to be prepared from it by evaporating the exprelTed juice over the fire, and tlien adding a fufficient quantity of the powdered leaves to form it into pills. He generally gave from 2 to 12 grains fora dofe, but fome have taken it in much larger quantities. By the accounts from Vienna, the expedlations of the world were raifed to a very high pitch; and, as is then gene- rally the cafe, thefe expedlations have been difappointed; fo that after a very extenfive application of it for feveral years, It is now likely to be entirely dllregarded, as a. medicine of little or no ufe. Perhaps,, however, the truth will be found to lie in the medium between the two opinions. Many reafons may be affigned to fhew that it has yet undergone but art imperfedl trial; fome of which I fhall beg leave to mention. ift. The Wild Cicely, or Cpjsy Weed, has often been gathered inftead of the intended plant; and it is not improbable but other plants may have been likewife miftaken for it, for many of the Rundle-bearing or Umbelliferous Plants are fo much alike, that it re- quires more fkill in botany to diftinguifh them, than we can fuppofe the common colledtors of medicinal plants to poffefs. They know plants that they have been taught to colledl and to diftinguifh, but this was one that had never before been in re- queft. After fome time, however, the fpots upon the ftalks were pointed out as a criterion, and then there was lefs probabi- lity of miftakes. 2dly. The feafon of its higheft perfecftlon has never yet been fufRciently afeertained. Some fuppofe it ought to be gathered juft as Its blolToms open, others fay not till the feeds are forming; but even thefe fuppolitions have been too little attended to. 3dly. Perhaps the plants of this natural order have their pro- i perties more changed by foil and fituation, than thofe of any other j natural order; yet this circumftance has been entirely difregarded. 4thly. No vegetable that is ufed in medicine is more liable to ferment than this. I have feen it, when colledled in a bag, and, carried only two miles on horfcback, heat and ferment to fuch a degree, that the yield of extraeft was much lefs than ufual, and the properties of it greatly impaired, 279 V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 5thly. At its firft introduAion it was veiy common to take only the clearer part of the e.xpreffed juice, and to throw away the feculencies. Whenever this is done, the medicine is fpoiled. 6thly, Too little attention has been given to the degree of heat applied during the evaporation. Many things lofe their peculiar properties when expoied to more than the heat of boiling water, and others arc greatly changed even by that. Many reafons may be alledged to prove that Hemlock is one of thefe. When further experience has pointed out the beft feafon for gathering the plant, and in what foils and fituations it polfeffes the greateft virtues, I believe a medicine much more efficacious than that commonly ufed, maybe obtained by attending to the’ following direAions ; Let feveral people be employed to gather the plant, and as faft as it is cut, let others cany it in hand bafkets to the prefs; but it muft lie light and loofely in the bafkets. Let it be bruifed and the juice immediately fqueezed out; and as faft as it runs from the prefs, it muft be put over the fire, and boiled till three parts out of four of the whole liquor is wafted. Then it muft be put into a water bath, and evaporated to the confiftence of honey. If it be now taken and fpread thin upon a board or marble flab, and expofed to the fun and to the air, it will foon be of a proper confiftence to be formed into pills. From 5 to lo grains of this extraA is a proper dofe; few conftitutions will bear more without experiencing difagrceable cffeAs. Such a medicine as this, I believe, will be found an ufeful addition to our materia raedica : not that I have feen it cure can- cers either in an ulcerated ftate or otherwife, but I have never given it without a mitigation of pain, and an amendment of the difeharge. Dr. Fothergiil, in the 3d vol. of the Med. Obf. has given us a variety of cafes, to which I can with pleafure refer the reader, as they perfeAly cof'refpond with m'y own experience in a pretty extenfive hofpital pradlicc for feveral years paft. Dr. Butt/sr ufes it in the chincough; but I have had no opportunity of trying it in that difeafe. With. — An extraA prepared from the feeds is faid to be much more powerful than that from the juice of the giant, and to have done confiderable fervice in fome cancerous cafes at Edinburgh. See Med. Comm. i. p. 326. After all it may be faid, that it aAs merely as a narcotic, and only effeAs what fmall dofes of opium will do, in a lefs difagree- able manner. But till further experience gives a fanAion to this opinion it muft not be too haftily adopted; and if it fhould prove at laft that it is only a narcotic, furely there are many cafes in which a narcotic that does not occafion coftivenefs is preferable to one that does. With. T4 The 28o PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. The preceding diredlions were given in the firft edition of this work, and they are retained in this for the affiftance of thofe who may ftillwiflito adminifter the extradl; but fuch is the uncertainty of that' preparation, owing to the difficulty of making it, that I have now for fome years laid alide the ufe of it, and prefcribed only the powder of the dried leaves. Let the leaves be gathered about the end of June, when the plant is in flower. Pick off the little-leaves and throw away the leafftalks. Dry thefe felecled little-leaves in a hot fun, or on a tin dripping-pan or pewter difh before a ^re. Preferve them in bags made of ftrong brown paper, or powder them, and keep the powder in glafs vials, in a drawer, or fomething that will exclude the light, for the light foon diffi- pates the beautiful green colour, and with its colour, the medicine iofes its efficacy. From 15 to 25 grains of this powder may be taken twice or thrice a day. I have found it particularly ufeful in chronic rheumatifms, and alfo in many of thofe dieafes which are ufually fuppofed to arife from acrimony. The nature of this book does not allow of minute details of the virtues of plants, but I can aflure the medical pradlitioner that this is well wotth his attention. With. Sheep eat the leaves. Horfes, Cows, and Goats refufe them'. Linn. — A Horfe eat fome of the young leaves, but was rather indifferent to them. St. — Thrufhes feed upon the feeds. 368, SELI'NUM. Milkweed. Empal. General Ruiidle oi many fpokes, flat, expanding; the partial flmilar. General Fence, leaves feveral ; fpear-flrap-fhaped ; bent back ; the partial flmilar ; expanding; as long as the bloffom, Cup hardly dilcernible, Bloss. General, uniform. All the fertile. Indi- viduals, petals 5 ; heart firaped ; equal. Chives, Threads^; hair-like. Tii/u roundifh. Point, beneath. Shafts 2; bent back. Summits Ample. S. Vess. None. Fruit between compreffed and flat ; oval oblong ; fcored on each fide along the middle ; divi^ Able into 2. Seeds. 2; oval oblong; flat on each- fide; fcored along the middle ; edges membranaceous, Ess, V. CHIVES, 11. POINTALS. Ess. Char. Fruit oval ahlong; betvveen comprejfcd and flat; f coir d along the middle. Fence bent back. Petals heart-jhaped ; equal. SELI'NUM paluf'tre. Somewhat milky. Root maifli fingle. Linn. Huds. Cvkt. cat. — Shafts widely expand- ing. • Petals rolled in at the point.* St. Root often manifold. Hall. Mr. Woodward. St. Jacq. auftr. ii. 152.$ — Dod. 699, repr, in Ger. f m. 1020, and cop. iH Park. 928, and ill cop. in H. ox. ix. 17. 2, zcitk the ad- dition of feeds of the natural fize. — Lob. obf. 409. i ; ic. i. 71 1. ' 1, C. B.pr. 85, cop. in Park. 904. 6, in fruit, fences ivanting. — FI. dan. 412, fruit fmooth. — fCrantz.ni. 4. i, is jujily believed to EeS. Cantifolia. — FI. dan. 257, not the plant. — J. B. iii. 6. iSS", is a different plant.) Herb fomewhat milky. Stem moftly fingle, harder, deeply fcored. The terminating little-leaves elongated. Root hot in the mouth. , Linn. — ^The whole p/ant when wounded pouring forth a milky juice. Root thick, branching, yellowilh vvithout, white within. Stem upright, 2 and often 3 cubits high, deeply furitJwed, of a pleafant green, fmooth, reddifh at the bafe, ^ inch thick, hollow, knotty, forked. Leaves of a pleafant green, fmooth, triangular, in the more luxuriant plants upwards of a cubit long, and if feet or more in breadth ; the uppermoft fitting, trebly and quadruply winged, the laft leafits winged-cleft; wings with 2 01- 3 clefts, ftrap-fhaped, very entire, reddifh at the points. Rib fmooth. Sheaths im 00th, fcored. Fruit-Jlalks oi the rundles fcored, fmooth. Bundle \zrge, beautiful; fpokes about 30. Rundlets, fpokes up- wards of 40. Fence permanent; leaves fpear-fhaped, abo'ut g. fencelet about 12. 5eeis roundifh, blunt, edged with a kind of border, fcored in the centre, fmooth. Flovers about 2 lines in breadth. Peta/r blunt, with 2 flight lobes, white, before flower- in" reddifh on the outfide. Pollich, Mr. Woodward. St.-!- O Root fingle next the ftem, but then branched into numerous, thick, tapering divifions. Leaf Is, the extreme ones cloven into 3, and the middlemoft of thefe elongated. In the Lancafhire plants ftrap- fhaped, and but little broader than the rib. Bundle fpreading. Rundlets * Stylis patentifTiinij, corolluHs apice involutis. St. % Called by the author S.fylwjl. but it fhould reem from the fcored flem to be uS. palufirt. Reich. St. — Our plant exaiSly accords with the figure, as allb with Jfpecimens of the Auflrian plant given me by the Profeffor’s fon. St. t Referred by C. B. to 5. fylvefire, but the items are deferibed and figured Ibjr lod. as fcored, St, 282 , PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA Kundleis Mr. Woodward. St. — Leafits in the Norfolk plants fhorter, ftrap-fpear-fhaped, fpear-fhaped, and I’ometiines oval-fpcar-fhaped. Mr. Woodward. — Root when broken pour- ing out from feveral places a milky juice, of an aromatic flavour, fomewhat like that of Daucus Carota Jylveflris, with a degree of bitternefs, and when chewed fometimes attended with a conlider- ably pungent heat; brancfies horizontal. Whole p/'zntfmooth. St. — .S’tm 3 feet high , branched. Leai/w refembiing thofe of Daucus Carota. Rundks large. Blofs. white. Roots and feeds, particularly after feeding, of a very flrong but agreeable feent when bruifed. Mr. Hall. S. fublacl. leve, Cffc. Hall. n. 799. — S. Tyffelimm. Craniz. 170. — S. laciejeens, caule afpero, Gi'c. Hall. n. 800, Jhould Jeem to be the fame iL'ithii. jgg, if Crantz.’s obf. be well founded. St. Wild Parjley. Wild Milly Parjley. Park. Marlhes, near Doncafter. Tor ield in Hudfon. — [But a friend writes me from Doncafter, that the beft botanift in that neigh- bourhood is of opinion that it does not grow there, and that Mr. Tofield’s fpecimen came from a diftance. Mr. Wood. — Found in 1779 or 1780 by Mr. Seatle, at Cannon Winder, nearFlook- burgh, Lancafhire, in the ditches near the fand fide not very plentiful; and I have lince found it round the fides of Ayfide Tam, 3 miles north of Cartmell. Mr. Hall. — Brought to me and Mr. Crowe, when in Lancafhire in 1781, by the Rev. Mr. Jackfon. Mr. Woodward. — In Alder Swamps, near Yarmouth, Mr. WiGGERS.] 369. ATHAMAN'TA Spignel. ' Rundle of many fpokes ; expanding. Rundlets with fewer ' fpokes. Empal. Gfnera/ Fewre many ftrap-fliaped leaves ; a little fhorter than the fpokes. Partial Fence ftrap-fhaped ; as long as the fpokes. Cup not difcernible. Bloss. General, Uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals, petals 5; heart-hiaped ; bentinwards; nearlyequal. CniVES. Threads 5 ; hair-like ; as long as the petals. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud hene^ih. Shafts 2 ; diftant. 5um;72/Vj blunt. S. Vess. None. Frz//V oblongrcgg-fhaped ; fcored; divi- fible into 2 parts. JSeeds. 2 ; egg-fliaped ; convex and fcored on one fide, flat on the other. Ess. 283 V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. Ess. Char. Fruit egg-oblong ; /cored. Petals bent inwards ; nicked. ATHAMAN’TA Ubano'tis. Leaves doubly winged, mountain |iat. Rundles hemifpherical. Seeds hairy, — Jacg. aujlr. iv. 392 and 392,* cop. in Relh. at p. 113. — FI. dan. 754- — id. 6. 105. — Pluk. 173. i. — C. B. pr. 77. i. — In both the lajl the leaves are /imply winged with wing cle/t leaves ; but Gouan informs us, that from the /eeds of this he has rai/ed plants according with the Unncean charabler. Root defcending, bearded at the top. Stem about 2 feet high, with ftrongly marked angles; unequally furrowed; generally limple, and rather fmooth, fomewhat zigzag towards the top. Leafts wedge-like, remote, not tiled, with wing-like gafhes, fomewhat confluent; the pofterior and lower wings larger; all fmooth above, underneath pale, with the veins and edges juft fen- fibly hairy. Leqf-Jlalks fomewhat Hatted, and amongft the leafits channelled. The terminating rundle terminating, upright, on a furrowed fruit-ftalk, the whole whitlfh. Fence, leaves awl-fhaped, half as long as the rundle. Fencelets of many leaves. The upper- moft lateral rundles oppofite, fhorter, arifing from the bofora of a bellying membrane fimilar to the bafe of die other leaf-ftalks, but which here is leaf-lefs. lips, jhafts of the fruit, and receptacles of the flower purplifh. Li n;^'. — -Terminating rundle foraetimes pro- liferous, with the fpokes of the rundlets 2 inches long. Relh. — - The firft pair of wings (in the lower-leaves. St.) next the leaL ftalk placed crofs-wife. Hall. Mr. Woodward. — rLower-leaves almoft trebly winged, the wings being deeply wing-cleft. Mr. W, Daucus montanus, apii folio minor. C. B. pin. 150, prodr. 77, as given by Scop. — {And not Ubanotis apii folio minor. C, 6. 157, who ' refers to Lob. obf. 402. 3, which is a plant with the little-leaves merely /errated.) The fource of the above error may be feen from examining the fynonyms of the Fh fuec. St. Mountain Stone Parfley. — Chalk Pit Clofe, Hinton, Cambridgefh. Firft difcovered in Great-Britain by Mr. Relh an. P. Aug. Sept. Sheep and Swine eat it. Cows refufe it, A T H A M AN ' T A Oreo/eli'num. Leafits flraddling. — /raddleleav'd Jacq. aujlr. 80. — Clu/.ii. 195.2, repr. in Dod. 696, Lob. obf. 406. i; jc. 707. 2, Ger. em. 1015. — (Mr. Hud/on refers to J. B. iii. 6. 105, & Pluk, 173. I, but thefe according to Linnaus are his A. Libanotis.J egg-fhaped, pointed; re/ingi cut, notferrated. Partial leqfjlalks ftraddling and bowed. Linn, 284 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. common common Dry meadows and paftures. Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgefh. Ray and Huds. — No longer to be found there. Mr. Woodward. — Neither does Mr. Relhan notice it in his Flora cantab. St. — Between St. Alban’s and Stony Stratford. Huds. P. July. Aug. ATHAMAN'TA Me'um,- Leaves hair-like. Seeds fmooth, fcored. Sp. pi. Huds. yEthufa Meum, which fee. 370. PEUCED'ANU M. Sulphurvt^ort. Rundle of many very long, flender fpokes. Rundlets expanding. Em PAL. General Fence many leaves ; flrap-fliaped ; fmall ; refle6led. Partial Fence, flill fmaller. Cup with 5 teeth ; very fmall. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets in the centre barren. Individuals, petals 5 ; equal ; oblong ; entire ; bent inwards. Chives. 'Threads^; hair-like. Tips Point. Seed-hud beneath; oblong. Shafts 2; fmall. Summits blunt. S. Vess. None. Fruit egg-fliaped ; divifible into 2; Iciored on each fide ; encompaffed round by a mem- branaceous border. Seeds. 2; oblong-egg-fhaped ; compreffed ; . convex on one fide, and marked by three rifing ridges; bound round by a broad, flat membrane ; notched at the end. Ess. Char. Fruit egg-Jhaped; /cored on each fide; bordered xmth a membrane. Fences very'Jhort. PEUCED'ANU M ojtcina'le. Leaves 5 times di- vided into 3 ; thread-ftrap-fliaped — Fuchf. 599, cop. in. J, B. iii. 6. 36. 1. — Dod. 317, repr. in Lob. ic. i. 781, Ger.em. 1054. i, and cop. in Park. 880. 2. — Ger. 896. I. — Trag. 881. Petals yellowifh. • Sulphurwort. Hogs Fennel. Harejlrong. Salt marfhes. Shoreham, Suffex. Walton, near Harwick,- EflTex; and near Feverfham. R. lyn. — About Yarmouth and Clay, Norfolk. Huds. P. June. July. The roots have a ftrong fetid fmell, and an acrid, bitterifh, undluous lafte. Wounded in the fpring they yield a confiderable quantity 285 V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. quantity of yellow juice, which dries into a gummy relin and retains the ftrong Icent of the root. Its virtues have not yet been afcertained with any precifion. P E U C £ D ' A N U M mi'mis. Leaves winged ; leafits rock- with winged clefts; I'egments ftvap-fhaped, oppolite. Stem very much branched, open. Huns. ed. I. Linn. Pimpinella dioica, which fee. PEUCED’ANUM Sllau's. Leafits with winged meadoiv clefts; fegments oppofite. General fence of 2 leaves. Linn. — Frequently of one. Mr. .Woodward. St. — And vahen cidtivated of feveral. Retz. Jacq. aujlr. i. 15. — Crantz. umb. 6, repr. in aujlr. iii. 6. — Ger. 1047. I, cop. in Park. 4, andj. B. iii.' 6. 171. — Ger. 877. — Dod. 310. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 425. 4; ic. i. 738. i, Ger. em. 1048. 2, and cop. in Park. 904. 3. Fence, leaves ftrap-fhaped, brown at the point. Retz. obf. ii. 48. — Root-leaves on long, cylindrical, fcored, fmooth leaf-ftalks. Btem-leaues on fhorter leaf-ftalks, which are membranaceous at the bafe. Loner-leaves trebly compound; the little-leaves cloven into 2 or 3 fpear-lhaped fegments. Stems upright, cylindrical, fcored, fmooth, tinged with red above the root. General fence 2 little- leaves. Partial fence 12 fpear-fliaped leaves, deep purple or black, at the ends. of about 7 fpokes. Rundlets 12 to 20, and upwards. All the generally fertile, but fome of the central ones fometimes barren. Petals pointed, yellow. Threads long. Tips yellow. Seed-bud crowned with a glandular yellow recepta- cle, turning to a deep red as the feeds ripen. With. Meadow Saxifrage. ' Moiftifh meadows and pafturcs, P. Aug. A Horfe eat it. St. 371, CRITH'MUM. I a86 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 371. CRITH'MUM. Samphire. Rundle of many fpokes ; hemifpherical. Rmdlets the fame. Empal. General Fence many leaves; leaves fpear-fhaped ; » blunt ; refle6led. Partial Fence between fpear and ftrap-lhaped ; as long as the rundlet. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General, uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals, petals 5 ; egg-fhaped ; bent inwards ; nearly equal. Chives. “Threads ^ ; fimple ; longer than the petals. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud henezth. Shafts 2 ; refle6led. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. Fruit oval; comprelTed; divifible into 2. Seeds. 2 ; oval; flat; but fomewhat comprelfed ; fcored on one lide. Ess. Char. Fruit oval; comprejfed. Florets equal. ' rock CRITH'MUM marit'imum. Leafits flefliy, fpear- fhaped. — Jacq.kort. ii. 187. — Bod. 705. i, repr. in Lob. obj. 213. 2; ic. i. 392. 2, Ger. em. 533. i, and cop. in J. B. iii. 6. 194, and H. ox. ix. 7. row 1. 1. — Lon. i. 257, foliage.— Matth. 489, cop. in Ger./^'j. i.—(Fark. 1286. i, is not the plant.) Sea coaft. [On the chalk cliffs near the Needles in the Ille of Wight. St.-— On all the cliffs on the Cornifh coaft. Mr. Watt.) — Fields about Forth Gwylan, Caernarvonfhirc, covered with it. Penn. kPafej. ii. 200. P. Aug.' Poor people on the fea coaft eat it as a pot-herb, and gather it for fale, it being much ufed as a pickle. Sheep and Cows eagerly feed, and are faid to grow fat upon it, Penx. ib. I 375. HERA- 287 V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 375. HERACLE'UM. Hogweed. . Rundle very large ; confifting of numerous flat Rimdlets. ! Em PAL. General Fence many leaves; fhedding. Partial Fence going half way round on the outer lide; leaves from 3 to 7 ; between flrap and fpear-lhaped ; the outer longer. Cup juft perceptible, i Bloss. General, unequal ; irregular in its fhape. Florets nearly all fertile. Individuals of the centre; of 5 equal petals ; bent and hooked inwards ; notched at the end. Of the circumference ; of 5 unequal petals ; the outer petals largeft ; with the deepeft notches ; hooked ; oBlong. I Chives. Threads 5 ; longer than the petals. ‘Tips fmall. i Point. Seed-bud heiiezth ; fomewhat egg-(haped. Shafts 2; fhort; near together. Ample. : S. Vess. None. Fruit oval ; comprelfed ; notched ; fcored along the middle on each Ade. ! Seeds. 2; egg-fhaped ; comprelfed; with a leafy edge. £.ss. Chak. Fruit elliptical; nicked; comprejfed; fcored; with a border. BloJJ'om dffmilar ; nicked; bent in. Fence fhedding. Obs. In fome fpecies the florets in the circumference have only ■pointals without chives, and produce feeds; the central florets 'have chives without pointals, and are barren. In the H.Spho7idy‘ \i&im the florets have all chives and pointals. The general fence ids fometimes altogether wanting. In the two Britifh fpecies the E florets in the centre are compofed of unequal petalsaswell as thofe in the circumference. HERACLE'UM Spkondyl'iufn. LeaAts with winged Parfiiep, iclefts,* even. Flowers uniform. Linn. fyjl. veg. — Radi- cated. Syfl. nat. Huds. St. — And improperly changed in the '^errata and fubfeejuent works to uniform . St. Blackw. 5qo. — H. ox. ix. iC. row 1. i. f. 2. — Dod. 307, repr. m Lob. obf. /pi. 2; ic. i. 701.2, Ger. em. loog, and cop. in Park. 953, and Pet. 2/^. i. — Park. 954. 3. — Matlh.jgi. — Fuchf. 53, co[r. in J. B. iii. 6. 160. — Ti'ag. 437. h the 2 lajl the lower- leaves reprefented as only wing cleft. * " LoEvibu*” oppofed to “ rugofM” in iho H, aajiriaeum. St, Outer 88 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Outer petals of the drcumference 4 times as large; thofe of the centre nearly equal- HalL. St. — Stem-lemies winged, hairy; leafts about 2 pair, jagged, and indented, the odd one cloven into 3. Stem furrowed, rough with white hairs. Leqf-Jlalks fpreading out at the bafe into a kind of bags, fcored, membranaceous, woolly- at the edges, and in its younger ftate fheatbing and inclofing the fruit-ftalksand fundles. Florets of the centre with nearly equal petals. *Florets, particularly the outer ones, have a horned ap- pearance before they expand. Tips greenifh. Sumviits femi-tranf- parent. Seeds with 3 riling ridges on each fide; the leafy border often purplilh. With. Com Parfnep. Madnep. Hogiveed, in Norfolk. In Poland and Lithuania, the poor people prepare a liquor from the leaves and feeds; which undergoes a fermentation, and is drank inftead of ale. — The ftalks, when peeled, are eaten by the Kamfehatkians. The Ruffians take the leaf-ftalks of the root- leaves, peel them, and hang them in the fun to dry a little; then they tye them in little bundles, and hang them up again till they becomeyellow : In this ftate they put them into bags, and a mealy fubftance like fugar forms upon the furface of them. This they fhake off, and treat their guefts with it as a great delicacy. They likewife diftill an ardent fpirit from It. Gmelin. fibtr. i. p. 214. The peelings of the ftalks are acrid. — -The leaves are a favourite food of Rabbits and Hogs. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat them; but Horfes are not fond of them. Hedges, meadows, and paftures. B.July. ja gged /?. ( angujlifolium . Huns.) Little-leaves fpear-lhaped. St. Jacq.auJlr. 174.-* — Phtk.6^.^, cop. in Pet. 24. 2. — park. 954.2, a leaf. — (Barr. 56, feemsto approach more nearly to the common kind.) A mere variety. Ray. Hall. Mr. Woodward. St. — And different from the H. angttjHfol. Hall. — Flowers radiated. Hall. Huds. St. — But fermetimes, tho’ very rarely, uniform. Huds. Mr. Woodward. — On being cultivated in a garden became var. a. Hods. — I have found the root-leaves of this and of H. Sphondyl. rifing from the fame root. Leaves winged; wbigs with moftly 3 lobes; lower-lobes long, and Handing nearly at right angles give tlie crofs-like appearance; lobes j[lrap-fpear-fhaped, deeply and dou- bly fen-ated. Mr. Woodward. * This is H. longifoUum ofjAcQ,. in Syll, veg. but accords with Pluk. quoted by Linnseus and with my fpeciinens. St. s Sphondylhm V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. Sphmdylium majus. aiiud ladnialis foliis. Park.g^^. Ray fyn. 205. Hedges. About Ha refield. Blackst. — [Between Okeover and Alhbourne. St. — Berkhamltead, Hertfordfh. Mr..WooDWAKD.] B.July. 376. LIGUS'TICUM. Lovage. Rundle of many fpokes. Rundlets the fame. Em PAL. General Fence 7 unequal membranaceous leaves. Partial Fence of about 4 membranaceous leaves. Cup of 5 teeth ; but hardly perceptible. Bloss. General, uniforrh. /yore/ j‘ all fertile. Individuals, petals 5 ; equal; flat ; entire ; rolled inwards ; and keeled on the infide. 1 Chives. Threads^ ; hair-like; fhorter than the petals. Fips Ample. Point, beneath. Shafts 2; ftanding clofeTioge- ther. Summits {\mp\e, ' • : :.S. Vess. None. Fruit oblong ; angular; with 5 furrows ; divrfible into 2. i-Seeds. 2 ; oblong ; gloffy ; marked on one fide with 5 ^ ridges ; flat on the other. Ess. Char. Fruit oblong; with 5 furrozos on each Jide»^ Blojfom equal. Petals rolled in; enth'e. LIGUS'TICUM fco'ticum. Leaves doubly three- fcotch [Fold.— Penn. lour. ii. 24. alp. 205. — Herm. par. 227.— i7. dan. E07. — Pluk. g6. 2. — Pet. 26. 11. Leaves glofly underneath. Linn. Little-leaves ohlong-viedge- Tiaped, entire below, above irregularly ferrated, and fometimes eeply cut. Mr. Wo o d w a r u . Scottijh Sea Parfley. — Rocks and cliffs by the fea fide in Scotland «nd the Weftern Ifles. Near Queen’s Ferry. [Near Kinghom, >cotland. Mr. Whately.] B. July. It is much valued in the Ifie of Sky. The root is reckoned a good carminitive, and an infufion of the leave? a good purge for talycs. It is befides ufed as food, either as a fallad, or boiled as preens. Penn. tour. 1772. p. 310. Horfcs, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Cows refufc it. (*CuRT.) LIGUS'TICUM cornubien'fe. Leaves cornijh Roubly compound, cut ; root-leaves in threes, Ipear- liaped, very entire. — cVol. I. U Ray 289 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Ray 8. at p. 209. — Pci. 26. 2. Cornwall Saxifrage. In Cornwall. Only one fpecimen is known to exift. It has been fearched for in vain by many induftrious' botanifts, which has induced fome to believe that it is now extindl. S r. P. Jul)\ 377. ANGEL'ICA. Angelica. Rundle of many fpokes ; nearly globular. Rundlels exaSily globular. Empal. General Fence fmall ; 3 or 5 leaves. Partial Fence fmall; of 8 leaves. with 5 teeth; hardly difcernible, Bloss. General, uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals^ petals 5 ;' fpear-fhaped ; rather flat ; but a little bent .inwards; fhedding. Chives. ’’Threads 5 ; Ample ; longer than the petals. Tips Ample. Point. beneath. Shafts 2; bent back. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. iv'wV roundifh ; angular; folid ; divi- Able into 2. Seeds. 2 ; egg-fhaped; flat on one Ade and encompalfed with a border; on the other convex, and farrowed with 3 lines. Ess. Char. Fruit roundUh ; angular; folid; xnith the fhafts bent hack. Blojfoni equal; petals bowed inwards. Obs. In A. fylvejlris general fence often wanting. 'wild ANGEL'ICA fylvef'l?'is. LeaAts equal, egg-fpear- fhaped, ferrated. Ludw. iyS, ijg.-^Fuchf. 125, copi In Trag. /^22, andJ.B.iii. 6. 144. — Dod. 318. 2, repr.. in Ger. cm. 999. 2.—Ger. 846. 2. — MattJi. 1171. — H. ox. ix. 3. row 2. 2.-^park. 040. 2.-^ \ Loi\.X. 22']. 2i Spokes to 40,. Fruit-Jlalks. to 80. Petals nearly equal, egg-fhaped, pointed. I'm’/ with 4 wings and 3 fcores on each fide. Shafts white, and as the receptacle, at length red.. Seed, edge red. Relh. — Stem fmoQth. Leaf-Jlalks channelled on the upper furfacc, below widening into a large membranaceous fhcath incloAng the ftem, Fndl-jlalks rifing frorn the fheaths of the leaf-dlalks. Leafts, ferratures ending in a fharp reddiih point. Rundlels fomewhat flatted. General Fence none, or fometimes, though rarely, of i or V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. tor 2 very fmally /lender leaves. . Fencelets permanent; leaves 5 to 112, awl-fhapedj unequal. Blojs. white, more or lefs tinged Avilh purplilh red. Seeds, border membranaceous, with 3 ridges on die outer iide. With. Marfliy woods and hedges. P. June. July. It is warm, acrid, bitter, and aromatic; but the fpecies cul-^ ivated in our gardens poffeffing thefe properties in a higher de- gree, this has been long negledled. — Papilio machaon feeds upon it. Cows, Goats, and Swine eat it. Horfcs refufe it. Linn.— Horle eat the flowering fcem. St. 378. SI'UM, Skerret, Uundle different in different fpecles. Rundtets flat and expanding. MPAL. General Fence manyreflefted leaves ; fhorter than the mndle ; leaves fpear-fhaped. Partial Fence many leaves; ftrap-fhaped ; finall. C«^ hardly perceptible. Jloss. Generali uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals, petals 5 ; equal ; heart-fhaped ; bent inwards. hives. ‘Threads 5 ; fimple. Tips Ample. '^oiNT. Seed-bud beneath; veryfmall. Shafts 1 ; refle6led« Summits blunt. 3. Vess. None. /tihV roundifli ; egg-fhaped; fcored; fmall ; divifible into 2. Seeds. 2 ; nearly egg-fhaped; convex and fCored on one fide ; flat on the other. Ess. Char. Fruit fomavkat egg-fhaped ; fcored » Fence of feveral leaves. Petals heart-fhaped. Obs. In 5. nodiflorum the general fence often wanting. SI'UM latijo'lium^ Leaves winged. Rundle termh sating. Linn. — Little-leaves oblong-fpear-fliaped, fer- ated. Rundles terminating. Huds. Jacq. aujlr. i. 66. — FI. dan. 246, leaves and flowers. — Dod. 589,* repr. in Cer. em. 256. 2, cop. in H. ox. ix, 5. 2, arid Pet. 26. 2. — Get. 200. I, cop.inGer. em. 25C. 1, Park. 1240. 1, f. 1j. iii. 6, 175. I, and H. ox. ix. 5. row 2. i. — Ger. 200. 3, cop. in J. B. iii. 6. i74.f — Pet. 26. i. — (facq. ib. Cjireferred to by Murr. is mofl undoubtedly S. arigujlifol. asjacq. has made it.) 2gi hroad-Uaved •f Referred to by Lintiaeui, and exaftly refembles this plant as growing ■ild, though tJje otlier figures are the bed teprefeniaiion of.ii as cultivated, St. U a Leaflts 292 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Le^7^^5 fharply ferrated. Hall. Mr. Woodward. — Leaf ts of the root-leaves in marfhy places fometimes deeply cut, and the feg- ments of fuch as are under water ftrap-fliaped. Huds. — Stem up- right, 5 ft. high, angular, fcored, hollow, branching; branches afcending. Leafls oppofite, ftrap-egg-fhaped, ferrated, unequal at the bafe, pointed, the outermoft with 3 lobes; the lateral lobes running into one. Rundle hemifpherical, uniform. Fence, znd fencelets, leaves unequal, ftrap-fhaped, fomewhat toothed. Tt/'5 purplifh. Lyons. — Leaves of the general fence ftrap-fpear- fhaped, toothed. Mr. Woodward.- — ferrated. Pe/ais white. Great Water Parfnep. Rivers and fens. [In the Moors, near Pitchcroft, Worcefter. Dr. Thomson jun. — Norfolk, frequent. Mr. Woodward. — IfleofEly. St.] P. July. Aug. Horfes and Swine eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. The roots are noxious to cattle. fictrrowleaved S I ' U M anguflifu'llum. Linn.* — Leaves winged. Leafits heart-fhaped, lobed, unequally lerrated. Rundles on fruit-ftalks oppofite the leaves, and terminating. Huds. — Little-leaves unequal at the bafe, and the bafe of the upper margin being liolloived^out, gives many of them the appearance of half-heart-Jhaped ; and thofe of the upper-leaves fpear-Jhaped. St. facq. aufr. i. 67. — FL dan. 247, leaves and flowers. — Park. 1241. 2. — ( Ger. 200. 3, cop. in J. B. iii. 6. 174, is S. latfolium, as , ' is evident from its terminating rundles ; as is alfo Ger. em. 256. 2, as appears from the regular and even ferratures of the leaves. — Jacq. ib. 66, referred to by Murr. is mofl undoubtedly S. latfol.J General fence, leaves entire, ferrated, and alfo with winged clefts. Huds. Mr. Woodw. St. — Partial fence, leaves jagged, as long as the rays. Mr. Woodw. — And in other plants fpear- Ihaped, 'entire. St. . Upright Water Parfnep. Ditches and rivulets. [Norfolk. Mr. Woodward. — Kingfton Pool, near Stafford. St. With.] P, June. July. It certainly pofTeffes adtive properties that ought to be enquired into. Creeping SI'UM nodtjlo'rum. Leaves winged. Rundles from the bofom of the leaves, fitting. Linn. — Nearly fitting, from the fides of the ftem. Stem trailing. Sr.t * The Linnaean charafterwas adoped from Hudfon, who has fince correfled it as above. — Foliolis incifo-ferratht umbtllh oppoJitifoUit. St. t Foliis pinnatis, umbellis lateralibus fubfellilibus, caule procumbente. St. Tourn. 293 V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. Toum. 162, a leaf. — H. ox. ix. 5. 3, cop. in Pet. 26.3. — (FI. dan. 247, US. angujlifolium.j General fence often wanting. Linn. St. — Stems creeping. Run-' tilex, fpokes 8 or 9. Petals entire, egg-fhaped, flightly bent in, L he outermoft in the florets of the circumference larger. Fence falling off before flowering. Fencelets, leaves 7. Relh. — Partial fence, leaves oval, entire, membranaceous at the edge. Mr. W. DT. — Little -leaves, ferratures even and fhallow. Retz. St. — Egg- Ih^ped, pointed, and fometimes oval and rounded at the end. St. — Rundles, fome of them oppofite the leaves. Gouan. — Never nppofite the leaves. Retz. — But in all thefpecimens of our her- bariums they are uniformly oppofite the leaves. In Hems indeed not yet fully expanded rundles will appear proceeding from the ■jofom of the leaves, but on exathination fuch will be found to rife from a yourig branch furnilhed alfo with leaves, and oppofite CO the bafe of one of thefe leaves the fhort fruit-ftalk of the rundle Lvill be found to proceed. St. — Stem fcored, angular. Lower-leaves k.vith 2, the upper with i pair of leafits. Leafts fitting. Rundles nearly fitting. General fence none. Partial fence of 5 or 6 fpear- Tiaped leaves, bent back. Petals vjhite. WiTit. Creeping Water Parfnep. In rivers and ditches. P. July. Aug. A young lady 6 years old was cured of an obftinate cutaneous difeafe, by taking 3 large fpoonfuls of the juice twice a day; and I have repeatedly given to adults 3 or 4 ounces every morning in Emilar complaints, with the greateft advantage. It is not naufe- ous, and children take it readily if mixed with milk. In the dofes E have given it,’ it neither afiedls the head, the ftomach, nor the bowels. With. S I 'U M/nant/aVum. WiGG*— Creeping. Rundles with kajl 12 fpokes. St. Sifon inundatuMt which fee. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 379. S I ' S O N, Honewort, (Petiv.) Pundle unequal ; with fewer than 6 fpokes. Rundlets un* equal; with fewer than 10 fpokes. Emp4L. Genn-al Fence 4\ez\xs; unequal. Partial Fence the fame. Cup hardly perceptible, Bloss. General, uniform. Florets all fertile. Individuals, equal ; of 5 petals ; fpear-lhaped ; flat ; but a little bent inwards, CnivES. Threads 5 ; hair-like ; as long as the petals. Tips fimple. Point, Seed-bud henezih ; nearly egg-fhaped. Shafts 2; refle6led. Summits blunt. S.Vess. None. Fruit egg-fhaped; fcored; divifible into 2. Seeds. 2 ; egg-fhaped ; convex and fcored on one fide ; flat on the other. Ess. Char. Fruit egg-fhaped ; fcored, Fence of generally 4 leaves, SI'S ON Amo'mum. Leaves winged. Bundles up- right.— Jaetj. hort. ill. 17. — Blachw. 442.^— J. 5. iii. 6. 107. — Fuchf. 655, .. ' cop. inTrag. 461, and Dod. 697, i, which repr. in Ger. em. 1016. i; and again cop. in Park. 914. i, and H. ox. ix. 5. 7. Slejii thread-fhaped, upright, fepred, fmooth. Lcauei winged; leafils egg-fliaped, cut, ferrated, but the upperraofl: more finely di- vided. Rundle of 4 fpokes, the 4th in the centre. Fence of 3 leaves. Fencelets of 5 leaves, very fmall. Linn. — Root-leaves of feveral pair of little-leaves, the terminating one cloven into 3. Stem-leaves from 2 to 3 pair; upper leaves of 2 pair, deeply and irregularly cut, the lowermoft pair winged, and much longer. General zoA pflrtwZ ranrf/er nodding before flowering. Mr. Woodward. St.l Littledeaves with generally a lobcrlike gafh on each fide below the middle. General rundle , rays toy. General fenee often of 4 leaves, St. — Rundles terminating. Petals white. Bajlard Stone Parjley. Moift Woods and hedges. P. Aug. Sept. The feeds are a mild w'arm aromatic. They give out their virr tues to redlified fpirit, and tinge it green. S I'S O N fe'getum, winged. Bundles nod-. £lirig,-.=r ' . , V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 2 Jacq. il. 134. — Ger. em. 1018, cop. inPark. .932, and H. ox. ix, 5. row 2.6. All the leaves with numerous pairs of little-leaves. Rundle, fpdkes 3 to 5, very unequal. Rundlet, fpokesdory, very unequal. Mr. Woo DWARD. St. — Stem fea-green. Branches vvide-lpreading. -Hall. St. — Little-leaves egg-ih^ped, deeply cut and ferrated; fer- ratures very finely pointed. St. Corn Parjley. Corn fields and hedge fides in chalk and clay. {Bjnham, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe,] B. Linn.^A.'Huds. — July. S I'S ON innn^a'him. Creeping. Rundles of 2 fpokes. Linn. — Sometimes bearing only a Gngle rundle. Mr. "Woodward. St. FI. dan. 8g. — H, ox. ix. 5. 5, cop. in Pet. 26. 4. — Pluk. 61. 3. The fmalleft of the umbelliferous plants that I am hitherto ac- quainted with. Linn. — The /eauei which grow under water hair- like, thofe above the furface winged. Royen. — Fence wanting. Re EH. St. Upper-leaves with from 2 to 3 pair of little-leaves; Utile-leaves cloven into 3. Mr. Woodw. — But in my fpecimens all the little-leaves jagged as in the figure of Rluk. St. — Rundles on long fruit-ftalks. Hall. Mr. Woodward. St. — Half as long, and fometimes longer than the leaves, oppofite the infertion pf the leaves, though included wdthjn their fheathingleaf-ftalk. General fence, none in my fpecimens or the figures. Rundlets on fruit- ftalks fometimes twice as long as the rundle. ST.-r-Sometimes fitting, of few Howers. Mr. Woodward. , Leajl i'Vater Parfnep. In ditches, pools, and ground fubjetft to be overflowed. [Near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodw. — Sides pf rivulets on Malvern Chace, Worcefterftiire. Mr. Ballard.] SI'S ON verticiUa'tum. Leafits in whorls, hair-like.— whorled R^^htf. 35, at p. 1096. — [Moris, unib. t. 6. Lightfoot qnd Mr. IVoodward.] — H. ox. ix. 7. 10. Leaves, each of the whorls confifts of 2 oppofite little-leaves deeply divided into hair-like fegments. Rundles, rays 8 to 10.. Lightf. St. Meadows and paftures. On the Weftern Side of Wales and Scotland, P* Aug. U4 382. OENAN'THE, PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 296 382, OENAN'THE. Dropwort. Randle with few fpokes. Rundleis with many very fliort fpokes. Empal. General Epnrpmany leaves ; fimple ; fliorter than the rundle. Partial Fence many leaves ; fmall. Cup with 5 awl-fliaped teeth ; permanent. Bloss. ■ Genera/,- of different fhaped florets; radiated. Florets in the circumference ban'en. Individuals; in the centre fertile^; petals 5 ; nearly equal ; heart- fhaped, br;t bent inwards ; in the circumference, with 5 petals ; large ; unequal ; bent inwards ; cloven. Chives. Fhreads ^y; fimple. round! fir. Point. Seed-tnd beneath. Shafts 2 ; awl-fliaped ; per- manent. Summits blunt. S. Vess. None. Fra/t nearly egg-fhaped ; crowned with the cup ; divifible into 2 parts. Seeds. 2; fomewhat egg-fhaped ; convex on one fide ; fcored ; flat on the other ; toothed at the point. Ess. Char. Florets of different Jhapes; thofe of the centre fitting barren. Fruit crowned zaith the empal. and pointal. Obs, In this genus the cup is more evident than in the other plants of the umbelliferous tribe, and in fome of the fpecies the ge- neral fence is often wanting. water OENAN'THE ffulo'fa. Sending forth fuckers. Stem-leaves winged ; thread-fhaped ; hollow. — FI. dan. 846. — Lob. ic. i. 732. 2, rcpr. in Ger. cm. 1060; cop. in Park. 1233. i, and Pet. 25. 5. — J. B. iii. 6. 192. — Gcr. 902. 5. General Fence 'NaxiXXng. Linn. Or as fometiraes of i leaf. Relh. St. — General rundle, fpokes from 2 to 7. Pollich. Relh. St. — To 8. In fome fituations it acquires the habit of O.pimpi- nelloides, but the abfence of the general fence affords a ready mark of diftindlion. St. — Foot tuberous. Stem angular , i§ foot high^ red below. Lem/ej winged; ftrap-fhaped; root-leaves, wings 3-fingered. Fencelets compaA. £?H/iah with 5 clefts. Lyons. — The firft rundle is 'cloven into 3 parts; the others into many; fo that the plant changes its appearance conliderably in the courfe of the fummer. Petals while. Ponds and ditches, frequent. P. July. CoAvs and Horfes refufe it, though from experiments made on purpofe, it docs not appear to be iii the leaft degree noxious to the former. i3. Jeflpr, 297 V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 0. lefler. Ray. Huds Dod. 590, repr. in Lob. obf. 421 ; j'c. i. 732. i ; and cop. in Park. 1233. 2,H. 0.x. ix. 7. 8, and Pet. 25. 6. — (Matth. 86g, cannot be the plant. J OENAN'THE croca'ta. All the leaves with many Hemlock clefts, blunt, nearly equal. — Phil, trail/, abr. x. 23, at p. 772, cop. in Blackul. 575, and Gent. Mag. 1747. xvn.atp. 322. — Jacq. bort. iii. 55. — Pet. 25. 7. — H. ox. ix. 7. row 2. 2. — Lob. adv. 3-20. 2, cop. in ic. i. 730. