3 9 ' JM AM #. * '9m * ZM, * irXV^SSv1 I*' « *•' '•' ■ V, 4 L >• *f _ flH. %K V • #*. •«(*» 1 ■S * .. «.* *Hfc4 > ml %'■ «■•■* «* * Me . R®» . * r* * • ■a * > >*• " 3^, *r * :*• ^ • i,wv ■ I ■? ‘ .- JM 1 V k 55 O&S/S s BOTANICAL ARRANGEMENT O F BRITISH PLANTS; INCLUDING THE USES OF EACH SPECIES, i \ ' I N • f MEDICINE, DIET, RURAL (ECONOMY AND THE ARTS. WITH AN EASY Introduction, to the Study of Botany, &c. &c. ILLUSTRATED BY COPPER PLATES. THE SECOND EDITION. By WILLIAM WITHERING, M.D. F. R.S, MEMBER OF THE ROYAL MEDICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, AND PHYSICIAN TO THE GENERAL HOSPITAL AT BIRMINGHAM. INCLUDING A NEW SET OF REFERENCES TO FIGURES. By JONATHAN STOKES, M.D. L AT E PRESIDENT OF THERO YAL M E D I CAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND; PHYSICIAN AT KIDDERMINSTER. VOL. ' II. «an>r - BIRMINGHAM: PRINTED BY M. SWlNNEV; FOR G. G. J. &. J. ROBINSON, P AT E R N 0 S T EU -R cAv, AND j. ROBSON, NEW BOND-STREET, LONDON; J. BALFOUR, AND C. ELLIOT, EDINBURGH. f M.DCC.LXXXVII. V Clafs X I. DODECANDRIA. XII CHIVES. ]VTOT WITHSTANDING the title of this Clafs, , the number of Chives is not very certain ; fome of the Flowers containing more, and fome of them fewer than 12 ; fo that it is neceffary to attend to another cir- cumffance, (viz.) that in this Clafs the Chives are fixed to the Receptacle, but in the next Clafs they are fixed to the Cup. The different fpecies of Spurge are generally fuppofed di Bicult to inveftigate, but the young botanift will foon learn to diftinguifh them, by attending to the following circumftances : Whether the < Root be annual, biennial, or perennial. Whether the plant in queflion be a fhrub, and if fo, whether it be thorny, or prickly, or neither. Stem is naked, cylindrical, or angular. Leaves are oppofite or alternate; and of what fhape. Rundle is general or partial ; how di- vided, and how fenced. Floxvers have only chives, or both chives and pointals. Petals are entire; crefcent-fhaped, or hand-fhaped, kc. V. Capfules are hairy, warty, or fmooth. Vol. II. K k Order 3P486 DODECANDRIA. Order I MONOGYNI A; I. POINT A L. hi •• 642. As'arum Blofs. o. Cup 3 clefts ; fuperior. Capfule 6 cells. 660. Ly'thrum Blofs. 6 petals. Cup 12 clefts; beneath. Capfule 2 cells. Order II. DIGYNIA; II. POINT A LS. 663. Agrimo'nia Blofs. 5 petals. Cup with 5 clefts ; Seeds 1 or 2. Order III. TRIGYNIA; 111. P 0 I NT A L S. 66 4. Rese'lja Blofs. petals with many clefts. Cup divided. Capfule i cell; gaping. 665. Euehor'bia Blofs. petals fixed by the centre. Cup diftended. Capfule 3 ber- ries. Order XII. CHIVES. 487 ttb Order IV. TETRAG Y NIA; IV POINT ALS. f Tormentilla eredla. Order V. HEXAGYNIA; VI. POINTALS. + Sedum dafyphyllum. Order VII. DO DEC AG TNI A; XII. POINT ALS. 667. Sempervi'vum. Blofs. 12 petals. Cup with 12 di- visions. Capfules 12. + Thalidlrum alpinum. V Kk 2 Order 488 common DODEGANDRIA MONOGTNIA. Order I. MONOQYNIA; I. POINT A L. t ' • 642. A S'A R U M. Afarabacca. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; bell-fhaped ; with 3 (hallow clefts ; like leather; coloured; permanent. Segments up- right ; with the point bent inwards. Bloss. none, Chives. Threads 12 ; awl-fhaped ; half as long as the cup. Tips oblong ; growing to the middle of the threads. Point. Seed-bud either beneath, or elfe hidden within the fubftance of the cup. Shaft cylindrical; as long as the chives. Summit harry ; with 6 refie&ed divifions. S. Vess. Capfule like leather; generally with 6 cells; in- clofed within the fubftance of the cup. Seeds many; egg-Jhaped. Ess. Char. Empateinent with 3 or 4 clefts; feated on the feed-bud. Blofs. o. Capfule leather-like ; crowned. AS'ARUM europrdiim. Leaves kidney-fhaped, blunt, in pairs. — Ludw. 182. — Sheldr. 19. — FI. dan. Go 3. — Mill. ill. — Blackw. 383. — Trag. 64. — -Dod. 358, repr. in Lob. obf. 328. 2, Ger. em. 836. 1, aiid H. ox. xiii. 7. row 3. 1. — Farki 266. 1. — Matlh. 36. — Fuckf. 10, cop. in J. B. iii. 548, leaves in the 3 lajl too pointed. Halil good. — Mill. 53. 1. a. PAcjfcms purplifh. Woods and fhady places, Lancafhire. ‘ P. May. The root powdered, and taken to the'amount of 30 or 40 grs. excites vomiting. If it is coarfely powdered it generally purges. The powder of the leaves is the balls of rnoft of the Cephalic Snuffs, which occalion a conliderable difehargeof mucus from the noftrils without much fneezing. An infufion of 1 or 2 drams of the leaves, in wine, vomits. Cows eat it. CGo. LYTHRUM A BOTANICAL ARRANGEMENT BRITISH PLANTS. / VOL. II. i •/ THE SECOND EDITION. f XII. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. Q6o. LY'THRUM. Grafspoly.* 'Em pal. Cup i leaf; cylindrical; fcored; with- 12 teeth; every other tooth fraaller. Bloss. Petals 6; oblong; rather blunt; txpanding ; fixed by the claws to the divifions of the cup. Chives. Threads 12 ; thread-fhaped ; as long as the cup ; the upper fhorter than the lower ones. Tips Ample ; rifing. Point. Seed-bud oblong. Shaft awl-fhaped; declining; as long as the chives. Summit round and flat ; rifing. S.Vess. Capfule oblong ; taper; covered; cells 2. Seeds numerous ; fmall. Ess. Char. Empalemcnt with 12 clefts. Petals 6; infer ted into the empalemcnt. Capfule 2 cells, and many feeds. LY'THRUM Salica'ria. Leaves oppofite, heart-fpear- fhaped. Flowers in fpikes. Chives 12. Linn. — 1 -6th of the parts of fructification very generally wanting. Mr. Hol- lefear. — All the leaves fometimes alternate. With. Curt. iii. 31. — FI. dan. 671. — Malth. 950. — Cluf. ii. 51. 1, repr. in Dod. 86. 1, Ger. em. 476. 5, and cop. in Park. 546. 1, and pet. 62. 6. — Blackw. 520. — Ger. 386. 2. Stem upright, 4-cornered, branching above. Branches termi- nated by long cloie Ipikes, compofed of clofe fet half whorls of bowers, intermixed with fmall leaves. Petals purple, flaccid. Hall. — Empalement with 10 angles. Scop. — Stem with Ihort white hairs. Leaves fpear-fhaped, fitting, the tipper fometimes alternate. Flowers in tufts in the bofom of the leaves, fometimes clofe toge- ther, forming a long leafy fpike. Empalement hairy, 6 of the teeth Ihort and blunt, the other 6 awl-fhaped. Petals fixed within the longer teeth of the empalement. Threads fixed to the empalement. Tips yellow, fixed to the ends of the threads, after flowering almoft black. With. Marfhes and banks of rivers. P. July. Aug. Pur pie -fpike d Willowherb, or Loofejlrife. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. y. Leaves in threes. Stem 6-cornered. Ray. Relh. * Mr. Hudfon gives to both Lyjimacbia and Lythrum the fame Englilh ge- neric name. St. K k 3 48d4VT purple-fpiked 3-leaved LY'THRUM DODECANDRIA DIGYNIA 5^49° hyjfop-lecived L Y ' T H R U M Hyjfopifo'lia. Leaves alternate. Chives 6. Hall.jen. 6. 2. alp. 295. — Jacq. fi. II. 133. — C. B.pr. 108, cop. in J. B. iii. 792. 3. — Ger. em. 581. 2, cop. in Bark. 220. 2. — [Hall. jen. 6. 3, a good figure ofi it with an unbranched Jlem. Mr. Woodward.] Stems trailing, rather ftiff, branching, rod-like. Leaves alter- nate, fitting, ftrap-fpear-fhaped, quite entire. Flowers folitary, in the bofom of the leaves. Empalement tubular, with 5 or 6 open teeth. Petals 6, purple, white at the bafe. Chives fhorter than the empalement. Linn. — Stem Ample, or branched near the root, not fo upwards. Leaves ftrap-fhaped, fcattered. Flowers nearly fitting. Blojfoms blue. Mr. Woodward. Grafspoly. Small Hedge-hyjfop. Watery places, and where water has flood during the winter. [Near the Wheat Sheaf, 5 miles from Huntingdon, on the North road. Mr. Woodward.] A. Aug. Order II. DIGYNIA; II. POINT A L S. 663. AGRIMO'NIA. Agrimony. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; with 5 clefts; fharp; fmall ; fupe- rior; permanent; furrounded by another cup. Bloss. Petals 5 ; flat ; notched at the end ; claws narrow ; growing to the cup. Chives. Threads hair-like; fhorter than the bloflom; fixed to the cup. ’Tips fmall ; double; compreffed. Point. Seed-bud beneath. Shafts 2; Ample; as long as the chives. Summits blunt. S. Vess. none. The Cup grows hard and clofes at the neck. Seeds 2; roundifh. Ess. Char. Empal. with 5 teeth, encompajfed by another. Petals 5. Seeds 2 ; in the bottom of the empalement. Obs. The number of chives exceedingly uncertain; in fome flowers 12, fometimes 10, frequently 7. common AGRIMO'NIA Eupato'ria. Stem-leaves winged ; the odd leafit 011 a leaf-ftalk. Fruit rough with hair. — Ludw. 43i XII. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. Ludw. 29, /pike forcibly bent aftde. — Mill, ill . — FI. dan. 588. — Ger- 57 5. — Blackw. 283. — Fuchf. 244, cop. in J. B. ii. p. k. 398.-/70^.28. 1, repr. in Lob. obj. 394. 2, Ger. cm. 712, and cop. in Park. 594. 1. — Matth. 1014. — frag. 514. — Lonic. i. 218. 1. The odd leaf l on a very fhort leaf-ftalk, and fometimes nearly fitting. St. — Stem cylindrical, roughifh, hairy. Leaves hairy, co- vered with riling dots, and fegments ending in fmall red- dilh glands, interruptedly winged ; the imallefl pair of little leaves ^ entire, the others deeply ferrated. Fruit-Jlalks furrounded at the top with a fort of outer empalement, which is cloven into 5 fpear- fhaped irregular fegments, hairy at the edges and the outiide. Within this the fruit-ftalk is covered with white upright briflies, above which again is a circle of numerous green awns hooked at the end, and, within thefe, the proper empalement. Empalement , •leaves 5, fpear-fhaped, concave, glandular without, within marked with 3 deeper green lines, terminating with a reddifh point. Petals egg-lhaped, concave, very llightly notched at the end. Chives 5 to 12. Threads bent inwards, pale yellow. Tips orange- coloured. Seed-bud crowned with the empalement, and yellow- ifh flefhy receptacle. Shafts thread-fhaped. Summits, 2 thin lips at the end of each fhaft. Capfule egg-fhaped, hairy, ribbed. Seeds nearly egg-lhaped, flatted on one fide. Flowers on long terminat- ing bunches. Blojfoms yellow. With. Borders of cornfields, fhady places, and hedges. P. June. July. The Canadians are faid to ufe an infufion of the root in burning fevers, and with great fuccefs. An infulion of 6 ounces of the crown of the root, in a quart of boiling water, fweetened with honey, and hall a pint of it, drank 3 times a day, Dr. Hill fays, is an effectual cure for the jaundice. He advifes to begin with a vomit, afterwards to keep the bowels foluble, and to continue the medicine as long as any fymptoms of the difeafe remain. Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows, Horfes, and Swine refufe it. Linn. — The flowers, frelh gathered, fmell like apricots. With. A Horfe eat it. St. K k 4 Order DODEGANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Order III. TRIGYNIA; III. P01NTALS. 664. RESE'DA. Yellow-weed. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; divided; fegments narrow; fharp; upright ; permanent ; 2 of them Handing more open on account of the honey-cup petals. ‘ Bloss. Petals feveral; unequal; fome with 3 (hallow clefts ; the uppermojl bellying at the bafe ; as long as the cup, and containing honey. Honey -cup a flat, upright gland ; riling from the receptacle ; lituated between the chives and the uppermoft petal. Chives. Threads 1 1 to 15; fliort. Tips blunt; upright; as long as the blolfom. Point. Seed-bud bellying; ending in fome very fhort Shafts. Summits Ample. S. Vess .Capfule bellying ; angular ; tapering to thefhafts ; with 1 cell ; opening between the drafts. Seeds many ; kidney-fhaped ; Axed to the angles of the capfule. Ess. Char. Empalemcnt of 1 leaf; divided. Petals jagged. Capfule of 1 cell ; opening with a mouth. Obs. There is hardly any genus fo difficult to charadterife as this; the different fpecies varying fo much both in figure and number. The eflential character confifts in the petals with 3 clefts, 1 petal bearing the honey-cup in its bafe, and the capfules not clofed, but always gaping open. In the iff fpecies, the cup has 4 divifions, the petals are 3; the uppermoft, inclofing the honey- cup, has 6 ffiallow clefts. The lateral and oppofite petals have 3 clefts; and there are fometimes 2 other very fmall and entire petals. Shafts 3. Chives many. dyer's RESE'DA Lute'ola. Leaves fpear-fhaped, entire, with a tooth on each Ade the bafe. Empal. with 4 clefts. — Sheldr. 93. — Tag. 362, leaves the bejl; cop. in Louie, i. 155. 4. — Ger. 398. 1. — Matlh. 1367, cop. in Dod. 80, which repr. in Lob. obf. 1 go. 3, Ger. em. 494, and cop. in Park. 603. 1, and Pet. 38. 12. — Blackw. 283. — J. B. iii. 465. 2. The 'V , ■ * jr. XII. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. 493 =457 The teeth at the bafe of the leaves glandular. Flowers in a nodding fpike, which follows the courfe of the fun through the day; point- ing towards the Eaft in the morning, to the South at noon, and Wefhvard in the afternoon : in the night it points to the North. Thefe circumftances takeplace even in a cloudy Iky. Linn.: — Upper icrtu^jftrap-fhaped. Mr. Wuodw. — Stems cylindrical, hollow, fur- rowed. Leaves ftrap-fpear-fhnpcd, with a very minute reddifh tooth on each fide of the bafe. Floral-leaves , i at the bafe of each flower. Em pal. fegments 4, fpear-fhaped, the 2 upper wide afun- der. Petals 3, the upper hand-fhaped, with 4 divilions; the 2 lateral ones oblong, fometimes cloven. Honey-cup broad, fomewhat hol- lowed on the outer fide’ at the bafe, which is covered by a thin concave lid, formed by an expanfion of the claw of the upper pe- tal. Chives 20 to 30, or more. Seed-bud pyramidal, 3-fided, corners blunt. Shafts none. Summits 3. Capfule with 3 valves, rolled inwards fo as to enfold the feeds. With. Wild IVcad. bycrs-zveed. } ellow-weed. [Wolds. Woulds. Weld. St.] Meadows, paftures, walls, and barren uncultivated fpots. [Coal-pit banks in StafFordfhire and Shropfhire, and about the rqins of Dudley Caftle. With.] A. June, [and July. With.] This plant alfords a mod beautiful yellow dye for cotton, wool- len, mohair, lilk, and linen, and is that which is mod commonly ufed by the dyers for that purpofe, as it gives the brighteft dye. Blue cloths dipped in a decodlion of it become green. The yellow colour of the paint, called Dutch Pink, is got from this plant. The tinging quality refides in the ftems and roots, and it is culti- vated in fandy foils, rich foil making the ftalk hollow and not fo good. Cattle will not eat it, but Sheep fometimes browfe it a, little. RES E'D A lu'tca. All the leaves with 3 clefts; the Rocket lower winged. — Jacq. aufir. iv. 353. — Ger. 216. 1. — Lob. adv. 76, repr. in Ger. em. 277. 1, and cop. in Park. 823. 2, and Pet. 38. n. — J. B. iii. 467. Leaves generally waved. Linn. — Leaves, mid-rib broad; wings in pairs. Hods. — Empal. fegments 6, ftrap-lhapcd, the uppermoft the fmalleft. Petals 6. Chives to 20. Capfule red. Seeds fixed to one corner, generally 10, flatted, nearly egg-fhaped. Relh. — Leaves more properly wing-cleft, the wings running down the mid-rib, tapering down to the pair of leafits next below; the terminating leafit in the lower-leaves often inverfely egg-fhaped, and the late- ral ones oblong and narrower. Ger. 216. 1, is ari excellent figure of it in this ftatc. Blojfums ftraw-coloured. St. Bafe have the upper fencelets pointed. Leaves alternate, remote, thin, not leather-like and ftiff. Stem herbaceous, not woody. Some lateral rundles. Differs from E. fylvatica in its circular fencelets. In E. fylvatica they are extended to a point. Linn. — Stem and leaves flightly downy. Shafts deeply cloven. Mr. Woodward. St. — Branches and f pokes of the rundle very long. Petals when decaying acquire a purplifh hue, and occafion bo DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. occafion it to be fometimes miftaken for E. Characias. Mr. Wo oji- ward. — Slfin purple. Stem-leaves fpear-fhaped, very entire, broader upwards, both blunt and pointed, tapering down into leaf-ftalks, fcattered; flower-leaves inverfely egg-oblong, and in- • verfely egg-fhaped, With a fhort point at the end. The flowering part of the ftem dui ing flowering grows to more than twice its original length. Lateral flowering branches numerous, twice forked. Fence, leaves 5, roundifh-inverfely-egg-lhaped. Fencelets circular or elliptical, cloven half way down on jeach fide, and rounded at each extremity with a fmall point juft perceptible to the naked eye. Petals crefcent-fhaped, yellow. Root-leaves downy under- neath. St. Woods and hedges, [in a clayey foil, frequent. Mr. Wood- . ward. St.] red EUPHOR'BIA Chard'cias. Rundle with many diviftons ; .(above) cloven. Fencelets perforated, nicked. Leaves very entire. Stem {hrubby. — Jacq. ic. pi. var. fafe. 4. — Riv. tetr. 227, Efula caule craJJb, is an excellent figure of what I confider as E. Characias. Linnaeus , indeed, refers it to E. fylvatica, but^tke fencelets are nicked on the fides, and rounded at the ends, as in E. Characias, and not fomezi’hat heart-Jhaped and pointed as in E. fylvatica. — Cluj. ii. 1S8. 1, repr. in Dod. 368. 2, Lob. obf. 194. 2, Ger. em. 490. 8, and cop. in Park. 186. f. 2 d, from the left hand margin, andj. B. iii. 672, though quoted by Ray and Linnteus, Jurely ac- cords, in the Jhape of the fencelets, with the character of E. fyl- vatica.— Matth. 1250, branches of the rundle too fpreading, and too frequently fub-dividtd. — (Wale, is E. amygdaloides.J Stems 4 feet high, {hrubby, Ample, thick, fomewhat woolly, thickening upwards, reddilh, rough below, with tranfverfe fears from the fallen leaves. Leaves fpear-fhaped, leather-like, fome- what downy, bent back. Fruit-fialks downy. Rundle fmall, crowded, terminating, fitting; /pokes numerous, dividing into 2 only once. General fence, leaves feveral^ fomewhat fpear-fhaped, fmall, bent back. Fencelets cloven half way down. Petals 4, crefcent-fhaped, piurple. Seed-buds woolly. Linn. St. — Leaves green, with an elevated rib on each fide, towards the flowers becoming broader and blunter. Flowers fmall, thofe within the firft fencelets with only chives, the reft with chives and pointnls. Petals in all moift. Li n n. — Whole plant very woolly. Lateral branches from the upper part of the ftem numerous, equal in length to the rundle. Stem- learjcs clofefy tiled. Floral-leaves bent back. Rundle, fpokes fliort. Petals not crefccnt-fliaped. Shaft fcarcely cloven. Mr.WooDW. St. Woods XII. CHIVES, XII. POINTALS. Woods and hedges, but rare. Paper-mill Pool Dam, in Hey- wood Park, Staffordfhire. Plot. — [I have fearched for it, but without fuccefs. My fpecimens from the garden of the late Dr. Fothergill. St.— Said to have been found in Needwood Foreft. My fpecimens from the Oxford Phyfic Garden. Mr. Wooinv.] S. June. The powdered leaves, in doles of 15 to 25 grains, operate as a purge. The juice of every fpecies of Spurge is fo acrid, that it corrodes and ulcerates the body wherever it is applied; fothat phy- ficians have feldom ventured to ufe it internally. Warts or corns anointed with the juice prefently difappear. A drop of it put into the hollow of a decayed and aching tooth, deftroys the nerve, and confequently removes the pain. Some people rub it behind the ears, that it may blifter, and by that means give relief. Order V II. DODECAGYNIA; XII. POINTALS. 667. SEMPERVI'VUM. Houfe-leek. Empal. Cup from 6 to 12 divifions; concave; (harp; permanent. Bloss. Petals 6 to 12; oblong; fpear-fhaped ; fharp ; concave ; a little larger than the cup. Chives. Threads 6 to 12; awl-fhaped ; (lender. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-buds 6 to 12; placed in a circle ; upright; each ending in a Shaft; expanding. Summits (harp, o. Vess. Capfules 6 to 12; oblong; comprefiTed; fhort ; placed in a circle ; tapering outwards ; opening on the inner fide. Seeds many; roundifh; fmall. Ess. Char. Empalement with 12 divifions. Petals 12. Cap- fules 1 2 ; with many feeds. Obs. When in a luxuriant growth, the numbers often incrcafc, efpecially the number of the pointals. Nearly allied to Sedurn, but differs in always having more than 5 petals. Vol. II. 501 Ll SEM- 5=PS=502 dodecandria dodecagynia. I common SEMPERVI'VUM tetto'rum. Leaves fringed. OfF-fets expanding. — FI. dan. 601. — Mill. ill. — Sheldr. 59, root-leaves the beft. — Trag. 376. — FuchJ. 32, cop. in J. B. iii. 687. — -BUtckw. 366, only root-leaves, off-fet, and jlowers. — Cluj. ii. 63. 2. — Matth. 1117, cop. in Dod. 127. 2, repr. inGer. em. 510. 1, and cop. in Park. 731.3, Ger. 41 1, and FI. ox. x ii. 7. 41. Flowering branches bowed back. Blojfoms pale red. St. — Leaves flefhy. Empalement not half as long as the bloflom; teeth 11 or 12. Petals 12, fmooth within, fringed with pellucid hairs at the edges, and on the outlide. Chives 6 to 25. Threads red. Dnjl yellow. Pointals 12, placed in an oval or triangular form. With. Cyphel. Roofs and old walls. P. July. The juice, either applied by itfelf, or mixed with cream, gives prefent relief in burns, and other external inflammations. Mixed with honey, it is a ufeful application in apthous cafes. Sheep and Goats eat it. 503 m Clafs XII. ICOSANDRIA. XX. CHIVES. TH I S is called the Clafs of 20 Chives , becaufe, in moft of the plants it contains, the number of Chives is generally about 20 ; neverthelefs, the claflic charac- ter is not to be taken from the number of Chives only, but, from the following circumltances, which will fuffi- ciently diftinguifh it, both from the preceding, and from the enfuino; Clafs: O 1. Cup confifting of 1 concave leaf. 2. Petals fixed by the claws to the fides of the cup. 3. Chives more than 19; Handing upon the fides of the cup, or upon the blolfom, but not upon the receptacle. Hardly any of the plants of this Clafs are poifonous. The fruits are moftly pulpy and efculent. LI 2 Order 5°4 ICOSANDRIA. Order I. MONOGYNIA; 1 POINT A L. 675. Pru'nus Cup beneath ; with 5 clefts. Dlofs. 5 petals. Seed-veJJel pulpy, in- cluding an entire ftone. ■f Crataegus Oxyacantha. Order II. DIGYNIA; II. POINTALS. 678. Crataegus Cup fuperior, with 5 clefts. Blofs. 5 petals. Berry with 2 feeds. Prunus infititia. Order III. TRIGYNIA; III. POINTALS. \ 679. Sor'bus Cup fuperior, with 5 clefts. Blofs. 5 petals. Berry with 3 feeds. Order IV. PENT AGY NIA; V. POINTALS. 681. Mes'pilus Cup fuperior, with 5 clefts. Blofs, 5 petals. Berry with 5 feeds. 682. Pv'rus Cup fuperior, with 5 clefts. Blofs. 5 petals. Fruit an Apple with 5 cells and many feeds. Spjr/e'a. XX. 686. Spir/e'a. CHIVES. 5°5 Cap beneath, with 5 clefts. Blofs. 5 peta/s. Capfules many, col- lefted into a ball. Order V. POL YGYNIA; MANY POINT ALS. 687. Ro'sa Cup 5 clefts. Blofs. 5 petals. Cup forming a berry, with many feeds. 688. Ru'bus Cup 5 clefts. Blojfoms 5 petals. Berry compound. 691. Tormentil'la. Cup 8 clefts. Blofs. 4 petals. Seeds 8 ; without awns. 693. Dry'as Cup 8 clefts. Blofs. 8 petals. Seeds many, with downy awns. 689. Fraga'r ia. ........ Cup 10 clefts. Blofs. 5 petals. Seeds many, deciduous, fituated up- on a receptacle refembling a berry’ . 690. Potentil'la Cup 10 clefts. Blofs. 5 petals. Seeds many, without awns. 692. Ge'um Cup 10 clefts. Blofs. 5 petals. Seeds many, with a jointed awn. 694. Co'marum Cup 10 clefts. Blofs. 5 petals. Seeds many, permanent, upon a flefhy receptacle. Spiraea. Sempervivum tedlorum. LI3 Order p;5o6 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Order I. MONOGYNIA; I. POINTAL. 675. PRU'NUS., Plumb. ' i Empal. Cup 1 leaf; bell-fhaped ; with 5 clefts; decidu- ous ; fegments blunt ; concave. Bloss. Petals 5 ; circular; concave; large ; expanding ; fixed to the cup by claws. Chives. 'Threads 20 to 30 ; awl-fhaped; nearly as long as the bloffom ; Handing on the cup. Tips double ; fhort. Point. Seed-bud roundifh. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit circular. S. Vess. nearly globular ; pulpy ; including a nut or ftone. Seed a Nut ; fomewhat globular ; but depreffed. Ess. Char. Empalement with 5 clefts; beneath. Petals 5. Nut of the Stone-fruit with prominent futures . Obs. The infide of the cup, in moft of the fpecies, is covered with a number of fmall glands, which make an appearance like a hoar-froft. St. — In P. infititia there are fometimes 2 pointals. W ith. Bird-cherry PRU'NUS Pa'dus. Flowers in bunches. Leaves deciduous, with 2 glands at the bafe on the under fide. — FI. dan. 205. — Ger. 1322. 9. — Dod. 777. x, repr. in Ger. em. 1504. g. — J. B. i. a. 228, leaves reprefented as fringed. — Lob. obf. 593. 2, cop. in Park. 1517. 3. Bunches leafy, from below the leaves. Petals ferrated, not nicked as in P. Cerafus. Linn. — Empalement finely ferrated, within at the bottom befet with numerous woolly hairs. Petals finely ferrated. Chives 25. With. Bird's Cherry. Wild Clufler Cherry. Woods and hedges in the northern counties. In a lane between Temple Mills and Epping Foreft. [About Iugleborough, Yorkfh. Curt. — Woods in Norfolk, common. Mr. Woodw.] S.May. It grows well in woods, groves, or fields, but not in a moift foil. It bears lopping, and fuffers the grafs to grow under it. The fruit is naufeous; but bruifed, and infufed in wine or brandy, it gives it an agreeable flavour. A ftrong decodtion of the bark is ufed XX. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. 507=3 ufed by the Finlanders to cure venereal complaints; and a decoc- tion of the berries is fometimes given with fuccefs in the dyferr- tery. The wood being fmootli and tough is made into handles for knives and whips % Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horfes refufe it. PRU'NUS Cer'afus .* Runclles moftly on (hort Cherry fruit-ftalks. Leaves egg-fpear-fhaped, fmooth, doubled together. — Sheldr. 54. 1 and 6. — Hunt. evel. 188. — Blackw. 449. — Matth. 233, and 235. — Dod. 808. 1, repr. in Ger. 1502. 1. — Ger. 1319. 1. — Fuchf. 425, cop. in J. B. i. a. 220. — Trag. 1026. — Lonic. i. 13. 2. Leaf-fcales toothed. Floral-leaves with 3 clefts, ferrated; the in- termediate one leafy. The terminating buds producing leaves, the lateral ones flowers, which are from the laft year’s (hoots. Blojfoms white. Fruit red. Linn. Common Wild Cherry-tree. Woods and hedges, not uncommon; but probably from the (tones of the garden varieties dropped by birds. Ray. — [In Hert- fordfhire, growing to a large fize. Mr. Woonw.] T. May. It loves afandy foil, and an elevated fituation. The gum that exfudes from this tree is equal to gum arabic. Haflelquift relates, that more than 100 men, during a fiege, were kept alive for near two months, without any other fuftenance than a little of this gum taken into the mouth fometimes, and fuffered gradually to diflolve. The common people eat the fruit either frefh or dried; and it is frequently infufed in brandy for the fake of its flavour. The wood is hard and tough. It is ufed by the turner, and is formed into chairs, and ftained to imitate mahogany. This tree is the original flock from which many of the cultivated kinds are derived. Linn. A Horfe refufed it. St. PRU'NUS a’vium. Runclles fitting. Leaves egg- Mazzard fpear-fhaped, downy underneath, doubled together. — * P. Cerafus. Rundles moftly on fruit-ftalks. Leaves egg-fpear-lhaped, doubled to. Huns. a.. P. Cerafus. Linn, which fee. (3. Leaf Wild Heart Cherry-tree. R. fyn, 463, 3. 7. P, avium. Linn, which fee. LI 4 Ludw. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ludw. 108. — Blackw. 425. — Shelar. 54. 5, fruit. — Gcr. 1323. 11. Leaf-Jlalks with 1 or 2 glands towards the end. Bundle fitting, with 3 dowers. Flowers on fruit-ftalks, from the (hoots of the laft year but one. Fence of 4 leaves. Linn.— Two red glands at the bafe of each leaf. Mr. Ballard. St. Black Cherry-tree. Mazzards. Hedges in Suffolk. Ray. — [Herts. Mr. Woodw.] T. May. It grows bed in a rich foil on the hides of hills, uumixed with other trees. It bears cropping, and differs the grafs to grow under it. With. — In Hertfordfhire there is a cultivated variety, called Cairons, which are larger, and much finer davoured than the com- mon fort. Mr. Woodward. common PRU'NU S domef'tica. Fruit-ftalks moftly folitary. Leaves fpear-egg-fhaped, coiled. Branches without thorns. Linn. St. in Bot. Arr . ed. i. Park. 1512.1. — Gcr. 1311. 1. — Matth. 265. — Lordc. 1. 52. \. — Fuchf. 403, cop. in Trag. 1019. — Dod. 805, repr. in Lob. obf. 59 5- 2» Ger. em. 1497. 1. Leaves , when expanding from the bud, coiled. Flowering buds producing no leaves. Linn. — Empal. fegments bent downwards;, befet on the infide with a number of glandular hairs. Petals ob- long-egg-fhaped, dat. Correfponds in all refpecfts with the culti- vated varieties, except, that in thofe, the petals are more perfectly egg-fhaped, and the dowers more conftantly in pairs. St. — Em- palement fometimes cloven into 6. Shaft crooked towards the top. With. Prunus communis domejlica. Huds. Plumb-tree. Hedges, [probably fronr the fruit of the cultivated varieties accidentally dropped there. St.] T. April. It loves a lofty expofure, and is favourable to pafturage. The varieties have probably originated from the red and white culti- vated plumb, either fown by delign or accident. The cultivated garden plumbs are derived from this fpccies. The bark dyes yellow. A Horfe eat the leaves. Afles are fond of them. St, damfon (3. Blackw. 305. — Gcr. 1312. 4. Bullace PRU'NUS injiti'tia. Fruit-ftalks in pairs. Leaves egg-fhaped, (lightly woolly, coiled. Branches running into thorns. — ( Blackw . 305, is n variety of P, domejlica.) As XX. CHIVES, I. POINTAL. As large as P. domeftica. Branches reddifh brown, fmooth, fome of them terminating in a thorn. Props narrow, fringed, fharp, cloven at the. bafe. Upper furface of the leaves fmooth. Cups fmooth. Linn. — Fruit black and wax-coloured. Relh. — Empal. fegments horizontal, rounded at the end, befet on the infide with glandular hairs. Petals round-heart-fhaped, white. Fruit black. S r. props cloven down to the bafe. . Empal. the outer 11c in may be pulled off, adhering to thefruit-ftalk, appearing like an outer cup. Blofs. larger than that of P. domefica. Shaft ftraight. \V i th. Black Bullace-tree . — Hedges. T. April. The fruit is acid, but fo tempered, by a fweetnefs and rough - nefs, as not to be unpleafant, particularly after it is mellowed by the frofts. A conferve is prepared, by mixing the pulp with thrice its weight of fugar. The bark of the roots and branches is confi- derably ftyptic. An infufion of the flowei's, fweetened with fugar, is a mild purgative, not improper for children. PRU'NUS fpino'fa. Fruit-ftalks folitary. Leaves Sh fpear-fhaped, fmooth. Branches thorny. — Sheldr. 73. — Fuchf. 404, cop. in 'Trag. 1016, andJ.B. i. a. 193, and Lovic. i. 51. — Blachw. 494, good, except that the leaves are oblong-egg-Jhaped, injlead of inverfely egg-fpear-Jhaped. — Malth. 266. — Dod. 753. 2, repr , in Lob , obf. 595. 1, Ger. em. 1497. 5, and cop. in Park. 1033. — Ger. 1313, 2 in fewer, 1 in fruit. Leaves fpearregg-fhaped, ferrated; ferratures terminated by an excretory dudt, the terminating one blunter and fhorter. Leaf- fcales ftrap-fhaped, between ferrated and toothed; the points of the teeth as if dead. Linn. — Shafts fometimes 2. St. Black-thorn. Sloe-tree. [Scrogs. With.- — The fruit called Sloes, and by the country people Slons. S r.] Hedges. T. March. April. This is not well adapted to grow in hedges, becaufe it fpreads its roots wide, and encroaches upon the pafturage; but it makes good dead fence. The wood is hard and tough, and is formed into teeth for rakes, and walking flicks. The thorns have fomething of a poifonous nature in the autumn. The tender leaves dried, arc fometimes ufed as a fubftitute for ten, and is, J believe, the bell fubftitute that has yet been tried. The fruit bruifed, and put into wine, gives it a beautiful red colour, and a pleafant fub-acid rough- nefs. An infufion of a handful of the flowers is a fafe and eafy purge. The bark powdered, in dofes of 2 drams, will cure fome agues. Letters written upon linen or woollen, with the juice of the fruit, will not wafh out. Sheep, Goats, and Horfes eat it. The 5°9 Jio ICOSANDRIA DIGYNIA. The different fpecies furnifh nourifhment to the P A P I L 1 0 Cratcegi , Polychloros, and Betulce; PH ALAN A quercifolia, quercvs, lanejlris, ccerulocephala , pavonia, neujlria, Oxyacanthce, Cilrago, pru- naria, and brumata; APHIS padi; CURCULIO cerafi, and Pruni; and SCAR ABACUS hordeola. I Order II. DIGYNIA; II. POINT A L S. \ . fl 678. CRATiE'GUS. Hawthorn. Empal.Cu^ 1 leaf; concave; expanding; with 5 teeth ; permanent. Bloss. Petals 5 ; circular; concave; fitting; fixed to the cup. Chives. Threads 20; awl-fhaped; fixed to the cup. 'Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud beneath. Shafts 2 ; thread-fhaped ; up- right. Summits knobbed. S.Vess. Berry flefiiy ; nearly globular ; dimpled. Seeds 2 ; rather oblong; feparate; grifily. Ess. Char. Empalement with 5 clefts. Petals 5. Berry beneath ; with 2 feeds. Obs. The number of pointals variable. Reich. IVhitebeam CRAT^E'GUS A'ria. Leaves egg-fhaped, cut, ferrated, cottony underneath. — FI. dan 302. — Crantz. ii. 2. 2. — Mill, ill . — Hunt. evel. 18 1. — J. B. i. a. 65. — Lob. adv. 435. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 1327. 2, and cop. in Park. 1421 .—-Ger. 1146. 2. Seeds 4, in each cell 2. Crantz. With. — Fruit apple like. Seeds like thofe of the pear. Crantz. — Shafts 2 to 4, with as many feeds. Du Roi. — Leaves quite white underneath. Empal. woolly. Petals fcolloped towards the end, and woolly at the bafe, white. Shafts woolly at the bafe. Fruit red . With. While Beam-tree. [Wild Pear-tree, Derbyfhire. Mr. Wood w.] Woods and hedges, efpecially in mountainous lituations and calcareous foil. [Mountainous parts of Derbyfhire, from the fiffures of the precipices, without any appearance of foil. Mr. Woodward.] T. May. It XX. CHIVES, II. POINTALS. It loves dry hills and open expofures, and flourifhes either in -ravel or clay. It bears lopping, and permits the grafs to grow. The wood, being hard, tough, and fmooth, is ufed for axle-trees, wheels, walking-flicks, carpenters, and other tools. The fruit is eatable when mellowed by the autumnal frofts, and an ardent pirit may be diftilled from it. It feldom bears a good crop of fruit 2 years together. — Sheep and Goats eat it. CRATyE'GUS tormina'lis. Leaves heart-fhaped, with 7 angles ; lowermofl lobes ftraddling. — Jacq. fi. 443. — FI. dan. 798. — Hunt. evel. 182. — Matth. 263. — Cluj. i. 10. 2, repr. in Dod. 803. 2, Lob. obf. 614. 2, and Ger. em. 1471. 2, — Ger. 1287. 2. — Trag. 1010. — Park. 1420. 2, cop. in J. B. i. a. 63. — Lonic. i. 50. 2. — (Blackw. 173, is S. aucuparia.) Cells 2. Seeds 4. Crantz. — Blojfoms white. Fruitreddifh brown. Wild Service-tree or Sorb. Woods and hedges. [Bath Hills, near Bungay. Mr. Woodw.] T. May. CRAT/E'GUS monoery'na. Leaves generally clo- •ven into 3, pointed. Shaft fingle. Jacq. — Lobes of the deaves expanding. St.* Jacq. f. 292. 1. — Sheldr. 21. — Barr. 563. — Cluj. i. 121, repr. in Lob. obf. 614. 2, and cop. in Park. 1025. — Wale. — Blackw. 149. 1. — Trag. 984. — Ger. 1146. 1. — Dod. 751. 1, repr. in Ger.em. 1327. 1. — (Jacq.jl. 292. 2. — Matth , 163. — Blackw. 149. 2, J.B. i. b. 49, and FI. dan. 634, are C. Oxyacantha. — In Hunt. evel. 398, are reprefenled 3 Jhafts, and in the leaves it approaches very near to the true C. Oxyacantha .) Trunk afeending, round, very much branched. Bark fmooth. Thorns pointed. Leaves with 3 clefts, on leaf-ftalks, pointed at thebafe, gloffy; the middle fegment with 3 clefts, edge very en- tire. Fruit-Jlalks branched, with 2 or 3 flowers. Empalement hairy; fegments pointed, bent back. Petals , edge wrinkled. Tips red. Shaft at firft Ample, afterwards divided into 2. Lyons. — Blojfoms white, fometimes with a pretty full tinge of crimfon. St. — Shaft 1, and feed 1. Crantz. Scop. With. Bot. Arr. ed. i. Huds. ed. ii. — Leaves bluntly ferrated. Branches thorny. Threads 13 to 20. Tips oblong, double, pale red. In 1 plant Jhafts 2, and feeds 2 ; but, in one of the flowers, there were 6 petals; and, in ano- ther, 511=557 Service 1 common * Lobls foliorum patentibus, inferne integerrimis. St. ICOSANDRIA DIGYNIA. ther, one of the chives was half converted into a 7U1 petal. Petals bluntly fcolloped. Fruit a coral red. With. White-thorn. Haw-thorn. May. The fruit called Haws. Crateegus Oxyacantha. Huds. Relh. Scop, but the C. Oxyacantha of Linn, is a different plant. Sr. Woods and hedges, [but in hedges it is rather to be confidcred as a cultivated plant. St.] T. May. Upon account of the ftiffnefs of its branches, the fharpnefs of its thorns, its roots not fpreading wide, and its capability of bear- ing the fevereft winters without injury, this plant is univerfaily preferred for making hedges, whether to clip, or to grow at large. The wood is tough, and is formed into axle-trees, and handles for tools. The berries are the winter food of Thrufh and many other birds. @. Huds. Leaves and fruit larger. Di ll. in R. fyn. 454.. 4. In the hedge of an orchard at Gadington, Northamptonfhire; Ricot Pa,rk, and elfewhere, Oxfordfhire. Dill. ib. 3. Berries yellow. Ray. 4. Berries white. In the bowling green hedge at Bampton, Oxfordfhire. Ray. 5. Leaves more finely divided. Ray. Relhan. Not unfrequently met with about London. Ray. 6. The Glajlcnhury Thorn is not confidered, either by Ray or Hudfon, as even a naturalized plant, but, from a ipecimen of a young fhoot of it, I am inclined to believe, that it will prove, on a careful examination, to be the C. Oxyacantha. St. Glaftenbury, in Somerfetfhire, and about Reading, in Berkfh. The different fpecies afford nourifhment to PAP1L10 Cralcegi; PHAL/HNA ccerulocephala, Oxyacantha, and cratocgata. Order XX. CHIVES, III. POINTALS. Order III. 'TRIGYNIA; III POINTALS. 5T3 6ig. S O R'B U S. Service. / i Empal. Cup i leaf; concave; expanding; with 5 teeth; permanent. B oss. Petals 5 ; circular; concave; fixed to the cup. Ehives. ‘ Threads 20; awl-fhaped; fixed to the cup. rips roundifh. fo nt. Seed-bud beneath. Shafts 3 ; thread-fhaped ; up- right. Summits roundifh. 'S. Vess. Berry foft ; globular ; with a hollow dimple. Seeds 3 ; rather oblong; feparate ; grifily. Ess. Char. Empalement with 3 clefts. Petals 5. Berry beneath ; with 3 feeds. Obs. The number of fhafts is inconflant. Reich. S O R'B U S aucupa'ria. Leaves winged, fmooth on mountain both fides. — Mill. ill. — Hunt. evel. 218. — Blackw. 173. — Mallh. 262. — Dod. 834, repr. in Cer. em. 1473. — Lob. obf. 544. 2. — J. B. i. a. 62. — Ger. 1290. — Park. 1419. 2. — Trag. 1009. — Grantz. ii. 1. 4, fruit cut acrofs. Shafts and feeds 3, and 4. Pollich. — Fruit with 5 cells, and 5 feeds, though fomc of thole prove abortive. Crantz. — Leaves, rib •channelled. Leafits 7 or 8 pair, littting, fpear-fhnped, ferrated, the intermediate ones the longeft. Broad-topped [pike terminating. \Berry round, of a pleafant red, or fcarlet. Seeds 3, 4, 5, reddifh. Relhax. — Blojf&ms white. St. .Quicken-tree . Mountain AJh. Roan-tree. Woods and hedges, in mountainous and boggy fituations, in Wales, Scotland, and the North of England. It grows cither in woods or open fields, but belt on the fides of hills, and in fertile foil. It will not bear lopping. Plants grow well in its fhade. The wood is foft, tough, and folid. It «s converted into tables, fpokes for wheels, fhafts, chairs, ‘Sec. TThc roots ate formed into handles for knives, and wooden fpoons. The berries dried, and reduced to powder, make wholefome bread; ICOSANDRIA TRIGYNIA. bread; and, an ardent fpirit may be diftilled from them, which has a fine flavour, but it is fmall in quantity. The berries too, infufed in water, make an acid liquor fomewhat like perry, which is drank by the poorer people in Wales. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. Linn. A Horfe refufed it. The berries, when ripe, have a grateful acid flavour, and are fold in the markets. St. bajlard SOR'BUS hy'brida. Leaves half winged, cottony underneath. Linn. — Leaves, fome angular, others half winged. Huds. FI. dan. 301. — Linn, fl.fafc. i. 6. Stature and foliage fomewhat like that of Crataegus Aria. Flowers, tuft, and the 3 pointals of Sorbus aucuparia. Linn. Mountains. On the walls of Caftel Dinas bran, Denbighfh. T. May. true SOR'B U S domef'tica. Leaves winged, woolly under- neath.— Jacq. ft. 447. — Crantz. ii. 2. 3, the fruit. — Najh i. at. p. 10 . /. 3, branch and fruit; f. 1, the zvhole tree. — Matth. 261. — Cluf. i. 10. 3, repr. in Dod. 803. 1, Lob. obf. 544. 1, Ger. em. 1471. 1, and abridged in Park. 1420. 1. — Blackw. 174. — Fuchf. 576, cop. in Trag. 1012, J. B. i. a. 59, and abridged in Lonic. i. 50. 1. — Spett. de lanat. ii. 28. A. B. at p. 290, and Nat. delin. ii. 18. A. B. at 31 1. Fruit the fize of a crab. Does not produce fruit till grown to a confiderable age. Linn. — Cells 5. All the feeds feldom com- ing to perfection. Blojfoms white. Frat brownifh. Crantz. True Service, or Sorb. Mountainous Forefts. Mountainous parts of Cornwall, and the Moorelands of Staffordfhire. [In the middle of a thick wood in the foreft of Wire, near Bewdley, Worcefterfh. 1 mile from Mopfon’s Crofs, between that and Dowles Brook, found by Mr. Pitts, Alderman of Worcefler. Ray. Nash. St.] T. Apr. The fruit is eaten by the Italians. Rax’s travels. — It is mealy and auftere, not much unlike the Medlar. The Chernies Sorbi, and Coccinella bipujlulata, live upon this and | S. aucuparia. Linn. The wood is valuable for making mathematical rulers, andex- cifemens gauging flicks. Nash. * Order XX. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. 5 1 Order 1 V . PENTAGTNIA; V. POINTALS. 68 1. ME STILUS. Medlar. Empal. Cup i leaf; concave; expanding; with 5 teeth; permanent. 3loss. Petals 5 ; circular ; concave ; fixed to the cup. Chives. Threads 20 ; awl-fhaped; fixed to the cup. ‘Pips fimple. Point. Seed-bud beneath. Shafts 5 ; fimple; upright. Summits roundifh. 5. Vess. Berry globular; with a deep hollow, but clofed I by the cup. Seeds 5 ; bellying; hard as bone. Ess. Char. Empalement 5 clefts. Petals 5. Berry be- neath; with 5 feeds. Obs. From the above defcription, it appears, that the Crataegus |'!Sor6a5, and Mejpilus, are very nearly allied, fo as hardly to be dif- I tinguifhed, otherwife than by the number of pointals. The leaves I iof the Sorbus are generally winged; of -the Crataegus angular; and I iof the Mefpilus entire. Linn. — The number of (hafts variable. I .Reich. MES'PILUS german'ica. Without thorns. Leaves common I fpear-fhaped; cottony underneath. Flowers folitary, fitting. — Ludw. — Biachv. 154, fower and fruit well done. — Ger. 1264. — Dod. 801. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 591. 1, and Ger. em. 1453. 1. — Matth. 253, ill cop. in Park. 1422. 2. — J. B. i. a. 69. — Trag. 1014. — Lonic. i. 13. 1. Branches woolly. Leaves oval fpear-fhaped; towards the point ferrated, and fomewhat woolly. Leaf-Jlalks very fhort, channel- led. Empalements terminating, hairy, with a floral-leaf as long as the bloflom. Linn. — Floral-leaf ftrap-fhaped. Empal. flelhy, woolly within; teeth longer than the bloffom. Chives unequal, 30 or more. Summits cloven. With. — Blojfoms white. Fruit red- difh brown. Medlar Tree. Hedges I common wild cultivated ICOSANDRIA PENTAG YNIA. Hedges, about Minehivillc. T. May. Many people are fond of the fruit when it becomes foft by keeping; it is fomewhat audere, and binds the bowels. With. 682. PY'RUS. Pear. Em pal. Cup 1 leaf; concave; with 5 (hallow clefts; per- manent ; fegments expanding. Bloss. Petals 5 ; circular; concave; large; fixed to the cup. Chives. 'Threads 20; awl-fhaped ; fhorter than the blofs. fixed to the cup. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud beneath. Shafts 5; thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summits fimple. S. Vess. an Apple; fomewhat globular; with a hollow dimple ; fiefhy ; v/ith 5 cells ; divifions membrana- ceous. Seeds feveral ; oblong; blunt; taper at the bafe ; con- vex on one fide ; Hat on the other. Ess. Char. Empalement with 5 clefts. Petals 5. Apple beneath ; with 5 cells, and many feeds. 9 PY'RUS commu'nis. Leaves ferrated, fmooth. Flowers in broad-topped fpikes. — a. Park. 1500. 2. — Ger. 1271. 3. (3. Huds. — Bldckw. 453. — Matth. 251. — Lol.ohf. 590. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 14 57, and cop. in Park. 1500. 1. — Dod. 800, repr. in Ger. cm. 1456. — Ger. 1267 to 1270. — Lonic. i. 11. — Trag. I04 5- . * Blojjoms white. Fear Tree. — Woods and hedges. T. April. May. It loves a fertile foil, and (loping ground; but will not thrive well in muift bottoms. It (lands the fevered winters, and does not dedroy the grafs. The wood is light, fmooth, and compatd; it isufed by turners, and to make joiners tools; and for picture frames, to be dained black. The leaves afford a yellow dye, and may be uled to give a green to blued cloths. The iruit is audere; but, when cultivated, highly grateful, as is proved by the great variety of excellent pears which the iududry of mankind has railed* for they all originate from this. With. — The juice of the fruit, fermented, is called Perry, large quantities of which are raifed in Worcederfhire and Hereiordfhirc. The fort called Squafh Perry is held in peculiar edimation, and its flavour preferred by many to XX. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. 51 to that of Champagne, which it much refembles in colour, and in the large quantity of fixed air it contains. St. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat the leaves, which afford ■nourifhment to PAPILIO polychloros; P HAL/EN A Populi, lubrl- cipeda, quercifolia, pudibunda, coerulocephala, brumata , Pomonella; APHIS Pyri; CHERMESPyri ; CURCULIO Pyri; MUSCA Pyrajlri. Linn. A Horfe eat it, but did not feem fond of it. St. PY'RUS Ma'lus. Leaves ferrated. Rundles fitting. Apple Blackw. 178. — Ger. 1276. t, 2, and 3.— Ger. 1272. 4, cop. in Ger. eni. 1461, and Park. 1503. 2. Leaves more circular than thofe of the preceding fpecies. Petals tinged with red on the outlide. Crab Tree. Wilding. Woods and hedges. T. May. It flourifhes better on declivities, and in fhady places, than in open expofures, or boggy lands. Grafs, and even corn, will grow beneath it. It is much ufed as a flock, on which to ingraft the better kinds of apples; becaufe its roots are neither killed by frofl, nor eaten by field mice. The bark affords a yelldw dye. The wood is tolerably hard; it turns very clean, and, when made in- to cogs for wheels, obtains a polifh, and wears a long time. The acid juice of the fruit is called, by the country people, Verjuice, and is much ufed in recent fprains, and in other cafes, as an aftringent or repellent. With a proper addition of fugar, it is probable that a very grateful liquor might be made with the juice, but little inferior to Old Hock. Horfes, Cow’S, Sheep, and Gpats eat it. Swine are very fond of the fruit. Linn. A decodlion of the inner bark is faid to be a good fubflitute for the Peruvian Bark. Mr. Hollefear. PH AL PEN A difpar, Populi, Fajcelina, Chryforrhcea, Pfi, Oporana, brumata, Pomonella, Monacha; APHIS Mali; SCAR AB/EUS Horticola feed upon it. , /2. Huds.— Blackw. 141. — Mill. ill. — Ger.. 1273 to 1274. — J. B. cultivated i .a. 1. — Lob.obf. 590. 1 , repr. in Ger. em. 1459. 1, and cop. in Park. 1503. 1. — Dod. 789, repr. in Ger.em. 1459.2. — Lonic. i. 10. 1, the fruit reprejents different cultivated varieties. Apple Tree. — Orchards, and hedge rows. T. May. The juice fermented is called Cyder, of which large quantities are made in Herefordfhire, Devonfhire, and part of Worcefter- fhire and Glouceflerfhire, in a foil of deep clay. The ftronger forts, as the Styre Cyder, will bear exportation to the Eafl and Vol. II. Mm Weft 5>8 ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Dropwort » Weft Indies. The Cyder apple trees were originally brought from Normandy. A Horfe repeatedly refufed the leaves, and even young fhoots. St. 68 6. S P I R yE ' A. Meadowfweet. Empal. Cup i leaf; with 5 fhallow clefts ; flat at the bafe ; fegments (harp ; permanent. Bloss. Petals 5 ; inverfely egg-fhapetl, but oblong ; fixed to the cup. Chives. I'hreads more than 20 ; fhread-fhaped ; (horter than the bloflom ; fixed to the cup. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-buds 5 or more. Shafts the fame number ; thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summits fome- what globular. S. V ess. Capfules oblong ; tapering ; comprelfed ; valves 2. Seeds few; tapering; fmall. Ess. Char. Empal etnent 5 clefts. Petals 5. Capfules zvith many feeds. S P I R JE ' A Filipen'dula. Leaves interruptedly winged; leafits ftrap-fpear-fhaped, interruptedly ferrated, very fmooth. Flowers in tufts. — FI. dan. 635. — Blackw. 467. — Fuchf. 562, cop. in Drag. 883. — Lonic. i. 220. 2. — Ger. goo. 1. — Matlh. 865. — Cluf. ii. 21 1. 2, repr.in Dod. 5 6. 1, Lob.obf. 420. 3, Ger. em. 1058. 1, and cop. in Park. 435. 1 , pet. 71.6, and abridged in H. ox. ix. 20. row 1, left hand figure. — J. B. iii. b. 189, more like thofe cf Sifon verticillatum. Capfules numerous, difpofed in a circle. Linn. — Stem, upper part nearly naked. Leafts with appendages at the bafe, the termi- nating one with 3 lobes. Leaf-fcales embracing the Item, ferrated; ferratures almoft awned. Mr. Woodward. Dropwort. Mountainous meadows and paftures, in a calcareous foil. SwafFham Heath, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe. — Ripton, Huntingdon- fhire. Mr. Woodward. — Bredon Hill, above Overbury, Wor- cefterfh. Nash. — NcarMadresfield, Worcefterfh. MuBallard. — Frequent in the neighbourhood of Worcefter. St. P. July. The tuberous pea-like roots, dried and reduced to powder, make a kind of bread, which, in times of fcarcity, is not to be defpifed. — Hogs are very fond of them. Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. Horfes refufe it. SP I RAs'A 5*9 XX. CHIVES, V. POINTALS. SPIRAL' A Ulma'ria. Leaves interruptedly winged. Leafits egg-Oraped, doubly ferrated, hoary underneath. Flowers in tufts. — Ludw. 23. — FI. dan. 547. — Blackw. 4.65; — Cluj. ii. 198. i, repr. inDod.57, Ger.em. 1043, cop. in Park. 5 92. 1, Pet. 71. 8, and H. ox. ix. 20. row 1. 1. figure the 3 d. — Ger. 886. — J. B. iii. 488. 2. Capfules twilled in a fpiral direction. Linn. — Stem angular, of- ten purple. Leaves downy and white underneath; fmaller leafits intermixed with the larger. Mr. Woodward. — Stem angular, reddifh. Leaves bright green above, white underneath, irregular- ly ferrated; the terminating leafit divided into 3 fegments. Leaf- flalks deeply channelled. Flowers yellowifh white. Empalement , fegments fometimes 4, after flowering bent back. Petals fome- times 4, concave, fixed to the empalement by a {lender claw. Threads longer than the bloflom. Tips yellow. Seed-buds 5 to 8. Shafts fhort, thick, crooked. Summits flatted knobs. Capfules 5 to 8, butmoftly6, twilled fpirally together. With. Meadowfweet. <%ueen of the Meadows. Moift meadows, and banks of rivers. P. June. July. The flowers, infufed in boiling water, give it a fine flavour, which rifes in diftillation. Sheep and Swine eat it. Goats are extremely fond of it. Cows and Horfes refufe it. SPHINX ocellata, and Filipendula,ittd on both fpecies. Linn. A Horfe eat the leaves and Item. They generally leave it in the fields, but are obferved occafionally to eat it; and Cows, I am informed, eat it when they have the yellows. St. common ■ Mm2 Order 520 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA Sweet-briar u \ Order V. POLYGYNIA; MANY POINT ALS. / 687. RO'S A. Rofe. Em pal. Cup 1 leaf. 'Tube diftended ; but narrow at the neck ; border globular ; with 5 divifions ; expanding ; fegments long ; fpear-fhaped ; narrow. Bloss. Petals 5 ; inverfely heart-fhaped ; as long as the cup, and fixed to its neck. Chives. Threads many,' hair-like; very fhovt ; fixed to the neck of the cup. Tips 3-edged, (4-edged. Mr. Dickenson.) Poii^t. Seed-buds numerous; at the bottom of the cup. Shafts as many as there are feed-buds ; clofely com- prefied by the neck of the cup ; fixed to the fide of the feed-bud. Summits blunt. S. Vess. Berry flefhy ; top-fhaped ; coloured; foft; of 1 cell ; crowned by imperfect fegments ; do fed at the neck ; formed by the tube of the cup. Seeds numerous ; oblong; hairy; adhering to the cup. Ess. Char. Petals 5. Empalemcnt pitcher-Jhaped ; with 5 clefts ; jtejhy ; contracted at the neck. Seeds many ; rough with hairs ; fixed to the inner fide of the empalemcnt . Obs. The empalement of the feed-vefTel gives it theappearance of a berry. Segments of the cup, 2 alternate ones fometimes with appendages on each fide, the other 2 alternate ones naked; fonre- times only the 5th fegment has appendages. R O' S A mbigino'fa. Seed-buds globular. Seed-buds and leaf-fialks prickly. Prickles bowed back. Leaves rufly underneath. Linn. — Rather befet underneath with glandular hairs. Lighte. St — Leafits egg-fhaped.HuDs. — Fruit either fmootli vr fightly prickled. Lightf. Jacq. f>. go. — Wale. — Dod. 186. 2, repr. in Gcr. em. 1269. 1, left hand fgiirc. — Gcr. 1087. 1. — Park. par. 419. 8, leaves' egg-fhaped. — (j. B. ii. a. 42, Jruit-jlalks folilary and too long.) Branches fmooth, hut with fcattered pretty large prickles. Leafits generally 7, egg-fhaped, pointed, fcattered over underneath with purplifh 521 XX. CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. purplifh refinous globules. Leaf-jlalk rough with hairs, and mi- nute prickles, and, as are the Jioral-leaves, befet with minute glands on pedicles. Seed-bud nearly globular, befet, efpecially at the bafe, with a few fmall prickles. Fruit-Jlalk with very minute prickles. Blojfoms purple. The R. Eglanteria differs- in growing taller, and having ftraight prickles, and blojfoms large, yellow, and fcent-lefs. Linn. — Stem with fcattered prickles. Leafits round- ifh, ferratures befet with glands. Fruit-jlalks rough with glandular hairs. DuRoi. — Leafits doubly ferrated, fmooth above, except a few fcattered hairs along the mid-rib, even in the newly expanded leaves, half doubled together, not fo full-fcented as thofe of the Garden Sweet-briar . Glands rufty-coloured or red. Its habit and mode of growth the fame with that of the garden fort.. In the Garden Sweet-briar the leaves befet above with very fhort hairs, oval- egg-fhaped, and not unfrequently oval; the glands yellowifh. They feem at leaft varieties. St. — Seed-buds egg-fhaped. Fruit black when ripe. Light f. — That of the Garden Sweet-briar { carlet, fome- times fmooth. St. — Seed-bud, prickles not numerous and chiefly on one fide. Leaver, the rufty appearance chiefly confined to the lower leaves. Their fweet feent feems to be owing to the glands. With. R. fuavifolia. L i g h t f . — R. eglanteria. Huds. Du Roi. Sweet-briar. Eglanteria. Hedges and heaths. [Hedges, Norfolk, but not frequent. Mr. Woodward. — Between Dudley and Tipton. Mr. Stokes. — In Mr. Terne’s garden, Worceller, from a gravel pit near Claines Church. St.] S. June. July. A Horfe refufed fome of the young fhoots, and even the leaves picked off of the garden lort, but they will fometimes eat the ten- der tops in the fpring. St. R O ' S A arvenjis. Seed-buds globular. Seed-buds and fruit-ftalks fmooth. Stem and leaf-ftalks prickly. Flowers in tufts. Linn. — In a kind of tuft. Huds. — Flowers in a kind of rundle. Leaves of the empale- ment entire. Shaft fmgle, compound, as long as the chives.* Flowers not unfrequently Jolitary. St. Wale.' — J. B. ii. 44. 1. — (FI. dan. 398, is R. fpinrfjjima , to which fpecies alfo it is referred by Linnaeus. Flowers folitary, and therefore not R. arvenfis, as Muller fuppofes it in his index to the FI. dan.) * Floribus fubumbellatis, calyce integro, ftyio unico, compofito ftamina aequante. St. corn M m g Flowers 522 ICOSANDRIA POLY GYNIA. Flowers on long fruit-ftalks, feveral together in a fort of rundle, fmaller. Fruit fmaller and rounder than that of the R. canina. Ray. St. — Stem fmoother; prickles not very frequent, hooked. Leafils fpear-fhaped, ferrated, fmooth, taper-pointed. Fruit-Jlalks befet with minute prickles, often in rundles. Seed-buds fomewhat globular. Leaf-fcales very pointed. Floral-leaves egg-fhaped. Em- palement fmooth ; fegments ftrap-fhaped, very narrow. Lyons. — Leaves limply ferrated. Fruit-Jlalks befet more or lefs with hairs ter- minated by globular heads, not fub-dividing as in a tuft, nor riling exadily from the fame point, fometimes folitary. Prickles bowed downwards. Blojfoms white. Shafts as foon as they have palled through the neck of the empalement, compacted into a cylinder refembiing a fingle fhaft, terminated by a knob compofed of the fummits. This circumftance will alone diftinguifh it from the other fpecies. Fruit globular, red. St. White-flowered Dogs Roje. Hedges and heaths. S. July, |3. Hods. — Wild Dog Rofe, with a lingle flower and fruit. Ra y. fyn. indie. Between Hackney and London, and Bifhop’s Wood. ib. burnet RO'SA fpinofiffima. Seed-buds globular, fmooth. Fruit-ftalks rough with ftrong hairs.* Stem and leaf-ftalks thick fet with prickles. Linn. — Leaves of the empalement entire, fl. fuec. Du Roi. St. — Fruit-ftalks with and with- out prickles. Linn. Fl. dan. 398, is the plant, but leaves egg-fhaped, and thorns too weak, and apparently flexible. — Ger. 1088, cop. in J. B. ii. 41. 1. — Park. 1018. 8. — Cluf. i. T 16. 1, repr. in Dod. 187, Ger. em. 1270. 3, and cop. in J. B. ii. 40. 2, leaves more ob- long than they are generally with us. — (Ger. em. 1270. 4, cop. in J. B. ii. 40. 1, has no thorns.) Stem, prickles awl-lhaped, ftraight, horizontal, very thickly fet, unequal. Leaflts 9, fmall, inverfely egg-fhaped. Leaf-ftalks without thorns. Fruit globular, black when ripe. Seed-buds often prickly at the bafe. Petals white, ycllowifh at the bafe. Haller conliders itas a variety of R.pimpincllifolia. Linn. — Branches round. Leaf-ftalks not prickly. Leaflts very lmall, roundifh, fitting. Leaf feales fma 1 1 , halberd-fhapcd, toothed. Mr. Woodward. — Blofs. white, or cream-coloured, fometimes red. Lightf. — prickles flat. With. * And yet Linnaeus cites Fl. dan, where the fruiMtelks are fmoothe Sr, Burnet XX. CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. Burnet Rofe. Pimpemell Rofe. Heaths and fandy places. [Hedges near Yarmouth, frequent. Mr. Woodward. — Perran Dowps, Cornwall. Mr. "Watt. — Hedges and ditch banks about Worcefler. St.] The ripe fruit is eaten by children ; it has a grateful fub-acid tafte. The juice of it, diluted with water, dyes filk and muflin of a peach-colour; and with the addition of alum a deep violet; but it has very little effect on woollen or linen. Cows, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. Horfes refufe it. jS. Bloffoms red, feriped with white. Sibbald. Lightf^ Ciphian Rofe. RO'SA villo'fa. Seed-buds globular. Seed-buds apple and fruit-flalks rough with hair. Prickles of the Hem fcattered. Leaf-ftalks prickly. Leaves downy. — J. B. ii. 38. 1. — Park. par. $ig. 7. Stem fmooth, 2 or 4 prickles near together below the knots. 'Leaves blunt. Petals red. Linn. — Fruit-Jlalks, feed-bud, leaf-Jlalks , edges of the leaf-fcales, and ferratures of the leafts befet with hairs of various lengths terminated by a gland. Leafts 6, with an odd one, egg-fpear-fhaped, more or lefs pointed. Petals longer than the empalement. Fndt not always hairy. Mr. Woodw. — Leaves doubly ferrated. St. — Leaves downy on both fides. Mountainous hedges and fhady places in the northern counties. [Grafs Wood, near Kilnfay, Yorklhire. Curt. — In the vallies of mountainous countries. In the Craven part of Yorkfhire. Mr. Wood. — Near Ulfwater, Cumberland. Mr. Woodw.] S. June. £. Huds. — Wild Briar or Dog Rofe with large prickly heps. Ray. Petals rather larger; leafts broader, fhorter and more pointed; and prickles more hooked than in the north country plant. No other obfervable difference. Mr. Woodward. — Stem wrinkled, not hairy or glandular. Leafts egg-fhaped, ferrated, land 2, but moftly 3 pair, downy on both furfaces. Fruit-flalks, floral-leaves , empalements, feed-buds, edges of the leaves, and leaf-flalks fet thick with globular glands fupported on longer, fhorter, finer, or coarfer hairs or briftles. Prickles a little hooked downwards, ra- ther fiat, not broad. Empalement as in R. canina. Chives yellow. Tips after fhedding their dufl brown. Leaves when rubbed have a faint agreeable feent. Wits. Hedges, common. Ray. Mr. Woodw. St. — Near London. Huds. RO'SA cani'na. Seed-buds egg-fhaped. Seed-buds dog and fruit-ftalks fmooth. Stem and leaf-ftalks prickly. M m 4 Linn. — 524 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.' Linn. — Empalement half-egg-fhaped, winged, woolly. Leaf-ftalks rather rough with hairs. Leafitsfharp-pointed, ferrated. Du Roi. Curt. v. 51, berries of too brown a red. — FI. dan. 555. — Blachw. 8. — Ludw. 70. — Park. 1017. 1. — J. B. ii. 43. 2. — Trag. 986. 2. — Ger. 1087. 2. — (Ger.em. 1270.3, is R. fpinofiffima.) Stem fmooth, with 2 alternate hooked prickles between each knot. Leaf-Jlalks with hooked prickles. Leaves fharpifh, bare of hairs on each fide. Floral-leaves 2, oppofite, fringed. Petals with 2 lobes, flefh-coloured. Linn. — Leafits 2 or 3 pair, with an odd one, pointed; ferratures terminated by minute purple glands. Leaf-Jlalks fheathing; edges befet with purple glands. Prickles broad, flat, bowed downwards. Empal. fegments 2, furnifhed with long teeth on both edges, 2 without, and the 5th with teeth on one edge. Petals red, fometimes nearly white; 1 lobe larger than the other. Threads yellowifh. Tips yellow, afterwards brown. With. Dogs Rofe. Hep Tree. Wild Briar. Hedges and Woods. S. June. A perfumed water.may be diftilled from the blofloms. The pulp of the berries, beat up with fugar, makes the conferve of hepps of the London Difpenfatory. Mixed with wine it is an acceptable treat in the north of Europe. Several birds feed upon the berries. The leaves of every fpecies of Rofe, but efpecially of this, are recommended in the Eph. nat. curiofor. as a fubftitute for tea, giving out a fine colour, a fub-aftringent tafte, and a grate- ful fmell, when dried, and infufed in boiling water. Cows, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. Horfes are not fond of it. It is a difficult matter to fay which are fpecies, and which are varieties only, in this genus; Linnaeus fcems to think that ther^ are no certain limits prefcribed by nature. The different fpecies nourifh the following infedfs : Phalwna Salicella , Pavonia, Libatrix, Retularia; Tenthredo Rofe, Cynojbad; Ichneumon Be degauris; Cicada Rofes; Aphis Rofes; Scarabesus auralus; Mitfca pellucens ; and thofe mofs-like prickly excrefcences, which are frequently found upon the branches of Rofes, efpecially upon the laft fpecies, are the habitations of the Cynips Rofce. This excrefcence was formerly in repute as a medicine, and was kept in the fhops under the name of Bedeguar. An infufion of the full blown blofloms of all the Rofes, efpecially the paler kinds, is purgative; hut the petals of the red Rofes, gathered before they expand, and dried, are aftringent. 688. RU'BUS. XX. CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. 525 688. RU'BUS. Bramble. Em pal. Cup i leaf; with 5 divifions ; fegments oblong ; expanding; permanent. B L oss. Petals 5 ; circular ; as long as the cup ; upright; but expanding ; fixed to the cup. Chives. ‘Threads numerous; fhorter than the petals; fixed to the cup. Tips roundifh ; compreffed. Point. Seed-buds numerous. Shafts fmall; hair-like; from the fides of the feed-buds. Summits fimple; permanent. S.Vess. Berry compofed of little granulations, colledted into a knob, which is convex above, and concave beneath. Each granulation hath 1 cell. Seeds folitary ; oblong. Receptacle of the leed-velfels conical. Ess. Char. Empalement with 5 clefts. Petals 5. Beny compofed of fingle-feeded granulations. Obs. In the R. faxatalis the granulations are diftincfc. * Slmbby. RU'BU S idce'us. Leaves, fome winged with 5 leafits, Rafpberry others 3-fingered. Stem prickly. Leaf-ftalks channelled. FI. dan. 788. — C/a/, i. 117, repr. in Dod. 743. 1, Lob. obf. 619. 2, Ger. em. 1272. 2, and cop. in J. B. ii. 59. 2. — • Trag . 973, cop. in Lonic. i. 41. 2. — Park. par. 559. 1. — Trag. 973. — Ger. 1089. t. — Matth. 1010. Stems upright, or (lightly bent back, green, 2 feet high, bienni- al, producing fruit the 2d year, after which they die down, thick fet with fmall prickles. Leaves ferrated, with a fhort white down underneath. Fruit-Jlalks rough with hair. Linn. — Blojfoms white. Berry red. Rafp-berry Bujh. Framboife. Hind-berry. Rafpis. Woods and hedges, rocky mountains, and moift fituations in Wales and the North of England. Stoken-church Woods. [Grafs Wood, near Kilnfay, Yorklhire. Curt. — Thorpe, near Norwich. Mr. Crowe.— Berkhamflead, Herts. Mr. Woopward, — Sides of rivulets. With. — Wayley Bridge, Chefhire; wood near Black-lake, between Birmingham and Wednefbury; and neigh- bourhood of Afton, near Birmingham. St.] S. May. June. The fruit is extremely grateful, as nature prefents it; but, made Into afwcetmeat, with fugar, or fermented with wine, the flavour is I ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA 526 is improved. It is fragrant, fub-acid, and cooling. It diffolves . the tartarous concretions of the teeth, but for this purpofe it is inferior to the Straw-berry. The white berries are fweeter than the red, but they are generally contaminated by infedls. The frefh • leaves are the favourite food of kids. • Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horfes refufe it. Linn.- — A Horfe eat it. St. It is fo plentiful about Kendal, that the berries are fometimes fold at id. a quart. Mr. W. Reynolds. Dew-berry RU'BUS cce'Jius. Leaves 3-fingered, almofi naked ; the lateral leafits with 2 lobes. Stem prickly, cylindri- cal. Linn. — Bunches with few flowers. Si\ Mr. W oodw.* Dod. 742. 2. — (Park. 1014. 2, feems tobe variety 2 ,andGer. 1089. 2, cop. in J. B. ii. a. 59. 1, is R. fruticojus.j Stem, prickles very fine, fcattered, fmall, bowed back, inter- fperfed between the rough points, 3 feet long, purplifh, branched, with pendant flioots at the top. Leaves green, not cottony, tho’ often downy underneath, ferrated; the middle leafit egg-fhaped, the lateral ones with generally 2 lobes. Linn. — .Stem pro lira te, not fo much branched. Leaves more deeply cut, fomewhat hairy underneath. Fruit-Jlalks round, downy, long, with from 1 to 3 flowers, fometimes prickly. Fruit compofed of fewer and larger , granulations from 1 to 5. Hall. Mr. Woodward. — Runners, in open fituations lying near the ground, but not running to the length they do in clofe woods. Mr. Woodward. — Blojjoms white. Fruit bluifh black. -Dew-berry Bujh. Woods and hedges, [and balks of corn fields. Mr. Woodw.] S. June. July. The berries are pleafant to eat, and, put into red wine, com- municate a fine flavour. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Horfes refufe it. greater 2 .major. Leaves 3-fingered and 5-fingered. Mr. Woodyv. St. Blackw. 45. 1. — Park. 1014. 2, but the fruit on the left hand fide is that of R. fruticofus. Stems roundilh; when growing in hedges frequently ftronger and larger than the R. fruticofus, but in ditches not larger than R. cofius », and throwing out creeping runners; prickles fmaller than thofe of R. fruticofus, (lightly bent, but not hooked. Leaves bright green above, beneath pale and (lightly hairy, but never downy; the * Racemis paucifloris. St. D. Woodward. XX. CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. the odd leafit largeft, on a long leaf-ftalk, and, in the 5-fingercd ones the 2d pair on very Short leaf-ftalks, egg-fpear-flraped, pointed, broad at the bafe, and fometimes flightly heart-fhaped, cut-fer- rated, and more deeply and irregularly jagged than in R.fruticofus ; in the 3-fingered ones the lateral leafits lobed. Fruit-Jialks round ifh. Flou-ers fmaller, and later than thofe of the R.fruticofus, often abortive. Fruit with few and large granulations, and, when ripe, covered with a bloom; very frequently abortive. Dill, in R. Jyn. 46 7, feems to have been clear that there were 2 forts of Great Bramble, but he has not well ascertained their differences. Mr. Woodward. Hedges, Norf. generally intermixed with R.fruticofus. Messrs. Pjtchford and Woodward. RU'BUS frutico'J'us. Leaves 5-fingered, and 3-fin- gered. Stem and leaf-ftalks prickly. Linn. — Bunches oblonsr. St. Mr. Woodward.* O Mill. ill. — Sclmied. 2. — Blackw. 45. 7. — Mattk. ioog, imitated in Dod.j 42. 1, which repr. in Lcb.obf.61g. \, ic. ii. 21 1. 2, Ger. em. 1272. 1, and cop. in Park. 1013. — Fuchf. 152. — Trag. 970. — Ger. 1089. 2, cop. in J. B. ii. 59. 1. — Louie, i. 41. 1. Stem angular, very long, with runners often Several times theheight of a man in length, Spreading and climbing far and wide, and fometimes ftriking root; prickles alternate, ftrong, bowed back. Leaves Sharply and unequally Serrated, either green on both fides, or white and cottony underneath; the middlemoft leaf largeft, heart-fhaped, on a leaf-ftalk, the reft fitting, the lowermoft very Small, pointing backwards. Linn. — Leaves, the lower 5-fingered, the upper 3-fingered, and fometimes Simple or with 2 or 3 lobes. Petals flaccid, white, or purplifh. Granulations about 50. Hall. St. — Stems ahvay angular; prickles always ftrong and hooked. Leafts ufually elliptical, fometimes oval-lpear-fhaped, Serrated, dark green above, white with a clofe down underneath, fome- times, though rarely, only hairy, and then pale green; the mid- dlemoft on a long leaf-ftalk, the next pair on fhort leaf-ftalks, the lower on fhorter leaf-ftalks, and fometimes, though rarely, fitting. Mr. Woodward. — Empal. Segments cottony. With. — fruit, firft red, but black when ripe. 0. Fruit white. Bark and leaves of a pleafant green. Hedge near Oxford. Bobart in R. Jyn. 467. 2. 527 common * Racemis oblongis, St, D, Woodward. 3. Leaves 523 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 3. Leaves fmooth underneath. Dill. — Leaves pale green, and only flightly hairy underneath. Mr. Woodward. St. Rubus qtdnquefdus fubtus glaber. Dill, in R. fyn. 467. (St.) 4. Leaves flightly variegated. Found a plant with fome of the leaves with yellowifh white blotches growing wild. St. Bramble. Black-berry Bujli. Bumble kites. Hedges and woods. S. June. — Sept. The berries, when ripe, are black, and do not eat amifs with wine. The green twigs are of great ufe in dying woollen, filk, and mohair, black. Cows and Horfes eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Linn. Three Horfes refufed it. Silk-worms will fometimes feed upon the leaves in defed of thofe of the mulberry. St. * * Herbaceous. Jlone RU'BUS faxat'ilis. Leaves 3-fingered, bare. Wires creeping, herbaceous. Linn. — Lower-leaves fometimes 5- fngered. Dr. J. E. Smith. FI. dan. 134. — Cluf. i. 1 18. 1, repr. in Cer. em. 1273. 4, and cop. in Ger. 1090. 3, and Park. 1014. 4. — J. B. ii. 61. Wires thread-fhaped, very long, dying down at the end of the year, rough with hairs, and often befet with weak thorns. Gra- nulations of the berries diftind. Linn. — Leafits generally 1 on a leaf-ftalk, and the reft fitting, fometimes all on fruit-ftalks, fome- times all fitting; cut-ferrated , pale green, flightly hairy under- neath. Fruit compofed of a few large granulations, when ripe of a beautiful clear pink, and a pleafant fub-acid flavour. Blojfoms purple or white. Mr. Woodward. Amongft ftones on the fides of mountains in Yorkfhire, Cum- berland, and Weftmoreland. [Llyn y Cwn, near Snowdon-. Penn. Wales. — Woods about Settle and Ingleton, and not far from the fummit of Helsfelnab, near Kendal. Curt. — Helk’s Wood, by Ingleton, Yorkfhire. Hills oppofite Matlock Bath. Mr. Woodward. — In Dob Bottom, a deep, woody, rocky dell, oppofite the Holme, near Burnley, Lancafh. Mr. Wo o d .] P. June. The berries are not very good, but children eat them. Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. Horfes refufe it. Cloud-berry RU'BUS Chainamo'rus Leaves fimple, lobed. Stem without prickles, with 1 flower. — FI. dan. 1. — FI. lapp. 5. 1. — Light/. 13. at p. 266. — Park. 1014. 7. — Cluf. i. 1 18. 2,* repr. in Ger. em. 1273. 4, and cop. at Ger . * 111 done if the plant. Linn. St. XX. CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. Ger. 1090. 4, Park. 1014. 6, and J. B. ii. 62. — Ger. 1368, repr. in Ger. cm. 1420. Chives and puintals on different plants, but Dt.Solander difeo- vered the roots of the 2 plants to be united under ground. Linn. $tem hardly a foot high. Blojfoms white, or purple. Berries red. Chamcemorus cambro-britannica, five lancajlrenfe Vaccinium nubis. Park 1015. — Vaccinia nubis. Ger. 1368, and em. 1420. (St.) Cloud-berries. Knot-berries. Knout-berries. Peat bogs on the fides of the mountains of Yorkfhire, Weftmor- land, Cumberland, Lancafhire, and Caernarvonfhire. [Sides of the higheft mountains about Settle and Ingleton. Curt. — Ingle- borough, Yorkfhire Mr. Woodward. St.] P. May. June. The berries are not unpleafant, and held to be an excellent anti- fcorbutic. The Norwegians pack them up in wooden veffels and fend them to Stockholm, where they are ferved up in deferts, or made into tarts. The Laplanders bury ‘them under the fnow, and thus preferve them frefh from one year to another. They bruife and eat them with the milk of the Rein Deer. In the Highlands of Scotland alfo they are fometimes brought to table with the defert. Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. The PAP1LI0 Rubi, PH A L /ENA pavonia , Rubi, Fafcclina, and Sambucaria, are nourifhed by the different fpecies. 68 g. FRAGA'RIA. Straw-berry. E.mpal. Cup 1 leaf; fiat; with 10 (hallow clefts. Seg- ments alternately narrower ; the narrow ones placed without the reft. Bloss. Petals 5 ; circular; expanding; fixed to the cup. Chives. Threads 20 ; awl-fhaped ; fhorter than the blofs. fixed to the cup. Tips crefcent-fhaped. Point. Seed-buds numerous ; very fmall ; forming a knob. Shafts fimple ; from the fides of the feed-buds. Sum- mits fimple. S. Vess. none. Receptacle of the feeds a fort of berry ; glo^ bular-egg-fhaped ; pulpy ; foft ; large ; coloured ; lopped at the bafe ; deciduous. Seeds numerous ; very fmall ; tapering; fcattered on the furface of the receptacle. Ess. Char. Empal. clefts 10. Petals 5. Receptacle of the feeds egg-fhaped ; like a berry ; falling off. FRAGA'RIA vef'ca , Wires creeping. — Blackw. 529 common 53° ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Blackw. 77. i. — Ludw. 136. — Sheldr. 3. 6, fruit. — Dod. C72. 2, repr. in Ger. em. ggy. 1, and cop. in H. ox. ii. 19. row 1. 1 . f. 2, and Pet. 40. y.—Fuchf. 853, cop. in J. B. ii. 395. 3.— Trag. goo.—Lonic. i. 215. 1. — ( Sheldr . 3. 1 to 5, and 7, leaf, fruit, and fower. — Mattk. 1021. — Dod. 672. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 396. 1, Ger. em. 997. 2, and cop. in Park. 758. — Ger. 844. 1 and 2. — H. ox. ii. 19. row 1. 1. f. 1, feem to be garden varieties.) When growing in woods the fegments of the empalement cut at the point. Reich. — Leafts oval-fpear-fhaped, acutely ferrated. Mr. Woodward. — Wires long, flender, fmooth, often tinged with purple. Leaf-Jlalks woolly. Leaves, leafits 3, egg-fhaped, ferrated. Fruit- -Jtalks with 2 or more flowers. Lips falling off, nearly heart-fhaped. Bloffoms white. Fruit red. With. Wood Straw-berry. The berries, either eaten alone, or with fugar, or with milk, are univerfally efteemed a moft delicious fruit. They are grateful, cooling, fub-acid, juicy, and have a delightful fmell. Taken in large quantities they feldom difagree. They promote perfpiration, impart a violet fcent to the urine, and diflolve the tartarous in- cruftations upon the teeth. People afflidted with the gout or ftone have found great relief by ufing them largely; and Hoffman fays, he has known confumptive people cured by them. The bark of the root is aftringent. Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. The Cicada .Spzman'a(Cuckow-fpit) is very frequently found upon the leaves, and the Coccus Polonicus upon the roots, rough /S. Huds. Fruit harfh, rough, and prickly, greenifh, with fome fhew of rednefs. Bloffoms greenifh. Ger. em. Hyde Park; Hampflead Wood. Merret. y. Huds. Fruit of the fize of a fmall plumb. Fruit white. Huds. With. barren FRAGA'RIA fer'ilis . Stem drooping. Flowering branches limber. — Curt. iii. 29. — Vaill. 10. 1. — Lob. ic. i. 698, repr. in Ger. em. 998, and cop. in Pet. 40. 8. — J. B. ii. 395. — H. ox. ii. ig. 5. Suckers thick, deprefled, covered with fpear-fhaped props of the colour of rufty iron. Leaves growing by threes, inverfely egg- fhaped, ferrated, flexible, hairy, white underneath. Leaf-Jlalks very hairy. Flowering-Jlems thread-fhaped, with a few fmall leaves. Flowers folitary, white, on fruit-ftalks. Linn. — It has the leaves of a Fragaria, but in' its frudlification it has a greater affinity with Polen- f the fun. The Edinburgh College directs an extraA to be pre- j spared from the heads, i. e. the feed-veffels. This extradl is fup- | jpofed to be milder in its effeAs than the foreign Opium, but it re- I quires double the quantity fora dofe. A fyrup, made with a de- | roAion of the heads, is kept in the drops, under the name of II IDiacodion. The feeds are fometimes ufed to make emulfions, j but they have nothing of the narcotic virtues of the other parts of I ihe plant. PAPA'VER eam'bricum. Capfules fmooth, oblong, yellow I Stem with many flowers, fmooth. Leaves winged, jagged. Dill. elth. 223. 290. — Park. 369. 4, cop. in H. ox. iii. 14. 12, and Pet. 52. 4. Summits 5 or 6, diftinA. Capfules oblong, narrower below, with N a kind of beak at the end. Linn. — Leaves winged, nearly fmooth; I root-leaves on very long hairy leaf-ftalks; wings 2 or 3 pair, oval- I jTpear-fhaped, deeply cut, almoft lobed, the terminating one with 1 3 lobes; Jlem-leaves on fhort fruit-ftalks, the upper fitting. Fruit- 'tialks fiightly hairy, with 1 flower. Petals egg-flraped, pale yellow, I fcored towards the bafe. Mr. Woodward. Mountains of Wales, and about Kendal. [By the Ferry-houfe an Winander Mere, Weftmoreland, and near Holkeiy Lanca- I ."hire. Mr. Woodward.] P. June.— Aug. O 03 709. NYMPHkE'A, 554 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA 709. NYMPHiE'A. Water-can.* Empal. Cup beneath ; leaves 4; large; coloured on the upper furface ; permanent. Bloss. Petals numerous ; often 15 ; fixed to the fide of the feed-bud ; in more than 1 row. Chives. Threads numerous ; often 70 ; fiat; crooked; blunt; fhort. 'Tips oblong; fixed to the borders of the threads. Point. Seed-bud e gg-fhaped ; large. Shaft none. Summit circular; flat; central; fitting; marked with rays ; fcolloped at the edge ; permanent. S.Vess. Berry hard; egg-fhaped ; flefhy ; rough; nar-^ row at the neck ; crowned at the top ; with many cells, 10 to 15, filled with pulp. Seeds many; roundifh. Ess. Char. Blojfom of many petals. Empal. leaves 4 or 5. Berry lopped; cells many. yellow NYMPH^E'A In' tea. Leaves heart -fhaped, very entire. Empalement of 5 leaves, larger. — FI. dan. 603, flower and fruit. — Blackw. 497. a and b, and 499. 1. — Lonic. i. 177. 2. — Fuchf. 536, cop. in Trag. 697, and J. B. iii. 771. — Matth. 894. — Cluf. ii. 77. 2, repr. in Dod. 585. 2, Lob. obf. 324. 2, ic. i. 594. 2, Ger. em. 8ig. 2, and cop. in Park. 1252. 5, andPet. 71.3. — Ger. 672. 2. Empal. leaves roundifh. Petals very fmali. Linn. — Leaf-Jlalks 3- fquare. Fruit-Jlalks round. Petals thick in the middle, fcored, wrinkled. Chives bowed back. Berry pitcher-fhaped. Leaves of the empalement larger than the petals. Relh. — Leaves heart-lhaped, with an oval outline. Petals much fhorter than the empalement. Mr. Woodward. — Empal. leaves roundifh-oblong. St. — Leaves egg-fhaped, with a deep notch at the bafe. Empal. leaves yellow, except at the bafe on the outfide where they are green. Petab Helhy, yellow. Chives after fhedding their duft, bent back. Seed - veffel, cells often more than 15. Flowers on long fruit-ftalks. With. Yellow Water Lily. Slow rivers, pools, and ditches. [River Avon, at Perlhore, Worcellerlh. Mr. Ballard. Mr. Wald. Hill.] P. July. Aug. 1 * Water Lily is contrary to Linnaeus’s rules for the conftrudion of generic names. St. The n 555 MANY CHIVES, I. POINTAL. The roots, rubbed with miJlc, deftroy Crickets and Cockroaches. Swine eat it. Goats are not fqnd of it. Cows, Sheep, and Horfes refufe it. Linn. An infufion of a pound of the freih root, to a gallon of water, taken in the dofe of a pint, night and morning, cured a leprous eruption of the arm. With. NYMPHiE'A al'ba. Leaves heart-fhaped, very white entire. Empal. clefts 4. FI. dan. 602, flower and flruit. — Blackw. 498. a and b, and 499. — Fuchf. 535, cop. in Trag. 696, and J. B. iii. 770. — 6 met. iv. 71. — Mattk. 893. — Ger. 672. 1. — UuJ. ii. 77. 1 ,repr. in Dod. 585. 1, Lob. obj. 324. 1, ic. i. 595. 1, Ger. em. 819. 1, and cop. in Park. 1251. 1, and Pet. 71. 1. Petals in feveral rows, refembling a double flower. The flower opens about 7 in the morning; clofes about 4 in the afternoon, and then lies down upon the iurface of the water. Linn. — Leaf- Jlalks and fruit-flalks round, within full of pores, 4 of which are generally larger than the reft; hairs interwoven between. Empal. leaves fmaller than the outer petals. Chives nearly upright. Berry lopped. Relhan. — Summits 17 or 18, placed in a circle, and correlponding with as many cells in the feed-bud. St .Bot.Arr. ed. i. — Petals white. Chives fixed to the fide of the feed-bud. Tips bowed. Seed-bud roundifh, at the top concave, and marked with rays equal to the number of fummits on the edge. Summits ihort, blunt, fomewhat bowed in. Berry roundilh, full of leeds. Seeds oblong. St. — Petals as long or longer than the empalement. Leaves heart-lhaped, with a roundilh outline. Mr. Woodward. White Water Lily. Water THALIC'TRUM alpi'num. Stem very fimple, mountain almoft bare. Bunch fimple, terminating. — FI. dan. 11. — Lighf. 13. i.atp. 166. — Pet. 71. 12. — H. ox. ix. 7. 14. — Boerh. bid. alt. at p. 44. A delicate little plant. Leaves lcarcely a fpan high. Petals 4. Chives 12. Pointals 8. Flowers on crooked fruit-ftalks. Blojfoms brown. Linn. , Moift rocks, and on the (ides of alpine rivulets. Caernarvonfh. and Scotland. P. June. V THALIC'TRUM mi'nus. Leaves with 6 divifions. lejfer Blowers on crooked fruit-ftaiks. Linn. — Segments of the leaves from. 3 to 7. St. facq.ji. v. 4ig. — FI. dan. 732. — Seguier i. 11. — Dod. 58. 2, repr.in Lob. obf. 508. 2, ic. ii. 56. 2, Ger. em. 1251. 2, and cop. in Park. 264. 5, H. ox. ix. 20. 12, and Pet. 71. 10. — Ger. 1067. 2. — J. B. iii. 487. 3. — pet. 71. 11. — (Ft. dan. 244, is T. fimplex.J Diftinguiffiable by the purpliffi points of the leaves, and a bluifh bloom on the Jlem. One of the early flowering fpecies. Linn. — Leaf Is broad and blunt, generally with 3 and fometimes 4 clefts at the extremity; the upper fometimes oval-fpear-ffiaped and en- tire. Panicle branched, with a few fcattered flowers, atfirft nod- ding, afterwards upright. Mr. Woodward. Moift mountainous meadows. Chalky grounds about Newmar- ket. Ray. [Mr. Woodw.] — Linton, and borders of Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeffiire, and mountains in Malham and Settle, Yorkfhire. Ray. — Chedder Cliffs, Somerfetffiire. Huds. [Mr. Ford.] — In the North, and in Caernarvonffiire. Huds. — Glod- daeth, Caernarvonffiire. Penn. Wales. — [Marham, Norf. Mr. Crowe. — Skirreth Wood, near Ingleton, and about Kilnfay, Yorkfhire. Curt.] P. July. Aug. Huds. Leaves broader. Fiffures of rocks on the precipices of Caderidris, but on being cul- tivated in a garden proved to be identically the fame with a. Ray. > t ' ’ * THALIC'TRUM fla'vum. Stem leafy, furrowed, meadow Panicle with many divifions, upright. — Morif. umb. 12. 2, cop. in H. ox. 20. row 2. 1. — Dod. 58. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 508. 3, ic. ii. 56. 1, Ger. em. 1251. x, and P p 3 cop. 570 POLYANDRIA POLY GYNIA. cop. in Park. 264. 1, and Pet. 71. 9. — Ger. 1067. 1. — J. B. iii. 486. Root a full yellow. Petals 4. Chives 24. Poinlals 10 to 16. Linn. — Stem upright, a cubit to 2 feet high, fcored. Leaves yellowifh green above, pale green underneath, ribbed. Panicle terminating, fhort, clofe, yellowifh. Relh. — Leafits, the lower irregular, fome- times wedge-fhaped, with 3 clefts; fometimes oval, entire, with a fort of lobe oil one fide; the upper fpear-fhaped, entire, or with 3 clefts. Floivers numerous, clofe and thick. Blojfoms whitifh. Mr. Woodward. > Meadow Rue. Moift meadows, paftures, hnd banks of rivers. P.June. A cataplafm, made of the leaves, has been knownto give relief in the Sciatica. The root dyes wool yellow. Cows, Horfes, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Swine are not fond of it. Linn. — A Horfe refufed it ; but, on offering it again, eat fome of it. St. narrowleaved 2. Lobes of the leaves narrower, and more wrinkled. Lightf. H. ox. ix. 20. 3. 756. ADO'NIS. Pheafant-eye. ✓ \ m Em p a l . Cup 5 leaves ; blunt ; concave ; a little coloured ; deciduous. Bloss. Petals 5 to 15; oblong; blunt; fhining. Chives. “Threads many ; very fhort ; awl-fhaped. Tips oblong ; bent inwards. Point. Seed-buds numerous; forming a knob. Shafts none. Summits fharp •, reflefted. S.Vess. none. Receptacle oblong ; fpiked. Seeds numerous ; irregular; angular; without awns; hunched at the bale ; bent back at the point with a fmall proje&ion. Ess. Char. Empal. leaves 5. Petals more than 5 ; with- out honey-cups. Seeds naked. Obs. Rather 5 to 15 as in the Gen. PI. — ■A.eefiivalis has only 5. St. autumnal ADO'NIS autumna'lis. Petals 8. Fruit nearly cylindrical. Linn. — Petals J'eldcm more, oftener fewer . Curt . Curt. 11. 23. — Cluj. i. 336/1, repr. in Dod. 260. 3, Lob. obf. 150. 1, ic. i. 283. 2, Ger. cm. 387, and Pet. 39. 8. — J. B. iii. a. 126. 1 and 2. — Ger. 310. 1. — Park. par. 291. 5. Floxeers 'MANY CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. 57 Flowers blackifh purple. Plant with 1 flower'. Branches barren. Petals fcarlet, Linn. Adonis Flower. Red Maithes. Red Morocco. Corn fields. In the counties round London. Curt. A. June. July. Its beautiful fcarlet blolToms have gained it admittance into our gardens. 757. RANUN'CULUS. Crow-foot, Empal. Cup 5 leaves; egg-fhaped; concave; a little co- loured; deciduous. % Bloss. Petals 5 ; blunt; fhining; with fmall claws. Ho- ney-cup a little cavity, juft above the claw of each petal. t Chives. 'Threads many; nearly half as long as the petals. Pips upright ; oblong ; blunt ; double. Point. Seed-buds numerous; forming a knob. Shafts none. Summits reflected ; very fmall. S. Vess. none. Receptacle connecting the feeds by very (hort foot-ftalks. ( Seeds many; irregular; crooked at the point ; figure various. Ess. Char. Empal. leaves 5. Petals 5 ; with a pore con- taining honey on the injide of the claws. Seeds naked. Ojs. The effential character of this genus confifts in tire honey- cup; the other parts of the flower are inconftant. This honey-cup is in fome fpecies a naked pore; in others, encompalTed by a cy- lindrical border; and, in others again, doled by a lcale which is notched at the end. In the R. fcaria, the cup has 3 leaves, and the blofloms more than 5 petals. The R. hederaceus has only 5 chives; and the R. fceleratus an awl-lhaped receptacle, and the x fruit in a fpike..In fome fpecies the feeds are roundilh, in others dcpreffed; fometimes they are befet with prickles like a hedge-hog; and fometimes they are but few in number. * Leaves undivided. RANUN'CULUS Flam'mula. Leaves eggrfpear- long-leaved fhaped, on leaf-ftalks. Stem declining. — FI. dan. 575. — Dod. 432. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 382. 2, ic. i. 670. 1, Ger. em. 961. 2, and abridged in H. ox. iv. 29. 34. — Park. 1215. 2. — Ger. 814. 2. P p 4 Chives 572 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.' Chives 30 to 40. Relhan. — Stem flightly hairy. Leaves alternate, frequently ferrated upwards with fhallow diftant ferratures, flight- hairy. Leaf-ftalks long, fcored, with membranaceous edges, em- bracing the Item. Mr. Woodw. — Leaves generally imperfedlly toothed. St. — -Leaves fometimes toothed. Leaf-Jlalks rather a dou- bling of the leaves. With. < Q. Leaves ferrated. C. B. Dod. 432. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 382. 3, ic. i. G70. 2, Ger. em. 962. 3, cop , in Pet. 39. 6, and abridged in H. ox. iv. 29. 35. — J. B. iii. 864. 3. — Ger. 814.3. — Park. 1215. 3. Blojoms deep yellow. LeJJer Spearwort. Bogs; boggy meadows and fides of rivulets. P. June. July, [to Sept. With.] It is very acrid. Applied externally it inflames and blifters the {kin. Horfes eat it. Cows, Sheep, Goats, and Swine refufe it. y. Huds. Leaves broad, hairy at the edge. From Ireland. Pluk. narrowleaved R AN U N'C U L U S rep'tans. Leaves ftrap-fhaped. Stem creeping. — Lightf. i. frontifpiece. — FI. dan. 108. — Amman. 13. 1. — FI. lapp. 3- 5- I am almoft certain that it is merely a variety of R. Flammula , having obferved a feries of gradations between the two. Hall. Mr. Woodward.— It approaches very near to fome Rates of R. Flammula. Lightf. — Stem {lender., Leaves 1 to 4 at each joint, upright. Flowers folitary, terminating, or at the joints, fmall, yellow. Mr. Woodward. Sides of lakes, rare. Weft end of Loch Laver. [Stony mar- gin of Cornifton Water, Lancafh. Mr. Woodw] P. July. Aug. SpearwDrt RANUN’CULUS Lin'gua. Leaves fpear-fhaped. ' Stem upright. — FI. dan. 755. — Ger. 814. 1, cop. in Gcr.em. 961. 1, Park. 1215. 1, H. ox. iv. 29. 33, and Pet. 39. 5. — J. B. iii. 865. Stem branching, leafy, often if foot high. Leaves fomevvhat toothed, rough with fhort hairs prefled to. Fruit-Jlalks with 1 flower, oppofite the leaves. Linn. — Stem often 3 feet high. Relh. — Stem hairy. Leaves alternate, pointed. Leaf-Jlalks fhort, em- bracing the Item. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves larger than thofe of R. Flammula. Blojfoms deep yellow. With. Great Spearwort. Wet 573 MANY CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. Wet paftures and fides of lakes. Bogs on Iver Heath, near Uxbridge. Between Rotherhithe and Deptford. [Bogs on Mal- vern Chace, Worcefterlhire. Mr. Ballard. — Kinefon Pool, near Stafford. St.] P. June. July. RANUN'CULUS Fica'ria. . Leaves heart-fhaped, Pdewort ' angular, on leaf-ftalks. Stem with i flower. — O 7 Ficaria verna. Huds. which fee. * * Leaves dijfefted and divided. RANUN'CULUS aurico'mus. Root-leaves kid- wood ney-thaped, fcoiloped, cut. Stem-leaves fingered, ftrap- fflaped. Stem with many flowers. Linn. — Root-leaves fomevvhat kidney-fkaped, with 3- divifions, Jharply fcoiloped. Curt. Curt. ii. 16. — Fuchf. 156, cop. in Trag. 97, J. B. iii. 857. 3, t Lcnic. i. 162. 2. — FI. dan. 665. — Lob. ic. 669. 2, repr. in Ger. 954- !■> and cop. in Park. 326. 7, Pet. 38. 2, and H. ox. iv. 28. 15. — Pet. 38. 6. — Ger. 807. 8, ( and not 7.)' Root-leaf heart-fhaped. Stem-leaves, the lower bird-footed, on leaf-ftalks, broader, blunt; the upper fingered, fitting, oppofite, embracing the ftem. Stem forked, or 3-forked. Empalement united at the bafe, fcarce perceptibly woolly. Petals during the feafon for the leafing of trees wanting, in the feafon of the flowering of trees 2 or 3, in the feafon of fruiting 5, whence it may be eafily taken for a- different plant. Linn. — Honey-cup a lmall oblique hole at the bottom of the petals not covered by any fcale. Curt. — Empalement yellow. Bloffoms yellow. With. Sweet Wood Crowfoot. Goldilocks. Woods, groves, and hedges, [in a clayey foil. Mr. Woonw^ St.] P. April. May. Goats and Cows eat it. Horfes and Sheep refufe it: i RANUN'CULUS fcelera'tus. Lower-leaves hand- celery-leaved fhaped, the upper fingered. Fruit oblong. — • Curt. ii. 17. — -FI. dan. 571. — Fuchj. 159, cop. in Trag. 93, J. B. iii. 858. 1, and Lonic. i. 163. 2. — Dod. 426. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 382. 1, ic. i. 669. 1, Ger. em. 962. 4, and cop. in Park. 1215. 6, Pet. 38. 11, and H. ox. iv. 2g. 27 and 28. — Matlh. 610. Plant nearly fmooth. Stem cylindrical, fcored, hollow, very much branched. Leaves, the lower on long leaf-ftalks, hand-fhaped, with 5 clefts, fegments blunt, with 3 clefts; the upper with 3 clefts, the lateral fegments cloven, the middle one, as alfo its fegments, I 574 POLYANDRIA POLY GYNIA. ' • A ; I fegments, with 3 clefts; the uppermojl fingered, nearly fitting, feg- ments almoft entire. Leaf-Jlalks membranaceous at the bafe, half embracing the ftem. Fruil-Jtalks furrowed, oppoiite the leaves. Honey-cup above the claw of the petal. Receptacle oblong. Lyons. — Root -leaves kidney -fhaped, lobed, on long leaf-flalks. Petals fmall. Receptacle egg-fhaped. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves fmooth, with 3 or q deep divilions; fegments fpear-fhaped, more or lefs jagged. .Stem fmooth. plant biting. Threads more than £ as long as the petals. Fruit conical. With. Round- leaved Water Croivfoot. Shallow waters. A. May. June. The whole plant is very corrofive; and beggars are laid to ufe it to ulcerate their feet, which they expofe in that ftate, to excite compaffion. Goats eat it. Cows, Horfes, and Sheep refufe it. bulbous RANUN'CULUS bulbo'fus. Empalements bent back. Fruit-ftalks furrowed. Stem upright, with many flowers. Leaves compound. — Mill. ill. — Curt. i. 7. — Wale. — Fl. dan. 551. — Dcd. 431. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 380. 3, ic.i. 667. 1, Ger. 953. 6, and cop. in Park. 329. 5, Pet. 38. 4. — Fuchf. 160, cop. in J. B. iii. 417. 4. — Ger. 806. 6. — Matth. 614. Poof globular, fibrous at the bafe. Stems a foot high, upright, bare at the bafe, towards the top lealy, ‘ and branched ; cylindrical, hollow, with hairs prelfed to. Root-leaves on long leaf-flalks, 3^ fold, hairy; the terminating leafit with 3 lobes; lobes with gene- rally 3 clefts, toothed; the lateral leafits fitting, oppofite with 3 oblique lobes. Stem-leaves, the uppermofl fingered ; leafits with 2 or 3 clefts, wedge-fhaped ; or fimple, flrap-fpear-fhaped, nearly fitting. Leaf-Jlalks broader at the bafe, half embracing the flem. Fruit-Jlalks with 1 flower. Floxver yellow. Empalement hairy. Petals inverfely heart-fhaped. Honey-cup inverfely heart -lira ped, minute. Lyons. — Empalement at the bottom thin andfomewhattranfparent. Stem never throwing out fuckers. Curt. — Upper-leaves, divilions flrap-fhaped. Bulb formed above the bulb of laft year. When, it comes into flower, the old one, in a dry foil, may be found in a ftate of decay under the new one, and furroundeebby the fibres, but without the leaft appearance of fuckers proceeding from either of them. In a turf containing 6 plants the roots were all diftimft, excepting one, which appeared, from its lize, to be a feedling, with the old bulbs at the bottom. Petals bright yellow. Mr. Woo dward. — Chives about 80. Plant more or lefs hairy. Roots bulbous. Blojfoms pale yellow. With. Butter MANY CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. 57 Butter Flower. Butter Cups. Gold Cup. Meadows and paftures. \ Cows and Hories have a great averfion to it. RANUN'CULUS hirfu'tus. Root fibrous, annual, pal^-leaved ■:Stem hairy. Empalements bent back, taper-pointed, •with hairs riling from minuteprominencies.CuRT. Relh. Mr. Woodward. St. Curt. ii. 15. — J. B. iii. 417. 3. , Stem more branched and fpreading; hairs ftiffer and longer than in R. bulbofus. Leaf-Jlalks of the lower leaves hollow, and if cut afunder, the nerves appear projecting into the infide of the tube. Leaves, lobes 3 more1 diflinht, the middle and outermoft rounder and lefs deeply divided at the edges, the fide ones with a portion as if cut out from the inner edge; frequently with irregu- lar pale or w’hitifh fpots, and the upper furface befet with project- ing points, from which the hairs arile. Flowers more numerous, fmaiier, and feeds fmaller than in R. bulbofus. Curt. — Root, fibres long, thick, white. Stem, hairs expanding. Leaves yellowifh green, hairy. Root-leaves kidney-fhaped, fcolloped, entire, or 3- fold; the middle leafit on a leaf-flalk, with 3 lobes; the fide leahts fitting, each with 2 lobes. Stem-leaves fimilar, more deeply di- vided, and fegments more pointed; the upper legments ftrap-fpear- fhaped. Flowers brimftone-coloured. Mr. Woodward. Ranunculus bulbofus. Hu us. Moift clayey places, where water has flood during the winter. Salt marfhes near Gravefend. Ra y. — Various places about London; * fide of the road between Croydon and Mitcham ; and plentifully by thefea fide on the gravelly banks about Southampton. Curt. — Road tides, rubbifh, &c. Cambridgefhire. Relh. — [Amongfl corn in a clayey foil, and on new made banks of fait marfhes, Yarmouth. Mr . Woodward.] , A. June. — Sept. RANUN'CULUS refens. Empalements open, creeping Fruit-ftalks furrowed. Suckers creeping. Leaves com- pound.— Curt. iv. 39. — Blackw. 31. 1. — FI. dan. 795. — Dod. 425, repr. in Lob. obf.~37Q. 1, ic. i. 664." 2, Ger. em. 951. 1, and cop. in Pet. 38. 7, and H. ox. iv. 28. 18. — Pet. 38. 8. — Ger. 804. 1. (J. B. iii. 420, is R. acris.J Root fibrous. Stems numerous, widely fpreading, creeping. ■Leaf-Jlalks bordered, as it were, by a membrafie at the bafe. Em- palement fmooth. Flowers clofe during rain, but do not hang down. Poffibly a variety of R. bulboj’us. Linn. — Root-leaves a little hairy underneath ; 76 POLYANDRIA POLY GYNIA. • ' \ t - underneath; leafits 3, with 3 fegments. Leaf-Jlalks hairy, round, with a Angle furrow on the upper fide. Stem-leaves , fegments 3, more or lefs jagged, a little hairy underneath, at the edges and extremities. Fruit-Jlaiks with 5 furrows. Empalement hairy, co- loured. Blofs. yellow, deeper than that of R. acris. With. Butter Cups. — Meadows, paftures, on rubbifh under hedges, and in gardens, in moifl lituations. P, June. — Aug. Goats eat it. Horfes refufe it. Linn. — A Horfe eat it. St. (3. Huns. Larger. Pet. Pet. 38. 8. The very fame plant with «. Ray. St. upright RANUN'CULUS a'cris. Empalements open. Fruit-ftalks cylindrical. Leaves with 3 divifions, and many clefts, the uppermoft ftrap-fhaped. — Curt. i. 4. — Wale. — J. B. iii. 416. — Blacliw. 31. 2 and e. — Dod. 426.. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 379. 2, ic. i. 665. 1, and cop. in Park. 328. 2, Pet. 38. 3, and H. ox. iv. 28. 16. — ( Dod. 427. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 379. 2, ic. i. 666. 1, Cer. 951.2, and cop. in Park. 328. 3, is a pretty exact reprefentationofit, but is R. polyanthemos. ) Stem, hairs prefTed to. Empalement pTetty hairy , loofe, and not growing to at the bale. Linn. — In the higher mountains of Caer- narvonfhire and Wcftmoreland the Jlem is with 1 or 2 flowers, {fiower?) large, and the empalement very hairy. Huds. — Leaves with blackifh fpots. Lower leqf-Jlalks tubular, furrowed. Mr. Hollefear. — Leaves hairy, fegments black or deep purple at the points; jlem-leaves fitting, but fheathing the joints. Leaf-Jlalks hairy. Frui^Jlalks not furrowed. Empalement coloured. With. — Chives about go. Threads fhorter than the leaves of the cup. Blofs. bright yellow. Butter Flowtr. Butter Cups. Meadow's and paftures. P. June. July. Sheep and Goats eat it. Cow:s, Horfes, and Swune refufe it. Linn. — Cow's and Horfes leave this plant untouched, though their pdfture be ever fo bare. It is very acrid, and eafily blifters the fkin. corn RANUN'CULUS arvenfis.. Seeds prickly. Upper- leaves doubly compound, ftrap-fhaped. — Wale. — FI. dan. 219, a branch. — Fuchf. 157, repr. in jf. B. iii. 859. 1. — Dod. 427. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 380. 1, ic. i. C65. 2, Ger. em. 951. 3, and cop. in Park. 328. 4, H. ox. iv. 29. 23, and Pet. 38. 10. — Ger. 805. 3. Petals 577 MANY CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. Petals fmali, brimftone-coloured. Seeds 5 or 6, Hat, befet with awl-fhaped prickles. Chives about 16. Mr. Woodward. Hungerweed. [Mr. Holler ear.] — Cornfields. A. June. RANUN'CULUS parviflo'rus. Seeds covered with fmali flowered ifharp points. Leaves Ample, jagged, pointed, rough •with hair. Stem fpreading. — Ray 12. 1. at p. 326. — H. ox. iv. 28.21. — Pet. 38.9. — Pink. 55- 1. Stems more proilrate than that of R. muricalus. Leaves deeply jjagged. Seeds befet only on the fides with tubercles, and not witjh :prickles. Linn. — Stems trailing, cylindrical, hairy, hollow, very : much branched. Leaves on leaf-ftalks, alternate, with 5 lobes, hairy, pointed. Leqf-Jlalks 5 times as long as the leaves, femi- cylindrical, membranaceous at the bafe, half embracing the Hem. Fruit-fialhs oppofite the leaves, round, not furrowed, as long as the leaves. Empalement bent back. Petals expanding. Seeds befet with minute hooks. Lyons. — Lower-leaves with 3 lobes, jagged, the upper fimple or divided, fpear-fhaped, hairy. Seeds flat, ter- minated by fhort hooked points. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves with 3 clefts, fegments toothed. Root-leaves kidney-fhaped, or heart - fhaped, with 3 clefts, fegments toothed. Stem-leaves femi-circular. Uppermojl leaves fmali, either fimple, or with 3 divifions, fitting. Seeds, prickles hooked, very fhort. With. Corn fields and meadows, in a gravelly foil. Near Camberwell; and Greenfircet Green, not far from Dartford, Kent. [Malvern Hill, Worceflerfhire. Mr. Ballard. — Near Norwich. Mr. Pjtchford. — and Worcefier. St.] A. May. June. R AN U N'C ULUS hedera'ceus. Leaves roundifh, Ivy-leaved with 3 lobes, very entire. Stem creeping. — Curt. iv. 42. — FI. dan. 321. — J. B. iii. 782. 2, cop. in H. ox. iv. 29.29, and Pet. 38. 12.' — (Park. 1216.9, is Lemna trifulca.J Chives fometimes 10. Weber. Curt. — Stems fpreading. Leaves, fome kidney-fhaped, lobes nearly heart-fhaped. Leaf-Jlalks flatted. Empalement bent back. Fruit-fiqlks not furrowed. Petals fpear- fhaped, white. Chives 5, 6, 7, rarely more. Honey-cups yellow- ifh. Seeds finooth. With. On the mud of flow (hallow Tivulets. Watery places, ditches, and flow fireams. [Frequent in Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P. June. — Aug. RANUN'CULUS aqutit'ilis. The leaves under water water hair-like ; thofe above the water with central leaf-ftalks. — Honey-cup \ 578 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. various-leav’d fine-leaved Milfoil 0 \ . fennel-leaved Honey-cup not a fcale, but a Ample pore. Linn. — The variation of the leaves depends entirely on its growing in water which is either ftagnan.t, or has more or lefs ftream. Petals white., with a yellow fpot at the bafe. Mr. Woodward. — Petals, claws yellow. Honey-cup a fhort open tube. Threads not more than fth as long as the petals. Seed-buds hairy when magnified. Receptacle hairy. With. — Flowers on fruit-ftalks which aril'e from the fame (heath with the leaves; white, or pale ftraw-colour. P. April. — July. Cows, Horfes, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. a. Leaves as in the fpecific character. St. » Pet. 39. i. — J. B. iii. 781. 1. — Barr. 5C5. — Dod. 587. 2, repr. in Lob. obj. 497. 2, ic. ii. 35. 2, Ger. em. 829. 2, and cop. in Park. 1216. 8. — H. ox. iv. 29. 31. Wet ditches and gently flowing rivulets, (3. All the leaves hair- like; outline round. Li nn.Ray. — Flowers on long fruit-ftalks. Pluk. Pink. 55. 2. — Pet. 39. 3. — C. B. pr. 73. 2, cop. in J. B. iii. 784. — i, and Park. 1257. 8. 7. Linn. All the leaves hair-like; fegments diverging; out- line irregular. Hall. — Differing from a only in the leaves being all hair-like. Ray. H. ox. iv. 29. 32. — Ger. 679, abridged in J. B. iii. 781. 2, and Pet. 39. 2. — (Lob. ic. i. 791. 1, repr. in Ger, em. 827. 3, and cop. in Park. 1256. 5, and abridged in Pet. 39. 4, is variety $.) In the fame fituations as variety «. Linn. All the leaves hair-like; fegments very long, parallel. -Hall. — outline oblong. Royen. — Stems very long, taking the direcftion of the ftream. Ray. St. FI. dan. 376. — J. B. iii. 782. 1. — Lob. ic. i. 791. 1, repr. in Ger. 'em. 827. 3, and cop. in park. 1256. 5, and abridged in Pet. 39. 4. — ( Lcb . ic. i. 790. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 828. 4, is Pctamogct. peSlinatum.) Rivers. River Tame about Tamvvorth, See. the Ifis, near Oxford, [and in fhoals in the Severn, where it is called Rait. St.] FICA'RIA. ivIANY CHIVES, MANY POINTALS. PICA'RIA. (Dill. Hall. Huds. St.) Pilewort. Smpal. Cup 3 leaves ; egg-fhaped ; concave; falling off. Bloss. Petals about 8 ; ipear-fhaped ; gloffy. Honey-cup a little cavity juft above the claw of each petal, clofed by a nicked fcale. Chives. “Threads many; very fhort. Tips ftraight ; ob- long ; double. Point. Seed-buds numerous; forming a knob. Shafts none. Summits- reflected; very fmall. 3. Vess. none. Receptacle conne&ing the feeds by very minute fruit-ftalks. Seeds many; oblong; crooked at the point. Huds. , Ess. Chak. Empal. leaves 3. Petals about 8; -with a pore containing honey on the injide of the claws. Seeds bare. St. Obs. Correfponds with Ranunculus in its honey-cup, and with ^ ■Anemone and Adonis in the uncertain number of petals; between which lafl, and Ranunculus, it is the connecting link on one fide, as it is between Ranunculus and Caltha on the other. St. FICA'RIA vepna. Empal. leaves fometimes 4. Trew. common — 4 and 5. Curt. Ludw. 52. — R. dan. 499. — Curt. ii. 13. — Blackw. 51. — Wale. — Fuchf. 867, cop. in J. B. iii. 468, and Lonic, i. 166. 1. — Dod. 49, repr. in Lob. obf. 323. 1, ic. i. 593. 2, Ger. em. 816, and cop. in Park. 617. 3, and Pet. 38. 1. — Ger. 669. — Matth. 831. —Trag. 613. * ✓ Plant fmooth. Roots compofcd of feveral granules or little bulbs. '.Stem trailing, fomewhat angular, hollow. Lower-leaves oppofite, ion leaf-ftalks, heart-fhaped, fomewhat angular, fcolloped, blunt- iifh, gloffy, the uppermoft fometimes folitary. Leaf-jlalks chan- nelled, half embracing the flem, much longer than the leaves. Fruit-Jlalk terminating, furrowed towards the top. Empal. a fmall :refle cop. in LJod . 97? which repr. in Lob. obj. 272. 2, ic. i. 509, 1, Ger. em. 684. 1, improved in Park. 1243, and abridged in Pet. 31. 6. — Lonic. i. 114. 1. ( FI. dan. 673, is totally unlike it.) Empalement hairy. Blojfoms hairy, fegments nearly equal. Mr. Hollefear. — Plant not hairy. The terminating whorls crowded into a head or blunt fpike. Li nn. — Stem rcddilh towards the top, and fet with a few briftly hairs pointing downwards. Leaves egg- fpear-lhaped, a little hairy on both Tides, fometimes woolly. Branches generally fhorter than the leaves. Empalement coloured, ribbed, baity without, fcored within; teeth not quite equal, glands femi-tranfparent. Blojfoms hairy without. Chives half as long again as the bloffom, nearly equal. Blojfoms pale red. With. Watery places and banks of rivers. p. Aug. Horfes eat it. Swine refufe it. fi. hirfuta. Huds. — M. hirfuta, which fee. y. Huds. — M. hirfuta B, which fee. Obs. It varies in having leaves hairy, and rough, and chives fhorter than, equal to, and longer than the bloffom. Huds. — lam inclined to affent to Mr. Hudfon’s opinion. Linnaeus’s hirfuta ' was adopted from the ift edition of the FI. angl. St. ME N'T HA piperi'ta. Flowers in heads. Leaves pepper egg-fhaped, on leaf-ftalks. Chives fhorter than the blofs. Linn. — Flowers fometimes in vvhorled J pikes , and the leaves in gardens almojl bare. Huds. Ray 10. 2. at/>. 23 r, is referred to by Linnaeus , I apprehend inad- vertently, as the chives are longer than the bloffom. — Pet. 31.9. Leaves broader than the common fort of Pepper Mint. But this ' fort is perhaps rather to be arranged along with the Water Mints. Dill, in R. fyn. — Stem upright. BloJJ'oms purplifh red. Under each whorl there are 2 pointed, fpear-fhaped, hair y floral-leaves. Mentha fpicis brev. et habitior. fol. Menthce fufcce, fapore fervido Piperis, folio latiore. Dill, in R. fyn. 235. 2. Flowers in fpikes. St. Knigge difs. — Blackw. 291. 2 and 1. — Pet. 31. 10. Spikes terminating the Hem and upper branches, confifting of ' from 9 to 12 whorls. Whorls, the lower on fruit-ftalks at a diftance I from each other. In external appearance correfponding with M. viridis, for which it may ealily be miftaken, but in M. viridis the ftem is taller, the leaves with fcarcely any leaf-ftalks, narrower 1 in proportion to their length, fpikes longer, compoled of more whorls. Knigoe. St. — This is the Pepper Mint of our gardens. R r 2 It 599 6 oo DID YNAMIA GYMNO SPERM IA. It belongs to the divifion of the fpicatce, has the nearefi: affinity to the M. viridis, and appears to me to be a fpecies diftinct from the M. piperita of Linnaeus. St. Mentha fpicis brevioribus et habitioribus, foliis Menthce fufca?, fapore fervido Piperis. R. fyn. 234. n. 7. Watery places and {ides of rivulets. In Hertfordfh. and ElTex, and between Newington and Hornfey. P. Aug. , The Item and leaves are befet with numbers of very minute glands, containing the effiential oil, which rifes plentifully in dif- tillation. The Pepper Mint water is well known as a carmina- tive and anti-fpafmodic. Junipers effence of Pepper Mint is an elegant medicine, and poffielTes the mod adtive properties of the plant. marjh MEN'TH A fati'va. Flowers in whorls. Leaves egg-fhaped, fomewhat pointed, ferrated. Chives longer the blofifom. Linn. — Stems upright. Leaves on leaf- ftalks, pointed, woolly. Huds. FI. dan. 794. — Riv. man. 48. 1, M. vert. — H. ox. xi. 7. row x. 2. — Dod. 05. 1. repr. in Lob. obf. 271. 1, ic. i. 507. x, Ger. Jri em. 680. 1, 'cop. in Pet. 31.8, and ill cop. in Park. 32. 4.* — I Fuchf. 288, cop. in J. B. iii. 216. — (Ger. 552. 1, is Melijfa 1 Calamintha. — Matth. 712, is a fpihed Mint .J Leaves fmooth, fometimes hairy, {lightly wiinkled. Ray. Marfhy places and hides of rivulets. P. July. Aug. ; red ME N'T HA genti'lis. Flowers in whorls. Leaves > egg-draped, pointed, ferrated. Chives (horter than the blotTom. Linn — Stems fpreading. Leaves nearly fitting, egg-fpear-fhaped, alrnoft naked. Chives Jhorter , as long , as, or fomewhat longer than the kloffom. Huds. FI. dan. 736. — Fuchf. 291, cop. in J. B. iii. 217. 1 . — (Dod. 95. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 271. 1, ic. i.507. 1, Ger. em. 680. r, * cop. in Pet. 31. 8, and ill cop. in park. 32. 4, though referred to by Ray and Hudfon, feems rather to be M. fativa. — H. ox. xi. 7. row 1. 1, leaves Jpear-fnaped. — Ger. em. 684. 4, is a (piked Mint.) Very much refcmbling M. arvenf.s , but not fo hairy, the ferns red, and the chives not longer than the tube of the bloffiom. Whorls lateral. Blofs. lower fegment pointed. Empalcment fprinkled with ( refinous dots. Linn. — Stems red, imooth. Leaven bare or {lightly hairy, i , * C. B. and Lightf. but referred to M. gentilis by Kay and Hudfon. St. II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. hairy. Huds. — Stems 4- cornered, with more or lefs of a reddifh tinge towards the top. Leaf-Jlalks flat, fhort. Whorls compofed of 2 lateral rundles on very fhort fruit-ftalks. Floral-leaves 4 or 5 under each whorl, 2 fpear-fhaped, the reft fmaller and ftrap- fhaped. Empalement flightly ribbed, coloured, fprinkled with ihining dots. Blojfom with white hairs on the outfide, and within the tube. Chioes all of the fame length, {hotter than the bloftom. Shaft half as long again as the bloftom , falling off. Seed-buds 4, on a yellowifh green fiefhy receptacle. Blojfom pale red. With. Mentha rubra u. Hods. Watery places and fides of rivulets. P. July. Aug. A Horfe eat it. St. 0. H uds. — Mr. Hudfcn's references to figures are only tranferipts from Uilienuts's edition of R. fyn. the former of ivhkh, Frag. 24, is M. arvenfts; Fuchf. 291, is referred by Linnaeus to M. gentiiis; and Lob. ic. i. 505, referred to by Dillenius , is the very Janie figure which jujl above he has very properly referred to M. arvenfts. J Differs from M. arvenfts in having narrower and fmooth leaves. Ray. — I have fpecimens which accord with this account of Ray, which induces me to believe Ray’s plant to have been rather a va- riety of M. arvenfts. St. Hop ground at Booking. Upper end of Stoke Newington, »by the fide of the New River. Ray. 601 1 ME N'T HA arven'fis. Flowers in whorls. Leaves corn egg-fhaped, pointed, ferrated. Chives as long as. the bloifom. Linn. — Stems fpreading. Leaves on leaf-ftalks, woolly. Chives fhorter, as long _as, and longer than the blojfom. Huds. FI. dan. 512. — Fuchf. 435, cop. in Frag. 16. 2, and J. B. iii. 217.2. — Lob. obf. 270. 1, repr. in ic. i. 505. 2, Ger. em. , 684. 2, and cop. in Bark. 37. 5. — Pet. 31. 5. — Matth. 718, im- proved in Frag. 24. — H. ox. xi. 7. row 2. 5. f. 2. Stems fpreading. Whorls lateral. Whole plant hairy. Chives equal in length to the border of the bloffom. Blofs. lower fegment blunt. Empalement hoary. Linn. — Chives often lye within the tube, fo that were it not for the blunt middle fegment of the bloffom, it might be fuppofed to be M. gentiiis. Pollicii. — Whole plant covered with foft white hairs, of a paler green than M. gentiiis. Stem not tinged with red; hairs pointing downwards. Leaves towards the top egg-fpear-fhaped, towards the bottom roundifh. Whorls compofed of 2 oppofite rundles. Rundles fitting. Empalement pale green, befet with foft white hairs, interfperfed with very minute R r 3 femi* 602 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. femi-tranfparent glands. Blojfoms hairy within and without. Chives in fome plants longer than the blofiom. With. Watery places and moift cprn fields. P. July. — Sept. It prevents the coagulation of milk; and, when Cows have eaten it, as they will do largely at the end of fummer, when the paftures are bare, and hunger diftreffes them, their milk can hardly be made to yield cheefe; a circumftance which fometimes puzzles the dairy maids. • . Horfes and Goats eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Cows and Swine refufe it. Pennyroyal MEN'THA Flowers in whorls. Leaves egg-lhaped, blunt, fomewhat fcolloped. Stems roundilh, creeping. Chives longer than the bloffom. — Ludw. 195. — Blachv. 302. — Riv. 23. 1, Pulegium. — Fuchf. ig8, cop. in J. B. iii. 256. 2, and Trag. 23. — Matth. 704, cop. in Dod. 282, which repr. in Lob. obf. 266, ic. i. 500. 1, Ger. em. 671. 1, and cop. in Park. 29, and Pet. 32. 2. — Lonic. i. 114. 3. — H. ox. xi. 7. row 2. 1. — ( Ger. 545. 1, feems M. cervina .) Leaves rather inverfely egg-fhaped. St. — Stems with 4 blunt corners, hairy, branched. Leaves thick, {lightly toothed, under- neath let with deep femi-tranfparent dots. Blojs. twice as long as the empalement, hairy without. Chives equal. Pointals as long as the chives. Blofs. pale purple. With. Moift heaths and paftures. [Side of a pool at Robert’s End, near Hanley Caftle, Worcefterfhire. Mr. Ballard. — Side of a pool at Erdington, Warwickfhire. With.] P. Aug. Sept. The exprefied juice, with a little fugar, is not a bad medicine in the Hooping Cough. A Ample, and a fpirituous water, diftilled from the dried leaves, are kept in the {hops. They are prefcribed inhyfterical affections, and are not without confiderable anti-fpaf- modic properties. An infufion of the plant may be ufed with the fame intention. fi. Huds. Mentha exigua. Flowers in whorls. Leaves fpear- egg-fhaped, fmooth, pointed, very entire. Linn. The figures referred by Linnaeus to his M. exigua have ferrated leaves, that of Lob. ic. 505, is M. arvenfis, and Fiichf. 291, is alfo referred by Linnaeus hitnfelf to M. gentilis. But Linnaeus does not give any reafon to fuppofe that his plant had any peculiar affinity with M. Pulegium, and Ray’s plant is Mr. Hudfon’s M. gentilis. (d. The prefent I can only conje&ure to a M. Pulegium with narrower leaves than ufual. St. Mufca pipiens; CaJJida viridis, and PhaUcna Chryfitis, live upon the different fpecies. 773. GLE- II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. 603 773. G LE C O'M A. Gill. \ Empal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; cylindrical; fcored; very fmall ; permanent ; rim with 5 teeth ; taper ; un- equal. Bloss. 1 petal; gaping, lube flender; comprefied. Up- per Lip upright ; blunt ; with a (hallow cleft. Lower Lip expanding ; large ; blunt ; with 3 fegments ; the middle one largeft, and notched at the end. Chives. Threads 4 ; 2 long and 2 fhort ; covered by the upper lip. Tips of each pair of chives approaching lo as to form a crols. Point. Seed-bud cloven into 4. Shaft tliread-fhaped ; leaning under the upper lip. Summit cloven ; (harp. S. Vess. none. The feeds lye at the bottom of the cup. Seeds 4 ; egg-fhaped. Ess. Char. Each pair of Tips approaching inform of a crofs. Empalemennl with 5 clefts. GLECO'MA hedera'cea. Leaves kidney-fhaped, Ground-Ivy fcolloped. — Ludw. 62. — Vaill. 6. 5 and 6. — Curt. ii. 24. — FL dan. 789. — • Riv. mon. 67.2, H. minor. — Lonic. i. 205.2. — Matth. 626. — Dod. 394, repr. in Lob. obf. 336. 2, ic. i. 613. 2, Ger.em. 856. 1, and cop. in Park. 677. b. — Wale. — J. B. ii. 855. 2. — Ger. 705. — Fuchf. 876. — Blackw. 225. — Trag. 799. Little protuberances compofed of many cells, are fometimes found upon the leaves, and are occafioned by infedls. Linn. — .Stem creeping, 4-cornered, woolly at the knots. Leaves oppolite, on leaf-ftalks, fomewhat hairy. Leaf-Jlalks channelled, as long as the leaves. Fruit-flalks from the bofem of the leaves, oppolite, branched, with 3 to 5 flowers, fhort. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, very fmall, growing to the fruit-flalks. Flowers blue. Empalement hairy, awned. Blofs. much longer than the empalement. Throat woolly. Lyons. — The chives are fometimes imperfect, confid- ing of threads only half the ufual length, and terminated by a red- difh blunt point. St. in Bot. Arr. ed. i. — Sometimes they arefur- nilhed with tips, but containing no dull. Threads thread-fhaped, white. Tips oblong, pale brown, dillant, containing no dull, fcarcely broader than the threads. St. — Roots fending out trailing fuckers. Leaves heart-kidney-fhaped, befet underneath with hol- low dots, in which are glands fecreting an eflential oil, and above with little eminericie^, but which do not fecrete any odorifereus R r 4 oil, 604 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. r * ♦ oil, for this furface being rubbed gives out no peculiar fcent, *• I whereas the under furface affords a pleafant reviving fcent. With. Ground Ivy. Cats-foot . Ale-hoof. Tun-hoof. Robin run in the hedge. Hedges and fhady places. P. Apr. May. The leaves are thrown into the vat with ale, to clarify it, and to give it a flavour. Ale, thus .prepared, is often drank as an anti-fcorbutici The expreffed juice, mixed with a little wine, and applied morning and evening, deftroys the white fpecks upon Horfes eyes. The plants that grow near it do not flourifh. It is faid to be hurtful to Horfes if they eat much of it. Sheep eat it. Horfes are not fond of it. Cows, Goats, and Swine refufe it. Linn. — A Horfe eat it. St. The Phalaena libatrix, and the Cynips Glecomce , live upon it. /?. Huds. — Riv. mon. 67, 1, Hedera terrejlris. — Vaill. 6. 5. — Cluj. ii. 38. 2, repr. in Ger. era. 704. 6, — Park. 677. a. [Near Worcefter. St.J 774. LA'MIUM. Archangel. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; wider towards the top; with 5 teeth, and awns ; nearly equal ; permanent. Bloss. \ petal ; gaping. Tube cylindrical; very fhort. Border open. Mouth bladder- lhaped ; compreffed ; hunched ; with a little tooth turned backwards on each fide. Upper Lip vaulted; circular; blunt; entire. Lower Lip fhorter ; inverfely heart-fhaped ; notched at the end ; refledted. Chives. Thaeads 4; awl-fhaped ; 2 long and 2 fhort; covered by the upper lip. ‘Lips oblong ; hairy. Point. Seed-bud with 4 clefts. Shaft thread-fhaped ; . j agreeing in length and fituation with the chives. Summit cloven ; {harp. / . S. Vess. none. The Cup remaining open contains the feeds in its bottom. Seeds 4; fhort; 3-cornered; convex on one fide ; lopped at each end. Ess. Char. Blofs. upper lip entire ; vaulted; lower lip with 2 lobes ; edge of the mouth with a tooth on each Jide. xvhite LA'MIUM al'bum. Leaves heart-fhaped, tapering to a point, ferrated, on leaf-fialks. Flowers about 20 in a whosl. — Ludw , t II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. Ludw. 162. — Curt. ii. 20. — Riv. mon. 62. 1. — FI. dan. 594. — Blackw.33 . — Wale. — Trag. 8. u — Ger. 566. — Matth. 1129, cop. in Dod. 153. 1, which repr. in Lob. 280. 2, ic. i. 520. 2, Ger. cm. 702. 1 , and cop. in Park. 605. 3. Empalment marked with a black fpot. Blofs. fometimes flefh- coloured. Linn. — Stem a foot high, fquare, upright, hairy, hol- low, terminated by leaves. Leaves oppofite, pointed, fprinkled with minute hairs. Leaf-Jlalks broader at the bale, longer towards the root. Flowers 12 to 20 in a whorl. Empalement fitting, marked with purple fcores at the bafe, with mo'ftly 10 angles. Blofs. twice as long as the empalement, white; tube fhoxt. Tips hairy, black. Lyons. — Stems fquare, nearly fmooth. Empal. awns ftraight, very long. Mr. Woodward. — Bloffom fometimes flightly tinged with red. Curt. White Archangel. White Dead Nettle. On ru’obifh, cornfields, and ditch banks. P. May. June. Goats and Sheep eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. I. A ' M I U M purpu'reum. Leaves heart-fhaped, blunt, red on leaf-ftalks. — Curt. i. 8. — Sheldr. 6g. — FI. dan. 523. — Blaclav. 182. 1. — Riv. mon. 62. 2, G ale opjis minor. — Ger. 568.4. — Wale. — Dod. 153. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 280. 1, ic. i. 120. 1, Ger. em. 703. 3, and cop. in Park. 605. 1, and 587. 1 1 , and H. ox. xi. 1 1. 9. — (Ger. 568.3, is another fpecies. — Fuchf . 469, Lonic. i. iog. 2, and Trag. 4. 2, are different plants. ) Stem fquare, terminated by leaves, branched near the root. Leaves oppofite, heart-fhaped, notched, veined, the lowermoft fmaller, and on longer leaf-ftalks, the uppermoft crowded. Leaf- . folks widened at the bafe, long. Whorls within the upper leaves. Flowers 6 in the bofom of each leaf, in a double row. Empalement awned, fringed. Lyons. — Leaves ferrated, downy, but not rough. Blofs. 'lower border of the mouth whitifh, with purple ftreaks, the reft pale red. With. Red Dead Nettle. Dee Nettle, (Worcefterfhire.) S r. Rubbifh, corn fields, and kitchen gardens. A. Linn, and Lightf. P. Huds. The young leaves, both of this and the preceding fpecies, may be eaten with other pot herbs. Goats, Sheep, and Horfes eat it. Cows refufp it. (S, Huds.— Leaves deeply cut. Ray. eut- Pct. 6o6 DIDYNAMIA GYM NO SPERM I A, Pet. 33, 3 .—Pink. 41. 3.* Leaves deeply cut, fo as alraoft to be lobed, tapering down into leaf-ftalks. It would be worthy of cultivation, to try if it would not turn out to be a diftindl fpecies. Mr. Woodward. Kitchen gardens and fallow fields, not unfrequent. On a bank between Pimlico and-Chelfea. Curt. / Henbit LA'MIUM amplexicau'le. Floral-leaves fitting, embracing the idem, blunt. — Curt. ii. ig. — Riv. vion. 63. 1 and 2. — FI. dan. 752. — Lob. ic. i. 463. 2, repr. in Ger. era. 616. 4, and cop. in Park. 762. 2, Pet. 33. 4, and H. ox. xi. 11. 12. — Ger. 493.4. — (Cluj. ii. 38. 2, Jems rather Glecoma hederacea fi.) ' The BloJJoms with us do not open, but fall off before they are fully unfolded, fo that during a whole fummer one {hall foareely find more than 1 or 2 plants with perfeeft flowers, and thefe only in the middle of the fummer and iunny expoiuie. -The helmets of fuch are velvety, purple, and but juft projecting out of the era- palement. Linn. — Flowers of two kinds, the firft expanding in February and March, only a little longer than the empalernent; the latter opening in May and June 4 times as long as the empale- ment, all containing chives and pointals. Curt. — Lower leaves on leaf-ftalks, heart-fhaped, blunt, deeply and bluntly lerrated; the upper in oppofite pairs, heart-fhaped, broad, fitting, inclofmg but not embracing the Item, with 5 lobes; lobes fcolloped, the middle one as broad again, and with 3 clefts at the end,- the late- ral ones fmall. Blojfcms purple. Mr. Woodward. Great Henbit. Sandy corn fields, and cultivated ground. A. Feb. — June. Sheep, Horfes, and Goats eat it. * Does not reprefent the leaves deeply cut enough. Mr. Woodward. ✓ 775. GALE- II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. 607 775. GALE OP'S IS. Allheal. Em pal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; with 5 teeth ; ending in (harp awns as long as the tube ; permanent. Bloss. 1 petal; gaping. Tube (host. Border open. Mouth fomewhat wider than the tube, and as long as the cup. Above the bafe of the low'er lip on each fide lies a little tapering tooth ; hollow on the under fur- face. Upper Lip circular ; concave ; ferrated at the top. Lower Lip wdth 3 fegments ; the lateral ones circular ; the middle one larger ; fcolloped , notched at the end. Chives. Threads 4; 2 long and 2 fhort; awl-fhaped; covered by the upper lip. Lips roundifh ; cloven. Point. Seed-bud with 4 clefts. Shaft thread-fhaped ; agreeing in length and fituation with the chives. o # o c Summit cloven ; (harp. S. Vess. none. The Cup ft iff; ftraight ; containing the feeds. Seeds 4; 3-cornered; lopped. » Ess. Char. Upper Lip of the bloffom vaulted ; fomewhat fcolloped ; lower lip with 2 teeth above. Obs. In G. Ladanum the upper lip of the bloffom is a little re- flected, but not very evidently fcolloped. In the G. Galeobdolon the lower lip of the bloffom is without teeth; and divided into 3 equal fegments; and the upper lip entire and fringed with a few foft hairs. , GALEOP'SIS Lad’anum. Stem of an equal thick- narrowleaved nefs between each joint. All the whorls remote. Empal. not pungent. Linn. — Leaves ftrap-fpear-fhaped, nearly bare. Huds. Riv. mon. 24. 1, leaves. — Pet. 33. 11. Stem, knots fcarce fenfibly fwoln. Empal. teeth hardly to be called thorny or pungent. Blofs. helmet keeled. Linn. — Stem up- right, 4-cornered, fomewhat hairy, with fpreading branches. Leaves oppofite, on leaf-ftalks, fometimes fpear-fhaped, ferrated, and fometimes very entire; taper-pointed, naked, or fomewhat hairy, with 3 or 4 ferratures on each edge. Flowers red, nightly woolly. Blofs. helmet toothed; lips fcolloped, with the middlemoft fegment pointed with red and white. Empal. teeth taper-pointed, or thorny. Huds. — Stem purplifh, nearly fmooth. Leaves pale green. 6o8 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. green. Empal. with fhortawns, very hairy. Mr. Woodward. — Stems branched, thickeft upwards. Leaves entire, or diftantly toothed, moftly pointing downwards. Empalement very hairy at the edges, and on the outfide; teeth terminated by awns as long as the teeth. Bloffoms reddifh purple; upper lip oval, hairy without; lower lip bent back, irregularly fcolloped, with 2 oval yellow fpots within, underneath, and on the outlide, a number of fmall white globules, fome of which are likewife found on the cups; teeth not obfervable. Dujl yellow. With. Cornfields, in a calcareous foil, frequent. A. June. — Aug. Goats and Cows eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Horfes refufe it. hairy GALEOP'SIS villo'fa. Stem of an equal thick- nefs between .each, joint. > Whorls remote. Leaves fpear- fhaped, ferrated, woolly. Huds. Riv. man. 24. 2. — Pet. 33. 10. Stem upright, 4-cornered, branching, woolly. Branches upright. Leaves oppofite, on leaf-flalks; thofe near the root egg-fhaped, thofe of the ftem fpear-fhaped, taper-pointed, fometimes filky, with ftraight veins. Empal. teeth thorny. Blofs. yellow, woolly; helmet toothed; lips fcolloped. Inhabit it agrees with the G. Ladanum , but differs in the breadth, ferratures, veins and woolly hairs of the leaves, and in the colour of the bloffoms. Huds. Belonica hirta. Huds. ed. i. and Bot. Arr. ed. i. Sandy corn fields, Yorkfhire and Lancafhire. Near Newark, and about Bangor. A. July. Aug. Nettle-Hemp GALEOP'SIS ‘ fet'rahit . Stem thickeft beneath the knots. The uppermoft whorls mortly contiguous. Empalements fomewhat pungent. — Riv.mon. 31, Cannab. fpur. — Dod. 153. 4, repr. in Lob. ic. i. 527. 2, and Ger. em. yog. 2. a. — Ger. em. yog. 1. — Ger. 573. —Pet. 33. 8. Knots fwolri. Empal. teeth thorny. Blojfom , helmet fcolloped. Linn. — Blofs. generally purple, fometimes white. Ray. — Empal. teeth terminated by fharp awns as long again as thofe of G. Ladanum. Mr. Woodward. — Stem where fwoln, and alfo the teeth of the , empalement, covered with fmall glands. Mr Holle*fear. narrowleaved (3. Huds. — Leaves narrower, of a deep green, and its habit differs from that of a. Knots red. Flowers white, tinged with red. Whorls purplifh. Ray. Near the Neat-houfes, and on the road from thence to Chclfea. Ray. y. Huds. II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. 609 7. Huds. Bloffoms white, conliderably larger than thofe pf «• largeflowered Ray. Cannabis fpuria fore albo magno eleganti. R. fyn. 240. §■. Huds. — Blofloms twice as large, yellow, not purple; mid- fair-flowered die fegment of the lip purple. Haller regards it as a diftindl fpecies, I as a variety. Linn. Riv. mon. 32, Cannab. fpur. Ji. maj. — Lob. ic. i. 527. 3, cop. in Ger. cm. 709. 2. b, and cop. in Park. 599. 1. — Pluk. 41. 4. Elofs. much linger than the empalement; middle fegment of the lower lip purple. Mr. Wood. — Blofs. ftraw-coloured; lower lip fpotted with purple. Mr. Woodward. Sheep and Goats eat it. Horfes, Cows, and Swine refufe it. Linn. — A Horfe refufed it. With. Corn field at the bottom of Ribton Lane, near Woodford, Eflex. Sandy corn fields in Yorkfh-ire and Lancafhire. About Settle. Curt. A. GALEOP'SIS Galeob'dolon. Six flowers in a yelloiv whorl. Fence of 4 leaves. Linn. — Flowers 6 to 12 in a zvhorl. Huds. Galcobdclcn luteum. Huds. which fee. The genus of this plant is obfcTure, as the divifions of the lip of the blcjjbm are equal, and without teeth. Leaves fometimes fpotted with white. Long wires from the root. Linn. The Ph alter. a Chryfitis , and Wauvaria, live upon the different fpecies. i t GALE- / DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. i GALEOB'DOLON. (Huds.) Weafle-fnout. Em?al. Fence underneath the whorls; leaves ftrap- fhaped ; pointed ; (hotter than the empalement. Cup i leaf; tubular ; bell-fhaped ; with 5 teeth ; taper-pointed ; the upper tooth upright ; diflant ; the 2 lower between bent back and open. Bloss. 1 petal; gaping. Tube cylindrical ; fhort. Upper Lip oval ; vaulted; nearly entire ; fringed; woolly. Lower Lip lliorter ; with 3 clefts ; unequal ; the lateral fegments egg-fhaped ; taper-pointed ; the outer edge bent back ; the middle fegment longer ; ftraight ; taper-pointed. Chives, ‘'threads 4; awl-fhaped ; covered by the upper lip ; 2 of them longer. ‘Tips 2 ; oblong ; double ; convex above ; concave underneath. Point. Seed-bud with 4 divifions. Shaft thread-fhaped ; of the length and (ituation of the chives. Summit cloven ; pointed. S. Vess. none. The empalement unchanged contains the feeds in its bottom. Seeds 4; fhort; 3-fquare; lopped. Huds Ess. Char. Blofs. upper lip entire; vaulted; lower Up with 3 clefts; fegments taper-pointed. Sr.* ' GALEOB'DOLON lu'teum. Huds. St. Curt. iv. 42, Caleobdolon Galeopfs. — Wale. — Dod. 153. 3, repr. in Lob. ic. i. 521, 1, Ger.em. 702.2, arid cop. in Park. 606, H. ox. xi. 11. 5, and Pet. 33. 6. — Riv. mon. 20. 2, Lam. f. lut. — Ger. 567. 2. — J. B. iii. 323. 1. Lower leaves heart-fhaped; the upper egg-fhaped, pointed. Flowers in whorls, fitting, 6 to 12 in a whorl. Whorls with a fence. Blofs. yellow; middle fegment of the lower lip tawny, marked with 3 lines. Huns. — Floral-leaves bridle- fhaped, 1 at the bafe of each Hower. Blofs. lower lip beautifully ftriped and fpotted with deep orange. Mr. Woodward. — Stems 4-cornered, furrowed. Leaves fpear-fhaped, on leaf-ftalks, unequally ferrated, hair)', especially at the edges. Whorls, the uppermoft with 6 flowers, the reft with from 7 to 10. Fence, leaves growing to the bafe of the empalcmcnts. * Corolla? labium fuperius integrum, fornicatum ; labium 3-fiduifl, laciniis aeuumuus, St. II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. 61 1* impalements. Tips flefhy or glandular on the back part. Seeds >blong, convex on the outer fide, 3-cornered on the inner. With. Yellow Archangel. Yellow Dead Nettle. Woods, fhady places, and moifl: hedges. [Bath Hills, near 3ungay, Suffolk; and woods, Norfolk. Mr. Woodw. — Hedges near Malvern Chace. Mr. Ballard. — Woods near Worcefter. 3t.— Staffcrdfhire and Warwickfh. frequent. With.] P. May. 776. BETON'ICA. Betony. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; cylindrical; teeth 5 ; with awns ; permanent. Bloss. 1 petal ; gaping. 'Tube cylindrical ; crooked. Upper Lip circular ; entire; flat; upright. Lower Lip with 3 fegments ; the middle one broad ; circu- lar ; notched at the end. Chives. Threads 4 ; 2 long and 2 (hort ; as long as the mouth of the bloflom, and leaning towards the upper lip. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud with 4 divifions. Shaft in drape, flze, and fltuation refembling the chives. Summit cloven. iS. Vess. none. The Cup contains the feeds. 'Seeds 4; egg-flraped. £ss. Char. Empalement awned. Blofs. upper Up afcending ; jiattijh ; tube cylindrical. BETON'ICA Spike interrupted. The wood muddle fegment of the bloffom nicked. — Ludw. 2. — Curt. iii. 26. — Riv. man. 28, Betonica. — Ger. 577. 1. — Blackw. 46. — Sheldr. 36. — FI. dan. 7 26. — Lonic. i. 138. 1. — Tourn. 96. — Cluj. ii. 39. 1, repr. in Dod. 40. 1, Lob. obf. 286.4, ic. i. 532. 2, Ger. em. 714, andcop. in Par h. 614. 1, H. ox. xi. 5. row 1. 1 . f. 1, and Pet. 32. 6. — Fuchf. 351, cop. in Trag. 198, and J. B. 301. — Matth. 944, cop. in Ger. 577y 2- Stem hairy below, channelled above. Root-leaves on leaf-ftalks, iheart-fpear-fhaped, blunt, fcolloped, teeth rounded; upper Jlem- Ueaves, efpecially underneath the whorls, nearly fitting, fpear- ifhaped, between ferrated and toothed; teeth horizontal. Floral Heaves entire, hairy at the edge. Re-lhan. — Stems fquare, hairy. j Root-leaves oblong-heart-fhaped, fcolloped, hairy, on long leaf- iftalks. Stem-leaves diftant, fpear-fhaped, ferrated. Mr. Woonw. — Stem, hairs lying flat, and pointing downwards. Empalement coloured, 6 12 D ID YNAMIA GYM NO SPERM I A. coloured, with long hairs betwen the fegments. Blofs. upper lip cloven at the end; middle fegment of the lower lip fcolloped. Tips chefnut-coloured. Dujl white. Root-leaves on leaf-ftalks, heart-fhaped, hairy. Blojfoms purple. "With. Wood Be tony. Woods and fhady groves. [Meadows in St. Faith’s, near Norwich. Mr. Crowe. — Ripton, Huntingdonlhire. Paftures, Herts. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. Aug. This plant was formerly much ufed in medicine, but it is dif- cardedfrom the modern practice; however, it is not deftitute of virtues, for when frefh it intoxicates, and the dried leaves excite fneezing. It is often fmoaked as tobacco. The root provokes vomiting. — Sheep eat it. Goats refufe it. /3. Bloffoms white. Linn. St. With. 777. STA'CHYS. Woundwort. Em pal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; angular; with 5 fhallow clefts; taper; permanent; teeth awl-fhaped ; tap'er; nearly equal. Bloss. 1 petal; gaping, Tube very flaort. Mouth oblong; 1 hunched downwards towards the bafe. Upper Lip upright ; fomewhat egg-fhaped ; vaulted ; generally . notched at the end. Lower Lip large ; with 3 feg- ments ; the 2 outer fegments reflected ; the middle one the largeft ; notched at the end ; and folded back. Chives. Threads 4; 2 long and 2 flaort ; awl-fhaped; bent to the tides of the mouth. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud with 4 divifions. Shaft thread-fhaped ; agreeing in length and fituation with the chives. Summit cloven ; (harp. S. Vess. none. The Cup but little changed contains the feeds. Seeds 4; egg-fhaped; angular. Ess. Ciiar. Upper Lip of the bhjfom vaulted; lower lip bent back at the Jides; the middle fegment nicked. Chives when they have Jhed their du jl bent towards the Jides. O r. 3 . In fome fpecies the upper lip is upright. hedge ST A'C H Y S fylvat'ica. Six flowers in a whorl. Leaves heart-fhaped, on leaf-ftalks. — Curt. I II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. Curt. iii. 31. — Riv. men. 26. 2, Stachys fylvalica. — Blackw. 84, 2. — Ciuf. ii.36. 1, repr. in Cer. em. 704. 5, and cop. in Park. 908, 1, H.ox. xi, 11. 10, and Pet. 32. 7. — Trag. 5, cop. in Lonic. i. log. 3. — Blackw. 84. 1. Stem-leaves and empalement hairy. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, jpointed. Blojfoms deep purple, with white fpots. Mr.WooDw. Hedge Nettle. — Hedges and woods. P. July. Aug. It will dye yellow. The whole plant has a foetid fmell, and Hoads are thought to be fond of living under its fhade. Sheep and Goats eat it. Horfes, Cows, and Swine refufe it. /?. Huds. Smaller. Leaves angular. S T A'C H Y S paluf'tris. About 6 flowers in a whorl, clown's Leaves flrap-fpear-fhaped, half embracing the ftem, fitting. — Curt. iii. 35. — Riv. mon. 26. 1, Stachys palujlris. — Sheldr. 45. — Ger. 565. 2, cop. in Ger. em. 1005. — Blackw. 273. — Ger. 852, imitated in Park. 852. — Pet. 33. 9. Whorls with 6 to 10 flowers. Linn. — Stems 4-cornered, ' with ihairs bent downwards. Leaves oppolite, heart-fhaped at the bafe, "errated, hairy. Leaf-Jlalks fhort, fcarcely half embracing the ftem. Whorls not terminating. Empalement tubular, with 10 fcores, with 15 Ihallow clefts, hairy; fegments egg-fhaped, nearly equal. Blofs. nipper lip hairy, vaulted, nicked; lower lip with 3 clefts, the la- teral fegments bent back, variegated with red and white. Lyons. Stems 4-cornered, rough with hairs pointing downwards. Leaves in oppolite pairs, very foft, unequally ferrated, fpreadjng fiialf way round the ftem. Floral-leaves , 2 fmall ones under each .whorl. Empalement purple, befet with fine hairs terminating in :mall globules. Blofs. reddifh purple, mottled; tube white; mouth comprelfed; upper lip, and all the fegments of the lower -lip, (lightly notched at the end. Threads a little hairy. Chives and maft reddifh purple. Receptacle of the feeds glandular, green. With. Clown's Woundwort. Clown’s Allheal. Watery places, and banks of rivers. P. Augn The roots, when dried and powdered, will make bread. Sheep eat the leaves, but Cows, Horfes, Goats, and Swine rrefufe them. STA'CHYS german'ica. Many flowers in a whorl, german Serratures of the leaves lapping over each other. Stem cob-webbed. — Riv. mon. 27. 1, Stachys mont. — in J. B. iii. 320, and Trag. 9. oh II. S f Fl. dan. 684. — Fuchf. 766, cop. 1 ; and imitated in Lonic. i. 1 10. i I , which 6 1 4 DID YNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. i, which repr. in ii. 30. 4. — Ger. 563. 2. — Matth. 830, cop. inDod. 90.3, which repr. in Lob. obf. 285. 4; ic. i. 530 2, and Ger. em. 695. 2, and cop. in Park. 48. 2, and H. ox. xi. 10. r. "Whole plant white. Stem cloathed with a long white wool. Leaves , ferratures fomewhat tiled; the flower-leaves fpear-fhaped, bent back. Tips yellowifh white. Linn. — Whole plant white with a thick filky down. Stem fquare. Lower-leaves heart-fpear-fhaped; the upper fpear-fhaped', thick, wrinkled, fharply ferrated. Blofs. lip covered with down. Mr. Woodward. — Blofs. white, with a purplifh tinge within. Bafe Horehound. Hedges about Witney Park, Oxfordfhire, plentifully, and 4 miles S. of Grantham, near the London road, oppofite Eafton. [Frequent in Oxfordfhire. Mr. Newberry. — Between Blenheim and Ditchley. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. corn STA'CHYS arven'frs. Six flowers in a whorl. Leaves blunt, almofl: naked. Bloffoms as long as the empalement. Stem feeble. — Curt. iv. 42. — FI. dan. 587. — Riv. mon. 27. 2, Stachys arv. min. — Pet. 33. 12. All well done. — '(Park. 587. n, is Lamium purpureum.J Stem 4-cornered, blunt, with fpreading branches rough with hair. Leaves heart-fhaped, bluntly ferrated, much iefs hairy than the flem. Leaf-Jlalks hairy. Empalement fitting, hairy, with 5 equal, fharp- pointed, {hallow clefts. Blofs. whitilh, almofl; fmaller than the empalement; helmet very entire; lip with 3 clefts, the middle- one the broadeft, purplifh, dotted, not nicked. Linn. — BloJJ'oms flefh-coloured. Hall. Curt. — It neither poffefles the linking . charadler of any other genus, nor fufficient marks of diflincilion to form a genus by itfelf. Curt. Corn fields. A. June. — Aug. 776. BALL O'TA. •s ' 1 II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. 776.'BALLO'TA Henbit. LEmpal. Cup i leaf; tubular; falver-fhaped ; 5-cornered ; audiofcores; oblong; upright; permanent. Ron {harp ; open; plaited; with 5 equal teeth. General Fence to the whorls formed of ftrap-fhaped leaves. Bloss. 1 petal ; gaping. Tube cylindrical; as long as the cup. Upper Up upright ; egg-lhaped ; entire ; lcol- loped ; concave. Lower Lip with 3 fegments ; blunt; the middle one the larged; notched at the end. iChives. Threads 4; 2 long and 2 fhoit; awl-fhaped; leaning towards and fhorter than the upper lip. Tips - oblong ; lateral. !Point. Seed-bud with 4 clefts. Shaft thread-fhaped ; in (hape and lituation fimilar to the chives. Summit {lender; cloven. ' I S. Vess. none. The Cup unchanged contains the feeds. •Seeds 4; egg-fhaped. Ess. Char. Empalement falver-fhaped ; with 5 teeth and 10 fcor.es. Blofs. upper lip fcolloped; concave. Obs. It has the fence of the Clinopodium, the empalement oS the Marrubium, and the bloffom of theSTACHYs, It is nearly allied to the Marrubium. BALLO'TA ni'gra. Leaves heart-fhaped, undivided, ferrated. Empalements taper-pointed. Linn. — Leaves oblong-egg-fhaped. Linn. fl. fuec. Mr. Dickenson. St. Blachv. 136. — Fuchf. 154, cop. in J. B. iii. 318. 1. — Riv. mon. 65. 1, Marrubiaflr. — Maith. 825, imitated in Cluf. ii. 34. 1, which repr. in Dod. 90. 1, Lob. obf. 279. 1, ic. i. 518. 2, Cer. em. 701. 1, and cop. in Park. 1230. 3, H. ox. xi. g. 14, and ^ • Pet- 32. 4.* Plant hairy . Stem upright, fquare, brown, 2 feet high. Leaves oppofite, on leaf-ftalks, egg-fhaped, ferrated, wrinkled, with nearly parallel veins; the lowermoft heart-fhaped at the bafe, the jppermoft pointed at each extremity. Fruit-Jlalks very fhort, gene- "ally oppofite, with many flowers. Fence, leaves many, awl-fhaped, diorterthan the empalements. Empal. pointed, awned. Blofs. Purple, as long again as the empalement. Chives brown. Lyons. * Sabb. iii, 35, floral-leaves reprefented as winged. Mr. Woodward. S f 2 r— Leaves finking 1 6 DIDYNAMIA G Y M NO S PER M IA. — Leaves egg-fhaped. Floral-leaves egg-fhaped. Mr. Dickenson. — Floral-leaves briftle-fhaped, from i to 3 to each fruit-ftalk, fome as long, others only half as long as the empalement. They can- not with propriety be confidered as a fence , as they grow upon, and not under the fruit-ftalk. Mr. Woodw. St. — Floral-leaves hairy. Whorls extending half way round the ftem. Empal. hairy; rim 5-cornered; teeth ending in (harp briftle-fhaped points. Blofs, tube containing honey, clofed above by 5 hairy tufts; upper lip hairy, not very entire, purple variegated with white lines. The Empalements attaining their full fize longbefore the blofloms expand, the latter appear as if already fallen off, though, on examination, they will be found at the bottom of the empalement. With. Stinking Horehound. On rubbifh and in hedges. P. July. It ftands recommended in hyfterical cafes. The Swedes reckon it almoft a univerfal remedy in the difeafes of their cattle. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats refufe it. 13. Huds. — BlofToms white, with a tinge of red. St. Sabb. iii. 36, f, oral-leaves represented as winged. Mr. Woodw. Stem green. Leaves rou'ndifh heart-fhaped; veins ftraddling; the uppermoft fomewhat pointed at the bafe. Empal. green, fome- what awned. Fence fhorter than the empalement. Blofs. white, longer than the empalement. Chives yellow. Ly o n s. — Empalement not lopped, therefore cannot be the Ballota alba of Linnaeus. Hall. St. — In all refpecfts, except the colour of the blofl'om, the fame with/?, nigra, and corresponding with the defcription given of it in the FI. fuec. St. Ballota alba. Linn, according to Mr. Hudfon, which it may poffibly be as in the Syft. veg. he exprcffes a doubt whether it may not be a variety of B. nigra. St. [Near Hammerfmitb, on the road fide. Mr. Woodward. — Norwich. Mr. Crowe — and Stafford. St.] 1 779. MAR- . I * • . • < I HI. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. 779. MARRU'BIUM. Horehound, Empal. Cup i leaf; funnel-fhaped ; tubular; with 10 l’cores. Rim equal ; open; generally with io teeth; alternately fmaller. Bloss. i petal; gaping. 'Tube cylindrical. Border open. Mouth long ; tubular. Upper Lip upright ; narrow; (harp; cloven a little way down. Lower Lip broad- er : reflected ; with 3 (hallow fegments ; the middle fegment broad ; notched at the end ; the lateral feg- ments (harp. Uhives. Threads 4 ; 2 long and 2 (hort ; (horter than the bloffom ; covered by the upper lip. Tips (irnple. Point. Seed-bud with 4 clefts. Shaft thread-draped ; agreeing in length and {ituation with the chives. Summit cloven. . o. Vess. none. The Cup clofed at the neck, but open at the rim, contains the feeds. •Seeds 4; rather oblong. Ess. Char . Empalement falver-Jhaped ; fliff ; with so [cores. Upper lip of the bloffom cloven; (Irap-Jhaped ; Jlraight. * Empalements with 10 teeth. ( MARRU'BIUM vulga're, . Teeth of the empale- white ment briftle-lhaped, hooked. — . Ludw. 145. — Riv.mon. 66. 1, Marrubium alb. — Blackw. 479. — • Ger. 561. 1. — Fuchf. 590, ill cop. in J. B. iii. 316. — Matth. 828. — Lonic. i. no. 2. — Trag. 8. 2. — Cluj. ii. 34. 1, repr. in Dod. 87. 1, Lob. obf. 278.3; ic. i. 517. 2, Ger. em. 693. 1, and cop. in Park. 44, and Pet. 32. 3. — H. ox. xi. 9. row 3* 1 • Whole plant white with down. Lower-ledves roundifh, wrinkled, with thick veins beneath; upper-leaves fomewhat egg-fhaped. Mr. Wo dward. — Leaves wrinkled, hoary. Empal. woolly, fringed an the infide at the bo.ttomof the teeth with woolly haifs. Blofs. :617 6 1 8 DID YNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. principal ingredient in the Negro Caefar's remedy for vegetable poifons. — A young man, who had occalion to take mercurial me- dicines, was thrown into a falivation, which continued for more than a year. Every method that was tried to remove it, rather in- creased the complaint. At length Linnaeus prefcribed an infufion of this plant, and the patient got well in a Short time. Hordes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats refufe it. 780. LEONU'RUS. Motherwort. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; cylindrical; but angular; with 5 edges, and 5 teeth ; permanent. Bloss. 1 petal ; gaping. ‘Tube narrow. Border opening with a long mouth. Upper Lip the longeft ; femi- cylindrical ; concave; hunched; roundilh and blunt at the end ; entire; covered with foft hairs. Lower Lip reflefted; with 3 divilions. Segments fpear- Shaped ; nearly equal. Chives. Threads 4 ; 2 long and 2 Short ; covered by the upper lip. Lips oblong ; comprelfed ; cloven half way down ; fixed fideways to the threads ; fprinkled with very fmall, folid, firming, elevated, globular particles. Point. Seed-buds 4. length and fituation with the chives. Summits cloven ; (harp. S. Vess. none. The Cup remaining unchanged contains the feed within it. Seeds 4; oblong; convex on one fide ; angular on the other. Ess. Char. Tips ' fprinkled vuith Jhining dots. « I common LEONU'RUS Cardi'aca. Stem-'leaves fpear-fhaped, with 3 lobes. — Ludw. 5. — FI. dan. 727. — Riv. mon. 20. .1, Cardiaca. — Blackw. 1 75. — Dad. 94, repr. iq Lob. obf. 278. 1, ic. i. 516. 1, Gcr. cm. 705, and cop. in Park. 42. 7. — Ger. 569. — Fuchf. 395. — Lonic. i. no. 3. — H. ox. xi. 9. 18. Stem with fpreading branches, the joints, and comers downy. Flower-leaves 2 at the bafe of each whorl, wredge-fhaped, with 3 lobes, pointed. Whorls computing a kind of interrupted fpike. Flowers about 20 in a whorl, fitting, crowded. Fences of feveral leaves, ftrap-awl-fhaped, thorter than the evnpalements. Empal. awned, i Shaft thread-firaped ; agreeing in II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. awned, the 3 upper fegments fhorter, nearly upright, diverging; the 2 lowermoft longer, fomewhat bent down. Blojs. tube bowed, frnooth; upper lip egg-fhaped, rough with long white hairs on the outfide; lower lip‘ with 3 clefts, the lateral fegments narrow, rolled back. Seed-bud with 4 divifions, fmooth, bearded at the point. Tips, globules white, fometimes wanting. Chives after fhedding their duft bent towards the lides of the bloflom as in the Stachys. Relhan. — Stem and branches quadrangular, hairy at the edges. Leaves oppolite, on long hairy leaf-ftalks; the lower ferrated, (lightly hairy and dark green above, beneath hairy and pale green ; the upper iefs and lefs lobed, till at length only toothed, and fre- quently entire. Whorls in the bofom of the leaves. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, 1 at the bafe of each outer flower on each fide of the whorl. Empal. teeth ending in fharp awns. Blojs. upper lip very hairy without, fmooth within; the lower fmooth, pale purple. Mr. Woodward. — Stem hollow. Leaves wrinkled. Empalement befet with white fhining glands. Blojs. tube thick; upper lip red within, white without; lower lip dotted within; the lateral fegments rolled back, the middle one doubled together. Chives after flow- ering turned to the fides as in the Stachys. Tips brown, partly co- vered on the outer fide with white opaque globules which look like enamel, but are not of a bony hardnefs. With. Motherwort. Hedges, and on rubbifh and dunghills. [Ditchingham, Norf. in a hedge, and on an adjoining bank, in a gravelly foil. When growing on dunghills it fliofild feem to be the refufe of gardens. Mr. Woodward.] B. Linn, and Hwds. P. Relh. June. — Aug. The leaves have a ftrong, but not an agreeable fmell, and a bitter tafte. Goats, Sheep, and Horfes eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Swine refufe it. 620 didynamia gymnospermia. 783. CLINOPO'DIUM. Bafilweed.* Empal. Fence of many briflle-fhaped leaves, as long as the cup ; placed under the whorls. Cup 1 leaf; cylin- drical ; a little curved. Mouth with 2 lips. Upper Lip broad ; with 3 fegments ; (harp ; reflefted. Lower Lip deeply divided ; (lender ; bent inwards. Bloss. 1 petal; gaping. 'Tube fhort ; gradually widening into a mouth. Upper Lip upright; concave ; blunt ; notched. Lower Lip with 3 fegments; blunt. Middle Segment broad ; notched. Chives. Threads 4; 2 long and 2 fhort ; covered by the upper lip. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud with 4 divifions. Shaft thread-fhaped ; agreeing in length and fituation with the chives. Summits fimple ; (harp ; comprelfed. S. Vess. none. The Cup, doling at the neck, and fwel- ling out in the body, contains the feeds. Seeds 4; egg-fhaped. Ess. Char. Fence tenth many -whorls. round-headed CLINOPO'DIUM vulga're. Heads roundifh, rough with hair. Floral-leaves briftle-fhaped. — Cluf. i. 354. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 263. 2, repr. in ic. i. 504. 2, Cer. em. 675. 2, and cop. in Park. 22. 4, H. ox. xi. 8. row i. 1, and Pet. 32.9. — Riv. men. 43. 1, Clinopodium. — Trag. 36. 2, cop. in Lonic. i, 1 18. 1. — Matth. 814, cop. in Lonic. ii. 21. 1. Leaves heart-egg-fhaped, fcolloped, on leaf-ftalks. Blofs. reddifh purple; tube long; upper lip nicked, the lower Lolloped. Rei.h. — Whole plant hairy. Heads exceedingly hairy. Empalement with 13 Lores. Mr. Hollef. — Stems fquare, hairy, reddiili. Leaves egg-fhaped, ferrated, fonretimes nearly entire, on fhort leaf-ftalks. Flowers many on one branched fruit-ftalk. Floral-leaves hairy. , Empal. tube hairy. Blofs. bright purplifh red. Mr. Woodward. Clinopodium Matthioli. Clus. hift. (St.) Wild Bafil. — Meadows, hedges, and dry paftures, efpecially in .3 calcareous foil. * P.July. Goats and Sheep eat it. Horfes refufe it. t t * Ocymum is the true Bafil. St. briflles ; placed beneath the 784. O R I G'4’ II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. 6 784. ORIG'ANUM. Marjoram. Empal. Fence fpiked ; tiled with Floral-leaves ; egg-fhapcd; coloured. Cup unequal ; various. Bloss. 1 petal; gaping. Tube cylindrical ; comprelTed. Upper Lip upright ; flat ; blunt ; notched at the end. Lower Lip with 3 fegments ; nearly equal. Chives. Threads 4 ; 2 long and 2 fhort ; thread-fhaped; as long as, the bloflom. Tips Ample. Point. Seed-bud with 4 clefts. Shaft thread-fhaped ; leaning towards the upper lip of the blofs. Summits flightly cloven. S.Vess. none. The Cup cloflng a little contains the feeds. Seeds 4; egg-draped. Ess. Char. The empal. collected bito a fpiked /^-cornered Cone. Obs. The fence to the cups conftitutes its eflential character. The cup, in fome fpecies, is nearly equal; with 5 teeth : In others, it confifts of 2 lips ; the upper lip large and entire; the lower lip hardly perceptible : in others again, the cup is formed of £ leaves. ORI G'ANU M vulga're. Spilces round idi, panicled, wild cluftered. Floral-leaves egg-lhaped longer than the empalements. — Ludw. 90. — Riv. mon. 60. 1, Origanum. — Gcr. 541. 4. — Malik. 701, imitatedin Dod. 205. 2, repr. in Lob. obf 263. 1 ; ic. i. 492. 2, Ger. em. 6G6. 4, and cnp. in Fork. 12. 6, abridged in H. ox. xi. 3. 12, and Pet. 34. 8. — Biackw. 280. — Fuchf. 552, cop. in J. B. iii. 236, abridged in Trag. 36. 1, and Lome. i. 1 18. 2. — FI. dan. 638, ill done. < Stem i£- foot high, hairy, purplifh, 4-oornered. Leaves egg- fhaped, hairy. Flowers purple, woolly at the mouth. Floral-leaves coloured. Re lh. — Stem a little woolly, often coloured. Leaves egg- heart-fhaped; very flightly ferrated, oppofite, dotted, more or lefs hairy. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, coloured. Empalement nearly equal; mouth elofed with briftly hairs, which at firft lie parallel to the fides, but when the bloflom falls off they Hand out doling up the mouth; without befet with fhort fine hairs, and minute white fhining globules. IUofs. very pale red, hairy; the middle fegment rather longer than the reft. Chives equal, longer than the bloffoit, but fometimes very fhort, fixed to the top of the bloflom. Shaft longer than the bloflom. Leaves oval, pointed, on fhort }eaf-ftalks, dark green. Blojfoms purple. With. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 622- Wild or Field Marjoram . Thickets and hedges, in a calcareous foil. [Catton, near Norwich. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. The whole plant is a warm aromatic. The dried leaves, ufed in Read of tea, are exceedingly grateful; the efiential oil of this plant is fo acrid, that it may be confidered as a cauftic, and is much ufed with that intention by farriers. A little cotton wool moiftened with it, and put into the hollow of an aching tooth, frequently relieves the pain. The country people ufe the tops to dye purple. — Goats and Sheep eac it. Horfes are not fond of it. Cows refufe it. pot ORIG'ANUM oni'tes * Spikes oblong, incorpo- rated, hairy. Leaves heart-fhaped, cottony. — Lob. obf. 264. 2, repr. in ic. i. 494. 2, Ger. em. 664. 2, and cop. in Park. 12. 4, and H. ox. xi. 3. g. Habit of the 0. marjorana, but woody. Stems with long open hairs. Leaves fmall, nearly fitting, pointed, but rarely ferrated, cottony on both fides, with rudiments of branches from their bo- foms. Spikes cluttered as in the 0. marjorana, but oblong, woolly, 3 on each fruit-ftalk, the middlemoft fitting. Flowers white. Linn. Winter or Pot Marjoram. Dry meadows. On the left of the road from Braintree to Raine beyond the bridge. Dale in R. fyn. P. Aug. * Mr. Hudfon does not inform us whether he has ever found it growing wild. In the figures above referred to, and which are cited in the FI. angl. the leaves are egg, not hcart-Jhapcd. They appear to me to be no other than 0. mulgare , or at lead that variety, if it be one, which is cultivated in our gardens, and which is clearly the plant intended by Ger. and Park, who, though they call it anglica, fpeak of it only as a cultivated plant. Linnaeus too is doubtful whether his plant be the 0. Onitcs of C. B. fo that our claim to this fpecies feems rather lefs than dubious, St. 785. THY'MUS. II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. 785. T H Y'M U S. Thyme. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; cloven half way down into 2 lips; permanent. Mouth clofed by foft hairs. Upper Lip broad ; flat ; upright; with 3 teeth. Lower Ltp like 2 briftles; of equal length. Bloss. i petal; gaping, ’tube as long as the cup. Mouth fmall. Upper Lip fhort ; flat ; upright ; notched at the end; blunt. Lower Lip long; expanding; broad; with 3 fegments ; blunt. Middle Segment broadeft. Chives. Threads 4; 2 long and 2 fhort ; crooked. Tips fmall. Point. Seed-bud with 4 divifions. Shaft thread-draped. Summit cloven ; fharp. S. Vess. none. The Cup narrow at the neck inclofes the feeds . Seeds 4; fmall; roundifla. Ess. Char. Empalement with 2 lips; mouth clofed by foft hairs. THY'MUS ferpyl'lum. Flowers in heads. Stems common creeping. Leaves flat, blunt, fringed at the bafe. — a.. Ludw. 121. — Vaill. 32. g and 7. — Curt. ii. 13. — Cluf. i. 359. 1, repr. in Dod. 277. 1, Lob. obf. 230. 2, ic. i. 423. 2, Cer. em. 570. 1, and cop. in Park. 8. 10, Pet. 31.1, andH. ox. xi. 17. row 1. 1. — Fuchf. 251, improved inj. R. iii. 269. — Blackw. 418. — Matth. 725 — Riv. mon. 42. 2, Serpyll. f. minore. — Gcr. 455. 1 and 2. — Louie . i. ng. 1. Empal. teeth fringed. Chives as long as the blofTom. Linn. — Threads , thofe inferted below the upper lip fhorter than the tube, thefe below the under lip longer than the tube. Mr. Hollefear. — Stems woody, nearly cylindrical. Leaves oblong-egg-fhaped, very entire, with hollow dots on both furfaces, fringed at the bafe with a few fine white hairs. Empalement coloured, with a circle of white hairs running round the infide at the bafe of the fegments, which, while the plant is in flower, lye flat to the fides of the em- palement, but when the bloffom falls off expanding clofe up its mouth. With. Mother of Thyme. Wild Thyme. Heaths and mountainous places. P. July. Aug. The whole plant is fragrant, and yields an eflential oil that is very heating. An infufion of the leaves removes the head-ach oc- cafioned by the debauch of the preceding evening. A general opinion 1 6 24 whitefloAver’d large flowered broad- leaved Lemon fmooth hoary flirubby fcentlefs Baft DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. opinion prevails, that the flefh of Sheep, that feed upon aromatic plants, particularly upon Thyme, is much fuperior in flavour to common mutton; but Mr. Bowles, the ingenious author of the account of the Sheep-walks in Spain, (Gent. Mag. 1764,,) confiders this as a vulgar error. He fays, Sheep are not fond of aromatic plants; that they will carefully pufh afide the Thyme to get ad the grafs growing beneath it; and that they never touch it, unlefs when walking apace, and then they will catch at any thing. The attachment of bees ,to this and other aromatic plants is well known. — Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine refufedt. The Phalcena papilionaria lives upon it. fi. Huds. Bloflbms white. 7. Huns. Bloflbms large. Vaill. 32. 8. — Riv. mon 42. 3, Serpyllum. — Pet. 31. 2. Serpylli vulgaris feemdum genus . R. fyn. 230. — Serpyll. vulg. Jlore amplo. Vaill. t. 32. f. 8. /3. Linn. Larger. Leaves broad. Ger. 456. 3. — Lob. ic. i. 424. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 573. 7, cop. in park. 7. 7, and Pet. 31. 3. — Ger. em. 570. 3. Okey Hole, Somerfetfhire. Serpyllum vulgare majus. R. fyn. 231. a Leaves with the fcent of lemon peel. Cluj. i. 359. 2, repr. in Dod. 277. 2, Ger. em. 571. 7, and cop. in Park. 8. g, and J. B. 270^1. — Ger. 458. 2. — Pet. 31.4. Is ufed in fauces. 4 Leaves riarrow, fmooth. Sheldr. 52. — (Park. 8. 9, is i.J Bo.xly Hill, by Kitt’s Coffee-houfe. n Differs from a in the hairinefs of the leaves. Ray. Vaill. 32. 6. — Riv. mon. 42. 1, Serp. vmt. hirjut. Gogmagog Hills, and other barren places. 3 More flirubby. Hairy. Bloflbms pale red. Ray. Pafturcs on the fummit of y Wydhva, Caernarvonfhive, and on Snowdon. ‘ St. Hairy, final!, creeping, fcentlefs. Pluk. Serpyll. hirjut. min. rep. inodorum. R. fyn. 331. Ireland. THY'MUS A'ctna r. Flowers in whorls, 1 upon each fruit -flalk . Stems upright, fomewhat branched. Leaves pointed, ferrated. Linn. — Stems afeending. Leaves 1 00 th-fer rated. Empal. bellying out* at the bafe. Curt. * Rather hunched, (gibbjs.j St. Curt. I II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. Curt. i. 1 1 . — Riv. man . 43. 2, Acinos.—Cluf. i. 354. 1, repr. in Dod. 280, Lob. obf. 270. 2, ic. i. 5 06. 1, Ger. m. 675. 1, and cop. in Park. 21. 1, H. ox. xi. i3. row 1. 1, and Pet. 32. 1 o.—Fuchf. 896, cop. inj. B. iii. 259, and Lonic. i- 116. 3. — FI. tfoi. 814, hairs wanting. — Trag. 37. — Ger. 548. 1. — MaWfi. 815. Stems amending. Leaves in diftant pairs. Mr. Woodward. — Plant hairy. Empalement fcored, at the fore part at the bafe inflated, about the middle contracted, and then dilating into the lower lip. Mr. Hollefear. — The middle fegment of the lower lip of the bjoflom notched at the end. Blofjbms purple. Wild Bafil. Dry hills, and on chalk and gravel. [Not unfr.equent in Norf. Mr. Woodward.— and Surry. St.] A. July. Aug. Horfes eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Sheep and Goats refute it. 786. METIS'S A. Baum. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; fomewhat bell-fhaped ; dry and ikinny ; a little expanding ; angular ; fcored ; per- manent. Mouth with 2 lips. Upper Lip with 3 teeth; reflected ; expanding; flat. Lower Lip (hort ; rather pointed; divided. Bloss. 1 petal: gaping. Tube cylindrical. Mouth open. Upper Lip fhort; upright; vaulted; roundifh; notched at the end. Lower Lip with 3 fegments; the middle one largeft ; inverfely heart-fhaped. Chives. Threads 4 ; awl-fhaped ; 2 as long as the blofs. the other 2 but half as long. Tips frnall; handing together in pairs. Point. Seed-bud with 4 clefts. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the blolfom ; leaning along with the chives under the upper lip of the bioffom. Summits {lender ; cloven; reflected. S. Vess. none. The Cup unchanged, but enlarging con- tains the feeds. Seeds 4; egg-fhaped. . Ess. Char. Empalement dry; fattifh above; upper Up nearly flat-topped * Blofs. upper lip fomewhat vaulted ; cloven; middle lobe of the loxver lip heart-fhaped. * “ Labio fuperiore fubfaJUgiato.” Our author means, I apprehend, that tits teeth of the upper lip rife nearly to an equal height. St. MELIS'SA \ 6 26 Calamint \ ' J Woods and hedges. Several woods in the Weft of England; about Totnefs, Devonfhire; and Haverford-weft, Pembrokefh. New Forefl, Hants. P. June. 1 792. SCUTELLA'RIA ' / I II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. 792. SCUTELLA'RIA. Skul-cap. (Hill.) '■ Empal. Cup 1 leaf; veryfhort; tubular. Rim almoft entire ; covered by a fcale ; lying over it like a lid ; which is formed by an expanfion of the upper part of the cup. Bloss. 1 petal, gaping. "Tube very fhort ; bent back- wards. Mouth long ; comprefled, Upper Lip con- cave; divided into 3 fegments. Middle fegment concave ; notched at the end. Lateral fegments flat ; rather pointed ; placed under the middle fegment. Lower Lip broad ; notched at the end ; keeled be- neath. Chives, "threads 4 ; 2 long and 2 fhort ; concealed under the upper lip. tips fmall. Point. Seed-bud with 4 divifions. Shaft thread-draped ; agreeing in length and fltuation with the chives. Summit Ample ; crooked ; taper. S. Vess. none. The Cup 3-cornered ; covered with a lid refembling a helmet ; anfwering the purpole of a capfule ; and opening at the lower margin. : Seeds 4 ; roundifh. Ess. Char. Empal. mouth entire; clofed after flowering ; covered with a lid. Obs. This genus unites the prunella to the Dracocephalum, but is abundantly diftinguifhable from all others by its Angular and beautiful empalement, which, incloflng the feeds as a feed-veflel, refembles, in its external appearance, a helmet with its creft. SCUTELLA'RIA galericula'ta. Leaves heart-fpear- flraped, fcolloped. Flowers from the bofom of the leaves. Curt. iii. 26. — Riv. mon. 77. 1, Scutellaria. — Blackxv. 516. — Wale. — FI. dan. 637. — H. ox. xi. 20. row 3. 6. — Lob. obf. 186. 3, repr. in ic. i. 344. 2. — Dod. 93. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 477. 10, and cop. in Park. 221, and improved in Pet. 34. 10. Stem nearly fmooth. Leaves nearly fnrooth, fcolloped at the bafe, entire upwards. Flowers hairy on the outAde. Mr. Woonw. ; On fruit-ftalks, pendant. Blcffoms blue, hairy on the outAde. Chives and pointal white. Tips purple. Branches numerous, oppoAte. Hooded Willowherb. Banks of rivers, and edges of ponds. P. Aug. When the bloflbm falls off, the cup clofes upon the feeds; which, when ripe, being Hill fmallcr than the cup, could not pol- Vol. II. T t Ably DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA libly open its mouth, or overcome its elaftic force, as the dow of the feeds do in the compound flowers, and mud confequent remain ufelefs without a poflibility of efcaping. But nature, ev< full of refources, finds a method to difcHrge them. The cu grows dry, and then divides into 2 diftinct pails : fit that the feed already detached from the receptacle, fall to the ground. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Horfes and Swine refufe it SCUTELLA'RIA minor. Leaves heart-ege fhaped, almoft quite entire. Flowers from the bofom c the leaves. — 1 Curt. iv. 43. — Ger. em. 581.3, cop. in Park. 220. 4, H. ox. x 20. row 3. 8,- and Pet. 34. 1 1. — Ger. 466. 2. Very nearly allied to the S. galeriailata and hyjfopifolia. Lin*n\- Had Linnaeus frequently feenthis plant growing, he would hardi have made this remark. Curt. St. — Blojs. in a Angle plant blue Curt. — Very fmali and (lender. Leaves egg- fhaped, with 1 or fcollops at the bate, the reft entire. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves little ferrated towards the bafe, flightly hairy. Leaj-Jialks vet fhort. Flowers in pairs, all pointing one way. Fruit-Jlalks fhor; Empalefnent with 2 lips, but very flightly cloven ; upper lip with a fls ridge running acrofs it, which, when the blofiom falls, enlarge: and prefling down the upper lip, clofes the mouth of the empale ment, giving it the appearance of a helmet; middle fegment ra ther fhorter, nearly flat; lower lip broad, rather reflected, but nei ther notched at the end nor keeled beneath. Blojs. reddifh purple the lower lip mottled within with deeper coloured fpots. 'Tip white. Summit flightly cloven. Seeds rough with fmali tubercles With. f Boggy places and fides of lakes. P. July. Aug I. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS NAKED. 793. PRUNEL'LA. Selfheal. Zmpal. Cap 1 leaf; with 2 lips; mouth fhort ; perma- nent. Upper Lip flat ; broad ; lopped ; with 3 very fmall teeth. Lower Lip upright ; narrow; (harp; with a fhallow cleft. 3loss. 1 petal; gaping. Tube fhort ; cylindrical. Mouth , ” " cave; entire; nodding. Lower with 3 fegments ; the middle fegment broad eft ; notched at the end : ferrated. Chives. Threads 4; 2 a little longer than the other 2; awl-fhaped ; forked at the end. Tips Ample ; fixed to the threads beneath the top ; and only to One of the divifions of the fork. ’Point. Seed-bud with 4 divifions. Shaft thread-fhaped ; leaning along with the chives towards the upper lip. Summit notched at the end. •5. Vess. none. The Cup clofes and contains the feeds. Seeds 4 ; fomewhat egg-fihaped. Ess. Char. Threads forked ; one of the arms fupporting the tip. Summit cloven. Obs. The threads have a tooth at the end as in Cr ainbe, and not at the bafe as in Atyjfum and Ocymum. PRUNEL'LA vulga'ris. All the leaves egg-oblong, Terrated, on leaf-ftalks. — Curt. iv. 38. — Ludw. 19. — Blackw. 24. — Mill. 6g. 2. — Dod. 136. i, repr. in Lob. obf. 251.3, ic. i. 474. 2, Ger. m. 632. 1, and cop. in Park. 1680. 1, H. ox. xi. 5. row 1. i.f. 4, and Pet. 32. 11. — Wale. — Riv. mon. 29. 1, Brunella. — Ger. 507. 1. — Fuchf. 621, cop. inf. B. iii. 428. 2, and Trag. 310. — Mattk. 963- In open funny fituations it grows trailing, and not above a fin- f ger ’s length, but in woods it is upright, and near a foot high. Linn. — Floral-leaves heart-fhaped, membranaceous, whitifh, • with parallel greenilh fcores. Bergius. — Empal. lips coloured; I the lower cloven, the fegments taper-pointed. Relhan. — Flower- leaves heart-fpear-fhaped. Empalement coloured above; lower lip with 2 or 3 fhallow clefts. Mr. Hollefear. — Whole plant thinly fet with hairs. Leaves oppofite. Floral-leaves ribbed, edged with • purple and fringed. F.mpal. upper lip with 7 ribs; lower lip with 2 I fpear-fhaped fegments, each marked with 3 lines, and ferrated Tta with 632 DIDYNAMIA ANG IO S P ER M I A. with fhort flifF hairs. Blojs. upper lip (lightly notched at the end; lower lip, middle fegment jagged. Summit, fegments rolled back. Floral-leaves heart-(haped. Blojs. blue, purplifh, or white. With. Selfkeal. — Meadows and paftures. P. Aug. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Horfes are not fond of it. Order II. ANGIOSPERMIA; SEEDS COVERED. 797. BART'SIA. Painted-cup. I Em pal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; permanent. Mouth blunt •; cloven. Segments notched at the end ; points co- loured. Bloss. 1 petal; gaping. Upper Lip upright; {lender; entire ; long. Lower Lip reflected ; with 3 fegments ; blunt ; very fmall. Chives. Threads 4 ; 2 a little fhorter than the other 2 ; briftle-fhaped ; as long as the upper lip. Tips ob- long; approaching; handing under the top of the upper lip. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; longer than the chives. Summit blunt ; nodding. S.Vess. Capfule egg-fhaped ; compreffed ; taper; with 2 cells and 2 vaives ; partition oppofite to the valves. Seeds numerous ; angular; fmall. Ess. Char. Empalement with 2 lobes; nicked; coloured . Blofs. lefs coloured than the empalement ; upper lip longer. Capf. cells 2. Linn. — Empalement with 2 cloven lobes. Blofs. upper lip upright ; concave ; nicked; longer; lower lip bent back with 3 clefts ; fegments blunt ; nearly equal. Capf. egg-Jhaped; compreffed; cells and valves 2. Huds. Obs. This genus is a fort of connecting link between the Rhi- nanthus, Euphrafta, and Pedicularis. Linn. — If the coloured em- palements were admitted as an eflential generic maik, half the order mud be placed in it. Mr. Woodward. marfh B ART'S I A vifco'fa. Upper-leaves alternate, ferrated. Flowers diftant, lateral. — Lightf. II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS COVERED. 633 Light/. 14. at p. 321.— Ger. 85, Pluk. 27. 5, cop. in Pet. 36. 6.— Barr. 665. Stem cylindrical, Ample. Leaves fitting, fpear-Aiaped, Amply fer- rated, {lightly hairy. Flowers Angle, from the bofom of the leaves, on fhort fruit-ftalks. Empalement very large, as long as the blofs. with 5 deep divifions; fegments fpear-fhaped, clammy. Blojfoms yellow. M r. Woodward. Marfhes in Cornwall and Devonfhire; about Latham, near Ormfkirk, Lancafhire; and about’Ardencaple in the vicinity of Loch-Gyle, near Loch Long, in the diftriht of Cowal, ArgyleAi. {Com Aelds, near Plengwarry, and Cofgame, Cornwall. Mr. Watt.] a- Ju17- Aug- « ' BART’SIA Leaves oppofite, heart-fhaped, mountain bluntly ferrated. — FI. dan. 43 .—Pluk. 163. 5.— Pen. in Cluj. ii. 343 —(!• B- 289. 2, is a different plant. J Leaves heart-fpear-ihaped. Flowers in a fhort terminating fpike. Mr. Woodward. — Blojfoms in leafy fpikes, purple. Banks of rivers in rough funny places. Near a rivulet near Orton, in crofting the road to Croiby, Weftmorel. Ra v. Huds. Sheep and Goats eat it. B AR T 'S I A Odonti'tes. Upper-leaves alternate, fpear- red fhaped, ferrated. Flowers in bunches, pointing one way. Huds. Euphrafia Odontites, which fee. If it differs from Euphrafia officinalis in the fegments of the lower lip of the bloffom not being entire, it agrees in the Arudture of the empalement and the hairs of the tips, in both which circumftances it differs from the Bartfia. St. T t 3 798. RHI- $34 DID YNAMIA ANGIO SPERM IA. 798. RHINAN'THUS. Rattle. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; roundifh ; bladder-fhaped ; com- preffed ; with 4 teeth ; permanent. Bloss. 1 petal ; gaping. 'Tube fomewhat cylindrical ; as long as the cup. Border open ; compreffed at the bafe. Upper Lip draped like a helmet ; compreffed ; notched ; narrow. Lower Lip open ; flat ; with 3 flight fegments; blunt; the middle fegment the broadeft. Chives. Threads 4 ; 2 long and 2 fnort ; nearly as long as the upper lip which conceals them. Tips fixed Tide- ways to the threads ; cloven at one end ; hairy. Point. Seed-bud egg-draped ; compreffed. Shaft thread- draped ; agreeing in fituation with the chives, but longer. Summit blunt ; bent inwards. S.Vess. Capfule blunt ; upright; compreffed; cells 2; valves 2 ; partition oppofite to the valves ; opening at the edges. Seeds many; compreffed. Ess. Char. Empaleinent bellying ; clefts 4. Capf. cells 2; blunt ; nicked. yellow RHINAN'THUS Crif'ta gal'li. Upper lip of the bloffom compreffed and fhorter. — Riv. man. 92. 2, Crijlagalli. — Dod. 556. 1, repr. iu Lob. obf. 285. 2, ic. i. 329. 2, Gcr. em. 1071. 1, and cop. in Park. 713. 2, FI. ox. xi. 23. row 2. 1, and Pet. 36. 2. — Wale. — J. B. iii. 436. 3. — Ger. 912. Empalement equal, with 4 clefts. Capfule bordered at the edge. Seeds inclofed by a loofe membrane. Linn. — Stems 4-cornered, fmooth. Leaves fitting, oppofite, fpear-fhaped, ferrated, fmooth. Fruit-Jlalks from the bofom of the leaves, folitary, flrort. Empale- ment very large, with 2 lips, lips cloven. Blofs. yellow; tube cy- lindrical, widening below; lower lip rolled in at the edge. Relh. — Stem upright, ftiff. Leaves oppofite, bluntly fpear-fhaped, fit- ting, with parallel ribs terminating in the ferratures, fmoothifh above, dotted with glands and flightly hairy beneath. Flowers on. fhort fruit-ftalks, folitary, forming a kind of terminating fpike. Mr. Wo odward. — Stems nearly 4-cornered, with dark purple Rains. Leaves in pairs, oppofite, fitting, fpear-fhaped, ferrated, above dark green and rough, beneath grey with a curious network of green veins. Blofs. yellow; upper lip tipped wit,h a dirty blue. Shaft 1 JI. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS COVERED. ■'Shaft white, but juft below the fummit dark blue. Summit yellow- ifh green, {lightly notched. Seed-bud furrounded at the bafe by a iinembranacecus honey-cup, and in the front a fhort, thick, crooked, horn-fhaped gland. The feeds, when ripe, rattle in the capiulcs, whence its Englilh name. With. ieilaa Rattle. Penny -grafs. Coxcomb. Cockfccmb. Meadows and paiture. A. June. July. Horfes, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Cows refufe it. Linn. — Blofibms fmaller; lower lip purple: Lightf. Cornfields between Wetherby and Catail, and near Buriough- jj ridge, Yorkfhire, and W. Newton, Northumberland. Ray. 799. EUPHRA'SIA. Eyebright. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; cylindrical; clefts 4; unequal; per- manent. Linn.— Tubular ;;;bell-fhaped; angular* ftraight; fegments taper-pointed ; equal. Huns. Bloss. 1 petal; gaping. Tube as long as the cup.^ Upper Lip concave; notched at the end. Lower i^ip ex- panding; divided into 3 fegments which are equal, blunt. Linn. — With 3 fhaliow clefts ; fegments un- equal; cloven; the middlemoft the largeff. Huns. Chives. Threads 4; thread-fhaped ; leaning under the upper lip. Tips, lobes 2 ; the lower lobe ol the lower tips pointed with a. thorn- Linn. Cloven at the bafe ; lobes awn-taper-pointed at the bale. Huds. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; agree- ing in fhape and fituation with the chives. Summit blunt; entire. Linn. — Seed-bud oblong. Summit knobbed. Huds. S.Vess. Capfule egg-oblong; compreffed ; cells 2. Linn — Capfule oblong; 4-cornered at the bafe; compreUed and nicked at the top ; valves, the partition place contrarywife to the valves ; opening at the edges. Huds. Seeds numerous ; veryfmall; roundifh. Linn, oblong. Huds. Ess. Char. Empalement cylindrical ; clefts 4. Capfule egg- oblong; cells 2. One of the lobes of the lower tips with a thorn at the bafe. EUPHRA'SIA officinaTis. Leaves egg-fhaped, ftreaked, fharply toothed.— ' Tn ‘ Sheldr. 635 common / DID YNAMIA AN GIOSPERMIA red Sheldr. 48. — Wale. — Ludw. 135. — Riv. vion. go. 1, Euphrafia. — H. ox. xi. 24. 1. b. — Matth. 1022, cop. in Ger. 537. x, and in Dod. 54. 3, zvhich rcpr. in Lob. obf. 261. 1, ic. i. 491. 1, Ger. em. 663, and cop. in Park. 1329. 1, andH. ox. xi. 24. 1. a. — Fuchf. 247, cop. in Trag. 238, and J. B. iii. 432. 3. — Blackw. 427. The lower lobes of the lower Tips terminate in a thorn which bends the filament to one fide. Linn. — Bloffom, lower lip , feg- ments nicked at the end. Mr. Hollef. — Stems reddifh. Branches in oppofite pairs. Leaves fitting, moftly oppofite. Empalement with 5 fiat fides and 5 corners, but fegments rarely 5, unequal, fpear-fhaped, dark purple at the ends, and with a few dark pur- ple globular glands ftrevved on the outfide. Blofs. tube rather crooked, a little hairy, and flained with yellow; upper Up ftreaked with a few purple lines, cloven into 2, fegments ending in 3 teeth; lower lip, fegments cloven at the end, with a very fmall tooth in the cleft, the lateral fegments with 3 purple lines, the middle one with a yellow blotch. Tips brown, with a few white hairs on the lower part where they open. Seed-bud a little hairy at the top. Summit fringed with very minute glands round the edge. Seed-vejfel llightly notched at the end, a little hairy towards the top, and marked with black dots. Seeds egg-fhaped. Blojfoms bluifh white, with purple ftreaks. With. Dry barren meadows and paftures. A. July. — Sept. [But, ou Arthur’s Seat, near Edinburgh, I have found it in bloflom in the beginning of May, in great plenty, but with ftems from I to if inch high. It is, perhaps, variety /3, but I have not Dillenius to confult. Leaves bluntly ferrated. St.] It is a weak aftringent, and was formerly in repute as a remedy for impaired vifion. It will not grow but when furrounded by plants taller than itfelf. Cows, Horfes, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Swine refufe it. EUPHRA'SIA Odonti'tes. Leaves ftrap-fhaped, all ferrated. — Curt. i. 1 1. — FI. dan. 625, a branch. — Riv. mon. 90. 2, Odontites. — Dod. 55, cop. in Lob. obf. 261. 2, ic. i. 496.2, Ger. em. gi. 2, and cop. in Park. 1329.3, H. ox. xi. 24. 10, and Pet. 36. 4.— -Ger. 85. Tips as thofe of £. officinalis. Linn. — Blofs. very different from that of the former; helmet compreffed, fcarcely nicked; lower lip, lobes 3, fhorter than the helmet, equal, lopped, minutely fcol- loped. Tips, all the lobes thorny at the points, and bearded at the bafe. Leers. — Blofs. lower lip, fegments very entire. Mr. Hollefear.— * | III. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS COVERED. Hollefear .—Plant frequently red. Stem much branched, (tiff, t Flowers on fhort Truit-ftalks, in pairs, or lingle, on one fide of *he ftem. Mr. Woodward.— Stem 4-cornered, rough. Branches in oppofite pairs. Leaves fitting, oppofite, rough. Flowers point- iing one way, forming long, terminating, leafy bunches. Empal. Ihairy without. Blofs. hairy; upper lip (lightly notched at the end; ‘lower lip, middle fegment (lightly indented at the end. Threads i flatted. The lobes of all the Tips ending at the bafe in fhort taper I points, and between the lobes are a number of white club-(haped tfubftances. Seed-bud compreffed, hairy, furrounded and (heathed .at the bafe by a (kinny membrane. Shaft mod hairy towards the i bottom. Summit knobbed. Leaves fometimes reddifh. Blojfoms ,du(ky red, or purple. With. Corn fields and paftures. A. July. Sept. Cows, Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. 800. ME LAM PY' RUM. Cowgrafs.* „ % Empal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; with 4 (hallow clefts. Seg- ments (lender ; permanent. Bloss. 1 petal; gaping. Tube oblong ; bent back. Border. compreffed. Upper Lip helmet-lhaped ; comprelfed ; notched at the end ; lateral margins bent back. Lower Lip flat ; upright ; as long as the upper ; with 3 (hallow fegments ; blunt ; marked with 2 projecti- ons in the middle. Chives. Threads 4» 2 loriS anc^ 2 fhort; awl-fhaped; crooked ; concealed under the upper lip. Tips ob- long. Point. Seed-bud tapering. Shaft Ample; agreeing in length and fltuation with the chives. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Capfule oblong ; oblique; taper; compreffed; the upper edge convex ; the lower edge (traight ; cells 2 ; valves 2 ; partition placed in a contrary direc- tion to the values ; opening at the upper feam. Seeds 2 ; egg-(haped; hunched; enlarged at the bafe. Ess. Char. Empal. clefts 4. Blofs. upper lip compreffed; plaited back at the edge. Capf. cells 2 ; oblique ; opening on one fide. Seeds 2 ; hunched. * Cnv-ivbcat is inadmiflible as a generic name. St. MELAM- 63 8 DIDYNAMIA AN G I O S PERM IA. crejled MELAMPY'RUM crijla'tum. Spikes quadrangular. Floral-leaves heart-fhaped, compact, finely toothed, tiled. — Riv. mon. 81. 2, M. criflatum. — Plvk. 99. 2. — J. B. iii. 440. 2, cop. in H. ox. xi. 23. 2. Floral-leaves, the upper coloured; the lower fpear-fhaped. Blofs. ? helmet purplifh, or white, with a yellow edge. Relh. — Whole plant nearly fmooth, very much branched. Stems in the autumn i~ or 2 feet high. Branches oppofite, numerous, diverging, fo that where numbers grow together they are fo entangled that it is almoft impoffible to extricate them. Leaves oppofite, fitting, ftrap-fhaped , but taper-pointed, thoffe below the branches bent down, on the blanches parallel. Spikes terminating the flem and branches. Floral-leaves pilrplifh, large, the middle tooth lengthened out into a long awl-fhaped point bent down, very long at the bottom of the ] fpike, fhorter upwards, but all more or lefs fo; hides doubled to- \ | gether, clofeJy preffed together at the edges, forming a fquarc head with hollow hides, having the horns at the angles. Blojjoms J roddifh; I have never obferved them yellow, though I have j feen thoufands of them. Mr. Woodward. Woods of Cambridgefhire and Bedfordfhire, plentifully; and among corn at Walton-field, near Wakefield. [Ripton Wood, Huntingdonfhire. Mr. Woodward.] A. June. July. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. purple MELAMPY'RUM arven'fe. Spikes conical, loofe. Floral-leaves with briflle-fhaped teeth, coloured. — Riv. mon. 80, M. arvenfe. — Cluf. ii. 45. 1, repr. in Ger. cm. 90. 3, and cop. in J. B. iii. 439. 2, and H. ox. xi. 23. row 1. 1. — Dod. 541. 2, repr. in Lob. obj. 23. 1 ; ' ic. i. 37, Trit. vacc. Ger. em. go. 1, and cop. in Park. 1327. 4. — ‘Frag. 663, cop. in 256. 1. Stem upright, flightly hairy, branched. Leaves oppofite, fpear- fhaped, lengthened out into a very long point, nearly fitting, flightly downy. Flowers in an oval head. Floral-leaves long, fpear- fhaped, wing-cleft, with teeth at the bafe, entire upwards. Mr. Woodward. — Blofs. yellow and dufky purple. Corn fields. Near Lycham, Norfolk; Horfley Bath, near . Beefton Caftle, Chefh. Between Norwich and Coffey. fCoflefey, near Norwich. Mr. Crowe. Bixley, near Norwich. Mr. Woodward.] A. July. The feeds, when ground with corn, give a bitternefs and grey- ifh cafl to the bread, but do not make it unwholefome. Cows and Goats eat it. Sheep refufe it. MELAM- I. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS COVERED. 639 MELAMPY'RUM praten'Je. Flowers pointing meadow one way, lateral. Leaves in diftant pairs. Bloffoms dofed. Linn.— Lower Lip ftraight.* St. ’■Vale, M. fylvaticum. — Ger. 84. 1 and 2, flowers and general habit well exprejfed, but all the leaves deeply jerrated. — Cluj. ii. 44. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 22. 2, ic. i. 36. 2, Ger. em. 91. 1, and cop. in Park. 1326. 1, and ill cop. in H. ox. xi. 23. 3, with the lower leaves made deeply Jerrated. In fruit. Differs from M. Jylvaticutn as follows : Stem more upright. ' Leaves more upright, and approaching. Blojs. white, yellowifh towards the lips; the mouth, or opening between the lips Ihut. Linn. — Stem weak. Leaves, the lowermoft very entire, thofe about the middle of the Hem with feveral large teeth at the bafe, the flower-leaves halberd-Lhaped with 3 clefts, the angles at the bafe bent back. BloJJoms white; tube long, (lender, wrinkled, •widening forwards; mouth like that of a fifh; lips approaching, belmet yellow, palifh at the edges; lower lip with 3 very fhoit Reeth, and 2 deep yellow eminencies on the upper furface. Tips jglued together. Hall. Relhan. Mr. Woodw. Root hardifh, nvhitifh, fibrous. Stem upright or decumbent, upright towards the •point, imperfectly 4-cornered, (lightly downy, reddifh green. .Branches oppofite. Leaves ftrap-fpear-fhaped, bluntifh, very en- itire, of a pleafant green above, (lightly downy, with a net-work of veins underneath, the larger more than 2 inches long, 3 lines broad, purplifh at the bafe; the flower -leaves fmaller, and a little bent back, with from 2 to 4 fmall-pointed teeth. Flowers folitary, from the bofom of the leaves, on very fhort fruit-ftalks, 2 at each joint, nearly 8 lines long, and 2 broad. Enipalement greenifli pui~ ple, fmooth, teeth fpear-fhaped taper-pointed, the upper fome- what bent back, and not fo deeply divided. BloJJoms full yellow; tube compreffed, triangular, whitilh and fmooth at the bafe, hel- met blunt, (lightly cloven at the point, fomewhat bent back at the edge, downy within; lower lip blunt, ferrated with 3 blunt teeth, with 2 fmall fmooth prominencies at the mouth. Tips green, and yellow, approaching above, woolly at the bafe and edge. Seed-bud egg-fhaped, compreffed, fmooth, within the empalement. Honey- cup roundifh, yellowifh, at the bafe of the feed-bud. Shaft whitifh, fmooth, bent inward above, juft projecting from the fiffure of the helmet. Summit blunt, whitifh. Pollich. Mr. Woodward.— Whole plant frequently brownifh, beginning to flower early and continuing to flower all the fummer, growing more and more branched, * Labio inferiore redo. St. 640 DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. branched, in the manner of M. crijlalum, and in the latter part of the year extremely branched. Branches weak. Leaves on very fhort leaf-flalks, ftiffifh, from thebolom of the lower ones an egg-lhaped gland, poflibly an abortive flower, thole towards the bafe of the branches ftrap-fpear-lhaped, the upper fpear-fhaped taper-pointed, dark blackilh green, with fometimes a tinge of purple. Only the floral-leaves toothed, fo that early in the fpring very few will be vi- lible, but later they are very numerous, the branches extending in length and continuing to flower till the fpike is very long; the lower halberd-fhaped, with only 2 or 3 teeth at the bafe; the upper nearly with winged clefts at the bafe, with long awl-fhaped reflected teeth, and ending in an acute fpear-fhaped point. Empalement often fpotted with purple. Blojs. tube fomewhat furrowed, ftraight, white at the bafe, forwards faintly tinged with yellow; lips clofely approaching, hairy within; upper lip (lightly cloven; the lower with 3 fhallow clefts. Tips, the back pair firmly adhering together. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves fpear-fhaped, greatly tapering towards the point, all ferrated, but the ferratures extremely fine, and the edges of the leaves being rather turned back, they are not very readily feen. Stem cylindrical towards the bottom, 4-cornered upwards. Empalement purplifh without; Jegments with minute ftiff briftles along the edge; the 2 upper longer. Blojs. of a full yellow, very much compreffed; the notch in the upper lip but barely per- ceptible; lower lip with 2 orange-coloured riling plaits; tube ftravv- coloured. Threads 4, fupporting what appears a Angle tip. Tip egg-lhaped, compreffed, hairy at the edges, and opening at the front edge, diviiible into 4 portions, but as readily breaking in any other diredtisn ; after flowering feparating into 2 or 4 parts. Shaft correfponding to the bend of the upper lip of the blolfom, riling over the tip, and prefenting its fummit to the opening, whence the dull efcapes. Sced-vefs. a yellow glandular fubftance at the bafe on the fore part, doubled down, and fo brittle as not to admit being llraightened. With. Dry meadows, Linn. — and paftures and thickets. Huds. — Dry mountainous paftures and woods, not uncommon, Lightf. — and roots of old oaks. Ray. [St. — Frequent in woods and hedges in a clayey foil in Norfolk and Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] A. July. Aug. Where this plant abounds, the butter is yellow, and uncom- monly good. Swine are very fond of the feeds. Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows are very fond of it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. 2. Hall. St. — Blolfom white, with 2 yellow fpots on the lower lip. Ray. Hall. Melampyrum II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS COVERED. 64 Mdampyrum latifolium Jlore a'lbo , labio inferior e duabus maculis luteis di/lindo. R. fyn * 286. Ray and Haller appear to confider this as a variety of M. pratenfe, in which the bloffom has more white than yellow in it, and I think jultly. St. MELAMPY'RUM fylvat'icum. Flowers pointing yellow one way, lateral. Leaves in diftant pairs. Bloffoms •widely gaping. Linn. — Lower Lip bent downwards. St.t FI. dan. 145. — ( Ger . 84. 2 and l.—Walc. — Cluj. ii. 44. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 22. 2, ic. i. 36. 2, Ger. em. 91. 1, and cop. in Park. 1326. 1, and ill cop. in H, ox. xi. 23. 3, appear to me to be M. pratenfe.) Differs from M. pratenfe as follows: Stem more nodding. Leaves fully expanding. Blojfoms only half as long, entirely yellow, and not with the tube white; mouth or the opening between the lips gap- ing and open. Linn.— Stem upright, or nodding, weak, branched, leafy. Leaves very entire, all of them undivided, very long, 1 fpear-fhaped. Flowers in pairs, from the bofom of the leaves, fitting, compared to the leaves 3 times fmaller than thofe of M. pratenfe. Blofs. lower lip with 3 deeper clefts. Fruit egg-comcal, bowed inwards. Hall. Woods and ftiady places. HuDS.In the way from Taymouthto Lord Brealbane’s cafcade, and about Finlarig at the head of Loch-Tay. Not common. A much rarer plant than M. pratenfe. Lightf. A' June- -^US- Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it; and with a plentiful-allowance of it foon grow fat. f Labio inferior? deflexo. St. / 801. LATHRxE'A. 042 DID Y N A M 1 A AN OiUlSrEKMIA. 8oi. LATHR^'A. Toothwort. Empal. Cup i leaf; bell-fhaped ; flraight. Mouth with 4 deep clefts. Bloss. i petal; gaping. ' Tube longer than the cup. Border gaping ; diftendecl. Upper Lip concave ; helmet- fhaped ; broad ; with a narrow hooked top. Lower Lip fmaller ; reflected; blunt; with 3 clefts. Honey- cap a gland notched at the end ; depreffed on each fide ; very fhort ; fituated upon the receptacle of the flower, at one corntf of the feed-bud. Chives. ‘Threads 4; awl-fhaped ; as long as the bloflom ; concealed under the upper lip. ‘ Tips blunt ; de- prelfed ; approaching. Point. Seed-hud globular; eomprefled. Shaft thread- fhaped ; agreeing in length and fltuation with the chives. Summit lopped ; nodding. S. V ess. Capfttle round ifh ; blunt ; but furnifhed with a fmall point; with 1 cell ; and 2 el a flic valves ; fur- rounded by the cup, which is large and expanding. Seeds few; globular. Ess. Char. Empalement with 4 clefts. A depreffed gland at the bafe of the future of the feed-bud, Capf. cell 1 . Obs. Approaches near to Orobanche in its honey-cup gland. great L AT H Ry£ ' A Squama'ria. Stem undivided. Blofs. pendant ; lower lip with 3 clefts.i — FI. dan. 136. — Riv. 89. 2, Squamatia. — Barr. 80. — H. ox. xii. 16. 14. — Matth. 964, cop. in Ger. 138 7. 1. — J. B. iii. 783. 2. — Blackw. 430. — Dod. 553. 1 .—Park. 1363. 4. — Cluf. ii. 120. 1, repr.in Ger. 1585. 1, and cop. in Id. ox. xii. 16. 11. Root beaded. Root-leaves none. Stem-leaves membranaceous, coloured. Branches none. Blofs. lower lip white. Linn. — Stem naked, except fometimes 1 or 2 oval fcales. Flowers in a fpike, from one tide of the Hem, in a double row. Floral-leaves roundifh- oval, large, reddifh, 1 at the bafe of each fruit-ftalk, forming a double line oppofite to the flowers. Empalement bellying, feg- ments equal, 111111111111. Blofs. upper lip rather fhort, lopped. Mr. Woo dward. — Blofs. pale purple except the lower lip. Great Toothwort or Lungwort. Woods, fhady lanes, and at the bottom of mountains, but ra- ther rare. Maidftone Kent, Hareiield, thickets below Conflck- foar, II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS COVERED. fear, near Kendal. [Informed that it is found in woods in Derby- (hire. Mr. Woodward.] P. April. May. Dentaria major Matlhioli. Ger. em. 1585. — Orobanche radice dentata , five Dentaria Matthioli major. Park. 1363. St. Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. Cows and Horfes refufe it. Grows only in fhady places which the fun’s rays can fcarcely penetrate, it being almoft deftitute of leaves, and fuch plants alone can live without the folar light. Linn. ■7 v- 804. P E D I C U L A'R I S. Loufewort. Em pal. Cup 1 leaf; roundifh; diftended. Mouth with 5 clefts; equal; permanent. Bloss. 1 petal; gaping. ‘Tube oblong; hunched. Upper • Lip helmet-lhaped ; upright ; comprefied ; narrow ; notched. Lower Lip expanding ; Hat ; with 3 (hal- low fegments ; blunt. Middle Segment the narrowed. Chives. Threads 4; 2 long and 2 fhort, nearly as long as the upper lip, under which they lie concealed. Tips fixed Tideways to the threads ; roundifh ; com- preffed. Point. Seed-bud roundifh. Shaft thread-fhaped ; agree- ing ia lituation with the chives, but longer. Summit blunt ; bent inwards. S. Vess. Capfule roundifh ; tapering; oblique. Cells 2. Partition oppofite to the valves ; opening at the top. Seeds many; roundifh; compreffed ; covered with a coat. Receptacles oblong ; liipported by foot-ftalks. Ess. Char. Empalement with 5 clefts. Capfule, cells 2; Jharp-pointed ; oblique. Seeds coated. Obs. Capfule for the moft part oblique. In fome fpecies the •cup cloven at the rim into 2 parts. • •<« W ■ ,, 4 PEDICULA'RIS paluf'tris. Stem branched, marfh 1 Empalements crefled with callous dots. Lip of the blofs. •oblique. Linn. — Empalement with 2 clefts. Hall. Si’. Riv. mon. 92. 1, Pedicularis. — Pet. 36. 3. — Ger. 913. ' Blofs. purple. Linn. — Leaves doubly winged. Branches from the tbofom of the leaves, long, crowded, Lyons. — Stem about a foot [high. Branches expancb.ig .Leaves and flowers diftant. Mr. Woodiv. IBloJ's. fometimes white. Ray. Wi th. Stem angular, purplifh. Leaves •winged; leafits with winged clefts. Flowers folitary, in th^bofom •of the leaves. Empalement with 2 lips, opening fideways; fegments cloven 643 DIDYNAMIA ANG I O S PER M IA. 644 cloven and jagged, 2 of them bordered with leafy appendages. Blofs. helmet with a little tooth on each fide, not notched at the end; lower lip fringed with fine foft hairs. With. Marfhes, ditches, moift meadows, and paftures. P. June. July. This is an unwelcome gueft in meadows, being very difagree- ableto cattle. — Goats eat it. Horfes, Sheep, and Cows refute it. Swine are not fond of it. common PEDICULA'RIS fylvat'ica. Stem branched. Empal. oblong, angular, fmooth. Lip of the blolfom heart- fhaped. Linn. — Empal. with 5 clefts. St. Cluj. ii. 21 1. 1, repr. inDod. 556. 1, Lob. obf. 431. 3, ic. i. 748. 2, Ger. eni. 1071. 2, and cop. in Park. 713. 1, and abr. inH. ox. xi. 23. 13. — Fl. dan. 225. — Pet. 36. 4. — Trag. 250, cop. in Lonic. i. 148. 2. Blofs. purple, Linn. — and fometimes white. Clus. Reich. — Empal. ^ of the fegments crefted, the 5th fmaller, Hall. Relh. — often plain. Rllii. — Stem very fhort. Branches from the root, long, fpreading dole to the ground. Leaves and flowers crouded. Mr. Woodward. — Stems trailing. Floral-leaves deeply divided; fegments toothed. Empalement angular, green within, purplilh without, nearly half as long as the blofifom, one of the clefts much deeper, fegments toothed, that oppolite to the deepeft cleft the nanoweft. Blofs. much flenderer than the empalement; tube com- prefted; upper lip with a little tooth on each fide; lower lip with 3 divifions, the middle fegment a little fmaller than the reft. Threads, the 2 taller hairy towards the top. Tips oblong, cloven at the bafe, with 2 cells. Shaft permanent. Capfule nearly egg-fhaped, pointed and comprefled at the top. With. Wet paftures and heaths. P. June. July. 2. Bloffoms white. Tab. Reich. Mr. Woodward. With. [Near Redruth, Cornwall, towards the fea. Mr. Watt. — • Near Berkhamftead. Mr. Woodward.} The exprefled juice, or a decodtion of this plant, has been ufed with advantage as an injection for finuous ulcers. If the healthieft flock of fheep be fed with it, they become fcabby and feurfy in a fhort time; the wool gets loofe, and they will be over-run with, vermin. — Cows and Swine refufe it. / 808. ANTIR- II. CHIVES LONGER, SEEDS COVERED. 645 808. ANTIRRHI'NU M. Snapdragon.* Em pal. Cup 5 divifions ; permanent. Segments oblong ; permanent ; the 2 lower more expanding. Bloss. 1 petal; gaping. ‘Tube oblong ; hunched. Border with 2 lips. Upper Lip cloven ; refie&ed fide ways. Lower Lip with 3 fegments ; blunt. Palate convex ; mouth cl o fed by a projeftion of the lower lip, which is channelled on the under fide. Honey-cup extend- ing backwards from the bafe of the blolfom. Chives. 'Threads 4; 2 fhort and 2 long; nearly as lono- as the bloffom, and inclofed by the upper lip. Tips approaching. Point. Seed-bud roundifh. Shaft fimple; agreeing irl length and fituation with the chives. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Capfule roundifh ; blunt; cells 2. Figure and manner of opening different in different fpecies. Seeds many. Receptacles kidney-fhaped ; folitary; fixed to the partition. Ess. Char. Empal. leaves 5. The bafe of the bloffom pro- jecting downwards, containing a honey-like liquor. Capf. cells 2. Obs. The honey-cup and the feed-vejfel differ greatly in the diffe- rent fpecies. In fome, the former is long and awl-fhaped, and the latter opens equally. In others, the honey-cup is blunt, fcarcely protuberating; the capfule unequal at the bafe, opening at the top obliquely; and, in others again, ftill different. * Leaves angular. ANTIRRHI'NU M Cymbala'ria. Leaves heart- ivy-leaved fhaped, with 5 lobes, alternate. Stems trailing. Linn. — Leaves Jbmetimes oppofite. Lyons. Curt. i. 10. — Riv. mon. 8G. 2, Cymbalaria.-^-J. B. iii. 685. — Malth. 1184, C0P- m Lob. obf. 337. 2, which repr. in ic. i. 615. 1, Ger. em. 529. 6, — Park. 682. 1. — H. ox. v. 14. 30. — Lon. i. 61. 2. Seeds wrinkled like the kernels of the walnut. Blofs. fometimes white. Was it not produced by the duff of Campanula heder&folia, fertilifing the feed-bud of Antirrhinum Elatine? Linn. — Whole plant Toad-flax is contrary to the Linnxan rules for the conftrudion of generic names. St. Vol. II. Uu fmooth 646 DID YNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. fmooth and fhinlng. Leaves, the fmallefl: with only 3 lobes; lobes of the lower blunt, of the upper pointed. Flowers on long fruit- flalks bending at the top. Blofs. fpuraslong as the empalement. Mr. Woodward. — Stems thread-lhaped. Leaves, fegments end- ing in a fhort blunt point. Leaf-Jlalks very long, bending like ten- drils. Empal. fegments equal. Blofs. pale purple; palate yellow, fhaggy with orange-coloured hairs. Chives white. Cajfule reddifh. Honey-cup llender, crooked. With. Old walls. About London, frequent, [particularly adjoining to the Thames. Walls of Burleigh CafUe, near Stamford. Mr. Woodward.] P. June. — Otft. Its trailing branches varioufly interwoven often cover old moift walls with a thick tapeftry, and when in bloflom make a beautiful appearance. Mr. Woodward. 2. Leaves woolly. fiaip-pointed ANTIRRHI'NUM Elat'ine. Leaves halberd-fhaped, alternate. Stems trailing. — Curt. i. 7. — FI. dan. 426. — Shcldr. 60. — Park. 553. 2, cop. inj. B. iii.372. 2.— Cer. 501. 2. — Matth. 1012. — Blackw. 170. — Dod. 42. 2, repr. in Lob. ic. i. 470. 2, Ger. em. 625. 2, and cop. in FT. ox. v. 14. 28. — ( Riv. mon. 86.1, Elatine, is A. fpurium.) Stem flaccid. Honey-cup awl-fhaped. Capfule in opening depofits a lamella on each fide. Linn. — Flowers fometimes regular, with 5 clefts, andfpurs3, 4, 015, as in the Peloria. Huds. — Stems very weak, with very long expanding hairs. Lower-leaves oppofite. Flowers fingle. Fruit-Jlalks thread-lhaped, from the bofom of the leaves, whilft in flower expanding, afterwards declining. Empal. leaves much pointed. Blofs. fpur as long as the body of the blofs. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves, the lower fometimes egg-lhaped, and toothed, as in Ger. Jig. — Fruit-Jlalks , the lower fomtimes lhorter than the leaves. St. Sharp -pointed FlucUin. Cornfields. [Stiff, frequent. Mr. Woodw.] A. Aug. — 0 Petals upright. 875. Denta'ria Pod with valves, which roll back ' when open. * * Cup open; its leaves J landing wide at the top. 889. Cram'be Pod deciduous ; globular; likea dry berry. The 4 long Chives forked at the top. 888. I's axis Pod deciduous; fpear-fhaped ; containing 1 feed. 887. Bu'nias Pod deciduous ; circular ; cover- ed with (harp points. 876. Cardam'ine Pod opening. Valves rolling back. 885. Sina'pis. Pod opening. Cwp expanding ho- rizontally.' 877. Sisym'brium Pod opening. Valves nearly ftraight. Cup open, f Brafiica Napus. ■ V IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POUCH. 665 Order /. V SILICULOSA; SEED-VESSEL a POUCH. 860. MY'AGRUM. Camline. V • Em pal. Cup 4 leaves; oblong-egg-fhaped ; concave ; opening; coloured; deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs ; flat; circular; blunt; claws flender. Chives. 'Threads 6; as long as the cup ; the 4 oppoflte ones rather longer than the other 2, Tips Ample. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-lhaped ; as long as the cup. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Pouch inverfely egg-fhaped; fomewhat compref- fed; entire; rigid; terminated at the point by a rigid conical (haft. Valves 2. Some of the cells often empty. Seeds roundilh. Ess. Char. Pouch terminated by a conical Jhaft ; a Jingle feed generally contained in only one of the cells. Obs. Cochlearia Coronopus accords with the above character. St. MY'AGRUM fati'vum. Pouches inverfely egg- common fhaped, on fruit-ftalks, containing many feeds.* — Trag. 655, cop. in Lome. i. 154. 1. — Ger. 213. 2. — Dad. 532. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. ui. 3, ic. i. 224. 2, Ger. em. 273. 3, , and cop. in Park. 8G8. 2, Pet. 48. 1 1 , and abridged in LI. ox. iii. 21. row 3. 2. — J. B. ii. 892, cop. in H. ox. iii. 21. row 2. 1./. 4. — Matth. i 172. Pouch, each fide bellying out, but marked with a cavity prefied inwards, which cavity difappears in the cultivated plants. Linn. . — Blofs. pale yellow, or white. Seeds yellow. Stem cloathed with leaves, cylindrical below, fomewhat angular above, (lightly hairy. Leaves alternate, fpear- fhaped , arrow-fhaped at the bale, fialf embracing the ftem, (lightly toothed, hairy. Blofs. yellow. Pouches on long fruit-ftalks, terminated by a long (haft; partition extending * On this account Wig ger s refers this fpecies to Alyffum, Reich, after the example of Haller and Tournefort, but the Tbiajpi is equally variable in point of number. St, X x 3 beyond 666 TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. beyond and forming a ftrong ridge round the pouch. Mr. Wood- ward.— Blojs. pale yellow, or white. Seeds yellow. Gold of Pleafure. Cornfields; among Flax often plentifully, but apparently im- ported along with it from foreign countries. Near Bridport and Lime in Dorfetlhire. [Heydon, Norfolk. Rev. Mr. Bryant.] A. May. June. It is cultivated in Germany for the fake of the exprefTed oil of the feeds, which the inhabitants ufe for medicinal, culinary, and oeconomical purpofes. The feeds are a favourite food with Geefe. Horfes, Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. s 861. VEL'LA. Creffet. Empal. Cup 4 leaves; upright; cylindrical; ftrap-fhap- ed; blunt; deciduous. . Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs ; inverfely egg-fhaped ; expanding. Claws as long as the cup. Chives. 'Threads 6 ; as long as the cup ; the 4 oppofite ones a little longer than the other 2. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud egg-maped. Shaft conical. Summit fimple. S. Vess. Pouch globular ; entire. Cells 2. Partition twice as large as the pouch ; the part extending beyond the pouch egg-fhaped and upright. Seeds feveral; roundifh. Ess. Ciiar. Pouch with a partition txvice as large as the valves; the part extending beyond the pouch egg-Jhaped. annual VEL'LA an'nua. Leaves with winged clefts. Pouches pendant. — Cluj. ii. 130. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 102. 3, in ic. i. 205. 2, Ger. em. 247. 4, and cop. in Park. 830. 2, and abridged in J. B. ii. 920, and Pet. 50. 5. — Trew pi. rar. but almojl climbing. .Sim branched, hairy. Leaves, fegments ftrap-fhaped, toothed, hairy. Petals white, with deep purple veins. Pouches hairy, egg- fhaped, terminated by the extenfion of the partition. Mr. "Woonw/ — Pouches, valves with 3 longitudinal ridges, the ridges befet with hairs; the feams fmooth. S r. — Blojs. pale yellow. Crejje Rocket. On Salilbury plain, not far from Stonehenge. Ray. A. June. 863. SUE U- IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POUCH. 667 863. SUBULA'RIA. Awl-wort. < ' ^ Empal. Cup 4 leaves; egg-fhaped; concave; a little expanding; deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs ; inverfely egg-fhaped ; entire ; rather larger than the cup. Chives. 'Threads 6; fhorter than the bloiTom; the 2 handing oppolite hill fhorter. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shaft very fhort. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Pouch inverfely egg-fhaped ; fomewhat compref- fed ; entire ; furni fired with a very fhort fhaft. Cells 2. Partition placed in a contrary direction to the valves, which are egg-fhaped and concave. Seeds feveral ; very minute; roundifih. Ess. Char. Pouch entire ; egg-Jkaped; valves egg-fhaped ; concave; contrary to the partition. Shaft fhorter than the SUBULA'RIA aquat'ica. — FL dan. 35. — H. ox. viii. 10. 29, cop. in Pet. 48. 8. — Pluk. 188. 5. — (Ray ed. I. 2. at p. 1, is Ijoetes lacujlris.) Flourifhes and bloffoms under water. Linn. — Leaves green, femi-cylindrical, full of pith. Elofs. white. Seeds yellow. Ray. Grows under water on a gravelly bottom in Lough Neagh, Ireland, on the fide next Kilmore. Ray. — Loch Tay and Loch Carrap, Scotland. Mr. Stuart. — In lakes on the mountains near Llanberrys. Huds. — And Llyn y Cvvn, near Snowdon. Penn. A. July. V X X 4 water 864. DRA'BA. , ( TETRAD Y NAM IA SILICULOSA. 668 \ ' . 864. D R A ' B A . Whitlow-grafs. - Empal. Cup 4 leaves; egg-lhaped ; concave; open; fomewnat upright; /deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a c-rofs; oblong; rather ex- panding. Claws very fmall. Chives. Threads 6 ; as long as the cup ; 4 oppofite ones a little longer than the other 2 ; upright-expanding. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shaft very fhort. Summit a fiat knob. S.Vess. Pouch oblong-oval ; compreffed ; entire; with- out a (haft. Cells 2. Partition parallel to the valves ; valves flat ; but a little concave. Seeds many; fmall; roundifh. Ess. Char. Pouch entire; oval-oblong; valves flattijh; pa- - rallcl to the partition. Shaft none. common DRA'BA ver'na. Stalks naked. Leaves fomewhat | ferrated. Linn. — Petals divided. Leaves often very entire, i St* Curt. i. 2. — Thai. 7. E. — Wale. — ISed. 112. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 249. 2, ic. i. 469. 1, Ger. em. 624. 1, and cop. in Fark. 556. 3, and alfo in Ger. 499. 1, leaves rounded. — Pet. 48. 6 and 7. — J. B. ii. 937. 2. — Seguier. i. 4. 3. at p. 328. Flowers hanging down at night. Petals divided. Linn. — Stalks , fmooth after flowering, but hairy when young. Leaves hairy. Flowers wfyen in bloffom in broad topped fpikes, about 15 in each. Empalement a little hairy. Threads pale green, but white and en- larged at the bafe. With. — Chives, it is difficult to find the full complement when the Bower is fully expanded, as they drop when the feed-bud begins to enlarge. , Common Whitlow-grafs. [Xailwort. St.] Walls and dry places, and paftures. A. Mar. Apr. One of our earliefl: flowering plants. It is good as a fallad. Goats, Sheep, and Holies eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Swine refufe it. * Fetalis bipartite, to diflinguifli it from D. alpha , as the leaves of D. -vcrtia are very frequently without any ferratures. Add to the character of D. alpha, fetalis cmargir.atis. St. p R4'B A IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POUCH. DRA'BA mura'Us. Stem branched. Leaves egg- fhaped, fitting, toothed. — Barr. 816. — Batch, pr. 50, cop. in Park 843. 13, and H. ox. iii. 20. 5-—J- iWb 939. 1, cop. in Pet. 48. 5. Fruit-Jlalhs horizontal when the fruit is ripe, longer than the pouches. Pouches nearly flanting. Flowers white. Linn. — Root- leaves entire at the bafe, toothed upwards. Pouches exadlly ellipti- cal, ending in a fhort blunt knob which is the lummit. Mr. Woodward. — Stem and leaves hairy. Stem-leaves rather heart- fhaped. Petals very flightly notched at the end. With. — Seeds reddifh brown. St. Fiflures of rocks, mountainous and ftony paftures efpecially in a calcareous foil, in Derbyfhire, Yorkfhire, and Welhnoreland. Arnbar Scar, near Arncliff Littendale and Malham Cove. Curt. A. May. DRA'BA inca'na. Stem-leaves numerous, hoary. Pouches oblong, flanting, fitting. — FI. dan. 130, in fower. — Pet. 48. 3. — Pink. 42. 1, in fruit. Root a hand's breadth long. Root-leaves very numerous, dif- pofed in a rofe-like form, fpear-lhaped, cottony and fomewhat hairy, entire, pointed; flem-leaves often upwards of 30, fitting, marked with a few teeth, fimilar to the root-leaves, but fhorter, the uppermoft egg-fhaped, on the lower part of the ftem more crowded. Stem a hand’s breadth long, llraight, hoary, eloathed with leaves. Flowers in a fmall terminating flat-topped fpike, which, when the fruit is ripe, becomes a bunch. Petals white, flightly notched. Pouches upright, egg-oblong, bent contrary to the fun, comprefled, naked. Fruit-Jlalhs hoary, 3 times fhorter than the pouches, fliff, approaching to the ftem. It flowers with the Anemone. Linn. — Stems G to 9 inches, flightly cottony, Ample, crooked. Leaves oval, fpear-fhaped, a little hairy, the lower flightly, the upper deeply toothed. Fruit-Jlalks nearly as long as the pouches. Pouches fpear-fhaped, fmocth, twilled, terminated by the blunt fummit. Mr. Woodward. Fiflures of limeftone rocks, and moift mountainous meadows, in Yorkfhire, Weftmoreland, and Caernarvonfh. — About Settle. Curt. — [Rock near the fummit of Ingleborough on the weft lide. Mr. Woodward.] 13. May. June. Goats eat it. Cows are not fond of it. j3. Huds. — Pet. 48. a. fpeedwell leaved wreathen podded 6yo mountain procumbent TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. ✓ 865. LEPID'IUM. Dittander. Empal. Cup 4 leaves ; egg-fhaped; concave; deciduous. Uloss. 4 petals ; forming a ero fs ; inveffely egg-lhaped ; twice as \ong as the cup. Claws narrow. Chives. Threads 6 ; awl-fhaped ; as long as the cup ; the 2 oppofite ones fhorter than the others. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shaft fimple ; as long as the chives. Summit blunt. S.Vess. Pouch fomewhat heart-fhaped ; (lightly notched at the end ; compreffed ; (harp at the edge. Cells 2. Partition fpear-fhaped. Valves boat-fhaped ; keeled. Seeds fev-eral; egg-fhaped; tapering; narrow at the bafe ; inclining downwards. Ess. Char. Pouch notched at the end ; heart-Jhaped ; with many feeds: valves keeled; contrary to the partition. Obs. In L. ruderale there is only 1 feed in a cell. St. LEPID'IUM petra'um. Leaves winged, very entire. Petals notched at the end, fmallerthan the empalement. Jacq. fi. ii. 13 1 . — Crantz. i. 2. 4, in its earlier fate; 5, a bunch in fruit. — (Pink. 206. 4, is L. alfinum, and Pet. 50. 4, feems to be the fame.) One of our fmalleft delicate plants. Linn. — Leaves dark -green ; lenfts elliptical, tapering each way, on fea'f-ftalks, very entire, thickifh, from 6 to 12 pairs, with an odd one. Flowers in dole broad-topped fpikes, which, as the fruit ripens, lengthen out into bunches. Petals fpatula-fhaped, white, as long as, and narrower than the empalement, generally very entire, but fometimes im- perfectly nicked at the end. Pouches broad-egg-fhaped, blunt, convex underneath, flat above; valves keeled. Jacq. St. — Stem branched from near the root. Leafits fpear-fhaped, horizontal, juft fenlibly broader than the mid-rib. St. Rocks, walls, and ftony places. St. Vincent’s Rock, on the low rocks over againft Goram’s Chair, and on the walls about Briftol. Uphill, Somerfctfhire. A. Apr. May. * '1 LEPID'IUM ang'licum. Chives 2. Petals 4. Leaves with winged clefts. Stem trailing, hairy. Huds. — Chives fometimes 4. Huds. defer. Root annual, branched. Stems feveral, herbaceous, a foot high, 3-cornered, branched, leafy. Branches alternate, long. Leaves alternate, fitting, naked: fegments moftly oppofite, pointed, lerrated, IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POUCH. 671 ferrated, chiefly along the upper edge, with 2 or 3 teeth. Flowers ery final], white, Scattered, on fruit-ftalks. Fruit-JlaJks long, Horizontal. Bunches lateral, iimple, oppofite the leaves, longer ; nan the leaves, hairy. Empal. leaves egg-lKaped, concave, fall- ing off, thin at the edge. Petals equal, egg-lhaped, fomevvhat Ihorter than the empalement. Threads oppolite, awl-fhapcd, longer than the empalement. Tips roundifh, large* Iimple, yel- iow. Seed-bud inverfely heart-fhaped. Shaft very fhort. Pouch Rightly cloven, lobes roundifh compreffed, wrinkled; boat- shaped; partition fpear-fhaped. Seeds folitary, kidney-lhaped, •jointed at each end, brown. Huds. Obs. This plant l'eems to be the L. bonarienje, but is not to be -onfounded with the Thlafpi bonarienje, tSc. Dill. elth. 281. t. 280. ;. 370, the leaves. of which are ffrap-fhaped arid ferrated. Huds. —If the fame with Linnaeus’s L. bonarienje, the name ought not .0 have been changed. But Dillenius’s figure accords with the Linnaean character, and is laid by Crantz to be an elegant one. Linnaeus, therefore, cannot iurely have erred in afferting the fig. of Dillenius to be his bonarienje. Add to this, that the leaves of Billenius’s figure cannot, with propriety, be deicribed as “ .linc- aria ferrata.” St. Lepidium didymum, which fee. Mr. Woodward. On rubbilh about Exeter; and Truro and Penryn, Cornwall. B. Huds. (but in hfa defer. A.) June. July. LEPID'IUM latifo'lium. Leaves egg- fpear-fhaped, common •entire, ferrated. — FI. dan. 557. — Fuchf. 484, cop . in jf. B. ii. 940. 1, and .abridged in Trag. 83. — Matth. 609. — Dod. 71b. 1, reps, in Lub. obj. 172. 4, ic. i. 3 1 8. 2, Ger. em. 241. 2, and cop. in Park. 855. 1, and FI. ox. iii. 21. row 2. 1. — Blackw. 448. — Louie, i. 161. — Ger. 18 7. 2, cop. in Pet. 48. 10, with parts if fructification. — • Jf. B. ii. 940. 2. Elojoms white, numerous, terminating. ' lhtlander Pepperworl. Poor-mans Pepper. Meadows and paftures. Hythe, near Colchefter; Hcybridge, inear Malden; and marlhes near Grays, in Effex; Sheringham 'Cliffs, Norfolk; and between Beningborough and Mitton in the North Riding of Yorklhire. P.. June. July. This is one of the acrid anti-fcorbutics, and was formerly ufed i in the place of Korfe-radijh. An infulion of it vomits. With. LEPID'IUM didymum. Leaves with winged clefts, double podded Stem upright. Fruit double. — Stems 672 narroivleaved \ .it TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. 1 Stem a foot high, fmooth. Leaves winged, wings fitting, alter- nate, fpear-fhajted, toothed on the fore edge. Bunches from the bofom of the leaves, as long as the leaves. Flowers very minute. Capjules roundifh, double, fomewhat wrinkled. An intermediate plant between the Cochlearia's and Lepidium's. L 1 n k' . — It certainly more nearly approaches the genus Cocklearia, as the pouches aie but (lightly compreffed, and very blunt at the edge. Mr. Woodw. • — Stems, branches, and fruit-ftalhs hairy. Leaves fmooth. Sr. Cochlearia didyma. Curt. cat. n. 270. — Lefidium anglicum. Huds. which fee. (Mr. Woodward.) [Near Exeter. Mr. Newberry.] A. June. I LEPID'IUM rudera'lc. Chives 2. Petals none. Root-leaves toothed and winged, thofe of the branches flrap-fhaped, very entire. Linn. Pollich. — Petals fome- times found, Hall. Scop. Gouan, and fometimes 4 chives. Gouan. Trag. 83. 2. — FL dan. 184, in its earlier Jlate. — Matth. 608. — Dud. 713. 1, rep r. in Lob. ic. i. 214. 1, Ger. em. 262. 4, and cop. in Park. 829, II. ox. iii. 19. row 2. f. 3, and abridged in Pet. 50. 1. — Fuchf. 307, cop. in J. B. ii. 914. Stem ufually crooked, wood-like, (liff. Leaves flefhy, fmooth. Fruil-ftalks (lender. Pouches numerous, fmall, much compreffed. Mr. W o p d w a r d . Iheris, five Lepidium. Matth. 608. (St.) On rubbifh, and on the fea coaft. Maldon, EfTex; Yarmouth, Lynn, and Clay, Norfolk; Truro, Cornwall. [Salt marfhes near Yarmouth, Norfolk, plentifully. Mr. Woodward — Rubbifh on the fide of the Severn above Worcefter. St.] B. June. July. \ 8C6. THLAS'PI. t 1 :v. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POUCH. \ * f I 866. THLAS'PI. Shepherds-purfe. Smpal. Cup 4 leaves; egg-fhaped; concave; nearly upright ; deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs ; inverfely egg-draped ; twice as long as the cup. Claws narrow. Chives. Threads 6; half as long as the bloffom ; the 2 oppofite ones fhorter than the others. Tips tapering to a point. Point. Seed-bud circular; comprelfed ; notched at the end. Shaft fimple ; as long as the chives. Summit blunt. d. Vess. Pouch comprelfed; inverfely heart-fhaped ; notched at the end ; the depth of the notch being equal to the length of the draft. Cells 2. Partition fpear-fhaped. Valves boat-draped. deeds many; inclining; fixed to the learns. Ess. Char. Pouch notched at the end; inverfely heart-fhap- ed ; with many feeds ; valves boat-Jhaped, keeled, • and bordered. • Obs. In the T. Burfa pajloris the pouch has no border. Linn. — .n the T. campejlre there is only i feed in each cell. St. THLAS'PI arvenfe. Pouches round and fiat. Leaves Treacle nblong, toothed, fnrooth. — Ludw. 173. — FI. dan. 793. — Blackw. 68. — Matth. 567. — Ger. 204. 1. — J. B. ii. 923. — Sheldr. 105. — Dod. 712, repr.inLob. obf. 108. r, ic. i. 212. 2, Ger.'em. 262. 1, and cop. in Park. 836. 1, H. ox. iii. 17. 12, and abridged in Pet. 50. 9. Leaves arrow-fhapcd at the bafe, embracing the Item. Pouches tleeply notched. Mr. Woodward. — Stem about 2 feet high, with 7 or 8 membranaceous edges. Leaves arrow-fhaped at the bale. \Seeds pear-fhaped, but comprelfed, hanging or pointing down- wards. Blofs. white. With. . Treacle Mnjlard. Penny-crefs. Cornfields, efpecially in a muddy foil. A. June. July. The whole plant has fomelhing of a garliek flavour. The feeds iliave the acrimony of muftard. When Cows cat it their milk gets p bad tafte. Cows, Goats, and Swine eat it. Sheep and Horfes refufe it. THLAS'PI kid turn. Pouches roundidr, hairy, hairy rSlem -leaves at row -filmed, woolly. — C.JL TETR ADJNAMIA SILICULOSA. C. B.pr. 47, cop. in Park. 836. 6, and improved in Pet. 50. 10. — J. B. ii. 922. Stem downy. Root-leaves ov.nl, rather naked, {lightly fringed; Jlcmdeaves half embracing the Item, woolly, very foft. Empalement white. Petals white, inverfely egg-fhaped, cadre. Linn. — Habit that of the 7. campejlre, but th'e pouches woolly. Huds. St. — Pouches longer than thofe of 7". campejlre. Ray. St. — Our plant is merely a variety of 'T. campejlre. The T. hirium is a different plant. Mr. Wo ODVVARD. Mountainous iituations in Wales and elfewhere. Ray. P. Ray. B. Linn. July. ’thridate THLAS'PI campeftre. Pouches roundifh. Leaves arrow-fhaped, toothed, hoary. — Curt. v. 51. — Ger. 204. 2, cop. in Pet. 50. 7. — Fuchf. 306, cop , in J. B.. ii. .92 1 . x, and Trat'- 87. Leaves very foft, and almoft velvety. Linn. — Stems many from the fame root, thickly cloathed with leaves. Leaves growing xvith- out order. In fome fituations it is green andllightly hairy, in others very downy and white, and is the T. hirtum of the FI. angl. Mr. Woodward. — Stem cloathed with leaves, undivided, except at the top,, where itfeparates into 7 or 8 branches, above the branches naked. Root-leaves fpear-egg-fhaped on long flat leaf-ftalks. Fruit- ftatks horizontal. Pouches nearly heart-fhaped, fmooth, convex on the lower, and concave on the upper furface. Root-leaves lyre- fhaped and indented. Blofs. white. Cups with broxvn fpots. With. MilhridaR Mnjlard. Baflard Crejs. — Corn fields, funny fituations, in a clayey and fandy foil. - B. June. July. Goats and Swine eat it. Sheep and Horfes refufe it. Cows are not fond of it. » IS. Leaves fmooth, fcarcely ferrated; thofe at the root not in- dented. Lightf. Reich. Blackw. 407. — Dod. 713. 3, repr. in Lob. obf. 108. 2, ic. i. 213. 1, Ger. em. 262. 2, and cop. in Park. 836. 2, Pet. 50. 8, and IP. ox. iii. 17. 14. — Matth. 566. — (Malth. 567, is T. arvenje , and H. o.r. iii. 13, is a different fpecies.J Leaves fmooth^ broader than «. and not fo tapering to a point, Pouches fmooth, Ray. Thlafpi vaccarice folio glabrum. R. fyn. 305. — 7 . glabrum. Pet. 50. 8. (St.) Between Backley and Bungay, Suffolk. Ray. mountain THLAS'PI njonta'mm. Pouches inverfely heart- fhaped. Leaves fmooth. Root-leaves fomewhat flefhy, inverfely IIV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POUCH. iinverfely egg-draped, very entire. Stem-leaves embrac- iing the ftem. Bloftoms larger than the eqapalements. — Jacq. f: iii. 237. — Cluf. ii. 13 1, repr. in Ger . em. 268. 6. b, and cop. in J. B. ii. 926. — Ger. 2icv. 5. — Crantz. i. 3. 1 ? — (Lob. ic. i. 219. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 268. 6. a, and cop. in Park. 842. 2, and Ger. 210 . 6, are J, aid by C . B. to be only a variety, but the pouches are fpear-Jhaped.) petals nearly equal. It is diftinguifhed from the Iberis by having (the fruit and habit of Thlafpi. Linn. — Root creeping, Ray. — Pouch jconvex underneath, more or lefs concave above, with the remain- iing fhaft. Jacq. — Root-leaves large, fmooth, tapering down into Ceaf-ftalks. Mr. "Woodward. Mountainous paflures. About the ebbing and flowing well :near Settle, between Malham and Settle. Ray. — Here I fought ■‘for it in vain, but found it on the road from Settle to Malham, nvithin about half a mile of the Tam. Curt. — On Ingleborough, Torklhire. Ray, [Mr. Woodward,] and in the Peak of Derby- :ihiie. Huds. B. or P. June. July! T H LAST [ alpef'tre. Pouches inverfely heart- alpine Khaped. Leaves fomewhat toothed; thole of the ftem sembracing the ftem. Petals as long as the bloflom. Stem fimple. — Cluf. ii. 131. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 268. 7, and cop. in Park. 837. 8, and alfo in Ger. 210. 7, as growing wild.— Pet. 50. 12, as cultivated. Gerard ( prcv.J and Jacquin confider this and the perfoliatum as tone and the fame plant; Haller as diftindL Blofs. very fmall, white. Chives longer than the flower. Linn. — Stem quite Ample, •rpright. On being cultivated in a garden it became much fmaller, tout was perennial and evergreen, and threw up feveral jlems from tthe fame root, fome upright, others fpreading. Gouan. — Stem in [mountainous fituations upright and Ample; in gardens or a richer ‘ oil branched. Leaves, the lowermofl egg-fhaped. To examine whether it may not be the 7’. perfoliatum. Huds.— The Jhaft of the >P. perfoliatum , according to Haller, is very Ihort, which I have found to be true; that of the 7. alpejlre a line in length. Let thofe who have an opportunity of examining fpecimens of our plant in its native place of growth afeertain to which fpccics it belongs. S r. Thlafpi perfoliatum minus. R. fyn. 305. (St.) Mountainous meadows and paflures, and flony places in a cal- careous foil. Stone Pits between Witney and Burford, Oxfordfh. ‘Paflures above the ebbing and flowing well 2 m. from Griflcwick, tforkfh. and in Wcftmorel. and Cumberl. Ray. A. June. July. T H LA S'P I 6f6 common \ TETRAD YN AM I A SILICULOSA. T H L AS'P I Burfa paflo'ris. Pouches inverfeJy heart - fhaped. Root-leaves with winged clefts. Linn. — Pouches not bordered.* Root-leaves Jometimes entire. St. Ludw. 186. — Curt. i. 9. — Blackw. 5. — Dod. 103. 1, repr.inLob. obf. no. 1, ic. i. 221. 1, Ger. em. 276. 1, and abridged in Id. ox. iii. 20. row 1.2, and Pet, 49. 4. — Pet. 49. 5 and 6. — Ccr. 2 14. 1 . — Fuchf. 611, cop. in Trag. 2 1 5, and J. B. ii. 936. — honic. i. 139. 1, cop. in Park. 866. 1. — Matth. 569. Stem about a foot high, upright, fomewhat angular, a little branched. Root-leaves numerous, fomewhat hairy, fegments fer- rated, pointed; Jlem-leayes fitting, embracing the Item, oblong, narrower about the middle, arrow-fhaped at the bafe, ferrated or indented, pointed. Flowers white. Glands 4, within the chives. Shaft permanent. Lyons. — Root-leaves, in cultivated ground the fegments broader, on walls and in dry fituations more deeply di- vided, and the fegments much narrower. Curt.— Leaves fringed with fine hairs; Jlem-leaves, the upper entire, ftrap-fpear-fhaped, embracing the ftem. Bunches long, flatted at the- top, terminating. Empalcment hairy. Petals entire. Summit circular, fringed, con- cave. Chives, the 2 fhorter bend out fo as to ftand between the blofTom and the empalement. fipso little' woolly. Secd-bud egg- fhrped, comprefled, with a channel down the middle. Blojfoms White. With. Shepherds Purfe. Shepherds Pouch. Among rubbifh, road fides^ walls, corn fields. A. March to Sept. Huds. more or lefs all the year. Curt. St. • This plant is a ftrong inflance of the influence of foil and fitua- tion, for it grows almofl: every where, and fometimes is not more than 2 inches high when it flowers and perfects its feeds; wfiilft in other fituations it attains the height of 2 or 3 feet. Linn. — Like many others of this clafs it begins to blofTom long before it has at- tained to its full fize, and continues to produce flowers and feeds while it is advancing to maturity. Hence we fometimes find it producing flowers and feeds when not more than 2 inches high, though when full grown, and in a favourable fituation, it rifes to 2 or 3 feet. St. — Horfes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. ■fi. Smaller. Pet. 49. 6. — Ger. 214. 2. Burfa pajloris media. B a u h. pin. 1 08. — Burfa pajloris minima. Ger . 214. (St.) * Siliculh mnrgine deflitutis, the generic character of Tournefort affords the befl fpeciftc dillindion. St. y. Root-leaves M IV. CHIVES LONGER , S. VESS. a POUCH. y. Root-leaves entire. Lightf. St. Fet. 49. 7. In the younger plants it is not unufual to find the leaves undi- vided, and the empalemcnt hairy. Bat. Arr. ed. i. — Root-leaves fome- times fpear-fhaped, toothed. Mr. Woopw. — The Papilio Car- daviine,- and Phalaena Pronuba, feed upon the different fpecies. 867. COCHLEA'RIA Scurvy-grafs. Em pal. Cup 4 leaves; egg-fhaped ; concave; opening; deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs ; .inverfely egg-fhaped ; expanding; twice as large as the cup. Claws narrow ; fhorter than the cup ; open. Chives ."Threads 6; awl-fhaped; as long as the cup ; the 2 oppofite ones fhorter than the others. ‘Tips blunt; comprelfed. Point. Seed-bud heart-fhaped. Shaft fimple ; veryfhort; permanent. Summit blunt. S.Vess. Pouch heart-fhaped; hunched; a little com- preffed; (lightly notched at the end ; furnifhed with a (haft ; rough; blunt at the edge, pells 2. Seeds about 4 in each cell. Ess. Char. Pouch notched at the end, turrid, rough; valves hunched , blunt. COCHLEA’RIA officina'lis. Root-leaves heart- common circular; ftem-leaves oblong, a little indented. — Ludw. 133.— FI. dan. 135— Blackw. 227.— Pet. 49. 1 .—J. B. ii, 942. — Dod.5 94. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 156. 4, ic. i. 293. 2, Ger. em. 401. 1, and cop. in Park. 283. 2, H. ox. iii. 20. 1, and alfo in Ger. 324. r. Stem branched. Root-leaves heart-fhaped, blunt, entire, with 7 minute, callous, imperfedl fcollops; Jlem-leaves embracing the :ftem, with a tooth on each tide near to the fide of the ftem. Li nn. Root-leaves kidney-fhaped, entire, veined, on long leaf-ftalks; iflem-leaves oblong, fitting, {lightly toothed, and in the fpecimen {gathered as mentioned below, much larger than the root-leaves. \Fruit-flalks long, (lender, expanding, fometimes bent back. Pods, ifhaft hardly difcernible. Mr. Woodward. — Stem angular. Root- deaves on long leaf-ftalks, heart-kidney-fhaped,. flefhy; Jlem-leaves fitting, the lower fometimes on fhort broad leaf-ftalks. Petals •fielhy, clear white; claws greenifh. Chives, the 2 oppofite ones H. Yy jth 677 678 TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. |th fhorter. Tips yellow. Pcuch either not notched at the end or fcarce fenfibly fo, fmooth; partition double. Seeds rough. With-.. Scurvy-grafs . Scrooby-grajs. Sea fliores, efpecially on thofe of Cumberland and Lancsfhirc, where it grows on bare rocks fhooting out from the fiffures of the ftone; alfo near little rills running down the fides of hills at a great dillance from the fea as near Caftleton, Derbyfhire, Penigent and Ingleborough, and on Stanemore, Yorkfhire, n^ar the Spit- tle. Ray. — Cornwall, frequent. Huds. — Rocks on the coaft of Scotland, and on the Highland mountains abundantly. Lightf. . — By the River Ribble near Settle. Curt. — [Marfhes near Yar- mouth. Mr. Crowe. — On a mountain at the head of Conifton Water, Lancafhire. Mr. Woodw. — Caftleton, Derbyfh. on the fide of the hill on which the caftle (lands. St.] A. B. Linn. Huds. A. Mill. Apr. Mav. Notwithflanding this is a native of the fea coaft, it is cultivated in gardens without any ferdible alteration of its properties. It pof- feffes a conliderable degree of acrimony, and this acrimony feems to refide in a very fubtile effential oil. Its effcdts as an anti-fcor- butic are univerfally known; and it is a powerful remedy in the pituitous aflhma, and in what Sydenham calls the fcorbutic rheu- matifm. A diftilled water, and a conlerve, are prepared from the leaves, and its juice is prefcribed along with that of oranges, by the name of anti-fcorbutic juices. It may be eaten as a fallad. Cows eat it. Horfes, Goats, and Sheep refufe it. jS. Huds. Similar to « but fmaller, the leaves, efpecially the flem-leaves, angular. Ray. C. minor rotundifolia nojiras. R. fyn. 303. Coaft of Anglefea about Beaumaris, and coaft of Caernarvon (hire. Ray. 7. H uds. Leaves kidney-fhaped, flefhy, very entire. Linn. Barth, ail. iii. t. 144, I have not feen. Root-leaves very fmall, underneath very convex and flefhy, with out veins, very entire, on long leaf-ftalks. Linn — The Cochlearu which grows on the mountains of Wales, Derbyfhire, Yorkfhire and Weftmoreland, of which I have now plants in my garde from Wales and Craven, yearly fow themfelves, and have conti nued the fame for above 10 years. Richardson in R. fyn. — Th fame is confirmed in Mr. Sherard's garden at Eltham. Dill, it — Miller alfo, who from his manner of fpeaking apppears to havj cultivated it, fpeaks of it as a diftineft fpecies, and fays it is bier nial, but that the C. officinalis is an annual. St. — From the fpec mens I have feen I fufpedt it to be' only a ftarved variety of C. offc valis. Lightf. — My fpecimens above mentioned feemed to anfw< , - equal I IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POUCH. equally to the defcriptions of C. groenlandica and officinalis, except that the leaves are veined. Mr. Woodward. 