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1059. 4, Park. 894. 6, and J. B. iii. 6. 193. 2. Stem yellowifh red. Leaves, feme winged; but more doubly- winged. The iiVf/e-feauei wedge-fhaped, fmooth, ftreaked, jagged at the edges. Fmit-Jlalks augiihr, fcored. General Fence wznting. . Pelah white, lharp, bent inwards. Tipshrown. Linn. — Sfm and leaves quite hair-lefs. Bundles nearly globular. Tips mulberry- coloured. Shaft fometimes reddifh. General Bloffbm not very un- I equal. With. Dead Tongue. Watery places, banks of rivers and ditches. [Meadows, near i Hanley Hall, Worcefterlhire. Mr. Ballard.] P. June. July. The whole of this plant is poifonous; and Dr. Poultney re- : marks, that the root is the moft virulent of all the vegetable poi- I fons that G. Brit, produces. Many inftances of its fatal effedls are I recorded; for which fee Phil. Trail/, ib. and vol. i. p. 856; Gent. .Mag. July 1747, March 1755, and Sept. 1758. — An infulion of ! the leaves, or 3 tea-fpoojifuls of the juice of the root taken every ; morning, elfeAed a cure in a very ‘obftinate cutaneous difeafe; : but not without occafiorung very great difturbances in the confti- itution. Phil. Tran/. Ixii. p. 469. Sheep eat it. Cows and Horfes refufe it. OENAN'THE plmpinelloi'des. Lealits of the root- Parjley j ; leaves wedge-fhaped, cloven ; thofe of the ftem entire, rftrap-fhaped, very long, undivided. — Jacq. aujlr. iv. 394. — Matth. 867, cop. in Ger. 901, and/. B. iii. 6. 191. I. — Pet. ii. 25. 8. — (J. B. ib. 2, and Pluk. 49. 4, are the figures referred to by Ray and Hud/on, but Linnaeus ob/erves that that of Pluk. is a bad one. Trew in Blackzv. refers it to 0. crocata, but the points ofi the leaves are Jharp.j Stem angular, 6 inches high. Root-leaves like thofe of parfley, but thicker, doubly winged, broad; leafits cut. Stem-leaves lefs •compound, fcarcely doubly winged; leafits ftrap-fhaped, chan- nelled, very long. Rwnclle unequal. Fence, general d.Tidi partial, awl- briftlcr Sf)8 ivatcr PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. briftle-fhaped. white, fomewhat radiated. Linn. — Rundkt, outer rays very long, and their florets barren. Hall. Mr. W, ^ teeth unequal, - Tips yellow. Shcfts upright. With, Slow ftreams, ponds, and ditches. [Marfhes, near Yarmouth. Mr. Woodward. — North Side of Bredgn Hill, Worcefterfhire. J3y the fides of Hill?. Nash.] P. July. Aug. 383. PHELLAN'DRIUM. Horfebane. Riimile with many fpokes. Rundlets the fame. General Fence none. Em PAL. Partial Fence 7 leaves ; fliarp; as long as the rundlet. Cup of 5 teeth ; permanent. Bloss. General, nearly uniform. F/oretr all fertile. In=- dividuals ; unequal ; petals 5 ; tapering ; heart-fhaped ; bent inwards. Chives. Threads 5; hair-like, longer than the petals. Tips roundifli. Point. beneath. Shafts 2 ; awl-fhaped ; upright ; permanent. Summits blunt. S. Vess. None. Fruit egg-fliaped; fmooth ; crorvned with the cup and fhafts ; divifible into 2 parts. Seeds. 2; egg-fliaped ; fmooth. Ess. Char. Florets of the centre lefs. Fruit egg-jhaped ; even; crowned with the cup and Jhafts, PHELLAN'DRIUM aquat'lcum. Ramifications ■ of the leaves flraddling. — PAachw. 570. — I'Jod. 591, repr. in Lob. ohf. 424. i, ic. i. 735. i, Cer. em. 1063, and cop. in Pai'k. 033. 6, and Pet. 28. 4. — H. ox. ix. 7. row I. 7. — Ger. 905. Leaves under the furface of the water long and hair-like. Mr, Woodward. — S/em very thick; hollow, fcored. fb| Curt. i. 6. — Ger. em. 1061. i, cop. in Park. 933.2, andPet. 28. i 3, rtmdle but jujl infolded. — Blackw. 517, fences too Ihort. — H. ' ox. ix. 7. n, 2, fg. ijl. — fjr. B. iii. 6. 180, feems to be a df I ferent plant. — Gcr. 905. i, not the plant. J At S fool's V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. At once diftinguifhed by its fencelets. Relh. — Stem flightly fur- rowed. Leaves doubly winged; Icafts divided into 3 fegments, which are again deeply cloven into 3 or 5. Rimdle, fpokes often id or more. With. — item branched. Leavej fmooth, glofly. Petals whitifh. Seeds very large. Fool's Parjley. Le^er Hemlock. Corn fields, and kitchen gardens. A. Aug. Sept. This plant, from its refemblance to common parlley, has fome- times been miftaken for it, and when eaten it occafions ficknefs. If the curled-leaved parfley only was cultivated in our gardens, no fuch miftakes would happen. Cows, Horfes, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. It is noxious to Geefc. ' THU'S A Me' urn. All the leaves divided into Spigncl many briftle-fhaped fegments. — Ltidw. 66, as cultivated. — Jacq. aujir. iv. 303, as growing wild. — Cluf. ii. igS, 2, repr. in Dod. 305, Lob. obj. 449. 2, ic. i. 777. I, Ger. em. 1052. i, and cop. in Park. 888. i. — H. ox. ix. 2. row I. fg. 2. — Blackw. 525. — Matth. 24, cop. in Ger. 895. — Toum. 165, leaf and parts til. ie of the outcrilorets f)f eru !i rur.divt fomewhat inverfely heart- fhapci', and huger. C jet. — A'lVt.MVe.f wlicn in bloffom convc-x, in fruit if ;. t. St. — Floteers hi the centre cf each rundlet often barren. In- JKT petals gradualiy fmaik*)-. Suefis fcarceiy rifing above the furface of the rcreptr.cle while lit bloR'oro, when in fruit expanding. St. Joints V. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. /.Joints of the Jlem, leaf-Jlalks, and fencelets fometimes with a pur- plKh tinge. 5^^ permanent. With- Wild Cicely. Cow-^weed. Cow Parjley. Hedges, orchards, and pa/lures. P. Linn. Crantz. Curt* A. Hups, Apr. May. June. The roots eaten as parfneps have been found poifonous. The Tundles afford an indifferent yellow dye; the leaves and ftems a ^aeautifui green. Its prefence indicates a fruitful foil. ; Neither Horfes, Sheep, or Goats are fond of it. Cows and Swine refufe it. Linn. — Ahorfe eat the young leaves. St. — Cows and Rabbits are fond of it. In fome parts of the kingdom, in i imesof fcarcity, it is ufed as a pot-herb. Curt.— Cows are fo fond of it, that when a pafture is over-run with it, as is often the cafe about Dudley, they always turn thenj in to eat it up. Mr. Wainwright. C H R O P H YL ' L U M tem'ulum . Stem rough , fwoln wild tt the knots. — ■ Jacq. aujlr. i. 65.-— Ger. 867, cop. in Ger. em. 1038. 2, andParL 915. — Pet. 25. 3. — H. ox. ix. 10. 7. — J. B. iii. 6. 70, 2 and 1. j?KnJ/e5 before flowering drooping. 5fm but little furrowed; ked with purple fpots, and fet with white hairs which ftand . Rundlets in the centre barren. Linn.— r or 2 cubits 1, hairy, rough, folid. Leaves hairy, very finely winged; gs winged; leffer wings half winged, gradually decreafing. ce wanting, or of i to 4 leaves. Fencelet of i leaf, with 6 to 8 ts. Bundles but few. Petals cloven. Seeds tawny, obfcurely ed. Pe/aiy very white. Relhan. Vild Chervil. ledges. A, July. Aug, :ow3 and Sheep refufe it. Linn. A horfe eat the young Ltes.- St. Xz IMP ERA- 3o8 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA 389. I M P E R AT O'R I A. Mafterwort. Empal. Gcnei'd Riindle expanded'; flat; partial unequzl. General Fence none ; partial of i or 2 leaves ;■ very thin; nearly as long as the rundlet. indiftinft. Bloss. General; uniform.^ All the fertile, ^.Indi- viduals; petals 5 ; bent in ; nicked ; nearly equal.. Chives. ‘Threads 5 ; hair-like. Tips roundifh.' Point. Seed-bud henezih. Shafts 2 ; bent' back. Summits ■ ' blunt. ' , ■ _ ■ ' S. Vess. None. Frwif roundifla; comprelfed ; bulging in the middle; bordered; diviflble into ;2. Seeds.- 2 ; egg-fhaped'; marked on the outflde with 2 ' • furrows; edged with a broad margin. ‘ Ess. Char. Fruit roundijk; fomprejjed; bulging in the middle; bordered at the edge. Petals bent in ^ niched, . ■ o . ‘ . common XMPERATO'RIA — Fuehf 763,, cop, in J. B. iii. 6. i^y.-^Blaekw. 279. — Park. 942. -^Trag, yy S.—Lonic.i. 228. 2. — Cluf. ii. 194. c';i: 2, .repTi in Dodi, ^zo. 1, Loh. obf. sg8.- i, ic. 760. i., Ger. em. loot, ij — H, ox. ix. row J. 1. — Garid. ^s. - - ' Found by Mr. Lightfpot on the banks of the Clyde, particular- ly about Arden Caple, Ifle of Bate, near Mount Stewart. [Near Bridgnorth, but in a fltuation that would, allow of its being an outcaft of a garden. With,].,;/.. ?,• P. June. Root warm and aromatic; a fudoriBc, diuretic, and fialagpgue; recommended irtdropfy, debilities of the ftomach aqd bowels, and an infufion of it ih wine, is. fard to have cured quartans that fiiave refilled the bark. St. N ■ G. 1 •c 392. PASTINA'CA. V. CHIVES, 11. POINTALS. X3 393* SMYR'NIUM. 309 392. PASTINA'CA. Parfnep. Rundle of many fpokes ; flat. Rundlets of many fpokes. Fences none. Empal. hardly perceptible! Bloss. Graerfl/; uniform*. Horctr all fertile^ Individuals; petals^; fpear-flraped ; entire; rolled inwards. ‘Chives. 7 breads hair-like. round ifli. Point. beneath. Shafts 2 ; reflefted. Sumniits blunt. S. Vess. None. Fruit oval ; compreffed and flat ; divifi- ble into 2. Seeds. 2; oval; nearly flat on each fide ; bound round w'ith a border. , Ess. Char. Fruit elliptical ; compreffed; fat. ‘Petals rolled in ; entire. PASTINA'CA fati'va. Leaves fimply winged. — a, W'ild. Fuchf. 753, cop. in J. B. iii. 6. 149, H. ox. ix. i6, 2. — Matlh. 776. — Ger. 856. Stem 2 or 3 cubit.? high, upright, ftifF, angular, downy, hollow, iTjranching. Leqf-fialks downy. Leafits very foft, fenated, often with 3 lobes. Rundle, fpokes 10 and upwards. Rundlets, fpoV.es 20 and upw'ards. Blojfom yellow. Relhan. Borders of ploughed fields, in limeftone, [and Marie. St.] B. July, Leaves broader. - Ficchf. 751, cop. in Dod. 680. 2, repr.inGer. em. 1025, and cop. in J. B. iii. 6. 150. — Ger. 870, 2. — Matlh. 747; cop. in Ger. 870. i; and alfo in Dod. 680. i, which repr. in Lob. obj. 407. 2, k. i. 709,2, Ger.em. 1025. i, and cop. in Park. 944. — (Frag. 440, feems to be Daucus Carota.J The roots when cultivated are fweeter than carrots, and are nnuch ufed by thofe who abftain from animal food in Lent : they re highly nutritious. In the north of Ireland they are brewed, iinftead of malt, with bops, and fermented with yeaft. The liquor Jthus obtained is agreeable. The feeds contain an effential oil, sand will often cure intermittent fevers. Hogs are fond of the roots, and quickly grow fat with them. common garden 310 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 393. SMYR'NIUM. Alexanders. Rundle unequal ; daily increafmg. Rufidlets upright. Fence none. Em PAL. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General; uniform. F/ore^J in the centre barren. Individuals ; petals 5 ; fpear-lhaped ; keeled under- neath ; {lightly bent inwards. Chives. Threads 5 ; fimple ; as long as the petals. Tips fimple. Point. beneath. Shafts 2 ; lavmple. Summits 2; fijnple. S. Vess. None. FrwV nearly globular ; Icored ; diviiible into 2. Seeds. 2; crefcent-fhaped ; convex on one fide, and marked with 3 angles ; flat on the other. Ess, Char. Fruit among; feared. Petals taper-pointed; keeled. common SMYR'NIUM Stem-leaves 3-fingered ; on leaf-flalks ; ferrated. — Ger. 864. 2. — Trag, 436, an improved copy of Lonic. i. 237. 2. — ■ Blackw. B. iii. 6. 126, foliage. — Dod. 698. i, repr. in Lob. i. 708. 2, Ger. em. loig, and cop. in Park. 930. i. — ■ Pet. 24. 1. — H. ox. ix. 4. roiii 3. n. i.fig. ^d. — (Fuchf. 760, is a different plant, as is evident from its general fence. — Malth- 773 » cop, in Pet. 24. 12, has alfo a general fence. J Root-leaves twice 3-fingered, (/ppermojl Jlem-leaves oppofite, 3- fingered. Sheaths of the leaves torn and fringed. Fencelets very fliort. Flowers of the centre with only chives, thofe of the circumference with chives and pointals. Linn, — Blofs. irregular, of a whililh grecnifh hue. Relhan. Alffanders. Ditches and rocks on the fea coaft. About Scarborough Caftlc, Deptford, Batterfca, Vauxhall, and Nottingham. [Almoft co- vers thefouth weft end of Anglcfea. Penn, walesii. 253. — Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. WooDw. — Under the w^alls of York. Mr. Wood, ■ — Between Great Comberton and Wollerfhill, under hedges near the Avon, Worcefterfhire. Nash. — Found by the Rev, Mr. Welles at Hill Croome, Worcefterfhire. Mr. Ballard. St. And pjrton, plentifully. Mr. Hollefear.] B, May. June, It V. CHIVES, .II. POINTALS. It was formerly cultivated in our gardens, but Its place Is no\T bctterfupplled by celery. — It Is boiled and greedily eaten by leilors returning from long voyages, who happen to land at the loutk weft corner of Anglefea. Pennant. 394. ANE'THUM. Dill. Rimdle of many fpokes. Rundlets tlxe fame. Fences none. Empal. Cup hardly perceptible. Bloss. General; tmiform. all fertile. Individuals; petals 5 ; rolled inwards ; entire ; very fliort. Chives. Threads hair-like. roundifli. . Point. Seed-bud- beneath. Shafts 2 ; placed clofe toge- ther ; but not very difcernible. Summits blunt. S.Yess. None. Fruit nearly egg-fhaped; compreffed; fcored ; divifible into 2. Seeds. 2 ; fomewhat egg-fhaped ; convex and fcored on one fide ; flat on the other. Ess. Char. Fruit nearly egg-Jhaped ; comprejfed; fcored. Petals rolled in ; entire. ANE'THUM Foenic'ulum. Fruit egg-fhaped. — Fennel Sheldr. 15. — Touni. 16^, a leaf. — Dod. 297, repr. in Lob. obf. 448, ic. I. 775. 2, Ger. em. 1032, Park. 884. — Blackw. 288. — H. ox. ix. 2. rov) 1. i. — Lonic. 234, foliage. — Fuchf 501, cop. in Trag. 448, andjf, B.'ni. 6. 3...-Ger. 877. i. Seedr not bordered with a membranaceous margin. Linn. — 2 cubits high. Leai/Ej hair-like. Peto/s yellow. Re lh. Common Fennel. Finckle. Chalk Cliffs. [Near Marazion, Cornw. plentiful. Mr. Watt. ^Nottingham Caftle. Mr. Whately. — Near Spetchly, Worcef- I as Snowdon, near Settle, and Ingleborough. [Wanfley Dale, between Afcrig and Ayfgarth. Mr. \Vood. — Wells, Norfolk; South wold, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. — All the rocky coaft of Cornwall. Mr. Y/att. — Inchkeith in the Firth of Forth. With.] P. July. Aug. [May. June. Vv'ith.] It is much ufed in gardens as an edging for borders, and when in full bloffom gives a glowing tinge to paftures on the fea coaft. Horfes and Goats eat it. Sheep arc not fond of it. STATI'CE V. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. 3 S T AT' I C E Limdnium. Stalk panicled, cylindrical. Lavender Leaves fmooth, without firings, fpit-pointed underneath. Blackw. 481. — FI. dan. 315. — Matth. g8o. — H. ox. xv. i. row 1. n. t.f. ^th. — Dod.^51, repr. in Lob. obj. 157. 3, Ger. evi. 41 1. I, and cop. in Park. 1234. i, and J. B. iii. 876i3. Salt marfhes, and rocks on the fea coaft. [Wells, Norfolk; Southwold, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P. Ju'y. — Sept. B- Linn. — Much fmaller. Leaves gradually tapering to the rock bafe, having no regular leaf-ftalks. Ray. Mr. Woodward. St. Lob. adv. 123, repr. in Ger. em. 41 1. 2. — (Ger. 332. 2, does not appear to be the plant. The leaves are blunt, and not pointed as in the other figures and my fpecimens. J Bloffoms of a very deep purple. Mrs. Watt. We have 2 varieties correfponding with the above charadler. In the one the leaves fhort and blunt, in the other longer and more pointed. The fharp point at the end of the leaf mark them both as belonging to thisfpecies. Mr. Woodward. Harwich. Ramfgate. Ray. — [Cornwall. Mrs. Watt. — Lynn. jMr. Woodward.] 0. Huds. — Leaves longer, and taper-pointed. Flowers later. Ray. Sea banks near Walton, Effex; and between Heybridge and Maldon. Ray. S T A T ' I C E reticula'ta. Stalk panicled, lying flat, matted The barren branches naked and bent backwards. Leaves wedge-fhaped, without any fharp points. — Pluk. 42. 4. Root-leaves oblong-wedge-fhaped, on leaf-ftalks. Props half em- bracing the ftera, awl-fhaped, terminating in a long point, mem- branaceous at the edge. Mr. Woodward. Matted Sea Lavender. On the Norfolk coaft. [At Wells, Norfolk, abundantly. Mr. Woodward. — At Blakeney, Meffrs. Crowe andPiTCHFORD.] P. July. Aug. LI'NUM. PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA, 419. LI'NUM. Flax. Em PAL. Cup 5 leaves; fmall ; fpear-fliaped ; upright; permanent. Bloss. funnel-fhaped. Petals^; oblong; large; blunt; gradually expanding and growing broader upwards. Qhives. ‘Threads awl-fliaped; upright; as long as the cup; alternating with thefe are the rudiments of 3 more. Tips fimple ; arrow-fhaped. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shafts^; thread-lhaped ; upright ; as long as the' chives. Summits fimple ; rcflefted. S.Vess. Capfule globular; with 5 im per fe6l angles ; 10 cells, and 5 valves. Seeds folitary ; flattifh egg-fhaped ; tapering; gloffy. Ess. Char. Empal. 3 leaves. Petals 3. Ca^ule 3 valves; 10 cells. Seeds folitary. Obs. In L. Radiola one fifth in the number of parts is- wanting. * Leaves alternate. ccpimon LI’NUM ufitatif'fmum. Empalements and capfules fpit-pointed. Petals fcolloped. Leaves fpear-fhaped, alternate. Stem generally folitary. — ; Ludw. 144.— 160.2. — Fuchfi^ji, cop.iii J. B. iiii ' — Matth. 414, cop. in Dod. 533, Lob. obf. 225. 1, Ger. dm. 556, and; cop', in H. ox. V. 26. row 2. 1. — Lonic. 153. 2. — Blackw. 160. I. — 353. Stem cylindrical, Petals flcy blue, fcored with deeper coloured lines. TAreoifi united at the’ bafe. blue, thicker towards the top. The inner edge of the cup a little fringed. 'With. Corn fields and fandy paftures in Dorfetfhire and Devonfhire. (Near Gawlfon, Norfolk. Mr. Bryant. — Corn fields, Ri'pton, Huntingdonfhire. Mr. Woodward, — Downs,’ old' paftures, and corn fields, near to commons about Redruth and Trelubbus, Cornwall. Mr. Watt. j A. July. This valuable plant originally came from thofe parts of .^gypt which are expofed to the inundations of the Nile. The/ceifi yield, by expreflion only, a large proportion of oil, which is an e.\cellent pecftoral, as is likewife the mucilaginous infufion. They make HI) eafy apd ufef4l poultice in cafes pf external inflammation; and they are the food of feveral fmall birds. After the oil is exprefled, thp remaining farinaceous part, called Oil Cake, is given to oxen, >vho foon grow fat upon it. The oil itfclf differs in feveral refpecfts ' ' - . ■ , . . 329 V. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. from other exprefled oils ; it does not congeal in winter, nor does it form a folid foap with fixed alkaline falls; and it adts more pow- erfully as a menftruum upon fulphureous bodies. When heat is applied during the exprefllon it gets a yellowifh colour, and a pe- culiar fmell. In this ftate it is ufed by the painters and the var- nifhers. — The fibres of the Jlem are inanufaAured into linen; and this linen, when worn to rags, is made into paper. L I 'N U M ptren'ne. Empalements and capfules blunt, perennial XiCaves alternate, fpear-fhaped; very entire. Linn. Empalement very entire and fniDoth. St. ec. upright. Mill. 166, 2. Empal. leaves oval, hollow, with a fhort bluntifh point at the end, not fringed or hairy, marked with 5 lines. Blojs. blue. St. Paftures and meadows in a calcareous foil. [Marham, Norfolk. Ixworth, Suffolk. Gogmagog Hills. Mr. Woodward.] P. Jpne. July. £. Stem trailing. Both varieties rife from the fame root. In trailing the upright the chives are longer than the pointals; in the Irailing they are fhorter. IJuds. L I 'N U M angiif ifo'Uum. Empalements and capfules narrovulcaved taper-pointed. Stem branching, and lomewhat declin- ing at the bafe. Huns. — Leaves very entire. Empale- ments fringed with hairs not tipped with glands. St. Mr. Woodward. (Cluj. i. 318. I, repr. in Lob. obf. 226. 2, is a pretty good repre- Jentation of it, but from Clufius's dejeription of blojfoms of a deep blue, Jhculd feem to be L. aujlriacum, which this fpecies a good deal rejembles in habit; and not L. tenufolium as C. B. makes it.) Simj numerous, branched towards the top. Leci/wfpear-ftrap- fliaped, ftiff, pointed, fcattered, hairy underneath, as far as the Aem is trailing pointing upwards, above that in various direeflions. Empal. fhorter than the capfule, egg-fhaped, blunt, but ending in a fharp point, keeled with a prominent rib. Blofs. much fmaller ^han that of L. perenne, pale reddifh purple with darker lines; petals not abfolutely entire. Shafts not bent back beyond the chives. Mr. Woodward and St. — Except that in all my fpecimens the fefluw are quite fmooth. Blofs. not much above as long again as the empalement. St. — Cap/, and empaf fharp-ppinted. Petals very entire. Stems many from one root. With. L. tenufolium. J. Linn. — L. fylv. angujl. etderfior. fol.Jlore mmore. C. B. pin. 214. — (Linum, ifo/fer 838, is referred to by Hudfon, but PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. but appears to me to be what Haller himfelf conliders it, L. tenid- 'folium. St. Mr. Woodward.) Dry meadows and paflures. [Cornwall, frequent. Huds. Mr. Watt. — In Devonfhire. Minfter in the Ifle of Shepey, and Deal. Huds.] P. June. July. _ * * Leaves oppofite. purging LI'NUM catharYicum. Leaves oppofite, egg-fpear- fhaped. Stem forked. Bloffoms pointed. — ■L'udw. 143. — Curt. iii. 26. — Wale. — Blackw. 368. — J. B. iii. 455- 2. — Pet. 55. 12. — Ger. em. 560. 5, cop. in Park. 1336. 10. — Barr. 1165. i. Before the flowers open they hang down. Linn. T’hreads United, in form of a glafs, inclofing the feed-bud. Mr. Holle- FEAR. — £7n/)a/. edge fringed with minute glands on foot-ftalks. St. — Threads united, forming a bag which inclofes the lower half of the feed-bud. With. Purging Flax. Mill-mountain. Dwarf Wild Flax. Dry meadows and paftures. A. May. — July. An infufion of 2 drams or more of the dried plant is an excel- lent purge, and has been given with •advantage in many obftinate rheumatifms. It frequently a(5ls as a diuretic. With. Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. All-Jeed M Radi'ola. Leaves oppofite. Stem forked. Chives and fhafts 4. FI. dan. 178. — Vain. 4. 6. — Ray 15. 3. at p. 348. — Pel. 59. 12. — Michel. 21. — Ger. em. 569, 2. Blojfoms white. All-feed. Leajl Rupture-wort. Moift fandy heaths, A. Aug. 421. DRO'SERA. / V. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. 331 421. D R O ' S E R A. Sundew. LEmpal. Cup 1 leaf; with 5 clefts; fliarp; upright; per- manent. Bloss. funnel-fhaped. Petals 5; nearly egg-fhaped; blunt ; fomewhat larger than the cup. hCniVES. 'threads^; awl-lhaped ; as long as the cup. final 1. 1 Point. roundifli. Shafts^; fimple; as long as the chives. Summits fimple. :S. Vess. Ctip/u/e nearly egg-fliaped ; of i cell ; opening with 5 valves at the top. : Seeds numerous; veryfmall; nearly egg-fliaped. Ess. Char. Empal. 5 clefts. Petals 5. Capfule 1 cell, 5 valves at the point. Seeds numerous. DRO'SERA rotundifo'lia. Stalks from the root, round-leaved Leaves circular. Linn. — Shafts 6. Huds. Sheldr. 39. — Lob. obj. 472. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1556. i, cop. in Park. 1052. 1. b. c, and Pet. 63. 10. — Blackw. 432, — Thai. g. I, cop. in y.B. ili. 761. 2. — Barr. 251. i.—Trag. 529.3, cop. in Lonic. 222. 2. — Ger. 1366. i. Leaf-jlalks fringed at the bafe. Blojfoms white. Sundeiv. Rofa foils. Redrot. ] oulhwort. Moorgrafs. Mofly bogs. [Malvern Chace on the fide of the rivulet flowing from the Spa. Mr. Ballard. — Birmingham Heath. With.] P. July. Aug. The whole plant Is acrid, and fufflciently cauftic to erode the Ikin; but fome ladies know how to mix the juice with milk, fo as ^to make it an innocent and fafe application to remove freckles and funbum. The juice that exfudes from it unmixed will deftroy warts and corns. — The plant has the fame effedl upon milk as the .Pingidcula vulgaris; and like that too is fuppofed to occalion the rot in Sheep. Is not the four coagulated milk of the Syrians, called Leban, or Leven, at firft prepared with fome plant of this kind? See Rujfel's nat. hijl. of Aleppo. The name, Sundew, feems to be derived from a very flriking •circumftance in the appearance of thefe plants; the leaves are :fringed with hairs, fupporting fmall drops or globules of a pellucid iliquor like dew, which continue even in the hotteft part of the ■day, and in the fulleft: expofure to the fun. Perhaps the acrimony : ef the plant relides in this fecreted liquor. DRO'SERA PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. B3? lovg-lcavccl DRO 'SER A longlfo'lia. Stalks from the root. Leaves oval-oblong. Linn, — Shafts 6. Huds Dod. 474. 2, rejr.inGer. em. 1556. 2, and cop. iiiFrl, C3. ii. — H. ox. XV, 4, row I, 2, — 9, 2, co/>, in J. B. iii, 76}, I, — BmT. 251, 2, — Loh.adv. 454, 2, ill cop. in Fork. 1052, i, a. — Ger. 136,6, 2, Grows with the former. Is it really a diftindl fpecies? Link, — In this and the former, Jkafts 6, and valves of the capfule 3, Hans, Leaves upri,ght, oblong, flefhy, fmooth underneath, above befet with purple hairs tipped with glands; the younger ones rolled in, LeaJ-jialks Ipnger than the leaves, fringed at the bafe, upright, cylindrical, nodding at the end, with rirany flowers, before flowering rolled up. floral-leaves very final], pointed^ as long as the fruit-flalks. Blofs. white. Lyons. — On Brigftear Mofs, near Kendal, growing to trvice and thrice the fize they do about London. Ray’s 3 additional fpecies probably only varieties. Curt. hot. excurs. — Differs from the preceding only in the fhape of the leaves. Bot. arr. ed. i. Relh. Bogs with the former. Linn. Huds. St.— [In Norfolk, fre- quent. Mr. Woodward,] - P. July. Aug. Its properties are the fame with thofe of the rolUJidifolia. great D R O ' S E R A ame'Hca. Leaves oblong. Stalks from the root. Shafts 8. Huns. H. ox. XV, 4. row I, Jigure the lajl, cop. pi Fct. 63. 12. — Park. 1052. 2, are the Rorella longif. max., of Rp.y, ivhich Mr. Hudfon refers to, though he does not to the apove figures.. Has many tlqngs in common with the preceding fpecies, but is larger, and the capfdes have 4 valves. Hubs. Boggy ground in the northern counties. Devopflrire, Hants, and Norfol]:. P.July. Aug. Few perfons can have obferved the Pros era in its native bogs, without feeing foine of the leaVes doubled up ; but . the caufe of this, I believe, was firft afeertained in this kingdom by the atten- ' tion and ingenuity of my friend, Mr. Whately, now a furgeon in London. In the month of Auguft, 1780, that gentleman, be- ing upon a vilit in Derbyfhire, and gathering foine fpecimens of the Drofera, examined fome of thefe folded leaves, and finding a dead infed in each, was prompted to irritate the upper furface of other leaves, by touching them with a pin. The effedt was as he expedled, afudden contraction of the leaf upon the pin. He com- municated this curious fadl to me; and though the experiment has fince failed in my hands, I am fatisfied he faw what he deferibed. His friend, Mr. Gardom, a Derbyfhire botani ft, who accora- V. CHIVES, V. POINTALS.. panicd him at the moment of this difcovery, has fince Written me the following account: “ In Auguft, 17S0, examining the DaosERAin company with Mr. Whately, on his infpecting fome of the contradled leaves, ive obferved a fmall infeAor liy vcryclofely imprifoned therein, which occalioned fome aftoniOimeht, to me at leaft, howithap*^ pened to get into that confined fituation. Afterwards, on Mr. Whately’s centrically preffing with a pin other leaves, yet in their natural and expanded form, we obferved a remarkable fiidden and daftic fpring of the leaves, fo as to become inverted upwards, and as it were encircling the pin, which evidently fhewed the method by which the fly came into its erabarrafling fituation. This expe- riment was renewed repeatedly, and with the fame effed, fo that Mr. Whately and myfelf are both certain of the fadt.” Two or three years after Mr. Whately had fent me an account of his difcovery, I was much pleafed to find the following account of the Drofera in a German author, which, though it differs in fome refpedls from the obfervations of Mr. Whately and Mr. Gardom, yet upon the whole it tends further to illuftrate the lin- gular properties of thefe curious plants : “ July, 1770. Drqf. rotundifolia and D. longifolia. — I remarked that many leaves, were folded together from the point towards the bafe, and that all the hairs were bent like a bow, but there was no apparent change on the leaf-fialk. Upon opening thefe leaves I found in each a dead infedl. Hence I imagined that this plant, rvhich has fome refemblance to the Dionasa mufcipula, might alfo have a limilar moving power, “With a pair ofplyers I placed an ant upon the middle of a leaf of the D. rotundifolia, but fo as not to difturb the plant. The ant endeavoured to efcape, but was held faff by the clammy juice at the points of the hairs, which was drawn out by its feet into fine threads. In fome minutes the fhort hairs on the difk of the leaf began to bend, then the long hairs, and laid themfelves upon the infedl. After a while the leaf began to bend, and in fome hours the end of the leaf was fo bent inwards as to touch the bafe. The ant died in 15 minutes, which was before all the hairs had bent themfelves. On repeating this experiment , I found the cffchls to follow fooner or later, according to the ftate of the weather. At n in the morning, a fmall fly placed in the centre of a leaf, died fooner than the ant had done, the hairs bent themfelves as before, and at 5 in the evening the leaf was bent together, and held the fly Ihut up. The fame experiment being made on the D. longifolia, the fame effeefls followed, but more rapidly. I obferved, that in fultry weather, and hot fnnfhine, when the drops of juice upon 334 PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. upon the points of the hairs arc largeft, the experiment fucceeds beft. If the infedl be a fmall one, fometimes only one edge of the leaf is folded up ; hence it fhould feem necelfary that the in- fedlfhould ftir all the hairs of the leaf. — Wroth. Beytrog, p. 64. Thefe accounts will I hope occafion .numerous obfervations to be made upon this Britifh Fly-trap, which fo nearly approaches in its wonderful properties to the Diomea mufcipula or Venus Fly-trap, a native of the Bogs of Carolina. It is natural to enquire whether this deftruftion of infects be not necefTary to the welfare of the plant? It is obvious that the experiments fhould be made upon well-grown vigorous plants in a fine day, as then the drops of adhefive liquor at the ends of the hairs are always the largeft. It may be ufeful to remark, that thefe plants are not to be found without a pretty clofe infpeclion of the Bogs they grow in, as they are much covered by, and entangled with Mofs. 425. SIBBAL'DIA. Silverweed. Em PAL. Cup I leaf; .with 10 fliallow clefts; upright at the bale; permanent. Segments alternately narrower; ' half fpear-fhaped ; equal; expanding. Bloss. Petals 5 ; egg-fhaped ; ftanding on the cup. Chives. Threads hair-like; fhorter than the petals ; handing on the cup. 'Tips fmall ; blunt. Point. Seed-buds ; egg-fhaped; very fhort. Shafts as long as the chives, and handing upon the fides of the feed-buds. Summits fomewhat globular. S. V ESS. none. The Cup clofes upon the feeds. Seeds 5 ; rather long. Ess. Char. Empal. 10 clefts. Petals^, inferted into the empal. Shafts from the fide of the feed-huds. Seeds 5. procumbent SJBB AL'D 1 A pi'oc'um’bens. Leah ts with 3 teeth. — fl. dan. 32. — Pe7m. voy. ii. 5. at p. 43. — Pluk. 212. 3. — Pet. 41. 7, as cultivated. Root woody. Stems trailing, covered with the remains of the dead leaf-ftalks. Leaf-Jlalks flender, flightly woolly, below oblong, membranaceous, brown, embracing the ftems, flightly cloven, pointed. Leaves 3-fingered. Leafits inverfely egg-fhaped, but fomeivhat lopped at the end, befet on each fide with foft hairs; teeth fomewhat pointed. Blofs. yellow, fmaller than the empal. Pointals fometimes in, and 5 in the fame plant. In wliat refpeefts it diflers from the Polentilla may be feen by com- paring 335 V. CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. paring the defcriptions of the 2 genera. Indeed it agrees with that and the reft of the natural order of Senlicofce ; except in the number of chives and pointals. Linn. — The younger Root Leaves fillcy, the older bald. Chives and Seeds not more than 5. Hall. — Leaf-Jlalks long. Leajhs wedge-fhaped, (lightly cloven into 3 at the end. Mr. Woodward. — Leaf-Jlalks longer than the leafits. Leaves with fine filky hairs on both ftdes. Chives 7 or more in all the flowers examined of a cultivated fpecimen. Threads reddilh. Tips yellow, Seed-buds 10. Seeds 10, fixed to a dry hairy receptacle. With. Mountains of Scotland, P, July. Aug. Order VI, POL TG TNI A; MANY POINTALS. 426. MYOSU'RUS. Moufetail. Em PAL. Cup 5 leaves; half fpear-fhaped; blunt, refle6led; coloured ; deciduous ; joined together above the bafe. Bloss. Petals 5, very fmali; fhorter than the cup; tubu- lar at the bafe ; opening obliquely inwards. Chives. Yhreads 5 or more, as long as the cup. Tips ob- long; upright. Point. Seed-buds xmmerous ; fitting upon the receptacle, forming an oblong cone. Shafts none. Summits dmiple. S. Vess. none. Receptacle very long, fhaped like a pillar ; covered by the feeds which are laid one over ano- ther like tiles. Seeds numerous; oblong; tapering. Esss.Char. Empal.^ leaves, grozivin^ to each other at the bafe. Honey-cups^, awl-Jhaped, ref embling petals. Seeds tni- merous. (In the generic defcription the Honey-cups are defcribed as Petals. Reich.) Obs. The number of Chivesvery variable. Clofely allied to the Ranunculus. MYO- 336 PENTANDRIA POLYGYNIA. little MYOSU'RUS min'imus. Curt. iv. 43. — FL dan. 406. — Mill, illuflr. — Dod. 112. i, repr. in Lob. obj. 242. i, Ger. em. 426. 4, and cop. in Park. 500, 7. B. iii. 512. and Pel. 39. '].—Ger. 345. 4, cbdvei reprefented as proceeding from the whole length of the receptacle. — tonic ii . 16. I. Threads 4, 5, 6, Moench. 7. Pollich. 10. Lyons; to 20. Gmel. — There is a variety with hair^leaves. Huns. — .Siemfimple; Root-leaves mrrow; ftrap-fhapcd. Blqjfoms gveenUh. Cornfields, meadows and paftures, in a gravelly foil, f At La- henham. Mr. Croave. — Near Derby, Mr.WHAT£i,y. — Malvern- Chace, Worcellerlh. Mr. Mallard.] The whole plant is acrid; Cl/ifS Clajs VI. HEXANDRIA. VI. CHIVES. TH E flowers of this clafs contain 6 chives, all of the fame length, whereas in the 15th clafs, the chives, though 16 in number, are unequal in length, 4 of them being long, and 2 of them fhort. The Bulbous Roots in this clafs are fome of them noxious, as thofeof the Daffodil, the Hyacinth, and the Fritillary ; others are cbrrofive, as Garlick, but by roafting or boiling they lofe great part of their acri- mony. Order /, MOMOGY M lA; I. point AL., * Flowers with a cup and a blqffom. 481. Franke'nia Blofs, 5 petals. Cup i leaf; be- neath. Capfule I cell. Seeds many. 476. Ber'beris Blofs, 6 petals. Cup 6 leaves; beneath. Berry, 2 feeds. F Hottonia paluftris. Anthericum calyculatiim. Lythrum hylTopifolia. Peplls Portula. * ♦ Flowers with a Jheath, or hujk. 433. Galan'thus Blofs. fuperior. Petals 6; the 3 inner ones fhorter and notched at the end. Vol, I. Z 436* Nar- HEXANDRIA. 436. Narcis'sus Blofs. fuperior. Petals 6. Honey* cup bell-fliaped ; on the out- fide of the chives. 442. Al'lium. .i! Blofs. beneath. Petals 6; egg- uiaped, fitting* *** Flowers naked. 4.59. ConvallA'ria. 461. Hyacin'thus. .... 455. Anther'icum. 45 i.Ornithog'Alum. 452. Scil'la 457. Aspar'agus 444. Pritilla'ria. .... Blojfom beneath ; with 6 clefts. Berry, 3 feeds. Blofs. beneath ; with 6 clefts ; 3 honey-cup pores at the top of the feed-bud.* [Segments of the blojfom rolled back. With.) B/q/}. beneath ; with 6 flat petals. Blofs. beneath; with 6 petals. 'Threads alternately broader at the bafe. Blofs. beneath. Petals 6 ; deci- duous. Threads cylindrical; of equal thicknefs. Blofs. beneath. Petals 6i Berry, 6 feeds. Blojfom henezih. Petals 6; egg- fhaped ; with a honey-cup pore at the bafe. •f Juncus. * I never could obferve thefe pores in our fpecies. With> Flowers mpeife&. 468. Ac'orus containing feveral flowers. Capfide 3 cells. 472. Jun'cus. Cup 6 leaves. Capfule i cell. 482. Pep'lis Cwp with 12 clefts. Cap], 2 cells. Order II, DIGfJIIA; II. POINTALS. •j- Rumex digynus. Polygonum Perficaria. Polygonum hydro* piper. Agrimonia Eupatoria. Order I VI. 339, CHIVES. Order III. m T RIG Y MIA; ' IIK POIMtALS. 492. Col'chicum. .... £mpa/. a fheath. Blojs. with 6 divifions refemblirig petals. 488. Trig'lochin. .... Cup 3 leaves. Blofs. 3 petalSi Capfule opening at the bafe. 485. Ru',mex Cup 3 leaves. Blojfom 3 petals* Seed I, 3-coriiered. •f* Anthericum calyculatum. Drofera rotundifolia. Drofera longifolia. Order V, 'POLrorNlA; MANY POIMTALS. 495* Alis'ma Cup 3 leaves. Blojfom 3 petals* Seed-vejfels many. •f* Triglochin maritimum. Z2 Order. ' S40 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA common Order I. MOMOGYNIA; I. POIAfTAL. 433. GALAN'THUS. Snowdrop. 1 £mpal. Sheath oblong, blunt, forked, compreffed, fhri- velling; openirig at the flat flde. Bloss. Petals 3, oblong, blunt, concave, loofe, equal; ftanding open. Honey-cup cylindrical ; nearly half as long as the petals ; compofed of 3 leaves refemb- ling petals, parallel, blunt, nicked at the end. Chives. ‘Threads 6, hair-like, very fhort. Tips ohlong, approaching, tapering, and ending in a briftle. Point. globular ; beneath. thread-fhaped ; longer than the chives. Summit Ample. S.Vess. Ca^/a/e nearly globular, with 3 blunt corners, 3 cells, and 3 valves. Seeds many; globular. Ess. Char. Petals 3, concave. Honey-cup of 3 petals, ./mail, nicked. Summit Jimple. GALANT'HUS niva'lis.— Jacq. aujlr. iv. 313. — Wale. — Cluf. i. i6g. i, repr. in Dod. 2^0. I, Lob. obj. 64. 3, Ger. em. 147. — Park. par. 107, fg. between 6, 7, and g.—Ger. 120. 1. — Matth, 1245. i?oof bulbous. Linn. Snowdrop. Fair Maids of February. Meadows, fides of hedges. [At the foot of Malvern Hills, on the right of the road running below the Camp. Mr. Ballard in Bot. Arr. ed. k — Where no traces of any buildings or gardensare •40 be found. Finftall, near Bromfgrove. St. — Near Cirencefter, ^fhort, Ikinny, finely fcol- ioped. — Park. par. 75. i.—^Chif. i. 156, repr. in Dod. 223. 2, and Ger. em. 124.7, and cop. in Ger. no. 6, J. B. ii. 604. i, and Pet. 67. 10. £/q/5. yellowifh white. Honey none. Bloss. bell-fhaped ; expanding at the bafe. Petals 6; oblong; parallel. Honey-cup a hollow in the bafe of each petal. Chives. Threads 6; awl-fhaped; approaching the fhaft. Tips 4-corn ered ; oblong ; upright. Point. Seed-bud chlon^; 3-lided; blunt. Shaft Simple; longer than the chives. Summit with 3 clefts ; ex- panding; blunt, S.Vess. Capf ule ohlong; blunt; with 3 lobes, 3 cells, and 3 valves. Seeds many; flat; outwardly femi-circular ; in 2 rows. Ess. Char. Blojfom of 6 petals; bell-Jkaped; with a cavity containing honey above the claws. Chives as long as the blojfom, FRITILLA'RIA Melea'gris. All the leaves alter- chequered nate. Stem with i flower. — Curt. iii. 2f>—Walc.—Jacq. aujlr. v. app. 32.— Parh par. 41. a. — Cluj. i. 153. I, repr. in Ger. em. 149. i, and cop. in Ger. 122. I. — Cluf. i. 152, repr. in Dod. 233. 2, and Ger. em, 149. 2; and cop. in Ger, 122. 2,—-Swert. i. 7. 4. Honey-c\^i HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Honey-aip ohlong. Linn. — Flowers generally i,'fometimes 2, and even 3. C. B, pin. — Blofs. bellying at the bafe. Curt. St. — Root bulbous, folld, Imall for the lize of the plant, throwing out numerous fibres beneath, and Increafing by ofF-fets. Stem Lom ihelide of the root, 12 to 18 inch, high, cylindrical, fmooth, bend- ing at the top into an elegant arch. Leaves ^ to 5, fhort, grafs- like, half embracing the ftem, alternate, diftindl. F/ower droop- ing. Petals oval, the 3 outer bulging at the bafe, the 3 inner flat, of a dull red, chequered with a deeper colour, without any mixture of green or yellow. Stimihit deeply cloven. Capfule, angles blunt. Mr. WooDW. — .Stem cylindrical, crooked. Leaves ^ to 6y fpear-fhaped. Honey-cup a fielhy glandular fubftance connecting the chives to the petals. Tips nearly as long as the threads, of 2 cells. Seed-bud, corners blunt. With. — Fruit-Jlalks ilender, Blojs. nodding, chequered with purple, and greenifli yellow. Stalk grows confiderably longer after the flowering. Fritillary. Chequered Daffodil, or Tulip. Snakeshead. Cuinea-henfiower. Meadows and paftures. Mawde Fields, near Riflip Common, Middlcfex; near Bury, Enfield; and in the meadows between Mortlake and Kew. [Between Laxfield and Stirrup-ftreet, Suff, Mr. Woodward. — In a meadow near Blymhill, Staffdfdlhire, plentifully. Mr. Dickenson. — Near Leicefter. Dr. Arnold.] P. April. May. 451. OR N IT H OG'ALU M. Bethlemftar. Em PAL. Cup none. Bloss. Petals 6 ; I’pear-fhaped ; upright below the middle, but expanding and flat above ; permanent ; but fading. Chives, fflireads 6; upright; broadeft at the bafe; fliorter than the blolfom. Tips Ample. Point. angulat. S/idft iiwl-fhsped ; permanent. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Capfule roundifli; angular ; with 3 cells, and 3 valves. Seeds many; roundifli. Ess. Char. Blojfom' of 6 petals ; upright; permanent; from about the mid-way expanding. Every other thread broader at the bafe. Obs. The threads in iome fpecies are upright and fiat; every other thread having 3 points, and the tip fixed upon the middle point. In other fpecies thefe alternate threads are undivided. * AU 347 VI. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. * All the threads awl-fhaped. ORNITHOG'ALUM lu'teum . Stalk angular,, with yelloiv 2 leaves. Fmit-ftalks in rimdles, undivided. Linn. — Rather flem. St. PValc. — Cluf. i. i88. 