1 C. groenlandica. LInm. Mill. Mountains of Caernarvonfhire; about Llanberys, plentifully. Huds. — Mountains near Settle. Curt. A. Linn. Huds. B. Mill. C O C H L E A ' R I A da'mea . Leaves halberd-fhaped Danifh or angular, all of them trowel-fhaped.* J H. dan. 100.— Lob. obf. 338. 1, repr. in ic. i. 615. 2, Ger. em. 2ji, and cop. in park. 848. 1, J. B. ii. 939. 2; abridgedinH. oxi ui. 20. 3, and improved in pet. 49. 3. SUm not branened, as in C. officinalis. Suckers trailing. All the ’eaves halberd-fhaped, or egg-lhaped with an angle on each fide of I thebafe. Leaf-ftalks not toothed at the bafe, or embracing the flem. Capfulese gg-fhaped. Linn. — Stems numerous. Mr. Woodw. — Blojs. white. Thlafpi hederaceum. Ger. em. 271. Park. 848. (St.) Sea fhores. Ifie of Walney, Lancalhire, and near Llanbadrick ichurch, Anglefea. Ray.— [Wells, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe.] . B. Linn. Huds. A. Mi ll. May. June. Cows eat it. Horfes, Goats, and Sheep refufe it. C O C H L E A ' R I A ang'lica. All the leaves egg-fpear- JhapecE Linn. Sr.— and indented. Huds. -Root-leaVes pear-lhaped ; flem-leaves fomewhat indented. Mill. Pi. dan. 329, in flower and fruit, excellent. Mr. Lighfoot fays not good.f—Blackw.' 218, in fiower.—Dod. 594. 2, repr. in Lob. *57‘ L tc- ]• 294* r> Cer. em. 401. 2, and cop. in Park. 285. 1, and abridged in H. ox. iii. so. row 3. 2, and cop. alfo in Ger. 324. 2, m flower, all the leaves indented; and yet Mr. Lighfoot J 'peaks of thefe as being near eft to nature. Mr. Lighfoot' s Jpecimens I conclude to have leaves more deeply indented than ufual, vane entire leaves.% Root-leaves fpear-fhaped; ftem-leaves fitting. Linn.-Is it not a variety of the C. officinalis? Huds. -Even the lowermoft leaves an- ^ular, or indented; RAY-many of them are not at all indented. • • “ Omnibus dcltoidibu,," is a fufficient charader, free from confufion or Huioiogy. St. t H« neither the foliage nor habit of our plant. Mr. Woodward nre Lt faH^i ** ™rC refemble our Plant- but ^m-leave, not fo deeply notched or toothed. Mr. Woodward. Y y 2 Engl if 679 Lightf. — 68o TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. Lightf. — Hence it fhould feem that there are 2 varieties, one with indented, the other with entire leaves. In my fpecimens the root-leaves are oval, very entire, and the Jlem-leaves flightly angu- lar. Pouches elliptical, with a very (hort fhaft. St. — Pouches round-, ilh-oval. Mr. Woodward. — .Stem-leaves arrow-fhaped at the bale, embracing the Item. Pouches roundifh, flefhy, much larger than thofe of C. officinalis, and terminated by a longer fhaft about 2-3rds of a line in length. Mr. Woodward. Spoomvort. Sea fhores, in muddy foil. Salt marfhes, Kent and EfTex, where the fait water overflows it every tide. Mill.- — [At Yar- mouth, Mr. Crowe — and on the coaft abundantly. Mr. Woodw. — Ifle of Wight, and King’s Wefton. St.] B. May. Can rarely be made to grow in a garden, or at lead to laft longer ■ there than one year. Mill. — All the above fpecies partake more or lefs of the properties of C. officinalis. Swinefcrefs COCHLEA'RIA Coro' nopus. Leaves with winged clefts. Stem depreffed. — FI. dan. 202, jujl come into Jloxver. — Blackw. 120. — Ger. 340. 2. * — Dod. no, repr.inLob. obj. 240. 1; ic. i. 438. x, Ger. cm. 427. 2, and cop. in Pet. 50. 6^-H. ox. iii. ig. 9. — Tourn. 102. — J. B. ii. 919. 2. — Matth. 851, ill cop. in park. 502. 5. — Park. 502. 2. Stems proftrate. Leaves , fegments fpear-fhaped, the outermoft the larged. Petals white. Capfules hedge-hogged. Scop. St. — Bunches lateral, oppolite the leaf. Pouches kidney- fhaped; cells, each containing 1 feed. Pollich. St. — Stems comprefled, often depreffed along the middle. Root-leaves proftrate, longer than the branches; leajits cut along the fore edge, very entire along the back edge* the terminating one ftrap-fhaped, very entire Bunches with flowers from the very bafe, and fometimes a folitary flower pro- ceeds from the fide of the ftem, juft below the infertion of the bunch. Honey-cup , glands 6, upright, green, blunt, as long a: the tips; 4 of them oblong, compreffed, at the bale of the claw: of the petals; the other 2 cylindrical, narrower, between the longer chives. Tips fhedaing their duft before the opening of tin flower. Pouch kidney-heart-fhaped, terminated by a lhort conica fhaft, depreffed on the fides, with furrows and (harp ridges run ning towards the edge, where they run out into fharpifh points one of the cells not unfrequently empty, in which cafe the fertil feed expands, filling up ahnoft the whole of the leed-veflel, an the fhaft is bent down towards the empty cell. In this laft refpecl it accords with the Myagrum. S r. — Bunches from the bofom of thl leaves. Blofs. white. SwjhI IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POUCH. Swines Crefjes. On rubbilh, road fides, [and dunghills. St.] A. June. — Aug. It is acrid, with fomething of the flavour of Sallad Crefs. 68 1 COCHLEA'RIA Annora'cia. Root-leaves fpear- Horferadifk fhaped, fcolloped; ftem-leaves cut. — Blache. 41 5. — Fuchf. G60, cop. in J. B. ii. 852, abridged in Lonic. i. 160. 1, and imitated with an addition in Trag. 734. — Dod. 678. 1, repr. in Lob.obJ. 173, ic. i. 320. 1, Ger. em. 241. 1, and cop. in Park. 860, and Pet. 49. 11. — Ger. 187. 1. — Malth. 442, cop. vi H. ox. iii. 7. row 3. 2. Blojfoms white. Horfe-radilh. — On rubbifh and fides of ditches, about London; Alnwick, Northumberland, banks of Skipton-beck, and elfe- where in Bolland Craven. Ray. P. May. The root fcraped is in common ufe at our tables as a condiment for fifh, road-beef, &c. and it is ufed for many other culinary purpofes. An infufion of it in cold milk, makes one ofthefafed and bed cofmetics. In paralytic and dropfical cafes it is an ufe- ful ftimulant and diuretic. A drong infufion of it excites vomit- ing. A diddled water is prepared from it. Horfes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine refufe it. The Papilio BraJJicce feeds upon the feveral fpecies. 2. Root-leaves with deeply winged clefts. St. Mr. Wood w. Pel. 4g. 12. COCHLEA'RIA ciid'yma. Curt. cat. n. 270. double podded Mr. Woodward. Lepidium didymum, which fee. I \ Y y 3 868. I'BERIS. 632 TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. 868, I'BERIS. Candy-tuft. „ * Empal. Cup 4 leaves; inverfely egg-fhaped; concave; expanding; fmall; equal; deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; unequal; inverfely egg-fhaped ; blunt; expanding; the 2 outer ones very large; equal ; the 2 inner fmall ; reflected. Claws oblong ; upright. Ciiives. ‘Threads 6 ; awl-fhaped ; upright; the 2 lateral ones fhorteft. Tips roundifli. Point. Seed-bud roundifli; compreffed. Shaft fimple ; , fhort. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Pouch upright ; nearly circular; compreffed ; ' notched at the end ; encompaffed by a (harp border. Cells 2. Partition fpear-fhaped. Valves boat-fhaped ; keeled ; compreffed. Seeds feveral ; fomewhat egg-fhaped. Ess. Char. Blojfoms irregular ; the i outer petals larger. Pouch with many feeds ; notched at the end. bitter I'BERIS ama'ra. Herbaceous. Leaves fpear-fhaped, pointed, fomewhat toothed. Flowers in bunches. — Riv. tetr. iog, Thlafpid. fol. Najlurtii. — J. B. ii. 925. 1. — Ger. 205. 6, ill cop. in Ger. em. 263. 5, on the right hand. Similar to I. umbellatq, (the common Candy-tuft) but fmaller. Li nn." Corn fields about Henley, and other places in Oxfordfhire. Huds. A. June. July. It is cultivated in our gardens. St. 1 naked I'BERIS nudicau'lis. Herbaceous. Leaves indented. Stem naked, fimple. Linn.— Sometimes with 2 or 3 oblong entire leaves. Huds. St. Dod. 103. 2, repr. in Lob. ic. i.. 221 . 2, Ger. em. 276. 2, and dop. in Park. 866. 3, and J. B. ii. 937. 1, and abridged in Pet. 50. 2. — FI. dan. 323. — Ger. 194. 3, cop. in Ger. em. 251. 4, and Park. 828. 7. — H. ox. iii. 19. 5. Stem upright, or trailing. Huds. — Stems numerous, with ufu- ally one fitting leaf below the middle. Root-leaves fpread on the ground in a circle, fmooth, with winged clefts, the terminating lobe large. Fruit-flalks long, {lender, expanding. Pouches fome- what convex on one fide, fiat on the other, bordered with a pro- jecting margin, and marked with a perpendicular line which is the edge of the portion. Mr. Woodward.— Blofs. white. Kajlnriium IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. j X'ajlurtium petrceum. Ger. em. 251, R. fyn. 303. — Btirfa pajiorii minima. Gf.r. em. 276. (St.) Rock Crefs. Gravelly places and very barren heaths. Near Hampton Court, Richmond and Barnes Commons. Ray. — Putney Heath. Mill. — Old ftone pits by the fide of Penfham Field, Woreeflerfhire. Nash. — [About Norwich, frequent, Mr. Pitchf. — and Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodvv. — Between Corby Caftle and Carlille. Sr.] A. May. — July. Order II. SILIQUOSA; SEED-VESSEL a POD. 875. DENTA'RIA. Coralwort. Empal. Cup 4 leaves ; oblong-egg-fhaped ; parallel, but approaching towards the top ; blunt ; deciduous. Bloss.4 petajs; forming a crofs ; circular ; blunt; (light- ly notched at the end ; flat ; ending in Claws as long as the cup. * ' Chives. Threads 6; awl-fhaped ; as long as the cup ; 2 of them fhorter. Tips oblong-heart-fhaped ; upright. Point. Seed-bud oblong ; the length of the chives. Shaft very fliort and thick. Summit blunt ; notched at the end. S. Vess. Pod long ; cylindrical ; cells 2 ; valves 2 ; partition rather longer than the valves. Seeds many; lomewhat egg-fhaped. Ess. Char. Pod opening etajlically ; the valves rolling back. Summit notched at the end. Empalement approaching lon- gitudinally. DENTA'RIA bulbif'era. Lower-leaves winged ; bulbed the uppermofl Ample. — FI. dan. 361. — Cluf. ii. 121. 1, repr. in Lob. ic. i. 687. 2, Ger. em. 984. 1, and cop. in Park. 620. 1; and cop. alfo in Ger. 833- 1.- Bulbs produced from the bofom of the leaves as in the Lilium ibulbiferum , and the fruit in the like manner abortive. Linn. — Y y 4 Stem TETRADYNAMIA S I LI QUO S A. Stem Ample. Leaves, the lower with 3 pair of leafits, and an odd one confluent with the pair beneath; leafits bluntly fpear-fhaped, ferrated; the upper with 3 clefts, or limple, acutely fpear-fhaped, ferrated. Flozvers fielh-coloured. Bulbs from the bofom of the upper leaves, fcaly, which falling offtake root, and produce new plants. It rarely produces feeds. Mr. Woodward. — Blofs. white or reddifh. Bulbs black. Woods and fhady places. Highreede and Foxholes Woods near Mayfield, Suffex. Park. — Old Park Wood, near Harefield. Blackst. — Woods between Beconsfield and Wickham. Huds. P. April. May. Swine refufe it. C 'hryfomela nemorum feeds upon it. 876. CARDAM'INE. Ladiefraock. , / Empal. Cup 4 leaves ; oblong-egg-fhaped ; blunt; rather open; hunched; fmall; deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs; oblong-egg-fhaped ; greatly expanded ; ending in Claim, which are up- right, and twice as long as the cup. Chives. Threads 6; awl-fhaped; the 2 oppofite ones twice as long as the cup ; the other 4 dill longer than them. Tips fmall ; oblong-heart-fhaped ; upright. Point. Secd-bud (lender; cylindrical; as long as the chives. Shaft none. Summit a blunt knob ; entire. S.Vess. Pod long; cylindrical, but comprelfed. Cells 2. Valves 2 ; when they open rolling back in a fpiral. Seeds many; roundifh. Ess. Char. Pod opening elafically ; the valves rolling back. Summit entire. Empalement fomewhat gaping. Linn. — Two honey-cup glands, 1 on each fide, between the Jhorter chives and the empalement. Huds. Obs. In fome fpecies the 2 fhorter chives generally wanting, and in others the petals. In the C. petrcea the valves of the pods open at the bafe, but do not roll back. * Leaves IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. 685 * Leaves fimple. CARDAM'INE bellidifo'Iia.* * Leaves fimple, egg- daify-leaved ? (haped, very entire. Leaf-ftalks long. — FI. dan. 20. — Jacq. viifc. i. 17. 2. — FI. lapp. 9. 2.— (Cluj. ii. 129. 2, repr. in Ger. 260. 8, and cop. in Park. 828. 6, J. B. ii. 870. 1, H. ox. iii. 4. 4, and pet. 47. g, formerly referred to in the Sp. pi. and alfo in the lajl edition of the FI. angl. though ex- prefsly rejected in the 12th and fucceeding editions of the Syjl. veg. in which it is referred to Arabis bellidifolia, but more properly by Jacquin to his A. pumila, fl. iii. 28 1 .) Car damine pumila Bellidis folio, alpina. R. fyn. 300. (St.) Rocks and ftony places. On the rock near the Quarry by Bath ; in Denbighfhire, and near Rippon. Merr. — St. Vincent’s Rock :near Briftol. Mr. Newton in R. fyn. — About Denbighfhire. R. f 'itin.f P . April. May. CARDAM'INE petrce'a. Leaves fimple, oblong, mountain : toothed. — / I!, dan. 366. — Dill. elth. 62. 71, large and (mail fpecimens, and f. 1 , exprejjing the opening of the pods.—Lightf. 15. 2. at p. 347.— Pluk. 1 0 1 . 3.— Pet. 50. 3. Stem fimple. Blojfoms white. Pods, fee obfervation on the genus. Lofty rocks in Caernarvonfh. as Moelynrhudh nearPheflioniog, y Giogvvyn, du y yr Ardhn Glogvvyn, y Carnedh near Llanberys; land on moift rocks above the Lake Layn-du. P. May. June. ' * * Leaves winged. CARDAM'INE impa'ticns. Leaves winged, cut; impatient with leaf-fcales. Flowers without petals. Linn. — Leaf- tftalks widening and toothed at the bafe. Leafits fpear- !i haped, toothed. Floxvers with and without petals . Huns. f. B. ii. 886. 1. — Barr. 155, the feparate bunch and leaves. — Ger. em. 260. 7, cop. in Park. 1241. 4, H. ox. iii. 4. 1, and Pet. 47; 7- — Barr. 155. — (Fl. dan. 735, is a different fpecies, as is evident from its leafits being very entire. Fl'. dan. 184, is Lepid. ruderale.) Foreign * t Mr. Curtis in his cat. very juftly doubts its being a native. The only Jplices of growth mentioned by Mr. Hudfon are from Merret and Ray, who fup- ’ ■Voted their plants to be the P/aniu/a , &c. of Clufius, mentioned above; and *ny friend, Dr. Broughton, in a letter, dated Nov. 15, 1783, informs me, that staving repeatedly fearched for it, in company with Mr. Ford, on St. Vincent’s «R°ckj, but in vain, he was perfuaded that either the Turriti, iirfuta, or Arabit 'Irian of Hudfon, both of which grow there in great abundance, had been ntif- ta?ken for it. St. 686 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. » i Foreign botanifts defcribe it as having petals, but in our coun- ' try, even though fown in a garden, I have never found more than a fingle flower which hadabloffom with white -petals, and larger than thofe of the C. parvifi. and in otherlefpedts dilFeren'r. This I found in the year 1764. Linn. — Root-leaves ofien deeply cut. Ge- neral leaj-ftaihs membranaceous at the bafe, fometimes cut. Petals oblong, white, hardly longer than the empalement, very foon falling off. Huds. — Stem ufually fimple. Stem-leaves very numer-- ous, growing without order, fhorteft towards the bottom of the Item; leafits, .9 pair or more, oval-fpear-fhaped, or fpear-fhaped, deeply cut, the odd one ufually 3-lobed, fmalleft towards the Item, and larger as they approach the end of the leaf. Petals, none in what I examined. Pods, the valves curling up, and throwing out the feeds with confiderable force on touching the plant. Mr. Woodward. — Stem fcored. Leafits jagged, and microfcopicaily hairy at the edges. Leaf-fcales crefcent-fhaped, half embracing the flem. With. — Pelalse itherin the unexpanded or expanded flowers. Specimens both wild and cultivated. Leafits of the upper leaves fometimes entire, and ftrap-fpear-fh3ped. St. Mountainous meadows on the fides of rivulets, on rocks and moift ftony places, in Derbyfhire, Yorlcfhire, and Weflmoreland. Gigglefwick Scar. [Rocks oppofite Matlock Bath, Derbyfhire. Mr. Woodw. — On loofe earth thrown up from a quarry above Lench Ford, nearly oppofite Shrawley, and in Cliffy Wood near Hajrley, Worceflerfhire. St.] A. May, [and June. St.] Swine refufe it. hairy-fialked CARDAM'INE parviflo'ra. Leaves winged, with- out leaf-fcales. Leafits fpear-fhaped, blunt. Flowers with petals. — Curt. iv. 47, C. hirjuta. — Wale, C. hirfuta. — (LI. dan. 148, agrees with it in all refpeSls but in the blojfom, which is Jo veiy large that it mujl be a diflmft fpecies.) Very much refembling C. impatiens, but differs as follows : Stem fhorter, angles not fo fharp. Leaves without leaf-fcales; -leafits fpear-fhaped, blunt, fcarcely toothed, the lowermoft not hand- fbaped, but egg-fhaped ; fmooth. Chives fhorter than thebloffom. Pods as fmall again, upright, on horizontal fruit-ftalks. Linn. — Stem- woolly, efpecially towards the bafe. Leaves hairy with feat- ured hairs; all the leafits on leaf-ftalks, thofe of the root-leaves roundifh; thofe of the ftem-Ieaves heart-egg-fliapedand egg-fhaped, with 1 or 2 teeth on each fide. Huds. — Stem hairy, branched. Leaves fomewhat hairy; root-leaves, leafits roundifh, with 1 or 2 teeth, the terminating one larger, with 3 imperfedt lobes, or bluntly ferrated; IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. I I . ft r rated ; flem-leaves fomewhat narrower, but ftill broad. H\ll. St .—Stem to the middle and upwards, and the leaf-talks', and the lower leaves fomewhat hairy, with fcattered open hairs. Flowers of the hzc of thofe of Tklafpi Bur/a paforis. Petals white. Chives 6. Leers. St.— Stem 6 or 8 inches high, angular, with zigzag flex- ures at the origin of the branches, and covered with foft white horizontal hairs. Leaves f prinkled with hairs on the upper furface, but which are notfo numerous as on the Item; the leaf is 3 or 4 p^ir, with an odd one, thofe of the root-leaves nearly heart-lhaped, and a little indented; thofe of the fern-leaves, efpecially the upper- rnoft, elliptical, with 2 or 3 diftant teeth on each edge. Flowers miad. Chives 6. Lightf. St.— Stems feveral, or Angle, generally upright, fometimes afcending, furrowed, at firft befet with hairs, but in the olderplarits frequently loflng their hairinefs; abouta foot high. Root-leaves, leaf ts very uncertain in their Ihape, in general roundifh, and varying either to oblong-heart, or kidney-ihaped, either indented, or more or lefs angular; unequal at the bafe, nearly fitting, gradually fmaller downwards; the odd one twice as large, nearly elliptical, on a leaf-ftalk; fiem-leaves, leaf ts on lcaf- ftalks, either oblong and flightly indented, or angular, or cut, angles pointed; thofe of the upper-leaves fpear or ftrap-fpear! ftnped, with a few fcattered, faw-like, pointed teeth, and in a wet fituation oblong and very entire. Leafflalks fometimes hairy at tne baf e^Bunchps terminating or from the bofom of the branches, as long again as the leaves. Fruit-fallis bearing flowers nearly from ^ bafe. Percies of the flowers nearly upright, of the fruit between open and expanding, about half as long as the pods. Empal. leaves egg-oblong, fomewhat pointed at the end, upright, purplifh, membranaceous at the edge, with a few hairs on the outflde Petals white, with greeniib veins, upright, regularly tapering down to the bafe, when the flower Hrft opens as long as the empal but continuing to grow they become, as do alfo the chive's, as Ion- again. Clearly diftind from C. hirfuta. Comes into flower as the C.hirjuta is going out. St.- Stems hairy, angular. Root-leaves, ‘’afts 3 or 4 pair, with an odd one, which is broader; circular or oblong, more or lefs toothed or indented, unequal at the bafe, ometimes fmooth; fem-leaves, leafts oblong, the terminating one longer. Flowers in broad-topped fpikes. Empalement coloured. Uives, the 2 oppoflte ones fhorter than the empalement, the other 4 rather longer. Seeds 6, adhering to each flde of the partition WITH. Cardamme hirfuta. Weber.— «. Ho ds. —Cardamme impatiens altera lurjutior. R. fyn. 300. (St.) Shady, wet, and boggy places, Lightf. St. A. May.— July. CARDAM'INE 688 TETRAD Y NAM I A SILIQUOSA. hairy-leaved CARDAM'INE hirfu'ta. Leaves winged. Chives 4.* Scop. 38. at ii.p. 21.— -Pet. 47. 4. — Barr. 455. — J. B. ii. 888, cop. in H. ox. iii. 4. 1 1. — (FI. dan. 148, with blojfums as large as the leajits ; mujl furely be a dijlincl J'pecies. Haller, from its large flowers, is inclined to refer it to C. amara, but then the fleiii is hairy, which ill C. amara' is fmooth.J Upper-leaves bare. Huds. — Stems 3 to 6 inches high, ftraighter, and lefs hairy than thofe of C. parvflora. Stem-leaves, leajits nar- row, nearly ftrap-fhaped and entire. Chives 4. Ligiitf. St. — Stems generally numerous, the central one upright, the reft de- , dining, hairy. Root-leaves very numerous, forming a circle on the ground; leajits roundifh, 3 or 4 pair, with an odd one much larger; flem-leaves, 2 or 3 on each ftem, roundifh or fpear-fhaped. Mr. Woodward. Cardamine hirfuta ft Huds. — Cardamine minor aruenfis. D. Lhwyd , in R. fyn. 300. n. 4. — ( Cardamine impatiens altera hirflitior. R. fyn. 300, is C. parvflora.) (St.) Gravelly foils, moift rocks, fides of rivulets, Lightf. St. — and alfo on ditch banks, dry as well as fhady, and dry marie banks. St. A. and P. Huds. March. — June. St. The young leaves are a good fallad. — It is pretty warm in the mouth, much refembling Water Crefs in tafte. St. « common CARDAM'INE pratenfis. Leaves winged. Leafits of the root-leaves roundifh ; thofe of the ftem-leaves fpear-fhaped, Linn. — very entire. Huds. St. Curt. iii. 30. — Wale. — Sheldr. 109. — Blackw. 223. — Lob. obf. 106. 2, repr. in ic. i. 210. x, Ger. em. 259. r, and cop. in Ger. 201. 1. — Cluf. ii. 128. 2, repr. in Dod. 592. 2, Lob. obf. 106. 3, ic. i. 210. 2, Ger. em. 259. 2, and cop. in Ger. 201. 2, Park. 826.2, and 1239./. 4, H. ox. iii. 4. 7, and Pet. 47. 5. — Lonic. i. 159. 5. — Fuchf. 325, cop. in J. B. ii. 88g. 1. — Trag. 83. 1. — Matth. 488, cop. in Ger. 202.4, reprefent the leaves and flem with bunches of flowers fupplied by the artifl's fancy or imper- feSl memory. fips yellow. Wiggers. Curt. — Blofs. with always fome tinge of purple. Curt. Mr. Woodward. — Leajits of the lower ftem- leaves egg-fhaped, higher up fpear-fhaped, thofe of the upperftrap- fhaped. * Mr. Hudfon, confidering this and the C. parviflora to be one and the fame fpecics, comprehends them both under the following charadter. St. C. birjuta. Leaves winged. Leafits of the root-leaves roundifh-heart-fhaped ; thofe of the ftem-leaves egg-fhaped, toothed, on leaf-fialks, Hvpt. — CL’ivtt 4 and 6. Huds. IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. fhaped. Mr. Woodward.— Sometimes throwing out roots from the mid-rib of the bottom of the leaves. Shaft upright. Curt. Cuckow Flower. — Meadows and moift paftures. P. Apr. May. The virtue of the flowers in h.yfteric and epileptic cafes, was firft mentioned by Ray, in his letters, publifhed by himfelf; and i lince then by1 Dr. Baker in the Med. tranf. i. 442. The dofe is from 20 to go grains twice a day. Do they not aeft like the Eryfmum cheirantkoides in the epilepfies of children, and cure the difeafe by deflroying the worms in the flomach and inteftines, which were the caufe of the fits? I have accounts of their fuccefs in young epi- leptics, from good authority; but have never been fortunate enough to fee them of much ufe in hyflerical cafes. — Goats and Sheep eat it. Horfes and Siyine refufe it. Cows are not fond of it. 1 CARDAM'INE ama'ra. Leaves winged. Suckers bitter from the bofom of the leaves. Linn. — Leafits of the ftem- leaves angular, fitting. St.* — Suckers not always to he found. Lightfoot. Curt. iii. 30. — Herm. par. 203. — J. B. ii. 885. — C. B. pr. 45. 1, cop. in Park. 1239. 3, and abridged in Pet. 47. 1. — (Scop. 39, has fimple leaves. — LI. dan. 184, has a hairy Jlem.) Suckers creeping. Petals more upright than in C. pratenfis. Tips purple, not yellow. Linn. — Petals pure white. Hall. Mr. Woodward. St. — Stem fmooth. Leafits fmooth, but the edges fringed with exceedingly minute hairs, thofe of the ftem-leaves oblong, the angles terminated by a ftnall tooth, Curt. St. — fometimes obfeurely indented, fometimes between indented and toothed, with diftant faw-like teeth, the uppermoft often fpear- fhaped. St. — Root and Jlem-leaves alike; leafits 3 or 4 pair, round- ilh, but fomewhat angular; with an odd one larger, thofe of the uppermoft egg-fhaped, fometimes almoft fpear-fhaped, toothed. Mr. Woodward. — Stem angular, ftrong, and almoft woody. Suckers round, crooked. Leafts irregularly indented, and thinly let with little teeth. Bunches terminating and lateral, the lateral ones fometimes horizontal. With. Bitter Creffes. Near purls of water, rivulets, on the banks of rivers, boggy places, and moift meadows and paftures. Dorking, Surry; Brain- tree; Eflex; Middleton, Warwickfhire; Lewifham, Harefield, Uxbridge, Batterfea, Chelfea, and G. Comberton, Worcefterfh. [Norwich. Mr. Crowe. — Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. — Above * Foliolis caulinis angulatis feffilibus, St. , / I 689 I / % TETRAD Y NAM IA SILIQUOSA. Above Worcefter. St. — Alton, near Birmingham. With.] P. Apr. May. Sheep eat it. Cows arc not fond of it. Linn. The young leaves are acrid and bitterifh, but do not talte amifs infallads. Lightf. — The leaves are pungent> bitter and aroma- tic, in fuch a degree as to promife very connderable medical ufes. With. — The papilio Cardamine lives upon the different fpecies. 877. S I S Y M 'BRIUM. W ater-crefs. Empal. Cup 4 leaves; fpear-ftrap-fhaped ; expanding; coloured ; deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs ; oblong; expanding; generally fmaller than the cup. Claws very fmall. Chives. Threads 6; longer than the cup; the 2 oppofite dues fomewhat (hotter. Tips fimple. Point. Sced-hud oblong ; thread-fhaped. Shaft very (Irort. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Pod long ; crooked; hunched; cylindrical. Cells 2. Valves 2; ftraight ; rather fhorter than the partition. Seeds many; fmall. Ess. Char. Pod opening; with Jlraightipi valves. Empal. and blojfom expanding. Ons. In S. Jylv. and ampkib. the pod is hunched and very fhort. * Pods jhort ; declining. SISYM'BRIUM Naflur'tium. Pods declining. Leaves winged; leafits nearly heart-fhaped, Linn. — egg-Jkaped. Pollich. With. St. pi. dan. 6go. — Fuchf. 723, cop. in J. B. ii. 884, and Trag. 82. 2. — Dod. 592. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 105. 3, ic. i. 209. 1, Ger. em. 257. 5, cop. in Park. 1239. 1, H.ox. iii. 4. 8, andFet. 47. 2.— Malik. 487, not in fower. — Lonic. i. 1 14. 2. — Black::'. 260. Blojfoms white, terminating. Water-crejfes. — Springs, brooks, and rivulets. B. June. July. This is very univerfally ufed as an early and wholefome fpring fnllad. It is an excellent anti-fcorbutic and ftomachic, with lefs acrimony than the Scurvy-grafs. It is an ingredient in the anti- fcorbutic juices. — A Horfe refufed it, but they have been fome- times oblerved to eat it greedily. St. /3. Huns. Leafits fewer. Ray. Near the Back- Jack, near Peckham Fields. Ray. Huds. -tm IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD.. y. Huds. Leaves fmaller. Ray. Pet. 47. 3. With variety a. Ray. SISYM'BRIUM fylvef'tre. Pods declining, oblong- creepin egg-fhaped. Leafits fpear-fhaped, ferrated. Linn. — Pods cylindrical. St.* Curl. iii. 26. — Gcr. igo, cop. in Ger. 'em. 248. 6, and Park 1242, and abridged in Pet. 46. 5, and H. ox. iii. -6. 17. — Fuchf. 263, cop. in J. B. ii. 866. 2. Root creeping very remarkably. Leafts of the root-leaves fome- •vhat egg-fhaped, thofe of the ftem-leaves fpear-fhaped, Flowers mall, yellotv, pedicles declining. Elofs. a little longer than the empalement. Honey-cup glands 4, in a circle. Seeds generally abortive, it increali'ng fo confiderably by the root. Curt. Mr. Woodward. Water Rocket. — Marfhy and watery places, and banks of rivers. Banks of the Thames, [of the Aire below Leeds; Mr. Wood. — Near Bungay, Suffolk, the only place in Norfolk and Suffolk vhere it has been hitherto found. Mr. Woodw. — On the banks the Severn, near Worcefter. St.] P. June. July. S I S Y MB’R IUM amphib'ium . Pods declining, oblong- Radijh egg-lhaped. Leavesf with winged clefts, ferrated]: Linn. —Leaves entire, and with winged clefts. Petals longer than the empal. Hall. Pollich. Mr. Woodw. St. Water Radijh. Watery places, and banks of rivers. P. June. — Aug. 1. Leaves Ample, tooth-ferrated. Linn. C. B. pr. 38. 1, cop. in Park. 1229. 2, and Pet. 49. 8, and/ air. in H. ox. iii. 7. row 3. 4. — Ger. 180, cop. in Ger. em. 234. 2. — ( Ger. em. 240. 2, is variety 2.) When growing in water of fome depth the leaves below the fur- iace ftrap-fhaped, winged, nearly like thofe of the Hottonia, thofe bove fpear-fhaped, ferrated. Linn. — Stem upright, branched. -eaves fpear-fhaped, varioufly toothed, fmooth, half embracing •he Item. Fruit-Jlalhs much longer than the pods, and much longer Ipan in the S. tcrrejlre. Pod oblong, very fhort, fmooth, at firft IJixpanding, afterwards hanging down. Mr. Woodward. — Ends of the * Siliquis cylindrids. St. t Folio/is, in the 13th and 14th editions of the Syft. veg. is an error of the erefs. St. X Linnaeus's 5. ampbibium comprehends alfo S. lerrejlrt as a variety. St. TETRAD Y NAM I A SILIQUOSA.1 the general fruit-Jlalks often fwoln into a cauliflower-like fubftance, purplifh, and containing fmall grubs of the fame colour. St.— j Stem fmooth, fcored, crooked at the joints. Leaves egg-fpcar- fhaped, fcolloped and fet with little teeth at the edge, with often from i to 3 winged clefts at the bafe. Leaf-Jlalks femi-cylindrical, channelled above. Fruit-Jlalks while in flower about | an inch long, and upright, but afterwards bending back and pointing down- wards. Flower, the whole yellow. Fetals rather larger than the empalement. Shaft cylindrical, thick, more than half the length of the feed-bud, yellow, permanent; when the fruit ripens be- coming greet}, and about half the length of the feed-bud. Fod nearly egg-fhaped, fmooth, green; valves egg-fhaped. Seeds nearly egg- fhaped, comprefled, 3 to 6 perfect ones in each cell. With. Sifymbrium amphibium aquadcum ft Linn. — 5. aquadcum. Pollich. — Radicula Jylvejlris feu palujiris. R. fyn. 301. (St.) In the Fofs at York. Mr. Wood. — Side of the river and wet ditches at Tamworth. With. St. — and of the Severn near Worcefler. Sr. Cows reffflfe it. Sheep and Goats are not fond of it. jagged 2. Leaves with deep winged clefts. St. Ger. 185. 2, cop. in J. B. ii. 867. 2, and Pet. 49. 10. — Lob. ic. i. 319, repr. in Ger. em. 240. 2, and cop. in Park. 1228. 1. Leaves, the clefts extending nearly to the mid-rib, fegments fpear-ftrap-fhaped, pointed, generally very entire, or with 1 or 2 faw-like teeth. Merely a variety growing with that with entire leaves, and having intermediate fpecimens with leaves pretty deeply cut and ferrated, as in Lob. and its copies. St.' [With variety 1. St.] Sifymbrium amphibium terrejlre 7 Linn, on the authority of the figures referred to by Vaill. annual SISYM'BRIUM terref'tre. Root annual. Leaves with winged clefts. Pods full of feed. Curt. — Petals fhorter than the empalement. Haller. Pollich. St. — Pods declining. Mr. Woodward. St. Curt. v. 49. — J. B. 11 . 8C7. 1. — C. B. pr. 38. 2, cop. in Park. 1228.1 ./. 2, H. ox. iii. 7. row 3. 3, and Pet. 49. g. Leaves, fegments confluent with the mid-rib, often pointing backwards, alternate, or in pairs, elliptical, or egg-fhaped, fer- rated, or toothed here and there. Hall. Root fpindle-lhaped, white within and without. Stem upright, or trailing, afoot to a cubit high, angular, reddifh green, fmooth; branches alternate diverging, fub-dividing. Leaves fpear-fhaped, bluntifh; thofe near the root forming a turf, running down to the leaf-ftalk; Jlem-leaves IV. CHIVE$ LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. Mem-leaves alternate, embracing the ftem, 3 to G inches long, 1 or u | inch broad; wings alternate and oppoiite, and one running into another, .fpear-fhaped, bluntilh, ferrated round the edge, the odd one lefs divided but more toothed, all of them of a plea- lant green, frnooth, with a fine veined network underneath; the upper leaves more deeply ferrated and eared at the bafe. Bunches erminatiog the ftem and branches. Flowers final!, when expanded •omewhat more than 2 lines in diameter. Empalment green , yel- owat the edge, fomewhat more than a line in length, and f of a ine broad. 'Petals yellow, blunt, very entire, fomewhat Ihorter han the empalement, 1 line long, and hardly a broad. Threads Pf greenilh yellow. Tips fmall, roundifh, yellow. Seed-bud ftrap- haped, cylindrical. Shaft, fcarcely any. Summit a knob, yellowifh. Honey-cup glands none. Polli ch. Mr. Wood ward. —Upper leaves, wings fpear-fhaped, toothed, the terminating one deeply indented. •vlr. Wo oddward.— Threads of the general jhiit-Jlalhs fometimes mvelling into a kind of cauli-flower-like excrefcence, within which fmall yellow grub is found. Sr. Sifymbrium amphibium palujlre. Linn . — 5. palujlre . P o l l i 0 h . (S. takjlre repens, parvo fore. Vaill. par. i8fi, is faid to be peren- nial.) St. Edges of wet ditches, and on ground apt to be occafionally . verflown in the environs of London, as Tothil-fields, and be- ween the Magdalen Hofpital and Lambeth Marfh. Curt. IBungay Common, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. — Near Stafford, n the road to the Caftle-hill. St.] A. June.— Sept, I * * Stem naked, [or with few leaves. With.] S I S Y M L R I U M mura'le. Stem with few or no zvcdl eaves, roughifh, afeending. Leaves fpear-fhaped, in- iented-ferrated, fmoothifh. — Brafjtca muralis. Huds. which fee. 1 1 SISYM'BRIUM monen'fe. Stem without leaves. IJle of Man weaves between winged and toothed. Stalks frnooth.— BraJJica monenfis. Huds. which fee. * * * Leaves winged. SISYM'BRIUM So'phia. Petals fmaller than the Flixweed mpalement. Leaves doubly compound-winged. KM. II. Ludw. 6g4 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. Luiw. 73 ,-Fl. dan. 528.'- ShtUr.-Doi . .33. *. refrain Lob. obf: 426. 1, ic. i. 738. 2, Ger. em. 1068, and cop. in Paik. 830. 3, andftf. 46. 12 .—Fuchf. 2, cop. in J. B. 11. 886. 2, and abridged in Trag. 338.— Ger. 910. 1 find 2.— Lome. Vods lone%tifF, and crooked. Seeds yellow. Blofoms yellow. Flix-weed. — W alls and among rubbilh. A* Jul>’’ The pods retain the feeds all winter, and fmall birds feed upon them The force of a gun is faid to be augmented li the gun- powder is mixed with a tenth part of thefe feeds. The plan, ts fometimes preferibed in hyfteric and dyfentenc cafes; and the feeds are given to deftroy worms.— Sheep and Cows eat it. Horles and Goats are not fond of it. Swine reiufe it. broad-leaved SISYM'BRIUM I'rio. Leaves notched, toothed, naked. Stemfmooth. Pods upright.— Jacq. Ji. iv. 322. — Park. 834. 4, cop. in H. ox. iii. 3. ic<.v 3. 3, and Pet. 46. 4. ' Differs from the S. altijjimum as follows: All theses morel toothed, green, notwhitifh; the upper not cut into very longl ftrap-fbaped wings. Stem fhorter, not fo fmooth. tods more| upright, and not lpofe and pendant. L.nn -Stem-lea*! 1 with winged clefts, the upper halberd-fliaped, and fome few Ample and quite entire. JACQ.-Sfem nearly fmooth. Leaves vanoufly toothed and cut, fometimes with winged clefts at the bafe, gene- rally terminated by * long fpear-fhaped lobe; the upper ufually Ample, fpear-fhaped, with 1 or 2 teeth towards the bafe. Pod> long, ftrap-fbaped, upright, but not preffedho the ftem. Fruit • (talks fhort, Mr. Woodward.— Bloffoms yellow. Old walls and amongft rubbifh. A. May. Aug * The very elegant fub-divifions of the leaves not fufficiently exprefled. Mr Woodward. St. 878. ERYSTMUM j| IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. 878. ERYS'IMUM. Worm-feed. Em pal. Cup 4 leaves ; oblong-egg-lhaped ; parallel, but approaching at the top ; coloured; deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs; oblong; flat; very blunt. Claws as long as the cup ; upright. Honey- cup Glands double ; on the inner fide of the fhorter chives. Chives. ' Threads 6 ; as long as the cup ; the 2 oppofite ones (horter than the others. 'Tips fimple. Point. SmWarf ftrap-fhaped ; 4-edged; as loner as the chives. Shaft very fhort. Summit a fmalf knob ; permanent. S-Vess. Pod long ; narrow; ft iff, andftraight; with 4 edges, 2 valves, and 2 cells. Seeds many; fmall ; roundifh. Ess. Char. Pod columnar; exactly 4-fided. Empal. clofed. ERYS'IMUM officinale. Pods preffed to the fpike- hedge Italic. Leaves notched. — Ludw. 187. — FI. dan. sGo.—Sheldr.—Blackw. 28.— Ger. 198. 1, abridged in Pet. 46. 3 ,—Fuchf. 592, cop. in J. B. 863, and Dod\ 714, which repr. in Ger. em. 254. 1, abridged in Trag. 102. 1, and ill cop. in Lonic. i. 165. 1, repr. in ii. 22. 2.— Lob. adv. Gg, repr. in ic. i. 206. 1, and cop. in Park. 833, has the pods expanding.— ( Matth. 572, is E. Barbarea.) Stem cylindrical, frequently purple, particularly at the angles f the branches. Branches very expanding. Pods roundifh, fomewhat tawl-fhaped, prefled fo clofe to the fpike-ftalks as to appear naked, HMr. Woodvv. — Stem hairy, branched towards the top. Branches safeending. Leaves flightly woolly, the lower winged, the upper ihalberd-fhaped. Empalement about half as long as the petals. Blofsi yellow. Seed-bud cylindrical, tapering upwards. Summit flat, with a Shallow nick. Pod conical, fcarce fenfibly 4-cornered, hairy. •Seeds oblong. With. — Flowers in long fpikes, terminating. Hedge Mujlard. Bank Crejfes. Scrambling Rocket. Under walls and hedges, road fides and among rubbifh. - A. May. June. It is warm and acrid to thetafte; and, when cultivated, is ufed ns a fpring pot-herb. Birds are fond of the feeds. Sheep and Goats eat it. Cows, Horfes, and Swine refufe it. By means of this herb a hoarfenefs, occafioned by loud fpeaking, *vas cured in 3 days, by Rondeletius. Linn, — “ Juice of Hedge ^ z 2 “ Muftard 1 695 TETR ADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. “ Muftard is beyond any thing in ulcers of the throat. Tins was “ found by experience by the Honourable Hairy Gray, fl* « « when all advice of Doctors and Surgeons availed nothing. 1 his “ from his own mouth.” Manufcript note in a copy of Parkinion ' which formerly belonged to Mr. Saunders, lurgeon, at Stour- bridge. Rocket ERYS'IMUM BarWreu. Leaves lyrte-fhaped, the terminating i'egment circular. __ . 1 [/Yale. Cer. 1 88 . — Fitchf. 746, cop. in J. B. ii. 869, abudged in, ■ Frag. 101.2, and Louie, i. 165. 2. — Dod.'jii. 1, repr. in . Lob°. obj. 104. 2; ic. i. 207. 2, Ger. em. 243, and cop. in Park. 820, H. ox. iii. 5- 11 and l2> and PeL 46- l~ Matlh' Honey-cup glands 4, 2 between the longer chives, and 2 fupport- ing the fhorter chives. Lyons. — Stem fmooth, cylindrical, deeply furrowed, much branched. Flowers numerous, at the top of the branches. Pods with 4 obfeure angles. Mr.WooDW .—Pods upright, parallel to the fpike-ftalk. Sx. -Stems ftrong, with about 8 deep furrows, and as many (harp ridges. Leaves half embrac- . jng the Hem, winged, the terminating leafit egg fhaped, notched. Empal. leaves in the flowers not yet expanded green, and 2 of them larger with a helmet-fhaped hollow at the top. Pods long, (len- der, fomewhat cylindrical, (lightly flatted, not very Tenfibly 4- edged. BloJJbms yellow. With. - Whiter Crejes. Winter Rocket. Walls, banks on the (ides of running dreams, watery places, , and fometimes in cultivated fields. . r „ ,P* Ma** The common people in Sweden ufe the leaves in fallads, early in the fpring, and late in the autumn; they alfo boil themasCale. It is fown in gardens as an early fpring fallad, Linn.— and alio in .England where it is called French Crete. St. Cows eat it. Horfes and Swine refule it. Goats and Sheep are not fond of it. „ B. Leaves fmaller, and more frequently fcolloped. Kay. Pet. 46. 2. Blojfoms yellow. A. Dill. Pet. Apr. Garlick ERYS'IMUM Allia'ria. Leaves heart-fhaped.— , Ludw. 77. — Curt. ii. 24 .—Walc.—Fuchf. 104, cop. mj. B.u. 883, Louie, i. 160. 2, and Frag. 86. — Matth. 843. Dod. 686, repr. in Lob. obj. 285. 3, ic. i. 530. 1, Ger. cm. 794* and cop. in Park'. 112. 5, and H. ox. iii. 10. 6. Ger. 650, abi. in Pet. 45. 1. — Blackw. 372. Stem IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. Stem cylindrical, fmooth, but near the root hairy. Leaves al- ternate, fmooth; the lower bluntly fcolloped, blunt at tile end; the upper fharply toothed, taper-pointed; the root-leaves fmaller, on longer leaf-italks. Flowers white, in broad-topped fpikes. Empal. leaves oblong, white, falling off. Petals blunt. Honey-cup glands 4, 2 between the longer chives, 2 fupporting the fhorter chives. Lyons. — Stem fmooth. Leaves indented, fmooth. Leaf-Jlalks fmooth, except a few hairs at the bafe. Mr. Woodward. — Stem cylindrical. Leaves bluntly and irregularly ferrated, alternate, on leaf-ftalks. Flowers in a broad-topped fpike. Honey-cup glands 4, 1 on'the outlide of each pair of longer chives, and 1 fupporting each of the fhort chives which grow in a cavity at the top of them. With. Jack-by-the-hedge. Sauce-alone. Hedges, ditch banks, and fhady places. P. May. The Pruflians eat the leaves along with falted meats in the fpring. They are ufeful with Lettuce and the colder fallads. The feeds excite fneezing. Cows and Goats eat it. Horfes, Sheep, and Swine refufeit. The Curculio Alliaria feeds upon it. Linn. When it grows in poultry yards the fowls eat it, and it gives an intolerable rank talte to their flefh. With. ERYS'IMUM cheiranthoi'des. Leaves fpear-fhaped, very entire. Pods open. Linn. — Leaves toothed. Pods upright. Huds. St. Jacq. /?. i. 23. — Lob. obj. 112. 1, repr.inic. i. 225. 1, Ger. em. 273.4, and cop. in Park. 868. 3, H. cx. iii. 5. 7, and Pet. 45. 2. — J. B. ii. 894. 1. — FL dan. 73 1 , pods fpear-jhaped, Jialted! In habit very much refembling the Cheiranthus eryfimoides } except in its fmaller flowers, and its pods, which are nightly expanding, or at a diftance from, not near to the Item. Summits fmall, fcarcely divided. Linn. — Seeds oblong, yellowifh brown, intenfely bitter. Ray. Mr. Woodward. — Stem 1 to 2 cubits high, rough, ftiff, quite flraight, fcored, generally fim pie, fometimes a little branched. Leaves very entire, roughifh, the mid-rib running down the Item, the uppermoft fometimes a little toothed. Blofs. fmall, yellow. Pods quadrangular, ftanding out, but upright. Lyons. — Leaves a little toothed, and more fo than thofe of Cheiranthus eryfimoides. 1 Mr. Woodward. — Stem fomewhat angular, roughifh. Leaves Scattered, upright, with a few very fmall teeth fcarcely obfervable, roughifh to the finger drawn backwards, with a very fine downi- nefs. Shaft very fhort, blunt. Petals about 2 lines long, fcarcely 1 Z 7. 3 broad. 'Treacle \ X 698 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. - v N broad. Pollich. St .—Shaft not longer than the fummit. Summit blunt, about the thicknefs of the fhaft. St .—Empalement yellow, and the points yellow. Pods terminated by a minute fummit. Retz. St. Treacle Worm-jeei. Ofier-holts, and banks of the river near Ely; Afhburne, Der- byllrire; and corn fields about Elden, Suffolk. [Amongft turneps near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] A. July. The country people give the feeds to deftroy worms, and with good effedt. — Horfes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. 879. CHETRANTHUS. Gilli-flower. Empal. Cup 4 leaves; compreffed; fpear-fhaped; con- cave; upright; parallel, but approaching towards the top ; deciduous ; the 2 outer hunched at the bafe. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs; circular; longer than the cup. Claws^z s long as the cup. Chives .‘Threads 6; awl-lhaped ; parallel; as long as the cup; 2 of them fhorter, and hunched at the bafe. Tips upright ; cloven at the bafe ; fharp and reflected at the top. A Honey-cup gland furrounding'the bafe of each of the fhort chives. Point. Seed-bud prifm-fhaped ; with 4 edges; as long as the chives ; with a fmall tubercle on each fide the bafe. Shaft very fhort ; compreffed. Summit ob- long; cloven; refle&ed ; thick; permanent. S.Vess. Pod long ; compreffed; with 2 oppofite angles obliterated and marked with a little tooth. Cells 2 ; valves 2 ; fhaft very fhort ; fummit cloven ; upright. Seeds many; pendant; alternate; fomewhat egg-fhap- ed ; compreffed ; with a membranaceous border. Ess. Char. Seed-bud midi a glandular tooth on each fide. Empalement clofed ; 2 of the leaves hunched at the bafe. Seeds Jbat. Obs. The little tooth on each fide of the feed bud in fome fpe- j cies almoft difappears, in others it is of confiderable fize. In the ♦ C. tricujpidatus the pod has 3 points at the end. wild CHEI'RANTHUS eryfimoi'des. Leaves fpear- fhaped, toothed, bare. Stem upright, quite Ample. Pods 4-cornered. Linn. — Leaves very entire. Huns. Leaves IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. 6gg Leaves generally very - entire, but the lower in fome fpecimens with /mail teeth. Jacq. 7 acq. f. i. 74, as Jacq. and Murr. what Linnaeus fays in the want.' pi. refers to Jacq. enum.- Cluj. i. 299. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 457. 4» C0P • *n Park.- 625. 2, H. ox. iii. 8. 18, and alfo in Ger. 373* 4- — 7* P- ii- 873. 2- — Zanon. 87, leaves too Hunt. — ( 86 , is more 'like Eryfimum cheirantlioides. — Ft. dan. 229, is E. hiera- cifclium .* — Jacq. ft. i. 75, is C. alpinus.) Flowers of the fize of thofe of BraJJtca oleracea. Empalemenl green, not fea-green, fmooth. Summit as thick as the pointal, divided to the bafe into 2 lobes. Seed-buds cottony. In appearance ap- proaches very near to Eryfimum cheiranthoides, and hieracifolium. Linn. Mr. \7oodw. — -Seeds not intenfely bitter. Mr. Woodw. — Stems branched, bordered, in which point it differs from the genus Cheiranthm. Hall. St. Ofier-holts about Godftow near Oxford, and Eaft Grinftead, Suffex. B. June. July. CHEI'R ANTHUS Chei'ri. Leaves fpear-fhaped , wall pointed, fmooth. Branches angular. Stem (hrubby. — Skeldr. 12. — Ludw. 157. — Wale. — Ger. 371. t. — Fuchf. 458, cop. in J. B. ii. 872, and abridged in Frag. 560. — Matth. 877. — Dod. 160. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 179. 1, ic. i. 330. 1, Ger. em. 456. r, and cop. in Park. 625. 1, H. ox. iii. 8. 15, and pet. 45. 3. — Blacker. 179, the parts of fruSlif cation. ( The Jlem and bunch of flowers is a garden variety. J Stem woody, a foot high, afeeriding. Branches angular. Leaves crowded, upright, fpear-fhaped, with few ferratures, fmooth, concave. Leaf-jlalks hardly diftindl from the leaves. Fruit-Jlalks 4-cornered. Chives, 4 fomewhat longer. Glands 2, fupporting the fhorter chives. Summit flightly cloven. Lyons, — Blofs. yellow. Bunches terminating. Wall-fower. Wild Cheir. Old walls and roofs. P. May. June. It has found a place in our gardens, where it has produced a confiderable number of varieties, but none which have a more delightful feent than the wild one. The Phalana melipuloja, and Pronuba, feed upon it. Linn. A Horfe refufed it . St . * Oader. Reich. Mr. Woodward, St, Z z 4 CHE- I 700 pricklepodded 1 jhentkfs TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. CHEI'RANTHUS fmua'tus. Leaves cotton)', blunt} fomewhat indented ; thofe of the branches entire. Pods hedge-hogged. — • fob. adv. 140, repr. in ic. i. 330. 2, and Ger. em. 460. 2, and enlarged in Ger. 374. 2. — J. B. ii. 876. t. Whole plant cottony, hoary. Stem upright. Root-leaves broad- fpear-fhaped, alternataly toothed, blunt; Jlem-leaves fpear-fhaped, blUnt, channelled, with 2 pair of blunt teeth about the middle; branch-leaves entire, not toothed. Petals flefh-coloured, blunt, whitifh atthe bafe. Pods very long, cottony. Linn. Leucoium marinum purpureum Lobelii. Qer. cm. 460. (With.) Sandy fea fhores of Caernarvonfh. Anglefea, and Cornwall, and on the rocks at Aberdovie, Merioneth fhire. B. June. July. ♦ 881. HES'PERIS. Damewort. Empal. Cup 4 leaves ; ftrap-lpear-fhaped ; parallel; ap- proaching towards the top ; and open at the bafe ; deciduous ; the 2 oppojite ones hunched at the bafe. Blo'ss. 4 petals; forming a crofs ; oblong ; the length of the cup; a little bent obliquely to the left; ending in taper Claws which are as long as the cup. Chives. Threads 6 ; awl-fhaped; as long as the tube ; 2 of them only half as long. Tips narrow ; upright ; reflefted at the top. ~Honcy-cup Glands tapering ; placed between the (holder chives and the feed-bud; furrounding tire chive. Point. Seed-bud as long as the cup ; prifm-fhaped ; with 4 edges. Shaft none. Summit divided ; placed in- wards ; oblong ; upright ; forked at the bafe ; ap- proaching at the top ; fhrivelling. S.Vess. Pod long; comprelfed and flat ; fcored. Cells 2 ; values 2 ; as long as the partition. Seeds many; egg-fhaped ; comprelfed. Ess. Char. Petals bent obliquely. A gland betiveen the Jhorter chives. Pod quite Jiraight. Summit forked at the bafe ; approaching at the point. Empalement elefed. HES'PERIS inod'ora. Stem (imple, upright. Leaves fomewhat halberd-fhaped, toothed. Petals blunt. — fact], jl. iv. 34^7. — Rupp, a Hall. 1. at p. 78. — J. B. ii. 878. 2.— Cluj. i. 297. 1, repr. in Dod, 1G1. 1, Lob. obf. 175. 1, ic. i. 323- IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. . \ ' * 323. 2, Ger. em. 462. 1, and cop. in Park. 1682. 3, and ill. abridged in H. ox. iii. 10, row 1.1* Solike H. matronalis as to be fcarcely diftinguilhable but by a very experiencedbotanift, but the/eaws are nearly halberd-fhaped, with a tranfverfe bafe, ftrarply toothed, efpecially at the bafe, fofter, and not fo rough. Empalement not coloured. Petals blunt, with- out a point. Chives not projecting beyond the tube of the flower. Linn. — Leaves roughifh, and woolly on both fides, with fharp tooth-like ferratures, fpear-fhnped, both broad and narrow. Petals very entire, or flightly nicked, white, flefh-coloured, purple, or purplifh red; claws pale, longer than the empalement. Jacq. — Leaves egg-fhaped, tooth-ferrated, pointed, nearly fitting : I have not feen any halberd-fhaped. Huds. Paftures and hedges. On the banks of the rivulets about Dale- head, Cumberland; and Grafsmere, WeftmOreland. Ray. B. Linn, and Huds. — P. for 10 years. Jacq. — May. June. I 882. AR'ABIS. Turkey-pod. Empal. Cup deciduous; leaves parallel, and approaching at the top ; 2 of them oppofite ; oblong- egg-fhaped ; (harp ; a little prominent at the bafe ; hunched; concave ; the other 2 ftrap-fhaped; upright. Bloss. 4 petals; forming & crofs ; egg-fhaped; expand- ing; ending in Claims as long as the cup. Honey-cups 4 ; each compofed of a little, reflected, permanent fcale, fixed to the receptacle at the bottom, and on the inner fide of the leaves of the cup. Chives. Threads 6; awl-fhaped ; upright; 2 as long as the cup; 4 twice as long. Lips heart-fhaped ; up- right. > Point. Seed-bud cylindrical ; as long as the chives. Shaft none. Summit blunt ; entire. S.Ve'ss, Pod comprelfed ; very long ; ftrap-fliaped ; un- equal from protuberances occafioned by the feeds. Valves almoft as long as the partition. Seeds many; roundifh ; comprelfed. * The figure of Clufius is referred by Linnatus to H. inodora, and that of Dod. tho’ a re-imprelfion from the fame block, to II. matronalis. — C. B. refers them both to H, matronalis. Sr, Ess. > 701 # .\ 1 )2 TETRAD Y NAM I A SILIQUOSA. Ess. Char. Honey-cup Glands, 4 ; 1 within each leaf of the empalement, like a reflected feale. Qss. This genus is diftinguifhed from the Cheiranthus by the honey-cup, and from the Hefperis by the fummit. Moufe-ear AR'ABIS thalia'na. Leaves on lea f-flalks, fpear- fnaped, very entire. Linn.— Root-leaves egg-fpear-ihap- ed, toothed, rough with prominent points. Curt.— Leaves entire, or too} lied. Hall. Mr. Woodward. Curt. jp 13. — Pollich. ii. atp. 243 .—Pluk. 80. 2 ,—J. B. ii. 870. 2, imitated in FI. ox. iii. 7. 5.— Pet. 43. 2 .—Thai j.D, cop. in Pet. 48. 1.— Barr. 269, and 270.— (Crantz. 1. 3. 2, has petals 3 or 4 times as large.) # Root-leaves difpofed in a circle on the ground, hairy; thoie or 'the Rem nearly'fmooth. Flowers fmall . Petals white. Hall. St. —-Stem, the lower half hairy, the upper fmooth. Retz. St.— Stem 1 inch to more than a foot high. Leaves, hairs at the bale Ample, thofe on the edges and furface dividing into 2 and 3 forks. Curt. I St Honey-cup Glands fo very minute as fcarcely to be difcoyercd - even with a magnifier. Curt. — Root-leaves on leaf-ftalks, a little ferrated; Jlem-leaves very entire. Mr. Dickenson.— Leaves fome- I times nearly ferrated. Mr. Woodvv. St.— Stem Ample, or branch- ed; hairs Ample, tapering. Leaves forked, the forks expanding, tapering, pointed; root-leaves oblong-fpear-fhaped, blunt; Jlem- ieaves fpear-fhaped, nearly Atting, fringed. Empalement fmooth, fometimes with Ample hairs at the end. Petals upright, m which refpedl it accords .with lurritis. St. Codded Moufe-ear.— Walls, roofs, and dry fandv paftures; [and cornfields. St.] _ . A. March.-May. Sheep are not fond of it. Swine refufe it. 1 3 . Huds. Stem-leaves fmooth. Ray. • Pluk. and Pet. as above, but it does not appear to be entitled to the dif- tin&icn even of a variety. rouHi AR'ABIS j Iric'la . Leaves toothed, rough with hair ; thole of the root fpatula-lhaped, thole of the ftem halt embracing the ftem, oblong. Pods 2-edged, upright. ' Huds. Crantz. i. 3. -2. Root branched. Stems feve ral, 6 inches high, herbaceous, Am- ple, upright, cylindrical, woolly at the bafe, fmooth above. Root- leaves many, fpatula-fhaped, toothed, and cut-toothed, rough with hair, hairs long, white; Jlem-leaves 3 or 4, half embracing the ftem, oblong, toothed, rough with hair. Flowers in bunches, Inrp-e* L II V. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. large, white. Fruitfalks { hort. Petals inverfely egg-fhaped, very entire; as long again as the empalement. Pods upright, quite Straight, i| inch long, 2-edged, 4-cornered at the bafe, fcored. •Seeds roundilh, brown. Huds. Mr. Woodward. St. — Leaves purple underneath. Crantz. St. — Petals as long again as the era- palement. Glands forming a kind of ring round the bafe of the "hives. H a l l. St . — Pods fometimes conAderably expanded. Hall. Mr. Woodward. — Floral-leaves ftrap-fpear-fhaped, at the bale of 1 :he lower fruit-ftalks.-Mr. Woodward. — Stems below rough with white hairs. Root-leaves of the larger plants cut in a wing-cleft manner, fegir.ents blunt, fhining underneath; hairs moflly forked. \Floral-leaves very entire, generally fringed at the ends. Empalement dirty yellow, tinged with purple. Petals oblong-wedge-fhaped, gradually tapering down to the bafe, yellowilh white, and white ii'ometimes tinged with purple. Chives nearly of an equal length. ‘Seed-bud becoming longer than the bloffom before it falls. St, Arabis thaliana. Crantz. i, 39. — Cardamine pumila Bellidis folio , alpina. R. fyn. 3001 (St.) Rocks and ftony mountainous fituations. St. Vincent’s Rock mear Briftol, Ray. Huds. [in great plenty. Dr. Broughton and Mr. Ford.] ' A. May. AR'ABIS 7 urri'ta. Leaves .embracing the flem. Pods tower ibowed down, flat, ftrap-fhaped. Empalements fomewhat nvrinkled. — Jacq. f. 1. II. — Cluf. ii. 126. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 272. 2, cop. in Park. 852. 2, Pet. 47. 1, and abridged in H. ox. iii. 2. 23. — Barr. 353. — ( FI . dan. 62, is A. alpha. — Crantz. i. 3. 2, is not referred to either by Jacq. or Crantz . himfelf as A. Turrita.J Stems a foot high, fcarcely branched. Root-leaves oval-oblong, ithick, hoary, waved at the edge; Jlem-leaves toothed, the upper , imofl ferrated, not fo hoary. Pods compreffed, nearly fitting, ifmooth, ftiff, alternate, bent on the lower fide. Flowers ftraw- scoloured. Linn. — Glands as in Brajfica. Mart. — Root woody. .‘■Stem upright, cylindrical, rough with hair, Ample, 9 inches high, \Root-leaves on leaf-ltalks, egg-fhaped, toothed, pointed, rough' •with hair; jlem-leaves oblong, toothed, cottony. Flowers upright, iwhite. Fruit-Jlalks fhort. Glands within the fhorter, and without Ithe longer chives. Pods long, compreffed. Shaft lhort, permanent. ■‘.Seeds round, compreffed. Lyons. — Stem 1 to 2 feet high, cylin- drical, fcored, downy, generally Ample. Leaves hairy on both Ifides; root-leaves oblong, thick, greyifh, waved at the edge; Jlem- lleaves Amilar, toothed, regularly decreafing upwards in fize; the 1 upper more pointed, rather ferrated than toothed, notfo grey. Pods very 7°3 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. very long, fmooth, ft'rap-fhaped, comprefled, on fhort fruit- ftalks, riling at the bafe, and then bent downwards, forming an elegant curve. Mr. Woodward. Old walls and ftony places. On Trinity and St. John s College Walls, Cambridge. Mart. [Mir. Woodward.] A. June. hairy AR'ABIS hirfu'ta. Scop. Wiggers. ‘ Turritis hirfuta, which lee. » 883. TURRI'TI S. Towerwort. Em pal. Cup 4 leaves ; oblong-egg-fhaped ; parallel, but approaching towards the top; deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs; oblong-egg-fhaped; blunt; upright; entire. Claws upright. Chives. "Threads 6; awl-fhaped; upright; as long. aS the tube ; 2 of them fhorter. ‘1 ips fimple. Point. Seed-bud as long as the blolfom; cylindrical; a little comprelfed. Shaft none. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Pod exceedingly long ; ft iff and ftraight ; with 4 edges ; but 2 ol the edges, which are oppofite, almoft obliterated, and fomewhat comprelfed. Cells 2 ; valves 2 ; rather fhorter than the partition. Seeds very numerous ; roundifh ; notched. Ess. Char. Pod very long; angular. Empalement approach- ing; upright. Blofs. upright. fmooth TURRET IS glair a. Root-leaves toothed, rough with hair ; ftem-leaves very entire, embracing the idem, fmooth. — Curt. iv. 44 .—FI. dan. 809 .—Cluf. ii. 126. 1, repr. in Lob. ic. 220. 2, Gcr. cm. 272. 1, and cop. in Ger. 212. 1, Park. 852. 1, H. ox. iii. 2. 22, and Pet. 47. 10. Honey-cnp glands none. Pollich. — Stem 2 to 3 feet high, limple, cylindrical, llightly fcored, fmooth. Root-leaves Ipear-fhaped, ta- pering into a leaf-ltalk, indented towards the bafe, entire up- wards; Jlem-leaves numerous, heart-fpear-lhaped, generally entire, but fometimes llightly toothed, pale fea-green. Pods fmooth, very numerous, lying to the Item, and tiied. Seeds redailh brown. Mr. Woodw. — Root-leaves, hairs forked at the end. St. — Pods when fully grown cylindrical, comprelfed. Blcjfoms greenifh white. Bunches long, terminating. With. ‘Power Mallard. Meadows, IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. Meadows, paftures, pits, and wafte places, in a gravelly foil. Near Chaleton and Lewilham, Kent; near Colchefter, [Spixwort, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward. — Lichfield. Mr. Whately. — Caftle Bromwich. Mr*. Jones. With.— Between Afhbourne and Oke- over. St.] _ ^ A. May. June. The feeds reduced to powder are given in Sweden for pleuritic complaints. „ Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. TURRI'TIS kirfu'ta. All the leaves rough with hair; hairy ftem-leaves embracing the (lera. — Wale. — C. B. pr. 42. 2, cop. in Park. 834. 6, and abridged inPet. 4 7 . 12. — H. ox. iii. 3-5- ' Stem, hairs Ample. Root-leaves oblong, hairs branched. Empal. fmooth. Scop. St.— Stem-leaves, hairs Ample, Scop. — generally forked. St.— Stem Ample. Leaves oblong, blunt. Lyons.— Stim, rough with hair, Ample, not fo tall as that of T. glabra. Root-leaves egg-fhaped, toothed; Jlem-leaves fpear-fhaped, blunt, toothed, half embracing the Item. Pods fmooth, not fo numerous as in T. glabra. Mr. Woodward.— Blofoms white. Bunches terminating. Diftinguifhable from Arabis thaliana by the ftem-leaves embracing the ftem. Sr. Arabis hirfuta, Scop, its honey-cup glands correfponding with Linnaeus’s character of the Arabis. Scop. Wiggers. Wall Crejs. Rocks, ftony places, old walls and caftles, and dry mountainous paftures. Banks beyond Midhurft, Sufiex; Srvitham Bottom, near Croydon; about Settle, Yorkfhire; King’s Park, Edinburgh. Lightf. [St. — Lakenham, near Norwich. Mr. Crowe. — Wif- bech, Bury. Mr. Woodward. — St. Vincent’s Rock, plentifully. Dr. Broughton and Mr. Ford.] P- June. Cow’S refufe it. » \ / * ' / 705 8S4. BRAS'SICA, 7o6, tetradynamia siliquosa. . • 884. BRAS'SICA. Cabbage. Em pal. Cup 4 leaves ; fpear-ftrap-fhaped ; concave; chan- nelled ; hunched at the bafe ; upright ; parallel ; deciduous. B loss. 4 petals ; forming a crofs ; fomewhat egg-fhaped ; flat;- expanding; entire; gradually tapering into Claws, which are nearly as long as the cup. Honey- ciip Glands 4 ; egg-lhaped ; 1 placed between each fhort chive and the feed-bud ; and 1 between each pair of the longer chives and the cup. Chives. 'Threads 6; awl-fhaped ; upright; the 2 oppo- fite ones as long as the cup; the other 4 longer. Tips upright ; tapering to a point. Point. Seed-bud cylindrical ; as long as the chives. Shaft fhort ; as thick as the feed-bud. Summit a knob ; entire. S. Vess. Pod long ; nearly cylindrical, but depreffed on each fide. Partition projecting at the end ; cylindri- cal. Cells 2. Valves 2; fhorter than the partition. Seeds many; globular. Ess. Char. Empalemcnt upright ; approaching. Seeds glo- bular. A gland between the fhorter chives and the pointal, and between the longer and the empalement. * Shaft bluntifh. perfoliate BRAS'SICA orienta'lis. Leaves heart-fhaped, em- bracing the fern, fmooth ; root -leaves rough*, very en- tire. Pods 4-cornered. Linn. — All the leaves fmooth-i Syft. vex. Pollich. O pacq.fi. iii. 282. — J. B. ii. 835. 4 — Cluf. ii. 127. 1, repr. in tDod. 626. 2, Lob. obf. 215. 3, ic. i. 396. 2, Ger. em. 536. 2, and cop, in Park. 580. 9, H. ox. iii. 2, 19 and 20, and Pet. 45. 5, and alfo in Ger. 430. 2. — f. B. ii. 835. 3. Petals white. Linn. Huds. — Too nearly allied to the B. cam- pefiris. Huds. — Stem-leaves egg-fhaped, blunt at the end, heart- fhaped at the bafe, fmooth, fea-green, very entire. Petals white, •with a tinge of ftriuv-coiour. pods flender, pointing upwards, and approaching the Item. Mr. Woodw. BraJfica * t Thcfe contradictions feem to render it probable that the plant given in the hort. ups. and fuppored to be the B. oriental;}, &c. of Tourn. cor. and our European fpecie?, are diftinCt plants. St. TV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. # BraJJica campefris perfoliata fore albo. R. fyn. 293, (Huds. ed. i. !Mr. Woodward. St.) — BraJJica furrita. Wigg. (St.) Corn fields and cliffs on the fea coaft near Harwich, and Bard- fey near Orford, Suffolk, Ray, (St.) — and corn fields near . Godftone and Marfhfield, Suffex. Huds. BRAS'SICA campef'tris. Root and ftem (lender, feld : Stem-leaves uniform, heart-fhaped, fitting. — Jacq. f. iii. 282.* — FI. dan. 550, is referred to by Linnaeus .f — {Ger. em. 536. 2, referred to by Hudfon, is a re-imprejfion cf Clnf. ii. 127. 1, which laft Linnaeus refers to B. orientalis. — J. B. ii. 835. 4, is alfo B. orientalis. J Root-leaves lyre-lhaped, fomewhat rough with hairs ; fem-leaves fmooth. Blojfoms yellow. Linn. — Root-leaves oblong, indented, blunt, rough. Flowers yellow or white. Huds. The only places of growth given by Hudfon are thofe from Ray which really belong to B. orientalis, to which they are above re- ferred. St. A. June. BRAS'SICA Na'pus. The root a continuation of Rape the ftem. fpindle-fhaped. — Ludw. 165. — Blackw. 224. — Wale. — Fuchf. 177, cop. in J. B. ii. 843, Frag, y 30, and-imitated in Louie, i. 191.3. — Lob. obf. 200. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 235. 2, and cop. in Park. 865, and abridged in Pet. 45. 9, and H. ox. iii. 2. row 3. 2. f. 3. — Ger. 181.2. — (Dod. 674, is variety ft. J Root-leaves lyre-fhaped, fmooth; fem-leaves heart-fhaped-oblong, embracing the ftem, a little toothed. Empal. expanding, approach- . ing to that of Sinapis. Li nn. — Stem fomewhat branched, cylindrical, fmooth, about 2 feet high. Leaves fmooth, fea-green. Empal. yellowifh green. Summit a flatted knob. Pod, with frequently 3 or 4 warty excrefences, not occafioned merely by the bulk of the inclofed feeds. A variety with the leaves hairy at the edge. With. — Blojfoms yellow. Wild Kavew. Rape. JFape. This figure is referred to by Hudfon, but Jacquin confiders it as a new fpe* cies, which he calls B. auflriaca, obferving. that the angles at the bafe of the leaves are rounded, and not pointed, as in the figure of the FI. dan. which Linnaeus cites as reprefenting his B. campejlris. He adds too, that the flowers are not in bunches as reprefented in that figure, but in broad-topped fpikes, a few flowering at a time. St. f lam fufpicious of this reference, and Mr. Hudfon does not cite it. Mr. Woodward. On I 7°7 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. On ditch banks, and among corn. B. May. 1 Cows, Goats, and Swine eat it. , The roots of the cultivated variety may be eaten like the T urnep, but they have a ftronger tafte, and its feeds, which are called Cole- feed, afford a large quantity of exprelfed oil, called Rape Oil. What remains after the expreffing of the oil is called Oil Cake, and is ufed for fattening oxen. In Norfolk the cakes are broken to pieces and ftrewed on the land as a manure. It is thought to be a very efficacious one, and is fold from 4I. to Cl. per ton. About half a ton is laid on an acre. Mr. Woodward. * furnep BRAS 'SICA Ra'pa. The root a continuation of the hem, round, depreffed, flefhy. — Blackw. 231.— Fuchf. 212, cop. in Drag. 728. — Malik. 435, imi- tated in Dod. 673. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 98. r, ic. 197. 1, Ger. em. 232. 1, and cop. in H. ox. iii. 2. row 2.1, Pet. 45. 7; and again imitated in Ger. 177. 1. — Ger. 177.2., Root-leaves rough, deeply indented. Empalement yellow. Blobs. yellow. IS. Roots oblong. J. B. ii. 838. — -Mattk. 436, imitated in Dod. 673. 2, Lob. obf. 98. 2, ic. i. 197. 2, Ger.em. 232. 2, and cop. in H. ox. iii. 2. row 3. 2.-/. 1 , and Pet. 45. 8. Tnrneps. Knolles. Corn fields, and borders of corn fields. B. April. The roots are eaten either raw, boiled, or roafted. Pepper is commonly ufed with them. They relax the bowels, and are fup- pofed to fweeten the blood. They are hurtful to pregnant or hyf- terical women, and to thofe who are fubjecA to flatulencies. The juice, well fermented, affords, by diftillation, an ardent fpirit. The rind is acrimonious. If the roots are kept in fand, or in a cellar, during the winter, they fend out white fhoots and yellow- ifh leaves, which, being rather fweet, and not unpleafant to the palate, are ufed as fallad, when other efculent plants are not to be had. But the greateft ufe of Turneps is in feeding Oxen and Sheep in the winter. A Horfe refufed'the young plants, as well as the ftalks in flower. St. common B R A S'S I CA olera'cea. The root a continuation of the ftem, cylindrical, fiefhy. — fea a. fylveflris. Pel. 45. 6. Stem-leaves very much waved, and varioufly indented, fea-green, vyitb frequently a mixture of purple, the lower fomewhat egg- fhaped, IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. fhaped, fitting; the upper moftly ftrap-fhapcd. Flowers large. Empal. leaves egg-fhaped, broad, yellow. Blofs. yellow. Pods fliort, fwelling. Mr. Woodward. — Seeds dufky purple. Sea Colewort. Sea Cabbage. Cliffs ori the fea coaft. Dover Cliffs. Ra y.— Near Harleck Call. Mefionethfhire; Penzance, and other places in Cornwall. Huds. ' Early in the fpring the Sea Cabbage is preferred before the culti- vated kinds; but, when gathered on the fea coaft, it tnuft be boiled in two waters, to take away thefaltnefs. When old it occafions jgiddinefs. The roots may be eaten like thofe of the preceding dpecies, but they are not fo tender. The different varieties of cul- tivated garden Cabbage originate from this, all of which are much iin ufe at our tables. The Red Cabbage is chiefly ufed for pickling. .In fome countries they bury the White Cabbage when full grown iin the autumn, and thus preferve it all winter. The Germans cut them to pieces, and along with fome aromatic herbs and fait, prefs them clofe down in a tub, where they foon ferment, and are -hen eaten under the name of Sour Crout.— The Cabbage, whilft ■foung, is food for the Chryjomela Jaltatoria, and afterwards for the Papilio Brajica. The former may be kept off by ftrewing the ground iwith foot; and it is faid the latter will not touch the plants if they nre whipped with the green boughs of Elder. If Cabbages are fowed or planted for feveral years together in the fame foil, the heads oecome fmaller and the roots knotty. This is occafioned by the arvae of flies.— A Horfe eat the leaves, but did not feem fond of Diem. St. — Cows grow fat upon them. BRAS'SICA mura'lis. Leaves fpear-fhaped, indented- wall serrated, fmoothifh. Stem upright, fmooth. Huds. Hurt, roughijh , amending. Linn. St.— Leaves indented »r with winged clefts. St. Curt. iii. 27. Barr . 13 1 > all the leaves indented. — Fuchf. 262, cop. in J. B. ii. 861.— Ger. 191. 2. — Matth. 531. cop. in Dod. 708. 2, which repr. in Lob. obf. 102. 1, ic. i. 204. 2, Ger. em. 246. 2, which cop. again in Park. 818. 1 .* * Barrelier’s figure is the only one referred to by Linnaeus. Mr. Curtis refers Matth. J. B. Ger. em. and Park. Ray to Ger. Park, and J. B. and Mr. ludfon to Ger. em.Park. and Barr.— Linnaeus, indeed, refers Fuchfius’s figure »th to Sifymbrium tcnuifelium and B. Erucajlrum, and this as well as Matth. tid. Lob. and Ger. are given by C. B. to what Linna?us has named B. Erxcaft. wt the leaves in Fuchf. are not runcinata as in B. Erucajlrum, nor the fegment-r long ftrap-fhaped, and free from ferratures, as they are in S. tcnuifelium.— J. • ii. 85a. 3, is the beQ figure of B. Erucct/lrum. St Vol. II. 7°9 Stems JO TETRAD Y NAM I A S I L I QU O S A. Stems fprinkted with a few Riff hairs, branched and leafy above the bale. Leaves tooth-ferrated, or imperfe&ly and very didantly ferrated, on lcaf-ftalks, fmooth, fprinkled underneath with fomc ■ fcattered hairs, of a pot-herb-like appearance. Flowermg-fialks lone, at firft drooping, and then afcending. • Empalement half ex- pa ndinsr, with a few hairs, vaulted at the top. Blojoms yellow, very blunt, as large as the diameter of the leaves. Pods tmckilh, (lightly compreifed ; valves imperfectly keeled. Differs m but very f-w re (peels from the Sifymbrium monenje. Linn. Mr.l/oomvMiD. -—Very much 'branched from the root. Branches woody. Leaves with nearly winged clefts. Mr. Woodward .-5/m id foot high, upright, cylindrical, woody at the bafe. Learn with winged clefts and jagged, fmooth, expanding, of a difagreeable Rent. Empal. 2 of the leaves almoft upright; 2 hunched at the ends, bent oack, before the blofibm is expanded appearing as if tipped with 2 horns from the projecting points of. 2 of the leaves, which are befet with : or 2 hairs. Petals of the larger fize, twice as large as the em- palement, yellow, with claws. Shaft very fhort. Pods li me. long, round, marked on each fide with a prominent line. Seeds fgg-fhaped, (lightly compreffed. Curt.— Leaves, fegments of thofe with winged clefts ftrap-fhaped-oblong, expanding, toothed, and fometimes quite entire, the terminating one broader, ipear- Ihaped, indented. St. Sifym.brium murale, Linn, which fee. Wild Rocket. Ray. r-. ,Tr Old walls and rubbifh. Walls of Yarmouth, Ray, [Mr. V oor- ward,] Chefter, Taunton Cattle, Lichfield Clofe, Berwick, &c. ]^AY and about London, Briftol, and Exeter. Huns. A. Linn. P. Huds. Curt. May July. All the parts of this plant are confiderably acrid, and have a rank difagreeable fmell. llle of Man • B R A S ' S I C A moncrifis. Leaves tyith winged clefts, winas cut'-femted. Stem nearly naked, trailing. Huds. Leaves indented and winged. Gouan. St. Liehtf. 25. 1. etp. 347, excellent— Pet. 46. 7, in fruit. Dill. ael(h. hi. 135, has leaves with winged clefts, and fegments very entire, a Jiate in xi’hich I have not feen it.* * Dillenius's plant accords much better with the Linn.van character, I am inclined to believe,' a diftinft plant from that of Lightf. and Pet. responds very exafl'y with fome of my fpecimens of B. muralis. St. and is. It cor- Very IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. Very much accords with 5. murale in the fize of the plant leaves, flowers, and fruit. Rod per'ehnial. Leaves with almcft winged clefts, being divided more than half way to the mid-rib ftrap-fhaped, belet wth a few hairs; wings remote, bluntilh’ moftly 7. Stalks upright, fmooth. Empalement clofed. Petals ;yellow, entire Linn.-W and leaves befet with a few hairs I.Huds. Stem fmooth, reclining, from the centre of the leaves’ 10 or 12 inches long, with commonly one leaf towards the bafe’ JtoafWi with generally a few fcattered hairs, efpecially aboui ^ttheir leaf-ftalks; wags 5 or 6 pair, oval, pointed, deeply indented, Home alternate, fome oppolite, increalmg in iut towards the bend, the terminating one larger, with 3 flight lobes, which are l^the H* thC flC\m'ieaf ^ ftrap'fh3ped wlnSs’ a li'tle indented Lonl ihVVer fS' £wpatahairya t the top. Petals twice as long as the empalement. LiGHTF.-S/m with fometimes 1 or 2 branches the uppermoft more than halfway up the Item. Leaves m all the fpecimens I have feen winged; tr/ngjoblong-fpear-lhap- ed (lightly running down the mid-rib, horizontal or widely ex- panding, tooth-ferrated, on the hinder edge frequently cut- 'teeth Expanding, pointed, the lowermofl fometimes bent back; thofe of heftem-leaves orbran.hes ftrap-fhaped, with now and then a faw- lke tooth. St. Ju ^°rCu iUt fa"d>' f0iL BetWeen Kamfey and the town. Sella f 3n ’ Cu™berland’ between JWarlh Grainge and the ;lle f^Va neL ’Ear Abermen7 Ferry, Anglefea. RAy._ Ifles of J L ’ and Arran’ and in can tire. B. P. Huds. May-July. 1 rr° ''eient fpecles afford nourifhment to the PAPILIO MCa ’ R«Pf>* nd Kapi; PH ALAN A fu&noja, APHIS i>rajica>; and CHRTSOMELA Hyofcyami. ' ^ I ^ •» 12 TETRADYNAMIA siliquosa. 885. SINA'PIS. Mallard. Empal. Cup 4 leaves ; expanding; ftrap-fhapcd ; con- cave ; channelled ; handing crofs-ways and expand. ing; deciduous. . , Bloss.^4 petals ; forming a crofs ; circular ; Hat ; expand- ing; entire. Claws upright; ftrap-fhaped ; rather Sorter than the cup ; fitting. Honey-cup G lands 4 ; eo-cr-fhaped ; 1 between each fhorter chive and the pointal ; and 1 between each pair of longer chives and the cup. » Chives, ‘threads 6; awl-fhaped; upright ; the 2 oppo- fite ones as long as the cup ; the other 4 longer. tips upright ; but expanding ; tapering. Point. Seed-bud cylindrical. Shaft as long as the feet - bud, and as tall as the chives. Summit a knob ; en- S.Vess. Pod oblong ; with protuberances on the lower part; rough. Cells 2. Valves 2. Partition large; compreffed ; generally twice as long as the valves. Seeds many; globular. . , * Ess. Char. Empalement expanding. Blofs. claws upright. A gland between the Jhorter chives and the pointal, and be- tween the longer and the empalement Ous. Differs from EroJJica in its expanding empalement, and the upright claws of tiie bloffom. Charlock SINA'PIS arven'fis. Pods with many angles, fwoln and bunched out by the feeds, fmooth, longer than the 2-ed and pet. 45. 12 .—(FI. dan. 678, and Ger. 199 and 179. 2, are Raphan. Rapkaniflr. as is evident from the dark lines on the petals.— Matth. 451, is S. nigra. J Empal. leaves (lightly compreffed. Relhan.— Dilters from Ra- phanus Raphaniflrum asjdllows : Stem one third taller, finely fcored, commonly of a deep red, often fim pie. I lowers h nailer. Empal. fpreading. Petals always yellow, and without veins, Curt. Mr 1 s Woodw.— # Refii is an error for ertfU. St. I IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. Woonw. — Stem green, rough with a very few ft iff hairs. Leaves without any caft of fea-green. Pods fwoln, not angular. Empal. yellow, half as- long as the petals, Mr. Woomv. — Leaves harfh; deeply indented and ferrated. Seeds brown. Ckarlock. Chadlock. Wild Mujlard. Corn Cale. Corn fields, and borders of corn fields. A. May. The Scandinavians boil and eat it as Cabbage, and in Ireland the tender tops are collected for the fame purpofe. Cows, Goats, and Swine eat it. Sheep are very fond of it. Horfes generally refufe it. S I N A 'PI S al'ba. Pods rough with hair, with a very white long, flanting, fword-fhaped bill. Blackw. 2g.—Ger. ern. 244. 4, cop. in Pet. 45. 10. — Fuchf. 538, cop. in J. B. ii. 856, and frag. 101. 