2, repr. in Dod. 222, Lob. obj. 72. 3, Ger. m. 165. 2, and cop. in Pet. 66. 12. — FI. dan. 378.* — Fuchf. i6g, cop. in J. B. ii, 622, i. — Ger. 132, 2.~Lonic. 193. i.— H.ox. iv. 13. 12. — Swert. i. 57. 3. — Park. par. 137, 7.— (Trag. 737. 2, feenis rather 0. minus.) PM-leaf generally tingle, longer than the ftem. Stem-leaves fometimes 3 or 4, unequal, i much larger. Fruit-jlalk fometimes folitary. Petals in 2 ferles, the inner greenilh yellow, the outer green. Mr. Woodward. Meadows and paftures. Woods on the banks of the Tees near Greta Bridge, and Bignal, Yorkfhire. R. fyn. [and Rev. Mr. ZoucH.] — Near Doncafter and Kendal. [Under Malham Cove: Mr. Wo o D . — In a meadow adjoining to the Copper Mills, Derby, Mr. Whately.] P. April, The bulbous roots of all the fpecies are nutritious and whole- fome, and t^ofe of this fpecies have been employed for food in a fcarcity of provifions. — Horfes, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Swine are not fond of it. Cows refufe It. ORNITHOG'ALUM Jryrena'kum. Bunch very fplked long. Threads fpear-fhaped. Fruit-ftalks when in flower expanding, equal, but afterwards approaching the flalk. — Cluf. i. 187. I, repr. in Dod. 209. i, Lob. obf. 47. 3, Ger. em, 97, and cop. in Ger. 89, and J. B. ii. 627. i . — Park. par. 137. 5. Nearly 3 feet high. Flower-fcales folitary, not embracing the ftem, as long as the pedicles. Every other cAiue fliorter. Gouan, — Stalk or 2 feet high. Fruit-ftalks {lender. Flower fcaks mem. branaceous at the bafe, broad, and half embracing the ftalk, up- wards awl-fhaped. Petals narrow, expanding, pale yellow within, green without, with whitifh margins. Mr. Woodward. Meadows and paftures. Near Afhley, between Bath and Brad- ford; and near Chichefter. P. June. * * Threads alternately notched at the end. ORNITHOG'ALUM umbella'lum . Flowers in broad common topped fpikes. Fruit-ftalks rifing above the top of the ftalk. Threads widening at the bafe. Linn. — None of the threads cloven. With. Scop. St. * Much larger than any fpecimens I have ever feen. Mr. Woodw. St. Jacq. 348 \ vernal HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Jacg.auJlr.iv. — Ger. 132. i. — Dod. 221. i, repr. in Lob. obf. 72 . 2, Ger. em. 165. i , and cop. in Swert. i. 57. 4. — (Mailh. 542, if the plant, the leaves and Jlalk misjigured.j Root-leaves about g. The lowefl; Jruil-Jlalks rifing higher than the reft. A Jlower-Jcale at the bafe of each fruit-flalk. Scop. With^ — Fruit-Jlalks very long, broad. Flower-Jcales very large, white, membranaceous. Mr. Woodward — Petals white, with a broad green llreak along the under fide. Threads fpear-fhaped, flat, fielhy; every other broader. Seed-bud with 6 blunt angles. Shaft cylindrical, with 3 blunt angles. With. Woods, meadows, and paftures in Norfolk. P. Apr. May. 452. SCIL'LA. Squill. Em PAL. Cup none. Bloss. Petals 6; egg-lhaped ; greatly expanding ; deci- duous. Chives. ‘Threads 6 ; awl-flaaped ; half as long as the pe- tals. T/pj oblong; fixed fide-ways. Point. Seed-bud xoundi(h. Shaft fmple, as long as the chives ; falling off. Summit fimple. S. Vess. Capfule nearly egg-fhaped ; Imooth; with 3 fur- rows, 3 cells, and 3 valves. Seeds feveral ; roundifli. Ess. Char. Blojfoms of 6 petals ; falling off. Threads thread-Jliaped. SCIL'LA ver'na. Broad topped fpike hemifpherical, .with floral-leaves, and but few flowers. Leaves awl-ftrap- fhaped, channelled. Huds. — Flower-fcales nearly as long as the flowers.* St. — Floxvers 3 to 8, and in gardens 6 to 16. See Hudfon’s defcription. FI- dan. 568,*}* — Chif. i. 188. i, repr. in Ger. em. 166. 4. — Park, par. 137. 6. . Poot bulbous, coated, brown, the fize of a hazle-nut. Stalk 2 to 6 inches high, upright, cylindrical, leaflefs, even, fmooth. Leaves * Add to the charafter of S. bifolia, Flower-fcales very minute. Leaves blunt. Hall. St. — And to the defcription, Leaves very broad. Hall. St. t Correfponds e.\a£lly v/ith the Corniflr fpecimens, is referred in the Syft. veg. to S. btfolia, but this it cannot be from its flower-fcales being nearly as long as the flowers, in which as well as other refpefts it correfponds with the charaflcr of S. verna, though not referred to by Mr. ^udfon. S-^. 349 VI. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. Leaves feveral, pointed, nearly as long as the ftalk. BloJJ'oms pale blue. Floral-leaves permanent, membranaceous, hollow, pointed. Huds. Meadows and paftures. Cliffs on the fea fhore in Anglefea and Wales; about St. Ives, and other places in Cornwall. I have received fpecimens of it under the title of S. bifolia, but that fpe- cies is not a native of thefe iflands. Huns. — Gloddaeth, Caernar- vonfhire. [Near Redruth, Cornwall. Mrs. Watt.] \ P. April. May. SCIL'LA autumna'Us. Leaves thread-Qiaped. Flowers autumnal in broad-topped fpikes. Fruit-ftalks naked, afcending, as long as the flowers. — Quf. i. 185. 2, repr.hiDod. 2ig. i. Lob. obf. 53. 3, Ger. em. no. I, and cop. in Ger. 98. 4. Blojs. about the fize of a pea. Linn. Root buibous, coated. Leaaw numerous, much fhorter than the ftalks. Mr. Woodw. — Blqjfcnis blue. Dry paftures. St. Vincent’s Rock, nearBrIftol; Lizard Point, ' Cornwall; Black Heath; near Ditton, on Moulfey Hurft, over againft Hampton Court. [Common, near Chace Water Mine, Cornwall. Mr. Watt.] P. Aug. Sept. ■455. ANTHER'ICUM. Spidervvort. Em PAL. Cup none. Bloss. Petals 6; oblong; blunt; greatly expanded. Chives. ‘Threads 6; awl-fhaped; upright. Tips fmafl; with 4 furrows ; fixed nde-ways to the threads. Point. Seed-hud with 3 corners, but flightly marked. Shaft fimple ; as long as the chives. Summfl blunt; 3-corn ered. S. Vess. Cup/u/e egg-lhaped; fmooth; with 3 furrows, 3 cells, and 3 valves. Seeds numerous; angular. Ess. Char. B/q/}. 0/ 6 petals; open. Capfule eggfhaped. * Spiderworts. Leaves channelled. Threads for the mpjl part fmooth. ANTHER'ICUM /eroV/uuui. Leaves flattifli. Stalk Saffron with I flower. — Ifacq. auftr. v. 38. — Ray 17. l-. at p. 474. — J. B. ii. 663. i. Root ;o HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Root oblong, covered -with fcales the remains of dead leaves. Stalk with 3 or 4 Horal-leaves or leaves, fpear-fhaped, alternate, very minute, flieathing. No fower-Jkeatk. FWer beneath. Petals with tawny lines, and yellow claws. Threads not v/ooUy. Linn. Mountain Saffron. On high mountains, as on Snowdon, and on the mountains in the neighbourhood of Llanberrys on the weft fide of Trigvylchau. Ray. — Rocks on Crib y Diftil. Huds. P. April. May. *♦ Nartheciums. Leaves fword-Jhaped. Lanca/hire ANTHER'ICUM offij’ragum. Leaves fword-fliaped. Threads woolly. — Narthecium offjragum. Huns, which fee. fcotti/h ANTHER'ICUM calycula'tum. Leaves fword- fhaped. Cups with 3 lobes. Threads fmooth. Shafts 3.— Tofeldia palujlris. Huds. which fee. Remarkable as a Liliaceous plant in having a cup. In external appearance it accords fo exacftly with the A. ojjifragum, that fo far from removing it from that natural order, we are obliged to place them in the fame genusj notwithftanding its ^-cornered empalementf the abfence of a JhaJ}, 3 feed-buds, and its naked threads. Linn. NARTHE'CiUM. (Moehr. and HudJ.) Kingfpear. Empal. none. Bloss. Petals 6 ; equzl ; fpear-fhaped; pointed; nearly upright; permanent; (Riff; widely expanding ; af- ter bloffoming upright ; bluntifh at the point. Sx.) Chives. Threads 6; awl-fliaped; woolly. Tips {smW; fixed fide-ways. Point. Seed-bud 3-fquare. Shaft none! Summit blunt; (oblong. St.) S. Vess. Capfule egg-flaaped ; pointed ; 3-fquare ; 3 cells, 3 valves. . . Seeds numerous; chaff-like; (cylindrical, tapering to a point each way. St.) Huds. Ess. Char. Blojs. 6 petals; expanding; permanent. Shaft o. ' Capfule egg-fhaped Seeds zmth tail-like appendages at each end. St. Obs. Moehringius and Mr. Hudfon appear to me to have done ’ well in making this a diftinuft genus. Liniueus urges indeed that ' •• *» it VI. CHIVES, 1. POINTAL. “ It Is connefted to feveral of the Anthericums In Its hairy threads,” but acknowledges at the fame time that it “ differs “ from them in having a pyramidal fee (Ubiid, chaff-like feeds, and a “ permanent bkffom," circuinftances furely fufficient to c6nftitute a diftincT; genus. Add to which that its habit is totally diftincff. St. NARTHE'CIUM qffif radian. Huds. St. FL dan. 42. — Cluj. i. 198. i, repr. in Dod. 208. 2, Lob. obf. I, Ger. evi. 95. 2, and cop. inf. B. ii. 633. 2, H. ox. iv. i. 7, and Pet. 66. g. — (Gmel. i. 18. 2, is Anthericum calyculalum. ib. 1. ill Hudf. an error of the prejs for 2. Mr. Woodward. St.) Threads bearded. Linn. — Lenm fometimes fhort, and fword- fhaped, fometimes long, and grafs-like, fcored, with prominent ribs. Petals yellow within, green without, with yellow edges. Mr. Woodward. — cylindrical, 4 to 6 inches high. Root^ leaves ftrap-fpear-fhaped, flat, fcored. Stem-leaves lying clofe to the ftem. Flawer-fcales, 2 to each fruit-ftalk, fpear-ftiaped, alter- nate, concave. Petals ftrap-fpear-fhaped, a little concave, greatly expanding, greenifh on the outfide, of a full yellow within. Threads yellow. Tips fcarlet. Wi th, St. — Stem afcending, 4 inch, to a foot high. Leaves all bowed one way in the fame dire6lion as the ftem. Stem-leaves fometimes like the root-leaves, and above 2 inches long, but generally refembling fheath-like floral-leaves. Flowers in a terminating bunch, upright. Flower-fcales awl-fhaped, the lower at the bafe of the fruit-ftalk, and nearly as long, the upper thrice as fmall. Petals, the 3 outer awl-fhaped, the inner oblong-ftrap-fhaped. Threads faffron-coloured, covered with .thick white wool; the wool hair-like, knotted like a chain. Summit flightly nicked. Capfule fpear-egg-fhaped. Seeds oblong, tapering each way into briftle-fhaped tails nearly twice as long as the feed; dif- pofed lengthways and nearly as long as the feed-veffel. St. Afphodelus Lancajlrice. Ger, em. 96. n. 2, — Lancajhiret or Bajlard Afphodel. Turf bogs. [Derfingham Moor, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe. — Bogs in the north very common, Mr. Woodward. — —Birmingham Heath. With. St.] P. July. Aug. It is believed in Sweden to be noxious to Iheep, aryi has been fuppofed to foften the bones of animals that eat it, but this opinion wants confirmation. Cows and Horfes eat it. Sheep and Swine refufe It. 351 Lancajhlre i57‘ ASPA- 352 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA common 457. ASPAR'AGUS. Afparagus. Empal. Cup none. Bloss. Petals 6; oblong ; permanent ; conne6led by the claws into an upright tube. The 3 inner petals al- ternate ; reflefted at the top. Chives. 'Threads thread-fhaped ; Handing on the »petals ; upright ; fhorter than the bloffom. Tips roundifh . Point. turban-lhaped ; with 3 corners. Shaft very fhort. Summit a prominent point. S. Vess. Beny globular; with 3 cells and a dot at the end. Seeds 2 ; fmooth ; roundiili ; but angular on the infide. Ess. Char. Blofs. xmih 6 diviftons ; upright. The 3 innep petals bent back at the point. Berry 3 cells, and 2 feeds. Obs. It Is not eafy to fay whether the bloffom is compofed of i or 6 petals. Flowers pendant, though the pointal very fhort. ASPAR'.AGUS officina'Us. Stem herbaceous, cylindrical, upright. Leaves briftle-fhaped. *Leaf-lcales in pairs. Linn. — Solitary. St. Ludw. 78. — FI. dan. i}o^. — Mill. 55. — Sheldr. 83, fertile plant. — Matth. 477. — Fuchf. 58, cop. in Trag. 222, and J. B. ill. 726. I. — Ger. 949.* I. — Blackw. 332. — Cluf. ii. 179, repr. in Fkid. 703. I , Lob. obf. 458, and Ger. em. 1 1 10. i, and cop. in Park. 454. 3. — par. 501. 6. — Lonic. 141. 2. herbaceous, upright, panicled. Leaffcales, the outer fo- litary, with 2 fmaller ones within, from between which rife 3, and fometimes 4 and 5 flrap-fhaped leaves. This Is the cafe in the upper part of the branches vVhere there are no flowers, but in the lower part of the branches a fmall branch rifes In their ftead. Fruit-Jlalks in pairs, limber, bearing i flower, pendant, with a jointed knot. 5/q/}. bell-fhaped; inner petals longer. In the cul- tivated varieties the chives and pointalsare not on different plants.Liss. The wild varieties have chives and pointals on different plants. Go u an. — ^The cultivated as well as wild varieties have chives and pointals on different plants. Leers. — upright, or lying flat. Flowers, fomc with only chives, others with only pointals, and others again with chives and pointals. Berries with fometimes only i feed. Huns. — BraTzc/iCi alternate, with props, not leaves, at the^bafe. Propr folitary, membranaceous, brownifh; thofe at the bafe of the branches triangular-egg-fhaped, tapering out into a point; the bafe 353 VI. CHIVES, I. pointal; bafe aifo running down Into a pointed prominence; thofe at the bafe of the leaves heart-egg-fhaped, pointed, ragged at the edge, and often cracking at the tides, Its bafe inclofing the whole bundle of leaves; the 2 inner ones defcribed by Linnaeus not to be found. Dujl and feed produced on different plants. Flowers of the plants producing duJl nearly as large again. Chives nearly as long as the petals. Threads adhering to the petals for half their length. Tips oblong, upright, orange. Dujl orange. 5eeif-^ai.half as long as the threads, and as large as the other at the fame ftage of growth. Shqfl none. Flowers of the plants producing feeds notfo confpicuous, and of a greener and browner hue. Chives not half fo long as the petals. Tips whitilh, membranaceous, barren. Dujl none. Seeds generally 2, but fometimes 3. Fra^i^calion examined in cultivated plants, the reft from the wild and cultivated. St. — Blofs. yellowifli green. Berries red. Afparagus. Sparagus, corruptly Sparrowgrafs. Sperage. Meadows and rocks on the fea coaft. Lizard Point, Gravefend, and in the marfhes below Look’s Folly, two miles from.Briftol; about Harwich and Greenwich. Ray. — Ifte of Portland. Huns. — [In the Salt Marlhes below King’s Wefton, near Briftol, with Dr. Broughton. St.] P. July, The young fhoots of this plant. In its cultivated ftate, are very univerfally efteemed for their flavour and nutritious qualities.—* They impart to the urine the fcent of water in which they have been boiled. — The Sparagus Chryfomela lives upon it. 459, CONVALLA'RIA. Solomons-feal. Empal. Cup none. Bloss. I petal; bell-fliaped ; glofly. Border with 6 clefts ; fegments blunt ; expanding and reflefted. Chives. Threads 6; awl-fhaped ; ftanding on the petal ; fhorter than the blolTom. Tips oblong ; upright. Point, Beed-feud globular. thread-fhaped ; longer than the chives. Summit blunt ; 3-cornered. S. Vess. Berry globular ; with 3 cells ; fpotted before it is ripe. Seeds folitary; roundifh. Ess. Char. Blofoms with 6 clefts. Berry fpotted; zmth 3 cells. * Lily of the Valley, Blojfoms bell-Jhaped. CONVALLA'RIA maja'lis. Stalk naked.^ Vol. I. A a Lily 354 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Curt. V. 51 , jlawers the befl. — Ludw. 87, leaves the bejl. — Blackw. 70. — MattLSys. — Sheldr. 25. — FI. dan. 85^. — Ger. 331. 2, cop. in Pet. 44. y.^Park. 251. i, cop. in H. ox. xiii. 4. i, — Ger. em. 410. 2. — Dod. 205. i, repr. in Lob. obf. 87. r, Ger. em. 410. I. — Wale. — Ger. 331. r. — Fuchf. 241^ cop. in J. B. Hi. 531. 3f and Trag. 572. — Lonic. i. 183. 2. Blojfoms white, highly fragrant, Liss. —Pla7it fmooth. Root- feales fheathing, oblong, blunt, fcored, flefh-coloured. Leaves 2, fpear-fhaped, pointed, very entire, as long as the ftalk. Leaf- Jtalhs embracing the ftem. Stalk 2-edged, g inches high, with many flowers. Fruit-Jlalks thread-like, fhort, with i flower. Flower- /ca/e5 fpear-fhaped, membranaceous, white, at the bafe of the fruit-flalks, as fhort again as the fruit-ftalks. Flowers white, fweet feented. Lyons. — Leaves elliptical, generally 2, Flowers few, growing from one fide. Fruit-Jlalks arched. Flower -fcales, one at the bafe of each fruit-ftalk, fpear-fhaped, membranaceous. Blojfcms contracted at the mouth; fegraents refledted at the edge. Berries red . Mr. Woodward. Lily of the Valley. May Lily. Woods and heaths. Near Hampftead. [Wood» in Norfolk. Mr. Growe.] The flowers highly fragrant, but when dried of a narcotic feent. Reduced to powder they excite fneezing. An extract, prepared from the flowers, or from the roots, partakes of the bitternefs, as well as of the purgative properties of aloes. The dofe from 20 to 30 grains. A beautiful and durable green colour may be prepared from the leaves by the affiftance of lime. Sheep and Goats eat it. Horfes, Cows, and Swine refufe'it. ** Solomons-feal, Blojfoms fannel-jhaped. Jweef CONVALLA'RIA’ Polygona'tum. Leaves alter- nate, embracing the flem. Stem 2-edged. Fruit-ftalks from the bofom of the leaves, feldom fupporting more than I flower. — Ludw. 47.— f/. dan. 337. — Cbif. i. 276. i, repr. in Dod. 346. 1, Ger.em. 904.3, and cop. in J. B. Hi,. 529. 2, Park. 6g6. 3> fS- ox, xiii. I. 4, Pet. 44. 6, and Barr. 71 1. i. — Blackw. 251. 2.— Ger. ypfi. i. Stem from a fpan to near a foot high, of a harder te.xture than Hie multijiora . Flowers hrgt, fweet Icented. Linn. — SernA black. Pet. Mr. Woodward. — Stem angular, twilled. Leax>es oval- fp'ear-fhaped, half embracing the flem. Flowers, fometime 2, on long frult-flalks, hanging down on the fide oppofite to the direc- tion of the leaf, much larger than thofe of tlte other two fpecies, white. VI. CHIVES, I. POINfAL. gr^nifh white. S-edged, Blofi. Sweet Smelling Solomons-feal. FilTures of rocks near Wherf, Settle, and Skipton, Yorkfhire [Rocky part of Syke s Wood, near Ingleton, Yorkfhire. Curt.} ’ In a fcarcil, of provifions the ro'ots have'been made’tnTo bread! bhccp and Goals eat tt. Horfes, Cows, and Swine refnfe it pnf^lS, "alt. R^r ^ Woods on the nortl^ of Mendip Hills. i6. the bofom of the leaves, fupporting feveral flowers.— i!; Zo 585. cop. in J..B. / A ^75- 2, repr. in Dod. 6^6 o 9°3- i> co/i. m Park. 2I1 Z’ 44' 5-—Blackw'. 756.3 7’-rrag. ^gg.-Matth. 954, cop. in Ger. .Seme5 red. Petiv. and Trew in Blackw. black T R Pen# LICH. Mr. WooDWABD — Sim above fomewlial twilled and an! cal, or nearly fo. LoKer-feroei oval; apper ovol-fpear-lhaped half embracng the ftein. branched, ufually with a flowers above, s lower do,™, frequently 4 at bottom, and in gardens more. /lowers fma ler, and fegments more pointed than in C. Rygoae»,.wh.te l.pped w.th green. Mr. Wooi,WAaD.-/hnv! plks with from 3 to 7 flowers. St. “ • Woods. Bntmdean, Hamplhire; Roehill, Kent; about High Wickham, Bucks; Copfe at Gorleftone, Suffolk. Mr. Wico. Solmons-Jeat. J“ne. ’'‘’“u® '^“'a “ Afparagus, and the Toirr T fT C' Pi/ysonalm. L.nn. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. 0. Dwarf Englijh Solomons-feal. Ray. Woods in Wiltfhire. ib. 355 4[ar. HYAv I 356 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 461. HYACIN'THUS. Hyacinth. Em PAL. Cnp none. Bloss. I petal; bell-fliaped. Border with 6 clefts; re- flefted. Honey-cups; 3 pores filled with honey at the point of the feed-biad. Chives. ‘Threads 6; awl-ftiaped; rather fliort. Tip/ ap- proaching. Point. Seed-bud roundifli ; but with 3 edges, “and 3 fur- rows. Shaft fimple , fliorter than the blolfom. Sum- mit blunt. S.Vess. Capjule nearly cylindrical, with 3 corners, 3 cells, ai;d 3 valves. Seeds 2 for the mofi: part, roundifh. Ess. Char. Blojfoms bell-Jkaped, 3 honey-cup pores on the feed-bud. Harebell ' HYACIN'THUS swn-fcrip'tus. Bloffoms bell-fhaped, with 6 divifions, the ends rolled back. LiNxN. — Blolfoms cylindrical-bell-fliaped. Floral-leaves in pairs. Huds. Curt. ii. 24. — Cluf.i. 177. i, repr. in Dod. 216. 1 , Lob.ohf. 53. 2, Ger. em. in. i, and cop. in Ger. 99. i, andj, B. ii. 586. — Wale. — Fork. par. 125. 5, — Sivert. 13. i, 2, 3, and 4.— - (Blackw. 61, and H. ox. iv. ii. 8, not the plaiit.J Floral leaves generally longer than the blolToms. Summit moifl with a drop of liquor, bloffoms blue. Linn. — ^The honey- cup pores * not to be found. With. Relh. — Flotvers drooping, which diftin- guifnes it from the Scilla campanulata Ban k s 11,* a 'plant often found in our gardens, and bloffoming at the fame time. Curt. St. — Leaves flaccid, grafs-green, bending downwards. Thofe of S. '• camjmmlata are upright, ftiff, fea-green, fcored, refembling thofe of the Narciffus. /’/oicm have a peculiar feent, thofe of S. coth/?, different. Threads adhering longitudinally to the fegments of the bloffom, every other adhering almofl to the tips. It appears to me to, have more of the habit and even ftruiffure of Scilla than of Hyacinthns, St. Harebell. Englifk Hyacinth. Woods and hedges. ' P. May. The frefh roots arc poifonous. They may be converted into flarch. — bhalana Plantagmis lives upon it. wb-itc 2. Bloffoms clear white. Ray. St, Scadbuiy Park, Kent. Ray. — Near Worccftcr. St. fiefli coloured 3< Bloffoms flefll-coloured. R.\y. With. St. 4G3. AC'ORUS. VI, CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 357 468. A C ' O R U S Myrtlegi'afs. Empal. Spike-Jlalk cyVmdiical ; undivided; coveredbythe florets. Sheath none. Cup none. Bloss. Petals 6; blurt; concave; flexible; thicker up- wards, and generally lopped. Chives. Threads 6; rather thick; fomething longer than the petals. Tips thick ; terrriinaLing ; double conne61;ea. Point. Seed-bud hellying ; oblong; as long as the chives. Shaft none. Su7nmit a prominent point. S. Y Rss. Capfule {hovt; triangular; tapering each wav ; blunt. Cells 3. . - Seeds feveral ; oblong-egg-fhaped. Ess. Char. Sptke-jlalk cylindrical; covered xvilh florets. Blojfuin of 6 petals; naked. Shaft none. ' Capf. 3 cells. * ‘ • r A C ' O R U S Cal'amiis. — fweet Ludw. 34. — Leers 13. 12, fruSHfeation and fpihe. — Blachu. 466. — Cluf. i. ?3i. 2, repr^in Dad. 249.3, Ger. em. 62. i, and cop. in Park. 140, andj. B. ii. 734. — H. ox. viii. 13. 4. — C. B. th. §26. — Dod. 249. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 30. i,.and Ger. em. 62. 2. — Cluf i. 231. i, repr. in Lob. obf. 30, 2, two hfi not in flower. Root honzorxtdil. Leaves fword-ftiaped. 5/)?^ lateral, oblong. Lyons. — Leaves, one edge waved, the other even. Mr. Wood- ward.— Rooti to I inch, diameter, often i-| foot long or more, fending out a number of long coarfe fibres. The old one decays every year, but 2 young ones fhoot out from the crown of it. Leaves fword-fhaped, fheathing one another, fome plaited in a ferpentine line. Spike proceeding from the edge of the leaf, fettils fkinny, thin, crowned with a kind of horizontal hat. flatted, bordered with a leafy edge, and abpve the infertipn of the fpike expanding into a leaf. Threads oblong. With. — Petals ob- long, flightly keeled, of a thicker griftly fubftance at the end, which is bent obliquely inwards, flat, and generally 3-fided, Threads llrap-fhaped. Tips yellow, narrower than the threads. St. Myrtle Flag. Sweet Smelling Flag, or Calamus. Banks of rivers with a muddy bottom. R. Yare, near Norwich. Hedly In Surry, in Chefhire, near Cambridge, Hounflow Heath, near Harefield. [R. Waveney, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. — R. Avon, near Perfhore. Mr. Ballard. — R. at A a 3 Tamworth, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Tamworth, at the bottom of Mr. 01derfhaU’’s garden. With.] P. May. June. The root powdered might fupply the place of our foreign fpices. It is our only native true aromatic plant. Linn. The powder of the root has cured agues when the Peruvian Bark has failed. The roots have a ftrong aromatic fmell, and a warm, pungent, bilter- ifh tafte. The flavour is greatly improved by drying. They are commonly imported from the Levant, but thofe of our own growth are full as good. The Turks candy the roots, and think they are a prefervative againft contagion. Neither Horfes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, or Swine will eat it. 471. JUN'CUS. Rufh. Empal. 2 valves. 6 leaves; oblong; tapering; permanent. Bloss. none; unlefs you call the leaves of the coloured cup petals. Chives, ‘threads 6; hairlike; very fhort. Tips ohlongi upright ; as long as the cup. Point. .3-cornered, tapering. Shaft fhort; thread-lhaped. Summits 3 ; long ;' thread-fliaped ; woolly ; bent inwards. S.Vess. Capfule covered ; 3-cornered; with i cell, and 3 valves. Seeds feveral ; roundifh. Ess. Char, Empal. 6 leaves, Blofs, o. Capfule i cell, Obs. Empalement brown, or approaching to black, %vhere it is not exprefleA to be otherwife. W 1 th. — Horfes eat the tops when young, but leave them when full grown. St. i ^ * Strazvs nahed. ffd JUN'CUS acuHus. Straw nearly bare, cylindrical, fharp- pointed. Panicle termjnatitig. Fence of 2 leaves, thorny. Barr. 203. 2. — C. B. pr. 21. 2, repr. in th. 173, andcop. inparh. 1 193. o-T. viii. 10. 15.— fjf. B. ii. 520. 3, is, ljujpect, d dfferht plant.) Panicle cfoud’ed, clofe, from 2 to 3 inches long. Fence, the fhsath of the outer leaf from i| to 2 iflehes long, tenninating in . a ftiff, pungent leaf, 1 or if inch long; that of the inner leaf about I in. long, terminating in a fharp point about f in. long. Scheuch, pricking large Sea-rujh. gand ^ills on the fea coaft of Mcrioucthfhire. Ray. 0. Panicle VI. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 359 0. Panicle long, not fpreading, from 3 to 6 inches long, cpn- fifting of 2 principal branches, one of which is from 3- to upwards of 6 inches long, the other very Ihort, immediately dividing into lefTer branches. Fence, the fheath of the outer leaf about 1 inch long, terminating in a very (harp-pointed pungent leaf, from 3 to upwards of 6 inches long; that of the’ mier about ^ inch long, ending in a finely tapering leaf from | to i inch long. Sheuch. « St. — Fcv.ce, leaves extremely rigid and (harp. Grows in tufis near 6 feet high. I am doubtful whether it be not a variety of J. htflex, Mr. Woodward. ’ Park. 1193. 7» well done. (Mr. Woodward. St.J — if. ox. vlii. 10. 14. Sea Hard Rafk. Salt marfhes, about Maiden, EfTex, and weft coaft of Wa.les. [Coaft of Norfolk. Mr. Crowe, Mr. Woodw. and Lancaffiire. M.r. Wood.] P. July. Aug. JUN'CUS conglomera'tus. Straw naked, very ftraight. romid headed Head lateral. — Mattk. 1036. — Leers 13.' i, fniBificalion and head.—J. B. ii. 520, 2. — H. ox. viii. 10. 7. — Park. 1191. 3. — Nearly allied to the J. effufus. Linn. — Empal. hujk, valves fmall, fleinny. Cup, leaves (kinny at the edge. Seeds kidney-fhaped. With. — C'Aii/e5 always 3, never 6. Leers. Relhan. St. — Seeds oblong, fomewhat boat-fhaped. St . Moift meadows and heaths. P, July. Aug. Ufed to make wicks for watch lights, and the pith in toys. JUN'CUS effufus. Straw naked, quit« ftraight. ffft Panicle lateral. — i Leers 13. 2, panicle and fruefification. — Dod. 605. 2, repr. in Lbh. 43. 2, Ger. em. $5 ‘ i.—H. ojr. viii. 10. /^.—Park. i-rgi. 2, —J. B. ii. 521. 1,— C. B. th. B. ii. 520. i, is J. injlexus.j 'Chives.^. Relhan, Seaves. — Wet meadows and paftures. P. Jupe.; — Aug. Rufhes are fometimes ufed to make little balktts. The pith of this and the preceding fpecies is ufed inftead of cotton to make th* wick of rulh-lights. Horfes and Goats eat it. 0. Hall, and Huds. Juncus infiexus, which fee. t JUN'CUS mpsdus. Straw naked, tnembranaceous, hard and bowed in at the end. Panicle lateral.— A a 4 Leers HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Leers 13.3. — Ger. 31.2. — C. B.th. 184, cop. in H. ox. viii. 10. 25. — H. ox. ib. 13. — Dod. 605, 3, repr. in Lob. obf. 43. 3, Ger. m. 35. 4. — Barr. 204. — J, B. ii. 520. 1. — C521. 1, is _ 7- Chives 6. Relhan. By no means a variety of J. effiifus. Mr. Woodward. Paftures and road fides in a moift foil. P. July. A Horfe refufed it. St. leajl fUfor'mis. Straw naked, thread-fhaped,. nodding. Panicle lateral. — Leers 13. 4. — Scheuch. 7. ii. — Bhik. 40. 8. Straw {lender, 6 inches high. Ray — So as hardly to fupport it- felf. Panicle not always expanded, about the middle of the ftraw. Turfy bogs on mountains. Not far from Amblefide. Ray. P. Aug. trifid JUN'CUS trlf'idus. Straw naked, terminated by 3 leaves and flowers. Linn. — Rather, Leaves 3 at the end of the ftraw, with torn leaf-fcales. St.* — Flowers fometimes I and 2. Lightf. — And 4. Mr. Woodward. Light/. 9. I. atp. 1 86.' — Jacq. vind. 4. i. — FI. dan. 107. — C. B. pr. 22. 2, repr. in th. 185. 2, the head cop. in Park. 1195. 3. — J. '' B. ii. 521. I. ‘ Thefpecimens I found had all fingle flowers. Lightf. — Spe- cimen-from Scotland with 4 flowers-. Leauwfheatb-like at the bafe; Jheath in the larger fpecimens membranaceous at the point and edges; point torn into fine hair-like fegments; in the fmaller ron- lifting of 2 egg-awl-fliaped brown leaf-fcales, one on each fide, one lapping over the other and inclofing the ftraw, torn into long whitifh briftle-fhaped fegments. St. Bogs on the fummits of the Highland mountains. P. June. • * • * fnojs JUN'CUS /(juarro'fus. Straw naked. Leaves hr iftle- I fhaped. Heads congregated, leaflefs, Linn. — Rather, Pani- cle terminating. Flacmi'-Jheaths fometimes running out into leaves. St. FI. dan. 430. — H. ox. viii. 9. 13. — Park. 1193. 2. — fGer. 18. 4, cop.inC. B. th.y8. — Ger. em. 21. 4, cop. in Park. 1270. 6, the middle jlraw has a terminating /pike like the barren fpike of a Carex. * FoUi^ iribus term'malibus, flipulis lacerit. St-. The 36 1 VI. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. The whole /)/anf ftifF. Leaues expanding. Linn. Mqfs Rufh. Goofe Com. Barren turfy bogs on heaths. ‘ P. June. July. Horfes eat it. The leaves lying clofe to the ground elude the Lroke of the feythe. It indicates a barren foil. * * Straws leafy. •f* Juncus trijidus, which fee above. J U N'C U S comprej'fus. Curt. cat. n. 628. Jlat-flalked JUNICUS articida'tus. Leaves with knotty joints, jointed Petals blunt. — «. apiaticus. Linn. Leaves comprefTed. Panicle once divided. Hall. H. ox. viii. g. 2. /. g, the 3 right hand Jlraws. — C. B.pr. 12. li repr.inth. 76. 2, and cop. inPark. 1270. 5. — Ger. em. 22. g. — y. B. 11. 521. 2. — Ger. 12: I. ; The leaves are not fo properly jointed as feparated tranfverfely by partitions, which become vilible when prelfed by the fingers or held againfi: the light. Linn. — Leaves in bundles, fheathing each other, thin, fcored and membranaceous at the bafe; awl-fhaped towards the top. Howerr about 6 in a head. {jurplifh brown. Chives Ihorter than the empalement. lips ftraw-coloured. Pointal as long as the empalement. Summits purplifh. Seed-bud with 3 furrows, corners blunt. With. Wet meadows and paftures. P. July. Aug. p. Producing bundles of leaves in place of flowers. Linn. — Leafy fpikes reddifh, occafioned by an infect having takeri up' its abode in it. Ray. — Of the Coccus tribe. Lightf. — I have feen them abounding with minute infedis. With. St.— The /Icaras , gymnopterorumf fame vtry fmall ones not larger than Cheefe Mites, and a maggot of the Flefti Fly. Flowers as ufual from the fame roots. St. C. B. pr. 12. 2, repr. in th. 77. — H. ox, viii. g. ?. /. g, left hand ■ ftem. Bogs. Sept. y. Sylvaticus. Linn. — Leaves cylindrical. Hall. H. ox. viii. g. i.f.a. Whether this and a be fpecifically diftindt, or merely varieties from difference of foil, i^ a fubjedl of future enquiry. Linn. — r They appear to be varieties. Retz. St. — And thofe not conftant. Retz. y. Huds. Mr. Woodw. St. — Leaves briftlc-fhaped. Capfulcs much fmaller. Ray. H. ox. 362 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. H. ox. viil. g. row 2. 3. Sandy heaths. [Bogs on Birmingham Heath. St.] viviparous 4. Leaves brillle-Biaped. Heads roundifh, with leafy bulb* intermixed. St.- H. ox. ib, 4. — Scheuch. 7. 10. — Fluk. 32. 3. Stem to 10 inches high. Leaves with knotty joints. I at firft imagined It, with Ray and Haller, to be a diflincl fpecies, not being able to difcover the knots in the leaves, but, on a more attentive' ■examination, I was fatisfied of their exiftence. St. Juncus viviparus. Curt. atf. n. 629. Bogs on Birmingham Heath. P. Aug. St. 5. Hulks white. Not common. Mr. Woodward. bulbous J UN'CU S bulbo'fus. Leaves ftrap-fliaped, channelled. Capfules blunt. — Leers 13. 7. — H. ox. vili. g. ii. — J. B. ii. 522.3. — FI. dan. — Barr. 114, and 747. i and 2. — (Gmel. i. 17. 2, a different plant.) Roots creeping, thick together. Straws thread-fhaped, a litde comprelfed. f/oral-Zcauci as long as the broad-topped fpikes. Ge- neral and partial Broad-topped Spikes unequal. Capfules egg-fhaped, brown, fhining. Linn. Straws 2 inches to 2 feet high. Mr. Woodward. Wet meadows and heaths. [Sea coaft. Salt water ditches, near Yarmouth. Mr. Woodward.] Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Horfes eat it. toad J UN'CU S Straw forked. Leaves angular. Flowers folitary, fitting. — Leers 13. 8. — H. ox. viii. g. 14. — Ger. em. 4. 4. — Ger. 4. 4, cop. in Park. rigb. 8.— Barr. 263. i. — Rofe 2. 5 and 6, and Pet. gaz. 51.7, reprefent it in ks feedlmg Jlate. Capfules brown, Ihining. greater ^ Barr. 264. — 263. 2. leaft I Park. 1270. ii. Much fmaller, lefs branched, reddilh, flowering a month or 6 weeks earlier. Ray. viviparous 6. Lightf. Wiggf.rs. Sandy meadows and paftures, efpecially in places that have been overflowed in the winter. A. July. Aug. - Horfes eat it. In its infant ftate it has been gathered, though but by few. Li nn. — See figures above. JUN'CUS VI. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 363 J U N ' C U S biglu'mis. Leaf awl-fliaped. Hufk with 2-jlowered 2 iiowers, terminating. Linn. — Rather jlower-leaves than hujh. Si'. FL dan. 120. — Amoen. acad. ii. 3. 3. Root fibrous, limple, perpendicular. Straw foraewhat more than a thumb’s breadth high, cylindrical, marked with a lingle longitudinal fcore, at the root furrounded by the remains of 4 or 5 decayed leaves. Lecf fingle, as long as the ftraw, glolTy, cylindrical, as thick again as the ftraw, at the point tubular and dead ; channelled below, ftieathing the ftraw from the middle to the bafe. Hufk, outer valve large, egg-fhaped, tapering, blackifh purple, green on the back, keeled; the lower as fmall again, pointed, blackifh purple on both fides. Petaiy fpear-fhaped, blackifh purple; the 3 outer marked within along the middle with a greenifh line. Threads white, 3 inferted into the bafe of the petals, 3 fixed to the bafe of the feed- bud. Seed-bud blunt, corners with a kind of fringe. Sumviits pur- plifh, as long as the fhaft. Agrees in many refpecls with J. triglu- mis, but other circumftances will not permit it to be confidered as a variety. Linn. — Straw a finger high, naked. Leaveskw, fcarcely half the length of the ftraw, flat. Fence, outer valves awl-fhaped, longer than the flowers; inner oval and fhorter. Perhaps only a variety of J. triglumis. Lightf. Upon the top of Mal-ghyrdy a mountain between Glenlochy and Glenlyon, and upon BenTefkerny, both in Breadalbane. Difco- vered by Mr. Stuart. ' P. Aug. J U N'C U S glau'cus. Curt. cat. n. 632. glaucous J UN 'C U S triglu'mis. Leaves flat. Hufk with 3 flowers, ^-Jlowered terminating. — FL dan. 132. — Lightf. 9. 2. — FI. lapp. 10. 5, — H. ox. viii. 12. 40, referred by Limueus to Schcenus ferrugineus. Leaves grafs-Iike, fheatl^ing the ftraw at the bafe. Straw Ample, leaflefs. Flowers fitting. Linn. — Hujk and capfules chocolate-co- loured. Lightf. Bogs, on mountains, on Xrigvylchau, near Llanberrys, and Llyn y Cwn, near Snowdon; Eaft fide of Craig-Chealleach above Finlarig Breadalbane, See. See Lightf. p. 1 120. P. June. — Aug. JUN'CUS pilo'fus. Leaves flat, hairy. Broad-topped hairy (pike branching. Linn. — Flowers folitary. Huns. St. Leers 13. 10. — H. ox. viii. 9. row i. i.f. 3. — Ger. era. 19. i, cop. inPark. 1184. i. — Ger. 17. i,repr. in C.B. tk. loi. — (FI. din. 441, is J. fylvalicus.J Lea,ifes HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Leaves, hairs at the edges thin-fet, and foon falling off. Fanide, branches, foine firaple, others forked, part of them bent back. ScHEuen. St. — Learn often longer than the ftraw. Hnjk, valves inoftly blunt, and gnawed at the end, but frequently (taper and fliarp pointed, chefnut-coloured, with white membranaceous edges. Petals gloffy, blackifh chefnut, with white membranace- ous edges. Flowers from i| to 2 lines long. St. Woods, common. P. Apr. May. Goats, Sheep, and Horfes eat it. Cows refufe it. ze>ood JUN'CUS fylvat'icus. Leaves flat, hairy. Broad- topped fpike doubly compound. Flowers bundled, fitting. H u Ds . — Broad-topped fpike longer than the flower-leaves. Flowers moflly 2 together, rather than bundled. St.* FL dan. 441. — H. ox. viii. g. row i. 2, f. 4. — J. B.ii. 403. 2. — ■ C. B. pr. 15. I, repr. in th. 102, and cop. in park. 1185. 3, and H. ox. viii. 9. row ijl J. 5, between 2 and 3. Leaves in bundles, edges cloiely befet with long hairs. Fanide larger and more fpreading than that cf.J. pilofus; branches termi- nated generally by 2, and fonjetinies by i or 3 flowers. Plujk, valves fnarp-pointed. PetaL equal, chefnut-coloured. Scheuch. St. — Leai/e5 bov/ed downwards, flifF;lh, 'fliorter than the ftra-ws. Broad topped Jpibe, primary branches more than twice as long as the central divilions; fecondary &c tertiary branches afeending, none bent back as in y. pilflf. Flcivers to nearly if line long. PetoL whitifh at the edge. It is not cafy to conceive how the duft is conveyed to the pointal, for the tips do net Ihed their duft till a confld'erable time after the pointal has made its way thro’ the bloflbm, which, clofing upon the chives and feed-bud, one fhould imagine wouM prevent any of the duft from efcaping fp as to reach the fummits. I fufpedt the blolfom e.Kpands when the duft is ripe, but I have never been able ' to find it in that flpiation. St, Woods and hedges, near Kampftead. [Whitfell Gell, near Aflcrig, Yorkfhire, and at the bottom of the Rye-loaf near Settle. Curt. — Witchery Hole, near Clifton upon Teme, Worcefterfh. Mr. Ballard, St.] P.May. feld JUN'CUS campeptris. Leaves flat, fomewhat hairy. Spikes fitting, and on fruit- flalks. — ■ . — . ^ * Corymbo foliis floralibus longiore, floribus fubbifloris, to dillipguifli it frpm y. niveus and nemoiofus of Pollich, St. , Cairff VI. CHIVES, I.-POINTAL. 3G5 Carf, lii. 24. — C. B. pr. 15. 2, rclr. in th. 103. — 11. ox. vlii. g, roxv I. 4. — Leers 13. 5. — j. B. ii. 403. 3. — Ger. evi. 17. 2, • cop. in Park. 1185. 6.— Ger. iG. 2. Straw cylindrical, fniooth, a fpan hiqh. Lecoei alternate, upright, flieathing, fpear-lhaped, hairy at the edge. Spikes roundifh, i litting, the reft, about 4» oo unegual fruit-ftalks. Enipalevieiit pointed. Summits^, longer than the cmpalenient, twifted. Lyons. Paftures, meadows, and heaths. p. April. May. y Panicle larger, more compact. Spikes gipbular. Straw and globe-headed leaves as long again. Ray. H. ox. viii. g. roiv i. /. i, in the left hand corner.— Ger. 16. I, repr.in C. B. th. 104, cop. in Park. n86, and J. B. ii. > 468. 2. Turfy bogs, common. P. Flowers a month later. Sheep, Goats, and Horfes eat it. ] U N' CU S fptca'tus. Leaves flat. Spike bunch-like, nodding. — , Pl. dan. 270. — FI. lapp. 10. 4. Very nearly allied to, if not a variety o{ J. campejlris. Linn. — I have feen the J. campejlris growing with ii; but they are perfectly diftindl. Dr. Smith. Near the fummits of the Highland mountains. On Bcn-na- feree, InVernefsfh. Mal-ghyrdy in Breadalbane, and on a moun^ tain a little to the north of Meggerny. [On the very fummit of Ben Lomond. Dr. J. E. Smith.] P. July. Aug. 476. BER'BERIS. Barberry. Empal. Cup 6 leaves ; fl:anding wide. Leaver egg-fhaped ; narrovveft at the bafe ; concave ; coloured ; decidu- ous ; alternately fmalJer. Bloss. Petals 6 ; roundifh ; concave ; not quite upright ; fcarcely larger than the cup. Honey-cups 2 roundifh coloured fubflances, growing to the oafe of' each petal. Chives. ‘Threads 6; upright; comprefTed; blunt. Tips 2 ; adhering to each fide of the thread, at the end. Point. Sccd-fcud cylindrical ; as long as the chives. Shaft. none. Summit cylindrical and flat ; broader than the feed-bud ; encompaffed by a fharp border. S. Vess. Berry cylindrical ; blunt; dimpled; with i cell. Seeds 2; oblong; cylindrical; blunt. Ess. common HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ess. Char. Empal. 6 leaves. Petals 6; zmtk 2 glands at the claws. Shaft o. Berry xmth 2 feeds. BER'BERIS vulga'ris. Fruit-ftalks in bunches. Syjl. veg. — Thorns 3-forked. Fl.fuec. and Mukr, Mill. 63. — Blackw. 1G5. — Fuchf. 543. — Trag. 993. — Cluf. i. 120. 2, repr. in Dod. 750, Lob.obf. 599. 2, Ger. em. 1325, and cop. in Park. 1559. — J. B. i. 6. 