1. — Louie, i. 164. 2. — Matth. 563, imitated in Dod. 707. 1, which repr. in Lob. obj. 100. 2, and ic. i. 203. 1, Ger. cm. 244. 2, and cop. in H. ox. iii. 3. row 1.2. Bunches and fruit-Jlalks fcored. Pods with 3 knots, fomewhat keeled; hairs expanding; bill keeled, even as far as the laft joint. Li nn. — Leaves rough, all deeply indented or lobed, and fre- quently with a pair of fmall wings on the leaf-ftalk. Pods bunched with the feeds ; beak i cored, dark green, with a few hairs. Mr. Woodward. — Stem ftrong, hard, nearly cylindrical, branched, fet with ftrong hairs pointing downwards. Leaves rough with ftrong hairs, deeply divided, fegmerits 3 or 5, the terminating one very broad, large, toothed, and indented. Fruil-Jlalks fet with ftrong hairs pointing downwards. Empal. leaves upright, open- ing a little at the top, yellow or purplifh, prickly. Petals, limb inverfely egg-fti3ped. Seeds white or reddifh. With. Corn fields, and road lides. A. Aug. It is fown in the winter, and early in the fpring, to fupply our tables with fallading. The feeds have nearly the fame properties . as thofe of the next fpecies. 1 SINA'PIS rii'grci. Pods fmooth, laid to the fpike- common ftalk. — Blackw. 446.-7. B. ii. 855. — ('Matth. 562, cop. in Dod. 706. 2, repr. in Lob. cbj. 100. 1; ic. i. 202. 2, Ger. em. 244. 1, cop. in Park. 831. 1, Pet. 45. u, andH. ox. iii. 3. row 1. r, are very properly omitted by Ray, as is evident from the expanding fruit-Jlalks. J Lower-leaves rough, deeply indented; the upper fmooth, entire. 5Berk. bet. arr. ed. i.—Stem very much branched; branches diftant, • A 3 expanding. TETRAD Y NAM I A SILIQUOSA. expanding. Root-leaves rough; Jlem-leaves fmooth. Pods fhorl, parallel. Reliian. — Stem cylindrical, fcored, upper part fmooth. Leaves , the upper frequently fim pie, fpear-fbapcd, fharply tooth- ed. Pods flightly hairy; bill fmooth. Pruit-Jlaiks fhcrt. Mr. Woodw. Cups yellow. Blofs. pale yellow. Cornfields, ditch banks, road Tides, [and banks of the Severn. gT>-j A. June. The feeds, reduced to powder, make the common muftard, fo much in requeft at our tables. They yield a contiderable quantity of expreffed oil, which partakes but little of the acrimony of the plant. The feeds, when unbruifed, impart but little tafle to boiling water. Taken inwardly, in the quantity of a meat fpoon- ful or more, they gently ioofen the bowels, and are of lervice in afthma, chronic rheumatifm, and pally. The powdered feeds curdle milk, and give altrong impregnation to boiling water. This infulion, £aken in confiderable quantity,* vomits; in fmallcr dofes it is an uieful aperient and diuretic. Cataplafms, formed with crumb of bread, vinegar, and.powdered muftard feed, are very commonly applied to the foies of the feet, as ftimulants, in fevers that require luch treatment; they are ufed with advantage, topi- cally applied, in fixed rheumatic aod fciatic pains. Upon the whole, wherever we want a ftrong ftimulus, that acfts upon the nervous fyftem, without exciting much heat, we know none preferable to muftard feed. Its acrimony ccnfifts in an effential oil. The Phal&na fuliginofa lives upon the different fpecies. A / 536. RAP IT AN US. \ - - t / IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. , l ' ; 836. RAP H' ANUS.' Radifh. Empal. Cup 4 leaves ; upright; oblong; parallel; ap- proaching; deciduous; hunched at the bate. Bloss. 4 petals ; forming a crofs ; inverlely heart-lhaped ; expanding; claims a little longer than the cup. Ho- rey-cup Glands 4 ; 1 between each (hotter chive and the pointaj ; and 1 between the longer chives and the cup, on each fide. Chives. ‘Threads 6; awi-fhaped*; upright; 2 as long as the cup ; the other 4 as long as the claws of the bloffom. Tips oblong; upright; arrow-draped. Point. Seed-bud oblong; diftended ; tapering; as long as the chives. Shaft hardly perceptible. Summit a knob ; entire. S. Vess. hunched ; oblong; ending in a point ; fmooth; diftended with feveral protuberances, fo as to appear almoft jointed. Seeds roundifh ; fmooth. Ess. Char. Empalement clofed. Pod protuberant ; mofdy jointed ; cylindrical. Honey-cup Glands, 2 between the Jhorter chives and the pair, tal ; and as many between the longer chives and the empalement. RAPH'ANUS Raphanij'trum. Pods round, jointed, wild fmooth, of 1 cell, Linn. — originally of 2 cells, but, as the feeds increase in Jize, the partition becomes obliterated. Hall. Po l l : c h . Mr. Woo dward. Curt. iv.t45. — Linn, emoen acad. vi. at p. 451. — FI. dan. 678. — * J. B. ii. 851. 1. — Ger. 179. 2. — Lob. ic. i. 199. 1, repr. in Ger. 240. 1, and abridged in Pet. 46. 10. — Ger. 199 .—Park. 863.4, cop.ir. H.ox. iii. 13. 1 and 2. — park. 863. 5, cop. in H. ox. iii. 13. rew 2. 4. f. 4. — ( Ger. 185. 1 , is purely mare like Sinapis arvenfts.) Stem rough with traufparerit hairs pointing backwards. Leaves fome- times rough with hairs; the lower lyre-ihaped, wings alternate, heart-oblong, ferrated, the lowermoft very frnall, the odd one very large, rounded at the end, fcollopcd; the upper oblong-fpear- fbaped, fcoliop-ferrated. Leaf-folks generally rough with hairs. Empalement rough with white hairs, very fmooth at the bale. Blofs, generally yellow, but lometimes white or violet, with black ith veins. Pod, joints falling off feparately. Linn. — Differs from the Sinapis arvenfis as follows: Stems even, and ufually lea-green, 3 A 4 generally % 7i6 tetradynamia siliquosa. generally branched from the bottom. Empalement upright, clofe. Blofs. white, and pale red, as well as yellow, and all in general ftriped with purplifh veins. Curt. — Plant generally of a feagreen caft. Petals of whatever colour, veined with dark lines. Mr. Woodward. — Blofs. yellow and ftraw-coloured. ct. BlofToms white. While-flowered, Charlock. 0. BlofToms pale yellow. — Amongft corn. A. June. July. In wet feafons it grows in great quantity amongft the Barley, in Sweden, and the common people who eat barley bread, are af- flicted with very violent convulfive complaints in thofe provinces, and in thofe feafons wherein this plant abounds. Amoen. acad. vi. 430. — Horfes eat it. Cows refufe it. y. Huds. Under the cliffs by the fea Tide, about half a mile from the Fifher-houfes at Bourn, SufTex. R. fyn. 4? Pei. 46. 11. Great White Charlock. Pet. Raphanijlrum filiqua articulata, Jlriata maxima. R. hift. 806. 4. (Pet .) 887. BU'NIAS. Rocket. Empal. Cup 4 leaves ; oblong-egg-fhaped; expanding; deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs ; inverfely egg-fhaped ; twice as long as the cup. Claivs taper ; upright. Chives- Threads 6; as long as the cup ; the 2 oppolite ones not quite fo long. 1 ips upright ; cloven at the bafe. Point. Seed-bud oblong. Shaft none. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Pod irregular ; oblong-egg-fhaped; with 4 tides; edges with 1 or 2 (harp points ; not opening ; deci- duous. Seeds few; roundifh ; 1 placed under each point of the pod. Ess. Char. Pod falling off; 4 -fided; befet with unequal taper-pointed angles. fea BU'NIAS Ca'kile. Pods egg-fhaped, fmooth, 2-edged. Lob. obf. no. 3j, repr. in ic. i. 223. 1, Ger. em. 248. 5, and cop. in Park. 821. 1, H. ox. iii. 6. 20, and Pet. 46. 6. — J. B. ii. 868. 1. Plant fmooth, fea-green, of a fait tafte. Leaves flefhy. Pods falling off, and leaving a cloven bafe behind. Linn. — Root flender, woody, IV. CHIVES LONGER, S. VESS. a POD. woody, running deep into the fand, and terminated by a few rigid fibres. Stem woody, much branched. Leaves oblong- wedgc- fhaped, fitting, deeply cut, or with winged clefts. Flowers pale purple. Fruit-Jlalhs fhort. Pods large, and fiefhv. Mr. Woodw. Sea fiiore, [in deep fand, frequently juft above high water mark. Yarmouth, Norfolk; Southwoid, Suffolk. Mr. Wood- ward.] A. June. July. Horfes eat it. 888. I'SATIS. Woad. Empal. Cup 4 leaves ; egg-fhaped; rather expandin r ; coloured ; deciduous. Bloss. 4 petals; forming a crofs ; oblong; blunt; ex- panding; gradually tapering into Claws. Chives .threads 6; upright; but expanding ; as long as the blolTom; but 2 of them not quite l’o long. Fips oblong; lateral. Point. Seed-bud oblong ; 2-edged ; comprelfed; as long as the fhorter chives. Shaft none. Summit a blunt knob. S. V ess. Pod oblong-fpear-fhaped ; blunt; compreffed ; ’ 2-edged ; with 1 cell ; not opening. Valves 2 ; boat- (haped ; comprelfed ; keeled ; deciduous. Seed {ingle ; egg-fhaped ; in the centre of the feed-vefs. Ess. Char. Pod fpear-Jhaped ; of 1 cell; with 1 feed; falling off. Valves 2 ; boat-fhaped. * I'SATIS tinclo'ria. Root-leaves fcolloped; Hem- common leaves arrow-fhaped. Pouches oblong. Linn. — Root- leaves finely toothed. Pollich. a Fuchf. 332, cop. inf. B. ii. gog. 2, Mattk. 635, Dcd. 79. 2, which repr. in Lob. obf. igo. 1, ic. i. 352. 1, G er. em. 491. 2, and cop. in Pet. 48. 9. Clajlum fylvejlre Ger. em. 491. Park. 600. (St.) /? Fuchf. 331, cop. in f. B. ii. 909. 1, Malih. 634, and Dod. 79. 1, which rppr. in Lob. obf. 189, ic. i. 351. 2, Ger. em. 491. 1, and cop. in Park. 600. 3, and abridged in drag. 256. — Ger. 394.— H.ox. iii. 15. 10 and ti.—Blackw.zqp.—Lonia. i. 149. 1. Pods on (lender fruit-ftalks, hanging down. Mr. Woodward. -—■Stem branched. Leaves, the uppermoft ftrap-fpear-fhaped. .Empalement yellow. Petals notched at the end. Pods chefnut-co- lloured. Blofs. yellow. With. Woad tetradynamia siliquosa. Wood — Corn fields, and borders of corn fields, but rather rare. Huds.— New Barns, near Ely. Relhan. B. June. July. With the juice of this plant the ancient Britons painted their bodies to render themfelvcs more terrible to their enemies. It is much ufed by the dyers for its blue colour, and it is the bafis of many other colours. Cows eat it. Horfes, Sheep, and Goats refufe it. 889. CRAM'BE Colewort. Empal. Cut> 4 leaves ; egg-fhaped-; channelled; rather expanding; deciduous. B 1, oss. 4 petals; forming a crofs ; large ; blunt ; broad ; expanding. Claws upright, but ftanding open ; as. long as the cup. Chives." Threads 6 ; 2 of them as long as the cup ; the other 4 longer than the cup, and cloven at the end. Tips fimple ; fixed to the outermoft divifion of the threads. Honey-cup Glands placed on each fide; be- tween the bloffom and the longer chives. Point. Seed-bud oblong. Shaft none. Summit rather thick. S.Vess. Berry dry ; roundifih ; of 1 cell ;■ deciduous. Seed fingle ; rouiidifh. Ess. Char. The 4 longer threads forked at the point ; 1 of the forks bearing a tip. Berry dry; globular; falling off. 1 a CRAM'BE marit'ima. Leaves and Bern fmooth. Linn. Leaves roundilh-egg-fhaped, waved, fieQiy. Huds. FI. dan. 316. — Gcr. 248. 16, cop. in Pet. 48. 12. — Ger. em. 315. 15, cop. in PI. ox. iii. 2. 16. — Park. 270. 4. b. — Lob. adv. 92, repr. in ic. i. 245, cop. in park. 270. 4. a, Ger. 248. 15, and J. B.'n. 830. 2; the pods represented as fpear-Jhaped. This plant lurks as it were under the larva of a Braffca , as is evident from its fru&ification being fo diftineft. Linn. — Whole plant fmooth. .Stems many, fpreading and much branched. Root- leaves on Icaf-ftalks, very large, fpreading wide on the ground, . varioufiy waved, jagged, and indented, fmooth, fea-green, fometimes tinged with purple; jlem-leaves fitting. Fruit-Jlalks long. Flowers white. Pod at firft egg-fhaped, terminated by a blunt fummit, afterwards nearly globular. Mr. Woodw. — Blofs. white. - Se« 7'9 IV. CHIVES LONGER, S.'VESS. a POD; Sea Col ■wort. Sandy lea fhorcs. [Roofebeck in Low Furnefs, Lancalhirc. Mr. Woodward.— Near MevagifTcy, Cornwall. Mr. Watt.]" rpt , , . P- May. June. I he young and tender leaves are boiled as Cabbage, but when full grown they occafion giddinefs. Horfes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. There is one variety with jagged leaves, and another with yellowilh blofToms. / ) 9 N Ckrs Clafs XV L monadelphia. THREADS UNITED. IN this Clafs the 'Threads are all united together at the bottom, but feparate at the top. The Orders are determined lay the number of Chives. The Flowers admit of the following Natural Character. Em pal. Cup always prefent ; permanent ; in many in- ftances double. Bloss. Petals 5 ; inverfely heart-fhaped ; the edge of one lying over the edge of the next, from the right ,to the left. Chives. Threads united at the bottom; feparate at the top. The outer ones the fhorteft. Tips fixed fide- ways to the threads. Point. Receptacle of the fruit proje&ing in the centre of the flower. Seed-buds upright ; furrounding the top of the receptacle in a jointed circle. Shafts united at bottom into one body with the receptacle; but feparated at the top into as many parts as there are feed-buds. Summits expanding ; {lender. S.V'ess. Capfules divided into as many cells as there are . {hafts ; of various figures in different genera ; and of- ten compofed of the lame number of feed-coats united. Seeds kidney-fhaped. Obs. The plants of this natural Clafs were confidered by Tourn. as having only 1 petal. But all the petals are diftindt at the bafe, 'though, by the intervention of the united threads, they cohere all together as one body, on which account they may more properly be confidered as having 5 petals. Linn. — The petals are tiuly a continuation of the cylindrical {heath formed by the united threads, which inclofes the fiiafts, and feed-bud as it defeends, when rifing upwards, it ipreads out into petals. With. St, The THREADS UNITED. 72 The plants of the 6th Order are mucilaginous and emollient, sand thefc properties are common to every part of the plant. None icf them are poifonous. \ « < \ Order IV. DECANDRIA; X. CHIVES. ■807. Gera'nium i pointal. Capf. K dry berries; mth a long till. f Spartium. Genifta. Anthyllis. Ulex. Ononis. Order V I. P'OLYANDRIA; MANY CHIVES. 1907. Lavate'ra Many pointals. Outer Cup with 3 clefts. Seed-coatf in whorls ; 1 feed in each. ;9o6. Mal'va. Many pointals. Outer Cup 3 leaves. Seed-coats feveral ; in whorls; 1 feed in each. <90 j. Althas'a Many pointals. Outer Cup with 9 clefts. Seed-coats in whorls; 1 feed in each. Order I MONAD ELPHIA DECANDRIA. Order IV. DECANDRIA; X. CHIVES. 897. GERA'NIUM. Cranes-bill. 1 Em pal. Cup, leaves 5 ; egg-fhaped ; (harp; concave; permanent. Bloss. Petals 5 ; inverfely heart-fhaped ; or egg-fhaped ; expanding; large. Chives. ’Threads 10 ; awl-fhaped ; expanding towards the top ; alternately longer and fhorter ; fhorter than the blolfom. lips pbiong ; turning about like a vane. Point. Seed-bud with 5 angles and a bill. Shaft awl- fhaped ; longer than the chives ; permanent. Sum- mits 5 ; reflected. S. VESS.~tione. Fruit 5 dry berries ; with a bill. Seeds folitary ; kidney-fhaped ; often furnifhed with a dry hulky coat, and a very long awn, which, after fome time, rolls up fpiraliy. Ess. Char. Point al 1. Summits 5. Fruit zvith a bill ; and 5 dry berries. / Gas. In fome fpecies, only every other chive is furnilhed with a tip. The awn of the Iced, in fome fpecies, is hairy, in others imooth. In the three Hrft fpecies, the petals are not quite equal; there is a little gland between each petal; the threads arc io, but only every other furnifhed with a tip; the flowers growing in run- dles, the feeds naked, and the awns hairy. In the 14th fpecies, only 5 of the threads have tips. * 5 of the chives fumifted with tips. Empal. of 5 leaves. Fruit declining. hemlock GERA'NIUM cicuta'rium. Fruitftalks with many . flowers. Chives 5. Leaves winged, cut, blunt. Stem branched. — Curt. i. g, in its middle fate of growth. — Fuclif. 204, cop. in J. R. iii. 479, grown to its full extent , in a rich foil. — Dod. 64. 1, repr. in Lob. ic. 659. 1, end Ccr. em. 945. 3, and cup. in Pet. 6rj. 3, and E.. ox.v. 15.9, in its earlief fate, in fandy foil. — Cer. Coo. 3, and alfo 4 the variety with while fowers, in its mid- dle fate of gr noth and luxuriance. Fetals THREADS UNITED, X. CHIVES. Petals entire, fomewhat raifed from the cmpalement, the 2 uppermofl: marked with a fpot at the bafe, which mark is fo Sink- ing as to induce me to doubt whether the G. pimpinelhe folio of Dil- lenius, and the G. mofchatum, which have the fame fpots, are really drftind fpecies. Linn. — Petals nearly regular, purple, with pur- ple fcores. P o l l 1 c h . — Plant as it is found in the Spring. Stern none. Stalk riling from the root. Petals, the 2 upper marked with a fpot. Plant as found in autumn. Stem branched, trailing. Petals, all with- out fpots. Honey-cup fcale very fmall. Leers. — Petals 2, and fome- times 3, marked with a blackifh green fpot towards the bafe. Relh. — Plant varying from nearly fmooth to very hairy in a good foil, or on rubbifh large, very much branched, with a rundle bearing many flowers, but on fandy heaths fmall, and nearly Ample, with a rundle of few flowers. Leaves winged; wings with winged clefts, the lower diftant, fomewhat alternate; the upper crowded, oppo- site; little wings fpear-fhaped, pointed, jagged. Petals very entire, nearly equal. Mr. \Voodward. — Leaves not ending in a fharp point. Seed-coat elegantly fet with yellowiflv hairs, and marked with a hollow dot on each fide the bafe of the'awn. With. Among the numberlefs inftances of obvious providential defign and contrivance, in the ftrudure of the feeds and feed-veflels of plants, few are, perhaps, more remarkable, or more Strikingly difplay themfelves as the workmanlhip of an intelligent artificer, than that which we meet with in the feeds of the Geranium cicutari- um, mofchatum, and, perhaps, in feme other fpecies of Geranium. The feeds of this genus furround the pointal at its bafe; each feed is covered with a diftinch feed-coat peculiar to itfelf, which, after having inclofed the feed, runs cut in the form of a narrow appen- dage or tail, to the extremity of the Shaft, to which it is (lightly connected along its whole length, and which h?.£ 5 grooves or flutes to receive the 5 feeds with their appendages. Each of chefe appendages has the pioperty of contrading itfelf into a Spiral or fcrew-like form, when dry; and of again extending itfelf into a right line, when mcift. In fhort, it is a Spiral Spring, which lengthens or contends itfelf alternately, as often, and in fuch pro- portion, as it happens to become wet or dry. This power firfl exerts itfelf when the’ Iced and its appendage becomes dry, in con- fequence of arriving at maturity ; when it gradually Separates the feed from its parent plant. The feed, thus difengaged, is conti- nually contrading and dilating itfelf, as the weather changes from wet to dry, and from dry to wet; and by this means is kept In motion, till it is either deftroyed by the viciffitudes'of the feafons, or meets with Some crevice in the earth, or Some light porous fpot, into which it can eafiiy inlinuate itfelf, and from thence, in due * / time, 724 MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. time, produce a new plant. The particular minutiae of the me- chanical ftrucfture and operations of this curious feed will be better underftood by infpecftion, than by the mod accurate and laboured defcription : and all its manoeuvres may be feen in a fhort fpace of time, by alternately moiftening and drying it; which may be readily done, by putting a little water on one edge of a white ftone or china plate, and removing it by turns from the dry to the moift, and from the moift to the dry part of the plate : or the changes may ftill more quickly be produced, by removing it from the wet to a frefh plate, and drying it before a fire. I mention a white plate, becaufe on that, I imagine, the fine hairs which difplay themfelves from the fides of the tail, as that contracts, and which aft as fulcra, or feet, to affift and direcft the feed in its motions, are moft eafily diftinguifhed. Dr. Arnold. Road fides, fields, walls, and rubbifh, in a fandy foil. P. Apr. — Aug. Cows and Horfes eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Linn. A Horfe refufed it. S r. /3 Hu ds. Flowers larger. Blofs. white. Stems thicker. Leaves not fo finely cut. Ray. — Leaves hoary with white hairs, poflibly the effetft of the fea air. Mr. Woodward. Near.Camberwell. Ray.— Sea banks near Weens, Fifefhire. •Lightf. — [On Yarmouth Denes very plentifully, and elfewhere within thediftancc of a few miles from the fea. Mr. Woodw.] y Huds. and /3 Linn. G. pimpinellifoliuvi. Curt, which fee. burnet-leaved GERA'NIUM pimp'iveUifo'hum. Curt. cat. Mr. Woodward. — Frait-ftalks with many flowers. Chives 5. Leaves winged, cut. Stem branched. The 2 upper pe- tals fpotted at the bafe. — Leaves not fo deeply divided, fcentlefs. Petals broadifh, un- equal, the 2 uppermoft marked with a greenifh fpot. Dill. — Leaves , wings with deeper winged clefts than thofe of G. cicutarium ; little wings nearly ftrap-fhaped, rarely jagged. Petals, generally the 2 upper fhorter and rounder, with a greenifh fpot at the bafe, but fometimes only 1, 01-3, 4, and in one inftance all 5 fpotted, in which cafe the fpotted ones are broad and fhort, and in the laft inftance the bloffom became regular. Mr. Woodward. Geranium pimpinelhe folio. R. fyn. 358. (Mr. Woodward.) Near Hackney. Dill. — Sandy heaths and corn fields, Suffolk, frequent. I have cultivated it for fcveral years without obferving any variation in it, and Mr. Curtis, who has raifed it in his bota- nic garden from feeds which I fcnt him, is fatisficd that it is a diftindl fpecies. Mr. Woodw. GERA'- THREADS UNITED, X. CHIVES. «o^R^M TrMm-- ^ith many mujk wul winged^ftst “VeS W,nged’ CUt' SeeJ-lob“ ' JaCq. hart i. 55.— Blech'. 150 .-Matlh. 856, 'cop. in Dod. 63 1, which repr. tn Lcb. obf. 376. 1, ic. i. 658. 2, Ger em W, and cop. in Park. 709. 1, Pet. 65. 2, and H. ox. v. 1/ r Ce.r' p°' ~p„a£‘.347—}- B. iii. 479, though a. copy of Fuchjiuss jigure of G. cicutarmm, and Ji. ox. v. 15. g, though a c°Pyjf Hod. 64. 1, are a pretty food representation of it ._ \ ■ 2r'4’ Is G ■ clcUtarium. In all except Blackw. the little ieaves are too deeply cloven, whence Haller has referred the figure of Dod. to G. cicutarium. J ■/o - Very like the G. cicutarium, of an ambrofial feent. Linn Who e plant more hairy than C. cicutarium ; hairs glutinous, pa'rti- cu ai y t !0-e of the empalement. Flowers more numerous, form- ing a roundilh head. Pedicles fhorter. Leaves, wings fewer, egg- clefr M mw'meS °nlyferratcd’ or Jigged, rarely with winged f/f WoodWard Wh ole plant hairy. Stems fwoln and ooked at the joints. Lcafts oppofite and alternate, the termi- mtmg one with 3 clefts. Fruit-Jlalks with from 4 to 10 flowers, thicK.y fet with fine white hairs, ending in pellucid globutes. Fmpalements fcl with the fame kind of hairs as the fruit-ftalks; leaves unequal, ribbed, ending in fpit-points. Petals with 3 fibres. Tios Wi th Sced~coat VVIth fLong yellow hairs. Blofs. red or purple. Mulked Cranes-bill. Mufcovy. Dry p2 {lures in Wellmoreland and Yorkfltire. Near BatterCea TO) between Brilloland St. Vincent’s Rock. [Near Stourbridge.’ The whole plant fmelis like Mutt, but it Iofes^'htt property when bruifed.— A Horfe refufed it. St. F 7 GERA 'N I U M marit'imum. Fruit-ftalks with moftlv fa n !°UerS-i, Chlves 5- Leaves heart-fhaped, fcolloped, J 'cut, rough Stems depreflfed. Linn. — Fruit-Jlalks with jrom 1 to 3 flowers. Mr. Woodward. Fluk. 31.4, cop. in Pet. 65. 1 .—H. ox. v. 35. row 3. f. 2. . oftcn leafX- Petals entire, often wanting. Fruit-Jlalks wit o ten 2 flowers. Linn. — Stems branched, lying clofe to the ground. Pool-leaves on long fruit-ftalks, fpreading in a circle on 2"*?d' hairj-, varioufly cut and jagged, fometimes nearly jobed, Jlem-leaves fimilar. Fruit-Jlalks fhorter than the leaves. nTn\lt0™ fSral1* Beak vcfyfmall> not exceeding half an inch -n th. Mr. Woodward. Fruit-Jlalks frequently with only r L 3 C flower, 7aS MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. flower, as figured in Pluk. St. W it h .-Rod-leaves lying on the ground. Leaf-jtalks much longer than the leaves. Fruit-Jlalks com - prefled. Threads fpear-fhaped. Tips purple. Summits greenifh- yellow. Blofs. pale red. With. Sandy fea fliores, common. [Acle, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe.— Rocks at Portawen, Cornwall. Mr. Watt.— Sandy commons between Enville and Bewdley, Worcefterfh. Mr. J. A. Hunter.] , B. June. July. * * All the 10 chives furnijhed with tips. Fruit -Jlalhs with 2 jlowers. Ferennials. iufky GERA'NIUM pfue’um. Fruit-ftalks folitary,* " oppoflte the leaves. Empalements fomewhat awned. Stem upright. Petals waved. Linn. fyjl. veg. Fruit- ftalks with 2 flowers. Sp. pi St. Wale.— Cluj, ii. 99. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 942. 3, and cop. in Park. 704 ^.—(Dod. 64. 2, repr. in Lob. obj. 377. 1, ic. i. 661. 1, Ger. em. 945- i» and cop. in Park. 704. f. 2, quoted by Ray, and cop. by Hudfon , is G.fufcum, and does, not Jo well accord with our fpecime'ns.) Stem upright, from a cubit to 3 feet high, knotty. Leases foft, the younger ones filky, ribbed; the lower ones on long leaf-ftalks in pairs, the upper folitary; lobes 5, unequally toothed, the la- teral ones lobed. Flower-fcales flaccid, yellow, egg-fpear-fhaped, 2 at thebafe of each fruit-ftalk. Empalement foft, with a few long hoary hairs. Petals nearly 5-cornered, taper-pointed, waved at the edge; claws white, with 5 ftar-like rays. Threads hairy about the bafe. Glands 5. Hall. Mr. Woodward. — Stem with a few long fhining hairs. Fruit-Jlalks very flender, moftly 2. Mr. Wood- ward. — Stems nearly cylindrical, woolly below, from 18 inches to 2 feet high; joints large, tinged with red. Leaves, the lower with 6 or 7 lobes, the middle ones with 4 °v 5’ the uppermoft 3 or 4; lobes ferrated. Fruit-Jlalks. forked, with 2 flowers. Empal. thick let with fhort hairs, terminated by little globules, inter- Iperfed with a few long, foft, woolly hairs; leaves with 3 longitu- dinal lines, and terminated by little blunt callous fubftanctes. Pc- lals egg-fhaped, blackifli purple, fhining; claws white, marked with 5 lines, and woolly. Threads purple, broad and woolly at thebafe, flightly united by means of 5 green glandular fubflances placed on the outflde of them; after flowering turned outwards. Tips whitifh, the feams marked with a purple line. Dujl greenilh yellow * As oppofed to thofe of G . fujeum, which are laid to he not folitary fup- jorting 2 flowers, but diftinit from the bafe. St. I THRE'A-DS UNITED, X. CHIVES. h'll'Z.' S!'af! Sreen' lhort«‘ha„ the chives fim,er,ns’ “*■ *■* »«o-s-4s a„d“:UyoPlT- T°TCl"~«-. About Clapham, P- May. June. 707 *■* Ci.:; " tot. ■ , refir. m Cer. m. 947. 2, md cop. in Port. 7oo 2 y. B. .,, 478. ft,. 65. 4, ondH. ox. v. 16. aa._S. il' ioi. 2.— fGer. 797. I, not the plant. J otems fpreading, more compretTed than in C n • *, n . delh -coloured, with g purpi fcoles ZZo.tiZ tot potm. Lt^.-Ws before bloffoming hanliog doZ aVcr ^rds upnght. Hall. Mr. WooDw.-Stem fnLth, Alining iwoln at the joints. Leaves, the lower with * lnh^c g’ t'L'brfe10^5’ TfT' l<>beS fPfar-ftaPed' ft raddling, emfrelt he bafe, irregularly ferntted upwards, with 3 flrong nearly .Sal lei ribs, and with a few Ihort liiffhairs ariling fronfglands W /c«i« and Jlmer-fcoles alike, fmall, pointed. FJ-Ms Ihort h.r,; 4i:L.aMredwfo°D0w;aoft,“b red> k°"°^ ^ Mountainous fixations in Cumberland. Rav. [Mr. Woodw.] P. July. Aug, }^,>e! L.ght! St nkked’ Pamck forkeii> marly level. Pedicles much longer than the fence awned as foon as the dowering is o^-er foie, ’-on a Pr ' back- Bl*- hed-lhaped-expanding, ,°urc ’ u om'hmcs rvhite, or variegated with white Sy, no longer than the chives. Flowers at thl fame time with nightly hairy, the lovLiiih X er with 3. Irmt-jlalks with fometimes more than f’fWrs tty. " tZ K/?' Elements and fruil-Jlatks very tfems, edges of the§lea M ^OOD'VARD'-^on the flowering S e leaves, and on the empalemenf, ending in fmall ^ ^ 2 globnles. 728 Crowfoot MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. globules. Leaves, fegments terminating in fmall flefliy glands; the upper litting. Empalements ribbed, membranaceous at the edge, ending in fpit-points. Petals purple, flightly notched at the end, a little woolly at the bafe. W it h. Geranium batrachoides aiterum. Ger. em. 942. (St.) Mountainous thickets and paftures in Weftmoreland, Cumber- land, and Yorkfh. and Tides of rivers in rocky and fhady places. [Holt Wood in Leziate, near Lynn, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe. About Ayfgarth Force, Wenflydale. Mr. Wo on. -Near Comfton, Lancafhire, and elfewhere in the North. Mr. Woonw. Coiby Caftle Cumberland. St.— Near Hales Owen, Shropfh. VVith.J P. June. July. Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. Horfes refufe it. 2. Dwarf,' with very large flowers. Lightfoot. Scotland. G E R A'N I U M praten'fe. Fruit-ftalks with 2 flowers. Leaves fomewhat target-fhapecl, with many diviflons, wrinkled, pointed. Petals entiie. * Curt. iv. 43 ,—Matlh. 857, imitated in Cluj. 11. 100. 1, which repr * in Dod. 63. 2, Lob. obf. 376. 3, ic. i. 659, 2, Ger em 943. t , and cop. in Pet. 65. 7 .-V/ak.-Ger. 797. 2 .—Fuchf. 208, cop.'in J. B. iii. 47 5-—H- °x • v- l6’ r „ . Pedicles while it is in bloffom not longer than the fence. Empal. awned, after flowering clofed, nodding. Blojs. flat. Petals blue, rounded at the end, not nicked. Shaft longer than the chives. Begins to flower when the G. fylvaticum is going out. Linn. -6/^ 2 to 3 feet highi Leaves with 7 to 5 diviiions; fegments lobed, deepiy toothed, hairy, with ftrong ribs underneath? thofe of the u pper leaves almoft ftrap-fhaped. Leaf-fta&s long. Floral-leaves 4, fpear-fhaped, pointed. Fruit -Jlalhs very Ihort, downy Empal. dpear-fhaped. Petals very large, bly,e, or White. . Mr. V oodw.— Stems forked,- tinged more or lefs with red; hairs on the upper branches white, and terminated by minute dark red globules. Leaves with 5 to 7 diviflons; fegments with winged clefts, which are more or lefs jagged and toothed. Empalements ribbed, mem- branaceous at the edges, terminated by fpit-points, thick fetwith fine white hairs tif>t by fcarlet globules. Petals inverfely egg- fhaped, with 7 to 9 whit if h lines, and a little hairy at the bafe. Threads very broad, and fomewhat concave at the bafe. Tips pur- ple. Fuji yellow. With. Moiftifh meadows and paflures. _ P. June. Ju >. Horfes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. GERA'NIUM THREADS UNITED, X. CHIVES. ; GERA'NlUM pyrcna'iam. L.nn.— Fruit-ftallts with mountain 2 now eis. Petals with 2 lobes. Lower-leaves with 5 jagged divifions, the upper with 3 Jobes, Empalements iomewhat glandular at the points. Stem upright. Kuds. Curt. iii. 27. — Ger. prov. 16. 2. Stems woolly. Leaves with 5 cjefts, cut, bluntifh, red at the edge. Empal. glands at the points red. Petals as long again as the erapalemeut, purplifh. Chives, the 5 outermoft fhorter, with abortive tips. Go u an. —Twice as large as G. molle, always nearly uprignt. Blofs. tnrice as large as that of the G. violte commonly is. Cuk r.—rStcm hairy. Leaves hairy, the lower with moftly 7 lobes; lobes with 3 clefts, fegments rounded or blunt, the middle one frequently icolloped, the upper with moftiy 3 lobes; lobes with 3 cleit,, moie expanding than in the lower leaves, legments entire, more pointed than in the lower leaves. Pruit-Jlalks longer than the leaves, llcral-leaves pointed, 4 to each fntit-ftalk. Empal. leaves broad and fhort. Petals as long again as the einpalement, deeply cloven; lobes roundifh, entire. Mr. Woodward.— Si 'em, forked t .ice or thrice Pruit-Jlalks folitary, from the forks, above from the bofom of the leaves. St. Meadows and paftures. On the banks of the river between Bingley and Keighley, Yorkfh. near Enfield, and about Brompton, Chelfea, and in the dry part of the pafturage in Batterfea Fields. [Near Oxford. Mr. Woodward.] p. June. July. 2. Blofioms white. In Chelfea garden, growing as a weed. Curt. * * * All the 10 chives fumijhed with tips. Pruit-Jlalks with 2 fowers. Annuals. GERA'NlUM robertia'num. Fruit-ftalks with 2 flowers. Robert's Empalements hairy, with 10 angles. — Curt. i. 10. — Wale. — Blachv. 480. — Lonic. i. 152. *1. — PI. dan.- 694, leaves Jliff.—Dod. 62, repr. in Lob. obj. 375. 1, ic. i. 657. 2, Ger.em. 939, and 945. 5, and cop. by Park. 710. 8, PI. ox. v. 13 ix, and Pet. 65. 3. — Fuchf. 206, cop. by 'Trap. 108, and J. B. iii. 480. — Matth. 858. — Ger. 794, and 800. 5, is furely another copy of the fame original. Empalements hairy, the 10 angles formed by the ift and 3d outer leaves being each folded into 3 keel/dike angles, the 2d and 5th each into 1, and the 4th into 2.' Petals entire. Scent rank. The whole plant fometimes red. Linn. — Leajits of the lower leaves dif- tln&, thofe of the upper confluent. Pruit-Jlalks very long. Pedicles fhort. Empalements with long awns, Mr. Woodward.— Whole phnt befet with pellucid hairs, but becoming fmoother as the plant 3 If 8 grows * 73° MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. grows older. Leaves divided into 3 parts, leajits united at the bafe ^ the lowermcft into 5, leafits united at the bafe, with winged clefts; fegments terminated by a little {harp thorn. Stems tinged with red at the joints. Empalements purple and green, awned, the angles more evident as the feeds ripen. Petals, claws long, border a lit- tle ragged, with 3 faint white lines. Thieads not very evidently united. Tips red. Dufl yellow. Shaft hairy. Summits a fine crimfon. With. — Stem branched, fpreading. Blojfoms red, fometimes white. Herb Robert. Stock-bill. Walls, hedges, rubbifh, and ftony places. B. Apr. — Aug. A decodHon of this plant has been known to give relief in cal- culous cafes. It is confiderably aftringent, and is given to cattle when they make bloody water, or have the bloody flux. Horfes and Goats eat it. Sheep and Swine refufe it. 2. Bloflbms white. Ray. Curt. Lane from ChifTelhurft to Eltham. Ray. — [Road from Lichfield to Stafford, a little beyond the 4th mile ftone, plentifully. Mr. Saville.] (3. Huds. Whole plant fhining. Leaves fmaller and more deeply divided. Mr. Woodward. Pet. 65. 5, good. Mr. Woodward. Near Swanning, Dorfetfhire. Shore of Selfey Hland. Jhining GERA'NIUM h'cidum. Fruit-ftalks with 2 flowers. Empalements pyramidal, the angles raifed and wrinkled. Leaves with 5 lobes, rounded. — FI. dan. 2i3 —Thai. 5, cop. in J. B. iii. 481, and Park. 707. 9, perhaps more char afferijlic.— Wale. — Pet. 64. 12. — H. ox. v. 15. 6. Empalements tranfverfely wrinkled. Hall. — Whole plant fome- times red. Leaves nearly kidney-fhaped, lobes with generally 3 teeth, fmooth, fhining, Flower fcales very fmall. i ruit-Jlalks ihort. BloJs. rofe-colouied, nicked at the end. Relhan. — Stems fhining, yet flightly hairy. Leaves the fame, kidney-fhaped, with moftly 5 lobes; lobes with 3 lobes, the middle one with ufually 3 fcollops, the fide ones entire; in rocky fituations only half an inch broad, and not to much divided. Pedicles ftraddling. Flower-fcales very minute. Mr. Woodwa r d. — Stem branched. Empalement not quite equal. Walls, roofs, rocky places, dry banks, and fhady places, in a fandy foil, [and frequently amongfl corn on a chalky loil, and in expefed fituations, as near Stamford; Bury, Suffolk; common in the North. Mr. Woodward.] A. June. — Aug. GERA'NIUM THREADS UNITED, X. CHIVES. 7 GERA'NIUM mol'le. Fruit-ftalks with 2 flowers, [oft alternate. Flower-leaves alternate. Petals cloven. Empal. without awns. Stem nearly upright. — 1 Cun.ii. 12. — FI. dan. 679. — Vaill. 15. 3 .—Pet. 64. z.—Blachw. 58. i, very ill done if the plant. — ( Ger. em. 938, and cop. in. Park. yo6. 2, is G. rotund folium , as is evident from the infertion of the fruit-Jlalks.J Pedicles declining. Flower-fcales cloven. Empalement fcarcely awned, fhorterthan the blolfom. Petals llightly cloven, without a tooth between the lobes. Linn. — Stem trailing when growing , alone, upright when amongft grafs or other plants. Blofs. iorne- times almoft as large as thole of G. pyrenaicum. Curt. — Root-leaves kidney-lhaped, with a circular outline, with 7 lobes, lobes with 3 clefts; the upper more diftindtiy kidney-lhaped, and more finely divided. In the above it agrees with G. rotundifolium, but differs in th ejlem and branches being cloathed with long foft hairs expand- ing horizontally. Mr. Woodward. — Blofs. ol a pleafant purple, fometimes white. Ray. St. Doves-foot. Dry banks, corn fields, meadows, and paftures, in a fandy foil. 7 A. Apr. — Oct. Sheep and Goats eat it. Linn. — A Iiorfe eat it. St. 0 Huds. Geranium pufillum, which fee. Pet. 64. 3? ; • t GERA'NIUM columbi'num. Fruit-ftalks with 2 lonp-ftalked flowers, longer than the leaves. Leaves with 5 divifions * J and many clefts. Seed-coats fmooth. Empal. awned. — Valid. 15. 4. Pet. 64. 8. — (H. ox. v. 15. 3, is G. dijeetum.) Leaves hairy underneath; fegments ftrap-fhaped. Empalement broad, fmooth. Petals nicked, with a fharp point between the lobes. Linn. — Empalement large. Hall.— Leaves divided quite to the ieaf-ffalk; fegments leveral, fub-divided. Peaicles very long, ftraddling a good deal. Empalement very large, bellying. Mr. V.oodward. — Leaves a little hairy on both furfaces. Leaf-Jcales fpear-lhaped, red, 2 on each hde of the ftem. Empalement lome- what hairy, fkinny at the edges, terminated by ihort awns red- difh at the ends. Petals marked with 3 lines; the little tooth be- tween the lobes not very pointed, reddifh blue. Wi th. Corn fields, paftures, and hedges. [Heydon, Norfolk. Mr. Bryant.] A. June. — Aug, Sheep and Goats eat it. Swine refufe it. 2 B 4- GERA'NIUM 732 jagged. round-leaved % MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. GERA'NIUM dijfec'tum. Fruit-ftalks with 2 flowers."] Leaves with 5 ctivifions ; the Segments with 3 clefts/ Petals nicked, as long as the empalement. Seed-coats woolly. — Vaill. 15. 2. — Pet. 64. 6. — TuaJif. 207, cop. in J. B. iii. 474. 1. — Black®. 58. 2. Leaves llrap-fpear-fhaped. Fruit-Jlalks upright. Flower-fcales co- loured. Empal. awned, when the feeds are ripe expanding. Petals palifh flelh-colour. Pointal woolly. Tips blue. Linn. — Petals ra- ther blood-coloured. Leers. Reich. — Leaves divided to the leaf- flalk into 5, and thefe again into 3, fegments Rrap Ihaped, ufu- ally entire, but the middle one fometimes fub-divided. Fruit- Jlalks very fhort. Flower-fcales minute. Mr. Woodward. — Leaj- Jcales and fowcr-fcales red, 2 to each leaf-Ralk and fruit-ftalk. Fruit-Jlalks as long as the leaves. Empalement with 3 ribs. Seed- coats befet with glandular hairs. Mr. Hollefear. Pallures, corn fields, and ditch banks. A. May — Aug. IS. Huds. — Plot oxf. 9. 4. at p. 146, cop. in Pet. 64. 7. Hedges about Marfton and Botley Caufeway, next Oxford. Plot. — Woods near Marllon, Oxfordfhire. Ray. — The fame with a. Dale in R. fyn. St. GERA'NIUM rotundifo'lium. Fruit-ftalks with 2 flowers. Petals nearly entire, as long as the empaL Stem proftrate. Leaves kidney-fhaped, cut. — Vaill. 15. 1. — Pet. 64. 4 and 3' — FucfiJ. 205, cop. in J. B. iii. 473- — Ger. 793. — IValc. — Matth. 855, imitated in Dod. 61.2, zvhich repr. in Lob. obf. 376. 2, ic. i. 658. 1, Ger. em. 038,. * and cop. in Park. 706. 2, and Fet. 64. 1 , and dijgidjed in H. ox. v. 15. 2. Stem ftraddling, cylindrical, downy, clammy. Leaves rounded, foft, downy, fomewbat clammy, especially underneath, lobed, with a red point in the hollows. Leaj-falks reddifh brown. Empal. awned, wrinkled, open, with 3 longitudinal wrinkles. Petals wedge-fhaped, very blunt, with 3 reddifh brown icores at the bafe, the under furiacc not lying upon, but railed from the em- palement. Pips yellow. Linn. — Stem and branches covered with a very Ihort down, extremely foft and velvety when drawn through the fingers. Leaves oppolite, that from the bofem of which the fruit-ftalk arifes fmaller, and on a fhorter leaf-ftalk. Ftuit-ftalks alternate on the Item, lrom the bofoms of the leaves. The above marks fufficiently diflinguifh it from the G. mclle. I do not be- lieve the divilion of the petals to be at all depended upon. Mr. Wood w a r d. — Threads clearly diftinCt at the bafe. Petals nicked , v. nearly 733 THREADS UNITED, X. CHIVES. nearly inverfely heart-fhaped. St.— Petals fiefh-colouj-ed, or purple. Walls, roofs, ditch banks, and fandy paftures, about Bath Briftol, Batterfea, Wandfworth, Mortlake, and Kcvv. (Suffolk* common. Mr. Woodward.] A. July* Horfes and Sheep eat it. Cows and Swine refufe it. When juft gathered it has a pretty ftrong fcent of mufk, but which loon goes off. Mr. Br unton. St. 2. Bloffom white. Various places about London. Ray.- Near Bungay, Suffolk, on a dry gravelly foil. Mr. Woodward. GERA NIUM pujillum. Fruit-ftalks with 2 flowers, [mall flowered Petals nicked. Stem depreffed. Leaves kidney-ihaped, J * hand-(haped ; fegments lirap-fhaped, pointed. — Ray 16. 2. a, and 2. b, at p. 359. Stem proftrate, juft fenlibly downy. Leaves more deeply jagged, \ * fonie of the legments being cut down to the bale, which is not the cafe in the G. rotundijolium, which it very much refembles. Petals truly nicked, purple. Chrues, the 5 alternate ones abortive. Lips blue. Li ns.— About 2 or 3 inches high. Leaves fmall. Bloflcms bluilh, very Imall. Petals cloven, equal. Found iri fituations by no means barren, whence it cannot be thought merely a variety of theG. rotundijolium. Dill, in R. fyn.— Stems leveral, branched, spreading', fmooth, or foft to the touch, from a downinefs juft vihbie through a magnifying glafs. . Root-Leaves with 7 lobes; Jtem- ieaves all oppoiite, lobes 5, ftrap-lhaped, with 3 clefts, pointed. Leaf -jc ales hairy. LeaJ-fialks deprelfed. Jtlcral- leaves 4, Ipcar-lhaped, fomewhat hairy. Pedicles declining, at length upright, thicker to- wards the end. Empalemenl awnlels, hairy, petals inverfely heart- fhaped, blue, not longer than the empalemenf. Chives, 5 with tips, 5 without. Tips bluifh. Summits whitifh, open., Bruit, bill flender, fhort. Seed-coats brown, fhining, lmootb, but befet with microfcopic briftles preffed to and pointing upwards. Leers.— .l\ believe that fmall varieties of both G. nolle and rotundfolmra have Ibeen called by this name, and that no fuch plant exifts as a diftineft Ifpecies, at leaft in Great Britain. Dillenius’s plant in R fyn 5s certainly a variety of G. rotundifol. as is evident from the leaves fbeing oppofite, and one fmaller than the other, and in the downi- tnefs of the ftem. The lhape and deeper divilion of the leaves I do not think marks ftrong enough to be depended upon, as both G. molle and rotundijolium vary in theie particulars from foil and utuation, and more particularly in the upper leaves. Mr. Wood- ‘•vard.— Leers’s authority is of jittie confequence, as under G. molle MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. molle he acknowledges that he had not fufficiently examined the G. rotundifolium. St. High ditch banks. Low-Layton. Early in the fpring. Dill. * * * * Chives, io with tips. Fruit-ftalks with i flower. bloody GERA'NIUM fanguin'eum. Fruit-ftalks with i flower. Leaves circular, with 5 divifions ; fegments with 3 clefts. — Wale. — Cluj. ii. 102. 1, repr. in Lob. ic. i. 660. 1, Ger. em. 945. 2, and imitated in Pet. 64. g. — Fuchf. 209, cop. in J. B. iii. 478. 2, and Lonic. i. 152. 2, and abridged in Frag. 348. — Fark. par. 227. 6. The whole plant after flowering often turns purplifh. Linn.— Stem upright, fomewhat branched, beneath the branches fwoln, hairy, from a foot to a cubit high. Leaves above rough, hairy underneath and on the edge. Fruit-ftalks 3 inches long, hairy, with a knot and 2 Horal-leaves about the middle. Empalement hairy, fcored, taper-pointed. B lofts, purple, large, expanding, regular; petals egg-fhaped, veined, lying one over the other, finely iccl- loped at the edge. Chives 3 times fhorier than the blofTom. Relh. . — Leaves in wild as well as garden fpecimens with fometimes 7 divifions; fegments flrap-fhaped. Fruit-ftalks much longer than the leaves, hairy. Floral-leaves 2, fmail, oppofite, on the fruit- ftalic about one third of its length from the liower. Empal. leaves oval, with membranaceous reddifh edges, and terminated by a {hart red awn. Petals inverfely heart-fhaped, very large, equal, pale red, ivith deep red veins. Mr. Woodward. — Whole plant' let with white expanding hairs. Leaves opposite. Petals hairy at the bafe. With. — Blofts. bluilh purple. Sr. Limeftone rocks, ftony places, dry paftures, heaths, and thickets, in mountainous fituations. Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh. Lightf. [St.— Rocks near the fea, Cornwall. Mr. Watt. — Near Buxton, Derbylh. and Roofebeck Low Furneis, Lancalh. At Heath, near Woodbridge, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. Aug. Horfes, Cows, and Goats eat it. Swine refufe it. p IIuds. Leaves larger, paler, and more deeply divided. Ray. Pet. 64. 10. Banks of the Devil’s Ditch, Ray, Relhan, — and the left fide of Dallingham Gap going from Canvafs-hall. Ray. P Linn, y Hods. Dill. elth. 136. 163 .—Fet. 64. 11. — (Barr. 67, appears to bee different variety. J Bhftftom I THREADS UNITED, MANY CHIVES. I BlcJfoms white, with reddifli veins, Ra y,— or pale fiefh-colour with red veins. Sr. — Leaves lmaller and more finely divided than in variety «. Flowers much fmaller. Dillenius’s figure too large. Mr. Wo on warp. lOe Oi Walnev , Lancashire, on the fea Shore, in a landyloil. 735 Order V /. POLTANDRIA; MANY CHIVES. 904. AL T HiE'A. Wymote. (Gcr. and Park.) • ’ / .Em pal. Cup double. Outer Cup of 1 leaf; fmall and permanent ; with 9 unequal clefts. Segments very narrow. Inner Cup 1 leaf, with 9 (hallow clefts. I Segments broader; (harper; and permanent. , IBloss. Petals 5; united at the bafe; inverfely heart- fhaped ; bitten; flat. ' Chives. Threads numerous; united at the bottom into a cylinder; loofe at the top ; fixed to the bloifom. 'lips nearly kidney-fhaped. Point. Seed-bud round and flat. Shaft cylindrical ; Short. Summits numerous; about 20; briftle-fhaped ; as long as the (hafts. o. Vess. Seed-coats ■ forming a whorl round the Receptacle, which (lands in the centre like a pillar; the whorls depreffed; not jointed. Seed-coats deciduous ; open- ing inwardly, Seeds Solitary; kidney-fhaped, but compreffed. Ess. Char. Empalement double ; the outer with 9 clefts , Seed-coats numerous ; containing 1 feed. ALTHii'A officinalis. Leaves Simple, cottony. — Marjh mallow Jjuiw. x. — FI. dan. 530. — Blackw. 90. — l ark. 304. 1. — fucitj. 15, cop. in Trag. 371, J. B. ii. 954, and Lome. i. 157. i.—Ger. 787.— Mattk. 92 5.— Cluj. ii. 24. 1, repr. in Bod. 655. 1, Lob. obS- 373* L i. 653. r, Cer.em. 933. 1, and cop. in H. ox. v. 19. 12. Stem upright, 2 cubits high, cottony, cylindrical, Somewhat , very Soft, velvety; the Tanctied, Leases fpear-egg-Shaped, wooJJ; I MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. the upper {mailer, with generally 3 imperfect lobes, ferrated, with moftly 5 ribs underneath; the lower larger, with 7 ribs, fometimes ferrated, fometimes rather fcolloped. Bowers from the bofom of the leaves, on fruit-talks, in a kind of panicle. Flowcr-fcales with many clefts, briftle-fhaped. Petals nicked, fielh- coloured. Tips violet. Relhan. — Stem and leaves cloathed with a thick pile, feeling exactly like velvet. All the leaves obfeurely lobed, doubly ferrated; the lower egg-lhaped, fomewhat heart- fhaped at the bafe; the upper egg-fpear-fhaped. Blofs. white, or pale Helh-coloured. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves on leaf-talks, an- gular. Empal. the outer with fometimes 1 1 or 12 fegments. Petals fringed at the bafe. With. Marjh Mallow. ^ I Salt marfhes and banks of rivers. [Salt marfhes Norfolk and Sulfolk. Mr. Woodw. — Sea Ihore near Marazion and Penzance, Cornwall. Mr. Watt.] p P. Aug. The whole plant, particularly the root, abounds with a mild mucilage. The root boiled is much ufed as an emollient cataplafm, and an infufion of it is very generally prefcribed in all cafes wherein mild mucilaginous fubtances-are ufeful. /3 Huds. Leaves rounder, and not fo pointed. Ray. Marfhes of the Me of Ely. Ray. Relhan. 906. MAL'VA. Mallow. I Empal. Cup double. Outer Cup 3 leaves; narrow; heart- (haped; fharp ; permanent. Inner Cup 1 leaf; with 5 (hallow clefts ; large ; broad ; permanent. Bloss. Petals 5; united at the bafe; inverfely heart- (haped; bitten; flat. Chives. 1 Threads numerous ; united at the bottom into a cylinder; loofe at the top; fixed to the blolfom. * Tips kidney-fhaped. Point. Seed-bud round. Shaft cylindrical ; fhort. Sum- mits many ; briftle-fhaped ; as long as the (haft. S. Vess. Seed-coats forming a whorl round the Receptacle, which ftands in the centre like a pillar. The whorl depreffed ; not jointed. Seed-coats deciduous ; open- ing inwardly. Seeds folitary ; kidney-fhaped. Ess. Char. Empalement double ; the outer of 3 leaves. Seed- coats many ; with 1 feed in each. THREADS UNITED, MANY CHIVES. 737 V Obs. All the fpecies are mucilaginous and emollient. The iduft is a pretty microfcopic objed, being toothed like the wheel of ;a watch. Li n n. — It is globular, and covered with prickles, which ■give it the toothed appearance. St. With. , MAL'VA parviflo'ra. Stem open. Leaves angular, fmallflcwered [Mowers from the bofom of the leaves, fitting, congre- [gated. Empalements fmooth, expanding. — Jacq. hort. i. 39 .—fPluk. 44. 2, cannot be the plant, as the blojfom is twice as long as the empalement, and the flowers on fruit-ftalks.) Differs from M. rotmdifolia as follows : Stem nearly upright, three times as tall. Leaves more pointed. Leafflalks afeending near the end. Flowers fitting. Empalements fmooth; the outer ftrap, not fpear-fhaped, purplifh when the fruit is ripe. Blofloms Icarcely as long or not even fo long as the empalement. Seed-coats •wrinkled above, and toothed at the tides. Differs from M. verli- rillata in the branches fpreading, and the empalement o'f the fruit ot doled. Linn. — Stem, leaves, and fruit-ftalks very (lightly downy androughifh; often fmooth. Leaves roundifh, toothed, nd more or lefs lobed. Flowers few, in a duller, on fhort fruit- italks. Empalement very fmooth; the inner, when in fruit, cx- anding. Petals oblong, nicked, of a palifh purple hue. Seed- wats imperfectly toothed at the edges. Jacq.— This plant, as a jative of Gr. Britain, is involved in great obfeurity, Mr. Hudfon ives no particular place of growth, except that from R. fyn. Mr. •Voo dward, — for which reafon I am inclined to doubt whether iiie plant found by Sherard might not have been M. verticillata, •Inch fee; tho’ it muft be oyvned that the charader of “ /mailer “ leaves,” in Rand’s character of it, as given by Boerhaave, ac- ords better with M. paruiflora. St. Maiva annua rotundifolia floribus omnium minimis albis pentapetalis ver- .cHlatim genicula ambientibus, et Jeminibus arcle iifdem verticillatim adhee- sntibus, nobis, H. ox. II. p. 521. n. 4, and R. hill. 598. n. 5, noted by Mr. Hudfon with a mark of doubt, is referred by Lin- ens both to M. parviflora and verticillata. St. Mr. Woodw.) On rubbilh. Huds. — Found by Mr. J. Sherard, in company ith Mr. Rand, atHithe, in Kent. Dill.. in R. fyn. A. Linn. Jacq. B. Huds. July. MAL'VA rotundifo'lia. Stem proflrate. Leaves heart- dinar f naped-circular, with 5 imperfect lobes. Fruit-ftalks, ■'hen the fruit is formed, declining. Linn. — Lobes of the aver often dijlinbl. St. Curt. 1 common * ♦ MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. \ Curt. iii. 27. — FI. dan. 721. — Lonic. i. 156. 2. — Cer. 785. 2. Fuckf. 508, cop. in J. B. ii. 949. 2, and Trag. 369, in its JirJl Jlage of flowering. — Matth. 455, improved in Park. 2gg. f. 1. — Dod. 653. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 371. 2, ic. i. 651. 1, Ger. cm. 93°- 2- Blofs. white, with a tinge of purple, but fomtimes, as in the Neighbourhood of Upfal, quite white and fmaller. Linn. — Stem and branches lying clofe to the ground. Lfwjferrated. Leaf-flalks very long. Lcaf-J'cales in pairs, fpear-fhaped, fringed. Fruit-flalks much fhorter than the leaves, with 1 flower. Blofs. white, with purple veins. Mr. Woodward. — Leaf-flalks twice or more times longer than the leaves. St. [Mauls in Leicefterfhire. Dr. Arnold.] Road fides, and among rubbifh. A. June — 06?:. The ancients ufed to eat the leaves as we do Cabbage. Sheep eat it. Goats, Horfes, and Swine refufe it. Cows are not fond of it. Linn. — A Horfe eat it. Sa'. MAL'VA fylvef'tris. Stem upright, herbaceous. Leaves with 7 lobes, pointed. Fruit-flalks and leaf-flalks hairy. J-HNn. — Lobes of the leaves 5 and 7. Hall. St. With. Curt. ii. 15. — Blackw. 22. — Fuckf. 509, cop. in J. B. 949. 1. — Ger. 785. i. — H. ox. v. 17. 8. — Dod. 653. 1, repr. in Lob. obj.371. 1, ic. i. 650. 2, Ger. cm. 930. 1. Stem and leaf-flalks woolly. Empal. outer, leaves egg fhaped. Blofs. bluilh purple, fonrietimes white. Linn. — Stem more or lefs up- right, rough, hairy, nearly of the fame thicknefs throughout, ra- ther woody. Leaves with 5 lobes, rarely 6 or 7, unequally fer- raled, hairy on both Tides, with a dark purple ftain near the infer- tion of the leaf-ftalk. Leaf-flalks 3-corncred, rough. Fruit-flalks nearly cylindrical, from the bofom of the leaf-ftalks or branches. Empal. outer, leaves fpear-fhaped; both inner and outer hairy with- out, fmooth within, toothed at the edges, and the teeth terminat- ing in long hairs. Petals deeply nicked, but not bitten, purple, with 3 or 4 darker ftreaks. Chives purple. Dufl white. Shaft purple. Summits purple, 11 or 12. With. Common Mallow. [Mauls in Leicefterfhire. Dr. Arnold.] Hedges, footpaths, and amongft rubbifh. [Tho’ fo common in mod parts of England, it is fo fcarce about Kendal in Weft- morcland, that to find a plant of it is regarded as a botanical dif- covery. St.] The young leaves, when boiled, are good to eat. Cows eat it. Linn. — A Horfe eat it. St. 2. Bloflbms THREADS UNITED, MANY CHIVES. 2. BlofToms purplifh blue. iNear Worcefter. Sr. 3. Root-leaves variegated with yellovvifti white blotches toward* ithe edge. In the fields near Worcefter on rubbifh. Being removed into .the garden it remained unchanged, flowering the fucceeding fum- nber. Sr. MAL'VA verticilla'ta. Stem upright. Leaves whorh' angular. Flowers from the bofom of the leaves, congre- ,lgated, fitting. Empalements rough. — Jacq. hort. i. 40. Empalement of the fruit clofed. Linn. St. — Root fibrous. Stem rylindrical, roughifh, if foot or more high. Leaves roundifh, heart-fhaped at the bafe, tooth-ferrated, with 7 lobes, fmooth above, fomewhat downy underneath. Leaf-fcales egg-fhaped, pointed. Fruit-jlalks with 1 flower, fhort. Evipal. leaves of the ^uter fpear-fhaped; the inner doling upon the fruit. Petals oblong- nverlely heart-fhaped, pale, with the outer border purplifh. Tacq. St. — Root branched, ft i fF, vvhitifh, branches zigzag. Stems •ve,ry little or not at all branched, fometimes a little afeending at he bafe, ftiff, flightly angular, fmooth below, but above with ve- 7 fine Scattered hairs. Leaves alternate, kidney-fhaped, with 3 hbs, fcolloped, with 5 rounded lobes, fmoothifh, the veins above iear the infertion of the leaf-ftalks downy, and all of them under- neath befet with fhort hairs; the lower leaves indiftinclly lobed; he upper pointed. Leaf-Jlalks fhorter than the leaves, channelled :nd downy above, roughifh underneath. Leaf-fcales oppofite, in »airs, upright, fcored, the edges htriry and fomewhat membrana- eous, and extended a little way down the ftem. Flowers nearly fitting, upwards of feven in a clufter. Fruit-jlalks cylindrical, une- qual, fhorter than the empalements, bare, growing out in length while the plant is in flower; when the fruit is formed, upright. ~mpal. outer fomewhat fhorter than the inner; leaves fpear-ftrap- ihaped, fcored, fomewhat expanding, hairy at the edge; the inner Jiaiiry, after the flowering of the bloflom doling upon the fruit, rncreafing in fize, and at length flightly expanding. Blofs. juft anger than the empalement, vvhitifh, with a purplifh border; fetals very flightly nicked, befet with very fhort vvhitifh hair. breads white, 9 to 10. Dufl globular, very large, adhering to ne fummit. Summits 11, white, rolled back, woolly above. 1 eed-coats wrinkled at the edges, correfponding in number with the utnmits. The leaf-ftalks fhorter than the leaves, the upright "uit-ftalks, and the comparative length of the blofTom and em- lalement may be added to the other marks, which diftinguifh it M. rotundifolia. St, Malva 739 740 MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Maloa finenfis annua , ereSla, fore minimo. Kitfaife. Rand ac5t. phil. xxxii. Malva annua rotundifolia jioribus omnium minimis allis pentape talis verticilla'im genicula ambienlibus, et feminibus artle iijdem verticillatim adharentibus, nobis. H. ox. II.. 521, [and R.Jiift. 598.] —Malva finenfis, erecla, Jlofculis albis minimis. Boerh. ind. alt. 268. n. 5. On a dung-hill on the lidc of the turnpike road from Birmingh. to Hales- Owen at the 3d mile flone. I am inclined to believe that the feeds had been carried thither with rubbifh, from fome of the gardens near the town. St. A. July. MAL'VA mofcha'ta. Stem upright. Root -leaves kidney-lhaped, cut. Stem-leaves with 5 divifions ; feg- ments between wiriged and many cloven. Linn. — Leaves of the outer empal. ftrap-lpear-fhaped. From Curt. St. Curt. iv. 42.— Wale. — J. B. ii. 1067. 1. — H. ox. v.. 18. 4. Differs from M. Alee a as follows : Stem, not fo tall, with foiitary upright hairs riling from a prominent little point. Seed-coats rough with hairs. Flowers of an ambrofial feent. Li nn. — Differs from M. Albea as follows : of a mufk feent while in flower. Sterns i| foot high. Stem-h-aves with 5 divifions extending to the leaf-flalk; fegments with winged clefts, thole of the uppermofl: leaves very narrow. Flowers fomevvhat fmaller. Seed-ccats rough with hair. Leers. — Empal. no protuberant ring at the bale. Curt. — Stem cylindrical, much branched, (lightly hairy. Root-leaves roundifh-kidney-lhaped, deeply Lolloped at the edge; lower fern-leaves with 3 clefts extend- ing halfway down, the lateral fegments with 2 or 3 lobes half as deep; thofe above with 3 divifions extending down to the leaf-ftalk, fegments deeply divined, the fub-divilions deeply jagged; the upper fometimes lengthened out into fomething of a triangular form, with 5 divifions, legments with winged clefts, the fub-divifions more and more divided upwards, thofe of the uppermofl ftrap- fhaped. Leqf-fcales fpear-fhaped, 2atthebafeof the leaf-ftalks. Flower s crowded on the top of the ftem and branches, from the bo- fom of the upper-leaves, foiitary. Empal. outer, leaves very nar- row, inner with broad oval fegments, terminated by an angular point. The mulk-like Lent not always perceptible, in which Rate it has probably been fometimes taken for M. Alcea. Mr. Woodii ard. — Plant, but not the flowers, with a ftrong Lent of mulk, efpecially after being gathered a few hours. Stem cylindri- cal, rather woody, upright, branched, rough with briftly hairs riling from dark-coloured tubercles. Branches purplifli, fwoln at their bafe. Leaves above dark green, and a little hairy; more hairy beneath. Root-leaves on long leaLftalks, toothed on the convex THREADS UNITED, MANY CHIVES. convex edge; Jlem-leaves, the lower rather femi-circular, and fome- what deeper cut at the convex edge; the middle ones cloven into 5 fegments, which arc cut and toothed; the upper with q deep divifions, more hairy than thofe below, the 2 lateral fegments divided into 2, the middle one into 3, the lefler fegments lagged and toothed. Leaf-ftalks Ihortening upwards. Leaf-fcales and flower- Jca.cs ftrap-fhaped, refembling the leaves of the outer empalement but larger. Empal. outer, leaves fpear-lhaped, toothed at the edee with green.fli glands, out of each of which arifes a long white ihair; inner hairy, marked within, at the bafe of the petals, with .5 large circular, pale green, and rather flelhy fpots. Petals flelhy ^at the bafe, ribbed, claws fringed, twice as long as the empal. Threads and duft white. Tips purplilh red. Shafts >5. Seed-Ids iiJr i f r WiTH.-Stm, fruit-Jlalks, and empalements hairy. All the leaves fmooth and dotted above, the veins and edges fliairy underneath ; ftem-leaves of a flowering ftem fometimes all fagged, while thofe of a barren ftem circular-kidney-lhaped. tFlotvers mufk-feented , pale rofe-coloured, the terminating ones rf™3/?/ r l0Wer "nes folitar^ from the bofom of the leaves. . Itruit-Jlalks fometimes longer than the flowers. St. M.mofchata, or round cut-leaved Vervain Mallow. Mill dieft n TO, though Miller does not feem to have known that a planfan- wering to the fpecific character which he gives from Linmeus, ZZS* 0f 5reat'Britain- feems to havemiftaken this °r V '1 t C%r-n URT' St '~Alcea M° rotundo lacinialo C. B. ib. rr reSarded by MiU. _as a diftindl fpecies, but that it is our plant ppears from the defcnptions of Clufius and Col. St. P Meadows, paftures, and ditch banks. [Hertfordfliire, Hunt- De.rby,fhire’ and the N°rth, frequent. In Norfolk ind Suffolk fparmgly. Mr. Woodward.] B tu1v Anp. and Horfes eat it. Sheep refufe it &* NifUw^.dW"d0"“° lhe bafe> fe*ments wilh t ;;!J0t ™u(i'-rcen‘ef a"g»lar towards the top, about 2 feet ffs branched- Branches not fwoln at the bafe. Leaves, aments 3 or 5, and fub-dividing into others, which are again nto clefts. Leaf-ftalks , all fhort. Leaf-fcales and jlower-fcales -metimes toothed on one edge. Empal inner without any circular J5 mt,h? 'jv ?Tl 5 m°re th3n twice as lon§ a* empalement" ■ nlZ J7 17 A f VH'~Stem 2Ueet high. Branches ex- de 4h rCC1, Vth 3 f°ft whitift down on ^ch f r 7 7 dlvlfions’ the uPPer with 5, fegments with Zd n rf-fi f 5 ftor,er the - Vol. II. °wer^cales often vV,th a t0°th, or with 3 clefts. Threads, . 3 C the 74 1 MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. the cylinder downy. Not having cultivated thefe plants, I can- not fay to what caufe we are to attribute the above differences, many of which, I doubt not, ar,e variable. The ill variety, I am inclined to think, were plants which had been cut or eaten down early in the fpririg; the latter fuch as had grown unmolefted in - open and expofed fituations. St. M.Alcea, or narrow-leaved curled Vervain Mallow. Mill. diet. n. S. , (Alcea vulgaris minor. C. B. pin. 316, variety 13 Linnaeus, has the upper-leaves hand-fhaped and cut, not fingered, with winged clefts! See FI. fuec.— Lonic. ii. 31, J'eems rather to referable Mill. ic. ^ Paftures^ in many parts of England. Mi ll.— [Dudley Caftle. Wn-H.— Sunny banks, Worcelterfhire. St.] July. Aug* Fapilio Malvae, and Cimex ApterUs, are fupported by the different r • 007. LAVA- ipecies. 3 ' t N * M. Alcca has been inferted by Mr. Hudfon, and faid to grow in hedges, and on the borders of corn fields, in YVarwickfirire, Leicefterfirire, and Notting- hamfhire. Miller, too, in his iconcs, fays, that the M. Alcca grows in War- wickfiiire and Staffordfhire, and adds, that lie does not remember to have feen it growing in any other county in England. What he here calls M.Alcea, how- ever, fhould feem, from the Englifh name which he gives it in his dictionary, of narrow-leaved curled Vervain Mallow, to be no other than M. mofebata, variety 2. Accordingly, in this latter work, he difiinguifhes the true M. Alcca by the title ot M. major, or common greater Vervain Mallow. This lie indeed tells us is found growing naturally in fome of the midland counties in England, but not near London. But, when I find that he does not admit the M. mofebata to be a native of Great-Britain, I am inclined to believe, that what he has faid of the true M. Ahea'was given from the information of others, who miftook the M. mofbata for it, and not from his own obfervation. St. — That this does not exift as an Englifli plant, the M. mofebata having been probably miflaken for it, is now pafi all doubt, and that no other than M. mofebata is to be found in the counties of Warwick, Leicetler, and Nottingham, is confirmed by the repeated obfervations of botanifis who have carefully fearched for it in thofe counties. Mr, Woodward. 907. LAV AT E'R A. THREADS UNITED, MANY CHIVES. 907. LAVATE'RA. Velvet-leaf. E.mpal. Cup double. Outer Cup 1 leaf; with 3 (hallow clefts; blunt;' thort; permanent. Inner Cup 1 leaf; with 5 (hallow clefts; ferments (harper; upright; permanent. Bloss. Petals 5; united at the bafe; inverfely heart- (haped; flat; expanding. Chives. Threads numerous ; united at the bottom into a cylinder ; loofe at the top ; fixed to the bloffom. Tips kidney-fhaped. Point. Seed-bud round and flat. Shaft cylindrical ; (hort. Summits many; 7 to 14; briftle-lhaped ; as long as the (haft. S.Vess. Seed-coats forming a whorl round the Receptacle^ which (lands in the centre likea pillar. The whorl depreffed ; not jointed. Seed-coats deciduous ; open- ing inwardly. :'Seeds iolitary; kidney-fhaped. Ess. Char. Empal. double ; the outer with 3 clefts. Seed- coats fever al ; each with 1 feed. LAVATE'RA arbo'rea. Stem woody. Leaves with tree ■7 angles, cottony, plaited. Fruit-ftalks crowded, from the bofom of the leaves, with 1 flower. — (Matth. 457, is Alcea feifolia.) Blnjs. reddilh purple, with black blotches at the bafe of the pe- als, and fcored with purplifh black ftreaks, St. Tree Mallow. — Sea fhores. Hurft Caftle, over again!! the Ifle tof Wight. Portland Ifland, rocks of Caldey Ifland, and BafTe (lands, near Edinburgh. Ray. — Inch Garvey and Mykric-Inch, a the Firth of Forth. Siebald. — Cornwall and Devonfh. Huds. B. July. Aue> 4 3 C 2 743 Clafs Clafs XVII. diadelphia. THREADS in 2 SETS. THIS Clafs comprehends the Butterfty-Jhaped flowers, and the Leguminous plants of fome authors. Linnaeus takes the Classic character from the difpofition, and the charafter of the Orders from the number of the Chives. From the title of this Clafs, the young Botanift will be led to imagine, that the threads are always formed into two fets, but this is, by no means, the cafe ; in many inftances they are united into one fet. The Butterfly-fhape of the blolfom will, therefore, be a furer guide. If the fludent will get the flower ol a Garden Pea, and com- pare it with the following Natural Character, there will no longer remain any difficulty in pronouncing, at flrfl light, whether a plant belongs to this Clafs or not. I Natural CLASS XVII. Natural Character. Empal. Cup i leaf; bell-fhaped; fhrivelling ; bellying at the bafe ; the lower part connected with the fruit- ftalk ; upper part blunt ; containing honey. Rim with 5 teeth ; (harp ; upright; oblique; unequal. Lower Tooth long; 2 upper teeth fhorter, and hand- ing further afunder. The bottom of the cup in- clofing the receptacle, moiftened with a liquor like honey. Bloss. butterfly-Jhaped ; unequal ; each petal having a dif- tin6l name. Thus the Standard is the largeft petal, lying upon, and covering the others. It is flat; horizontal ; fixed by a claw to the upper edge of the receptacle; that part of it which hands out of the cup nearly circular and entire; a riling line, mark- ing it lengthways, particularly towards the end, as ii it had been preffed down at the fides. That part of the petal next the bafe is fomewhat like half a cylinder, and inclofes the parts that lie under it. The border is deprefled on each fide, but the fides next to the edge are turned upwards, where the half cylinder terminates. At the unfolding of the bor- der there are 2 concave impreflions, prominent on the under fide, and comprefling the wings which lie beneath them. The Wings are 2 equal petals ; 1 placed on each fide the flower under the ftandard. The borders incumbent , parallel; circular, or oblong; broadeft outwards ; the upper edge pretty flraight ; the lower extended and rounded. The bafe of each wing is cloven ; the lovver fegment extending into a claw, fixed to the fide of the receptacle, and about as long as the cup ; the upper fegment fhorter and bent inwards. The Keel is the lowermofl petal ; generally di- vided ; placed under the flandard, and between the wings. It is boat-fhaped, concave, comprelfed at the fides ; placed in the pofition of a boat upon the wa- ter. It is diminifhed at the bafe, the lower part extending into a claw as long as the cup, and fixed to the receptacle. The upper and lateral fegments lnorter, and interwoven with thole parts of the 3 C 3 wings CLASS XVII. wings which refemble them in fhape. The fides of the keel fhaped like the wings, and have a fimilar fituation, only lower and more inwards. The line that forms the keel, in this petal, is ftraight as far as the middle, and then gradually rifes in an arch ; but the marginal line runs ftraight to the extremity, until it meets with, and is loft in that of the keel. Chives. Threads united into 2 bodies, differing in fhape. The lower thread inclofmg the pointal; the upper thread lying upon it. Lower Thread inclofing the feed-bud ; membrana- ceous below the middle, and cylindrical ; opening upwards and lengthways; terminating in 9 awl- fhaped threads, bent like the keel, and equal to it in length; alternately 2 longer and 2 fhorter. Upper Thread awl or briftle-fhaped. Similar in fituation to, and lying upon the opening of the cylindrical part of the lower thread ; fim'ple ; and a little fhorter than that : feparated from the others at the bale, fo as to give a vent on each fide lor the honey. Tips 10 ; 1 upon the upper thread ; 9 upon the lower; fmalL; equal in fi'ze ; terminating. Point, fingle ; fuperion Seed-hud oblong ; nearly cylin-. drical; flightly compreffed ; ftraight; as long as the cylinder of the lower thread which inclofes it. Shaft awl-fhaped, or thread-fhaped ; amending; agreeing in length and fituation with the divifions of the lower thread, and placed amongft them; fhri- velling. Summit downy as far as it is turned upwards, placed diredtly under the tips. S. Vess. Shell oblong ; compreffed ; blunt ; with 2 valves, and a feam running lengthways both above and be- low ; both feams ftraight ; but the upper feam fall- ing near the bafe, and the lower feam riling towards the end. It opens at the upper feam. Seeds feveral; roundifh ; fmooth ; flefhy ,* pendant; marked with a prominence caufed by the young plant near the infertion of the eye. When the young plant is excluded, the fide lobes retain the figure ol half the feed. Receptacles CLASS XVII. Receptacles proper to the feeds ; fmall ; very fhort ; flender at the bale ; blunt at the part by which they are fixed. Inferted lengthways in the upper feam only of the pod, but alternately ; fo that the valves beinb leparated, the feeds adhere alternately to each valves Obs. This Clafs is perfectly natural, and the ftrudlure of the flowers extremely lingular: their fituation is generally obliquely pendant. The ngure of the Shell is not of fo much confequence in ah certaining the Genera as fome have imagined; but the Cu p, which has been hitherto thought unworthy of notice, is of the greateft ufe. The Leaves never lfiould be confiaered in forming the cha- racters of Genera, The Seeds of this Clafs furnifh food for men, and other ani- mals: they are farinaceous and flatulent. The Leaves are food for cattle. None of them are poifonous. Dr. Pulteney, in a note added to his tranflation of the Pan Suecicus, fays, “ A general view of this Clafs lfievvs at once how “ very acceptable its plants are to almofl all cattle, Cows and “ Sheep refufed none, and Horfes not more than three, out of the “ whole number with which they were tried. They afford the 11 richeft food for cattle, and are cultivated in divers parts of “ Europe, with all poffible attention. With us, the Tr i fo li um “ pratenfe, (or Clover,) is moftly fown. Lately fome trials have “ been made with the Hedysarum onobrychis, ( Sainfoin ) and “ fome have thought that it anfwers better than Clover. I fay “ nothing of the exotic Luccrn. Among thefe plants the An thy l- “ Lts vulneraria is particularly acceptable to Sheep; infomuch, “ that the feparate cultivation of it has been recommended, but 41 it will not fucced well except on chalky grounds.” (See Dr. Pulteney ’s judicious work, entitled, “ A General View of the 44 Life and Writings of Linnaeus,” 3 C 4 Order 748 DIADELPHIA. I Order II. HEXANDRIA; VI. CHIVES. 920. Fuma’ria Cup 2 leaves. Blofs. gaping, bel- lied at the bale; containing honey ; 3 tips on each thread. Order III. OCTANDRIA; VIII. CHIVES. • .' <\ > 921. Polyg'ala Cup with 2 fegments like wings. Blofs. with a cylindrical ftand- ard. Chives connected. Capf. inverfely heart-fhaped ; 2 cells. Order IV. DECANDRIA; X. CHIVES. \ * Threads all united. 929. Star'tium T/irazdradheringclofe to the feed- bud. Summit woolly ; growing to the upper fide of the draft. 930. Genis'ta Pointal preffing down the keel. Summit rolled inwards. 936. Anthyl'lis Cup Iwollen and turgid; inclof- ing the pod. 932. U'lex. Cup 2 leaves. Shell hardly longer than the cup. 935* Ono'nis Shell diamond-draped, fitting. Standard fcored. * * Summit THREADS in 2 SETS. \ * * Summit downy, (without the marks of the former divifion.) Linn.— 9 of the threads :inited. With. 915. Or'obus Shaft {lender, nearly cylindrical ; woolly on the upper or inner fide. 944. Pi'sum Shaft keel-fhaped above, and woolly. 946. Lath'yrusn Shaft flat above, and woolly. 947. Vic'ia Shaft bearded under the Summit. Shells 2 cells, ( without the marks of the former divifons.) 965. Astrag'alus. .... Shell 2 cells; rounded. * * * * Shells with 1 or 2 feeds, ( without the marks of the former divifons. ) 960. Trifo lium She'll but little longer than the cup ; with 1 or 2 feeds. Flow- ers in heads. f Medicago lupulina. St. Sheil fomewhat jointed. Linn.1 — or fpival. St. 961. Hedys'arum Shell with roundifh compreffed joints. Keel very blunt. yjRNi thopus. Shell jointed ; bent like a bow. 95°. Hippocre'pis Shell compreffed; membranace- ous ; 1 of the feams hollowed out with deep notches, deeper , , than the middle of the {hell. 971. Medica'go Shell fpiral ; membranaceous ; compreffed. Pointal prefling down the keel. ****** Shell t 74 9 75° DIADELPHIA. ****** Shell i cell and many feeds, ( without the marks of the former , divifions.) 948. Er'vum Cup with 5 divifions, fomewhat equal ; nearly as long as the bloffom. 969. Lo'tus Shell cylindrical ; filled with cy- lindrical feeds.* * Linnaeus alfo gives a kind of natural arrangement of the different genera. Winged without an odd Leafit. Orobus, Pifum, Lathy- rus, Vicia, Ervum. Winged with an odd Leafit. Ajlragalus, Hedyfarum. With three Leafits. Trifolium, Lotus, Medicago, Gcnijla, Ononis. Flowers in Rundles. Lotus, Grnilhopus, Hippocrepis, / Order THREADS in 2 SETS, VI. CHIVES. Order II. HEXANDRIA; VI. CHIVES. 920. FUMA'RIA. Fumitory. Empal. Cup 2 leaves ; oppolite; equal; lateral; up- right ; (harp ; fmall ; deciduous. Bloss. oblong ; tubular; gaping; palate projecting and filling up the mouth. Upper Lip flat ; blunt ; notched at the end ; re- flected. (1 he Standard.) The Honey-cup is the bafe, of the upper lip pro- jecting backwards ; blunt. Lower Lip altogether fimilar to the upper lip ; to- wards the bafe keeled. (The Keel.) Honey-cup. at the bafe keeled ; but projecting lefs in this than in moft of the other genera. Mouth 4-cornered; blunt; cloven perpendicu- larly. (Wings.) >Ch ives. 'Threads 2 ; equal; broad; taper; one inclofed within each lip. Tips, 3 at the end of each thread. .Point. Seed-bud oblong; compreffed ; tapering. Shaft (hort. Summit round ; compreffed ; upright. ;,.S. Vess. Pod with 1 cell. :!Seeds roundifh. Ess. Char. Empalement of 2 leaves. Blofs. gaping. Threads 2 ; membranaceous ; each with 3 tips. Obs. The chives are almoft the only invariable part in this genus. * Blojfoms with a fingle fur. FUMA'RIA officina'lis. Seed-veffels in bunches, common teach with a fingle feed. Stem fpreading. — Ludw. 83.— Curt. ii. 1 g.—Malth. 1158.— Riv. tetr. i.—Fuckf. 338, cop. in J. B. iii. a. 201. — Blackw. 237. — Wale. — Ger. 927. i.—Lonic. i. 166. 2.— Dad. 59, repr. in Lob. obf. 437. 3, ic. i. 737. 1, Ger.em. 1088. 1, and cop, in Pari. 287. i.—Trag. 110.— Mill. 136. 2, leaves too broad.— Ii. ox. iii. 12. 9. 75* Pouch 752 DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA. Fouch roundifh, falling off. Linn. — Stems fmooth. Leaves fmooth, fomevvhat flefhy, fea-green, trebly compound, the laft divifions with 5 or 3 clefts, the extreme fegments fpear-fhaped. 