54. — Ger. i r44. — Lon. i. 46. I . — ( Blackw. ib. 2 , is furely a fpecies of Pruniis.) The frjl leaves inverfcly egg-fhaped, between fcrrated and fringed, not jointed. Leqffcales terminated on each fide by a hair-like tooth. Stm-feOTCi alternate, thelowermoft fomevvhat wing cleft, with thorny teeth; the reft are changed into 3-forked thorns. The fecondary leaves in pairs, oblong, ferrated., Betw’een the lower- moft leaves and the thorns are concealed lelfer leaves. Thus, when the leaves of the prefent year are changed into thorns, others will fucceed to take place of them in the next. Is thei'c any inftance analogous to this? LiNN._/p. pi. — Leaffcales folitary, 3-forked, changing into thorns. Fl. fuec. St. — In fearching for the honey-cup at the bafe of the petals when the flower is fully expanded, if you happen to touch the threads, though ever fo (lightly, the tips btirft and throw out the dnjl with a confiderable expanfive force. — The threads of this plant, though faid by Linnaeus to be upright before the tips are ripe, are only expanding; and only upright after they have fhed their dnJl, or arc about to do it. When the tips are tho- roughly ripe, if the bottom of the thread be irritated with a pin, or a ftraw, the chive rifes with a fudden fpring, and ftrikes the tip againft the fummit of the pointal; affording a remarkable in- ftance of one of the means ufed to perform the important operation of impregnation. Mr. What ely, from Dr. Sims. — Blofs. yellow, fometimes ftreaked with orange. Berries red. With. Barberry. Fipperidge-bulh. Woods and hedges. On Chalk Hills. About Walden, EfTex. S. May. June. The leaves are gratefully acid. The flowers are offenfive to the fimell when near, but at a proper diftance their odour is extremely fine. The berries are fo very acid that birds rvill not eat them, but boiled with fugar they form a moft agreeable rob or jelly. They are ufed likewife as a dry fweetmeat and in fugar-plumbs. An infufioii of the bark in white wine is purgative. The roots boiled in lye dye wool yellow. In Poland they dye leather of a moftbeau- tiful yellow' with the bark of the root. The inner bark of the ftems dyes linen of a fine yellow, with the affiftance of alum. This ihrub fhould never be peimitted to grow in corn lands, for the ears VI. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. ears of wheat that grow near it ne\tr fill, and its influence in this refpedl has been known to extend as far as 3 or 4 hundred yards acrofs a field. With, Cows, Sheep, and Goats cat it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. Linn. — And the former refilled the young leaves picked off the branches. S'v. s 481. FRANKE^NIA. Frankwort. Empal. Cup I leaf; nearly cylindrical; lo-cornered ; permanent. Rim with 5 fliarp teeth ; Handing out. Bloss. Petals 5 ; the claim as long as the cup ; border flat ; limbs nearly cylindrical and expanding. Honey-cup a channelled, tapering claw, fixed to each claw of the petals. Chives. 7’hreads 6; as long as the cup. ‘Pips roundifh ; double. Point. Seed-bud oblong. Shaft Ample; as long as the chives. Summits 3 ; oblong ; upright ; blunt. S. Vess. Capfule ova\; of i cell, and 3 valves. Seeds many; egg-fhaped; fmall. Ess. Char. Empal. funnelfhaped; xvith 5 clefts. Petals 5. Summit 6 divijions. Capjule 1 cell; ^valves. Obs. To be referred to the natural order of Perfonatas. FRANKE'NI A Ice'vis. Leaves flrap-fhaped, crowded, fmoprlh fringed at the bafe. — O Michel. 22. I. — Lob. adv. 180. 3, repr. in Ger. em.566. 3. — Barr. 714. — J. B. lii. 703. 2. — Bet. 10. u. — (Bark. 1484, has tiled leaves.) Leaves rolled back at the edge, fomewhat fringed on each fide at the bafe. Tfoi^/erratthe divifions of theftem, and in the middle of a bundle of leaves, folitary, fitting. Shaft deeply cloven into 3. Relhan. — Stem and leaves thinlylprinkled with white globular particles. Leaves fiefhy, egg-lhaped, but the edges being rolled in they appear almoft cylindrical with a groove underneath, flatted at the bafe. Empal. with 6 or 7 ribs and as many teeth, Betals v.'cdge-fhaped, a little fcolloped at the end. Honey-cup a flefhy fcale, fixed to the bafe of each petal. Tfiread s tzper, flat on one fide, convex on the other. Tips yellow. Shaft cloven half way down into 3 fegments. With. — Stems numerous, branched, traib ing. Blqjfoms purple. * Salt- 3^7- 368 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Salt marfhcs in a muddy foil. Lovingland, near Yarmouth, Hies of Shepey and Thanet; ElTex, SufTcx, and Kent, common. [Near Yarmouth. Mr. Crowe. J (iujly FRANKE'NIA pulverulen'ta. Leaves inverfely egg- fhaped, dented at the end, drifted underneath. — Cluf. ii. i86. 2, repr. in Dod.^yG, and Ger. cm. 566. 2. — Zanon. ' 79’ — ^9^- 2. Stems lying flat, flender, branching; knots about a finger’s breadth from each other. Leauw 4 at a joint, hoary underneath. Floivers in the bofom of the leaves. Mont, in Zanon. St. — Sitting. Leaves with very fhort hairs underneath, edges not rolled in, on fhort leaf-ftalks. tough, rigid, with 5 angles; teeth up- tight. St. / > Sea coaft of SufT. between Bognor & Brighthelmftone. A. July. t 482. PEP'LIS. Purflane. ■4 Emp AL. Cup I leaf ; bell-fhaped ; ver^ large ; permanent. Rim with 12 teeth; every other bent back. Bloss. Petals 6; egg-fliaped; yery minute ; growing from the mouth of the cup. CniyKS. "Threads' 6; awl-fliaped; fliort. round ifh. Point. Seed-bud egg-{hzped. Shaft very (hoit. Summit cylindrical and flat. S. V ESS. Capfide heart-fhaped. Cells 2 ; with an oppoftte partition. • > Seeds many; 3-cornered; fmall. Ess. Char. Empalement bell-Jkaped; mouth with 12 clefts. . Petals 6, inferted into the cup. Capfule, cells 2. Obs. In the greater number of the flowers, of one and the fame plant, the bloflbm is altogether wanting. xvater PEP'LIS Por'tula. Flowers without petals. Linn. — More commonly without. Linn.- — Rather, Flowers with 6 ' chives. St.* Curt.lv. 48. — Vain. 15:5. — FI. dan. 64. — Mich. 18. i. — Ger.em. 614. II, cop. in Park. 1260. 4. — J. B. iii. 372. 3, leaves too pointed. Leaves the thinneft of all plants. Linn. — Stem creeping, 4-cor- nered, reddifli. Branches upright, 3 inches long. Leaves oppofite, fpatub- • * Jloribus hexaiidris. St. yi. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. fpatula-fliaped, fmooth, very entire. Flowers from tfie bofom of the leaves, fitting. Lyous.— Petals very foon falling olF, fome- times, though rarely, 6. Relh. — Inverfely egg-fhaped. They are thin, but not more fo than feveral of the Euphorbias and ma- ny aquatics. Petals 6, inverfely egg-fliaped, with a-fharp point, expanding, inferted at the bafe of the long teeth of the empaleraent, pale red, readily falling off. St.— Stem rooting at the joints. Leaves tapering below into flat leaf-ftalks. Blofs. very frequently wanting. reddilh purple. comprefled. With. — nu- merous, creeping. Leaves oppofite; two at each joint. Blofs. fit- ting at the bafe of the leaves, purplifh. Marfhy and watery places. p. Sept. Order II, TRIGYNIA; 111. point ALS. 485. RU'MEX. Dock. Em PAL. Ca/) 3 leaves ; blunt; refle6led; permanent. Bloss. Petals egg-fhaped; not unlike the cup, but ‘ larger; approaching; permanent. CvLW'B.s. 'Threads 6; hair-like; veryfhort. TJ/jj upright ; double. Point. Seed-bud turban-fhaped ; 3-cornered. Shafts^; hair-like; refle6led; ftanding out in the fpaces be- tween the approaching petals. Summitshige; jagged, S.Vess. none. The bloffom approaching, and becom- ing 3-comered, contains the feed. Seeds hngle; 3-fided. Ess. Char. Empalement 3 leaves* Petals 3, approaching* Seed I, g-fguare. Obs. In fome of the fpecies a callous grain or bead grows on , the outfide of the petals, (or the ripe petals, when they inclofe the feed. St.) * Chives and pointals in the fame flower. Valves marhed with a grain. RU'MEX fanguin'eus. Valves very entire, only i Jmall-grained with a grain. Leaves heart -fpear-fhaped. — Vol. I. Bb u bloody. 370 bloodlefs curled HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 1. bloody. Munt. brit. 113, cop. hiphyt. 691. 196. — Tet. 2. 5. — J.B. ii. 989. I. — Blachv. 492. — Dod, 650. 2, repr. in Lob. obj. 154, ic. 5. . 290. 1, Ger.em. 390, and cop. in Park. 1226.10, and H. ox. V. 27. 6. Leaves with red veins containing a blood-coloured juice. Outer valve of the flower with a large red globular grain, andfometiines the other with a fmall grain. It migrated from Virginia to Hamp- fled in England. Linn.— reddifh. Bloodwort. — Woods near Hampfted, but not frequent, and near Maidftone, Kent. B. July. 2. Leaves without red veins. Ray. St. Qvrt. iii. 31.* — Blachv. 491. — Pet. 2. 6. / Leaves finely notched, curled at the edge. Stem-leaves ufually waved. Flowers pendant, in half whorls. Fruit-fialks with a joint at the bale.. Valves thrice as fmall as any of the other fpecics, ob- long, bluntifh, very entire; one, and that the outer, always bear- ing a little grain, which is atfirft oblong, but at length becomes round and prominent. In fhady fituations pale, in expofed fitu- ations very red. Curt, St. Lapatlnmviride. R. Jyn. 141, Woods, hedges, fides of rivers and roads, and fometimes in fields and meadows. P. June. July. RU'MEX crlf'pus. Valves entire, with grains. Leaves’ fpear-fliaped, waved, pointed. Linn.— Fa/m tmperfe6ily toothed towards the bafe^ in Jome plants generally, only i, and rarely 2 imth grains. St. Curt. ii. 18. — Munt. brit. 104, cop. inphyt. 690. 190. — Ger. 312. 4, cop. in Pet. 2. 2. Grains on the valves very large, nearly round. Mr. Woonw. — Root yellow. Curt. — Fa/m round heart-fhaped, with a bluntifh imperfedl angle on each fide, giving it the appearance of a penta- gon, veined; graini roundifh egg-fhaped, prominent; the larger more than half as long as tlje valve. St. Meadows, paftures, road fides, and cultivated ground. In al- moft all foils. P. June. July. In Norfolk it is the peft of clover fields. Mr. Woodward. The frefh roots bruifed and made into an ointment or decoiflion cure the itch. The feeds have been given with advantage in the. dyfentery, — Cows and Goats refufe it. *■ Named R.acutus, but it cannot be the R. acuiut !,/«»► which is charao terffed with toothed valves. Mr. Woouwarc. St. RU'MEX VI. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. 37, R U ' M E X marlt'imus. Valves toothed, with grains, golden Leaves ftrap-fliaped. — Huds. — Whorls of flowers fewer. Seeds larger. Pluk. Curt. iii. 28. — Lob. obj. 151. 2, repr. in ic. i. 286. i, and Ger, ' em. 389. 2, cop. in Park. 1225. 8, andj. B. ii. 987. 2. — Pet. 2. 7. Root red. Linn. — Differs from R. acutus in the whorls of flowers being more numerous and clofely fet, and the leaves below the whorls being fhorter. Ray. — Seeds larger, and whorls of flowers fewer than in variety 2. Pluk. — Root without of a reddifh brown, ■within of a beautiful carmine red. Leaves fometimes found with red veins, like ihoie of R^. Janguineus. Valves green, with 2 or 3 fine long teeth on each fide; grams oblong, rather large. Curt. — ■ very leafy. Mr. Woodward. Rumex aureus. Relh. an unjuftifiable change of what ought to be inviolate. % Hydrolapathum minus. Park. 1225. — (Lapaihum aciitum minimum. R. fyn. 141. n. 5, feems rather to be a variety of R. acutus. — Haller 1590, has “ valves entire at the edge." J St. Road fides, and amongft rubbifh. Tothill Fields, London. Pluk. — St. George’s Fields, and many places about London. Ray. Curt. ' P. July. — Sept. a. Huds. Whorls crowded, and when ripe covering the branches fo as to give them the appearance of fpikes. Flowers yellow. St-. Pet. 2. 8. — y. B. ii. 988. i. Bur Gold Dock.—Lapathum aureum. R. fyn. p. 142. n. 10. Stem branched, fcored, cylindrical. Leaves pointed, flat, fmooth on both fides, keeled. Flowers keeled, in whorls, numerous. Fafi/eJtriangular, pointed, deeply toothed, all with grains. Lyons. — I am clearly of opinion that this is a diftindl fpecies, and which may be diftinguiftied by Petiver’s name of aureus, which Mr. Rel- han has improperly applied to the true R. maritimus. St. Inmarfhes; about Crowland, Lincolnfhire; near the Trent at Svvarfton, Derbyfhire; and between Hithe and the fea. Ray.— Sea coaft, in low wet places. Solway Frith. Lightf. — [Severn Stoke, Worcefterftiire. Mr. BallaIid. St.] P. July. Aug. R U ' M E X acu'tus. Valves toothed, with little grains. Jharp-pointed Leaves heart-oblong, taper-pointed. — Fuchf. 461, cop, inj. B, ii. 984. i. — Lonic. i. 87. x.—Pet. 2. 3. — H. ox. V. 27. 3, leaves. — (In Matlh. 446, imitated in Dod. 648. I, whichrepr. in Lob.obf. 150. 2, ic. i. 284. i, Ger.em. 388. I, and cop. in Park. 1225. i, and Munt. brit. 88, which B b 2 cop. 372 HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. IroadAeaved cop. in phyt. i8g, the Jlowers are on long foUlary fruU-Jlalks. — • Blachw. ^gi, feems to be R. fanguineus, variety 2. — Curt. iii. 31, is R. fanguineus, variety 2, which fee.) Teeth of the^/wei, feveral on each fide, unequal, equal in length to the diameter of the valve. Linn. — Leaves flat through- out, not curled, very entire, f/ore/erj greenifh, in whorls on the flem and branches. A jiower-lenf to each whorl, extending a good way beyond the whorl. Pollich. — Flowers In feparate whorls, with a ftrap-fhaped leaf to each whorl. Seeds more than as fmall again as the R. obtufifolius and crijpus. RAV.-^Stm upright, branch- ing, angular, fcored> folid. Branches upright. Leaves on leaf- flalks, pointed, fmooth, veined underneath, keeled. LeaJ-Jlalks fcored, half embracing the flem. Leaf-fcales membranaceous, within the leaf-ftalks, and without the fruit-fialks. Flowers in whorls. Valves ferrated below, oblong, bluntifh, one of them with a grain. Lyons. — I have never feen this plant. What Is com- monly taken for it has “ valves very entire, one of them with a “ grain," as deferibed by Mr. Curtis, but appears to be a variety of R. fanguineus. St. Meadows, paftures, and road lides. Huns. — In uncultivated and watery places. Ra y. Cows and Horfes refufe It. — It is infefted by the Aphis Rumicis. Linn. — The root is ufed by the dyers. It gives a great variety of fhades, from ftraw colour to a pretty fine olive, and a fine deep green to cloths which have been previoufly blued. St. RU'MEX ohtujifo'iius. Valves toothed, with grains. Leaves heart-oblong, bluntifh, finely notched. — Curt. iii. 29. — Lob. ic. i. 285. i, repr. in Ger. em. 388. 3, cop. in Park. 1225. 4, aiid Pet. 2. g. — Munt. brit. 68, cop. in phyt. 187, teeth of the valves not expreffed.— Ger, ^12. cop. in J. B. ih 985. I. Stem-leaves fpear-fhaped, pointed. Mr. Woodward. — Stems furrowed, and fet with fhort white tranfparent briftles, about 2 ft. high. curled at the edge, ribs downy; the upper heart- ftrap-fpear-fhaped. L^qf-flalks fhorter than the breadth of the leaves, Fruit-Jlalk fprinkled near the top with white fhining glo- bules. Pedicles furrounded near the bafe by an indiftindl cartilagi- nous ring. Empal. leaves boat-fhaped, nearly as long as. the petals. fpear-fhaped, flat, green, not very evidently toothed. Tipi white, or yellow. Summits pencil-lhaped. Valves, that with the jargeft grain outermoft when the fruit-flalk bends downwards,' and with the longefl teeth; none of the teetli equal in length to the ciiameter of the valve. With.. Amongfs VI. CHIVES, in. POINTALS. Amongft rubbifh, farm yards, courts, and Tides of ditches. ... Aug, Fallow Deer eat it with avidity, biting it clofe to the root, fo that it is very rarely to fee a Dock growing in a park. Mr. Dick- enson. Mr. H.\ckett. Horfes fometiraes eat it. St. 37,^ R U ' M E X puhhei'. Valves toothed ; generally one fddh with a grain. Root-leaves fiddle-fhaped. — H. ox. V. 27. IS.— Pet. 2. 10.— J. B. ii. 988. s^ fiem bad.— Till. 37* 2 > Jeed-veffel and leaf, but without its charaSierijlic IiqUoxv. . Stem-leaves eg^-ohlong, entire, not hollowed out at the lides. Flowering branches bowed back. Valves blunt at the end, the outer with a grain, and the reft with an imperfedl grain. Linn. — Stem much branched. Branches alternate, rvith a ftrap-fpear-fliaped leaf under each. Mr. Woodward. Rubbifh, dry meadows, and road Tides. [In Norfolk, very common. Mr. Woodward.] P, July. Aug. R U ' M E X paludo'fus. Valves entire, with grains, maijh Leaves egg-fpear-lhaped, fomewhat pointed. Huns. St. — Grains roundifh egg-lhaped.* St. fj. B. ii. 987. 2.? Huds. — Rather R. maritimus, variety 1.) Root branching. Stem upright, 4 feet high, fcored, branching; branches alternate, upright. Root-leaves egg-fhaped, bluntifh, fome- tvhat finely notched; _/iem-leai/es alternate, on leaf-ftalks, fome- what finely notched, rather pointed, flat, naked, on fhort leaf-ftalks. Leaf-Jcales fiieathing, membranaceous. Flowers in whorls, on fruit-ftalks. Whorls generally diftincft. Valves, the outer with a large red grain; the reft with a fmall grain. Huds. — Refembles the R. crijpus. Doubtful whether a diftin<5l fpecies, Ray. Mr. Woodward. St. — Whole plant very fmooth. Stem furrowed. Leaves a little fcolloped and waved at the edge. Fruit.. Jialks, fome as long, others twice as long as the fruit, with a very evident ring fomewhat below the middle. Valves flightly toothed, particularly towards the bafe, only i of them with a grain. W ith. St. — Sometimes, though very rarely, two of them with grains; grains roundifh-egg-fhaped, nearly 3 tiroes fhorter than the valves. In its foliage it refembles the R. Hydrolapathum, and in its fruit inoft cxadlly the R. crijpus, of which it is poffibly only a var. St. R.forib. herm. ad alas, isfe. Boehm, lipf. n. 576. — R. crijpus. Q, RcUich. St. * Granis fubrotunde-ovatis. St. B b3 Marjhea '374 HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Marfhes and banks of rivers. [Near TamworthI With.] P. Aug. water RU'MEX Hydrclap'athum. Valves entire, with grains. Leaves Ipear-fhaped, pointed.* Huns. With. St. — . Grains oblong-fpear-fhaped. ST.f Munt. brit, i, cop. in Muni. phyt. 697. 202. — Pet. 2. i. — Gcr. 311. I, ill cop. in J. B. ii. i. — (Dod. 648. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 151. I, ic. 1.285. 2, Ger. em. 389. i, and cop. in Park. 1225. 7, is P. Patientia, as is evident from its curled leaves. — Blackiv. ■ 490. — And Matth. 450, are R. aqualicus.) Valves fometimes toothed. Hall. St. — Stem 2 to 4 feet high, upright, green, angular, channelled. Leavw on leaf-ftalks, i^to 2 feet long, 3 or 4 inches broad, the edge, efpecially in thofe of . the ftem, fomewhat curled. Flowers in panicles. Fruit-Jlalks hair-like. very entire. Relhan. — Root white within, black without. Stem 5 or 6 feet high, furrowed. Leaves a little toothed and waved at the edge; the teer ones to 18 inches long. Lcqf- Jtalks femi-cylindrical, hollowed on the furface, ribbed under- neath, thofe of the lower-leaves fometimes 15 inches long, Fruit- Jlalks encompafled a little below the middle with an indiftindl ring, in half whorls. Whorls from alternate fides of the ftem and branches, furrounded by a fkinnyfheath. £mpah of i leaf, with 3 divifions; /egnieati fpear-fhaped, fomewhat concave. Tips yellow- ifh white. Seed-bud, the fides hollow. Summits flat, fringed. Valves very flightly toothed, efpecially towards the bafe; teeth be- coming more and more evident as the feed ripens; grains grecnifh white or purplifh. With. St. — Stem ftiff, quite upright, branch- ing above. upright, or open. Stem-teavei nearly fitting. Fruit-Jlalks longer than the flowers, readily breaking off at the knot. Petals green, oblong-egg-fhaped, with the edge fometimes imper- fecftly toothed. Chives, 2 inferted into the bafe of each petal. Sum- mits feathered. Valves become 3 or 4 times as large as the petals, triangular, veined, all with grains; grains fpear-fhaped, flefliy, more than half the length of the valve. Seeds not quite half the length of the valve; the fides flightly hollow. Leaves retain their fhape when tranfplanted into dry ground. St. R. aquations. Martyn. Lightf. and Bot. Arr. ed. I, — Mifled by the fynonyms referred by Linnaeus to that fpecies, but that the ' • R. aqaatiais. * It could be widied that Mr. Hudfon would afford us fome marks by wliich to diftinguHh this from the R. britanrika. St t Granis obloiigo-lanceolaiis. St, 375 \ VI. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. R. a(]uattais^ Linn, is a diftinft fpecies is evident from tTie Lin-, naean charadler confirmed by Pollich’s defcription and Blackw. figure. St. Marfhes, wet ditches, pools, and fides of rivers, growing ge- nerally in the water where it is fhallow, and feldom but in the water. R.\y. St.— [About Clifton, Worcefterlb. Mr. Ballard. St. — And Tamworth. With. St.] P. July. Aug. It is a medicine of conliderable efficacy, both externally applied as a wafli for putrid fpongy gums, and internally in fome fpecies of fcim'y. In rheumatic pains, and chronical difeafes, owing to obftruifled vifcera, it is faid to be ufeful. The powdered root is one of the beft things for cleaning the teeth. The root has fome- times a reddifh tinge, but foon changing to ayellowifhbrown when expofed to the air. The Curculio Lapathi is found upon the leaves. * * Chives and pointals in the fame flower. Valves nakedy or without grains. R U ' M E X digy'nus. Shafts 2. mountain fl. dan. 14. — Pluk. 252. 2. — H. ox. v. 36. row 3. /. 3. — Pet. 3* 4* Flower cloven into 4, confifting of an empalement of 2 leaves, and a blojfom of 2 petals. Seed-bud comprelTed. Seed 2-edged, com- prelTed. Linn. — Stem naked. Leaves kidney-fhaped, flightly and irregularly notched, on long leaf-ftalks. Valves roundifh, tinged with red, membranaceous. Mr. Woodward. Acetofa rotundifoliay &c. R. fyn. 143. (With.) Mountains of Wales, Yorkfhire, Weflmoreland, Cumberland. Rocks by the fides of rivulets from the Highland mountains, and Ifles of Rum and Skye. P. June, July.* * * * Chives and pointals on diflinSi plants. R U ' M E X Acetofa. Leaves oblong, arrow-fhaped. — Sorrel Sheldr. 5j. — Blackw. 230. — Park, 742, left hand figure; cop. in Pet. 3. 1. — Fuchf. 464, cop. in "Trag. 315, and jf. B. ii. ggo. i. — Matth. 447, cop. in Dod. 648. 4, repr. in Lob. obj. 155. t, ic. i. 290. 2, Ger. em. 396. Syand cop. in Park. 742. n. i, and H. ox. v. 28. row I, I. — Ger. 319, i. — Munt. brit. 174, cop. in phyt. 278. 73. — Lonic. 88. 2. * RXJ M EX fcutatus. Very common in the gardens of Yorkfliire. I have fomctimes feen it in lituations which have tempted me to think it an indigenous plant. Curt. B b 4 The 37^ HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. The barren plant fmaller. Fruit-Jlalks purple. Empal. expanding. The fertile plant taller. Empalement, the larger leaves bent back, the fmaller upright, covering the feed-bud. One 3d of the fowers tinprodudliye, even when growing near to the plant with chives, Relh. — LeaJ-jlalks purplilh. Blojforns reddifh. Common Sorrell Meadows and paftures. P. June. The leaves are eaten in fauces and in fallads. The Laplanders vffe thena to turn their milk four. In France they are cultivated for the ufe of the table, being introduced in foups, ragouts, and fri- cafies. In fome parts of Ireland they eat them plentifully with milk, alternately biting and fupping. The Irifli alfo eat them with fifh, and other alcalefcent food. The dried root gives out a beau- tiful red colour when boiled. Horfes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. The Aphis Acetojce feeds upon it. . greater Rocks on the fea fhore near Harelech, Merionethfh. Ray. Jheeps R U ' M E X Acetofel'la . Leaves fpear-halberd-fhaped. — Blackw. ^oj. — Trag. ^16. — J. B. ii. 992. i. — Dod. 650. i. — , Lob. obf. 156. I, repr. ink. i. 291. 2, Ger. em. 397. 3, and cop. in Park. 744. 13, H. ox. v. 28. 12, and Pet. 3. 2. — Munt. brit. 189. 2, cop. in phyt. 76. 2, and brit. 182, cop. in phyt. 77. — Matth. 448, cop. in Ger. 320. ^.-^Park. 744. 15, cop. inH.ox. ib. II, and Pet. 3. 4, is the plant wkh baijen fowers, — Zanon. 5. Barren Plqnt. Empal. leaves expanding, the hinder part red. Tips red. Dufi yellow. Fertile plant of the fame fize with the bar- ren. Empalement green. Smmt/5yellowi£h, i generally imperfedl. Relhan. — Roots creeping. Blojforns yellowifh. Sheep's Sorrell. Sandy meadows and paftures. P. May. June. Horfes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. fmall 2. Stem-leaves ftrap-fhaped. Jioot-Ieaves ftrap - halberd - fhaped. St, Ger. 321. 6. — Ger. em. 398. 6. fmalleft 3, Stem-leaves ftrap-fhaped. Root-leaves oval or oblong. St. Ger. 321. 7. Obs. The Phaltena fuliginofa, Atriplicis and Rumicis, and the Mebe Profcarabaus, are found upon the different fpecies of this genus, V TOFIEL'DIA, I VI. CHIVES, III. POINTALS; / 377 T O F I E L ' D I A. Huds, Em PAL. none. Blo'ss. Petals 6; equal; oblong; blunt; concave; per- manent. Chives. Threads 6; awl-fhaped; fmooth ; as long as the petals. Tips fmall ; roundilh ; fixed fideways. Point. 3eed-bud ^-corneied. Shafts^; awl-fhaped; ex- panding. Sujnmlts blunt. S. Vess. Capfule roundith ; nearly 3-cornered ; 3 cells, 6 valves. Seeds numerous ; oblong; nearly 3-cornered ; fmall. I Huds, St. Ess. Char. Empalement o. Blofs. 6 containing many feeds. St. Obs. This genus forms the connedling link between Sckeuchzerla and Narthecium, and thefe 3 compofe the feries connedling jftmcus t,o Anthericuvif and the reft of the LiViaces. S r. TOFIEL'DIA paluf'tris.-^ FI. dan. 36, in fridi. — Cluf. i. ig8, and cop. in Ger. em. 96. — Lightf. 8. 2. at p. 124. — FI. lapp. 10. 3. — Gmel. i. 18. 2. A fmall trifid fioral-leaf at the bale of each flower, refembling a cup. Lightf. St. — /7oa/erj in a bunch. Fruit-jialks very Qiost. Flower-Jcales 2 to each fruit-ftalk, the lower fpear-awl-fhaped, half Iheathing the bafe of the fruit-ftalk,the upper juft below the flower furrounding the fruiuftalk. St. , Afphodelus Lancajlrus verus, Ger. em. 96. n. 2, Scotch Afphpdel. . ^ Bogs on mountains in Scotland. Near Berwick. On Glenmore, Rofsfhire, and Ben Grihum, Sutherland. About Loch Rannoch, Perthfhire. IfleofRum, and Bidan-nam-bian in Glenco. P. July.— Sept. Sheep and Goats refufe it. petals, Capfules 3, marjh 488. TRIG" 378 HEXANDRIA TRIG.YNIA. 488. TR I GL O'CHIN. Arrowgrafs. * Em PAL. Cup 3 leaves ; nearly round ; blunt ; concave ; deciduous. Bhoss. Petals p,; egg-fhaped ; concave; blunt; refem- bling the leaves of the cup. Chives. “Threads 6; very flrort. Tips 6; fliorter than the '■ petals. Point. Seed-bud hrge. Shafts none. Summits g, or 6; refle6led ; doM^ny. S. Vess. Capfule oblong-egg-fhaped ; blunt; with as • many cells as fummits. Valves fliarp ; opening at the bafe. Seeds folitary; oblong. Ess. Char. Empal. 3 leaves. Petals 3, fmilar to the empaU Shaft o. Capfule opening at the bafe marfh TRIGLO'CHIN paluf'tre. Capfule of 3 cells, nearly ftrap-lhaped. — FL dan. 490. — Leers 12. 5. — Trag. 679, — H. ox. viii. 2. 18. — 7. B. ii. 508. 2. — Ger. 18. i, repr. in C. B. ih. 81 . — Ger. em. 20. I, cop. in Park 1279. 10. Root fibrous. Linn. — Chives, 3 contained within the leaves of the empal. and 3 within the petals. Tips double. Mr. Hollefear . — The pointed valves of the capfule opening at the bottom, give it the appearance oRhe head of an arrow. With. — Floivers In a long terminating fpike, greenifh. Arrow-headed Grafs. Wet meadoAvs and paftures. [Tamworth. With.] P. July. Aug. Cows are extremely fond of it. Horfes, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. fea TRIGLO'CHIN marii'imum. Capfule of 6 cells, egg-fhaped. — FI. dan. 306. — Ger. 12. 2, repr. in C. B. th. 82, and cop. in Park. 1278. 9, H. o’.r. viii. 2. 19, and f. B. ii. 508. i. Meadows near the fea. [Near Yarmouth. Mr. Woodward. — Salt marfh near Ingeftre, StafFordfh. St.] P. May. — Aug. It is fait to the tafte; but Hotfes, Cows, Sheep, Goats, and Swine are very fond of it. Linn. — May it not, therefore, prove a ufcful grafs on the fea fhore, and in fait marflics? St. 492. COL'- VI. CHIVES, m. POINTALS. 49'2. COL’CHICUM. Tuberoot. Empal. none; except, fometimes, a fort of fcattered (heaths. Bloss. with 6 divifions. Twip angular ; extending down to the root. of the border fpear-egg-fhap- ed ; concave ; upright. Chives. 'Threads 6; aw'l-ihaped; fhorter than the blofs. Tips oblong; wdth 4 valves; fixed fideways to the threads. Point. Seed-bud buried within the root. Shafts 6; thread- (haped; as long as the chives. Summits reflected ; channelled. S. Vess. Capfule 3 lobes; connected on the infide by a feam ; blunt ; with 3 cells, opening inwards at the ' fealns. Seeds many; nearly globular ; wrinkled. Ess. Char. A Jheat/i, Blojjum zuith 6 divijions ; the tube r'tfing from the root. Capfules cor^mebled ; inflated. COL'CHICUM autumna'le. Leaves flat, fpear- Saffron fhaped, upright. — Stoerck. — fuchf. ^^6, 357, ike expanded blojfom iiferior to the other parts; cop. in Trag. 759, mid J, B. ii. 649. — Blachw. 566. — Dqd. ^60. 2, repr.inGer. em. 157. i. — Ger.em. 157. 2, cop. in Pel. 67. 2. — Tourn. 181, and 182. — H.ox.vf. 3. i. — Ger. 127, I and 2. Flowers in September, produces its fruit in the following fpring, and ripens it in fummer. Linn. — Blofs. pale purple, foon wither. In the fpring feveral fpear-fhaped leaves arife, with generally i or 2 as long as the reft, but only | as wide, being a kind offower- /rower to the feed-veffel. Gapfule Izrge, fomewhat egg-ftiaped, with 3 very blunt angles. Mr. Woodward. — Blofs. tube 3-cornered; fegmenls rather unequal. Tips, w'ith a flefliy glandular fubftance - between the lobes. Dujl orange-coloured. Shafts reaching down . to the root. Seed-bud at the root furrounded by the rudirrients of the future leaves. The feeds lie buried all winter within the root, in fpring they grow up on a fruit-ftalk, and are ripe about the time of hay harveft. May not the very great length of the fhafts account in fome meafure for the delay in the ripening of the feeds ? As this plant bloflbms late in the year, and probably would not have time to ripen its feeds before the accefs of winter, which would deftroy them, providence has contrived its ftruifture fuch, that this im- portant 379 380 HEXANDRIA POLYGYNIA. portant office may be petformed at a depth In the earth, out of reach of the ufual effedls of froft : and as feeds buried at fuch a depth, are known not to vegetate, a no lets admirable provifion is made to ralfe them above the furface when they are perfedted, and to fow them at a proper feafon. With. ' Meadow Saffron. Meadows, low as well as mountainous, in rich foil in the weft and north of England. [Near Bury. Mr. Woodward. — Derby. Mr. Whatelv.— In orchards on the borders of Malvern Chace^ Wprcefterfhire. Mr. Ballard, — On the meadows bordering the Severn, Worcefterfhlre. St. — Wellington, and Hales Owen, Shropfhire. With.] P. Aug. Sept, This is one of thofe plants that upon the concurrent teftimony of ages was condemned as poifonous; but Dr. Storck, of Vienna, hath taught us that it is an ufeful medicine. The roots have a good deal of acrimony. An Infulion of them in vinegar, formed into a fyrup, by the addition of fugar or honey, is foimd to be a very ufeful pedloral and diuretic. It feems in its virtues very much to refcmble Squill, but is lefs naufeous and lefs acrimonious, tho’ more fedative. With. — In a pafture in which were feveral horfes, A.^nd eaten down pretty bare, the grafs was clofely cropped even under the leaves, but not a leaf bitten. Mr, Wood\vard, Order V. POLrGTMIA; MAMT POIXTALS. 495. ALIS'MA. Thmmwort. Empal. 3 leaves ; egg-fhaped; concave; permanent. Bloss. Petals^; circular; large; flat; greatly expanded, Chi'ves. ‘Threads 6, awl-flaaped; fhorter than the bloffom. Tips round ifli. Point. more than 5, Ample. Summits blunt. S. Vess. Capfule compreffed. / Seeds folitary; fmall. fips. Char. Empal. leaves 3, Petals 3, Seeds feveral. ALIS'MA VI. CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. ALIS'MA Planta'go. Leaves egg-fhaped, pointed. Fruit with 3 blunt corners. — FI. dan. 561, — Trag. 226. 2, cop. in Lonic. 142. 4. — Fuclif. 42, cop. in y. B. iii. 787.3. — Matth.^82. — Dod. 606. i, repr. in Lob.obf. 160. I, Ger. em. 417* and cap. in Park. 1245. i. — Ger. 337. I, cop. in Pet. 43. 6. Root roundilli, white. LeaJ-Jialks longer than the leaves, broader atthebafe. Lc’aoe5 with 7 ribs, keeled, fmooth, very entire. Stalk 2 or 3 feet high. Panicle terminating. Fruit-Jlalh in whorls. Flovucrs in rundles, purplifli. Flouier-Jcales Ihort, pointed, at the origiri of the fruit- ftalks. Fndt blunt, 3-cornered, depreffed. Lyons. — and with 3 blunt corners. Leaue^ ivith 8 ribs, 2 of them near each edge. Empal. leaves fcored, bent back. Pointals numerous. Blofs. fully e.xpanded about 4 in the afternoon; petals ragged at the end, fhrivelling, pale reddifh purple, yellow at the bafe. Threads fixed to the receptacles. Tips yellow. Receptacle glandular. Capfules shout 18. With. hVater Plantain. In watery places, banks of pools, lakes* and rivers. P. July, (and Auguft. St.) Goats eat it. Horfes. CowS| Sheep, and Swine refufe it. B. Ray and Huus. Ger. 337. 2.— Pet. 43. 7. y. Huns. Loes. 62, not examined. Bog about a mile from Sudbury, ElTex. ALIS'MA Damafo'nium. Leaves heart-oblong. Pointals 6. Capfules awl-fhaped. — Lob. obf. 160. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 417. 2, and cop, in Park. 1245- 3- Leinies with net-like veins. Leaf-Jlalks Rat, long. S/em naked. Flowers in rundles lateral and terminating. Capfules large, awl- fhaped, ftraddling in a ftar-like form. Mr. Wo.ouward. St.— Of a hard texture, and fo clofely united at the bafe as to appear like a fingle fruit. Blojfoms white. St. Ditches and ftagnant waters. [Ruraford. Mr. Pitchford.] P. June. — Aug. A L I S ' M A nd'/anr. Leaves egg-fhaped, blunt, Fruit- flalks folitary. — Capfules generally 8. Several flowers from the fame flieath. Linn. — The leaves under water ftrap-fhaped, thofe which float on the furfacc egg-fhaped. HUds. — Fruit-Jlalks very long. Flowers large. Mr. Woodward. 381 greater narrow leav’d Jlar~hcaded creeping Lakes 3^2 HEXANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Lakes and wide ditches. Great Lake below the old caflle at Llanberrys. [South end of the lake of Bala, Merionethfhire. Mr. Wood.] P. July. Aug. lejjer A L I S ' M A ranunculoi'des. Leaves flrap-fpear-fhaped . Fruit globular, fcurfy. — FL dan. 122. — J. B. ill. 788. — Ger. m. 417. 3, cop. in ParL 1245.2, and Pet. ^^.8. In places where the water is nearly dried up the Jlem is from 2 to 6 inches high, hardly longer than the leaves, and fome of the flowering branches trailing; but, where there is plenty of water, the Jlem is from 1 to 2 feet high, upright, naked, the rundles nu- merous, proliferous, and the root-leaves not greatly exceeding the leaf-ftalks in breadth. Mr. Woodward. — BloJJ'om hlui[h. white, o^ens about noon. Wet turfy bogs. [Gigglefwick Tarn, Yorkfh. Curt. — Boggy meadows, common. Bungay, Suffolk. Ellingham Fen, Norf. Mr. WooDvv. — Between Burton and Derby. Mr. Whately.] ■ P. June. — Sept. C.kj's Oafs VII. HEPTANDRIA. VII. CHIVES. Order /. MONOGYNIA; I.POIMtAL. 496. Trienta'lis Cup 7 leaves. Blofs. with 7 divi- fions; flat. Berry 1 cell; dry. Order I. MOMOGYJIIA-, I.POINTAL. 496. TRIENTA'LIS. Wintergreen. Empal. Cup y \ez.vts; fpear-fhaped ; tapering; expand- ing ; permanent. Bloss. ftarry; flat; of i with 7 divifions, flightly adhering at the bafe. Segments egg-fpear-lhaped. 'Chives. Threads']; hair-like; growing on the claws of the blolfom ; handing wide ; as long as the cup. Tips Ample. Point. Sccd-W globular. thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit knobbed. S. Vess. Berry not unlike a capfule ; dry; globular ; of I cell; coat very thin; opening by various feams. •Seeds feveral ; angular. Receptacle hrge ; hollowed out to receive the feeds. Ess. 384 HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ess. Char. Empalement 7 leaves. Blojfom with 7 d'wifions; equal ; flat. Berry juicelejs. Obs. Though 7 is the general number, it is not invariably fo. The fruit is a dry berry, not opening with valves like a capfule. Chickweed ITRIENTA'LIS europod a. Leaves fpear-fbaped ; very entire. — FI. dan. 84.* — C. B.pr. gg, cop. in Pet. 62. 13, and Parh. 5og. 5. a. — C. B. pr. 100, cop. in H- ox. xii. 10. row 3. 6, and Park. 5og. 5. 6. Blojfoms clofe on the approach of rain, when the flowers hang down. Linn.— Angle, about 5 inches high- Leaves 5 to 7, terminating the ftem. /'i!oni;er5 commonly 2, on long fruit-ftalks. Lightf. — Terminating leaves fometimes 8, finely, but obfcurely ferrated, fmooth; i or 2 fmaller ones fcattered on the upper part of the ftem. St. — Leaue5 fometimes oval-fpear-ftiaped. Mr. Woodward. — Blojfoms white, on long fruit-ftalks. Woods and turfy heaths in the northern counties. Near Bingley, Yorkfhire, plentifully. Moorifh ground on the fides of the High- land mountains; P. June. July. Horfes, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Cows refufe It. 0. Huds. Pyrola alfines flore braflliana. R. Jyn. 286. Near Gifbury, in Cleveland. Ray. • But coiiGderably larger than it is ufually found in this country. Mr, Woodw. Ciafs I / Clajs VIII. O C T A N D R I A. VIII. CHIVES. Order I. MOMOGY M lA; I. POIXTA-L. * Flowers peifeSf. •I* Acer. 507. Epilo'bium. .... Blojfom 4 petzh. 4 leaves; fuperior. Capfule 4 cells. Seeds feathered. 519. Chlo'ra JS/o/}. with 8 clefts. 8 leaves ; beneath. Capfule i cell, 2 valves. Seeds many. 523. Vaccin'ium Blofs. I petal. Cup with 4 teeth; fuperior. CkiVes growing on the receptacle. Fruit a berry. 524. Eri'ca jB/o/ji. I petal. 4 leaves ; be- neath. Chives growing on the receptacle. Fruit a capfule. •f Andromeda Daboascia. ** Flowers imperfeSl. / Monotropa hypopithys. 526. Daph'ne Cap with 4 equal clefts ; refem- bling a bloffom and inclofinj the chives. Berry pulpy. Vol. I. C c Order OCTANDRIA. Order II. DIGYMIA; 11. POIMTALS. 6o7.Chrysosple'nium Blofs. o. fuperior. Capfule 2-celled, 2-beaked. + Scleranthus annuus. Scleran. perennis. Chlora perfoliata. Polygonum penfylvanicum. Order I II. T RIG Y Ml A; in. POIMYALS. 537. Polvg'onum. .... Blofs. o. Cup with 5 divifions. Seed I ; naked. Order IV. 7 ETRAGYKIA-, IV. POINT ALS.- 542. Adox'a Blofs. with 4 or 5 clefts ; fupe- rior. Cup 2 leaves. Berry with 4 or 5 feeds. 543. Elati'ne... Blojfom 4 petals. Cwp 4 leaves. Capfule 4 cells. 541, Pa'ris B/q/j. 4 petals ; awl-fhaped. Cup 4 leaves. Berry 4 cells. •f- Myriophyllum verticillatum. Order VIII. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 387 Order I. MOMOGYMIA; 1. POINTAL. 507. EPILO'BIU M. W^illowherb. I Em PAL. Cup 4 leaves; fuperior. Leaves oblong; ta- pering ; coloured ; deciduous. ' Bloss. Petals 4; circular; expanding ; broadeft on the outer part ; notched at the end. Chives. 8 ; awl-fhapeil ; alternately fhorter. T//);- oval ; comprefTed ; blunt. Point. beneath ; cylindrical; very long. Shaft thread-fhaped. with 4 clefts ; thick; blunt; rolled bacL S. V ESS. very long; cylindrical; fcored; 4 cells, 4 valves. Seeds numerous ; oblong; crowned with a feather. Re- ceptacle very long ; 4-cornered ; loofe ; limber ; co- • . loured. Ess. Char. Empalement with 4 clefts. Petals 4. Capfule oblong; beneath. Seeds feathered. Obs. In fome fpecies the chives and pointals are upright, in others they lean towards the lower fide of the bloflbm. * Chives declining. EPILO'BIUM anguflifoTium. Leaves fcattered, Rofebay ftrap-fpear-fhaped. Flowers unequal. — FI. dan. 289. — Curt. ii. 18. — Park. par. 267. 6. — Ger. em. 477. 7, cop. in Pet. 52. 10. — J. B. ii. 907. i, cop. in H. ox. iii. ii. row I. I. /. 3. — ( Cluf. ii. 51 . 3, repr. in Dod. 85. 2, Lob. obf. 186. I, Ger. em. 477. 8, and cop. in Park. 548. i, and H. ox. iii. II. row 2. 2, is variety a the Lyfmachia ChamoeneHon diSla C. B.J Leaves at their firft appearance rolled in at the edge. Petals entire. TAreair approaching the lhaft at thebafe. Pointal declining. Linn. Petals, the 2 lowermoft fomewhat remote from each other. Leaves, the lateral nerves on the under furface, nearly at right angles with the mid-rib. Scop. Mr. Woodward. — Threads nearly of equal length, at firft bending down, finally becoming nearly upright. Cc2 Curt. 388 largefowered r . OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Curt. — Z?/q//bm5 purplifh rofe-colour, or white. Lefluw llightly toothed. C'/iiue5 nearly equal. Receptacle full oi honey . St. £. angujlif. var. /3. Linn. — Lyfmachia Chavicmerion dicta latifclia. C. £. piK. 245. Boehm. St. — Chamcenerion. Ger. em. Sr. Rojebay Willowherb. • Woods and hedges. Meadows near Sheffield; Alton, Hants; Maize Hill, beyond Greenwich; many places in Scotland; Grafs Wood, near Kilnfay, Yorkfhire. Curt. — [And near Berkham- ftead, Herts, plentifully. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. — Sept. Goats are extremely fond of it. Cows and Sheep eat it. Horfes and Swine refufg it. — The Phalma Porcellus, and Sphinx Elpcnor, are found upon it. — The fuckers of the root are eatable. An In- fulion of the plant has an intoxicating property, and the Kamtfcha- tadalesbrew a fort of ale from the pith, and from the ale make vinegar. The down of the feeds alfo mixed with cotton or furr has been manufadlured into ftockings and other articles of cloathing. ** Chives upright, regular ; petals cloven. EPILO'BIUM hirfu'lum.hiNti. ScHREB.jp. lipfs. in confp. Lightf. Curt. Mr. Woodward. St.— Leaves oppofite, fpear-fhaped, ferrated, running down and em- bracing the ftem. Linn. — Leaves running down the ftem, the lower ones oppofite. Stem branched. Huds. — Leaves egg-fpear-fhaped, half-embracing the ftem, hairy. Stem very much branched. Root creeping. Curt. fl. dan. 326. — Curt. ii. 20. — FuchJ. 491 , cop. in J. B. ii. 905. 3, ondLonic. i. 135.2. — Gcr. 386. 3. — Ger. em. 47C. 6, cop. in Pet. 52. II, and H.ox. iii. ii. 3. P/anl fomewhat hairy. Stem cylindrical, with expanding foft hairs. Leaves unequally ferrated, fomewhat downy, running a little way down the Item, the middle of the-bafe being above the tides of the h^i'e.^Branches oppofite. Bunches terminating. Flowers on fruit-ftalks, folitary. Floral-leaf fpear-fhaped, fitting, ferrated. Seed-bud woolly. flightly cloven. Linn. — .Stems branched, downy. Leavesdowny. T/o/i. fleffi-coloufed, or purple. PIuds. — Leai/Ci with foft hairs on both fides;. ferratures hooked, blunt. Branches and fruit-Jlalks from the bofom of the leaves. Empal. leaves united at the bafe by means of a glandular receptacle. Petals tivice as long as the empalemcnt, inverfely heart-fhaped, of a fine rofe- colour, claws white with white fcores fpreading upivards. Threads white, the longeft not half the length of the petals-. 7ips_ and dujl while. 4-corncred, the corners purple and woolly. Shaft crooked; white. .Summit white. Capfule with 4 purple corners, and thickfet with foft fliort hair. Seeds nearly egg-fliaped. Y\/ith. « ' — EmpaU viir. CHIVES, I. pointal; — Empal. of I leaf, with 4 deep divilions. Curt. St. — Stevi up- right, flatted at the infertion of the branches. Upper branches ge- nerally folitary, alternate. Leai/cs oblong-fpear-fhaped, the npper- liicft alternate. Chives, 4 of them nearly as long again as the other 4. Tips oblong, after fhedding their dull bowed. St. £. ramofiim. Huns.^—Chammerion jloribus ex alis fejjilibus, foliis lanceolatis, dentatis villofis. Boeh. lipf. n. 298, acknowledged to be E. hirfutum a of Linneeus, in Schreber's Linneean confpeShis ni the end of his /pic. for. lipf. — ( Chamcenerion obfeurum "Schreb.p. referred tg by Mr. Hudfon, is a difiinSf /peeks.) St. Great Hairy Willowherb. Codlings and Cream. Moifl; hedges, ditches, and banks of brooks, rivers, , and lakes. P. Jul^ The top fhoots have a very delicate fragrance refcmbling fcalded codlings, whence one of its names, but fo tranfitory, that, before they have been gathered 5 minutes, it is no longer perceptible. Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Swine refufe it. EPILO'BIU M viUo'fum. Curt. — Leaves fpear- znoolly fhaped, ferrated, almofl; running down the ftein, the lower oppoTite. Stem moftly limple. Huns. — Leaves fitting. Stem woolly. Schreb. St. — Leaves oblong- fpear-flraped, toothed, downy. Stem cylindrical, woolly. Curt. St. Curt. ii. 2 1 .f — FI. dan. 347. — H. ox. iii. 1 1 . 4, cop. in Pet. 52 . 12. — (Ger. 387. 8, is a different /pecks.) Stem very rarely branched, unlefs it has received 'feme injury. Flowers fmall, purple. Huns. — Lower-leaves oppofite, the upper alternate, by no means running down the ftem, but fitting, or rather. fixed to an exceedingly fhoit leaf-ftalk, rounded at the bafe, with diftant ferratures, the ferratures fmaller and much more widely feparated thanthofe of E.hir/utum; woolly on each fide, very foft and not fo much pointed. Seed-bud woolly, with expanding fofthairs, but at laft becoming bare. Schreb. St. — /?ooI fibrous, not creeping. Stem fometimes branched. Leaves foft, teeth glan- * Mr. HudfOn is not to be julIiRed in thus altering the Linnaian nomencla- ture, and applying the name, which Linnxus had given to this, to another fpe- cies. Mr. Woodward. St. — Mr. Hudfon may alledge, that in the FI. luec, the large-fi'jtuered fpccies is made a variety of the fmall-f lowered, but the defeription there fubjoined he will find to belong to the large-fiowered fpecies, and the error of the FI. fuec. he will fee correded in the Sp. pi. St. t But reprefented too hairy. Mr. Woodward. St. C C 3 dular. 390 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. dular, whitifh underneath. Peto/i mverfely heart-fhaped. Curt. St. — S/em cylindrical alfo at theinfertion of the branches. Leaves in fome plants nearly all oppofite, in others nearly all alternate. Fruit-Jlalks longer than the empalement. Blojfoms fiefh-coloured, generally clofed. Shaft purple. Summits 4, white, rolled back. St. E. parvlfionm. St. in Bot. Arr, ed. i. Schreb, fpic. — £. hirfutum. Linn. — hirfutum, Huds. — Lyftmachia filiquofa fylvejlris hirfula fore mL ' nore. J. B. hifi. ii.p. go6. — Wood Willowherb. Ger. em. 479. n. 12. Watery places, and fides of ditches and rivulets. P. July. Aug, fmoolh-kaved EPILO'BIUM monta'mm. Leaves oppofite, egg- fhaped, toothed, Linn. — ''The upper alternate. Hall. Mr. Woodward. With. Qirt. iii. 33. — Walc.-^Cluf. ii. 51. 2, repr. in Dod, 85. i. Lob. ' oi/. 185. 4, Ger. m. 479. ii, and cop. in Park. 548. 3, and Pet. 53. I. S 620, is more doubtfnl, but he refers to the figure of Matth. and the fpecies which grows in. the fouth of France, as appears from the fpecimen from M. Gcrardj is the true TTia/U^ora. St. Heaths. Goon Hilly Downs, going from Helfton to the Li/lard Point, Cornwall. Ray. [Dr. Poultney.] P. June. — Aug, The Papilio Maturna is found on tiie different fpecies. Del Vol. I. ERI'CA 402 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Irljli ERI'CA Dabcc'cia. Tips without horns. Tips and fliaft within the bloffom. Bloffom eg^-fliaped. Leaves alternate, fpear-fhaped, rolled in at the edge. Flowers in bunches, pointing one way. Huds..^ — See Andromeda Daboecia. 526. DAPH'NE. Mezereon. Em PAL, Cup none. Bloss. I petal ; funnel-fhaped ; fhrivelling. Tate cylin- drical; do fed at the bale; longer than the border. Border with 4 clefts ; fegments egg-fhaped ; firarp ; flat ; expanding. Chives. ’ThradsS; fhort ; inferted into the tube ; 4 of them alternately lower than the other 4. Tips up- right ; roundilh ; with 2 cells. Point. Seed-bud egg-ihsped. Shaft very (hort. Summit knobbed; flat; but fomewhat depreffed. S. Vess. Perry of i cell; roundifli. Seed Angle ; nearly globular ; flefhy. Ess. Char. Empal. o. Bloffom 4 clefts ^ of the true texture of a blofs. JhrivelHngf inclojing the chives. Berry of i feed. Common DAPH'NE Meze'reum. Flowers Atting, in threes, growing on the ftem. Leaves fpear-fhaped, deciduous. — FI. dan. 268, flowers the left. — Sheldr. 62. — Ludw. 63, and Blackw. 582, foliage the beji. — Fuchf. 227, cop. in J. B. i. 566. ' — Dod. 364. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. igg. 4, Ger. em. 1402. 2, and cop. in Park. 202. 3, mj- fruit. The terminating produce leaves; the lateral buds flowers; which open very early in the Tpring, often in the winter; and are fo thick fet as to make the branches appear of a beautiful red. Li nn. — Flowers alfo in twos and fours. Rei ch. — Blofs. fometimes pale red, and white. St. • Mezereon. Spurge Olivei. *Spurge Flax. Dwarf Bay. Woods near Andover, [and Laxfield, Suffolk. Mr, Wood w.] S. Feb. March. An ointment prepared from the bark, or the berries, has been fuccefsfully applied to ill-conditioned ulcers. The whole plant is very corrofive; 6 of the berries will kill a wolf. A woman gave 12 grains of die berries to her daughter, who had a quartan ague; {he vomited blood, and died inimediately. A decoAion made of 3 drams of the cortical part of the root, boiled in 3 pints of water till VIII. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. till I pint is wafted; and this quantity, drank daily, is found very efficacious in refolving venereal nodes, and other indurations of the periofteum. See Dr. Rufrel’s paper in the Med. obf. iii./). i8g. — The confiderable and long continued heat and irritation- that it ^ produces in the throat, when chewed, made me firft think of giv- ing it in a cafe of difficulty in fwallowing, feemingly occafioned by a paralytic affedlion. The patient was directed to chew a thin flice of the root as often as fhe could bear to do it; and, in about 2 months, fhe recovered her power of fwallowing. This woman bore the difagreeable irritation, and the ulcerations its acrimony occafioned in her mouth, with great refolution; but fhe was re- duced to fkin and bone, and for 3 years before had fuffered ex- tremely from hunger, without being able to fatisfy her appetite; for fhe fwallowed liquids very imperfedlly, and folids not at all. The complaint came on after lying-in. With. It is eaten by Sheep and Goats. Cows and Horfes refufe it. ' DAPH'NE Laure'ula. Bunches of 5 flowers from the Laurel bofbm of the leaves. Leaves fpear-fhaped, fmooth. Linn. — Flowers 'j in a'bunck. Mr. Hollefear. Wale. — Blachv. 62. — Lob. obf. 200. i, repr. inGer. 1404. i; and cop. in Park. 205. i, and Ger. 1219. i, inblqUbm. — Dod-^^^, repr. in Lob. obj. 200. 2, &c. in fruit. — J. B. i. 564. — (Matlh. 1217 and 1218, different fpe'cies.J Bunches from thefides of the ftem, nodding. Floral-leaves con- cave, alternate, without any flowers from their bale. Flowers ter- minating the bunch. Bunches cluftered into a rundlet. Flowers fad in colour, ungrateful in feent, and blolToming in a gloomy feafon. fi/0/5. yellowifh green. Linn. Spurge Laurel. Woods and hedges. ' S. March. April. Very happy effedls have been experienced from this plant in rheumatic fevers. It operates as a brifk and rather fevere purga- , tive. It is an efficacious medicine in worm cafes; and upon many accounts deferves to be better known to phyficians; but, in lefs Ikilful hands, it would be dangerous, as it is pofTefTed of confider- able acrimony. The whole plant ha9»the fame qualities, but the bark of the root is the ftrongeft. Dr. Alfton fixes the outlide dofc at 10 grains. 403 Dd 2 Order 404 , OCTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Order II. DIGYM I A; II. POIMTALS. 607. CHRYSOSPLE'N'iUM. Sengreen. Empal. Cup with 4 or 5 divifions ; expanded ; coloured ; permanent. Segments egg-fhaped ; the oppofite ones narrowed; . Bloss. hone, unlefs you call the cup fo becaufe it is co- loured. ChiVEs. ‘Threads 8 or 10; awl-fliaped; upright; very fhort Handing upon the angular receptacle. Tips fiinple. Point. Seed-bud henedith; terminated by 2 awl-lhaped Shafts as long as the chives. Summits blunt. S. Vess. Capfule with- 2 bills, divided into 2, with i cell, and 2 valves ; encompafled by the cup which becomes green. Seeds many; very fmall. Ess. Char. Empalement with 4 or 5 clefts ; coloured, Blofs, o. Capfule with 2 beaks, .1 cell, many feeds. Obs. The terminating flower has 5 clefts; the reft, which open later, 4. Has a very clofe affinity to Saxifraga, but by no princi- ple of arrangement can I combine them into one genus. Linn. gen. pi. ed. ii. — Its other Britifh congener is Adoxa in the divilion. ^ of the order Succulentoe. St alternate CHRYSOSPLE'NIUM alternifoTnim. Leaves leaved alternate. — ^ FL dan^of>6. — Wak. — Fet. 6. lo.—H. ox. xii. 8. 8. — J. B. iii. 707. I. _ , _ Chives in the terminating flower lo, in the reft 8. Linn. — Chives of the terminating flower very feldom 10. Eschenback. ohf. hot. — The terminating fewer generally with 4 clefts, and 8 chives. Leers. — The terminating fower with us has always 4 clefts, and 8 chives, Mcench. — Root throwing off off-fets, but no creeping fuckers. So much larger in all 'refpe i '] I VIII. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. 407 Other fmaller, and terminated by a fkinny awn. Flowers, 2 with- in each common empal. one of them on a fruit-ftalk, the other fitting furrounded with a kind of proper cup, thin, fkinny, nearly rylindrical; mouth even and very entire. Bldjjom with 5 divifions, pale red. Tips double, thp 2 parts being only united by the threads. Seed-bud purple. Receptacle glandular, formed by an expanfion of the bottom of the threads. With. Greater Bijlort. Snakejgjeed, Moilf meadows in the northern counties. Bifhop’s Wood, near Hampftead, and Batterfea. [Brome, Norfolk. Mr. Wood w. • — Ham Green, near Mathon, and Martley, Worceftevfh-. Mr. Ball.'ird. — Near Derby. Mr. Whately. — Near the Infirmary, Stafford. With.] - P. May. June. The root is one of the ftrongeft vegetable aftringents. The young {boots are eaten in herb pudding in the north of England. St. •POLY G' O N U M vivip'arum. Stem quite fimple, viviparous . with a fmgle fpike. Leaves fpear-fhaped. — FI, dan. 13. — Cluj. ii. 6g. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 399.2, and cop. in Park. 392. 4, Ger. 322. 2, and J. B. Hi- 539* z.—Fluk. 151.2. Lower flowers of the fpike frequently changed into vegetating bulbs. Linn. Slm-feauw flrap-fhaped, arifing from a fheath. iSA£’'7;A5 inclofiijg the ftem, terminated by a blunt membrane. Mr. , Woodward. — Bw/^sdarkifh purple, egg-fhaped, fometimes in- termixed with the flowers, mealy and white within. St. — Blojfoni whitifh. Small Bijlort. Mountainous paftures. CrofbyRavenfworth, and other places in Weftmoreland; near Settle, Yorkfhire, and Scotland. [Edge of Semer Water at Carr-end Wenfley Dale. Curt.] P.June. The roots dried and ground to powder are nutritious. Cows, Goats, and Swine eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Horfes refufe it. 0. Huds. Root-leaves roundifh, and minutely ferrated. Stem , about 4 inches high. Ray. H. ox. V. 28. 3 and 5. — Park. 392. 6. Paftures on a high rock called y Grib Goch, above the Lake Ffynnon Freeh, near Llanberys. * * Arfmarts. Pointal cloven ( or divided.) Chives fewer than 8. POLYG'ONUM amphib'ium. Chives 5. Shafts amphibiou 'cloven. Spikes egg-fhaped. — D d 4 «. aquaticum. 4o8 OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. water a. aquadcum. Leers. — Chives fhorter than the blofTom. Jacq, Leers. St. — Leaves floating, blunt, very fmooth. Leers. St. Ludxv. i63. — Pet. 3. 12. G. — ll. dan. 282, leaves too much like variety — Dod. 582. i , cop.in Park. 1254. i . a. and H. ox. v. ?9. row. 2. I. — Ger. em. 821. 2, cop. in Park. 125.J. 2, and II. ox. V. 2g. row. i. 2. f. 4. — Ger. 675. 2. Leaves of a pleafant green, oblong -fpear - fhaped, gloffy, fur rounded at the very edge with a reddifh line; the younger very minutely ferrated. Leaf-Jlalks from the fheaths of the ftem. Empal. as in P. Biftorta, except' that the inner cup is cloven into fegments, Bloj's. as in P. Biftorta. Threads 5, in other refpeefts as in P. Biftorta. flattifh. deeply divided. Summits 2 knobs. With, Perennial Willow-leaved Arfmart. Narrow-leaved Pondweed. Pools, lakes, marfties, and ditches. P. June. July. Horfes, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. Cows refufe it. land j5. lerrejlre. Leers. — Chives generally longer than the bloflbm. Stem upright. Leaves fomewhat pointed, rough. Leers. St* Cxirt. iv. 40. — Pet. 3. 12. a. Leaves darker green. Iri cultivated ground, but very feldom flowering, except in fpots. where water -has fettled. [On the fide of a piece of water the flowering ftem growing on the land, and other branches from the fame root floating in the water. St.] P. Sept. biting POLYG'ONUM Hydrofiper. Chives 6. Shaft cloven half way down. Leaves fpear-fhaped. Leaf-fcales Icarcely fringed. Linn. — —Leaves waved, not fpotted. Spikes thread-fhaped, nodding. Leaf-fcales very evidently fringed. Curt. — Fioral-leayes naked.* St. Curt. i. II. — Blackw. i ig. — Fudif. 843, cop. in J. B. iii.780.— Pet. 3.5. — Malth. 583. — fDod. 607. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 171. I,- Ger. em. ^45. 1, and cop. in Park. 857. i, and abridged in li. ox. V. 2g. 6; as alfo Ger. 361. i, and Trag. go, from the ' , compaPtnefs of the fpikes, as alfo its general habit, appear to me to be P. Perficaria.) The leaf-fcale fheaths tight round the ftem, lopped, ribbed, the ribs terjninating in briftles forming a fringe. Leaves very thin, fmooth on each fide, edge very entire, but ferrated, as it .were. With briftles laid to the edge, and fcarcely perceptible. Linn.— ^ Leaf-fcales hsldi. Summits globular. JIall. St. — Floral-leaves not fringed. Mcench. St. — Though with fometimes a ftragglingfhort flair 'or 2 on the edge. St. — Flowers at fome little diftance from each it floribus hexandrisfeinidigynis, fpichfiliformibus nijlanlibus, brafleisnudis, Svr vm. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. 409 each other, 2 or 3 together. Seeds faintly 3-cornered. Leers. St. — Leaves of a yellower hue, and more waved than thofe of P. Per- ficaria. Empal. fprinkled with very minute glands. Seeds larger and more pointed than thofe of P. Perficaria. Curt. — Spikes nod- ding even before flowering. Mr-Woonw. — Whole pto fprinkled with minute glandular dots, but even with the furface, and more obvious with a moderate than a higher magnifying lens, probably the feat of its very acrid property. Stem, and all its fubdivifions, quite fmooth, fwoln above the knots, knots red. Leqf-Jcales tinged with red, ribs fcarce fenflbly prominent. Flowers green, red to- wards the end. St. — Blojfovis purple, or white. pVater Pepper. Arfviart. Lakeweed. V/atery places, on the iides of rivulet?, lakes, and ditches. A. July, — Sept. The whole plant has an acrid, burning tafte. It cures little aphthous ulcers in the mouth. It dyes wool yellow. The afhes of this plant, mixed with foft foap, is a noftrum, in a few hands, for diffolving the flone in the bladder; but it may be reafonably queftioned whether it has any advantage over otherfemi-cauftiepre- pa rations of the vegetable Alcali. Its acrimony rifes in diftillation, and the diftilled water drank to the amount of 2 or 3 lialf pints daily, has been found very effeftual in fome nephritic cafes. With, Horfes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine refufe it. Linn. Huds. Polygonum minus, which fee. POLYG'ONUM mi'nus. Chives 6. Shafts 2. creeping Leaves Ipear-fhaped. Leaf-fcaies fringed. Stem with wide fpreading branches. Huds. i. Shaft (lightly cloven. Leaves ftrap-fpear-ftiaped. Stem creeping at the bafe. Curt. Spikes interrupted, very thinly fet. Gmel, St. — Spikes threa4-like.* Chives fometimes ^ and 7. St. Curt, i, II. — LoL obf. 17 1. 2, repr. in Ger. cm. 446, 3, cop. in Park. 857. 4, H. ox. v. 29. row 3. 5. /. i, and Pet. 3. 6. Shaft undivided. Summits 2 or 3. Seeds fmaller than in the other fpecies, more triangular, black, glofly. In moft other refpeebs accords with P.'llydropiper. Gmel. — Stems feveral, 9 inches to a foot high. Leai/ffs almoft veinlefs. flightly nodding. Shaft fometimes {lightly cloven into 3. Curt. — Leavesnot acrid, St. Perficaria angujlifolia. C. B. pr. 43. — ex fingulis geniculis jlorens. . R. fyn. 145. (Curt. St.) — P. Perficaria ^ und hlnneeus. S r. * Spicis filiformibus interruptis. St. Moifi: 410 OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Moift and watery meadows. [Tothill Fields, Vv'eftminfter. Huds. Curt. — Gravel pit on Malvern Chace with P. Hydropi- pcr. St.] • A. Sept. fpotted POLY G'ONUM Perjica'ria. Chives 6. Shafts 2* Spikes egg-oblong. Leaves fpear-fhaped. Leaf-fcales fringed. Linn. — Shafts cloven Tialf way down. Fruit- flalks fmooth. Spikes upright. Curt. Floral-leaves fringed. J Fruit-Jtalks fometimes befct zmth liah's. St. FI. dan. 702. — Wale. — Curt. i. 5. — Pet. 7. — Blackw. 118. — Dod. ^oj. 2, repr.in Lob. obf. 171. i, Ger. em. 445. i, and I cop. in Park. 1. — Ger. 361. i. — Trag. go. — ffuchf. 6^0; . cop. in Trag. gi, J. B. iii. 779. 2, POLY G'ONUM avlcu[a're. Chives 8. Shafts 3. Knotgrafi Flowers from the bofom of the leaves. Leaves fpear- fhaped. Stem trailing herbaceous. Linn. — Chives fome- times 7. Gmel. a. latifolium. Retz. broad- leaved Curt. i. 10.— Fuchf. 61^, cop. in J. P. ili. 375. i, and Trag. 391. — Blackw. ^15.— FI. dan. Qo^.—Matth. 951, cop. in Dod. 1 13. I, repr. in Lob. obj. 228. 3, Ger. em. 565, andwhickcop. in Park. 443. i, H. ox. v. 29. row 3. i, and Pet. 10. 1. — Gcr. 451. — Lonic. I. 168. 3. Chives 8. Shafts [ometixnes 2 . St. — Slemicoied, thickeft at the joints,’ and feparating when pulled. Leaves, fome egg, and fome fpear-lbapcd. Rowers 2 or 3 together, from the bofom of the leaves. Fruit-Jlalks fhort, but 2 of them longer. Empalement double, fkinny; the oaler with 5 fpear-fhaped fegments inclofing the 3 flo-. rets;theinRpr inclofes only the 3d floret, and fometimes therudiment of a 4th. Pto/s. greenifh on the outlide, white within, often tinged V/ith pink. yellow, fixed to tlie end of the threads. With. _ 414 OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. fhort-leaved narrowleaved thickfet fea Buckwheat Road fides, paths, ftreets, corn-fields, efpeclally in a gravelly foil. ' A. or B. Apr. — Sept. The feeds are ufeful for every purpofe in which thofe of the next fpecies are employedi Great numbers offmall birds feedupon them. Cows, Goats, Sheep, Horfes, and Swine eat it. It affords nourifliment to the Chryfomela Polygoni. j3. brevifoliuvu Retz. — Leaves oblong. St. Ger. 451. 2, cop. in Pet. 10. 3. Chives 7, In gravelly fpots, and road fides. [Sandy road near Ingeftre Heath, Staffordfhire. St.] y: angujlifolium. Retz. — Leaves ftrap-fhaped. St. Pet. 10. 4. Camberwell, and amongft corn in Houndfield by Pounder- fend. Ray. J. Huds. Leaves oval. St. Pet. 10. 2. Uncultivated places. Ray. — '[NearColefhill, Warwickfh. St.] Obs. No plant varies more in the fhapc and fize of the leaves, from ftrap-fhaped to oval, and in breadth from a line to 2 inch. Mr. Woodward. E, Huds. — P. maritimum. Chives 8. Shafts 3. Flowers from the bofom of the leaves. Leaves oval-egg-fhaped, evergreen. Stem fc^mewhat fhrubby. Linn. J. B. lii. 377. I, cop. in Pet. 10. 5. — H. ox. v. 29. row 3. 3.. — Lob. adv. 179. So nearly allied to P. aviculare as fcarcely to be diftinguifhed from it. Flowers in fours. Stem flatted on one fide, fhorter, hard, perennial. Leaves egg-fhaped, leather-like, turning bluifh in drying. Linn. S. Linn. **** Leaves nearly heart-Jhaped. POLYG'ONUM Fagopy'rum . Leaves heart-arrow- fhaped. Stem nearly upright. Without prickles. Angles of the feeds equal. — Dod. 512, repr. in Lob.obf. 513. 3, Ger. em. 8g, cop. in Park. X141, H.ox.v. 2g. row 1. i./. i, and Pet. 2. 12. — Trag. 648. — J.B. ii. 993. — Ger. 82. 2, repr. in C. B. th. 530. — Lonic. i. 253. i and 2. Blojfcms purplifh white, in long loofe fpikes. Bitck Wheat. Bucke. Branks. French Wheat. Crap. Corn fields. A. July. Aug. This plant is very impatient of cold, dying at the very firft at- tack of froft. The feeds furnilh a nutritious meal, which is not apt VIIL CHIVES, III. POINTALS. apt to turn acid upon the ftomach. It is made into thin cakes in fome parts of England, called Crumpits. It is ufual With farmers to fow a crop of Buckwheat, and to plough it under when fully grown, as a manure to the land. The feeds are excellent food for poultry. Sheep that eat this plant become unhealthful. As it Bowers late in the fumraer, M. Du Hamel, in his obfervations upon the management of bees, advifes to move the hives in the autumn, to a lituation where plenty of this plant is fown. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Swine and Horfes refufe it. POLY G'ONUM Convolvulus, Leaves heart-fliaped. Stem twining, angular. Flowers blunted. Linn. Curt. iv. 4^. — FI. dan. 744. — Ger. 713. 4. — fDod. 396. i, repr. in Lob. ob/.^i^. 2, Ger, em. 863. 5, and cop. in Park. 172. 8, j. B. ii. T58, H. ox. V. 29. row i. 2. f. 2, and Pet. 2. 12, is P. dumetorum, but, excepting the Jeed-ve£’el, it is, perhaps, the bejt reprefentation of this f pedes when in itsmojl luxuriant Jlate.) Bunches irom the bofom of the leaves. Some fiowers alfo at the bafe of the common fruit-llalk. Seeds covered wiih a 3-fquare em- palement. Tips violet. Linn.— Leaues arrow-fhnped. Curt. St. — Tips red. St. V7ith. — Keel of the uaZue5 fometimes edged with a {hallow, white, membranaceous border, fimilar to that of P. dumetorum, but not exceeding f of a line. St. — Fruit-Jlalks chan- nelled, the upper part covered with flowers. Empafemenf concave. Threads yellowifh white. Tips double, with a fmall gland juft be- hind the tip. Shafts^, veryfhort. globular. Seed, fides hollow. With. — Bio/i. greeniih white. Leaves, angles at the‘bafe fometimes lopped. Black Bindweed. Cornfields, gardens, and hedges. A. June. — Sept. The feeds are quite as good for ufe as thofe of the preceding fpecies, are produced in greater quantity, and the plant bears cold belter. Cows and Goats eat it. Sheep, Swine, and Horfes refufe It. Linn. — A horfe eat it. St. Oa 5 .ThePhalana Lubricipeda is found uponfeveral of the fpecies. 415 climbing Order 4Jd OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA, Order IV, TETRAGY KIA\ IV, POIMTALS. 542i PA^RIS. Truelove. Em PAL. Cm/) 4 leaves ; permanent; fpear-fnaped ; pointed; as large as the bloflbm ; expanding. Bloss. Petals 4 ; expanding; awl-lhaped ; refemblingthe cup; permanent. Chives. Threads 8 ; awl-fhaped; fhort; beneath the tips. Tips long, growing to the middle of the threads, and on each fide of them^ Point. Seed-bud roundifli; but with 4 angles. Shafts 4; . expanding ; fhorter than the chives. Summits fimple. S. Vess. Rerry globular ; with 4 angles, and 4 cells. Seeds feveral ; lying in a double range. Ess. Char. Empal. 4 leaves. Petals 4; narrower (than the empalement.j Berry 4 cells. four-leaved PA'RIS quadrifoTia.—^ FL dan. 139. — Blackw. 286.— Matlh. 1093. — Dod. 444, fepr.irt Lob.obf. iPiJ.z, Ger. m. 405. i.—Ger. 328. i, cop. in Pet. 44. 8. — Fuchf. 87, cop. in J. B. iii. 613. — Park. ^go. i,copi in Hi ox. xiii. 3. 6. Leaves fometimes 3, 5, and C. C, B. Hall. — Root foraewhat flefhy. S/PTK naked. Le(zt)e5 fhiHing. Flower i. Linn. — Slemuv.- divided, cylindrical. Leawj in a whorl, expanding, fitting, egg- fhaped, very entire, taper-pointed, fmooth, ribbed underneath. Fruit-Jlalk terminating, fomewhat angular, with t flower. Flower green. Empalement, leaves ftrap-fliaped, bent back. Petals bent back, fomeWhat fhorter than the bloflbm. Seed-bud hlzck. Shafts ■ thrice as fhort as the chives. Lvoi^s.— Leaves fometimes 5. Mr< . f Woodward. With. St. — And, in a number of plants growing together j only 3 j but they were all fmall and barren, poflibly young plants not arrived at maturity. Floioer on a fruit-ftalk from j I to 2 inches long. Mr. Woodward. — Lfrti;e5 fometimes 6, egg- fhaped, tapering to a point, fixed to the top of the ftalk. Shqfls purplifli black, hardly fo Ichig as the berry. With. — Blojfcms pzic green, fhorterthan the empalement, longer than the chives. i ftiorter than the chives, and longer than the berry. Iderb VIII. CHIVES, L POINTAL. Herb Paris. Truelove. One-berry. Woods and fhady places, [Wood near the Devil’s Den near Clifton upon Teme, Worcefterfh. Mr. Ballard. St. — Woods on fides of Breedon Hill, Worcefterfh, Nash. — Ripton Wood. Huntingdonfhire. In Norfolk, rare. Mr. Woodward. — Love Lane, near Derby. Mr. Whately. — About Frankly, Worcef- terlhire. With.] P. May. June. The leaves and berries are faid to partake of the properties of Opium. The juice of the berries is ufeful in inflammations of the eyes. Linnaeus fays the roots will vomit as well as Ipecacuanha, but it muft be given in a double quantity. Goats and Sheep eat It. Cows, Horfes, and Swine refufe it. Linn. — ^The berries give oeiton infufion in water a purplifh red, which an acid turns to a bright florid red, and an alkali to a bluifh green. St. 543. AD OX' A. Mofchatel. , Em PAL. Cuj) beneath ,• cloven; flat; permanent. Bloss. \ petal; with 4 clefts; flat; egg-fhaped ; fharp ; longer than the cup. , Chives. 'Threads 8 ; awl-lhaped ; as long as the cup. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud henezth. the receptacle of the bloflbm. Shafts 4 ; Ample ; upright ; as long as the chives ; pennanent. Summits Ample. S. Vess. globular ; between the cup and the blof- fom ; the cup being conne6led with the under Ade of the berry; of 4 cells ; dimpled at the end. Seeds folitary ; compreffed. Ess. Char. Empalement beneath; cloven into 1. Blojfom xvith 4 or 5 clefts ; above. Berry with 4 or 5 cells ; united with the empalement. Obs. Such are the charaifters of the terminating flowers; but the lateral flowers have bloffoms with 5 clefts, 10 threads, and 5 pointals. A D O X ' A Mofchatel'Una. — FI. dan. 94. — Curl. ii. 23. — J. B. ill. 206, cop. in H.ox. iv. 28. 14. — Wale. — Gcr. 933. 10. — Lob.adv. ^00. i, repr.inic.i. 674. 2, Cer. 1091. 10, and cop. in Park. ^26. 6. Root thread-fhaped, naked, with i or 2 fcales; fcales remote, embracing the root, very blunt. Bud of 2 valves; valves egg-fhaped, Vol. I. Ec very tuberous 4i8 OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. zi/liul'ied very blunt, embracing the ftem, alternate, growing together at the bafe, permanent. Suckers folltary, from the bofom of the bud and leaves, defcending, ftriking root. Root-leaves generally 4, alternate from 2 rows, doubly 3-fold; /ea/fr lobed, cut, fmooth. Leqf-Jlalks channelled. Slevi of the length of the leaves, undivided, nearly 4-fquare. Stem-leaves 2, oppolite, 3-fold; leafts on leaf- ftalks. Lcaj-jialks channelled, running at the bafe into each other. Fruit-Jlalk quadrangular, bare, terminating. Head 4-comered, compofed of 4 flowers in a whorl, with a 5th at the top. Flowers green. T!/>5 yellow- Linn. — triply 3-fold; leaf ts with 3 lobes, blunt, with a fhort point, pimpled above, fmooth un- derneath. Empalement pointed. Pefai wheel-fhaped, pimpled on the outfide. Lateral Flowers. Evipal. clefts 3. Blofs. clefts 5, Chives. 10. Shafts 5. Lyons. — Empalement {ometimes cloven into 3. Blofs. wheel-fhaped, furrounding the feed-bud fomewhat above the mid- dle, where the empalement expands from it. Berries reddifh. Sx. Tuberous Mojchatel. Woods and fliady places. . [Bungay, Suffolk, very common. Mr. Woodward. — Purlieu Lane, Mathon, Worcefterfh. Mr. Bai*lard. — Between Stone and Mitton, Worcefterfhire; and between Wolverhampton and Penkridge, Staffordfhire. Sx.] Goats eat it. Cows refufe it. P. Apr. May. 544. ELAT'INE.' Waterwort. EiMPAL. 4 leaves; circular; flat; as large as the blof- fom ; permanent. Bloss. Petals 4; egg-fliaped; blunt; fitting; expanding. Chives. ‘Threads 8 ; as long as the bloffom. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud hr^e ; round; globular; but depreffcd. Shafts 4 ; upright ; parallel ; as- long as the chives. Summits fimple. 5. Y ESS. Capfule hrge ; round; globular; but deprefled ; with 4 cells, and 4 valves. Seeps feveral ; crefcent-fliaped ; upright; furrounding the receptacle like a wheel. Ess. Char. Empal. leaves 4. Petals 4. Capfule 4 cells, ' 4 valves ; deprejfed. ELAT’INE Alfnaf'trum. Leaves In whorls. — Vaill. I. 6. Leaves 8 to 12 in a whorl. Hall. Pvlr. Woodward. VVaterwurt. — Ditches and bogs. P. Aug. Clafs Clqfs IX. ENNEANDRIA. IX. CHIVES. Order III. HEXAGYJflA; VI. POIMTALS. : i ;v 1 'll')! §50. Bu'tomus Cup none. 'Blojfom 6 petals.' Capfules 6. Seeds many, f Hydrocharis Morfus-ranae. .1 • > i: - «• .. . . ' , . ->Ct Order III. > ' ' . '• A i ' HEXAGYMIA; VI. POIXtALS. 550. BU'TOMUS. Gladiole. < Em PAL. Fence fimple ; of 3 leaves; fhort. Bloss. Petals 6; circular; concave; fhrivelling; every other petal Handing on the outfide, fmaller and (harper. Chives. I'hreads 9; awl-(haped; 6 of them on the out- fide of the others. 7’ips compofed of 2 plates. Toiiir. Seed-buds 6 ; oblong; tapering; ending in 5//n//'r. Summits (imple. S. Vess. Capfules 6; oblong; gradually tapering ; up- right; of I valve, which opens inwards. Seeds many; oblong-cylindrical; blunt at each end. E e 2 Ess, 420 ENNEANDRIA HEXAGYNIA. Ess. Char. Empal. o. Petals 6. Capfules 6, containing a number of feeds. « t' imter • BU'TOMUS umbella'tus. — Curt. i. I. — FI. dan. 604.— Wz/c. — Ger. 27. 2. — Matth. 1037. — Dod. 6or. I, repr. in Lob. obf.-/^^. 2, Cer. em. 29. ** 2, arid cop.inPark. 1197. i, i?. ox. xii. 5. row 3./. 3. — J. B. ii. 52^.—(Trag. 677. 2, cop. in Lonic. 173. 3, a totally different plant.; . Root-leaves 3-fquare, fpongy, fhorter than the ftalk. Stalk round. /■/oroers in a rundle. fence fheath-fike, of 3 leaves. Fruit-Jlalks to 30, about a finger’s length, furroundcd at the bafe with withered membranous fheaths. Tips red. ■ Dujl bright yellow. Summits channelled. Capfule opening lengthways on the inner fide, Avith 2 lips at the point. Curt. Relh. — terminating. Petals egg- fhaped, whitifh red. CSii/ei fiiorter than the petals, Seedrbuds red. Summits cloven (at the point.) Relh. — Tips ftied their duft at diffe- rent times.— Empal. leaves membranaceous, and flirivelled. petals ufually pale flefh-colourcd, the keel of a deeper hue, foon fhri- velling. Mr. WooDW.— Leauejs-cornered, very long. Fenceof^ ' brown fpear-fiiaped leaves. Fruit-Jlalks long^ thread-fhaped, une- qual, feparatedby broAvn membranaceous leaves. Threads placed in a regular circle upon the receptacle, not as in the generic cha- raefter. of 2 cells, reddifh. DuJl yellow. 6>c^f5 fixed to the fides of the capfules. Root-leaves long, narrow. Stem cylindrical, naked. Blojfoms purple and white, terminating, fometimes quite white. With. Flowering Rujk. Water Gladiok. Slow ftreams and muddy ditches. [Side of the River Avon, at Evefham, Worcefterfh.' Mr. Ballard. — Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. — Stafford and Tamwoith. St. With.] P. June. Neither Cows^ Hprfes, Sheep, Swine, or Goats will eat it. LiVj n — .It is an ornament to the banks of our' rivers and marfhy ditches. Mr. Woodward. ^ , ... ■) . riran'j 10 i-lTV: ■■ ■ ' 1 . . ■ . ‘ .'ll, ^ , ■ • £ lo f , * ♦ • *0 . -a r- 'Qlafs ClaJs.X, D . E CAN D R I A. .... ^ •- ^ . \ ^ ... X. CHIVES. I Order ,/. MOXOGYKI A; 1. POINt AL. * Flowers of many.eqml Petals. 583. Monot'ropa Ck/) refembling a blolfom ; bel- lying, at. the bafci Capfule 5 ; cells. Seeds TTizny, 598. Py'ROLA T'ips with 2 horns pointing up- wards. Capfule 5 cells. Seeds mapy. •j* Gerania. * * Flowers of i regular Petal. , ' 593. Androm'eda Blojfom bell-lhaped ; roundifli. Capfule 5 cells. Ar'butus Blofs, egg-fhaped ; tranfparent at thebafe. Berry s cdh. •J* Vaccinium Myrtyllus. Chlora perfoliata. Order 7/. DIGYMIA; 11. POIXTALS. 6i I, Scleran'thus Blofs.o. with 5 clefts ; fu- periot. oeeds 2. E e 3 ’ 608. Saxif'raga. 422 DECANDRIA. 608. Saxif'raga Blofs. 5 petals. Cup with 5 divi- sions. Capjule I cell, and 2 bills. 613. Sapona'ria Blojhm 5 petals. tubular; naked at the bafe. Capfule i ceil ; oblong. 614. Dian'tHus Blqf om ^ petdls. Cz/p tubular; Italy at the bafe. CapJ. i cell ; obi oner. Chryfofplenlum. Agrimonia Eupatoria. Order III. r RIG Y MIA; III. POIMTALS. 618. Arena'ria Capfuie i cell. Petals entire; ex- panding. 617. Stella'ria. Capfule i cell. Petals divided al- moft to the bafe ; expanding. 615. Cucu'balus Capfule 3 cells. Petals cloven. Mouth naked. 616. Sile'ne Capfule 3 cells. Petals cloven. Mouth crowned. 619. Cherle'ria Capfule 3 cells. Honey-cups like, petals ; fmaller than the em- palement. •{• Sambucus Ebulus. Alfine. Order V. RENT AGY MIA; V. POIMTALS. 628. C.otyle'xvon Capfules 5, with a honey-cup to each. Blojfom i petal. 629, Se'dum Capfules 5, with a honey-cup to each. Blojfom 5 petals. 638. Sper'gula. X. CHIVES. 423 638. Sper'gula Capf. i cell. Petals entire. Cup 5 kaves. 637. Ceras'tium I cell. Petals cloven. Cup 5 leaves. 635. Agrostem'ma. ■ Capf. 1 cell; oblong. Cup tuhu- ■ lar ; like leather. ■ 636. Lych'nis. Capf. 3 (i or 5, St.) cells; ob- long. Cup tubular ; membra- naceous. 634. Ox'alis Capfule ^ cells; angular. Dlofs. fomewhat conne6led at the bafe. , •f- Arenaria media. Cucubalus Behen. Gerania. Adoxa * mofchatellina. Order VI, POL TG rXJA; MA.¥Y POIJLTALS. \ •f" Ranunculus hederaceus. E e 4 Order 424 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Order I, MOMOGYMIA; LPOINTAL, 583. MONOT'ROPA. Birds-neft. Em PAL. none, unlefs you call the 5 outermoft coloured petals the cup. Bloss. Petals 10 ; oblong; nearlyparallelandupright; ferrated towards the point ; deciduous; the outer- moft, which are every other, bellied at the bafe, hollow within, and containing honey. Chives. Threads 10; awl-fhaped; upright, fimple. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud roundifh ; tapering to a point. Shaft cylindrical ; as long as chives. Summit a blunt knob. S. Vess. Capfule egg-fhaped ; blunt ; wdth 5 angles, and 5 valves'. Seeds numerous ; chaffy. Ess. Char. Empal. o. Petals 10; the 5 outermojl of which are hollovued out at the bafe, and contain honey. Capfule 5 valves. Obs. Such are the generic charadters of the terminating flower. But, if there are any lateral. flowers, they contain i-^th part lefs in number. Primrofe- MONOT'ROPA Hypop'ithys. Lateral flowers with 8, fcented Jhe terminating flowers with 10 chives. — • FI. dan. 2^2. — H. ox. xii. 16. 13, in fiovuer, 20, in fruit. — Fluh. 2og. 5. — [Plot oxf. g. 6, as after fiowethg for the withered • chives often remain furrounding the capfule . Mr. Woodward.] Spikewhcn in flower nodding, when in fruitupright. Mr. Wood- ward.— The whole plant fmells fweet, and is of a pale yellow colour, which peculiarity is generally conflned to parafltical plants, and thofe that grow in very fhady fituations. Birds-neft, fmelling like Primrofe roots. Woods, growing on the roots of other plants. In Qxfordfliire, Bedfordfhire, Bucks, Berks, and the Beech Woods of SuflTex. [Shottifham, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe. — Irk.a Pine Grove, Stoke, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward. — Lord Stamford’s Woods, at En- ville, Staffordfliire. With, and St.] P. July. The X. CHIVES, L POINTAL. The country people in Sweden give the dried plant to cattle that have a cough. i ♦ 593. ANDROM'EDA. Moorwort. Em PAL. Cu/) with 5 divifions ; pointed; veryfmall; co- loured; permanent. Bloss. i petal; bell-fhaped; with 5 clefts. Segments xe- fle^led. Chives. ‘Threads 10; awl-fhaped; fhorter than the blof- fom, to which they {lightly adhere. Tips with 2 horns ; nodding. Point. roundifh. cylindrical ; longer than the chives ; permanent. Summit hlunt. S. Vess. Capfule roundifh; with 5 angles, 5 cells, and 5 valves ; opening at' the angles. Seeds numerous; roundifh; firming. Ess. Char. EmpaL with 5 divifions. Blojfom egg-Jhapcd; mouth with 5 clefts. Capfule 5 cells. Obs. The bloffom in fomefpecies is cgg-fhaped, but in others truly bell-Ihaped, and the tips are either widi or without awns. Linn. — In the A. Daboecia there is one fifth of the parts of fruAi- fication lefs. Reich. ANDROM'EDA Polifo'Ua. Fruit-ftafks incoiporated. Rofemary BlofToms egg-fhaped. Leaves alternate, fpear-fhaped, rolled back at the edges. FI. lapp. 1.2, under furface of the leaves beft done. — Pluh. 175. i, upper furface of the leaves the beft done. — Park. 76. 7. — Wale. — FI. dan. 5i—J. B. i. a. 227. i.—Buxb. v. 55. i. —Rayed. i. I. I. Tips eiwned. Linn. — Shaft white. Summit purple. With. — Bloftbms tinged with red. Marjh Ciftus. Wild Rofemary. Poley Moimtain. Moorwort. Marjk Holy Rofe. Turf bogs. Yorhfhire, Chefhire, Lancafhire, Weftmoreland, Cumberland, and Scotland. [Bogs about Halifax, Yorkfhirc. Mr. Crowe.] S.June. ANDROM'EDA Dobed da. Flowers in bunches, pointing one way, BlofToms with 4 clefts, egg-fhaped. Leaves alternate, fpear-fhaped, rolled back. — Pet. gaz. 27. Irilk Bunch 1 426 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bunch terminating, fimple. Flowers alternate. Pedicles with r • flower, fomevvhat clammy. ftrap-fhapcd, at the bafe of each pedicle., Ewpalement of 4 leaves, awl-fhaped, upright, pur- plifh, only a 4th part as long as the bloflbm, falling off. Blojfoms violet, cylindrical-oval, twice as large as that of the Andromeda folijolia,; a little contradled, with 4 clefts; fegments bent back. Chives 8. Threads white. as long as the threads, juft Ihorter than the bloffom, brown, arfow-fhaped, without horns, lopped at the end with 2 orifices. Shaft thread-fhaped, as long as the bloflbm. Summit blunt, flightly cloven into 4. Fruil a capfule- of 4 cells, and 4 \’alves. It has the habit of Andromeda, but the numbers of Erica. Linn. — Stem downy, rvith alfo numerous ex- panding hairs. Leaves above Ihining, dark green, with a few long hairs near the edges,' underneath white with a thick down; thofe towards the bottom egg-fpear-fhaped, the upper fpear-fhaped. Flower-Jcales tmaW, i at the bafe of each fruit- ftalk. Mr. Wood- ward.— Whole plant thick fet with hairs terminating in globular heads. Leaves dark green, on the upper furface, hut underneath white with woollinefs. Empalement of i leaf, permanent, deeply dividedflnto 4 fpear-lhaped fegments. Blojfoms flatted at the bafe, and mai'ked lengthways with 4 flightly elevated ridges; fegments fpear-fhaped, waved at the edge, rolled back. Chives fomewhat , fhorter than the bloflbm. Tips rather longer than the threads. ' D«_/? white. egg-fhaped, befet with white briftles termi- nating in little knobs. Shaft briftly at the bafe, but fmooth above. SiOTTiifl reddifh, blunt, marked with 4 hollow dots at tlie end. St. ^ With. — From the empalement it is clearly an Andromeda, and not an Erica, as Mr. Hudfon continues to regard it. Biojs. purple, at the very bafe ivhite. S r. Irijh Worts. Spongy wet uncultivated land on the mountains of Mayo and Hiar Connacht. Ray. S. June. July. ? ' -A : S • 1; f *C'> 596. AR'BUTUS. X. CHIVES, I. pointal: 427 596. A R ' B U T U S. Strawberry-tree.- Em PAL. Cup with 5 divifions ; blunt ; very fmall ; per- manent. Bloss. I petal; egg-ihaped; flattifli at the bafe ; mouth with 5 clefts ,■ fegments blunt ; rolled back ; fmall. Chives. ‘Threads 10 ; awl-fhaped, but diftended ; very {lender at the bafe ; half as long as the bloffom, and fixed to the margin of its bafe. Tips {lightly cloven ; nodding. Point. Seed-bud nearly globular ; fitting upon the recep- tacle, which is marked with 10 dots. Shaft cylin- drical ; as long as the bloifom.' Summit rather thick and blunt. S. Vess. Berry roundifh ; with 5 cells. Seeds fmall ; of a bony hardnels. Ess. Char. Empal. aivifions 5. Blojfom egg-Jhaped; tranf- parent at the bafe. Berry, cells 5. A'R'BUTUS Cn Wo. Stem tree-like. Leaves fm 00th, common bluntly ferrated. Panicle terminating. Berries with ma- ny feeds. — Hunt.Evel. 373. — Mill. 48. i and 2. — Cluf. i. 47. 2, repr. in Dod. 804. 2, Lob. obj. 571, Ger. em. 1496, and cop. in Park. 1490. I, and J. B. i. a. 83. — Mallh. 270, cop. in Ger. 1310. 2. — Lonic. i. 56. I. Berries rough with tubercles formed by the feeds. Linn. — Stem, ferratures of the Leaves and Flower-fcales coloured. Empal. feg- ments lapping over each other, coloured at the points. 