1 lowers alternate, in long fpikes. Fruit-Jlalks very fhort. Floral-leaves fpear- fhaped, menubranaceous, i at the bafe of each fruit-ftalk. Seed* vejfel roundifh, fmooth. Mr. Woodw. — Leaves doubly u’inged; leajits with 3 lobes, and thefe again cloven into 2 or 3 parts. Blofs. pink and deep purple; in long terminating fpikes, fometimes pale purple or white. Fumitory. Corn fields, ditch banks, [dung-hills. St.] A. May — Aug. Cows and Sheep eat it. Goats are not fond of it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. Linn. — A Horfe eat it. St. The leaves are fucculent, faline, and bitter. The expreffed juice in dofes of 2 or 3 ounces, is ufeful in hypochondriacal, fcorbutic, and cache&ic habits. It corrects acidity, and ftrengthens the tone of the'ftomach. Hoffman prefers it to all other medicines as a fweetener of the blood. There is no doubt of its utility in obftruc- tions of the vifeera, and the difeafes arifing therefrom. With. — An infulion of the leaves is ufed as a cofmetic to remove freckles and clear the {kin. Mr. Woodward. / 3 . Ger. prov. Huds. Fumaria capreclata, which fee. In fituations where it can receive fupport this variety is pro- duced, which differs in no refpedt except that as it climbs the leaf- ftalks are bowed. Ger. prov. — I have not been able to perceive any difference between this and a, except in the colour of the flower, which in this is white tipt with purple. I have never found the leaves with tendrils, but the fterns are climbing, and the leaf- ftalks are twifted or twining. Huds. ramping FUMA'RIA capreola'ta. Seed-veffels in bundles, each with a {ingle feed. Leaves climbing, fomevvhat ten- dril-like.— 1 (FI. dan. 340, referred to by Linnaeus , is moft certainly F. claviadata. J Pedicles bowed back. The extreme leajits running into tendrils. Linn. — Gerard confiders it as a variety of F. officinalis, but it is Angular that it fhould not occur in the corn fields or orchards of Sweden, where the F. officinalis is common. Linn. — Much taller than F. officinalis. Flowers larger. Leaf-Jlalks of the leafits curved, and atfting the part of tendrils, clafping about the neighbouring plants. Lightf. St. — Stems longer and weaker than thofe of F. officinalis. Leaves more diftant, not fo finely divided, the extreme divifions broader and blunter. Flowers fewer on the fpike. Fruit- THREADS in 2 SETS, VI. CHIVES. 753 talks longer. Mr. Wooow. — Stem fometimes trailing, and inter- leaving its branches among the grafs, very much branched, fome- iimes 3 feet long. Blojfoms pale red. St. Gardens, cultivated ground, and under walls with the F. offi- inalis. Ray. — Rocks by thefealide. Lightf. — Ditch banks. St. A. Aug. Sept. Sr. FUMA'RIA clavicula'ta. Pods ftrap-fhaped. Leaves climbing with tendrils. — FL dan. 340. — Dod. 60, repr. in Lob. obf. 438. 2, ic. i. 758. 1, Ger. em. 1088. 2, and cop. in J. B. iii. a. 204. x, Park. 288. 6, and H. ox. iii. 12. 3. — Ger. 929. 5 and 6. Tendrils from the ends of the leaves. Linn. — Leaf-jlalks often rrooked. Tendrils generally forked, and fometimes with 2 minute leaves near the end. Spikes lateral. Fruit-flalhs ftraight, naked. • uods with 2 feeds. Mr. Wood. — Leaves green; leajits inverlely egg- haped, egg-fpear-fhaped, or fpear-fhaped. Tendrils branched. lowers few, yellow. Spikes fhort. Mr. Wood w. — Stems 3-cor- xered, (lender, purplifh at the bafe. Leajits egg-fpear-fhaped, nding in a fharp flexible point. Spikes towards the top of the dem or branches, of about 5 flowers, feldom more than 2 of vhich come to perfection. Empal. leaves inverfely heart-fhaped, vhite, very fmall. Blofs. Jlandard oblong, concave, reflected at he end, not notched; honey-cup blunt; feel a little concave at the Dp, and reflected at the edges. Threads, 1 fixed to the ftandard, he other to the bafe of the 2 wings and uniting them. Seed-bud leart-fhaped; Jhaft crooked; fummit flat, and ragged. Seed-vejjel Iblong, tapering, with 1 to 3 feeds. With. Woods and moifl hedges, boggy and rocky places, in a fandy fcjil, and on the banks of lakes and rivers. [Among the rocks of ttonehall, nearRavvdon, 7 miles from Leeds. Mr. Wood. — dough ftony places above Great Malvern Tower. Nash. Mr. • A lard. — Thorpe, near Norwich. Mr. Woodw.- — Infomeof lae leaf! frequented roads about Birmingham. With.] A. June. July. Order 754 DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA. Order III. OCTANDRIA; VIII. CHIVES . 921. POLY G'ALA. Milkwort. Empal. Cup 3deaves; fmall ; egg-fhapcd ; (harp; per- manent; 2 placed beneath, and i above the blofs. Bloss. butterfly-fhaped. Number of petals uncertain. Wings permanent ; fomewhat egg-fhaped ; fiat ; large; placed on the outfide the other parts of the jj .. blolfom, and formed by the teeth of the cup. Standard generally cylindrical ; tubular; fhort. Rim refie£ted ; fmall ; cloven. Keel concave ; compreffed; diflended towards the end. Appendages; generally 2 ; pencil-fhaped ; with 3 divifions ; fixed towards the end of the keel. Chives. Threads 8; itnited; inclol'ed in the keel. Tips 8; fimple. Point. Seed-bud oblong. Shaft fimple ; upright. Summit terminating; thick; cloven. S. Vess. Capfule turban-heart-fhaped ; compreffed; fliarp at the edge. Cells 2. Valves 2. Partition placed crofs- ways to the valves ; opening at the edge on each fide. Seeds lolitary; egg-fhaped. Ess. Char. Empal. leaves 5 ; 2 of them wing-like; coloured. Shale inverfely hcart-Jhaped ; with 2 cells. Obs. The appendage to the keel is different in different fpecies. The wings of the bloffom may be confidered as 2 lateral coloured leaves belonging to the empalement, and then it will be a cup com- poled of 5 leaves. Linn. With. St. c: mon POLY G'ALA vidga'ris. Flowers crefted, in bunches. Stems herbaceous, fimple, trailing. Leaves ftrap-fpear- fhaped. — Wale. — FI. dan. 516. — J. B. iii.386. 3 and 4. — Dod. 253, repr. in Lob. obf. 228. 1; ic. i. 416. 2, Ger. em. 564, and cop. in Park. 1332. 2. — Trag. 571, cop. in Louie, i. 183. 1. — J. B. iii. 362. — Lob. ic. i. 417. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 563. 3. — Ger. 449. 4. — (Vaill. 32. 1. — Ger. em. 563. 2 and 4, and Ger. 449. 2 and 3, are P. major of Jaajuin.J Stem THREADS in 2 SETS, VIII. CHIVES. Stem with us never nearly upright. Hosiers with a pencil-fhaped ippendage. Linn. — Leaves larger upwards. Mr. Woodward. — Stem 4-cornered, undivided. Leaves alternate, or in pairs, a lit- he rolled back at the edges, the upper fpear-fhaped, the lower .igg-fhaped. Empal. leaves fpear-fhaped, concave, coloured. Blojs. wings fpear-fhaped, more fully coloured than the empalement; laniard compoted of 2 petals, joined by a hairinefs at the edges; •eel cylindrical below, but towards the top expanding into 2 fets of ..lub-fhaped glandular appendages. Threads in 2 lets, like 2 ex- panded hands, with 4 fingers to each. Tips yellow, or orange. Shaft thicker upwards. Summit with 2 lips, the one a flefhy knob, fhe other lpear-fhaped, concave. Seed-vejfel bordered. With. — Bunches terminating. BloJ's. blue. Milkii’ort. — Failures and heaths. P. June. July. Linnaeus found it to poffefs the properties of the Senega Rattle- fnake root, (Polygala Senega ) but in an inferior degree. Duhamel ufed it in pleuritic cafes with the defired fuccefs. Mem. de Paris, ■740. — The powdered root may be given in dofes of half a dram. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Swine refufe it. /3 Huds. Park. 1332. 1, cop. in J. B . iii. 387, are referred to by Doody in R. Jyn. but no place of growth is mentioned. More upright, and always purplifh. Doody. — I have luxuriant pecimens both, blue and purple, which accord with Doody’s ob- servation, but the flowers fall far fliort of thofe of the P. major of Jacquin, to which the figures referred to by Doody belong. Sr. y Flowers violet-coloured. Huds. St. £ Flowers flefh-coloured. Huds. St. f Flowers white. Huds. St. With. £ Huds. In bogs beyond the wood going from John Coal’s to Troydon Bogs. Sherard in R. fyn. Order DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Order IV. DECANDRIA; X. CHIVES . i 929- SPAR'TI'UM. Broom. Empal. Cup i leaf; heart-fhaped, but tubular; final 1 ; coloured ; the upper margin very fhort ; the lower towards the end let with 3 or 5 little teeth. Bloss. butterfly-fhaped. Petals 5. Standard inverfely heart-lli aped ; entirely reflect- ed ; large. J'Vine;s egg-fliaped; oblong; fhorter than the flandard ; connected to the threads. Keel, petals 2 ; fpear-fliaped ; oblong; longer than the wings ; connected at the keel-fhaped margin by foft hairs; fixed to the threads. Chives. ‘Threads 10; connected; unequal; the upper- inoft the fhort eft, and from that growing gradually longer. The lower cloven into 9 parts. Tips rather oblong. Point. Seed-bud oblong ; hairy. Shaft awl-fhaped ; hairy; riling upwards. Summit fixed to the upper fide of the fliaft, near the end. S. \ ess. Shell cylindrical ; long; blunt; with 1 cell and 2 valves. Seeds many ,* globular; but fomewhat kidney-fhaped. Ess. Char. Summit longitudinal ; zvoolly above. Threads adhering to the feed-bud. Empalement lengthened out downwards. \ SPAR'TIU M [cop a'rium. Leaves in threes, and folitary. Branches without prickles, angular. — Riv. tclr. 63. 1, Genijla. — FI. dan. 313. — Blackw. 244. — Sheldr. 7. — Dod. 761. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 531. 1, ic. ii. 89. 1, Ger. an. 1311. 1, and cop. in Park. 229. 1. — Ger. 1130. 1. — Fuchf. 219, cop. in J. B. i. b. 388. 3. — Trag. g6i. — Lonic. i. 39. 2. Empalement with 2 lips; the lip beneath the keel with 3, the other with 2 very fhort teeth. Reliian. — Pods fringed at the edge with long foft hairs. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves and leaf-Jtalks flightly hairy THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. f,a7' Emr± the 7P'r PeSment with 2 teeth larger than thcfe of the lower. Blofs. Jlandard nearly circular, flightly notched at the end; keel, the petals rather hooked, united at the lower edee bv an intertexture of .ery fine, foft, woolly hairs. Threads, 4 lone and 6 fiiort. Shaft bowed almoft into a circle, and after flowering tnto a fpiral ; the very end, which one fhould be inclined to reeard as the fummit, not hairy. Blofs. yellow. With Broom.— Dry paRares. ' S. May. June, lhe young fiowers are fometimes preferved as pickles. The plant, when burnt, affords a tolerably pure alcaline fait. Dr. Mead relates the cafe of a dropfical patient that was cured by tak- ing half a pint of a decotftion of green Broom tops, with a fpoon- u of whole Muftard feed, every morning and evening. The pa- tient had been tapped three times, and tried the ufual remedies before. (Manila et precept, medica. p. 138.; An infufion of the feeds, drank freely, has been known ft produce fimilar happy effects- but whoever expedb thefe cffedls to follow in every dropfical cafe’, will be greatly deceived. I knew them fucceed in one cafe that was truly deplorable; but out of a great number of cafes, in which the medicine had a fair trial, this proved a fingle inftance. A ftrong lixivium of the afhes was ufed in the Swedilh army, in the feeveV7Tht0 1dr°PheS "0nfecluential t0 a catarrhal epidemic oeared unne became plentiful and the dropfies foon difap- peared. Med. comm. vol. 1. p. 373 .-Some ufe the feeds toafted, fo asto make a kind of coffee.-The plant, when growing We, merits a place among our flowering flirubs, on account of the profufion of its golden coloured bloffoms. Cows, Horfes, and Sheep refufe it. Linn. A Horfe eat it. With. — Phalena pifi feeds upon it. Vol. II. 3D 93°* GENIS'TA. 757 n I diadelphia decandria. 930. GENIS'TA. Greenweed. Emfal. Cup 1 leaf; fmall ; tubular; moftly with 2 lips. Upper Lip with 2 teeth, more deeply divided than the Lower Lip, which has 3 teeth nearly equal. Bloss. butterfly-draped. Standard oblong ; diflant from the keel ; entirely bent back. Wings oblong ; flexible ; fhorter than the other petals. Keel ftraight ; notched at the end ; longer than the ftandard. Chives. Threads 10 ; connected; riling out of the keel. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud oblong. Shaft fimple ; rifing upwards. Summit (harp ; rolled inwards. S. Vess. Shell roundifh ; turgid; with 1 cell and 2 valves. Seeds folitary; generally kidney-fhaped. Ess. Char. Empalement with 2 lips, the upper with 2 teeth, the lower with 3. Standard oblong, bent downwards from the pointal and chives . * * Without thorns. G E N I S ' T A tincto'ria. Leaves fpear-fliaped, frnooth ; Linn. — fringed with f oft hairs. Sr. FI. dan. 126. — Fuckf. 808, cob. in Trag. 604, Dod. 763. 1, and J. B. i. b.ggi.—Ger. 1134. l.—Cluf.'i. 101. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 521. 2, ic. ii. 90. 2, Ger. em. 1316. 1, and cop. in Park. 229. 7. — (Riv. pent. 67. r, Genijlella is the broad-leaved variety, the G. tinfforia italica of the London gardens.) Flowers in leafy fp/kes. Flower-leaves fhoTter than the blofifoms. Empalement with 5 nearly equal clefts. Blofs. ftandard egg-fhaped, blunt; wings oblong-oval, keel comprefled. Summit a little knob. Blojfoms yellow. With. Green-weed. Green-wood. Dyers-weed. Wood Waxen. Paftutes and borders of corn fields. S. July. A yellow colour may be prepared from the flowers, and for wool that is to be dyed green, the dyers prefer it to all others. A dram and a half of the powdered feeds, operates as a mild purgative. A decodtion of the plant is fometimes diuretic, and therefore has proved ferviceable in dropfical cafes. Horfes, Cows, Goats, and Sheep cat it. GENI S'TA 759 [r G ENIS'TA pilo'fa.. Leaves fpear-fhaped, blunt hairy Stem with tubercles, lying down.— F y 7aCl± f 2°*-Ro7e 3-i-Cluf. i. 103. 2, repr. in Ger. em. l3}3- 6.— Ger, n32. 6, cop. in J. B. i. 393. 2. Pods with many or only 2 feeds. Reich.— Stem and branches ough lymg cloie to the ground, even beneath the mofs ; ft cm much branched; the old branches naked, the young ones cloathed nath leaves. Leaves numerous, minute, oval, or oval-fpear- lhaped, entire fmooth above, with white filky hairs underneath. m enng-branches afcending. Flowers in ihort fpikes at the ends of .^e branches. Fruit-Jlalks fhort, hairy . Empalement hairy, yellow- ib green; lips nearly equal, pointed. Blofs. yellow, hairy with- ■ut, excepting the wings. Shells hairy. Mr. Woodward. Pa ft u res, heaths, dry and hilly places. About Lackford, 4 or c mles from St. Edmund’s Bury. Sir J. Cu lldm. -[Heaths nea^ -ury, which are perfedly yellow with it^vhen in flower, but after round0 M f0Und, the ^ ^ fo to the round. Mr. Woodward.] S. May. June. THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. G u N 1 S;T A an,fllca- Thoms fimple. Flowering needle ranches without prickles. Leaves fpear-lhaped. Linn! -Flowering branches fometmes whhfoft thorns. M. Woonw I' r° y°P' " Tra^\?62—Fl’ dan ■ 61 9—Dod. 760, repr. in plri It?5' V ■ 93' Gfr- m- 'V°- i 1 . 402* x> feems a different plant.) ^ 'K Th e old branches thorny, the flowering branches without thorns with Mattered thorns. Re l ha n. -Stem much branched. The old wcto tough, Without leaves, befet with thorns; thorns very "s atth ; 1 iH WCb l0ng; tbe Shoots 0f the year in bun- -3 at the end of the Old ones, but fparingly from the fides, with amerous leaves intermixed with foft thorns. Leaves fometimes Tali r l’ briSht§reen- Flowers pale yellow, all, few. Shells fhort, broad, fmooth, with 3 or 4 feeds Mr >oouwaP.o. -Empalement yeflow. Summit a fmdl knob. With’ m mn°r^ervriCa' C* B* Pin- 395, if we may judge m the authors referred to, notwithftanding vvhat Ray obferves '\’eedle Furze. Petty Whin , deaths, and moift fpongy ground. [Bungay Common, Suff. ‘.Woodward.] <5 ^ * ' * ^he PahUena pifi lives upon both fpecies. ' ^ ’ UnC’ 3 D 2 / 932. U'LEX. 760 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. common > g32.U'LEX. Gorze. Em & l. Cup permanent; leaves 2; oblong-egg-fhaped ; concave ; ftraight ; equal ; a little (horter than the keel; the upper with 2 teeth; the lower with 3. Bloss. butterfly-lhaped ; of 5 petals. Standard inverfely heart-fhaped ; notched at the end; upright; very large. Winn oblong ; blunt ; fhorter than the ftandard. Keel* of 2 petals ; ftraight ; blunt ; approaching at the lower edge. „ Chives. 'Threads 10; united. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud oblong ; cylindrical ; hairy. Shaft thiead- fhaped ; riling upwards. Summit blunt ; fmall. S.Vess. Shell oblong; turgid; nearly inclofed by the cup; ftraight ; with 1 cell and 2 valves. Seed* few ; roundifh ; notched. Ess. Char. Empalement of 2 leaves. Shell hardly longer than the empalement. 4U ' L E X europce'us. Leaves woolly, pointed. Thorns fcattered, Linn. — branched. St. a Thorns longer. C. B. FI. dan. 60S.— Cluf. i. 106. 2, repr. in Dod. 65 9. 1, Ger. cm. 1319. x, and cop. in Park. 1004. 1. — J. B. i. b. 400. 2. Ger. Shrub upright, 3 to 6 feet high', of a pyramidal outline. Branches upright, fcored, woolly, flexible. Leaves awl-lhaped, fpit-point- ed, fmooth above, woolly underneath, folitary, upright, 1 at the bafe of each thorn. Thorns real extenflons of the Item, needle- fhaped, quite ftraight, expanding, woolly, ftiff, fharp-pointed, brown at the points, twice or thrice as long as the leaves; branched; the branches fub-divided. Blojfoms permanent. St.— Stems deeply furrowed, more woolly than the leaves. Thorns awl- fhaped, a little bowed downwards, woolly at the bafe, yellow at the ends. Leaves terminating in (harp, yellow'ifh, thorny points. Empalement double; the outer very fmall, brown, of 2 leaves; the inner woolly. Blofs. not remarkably fo, bright yellow; Jlandard fleftiy at the bafe; wings flefliy at the bafe, fet with hairs along the lower edge, curioufly wrinkled along the upper; keel, the petals united by an intertexture of woolly hairs. With. Blofs. lome- times, though rarely, white. Begins to bloflom early in the fpring, THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. fpring, and continues in flower till autumn. Ray.— Out of flower Auguft 19, when variety /3 was in full bloflom. St. (3. Thorns fhorter, C. B. — flenderer, of a paler green, but not fo thick fet, or fo fharp. Lower and fmaller. Blofs. paler. Ray. Ger. 1140. 6, cop. in Ger. em. 1321. 6, and Park. 1004. 3. Begins to flower when variety a. is going out. Ray. — Shrub 1 to 2 feet high, of a roundifh outline. Branches fpreading, crowded, nearly equal in length, like thofe of variety a, but ftiffer. Leaves fringed. Thoms 3 times as fhort as thofe of variety «, horizontal, 3 and 4 fquare, even, fmooth, except at the bafe, where they are fomewhat downy; branches expanding. Growing with variety a. on Barr Beacon, near Birmingham. In full bloflom Auguft 19. Itfeems to be a truly diftindl variety. St. — Park, at p. I004,feems to diftinguilh two forts of common Gorze, viz. one with “the ■ “ cods fmall and fhort without any freeze;” this is the fmaller fhrub; the other with “ thick'and fhort pods covered with a whit- “ ifh hoary freefe;” this is the taller and larger fort. See alfo the 'difference he points out in the leaves, which, in the fmaller fort, do not fall off fo foon as in the larger. With. Genifta aculeata minor, five J\'epa Theophrafti. Ger. and Ger em. (St.) Gorze (in the midland counties.) Furze (Dorfetfhire and fome •other parts of England.) Whins (Weftmoreland). Heaths and barren paftures. Lowlands of Scotland, but rare in ithe Highlands. Lightf. St. — At Comrie in Strath-Ern, but in mo part of Breadalbane. Mr. Stuart. S. Apr. — Nov. [All the year, but never more beautifully than in September and •O&ober. With.] This is a very hardy plant, and will make fences upon the fbleakeft mountains, and clofe to the fea fide, where the fpray of tthe fea deftroys almoft every other fhrub. It is cut to make faggots tfor heating ovens, which it does very foon, burning rhpidly, and 'with a great degree of heat. The afhes are ufed to make ley. Team Horfes may be fupported by this plant if it is cut young and bruifed iin a mill to break the thorns. Goats, Cows, Sheep, and Horfes feed upon the tender tops. i D 3 935- ONO'NIS-. 762 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 935. ONO'NIS. Reflharrow. Em pal. Cup with 5 divifions ; nearly as long as the blofs. Segments ftrap-draped; taper; a little bowed upwards; the lowed under the keel. » Bloss. butterfly-fhaped. Standard heart-draped; fcored; with the Tides deprelfed more than ufual. Wings egg-fhaped ; half as long as the dandard. Keel tapering; generally longer than the wings. Chives. ‘Threads 10; united and forming a complete undivided cylinder. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud oblong; woolly. Shaft dm pie ; riling upwards. Summit blunt. S.Vess. Shell diamond-draped ; turgid; a little woolly ; with 1 cell and 2 valves. Seeds few; kidney-draped. Ess. Char. Empalement with 5 divi/ions ; fegments flrap- Jhaped. Standard fcored. Shell fvvoln ; fitting. Threads growing together without any fjfure. * Flowers nearly fitting. thorny ONO'NIS fpinofa. Linn. ft. fuec. — Flowers in bunches. Leaves 3-fold and folitary. Branches thorny. Retz. prodr. ft. fcand. — Flowers moftly folitary. Upper- , leaves folitary, bare. Branches fmooth. Huds. — Blofs. twice as long as the empalement. Mr. Woodward. St. — Branches ftightly woolly. St. Sheldr. 79. — Blackw. 301. — Riv. telr. Gq, Anonis. — H. ox. ii. 17. row 1. 1./. 3. — FI. dan. 783.® — J. B. ii.391.2. — Ger. 1141. , 1. — FuchJ. Go, abridged in 'Frag. 869. — Mattk. 674, imitated in Dod. 743. 2, Lob. obf. 492. 2, ic. ii. 28. 1, Gcrl em. 1322. 1, and cop. in Park. 994. 1. — Lcnic. i. 72. 1. Plant with a clammy downinefs, early in the fummer without- thorns, when fuller grown becoming thorny, as Loefel has well obferved. Stem-leaves 3-fold; flower -leaves limple. Flowers aim oil fitting, folitary, from the Tides of the branches, 2 together, on diftindl fruit-ftalks. Linn. — Notwithftanding what Linmeus ob- ferves, from Loefel they feem to be diftindl fpecies. They are feldom found together, and the 0. arvenfls, without thorns, has never * Leaves too pointed and too deeply ferrated. Mr. Woodward, THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. never with us been obferved to become thorny. St. in Bot. Arr. ed.: I. — In the autumn of 1779 I examined many hundreds of 0. arven- fts in the corn fields at Berkhamftead, Hertfordfhire, without finding a fingle one with thorns, while in the neighbourhood of Bungay, Suffolk, I never found one without thorns in any feafon of the year. Mr. Woodward. — Loefel only fays, that “ in the “ fpring and early in the fummer it is fmooth, (laevis) but that afterwards it acquires prickles.” Mr. Dryander in Retz. obf. ii. n. 68. — Stems lying down, woolly, reddifh, thorny, efpecialiy from the bafe to the middle. Thorns awl-fhaped, pungent, with Sometimes 1 or 2 leaves . Flowers moftly folitary, but when 2 they are fixed to a cloven fruit-flalk. Retz. — Miller, Gouan, ,and Retzius have (hewn, that this is fpecifically different from' 0. arvenfts, and not merely a variety the effecft of culture. Murr. — Whole plant more woody and rigid than 0. arvenfts. Stem fiightly hairy. Branches terminating in foftilh thorns. Thorns at the bale of the young branches, ftrong, early in the fummer not pungent. Leaves almoft fmooth. Empalement hairy ; fegments awl-fhaped, unequal. Blofs. twice as long as the empalement. Mr. Woodward. Ononis arvenfts fpinofa. Linn. fp. pi. and Ligiitf. Reftharrow. Cammock. Petty Whin. Ground Furze. » Barren paftures, [fometimes in moift meadows. St.] A decodfion of the roots has been recommended in cafes of hone and jaundice. — Cows and Goats eat it. Sheep are very fond of it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. Linn. — A Horfe refuted the whole branch, but eat of the younger fhoots when picked off. St. ONOfNIS arven'Jis. Flowers in bunches, in pairs, hairy Leaves 3-fold, the upper folitary. Branches without thorns, fomewhat woolly. Linn. — Flowers moftly in ' pairs. Branches woolly. Huns. — Bloffoms but little longer than the empalement. Mr. Woodward. St. — Flowers folitary. St. Mr. Hollefear. Cluj. i. 99. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 1322. 3,’ and cop. in J. B, ii. 393. 2. — Ger. 1142. 3. — A good figure is wanting. Plant clammy, ftrong fcented. Leaf-jcales ferrated, cloven at the end, widening downwards, Mr. Hollefear. — Blofs. fome- times white. Reich. — Stem and branches woolly. , Leaves fome- what woolly, broader, more egg-fhaped, and not fo elliptical as thofe of 0. fpinofa. Flowers more numerous, moftly folitary, on the young fhoots; alternate. Empal. fegments more tapcriiw. Mr. Woo dwar.d. — Stems and branches woody, cylindrical, a little hairy. Leaves fet with glandular hairs; the upper oblong-egg- fhaped, toothed. Leaf-ftalks fhort, fixed to a broad toothed leaf- 3 D 4 feale. t - ' - . 764 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. fcale. Flowers fcattered, intermixed with leaves. Empal. fome of the hairs long and tapering, others Ihort and tipped with glands; fegments, 4 of them prefling on the ftandard, the lowermoft fup- porting the keel. Blojs. ftandard circular, with a fmall point at the end, with fhort hairs on the outfide, of a fine rofe-colour, ftreaked with deeper coloured lines; wings more than half as long as the ftandard, egg-fhaped, white; heel coloured and ftreaked as the ftandard. Tips yellow. Seed-bud with hairs tipped with glands. Seeds about 6. With, Ononis inermis. Huds. It is fometimes pickled as Samphire. j3 Huds. I have cultivated this and « for 4 years, without being able to difeover any fpecific difference. Both are woolly and fome- what clammy, and the flowers folitary, in pairs, and fometimes in threes. Huds. Ononis repens, which fee. creeping ONO'NIS repens. Stems fpreading. Branches up- right. Upper-leaves folitary. Leaf-fcales egg-fhaped. Linn. — Empal. nearly as fhort again as the blols. St.* Dill. elth. 25. 28. Very clofely allied to 0. arvenfis, but differs in its trailing ftems fpreading on every fide, and in being fmaller. flowers folitary, from the bofom of the leaves. Linn. — Inclined to believe it only a variety, having obferved it fometimes to acquire thorns. Lightf. — Whole plant clammy, not fp.downy as 0. arvenfis. flowers larger and fewer. Leafts oblong-wedge-fhaped. Empal. fegments fhorter and blunter. Whether diftindl from 0. arvenfis difficult to fay, but I am inclined to Mr. Hudfon’s opinion, as being removed into a garden it became upright, and more downy. If a variety it is of 0. arvenfis, and not of fpinoja. Mr. Woodward. — Habit that of 0. arvenfis. Branches and empalements as woolly as thofe of 0. ar- venfis, but the obfervation of Mr. Lightfoot, joined to the propor- tionate length of thebloflom and empalement, induce me to be- lieve it, if not a diftin&fpecies, to be a variety of 0. fpinoja. Mr. Woodward informs us that 0. repens is common on the coafts of i Norfolk and Suffolk. The fpinoja is equally common in their fields, while the arvenfis never appears there. Specimens from the fea coaft of Cornwall and gardens equally woolly. S r. — Blojs. red or almoft white. * Calyce cprollis duplo brcviorc. St. Sea 765 THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. Sea fhore in fandy foils, frequent. Lie htf.— Field by Charleton Church, between the gravef pit and Woolwich, towards Gravef- end, and on the fand downs. by Deal, and near Yarmouth. Ray. P. June. July. 936. ANTHYL'LIS. Ladies-finger. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; egg-oblong; bellying; woolly. Rim with 5 unequal teeth; permanent. Bloss. butterfly- fhaped. Standard long ; with reflected fides, and a claw as long as the cup. Wings 2 ; oblong; fhorter than the ftandard. Keel comprefled , as long as the wings, and like them. Chives. Threads 10 ; conne6ted; riling upwards. Tips fimple. 1 Point. Seed-bud oblong. Shaft fimple ; afeendino-. Sum- mit blunt. 0 S. \ ess. Shell roundifh ; inclofed in the cup ; very final! ; with 2 valves. 1 Seeds i or 2. Ess. Char. Empalement bellying. Shell roundifh ; covered. « _ ANTHYL LIS Vulnera'ria. Herbaceous. Leaves common winged, unequal. Flowers in a double head.— Dill. elth. 431. 320. Riv. tetr. 18. 1, Anthyllis. — Ger. 1060. 1, and 1023. 1 —J. B. ii. 362.— £W. 552. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 53°- G ic. ii. 87. 2, Ger. em. 1240. r, and cop. in Park. 1093. 1. Stems cylindrical, downy. Leaves downy, with the hairs lying, clofe, with 5 or 6 pair of leafits. Flowers fitting, in one of the larger heads 20. Empalement membranaceous, hairy, contracted at the mouth, with 2 lips. Blofs. Jlandard, edges rolled back; wings complicated with and longer than the keel, the claws very lo'ng. Blofs. deep yellow, rips fmall, deep yellow. Summit knobbed, yellowifh. tloral-leaves at the bafe of the heads fomewhat hand- Ihaped, thofe at the bafe of the fruit-ftalks briltlc-fhapcd. Relh. Kidney Vetch. Ladies-fmger. Meadows and paftures, in chalk or a calcareous foil; [and alfo on decayed bafaltic rock containing iron, as Arthur’s Seat, Edin- ur 'oST;_ Limeftone pits, Cradley, near Malvern Hill, Worcefterflure. Mr. Ballard. ] P. July. The DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. i The country people get a yellow dye from it. It makes an ex- cellent pafturage for Sheep. Where the foil was a reddilh clay Linnaeus obferved thebloffoms to be red, but in white clay white. Goats and Cows eat it. /3 Bloffoms fcarlet. Linn. Pembrokefhire. Ray. — Ifle of Anglefea. Huds. 944. PI'SUM. Pea. Em pal. Cup i leaf; with 5 clefts ; (harp ; permanent; the 2 upper fegments the broadeft. Bloss. butterfly-fhaped. Standard very broad ; inverfelyheart-fhaped ; re- flected ; notched at the end ; with a point between. Wings 2; circular; approaching; (horter than the flandard. Keel compreffed ; half- moon - (haped ; {horter than the wings. Chives. ‘Threads 10; 1 Ample ; fuperior; awl-fhaped; flat ; 9 awl-fhaped ; united from the middle down- wards into a cylinder, which is cloven towards the top. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud oblong ; compreffed. Shaft afcending ; triangular; membranaceous; keeled; the (ides bent outwards. Summit fixed to the fuperior angle ; ob- long ; woolly. S.Vess. Shell large; long; fomewhat cylindrical, or compreffed below ; the point tapering upwards ; r cell ; 2 valves. Seeds many; globular. Ess. Char. Shaft triangular , keeled and downy above. Empal. the 2 upper fegments Jhorter . PI'SUM marit'imum. Leaf-ftalks flattifh above. Stem angular. Leaf-fcales arrow-fhaped. Fruit-fialks with many flowers. — 11. dan. 338. — Munt.phyt. 825. 230. — Ger. cm. 1220. 5, cop. hi paili. 1060.4. — -Park. 1060. 5. Whole plant, excepting the upper furface of the leaves, flightly downy. Root creeping. Stems angular. Leaf-JIalks with many leafils, flattifh above, with tendrils. Leafts, the outer fmaller. Lcaf-fca’.cs oppofite, angular at the bafe on each fide, fcarcely toothed. Linn. — Roots ftriking extremely deep in the earth. Stems trailing, I 767 THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHI VES. trailing, fhort; the outline of the whole oval. Leave, numerous, alternate; leafits oval, alternate, fitting, fmooth, the outer not always fmaller, on the lower-leaves 5 to 7, on the upper 9 to 11, there being always one more on the outer fide of the lcaf-fta!k. Leaf-Jlalks angular. Tendrils terminating the leaf-ftalk, generally cloven, fometimes fimple. Leaf-fcales in pairs, cval-fpear-fhaped, broad, arrow-fhaped at the bale. Flowers towards the end of the fruit-ftalks, crowded, on Ihort pedicles. Mr. Woodw. — BloJ's. pale red and purple. Sea fliores. On a fiony beach between Aldburgh and Orford, ' [not Oxford, as Linn. In FI. lapp.) Suff. Rav. [Mr. Woodw. J —Near Haftings, Sufiex, and on the weft fide of Dengenefs, near Lyd, in Kent. Ra y.— Rie and Penfie, Sufiex; Guildford, over againft the Comber; and Ingolue Mills, Lincolnfh. P. Aug. In 1 555, during a time of gieat lcarcity, the people about Orlord, in Sufiex, were preferved from perifhing, by eating the feeds of this plant, which grew there in great abundance upon the fea coaft. Cows, Horfes, Sheep, nrid Goats eat it. It affords nourifhment to the Phalama Fiji. 945. OR'OBUS. Peafeling. Emfal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; blunt at the bafe. Rim ob- lique ; very Ihort ; with 5 teeth ; the 3 lower the fharpeft , the 2 upper fnorter; deeper and more bluntly divided ; fhrivelling. Bloss. butterfly-fhaped . Standard inverfely heart-fhaped ; long ; refle£led at the end and at the fides. Wings 2; oblong ; nearly as long as the ftandard; riling upwards ; approaching. Keel evidently cloven in the lower part ; taper; rifing upwards; edges approaching; parallel; com- preffed ; the bottom dill: ended. Chives. Threads 10 ; afeending 9 united. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud cylindrical; comprefted. Shaft thread- fhaped; bent upwards; upright. Summit ftrap- (liaped ; on the inner fide downy from the middle to the end of the (haft. S. Vess. Shell cylindrical ; long; taper- pointed ; afeend- ing at the end ; 1 cell ; 2 valves. Seeds many; roundifh. I * Ess. 768 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Ess. Char. Shaft Jlrapfhaped. Empalement blunt at the bafe ; the upper figments deeper and Jhorter. ; I heath OR'OBUS tubero'fus. Leaves winged, fpear-fhaped. Leaf-fcales half-arrow-fhaped, very entire. Stem fimple. Curt. i. 4. — Riv. tetr. 59, Orob.rad. tub. — [Sibbald 1 .*] — Ger. em. 1237. 2, cop. in H. ox. ii. 21'. row 2. f. 3. — FI. dan. 581. — Thai. 1, cop. in Park., 1062. 5. Stems at firft drooping, but upright when in flower. Linn. — Leqf-Jlalks terminated by a fhort ftraight tendril. Leaf-fcales half- arrow-fhaped, entire, or with 1 or 2 teeth. Curt. St. — Tendril , or what is analogous to a tendril, awl-thread-fhaped, about equal in length to the breadth of the leafits, many times narrower than the leaf-ftalk. Empal. the points of the 2 upper teeth pointing to- wards each other. St. — Leafts, 1 to 3 pair, fitting, elliptical, the upper ones narrower and nearly ftrap-fhaped, withq.ut an odd one, but the leaf-ftalk is extended into a fort of point. Leaf-fcales in pairs at the bafe of the leaf-ftalks. Flowers 4 or 5 in a bunch, on fhort flender pedicles. Mr. Woodw. — Stems with 2 or 3 membra- naceous leafy edges. Leafts with 3 longitudinal veins, and termi- nated by a fharp point. Shaft ftrap-fhaped, not pointed at the end. Shell flat. Seeds comprefted, about 12. With. — Bloffoms purple, 3 or 4 together. Shells black, pendant. The roots, when boiled, are favory and nutritious; ground to powder they may be made into bread. They are held in high efteem by the Highlanders of Scotland, who chew them, as our people do Tobacco, and find that they prevent the uneafy fenfa- tion of hunger. They imagine that they promote expectoration, and are very efficacious in curing diforders of the lungs. They know'how to prepare an intoxicating liquor from them. Penn. tour. 1772. p. 310. Ray's hifl. plant, p. 916. Horfes, Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. wood OR'OBUS fylvat'icus Stems drooping, hairy, branched. — Lightf. 16. at p. 390. — Mem. de I'acad des fciences 1706. t. go. at p. 87, I have not feen. Stems branched, fcored. Leafts, 6 or 7 pair. Blofs. red with- out, within white, with purple lines. Shells comprefted. Seeds 2 or 3. Linn. — Stems numerous, trailing, much branched, but flightly hairy, as are even the younger fhoots. Leaves winged, al- ternate; leafts oval, or elliptical, in none of my fpecimens acutely \ pointed, * Mr. Woodward, THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. pointed, terminatedy by a point which is an extenfion of the mid- rib, on fhort hairy leaf-ftalks, fomewhat alternate, 6 to 12 pair, without an odd one, but with a fort of beard terminating the ge- neral Ieaf-ftalk. Leaf-Jlalk {lightly hairy. Flowers numerous, to 1 2, on fhort pedicles, crowded, moftly pointing one way, on the fummit of along naked fruit-ftalk. Leaf-fcales half-arrow-fhaped, 2 at the bafe of each general leaf-ftalk, fmaller than thofe of the 0. tuberofus, and terminated by a more acute point. Empal. fhort, green, tinged with red, fringed, fomewhat lipped, lips nearly equal, the upper with 2 teeth, the lower with 3, rather longer. Blofs. long and narrow. Pods fhort, fmooth. Mr. Woodward. Bitter Vetch. Woods, hedges, paftures, dry rocky places, and banks of rivers. Ten miles from Penrith; Gamblefby, Cumberland. Ray. Mr. Woodward. — Below Brecknock Hills in the way to Cardiff, and not far from Bala, Merionethfhire. Upper part of Merley Wood, near Oxford. Ray.— Several places in Scotland. See FI. foot. — Near Rofs-Trevor, Ireland. Ray. P. May. July. 946. LATH'YRUS. Vetchling. Empal. Cup i leaf; bell-fhaped ; with 5 fhallow clefts ; fegments fpear-fhaped ; (harp ; the 2 upper fhorteft ; the lower one longeft. Bl oss. butterfly-fhaped. Standard inverfely heart-fhaped ; large; refle&ed at the end and at the fides. Wings oblong; crefcent-fhaped ; fhort; blunt. Keel half a circle; as large as the wings; but broader ; opening inwardly at the middle. Chives. Threads 10; rifmg upwards; 9 united. Tips roundifh. Point. Seed-bud compreffed; oblong; narrow. Shaft upright ; flat and broad towards the top ; fharp at the end. Summit woolly; extending from the mid- dle of the {haft to the end, along the fore part. S. Vess. Shell very long; cylindrical, or compreffed; tapering to a point. Valves 2. Seeds many; either cylindrical, or nearly globular. Ess. Char. Shaft flat ; woolly above ; broader vpxvards. Empal. the 2 upper fegments fhorter. Obs. This genus is very nearly allied to Pifum, but is evidently diftinA in its fhaft. * Fruit-Jlalhs 769 t 77° DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA * Fruit-Jlalks bearing i Jlower. yellow L ATH'YRUS Aph'aca. Fruit-ftalks with i flower. Tendrils without leaves. Leaf-fcales arrow-heart-fhaped. Gief. 41.— Mill, ill . 43. — Lob. obf. 518. 1, repr. in ic. ii. 70. 1, Ger. em. 1250, and cop. in Park. 106 7, and H. ox. ii. 4. 7. Leaf-fcales oppolite, very entire, fmooth, fea green. Tendrils horizontal, timple, alternate. Fruit-Jlalks longer than the leaf- fcales. Relh. — Stems 4-cornered, trailing. Leaf-fcales oval-fpear- fhaped, arrow-lhaped at the bafe, in pairs, fmooth, fomewhat fea-green, marked underneath with numerous parallel ribs, larger towards the top of the ftem. Fruit-Jlalks long, from the bofom of t'he leaf-fcales, alternate. Tendrils fdlitary, Ample, oppolite to the fruit-ftalks. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, minute, x at the bafe of each flower. Empal. divided almoft to the bafe; fegments equal, fmooth, nearly as long as the bloftom, ftrap-fpear-fhaped. Blofs. greenifh yellow at the bafe. Mr. Woodw. — Tendrils with fome- times 2 fpear-fhaped leaves joined together at the bafe, but this is , very rare. Blqffems yellow. Sandy corn fields and meadows. [Hifton, near Cambridge, and between Norwich and Bungay. Mr. Woodw.] A. June — Sept. The feeds, both of this and of all the other fpecies, are nutriti- ous, either eaten in broth or made into bread. crimfon LATH'YRUS NiJfo'Ua. Fruit-ftalks with 1 flower. Leaves fimple. Leaf-fcales awl-fhaped. Linn. — Fruit-Jlalks ferae furies 'with 2 flowers. Huds. Buxb. iii. 45. 1. — Dod. 529. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 518. 2, ic. ii. 71. 1, Ger. em. 124c). 2, and cop. in Park. 1079. 4, and J. B. ii. 309. 1. Stem upright. Tendrils none. Leaf-fcales very fmall. Linn. — Stem upright, fimple, angular, twifted, (lightly hairy. Leaves alternate, fmooth, fword-fhaped, refembling thofe of Grafs. Leaf-fcales in pairs, at the bafe of the leaves. Fruit-flalks from the bolom of the leaves, about J as long, flightly hairy. Flower-fcales awl-fhaped, fmall, 1 at the bafe of each flower. Blofs. beautiful crimfon. Pods ftrap-fhaped, bending downwards, flightly downy, terminated by a ftraight fhaft. Mr. Woodward. — Shells pendant. Crimfon Crafs Vetch. Borders of corn fields and paftures, not uncommon. Huds. Sr.— [Ripton, Huntingdonfhire. Mr. Woodav. — Coton Field, near Stafford. With.] A. May. This is a very beautiful plant, and merits a place in our floiver borders. * * Fruit-Jlalks THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. * * Fruit-ftalks with many flowers. Linn. — L. hirfuta has fometimes fruit-Ralks with only 1 Rower. St. lXtH YRUS hirfu'tus. Fruit-ftalks with moftly 3 rou o-h podded flowers. Tendrils with 2 leaves. Leaves fpear-lhaped. * 1 Shells hairy. Seeds rough. Linn. — Fruit- flalks with fome- times 1 or 2 flowers, Huds. — moflly 2. Mr.' Woodward. Jf. B. ii. 305. — (Biv. tetr. 41, L. flliquis hirfutis is wanting in our our copy.) Bowers purple. Linn. — Stems angular, t wilted, Rightly hairy. Leaflls, a Angle pair, Rightly hairy, with 3 ftrong ribs, terminated by an awn. Leaf-flalks triangular, furrowed above, terminated by a tendril. Tendrils moftly dividing into 3. Leaf-fcales half-ar- row-fliaped, pointed, with long appendages, 2 at the bale of each leaf-ftalk. Fruit-ftalks very long. Flowers at about 1 or if inch frdm each other. Flower-jcales awl-fhaped, fmall, about fth of an inch beneath the terminating flower, and at the bafe of the fhort pedicle of the lower. Empalement i-3rd as long as the bloflom; clefts extending half way down; legments 5, equal. Pods fhort, covered with hair, each hair proceeding from a gland. Mr. Woo ward. — Blofs. with yellow lines within. Corn fields and ditch banks. Fields about Hockley and Rayleigh; : anAelfewhere in Rochford, Eflex. Ray— Near Munden Church , and Laydon Hall in Denyg Hundred, Eflex. Blackst. A July. LATH'YRUS praten'fls. Fruit-ftalks with many meadow flowers. Tendrils with 2 leaves, quite Ample. Leafits fpear-fhaped. Linn. — Tendrils fometimes with 3 clefts, Linn. — and fometimes with 2. Mr. Woodward. Curt. iii. zg.—Riv. tetr. 43, L. pratenfls.—B. dan. 527.— J. B. ii.304. 2. Wale. — PI. ox. ii. 2.2. — Anderfon. — Lob. obf. 517. 3, repr. in ic. ii. 69. 2, Ger. em. 1231. 6, and cop. in Park. 1061. 1. # Leaf^ between coiled and rolled inwards. Leaf-fcales very en- tire, halberd -fhaped. Fruit-ftalks 4-cornered. Linn. — Tendrils Sometimes, tho’ rarely, cloven. Mr. Hollefkar.— Stem much ^branched. Leaves fmooth. Leaf-ftalks furrowed, 3-cornered, ■terminating in tendrils. Leaf-fcales fpear-arrow-fhaped, large, in tPairs at the bafe of each leaf-ftalk. Fruit-ftalks long, with 4, 5, or tmore flowers. Pedicles fhort, hairy. Bower-fcales awl-fhaped, wery minute, 1 at the bafe of each pedicle. Empalement 1.3rd as t dongas the bloflom, fomewhat hairy, cloven half way down; feg- ■ments rather unequal. Shells black, fmooth. Mr. Woodward. Leaflts very entire. Empal. the 2 upper teeth approaching. Blofs. yellow; 77 1 1 77 2 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. yellow; Jlandard with 6 or 7 purple lines juft above the claw. Tips oblong. With. Tare Everlafing. Common Yellow Vetckling. Meadows, paftures, woods, thickets, and hedges. P. July — Aug. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Swine refufe it. narrowleaved LATH'YRUS fylvef'tris. Fruit-ftalks with many flowers. Tendrils with 2 leaves. Leafits fword-fhaped. Stem with membranaceous borders between the knots. — FI. dan. 325. — Riv. tetr. 39. L. fylvaticus. — Cluf. ii. 129. 2, repr. in Lob. obj. 517. 1, ic. ii. 68. 2, Ger. em. 1229. 1, and rudely cop. in Park. 1063. 3. — Fuchf.' 572, cop. in Trag. 613, Dod. 523. 2, and J. B. ii. 302. 2. — H. ox. ii. 2. 4. Stems widely fpreading, climbing, or trailing. Leaf-flalks rough at the edge. Leafts ftrap-fhaped, not broader than the ftem. Leaf- , : /ca/e.sawl-{haped, very narrow. Linn. — Leaves notfo ftiff as thofe of L. latifolius. Leafts fometimes, though rarely, 2 pair. Leaf-falks bordered. Bunches of fewer flowers than thofe of L. latifolius. Flowers not more than 6 in a bunch, as fmall again as thofe of L. lalfolius. Hall. St. — Leaf-fcales half-arrow-fhaped, in pairs. Tendrils cloven into 3. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, 1 at the bafe of each pedicle. Mr. Woodward. — Leafts broader than the ftem, as in the figure of the FI. dan. Flowers 3 to g in a bunch. St. — Blofs. red or white; fometimes by cultivation dark purple. Ervum fativum. Fuchs. 572, (not E. fylvefre.J St. Xarrow-leaved Peafe-everlafling. Woods and hedges. Between Caftle-Campe9 and Bartlow, Cambridgefhire. Ray. Relh. — Between Bath and Briftol, and Conway, Wales. Huds. — Wood Aides between Perfhore and Eckington, Worcefterlhire. Nash. . P, July. Aug. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. broad-leaved LATH'YRUS latifo'lius. Fruit-ftalks with many flowers. Tendrils with 2 leafits. Leafits fpear-lhaped. Stem with membranaceous borders between the knots. — Mill. ill. — FI. dan. 785. — Riv. tetr. 40, L. narbonenfs. — Garid. 108. at p. 300. — Matth. 971. — (Lob. obf. 517. 1, repr. in ic. ii. 68. 2, and Ger. em. i22g. 1, and rudely cop. in Park. 1063. 3, are re-imprejfons of Cluf us ii. i2g. 2, which Linnaus has very juflly referred to L. Jylvefris .) Leafts rolled in, elliptical, feveral times broader than the ftem, fometimes 4. Leaf-fcales broader than the ftem, nearly halberd- fhapcd. Li nn. — Empal. the 3 lower fegments longer, nearly equal. Mr. Ho llefear. — Leaves blunt, with a fhort awn at the end. Tendrils THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. Tendrils with many divifions. Leqf-ficales fpear-half-arrow-fhaped, in pairs. Flowers more numerous, and larger than thofe of L. fylvefiris. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, i at the bafe of each fruit-ftalk! Mr. Woodward. — Blojfoms pale purplilh rofe-colour. Broad-leaved Peafe-everlajling. Woods and hedges. Modingley, Everfden, and Kingfton Woods, near Cambridge. Rocks near Red Neefe by Whitehaven. [Severn Stoke Copfe, Worcefterlh. Mr. Ballard.] P. July. Aug! _ The beauty of its flowers has obtained it a place in our fhrubbe- ries and flower borders. St. LATH'YRUS paluf'tris. Fruit-ftalks with many marfih flowers. Tendrils with many leafits. Leaf-fcales fpear- fhaped. — , FI. dan. 3gg. — Pluk. 71. 2.— Rupp, i.atp. 210.— {Town. 218, is a different fipecies.) Stem with leafy borders. Leafits 6, fpear-lhaped. Leafi-fcales half-arrow-lhaped. Fruit-flalks with generally 3 flowers. Blojfoms blue. Retz. — Whole plant { mooth. Stems with fomewhat mem- branaceous edges. Leafits 2 or 3 pair, fpear-fhaped. Leafi-fcales \ half-arrow-lhaped, pointed, fmall. Tendrils with 3 clefts. Flowers ,3 to 6, or more, pointing one way. Floral-leaves awl-lhaped, 1 at the bafe of each pedicle. Empal. upper fegments broader, the do weft awl-fhaped. Mr. Woodward. Chichling Vetch. Moift meadows and paftures. Peckham Field on the back of iSouthwark. Ray. — Wood near Abington. Blackst. — Charley iForeft, near Bardon Hill, Leiceftcrfh. Dr. Poultne y.— Lancalh. tand Yorkfhire. Hods. — Near Ranaugh, Norf. Mr. Humphry. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. P. July. Aug. Vo!. II. 04 7- VIC'IA. 1 774 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 947- VIC'IA. Vetch. Em pal. Cup i leaf; tubular; upright ;. with 5 (hallow clefts ; (harp ; the upper teeth fhorteft ; approach- ing ; all the teeth equal in breadth. Bloss. butterfly-fhaped. . Standard ova\ ; with a broad oblong claw ; notched at the end, with a (harp point in the middle; refiefted at the fides ; comprefiea and raifed in a line running lengthways. .. Wings 2 ; oblong ; upright ; m the (hape ot halt a heart'; with an oblong claw ; (horter than the ltandard. - Keel with an oblong cloven claw ; the hollow part compreffed ; in the (hape of half a circle ; fhorter than the wings. _ . n _ Chives .'Threads 10; 9 united. Tips upright, roundilh, with 4 furrows. Honey-cup Gland fhort ; tapering ; arifing from the receptacle, and fituated between the united threads and the feed-bud. Point. Seed-bud narrow; compre(fed ; long. Shaft thread- draped ; rather fhort ; bent upwards. Summit blunt ; bearded on the under fide at the end. S.Vess. Shell long ; like leather; with 2 valves, and 1 cell ; terminated by a point. Seeds many; roundilh. Ess. Char. Summit tranfverfely bearded on the lower Jide. * Fruit-Jlalks long. wood VFC’IA fylvat'ica. Fruit-ftalks with many flowers. Leafits oval. "Leaf-fcales finely toothed. — FI dan. 277. — Pink. 71. 1. — Hall. 12. 2. at i. p. 172. * Stems numerous, and fo much branched that they choak what- ever plants they come near. Leaves with 8 or 9 pair of leafits, and terminated by a long and very much branched tendril; leajits egg- fhaped, oftener alternate than oppofite; fmooth, with a net-work of veins, and tenninated by a fhort point. Leaf-fcales in pairs, fmall, deeply divided into feveral awl-lhaped legments. Fruit-Jlalks lone, thick, 4-cornered, and fcored; upright. Flowers numerous, on the upper part of the fruit-ftalk pendant, growing irregularly, moftly in two’s and three’s, with interruptions. Empal. teeth awl- 1 lliaped. THREADS in 2 SETS, X, CHIVES. fhaped. Blofs. rather large; ftandard and wings whitilh, beautifully veined and ftreaked with blue; keel pale blue. Mr. Woodward. —Btofs. fandard without a fiarp point in a notch at the end; keel not fhorter than the wings. Shaft and fummit fo fiender that one can- not certainly difcern the beard on the under fide at the end. With. Woods and hedges. Woods near Caerwent, Monmouthlhire; Greta Bridge, Yorklhire; Sm6khall Wood Bath; Devizes, Wilt- shire; Kirby Lonfdale, Weftmoreland. Ray.— Skirrith Wood, near Ingleton, Yorkfh. Curt— [Malham, near Settle, Yorkfh! and elfe where in the North. Mr. Woodward.— Thicket on the north fide of Bredon Hill, Worcefterlh. Nash.— Orton, Cum- berland; Barrowfield Wood, near Kendal, Mr. Woodward.— Woods about Clifton upon Teme, Worcefterlh. in moift places. ^T‘i P. July. Aug. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goafs eat it. Linn. The roots fomewhat refemble in tafte thofe of liquorice. St. y ^ ^ I Ciacca. Fruit-flalks with many flowers, tufted Flowers tiled. Leafits fpear-flraped, downy. Leaf-fcales entire. — FI. dan. 804. Riv. tetr. 49 > Cracca. — H. ox. ii. 4. 1. Leafits rolled in. In corn fields large and luxuriant, in meadows fmall and hoary. Blofs. fometimes white. Linn. — Flowers fmall purplilh blue, pointing one way, pendant, in bunches, tiled! Relhan.— Empal. 2 upper teeth exceedingly fhort. Mr.PIoLLEF. —Stem when climbing on bullies 3 or 4 feet high, 4-cornered,' fcored, fhghtly hairy. Branches numerous, fhort, alternate, from the bofom of the upper-leaves. Leaves alternate, very long; leafts ftrap-fpear-fhaped, oftener alternate than oppofite, hairy, termi- nated by a fhort point, from 10 to 12 pair. Tendril terminating the leaf-ftalk, branched. Leaf-fcales half-arrow-lhaped, pointed. . Empalement bluilh, the 2 upper teeth extremely Ihort, the lowermolt Iongeft. Flowers fmall, very numerous, pendant, clofely tiled. Mr. Woodward. — Leafts fometimes fpear-lhaped, as in the fig. St.— Stem angular, fcored, very long, climbing. Leafts rounded .at the end, and terminated by a fharp point. Tendrils terminating ’the leaf-ftalks. Fruil-Jlalks from the bofom of the leaves, longer Ithan the leaves. Blofs. bluilh purple, with 2 deeper purple fpots sat the extremity of the keel; ftandard heart-lhaped, without a fharp ipoint in the notch. Shell with 5 feeds. With. Hedges, lhady places, meadows, fields, [and willow beds. St.] r» F* July. Aug. Dr. Plot, in his nat. hijl. of Stajfordjh. p. 204, fays, that this and *he preceding fpecies advance ftarven or weak cattle above any ;thing yet known. 3 E 2 Horfes, 776 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Swine are not fond of it.— The Aphis Craccee lives upon it. ** Flowers from the hofom of the leaves, almojl fitting. common V I C' I A fati'va. Shells fitting, generally 2 together, upright. Leaves dented at the end. Props marked with a fpot on the under fide. — Wale. — Riv. tetr. 55, Vicia.—Fl. dan. 522.*— Cluj. ii. 235. 1, repr. in Dod. 531* 1 > Lob. obf. 522. 3, ic. ii. 75. 1, Ger. em. 1227. 1, cop.in Park. 1072. 1, and imitated in H. ox. ii. 4. 12. — J. B. ii. 3x0. 2. Leaf-fcales marked underneath with a fpot as if it had been burnt. Linn. — Spot of a blackifh red. Huds. — Leafts all broad, nearly inverfelyheart-fhaped. Hall. St. Stem upright, fcored. Leaves winged; leafts about 6 pair, oppofite, elliptical, blunt, the mid- rib lengthened into a projecting point. Tendril terminating the leaf-ftalk, branched. Leaf-fcales in pairs, fpear-fhaped, toothed, marked with a black fhining fpot. Flowers moftly 2 together. Blofs. reddifh purple. Mr. Woodward.— Empal. teeth nearly equal. Seeds black. Vetch. Fetch. Tare. Dry meadows, paftures, and corn fields. A. Apr. June. In Gloucefterfhire and Worcefterfhire they fow it as pafturage for Horfes, and eat it off early enough to allow of Turneps being fown the fame year. The feeds are excellent food for Pigeons. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. (3 Huds. Seeds white. y Leaves narrower, fomewhat flrap-fhaped. Linn. Leers. Mr. Woodward. St. Riv. tetr. 54, V. angufif.—Dod. 542. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 522. 3, 3. ic. ii. 75. 2, Ger. em. 1227. 4, and cop. in Park. 1071. 1. — H. ox. ii. 4. ii.— J. B. ii. 312 .—Matth. 548, Jhells on the leaf-falks ! More common than a. So nearly allied to it that there fcarcely feems to be any fixed limits between them. Linn. Hall. St. — Leafts 5 and 6 pairs, thofeofthe lower leaves egg-fhaped, but Hill fomewhat dented at the end, the mid-rib terminating in a fhort awn; thofe of the upper-leaves ftrap-fhaped. Tendrils branched. Flowers moftly in pairs. Shells hairy. Hall. St. Leafts of the lower-leaves, fome always dented at the end, and when cultivated all the leafits were dented and fhorter. Willich. — Stem trailing. Leafts more pointed. Leaf-fcales marked, but ? n fr* * A (mail Specimen. Leaf rs few. Flowers folitarv. Mr. Woodward. THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHI VES. lefs diftintftly, with the burnt dots. Flowers moftly folitary, but of the fame colours with thofe of a. It is clearly a variety of V. fativa, as it may be traced through all its ftages from its fmalleft fize up to the la rgcft plants of V. fativa. Mr. Woodw.— Stems fcored, undivided. Tendrils with 3 clefts. Leafits of the lower-leaves heart- fhaped, 2 or 3 pair; thofe of the upper 4 or 5 pair, ftrap-fhaped, blunt at the end, the mid- rib lengthened out into a thorn-like point. Empal. the upper teeth longeft, the lowermoft the fhorteft. Blofs. purple. Seeds 10 or 12. With. / V. lathyroides 1 6, and poffibly a. Huds. (Mr. Woodward.) Shotover, and divers other places. Ray. V I C ' I A lathyroi'des. Shells fitting, folitary, upright, (lran Ger. cm. 1241.4,(772^ cop. in Park. 1092. 1, of chap. 23. — (FI. dan. 730, Jhould feem to be variety y with the fibres of the root befct with tubercles. The branch appears to be magnified, and the entire plant of the natural fize.J Plant fmooth, trailing. Leaves on leaf-ftalks. Fruit-ftalks as long as the leaves. Flowers 3 or 4, yellow; ftandard with a net-work of veins. Linn. — The whole plant ’hairy. Reich. — P/a7i< downy. Flowers very fmall. Relhan. St. — Root fpindle-fhaped. Mr. Hollefear. St.— Lateral fibres knotty. Shells compreffed, fcored, hairy. Mr. Hollefear. — Root {lender, nearly as long as the Items; lateral fibres few. Stems trailing, from 1 to Cinches high. Root-leaves numerous, proftrate, the lowermoft fometimes on leaf-ftalks, the felt fitting; leafits egg-fhaped, or elliptical, oppofite, or alternate, from 3 to 14 pairs, with an odd ope fmaller. Flowers 1 to 5,- terminating, oppofite a leaf. Blofs. ftandard reddifh white, with red lines. Shell (lightly compreffed, {lightly bowed inwards. Seeds oval, yellowifh. St. — Leafits let with very fine filvery hairs. Flowers 2 and 3 together, generally terminating. Blofs,. ftmidord very (lightly notched at the end, marked THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. 783 imarked with crimfon lines, the claw yellowilh brown; wings white, with a reddifh tinge; keel pale ftraw-colour. Threads and Vhajl green. Summit a very lmall knob. Shells with very fine lilvery lhairs. With. — Blofs. yellow, purple, and white. Birds-foot. — Sandy banks, road lides, heaths, and paftures. [Near Lichfield. Mr. What ely.— Winfon Green near Birming- ham. St. — Walhwood Heath, near Birmingham. With.] A. May — Aug. [to 0 961. HEDY S'ARUM. Saintfoin. 1 Em pal. Cup 1 leaf; with 5 (hallow clefts ; fegments awl- fhaped ; upright ; permanent, i Bloss. butterfly-fhaped ; fcored. Standard refle&ed; compreffed; egg-oblong; notched at the end ; long. Wings oblong ; narrower than the other petals ; ftraight. Keel ftraight ; compreffed ; broadeft at the outer part, and almoft fquare ; cloven from the bafe to the broader part. 'Chives. Threads 10; with an angular bend. Tips round- ifh ; compreffed. Point. Seed-bud flender ; compreffed; flrap-fhaped. Shaft awl-fhaped ; bent like the chives. Summit undivided. S. Vess. Shell with roundifh joints; compreffed; with 2 valves and 1 feed. ' Seeds kidney-fhaped ; folitary. Ess. Char. Blofs. keel tranfverfely blunt. Shell with 1 feed in each joint. Obs. In H. Onobrychis the (hell confifts of only 1 joint. HEDYS'ARUM Onob'rychis. Leaves winged. Shells common ’with 1 feed, prickly. Wings of the bloifom as long as ithe empalement. Stem long. — Jacq. f. 352. — Riv. tetr. 2, Onobrychis.— J. B. ii. 335. 2. — Ger. 1062.1. — Cluj. ii. 232. 2, repr. in Dod. 548. 2, Lob. obf. 527. 1, ic. ii. 81. 1, Ger. em. 1243. 1, and cop. in Park.. 1082. 1. — (Jacq. ft. i. 38, is Ajlragalus Onobrychis.) Pod nearly hemifpherical, comprefled, with wrinkled promi- nencies. Scop. Mr. Woodward. — Stems cylindrical, fcored; at firft trailing, but when in flower afcending. Leaf-fcales in pairs, nval-fpear-(haped, terminated by a long point, membranaceous «t the edges, fometimes fringed with a few hairs. Leaf-Jtalks fur- rowed above, (lightly hairy. L-eafits 8 to 10 pair, with an odd one, thofe of the lower-leaves elliptical, of the upper fpear-flaaped, nr ftrap-fpear-fhaped, all with projc&ing points at the end, the uppermost with the mid-rib beneath and edges fringed. Fruit- Walks long, (lightly hairy. Bunches long, clofely tiled upwards. ^lowers numerous. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, longer than the pe- llicles. Empalement $th the length of the bloflbm, hairy; teeth nearly I 785 786 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. nearly equal. Blofs. Jiandard oval, partly bent back, fhorter than the keel, flefh-coloured, with red veins; wings not longer than- the empalement, hooked near the bafe, pale fiefh-coloured; keel ! broad, bent with an obtufe angle at the top, flelh-coloured, with ' a deeper red beneath. Mr. Woodw. — Stems cylindrical, fcored. I Leajits ftrap-fhaped, rounded at the ends, and terminating in a lharp point. Empal. fegments fpear-fhaped, hairy, the 2 upper diftant, the lowermoft the fhorteft. Blofs. Jiandard egg-fhaped, with a little tooth in the notch at the end, red in the middle, with 8 or 10 deeper coloured lines, white at the edges, and mottled with red, the lines on the outfide fainter, but more numerous; ; wings very fmall, not half the length of the empalement, fpear- I fhaped, red and white; keel reddifh, with deeper coloured lines, i Threads white. Dnjl yellow. Seed-bud woolly at the top. Shaft i tinged with red. Shell oblong, hairy. With. Sainfoin. Cock's-head. Meadows and paftures, particularly in chalkyfoils. [Burnham, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe. — Gogmagog Hills, near Cambridge. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. This is cultivated like Clover for feeding cattle, and is particu- larly advantageous in dry hilly fituations, and chalky foils. 965. AST RAG' ALUS. Cocks-head."!* Empal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; with 5 (harp teeth; the lower gradually fmaller. Bloss. butterfly-fhaped. Standard longer than the other petals ; refle£ied at the Tides ; notched at the end ; blunt ; ftraight. Wings oblong; fhorter than the ftandard. Keel as long as the wings; notched at the end. Chives. ’Threads 10; almoft ftraight; 9 united. Tipi' roundifh. Point. Seed-bud fomewhat cylindrical. Shaft awl-fliaped; afeending. Summit blunt. S. Vess. Shell with 2 cells; the cells bending to one fide. Seeds kidney-fhaped. Ess. Char. Shell with 2 cells; hunched. t Mr. Ballard. / * Stems THREADS in 2 SETS, X, CHIVES. 7 * Stems leafy ; fpreading. ASTRAG'ALU S glyeyphyl'los. Stems proftrate. Liquorice Shells nearly 3-cornered, bent like a bow. Leafits oval, longer than the fruit-ftalks. Linn. — Rather, leaves longer than the fruit-Jlalks. St. , Riv. tetr. 103, AJlragalus. — Trag. 599, in fruit. — J. B. ii. 330, leafts too fmall. — Cluj. ii. 233. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 526. 1, ic. ii. 80. 1, Ger. em. 1233. 2, and abridged in H. ox. ii. 9. 8. Stems much branched, fmooth. Leaves alternate; leafts ufually 5 pair, with an odd one, moftly oppofite, fitting, or on very fhort fruit-ftalks, fmooth, very entire. Leaf-falks furrowed above. Fruit-ftalks from the bofom of the leaves. Flowers greenifh yellow* numerous, in a clofe bunch, on Ihort pedicles. Leaf - fcale s awl- fhaped, 1 at the bafe of each pedicle. Empalement with 5 divifions; fegments awl-fhaped, the 2 upper (horteft, the lower longeft. Mr. Woodw. — Shell, partition approaching near to the lower future, but not joining to it. St. — Leaves longer than the fruit-ftalks; leafts rather pointed, (lightly hairy underneath. Floral-leaves very (lender, as long as the empalement. Duft orange-coloured. With. Wild Liquorice. Liquorice Vetch. Meadows, paftures, and ditch banks, efpecially in a calcareous foil. About Charleton, Kent. [In the ditch of Northampton Caftle. Mr. Wood. — Near Difsy Norf. and Huntingdon. Mr. Woodward.] P. June. July. Horfes, Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Swine refufe it. ASTRAG'ALUS da'nicus. Hairy. Stem drooping, purple Heads on long fruit-ftalks. Shells fhort, inflated, hairy. Retz.? St.* — Heads tiled. St.J — Leaves fometimes with- out hairs. Huds. Ray 12. 3. at p. 326, in fruit.— FI. dan. 614. Flowers fometimes white. Shells oval, upright, woolly. Huds. — Leafts fmall. Shells fhort, hairy. Ray. — Whole plant hairy and green, not cottony and white as A. arenarius. Root with fmall branches. * From a fpecimen of the A. arenarius of the Englifh botanifts, fent me by Mr. Dryander, I find it to be very different from the A. arenarius of Linnaeus. It is very like my A. danicus, but yet it feems different. I fufpeft it to be pe- rennial, and that the fhslls are longer. Retz. obf. iii. n. 85. — But unable to difcover any effential marks of diflimftion between our fpecimens and his defer, it has been thought more advifeable to infert it under the title of A. danicus, with a mark of doubt, than to incur the danger o( giving a new name and charaiter to a plant already diflinguifhed by an experienced botanift. St. f Capitulis imbricatis. St. 783 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. branches. Stem angular. Leaf-fcales folitary, oppofite the leaves, embracing the Hem, cloyen, whitifh and membranaceous at the bafe, with green points. Leaves alternate; leaps moftly 2 1 , egg- fhnped or fpear-fhaped, flat. Fruit-Jlalk generally 1 on a plant. Flowers upright, on very fhort pedicles, from 7 to 12. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, with black hairs, 1 at the bafe of each flower. Empal. greenifh, with black hairs; teeth much longer than thofe of A. arenarius. Retz. St. — The whole plant hairy. Stems droop- ing. Leaves winged, with an odd one, pairs 7 to 12. Fruit-Jlalks long, with 5 to 7 flowers. Flowers in proportion to the fize of the plant ratherlarge, beautiful. Floral-leaves egg-fhaped. Empal. cylindri- cal, with 5 clefts. Blofs. of a pleafant purple; wings of a moderate length; tel rather fhort, undivided. Relh. St. — Root perennial. Stems weak, as many as 6 or upwards, towards the bafe lying clofe to the ground, the heads of flowers rife up at fome diftance from the root, as if without any leaves or Hems belonging to them. Leaps 6 to 12 pair, with an odd one, elliptical, or fpear- fhaped, hairy, efpecially on the upper fide, oppofite. Leaf-Jlalks hairy, furrowed. Leaf-fcales egg-fpear-fhaped, fitting, in pairs, fringed. Fruit-Jlalks moftly from near the ends of the branches, afcending, larger than the leaf-ftalks, about as long as the leaves, hairy, hairs white towards the bafe, black above. Flowers 5 or 6, rarely more, in a clofe head, on fhort pedicles. Floral-leaves oval- fpear-fhaped, 1 to each pedicle. Empalement befet with black hairs; teeth fhort, nearly equal. Blofs. bluifh purple, fometimes ■white. Shells fhort, covered with white hairs. Mr. Woodward. — Stems 2 to 5 inches long, thickening upwards; hairs laid to, white, with a few black ones interfperfed. Fruit-Jlalks thicker and often longer than the ftem, furrowed, in the more luxuriant fpe- cimens from the bofom of the middle leaves, fometimes 2 on a ftem; hairs laid to. Leaps flightly rolled inwards at the edge. Seed- bud woolly, with white, clofe, ftraight hairs. Empal. teeth r*3t'd of the length of the tube. St. Ajlragalus arenarius. Huds. Bot. Arrang. ed. i. Lightf. Relh. — (A. arenarius of Linnaeus is a quite different plant. Retz.*) Sandy and chalky meadows and paftures. Gogmagog Hills, Newmarket arid Royfton Heaths. About Haflewood, Yorkfhire: Pigburn Fields, near Doncafter. Hills in the King’s Park, Edinburgh ; fands of Muflelburgh ; Hill of Moncrief near Perth ; and York Cafcade, at the Duke of Athol’s feat at Blair. [Side of Bredon * I iiave a fpecimen in my pofTeflion cf Englitli growth which I am inclined to believe to be the true A. arer.anus . If it prove to be fo it will be noticed in an appendix. THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. Bredon Hill, Worcefterlhire, near the camp. Nash. [About Thorp-Arch, Yorklh. Mr. Wood.— Swaffham Heath, Norfolk. — Hills near Dunftable. Mr. Woodward.] P. May— July. * * Stalk bare, xvithout a leafy ft cm. ASTR AG'AfcUS uralenfis. Stemlefs. Stalk upright, hairy longer than the leaves. Shells awl-fhaped, inflated, woolly, upright. — Lightf. 17. at p. 401. Hall. it. helv. 2. i, in opufc. at p. 308, cop. in ftirp. 5. 3, at p. 155, and hift. 14. 3. at i. p. 195. Leaves winged; leafts 23 to 33, egg-lhaped, pointed, fitting, fprinkled with fmall whitifh hairs. Leaf-ftalks with 3 imperfedl angles. Stalks twice as long as the leaves, cylindrical, hollow, fome- what fcored, roughifh. Spike Ihort, rather oblong. Flowers fit- ting. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, Ihorter than the empalement. Empalement egg-lhaped, inflated; teeth Ihort. Blofs. purple, or violet blue. Shell longer than the empalement, fomewhat hairy. Linn.— Whole plant, the blolfoms excepted, covered with white foft hairs. Leaf-Jlalk furrounded at the bafe with fpear-fhaped wi- thered fcales. Leajits oval, oval-fpear-fhaped, and fpear-fhaped, with an odd one. Fruit-ftalks much thicker than the leaf-ftalks, but little longer than the leaves. Flowers 8 or 10, crowded. Floral- leaves, the loweft longer, the reft Ihorter than the empalement. Empal. teeth nearly equal. Mr. Woodward. Mountainous and alpine paftures in Scotland. Cromarty, and at the bay of Farr. Mr. Robertson.— On Carn-dearg, one of the lower heads of Ben Sqivlert id Glen-cream in upper Lorn, in a light fandy'foil. Mr. Stuart. P. July * ... 1 , . . r’ • • * ' * •' • . . 3F 789 Vol. II, 968. TRI- DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 968. TRIFO'LIUM. Trefoil. > N » Flowers in a little Rundle or Head, upon a common * receptacle. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; tubular; with 5 teeth; permanent. Bloss. butterfly -fhaped ; generally permanent; Shri- velling. Standard refle&ed. Wings fhorter than the ftandard. Keel fhorter than the wings. Chives. 'Threads 10; 9 united. Tips fimple. Point. Seed-bud fomewhat egg-fhaped. Shaft awl-fhaped ; afcending. Summit fimple. S. Vess. Shell fhort ; with 1 valve; not opening ; deci- duous. Seeds very few ; roundifh. Ess. Char. Flowers mojlly in heads. Shell fcarcely longer than the empalement. ; not opening, but falling off. Obs. It is, gerhaps, more difficult to give a true and effential chara<5ler to this genus, than to any other that I know, notwith- ftanding the general habit, which is at once perceived, andthepro- perties of the plants which compofe it {hew that it is a natural one; andthofewho have attempted to divide it, have not been able to fix any certain limits to their fub-divifions. * Melilots. Shells naked, containing fever al feeds. Melilot TRIFO'LIUM Melilo'tus officina'Us. Shells in bunches, naked, with 2 feeds ; wrinkled, pointed. Stem upright. Gmel. iv.7 — Sheldr. 72, Common Melilot — Ludw. 1 13 — Dod. 567. 2, rep. in Lob. obf. 501. 2, ic. ii. 43. 2, Ger.em. 1205. 4, and cop. in Park. 719. 1. 2 .‘~-Ger. 1034. 3. — Riv. telr. 6, Melilotus. — Blackw. 80. — Matth. 1162. — Frag. 591. — H. ox', ii. i6.~rori' 2. 2. — Fuchf. 749, cop. in J. B. ii. 370. — Ger. 1034. 4. — Lonic. i. 106. 1. Leafts of the lower-leaves oblong-wedge-fhaped, thofe of the upper, elliptical, (harply ferrated-toothed. Leaf-fcales, the lower with 3 or 4 awl-lhaped teeth; the upper fpear-ffiaped, entire. Bunches long. Flowers bent hack, fcattered. Pedicles ffiort, hairy. floral-leaves awl-fhaped, fmall , x at the bafe of each pedicle. Em- palement i-3rd the length of the bloffom, clefts extending half way down, fegments nearly equal. Mr. Woodw. — Blofs. yellow. Common Melilot. King's-Claver. Hart's Claver, in Yorklhire. Corn 79' THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. Cornfields, meadows, and ditch banks, in ftifffoil. A. Linn.Relh. — B. Huds. June, July. This is more fragrant when dry than when green. A water diftilledfrom the flowers poflefles but little odour in itfelf, but improves the flavour of other fubftances. — Horfes are extremely fond of it. Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. TRIFO'LI-UM Melilo'tus ornithopodioi'des. Shells naked, Birds-foot moftly in threes, with 8 feeds, twice as long as the em- palement.* Stems declining. — Curt. ii. 2 1 . — FI. dan. 368, a luxuriant plant, fuch as it is in gardens. — Ray 14. 1. at p. 332, leafits rounded injlead of dented at the end, zvkich Dill, qfuresus is fometimes the cafe. — Pluk. 68. i.f* Bunches egg-fhaped. An intermediate plant between Trifolium and Trigonella. Linn. — Stems proftrate, 2 tp 5’ inches -long, dif- pofed in a circular manner round the root. Leafts 3, fitting, moftly inversely heart-fbaped, fharply and diftantly ferrated. Leaf-ftalks long, fltnder. Leaf-fcales fpear-fhaped, fharply pointed, large, in purs at the bafe of the leaf-ftalks. Fruit-Jlalks from the bofom of the leaves, much fhorter than the leaf-ftalks. Flowers from 1 to 4, but ufually 2 on a fruit-ftalk, parallel to each other. Empalement more than half the length of the bloflom, pale green, with deeper lines; cloven half way down; fegments nearly equal, awl-fhaped. Btofs. pale red. Shells fhort, thick, terminated by a fhort point turned downwards, which gives them fomething of the appearance of a bird’s claw. Mr. Woodward. Fine fhort dry Tandy paftures and meadows, and amongft corn. Half a mile from Tadcafter towards Sherborn. Near Oxford. Tottlefbury, EfTex, on fandy banks by the fea fide. Tothil Fields, Weftminfter. Black-heath, near London. About Marazion and Penzance, Cornwall.* Maitland Bridge, between MufTelburgh and Edinburgh. [Moufhold Heath, near Norwich. Mr.PiTCHF.] A. June. July. * V * * Shells covered, containing fevcral feeds. . TRIFO'LIUM hyhridum. Heads like rundles. baflard Shells with 4 feeds. Stem afcending. — * In the laft edition of the JyJ}. nal. and the 2 laft of the fyjl. veg. it is erroneoufly printed fubternii, calyc. duplo longioribus, an error which is alfo copied at full length in the FI. lond. St. f Leaves well reprefented. Mr. Woodward, 3 F 2 Michel. DIADELPHIA DECAN DRIA. Michel. 25. 6 and 2.* — Vaill. 22. g.—Riv. 17. 2, Trifolum f. albo. Stem afcending, branched, furrowed; about a foot high. Props fpear-fhaped, (harp, terminating in a hair. Little-leaves egg-fhaped, (harp, between ferrated and toothed. Fruil-Jlalhs not very long, but jointed. Receptacle egg-fhaped, concave. Chaff fpear-fhaped, narrow, very fharp. Blofs. gaping. It is very probable that this plant was at firft produced by the dull, of T. pratenje, fertilifing the feed-bud of T. repens. Linn. Trifolium repens hybridum. Huds. Moift paftures near Peckham and Bdtterfea. Huds. P. May — Sept. white T R I F O ' L I U M re'pens. Heads like rundles. Shells with 4 feeds. Stem creeping. — Curt. iii. S3-— Michel. 25. 3 and 4 .—Riv. telr. 17. 2, Trifolium repens. — Vaill. 22. 1, to be viewed fideways. Leaf Is too pointed. — Dod. 565, repr. in Lob. obf. 493. 2, ic. ii. 29. x, Ger. em., 1185. r, and cop. in Park. 1110. 1, and not T. pratenje, as is evident from, the naked fpikes on fruit-falks as long as the leqf- Jlalks, £fc. — jf. B. ii. 380. 3. — H. ox. ii. 12. row 1. 2. Jib, 14. row 1. 4, and Michel. 25. 5, Jeem dubious. ) Stem undivided, cylindrical, a fpan long. Leaf-fcales circular, blunt, inoftly fharp-pointed. Leafts circular, very blunt. Fruit- Jlalks very long. Receptacle ftrap-fhaped, folid. Chaff egg-fhaped, oblong, blunt. Blofs. parallel. In the above l'efpedts it differs from the T. hybridum. Linn. — Leaf-fcales in pairs, oval-fpear- fhaped, lengthened out into an awn. Leafts varying in fhape, but generally oval and blunt, fharply ferrated, with a ftiong mid- rib, and numerous branching ribs terminating in the ferratures. Leaf -folks and fruit-falks long, upright, rifing nearly at right an- gles from the ftem. Floivers in a clofe head, upright, when fhri- velling bent downwards. Pedicles fhort. Flower-fcales fmall, awl- fhaped, 1 to each pedicle. Empal. teeth nearly equal, the 2 upper rather longeff, reddifh. Blofs. white; fiafidard oval. Mr. Woodw. — Flcvjers in a globular bunch. Spike-falk lhorter than the flowers. E/mpalemenl keeled above, white, teeth and keel green. St. — Leafts inverfely feart-fhaped, and egg-fhaped. £mpa/cmenf greenifh white, with purple Breaks. With. / Trifolium pratenje fore albo minus, ct feemina glabrum. J. B. hi ft. 380. — ( Trifolium pratenje album . C. B. pin. 327, referred to both by Linnaeus and Ray, appears from the figures of Fuchf. Cluf. and Matth. there cited, and from the deferiptious of Cluf. an4 Thai. * v» * It is deferibed, however, as having only 3 feeds in a {hell. St. THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. 79 Thai, to be T.montanum . The figures of the T. repens are found in C. B. pin. intermixed with thofe of T. pwrpmreum.) St. Dutch Clover. — Meadows and paftures. P. May — Sept. Horfes, Cows, and Goats eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Swine refufe it. The leaves ftand upright againft rain. Linn. — Wherever this plant abounds fpontaueoufly, it is always confidered as an indica- tion of the goodnefs of the foil; and this is a thing well known to farmers. The richnefs of meadows and paftures is naturally ow- ing to their abounding principally with the Trefoils, and others of the fame clafs, with a due mixture of the more acceptable grades. Pultene y’s view. 2. Leaves of a deep purple. Curt. St. Bloodwort 3. Small heads of leaves growing out of the flowers. Curt. St. proliferous Canal between Limehoufe and Bromley. Curt. — [Worcefter- fhire. St.] * * * Cups woolly. TRIFO'LIUM fubterra'neum. Heads woolly, with 5 fubterraneous flowers, with a tuft proceeding from the extremity of the fruit-ftalk, which is ftiff, and being bent back inclofes the fruit. — * Curt.ii. 22, ripe fruit not figured. — Riv. tetr. 1 7. 2, Trifolium fubterraneum, fruit well figured. — Ray 13. 2 , fruit ill reprefented. — Barr. 881. — H. ox. ii. 14. row 1. 5, ill done. Fruit a globular head, which when the flowering is over makes its way into the ground. The fruit-ftalk fupports an upright head confifting of 5 flowers, difpofed in manner of a rundle. Thefe, as foon as they have loft their blofToms, are bent back upon the fruit-ftalk, the point of which bores into the ground. Near the point of the fruit-ftalk rife 5 fcales which grow up, are bent back, become elongated, and inclofe the empalements in a lattice-work globe. Linn. — The white filaments, which are put forth from the extremities of the fruit-ftalks, refemble roots, but they do not penetrate the earth, as fuppofed by Dillenius, but rife upwards, their ends expanding into little ftar-like points, and finally in- clofe the feed-veffels in a kind of prickly head. Curt. — Stems nu- merous, proftrate, difpofed in a circle round the root. Leaf- fcales in pairs, oval-fpear-fhaped. Leaf-ftalks long, downy. Leafits fitting, inverfely heart-fhaped, blunt, obfeurely ferrated, downy, efpccially underneath. Fruit-ftalks from the boiom of the leaves, the lower fhorter, the upper as long as the leaves, with 3 or 4 flowers. Floral-leaves none. Empalements cylindrical, cloven half rvay down; fegments nearly equal, briftle-fhaped, fringed with 3.F.8 loft jg4 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. foft hairs. Blofs. white; ftandard oval, claw long and narrow. Mr. Woodward. — From the abfence of floral-leaves, the tuft proceeding from the point of the Iruit-ftalk fhould feem to be in- „ tended as a fubftitute for them. St. Barren heaths and paftures in fandy or gravelly foil. About London, frequent. Gamlingay by the wind mills, and near Whitevvood, Cambridgefhire. Between Eltham and Deptford, Kent. [Bath Hills, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] A. May — Aug. Honey-Juckle TRIFO'LIUM pratcn'Je. Spikes nearly globular, fomewhat woolly, inclofed by oppofite membranaceous leaf-fcales. Bloffoms of i petal. Linn. — Empalements woolly. Wings of the bloffom fhorter than the ftandard. Leaf-fcales awned. St.* Fuchf.Si’j, cop. in Trag. 58 6, and J. B. ii. 374. — Cer. 1017. r. — Malth. 835. — Riv. tetr. 11. 1, Trifolium. — Blackw. 20. a.b. — Lonic. i. 104. 4. — (Dod. 565, repr. in Lob.obj. 493. 2, ic. ii. 29. 1, Ger.em. 1185. 1, and cop, in Bark. mo. 1, is T. repens ; f and in H. ox. ii. 12. 6, the fpikes are naked on long fruil-fialks.) Spike tingle, fitting between 2 oppofite fitting leaves, the leaf- fcales of which are fomewhat egg-fhaped, dilated, membranace- , ous, fkinny, with red veins, and form a kind of common em- palement. Empalement of the fruit with 5 awns or briftles, the 4 uppermoft very much expanding, but the 5th and lowermoft up- N right. Linn. — Leafils hairy on both tides, thofe of the lower- leaves roundiih-egg-thaped, thofe of the upper more pointed. Leaf-fcales terminated by hair-like awns. Hall. Light. St. — Leafts fomewhat dowpy on both tides. Pollich. St. — When in a wild ftate a much lower and fmaller plant than the T. fiexuo- fum. Flowers upright, when out of bloffom hanging down. Leafts of the lower-leaves roundith, thofe of the upper oval, flightly downy, dark blackifh green, with a whitifh angular mark in the centre. Leaf-fcales, the upper oval, terminated by an awn, fcored with red veins, flightly woolly. Head Angle, ufually roundith and fitting, between a pair of nearly fitting leaves, and in part furrounded by their leaf-fcales, fmaller, and of a deeper purple than thofe of T. flexuofum. Empalement thort, flightly woolly, ge- nerally fcored with red veins; teeth briftle-thaped, woolly, ufu- ally tinged with purple. Blofs. of 1 petal; tube long; ftandard ^ ufually * Calyce villofa, alls corolla: vexillo brevioribus, fiipulis ariftatis. St. ' , ♦ Crantz remarked that the flowers were-not feated on Use leaves. St. 795 THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. ufually longer than the wings and keel, blunt, generally notched at the end; wings blunt. Blofs. reddilh purple, fometime white. St. Purple Trefoil. Meadows and paftures. B. May— Sept. In a great fcarcity of provifions bread has been made of the flowers. The heads are ufed in Sweden to dye woollen green. With alum they give a light, with copperas a dark green. B Huds. Lightk. — Leaves inverfely heart-lhaped, the upper heart-leaved generally oppofite. Spike bare. Ray. Ray 13. 1 . at p. 328. T. prat. purp. foliis in extremo finuatis. C. B. pin. 327. (S r.) Between Peckham and Camberwell. Huds. y Huds. Larger and more upright than a. Leaves fomewhat Clover paler and thinner. Flowers fomewhat paler. Does not propagate itfelfby feed, or continue fo long in the ground. Ray. — Stems ftrong, almoft fmooth, furrowed, twice as tall as thofe of a. Heads large, oval, hairy. Petals more expanding, and Jhafts Ihorter than thofe of «. Mill. — Differs from a in nothing but fize. Mr. Woodward. St. — Empal. fegments tipped with a fine purple. Seed-vefj'el containing 2 feeds. With. Cow-Clover. Clover-grafs. Honey-fuckle Trefoil. Meadows and paftures. Much cultivated. It is either grazed, or made into hay. Swine, Goats, Horfes, and Cows are fond of it. Linn. — Sel- dom remains in the ground more than 2 years. Mr. Woodward. TRIFO'LIUM flexuofum. Jacq. St. — Spikes round- long-leaved ifh. Teeth of the empalement hairy. Wings of the blolfom as long as the ftandard. Leaf-fcales awl-lhaped. Stem zigzag. St.* Jacq. f. iv. 386. — Cluf. ii. 245. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1186. 4, cop. in Park. 1 104. 1 , and J. B. 375. 2. — Park. 1104. 2. — PL dan. 662, though the body of the empalement is reprefented as downy. The parts of frutlif cation ill done. — Blackw. 20. c. g. Root cylindrical, (lender, branching, tough, very long, brown, perennial, above with many heads, and fomewhat fhrubby. Stems leveral, fimple, fcored, cylindrical, or flightljr compreffed, | to 1 foot high, zigzag at almoft all the joints, afcending, and butfel- dotn truly upright, with a flight hairinefs, and fometimes almoft Imooth. Leaf-fcales with a flight hairinefs, efpecially at the edges, * Spicis fubrotundis, dentibus calycinis pilofis, corolla? alts vexillum asquan- tibns, nipuiis fubulatis, caule flexuojb. St, 3 F 4 fometim#5 r 1 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. fometimes nearly fmooth, fpear-fhaped, tapering both ways, ap- proaching, fcored, fcarcely embracing the ftem, with reddifh lines below. Leaf-Jialks cylindrical. Leaves, the 2 uppermoft fitting; leafts fpear-fhaped, with minute ferratures not viiible to the naked eye, but perceptible to the finger palled downwards, often marked with indiftindl white blotches, with a flight hairinefs on both fides, and efpecially at the edge, fometimes nearly fmooth; thofe of the lower-leaves blunt and nicked at the end; thofe of the reft rather .pointed. Spike round ifh, pleafing to the eye and fraell, nearly fitting, generally Angle, fometimes 2, flightly woolly. Empal. fmooth, with 10 fcores; teeth green, befet with fcattered hairs, the lowermoft equal in length to the tube of the bloffom, the reft gradually Ihorter. Jacq. (St. with the exceptions noted below. ) — Leaves longer and narrower, and bloffoms of a deeper colour than thofe of the 'cultivated Clover. Ray. — Differs from T. pratenfe as follows: Leaves longer, more ftrongly ribbed, fmooth above. Leqf-fcales fpear-fhaped, green, nofawned. Empalement fmooth, only the teeth hairy. Spike thicker. Hall. Lightf. St.— Both in this and tne 7 . pratenfe the empalement is fometimes woolly, and fometimes fmooth; the ribs of the leaf-fcales- fometimes red, and fometimes uncoloured; and the leafts very entire or finely ferrated. Leers. Leaves blunt, fmooth above, downy underneath. Empal. teeth awl-fhaped, the lowermoft fomewhat longer than the reft. Pollich. St. — Flowers upright, when out of blofforp hanging down. Leafts larger and of a paler green than thofe of T. fiexuo- font, all elliptical or fpear-fhaped, with frequently a white mark. Leaf-fcales fpear-fhaped, tapering to the end, pale at the bafe, Icored with deep green veins, and fringed with long foft hairs. Heads oval, ufually 2, and on fruit-ftalks. Fnut-falks from the bofom of the upper pair of leaves, unequal. Empalement fhort, fmooth; teeth unequal, briftle-fhaped, ufually green, and fringed with long foft hairs. Blofs. of 1 petal; ftandard nearly equal to the wings and kepi, broader than in T. pratenfe, but terminating inapoint; wings pointed. Mr. Woodward.— Stems tough. Lcaf- fcales awl-fhaped, not tapering downwards, or awned, fmootb, except at the edges, which are fringed with Iongifh foft hairs, the uppermoft often broader and rather triangular-awl-fhaped. Leaves, the upper fometimes on leaf-ftalks, fometimes fitting; leafts egg- elliptical, fpear-fhaped- oblong, or fpear-fhaped, fmooth above in all the plants an<^ fpecimens which I have feen, befet at the edges and underneath with foft fhort hairs lying flat, thicker and tougher* than thofe of T. pratenfe. Irifol'nim medium. Huds. ed. I. — Trifolium alpefre. Bot. arr. ed. I. Huds, cd. II. Lichtf. and Relhan. — Trifolium majus tertium. Clus. THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. 737 Clus. hift. II. 245. — (Jacq. obf. 64, and Riv. tetr. 12. 1, T. fol. longo, fi. purp. cited by Mr. Lightfoot, but very properly omitted by Mr. Hudfon, are T. alpejlre. My reafons for believing our plant not to be the T. alpejlre, and that the alpejlre of Jacquin and Linnaeus are the fame, are the following : The only figure cited by Linnaeus is 'jacq. obf. t. 64. The character of leaves finely fer- rated is true of Jacquin’s plant, whereas, in our plant, the ferra- tures areinvifible to the naked eye. Linnaeus alfo fays, that the foliage of the alpejlre is that of the montanum. This holds true of Jacquin’s alpejlre, but not of the fiexuofum, whofe foliage moft nearly. refembles that of T. pratenfe. The.body of the empalement in Jacquin’s alpejlre is woolly, as deferibed by him. In the fiexuo- fum it is fmooth. The T. alpejlre has the habit of T. Lupinafier . J St. Long-leaved purple ' Trefoil imth deeper coloured flowers. Ray. — Perennial Clover. Marle-grafs. Huds. Paflures and (ides of hedges. Ray. St.— Sides of woods. Jacq. St. — Mountainous paftures. Jacq. Huds.— At the foot of the Highland mountains in moift and fhady places. Lightf. — In Skirrith and other mountainous woods and paftures in the North, moft plentifully. Curt. — [High paftures, ufually among bufties, and in woods and ditch banks. Bath Hills, near Bungay, Suff. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. TRIFO'LIUM ochroleu'cum. Spikes woolly. Stem brimflone upright, downy. Leafits of the lowermoft leaves inverfely heart-fhaped. Linn. — Spikes globular. Bloffoms of 1 petal. Lowermoft tooth of the empalement very long, ftraight. Stem fomewhat declining. Leaves woolly. Huds. — Spikes fometimes egg-Jhaped or oblong. Lowermojl tooth of the empalement as long again as the refl. St. Jacq. ft. 40. — H. ox. ii. 12. 12, but leaves pointed injlead of roUnded at the ends.— The figures of T. montanum in Cluf. ii. 245. 1 , repr. in Ger. em. 1185. 3, and cop. in J. B. ii. 380. 2, in lUchf. 8x8, or Matth. 836, are better reprefentations of it, with the exception, that the upper leaves are not in pairs. — (Ray 13. 1, is cited as a variety by Haller, having the upper-leaves oppofite, but Mr. Hudfon regards it'as a variety of T. pratenfe, variety IS, which fee. The Jlruqlure of the empalement would readily afeertain whether it belongs to either, or to which of thefe fpecies .) Upper-leaves narrow, very entire. Spikes on fruit-ftalks, oblong. Empal. the lowermoft tooth the longeft. Blofs. brimftone-coloured. Linn. — Spikes very much rcfembling thofe of 7. pratenfe. Ray. St. In appearance refembles T. pratenfe , but the Jlem more hairy, and \ 798 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. and the leqj-fc'ales fheathing to a greater extent, and running out into longer awns. Goua'n. St. — Leaves , the uppermoft pair op- polite, and their leafits very entire. Hall. St. — Leaves alternate; leafts fitting, the lower ones heart-fhaped and egg-lhaped in the fame plant. Leaf-Jcales in pairs, fpear-fhaped, ending in a long awn, fcored, and fringed. Empal. Ihort, fcored; teeth fringed, the lowermoft expanding, green, the reft Ihort, equal, tipped with purple, and fometimes entirely purple. Blojs. pale brimftone-co- loured; jlandard very long,, fpear-fhaped, fome what keeled; wings and keel equal. Mr. Woodw .—Evipal. teeth briftlc-fhaped, within fmooth and marked with an elevated ridge, the 4 upper generally fhorter, but fometimes as long as the body of the empal. the lowcr- moft tooth fometimes as long again as the body of the empal. St. Dry meadows and paftures, and thickets, in a chalky foil in Effex, Cambridgefhire, Bedfordfhire, Hertfordfhire, Dupper’s Hill, Croydon, and near Stamford. [Bath Hills, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. 'Woodward.] B. June. July. ■ Hares-foot TRIFO'LIUM arvenfe. Spikes woolly, oval. Teeth of the empalement briftle-fhaped, woolly, equal. — Dod. 577. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 498. 4, ic. ii. 39. 1, Ger. em. 1 193- 3* and C°P ■ in Pnrk. 1107. 6> and H. ox. ii. 13. 8. — FI. dan. 724. — Riv.tetr. 15, Lagopus. — Ger. 1023. 2. — Barr. 901 and 902. — Matth. 983. — Fuchf. 494, cop. in Trag. 595, and Lonic. i. 106. 5. — Blachw. 450. Blojs. wings marked within with a blood-coloured fpot. Linn. — Blojs. pale red, fhorter than the empal. Whole plant woolly. Stem upright, cylindrical, firm, much branched. Leaf-Jcales in pairs, fpear- fhaped, fcored with red veins, and ending in an awn . Leaf-Jlalks very fhort. Leafts of the lower-leaves elliptical, of the upper nearly ftrap- fhaped, fomewhat nicked at the end, the mid-rib lengthened into a fhort point. Empalement jeddifh, longer than the bloffom, fcored; teeth briftle-fhaped, nearly equal, fringed with long hairs. Mr. Woodward. — Blojs. pale red. Hares-foot. Hares-foot Trefoil. Sandy paftures and corn fields. A. July. Aug. fi Ray 14. 2. at p. 332. Root running deep. Stems trailing, 1 to 3 inches long. Fruit-JIalks very fhort. Heads numerous, roundifh. Blojfoms white or pale flefh-coloured. Dill, in R. fyn. — Stems trailing. Leafts rather elliptical, Blunter than in a, and by no means fo pointed as in Dillenius s figure. Leaf-Jcales more woolly than in «. Heads nearly round, not fo large as in the figure. Mr. Woodward. Sea 799 THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. Sea coaft. Brackelfham, Suflex. [Yarmouth Denes. Lowes- toft, plentifully. Mr. Woodward.] TRIFO'LIUM fella1 turn. Spikes hairy, egg-fhaped. far-headed Empalements expanding. Stem fpreading. Leafits inverfely heart-fhaped. Linn. — Spikes globular. Teeth of the empalenrent equal. Stem oblique, woolly. Leaves woolly, the lower ones inverfely heart-fhaped. Huds.* J. B. ii. 376. 2, cop. in H. ox. ii. 13. 9. — Barr. 860, and 755. — Pluk. 1 13. 4. f Empalement hairy on the outlide, teeth equal.LiNN. — Stem woolly, 'with a few hairs. Leaf-fcales in pairs, fpear-fhaped, lengthened out, fcored, fringed with long hairs. Leaves, the upper oppofite; leafts of the lower-leaves dblortg-wedge-fhaped, of the upper ob- long-wedge-fpear-fhaped. Leaf-Jlalks fhort. Fruit-ftalks longer than the leaf-ftalks. Heads oval. Empalement as long as the bloffonr, divided” almoft to the bafe; fegments fpear-awl-fhaped, fringed with long hairs. Blofs. pale reddifh purple; Jlandard fpear-fhaped, keeled; wings hooked very near the bafe; keel as long as the wings. Mr. Woodward. — Leafts of the upper-leaves oblong, (lightly wedge-ftiaped at the bafe, rounded at the end, and fometimes very (lightly dented, fmooth, except at the edges and along the mid-rib underneath. Empalement befet at the bafe of the teeth with white expanding hairs. St. Meadows and pallures oh the fea coaft. Dartford Saltmarfh. Leigh and Little Holland, Eftex. In Somerfetfhire. Tilbury Fort. Sheernefs. Between Greenhithe and Northfleet. Neaf Briftol. [In Norfolk. Mr. Pitchford.] P. June. July. TRIFO'LIUM fca'brum. Heads fitting, lateral, hard-hotted egg-fhaped. Segments of the empalement unequal, ftiff, bowed back. — Barr. 870, in fruit. — Vaill. 33. 1, in flower. — J. B. ii. 378. 4, in fruit. — H. o.r. ii. 13. 10. Stems not much branched. Leafts oval, thickifh, fo me what fcolloped at the edge. Heads from the bofom of the leaves, hard, ftiff, permanent. Empal. the outer teeth longer and ftronger. Blofs, * Or rather perhaps, fpicit pilofs, dentibus calycinis lanceolatis eequalibus, patenlibus, caule diffufo, foliis fuperhribus o/foptis, foliolis inf mis obcoidatis. — ■ Spicis pilofis as in Sp. pi, rather than pilofs ovatis, as Scop, delcribes them oblong , as they are in Barr. 755, one of the figures cited by Linnaeus; and Hudfon globular. — Caule foliifqut will of s in Mr, Hudfon '3 cbaradters of this fpecies and T. ocbrgleucum teem ftiperfiuotts. S r. 8oo round-headed t {oft-knotted DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Blofs. whitifh, {lender, as long as the empaleinent. Linn. — - Whole plant woolly. Stems proftrate, 4 to 7 inches long. Leaf- J'cales oval-fpear-fhaped, terminated by an awn, fco red with red lines. Leaf-ftalks fhort. Leaves few; leafts oblong-wedge-fhaped, fitting. Heads fomewhat oval. Empalement fcored, hairy; teeth triangular, the lowermoll long, expanding* {harp, and giving the plant its roughnefs to the touch. Blofs. but little longer than the empalement, whitifh. Mr. Woodward. Chalky and Tandy paftures. Chalk hills near the Thames between Northfleet and Gravefend. Near Chatham, and in the Ifle of Shepey. Newmarket; Gamlingay, Cambridgefhire. [Bath Hills, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodw. — Caifter Common, near Norwich. Mr. Crowe.] A. May. June. TRIFO'LIUM glomera' turn . Heads fitting, he- mifpherical, ft iff. Empalements fcored; - teeth open,* equal. — - Curt. iv. 38. — Barr. 882. — Fluk. 113. 5. Stem drooping. Empalements with 10 fcores, naked, difpofed in a beautiful manner, the ftiff expanding fegments filling up the interflices between the reft. Linn. — Stems numerous, proftrate, 4 to 7 inches long, fcarce perceptibly downy. Leaf-fcales in pairs; ova 1 -fp ear- fh aped, taper-pointed, fcored, fmooth. Leqf-Jlalks furrowed above. Leaves alternate; leajits nearly fitting, obtufely oval, or oblong-wedge-fhaped, fmooth on both tides, ftrongly ribbed, the ribs terminating in pointed fcrratures fcarcely diftin- guiiftable by the naked eye, in the youngeft leaves only the mid-rib lengthened into a projecting point. Heads from the bofom of the leaves and terminating, with a pair of leaf-fcales fimilar to but broader than thofe beneath. Empalement fmooth, fhorter than the bloffom; teeth expanding, triangular, pointed but not rigid at the end. Blofs. pale red; Jlandard fpear-fhaped, fomewhat keeled; jeings and keel equal. Mr. Woodward. Sandy meadows and paftures, and moift heaths. Saxmundham, Suffolk. Blackheath and Greenhithe, Kent. Ifle of Shepey, and about Norwich. [Bath Hills, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] A. June. TRIFO'LIUM Jtrla'tum. Heads fitting, moftly lateral, egg-fhaped. Empalements fcored, rounded. + — * Rather expanding fpatentes) as in the defcription., St, f The teeth are pointed, and open fpatuli.) It fhould feein, therefore, tha^ roiundatis is here applied to the whole or lower part of the empalement as ap- proaching to a round figure, S r. VailL 1 THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. 801 Vaill. 33. 2.* — Ray 13. 3. Empalement with 10 fcores, hairy all over on the outfide. Linn. — Stems from 6 to 18 inches high, moftly upright, fometimes de- clining, but never proftrate. Leaf-fcales in pairs, oval, with 'a point, fcored, very downy. Leaves alternate, diftant, the lower on long, the upper on fhort leaf-ftalks, the uppermofl fitting or nearly fo; leafits of the lower-leaves oblong-wedge-fhaped, of the upper fpear-fhaped, fitting, downy on both Tides, ribs not ftrongly . marked, ferratures barely diftinguifhable with a glafs. Heads oval, woolly, fometimes on fhort fruit-ftalks, fome terminating, but moftly in pairs. Empalement juft fhorter than the bloffom, fcores almoft hid by long foft hairs; teeth nearly equal, ftraight, awl- fhaped, not ftiff. Blofs. pale red; jlandard fpear-fhaped; icings and keel equal. Mr. Woodward. — Empalement of the fruit contracted at the bafe of the teeth; teeth ftiff, pointed, open, thelowermoft half as long again as the reft. St. Dry meadows and paftures. [Bath Hills, near Bungay, Suff. Mr. Woodward.] A. Huds. B. Leers. June. **** Bladder Trefoils. Empalements inflated; bellying. TRIFO'LIUM fragif'erum. Spikes roundifh. Strawberry Empalements inflated, with 2 teeth, + bent back. Stems creeping. — Curt. ii. 16. — Vaill. 22. 2. — J. B. ii. 379. 3. b. — H. ex. ii. T3. 14. — Cluf. cur. 39, repr. in Ger. em. 1208, and cop. in Park. 1109. 5. — ( Riv. tetr. 10. 2, T. fragiferum is T. tomentofum.J Stems throwing out roots. Fruit-flaihs longer than the leaves. Empalement a little downy, nearly globular, woolly, (the upper part) with 2 teeth, the lower at the bafe with 3 teeth. Blofs.' white with us, but in other countries reddifh. Linn. — Blofs. purple. Curt. — Leaf-fcales in pairs, oval-fpear-fhaped, drawn out into a long point, fmooth. Leafits heart or egg-fhaped, fmooth, very flightly ferrated. Fruit-ftalks naked, longer than the leaf-ftalks. Mr. Woodward. Cows eat it. — Moift meadows and paftures. P. Aug. t _ ***** Hop Trefoils. Standard of the blcjfom bent inwards. TRIFO'LIUM agra'rium. Spikes oval, tiled, hop Standards bent downwards, permanent. Empalements naked. Stem upright. — * Woollinefs of the empalements not expreffed. Mr. Woodward. f Empalement of the fruit with 2 lips; the upper inflated bent back, ter- minated by 2 teeth; the lower with 3 teeth. St, Curt. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA Curt. iii. 27.* — Vaill. 22. 3-. — Riv. tetr. 10. 1, T. lupulinum. — FI. dan. 796 .—Wale. — J. B. ii. 381. 1, cop. in Ii. ox. ii. 13. 1 and 2, the uppermoft of the 2 figures. — (Dod. 576. 2, is Me- dicago lupulina. — Lob. obf. 468. 1, repr. in ic. ii. 29. 2, Ger. em. 1186. 6, and cop. in Park. 1 1 1 1 .• 5, appears to me to be T. procumbens. — FI. dan. 558, from the fitting odd leafit Jhould feem to be T. aureum of Pollich.) Stems nearly upright, folitary. Empalement before flowering juft fenfibly woolly, not to be called hairy, the points of the teeth be- in'g only befetwith 1 or a hairs; the 2 upper teeth as long as the reft. Blofs. yellow, not chefnut-coloured. Linn. — Empal. the 2 upper teeth very fhort, the lower longer andawl-fhaped. Pollich. Mr. Woodward. St. — Stems moftly upright, much branched, flightly downy. Leaf-fcales in pairs, oval-fpear-fhaped, notend- ing in an awn. Leaf-ftalhs fhort. Leaves alternate; leafits egg- fhaped, or obtufely oval, fmooth, flightly ferrated, the terminat- ing one on a pedicle, r to i| line long, the fide ones nearly fitting. Fruit-fialks numerous, from the bofom of the leaves, folitary, longer than the leaf-ftalks. Flowers upright, yellow, after flow- ering turning brown, and bent back. Pedicles fhort. Floral-leaves minute, awl-fhaped, 1 at the bafe of each pedicle. Blofs. jlandard egg-fhaped, fcored, flat. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves with about 10 or 12 femi-tranfparent lateral ribs. With. — Empal. the 3 lower teeth terminated, with from 1 to 3 longifh permanent hairs. Blofs. pale yellow or ftraw-coloured. Seed 1, but in the feed-bud there are often the rudiments of 2. St. Gravelly meadows and paftures. A. June. July. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. TRIFO'LIUM procum'bens. Spikes oval, tiled. Standards bent down, permanent. Stems trailing. — Curt. v. 52 ,-r-Ray 14. 3. at p. 332. — H. ox. ii. 13. 1 and 2. b, the lowermoft of the 2 figures. — Lob. obf. 468. 1, repr. in ic. ii. 2g. 2, Ger. em. 1 186. 6, and cop. in Park, in 1. 5, as it often is when growing among other plants. — (FI. dan. 796, is T. agrarmm.f ) Differs from the T. agrarium in having fmaller flowers, and its Ipng ftems entirely drooping. Similar to T. filiforme, but larger, and has often 10 to 12 flowers in a head. Leaves not fcored. When taw-n too proves diftindt. Linn. — Seeds often 2. Leers. — Flowers C to 20. Curt. — Stems numerous, 6 to 12 inches long, much branched. * Good but trailing. Mr. Woodward. f More refembles F. procumbent than F. agrarium. Mr. Woodward. THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. 803 X branched. Leaf-fcales in pairs, obtufely oval-fpear-fhaped. Leaf- Jlalks fhort. Leaps heart-wedge or egg-fhaped, very entire towards the bafe, ferrated upwards, the odd one on a fhort leaf-ftalk, the fide one nearly fitting, fmooth j Fruit-Jlalks , from thcbofom of the leaves, longer than the leaf-ftalks, (lightly downy. Pedicles very fhort. Floral-leaves none. Flowers after flowering bent back, hanging more loofely and feparate than thofe of T. ngrarium . Empal. larger in proportion to the bloffom than that of F. agrariuvr, the 2 upper teeth fhort, the lower longer and more pointed. Standard egg-fhaped, pointed. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves fcored. Empal. with a few fcattered hairs. Blofs. brownilh yellow. St. — Stem a little hairy. Leaps inverfely heart-fhaped, mid-rib a little hairy underneath, with about 7 femi-tranfparent lateral ribs. With. Meadoxvs and paflures. " A. May — Aug. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. TRIFO'LIUM plifor'me. Spikes fomewhat tiled. J mall Standards bent down, permanent. Empalements on pe- dicles. Stems trailing. — Roy 14- 4* tip. 332j, ' Differs from T. procumbent, as follows : When wild fcarcely a fpan high. Branches trailing. Fruit-Jlalks hardly thicker than horfe hair. Flowers 3 or 5 in a head, but when cultivated often 12 to 15, diftindl, on more obvious pedicles. In the T. procumbevs the fruit- ftalks are as thick as a thread, not to mention the difference of the leaves and habit. Stems thread-like. Leaps notched at the end, fcored. Fruit-Jlalks longer than the leaves. Flowers bent down. Pedicles of the fruit clear and di flinch Linn. — Seed 1. Leers. — Stems 3 to 6 inches long. Leaf-fcales in pairs, oval-fpear-fhaped. Leaf-Jlalks very fhort. Leafts moftly heart-wedge-fhaped, very en- tire at the bafe, ferrated upwards, ftrongly veined, fmooth, nearly fitting. Fruit-Jlalks from the bofom of the leaves, fmooth. Flowers when wild moftly 3, feldom more than 5. Pedicles extremely (lender, from \ to 1 line long. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, very mi- nute, 1 at the bafe of the pedicle of the middle flower, none on the others. Empalement half as long as the bloffom, with 5 fcores; the 2 upper teeth fhorteft, the lower longer, the lowermoft the longeft. Blofs. pale yellow; Jlandard egg-fhaped, fomewhat nicked, keeled. Mr. Woodward. — Flowers 2 to 5. St. Sandy meadows and paflures. A. May — June. The flowers of all the fpecies, dried and powdered, may be made into bread, which, in times of fcarcity, has preferved the inhabitants of Scotland from perifhing. The leaves of all the fpe- cies fold up before rain. • The 804 / birds-foot * I* ' , ■ DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. The Papilio Cinxia, and the Phalana Fafcelina, live upon the different fpecies. 969. LO'TUS. Claver. Rundle fimple. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; cylindrical; with 5 (hallow clefts. 'Teeth 4 harp; equal; upright; permanent. Bloss. butterfty-fhaped. Standard circular ; bent downwards ; claw ob- long ; concave. Wings circular; fhorter than the ftandard; broad ; approaching upwards. Keel hunched in the lower part ; clofed above ; taper; afcending; fhort. Chives. Threads 10; afcending; 9 united ; rather broad at the ends, lips fmall ; limple. Point. Seed-bud cylindrical; oblong. Shaft fimple ; afcending. Summit a dot ; bending inwards. S. Vess. Shell cylindrical ; Ibiff and flraight ; full ; longer than the cup ; valves '2 ; cell 1 ; but as if tranfverfely divided into many. Seeds many; cylindrical. Ess. Char. Shell cylindrical ; auite flraight. Wings ap- proaching Upwards longitudinally. Empal. tubular. * rruil-Jlalhs with many flowers in a head-. LO'TUS cornicula'tus. Heads flatted. Stems droopi ing. Shells cylindrical, expanding. — Curt. ii. 18. — Ger. 1022. 6. — J. B. ii. 355. — Wale. — Dod. 573. 2, repr.in Lob. obf. 501. 2, ic. ii. 44. 1, Ger. em. 1190. 5, and cop. in H. ox. ii. 18. 10. — Anderfon, Ajlragalus glycyphyllus. — Fuchf. 527. — Trag. 594, cop. in Lonic. i. 106. 3. Blofs. fweet-feented. Linn. — Seeds more than 20. C!urt. — Empalement in this and all the varieties fringed with long foft hairs. Petals all equal, on narrow fepa rate claws. S/ieiis fmooth, termi- nated by a long flraight point. Mr. Woodward. — Heads with a fingle lilting leaf at the bafe. Mr. Hollefear. St. — Flowers in flatted heads, in a fort of rundle with very fhort fpokes. Blofs. before opening of a bloody red on the outfide, and of a yellowifh green within, when expanded of a full yellow; Jlandard bent back; wings oblong-egg-fhapcd. Summit globular, very minute. With. Meadows THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. Meadows, paftures, heaths, and road fides. P. June— Aug. The flowers become greenifh when dried; in that refpedt they refemble the flowers of the plants which produce Indigo. Cows, Goats, and Horfes eat it. Sheep and Swine are not fond of it. — Thrips Phyfapus is found upon it. Linn. In Uertfordfhire it is cultivated as paffurage for Sheep. Pot. avr. cd. I— It is ftrongly recommended by Mr. Anderfon. Curt.— There is no doubt but ^t might be cultivated to great advantage. In moiff meadows it grotvs to a great height, and much higher than any of the Trefoils or Me die ago lupulina, and makes extremely good hay. Mr. Woodward. /? Linn. — Larger. Stem more upright. Hall. St. Riv. telr. 76. 1, Lotus.— J. B. ii. 35G. 1. Leaves, and efpecially the unexpanded heads , with a good deal of woollinels. Ray. — Stem upright, 2 feet high, hardly angular. 1 Le afofcales heart-fhaped, roundifli. Leaves veined underneath. Lyons. Leaf-foales bluntly egg-fhaped, or roundifli, but termi- nating in a point. Mr. Woodward. Loti comiculatce major Jpecies. R. fyn. 334. (St.) Woods, moift meadows and hedges, [and Tides of wet ditches. P. June — Aug. 7 tenuijjimus. Linn. Should leem to be a variety. Stems twice ■as long and narrow as thofe of a. Leaves ftrap-fbaped. Shells : narrower. Linn.— More fhrubby. Ray. St.— Leaf-Jcales ftrap- fpear-fhaped. Mr. Woodward. Lotus foliis longioribus et angujlioribus. Hall. 385. $ II. (St.) Cornfields and moift places. Ray.— In ,the neighbourhood of fWorcefter. Sr.- J Huds. Like /3 but lels hairy. Ray. — Whole plant downy. Mr. Woodward. Lotus pentaphyllos viedius piloftts. R. fyn. 334. (St.) In the fields behind Mother-huffs. Ray. 6 Huds. Leaves hoary underneath. Chalk pits at Greenhithe. Ray. 11 8‘G fVol. II. 971. MEDI- 8o6 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 97i. MEDICA'GO. Medick. Empal .'Cup i leaf; flraight; cylindrical, but fomewhat bell-fhaped; with 5 (hallow clefts ; taper; equal. Bloss. butterfly-fhaped. Standard egg-lhaped ; entire ; bent inwards at the edges ; the whole bent back. Wings oblong-egg-fhaped ; fixed to the append- age of the keel ; approaching at the fides under the keel. Keel oblong; cloven; expanding; blunt; bent downwards by the pointal, and with the flandard forming a gaping mouth. Chives, ‘threads 10; united almofl the whole length, 'Tips fmall. Point. Seed-bud Handing on a little fruit-ftalk ; oblong; bowed inwards ; comprelfed ; inclofed by the threads ; burfling out of the keel, and preffingback the flandard ; ending in a Jhaft which is fhort ; awl- fhaped ; generally flraight. Summit terminating; fmall. S.Vess. Shell compreffed; long; bent inwards. Seeds many; kidney-fhaped, or angular. Ess. Char. Shell comprcjfed; fpirally wreathed. Keel of the blojfom prcjfed dorm from the Jlandard. Obs. The {hell, inTome fpecies, is rolled up fpirally like a fnail-lhell; in others, bent like a bow, or a fickle. * Lucem MEDICA'GO fati'va , Fruit-flalks with bunches. Shells twiflcd. Stem upright, fmooth.— Cluf. ,ii. 242. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 498. 1 ; ic. ii. 36. 2, Geri. em. x 189. 2, and cop. in Park. 1114. 1, and H. ox. ii. i6.row i. 2, with the addition of a bunch in fruit; and ii.- 15. row 3. II. a bunch in fruit. — J. B. ii. 378. 1. Stems lcored, declining. Branches alternate. Leaf-fcales fpear- fhaped, ending in an awn. Leaf-Jlalks fhort. Leafts 3-fold, ellip- tical, entire at the bafe, ferrated upwards, the mid-rib lengthened into a thorn-like point, {lightly downy above, fmooth, and fcored with veins underneath, on leaf-flalks, that of the terminating one the longefi:. Fruit-Jlalhs from the bofom of the leaves, longer than the leaves. Bunches thick. Pedicles fhort. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, 1 at the bafe of each pedicle. Empalcmcnt nearly fmooth; teeth awl-fhaped, THREADSin 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. 807 awl-fhaped, nearly equal. Blofs. purple. Shells twilled fpirally with 2 or 3 diftant turns. Mr. Woodward. X Trifolium ftliqua cornuta, % five Medica . Baul’ph. 330 .—Trifolium burgundtacum. Ger. era. nSg.—Foenum burgnndiacum fivtmMedica &Pahm. ii %MtTjor’ Mius WT- Lucern. Meadows, paftures, and ditch banks. Hud s. P. June. July. The modern ivnta-s upon hufbandry ilrongly recommend the cultivation of this plant, for the purpofe of feedin* cattle but it is not yet generally adopted. * ShdJsEcrefcentA(h?p?d/‘' Stm potee.- bunche#2rffo® FL d n‘ Fakata; Statures of the leases not ■ ex prejjed.-H. ox 11.16. rfiw 1. i, and ii. 15. row 3. I \ bunch in fruit. -Cluf. 11. 243 . x , repr . in Ger. em. n9i . 8 , and ' cop. in Park. 1 1 14. 3.-7. B. ii. 383. 2. Stems cylindrical, fmooth, flightly fcored, declining. Leaf. Jcales in pairs, fpear-lhaped, almoft all at the bafe, and fome al ^ b/anCheS Wkh 1 °r 2 teeth on the outer fh°rt- fmooth, 3-fold; /w/fc elliptical or tvedge-fhaped, entire at the bafe, ferrated upwards, mottly notched at the end, the mid-rib lengthened out into a projecW horn-bke point, mat folks longer than the leaves. Bunches rather Hoofe. lloral-leaves awl-lhaped. Empalement flightly downy teeth iawl-fhaped, equal. Blofs. yellow or purple. Shells crefcent-lbaped terminated by a long claw. Seeds 5 or 6, comprelfed, fixed to the miner future. Mr. Woodward. Yellow Me dick. Butter-jags. ¥t^lku0nCOnn fiddS’ andfandy paftures. Between Watford and ulhy^Hdl. Ray. -About Norwich, plentifully. Mr. Rose [and ivir. Woodward.] p b . In hot, dry, barren fandy places it is well worth the trouble of Zl? 1 °rr C PUrp°fe °f makinS hay- A Pra<^lice long lince ■adopted in fome parts of Sweden. & Cows, Horfes, Goats, and Sheep eat it. ihaped.'l-thl'feed. SMk ^ *** Curl. u. 20.—R1V. tetr. 8, Melilotus mbiima.—H. ox. ii. ir row 4-/, a bunch and leaf. -Fuchf. 819, cop. in Trag. 5 93, and 7 f »• 380. 4, and Dod. 576. 2, which repr. in Ger. em. 1 186. 5, Park. 1105. 6, and H. ox. ii. x6. 8.-Ger, 1020. 3 —Ionic. U I06- 3 G 2 SMs 1 8o8 Snailjhell heart DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Shells fcored, wrinkled, fomewhat rough with ftiffhairs. Linn. —Stems, unlefs fupported by other plants, trailing. Branches very numerous, alternate. Leaf-fcales oval-fpear-fhaped, with a long awn. Leaves on very fhort leaf-ftalks; ^53-fold, oblong-wedge- fhaped, ferrated upwards, nicked at the end, with the mid-rib lengthened into a projecting point. Head oval. Flowers fmall. Empalement (lightly downy, nearly as long as the hlofTom; tee : h awl-fhaped, the 2 upper ones rather fliorter. Blqfs. yellow. Shells turning when ripe. Mr. Woodward .-Stem a little triangular. Flowers 30 to 40, and upwards. With. - Melilot Trefoil. [Black Nonfuch, Norfolk. Mr. ‘W oodward.] Corn fields, meadows, and paftures. A. May— Aug. Cows, Horfes, Goats, and Sheep eat it; but it is lefs grateful to them than the other fpecies. Linn. \ ' . It is cultivated in Norfolk under the name of ]\onfuch, and is ufually fown mixed with Rye-grafs fLolium perenne.) The crop is then called bftick and white Nonfuch. Mr. Woodward. B Huds. H. or. ii. 15. 14. Shells about 10, flightly comprefled, rough with numerous tu- bercles. Ray. Medica polycar pos frutlu minore comprcjfo fcabro. K. iyn. 333. Medica cochleata, &c. H. ox. ib.-The reft of the fynonyms in the FI. angl. belong to a. S'r. , Corn fields near Peckham, Paddington, and behind Pindar s- end, near Enfield. Ray. M E D I C A' G O polymor'pha. Shells fpirally wreathed. Leaf-fcales toothed. Stem fpreading.— S M. arabica. Fruit-ftalks with moftly 3 flowers. Shells hedffe-hoggcd. Leafits inverfely heart -fhaped. Gouaij. Lj nn .—Fruit-ftalks with moftly 2 flowers, Huds.— rather 2 Jkclls. St. ‘ Curt. iii. 30 —Cam.hort. 2 j.—Ger. 1021. 4, cop.inGer. 1190. 4, and Park. 1115. 6. — H. ox. ii. 15. row 2. 12, a bunch and leaf. Prickles loo Jhort.—fib. 17, is an erroneous reference .) Leafits with a fpear-fhaped blood-coloured fpot, which after flowering difappears. Flowers 4 or 5. Fruit with widely diverging thorns. Linn.— Stem 4-cornered, with long whitifh hairs below, Imooth above. Leaf-ftalks cylindrical, channelled, hairy in|like man- ner. Leafits 3 fomewhat ribbed, fmooth, marked above with a blackifh brown heart-fhaped fpot; edge partly entire, partly fer- rated. Leaf-fcales pointed, ferrated. Fruit-ftalks from the bofom of the leaves, hairy, with 5 flowers, but 2 or 3 of thefe genera y abortive, Blofs. flandavd notched at the end, much larger than the other THREADS in 2 SETS, X. CHIVES. other petals. Threads, g united, the ioth folitary. Shaft hunched above. Shell of the fhape of a cafk, fpiral, with about 5 turns; thorns more than a line long, bowed, crooked, pointing upwards and downwards. I defcribe this, as fpecific chara&ers of the various forts of M. polymorpha not having been hitherto given, and furely they are not all to be confidered as varieties. Willi ch. — Shells flat at the bafe, narrowing towards fhe top; wreaths flat; prickles expanding, hooked at the ends. St. Medica cochleata minor annua capfula majors alba, folio cordato, macula fufea notato. H. ox. II. p. 154. n. 17. (S r.) Heart Trefoil. Heart Claver. Dry fandy paltures, borders of fields, efpecially on the fea fhore. [Wells, in Norfolk. Mr. Crowe.] A. May. * M. minima. Linn — Shells moftly 3. Thorns hooked, fmall Leaf-fcales entire. Gouan. and Ger. prov. H. ox. ii. 15. row 2. 15, lunch of fruit.— J, B. ii. 386. b.—Riv. tetr. 88, Cochleata row 4. /. 4, ech. min. bunch of fruit, prickles too ft tort. — J. B. ii. 386. 2. a, cop. in Park. 1 1 15. 7. a, leaves egg-Jhaped, pointed. — FI. dan. 21 1.* Shells feveral, fcarcely larger than the feeds of Orobus, the fpirals rough with thorns bowed back laterally. Leaf-fcales entire. Linn. —Plant downy, fmall. Stem preftrate. Leafts wedge-lhaped, notched at the end, with a point, finely ferrated. Leaf-J'cales { pear- Ihaped, hardly, fcolloped. Fruit-Jlalks fomewhat longer than the leaves, with 2 to 4 fhells. Schreb-. St.— Root frequently envel- oped at the top with the old fhelj as reprefented in J. B. ii. 386. 2. a; ftriking deep, white, tough, of the fize of fmall twine, with a few fliff fibres. Whole plant, except the blofloms, covered with a white filky down. Stems fomewhat angular, numerous, trailing, often tinged with purple.( Leaf-fcales fpear-lhaped, entire, ribbed. Leaves on leaf-ftalks; leasts 3-fold, the lateral ones fitting, the middle one on a leaf-ftalk, oblong-wedge-fhaped, very entire at the bafe, ferrated upwards, with ftrongribs terminating inferra- tures, notched at the end with an intermediate projecting point. Fruit-Jlalks as long as the leaves. Flowers from 1 to 6, in a loofe- head, on Ihort unequal pedicles. Empal. teeth 5, awl-fhaped, as long as the body of the empalement. Blofs. fmall, pale yellow. Shells with fliff hooked prickles. Mr. Woodward. * Leafits fpear-fhaped, fhells very ill done. Mr. Woodward. St. 3 G 3 Medicago 809 8io diadelphia decandria. 1 / Medicago minima. Schreb. fpicil. p. 2j .—T rifolium echinatum ar- venfe fruStu minore. Bauh. pin. 330. — Medica echinata parva reft a. Park. 1 1 1 5. — Medica cochleata ’iroTwna.ymot; annua, capfula minima , rotunda. H. ox. II. p. 154. n. 20. — Medicago pedunculis muUifloris, leguminibus cochleatis, fpinulis hamatis, Jlipulis integris. Gkr. prov. p. 519. var. — Medica foliis emarginatis fcrratis, racemis paucifioris, filiquis globofis, eckinatis. Hall. hift. n. 383. a. (St.) Sandy places, but rather rare. Ray. — [Narborough, near Swaffham, Norfolk, in a very light fand. A. Mr. Woodward.] y Huds. pluk. 1 13. 6. I have never Jeen any native fpecimen which I could fuppofe to be this fpecies, but the figure of Plukenet corre- fponds the mofi exactly with my fpecimens of M. polymorpha cilia- ris, a plant figured in H. ox. ii. 15. row 2. n. Medica minor orbiculato comprejfo fructu, circum oras fpinis molliufculii echinato. PLUK.alm.p. 243. (St.) Orford, Suffolk, on the fea-beach, plentifully. Ray. $ Huds. Park. 1 1 1 6. /. 3 and 5. Leaves green, thofe near the ends of the branches woolly. Pluk. Medicos marina? fpinofee fpecies. Ger. em. 1200. — Medica marina ■major fpinoja. Park. 1115, “ and another fort that dijferelh only in the “ fmallnejfe." ib. (St.) s hybrida. Fruit-ftalks with'moftly 2 flowers. The lower fhelis fpirally wreathed, thorny ; the upper fomewhat bowed. Leaf-fcales toothed. Stem fpreading. Huns. Lower falls with 5 turns; thorns diverging; feeds perfect. Upper Jhells flrap-fhaped, half an inch long, bowed or bent inwards, {lightly protuberating; feeds imperfect. Huds. Near Charlton, Kent. Ob s. If all the different forts of M. polymorpha are only varieties, how happens it that only one of them has been found growing wild in Switzerland^ M. Gerard appears very properly to have confi- dered them as fpecies. Hall. St. — This opinion has been con- firmed by the practice of Schreber and Jacquin. St. Clafs r 8 i Clqfs XVIII. POLYADELPHIA. THREADS in many SETS. THIS Clafs comprehends the Plants whole Flowers have Chives united by the Threads into 3 or more fets. Order IV. POLTANDRIA; MANY CHIVES. 981. Hyper'icum. Cup 5 divifions t beneath. Blofs. petals 5'. Shafts 1, 3, or 5. Capf. 1 or more cells. I 3^4 Order 8 1 2 POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Order IV. PO LY AND RI A; MANY CHIVES. 981. HYPERICUM. St. John’s-wort. (Ray.) Em'pal. Cup 5 divifions; fegments fomewhat egg-fhaped ; concave; permanent. Bloss. Petals 5; oblong-egg-fhaped ; blunt; expanding; bending from left to right. Chives. Threads numerous; hair-like; connected at the bale into 3 or 5 fets. Tips fmall. Point. Seed-bud roundifh. Shafts 3; fometimes 1, 2, or 5 ; fimple ; diftant ; as long as the chives. Summits fimple. S.Vess. Capfule roundifh ; with as many cells as there are (hafts. Seeds feveral ; oblong. • - Ess. Ch ar. Empal. divifions 5. Petals 5, Threads many; united at the bafe into 5 fets. Capfule. Tutfan HYPER'ICUM Androfce'mum. Shafts 3. Fruit like a berry. Stem fhrub-like, 2-edged. — Curt. iii. 35. — Dod. 78. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 357. 3, ic. i. 632. 1, Ger. em. 543. 1, and cop. in Park. 576. 1. — Blackw. 94. — Ger. 435. — H. ox. v. 6. 12. Leaves oppofite, fitting, fmooth, entire, egg-fhaped, at the bafe of the branches very large, thofe of the branches decreafing in fize as they approach the fummit, and approaching to fpear- fhaped. Empal. fegments unequal. Beiries black when ripe. Mr, Woodward. — Leaves oppofite, egg-fhaped, fmooth. Flozvers terminating, 4 together. Fruit-Jlalks cylindrical, fmooth. Empal. tire 3 outer fegments much larger. Petals yellow, concave, fcored, un- equalatthe end from a hollow in the margin on one fide. With. Tutfan. Park-leaves. Woods and moift hedges. [Near Pengwarry, Cornwall, in ditches. Mr. Watt. -Duke of Bridgewater’s woods at Afkeridge, and near Berkhamftead, Hertfordfhire. Mr. Woodw. — Lanesat at the foot of Malvern Hill, Worcefterfhirc. St.] P. July. It is not uncommon in our flower gardens. A Horfe refufed it. St. HYPER'ICUM THREADS in many SETS, MANY CHIVES. 813 HYPER'ICUM qitadrangula're. Shafts 3. Stent quadrangular fquare, herbaceous. — Curt. iv. 38 .—FI. dan. 640.— Trag. 73. 2 .—Matth. 937, cop. in Dod. 78. 1, which repr. in Lob. obj. 216, ic. 399. 1, Ger. em. 542, and cop. in Park. 575, Ger. cm. 434, and abridged in IF. cx. v. 6. 10, and Pei. 60. n.—fjf. B. iii. 382. 2, is a diffe- rent plant. ) Leaves without pellucid pores. Linn. — Others affert the contrary. Reich. — Stem rcddilh, fmooth. Branches oppofite. Lower leaves fitting, oppolite; the upper growing together, egg-fhaped, with 7 or g ribs, with a net-work of veins, with tranfparent glands in the interfaces, though not very numerous; difcernible when viewed with a glafs in a ftrong light. Floral-ldaves awl-fhaped, in pairs. Empalement fpear-fhaped. Mr. Woodw.— Stem branched; edges marked with-fhort dark purple glandular ftreaks. Leaves in pairs, fitting, oblong-egg-fhaped, ribbed, dotted along the edges with black glands, particularly on the under lide. Empal. fegnsents ribbed, rather expanding, a little toothed at the end. Petals yellow, ribbed, concave, marked with dark purple lines and dots, filled with a purple liquor which flains paper with a muddy purple permanent ftaim Tips with a fmall black gland. Shafts yellow. Summits purple. With. Hypericum ter tium. TEAG.75. (St.) St. Peter s-wort. — Moift hedges and fhady places. P. July. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. HYPER'ICUM perfora'tum. Shafts 3. Stem 2-edged. common Leaves blunt, with tranfparents dots. — ■ Ludw. n .—Curt. i. 2.— Mill. ill.—Blackw. 15.— Dod. 76. 1, repr.in Lob. obf. 216. 1, ic. i. 398. 1, Ger. em. 539. 1, and cop. in Park. 573. 1, and Pet. 60.' 5— Matth. 936. — Ger. 432. 1. — Fv.chf.831, cop. in Trag. 72. 1, and H. ox. v. 6. 1. — (Lonic. i. 129, is H. crifpum, and Trag. 73. 1, H. qua- drangulare.) Tips with a black dot. Summit blood-colourcd. Linn. — Empal. dcfiitute of glands. Chives in 3 fets. Relh. — Stem much branched, fomcwhat 2-edged. Branches oppofite. Leaves elliptical, or egg- fhaped, oppofite, fitting. Floral-lecres in pairs, awl-fhaped. Empal. fegments fpear-fhaped. Petals, the back and edges fre- quently marked with black dots or lines. .Mr. Woodw, — Whole plant quite free from hairs. Stems upright, nearly cylindrical, the edges running from the bafe of the leaves to the bottom of the knot below, befet above rvith fmall black dots. Leaves in crofs pairs, oblong, rounded at the end, with 7, and fometimes 5, femi- POLYA.DELPHIA POLYANDRIA. fcmi-tranfparent lines, with feveral black dots near the edges on on the under fide; the femi-tranfparent dots numerous. Fruit- jlalks from the bofom of the upper leaves. Empal. fegments fpear- fhaped, ending in a taper point. Petals ribbed, fet near the edges with dark purple glands, one of the Tides very entire at the edge, the other ferrated. Chives 30 or more. Tips with a globular black gland at the top between the lobes. Seed-bud egg-lhaped. Shafts thread-fhaped, yellow. Summits c rimfon. With. — Leaves, when ' cultivated the dots are fometimes red. Flowers open both night and day. Tips double, yellow. St. 'John s-wdrt. — Thickets, woods, and hedges. P. July. This plant has long held a place in the materia medica, but its ufe is very much undetermined. The femi-tranfparent dots, on the leaves, are the receptacles of an effential oil. The leaves, given in fubftance, are faid to deftroy worms. The flowers tinge fpirits and oils of a fine purple colour, which is probably derived from the little glands upon the tips, and upon the edges of the petals. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. trailing HYPERTCUM humifufum. Shafts 3. Flowers folitary, from the bofom of the leaves. Stems 2-edged, proftrate, thread-fhaped. Leaves fmooth. — Curt. iii. 28. — FI. dann 1 4 1 , as when firjl beginning to blojfom. — Cluf. ii. 1 8 1 . 3, repr. in Dod. 76. 2, Lob. ic. i. 400. 1, Ger. em. 541. 4, and cop ■ in Pet. 60. 8. — Trag. 72. 2. — J. B. iii. 386. 1, cop. in H. ox. v. 6. 3. Very nearly allied to H. perforatum, but flowers folitary, from the bofom of the leaves, and the leaves without tranfparent points. Linn. — Leaves, when examined with a magnifying glafs, with tranlparent dots, and befet along the edge with black dots. Em- palement with black dots and glands. Petals with glands, fcored underneath towards the point with red veins. Relhan. — Stejns numerous. Leaves oppofite, fitting, egg-fhaped, or bluntly oval, entire, witli 7 veins, with femi-tranfparent dots not diftinguilh- able but with a glafs and a ftrong light. Fruit-flalks alfo terminat- ing. Floral-leaves none. Empalement divided almoft to the bafe; fegments bluYitly fpear-flnped, marked on the back and edges with black dots. Petals, edges befet with black dots. Mr. Woodw. — Leaves with tranfparent dots. Mr. Hollefear. — Leaves fome- , what dotted; dots tranfparent, fcattered, moftly folitary. Stems often afeending, fometimes 8 inches long. Sr.— Stems fomewhat flatted. Leaves oblong, fmooth, fet with glands near the edges, fcored with femi-tranfparent lines. Flowers fometimes in pairs. Empalf i THREADS in many SETS, MANY CHIVES. Empal. fegments unequal, fpear-fhaped, terminated by a very fmall point, a little toothed at the edges, marked with dark purple fpots and ftreaks. Petals yellow, with a tinge of red on the outfide fet with a few blackifh glands at the end. Chives in 3 fets, 5 or 6 in each. Tips without glands. Summit fomctimes tinged with red. Cu£/ide egg-fhaped. With. Meadows, paftures, heaths, [and woods, as Ronck’s Wood, near Worcefter. St.— Stufton Common, near Difs, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward. — Malvern Common, Worcefterlhire. Mr. Ballard.] _ * P. July! 2. Leaves growing by threes. With. HYPER'ICUM elo'des. Shafts 3. Stem cylindri- marfh cal, creeping, woolly. Leaves woolly, roundifh.— ' J Pet. Go. 12. Stems downy, creeping far, throwing out roots from the fpaces between the joints, a fpan high, fomewhat branched. Leaves oppolite, litting, libbed, very entire. Panic^terminating, with few dowers. Floral-leaves with red glands. \Empalement with 5 clefts, fcored, fomewhat reddifh. Blofs. golden yellow, feldom expanded, but rolled fpirally inwards. Relhan,— Stems trailing and creeping. Flowering branches afcending, 5 or 6 inches high. Leaves fitting, frequently nightly nicked at the end, with 5 ribs, and with dots not vilible but with a glafs, and held againft a flrong light. Flowers few in a panicle. Panicle branched, leaflets. Floral- leaves oval-fpear-lhaped, minute, reddifh, edged with red glands, a pair beneath each divifion. Empalement reddifh, about i-qth as long as the blolTom, deeply divided; fegments oval, edged with minute red glands. Blofs. reddifh yellow, ufually clofed, twilled fpirally, fometimes merely folded up. Mr. Woodward.— Leaves, dots circular, exceedingly minute, fcarcely vilible to the naked eye. St. Stem 3 to 8 inches long. Leaves oppolite. Fruit-Jlalks fmooth, terminating. Floral-leaves coloured, glandular. Empal. fegments ferrated with reddifh glands. Petals yellow, with 8 greenilh lines, and a fmall greenifh gland on the inner fide of the claw. Threads in 3 fets, about 3 in one fet, 4 in another, and 5 in the third. With. Marlhy places, in a peaty fpongy foil. [Bogs in Norfolk, not unfrequent. Boggy ground near Norwich. Mr. Woodward.— Birmingham Heath. With. St.] p tuj H/iPErR ICUM mconta'num- Shafts 3. Empal. with mountain glandular ferratures. Stem cylindrical, upright. Leaves egg-fhaped, fmooth.— , it POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Fl. dan. 173.— Frtig. 73. 3— Pet. 60. 7 .—J. B. iii. 383. 2.— H. ox. V. 6. 9, leaves too pointed.— Fuchf. 7 ^.—(Matth. 938, more refembles H. hircinum. — Fuchf. 76, cop. in J. B. iii. 382. 2, is a different fpecies.J Its height and ftrucfture fo conformable with that of H. hirfulm, would induce one to fuppofe the one to have originated from the other, but the jloral-leaves at the top of the ftem are fmall, and ' fringed with glandular hairs, which is not the cafe- with H. hirfutum. Linn. — Stem upright, cylindrical, fmooth. Leaves in pairs, lit- ting, egg-fhaped, the upper egg-fpear-fhaped, fmooth, with 7 ribs, and a net-work of veins, the edges fet with black dots. Flowers in panicles. Panicles branched, terminating, or from the bofom of the upper-leaves. Floral-leaves, fruit-flalks, and empalements befet with ftrong hairs, each terminated by a black gland. Empal. divided almoft to the bafe; fegments fpear-fhaped, pointed. Mr. Woodward. — Upper-leaves with numerous, minute, circular, tranfparent dots, vifible to tire naked eye, in the lowermoft pairs only dotted towards the bafe. Blofs. yellow. St. Woods and thickets, in mountainous fituations. Frequent in the weft of England. Charlton Wood. Above Bwrdd Arthur, Anglefea. ftjr. Daviets in Penn. Whies II. — Syke’s Wood, near Ingleton, Yorkfhire. Curt.— Hedge banks and tides of woods about Perfbore and Bredon Hill, Worcefterlhire. Nash.— [Bath Hills, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. hairy HYPER'ICUM hirfu'tum. Shafts 3. Empalements with glandular ferratures. Stem cylindrical, upright. Leaves egg-fhaped, fomewhat downy. — Pet. 60. 10.— H. ox. v. 6. n .—Fl. dan. 802, reprefentcd as per- fectly fmooth, and the leaves too pointed.— Fuchf. 76, cop. in J. B. iii. 382. 2.— (Frag. 73. 3, is H. montanum.—Matth. 937, ■ cop. in Dod. 78. 1, which repr. in Lob. obf. 216. 3, ic. i. 399, 1 , are H. quadr angular e ; and Frag. 73. 2, feems to be the fame fpecies.J Th e flowers clofe in the night, which thofe of the H. perforatum do not. Linn.— The uppermoft leaves,, and the leaves of the empalement, befet with glands. Relhan. — Refembles H. montanum in growth and the fhape of the leaves, but larger. Stem and leaves woolly. Fleweriiig branches from the bofom of the upper-leaves. Flowers more numerous. Panicle loofer and more branched. Empal. and f oral-leaves with black glands; glands fitting, except a few on fhort foot-ftalks. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves with tranfparent un- - equal dots. St. — Stem upright, nearly cylindrical, withabrown- ilh fhort wool. Leaves in crofs pairs, thole of the ftem egg-fhaped, • broader THREADS in many SETS, MANY CHIVES. 8 broader than thofe of H. perforatum, rough with fhort hair, with 7 or 9 ribs, and numerous femi-tranfparent dots; thofe of the branches fpear-fhaped. Floral-leaves with glandular ferratures at the edges. Empal. fegments fpear-fhaped, with about 12 glands on each. Petals yellow, entire, with 6 or 8 ribs, and a few black glands at the end. Chives about 24. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shafts thread-fhaped, yellow. Sumnits crimfon. With. Thickets and hedges. P. June. July. t Sheep eat it. Horfes refufe it. HYPER'ICUM pul' chtum. Shafts 3. Empalements upright with glandular ferratures. Stem cylindrical. Leaves ^ embracing the item, heart-fhaped, fmooth. — Curt. i. 1. — FI. dan. 75. — Wale. — Frag. 74, cop. in Pet. 60. 6, Lonic. i. 130. 2, J. B. iii. 383. 1. Whole plant fmooth. Leaves, viewed with a magnifying glafs, perforated towards the end. Petals all along the edge fupporting black glands, fcored underneath with red veins. Empal. leaves egg-fhaped. Relhakj.— Stem upright, often red. Leaves in diftant pairs, heart or obtufely egg-fhaped, green above, fea-green be- neath, with numerous half tranfparent dots. Flowering branches from the bofom of the upper leaves, flender, with 1 or more flowers at the end, and 1 dr 2 fmall leaves. Eoral-leaves none. Empalement very fhort, deeply divided; fegments oval, blunt; glands black. Petals fet at the edge with black glands. Mr. Woodw. — Stem fmooth. Leaves in opposite pairs. Flowers moftly in three’s. Empalement and petals, edges fet with dark-coloured glands. Threads fhining, yellow, in 3 fets, about 18 in each fet. Tips fcarlet. With. Woods, hedges, and heaths. [Heaths near Norwich. Mr. Crowe.— Heaths in Hertfordfhire. Mr. Wooow.J P. July. 1 Clafs 8 1 8 0 Oafs XIX. SYNGENESIA. - . X TIPS UNITED. rT''HIS Clafs comprehends thofe Flowers which Botanifts -A. have very generally agreed to call Compound. The effential chara6ter of a Compound Flower confifts in the Tips being united fo as to form a Cylinder, and a Jingle Seed being placed upon the Receptacle, under each Floret. The Dandelion and the Thistle are compound Flowers; that is, each of th^fe Flowers are compofed or compounded of a number of fmall Flowers, called Florets. Chara&er of the Flower. Tt is compofed of many Florets, fitting upon a Common Receptacle, and inclofed by i Common Empale- ment. The Surface of the Receptacle is either concave ; fiat; con- vex ; pyramidal ; or globular. It is either Naked, that is, marked only with little dots, as in Dan- delion ; or Hairy, covered with foft upright hairs as in Thistle ; or Chaffy; befet with awl-fh aped, narrow, compreffed, up- right, chaffy fubftances, feparating the Florets, as in Chamomile or Yarrow. The Common Empalement is a Cup which furrounds the Florets and the common Receptacle. (When the Florets have bloffomed it contracts ; but when the Seeds are ripe it expands, and falls back.) It is either Simple ; when formed with only a fingle row of Scales ot Leaves, as in Goats-beard ; Tiled ; when the Scales are numerous, the outer ones gradually growing fhorter and lying upon the inner ones, likethe Tiles upona Houfe, as in Artichoke; Leafy; when a fingle row of equal and longer fegments Hands next to the Florets, »and another row of very Imall fcales furrounds the bafe oT thole -fegments, as in Daisey, The TIPS UNITED. Theftru6tureof the Flo rets that compofe a compound Flower, will be bell underftood by pulling to pieces the liower of a Thiftle, of Dandelion, or of the Sunflower, and comparing the Florets with the following i Natural Charafter of a Floret. Empal. none, but the crown of the feed fitting upon the top of the feed-bud. Bloss. i petal. Tube very (lender and long ; fitting upon the feed-bud. (it is either) 1. Tubular. Border bell-fhaped ; with 5 clefts. Seg- ments refle6ted and expanding, as in Thistle or Burdock. 2. Narrow. Border ftrap-fhaped ; flat ; turned outwards ; lopped at the end ; which is either entire, or marked with 3 or 5 teeth, as in Dandelion or Endive. 3. None. Border wanting; and fometimes the petal is altogether deficient. Chives. ‘Threads 5 ; hair-like; very (hort ; fixed to the neck of the bloflom. Tips 5 ; upright ; ftrap-fhaped ; conne£ted at the fides io as to form a hollow cylinder, as long as the border of the bloflom, and marked at at the top with 5 teeth. Point. Seed-bud oblong; {landing under the blofs. upon the common receptable. Shaft thread-fhaped ; up- right ; as long as the chives ; paflifig through the hollow cylinder formed by the tips. Summit cloven ; the fegments rolled back and expanding. S. Vess. properly fpeaking, none; though, in fome fo- reign Genera, there is a fort of leathery cruft over • the feed. Seed Angle; oblong; frequently with 4 edges ; generally narrower towards the bafe. , Crowned with a Feather, which either confifts of many Undivided hair-like fpokes, placed in a circle, or of ' fpokes that are Branched or radiated. This Feather again is either fupported upon a little Pillar, or elfe Sitting immediately upon the feed. Dandelion. Thistle. with a fmall Cup, which has generally 5 teeth, and is permanent. neither with a Cup, nor with a Feather. Tansev. Obs. Obs. In examining the minuter Florets, the differing Inftru- ments, and the Botanic Microfcope, will be found extremely nfeful. .1 \ ' - The difpofition of the Chives and Pointals varying, occafions the following \ Diftin6Vioi> of Florets. Eloss. Tubular r i . With chives and a pointal. ) 2. With chives, but no pointal. y 3. With a pointal, but no chives. (.4* Neither drives, pointal, nor fummit. Bloss. Narrow f" 1. With chives and a pointal. ) 2. With chives, but no pointal. )3- With a pointal, but no chives. ^4- Neither chives, pointal, nor fummit. From TIPS UNITED. 82 1 From confidering the different ftru&ure of the Florets it is evident, that the compound Flowers may be com-* pofed either OH r 1. Florets Tubular in the centre, with chives and pointals. Tubular in the circumference, with chives and pointals. 2. Florets Tubular in the centre, with chives and pointals. Tubular in the circumference, with only pointals. 3. Florets Tubular in the centre, with chives and pointals. Tubular in the circumference, with neither chives nor pointals. 4. Florets Tubular in the centre, with chives and pointals. Narrovu in the circumference, with chives and pointals. 5. Florets Tubular in the centre, with chives and pointals. Narrow in the circumference, with only pointals. 6. Florets Tubular in the centre, with chives and pointals. Narroiej in the circumference, with neither chives nor pointals. 7. Florets Tubular in the centre, with chives and pointals. Pointals in the circumference without bloffoms. 8. Florets Tubular in the centre, with chives and imperfeft pointals. Pointals in the circumference without bloffoms. 9. Florets Narrow in the centre, with chives and pointals. Narrow in the circumference, with „ ohives and pointals. v Vol. II. 3H The The Orders, therefore, according to the fyftem we have adopted, will be as follows. I. Polygarnia aequalis. Chives, and Pointals equal That is, when all the Florets are furnifhed with Chives and Pointals. (9. 1. 4. of the preceding table.) II. Polygamia fuperflua. Superfluous Pointals. That is, when the Florets in the centre have both Chives and Pointals , but the Florets in the circumference only Pointals. (2. 5. *j . ol the preceding table.) III. Polygamia fruftranea. Barren Florets. That is, when the Florets in the centre have both Chives and and Pointals ; but the Florets in the circumference neither. (3. 6. of the preceding table.) IV. Polygamia neceffaria. Necejfary Pointals. That is, when the Florets in the centre have both Chives and Pointals, but, from fome defeat in the Pointals, produce no Seed. The Florets in the circumference have Pointals only, and produce perfect Seeds. (8. of the preceding table. ) V. Polygamia fegregata. Separated Florets. That is, when fevered Cups filled with florets are contained in another larger cup, fo as to form but 1 flower. VI. Monogamia. Flowers Jimple. That is, when there is only 1 flower in each empal. and thefe not inclofed by another larger empal. lo as to form a comoound flower. Obs. This is a Natural Clafs, except the jaft Order, which, fVom the principles of the Syftem, is neceffarily introduced here. The plants of this Clafs are fuppofed to have various fpecific virtues. Moll of them are bitter; none of them poiionous, except, perhaps, the LAcrucA viroj'a , when growing in fhady fituations. "1 he elafticity of the etnpalement in the Picris, Carduus, and many other genera, is too remarkable to pafs unnoticed by the flighted: obferver. It feems as if the expanfion of the florets firft burft the empalement open, and when thefe wither it clofes again. The Qovvfiy hairs that crown the Seeds, before upright, now be- gin to expand, and, by this expanfion, again open the leaves of the empalement, and bend them quite back. The Seeds now efcape, and the empalement, becoming dry and withered, no longer retains its elaftic power. The 823 TIPS UNITED. The hairy appendages of the Seeds are very properly called Feathers; for, by means of thefe, the Seeds are wafted about in the air, and diffeminated far and wide. The ftrudlure of thefe Feathers deferve our notice: there is hardly a child that is infen- ifible to their beauty in the Leontodon or Dandelion. Order I. POLYGAMIA AQUALIS; CHIVES and POINTALS EQUAL. I * All the Florets Narrow. 1 1 000. Cic'Ho'RiUM Recept. a little chaffy. Feather -with about 5 teeth. Cup double. •997* HypoeHiE'Ris Recept. c haffy. Feather fomewhat downy. Cup tiled. i9^4* T ragopo'gon. Recept. naked. Feather downy. Cup (imple. I986. Pi'cris... Recept. naked. Feather downy. Cup double. 991, Leon'todon Recept. naked. Feather downy. Cup tiled with flexible fcales. 987. Son'ghus Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Cup tiled and bellying. 993* Cre'pis Recept. naked. Feather hairy. * Cup double; with fcales of ' different fhapes. 1990. Prenan'thes Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Cup double; containing about 5 florets. QoS. Lactu'ca Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Cup tiled ; fcales (kinny at the edges. 992. Hiera'cium. .... Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Cup tiled ; egg-fhaped. 998. Lap'sana Recept. naked. Feather o. Cup fur- rounded at the bafe by a lit- tle cup. *)95‘ Hyos'eris Recept. naked. Feather not hairy. Cup nearly equal. 3 H 2 , * * Flowers 824 SYNGE. NESIA. * * Flowers in globular heads. 1008, Carli'na Cup radiate. Rays coloured. 1002. Akc'tium Cup with fcales bent inwards at the points, and hooked. 1004. Car'duus tup with thorny fcales ; diftend- ed. Recept. hairy. 1006. Onopor'dum. Cup with thorny fcales ; diftend- ed. .Recept. like a honey-comb. 1003. Serra'tula Cup with fcales tiled ; (harp, but without thorns ; nearly cylin- drical. f Centaurea nigra. *** All the Florets Tubular. 1015. Eupato'rium. Recept. naked. Feather downy. Cup tiled. Pointal very long. 1023. Athana'sia Recept. chaffy. Feather chaffy. Cup tiled. 1012. Bi'dens Recept. chaffy. Feather with awns. Cup tiled. •f Senecio vulgaris. Tanacetum vulgare. [Tuflilago Petalites. St.] Order II. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA; * v SUPERFLUOUS POINT ALS. * All the Florets Tubular. 1025. Artemis'ia Recept. almoft naked. Feather o. Blofs. in the circumference o. 1024. Tanace'tum Recept. naked. Feather only a fort of border. Blofs. of the circumference with 3 clefts. 1030. Cony'za. Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Blofs. of the circumference with 3 clefts. A 1026. Gnapha'lium. TIPS UNITED. 1026. Gnapha'lium. Recept. naked. Feather downy.} Cup with fkinny concave fcales. f Senecio vulgaris. [Tuflilago Petafites, hybrida. St.] Erigeron, Bidens, gen. pi. ed. vi. * * Florets of the circumference Narrow. 1042. Bel'lis Recept. naked. Feather o. Cup fimple, with equal fcales. J049. Matrica'ria. Recept. naked. Feather o. Cup tiled with fharp fcales. 1048. Chrysan’themum Recept. naked. Feather o. Cup with the inner fcales membra- naceous. 1 1039. Doro'nicum Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Feather of the rays o. 1037. In'ula Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Fips with 2 bridles at the bafe. 1031. Erig'eron Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Blofs. in the circumference very {lender. 1035. Solida'go. Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Blofs. of the circumference about 6; remote. 1036. Cinera'ria Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Cup equal ; fimple. 1033. Sene'cio Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Cup with the fcales dead at the ends. 1032. Tussila'go Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Cup with fomewhat membranace- ous fcales. 1034. As'ter Recept. naked. Feather hairy. Cup a little rough and fcurfy. 1052. An'themis Accept, chaffy. Feather o. Cup hemifpherical. 1033. Achille'a Recept. chaffy. Feather o. Circum- ference containing about 5 flo- rets. Cup oblong. X In fomc fpecies it is hair-like. Gcn.pl. St. ii. ’ 3H3 Order 82 6 , SY. NGENESIA. Order III. i \ POLYGAMIA FRUST RANEA; BARREN FLOREYS . 1066. Centau'rea Recept. briftly. Feather hairy. Blofs. of the circumference tubular. Order IV. t » I ' % . POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA; NECESSART POINT ALS. \ j ' . . ! . I • * I 1079, Fila'go. Recept. naked. Feather o. Florets with Pointals among the fcales of the cup. f Erigeron. [Tuflilago Farfara. St.] Order VI. MONOGAMIA; FLOWERS SIMPLE. 109°. Jasi°'ne Cup common. Blofs. 5 petals; re- gular. Capf. beneath ; 2 cells. 1091. Lobe'lia Cup with 5 teeth. Blofs. 1 petal; irregular. Capf. beneath; 2 cells. 1092. Wo la Cup 5 leaves. Blofs. 5 petals; ir- regular. Capf. fuperior; 3 valves. 1093. Impa'tiens. .... Cup 2 leaves. Blofs. 5 petals; ir- regular. Capf. fuperior; 5 valves. Solanum Dulcamara. Order / Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. Order /. POLYGAMIA JE QU A L I S. CHIVES and POINTALS EQUAL . 984. TRAGOPO'GON. Goats-beard. Empal. common, Ample; leaves 8; fpear-flhaped ; equal; every other handing more inwards ; all united at the bafe. Bloss. compound, tiled; uniform. Florets with chives and pointals numerous; the outer rather longer. Individuals; petal 1 ; narrow; lopped; with 5 teeth. Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a cylinder. Point Seed-bud oblong. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summits 2 ; rolled back. S. Vess. none ; the cup doling ; tapering ; as long as the feeds ; a little diftended. Seeds folitary ; oblong; tapering towards each end; angular; rough; terminated by a long awl-fhaped* pillar fupporting the Feather , which is downy and fiat ; with about 32 fpokes. Recept. naked; flat; rough. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Empalement- fimple. Feather downy. Obs. In fome fpecies the feeds are ftraight, and the cup longer than the blofToms; in others, the feeds crooked, and the cup fhorter than the blolfoms. TRAGOPO'GON praten'fe. Empalements as long yellow as the rays of the blolfom. Leaves entire, quite ftraight. Linn. — When the blojfom is frjl expanded the empalement is as long as the outer florets, but thefe increafmg in length it is after- wards found fhorter. Jacq. vind. 138. Ludw. 49 .—Lonic. i. 95. 4 ,—Fuchf 821, cop. in J. B. ii. 1059. 1, and imitated in Frag. 280 .—Dod. 256. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 297. 2, ic. i. 550. 2, and Ger. em. 735. 2, and cop. in Pet. 15. 6- H. ox. vii. row 1.1, leaves of the empalement exceeding the bloffom. — Mjillh. 537, cop. in Ger. 595. 2. 3H4 Biojoms 828 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^EQUALIS. Blojfoms yellow, expanding about 3 in the morning, and doling between 9 and 10, Linn.— unlefs the Iky is cloudy. Relhan!— Stems cylindrical, fmooth, fcored. Leaves embracing the Item, broad at the bafe,' fuddenly tapering to a long point, grafs-like, keeled, waved at the edges. Empal. fegments pointed, fmooth, in fpecimens gatheied in Huntingdonfhire always exadlly equal with the bloflom, in Norfolk invariably exceeding the bloflbm. The Rems of the latter much fhorter. Are they not diftindl fpecies? Mr. Woodward.— Whole plant fmooth, Riff, ftrong, upright. Leaves very long and narrow, tapering. Empal. leaves purplifli at the edge. Lips purple. Dufl yellow. Seeds crooked. Recept. the glandular fubRances in the little hollows at the bafe of each floret, which, when the blofloms fall, turn brown, the receptacle re- maining white. With. Yellow Goats-beard. Go to Bed at J\'oon. Meadows and paRures. g june Before the Rems fhoot up, the roots, boiled like Afparagus,” have the fame flavour, and are nearly as nutritious. Gows, Sheep, and Horfes eat it. Swine devour it greedily. Goats are not fond of it. ' 1 I : • put pie TRAGOPO'GON porrijo'Iium. Empalements longer than the rays of the bloffom. Leaves entire, quite ilfaight. Fruit-ftalks thickening upwards. Linn.— Florets very narrow, lopped. Murr. //. dan. 797, leaves of the empalement too narrow. — Ger. 595. 1, . ill cop. in Park par. 51 1. 8 -—Matth. 538 .—Dod. 256. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 297. 1; zc. i. 550. x, Ger. em. 735. 1, and cop. in Park. 412, and Pel. i5. 7 and 8. — H. ox. vii. g. 5. Stems cylindrical, fmooth, fcored. Leaner embracing the Rem, broad at the bafe, tapering, thofe of the Rem fliorter than in T. pratenfe, fcarcely longer than the fpace between the joints. Empal. leaves pointed, about r-3d longer than the blolTom. Blobs, purple. Mr. Woodward. r r Salfafy.— Meadows and paRures. In Cornwall, and fields about Carlifle and Rofe-CaRle, Cumberl. Marfhes near Long-Reach, below Woolwich, and meadows near Edmonton. [In upland paRures not unfrequent. Mr. Woodward.] B. May.. The loots aie efculent, and when cultivated in gardens are called Salfafie. 986, PI'C RTS. \ N I Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. 986. P I'C R I S. Ox-tongue. Em pal. common, double; the outeY large ; with 5 heart- . fhaped, flat, flexible, approaching leaves ; the inner tiled ; egg-fhaped. Bloss. compound, tiled ; uniform. Florets with chives and pointals; numerous. Individuals ; petal 1; narrow; ft rap -fhaped ; lopped; with 5 teeth. Chives. ‘Threads 5; hair-like; veryfhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud nearly egg-fhaped. Shaft as long as the chives. Summits 2 ; reflected. S. Vess. none. The Cup unchanged contains the feeds. Seeds folitary ; diftended ; blunt; furrowed tranfverfely. Feather downy. p Recept. naked. ^ Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Empalement with an outer cup. Feather doivny. Seeds tranfverfely furrowed. Linn. Empalement double ; the outer very large, of 5 leaves, the inner tiled. Feather on a foot-jlalk. Huds. P I'C R I S echioi'des. Outer empalement of 5 leaves, larger than the inner; the inner awned. — Curt. iii. 25. — Pet. 12. 12. — Ger. 655. 2.— J. B. ii. 1029. 1. — Lob. ic. i. 577. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 798.-2, and cop. in H.ox. vii. 5. 38. Leaves undivided, embracing the ilem. Outer empal. leaves fame- what heart-fhaped, thorny pinner with 8 angles; leaves 8, keeled, with awns from below the point, on the outfide as many final! fmooth leaves. Flowers expand at 7 m the morning. Linn. — Root- leaves oval, fcolloped, ftiff, with numerous warty protuberances, which, asalfothe ribs and edges, fet with fhort thorn-like hairs. Stem firm, cylindrical, fcored, ufually purplifh, much branched; with fcattered, ftiff, thorn-like hairs. Leaves heart-fpear-fhaped, waved at the edge, fet with fharp ftiff hairs, particularly on the edge and mid-rib. llowers lingle, on fruit-ftalks. Fruit-Jlalks fome- what thickening upwards. Empal. leaves of the outer heart-fhaped, taper-pointed, ending in a fharp awn, very much expanding, fringed with ftiff hairs; feales of the inner fringed on the back. Feather of the length of the inner empalement, on a foot-ftalk 3 or 4 lines long. Seeds fhining, very beautiful when viewed with a glafs. 829 common 830 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA /EQUALIS. / • glafs. Mr. Woodward.— The fmaller hairs of the Jlem-leaves and fruit-Jlalks terminated by many pointed hooks, (glochides) the hooks 2 to 4, bent downwards. St.— Blofoms yellow, expanding at 4 or 5 in the morning, and never doling before noon; fome- times they remain open till 9 at night. Lang de boeuf. Borders of corn fields. A. July. Aug. This is an agreeable pot-herb when young. The juice is milky, but not too acrid. Hawkweed PI'CRIS Hieracioi'des. Empalements loofe. Leaves entire. Fruit-ftalks fcaly up to the empalement.— Ger. 234. 8, imitated in Ger. em. 298. 7. — J. B. ii. 1029. 2. (In Ger. 222. 2, the empalements are clojely tiled.) Leaves fpear-fhaped. Fruit-ftalks with fcattered awl-fhaped fcales up to tne empalement, till the empalemement becomes nearly tiled. Feather fiercely downy. Linn.— Stem firm, fcored, rough with ftifF hairs. Leaves rough, the lower on leaf-ftalks, the upper fitting, fpear-fhaped, pointed, toothed; the uppermoft ftrap-fpear- fhaped. Fruit-ftalks branched, each branch bearing 1 flower. Empalement fcarcely to be called double, the loofe fcales on the top , of the fruit-ftalk approaching to and at length tiled with the empal. the leaves of the inner row nearly ftrap-fhaped, parallel, hairy on ' thf outfide, exactly the length of the feather. Feather fitting, thinly downy. Seeds longitudinally and tranfverfely furrowed, Mr. Woodward. — Stem ft iff. Branches fhorter than the Hem. Leaves waved at the edge, the lower fcolloped and toothed, the upper toothed. Empal. the outer as fhort again as the inner; leaves about 13, ftrap-fhaped; the inner, leaves about the fame number, ftrap-fhaped, approaching, //airs of the whole plant moftly ter- minated by many pointed hooks;- (glochides) the hooks bowed down, or expanding, moftly 2. St. Hedypnois Hieracioides. Huds. }ellow Succory. Borders of corn fields in a calcareous foil, A. July. 987. SON'CHUS. 1 I Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. g8y. SON'CHUS. Sowthiftle. Empal. common, diftended and hunched; with many ftrap-fhaped, unequal fcales. Bloss. compound, tiled; uniform. Florets with chives and pointals ; numerous ; equal. Individuals ; petal i ; narrow ; lopped ; with 5 teeth. Chives. Threads 5 ; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud fomewhat egg-fhaped. Shaft thread- (liaped ; as long as the chives. Summits 2 ; reflected. S. Vess. none ; the cup doling forms a comprelfed globe, but tapering. Seeds folitary; rather long. Feather hairy. Rec.ept. naked. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Empalement tiled; bellying. Feather hairy. I r SON'CHUS paluftris. Fruit-llalks and empal. marjk rough with hair, in a fort of rundle. Leaves notched, arrow-fhaped at the bafe. Linn, fp.pl. St. — Inllead of arrow-fhaped is awned in the 3 lajl editions of Syjl. veg. St. Curt. v. 51. — fl. dan. 606. — Pet. 14. 7. — Cluf. ii. 147. 3, repr. in Ger. em. 294. 9, and cop. in Park. 808. 2, and FI. ox. vi. g. row 3. 1 1 . In habit it is very diftindl from S. arvenfts, but its flructture is fo much the fame, that one might fuppofe the S. palujlris to have originated from aruenfis. Flowers cluttered, expand at 6 or 7, and clofe at 2 in the afternoon. Linn. — Root not creeping. Stems feveral, 6 to 10 feet' high. Hairs terminated by globules. Curt. — Root when old forming a large ftool. Stems 4 to 8 feet high. Lower Jiem-leaves very lafge; upper arrow-fhaped and em- bracing the ftem at the bafe, fegments fpear-fhaped, varioully curved, 2 or 3 pair, with a terminating one very long, fmooth, finely toothed at the edge, the principal rib running near the inner edge; the upper-leaves arrow-fpear-fhaped, lengthened out into a long point. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped. Flowers much fmaller than in .S', arvenfts. Empalement hairy; but hairs notfo long nor yellow as in S', arvenfis , terminated by globules. Mr. Woouw.