'Blojfqrns greenifh white, a little hairy within. Threads very hairy, about the middle very thick and pulpy. Tips reddifh-fcarlet, double, opening at the bafe, with 2 yellow horns. Seed-bud befet with glands. Berries red. With. In the Weft of Ireland; in thq county of Kerry; near the Lake of Killarney. Ray. [Mr. Crowe.]— On barren limeftone rocks. S. Sept. [Nov. at Birmingham. With.] It is a beautiful ornament to our fhrubbcries, not only on ac- count of its foliage and flowers, but of its fruit, which is pleafing to the eye, though not grateful to the tafte. The country people, however, in Ireland, eat it, but always drink water after. ' AR'BtJTUS alpi'na. Stems trailing. Leaves mountain wrinkled, fertated. — FI. dan. 428 Bcarbcny I \ DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ri. dan. 73. — LigUf. ii. a.b. at p. 216. — Cluj. i. 61, cop. in Cer, cm. 1417. 4) and Park. 1456. .3. — Gcr. 1230. 4. — J. ii. i. a. 519. Berries black, globular, fitting upon a very fmall red cup. Dry mountains, in Scotland and the Weftern Hies. S. May. The berries have fomething of the flavour of black currants, but they ai e not fo good. — Goats refufe it. AR'BUTUS Uva-ur'Ji. Stems trailing. Leaves very entire.— FI. dan. 33, cops, in Blackw. 592. 2 and 3, milk the addition qf i. — FI. lapp. 6. 3. — Lightf-. II. c. d. at p. 216.- — J. B. i. a. 523. — Zanon. lyU, ferratures toonmeb like hairs. — Ger. 1221. i. — Cluf. i. 63. 2, repr. in Lob. obj. g-yj. i, Ger. em. 1416. 5, and cop. in park. 1457. 6, is reprejented with leaves much larger than any I have ever Jeen.. Leaves oblong-wedge-lhaped, with a net-work of veins under- neath, and correfponding wrinkles above. Blojfom, mouth very much contradled, tiiiged with red. .Mr. Woodward. — Flowers flefli-coloured. Berries red. Leaves not dotted underneath as in Vaccinmm Vitis-id'eca. Lightf — -Vaccinikn Urfi, five Uva-urft apud Clufum. Ger.em, 1416. (Mi-. Ballard.) Bear-berries. Bear Whortle-berries. Dry heaths and woods. Eaft Common Wood, near Hexham, Northumberland. Ifle of Mull, next to Y-Columb-Kill, grow- ing plentifully for fome miles together, where it was firflobferved by Mr. Llwyd. Lightf. S. May. June. The berries are infipid, pulpy, and mealy. The plant is much ufed in Sweden to dye an alh-colour, and to tan leather. Half a dram of the powdered leaves given every, or every other day, has been found ufeftil in calculous cafes. It was firftufed for this pur- pofe at Montpelier, and afterwards by Dr. dc Haen, at Vienna, who relates fevera I cafes, in which it proved of the greateft fervice. Its luccefs in England has been uncertain. Sometimes the patients found no relief, but thought their complaints rather aggravated than alleviated; whilft, in other calculous and nephritic cafes, the fymptoms havebeen almoft entirely removed. Perhaps, upon the whole, we fhall find it no better than other vegetable aftringents; fome of which have long been ufed by the country people, in gra-- velly complaints, and with very great advantage; though hitherto unnoticed by the regular practitioners. With. Horfes, Cows, Goats, and Sheep refufe it. 598. PY'ROLA. X. CHIVES, •!. 'POINTAL. 5^8. PY'ROLA. Wintergreen. Em PAL. Ci//) with 5 divifions ; veryfniall; permanent. Bloss. Petals circular; coivcave; expanding. Chives. Threads lo; awl-fhaped ; fliorter than the blof- fom. Tipsliv^e; nodding; with 2 horns pointing upwards. Point. Seed-bud roundifh ; angular. Shaft thread-Qiaped ; longer than the chives ; permanent. Sumiiut rather thick. S. Vess. Capfule roundifli ; depreffed ; with 5 angles and 5 cells ; opening at the angles. Seeds numerous ; chaffy. Ess. Char. Empalement xnitli 5 divifwns. Petals 5. Capfule 5 cells ; opening at the corners » Obs. In fome fpecies the threads and Abaft are upright, in others declining to one tide, and in others again expanding. The fhape of the fummit. is different in different fpecies. PY'ROLA rotundifo’Ua^ Chivesafeending. Pointal common declining. — PL dart, no, cop. in BlachwT' sgq.. — Matlh.'gSz. — Fuckf. ^67, cop. 1^1 ■> 1' 535» andDod. 138, iihick repr. in Ger. m. 468. I. — Ger. 330. i. — CbifJ ii. 116. ^,repr. in Lab. obf. 157. 2, improved with the addition cf a , bunch in fruit in H. O.V. xii. 10. row 2. i, and cop. in park. ^0^. — Lonic. 186. ' Blcffoms white, on flender'frait-flalks. Wintergreen. — Woods and groves in the North of England; in the South, rare. Near Halifax, Yorkfh. Stoken-church Woods, Oxfordfhire. [Hockfall Woods, near Grevvelthorpe, Raydale Wood, near Carr-end Wenfley Dale, and Tennant’s Wood, near Kilnfay, Yorkfhire. Curt. Meadow at Gorleftone, Suffolk. Mr. WiGG.J ‘ P. June. July. Goats eat it. Cows, Horfes, Sheep, and Swine refufe it. PY'ROLA minor. Flowers in a hunch, feattered. Chives and pointal ffraight. — , fl. dan. 55. Much refemblcs the P. rotundiftlia. Stem in both 3-corncred. It is very probable that this plant was firU: produced by the duff of the P.feainda, impregnating the fccd'-bud of the firft fpecies. Blofs. reddifh white. Linn.— Two fioweringjlmj frequently arife from the DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. the fame root. Leaves much fmaller than in P. rolmdjfolia. Whole plant fmaller and weaker. Mr. Woodward. Woods. Near Clapham, Yorkfhire. Highlands, and Ifle of Skye. [Near Tring, Herts. Mr. Woodward.} P. June. July. Jerrated Y ' R O L A fecun'da. Flowers in a bunch , from one fide. — FLdan. /pz.r-^CluJ. u, 117. i, repr. niGer. m. 408. 2, and cop. in jf. B. iii. 536. i, Park. 509. 3, andH. ox. xii. 10. row 2. 4. The chives projedl beyond the bloffom, and the fummit beyond the chives. Blojfoms white. Woods. Haflewood, near Sir Walter Vavafor’s Park, York- fhire. P. Huds. S. Linn. June. Goats eat it. Sheep refufe it. Order II. Dior MI A; 11. POIMTALS. 608. SAXIF^'RAGA. Saxifrage. Empal. Cup I leaf ; with 5 divifipns ,* fhort ; fharp ; per- manent. Bloss. Petals 5; expanding; narrow at the bafe. Chives. ’Threads 10; awl-fhaped. T/jir round ifh . Point. Seed-bud roundifh, but tapering, and ending in 2 fhort Shafts. Summits blunt. S. Vess. CAjj/u/e fomewhat egg-fhaped ; with 2 bills, and I cell; opening between the bills. Seeds numerous ; minute. Ess. Char. Einpal. 5 divifms. Blojfom 5 petals. Capfule zmth 2 bills, 1 cell, many feeds. Obs. In fome fpecies the Seed-bud is beneath; in others, it is above. After the flower is open, 2 of the Chives oppofite to each other, bend down to the Summits, and difehage their duft perpen- dicularly over them. The next day 2 others bend down; and this is continued until they have all done the fame. * Leaves undivided. Stem nearly naked, hairy SAXIF'RAGA /?r//a'nV. Leaves ferrated. Stem naked, branched. Petals taper-pointed, — FI. dan. 43' X. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. FI. dan. 23. — FI. lapp. 2. 3, root, leaves, and Jlem.* — Scop. 13. n-. 492, at p. 290. — Pluk. 58. 2. — ib. 222. 4, cop. in H. o.v. xii. o. 13.— y* iii. 708, I. Leaves clofe to the root, numerous, oblong-fpear-fliaped, nar- rowing downwards, ferratures pointed, moftly towards the end. Stem a finger’s length, bare. Flowers 3 to 5, on ftiort fruitftalks. Empalemenl bent back. Petals fpear-fhaped, tapering each tvay, white, with 2 oblong tawny fpots near the bale. Tips purplifh. Linn, — Leaves in one or more ftar-like tufts from each root, wedge-fhaped, entire at the bafe, rather indented at the top, nightly hairy. Stem, i from each tuft, {lightly hairy. Branches, each having at its bafe a leaf, fpear-fhaped, entire, or cloven int;;) 3, and bearing.i or 2 liowers. Mr. Woodward. — Stem-laaves gc~ nerally 2 together at the bafe of each branch, fometimes fpear- fhaped, but generally flrap-fhaped, and fometimes with a tooth on each fide towards the point. St. Hairy Kidneywort. Moift rocks, and by the rills of Snowdon, Carnedh-Llewellyn, and Caderidris, &c. North of England, and In Scotland. [About Buckbarrow Well, Longfledale, Yorkfhire. Curt. — Mountains in Lancafhire, Weftmoreland, and Cumberland, Mr. Woodw. — Between Paterdale and Winander Mere. St.] P. June. July. SAXIF'RAGA mva'Us. Leaves egg-fliaped,. fcol- mountain loped, nearly fitting.' Stem naked. Flowers in heads. — FI. dan. 28. — Li^htf. 12. atp. 221. — Ray i6. i, in its mojl luxu- riant fiate. — FI. lapp. 2. 5 and 6, in its dwarfer and more com- mon fiate. Leaves blunt, lying on the ground. Stem fomewfiat hairy, with a flight tinge of purple. Petals hlant, white. Scarcely is any plant fubjedt to fuch. remarkable variations, in appearance as well as fixe. Sometimes It is exceedingly fmall, with heart-fhaped leaves, flowers colledlcd into a Angle head, and a firap-fhaped leaf at the bafe. Sometimes it produces only a Angle flower on a ftalk, and fometimes 2 of thefe rife from one root. At other times it bears a number of flowers at the top of the ftalk, on fruit-ftalks difpofed in form of a rundle, and fometimes it appears twice as large, witli a fpike compofed of fmaller ones as figured in Ray. But in all thefe ftates it is eafily diftinguilhable by its leaves reddifh under- neath, and purplifh pointals. Linn. — Root-leaves fmooth, in a • The reft of the figure reprefenu a variety in which tlie greater part of tiie flowers run into Jeafy tufts. St. 432 DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. tuft. Stem flightly hairy. Flowers, each with a fmall floral-leaf, reddilh at the point. Empal. fegments reddilh at the point. Mr. Woodward. Summits of the higher mountains of Wales and Scotland. Glyder Vawr, near Snowdon. Penn. W^ales. P. July. Aug. London Pride SAXIF'RAGA umbro'fa. Leaves inverfery egg- fliaped, fomewhat dented at the end. Linn. Mr. Dick- enson. Mill. 141. 2. — Park. 738, fg. 2d. — par. 233. 5. Geum folio fubrotundo majori, pijlillo forts rubro. To urn. R. fyn. 355. — Sedum Jerrat. f. rub. maculato. Park. par. 232. — Sedummcnt. ferrat. guttato f. Park. 738. — Cotyledon five Sedum montan. latifol. Jerrat. guttato fore ib. 741. R. hif. 1046. St. London Pride. None-fo-pretty. Princes Feather. Mountains of Sligo, and on Mangerton in Kerry, Ireland. P. * * Leaves undivided. Stem leafy. heath-like SAXIF'RAGA oppoftifo'lia. Stem-leaves oppofite, tiled ; the uppermoft fringed. — FI. dan.^4, ferns undivided. — FI. lapp. 2. i. — Pet. 61. g. — J. B. iii. 694. I, cop. inH. ox. xii. 10.36. .S^m5 thread-fhaped, hanging down, creeping. Leaves from 4 lines, fitting, fringed. Terminating folitary, fitting. Linn. — Leaves oval, fomewhat running down the ftem, in oppofite pairs, alternately from each fide of the ftem, giving the appear- ance of bcitig quadrangularly tiled, all fringed, fea-green, fre- quently tinged with purple. Lwj/ial. purplifh, fringed. Petals very blunt, bright purple. purple. Mr. Woodward. Rocks. On the north fid,e of Ingleborough ; higher rocks of Snowdon, about Llanberys; Highland mountains, and Ifles of Rum and Skye. [Ingleborough and Pennigent. Curt. — This beautiful plant infinuates its roots into every crevice, and, widi its numerous trailing branches, clothes, with a rich tapeftr)', the perpendicular rocks on the weft fide of the fummit of Inglebo- rough. Mr. Woodward.] P. March. April. marjh SAXIF'RAGA Hir'culus. Stem-leaves fpear-fhaped, alternate, naked, without prickles. Stem upright. Linn. — Leaves pointed. Stem afeending, leafy. Huns. — Leaves fringed with hairs, hnt not xfith thorns or f iff brijlles. Linn. h. fuec. Retz. obf. i. 45. — Thefc hairs fometmes wanting. WiGG. FI. dan. X. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. I FI. dan. 200.* — Breyn. cent. 48, cop. in H.ox. xii, 8, row 2. C. — Breyn. ib. p. 106, cop. in H. ox. 6. — Gmel. iv. 65. 3.— Hall. II. 3. — Cluf. cur. 6, repr. in Ger. em. 1284.8, and cop. in Park. 656, fgure the lowejl, and H. ox. xii. 8. 5. Stem purple, fimple, generally with 2 or 3 flowers. fruit-Jlalks .downy. Empalement bent hnck. Learn not fringed. Pelvis ribbed, .yellow, with tawny dots, towards their bafe an oblong hollow or chink of 2 valves, with pointed ends, containing honey. Linn. mant. ii. — Root-leaves fpear-fliaped. Stem-leaves ftrap-fhaped, in an alpine fpecimen elliptical. In none of my fpecimens are the Jhiit-Jlalks without down, as in the figures of Haller and Gmelin, though in the alpine fpecimen they are fomewhat lefs downy. Retz. — Stems fimple, fomewhat woody, beneath the flowers very hairy. Leaves, the lower on fliort fruit-ftalks, the upper fitting. Flowers i or 2 , large, yellow. Petals oval, which as alfo the feg- ments of the empalement are marked with feveral nearly parallel ribs, which clearly diftinguifhes it from the 5. autumnalis. Mr. Woodward. ' Turf bogs. Knutsford Moor, Chefhire. Ray and Lightf. who firft afeertained it to be the S. Eirculus P. July, Aug. 433 S A X I F'R A G A Stem-leavesftrap-fliaped, autumnal alternate, fringed. Root-leaves incorporated. — Cluf. ii. 60. 3, repr.in Ger. em. 516. 2, and cop. in Park. 737. 7, J. B. iii. 693. 2, Pet. 61. 10, H. ox. xii. 6. row 2. 3. f. 5, has mojl of the true habit. — Scop. 14, at p. 214. — Fl. dan. 72. — H, ox. xii. 6. row 2. 3./. 5. — (H. ox. xii. 8. 6, is a copy of Breyn, Jig. of P. Hircidus.J Empalement far fhorter than the blofibm, green. Flowers beneath. Linn. — Leaves, hairs at the edge fometimes numerous, fome- times few, and fometimes altogether wanting. Jacq. — Hairs at the edge of the leaves more properly minute prickles. Retz. — Root-leaves matted. Stems numerous, afceiiding. Stem-leaves nu- merous, ftrap-fpear-fhaped, fcattered, half embracing the ftem, fometimes with a few hairs at the edge, but oftener without. Fruit- Jlalks many, from the bofom of the leaves, of various lengths, the lower ones longeft; generally with i flower. Flower-leaves 2 on each fruit-ftalk. Empalement nearly as long as the blofibm. Petals blunt, yellow, fpotted. Ti/is yellow. Mr. Woodivard. ♦ The hairs at the edge of the leaves reprefented too like the little prickles •f the S. autumralit. Rstz. Vol. I. Ff S. aizoides 434 DECANDRIA DIGYNIA S. aizoides and aulumnalis feem to be one and the fame plant. Jacq. LiGHTF. Huns, and Retz. — Our plant is, without doubt, the S. aizoides; but, when I find LInnaius defcribing “ the em- paleraent”. of the S. aulumnalis as “ far fho i ter than the blotfom,” and retaining his reference to H, ox. though a copy of Breyn. fig. of S. Hirculus, I am induced to fufpeA his S. aulumnalis to be the variety of S. Hirculus with fringed leaves, rather than a variety of S, aizoides. In confirmation of this, it may be obfer\'ed, that in the ift edition of the FI. fuec. the S. Hirculus is charaifterifed as having ■fringed leaves, in the 2d, the character is altered, but it is ftill defcribed as fringed, and in the Sp. pi. the leaves are exprefsly ' fzid not to be fringed. St. Ingleborough Hill, and in Weftmoreland. Beefton Caftle, Chefhire; [and in Long Sledale and Whitfell Gill, near Aflcrig, Yorklbire. Curt. — Bogs on mountains in the northern counties. Mr. Woodward.] . P. July. Aug. , * * * J^caves gajhed. Stems upright. ^'hite SAXIF'RAGA granula'ta. Stem-leaves kidney- fhaped, gaflied. Stem branched. Root beaded. — Curt. i. g. — FI. dan. 514. — Mill. ill. — Ludw. 120. — Wale. — Matlh. ■gyS. — Fuchf. 747, cop. in J. B. iii. — Dod. 316. i, repr. in Lob. obj. 335. 2, Ger. em. 841. i, and cop. in Park. 424. i and 2, and H. o.x. xii. 9. 23, — Ger. 693. i. — Trdg. 525, cop. in Lonic. i. 220. i. — Blachv. 56. Boot confifting of feveral tubercles crowded together. Seed-bud beneath. Linn. — Branches without leaves. Cup a little hairy. Blojfoms white. White Saxifrage. Dry meadows and paftures. Near Wandfworth. [Bevere, near Worcefter. St.] P. April. May, Goats eat it. Cows, Sheep, Horfes, and Swine refufe it. I rus-leaved SAXIF'RAGA triJaByU'tes. Stem-leaves wedge- fhaped, alternate, with 3 clefts. Stem upright, branched. Leaves in very dty Jituations fome times undivided. — Ctirt. ii. 22. — Wale. — Sheldr. 24. — H. ox. xii. 9. 31. — Ger. 490. 3, cop, in Pet. 61.8. — Scop. ,16. 499. — Blackw. 212. — (Dod. 1 12. 3, refr.in Lob. obf. 249. 3, Ger. em. 624. 2, and cop. in Parl{. 556. 4 8^ 4, feems dubious as having leaves nearly toothed. J The whole plain is fet with hairs which pour out a clammy li- quor at their points. •Chiv>’s difeharge their duft as in obfervaiion on the genus. Lt NN. — plant reddilh, hairy. Jictrr clammy. Stem finches high, cylindrical, branched.. Root-leaves on leaf-flalks, with / X. CHIVES, II. POINTALS.' nylth 5 lobes, flefhy, edge very entire. Stem-leaves fitting, the uppermoft fpear-fliaped. FruU-Jlalks threzd-like, with i flower. white, egg-fhaped. Lyons. Turns red after flowering. Hairs terminating in globules. Stems forked, in fome fituations trailing. Root-leaves tapering down into flat leaf-ftalks. Stem-leaves fitting, the upper, and fometimes all above the firfl; branches, fpear-fliaped and oppofite. Fruit-Jlalks with Angle flowers, from the bofom of the leaves. Empal. mouth with 5 egg-fhaped clefts. Fetab egg-lhaped, but little longer than the fegments of the em- palement; white. Tips yellow. Summits fpear-fhaped. Capful? , .cells 2. With. Rue IVhitlow-grafs. Walls, roofs, and amongft rubbifh. A. Apr. [and May. With.] It was formerly infufed in beer, and drank for a long time was faid to cure the King’s Evil. ' 435 SAXIF'RAGA ccefpito'fa. Root-leaves incoi'porated, matted ftrap-fhaped, entire, or with 3 clefts. Stem upright, nearly naked, wdth moftly 2 flowers. — Gunn. ii. 7. 3 and 4. — Scop. 14. 494. atp. 214. — Hall, opufe. it, helv. 1. I. at p. 300. — (FI. dan.yr,* as believed by Oeder. — y. B. iii. 762.2, is S. hypnoides.J Plant fmooth, except the upper branches, which are clammy. Root-leaves cluftered into a turf, wedge-fhaped, blunt, with divi- flons, running down into ftrap-fhaped leaf-ftalks. Stem of a fin- ger’s length, aimoft naked, with 2 or 3, ftrap-fliaped, undivided leaves. Flowers i, fometimes 2, terminating, of the larger flze. Iktab blunt, of a whitilh greenifli hue, turning yellowilh in dry- ing, [yellow, fyjl. veg.\ fcored. Linn. — Empalement alfo clammy^ Mr. Wo ODWARD. Mountains above Ambleflde, Weftmoreland. P. July. Aug. **** Leaves gajked. Stems trailing. * SAXIF'RAGA hypnoi'des. Stem-leaves ftrap-fhaped, Mojs entire, or cloven into 3. Suckers trailing. Stem up- right, rather naked. — FI. dan. 348, foliage loo luxuriant. — H. ox. xii. 9. 26, habit of the barren Jlems better expreffed. — J. B. iii. 762. 2. — Park. 739, ill done, unlejs fome other fpecies. — (Scop. 16. 499. at p. 296, is S. tridaSlylites.J ♦ Flower, much larger. Hall. Mr. Woodward, — Seem, a dilTerent plant, teave, broad, with many cleft,. Mr, Woodward, Ff?. . ' plant i 436 DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. P/£77U clammy. Leaves on long leaf-ftalks. Suckers fometimes j producing buds. Linn. — fmooth. Leofues hairy. Mr. Wood- i WARD. — Stevi, fruit-Jlalks, and empalement thickly fet with fhort ‘i 'hairs, terminated by minute red globules; the reft ol the plant thinly fet with fine white hairs. Upper-leaves, both of the ftem and trailing fuckers, generally entire; the lower frequently cloven into 3. Petals marked with 3 green lines, llightly cloven at the end. .SKWimi/s broad and flat, but pointed and bent back. Seed-bud top- fhaped. With. — Whole ptofiecomesreddifh when fully grown. Empalement green. Plqfs. greenilh white. Chives yellow. Ladies Cujhion by the gardeners. Rocks and high mountains. Snowdon, and other mountains ’in Wales, Weftmoreland, Yorkfhire, E>erbyfhire, Malham Cove, Chedder Rocks. [About Settle. Curt. — Doveddle, Derbyfhire, and northern counties. Mr. Woodward. — Middleton Dale, Derbyftiire. Mr. Whately.] P. May. — July. It is cultivated in our gardens as an edging for borders. A Horfe refufed it. St. I 611. SCLERAN'THUS. Knawel. • Em PA L . Cup 1 leaf ; tubular ; with 5 fhallow clefts ; fliarp ; permanent ; narrow at the neck. Bloss. none. Chives. Threads jo; awl-fhaped ; upright; veryfmall; fixed to the cup. ‘Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud roundifh. Shafts 2 ; upright ; -hair-like; . as long as the chives. Summits fimple. S.Vess. Cap/tz/e egg-fhaped ; exceedingly thin ; in the bottom of the cup ; which clofes at the neck. Seeds 2^; convex on one fide, and fiat on the other, (i. Leers. St.) Ess. Char. Empalement j leaf. Blojs.o. Seeds 2; in- clofed by the empalemetit. mnual SC'LER AN'THIJ S. an'nuus. Empalements open .when the fruit is ripe. Linn. — Segments tapering to a point. St.* . ri. dan. 504. — Tmg. 393, cop. in Lontc. i. 169; i. — Ger. em. 5GP. 4, cop. in Park. 447. 7.— Ger,. 452. 2, cop. in Pet. 9. 6. — (Pet. g. 7, zi'itk Haller I refer to S.perennis.jt * Acuminaiis. St. Seed X. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. 4 Seed I. Hall. Leers. St. — EmpaZ. fegments with an exceed- ingly narrow, whitifli, membranaceous margin. Chives S or j, very fhort. Leers. St. — Chives fewer than 10. Hall. St. — Branches In pairs, conftantiy downy. Leaves at the joints of the fterii and branches, oppofite, awl-fhaped, llightly joined together at the bafe, bellying below, with membranaceous and downy edges, fmooth above. Howen in clufters at the end and dIvHions of the branches, fitting. Enipalement downy at the haie; fegments awl-fhaped, fmooth. Mr. Woodward. — £m/)aZemeHl bell-fliaped, cloven more than half way down, marked helow witli 10 elevated ribs, when the feed is ripe acquiring a bony hardnefs; fegments while in blofTom llightly open, after the dufl is Ihed expanding, when the fruit is ripe, open. Chives 6 to 9, generally 8, unequal, 2 or 3 of them twice as long as the reft and producing dull, the , reft barren. Shafy white. Seed egg-fhaped. St. — Flowers at the bafe of t,he leaves, greenifh. German Kv.ol-grafs. Knawell. Sandy ground and corn fields. A. July. Aug. The Swedes and the Germans receive the vapour arifing from a decocftion of it into their mouths, to cure the tooth-ach. Goats and Sheep eat it. Cows refufe it. I SCLERAN'THUS peren'nis. Empalements clofed perennial when the fruit is ripe'. Linn. — Segments oblong, round- ed at the point. Sr.f Ray 5. I. alp. 160.— J. B. iii. 378. i, cop. iiiH. ox. v. 29.* row s.f. 2, but petals made pointed.— Ger. 453, cop. in Ger. em. 567. 5, Park. 427. 2, and Pet. 9- 7’ — 5^3» kaill. I. 5, may be good figures of it in fame of its JlateSf but are not happy reprefenlations of what fpecimens I have feen. — (Ray ib. a. , is a good reprefentation cj the empalement of S. annuus. Gmel, iii. 6. I and 2, is a diJlinB fpecies.J Leaves bowed, ftrap-fhaped, very narrow, broader at the bafe. Flowers crowded together at the top of the Items. Empal. whitifh, with a green line running along the fegments; fegments upright, not quite clofed, but npt fo open as in the 5. anwww. Hall. St. Empal. fegments blunt, with whitifh membranaceous borders. • Seed I, as that of S. annuus. Leers. St. plant often reddifh. Branches fometimes, but not always downy, thickly fet with leaves. Leaves broader and fhorter than thofe of the S. annuus, oppofite, frequently pointing one way, fea-green, fringed with down at the f Rotundatis. St. Ff 3 edge, 435 DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. edge, the reft fmooth, bellying and membranaceous below, (lightly joined at the bafe. Flowers, fome at the divifions of the- ftera, but moftly in terminating bunches, litting. Empalement fmooth, fea-greeii with white edges, blunt. Mr. Woodward. — Empal. fegments concave. Chives lo. St. Sandy corn fields. Elden, Suffolk. [Snetifham, Norfolk, ' Mr, Crowe. — Bury, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P. July.Aug. The Poiifti cochineal. Coccus polonicus, is found upon the roots, in the fummer months. Jharp-fruited SCLERAN'THUS polycar'pos ? Empalements ' widely expanded when ripe, thorny. Stem fomewhat woolly. — Said to have been found at Broomholm, near Longholm, Elk- dale. Lightf. — The defeription communicatfd to Mr. L. Se,e FI. fcot. p. 1 135, accords with that in the Amcen. acad. St. 613. SAPONA'RIA. Soapwort. Empal. Cup i leaf; tubular; with 5 teeth; permanent. Blos5. Petals c/flw narrow ; angular; as long as the cup ; border flat ; limbs broader towards the end ; blunt. Chives. 7’hreads 10; awl-fhaped; as long as the tube of the bloffom ; every other chive fixed to the claws of the petals ; 5 of them fhedding their dull later than the others. ‘lips oblong ; blunt ; fixed fideways to the threads. Point. Seed-bud fomewhat cylindrical. Shafts 2 ; flraight ; parallel; as long as the- chives. Summ/tr fharp. S.Vess. Cap fule as long as the cup; cylindrical; of i cell ; covered. Seeds many; fmall. Receptacle look. Ess. Char. Empalement I leaf ; naked, (that is xoithout fcales - atthebafe.) Petals^; with clazu’S. Capfule oblotig; i cell. common SAPONA'RIA officina'Us. Empalements cylindri- cal. Leaves egg-fpear-fliaped. — Curt, ii, 17. — FI. dan. 543. — Dod. 179, repr. in Loh. ohf. 170, 2, Ger. em. 444, and cop. in Park. 641. i, and ii o.r. v. 22. 52. — Blackw. 1 13. — (Fuchf. 780, cop. in Jf. B. iii. 346, and Louie, i. 76,3, a totally different plant.) Leavei ■ 439 X. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. Lfflyej fitting, oppofite, 3-fibred. Empalemcnts coloured. With. FIowcts terminating. Blojfcvis flefh-coloured, or white; Bruijhvort. Meadows and hedges. On Black Heath. Near Morden College, Kent. [Norfolk, not unfrequent. Mr. Woodward. — Hedges near Hanley, Worcefterlli. Mr. Ballard. St. -On the brink of the river below Prefton, Lancafhire. Mr. Saville.] P. July. Aug. The whole plant is bitter. Bruifed and agitated with water It raifes a lather like foap, which wafties greafy fpots out of cloaths. A decodion of it applied externally cures the itch. The Germans ufe it inftead of Sarfapariila in venereal complaints. M. Andry, of Paris, cures virulent Gonorrhoeas, by giving half an ounce of the infpiffated juice daily. With. A horfe refufed it. St. B- hybrida. A lingular variety like another Peloria Antirrhini, in bollmv leaved which it changes into a kind of Gentian, with a blolfom of 1 petal. Found by Gerarde, in a wood called the Spinnie, near Lich- barrow, in Northamptonftiire; but Morton informs us it is no longer to be met with there, not being capable of propagating it- felfbyfeed. It is poffibly, 'however, flill preferved in the, gardens of the curioqs. It feems to be a mule produced between the Sapo- naria and the Gentiana, the dull of the latter falling upon the point- als of the former. Li NN. 2. running Into I. whitilh, of a pale fiefh-colour at the edge. Ray. — Leaves egg-fhaped, thofe beneath the flowers o ftem clafping. Empakment fheath-Iike, ragged at the mouth. Blqfs. twice as long, with a number of fliort teeth, accompanied fome- tlmes with green leaves. Specimens from the herbarium of C. B. ^ ^ , and Mr. Hudfon. Hall. Ger. 353, cop. in y. B. ili. 521. 2, and H. ox. v. 53. — Parh, G41. Saponaria concava an^lica convolulojblio.parl. 641 . — Gentiana concava. Ger. em. 435. (St.) Ff4 614. DIAN'TIJUS. 440 DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. > 4 614. DIAN'THUS. Pink. Empal. C;//) cylindrical ; tubular; fcored; permanent; with 5 teeth at the mouth, and encompalfed at the bafe with 4 fcales, 2 of which are oppofite, and lower than the other 2. Bloss. Petals ^ ; c/aw as long as the cup ; narrow; fixed to the receptacle ; limbs fiat ; hroadeft towards the end ; blunt ; fcolloped. , Chives, ‘Threads 10; awl-fhaped; as long as the cup ; {landing wide towards the top. Tips oblong-oval ; compreifed ; fixed fideways to the threads. Point. Seed-bud ovzl. Shafts 2 ; awl-fhaped; longer than the chives. Summits curled ; taper. S. Vess. cylindrical ; covered; icell; opening at the top in 4 direftions. Seeds many; compreifed; roundifli. Receptacle loofe ; 4-cornered; only half as long as the feed-veifel. Ess. Cha^. Empalement cylindrical ; of ileaf; zdth 4 fcales at the bafe. Petals 5 ; imth claws. Capfule cylindrical ; of I cell. Obs. In fome fpecies the Shafts are but little longer than the chives; in others very long, but rolled back. * Flowers incorporated. Sweetwilliam DIAN'THUS barba'tus. Flowers incorporated, in bundles. Scales of the empalement egg-awl-fhaped, as long as the tube. Leaves fpear-fhaped. — Renealm. 47. — 13. Cluf. i. 287. i, repr. in Dod. 176. 2, Ger. em. 598. 4.— Ger. 479. 4. [Limeftone Wall, at King’s Wefton, near Briftol. St.] P. June. Deptford DIAN'THUS Arme'ria. Flowers incorporated, in bundles. Scales of the empalement fpear-fhaped, woolly, as long as the tube. — FI. dan. 230. — J. B. iii. 335. 2, excellent, copied from anunpub- lifhed figure of Fuchfius. — Lob. ic. i. 448. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 594. II, cop. in H. ox. V. 25. 20, and Pet. 56. 5%-Seguier. i. 7. 4, Jlozi/er and leaf. — Matth. 579, blojfoms too large. Pefdi taper-pointed, with i or 2 teeth. Linn. — red. Gravelly meadows and paftures. Charlton Wood, and other places in Kent. Near Croydon. [Norfolk, frequent. Mr. Woodward.-— 441 X. CHIVES, 11. POINTALS. I Woodward. — About Perfhor? and Eckington. Worcefterfhire. Nash. — NearKetley, Shropfhiie, in gravel, and Clarkton Leap, near Worcefter, in marie. St.] A July. DIAN'THUS pro'Ufcr. Leaves incorporated, in proliferous heads. Scales of the empalement egg-fhaped, blunt, without awns, extending beyond the tube. — FI. dan. 221.* — Seguier. i. 7. i. — J. B. ili. 335. i. — Lob. ic. i. 450. I, repr.inGer.em. 599. 5, and cop. in Park. 1338. i. — H. ox. V. 25. 21, fingle head. Stem ufually limple, upright, {lender. Leaves in pairs at each joint, awl-lhaped. Heads on the fummit of the ftem. Flowers nearly concealed by tlie fcales of the empalement, opening one at -a time for a confiderable time infucceffion. Mi'. Woodward. — Blojfoms red, fometimes white. They expand about 8 in the morn- ing, and clofe about i in the afternoon. Childing Sweet Williams. Childing Pinks. Sandy meadows and paftures. Selfey Ifland, Suflex. [Near Norwich. Mr. Woodward. — In a marie pit Landridge Hill; Hanley Caftle, Worcefterfh. MuBallard.] A. July. Cows and Sheep eat it. * * Flowers Jolitary; feveral on the fame ftem. DIAN'THUS Caryop^y'/ur. Flowers folitary. Scales Carnation of the empalement nearly egg-lhaped, verylhort. Blof- foms fcolloped. — Blackw. 85. — Dod. 174. 3, repr. in Ger. em. 590, and Swert. ii. 18. 7. Carnation. Clove Pink. Clove July Flower. Huds. Ger. 591. i. — Ger. 474. 2.f — Pet. 56. i. Caryophyllus fmplex, fore minore pallide rubente. R.Jyn. 336. (St.) . Common Pink. Ray. — Single Red Pink. Gzn.em. St. Old walls. Rochefter, Deal, Sandown, and other caftles, plentifully. Ray. Huds. f*- DIAN'THUS dehoi'des. Flowers folitary. Two maiden fcales to each empalement, fpear-lhaped. Bloffoms fcol- loped. Linn. — Scales egg-Jhaped, taper-pointed. Lyons. St. * Bloffoms too large. Mr. Woodwaed. i This is referred by C. B. to his Caryophyllus fmplex, Jlore minore pallide rubente, which Mr. Hudfon makes a variety of D. Caryophyllus. But, to omit other marks of diainSion, the leaves of the Red Pink are microfcopically fcr- lated, thofe of the D. Caryophyllus quite entire. St. 442 . DECANDRIA DIGYNIA; ' n. dan. 577. — Cluf. I. 285. i, repr. in Lob. ic. 444. i, Cer. cm. 593. 6, and cop. in Pet. 56. 2. — J. B. iii. 329. 4, — (Ger. 477. 10, Jeems to be D. Glaucus.J . . /JooHlender, long,' with a few fibres. Barren Jlems numerous, reclining, throwing out roots; fowering Jlems 6 to 8 inches high, cylindrical, flender, weak, jointed. Leaves very narrow, in op- pofite pairs, embracing the ftem; thofe of the barren branches narrower, not much pointed. Flowers 2 or 3 on a ftem. Blojfcms reddilh, with a ring of deeper coloured dots furrounding the eye. Seeds chaffy, brown. It flowers during the fummer and till autumn. Ray. — Leaves greener, fomewhat hairy, like thofe of Hyflbp, but fmaller. Empal. fcales taper-pointed, (cufpidatae.) Flowers appearing later than thofe of D. glaucus, that is, about June and July, -at which time the glaucus is out of bloflbm. Blqffbms of a deeper colour. Dill. Mr. Woodward. — With numerous fil- very dots, which the D. glaucus has not. Empal. fcales much more taper-pointed than thofe of D. glaucus. Dill. — Root yellow'ifh, knotted, fibrous. 5/m reclining, a foot or fomewhat higher, cy- lindrical, with a very fine downinefs, forked; joints fwoln. Leaves fitting and growing together at thebafe, awl-lhaped, rather pointed, very entire, of a pleafant green, downy, orfmooth, 6 to 7 lines long, fcarcely i line broad. Fruit-Jlalks round, downy, from the ends of the ftem and branches. Empalemeiit of a greenifli yellow- ifh tinge. Flowers 10 to ii lines diameter, petals inverfely egg- fhaped, blunt, ferrated, rvith dark purplifh teeth near the mouth, and befet with white fllvery points with hairs proceeding from them; borders nearly f inch long, and 3 lines broad. Pollich. — Stem ufually upright, fquare above with fharp angles, below nearly cylindrical. Ample, or branched, flightly downy. Leaves ftrap or awl-fhapcd, not acutely pointed, nearly as long as the joints, prefled to the f^em, flightly downy. Fi'uitjlalks frequeritly 2 from the fame knot, each bearing a Angle flower. Empal. fcales, the 2<1 pair, which is often below the ift, nearly awl-fhaped. Pe- tals toothed, bright crimfon above, fometimes pale underneath. Mr. Woodward. — 5/m cylindrical, afeending, knotty, forked, $ a foot high. Lfauci oppofite, ftrap-fhaped, keeled, fhorterthan the joints. Fndt-Jlalks terminating, with a Angle flower. Scales 2, concave. Pe/aA toothed, purple. Lyons. — Bloffoms always red. . Maiden pink. Sandy meadows, paftures, and heaths. Near Noftingham, on the road to Lenton, in Bedfordfhirc. Mantham Hill, not far from Slough, near Windfor; Hildcrfham, Cambridgelhire; Bridge- north, Shropfn. near G. Strickland, Weftmoreland; and about Hampton Court Park. Ray. — Dupper's Hill, near Croydon. ’ Huds.— X. CHIVES, 11. POINTALS. Huds. — Near White-wood Ghmblingay, Cambridgefhire. Relh. King’s Park, Edinburgh. Lightf.— [Cley, Norfolk, and Ched- der Rocks, Somerfetfhire. Mr. Crowe. — Near Bur}', Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. — Hills between Bakewellr and Chatfworth. Mr, Whately. — Sandbanks near Wollerton, Nottinghamfhire, on the road from Derby to Nottingham. Mr. Saville.] — P.Linn. Mr. Saville. — B. Hods. June, July, and fometimes in full flower in Sept. Mr. Woodw. and even in 061. Mr. Saville.] Cows, Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Swine refufe it. Huds. St. Dill. elth. 298. 384. Huds. St. My fpecimens from gardens. With. St. Diantbus glaucus. Linn. (St.) which fee. DIAN'THUS glau'cus. flowers moftly folitary. Four fcales to each empalemerit, fpear-fliaped, fliort. Cloffoms fcolloped, Linn. — Scales of the empalement fometimes 2. Dill. Willich. 298. 384. Linn. Mr. Woodward. St. With.— (Dill. elth. 298. 385, andFluk. 81. 3,* according to Mr.HudfoUf but ihefgure of Dill, is made by Linnxus a variety of D. virgineus; and that of Pluk. which is referred by Mr. Hudfon, in his ijl edit, to D. arenarius, appears, from the fcales of the empaleme7it being reprefented as long as the empalement, to be D. alpinus. Flukenet's fimre Jhould Jeem to have been taken from Du Bois's fpecimens.) Bloffoms white, with a tinge of green, and, on the upper furface, with a tinge of purple from a number of very fine lines, and, about the middle of the petals, furrounded with an elegant purple circle. Dill. St.— So nearly allied to D. deltoides, that they arc difficultly diftinguifhed, except in fize and .colour. Stem longer, more upright. Blojjoms greenifh underneath, above white, with a toothed fcarlet circle. T//>5 bluilh. Linn. — Bloffoms white, with a purple eye. In other refpedls differs very little from the D. del- toides. Lightf. St. — The ring is double, both toothed, the in- ner pale, the outer broader and fcarlet. Willich. Stem and leaves covered with a microfcopical woollinefs. Stem rather angu- lar. Fruit-ftalks folitary, or in pairs. Scales of the empalement in 2 oppofite pairs, fkinny at the edges, the 2 inner ones the largcft. Empal. teeth fkinny at the edges, pointed. Petals ferrated at the ends, white, but ftained with pink at the bafe of the limbs. Tips grey. Summits white, woolly. Receptacle nearly as long as the S. vefTel Accords with the Linnaean charadter and fynonyms.WiTH. St. mountam Doex not this fynonjm belong ratber to D, alpinus ? With. 444 DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. St.— The D. deltoides zxidi glaucus, (FI. dan. 577, and Dill. t. 394,) feem to be one and the fame plant, liable to a variety in the nuni- , bcr of the fcales of the cmpalement, and the Armerite /peeks /lore in Jummo cade fingulari. R. fyn. 336, which Mr. Hudfon has, I think erroneoufly, referred to the D. glaucus, I am inclined to be- believe, will prove to be the D. virgineus, or a diftincil fpecies. — Dill. t. 298./. 385, referred to by Mr. Hudfon, and conlidered by Linnaeus as k variety of D. virgineus, correfponds with a fpeci- menfrom the botanic garden of my friend, Mr, Saville, who received it from Mr. Sole, of Bath, for the true Chedder Pink. St. — Armerite fpecies /lore in Jummo cade fingulari. R. fyn. 336, which is deferibed by Rayas. “ very different from the Maiden Pink, and more truly “ anfwering the name, having but a {ingle flower on the top of “ the ftalk,” cannot furely be the D. gtotcaj. St.) Mountainous {itualions. North of England. Mr. DuBoisPluk. — King’s Park, Edinburgh; butMr. Yalden was of opinion that the D. deltoides was the only fpecies in the neighbourhood of Edin- burgh. Lightf. — Chedder kocks, Somerfetfhire. Mr. Brewer, in R. fyn. — [Butfpecimens received by Mr. Crowe, from Chedder Rocks, where he was affured no other fpecies grew, pi'oved to be ' D. deltoides; but, I have been affured by others, that they have received w'hat was by no means the.D. deltoides from Chedder ' Rocks. Mr. Woodward.] P, June.' July. \ *** Stem herbaceous; fupporting a ftngk fower. fmglejlowered DTAN'THUS arena'riits. Stem with generally i flower. Scales of the empalement egg-fliaped, blunt. Petals with many clefts. Leaves ftrap-fhaped. — Cluf. i. 282, r^pr. in Dod. 176. 3, Ger. em. 594. 12, and cop. in park. par. 315. 5, and H. ox. v. 25. ii. Empalement of a dull lake colour. Blnjjbnis pale purplifh red, more or lefs mottled with white. With. Caryophyllus virgineus. Ger. cm. 594. With. Common Pink. On old walls. P. July. Aug. , The above charadfer and fynonyms are inferted on the authority of Mr. Hudfon, who prefixes an aflerilk, implying, that it is fup- , pofed to be a naturalized plant, calling it the Common Pink. Now the Red Pink, the D. damajeenus, of Miller, he had^ already given as a variety of Caryophyllus, and the Fleajant-eyed Pink is the D. plu- marius. I muff, therefore, own, I do not know what Mr. Pludfon means by his Common Phik. Mr. Lightfoot has alfo inferted it on • the authority of Sibbald, but he afterwards doubts whether the D. deltoides had not been miflaken for it. St. Order X. CHIVES, IIL POINTALS. 445 ' Order IIL •a TRIGYjYIA; III. PO IMTALS. 615. CUCU'BALUS. Campion. Em PAL. Cup I leaf; tubular, (or globular, With.) with 5 teeth ; pennanent. Bloss. Petals^; daws as long as the cup; border flat; limbs generally cloven ; not crowned by a honey-cup. Chives, threads 10; awl-flaaped; every other thread fixed to the claws of the petals ; 5 of them fliedding their duff later. "Pips oblong. Point. Seed-bud rather oblong. Shafts^; awl-fliaped; longer than the chives. Summits downy; oblong; bending towards the left. S.Vess. Capfule covered ; tapering; with 3 cells; open- ing at the point in 5 different dire6lions. Seeds many; roundifh. Ess. Char. Empalement inflated. Petals 5; zmth claws ; not crowned at the mouth. Capfule with 3 cells. CUCU'BALUS baccif'erus. Empalements bell- fliaped.. Petals diflant. Seed-veffels coloured. Branches fl raddling. Silene baccifera, \vhich fee. CUCU'BALUS Be'hen. Empalements nearly glo- bular, fmooth, with a*net-work of veins. Capfules with 3 cells. Bloffoms almofl; naked. — y. B. iii. 356. — Pet. 57. 2. — Blackw. 2G8. — C/a/, i. 293. 2, repr. in Dod. 172, Lob. obf. 184. i, Ger. m. 678. 2, and cop. in Park.2C>^, andGer. 550. 2.—Trag. 130, cop.in Lonic.n. 3^' — H.o.x. V. 20. I . Empalement fometimes without veins, when it appears white. Gmel. — Stem panicled. ^Leaves fo ft, oppofite, egg-lpear-fliaped. Flowers nodding. Empalement egg-fhaped, inflated, longer than- the claws of the petals. Chives fomewhat longer than the pe- tals. Seed-bud fupported by a column with 10 corners. Seci/piickly. Kklh. — Capfule opening in 6 directions. Leers. St. Lach of the valves generally fplitting into 3 teeth, though fometimes 5 and 7. ^ / r o Empalement berry bearing Bladder 446 DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. ' Evipalement before the expanfion of the blofiTom oblong, pointed at the end; when the blofibm is expanded globular-egg-fliaped, whit- ifh, with brownifh purf)le veins; when the bloffom is Ihrivelled .globular-bell-fhaped' Tetals, no appearance of honey-cup teeth. ‘tips yellowifh. Dujl greenifh dirty yellow. St. — Stmn forked at the top. heart-fpear-fhaped, 'not properly united, befet on each fide ^vith numerous minute pimples, oppolite; Jlower- leaves at the forks of the ftem frequently tinged with purple. Flowers at the ends of the branches, crowded, fome on long fruit-ftalks. Tips green. Evipal. veins green. Mr. Woodw. — Rant bee irom hairs. 5/em branched, joints large. Le4!T;e5 fpear-fhaped, fitting. /7o®erj terminating. Empalement egg-ihzped. Petals, claws broadeft at the top. Summits not downy. With. — Leaver fea-green, fmooth, oval-fpear-fhaped. Flowers, fome folitary at the divifions of the ftem, others crowded at the ends of the branches. Empalement bellying, inflated, with green or purple veins. Petals diftant; claws with projedling edges, forming a kinds of ears, analogous to thofe of the Silene, thus forming the link of connexion between Silene and the reft of the Cuctcbalus. Hall. St. — Leaves fometimes fringed with prickle-like hairs, as in Silene amcena, and fometimes with a fevv fhort hairs fcattered over the furface. Young Jhoots fometimes hairy. Empal. veins purplifh, or green. Chives, 5 pi them fixed to a glandular honey-cup at the bottom of the flower, and fhedding their duft fooner than the other 5, which are fixed to the petals." St. Spading Poppy. White Bottle. Bladder Campion. ' Corn field, and diy meadows and paftures. P. [June. With, and] July. Auguft. The leaves boiled have fomething of the flavour of peafe, and proved of great ufe to the inhabitants of the ifland of Minorca, in the year 1685, when a fwarm of locufts had deftroyed the Jiarveft. The Gothlanders apply the leaves to eryfipelatous eruptions. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Linn. — Horfe rc- fufed it. St. 2. Leaves rough. Huns. Spanifk CUCU'BALUS Ot'ites. Chives and pointals on difterent plants. Petals flrap-fliaped, undivided. Linn. — Sometimes xmth chives and pointals. St. ^ FI. dan. 518.* a. the jiowers of the fertile plant, b. thofe of the barren plant. — Cluj. i. 295. I, repr. in Ger. em. 593. i. a. fertile plant, b. barren * Root-leaves 4 times as broad as they are in a wild fiate. Probably from a garden I'pecimeir. Mr. V/oodwaro. 447 X. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. h. barren plant, cop. in J. B. iii, 350. 2, and Pet. 57. ii, in which a. and b '. are reverjed, and the fertile plant cop. in Ger. 396. I , and H. ox. v. 20, 5, leaves in all too large. Root long, fpindle-lhaped. Stems feveral. Root-leaves wedge- fhaped, tapering downwards into leaf-flalks, forming a thick tuft. Stem-leaves pppofite. Empalement marked with green lines. Petals ftrap-fhaped, narrow, quite entire, foniewhat bowed in at the point; of a yellowifh whitifh green. Pollich. Mr. Woodw. — Leaf-Jlalks long, channelled. Stem fometimes iingle, the lower part with a few leaves, above naked and clammy. Fipwer-kaves fomewhat membranaceous, growing together at the bafe, ? under each fet of' fruit-ftalks. Capfules oblong-elliptjcal. The barren plants bear more flowers, and in clofer panicles than thp fertile ones. I have examined many hundred plants, but never met with one with chives and pointals in the fame erapalernent. Mr. Woodward. — Flowers on fruit-ftalks in whorls on the ftem and branches, in the fpecimens e.xamined with chives and pointals. PoLLiCH. St. — In other fpecimens, as defcribed by Linnaeus. Seed-bud oblong, fcbred, crowned by a glandular fubftance, fimi- lar to the receptacle of the Umbellifera. Shafts 2. St. — Blojs. pale green, or white. Pocl-lwuer lying in a circle on the ground. Gravelly paftures. Gravel pits on the north fide of Newmar- ket, and between Barton Mills and Thetford, Norfolk. [Near Swaffham and Narborough, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward, P. July. Auguft.'* CUCU'BALUS acaii'lis. Sp. pi. ed. i. Huds. ed. ii. rnofj Silene acaulis, which fee."^ • Cucuhalui vifcofus. It is time this plant was excluded from our Flora, Tliere can be little doubt but Ray’s plant was the Silene nutans, which has been found on Dover cliffs; and, I am informed, has been received from thence by Mr. Lightfoot, under the name of C. 'z/z/nj/i/j; and, from Ray's account of it, it appears, that the Dover plant was not much unlike the Nottingham one, differing in nothing material but the degree of clamminefs, whereas the plant figured in Tourn. -izay. 361, is extremely unlike that defcription, and has not the moft diftant refemblance to S. nutans ; and, in the Syjl. wg. the fynonym of Ray is dircfled to be erafeJ. Mr, Woodward. — Retains, however, in hi* obf. iii. 52, fays, he cultivates the noSliJI. Dubronfts peren. R. fyn. in his garden, and finds it to be only a flight variation of Cucubalui italicus. Sr. CiG. SILE'NE. 448 DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 6i6. SILE'NE. Catchfly. Empal. Cdip I leaf; tubular; with 5 teeth; permanent. Blos«. Petals 5 ; claws narrow ; as long as the cup ; bor- dered ; UmbR-dt; blunt; frequently cloven. Honey- cup compofed of 2 Mttle teeth at the neck of each pe- tal, and conftituting a crown at the mouth of the ' tube. Chives. ’Threads 10; awl-fliaped; every other thread fixed to the claws of the petals ; and fliedding their duft later. Tips oblong. P o in T.- Seed-bud cylindrical. Shafts^; fimple; longer than the chives. Summits bending to the left. S. Vess. Capfule cylindrical ; covered ; with 3 cells, open- ing at the point in 5 different direftions. Seeds many; kidney- fhaped. Ess, Char. Empalement bellyiny^. Petals ;j ; zmth claws; Kv'ith a crown at the mouth. Capfule with 3 cells. * Flowers Jolilary ; lateral. Englifk SILE'NE anflica. . Hairy. Petals nicked at the end. Flowers upright. Fruit on refle6ted, alternate fruit-flalks. Linn. — Petals generally quite entire. Flow- ers upright, nearly fpiked. Fruit-ftalks of the fruit be- tween flraddling and bent back. Huds. — Loxver Capfules only bent back. Mr. Woodward. St. Curt. iv. 45. — Dill. elth. 309. 398. — fVaill. 16. 12, is S. gal- lica.J Petals not fcolloped. Lower-leaves inverfely egg-fpear-fhaped, fringed towards the bate. Empalevient not hair)', but the angles hedge-hogged with refledled prickles hardly perceptible. Linn. — petals blunt, fometimes nicked. Fruit when ripe bent downwards horizontally, not pendant, angular, clammy, hairy. 'Huns LeOTC5 fpear-fhaped. F/otiycrs from the bofom of the leaves, hair)', clammy. Petals entire, or nicked. Curt. St.— 5/m branched. Empalevient as hairy as the reft of the plant. Upper Capfules upright, and nearly fitting. Mr. Woodward. St .■^Empalcment thick fet with Ihort hairs, terminated by globular glands, and the 10 ribs with long expanding hairs. Mr. Curtis’s Hgure accords with this, but by no means does the Linnaean deferiplion. Petals, 2 ftrap- fhaped teeth at the bale of the limbs. St. Small Corn Campion, with a very [mail white fewer. Ray. Sandy 449 X. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. Sandy corn fields. Near the Devil’s Ditch, Cambridgefinre. in Ellex. About Coombe Wood, Surry; and near Newport in the me of Wight. A. June. July. • i^lW^vul'nera. Petals very entire, round- variegated iHi. Fruit upright, aUernate.— CCluJ. i. 2go. I, repr. in Lob. obf. 183. i, ic. i. 339. i, Cer. em. 470- 5. and cop. in Park. 639, 6, H. ox. v. 21. 35, and Ger. 3^3* 5» exprejfes the general habit, but the petals are reprefented as having 3 teeth, 'an error which the accurate Clufius would hardly overlook.) Empalement o{ the fruit upright, hairy, clammy. Petals blunt, fcarcely nicked, very entire at the edge, purple, with a white margin. Linn Sandy com fields about Wrotham, Kent. A. July. It is cultivated in our flow’er borders. St. ** Floivers lateral; crowded. S I L E'N E naVflnr. Petals cloven. Flowers lateral, JVottiWitzm pointing one way, bowed downwards. Panicle nodding. — / FI. dan. 2/^2*fegments of the petals reprefented as fpear-Jhaped, pointed, inflead'of Jlrap-Jhaped.—Cluf. i. 291. i, repr. in Ger. em. 470. 8, and cop. in Park. 631. 5. Ample, cylindrical, a foot high, with 3 joints below the panicle of flowers, befet with clammy hairs. Leaves fpear-fhaped, with fhort hairs. Root-leaves on fhort leaf-ftalks, forming a clofe turf. Petals white, narrow, cloven more than half way down; fegments fcolloped at the end, rolled inwards in the day time. Claws of the blofs. twice as long as the cup. Gbives white, twice as long as the claws of the petals. Shafts 3, white, as long as the chives. Linn. — Stem frequently branched from the root. Mr. Woodward. Mountainous meadows. Walls of Nottingham Caftle. [Rocks in Dovedale, Derbyfhire. Mr. Woodward. — Near Gloddaeth, Caernarvonfhire. Penn. kFafe5.] P. June. July. Sheep, Horfes, Goats, and Swine eat it. Cows refufe it. S I L E'N E amce'na.\ Petals cloven. Crown flightly fea joined together. Flowers pointing one way. Fruit-ftalks oppofite, with 3 flowers. Branches alternate. — FI. dan. * Leaves too large. Flowers not fufficiently nodding. Flowering branches too fliort. Mr. VVoodwaed. f It does not accord with Linnxus's defeription of S. amtena. Mr. Wooow. With. St. — The empalement is neither hairy, nor has it to angles. With. Vol. I. Gg St. DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. FI. dan. 857.* — Lob. adv. i43» repr. in Ger. em. 469. 2, and cop. in Ger. 382. 2, Park. 639. 3 and 4, J. B. iii. 357. i, Pei. 57. I, and H. ox v. 20. 2. Stems fpreading, rather fmooth and afcending. Branches ftrad- dling, fhort. Leavei fmooth upon the upper furface. The angles of the empalemenl 10, purple and woolly. Petals white, cloven f way down. Linn.— Siems fmooth, trailing, 6 to 12 inches high. Flowering branches afcending. Leauej fpear-fhaped, growing toge- ther at thebafe, fmooth, i or 2 inches long, ^ broad. Flowers on fhort fruitrftalks, from i to 3 at the ehd of each of the flowering branches, much refernbling thofe of Cuaibalus Behen. Empal. veins generally purple. Petals deeply cloven, fegments oval, beneath which are 2 prominent teeth. Ftps deep purple. Differs from Cucubalus Behen in the prefence of the crown at the mouth of the bloifom, and in the leaves not being heart-fhaped at the bafe. A'lr. Woodward. — Learn fpear-fhaped, fringed, fteer^ altogether fimilar to thofe of Cucubalus Behen, except that the veins of the em- paltment are lefs diftindl, and that the claws of the petals are ex- tended into ear-like teeth. Hall. St. — S/em weak and {lender. Leaves of the barren branches, and the lower ottes of the Jlem generally ftrap-fpear-fhaped, fringed with prickle-like hairs; thofe of the upper part of the Jlem egg or egg-fpear-fhaped, taper-pointed, 3 or 4 times as broad as the reft. Flowers often folitary, and frequently only i on a ftem, terminating and lateral, the terminating one Iblitar)', generally over-topping the lateral flowering branches; the reft at the end of 2 lateral flowering branches, with 2 leaves at their bafe. It retains its habit and characfters when cultivated. In one plant, _(hqfts and cells 5. This fpecies evinces how little eflential difference there exifts between Cucubalus, Silene, znd Lychnis. St. — Leaves op- pofite, fpear-fhaped, edges' tranfparent, ferrated with very minute prickles. Flowers on long-fruit-ftaLks from the bofom of the leaves,, or terminating. £»)/)a2.femi-tranfparent, with a net-work of veins. Petals, edge very entire, white, each witli 2 fmall plaits at the fummit of the claw. Seed-bud oblong, mulberry- coloured, with a green glandular fubftance at the top. Shafts fometimes 5. Seeds fixed on fliort pedicles to the receptacle. Receptacle loofe. With. St. — Neither can it with propriety be arranged under the divifion of “ Flowers “ lateral, crowded,” and, if the 5. av.cena, as, from the fynonyms it ought to be, it is furely remar’Kable that the circumftance of “ einpalements fmooth, •• with net-work veins,” which is applied to S. Behen, as well as C. Behen, fhould have been omitted. St. Is this plant beyond a doubt. Mr. Woodward. St. Sandy . X. CHIVES, • ILL POINTALS. Sandy places on the fea coaft. [Southwold, SufFolIc. Mr. Crowe.— Wells, Norfolk. Mi'. Woodward. — Coaft of Wales. Ivir. Saw YER, — Portreath, near Hayle, Cornwall. Mr. Watt.] P. June. July. /S. Huds. Leaves broader. Rand. * * * Floiiwrs growing from the forks of the fern. S I L E'N E comi'dea. Empaleraents of the fruit glo- bular taper-pointed, with 30 Icores. Leaves fmooth. Pe- tals entire. Linn. Huds. St. Cluf i. 288. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 183. 2, ic. i. 339. 2, andGer. em. 470. 7, and cop. in J. B. iii. 349. 4, Park. 631. 4, and H. o.r. V. 21. 33. Linn. St.* — {Lob. ic. i. 338. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 470. 6, and cop. in Park. 633. 1 1, and abridged in J. B. iii. 350. I, with the addition of a branch in fruit, is the figure , rferred to by Dill, in R. Jyn. under Lychn. fylv. angujlifol. Gfc. C. B. referred- by Hudfon to S. conoidea, but by Linnms to S. conica.J Stem befet with clammy hairs. Leaves fpear-fhaped, fmooth. Empal. ribs rough with hair. Capjules globular, with a cylindrical beak. Petals fmall, undivided, entire. Honey-cups with 3 clefts, pointed, and with a tooth befides on each fide at the bafe of the bloflbm. Linn. — Leaves, edges and mid-rib underneath doivny, and fometimes alfo the tvhole of the leaf. Stem downy below, clammy above, being befet with hairs terminated by globular heads. Empa/eiTzents rounded at the bafe, clammy, befet with fhort clofe hairs, interfperfed with longer ones. In the S. conica the empalement is lopped at the bafe, and the whole plant is befet with a fhort thick down, without any longer hairs intermixed, and not clammy. St. . . Sandy corn fields. A little to the north of Sandown Caflie, plentifully. Mr. J. Sherard and Mr. Rand. R. Jyn. ed. iii. A. June. July. * Thefe are the figures which Linnaeus refers to his S. conoidta, and with thefe, as well as with the defcription of S. conoidea, my fpecimens from the London Botanic Garden accord. Mr, Hudfon, indeed, gives to the S.conoidca, the fynonyms which Linnaeus has referred to the S. conica, but he mentions no place of growth, except on the authority of R. fyn.- It is polTible that the S, conica and conoidea may be both native fpecics. In Dr. Withering’s herbarium I have found a fpecimen of 5. conica, which he believes to have been of native growth, and which exaftly correfponds with the figure of it in Jacq, aujlr. iii. 353. Sx. 452 DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA; rii^ht SI L E'N E noBiflo'ra, Empalements with lo angles ; fowenng the teeth as long as the tubes. Stem forked. Petals, cloven. — Canii horti 34, cop. in H. ox. v. 20. 12. — CJf. B. lii. 344. i, is a different plant. J upright, hairy, clammy. Leauei broad-fpear-fhaped, hairy. Flowers folitary, on fruit-ftalks, flariting, whitifh. Empalement cy- lindrical; thofe oj t/ie /rat globular-egg-fhaped, full of feed, fcored, with a net-work of veins; teeth nearly as long as the empalement. Flower opening in the night, fweet-feented in the fummer, but notfo in the autumn. Linn. — Wholep/anihairy.Leauei growing to- gether at the bafe, oval-fpear-ftiaped. Flowers few, in the bofom of the upper-leaves, and terminating, moftly nodding. Seed-vejfel upright. Mr.WooDWARD. Corn fields. Between New-market and Canvafs-hall in Wood- ditton. About Norwich. [Sandy fields, Norfolk, frequent. Mr. Woodward.] A. July. Pheafants are fond of the feeds. common- SILE'NE Arme'ria. Flowers in broad - topped bundles. Upper-leaves heart-fliaped, fmooth. Petals entire. — FI. dan. 559. — Cluj. i. 288. i, repr. in Dod. 176. 4, and Lob. ohj. 242. 3, and cop. in H. ox. v. 21. 26. — Ger. 481. 2. Whole p/anf fmooth. Stem upright, upper joints of the ftem clammy. Leaves oblong, the upper heart-ftiaped. Flowers termi- nating, the ends of the branches fub-dividing into forks, the forks clofe together. Petals nicked at the end; teeth of the crown taper- pointed, open. Linn.— forked. Lcauei fea-green, oppofite. Floral-leaves very fmall, 2 at each divifion of the bundle of flowers. Empalement with 10 fcores; teeth very fmall, and fkinny. Petals pale red, flightly notched at the end; teeth of the crown long. Chives, every other fhorter and {bedding its duftjater. Tip5 pale purplifh blue. ' Shafts white. W i th. — Empalement fomewhat belly- ing upwards- Blojs. claws whitifh green, border and teeth pur- plifh rofe-colour; teeth half as long as the border. Petals, Chives, and Pointal fixed to the fummitof a green columnar receptacle, half as long as the empalement. Sr. Com fields, and old walls. Banks of the River half a mile below Chefter. A. July. Aug. heiT)' hearing ' SILE'NE hacctf'era. Empalements bell-fhaped, deeply ejoven. Stem branching. Flowers folitary, at 453 X. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. at the forks of the branches. Petals cloven, diftant. St.* Mill. 1 12. — Cluj. ii. 183. 2, repr. in Dod. 403, Lob. obf. 136. 3, Ger. em. 614. 13, and cop. in Park. 759. 1, and J. B. ii. 175. I. — Totcrn. ij6, fruSliJication, petals ill done. Petals crowned, and therefore a 5t7ene. Reich. Branches horU zontal, and fometimes flanting downwards. Frvil-Jlalks often as if broken back. Petals ferrated, with little ears at the bafe of the border, fo that it cannot with propriety arrange where Linnaeus has placed it. Hall. St. — 5/emj cylindrical, roughilh, ofaplea- fant green. Branches oppolite. Leaves egg-fhaped, taper-pointed, running down into leaf-ftalks, roughilh. Fruit-Jlalhs Ihort. Evipal. downy. Pe/ali expanding, white; clam very narrow ; teeth at the bafe of the border, in which refpedl it feems to depart from the Linnaean character. Pollich. St. — Stem hairy. Leaves hairy, oppolite, oval-fpear-lhaped, very entire, on Ihort leaf-llalks, thole below the branches bent down to the Item. Empalement bellying, frequently tinged with purple. Mr. Woodward.— Whole plant fomewhat hairy. Stem, joints large; branches nearly- horizontal. Leaves in pairs at the joints. Flowers nodding. Empalement egg- fhaped. Petals, when young, notfeeming to have honey-cup teeth, but afterwards they become vilible, and are ferrated at the ends, fo that it is properly a Silene. Capfules with 3 partitions, but not, fufficiently projeding to feparate it into dillind cells. W ith. — As Cucubalus and Silene are genera merely artificial, the rules of ar- rangement require that it be removed to the latter genus. Tour- nefort, and after him Gmelin, have, in my opinion, very pro- perly conlidered it as a diftind genus. Its habit is that of Cerajlium, but its general ftrudure that of Silene. It appears to form the con- neding genus. Empalement cloven more than half way down. Petals cloven; teeth of the crown at the bafe of the border growing to the petal, except at the outer and upper edges, oblong, fquare, irre- gularly toothed at the upper edge with 2 or 3 teeth. Capjules at firft of 3 cells, but the partitions being of a loofe texture, they foon fhrivel up, and, feparating from the fides, give the appearance of there being but 1 cell; not opening at the point as in Silene, Cucu- balus, &c. St. Berry-bearing Chickweed. Hedges in Anglefea. 1*. June. July. ♦ Calycibu* campanulati* 5-fidi», caule raraofo, floribuj folitariis ex rarao- TUiB dichotomia, petalii bif5di» diftantibus. St, Ggs **** Stemlejs. 454 DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. **** Stmlefs, St. mofs SlhE'NE acauTis* Stemlefs, preffed down. Petals nicked at the end. — Lightf. 12. at p. 221. -^Fl. dan. 21. — Dill. ellh. 167.'’^ 2o6.f — Pona ap. Cluj. ii. 341. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 593. 8, and cop. in Barr. 380, and Park. 639. 10. — J. B. iii. 768. — Pet. 56. 4. Foliage fimilar to a Bryum. Linn. — Capfule of i cell. Hall. St. —But the veftiges of 3 partitions appear on the inlide, as in S. baccifera. St. — It is indubitably a Silene. Mr. Woodward. Dr. J. E. Smith. St. — Forms a thick turf. Leaves awl-lhaped, fmooth, but the edges befet with hooked teeth pointing down- wards. Flowers Angle, bright purple. Fruit-Jlalks fometimes not ' ^ an inch high, but lengthening as the fruit advances to maturity, rvhen from i to 2 inches long. Petals inverfely heart -fhaped, with 2 fmall teeth forming the crown. Capfule as long again as the em- palement, fmooth, fhining, tinged with purple. Mr. Woodw. — Chives wanting in 2 plants cultivated in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden. Leaves fringed with Ihort prickle-like hairs, bowed back- wards. Fruit-Jlalks with fometimes 2 oppolite leaves growing upon it. Blojfoms purple, fometimes pure white. St. Mountains of Caernarvonfhire, near Llanberys; Dartmoor, Devonfh.' IQes of Mull, Rum, and Skye, Highland Mountains. [Ben Lomond. Lightf. Dr. J. E. Smith.] P. June. July. 617. STEL'LA'RIA. Stitchwort. Em PAL. 5 leaves; egg-fpear-fhaped ; concave; up- right; expanding; permanent. > Bloss. Petfl/r 5 ; deeply divided ; flat; oblong; Ihrivel- ling. Chives. Threads 10; thread-fliaped ; Ihorter than the bloflbm ; every other fhorter. Tips roundifh. Point. roundifh. Shafts^; hair-like; expand- ing. Summits blunt. S. Vess. Capfule egg-[hzped ; covered; with i cell, and 6 valves. Seeds many; roundifh; corapreffed. Ess. Char. Empalcment of leaves; expanding. Petals 5; divided into 2. Capfule 1 cell; many feeds. t Mr. Woodward, — It is wanting in our copy. St. STELLA'RIA ♦ I X. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. 455 STELLA'RTA nem'orum. Leaves heart-fliaped, on hroad-leaued leaf-flalks. Panicle with branching f'ruit-ftalks. — Ft. dan. ox. v. 23. 2, cop. in Park. 762. i. So nearly allied to Cerajlium aqual. as with diflBculty to be diftin- guilhed from it. ' Sim a foot high. Leaves, under lurface much paler than in 'thofe of Cerajl. aqmlicum, the greater part of them on leaf-ftalks, but few fitting, and thofe fmaller only near the panicle. Leaf-Jialks hairy, efpecially on the upper furface. Panicle terminat- ing, diftin<5l, fmooth. after flowering pendant. £ro/)t without ribs. St. Stems 457 X. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. 5fm5 ftronger, and fhorter; Zeaues flifFer, fea-green, and fiowers larger than 5. graviinea. It feems to approach nearer to S. Holojlea, but it is fmaller in all its parts. Ray. Me of Ely. Near Oxford. Peckham Fields. A. STELLA 'RIA uligino'fa. Schreb,. — Leaves fpear- bog fhaped, veiy entire. Stem trailing. Leers. St. — Pani- cles lateral. St.* Pet. 58. 4. — Cer. 490. g, cop. in Ger. cm. 613. 8, and H. ox. v. 23. 8. — J. B. iii. 365. 2. — (FI. dan. 415, is y Lhinaus.J Leaves fringed at the bafe. Fruit-Jlalks from about the middle, and from near the end of the ftem, in threes, from the bofom of the leaves, thicker towards the end, the 2 lateral ones dividing into 3, and bearing 3 flowers. Flower-fcales ^pezr-{h^pedf 2 at the bafe of the fruit-ftalks in the bofom of the leaf. Petals fhorter than the empalement, divided down to the bafe, the fegments diftant. Chives, 5 inferted into the claws of the petals, the other 5 iiito as many glands, furrounding the feed-bud. Leers. St. — Stemsieve- ral, from 2 to 12 inches high, fquare; angles acute, fmooth, weak, and fometimes creeping at the bafe, above upright, extend- ing beyond the panicles, but little branched; branches upright. Leaves fmooth, except at the balfe, fitting, or tapering down into fhort leaf-ftalks, upright. Panicles pointing one way, fitting, up- right, generally 2 on each flem; moftly confifting of 3 primary branches, the outermoft bearing a fingle flower; the other 2, in the more luxuriant plants, dividing into forks, with a fruit-ftalk bearing a fingle flower at each fork; the fhorter as long again as the fingle fruit-ftalk; and the 3d nearly as long again as the 2d. Flower-Jcales 2, at each fork of the panicle. Empalement fmooth, membranaceous at the edge, generally clofed. Petals white; feg- ments ftrap- fhaped. Shajb fometimes 4 and 5. St.^ — Leaves fitting. Empal. leaves fpear-fhaped, expanding when in flower, but after- wards clofing upon the capfule. Panicles from the bofom of the leaves. 5’ammtl5 rolled back. With. S.uliginofa. Schreb. confp.pl. ap.fpicileg. — S.dilleniana.LEe.Rs. — S.graminea y Linn. f. Juec. 393, and Huds.Jt. ang. 19a. — Lightf. $. — Alfine longifotia uliginofts proveniens locis. jf. B. iii. 365. R. Jyn. 347. — Alfine fontana. Ger. 490, em. 613. — Alfine aquatica media. Bauh. pin. 251. — Alfine. Hall. n. 882. — ( In Alfine Hypericifolia. Vaill. g, the petals are defcribed as entire and pointed. — Alfine. Hall. n. 881, de- Jcribed as having flowers at the fummit of the plant, is the Stellaria aquatica of Pollich and S. dilleniana of Munch, which is a different fpecies.J St. * Paniculis lateralibu?. St. Fountain 458 DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Fountain Ckidweed. — Sides of fprlngs, rivulets, ditches, and boggy meadows. [Rivulets on the Tide of Malvern Hills, and on the fide of the hill at W. end of Powick’s Ham, near Worcefler. St. — Hockley Pool Dam, near Birmingham. With. — Moill; grounds, near Leeds. Mr. Wood.] A. June. 618, ARENA'RIA. Sandwort. Empal. Cup 5 leaves. Leaves oblong;; tapering;; expand- ing ; permanent . Bloss. Petals 5 ; egg-fhaped. Chives. Threads 10; awl-fhaped; every other more in- wards. Tijpr roundifla. Point. Seed-bud egg-{hciped. Shafts g; upright; but a little reflefted. Summits rather thick. S. Vess. Cf?^/w/c egg-fliaped ; covered; with i cell; open- ing at the point in 5 different dire£lions. Seeds many; kidney-fhaped. ' Ess. Char. Empalement ^ leaves ; expanding. Petals 5; entire. Capfule 1 cell ; many feeds. fea ARENAR'IA peploi'des* Leaves egg-fhaped, pointed, flefhy. — FI. dan. 624. — Pel. 65. g. — Ger. em. 622. i. — Parh 281. 2, cop. in J. B. iii. 374. 3, ill done if the plant. Clauds on the receptacle. Linn. — Blojfoms white. Sea fhore, frequent., [Yarmouth, &c. Mr. Woodward.] P. June. July, r Horfes eat it. Sheep and Cov/s refufe it. ‘ / plantain- ARENA'RIA triner'via. Leaves egg - fhaped, ■leaved pointed, on leaf-flaiks, flringy. — Cart. iv. 46- — yValc. — FI. dan. 429. — Jf. 5.364. i, cop. in Pet. 59- I- _ ’ Stem forked. Leaves running down Into leaf-flalks. Frtiit-Jlalks bent down. Ca^a/ei pendant. Linn. — 6'tm5 downy. Leaves, ribs and edges hairy. Empal. leaves fpear-fhaped, hairy and fkinny at the edge, twice as long as the petals, contradling as foon as the petals are fallen. Red H. — Stem reclining, downy, cylindrical, fe- veral growing together in tufts. Branches from the upper fide. Leaves befet with very fhort fine hairs, and fringed with fhort fine briftles; the teer nearly heart-flraped, on flat leaf- ftalks; theupper fpear-egg-fhaped, nearly fitting. Empaleme'nt, leaves fpear-fhaped, ,, concave, X. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. 459 concave, befet with minute briftles. Petals expanding, half as long as the empalement, white. Chives as lor^ as the empalement, every other fhorter. Shafts fonietimes 2 and 4. Summits bent back, woolly. With. Woods and wet hedges. A. May.— rjuly. Sheep are not fond of it. ARENA'RIA ferpylUfo'Ua. Leaves fomewhat egg- thyme-leaved fhaped, pointed, fitting. Bloffoms fhorter than the em- palement.— Qurt, iv. 45, in its leajl branched fate. — Ger. 488. 3, in its mojl branched fate, preferable, perhaps, in point of habit. — Dod. 30. ' I , repr. in Lob. obj. 246. 2, Ger. em. 612.3, and cop. in Park. 1259. 3, and Pet. 59. 2, leaves too oblong. — fFuchf. 23, cop. in J. B. iii. 348. i, and Lonic. i. 167. i, ivith pendant ferns more refembles a Sagina or Moehringia. — jf. B. iii. 364. 2, is a Lychnis.) Petals half as fliort again as the empalement. Capjule nodding, on a horizontal fruit-ftalk as in Stellaria, opening at the point with 6 teeth. A. trinervia, in thefe refpedls, agrees with it. Blojfoms white. Leers. Leaf Cldckweed. Roofs, walls, fandy and very dry places. A. May. — July. Sheep refufc it. ^ ARENA'RIA ru'hra. Leaves thread-fhaped. Flower- purple fcales membranaceous, fheathing. — «. campefris. Linn. field J. B. iii. 722. ^.—Pet. 59. 8. /tott'crj expand between 9 and 10, and clofe between 2 and 3. LijiN, — Empalement hzixy , clammy. Relh. — Chives 5. Tips dou- ble. Poinlals 3 and 5. Hall, and Fabric.— Leaf -Jcales ufually fpear- fhaped. Mr. Woodward. — Stems fmooth. Leaves flatted, fmooth, terminated by a little fharp point. Empal. leaves fpear-fhaped, concave, membranaceous at the edge, and belet with minute hairs with globular heads. Summits woolly . purple,. With. Purple Spurrey. Sandy meadows and corn fields. A. June. Aug. Goats refufe it. Sheep are not fond of it. &. Hod's.— Smaller than /I. rubra marina. Stem, knots more diftant than in A. rubra campefris. Flmiers fomewhat fmaller than thofeofboth. SWi fmaller than thofe of raira maraa, varia- ble in its fhape, but in general not bordered. Ray. — The fo- liage has much the air of a Mefembryanthemum. Stem nearly upright, or DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.’ or afcending, fimple, or forked, 3 to 6 inches high. Leaves awl- ftrap-fhaped, convex underneath, about the length of the joints; the lower expanding, bent back, the upper upright, pointing one way. Lcof/ca/ei furrounding the ftem, of 2 lips; lips egg-fhaped, pointed, fometimes cloven at the end. Fruit-Jlalks folitary, from the bafe of the leaves, and at the forks of the ftem, bent dov/n when ripe. Chives 4, 5, or 7. Petals purple. Seeds flat, between half heart-fhaped and kidney-fhaped, the circular edge downy, with an elevated rounded border, the ftraight edge plain, dark . brown; fome encompafled with a membranaceous border, deeper than half the breadth of the feed, white, with radiated fcores, toothed at the edge. So remarkable a difference in ftrudlure one might have expedledto afford a mark of fpecific diftindlion, but, though generally the 2 kinds of feeds are found on different plants, yet they are fometimes feen in the fame feed-veflel. St. Arenaria media. Linn, according to Mr. Hudfon, but Linnaeus cxprefsly refers to another plant of R. Jyn. which fee below.* St. Spergula maritima fiore parvo cceruleo, feviine vario. R. fyn. 851. Failures on the fca coaft. Huns. — With A. rubra viarina on Shell- coaft in the Ifle of Shepey. Ray. A. June. July. [Sept. St.] fea 0. marina. Stem fmooth. Leaves as long as the joints. Leaves and fruit-ftalk downy and clammy. Linn. FI. dan. 740. — Pet. 59. 7. — H. ox. v. 23. 15. — fj. B. Hi. 723. I, Jhould feem to be A. media.) Flovjcrs expand at g. Empalement covering half the capfule. It may feem a paradox to many, confidering the great difference ob- fervable in fize, duration, place of growth, and figure of the feeds, between the varieties a and 0, to regard them as one fpecies, but it is clearly juftifiable. Linn. — Qim varying in number in this, as alfo in A. rubra a. Relh. — Blofs. purple. Flowers, as alfo the whple plant, varying in fize. Seeds furrounded with a membra- naceous border as in A. media, but fhallower. Rupp. ed. i. 8g. — Leaves frequently longer than the joints. Leqf-fcales membranace- ous, broader and blunter than in a. Mr. Woodivard. Arenaria marina. Curt. caf. 201. (St.) Salt marfhes, and on the fea coaft. [Portreath, near Redruth, Cornwall. Mr. Watt. — In a fait marfh near Shirley Wich, Staffordfhire. St.] P. Ray. It is fucculent, and- very much refembles Samphire, and con- fiderable quantities of it are adlually pickled and fold for that plant. Mr. Watt. mountain ARENA'RIA ver'na. Leaves awl-fliaped. Stems paniclecl. Empalements taper-pointed, fcored. — Jacq. X. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. 461 Jacq. aujlr. V. 50/j.. — Pet. 59. 4. — Pluk. 7. 3. — Hervi. par. 12, branches Jlra^g^ing, petals too pointed. Differs from A. Jaxatilis in its Jlems being fcarcely a hand’s breadth high, and befet with fcattered hairs. Fruit-Jlalks hairy, aind empalements pointed. Linn. Mountainous fituations about Settle, Kendal, Holywell, and Llanberys. Mountains about Settle. Curt. — [Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh. Lightf. St. — Matlock, Derbyfhire, and in the northern counties. Mr. Woodward. — Road fide between Holy- well and St. Afaph. Mr. Wood.] P. May. — Aug. A fure indication of elevated ground. Curt. 0. Huds. fGer. prov. 15. 1. at p. 409, referred to by Hudf. is A. juniperina.) AKE'i^ A''RlA tenuifo'lta. Leaves a\vl-fhaped. Stem fne-leaved panicled. Empaleraents upright. Petals fhorter than the empalement, fpear-fhaped. — Vaill. 3. I. — FI. dan. 389. — J. B. iii. 3P4. 3, cop. in Pet. 59. 3. Leaves awl-fhaped, conneAed at the bafe. Empal. leaves finely tapering, or awned, pointed underneath with 2 green lines. Pe- tals broad-fpear-fhaped, half as fhort again as the empalement. Linn. Empalement generally fmooth, oft times a little hairy. Lightf. — Stems frequently purple, often much branched. Leaves connedled, and much bellying at the bafe, fhorter than the joints of the ftem; frequently in bundles from the bofom of the larger, which are the rudiments of branches. Mr. Woodward. ' Sandy meadows and paftures. Corn fields on the borders of Triplow Heath; Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgefhire. Near Dept- ford; Combury Quarry, near Charlbury, Oxfordfhire. On a wall in Batterfea. [Near Cley, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe. — Near Bury. Mr. Woodward. — Malvern Hill, Worcefterfhire. Mr. Ballard.] P. June. July. ARENA'RIA laricifo'lla. Leaves briftle-fhaped. larch-leaved Stem rather bare above. Empalements fomewhat hairy. — Jacq. aujlr. iii. 272. — J. B. iii. 360. 2, but the petals, as Haller objerves, are reprejented as nicked. — fScop. 18, a different fpe^ cies, more like A. aujlriaca.) Empal. oblong, ftreaked, cylindrical, downy. Linn. — Flowers terminating. A. laricffolia. Lightf. — Cannot be the A. laricifolia of Linn. St. Mountains of Weftmoreland. Huds.— Dry mountainous paftures in a ftony foil. Caftlc Hill, near Forfar Angus. LIghtf. P. July. Aug. 'fiig. CHERLE'RIA. DEGANDRIA- TRIGYNIA. 6ig. CHERLE'RIA. Cypliel. Empal. 5. leaves; fpear-fhaped ; concave; equal. Bloss. Petals none, unlels the empalement or honey- cups be confidered as fuch. Honey-cups 5 ; nicked ; placed in a circle; very fmall. Chives. 'Threads 10; awl-lhaped; r fixed to the baqk of t,he honey-cups. Voiar. Seed-bud eg^-{hzped. Shafts-^; ferpentine. Sum- mits Simple S. Vess. Capfule egg-{hzped; cells 3 ; valves 3. Seeds 2 or 3; kidney-fhaped. Ess. Chasi. Empalement of ^ leaves. Honey-cups^; clo- ven ; refembling petals. Tips, every other barren. Capfule , of i cell; ^valves; ^ feeds. I mojy CHERLE'RIA Sedoi'des.— Jacq. aitjlr. iii. 284, — Hall, opufc. 1.3. at p. 300, cop. in Hall. . 21. i.at ii.p. 114. — Pen.voy^^. — Pink. ^2. 8. — Park.y^j. 11, cop. in H. ox. xii. 6. 14. Leaver oppofite, flrap-fliaped, rough at the edge, connedled at the bafe into a kind of flheath. When the leaves fall olF, the fheath and keel of the leaves remain, cloathing the flem, whence it has an affinity to the Gillifloiver tribe. Linn. — In my fpecimens the bottom of the Hems are cloathed with the fhrivelled but entire leaves. ^Honey-cups truly fuch, flefhy, connedled with each other. Sf. Highland Mountains, near their fummits; and by the fides of rills in Scotland. P. July. Aug. X. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. 463 Order V, PENTAGY NIA-, V. POIHTALS. 628. COTYLE'DON. Navelwort. Empal. Cup I leaf, with 5 clefts; fharp; fmall. Bloss. j petal; bell-fhaped ; with 5 fliallow clefts. Ho- ney-ciip a hollow fcale at the bafe of each feed-bud. Chives. Threads 10; awl-fliaped ; flraight ; as long as the blolfom. "Tips upright ; with 4 furrows. Point. Seed-buds oblong; rather thick ; ending in awl-fhaped Shafts, longer than the chives. Summits limple ; refle6led. S.Vess. Chpfules oblong; diftended; tapering; of i valve’;’ opening lengthways on the inlide. Seeds many; fmall. Ess. Char. Empalemcnt xz'ith 5 clefts. Blojfom i petal. Honey-cup femes 5; at the bafe of the feed-bud. Capf. 5. C OTYLE'DON Umbili'cus. Leaves target-fhaped, common fcolloped. Stem nearly limple. Flowers pendant. Floral- leaves entire. Huds. — Lower-leaves in fome plants kidney- Jhaped. Huds. ' Cluf.n.6^. I. — Blackw. 263. — Dod. 13 1. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 2og. 3, Ger. em, 528. i, and cop. bi Turk. 740. 1, and Ger. 423. r. — J. B. iii, 684. i. — Matth. 1122. Root tuberous. Linn.— Sfm frequently purple. S/’fle fometimes fimple, fometimes branched towards the bottom. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, i at the bafe of each fruit-ftalk. Flowers In the fmaller fpecitnens not always pendant. Blofs. fegments pointed, fcored. Mr. Woodward. — Whole p/ent fucculent. Root tuberous, roundifh. Stem irearly upright, flightly angular, 6 to g inches high. Leaves fomewhat fcolloped. Flowers in long terminating bunches, of a white grecnifh hue. Empal. fegments fpear-egg- fhaped. Blofs. fhrivelling, permanent. Sr. — Whole plant has a fhining, frofted appearance. Leaves thick, flcfhy, circular, with central leaf-ftalks, concave on the upper furface, with a hollow dimple nearly in the centre, juft oppofite to the infertion of the Icaf-ftalk underneath. Leaf-Jlalks round. Flowering Jlcms tinged with. 464 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. yellow with red. S/em-Zeauer refembling the root-leaves, but not fo ex- adbly circular, and the leaf-ftalk not fixed fo nearly in the centre. Evipal. divilions extending more than half way down. Chives, eve- ry other fhorter.^ Blofs. tubular, ’S-cornered, Tides fiat. Honey- aip fcales and tips yellow. With. C. umbilicus. /3. Linn. Navelwort. Kidneywort, Wall Pennywort. Old walls, and moift rocks. Weft of England, Caernarvon- fhire, and about Troutbeck, Weftmoreland. [Old walls at Peter- borough; and Thorpe, between Peterborough and Wandsford. Dr. J. E. Smith and Mr. Woodward. — Walls, Cornwall. Mr. Watt. — Plentifully throughout Caernarvonfliire and Merioneth- fhire. Mr. Wood. — Malvern Hill, Worcefterfh. Mr. Ballard. St. — In the clefts of rocks above Great Malvern. S r.] P. June. — Aug. (*CuRt.) COTYLE'DON lu'tea. Leaves target- fliaped, fcolloped. Stem nearly limple. Flowers upright. Floral-leaves toothed. Huns. Dodart. 73. atp, 265, 1 have not Jeen, knotty, creeping. Mori son. C. Umbilicus, a. Linn. Walls and moift rocks, in the Weft Riding of Yorkfhlre. Mr, Ton eld. — In tlie garden of Mr. Clement, who received it out of Somerfetflilre. Huds. P. June. 629. SE'DUM. Stone-crop. Empal. CziJ) -with 5 divilions ; Iharp ; upright; perma- nent. Bloss. Petals^; fpear-fhaped ; taper; flat; expanding. Honey-cups 5 ; each conlifliing of a fmall fcale ; notched j at the end; and fixed on the outfide the bafe of | each feed-bud. j Cniv Ks. 'Threads \o ; awl-fliaped; as long as theblolfom. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-buds oblong; ending in flender Shafts. \ Summits blunt. S.Vess. Capfules 5; expanding; taper; compreffed ; notched at the bafe ; opening inwards along the feam. Seeds many; very fmall. Ess. Char. Empal. xmth clefts. Blofs. petals. Honey- cup fcales p,; at the bafe of the feed-bud. Capfules py ! * Leaves '465 X. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. * Leaves fat, S E'D U M T'eleph'tum. Leaves nearly flat, ferrated. Orpine Flowers in leafy broad-topped fpikes. Stem upright. — *. Lndw. 200. — Fuckf. 800, cop. in jf. B. ili. 681. — Matth. 636. white — Cluf. ii. 66. 2, repr. in Dod. 130. 2, Lob. obj. 21 1, Ger. em. 519. 2, and cop, in Park. 726. 2, and improved in H. ox. xii. 10. rovj 1. 1. — Ger. 416. 2. — Blackw. igi. 2. . More rare with us than Curt. St. B- Curt. iii. 35. — FI. dan. 686. — Fuchf. 801. — Clitf. ii. 66. t, purple cop. in Ger. 417. i, and H. ox. xii. 10. row i 2. — Blaciw. igi. — Lo7iic. ii. 24. 2. — Trag. 373. — f Ger. em. 519. i, .is S. T. maximum. J Leaves oval, rather toothed than ferrated. Empaleme7it not half fo long astheblolTom. petf Is hooked at the point, reddifh pur- ple. Honey -cup gla7ids yellow, ftrap-fhaped^ crooked, not notched at the end. Threads reddifh purple. Tips brownifh red. Duft yellow. Seed-buds tapering at each end, ftreaked with reddifh purple. Seeds long, tapering at each end. With. Walls, paftures, and hedges. [Sandy fields, Suffolk, frequent. Does not feem to grow on roofs or walls, . unlefs planted. Mr, Woodward. — Near Alhburne. Mr. Whately. — Pafture near Mr. Pearfon’s houfe, Tettenhall, Staffordfhire. With. — Fields about Robinfon’s-eiid, Malvern Chace. Mr. Ballard.] P.Aug. Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. Horfes refufe it. Linn. — A decoction of the leaves in milk is a forcible diuretic. It has been given with fuccefs to cure the piles. With. * * Leaves rcwid. SE'DUM dafyphyl'lum. Leaves oppofite, egg-fbaped, thick-leaved blunt, flefhy. Stem weak. Flowers fcattered. — Curt. iii. 25. — H. ox. xii. 7. 35.* — J. B. iii. 691.F Stems numerous, weak, trailing. Leaves broader than they are long, nearly flat above, convex underneath, fea-green with a tinge, of purple. Flowers few, terminating, folitary. Fruit- falkshrznched. Mr. Woodward, Walls and roofs. Market-eit near Market-ftreet; Hammerfmith \ and Kew. [Bugden, Huntingdonfhire. Huds. Mr. Wood'w. — Near London. Mr. Woodward.] P. Curt. St. July. • Too large. Leaves pointed, and on leaf-ftalks. Mr. Woodwaed. St. f Too large alfo. St, Hlu Vol. 1. S E'D UM 466 •DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. yelloxv S E'D U M rejex'um. Leaves awl-fhaped, fcattered, unconne6led to the ftem at the bafe; the lower ones bowed back. — FI. dan. 113, accurate as far ash goes: — Cluf. ii. 60, 2, repr. m Dod. 129. I, Ger. em. 512. i, andcop. in H. ox. xil. 6. 6, and Fet. i^2. when frji come into fiower. — Cluf. ii, 60. 1, repr. in Gcr. em. 513. 6, andcop. in FI. o'x. xH. 6. 7, and Pet. 42. 6, going cut of fiower. — Fuchf. 33, cop. in f. B. iii. 692. 3. — Ger. 412. I. Leaves thrice as narrow as thofe o{ S rupefire , more finely awl- ftiaped, green, not i'ea -green, expanding, crowded, in 8 rows, expanding, not tiled, the lowermoft bowed back as a hook. Linn. — Utem-lcaves fea-green, crowded fo as to cove'r the ftems, at length falling off and leaving the ftem jsare. Stem nearly upright, branched at the top; branches often bowed back. Blofs. yellow. Hall. St. — S/msfrom a hand’s breadth to a foot high, fea-green tinged with red. Leaves of a mixture of fea-green and red. Flowers full yellow, in a tnft,]Ike forked panicle; the lateral branches not unfrequently nightly bowed btick. Chives 12. Pollich. St. Leaves of the brd7iche5 fea-greCn, the upper bowed inwards; thofe cf the ftem tinged with red, diftant. Empakment with 6 andfometimes 7 clefts. Petals 6 or y, bluntifh, concave. H&ney-cup Jcafcs blunt. St. — Leaves in fame plants red, in others green. Empakment with 6 divilions. Petals, honey-cups, and pointals 6. Chives 10. With. —LeauP5 fea-green . Lightf. Prick-madam. — Walls, roofs, and rocks, frequent. [Malvern Hill. Mr. Ballard.] P. July. rock SE'DUM riipeftre. Leaves awl-fliaped, in 5 rows, crowded, unconnected to the ftem at the bafe. flowers in tufts. — Dill. elth. 256. 333.— Pet. 42. 8. — (FI. dan. 59, is a different plant, as is evident from the fiower s growing intermixed with leaves. J Leaves fea-green, more thickly awl-fhaped, tiled in 5 lines. Linn. — Which maybe belt obferved by viewing it with the ends of the branches oppofed to the eye; acrid to thetafte. Blojfoms bright yellow. AV i t h , — Stems before flowering clofely tiled. Leaves fcattered. Plotters in a elofe, thick, branched tuft. Plo/s. yellow. Mr. Woodward. ' St. Vincent’s Rocks, near Briftol. Rocks of Hyfvae over the valley of Nantphrancon. P. Aug. Both this and the preceding are cultivated in Holland and Ger- many to mix with lettuces in fallads. S'E D UM X. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. 467 S E ' D U M album. Leaves oblong, blunt, nearly whitefiowered roXind, fitting, expanding. Tuft branching. — Curl. i. II. — FI. dan. 66. — -Blackw, 428. — Ger. 413. 2. — Cluf. it. 59. I, repr.in Dod. 129. 2, Lob. obj. 205. 2, Ger. em. 512. 2, and cop. in Park. 734. i, and H. ox. xii. 7. 23. — Fuchf. 35> repr.inTrag. andj. B. iii. 690, — Wale. — Lonic. i. 60. I. — (Malth. 1 1 18, is S. min. leretlf. alt. C. B.J ' The whole plant fometimes purple, except the flowers, which are white. Lins. — ^.Sfc7n-kaue5 (when drying) grooved on the up- per fide. Empal. Jegments blunt, dotted with purple. Honey-cups yellow. Tips chefnut-coloured. Dujl yellow. Seed-buds white, pointed. With. St. Sedum minus teret'fol. alb. R. fyn. p. 271. — Tragus Herba, Galli- narite baccoe. Trag.i.p. 60. A. (St.) Walls and roofs. [Walls at Peterborough. Mr. Woodward. — Rocks above Great Malvern. Nash.] P. June. July. Goats eat it. Sheep refufe it. SE'DUM a'cre.^ Leaves nearly egg-fhaped, growing P^epper to and fitting, bellying, nearly upright, alternate. Tuft with 3 divifions. — - . Curt. i. ^..—Sheldr. 42. — Fuchf. 36, cop. in J. B. iii. 694. 2. — Trag.^yg. — Blackw. 2^2. — Ger. 415. — Cluf. ii. 61. 1 , repr. ' . in Ger. em. 517. 2, cop. in Park. 735. 7, H. ox. xii. 6. rote; 3. ' , 12, and improved in Pet. 42. 9. — Dod. 129.3, obf. 205. 4, cop. in Park. 735. 8. — Matth. 1119. — Lonic. i. 59. 2. Flowers terminating. Blojfoms yellow. Stone Crop. Wall Pepper. Walls, roofs, rocks, and dry paftures. P. June. July. This plant continues to grow when hung up by the root, which is a proof that it receives its nouriftiment principally from the air, as is the cafe ivith moll of the fucculent plants. It is very acrid. Applied externally it blifters. Taken inwardly it excites vomiting. In fcorbutic cafes, and quartan ages, it is an excellent medicine under proper management. ■ ' Goats eat it. Cows, Horfes, Sheep, and Swine refufe it. p. Huds. Sedum fexangulare, which fee. SE'DUM fexangula're. Leaves fomewhat egg-fhaped, injpid growing to and fitting, bellying, nearly upright, tiled in 6 rows. — Curt. iv. 37. H h 2 Foot DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Koot not forming a turf. Agrees with the .S’, acre in appearance, flowers, and fituation, but differs in its leaves being before blof- foming evidently, tiled in 6 rows, and, inftead of having a biting, acrid tafle, being infjpid. ZJrancAei never fo copious as to form a turf. Flowers in each branch of the tuft feldom n>ore than 3. Linn. — CldvesS to 12. Mcench. — Stems feveral, with fhort e.x-' panding branches. Leaves pale green, infipid. Tuft with 3 branches, terminating. /7oa/e«on fruit-ftalks, one at the divifion of the tuft, with a leaf at the bafe of each. Empat. leaves growing to and fitting, yeilowifh at the bafe, much fmaller than the blofs, Pefafi egg-fpear-fhaped, concave, yellow. Flowers later than the S. acre. One 5th of the parts of fruclincation fometimes wanting. Retz. — Leaves of the fiowering Jlem nearer to each other than thofe of the .S. acre, longer, more numerous, in general much redder, and nearly of the fame thicknefs throughout, in the young fhoots difpofed in G rows, which are fometimes ftraight'and Ibme- times flanfing. Curt. Walls, roofs, and dry paftures. Near Northfiect and Sheernefs, the Ille of Shepey, and louth fide of Greenwich Park Wall, near the vvefi corner. P.June. Goats eat it. S E'D U M ang'licum. Leaves fomewhat egg-fha'ped, growing to and fitting, bellying, alternate. Tuft with 2 branches. Huns. FL dan. 82. — Ray 12. 2. at p. 32G. — Pet. 42. to. Root branching. .Stem, trailing, cylindrical, leafy, fmooth, branching., reddifh; branches ■d.keimte. Leaves tiled generally in 3 rows, fomewhat pointed, flattiih above, bellying underneath, pulpy, naked, ‘luft, branches fomewhat bowed back. Flowers fitting, pointing one way. Blofs. white, or purplifh white. Capf. purplifh. Huns. — Whole plant frequently of a purplifh caft. Stems proftrate, with numerous afeending branches. Branches numer- ous, afeending, before flowering club-ifiaped, being covered by the leaves clolely tiled. Leaves flelhy, blunt. Flowers terminat- ing, on fhort fruit-ftalks, crowded. Empalcment divided almoft to. th6 bafe; fegmcnls not fo' pointed as the petals. Petals as long again as the empaiernent, pointed, pale flefli-colQured, with red ■ lines. Ti/)5 purple. Capfidcs very [iointed. Mr. Woodw-'T-RD. ■ S.rubens. Lightf. defeription good. F.ocks, ftbnes, and drift fand. Suffolk coaft between Yannouth and Donewich. Ray. Mr. Woodward. — Rocks on the fide of Winaadermer^e. Roofs and walls in Wales, efpecially in the muuntainou§parts,Sea-fliorenear llrakelfham. Northern counties. / Huds. 4S9 X. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. Huds. Mr. WoonwARD.— Devonfhire and Cornwall. Deal in Kent. [Some rocks in Longfledale. Curt.— Whole Suff., coalh Mr. Woodward.] p. July. Aug. SE'DIJ M villo'fum. Stem upright. Leaves flattifli. Leaves and liuit-ftaiks fomewhat hairy. — //. dan. 24. — Cluj. ii. 59. 3, repr. in Ger. em. 516. i, and cop. in Park. 734. 6, H. ox. xii. 8, 48, and Pet. 42. 7. Fruitjlalkshtenl, with i or 2 fioweis. Flowers purple. Hall. ■ — Stan I'mooth below, hairy and clammy above Leaves Hefhy, oblong, nearly flat above, hairy, the lower ones fmooth. fruit- Jtalks 'heiiry, clammy, folitary. Empalement beiiry , not merely lb, as Haller fays, on the keel. Mr. Woodward. Moift mountainous meadows and paftures. Moill rocks about Ingleborough Hill, Yorklh. and Hartfide Hill, near Gamblelby, Cumberl. Ray. Mr. Woodw. — Hinkleham, near Settle. Scotl. [Carr End W'enlleydale, Yorkfhire. Curt.— Clole by Weather- cock Caye, at the foot, of Ingleborough. Mr. Woodward.] A. June. July. . ' ’ 634. O X'AL I S. . Cuckow-bread. Empal. Ck/) with 5 divifions ; fliarp; veryfhort; perma- nent. Bloss. with 5 divifions, connected by the claws ; upright ; blunt ; nicked. Chives, threads 10; hair-like; upright; the 5 outer- moft: the fhortefl:. T7/)r roundiOi ; furrowed. Point. Seed-bud with 5 angles. Shafts 5 ; thread- fliaped ; as long as the chives. Summits blunt. S.Vess. Capfule vnth 5 corners, and 5 cells; opening lengthways at the corners. Seeds nearly round; burfting out of the feed-velTel. Ess. Char. Empalement of p, leaves. Petals connetted by .their claim. Capfule opening at the corners ; p^-cornered. Obs. In fome fpecies the capfule is fhort, and the feeds foli- tary; in others it is long, and the feeds many. O X ' A L I S Acetofel'la. Stalks with i flower. Leaves Sorrel 3-fold. Leafits inverfely-heart-fhaped. Root toothed. Linn. — Leafits hairy. Thumb. Curt. ii. ig. — Sheldr. 26. — Mill. ill. — M^alc. — Blackw. 308. — Fuchf. 567, cop. in J. B. ii. 387. 2, and ill cop. in H. ox. ii. H h 3 17- . 470 DEGANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 17. row 4. I. — T^rag. ^21. — Mill. 195. 2. — Dod. 578. 2,re{'r. in Lob. obj. 499. i. Ger. em. 1201, and cop, in Park. 746. i. — Pet. 63. 7. — Lonic. i. 219. 1. — Matth. 837, cop. in Ger. 1030. I. . • Leauw frequently purple underneath; kajils clofe againfl; rain. Flowers large. Petals white, beautifully veined with purple. Mr. Woodward. — Leajits at green, afterwards purple. Fruit-Jlalks with a fmall purple Horal-leaf. Petals connedled by fmall flefhy excrefcences, the claws being infei'ted into the receptacle fep^rate arrd diftindl. With. — In rainy weather the leaves ftand upright, but, in dry weather, they hang.down. Blojfoms white, butfome- times pale purple. Wood Sorrel. Cuckow-bread. Sonr Trefoil. [Cuckoiv-rpeat. Cuckow Sorrel. Stnbwo7't. St.] Woods, fhady hedges, and heaths. , P. April. The juice is gratefully acid. The London College diredls a con- ferve to be made of the leaves, beaten with thrice their weight of fine fugar. The expreffed juice depurated, properly evaporated, and fet in a cool place, affords a cryftalline acid fait in conliderable quantity,, which may be ufed wherever vegetable acids are wanted. It is employed to take iron jnoulds out of linen, and is fold under the name of ElTential Salt of Lemons. With. — An infufion of the leaves is an agreeable liquor in ardent fevers, and boiled with milk they-make an agreeable whey. Lewis. Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horfes refufc it. Hl'ds. BlofToms purple. Ray. St. Lane between North Owram and Hallifax. Ray. yelhuiflower'd OX'ALIS cornkula'ta. Fruit-ftalks bearing rundles. , Stem branching, fpreading. Linn. — Stem reclining, her- baceous. Thumb. FI. dan. 873. — Cluj. ii. 249. i; repr. in Dod. 579. i. Lob. obJ. 495i 2, Ger. em. 1202, and cop: in Park. 746. 2, afid J. B. ii. 388. — H. ox. ii. 17. row 4. 2. — Ger. 1030. 2. Tiireoi/i cdnnedled as in the clafs Monadelphia. St. — Randle oi 3 or 4 flowers. Clus. Pollich. — 2 to 5. Hall. — generally 2. Boehm. Mr. Martyn. — Seeds brown, tranverfely fcored, in- clofed in a tranfparent feed-coat, which, being prefled, opens with a jerk, and throws out the feed to fome dillance. Mr. Hol- LEFfeAR. — Learef growing by threes, on leaf-ftalks. Capfule s loixg and pointed. Blojfoms yellow. Oxads comiculata. Linn. hort. cliff. 175. hort. upf. 116. — canle ramojo diffitfo, petiolis alaribus paucifloris umbellatis. Hall. helv. n. 929. X. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. n. g2g.—0xys comiculata. Scop. earn. ed. 2. n. 552.— Jiavo Jtore, Ct-us. Ib. 2^9. — Oxyslutea. Bauh. hift. Ger. and Ger. em. Oxys btfeo Jiore. Park. ib. — Trtfolium acetof. coniiculat. Bauh. 33®‘ bUeumviinus repens etmu procumbens. H. ox. II. p. i^.—Oxys Ittlea corniculata repens. Loi. ih.—Oxys five Ti folium \aoeU)fuJH, fiore luteo. Don. ib. (St.) •I Firft found in Great Britain by Mr. J. Turner, in fevcral places in the neighbourhood of Excter.BERKENH. Outlines ii. p. i2j. Mr. Marty.n.— [In a wafte rubbiftiy fpot at Dawlifti, Devoriih. Sept. 1781, and fincu in feveral other places in the fame coupty. Mr. Martyn.] A. but if houfed during the winter P. Retz. i. 52. May.— Od. 635. AGROSTEM'MA. Cociae. Empal. CuF I leaf ; leather-like; tubular; with 5 teeth; permanent. Bloss. Petals 5; claws as long as the tube of the cup; limbs expanding; blunt. Chives, ‘threads 10; awl-fhaped; every other thread fhedding its duft later, and fixed to the claws of the petals, tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shafts thread-fhaped ; upright ; as long as the chives. Summits fimple. S.Vess. Capfule oblong-egg-fhaped ; covered; with i cell, and 5 valves. Seeds many; kidney-lhaped ; dotted. Receptacles equzl in number to the feeds ; loofe ; the inner ones gra- dually longer. Ess. Chak. Empalement of 1 leaf; leather-like. Petals 5 ; zoith claws; border blunt; undivided. Capfule of 1 cell. Ohs. Bloflbm not crowned in A, Githago as it is in the other fpe- cies. Linn.— Hence appears how artificial is the diftindion be- tween Silene and Cucubalus. St. . , AGROSTEM'MA Githa'go. Hairy. Empale- corn ments as long as the bloffom. Petals entire, without a crown. Linn. — Empalements longer than the blofs. St.* ’ * Calycibus corolla longioribus. St. H h 4 Curt. 472 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Curl. III. 35. — FI. dan. 5^6.— Dod. 173, repr. in Lob. oi/. 23. 2, Ger. em. 1087, and cop. in Park. 632. 9. if. ox. v. 21. 31, and pet. 57. 12. — Fuchf. 127, cop.inj. B. Hi. 341. 2, and'Frag. 127. — Matth. 798, — Ger. 926. — Wale. — Lonic. i. 83. 3. Stem upright, 2 feet high, branching above. Leaves nearly growing together, ftrap-fpear-fhaped. Fruit-Jlalks with i flower. Petals blunt, fhining underneath. Empalement with 10 angles; fegments pointed. Seed-bud fitting, pear-fhaped. Capfule with 10 fcores. 5eef5 angular, black. Relh. — Pfto/5 generally nicked.' Mr. Hollefear. St. — Stem forked. Leouej oppofite, ftrap-fpear- fhaped. Empalement with 10 ribs, egg-ftiaped below, divided at the top into 5 long ftrap-fhaped fegments. Petals, the limb towards the bafe with 3 or 5 black dotted lines; claws with a plait near the bottom, appearing to contain a ho'ney-Iike juice. Honey -cup formed by the membrane under the feed-bud. Threads, 5 fhorter, and fometimes feparating with the petals, but in general they all remain with the receptacle. Tips arrow-fhaped. Shafts hairy. Seeds inverfely egg-fhaped, comprefled, each on a pedicle fpring- ing from a common receptacle. I once found on the top of the receptacle of the feeds another feed-bud, with 5 hairyfhafts, con- taining a number of embryo feeds, with the appearance of the rudiment of a 3d feed-bud within it; but in many others which I examined the adary feed-buds were not to be found. With. Recep- tacle of the feeds egg-fhaped, flefhy , | as long as the capfule, befet with pedicles fupporting the feeds, and terminated by 5, fometimes 6, tough, white, awl-fliaped filaments, which, on cirefully opening the feed-bud, appear to be conneefted with the fhafts, of which they appear to be extenfions, correfponding to the umbilical chord of animals or of the ftone fruits, and which, I doubt not, convey the fpermatic matter to the embryo feeds. The feeds advancing to maturity rife above their bafe, and the filaments detach them- felves from the point of the feed-veflel. Empalement moRly i-3d as long again as theblolTom. Blofs. purple, fometimes white. St. Cockle. Corn fields, frequent. A. June. July. Jiorfes, Goats, and Sheep eat it. 636. LYCH'NIS.. X. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. 473 636. L Y C H'N I S. Cuckow-flower. Em PAL. T leaf; tubular; membranaceous; with 5 teeth ; permanent. IjLoss. Petals ^ ; c/am as long as the cup ; flat; bordered; limbs flat ; frequently cloven. Chives, threads 10; longer than the cup ; alternately ripening later, and fixed to the claws of the petals. Tips fixed fide-ways. Point. Seed-bud nearly egg-lhaped. Shafts 5 ; awl-fhaped ; longer than the chives. Summits downy ; bent to- ^vards the left. S. Vess. Cfl^/u/c nearly egg-fhaped ; covered; valves 5 ; cells 3. Seeds many; roundifh. Ess. Char. Empalement of 1 leaf; oblong; fmootlu Petals 5 ; le/itli claxvs ; border generally cloven, Capfule with 5 cells. L Y C H'N I S Flos cucult. Petals with 4 clefts. Fruit meadow roundifh. LinM. — Clefts frequently only Meff. Hawkes and Jones. Curt. 1. 2. — Wale. — FI. dan. 590. — Trag. 403, cop. in Lonic. i. 1 71. I. — Ger. 480. I and 2. — Cluf. i. 292. 2, repr. in Dod. 177, Ger.em. 600. i, and cop. in H. ox. \. 20. 8, andPet. 56. 6. Stems trailing, but upright when in flower. Linn. — Capjule of 1 cell. Leers. Curt. With. — Leouej ftrap-fpear-fhaped, nearly wpiight. Empalement with 10 ribs and 10 furrows, coloured; teeth fpear-fhaped. Petals, 2 middle fegments the longeft; claws with 2 fraall fpear-lhaped teeth at the top. Threads, thofe fixed to the petals fhorter, the other 5 fixed to a glandular receptacle. Shafts of the length of the fhorter chives. Bloffoms purplifh red. With. Armoraria pratenfis mas. Ger. em. 600. Meadow Pinks. Wild Williams. Cuckaw-fower. Ragged Robin. Crow-fower. Moifl; meadows and paftures. P. June. Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Aphis Cucubali feeds upon it. Linn. Mill. i6g. 2. — Cluf. i. 293. i, repr. in Ger. em. 600. 3, and cop. in Park. par. 255. 5. Pleafant in Sight. Meadow near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. WoODtVARD. 3. Bloflbms white. Ray. St, double white [Wood 474 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. fWood near Soufton’s Roch, near Clifton upon Tcme, Wor- ccfterlhlre. St.] Catchjly LYCH'NIS Vtfca'ria^ Petals nearly entire. — Cluj. i. 289. 2, repr. inCcr. cm. 601. 3, and cop. in Park. 637. H. ox. V. 20. 6, and Pet. 57. 3.— J. B. iii. 348. 2. Stems, the upper part of the fuperior joints anointed with a red- difh' black clammy fubftance like tar, in which Ants, and other s winglefs infedls are invifcated, in attempting to creep up to the flowers. Capjules ivith 5 cells. Linn. — Stem upright, limple. Blojfoms red. * Red German Catchjly. Mountainous paftures. Sides of Craig Wreidhin Hill, Mont- gomeryfhire. Rocks in Edinburgh Park. Dr. Parsons. St. — [Near Croydon, Surrey. Mr. Crowe.] P. May. June. Curculio Vijcaria is found upon it. Campon LYCH'NIS dioi'ca. Flowers with chives on one plant, and flowers with pointals on a different plant. Linn. — But fometimes ivith chives and poiutals within the fame empalement. Linn. Huds. red oc. Bloflbmsred. Curt. ii. 14. — Wale. — Cluj. i. 294. i, repr. in Dod. 171. i, Lob. obj. iBi. 2, Ger. em. 469. i, and cop. in Park. 631. i and 2, H. ox. V. 21. 23, and Pet. 57. 6. Correfponds in ftrudlure very exadlly with (3. With. — Stems weaker. Leaves fofter and more flaccid than in (3. Ray. — The male of this kind is that in which there are apices projedling from the middle of the flower; the female where thefe are wanting. And this takes place in both colours, for there is a white and a purple male, and the like of the female. Gesner in C. B. pin. — Gefner’s obfervation is juft. His male, however, is the fertile, and his female the barren plant. St. — ^There are plants with fer- tile and barren flowers, both of a red and white colour, ivhence there is reafon to believe them to be two diftindl fpecies. Dr. Burgess in Lighj. p. 1103. — The conftancy in the colour of the two varieties, together with fome other circumftances, have led me to fufpedl them to be diftindl fpecies. Curt. — There is little doubt but that they are diftinift fpecies. They never grow inter- mixed,nor have I ever found them near each other. Mr. Woodw. Red Flowered Wild Campion. Hedges, ditches, and moift woods. The rocks in the Ifle of Ailfa are covered with it, where there is none of the white. Lightf. P. [May, — Sept, St,] j3. Bloflbms 475 X. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. BlofToms white. ' • H'alc. fertile plant. — Mattk. 997, cop. in J. B. iii. 342, and Pet. 57. 5. — FI. dan. 792, fertile and barren plants, no hairinefsj— H. ox. V. 21. 21. — rPiU‘ fiort. 41. i, has the air of a diJlinSl fpecies, though it is pojjibly the fertile plant. J Capfule of I cell. Linn. Leers. Curt. — Flowers frequently with chives and pointals within the fame empalement. With. St. — But early in the fummer and in the autumn they are gene- rally on diftindl plants. Stems neafly cylindrical, hollow, co- loured, befet with fine hairs. Leaves fpear-fhaped, fitting, oppo- fite, foft to the toush like velvet. Barren Plant; Empalement hairy, tinged on one fide with red. Petals, border divided down to the claws; claws fringed at the top with 4 little fcales which nearly clofe the mouth of the blofibra. Threads fixed to the recep- tacle, unequal, hairy. Tips terminating, thofe on the longer threads difcharging their dull firft. Pointals^ the rudiments of ge- nerally I or 2 in the centre of the receptacle. Fertile Plant; Empalement more diftended, with 5 prominent ribs, and 5 interme- diate fmaller ones, ribs coloured. Petals, border cloven but half way down to the claws. Receptacle of the feeds large. With. Lychnis alba. Curt. cat. n. 321. Wild White Campion. Paftures, hedges, [and fallow fields fometimesfo plentifully as to make them appear at a diftance quite white, where the red is never found. St.] P. June. — Aug. [May. Sept. St.] , 3. Bloflbms flefti-coloured. Flowers with chives and pointals within the fame empalement. Huds. Mr. Woodw,. but fome- timeson diftinA plants. Mr. Woodward. ' Aphis Lychnidis lives upon it. Linn. A Horfe eat it. St. • ‘ • white flelh-coloured 637. C ERAS'- 47® DECANDRIA 'PENTAGYNIA. 637. CERAS'TIUM. Moufe-ear. Em PAL. Cttf 5 leaves; egg an J fpeaj4haped ; fharp; ex- panding; permanent. Bloss. Petals^; cloven; blunt; upright; but expand- ing ; as long as the cup. Chives. Threads 10; thread-flraped ; fliorter than the • bloflbm ; alternately longer and Ihorter. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud egg-flraped. Shafts 5 ; hair-like ; upright ; as long as the chives. Summits blunt. S. Vess. Capfule egg-cylindrical; or globular; blunt; with I cell; opening at the top; with 5 teeth. Seeds many; roundifli. Ess. Char. Empalemcnt of leaves . Petals cloven, Cap- fule of I cell; opening at the point. * Capfule s oblong. marrmleaved CERAS'TIUM vulga'tum. Leaves egg-fhaped. Petals as long as the empal. Stems fpreading. Linn. — Panicle forked. Huds. — Petals generally longer, fometimcs Jhcrrter than the empalement. St. Curt. li. 25. — V^aill. 30. i. — Fet. 58. 6. — J. B. iii. 359. i. — fVaill. 30.3, and Pet. 58. 5, is C.vifcojum.) Very much refembling C. vifcofum, but Jlems more numerous, more reclining, forming a thicker turf before they flower, flower- ing later, continuing longer. Leaves lefs fpear-fhaped, and more egg-fhaped.* Fruit-Jlalks not clammy. Capfules fmaller. Empal. outer leaves not membranaceous at the edge. Linn. — Whole plant rough with hair. Flowers never much expanded. Capfule opening with '10 teeth. With. — Hairs not terminated by globular glands; fometimes but thinly fcattered over the plant. .Stems from i inch to 2 feet high. Leaves varying very much in breadth, the lower - ones oblong-egg-fliaped. Blofs. varying in fize, fmaller when the plant is luxuriant, and the reverfe. Curt. — Blojfoms white. Meadows, paftures, walls, fides of roads, and amongft rubbifh. ' P. Vaill. Curt. May. — Aug. * The reverfe of this is generally obfcrvable with us, Cukt. St. CERAS'- X. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. CERAS'TIUM vifco'fum. Upright, woolly, and clammy clammy. Linn. — Panicle forked. Flowers longer than the fruit-ftalks. Hum). Curt. ii. i^.—Vaill. 30. 3.— Pef. 58. 5. Chives fometimes 5. Hall. — Stems in a barren fituation fimple, and 2 inches high-. Flowers while the plant is young clofely crowded together. Petals narrow. Foliage paler than that of C. vulg. and femidec. Chives \o. Curt. St. — cylindrical, woolly. Leaves egg-lhaped, blunt, woolly, fitting, oppofite. Flowers on very fhort fruit-ftalks, forming a fort of rundlc in the bofom of the up- per pair of leaves. Empalement with fine fhining hairs on the out- lide and at the edges. Petals ftiorter than the empalement. Summits - woolly. Capfule opening with 10 teeth. With. Plant woolly; thick fet, vvhitilh, tapering to a fine point, in the upper part of the ftem intermixed ivith others terminated by oval, tranfpa- rent glands, fcarcely thicker than the hairs. Leaves oblong-in-, verfely egg-fhaped. Blojfom s v^hitc. St. Meadows, paftures, ivalls, dry banks, and ant-hills. A. Apr. May. [to 061. With.] Horfes and Goats eat it. Cows and Sheep refufeit. CERAS'TIUM femidecan'drum. Chives 5. Petals leaji notched at the end. — Curt. ii.2i. — Ray 15. i. rtfp. 348, as growing on heaths. — Vaill. 30.2. very fhort. Learn egg-fhaped, oppofite, fomewhat chan- nelled, blunt, fprinkled with very fhort hairs. Fruit-ftalks vciy fliort, each with i flower. Lmpa/ement with glutinous hairs, mem-- branaceous at the point and edges, petals ftrap-fhaped, white, fharply notched at the end. Chives 5, with white tips, the 5 inner ones without tips. Five honey-cup dots between the fruitful chives and the petals. egg-fhaped. Shafts 5. Linn. — Chiyes 5 to 10.' 3 and 5. Gerard prov. — Chives 5. Shafts — All the 1 0 chives with tips. S c o p . — Shafts 5. S c o p . and Po 1. l i c h, .S'/m in vcJy dry fituations fimple, and about 2 inches high, but more commonly branched, or numerous afeending ftems 6 inches high, and clammy with glandular hairs. Empal. leaves terminatecT by a pointed membrane, clammy with glandular hairs. Petals fhorter than the empalement, often gnawed. Chives generally 5, now and then 6, feldom more. Cup.t. — Empalemciil tinged at tlie end with purple. Mr. Ballard. Walls, paftures, and heaths. A. Apr. May. CERAS'r 478 corn alpine mountain DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. CERAS'TIUM arven'fe. Leaves flrap-fpear-fliaped , blunt, finooth. Bloffoms larger than the empalement. Linn. — Leaves ahmys a little hairy. Hall. Mr. Woodw. St. — Hardly to be called blunt. St. Vain. 30. 4, and alfo 5, which is not C. repens, as is .evident from the capfule, d. — Ger. 477- 1 1. — FI. dan. 626, — jf. B, lii. 360. 1. — Ger. em. 595. 15, cop. in Park. 1339. 7. , Leaves pointed, covered with a fhort .thick down. Vaill. — Pe- tals twice as long as the 'empalement. Hall. Caryophyllus holqfleus arvenfis. Ger. em. 595. (With.) Corn fields, gravelly meadows and paftures, at the foot of walls, dry banks and heaths, in Cambridgefhire. Dupper’s Hill, near Croydon. [About Bury, frequent, amongft corn. Mr. Woodw. — Near Norwich. Mr. Crowe.] P. May. CERAS'TIUM alpi'num. Leaves egg-fpear-fliaped. Stem divided. Capfules oblong. Linn. — bowed. Hall.* FI. dan. 6. — Kay 15. 2. at p. 348. Leaves fometimes fmooth, and fometimes fomewhat hairy. Linn. /wee. — We have here 2 varieties; one with the leaves quite fmooth and almofl; gloffy; the other ivith woolly leaves; but they are clearly one fpecies. What can be the caufe of the fmoothnefs of the one, growing, as they do, intermixed? Flowers generally I, and fometimes 2, but in the Dutch gardens feveral on a flem; hisN. f. lapp. — Some green, and others hoary. Doubted whether not 2 diftinA fpecies. Leaves on the ftems more numer- ous than in C. latifolium.- Ray. Mountains and fides of rills, as on Snowdon, on the north fide of Wyddfa, and Clogwyn du yn yr Ardue near Llanberys. P. June. July. [Beginning of Aug. Ray.] Cows and Sheep eat it. (*CuRT. St.) CERAS'TIUM latifo'lium. Leaves egg-fhaped, fomewhat downy. Branches, each wdth i flower. Capfules globular. Linn. — Leaves downy. Capfules roundifk, but xvhen ripe lengthened out into a Jlraight horn. Hal'l. Mr. Wood\vard. LightJ. 10. at p. 242. f — [Marten fpitzb. G. d. Jiot examined.] Stems * If this mark of difference fliould prove uniform, Light/. 10. at p. 242, will prove'to be C. alpinum. St. f This figure accords in habit vvitli FI. dan. 6, which is referred by Linn, to C, alpinum, as does Mr. Lightfoofs defeription of it with that given by Linn. ‘ in ' X. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. 479 Stems trailing, branched, ftraddling at right angles. Flowers large. Empalement bell-fhaped. G. in Linn. — S'tm^with 2 flowers. Leaves, all downy, the lowermoft egg-fhaped, crorvded, the up- per egg-fpear-fhaped, thickifh, pulpy. Flowers upright, generally only I, fometimes 2. Hall. — Whole plan/, except the petals and capfules, covered with long, foft, fhining hairs. Lower-leaves oval; upper oval-fpear-fhaped, oppofite. Branches terminated by' I or 2 flowers. Flowers large, on feparate fruit-llalks, each fur- nifhed with 2 oppofite fpear-fhaped branches. Capfule, horn blunt. Mr. Woodward. ' On a rock near Glogwyn y Garnedd, the higheft in all Wales, near Llanber)'s, Caernarvonfhire; and rocks on the fummits ef the Highland Mountains. Lightf. P. May. June. ' * ♦ Capfules roundijh. CERAS'TIUM umbella'tum. Leaves egg-fhaped. umbelliferous Flowers in rundles. Petals nearly entire. Fruit pendant. Huds. St. J. B. iii. 361. I. — Rofe 2. 4. — Ger. em. 595. 16, cop. in Park. 1338. 6. — H. ox. V. 22.46, (noting.) De/crip/ion in Englifh. Rose p. 446. Petals with 3, and fometimes only 2 teeth. Chives 5, but fome- times only 4 or 3. Shafts^, and fometimes 4. Hall. — 'CAroes al- ways 3, except once’when I found 5. Leers. — Rower-fcales very fraall, egg-fhaped, at the bafe of the fruit-ftalks. Petals inverfely egg-fhaped, with 3 teeth at the end, white. Pollich. St. — Chives^, 4» and 5, with 3 (hafts, and alfo to with 5 (hafts. Huds. Whole plant fmooth. Stem above bare of leaves. Fruit-flalhs termi- nating, moftly hanging down, of various lengths, each with i flower. Mr. WooDW. — Petals with 5 white ribs; teeth unequal, fometimes 5. Holojleum differs from Cerajiium only in number. There are Cerajliums with 5 chives; in the C. pentandrum the petals are in the fl. lapp. of C. cJpinum. Switzerland is the only place of growth alTignsd by Linnaeus to his C. UtifoVium. The botanifls of that country, however, C. Bauh. and Haller, deferibe the capfulc as oblong, which induces me to believe that Linnaeus was raided refpefting the form of the feed-veffel, from examining dried fpecimens in which the fruit was not advanced to maturity; and that the variety of C. alpinum with •woolly leavet of thff fl. lapp, and yi C. latl/olium are one and the fame plant. Neither Mr. Lightfoot nor Mr, Hudlbn appear to have feen both fpecies. My fpecimens accord with the C. alpinum •with nboolly leavet of the/./flpp. hairs long. foft. and wool-like; Hems afeending, bearing one flower; or forked with i fruit-ftalk from the fork without floral-leaves, the 2 la- teral branches bearing each i flower with 2 oppofite floral-leaves; capfules ob- long, with a fcarcely perceptible degree of curvature. St. 480 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. are entire, in the cloven into 4 and 5; and, on the other hand, in the Holojleum cordatum they are divided, as in the* gene- rality of the Cera/?mmr, into 2. St. (W. 85.) Holojleum umbellalum, which fee. Old walls, banks, and fandy corn fields about Norwich, where it was firft difcovered and examined by Air. J. Pitchford. Rose. Air. Y/ ooDw. — Found about Bury, in Suffolk, by Air. Cullum. A. April. Ala y. marjk CERAS'TIUM aqual'lcum. Leaves lieart-fliaped, fitting. Flowers folitary. Fruit pendant. — Curt. i. 3, but the engraver has forgotten to give the Jlem its due hairi- nefs. — Dod. 2g. i, repr. in'Ger. em. ’dii. i, and cop. in Park. 759- 2- — Ger. 488. i. — fGer. 613. 10, cop. in Park. 1259. i, is aljo referred to by Ray, and is pojjibly the fame plant before any of' its feed-ve£'els become pendant. — J. B. iii. 362, is Polygala vulgaris.) Allied to Stellaria nemorum. Stems 1 or 2 feet high, weak, cylin- drical, fcaree perceptibly 2-edged, jointed; joints reddilh at the bafe. Branches reithev few, folitary, alternate, fimple, often as long as the flem, hairy above. Lef!ue5 heart-egg-lhaped, oblong, fitting, embracing the ftem, waved at the edge, pointed, fmooth, keeled, keel fharpifh; the uppermoft fomewhat hairy, and the i ft leaves of the branches fmaller, heart-lhaped, on fringed leaf-ftalks. flowers from the bofom of the upper leaves and forks of the ftem, on fruit-ftalks, folitary, with fruit-ftalks and empalements hairy, clammy. divided into 2, white, twice as large as the em- palement. Chives 10, white. Pointals 5, white. The empakment znd fruit-Jlalk of the fruit nodding downwards; Capfule egg-fhaped, with 5 blunt corners, fcai'cely longer than the empalemcnt, of 5 valves, hollow above, of 1 cell. Seerfi roundifh, yellowifh red. Linn. — Shafts often 6. Pollich. — Leaves often heart-fpear- firaped, and fometimes curled at the edge. Whole plant fet thick with fine fhort hairs, terminated by globular heads, containing a clammy liquor. Stem not always red at the joints. Branches forked. legmen ts fpear-fhaped. PetoZr rather longer than theem- paiement. Y’ith. — It has the greateft natural affinity to Alfine me- dia. Curt, St, — But is diftinguifiiable by the lower ftem-leaves of the wiP^/ia having leaf-ftalks, and one of the edges of the ftem being fet ^ith hairs, while in the C. ajUatiaim the hairinefs ispeneral, St. Watery places, and hanks of rivers. P. July. CERAS'- 481 X. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. CERAS'TIUM tomento'fum. Leave5-,oblong, downy, zi^aolly Fruit-ftalks branched. Capl’uies globular. — ' - Whole plant white with a thick down. Stems in a thickly matted tuft, forked, with fometimes a fingle flower on a long fruit-ftalk from the divifion ; the divifions branched, but expanding, each branch bearing a fort of rundle. Leai/e5 gradually narrower down- wards, the pair below the forks of the ftem about 3I lines broad, and 10 long, much broader than the ftem, or the whole empale- ment; the pair next below i a line narrower, and the 3d pair i line fhorter, and | a line narrower than the 2d. Fndt-Jialks fingle, of various lengths. Flower -leave s with membrana- ceous edges, in pairs at each divifion of the ftem. Empal. leaves fpear-fhaped, with membranaceous edges. Petals as long again as the empalement, cloven not 5 way down; fegments blunt. .Cloves 10, as long as the empalement, downy. Tips yellow. Capfules globular. Shafts 5, downy, as long as the chives. Mr. Woodward. Specimens gathered in the garden of Mr. Whitelock, who afllired me that it was the individual plant he had tranfplanted from Ripton Wood, Huntingdonfli. where he found it growing wild. Mr. Woodward, 636. SPER'GULA. Spurrey. Empal. Cup 5 leaves; cgg-fhaped; blunt; concave; e;t- panding ; permanent. Bloss. Petals ^ ; egg-lb^iped ; concave; expanding; en- tire ; larger than the cup. Chives. Thread^ jo; awl-lhaped; Haorter than the blofs. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud egg-fha'ped. Shafts 5; upright, or re- fiefted; thread-lhaped. 5umm/7j rather thick. S. Vess. Cup/u/e egg-lhaped; covered; with i cell, and 5 valves. rr 1 n Seeds many; globular, but deprelTed ; encompaifed by a border, with a notch in it. Ess. Char. Empal. leaves 5; entire. Capfule egg-Jhaped; of I cell, and 5 valves, SPER'GULA arven'fs. Leaves in whorls. Chives corn 10. Linn.— Fruit pendant. Huds.— Cfc 5, 7, 8, lo. Scop. St» — often 6 and 7. Poluch. Vol. I. I i Curt. 482 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA, Curt. V. 52. — Dod. 537, repr. in Lob. obj. 467. i, Ger. em. 1125, and cop. in Parh. 562. — J. J5. iii. 722. i, cop. in Pet. 59. 6. Leaves G In a whorl, 3 on each fide, round, thread-like, woolly, clammy. Fruit-Jlalks hvinching. Linn. — Leauej fome what flatted, convex above, with a Angle furrow underneath. Seeds, border fharp, exceedingly fhallow, very entire, but with a nick at its in- fertion oh the receptacle; in fome plants befet on each fide with exceedingly fhort brown hairs, of rather cylindrical prominencies, in others with fcarcely prominent dots. Chives equally variable in the plants with rougher or fmoother feeds. St. — Root Ample, defcending. Stems upright, cylindrical, knotty. Leaves ftrap- fhaped, flefhy. F/orwri in panicles. f/oa/er-/cafe5 oppoAte, very minute. Fruit-Jlalhs bent back after flowering. Blqffovis white. Lyons. — Chives in the autumn frequently fewer than 10. Seeds rough with riflng dots, when ripe black, with a white border. With. — If the Aems are forcibly extended, the cortical part fepa- rates at thebafe of each joint, while the inner part, which is very elaftic, Afetches and continues entire, or, on increaAng the exten- Aon, breaks generally a couAderable way above the joint. Mr. Woodward. With. Corn fields, and fandy places. A. July. Aug. [Sept. St.] Poultry are fond of the feeds; and the inhabitants of Finland and Norway make bread of them when their crops of corn fail. Experience fhews It to be very nutritious to the cattle that eat it. Horfes, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. Cows refufe it. 0. penlandra. Huds. Mr. Woodward. — Flowers with 5 and 10 chives found on the fame plant. Huds. Spergida pentandra, which fee. ^-chived SPER'GULA pcntan'dra. Leaves whorls. Chives 5. Linn. Curt. cat. n. 753. Very much like S. arvenfis, but fmoother. Linn. Spergula annua femine foUaceo nigro, circulo membranaceo albo cindfo. R. fyn. 351, is referred to by Hudfon, but, from his not having given us any place of growth, it fhould feem to have retained its place in the FI. angl. from Linnaeus’s diredlion, in Munt. II. 90, to erafethe fynonyms of S. penlandra, having efcaped Mr. Hud-- Ion’s notice. It Is referred by Linn, to Arenaria viedia, which may poflibly prove a Britifh fpecies. I have a fpecimen from Germany which accords with the defcriptlons of Morifon and Ray, and which I believe to be the S. penlandra of Mcench and Scopoli. In habit it refembles S. arvenfis, not Arenaria rubra yiaritima, and has 5 (hafts; but the fruit is upright, and the feeds Amilar to thofe of A, rubral maritima, are fat, inverfely egg-f taped, and Jurrounded with a membra-^ 483 X. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. membranaceous border, deeper than the diameter of the feed, with a nick at the place of infertion to the receptacle. Add to this, that no furrow was obfervable on the under furf ace. Thefe circumftances fufficiently mark k out as diftindl from the S. arvenfis. The bota- nifts of Ireland may enable us to afcertain this point. St. SPER'GULA nodo'fa; Leaves oppofite, awl-fhaped, hotted linooth. Stems fimple. — Curt. iv. 44, in its mojl luxuriant Jlate. — R. dan. g6, in its more contraBed Jlate.—J. B. iii. 724.— Ger. 567. 6, cop. in Park. 4^7* 3* — Pl^k. 7* 4‘ 59* 5> lateral branches too numerous in- the 2 lajl. Bunches of very minute leaves in the bofom of the oppofite leaves which are the rudiments of finall branches. Ray. St. foliage very much refembling that of Sagina procumbens. Stems not unfrequently branched; branches lateral, fhort. Flowers termi- nating, generally folitary. Empalement of i leaf, with 5 divifions; fegments oblong, membranaceous at the edge, every other fhorter. Petals white, as long again as the empalement, inverfely egg- fhaped, ftreaked. Tips oblong, whitifh. Seeds kidney-fhaped, minute, black, with a net-work .on the furface, not bordered. Capfule egg-lbaped. The ftrudlure of its feeds fliew it not to be of the fame natural genus with S. arvenfis. It is moft clofely allied to Arenaria lark folia. St. Marfiiy places, wet paftures, and fides of rivers, lakes, and marfhes. [Bogs about Settle, and in the North. Curt. — Boggy ground in Sutton Park, Warwickfhirc. St.] P. July. Aug. [Sept. St.] SPER'GULA faginoi'des. Leaves oppofite, ftrap- Pcarlwort fhaped, fmooth. Fruit-ftalks folitary, very long. Stem creeping. Linn. Retz. Curt. Mr. Woodward. St, — Chives 5. Huds.-^5 to 10, but moftly 5. Curt. Curt. iv. 40. — FI. dan. 858. Stem trailing, 2 inches high. Leaves in bundles (alfo) at the joints. Fruitfalks quite fimple, lateral, without flower-fcales. nodding. Linn. — Root branched. fcveral, branched. Leaves connected, awl-fhaped, fringed, pointed. Fruit-falks to- wards the ends of the branches, cylindrical, with i flowgr. Petals white. Chives 5, njore rarely lo. Huns.— Has the habit and leaves of Sagina procumbens, but taller, Empalement befet with very fhort hairs. Vaill, — Agrees alfo with Sagina procumbens in the form of its capfules, fhape and fize of its feeds, but the whole plant is befet with fhort hairs terminated by minute globules, very difiinguifh- able DECANDR.IA . PENTAGYNIA. hble when magnified; and the petals are as long as the empaler»ent, ■and when fujly^e^panded very confpicuous. Curt. ^ - S.. lancina, L^g.htf., Hods. FL dan. f Not S.laricina of Unnceus. Retz. 'CuR-T. St. which Gmelin dejcribes as fringed towards the haje, and with alternate fruil-Jlalks ,from the upper part of the jlem. FI. dan. 12, is referred alfo by Limans himjelf to Stellaria biflora, not to 'mention the flower-jcales on the fruxt-ftalks. St.) . ^ Dry paftures in a gravelly foil. Uxbridge Moor. Ifle of Bute; Cobham and Effier,. Surry;.\ Devonfliire and Cornwall; Putney .'Heath, Coomb Wood, Surry; .Baglhot Heath, Potnell Warren, jiiear the great bog. at Virginia Water. P. June. — Aug. END OF VOL. I. I V 1 V I f'." ? } ''i ,)'V. ' : m 'i , . r 1, «, ■ V •/ "f . .jfc .'■'V / ■ /, ■ ■-W- A , .1 • ■t;: ■ :m f, / ^ p . • ♦ • I ■ J V, ..