— Blofs. yellow. Watery places and banks of rivers; on thofc of the Thames about Greenwich, Blackwall, and Poplar. P. July. Aug ' SON'CHUS 831 832 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS. corn SON'CHUS arven'fis. Fruit-ftalks and empalements rough with hair, in a fort of rundle. Leaves notched, heart-fhaped at the bafe. — Curt. iv. 45. — Pet. 14. 6. — Fuchf. 319, cop. in J. B. ii. 1018. 1, Lob. obf. ng. 3, ic. i. 237. 1, H. ox. vii. 6. 12, andLonic. 92. 1. — Matth. 765. — Ger. 231. 7, repr.in Ger. em. 294. 8, and cop. in Park. 808. 3. — (FI. dan. 606, is S. paluflris.) Flowers expand between 6 and 7, and clofe between 11 and 12 in the forenoon. Linn. — Root creeping far and wide. Fruit-Jlalks and empalements with long yellow hairs terminated by globules. Curt. St. — Leaves embracing the ftem; fegments triangular, toothed; teeth fharper and more thorny than thofe of S. paluflris; the upper fpear-fhaped, but not tapering out to fo great a length. Flowers in a fort of rundle. Fruit-Jlalks longer. Hairs af the fruit- ftalks and empalements yellow, terminated by globules, more numerous ind longer than in S. paluflris. Empal. leaves more pointed. Seeds oval, compreffed, longitudinally and tranfverfely furrowed. Feather fitting. Mr. Woodward. — Stems rough with glandular brillly hairs. Leaves embracing the ftem, perfectly fmooth, except at the edges, which are almoft thorny. Hairs of the empalements and fruit-ftalks pale green, terminated by yellow globules. With. Tree Sowthiflle. Corn fields and ditch banks. P. Aug. The flowers follow7 the courfe of the fun, very regularly. Cows and Goats eat it. Horfes are very fond of it. * corpmon SON'CHUS olera'ceus. Fruit-ftalks cottony. Empal. fmooth. — x Leaves clofely embracing the ftem. Fruit-Jlalks at length become fmooth. Linn. — Upper-leaves frequently jagged and indented, like by the lower, but not fo deeply. Mr. Woodward. Sowthijlle. Hare's Lettuce. Milkweed. a Icevis. Linn. Leaves fmooth, the lower with winged clefts, the lower fegments long. With. Curt. ii. 21. — Ger. 231. 5.— Cluj. ii. 146. 1, repr. in Dod. 643. 1 , Lob. obf. 1 1 g . 1 , ic. i. 235. 2, Ger. em. 292. 3, and cop. in H. ox. vii. 3. 1. — Pet.'iq.. 10. — Ger. 230. 4. — Matth. 497. Cultivated ground, efpecially in a rich foil, dung-hills, fend alfo in hedges. St.] A. June. Aug. [Bloffoms about the middle of June, continuing till deftroycd by the frofts. S r.] 1 3 Segments fewer, Ray — and the terminating one triangular and very broad. St. FI. 833 Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. Fl. dan. 682. — Blackw. 130. — Ger. 230. 3, cop. in Ger. em. 292. 4> Park. 806. 3, J. B. ii. 1016. 1, H. ox. vii. 3. row i: 2, and Pet. 14. 8. — Matth. 496, S. afpera. Sonchus Idevis minor paucioribus laciniis. R. fyn. 163. (St.) With a,. Ray. St. — [Flowers at the fame time as «. St.] y ajper. Linn. — Leaves prickly, jagged. Ray. St. — Leaves fhining on the upper furface, the edge waved and let with thorny teeth; the lower lobes rounded. With. , Fl.-dan. 843. — Blackw. 30. — Ger. 229. 2, imitated in Park. 22g. 2. — FuchJ. 675, improved in J. B. ii. 1016. 2. — Pet. 14. 5. Stem 2 to 3 feet high, upright, thick, angular; the angles thin, fkinny, tinged with purple. Leaves with winged clefts; fegments varioufly jagged and toothed, fome extending almoft to the mid- rib, the lower-leaves a foot long; mid-rib broad, white, and fmooth. Fruit-Jlalks i oon loling their cotton. Empal. fcales each with 2 or 3 little thorns on the back. With. Sonchus ajper lacinialus. R. fyn. 163. — Sonchus ajperior. Ger. em. 291, defer. (St.) [Uncultivated ground, lides of roads and hedges. May, about the latter end. St!] 5 Linn. — Leaves prickly, entire. St. FuchJ. 674. — Dod. 643. 3, repr. in Lob. obf. 118. 3, ic. i. 235. 1, Ger. em. 2gi. 2, and cop. inj. B. ii. 1014. 2, Park. 803. i, H. ox. vii. 2. row 3. 5, and, Pet. 14. 4. — Lome. i. 93. 1. — Dod. 643. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 1 18. 2, ic. i. 234. 2, and Ger. em. 2gt. 1. — H. ox. vii. 2. 8. Fields, and in woods where the underwood has been cleared. % July to Nov. 20. No other variety growing near it. A Horfe eat it. St. Sonchus ajper non lacinialus. R. fyn. 163. — Sonchus ajper. Ger, em. 291. — Sonchus ajper major non lacinialus. Park. 803. (St.) £ Huns. Leaves inverfely egg-fhaped, tapering below into leaf-ftalks. Pluk. 61. 5, cop. in Pet. 14. 1. Corn fields about London. 6. Leaves ftrap-oblong, rounded at the end. Pluk . 62. 4, cop. in Pet. 14. 3. The leaves are good among!! other pot-herbs. They are a very favourite food with Hares and Rabbits. Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. Horfes are not fond of it. The Aphis Sonchi lives upon it. SON'CHUS alpi'nus. Fruit-ftalks fealy. Flowers blue-fowered in bunches. Leaves notched. — FL 834 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA AEQUALIS. FI. dan. 182. — Cluf. ii. 147. 1, repr.in Ger. em. 294. 7, and cop. in Park. 808. 1. — Park. 807. 1, cop. in J. B. ii. 1006. — Ger. 231. 6, leaves too blunt. Stem generally 5 feet high. Flowers open at 7, andclofeat 12. Linn. — -Blojs. fometimes white. Reich. — Foliage like that of S. cleraceus fi. Leaves terminating; lobes arrow-fhaped-triangular, angles taper-pointed. St. — Fruit-jlalks clammy. Empalement brown. Blcfs. blue. Berk. Sonchus Icevior aujlriacus in, cceruleo flore. Clus. II. '47. — Sonchus fore cceruleo. Ger. 231, and em. 294. — Sonchus alpinus cceruleus. Park. 807. (St.) Mountainous paftures. Borders of corn fields about Willington andHowden Pans, Northumberland. Wa lli s. Korthumb. 186. A. The Laplanders get the Hems before the flowers expand; (trip off the bark and eat them ; but they are much improved by the ad- dition of oil and vinegar. It communicates a bitter tafte to the milk of cattle that are fed with it. — Cows, Goats, and Swine eat it. Horfes and Sheep are very fond of it. Mod of the fpecies nourifh the Aphis Sonchi. 988. LACTU'CA. Lettuce. Em pal. common, tiled; fomewhat cylindrical; fcales many ; tapering to a point. Bloss. compound, tiled; uniform. Florets with chives and pointals; many; equal. Individuals; petal 1; narrow; lopped; with 4 or 5 teeth. 1 Chives. Threads 5; hair-like ; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. \ Point. Seed-hud fomewhat egg-fir aped. Shaft thread- draped ; as long as the chives. Summits 2 ; refle6ted. S. Vess. none. Cup doling; egg-draped; cylindrical. Seeds folitary ; egg-diaped; taper; compreffed. Feather hairy ; lirnple. Pillar long ; tapering at the bottom. Recept. naked. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Empalement tiled ; cylindri- cal : with a membranaceous edge. Feather Jimple ; on a foot-Jlalk. Seeds fmooth. /, > * mild-fceJed LACTU'CA Scari'ola. Leaves perpendicular, the keel prickly. — Fuchf. Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. 835 Fuckf. 301, cop. in DoJ. 646, which repr. in Ger. cm. 309. 3, and cop. alfo in J. B. ii. 1003, Pet. 15. 3, and H. ox. vii. 2. 17.— Matth. 522. — Lob.obJ. 118. 1, repr. in ic. i. 234. — Park. 814. 2.— Barr. 13 5.— Irag. 259 .—(Matth. 522, jrom its expanding branches Jheuld feem to be L. virofa.J Leaves, the lowermoft alfo indented. Ray. — Stem-leaves con- ftantly with deeper winged clefts than thofe of L. viroja. Flowering branches pointing upwards, not expanding. Flowers fmaller. Foot-ftalk of the feather much fhorter. Mr. Woodw. — Blojs. yellow. On rubbifh, fides of corn fields, ditch banks, and ftony ground. Ifle of Ely. B. Aug. /3 Huds. but Ray fays it grows with the former of the 2 preceding fpecies, which is L. viroja , “ of which it is a variety.” St. LACTU'CA viro'fa. Leaves horizontal, toothed; Jlrong-fcented keel prickly. — Collin obf. vi. prcef. p. ix. — J. B. ii. 1002, cop. in Pet. 15. 2. — H. ox. vii. 2. 16. ’ . Stem prickly below. Leaves arrow-fhaped, fitting, the edge, and efpecially the keel, prickly. A variety of L. Scariola according to M. Gerard, and Haller. Linn. — Leaves, the lowermoft entire, not with winged clefts. Ray. — Stem 2 to 4 feet high. Root-leaves oblong-wedge-fhaped, toothed at the edge; Jlem-leaves arrow-fhap- ed, embracing the Hem, either entire or with winged clefts, fharply toothed; fiower-leaves arrow-fhaped, half embracing the item, broad at the bafe, tapering to a fharp point, 1 at the bafe of each flowering branch. Flowering branches expanding. Flowers fitting, or on fhort fruit-ftalks. Floral-leaves fimilar to the Hem- leaves but fmaller, 1 at the bafe of each fruit-ftalk, and others ftill fmaller on the fruit-ftalks. Empal. fcales unequal, fpear-fhaped. Seeds furrowed and rough. Mr. Woodward. — Blojs. numerous, yellow, opening about 7, and doling about 10 in the forenoon. Seeds black. — Wild Lettuce. Ditch banks. Borders of fields. [In a ftone quarry at Thorp Arch, Yorkfhire. Mr. Wood. — World’s End, near Stepney, and banks of the Thames between Blackwall and Woolwich. Mr. Jones. — Old walls in Bungay, Suff. Mr.WooDW.] B. July. Aug. The juice fmells dike opium. It is milky, acrid, and bitter. Dr. Collin relates 24 cafes of dropfyy out of which 23 were cured by taking the extradl prepared from the expreffed juice, in dofes from 18 grains to 3 dramt in the 24 hours. It commonly proves ■laxative, promotes urine and gentle fweats, and removes the thirft. It muft be prepared when the plant is in flower. 2. Leaves 836 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA /EQUALLS. 2 *. Leaves entire. St. Pet. 15. 1. — Trag. 268, cop. in Lonic. i. 91. 3. — Lob. adv. 89, repr.in ic. i. 241. i, Ger. em. 309. 1, and cop. in Park. 813. L. Scariola ft Huds. With variety 1, but lefs frequent. Ray. narrcrwleaved L ACTU'CA Jalifna. Leaves halberd-ftrap-fhaped, fitting; the keel prickly, Linn. — not always Jo. Scop. Mr. Woodward. Sr. Jacq. Jl. iii. 250. — Hall. jen. 4. at p. 207. — C. B. pr. 68. 1, cop. in Park. 783. 4, H. ox. vii. 6. 18, and Pet. 15. 4. Leaves perpendicular, nearly as in L. Scariola. Linn. — Leaves arrow-fhaped at the bafe; the lower with winged clefts; fegments few, alternate, ftrap-fhaped, finely toothed, with a fharp point at the end, fomewhat hooked, the terminating one long; the up- per entire, ftrap-fhaped. Floral-leaves arrow-fhaped, broad at the bafe, tapering to a point. Flowers nearly fitting, fmall. Mr. Woodward. — Blofs. yellow. Ditch banks and paftures in a chalky foil. A. Aug. The phahena Gamma , and Caja; and the Aphis LaSlucce, live upon x thefe fpecies. 990. PRENAN'THES. Ivy-leaf. Em pal. coijimon, double; cylindrical; fmooth; the feales of the cylinder equal in number to the florets ,\ the feales of the bafe few; unequal; very fliort. Bloss. compound, generally confiding of a Angle row of florets. Florets 5 to 8 ; with chives and pointals ; , equal ; Handing in a circle. Individuals ; petal i; narrow; lopped; with 4 teeth. Chives. 'Threads 5; hair-like; very fliort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud nearly egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; longer than the chives. Summit cloven ; refle£ted. S.Vess. none. Cup cylindrical ; clofing a little at the rim. , Seeds folitary ; heart-fliaped. Feather hairy. Recept. naked. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Empalement with a /mailer * ' one at the bafe. Feather Jimple ; mojlly fitting. Florets in a Jingle row. Obs. Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. Obs. In fome fpecies the feather is fupported by a pillar. PRENAN'THES mura'lis. Florets 5 . Leaves wall notched. — Curt. v. 52.— Ft. dan. 512.-Cluf.ii. 146. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 1 19. 2, ic. i. 236. 1, Ger. em. 293. 5, and cop. in Park. 805. 2, J. B. ii. 1004, and Pet. 15. s.—fMattk. 498, is a different plant.) Feather Ample, on a pillar, Linn.— on a very fhort foot-ftalk. Curt. Mr. Woodward. — Whole plant fmooth, 1 to 2 feet high. Boot-leaves on long leaf-ftalks, deeply notched; lower fegments few, fraall, fomewhat oval, the terminating one large, fomewhat triangular, with 5 lobes, refembling the leaves of Ivy in its creep- ing Hate; ftem-leaves embracing the ftem, the terminating one longer and more pointed. Flowering branches fub-divided. Fruit- Jlalks flender, each with 1 flower. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, mi- nute. Empal. the outer, fcales 3, oval; the inner ftrap-fhaped, with membranaceous edges. Seeds inverfely-egg-fhaped, furrowed, black. Feather of the length of the inner empalement. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves, the 2 or 3 uppermoft fometimes fpear- arrow-lhaped. St. — Leaves embracing the ftem , deeply notched; fegments oppofite, toothed, the terminating one largeft. Empal. outer, fcales 3, fpear-fhaped; inner ftrap-lhaped, generally coloured. Seeds oblong, comprefled, fcored. Feather on a flat circular fub- ftance, fupported by a little pillar. With. Fl.angl. ed. II. line the laft, for B. pin. 124, read Park. 805. (St.) Walls and fhady woods. p. July. Cows, Goats, and Horfes eat it. Sheep are very fond of it. 2. Stem-leaves fpear-arrow-fhaped. With. St. — Stems fmooth, purplifh. Branches from the bofom of the leaves. Stem-leaves fmooth, embracing the ftem, the lower toothed, the upper very entire. Floral-leaves arrow-fhaped, at the fub-divifions of the fruit-ftalks. Empal. purple; outer, fcales rarely 4, fpear-fhaped. Blofs. yellow; florets with 5 teeth. Seed-bud heart-fhaped. Feather nearly fitting, but the pillar lengthens as the feed ripens. With. 837 1. I Wol. II. 99*. LEON'- 83S SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA yEQUALIS. common ggi. LEON'TODON. Dandelion. Empal. common, tiled; oblong; the inner fcales ftrap- fhaped ; parallel ; equal ; the outer fewer, and gene- rally reflefted down to the bafe. Bloss. compound, tiled; uniform. Florets with chives and pointals numerous ; the inner ones gradually fhorter. Individuals ; petal i ; narrow ; lopped ; with 5 teeth . Chives. 'Threads 5 ; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud nearly egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the central blolfoms. Summits 2; rolled back. S. Vess. none. Cup oblong; ftraight. Seeds folitary ; oblong; rough. Feather fupported on a little pillar ; downy ; (fitting. Sr.) Recept. naked; dotted. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Empalement tiled; with loofifh fcales. Feather downy, Linn. — -fmple, on a pillar. Huds.* — Receptacle naked. Feather downy, fitting. Empalement tiled. Wiggers. ST.f Obs. In the L. Taraxacum the feather is fimple or hair-like, and the outer fcales of the empalement bent back. In feveral of the other fpecies the feather is downy or radiated, and all the fcales of the empalement upright. Linn. — Feather in the greater part of the fpecies fitting. Reich. LEON'TODON Tarax'acum . Lower fcales of the empalement bent back. Leaves notched, finely toothed, fmooth. — * Referring L. autumnale, bijpxdum , and birtum , to a genus of his own called Hedypttois. t Eflablifhing L. Taraxacum into a new genus, Wrcc. — or rather referring It to Crepis, to which genus, I am perfuaded, it has a more natural affinity, than to the plants with which Linnxus affociated it. The L. Taraxacum being removed, the remaining fpecies will form a genus allied In general habit and affinity with the Hicraciums, but diftinguiflied by the doavry feather of the feed, which correfponds exa&ly with the Ptcitis of Haller. St. Curt. Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. Curt. i. 3. — Mill. ill. — Rlackw. 501. — FI. dan. 574, Jlalk repre- sented as pubefcent. — Wale. — Ger. 228. 1, cop. in Dod. 636. 1, H. ox. vii. 8. row 2. 1 .—Dod. 636. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 1 17. 2, ic. i. 232. 2, Ger. em. 2go. 1, and cop. in Park. 780. 1, and Pet. 11. 7. — Matth. 506. — Fuchf. 680, cop. in J. B. ii. 1035, and frag. 262,—Lonic. i. 92. 2. — Blackw. 1. Feather, fee obfervation on the genus, Linn. — hair-like, on a long pillar. Leers. St. With. — Varies fometimes with leaves toothed, or indented backwards. Hods. — Leaves varying from winged clefts, in a very dry fituation, to nearly entire in a very moift one. Empal. feales perfectly fmooth. Seeds furrowed lon- gitudinally, fharply toothed upwards. Feather on a long pillar; rays Ample. Mr. Woodward. — Stem fomewhat cottony towards the top. Curt. St. — Seeisflat, fcored, prickly towards the top. With. — Blojs. yellow, expanding about 5 or 6 in the morning, and doling early in the afternoon. Dandelion. Pijs-a-bed. — Meadows, paftures, road fides, ditch banks, See. P. April — Sept. Early in the fpring, whilft the leaves are yet white, and hardly unfolded, they are an excellent ingredient in fallads. The French eat the roots, and the blanched leaves, with bread and butter. Children that eat it in the evening experience its diuretic effeds, which is the reafon that other European nations, as well as our- felves, vulgarly call it Pifs-a-bed. — When a fwarm of Locufls had deftroyed the harveft in the Ifland of Minorca, many of the inhabitants fubfifted upon this plant. — The exprelfed juice has been given, to the quantity of 4 ounces, 3 or 4 times a day; and Boerhaave had a great opinion of the utility of this and other la&efcent plants in vifceral obftrudions. Goats eat it. Swine devour it greedily. _ Sheep and Cows are not fond of it. Horfes refufe it. Small Birds are fond of the feeds. The Phalcena Fafcelina, and the Thrips Phyjapus, feed upon it. Linn. P Leaves narrower, fewer, more deeply cloven. Seeds red- difh brown. Ray. Pet. 11. 8. Grows with a. Dens leonis anguflioribus foliis. Park. 780. R. fyn. 171. (St.) v H uds. is Leontodon hifpidum ft of Linn. (St.) $ palujlre. Huns. St. — Empalement fmooth, all the feales upright. Stalk hollow, with 1. Hower. Lyons. Scop. 48. at ii! p. 100. Root-leaves oblong, broader towards the end, pointed, with teeth, fmooth, mid-rib red. Empalement fmooth; outer feales 3 I 2 egg-fhaped, 840 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^EQUALIS. egg-fhaped, pointed, fomewhat membranaceous at the edge; the inner ftrap-fhaped. Lyons. St .—Empal. the lowermoft fcales at firft upright, afterwards bent back. Hu d s. — Stalks about the length of the leaves. Empal. outer row upright, Scop. St.— egg-lhaped. Seeds exadtly fimilar to thofe of a. St. Hedypnois paludofa. Scop. earn. n. 958. — Leonlodon Ran. Gouan. ill. 55. — Leontodon Taraxacum paludojum. Lightf. fl. fcot. 432. — Picris fcapo uniforo, foliis glabris femipinnatis, calyce Icvi Hall. hid. n. 26. (St.) Hinton Moor, Cambridgelhire. Lyons. — Moift places on the {ides of mountains in the Ifle of Skye. Li ghtf. Obs. The above varieties are readily diftinguilhable from other fpecies by the fmooth, tubular, briftly ftalks. Mr. Woodward. autumnal LEON'TODON autumna'le. Stem branched. Fruit-ftalks fealy. Leaves fpear-fhaped, toothed, very entire, fmooth. Linn. — Stem fometimes, though rarely, undivided. Sr. Fuchf. 320, cop. in jf. B. ii. 1031, Frag. 265, and Dod. 639. 4, which repr. in Ger. em. 297. 3, and ill cop. in Lonic. i. 92. 3. — Ger. 233. 4.* — Dod. 639. 3,f repr. in Lob. obj. 120. 1, ic. i. 237. 2, Ger. em. 296. 2. and cop. in Park. 794. 4, and H. ox. vii. 7. 6. — Matth. 76G4 — Bet. 12. 1. — (Fl. dan. 501, is Crepis te£Iorum.)§ Root bitten off as in Scabiofa Succifa. Flowers opening at 7, and doling at 3 in the afternoon. Feather with a kind of pillar, downy. Sp. pi. It is difficult to fay under what genus it fhould be placed. It differs from Scorzonera in its fitting feather, from Crepis in its fimple tiled empalement, and from Leontodon in its fitting downy feather. Linn. f. fuec. Subjedl to the following variations : Leaves toothed, indented-toothed, or with winged clefts; teeth very entire. Empal. fmooth, or hairy. Stem fimple, or branched. Huds. St. — naked or fealy. Huds. — Stems not leafy. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves, teeth pointing, fome forwards, and others backwards, fo that they cannot be faid to be notched. Stem as high again as the leaves, with a fmall ftrap-fhaped leaf, with fometimes 1 or 2 teeth at each fub-divifion. Fruit-Jlalks thickening upwards; fcales fpear-fhaped, keeled, laid to. Empal. leaves with longbrown hairs on the keel. In a barren foil a fpan high, fomewhat branched and the leaves notched; in a richer foil 2 feet high, and the * f J No fcales on the fruit-ftalks. St. § Mr. Woodward. St. as is evident from the leafy ftem and want of fcales on the fruit-ftalks. St. Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. \ the ftem a good deal branched. Retz. St. — Stems upright, or afcending, frequently marked here and there with purplifh blotches. Leaves ftrap-fpear-fhaped, fmooth, lying on the ground. Feather fitting, downy. Pollich. St. — Feather of the feeds of the circumference fitting, thofe of the centre fometimes on a fhort pillar, Cfubjlipitatus.) Leers. — Root on the 2d or 3d year dying at the end, appearing as if bitten off. Stems fometimes thrice as tall as the leaves. Lewes fpear-fhaped, quite fmooth ; teeth biunt- ifh. Flowering branches nearly of an equal height. Empal. inverfely egg-lhaped, tapering downwards, befet with tapering blackilh hairs, and a fmall quantity of cottony down. feather of the central florets fometimes tapering out into a kind of fhort pillar, downy, brownifh white, which colour readily diftinguifhes it from Hypo- chetris radicata, which it very much refembles, and the others of the fame tribe which flower in the meadows at the fame time. St. — Root thick, fending out lateral fibres. Leaves nearly ftrap-lhaped, fmooth; hairs Ample. Stem and fruit-ftalks flightly fcored, fmooth. Fruit-ftalks moftly forked; the fcales refembling the outer ones of the empalement. Empal. the outer fcales much fhorter, upright, a little hairy at the ends; the inner with a row of longifh black hairs along the back. Florets yellow on both fides; the tubular part a little hairy. Shaft and fummit fet on the upper part with very fhort and exceedingly fine, white, briftly hairs. Feather about the length of the feed, rather longer than the tubular part of the blofs. the down on the hairs extremely fine. Seeds compreffed, fcored. With. Hedypnois autumnale. Huns. Yellow Devil' s-bit. — Meadows and paftures. P. July. Aug. Horfes, Goats, and Swine eat it. Cows and Sheep refufe it. 2. Varies with hairy leaves. Ray. St. With. — Leaves fprinkled on both fides with white fimple hairs. St. With variety 1, and with us the moft common. St. B Huds. Leaves with winged clefts. St. Get. 233. 3, no fcales on the fruit-ftalks.— Pet. 12. 2, a leaf on the ftem jagged. Paftures about London. July. Aug. Hieracium preemorfum laciniatum. R. fyn. 164. — Flier acium nigrum. Tab. Ger. 233. — Hieracium foliis coronopi. C. B. pin. 128. 1. 5. (St.) y Huds. — Dwarf. Leaves pointed. Pet. Pel. 12. 3. Hedges about London. July. Aug. Hieracium folio acuto minus. R. fyn. 164. (St.) 0 Huds.— Dwarf. Leaves blunt, like thofe of L. taraxacum. Pet. 3 1 3 Pet. 841 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA /EQUALIS. Pet. 12. 4. With variety y. July — Aug. e Stem with moftly 1 flower. Empalcment exceedingly hairy, with black hairs. Huds. Hieracium Taraxaci, which fee. rough LEON'TODON hif'pidum. All the fcales of the empalement upright. Leaves toothed, very entire, rough with hair ; hairs forked. — Col. ecph. i. 243, cop. in Park. 798. 8, and H. ox. vii. 7. 12. row 2./. 3, hairinefs of the Jlem and empalement not exprejfed, tho' noticed in the description. — C. B. pr. 66, referred by Linnaeus and Hudfon to L. hirtum; cop. in Park. 798. 5, H. ox. vii. 8. 13, and Pet. 1 1 . 10. — C. B. pr. 63, referred by Linnaeus and Haller to L. hirtum; cop. in Park. 789, leaves better than thofe of the lajl. — J. B. ii. 1038. 2, cop. in H. ox. vii. 7. 14, referred by Linnaeus and Haller to L. hirtum. — FI. dan. 862. — Pet. 11. 9. — J. B. ii. 1038. 1, the fingle head good, the whole plant cop. in H. ox. vii. 7. 13. — Lob. ic. i. 238. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 303. 6, cop. in Park. 788. 4, and H. ox. vii. 8. row 2. /. 4. — The above I give only as reprefentations of our L. hijpidum. 1 do not vouch for their being all intended as Juch by their refpcftive authors. — Fl. dan. and the figures which follow, reprejent it in its more luxuriant, and thofe which precede it in its lefs luxuriant Jlate. A ftrap-fliaped fioral-leaf below the flower, which is not in L. hirtum. Florets of the circumference greenifh on- the outfide. Feather fitting, downy. A plant difficult to make out, from the different fynonyms referred to by different authors. Flowers open at 4 in the morning, and clofe at 3 in the afternoon. Linn. — Leaves on leaf- ftalks, fpear-fhaped, fomewhat hoary; hairs forked and fimple. Florets of the circumference green beneath. Seeds flender, rough, ftriated, the upper part of the ridges toothed, the lower warty ; as long as the feather. Mr. Wood vv. St. — Root bitten off. Stalk 6 to 16 inches high. Leaves indented-toothed. Hairs with 2 or 3 points, or fimple. Empal. with fimple hairs. Feather white, with 11 large rays juft longer than the feed, with as many intermediate ones. St. — Leaves and Jlalks with fine, briftly, forked hairs. Empal. with long white hairs. Florets with a few hairs at the bottom of the border. Feather longer than the tube of the florets. With. Fledypnois hijpidum. Huds. — Hieracium caule aphyllo liirfutum. J. B. II. 1037. (Ray. Hall. Linn. fl. fuec. St.) — (Leontodon hijpidum Gort. ingr. 120, not the plant, as is evident from his defcribing the feather as fupported by a long pillar.) St. Meadows and paftures. P. June. July. . /3 Leaves Tips United, Chives and Pointais equal. /3 Leaves entire, with fometimes fhallow teeth, fpear-fhaped, rough. Linn. Cluj. ii. 141. 2, repr. in Cer. em. 302. 3, and cop. in Park. 799. 12, J.B.ii. 1038, H.ox. vii. 7. 12. row 2./. 4, and Pet. 11. 5, and imitated in Cer. 238. 3. Near the top of y Glyder mountain near Llanberys, Dens leonis montanus angujlifoiius. R. fyn. 171. — Leonlodon Tarax- acum y Hues. — Hieracium incanum , according to Reichard. (St.) B Huds. — C. B. pr. 66, cop. in H. ox. vii. 8. 13, and Pet. 11. 10, referred to by Linnaeus and Hudfon. — C. B. pr. 63, cop. in Park. 789, alfo referred to by Linnaeus and Haller. — J. B. ii. referred to by Linnceus and Haller .* Very much refembling L. hirtlim, but diftindt. Friut-Jlalks and empalements not fo hairy, nearly fmooth. Leaves ft iffifh, and as it were dry to the touch, and the central parts very much curled when dry; fegments flanting; the hairs undivided at the point. Empal. nodding before flowering, channelled when the feeds are ripe; the outermoft feales dilated on each fide at the bafe, with a fold between. Blofs. the florets of the circumference yellow under- neath, and not greenifli. Linn. — Stem 6 inches high. Seeds of the circumference crowned with a fhallow leafy ornament, inftead of a feather; thofe of the centre with a downy feather. Hall. — • Plant very much. like L. hifpidum, but differs as follows : Root bitten off. Leaves yellowi fh green, longer and more crowded, when dried waved and crumpled; hairs moftly Ample, but if examined with a glafs fome will be found to be cloven at the point; teeth fhorter, flanting upwards, not downwards as in L. hifpidum. Stalk fmooth, not fo obvioufly fcored, without any floral-leaf. Flower fmaller. Empalement fmooth, except a few hairs at the bafe; feales 13, fpear-fhaped, flattifh, with as many very fmall ones on the outfide, dilated at the bafe, and laid to. Blojfoms of the circumference equal in number to the feales of the empalement, livid underneath, and at length yellow; the fummits not projecting beyond the tips; and the feeds thickifh, whitilh, fcarcely rough, crowned. Blojfoms of the centre as fmall again ; the fummits rolled back; the feeds blen- der, brownifh, rough; the feather fitting, but in the innermofi: on a very fhort pillar; rays 13, fpear-fhaped at the bafe; downy outwards, as many placed alternately fhorter and Ample. Leers. — Leaves aim oft with winged clefts, green, not hoary;, hairs fome- times forked. Florets fcarcely green on the back. Seeds fhorter than the feather. Mr. Woodward. — If the plant thus deferibed by Haller and Leers be the L. hirlum of Linnaeus, I h^ve not feen it, 843 * FI. dan. 862, — II. ox. vii. 8, row 2. /. 4. Mr, Woodward, 3 1 4 / SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. it, and am inclined to believe that Mr. Hudfon’s plant is only a variety of L. hifpidum with Ample hairs. St. Hedypnois hifpidum hirtum (3 Huds. — Leontodon hirlum Linn, ac- cording to Mr. Hudfon. (St.) gg<2. HIERA'CIUM. Hawk-weed. s * Empal. common, tiled; cylindrical; fcales many; ftrap- (haped ; very unequal ; lying lengthways one over another. Bloss. compound, tiled ; uniform. Florets with chives and pointals; numerous; equal. Individuals; petal i; narrow; lopped; with 5 teeth. Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud nearly egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped; as long as the chives. Summits 2 ; bent back. S. Vess. none. Cup clofing; egg-fhaped. Seeds folitary ; with 4 blunt edges ; fhort. Feather hairy. Recept. naked. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Empalement tiled; egg- fhaped. Feather Jimple; fitting. * Stalk naked ; fuppordng a J, ingle flower, v'vntain HIERA'CIUM alpi'num. Leaves oblong, entire, toothed. Stalk almoft naked, with a fingle flower. Em- palement hairy. — Lighfl. 18. at p. 434. — Col. ii. 30. 1, cop. in H. ox. vii. 7. 5, and Pet. 1 1. 2. — Ray 6. 2. at p. 168. — (FI. dan. 27, is referred to in the fyfl. veg. and fl. angl. but omitted, and itfliould feem very properly, by Mr. Lightfoot. — Jacq.fl.u. igi, is H. alpeflre.) Leaves egg-oblong, (lightly toothed, fprinkled on both fides with white expanding hairs. Stalk thick, fprinkled with white hairs brown at the bafe. Floral-leaves fmall, 1 or 2 on the upper part of the ftalk. Empalement fwoln, with numerous white projecting hairs. Blofs. yellow. Linn. — Empalement concealed as it were by its hairs. Murr. Mountains near the fummits in dry foil. Rocks on Glyder and Trigfylchau near Llanberys, on Ben Croochid and near Loch Awe, and many other of the Highland mountains. Llyn y Cwyn near Snowdon. Pknn. P. July. Aug, HIERA'- Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. HIERA'CIUM Tarax'aci. Leaves fpear-fhaped, toothed, fmooth. Stalk almoft naked, with i flower. Empalement hairy. — Doubtful whether a hybrid plant, or a new fpecies. The leaves are fo much like thofe ol L. autumnale, and the jlalk and Jlowers fo exactly like thofe of Hieracium alpinum, that if the ftalk and flower of the latter were added to the leaves of the former, jou would have a fair fpecimen of the plant in queftion. Leaves , teeth, fome fhorter, others longilh, often bent forwards. Stalk with the minute rudiments of leaves, hairy, thickening towards the flower, fwelling at the end like the empalement, with brown hairs. En- tirely different from L. aureum , the empalement being very much tiled, which can hardly be faid of L. aureum or autumnale. Linn. — Empalement exceedingly hairy, Hall. — fwoln and concealed as it were by the hairs. Mure. — Feather fitting, downy. Lightf. Hedypnois autumnale Taraxaci Huds. which fee. Sides of mountains in wet ground, but not common, in Wales. .Ben-na-Caillich mountain in the Ifle of Skye. P. July. HIERA'CIUM Pilofel'la. Leaves very entire, egg- (haped, cottony underneath. Suckers creeping. Stalk with i flower. — Curt. iv. 47. — Ludw. 144. — Wale. — -Blacks). 365. — Fuchf. Cog, cop. in Frag. 278, Lonic. i. 95. 3, and J. B. ii. 1039. — Park. 6go. 2, cop. in H. ox. vii. 8. 3, and Pet. 11. 1. — Dod. 67, repr. in Lob. 254. 1 ; ic. i. 479. 1, Ger. em. 638. 2, and cop. in Park. 6go. 1, H. ox. vii. 8. row 1 ./. 1, and alfo in Ger. 5i 3- 2- Blojs. red on the outfide, opening at 8 in the morning, and clofing about 2 in the afternoon. Linn. — Leaves concave, with fcattered long hairs arifing from glands, white underneath with a thick clofe cotton. Suckers covered with cotton, and befet with hairs, lying clofe to the ground, not throwing out flowering Items in the autumn, as H. dubium and H. Auricula. Florets with a broad purple ftripe on the under fide. Mr. Woodward. — Empal. hairs terminated by black globular fubftances. W ith. — Blojs. pale yel- low within. Empalement thick fet with black hairs. Creeping Mcuje-ear. Very dry meadows and paftures, and walls. P. May — Sept. This differs from the other ladtefcent plants, being lefs bitter, and more aflringent. — It is eltcemed hurtful to Sheep. — An infecfl of the Cochineal genus (Coccus polonicus ) is often found at the roots. Aft. Upjal 1752. — Goats eat it. Sheep arc not fond of it. Horfcs and Cows refufe it. 84.5 Dcvil’s-bit Moufc-car * * Stalk 846 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA /EQUALIS. * * Stalk naked, fupporfing fever al flowers. creeping' HIERA'CIUM du'bium . Leaves entire, egg- oblong. Suckers creeping. Stalk naked, with many flowers. — Stem rough with hair. Leaves rough with hair, efpecially under- neath. Larger than H. Auricula in all its parts. Occurs but rarely, poftibly a mongrel production, or a variety of fomefpecies or other. Linn. — Has many things in common with the H. Pilofella, but larger, and the leaves hairy underneath, but not cottony. Stalk with 3 to 6 flowers, 6 to 9 inches high, fmooth. Huds. — Leaves inverfely-egg-oblong, tapering downwards, green on both fides, above fet more or lefs with long fcattered hairs. St. — Leaves ob- long-egg-fhaped, longer and narrower than in H. Pilofella, very llightly concave, hairy on both fides, but more fparingly than in H. Pilofella, green above; greyifh, but not cottony underneath. Stalks upright, nearly fmooth below, with moftly 2 flowers, rarely I. Pedicles equal, ftraddling, which, as alfo the empalement's, cloathed with hairs terminated by black globules. Florets pale yellow on both fides. Seeds oval, fcored; feather fitting, as long as the empalement. Such were the appearances in June and July, but in autumn as follows: Suckers throwing out branches, and terminated by a flowering ftem. Branches not rooting, with alternate leafy branches. Stem drooping at the bafe, with 5 and 6 flowers. Fruit-ftalks alternate. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, 1 at the bafe of each flower, and fimilar ones on the fruit-ftalks. Cul- tivated fome years in my garden. The roots received from the North of England for H. dubium. It approaches neareft to that fpecies, and is, I apprehend, that plant, tho’ fomewhat varied. Mr. Woodward. Moiftifh mountainous fituations. Fairfield mountain near Rydall, Weftmoreland. P. July. Aug. Sheep eat it. narrowleaved HIERA'CIUM Auri'cula. Leaves very entire, fpear-fhaped. Suckers creeping. Stalk naked, with many flowers. — Ger. 514. 3 , is the figure referred to by C. B. under the plant cited by Linnaeus. — (Col. eephr. i. 249. 2, is referred to by Haller and Hudfon, but Linnaeus does not cite that or any other figure. Add to this, that Columna's plant is deferibed and figured with 3 leaves on the ftem, has a branched panicle of flowers , and is in all refpefts more like H. cymnfum.J Leaves Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. Leaves pointed, rough with very fmall hairs. Stem and empale- merits befet with black bridles. Being planted in a garden it rofe the next year to 3 feet high, with flowers in a kind of rundle on long fruit-ftalks. Linn. — Root bitten off, with numerous Ample fibres. Suckers leafy. Stalk upright, fcarcely 6 inches high, fome- what hairy, hairs fcattered. Leaves moftly very entire, pointed, naked. Flowers in a panicle, 3 to 6, yellow. Empal. leaves ftrap- fhaped, hairy. Huds. — Is hardly lufficiently 'diftindl from H. dubium. Hall. On mountains. On Dalehead not far from Grafs-mere, Weftmoreland. P. July. Sheep eat it. Cows refufe it. , * * * Stem leafy. HIERA'CIUM murdrum. Stem branched. Root- golden leaves egg-fhaped, toothed. One leaf on the ftem, fmaller. Linn. — Stem fometimes undivided. Stem-leaves fome- times feveral. St. a pnlofiffimum. Cer. em. 304, imitated in H. ox. vii. 5. 54, and Fet. 13. 2. — Trag. 276. — Munt. 233, leaves loo taper pointed. Root Ample. Stem Angle, a foot high, thread-like, not very ftrong, befet with hairs, with a Angle branch, fometimes none. Root-leaves on leaf-ftalks, fomevvhat toothed, befet with fcattered hairs; Jlem-leaves 1 or 2, on the lower part of the ftem, on leaf- ftalks, pointed, toothed, reddiflr underneath. Flowers few, open- ing about 6 in the morning, and cloftng at 2 in the afternoon. Linn. — Root-leaves varying conftderably in fhape, moftly oval- fpear-lhaped, narrowing towards the leaf-ftalk, and with a few large teeth towards the bafe, very entire upwards, hairy on both Aides, and efpecially the mid-rib and leaf-ftalk; fometimes fpotted with large reddifh fpots. Stem cylindrical, folid, firm, Lightly fcored, reddifh towards the bafe, hairy, fometimes naked, or nearly fo, fometimes cloathed with leaves, fimilar to but fmaller than the root-leaves. Flowers in a branched panicle. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, 1 to each fruit-ftalk. Empal. feales ftrap-fpear-Aiaped, the lower fpreading. Blofs. yellow. Seeds nearly cylindrical, furrowed, fmooth, dark purple, as long as the feather; rays as long as the empalement. Mr. Woodward.— Stem cylindrical, about 1 5 inches high, fet with foft hairs, branching at the top into about 4 fruit-ftalks. Stem-leaves 2 or 3. Fruit-ftalks and empalements covered with black briftles, terminated by minute globules. Blofs. the outer florets with yellow hairs at the bottom of the borders With, French 848 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA /EQUALIS. French Lungwort. Golden Lungwort. Woods, old walls, fhady banks, and balks of corn fields. P. July. ft fylvaticum. Linn. — Root-leaves narrower, and more flightly toothed. Stem-leaves feveral. St. Pet. 13. 4. — Lob. obf. 317. 2, repr. in ic. i. 587. 1, Ger. em. 304. 2, and cop. in Park. 801 . f. 2, and Pet. 13. 5. — J. B. ii. 1034. 3. Old Roman Camp at Sidmonton near Newberry. On the fide of the Lake Lhyn-y-Cwin. Ray. Hieracium murorum laciniatum minus pilofum. C. B. pin. i2g. — Hieracium fylvaticum Gouan. ill. 56, Retz. obf. i. n. go. — Hieracium murorum Huds. ft, t. (St.) y Leaves narrow. Rocks by the rivulet between Shap and Anna Well, Weflmoreland. Ray. Hieracium murorum S' Huds. £ Leaves roundifh-egg-fhaped. St. Barr. 342. Root thick, woody, running deep amongft the loofe Rones, terminating in long dark brown fibres of the thicknefs of pack- thread. Leaves oval, blunt, obfcurely toothed, with a few hairs on the tipper, and many on the under furface, fpotted with nu- merous dark red large irregular fpots. Leaf-Jlalks long, hairy. Stem 6 inches high, naked, with 1 flower on the fummit, and 2 imperfedt ones fitting a fmall way from it, hairy above, flightly fo below. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, 2 beneath the lowefi of the flowers. Mr. Woodward. Hieracium murorum y Huds. — Hieracium Hall. n. 46. £. (St.) Gordale near Malham, Yorkfhire. Buckbarrow Well Longfle- dale, Weflmoreland. Ray. — King’s Park, Edinburgh. Mr. Newton in R. fyn. — [In the crevices of the columnar bafaltes on the fide of Arthur’s Seat. St. — On Conzick Scar near Kendal. Mr. Woodward.] ft Hall. Leaves with longifh teeth, the lowermoR of which are bent back. Hall. St. J. B. ii. 1034. 1, cop. in Pet. 13. 3, a Jingle leaf cop. in H. ox. vii. 5. 54. — Blackw. 530. Weflmoreland. Pet. Pilofelke majoris five Pulmonarice lutece fpecies magis laciniata. J. B, II. p. 1034. (St.) 6. With 1 flower on a ftem. Lightf. Pet. 11. 4. HIERA'CIUM 849 Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. HIERA'CIUM paludo/um. Stem panicled. Leaves marfk embracing the item, toothed, fmooth. Empalements rough with hair. — Ger. 236, cop. in Ger. em. 300, andj. B. ii. 1033. r. — J. B. ii. 1026.3, cop. in H. ox. vii. 5. 47. — (Gmel. ii. g, is H. lyratum. — ib. 25, a wrong reference. — Pet. 13. 9, is H. Jabau- dum Id Hudfon.J Empalement with black expanding hairs. Flowers open at 6 in the morning, and clofe at 5 in the afternoon. Poffibly only a var. of H. murorum , though it has acquired, from its place of growth, fo very different an appearance. Linn. — Stem 1 to 2 feet high, hollow, in which it differs from H. murorum, furrowed, fmooth, generally bright purple at the bafe. Leaves fmooth, alternate, the lower on leaf-ftalks, oval-fpear-fhaped; the upper fpear-fhaped, deeply toothed towards the bafe, entire at the fummit; the upper- molt very entire. Leaf-ftalks and mid-ribs of the leaves fometimes purple, efpecially underneath. Fruit-ftalks fmooth. Flowers Soli- tary, fmaller than in H. murorum. Empal. fcales ftrap-fpear-fhaped, with numerous black hairs on the back. Mr. Woodward. Moift meadows and woods, and fides of rivulets in the moun- tainous parts of Craven, Yorkfhire, and fides of rivers, both in the Lowlands and Highlands. [Hardrow Force in Wenfley-dale, Yorkfhire. Mr. Wood. — On the weft fide of the river juft below the bridge at Kirby Lonfdale, Weftmoreland. Dr. J. E. Smith. Near Rydal, Weftmoreland. Meff. Crowe and Woodward. — At the Hermitage near Taymouth. St.] B. July. HIERA'CIUM fabau'dum. Stem upright, with fhrubby many flowers. Leaves egg-fpear-fhaped, toothed, half embracing the ftem. — FI. dan. 872, only 1 upper ftem-leaf; the beft general reprefentation of the panicle , but the fcurfy empalements, and the 3 terminating fruit-ftalks would induce one to believe it to be the H. umbellatum, were it not for the reduced figure, which is clearly H. fabaudum. — Pet. 13. 7. — Gmcl. ii. 14, 2, with very entire leaves. — Jf. B. ii. 1030. 3. — H. ox. vii. 5. 59. Receptacle in this and H. umbellatum naked, but rougher than in the other fpecies. Linn. — Stem fometimes branched from half or 2-grds of the way up ; the uppermoft branches often fpringing from one point in manner of a rundlc, thofe below alternate. Leaves heart-fpear-fhaped, and, when the ftem is hairy, befet with long hairs along the edges and underneath. Fruit-ftalks with 1, and fometimes 2 and 3 flowers. Gmel. St. — Fruit-ftalks cottony. Em- palement flightly hairy, or fmooth. Hall. St. — Stem moft hairy towards 850 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS. towards the bafe, fmooth towards the top. Leaves , the teeth few, pointed, pointing forwards. Empal. fcales downy on the hack, orfmooth. Pollich. St. — More diftinguifhable from H. um- bellatum by the eye than by the fpecific differences. In branches where the top of the ftem has been bitten off the leaves often af- fume the figure of thofe of H. umbellatum; add to this, that the fruit-ftalks are often congregated in manner of a rundle, as in Gmel. ii. 14. i, and FI. dan. 872. See alfo variety 4. St. — Stem cylindrical, thickly fet with long white hairs. Leaves nearly fmooth above, but very hairy underneath; ' teeth blunt and yel- lowilh at the end. Empal. fome of the hairs long, and tapering to a point; others fhort, and ending in a globule. Florets a little hairy on the outfide about the top of the tube. Summits dirty green. Receptacle thinly fet with fine, white, taper, chaffy briftles. With. — Flowers opening at 7 in the morning, and doling between 1 and 2. Blofs. yellow. "Woods and hedges. P. July. Aug. Horfes, Cows, Goats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. 0 Huds. — Leaves covered with a fhort and juft perceptible down. Ray. Gmel. ii. 14. 1. — Pet. 13. 9. Moiftfhady woods. Huds. — Near Hulfwater, Weftmoreland Ray. Hieracium fruticofum latifolium glabrum. Park. 801, R. fyn. 168 — Hieracium frut. latif. foliis dentatis glabrum. C. B. pin. i2g. H. frut. latif. glabrum. C. B. pr. 67. — H. maj. latif. pannonicum 2 Clufii J. B. II. 1027. (St.) y Pluk. 37. 3, cop. in Pet. 11. 6. This feems to be only a fpecimen in which there was but 1 flower on a ftem. Such I have met with. St. On a dry bank at the edge of a wood in a lane leading from Hornhill to Rickmanfworth, Hertfordfhire. Ray. 4. Leaves broad fpear-fhaped, on very fhort leaf-ftalks. St. Pet. 13. 8. [Perry Wood, near Worcefter. St.] bujhy HIERA'CIUM umbella'tum . Leaves ftrap-fliaped, fomewhat toothed, fcattered. Flowers in a fort of rundle. — Pet. 13. 10. — C.luf. ii. 140, repr.in Dod. 638. 2, Lob. obf. 120. 3, ic. i. 240. 1, Ger. em. 298. 5, and cop. in Park. 801. 4. — J. B. ii. 1030. 1. — FI. dan. 680, reduced figure and fingle leaf good, but the panicle is a better reprefentation of H. jabaudum, as the panicle in figure 872, intended for H. Jabaudum is of this. — Gcr. 85' Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. „ » Ger. 234. 6. — Habit of the above figures good, but in none are the rundle-like clufier of fruit-ftalks exprejfed. For this fee Pet. 13. n. Leaves fpear-ftrap-fhaped, obfcurely toothed. Flowers, all placed at the end of the ftem. Empalement fcurfy. Linn. — Subjedl to much variety in its leaves, and the mode in which it produces its flow- ers, which laft are generally difpofed in manner of a rundle, but often the ftem becomes branched half way up, producing fcattered flowers all the way. Gmel. — Stem firm, 3 feet high and upwards. Leaves fmooth, toothed, fometimes very entire. Hall. St. — Leaves fometimes egg-fpear-fhaped. Empal. points of the fcales open. Leers. St. — Stem 3 feet high and upwards. Leaves fitting, 4 inches long, 6 or 7 lines wide. Fruit-Jlalks in bundles at the end of the ftem and branches, fome again dividing into 2 or 3 pedicles. Empal. fcales fmooth, the outer expanding, with the points bent back. Pollich. — Stem 2 to 4 feet high, Ample, cy- lindrical, fcored, hollow, nearly fmooth. Leaves numerous, without order, decreafing in fize upwards, fitting, ftrap-fpear- fhaped, with a few pointed teeth towards the bafe, edges and ribs flightly hairy. Flowers large, yellow. Fruit-Jlalks branched, cot- tony. Floral-leaves awl-lhaped, Empal. fcales ftrap-fpear-lhaped, the outer fomewhat cottony, the inner fmooth. Seeds cylindrical, fmooth, furrowed; feather as long as the empal. Mr. Woodw. St. — Stem upright, flightly zigzag, ftiff, folid, downy, roughilh to the touch, frequently hairy, often tinged with purplilh red. Leaves with 2 or 3 fmall teeth on each margin, fmoothifh above, the edges belet with Ihort hairs, underneath hairy; the lowermoft fpear-fhaped, expanding; the upper nearly upright. Fruit-Jlalks , the 4 uppermoft aggregated, frequently fome of them divided, befet with 1 or 2 fcales; thofe below alternate. Floral-leaves, 1 at the bafe of each of the lower fruit-ftalks. Empal. at the bafe flightly cottony; the points of the lower fcales flightly expanding. St. Hedges and dry fhady places. [Ditchingham, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward. — Ditch banks near Birmingham, St.] Horfes eat it. /3 Huds. — Leave's fmooth. Dill, in R. fyn. Pet. 13. 11. Woods about Hampftead. July — Aug. Pulmonr.ria anguflifolia glabra. R. fyn. 168. (St.) VHuds. and Reich. — Leaves fmooth, very entire, dark green, Dill, in R. fyn. — truly ftrap-lhaped. St. Pet. 13. 12. About London, but not common. [Near Bungay, Suffolk, common. Mr. Woodward.] July. Aug. Pulmonaria graminea. Dill, in R. fyn. 168. (St.) 993. C RE' PIS. 852 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^EQUALIS. 993. CRE'PIS. Hawks-beard.* (Pet.) Em pal. common, double. Outer Cup very fhort ; open ; deciduous. Inner Cup egg-fhaped ; fimple ; furrowed; per- manent. Scales ftrap-fhaped ; approaching. Bloss. compound, tiled; uniform. Florets many ; equal; with chives and pointals. Individuals ; petal 1 ; narrow ; lopped ; with 5 teeth. Chives. 1 breads 5; hair-like; very fir or t. 7 ips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud nearly egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summits 2 ; reflefted. S. Vess. none. Cup roundifh. Seeds folitary ; oblong. Feather fometimes (landing on a pillar; hairy. Recept. naked. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Empal. with a leffer one at the bafe, of deciduous fcales. Feather hairy ;f on a pillar. Oes. Feather fitting in fome fpecies. Reich, as in C. tetforum and biennis. St. finking CRE'PIS fce'tida. Leaves between notched and winged, rough with hair. Leaf-ftalks toothed. — Dod. 641. 3, repr. in Lob. obf. 113. 1; ic. i. 226. 1, Ger. em. 279, but the centre of the blojfom reprefented as in a radiated flower. — H. ox. vii. 4. 4. — Pet. 12. 8. — Magn. bot. 129. — ( Col. ecphr. i. 242, cop. in Park. 794. 3, is thought by Ray and Morifon to be diflinStfrom our plant. — C. B. pr. 68. 2, of ivhick I have gathered fpecimens in Champagne, appears to me to be var. 13 of Gouan, the Hieracium rf Gmel. ii. 8. 1, and to be a dijlincl fpecies. ) Unopened flowers nodding. Leaves fmelling like bitter almonds, Linn. — -rather like opium. Relhan. — Empalement whitifh. Feather longer than the empalement, on a pillar. Receptacle fomewhat hairy. Leers. — Feather on a long pillar. Mr. Woodward. * Succory is more applicable to Cbondril/a. St. f As in gen. and JyJi. pi. not downy as in fyft. veg. which, obferves, mud be an error of the prefs. St. as Leers Dry Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. Dry meadows and paftures. About Cambridge. Banftead Downs, by the fide of the road to Darking, Surry. Northfleet chalk-pits, Kent. Near Greenhithe. [Near Swaffham. Mr. Pitchford.] B. June. July. 2* Pet. 12. g.\ Paftures about Charlton and Greenwich. Dill, in R. fyn. Hieracium Cichorei folio minus. R. fyn. 165. (St.) C R E' P I S ‘taraxacum. Stalk with 1 flower. St.* Dandelion Leontodon Taraxacum , which fee. Obs. Scopoli has objected to Linnaeus’s genus of Leontodon, as comprehending plants with the feather of the feed both fitting and on a pillar, and the rays both downy and hairy. He has efta- blifhed the L. Taraxacum, and a variety of it, into a new genus, which he has filled Hedypnois, retaining the other fpecies under the name of Leontodon. Wiggers has followed his example, but, inflead of Hedypnois, retains, with Haller, the Tarax- acum, as a generic name. Mr. Hudfon, on the other hand, re- tains the L. Taraxacum, as conflicting the genus Leontodon, and adopting Scopoli’s name of Hed y pno i s, comprehends under it the L. kifpidum, hirtum, autumnale , Crepis teStorum , and biennis, and Picris hieracioides. But this is a more heterogenous affemblage than the Leontodon of Linnaeus, confifling of plants with hairy and downy feathers, and empalements both double and fingle. All this confuGon may be avoided, by referring the L. Taraxacum to the Crepis, with which it has a natural affinity, in habit as well as ftrudture. It agrees in the double empalement, and the hairy feather, the effential charadteriflics of that genus, and with the majority of the fpecies in having a feather on a pillar; and in its foliage it is much more clofely allied to the Crepis teStorum, than to any of the Leontodons. I am inclined to believe that Linnxus would have arranged this plant, and the Crepis teStorum, under the fame genus, had he not been led into a different train by Tourne- fort, whole genus of Dens Leonis, very properly divided into 2 by the accurate Vailiant, he reftored under the coined name of Leontodon. St. CRE'PIS teSto'rum. Leaves fpear-fhaped-notched, fmooth fitting, fmooth ; the lower ones toothed ^ I 1 Vo\. II, * Scapo unifloro. St. 3K Wale. 854 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA /EQUALIS. Wale.— FI. dan. 501.* — Pel. 12. 6. — Gmel. ii. 6. — Lob. ic. i. 239, repr. in Ger. em. 297. 4, and cop. in Park. 794. 2, and H. ox. vii. 7. 29. — J. B. ii. 1024. 1, but the jlem hairy. — Dod. 636. 3, repr. in Lob. obf. 115. 1; ic. i. 22g. 2, Ger. em. 284. 2, and cop. in Park. 777. 2, and J. B. ii. 1024. 2. — Ger. 228. 2. — (Gmel. ii. 11. 12, do not refemble any varieties which I have feen.J Plant of an afh-coloured green. Stem angular-furrowed. Branches as long as the ftem. Root-leaves thofe of Leonlodon Taraxacum; Jlem-leaves thofe of L. autumnale, but with the teeth at the bafe up- right and longer; branch-leaves entire, ftrap-lhaped, fomewhat arrow-lhaped and rolled back at the edge. Flowers of the appear- ance of thofe of Lapfand communis, never nodding. Empalement furrowed, fprinkled longitudinally with clammy hairs. Shafts as foon as they have pafled through the tips brown, a Angular cir- cumftance. The plant, in mod other refpedts, liable to great va- riations, in point both of ftrudture and appearance, when grow- ing in a rich foil appearing as figured by Tab. [the fame with Ger. 228.2;] when in a poor foil it is (lender, about a foot high, with ftrap fhaped leaves fomewhat toothed, refembling thofe of Plantago Coronopus, [as in Gmel. ii. 6; St.] — or a hand’s breadth high, with leaves jagged like thofe of Leontodon Taraxacum. Linn. — Fea- ther fitting. Leers. Huds. With. — Floral-leaves fmall, awl-fhaped, at fmall diftances beneath the flowers. Feather as long as the em- palement. Mr. Woodward. — Root very long and taper. Stems fcored, purplifh, often twilled, fmooth. Leaves ftrap-lhaped; Jlem-leaves with winged clefts embracing the ftem. Empalement with "black or brownifh white hairs, terminating in fmall tranfparent globules; cuter, leaves 5 to 10, not deciduous: inner keeled to- wards the bottom. Florets yellow on both lides, a little hairy at bhe top of the tubular part. Feather rather longer than the feeds, gnd longer than the tube of the bloffom. With. — Blofs. yellow, expanding at 4 in the morning, and doling about noon. Smooth Succory Hawk-weed. — ( ) ellow Devil' s-bit is Leontodon autum- nale. St,) Meadows, paftures, walls, roofs, road Tides. A. June — Sept. Cows, G6ats, Sheep, and Swine eat it. Horfes are not fond of iG 8 Huds. Leaves tapering to a fine point. Pet. 12. 7. failures about London, July. Aug. ■ * — -..'"i ■ ■ ■ 1 ■■■ ■«■■ - ■ 1 111 The arrow-fliaped fteoi-Ieave* not exprefled. Mr, Woodward. Hieracium Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. Hieracium apkacoides acutum. R. fyn. 166. (St.) y Huds. Leaves entire, toothed. Pet. 12 5,—f3 and 4 are varieties of Leontodvn autumnale.) raftures about London. Hieracium lacfucce folio. R. fyn. 164. (St.) 4. Stems trailing, apparently from the ftem having been bitten ott in the fpnng. With. 5. Upper-leaves very entire. With. CRE'PIS bien'ms. Leaves notched, with winged clefts, rough, toothed above the bate. Empalements covered with (harp points, Linn.— fometimes fmooth. St. 7. B. u. 1025. 3. C. B. pr. 64, cop. in Park. 793, and H. ox. vii. 4. 46.— Per. 12. 10. Stem angular, rough, 4 to 6 feet high, brittle. Leaves, all be- tween lyre-fhaped and winged, briftly underneath. Empalement furrowed, befei lengthways with foft prickles. Flowers clofmg between 3 and 4 m the afternoon. Linn.— Empalement rough with hairs laid to, Hall.— all the feales of the inner rough with bbek prominent hairs fet along the back; PoLLicn-fcales of the outer fmooth; of the inner with ftiff black briftles; Leers— and yet in fpecimens from fix different places all the feales were nightly cot- tony witn only here and there a fcattered, fhort, briftly hair. St. —feather fitting. Leers. Mr. Woobvv. St.— Leaves at the bafe of the lowermoft flowering branches fimilar to the leaves below, thole at the bafe of the upper flowering branches ftrap-fpear-fhaped. flowering branches fpreading, with feveral flowers. Flowers on fepa- rate fruit- ftalks. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped. Empal. inner, feales pea r-fh aped. Blofs. yellow. Seeds furrowed; feather hairy, extend, mga little beyond the empalement. Mr. Woodward. St. Rough Succory Hawk-weed . Meadows and paftures in a calcareous foil. Road from Sitting- Iburn to Rochefter, and about Northfleet and other places in Kent. B. July. Aug.* 995. HYOS'ERIS. * This and the P^cedmg fpecies, together with Lcor.todon bifpidum, blrtum and \ autumnal', have been combined together by Mr. Hudfori under the name " H£DTPNOi3, but, as I conceive, upon an erroneous principle. The onlv ?oint m which thefe plants agree with each other, and chiefly differ from the ants with which they had before been affociated, is the feather of the feed not ««inS placed on a pillar. But the pillar is not a part diflintS from the feed an " only a longer or fhorter extenfion of its outer coats. Hence we are n.t .0 " that plants of the fame natural genus fliould vary in fuch a circumftance 3 K 2 ' SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA /EQUALIS. gg5, HYOS'ERIS. Swines-eye. Fmpal. common, of io leaves. Scales fpeat-fhaped ; up- right ; equal ; fet with very fhort fcales at the bale. Proper Cup fuperior; with 5 divifions; very fhort; (harp; permanent. It often fupplies the place oi the feather. Bloss. compound, fomewhat tiled ; uniform. Florets with chives and pointals, difpofed in 1 or 2 rows. _ Individuals; petal 1 ; narrow; lopped; with 5 teeth. „ c Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud rather oblong. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summits 2 ; reflected. S.Vess. none. Commom empalement flraight. Seeds folitary; nearly oblong ; compreffed; as long as the cup ; crowned with a hair-like Feather , or with the Proper Cup. Recept. naked. , , , Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Empalement nearly equal. Feather hairy, and with a fmall cup. y O S'E R I S and in the Hypocbcei is glabra the feeds of the centre are on pillars, while thofe of the circumference are without pillars. The down/ or hairy feather, is a difference of itb an outer cup. Feather moji y J’F. ii. 1027. 1, H. ox. vii. 5. 53, and Pet. 13. 1. — Ger. 237. 1. — Hall. 1. 1. at p. 24. Seeds wrinkled. Linn. — Stein and leaves with red fpots. Stem fimple, with 1 flower. Flower large. Rllhan. — Leaves fpreading on the ground in a circle, oval, toothed at the bafe, very entire towards the end, fringed, with reddifh angular fpots, and Mat- tered hairs. Stem naked, with 1 or 2 ftrap-fhaped feales. Empal. outer Males blackifh, fringed; the inner fniooth, yellowifli, half as long as the florets, hairy, compofed of large Males. Mr. Woodward. — Bloffoms yellow, they open at fix in the morning, and clofe at 4 in. the afternoon. Cats-ears, I Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. Cats-ears, Yorkfhire. Mr. Wood. Mountainous meadows and paftures. Gogmagog Hills, between Triplow Heath and Foulmire, Newmarket Heath, banks of the Devil’s ditch near Reche, and Bartlow, Cambridgefhire. Bernuk Heath, Northamptonfhire. [About Gordale and Malham Cove Yorkfhire. Mr. Wood.] p juj^/ The leaves are boiled and eaten like Cabbage. Hones are fond oi this plant when green, but they do not like it when dry. Cows, Goats, and Swine eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Linn.— The country people believe it a cure for tetters, and other cutaneous eruptions, pcffibly through a vulgar prejudice, founded on its fpotted leaves. Mr. Wood. HYPOCHvE'RIS gla'bra. Smooth . Empalements fmoot/i oblong, tiled. Stem branched, naked. Leaves toothed- indented, Linn. — with a few hairs along the edge. Mr. Woodward. St. With. Curt, iii, 25. FI. dan. 424. — pet. 12. 4. — H. ox. vii. 4. 35. — Pet. 11. 12. — Col. ecph. ii. 27. 2. Differs from H.radicata in having minute blojfoms, and the fcales of the empalement being fmooth, and the keel not fringed. Whole plant fmooth. Stems nearly upright, with 1 or 2 branches, (lender, hollow above, folid below. Leaves fpear-fhaped, indented-toothed. Fruit-ftalks thickening upwards. Empalement that of Leontodon autum - nale. Blofs. yellow, clofe. Seeds of the circumference with the feather fitting; thofe of the centre, feather on a pillar. Habit and appearance that of Leontodon autumnale. Linn. — Stem fometimes fimple, in the autumn much branched and reclining. Leaves in a circle round the root, fhining; teeth triangular. Flower-leaves fmall , fimilar to the root-leaves, 1 at the bafe of each branch, with a few fpear-fhaped fcales. Empalement before flowering oblong, afterwards conical, perfectly fmooth. Mr. Woodward.— Feather of the central feeds on a pillar from about 1 -4th of the length of the feed to as long as the feed; rays woolly towards the bafe. St. Leaves, hairs at the edge white. Empalement long, conical; fcales.fmooth, fpear-fhaped, not pointed, purplifh at the ends. With. — Blofs. yellow, opening at 9, and clofing about 12 or 1. Sandy and gravelly foils. Near Middleton, Warwickfhire. Norwich, and about Comb and Kingflon, Surry. Penfham Field, mear Perfhore, Worceflerfhire. Nash.— [On the common clofe ut not awned. Blofs. legments fomewhat unequal, extending a little beyond the tips, but fhorter than the pointal. Shaft in fome fforets as long again as the bloffom, in others only juft longer. ■Mr. Woodward. — Stem upright, branched, 3 to 5 feet high and ■upwards. Leaves between wing-cleft and indented, hairy, prickly only at the edge. Fruit-Jlalhs fhort, fome with a prickly border, others cottony without prickles. Flowers fomewhat nodding. Empalements agreeing in habit with thofe of C. nutans,- Jcales open, prickly at the end, of no great difference in length, the outer '.airy at the edge, wrinkled within, with very fine cobweb hairs interwoven from one to another; the inner ftrap-awl-fhaped, Imooth, not prickly, brownifh purple at the ends. Blofs. lower legments gradually deeper. St. Carduus crifpus. Huds. Lightf. — C. polyacanlhos capitulis plurilms mUantibus ramojior. H. ox. III. 153. n. 1 1. — C. caule crijpo. R. fyn. 394. hift. i. 309. 2. Mr. Woodward. St. — Carduus, Hall. 167. S' “ aule ramofo, capitulis multo minoribus, numerofis, erec- tis, diverfiffimo habitu. Convenit foliolis fquamis calycis.” ib. — C. fpinofjjimus capitulis parum aculeatis. Bauh. pin. 385? To examine kijl. lugd. St.— (C. crifpus Linnaeus does not agree with aur plant either in the character or defeription. Mr. Wooow. — In C. crifpus, which is nearly allied to it in habit and ftrudure, she fruit-Jlalks and under furface of the leaves are covered with a white cotton. The empalements referable thofe of C. inclinatus in Iftrucfture as well as habit, but aie fmailer. C. Hall. 165, appears 2;o me to be C. crifpus. St.) Thijlie upon Thijlle. — Ditch banks, hedges, and amongft briars, !Ray. St. — rubbifh and road fides. Huds. — [Norfolk, Suffolk, IHertfordfhire, and the midland counties, frequent; on the bor- ders of corn fields. Mr. Woodward.] A. July. CAR'D UUS acanthoi'des. Leaves running down, welted undented, thorny at the edge. Empalements on fruit- Iftalks, folitary, upright, woolly. Linn. — Leaves in- dented, toothed. Empalements egg-fhaped, fitting; Hcales taper-pointed, nearly upright. Huds. — Leaves with winged clefts.1 Empalements cluttered, fitting, Ifomevvhat cylindrical, fmooth, Lightf. — as long as the 3 L 2 bloffom ; y % 87 I 872 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA jEQUALIS. MofTom ; points of the fcales expanding. St. Mr. Woodward.* — Empalements Jlightly cobwebbed. Sr. H.ox. vii. 30. n, cop. in Pet. 21.2, but the floxvering-branches fomewhat nodding injlead of upright. — J. B. iii. a. 56. 1, but the Jlem below the flowers reprefented as fmooth injlead of bordered and prickly. — II. ox. vii. 31. 13, Je par ate empalement, cop. in Pet. 21. 3, feems intended to reprefent the heads of this fpecies, but the points are ftraight, and taper regularly to the end. — Dod. 740, repr. in Lob. obf. 489. 2; ic. ii. 21. 1, Ger. em . 1173. 1, and cop. in Park. 982. 5, accord in the empalements which are rather egg-Jhaped than globular, and the larger fiowers Jeem to be reprefentations of them when in feed, but Mr. Woodward remarks that the leaves are too pointed. Stem with white elevated long lines. Leaves halberd-winged, and fprinkled underneath with white upright hairs as in C.crifpus. Fruit- j Jlalks with a leafy thorny border, in which it differs from C. crifpus. Flowers fmaller than thofe of C. nutans, larger than thofe of C. crifpus. Differs from C. nutans in itsempal. being upright, from C. crifpusi n its i empal. being folitaryand woolly. Empal. inner fcales expanding. Flo- rets cloven v way down, the lowermoft fegments feparated nearly to the bafe, fo as to give the floret the appearance of having 2 lips, an j upper one with 4 clefts, and a lower one undivided, which is not ] the cafe in C. nutans or crifpus. Shafts as long again as the florets. Li n n. — Root-leaves at their firft appearance a good deal refembling i thofe of C. marianus. tlowers fmall, pale purple, crowded toge- •; tiier at the top of the flem. Ray. Mr. Woodw. — Root branched. Stems feveral, herbaceous, hollow, 2 feet high, quite upright, angular, with 4 bordefs from the edges of the leaves running down all the way, woolly below, above cottony and branched.. Branches alternate, upright, from the bofom of the leaves. Leaves alternate, running down from each edge, oblong, indented- toothed, fegments oppofite toothed, thorny at the edge, cottony underneath, woolly above. Flowers terminating, cluttered, fitting, \ pale purple. Empalement egg-fhaped, fomewhat cottony; fcales egg-fhaped. taper-pointed, nearly upright, permanent. Hods. — Stem but little branched; the leafy border wide indented and thorny. Leaves with winged clefts, cottony underneath, and (lightly fo above. Empalement acutely conical before flowering, cylindrical afterwards; fcales a little bent back at the end, and terminated with a thorn. Flowers in clutters at the top of the ftalk, fitting, with a few here and there on the fides towards the top. * Foil is decurrentibus margine fpinofis, calyeibus cylindricis, corol- larri aiquantibus, fquamis apice patentibus. St. Mr. Woodward. Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. top. Bloffom pale red, almoft white. Lightf. St .—Stem; leafy border with numerous ftiff yellow thorns of various lengths. Leaves, the lower with winged clefts ; wings broad, blunt, fomevvhat 5- cornered, with 5 imperfetfl lobes, the terminating one very broad and blunt, cottony underneath, above fmooth, excepting a few fhort hairs arifing from glandular warts; ribs ending in {harp yel- low thorns; thofe above pointed, wings triangular, confluent. Flowers fitting, incorporated, pointing upwards, fideways, and downwards; fometimes in branched bunches, terminating the branches, on lhort fruit-ftalks upright or open. Empal. Jcales fpear-fhaped, yellowifh green, the upper expanding, the inner- moft chaffy, all tipped with fharp thorns. Blofs. fegments fome- what longer than the tips, which are even with the pointal. Feather nearly as long as the bloffom, hair-like. Mr. Woodward. St. Empalement apparently fmooth, but on a clofer examination fiightly woolly with a cobweb wool; fcales green towards the ends, the innermoft white at the end; thorns yellowifh. St. C. fpinofjjimus capitulis minoribus. R. fyn. 194. hift. i. 309. 3.— C. alis caulinis latijjrmis; folds Jemipinnatis ; pinnis angulofis, Jpinofis ; Jtoribus longis fafciculatis. Hall. 16 6.— C. acanthoides, Lightfoot, who adopting from Haller the opinion that it is not the C. acanthoides of Linnaeus, has given a new character, {fill employing the fame trivial name. Mr. Woodward. St. Welted Thiftle with fmall flowers. Ray. Ditch banks, on rubbifh, borders of corn fields. [Plentifully on banks and under walls near Yarmouth, and alfo in wafte places far from the coaft. I had it growing for fome years without vari- ation. Mr. Woodward.— Road fides about London, but I have not obferved it in Worcefterfhire, Warwickflfire, Staffordfhire, or Shropfhire. S r.] A. June. July. CAR DUUS paluf'tris. Leaves running down, marjh toothed, thorny at the edge. Flowers in bunches, up- right. Fruit-ftalks without thorns. Linn. —Feather downy. St.* Gmel. ii. 23. 2, but the points of the fcales of the empalement not bent back. -H. ox. vii. 32. 13, cop. in Pet. 21. 4.— (FI. dan. 621, C.crifpus, is a good reprefentation of it, except that the leaves in that fpecies are only indented, and not with winged clefts. J 873 * Pappo plumofo, St. 3L3 Fntit-Jlalks 874 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA yEQUALIS. Fruit-ftalks without thorns. Empalement clofely tiled, fmooth, the points of the fcales being hardly difcernible. Feather downy. Linn. — Leaves with winged clefts. Pollich. — Stem much taller than the 2 laft fpecies, 5 to 6 feet high and upwards, upper part and branches (lender and with few leaves. Flowers in a loofer head. Evipal. fcales woolly, green tipped with deep purple, without a rib along the back, ending in a fhort expanding thorn not pungent; inner pointed, without thorns. Blofs. fegments even with the tips, fhorter than the pointal. Feather fhorter than thebloffom; rays fringed with long hairs. Mr. Woodward. — Tips, teeth very long, fringed. Elofom purple. With. Marfhy meadows and moift fhady places, [and wet clayey pas- tures. Mi'. Woodward.] P. July. This, and almoft all the other fpecies of this genus, may be eaten like the Burdock, before the flowers are formed. Swine eat it. Horfes are very fond of it. Cows refufe it'. 2. Blolfoms Sometimes white. Linn. Mr. Woodward. St. 3. crijlatus. St. A monftrous variety, with a broad flat Stem and head of flowers. It grew in the middle of a pafture. The root produced the fame for two years together. With. — Stem 3"4ths of an inch broad. Clufter of empalements 2 inches and an half broad, the upper edge crowned with a continued line of florets, fo as to give it the appearance of the Cockfcomb Amaranthus of the gardens. St. * * Leaves fitting. 1 milk CAR'DUUS maria'nus. Leaves embracing the ftem, halberd-fhaped with winged clefts. Empalements without any leaves near it ; thorns channelled, and fet with other little thorns. — Curt. iii. 25. — Blackw.yg. — Ludiv. 35. — Tuchf. 56, cop. in J. B. > iii. a. 52. 2, imitated in Trag. 850, which cop. in Lonic. i. 70. 2. — Ger. 989, cop. in Pet. 21. 9. — Dod. 722. 1, repr.in Lcb. obf. 479. 1 ; ic. ii. 7. 2, Ger. cm. 1150, and cop. in Park. 076. 1, and H. ox. vii. 30. row 2. l.f. 4, thorns of the empalement by far too fiort. — Matth. 67G. Leaves with a net-work of white veins. The thorns of the em- palement fufficiently diftinguifh this from the other fpecies. Relh. — Stem-leaves irregularly egg-fhaped, toothed, and thorny, above dark green and fhining with a net-work of white veins, underneath fea-green, the ribs hairy. Empal. fcales few, large, egg-fhaped, fmooth, lomewhat membranaceous, terminated with a triangular appendage, ending in an extremely long, fliff, expanding, awl- fhaped thorn, and edged with fmaller thorns. Feather much fhorter than Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. 875 than the bloflom; hairs when viewed with a glafs finely toothed. Mr. Woodward. — Blqjfom purple. Milk ThiJUe. Ladies Thijlle. — Ditch banks, road Tides, borders of corn fields, and on rubbifh. A. Aug. This is eaten when young as a fallad. The young ftalks peeled, and foaked in water to take out the bitternefs, are excellent. The fcalcs of the cup areas good as Artichokes. The root is good to cat early in the fpring. fi Hods. Relh. — Leaves green, without the white fpots. About London. Ray. C A R ' D U LJ S erioph'orus. Leaves fitting, with winged woolly-headed clefts pointing 2 ways, every other fegment upright. Empalements globular, woolly. — Cluj. ii. 154, repr. in Do A. 723, Lob. obj. 482. 1; j’c. ii. g. 2, Ger. em. 1152, and ill cop. in J. B. iii. a. 57, and Park. 978. . — Mill. ic. 293. — ( Ger. an. 1 151. 5, which is a re-imprejfion of Lob. adv. 370, is a different plant.) Stem 2 feet high, branched, flowering the fecond year. Empal. as large as an egg; points of the feales ftrap-fhaped, horizontal, entire, with a cobweb-like wool interwoven. Leaves , every other fegment pointing downwards. Linn. — Stem 4 or 5 feet high, an- gular, fcored, woolly, much branched. Root-leaves 1 to 2 feet long, wings diftant, with 2 lobes, unequal, the larger ftrap- fhaped, the lefler fpear-lhaped, very entire, but fringed with a few fine thorns; mid-rib ftiff, extending out into a fharp thorn; above green, with numerous fhort ftiff hairs prefled clofely; un- derneath with a thick, woolly, white down. Stem-leaves embrac- ing the Item; lobes not fo regular, all fpear-fhaped, the terminat- ing one long. Frmt-Jlalks (lender, extremely cottony. Empalements cluftered, terminating the Item and branches; feales ftrap-fpear- fhaped, terminated by a long foftifh thorn, covered and inter- woven with a thick cottony wool. Tips extending beyond the bloflom. Shaft m uch longer than the tips. Summit very flightly cloven. .S>c ^ large, whitifh, nearly oval, without ridges. Feather fhorter than the bloflom, downy. Mr. Woodward. — Empal. feales ending in a yellow thorn. Blofs. purple, or white. Friar's Crown. — Both in flat and mountainous meadows and paftures. Ray. Sr.— -Bredon Hill, Worcefterfhire. Nash.— - [By the road fide between Stamford and Grantham, plentifully. Dr. J.E. Smith.— About Ripton, Huntingdonfh. Mr.WooDW. — Hillend Bank in Longdon Parifh, Worcefterfh. Mr. Ballard. — On the foot-way between Clarkton Leap and Kemfay, Worcef- terfhire. St.] B.July. 3L4 CAR'D U U S 87S syngenesia polygamia .^qualis. melancholy CAR'DUUS helenioi'des. Leaves embracing the ftem, fpear-fhaped, toothed, fringed with fmall unequal thorns. Stem without thorns. Linn. — Root-leaves fpear- fhaped ; ftem-leaves fitting, heart-fhaped, pointed, of a fnowy white underneath. Stem moftly undivided. Huds. — Leaves rather ferrated than toothed ; ftem-leaves heart-fhaped at the bafe. Sr. Hall. 7. at i. p. 77.— Mill. 94, only the upper leaves.— Cluj. ii. 148. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1183. fig. 2 d, and cop in Park. 961. 5, J. B. iii. a. 46. 2, and Pet. 22. 2.— (FI. dan. iog, is referred to by Hudfon , but by Linnaeus to C. heterophyllus.J Differs from C. heterophyllus , which it very much refembles, in , all the leaves being undivided, whitifh, but not of a fnowy white- nefs underneath, the edge more unequally ferrated and fringed; and the Jlem being twice as high; of the height of a man, more panicled, and befet with expanding hairs. Linn .hort.ups. — Root hardly creeping. Stem furrowed, with leaves all the way up. Leaves 40 to 50, half embracing the ftem, toothed, not jagged, fringed with foft thorns, the ears at the bafe round, bent back, and grow- ing to the ftem ; fiower-leaves awl-fhaped. Linn. — Stem feldom above a foot high, but in gardens it is generally double that height, and the leaves fo much larger that it feems a different plant. Leaves fhining above. Mill. — Stem 1 foot and a half high. Sc op. -^-Leaves fpear-fhaped, entire, toothed. Huds. Mountainous paftures in Yorkfh. Weftmoreland, Cumberland, and Wales. Coppice near Gigglefwick, in Skirrith Wood, and in the paftures about Bordley, near Malham. Curt.— [Mill Gill near Afcrig in Wenfleydale, and Skirrith Wood near Ingleton, Yorkfh. Mr. Wood.— Mulbarton, near Norwich. Mr. Crowe. — Between Shap and Orton, Weftmoreland, Mr. Woodward.] P. June. July. /3 Hall. Scop. Huds. C. heterophyllus. Leaves embracing the ftem, fpear-fhaped, fringed, entire and jagged. Stem with moftly 1 flower. Empalements without prickles. Linn. FI. dan . 109. Hall. 7. at i. p. 77, it being very jujlly remarked on this figure by Scop. ann. ii. p. 60, that the upper and lower leaves are cut. Stems fomewhat branching, bearing from 1 to 6 flowers. Leaves downy underneath; root-leaves toothed, and wing-cleft: lower Jlem-leaves wing-cleft; middle ones toothed; upper entire. I have feen both varieties from the fame root. Huds. CAR'DUUS Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. C AR'DUUS praten'fs. Leaves fitting, half embracing the ftem, fpear-fhaped, fomewhat toothed, fringed with fmall unequal thorns. Stem with moftly i flower. Jacq. Huds. St. — Empalements with cobweb-like wool. Si’. Pet. 22. i. — Lob. obf. 314.4* repr. in ic. i. 583. 1, Ger. em. 1183. fig. 3 d, and cop. in Park. 961. 4, J. B. iii. a. 45. 2, and carelefsly in H. ox. vii. 29. 12, but the teeth of the leaves too much like ferratures. — Cluj. ii. 148. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 1183. 5, and cop. in H. ox. vii. 29. 13. — (H. ox. ib. 1 1, is a copy of Cluf. ii. 148. 2 .) Root fibrous, creeping. Stem Angle, herbaceous, 1 to 2 feet high, upright, leafy, cottony, undivided, or fometimes with a Angle branch. Root-leaves few, on leaf-ftalks, fpear-fhaped, fome- what toothed, fringed with unequal prickles, tapering to a point, above roughifh with hairs, underneath cottony; Jlem-leaves 3 to 7, alternate, fringed with unequal prickles, above roughifh, under- neath cottony, but not of a fnowy whitenefs. Flowers terminating, purple. Empalement egg-fhaped, cottony; fcales tiled, egg-fhaped, tapering to a point, purplifh. Huds. St. — Blofs. fegments bright purple. Pointal bright purple, flightly cloven, much longer than the tips. Seed very fhort; feather nearly as long as the bloffom, downy with long hairs. Mr. Woodward. — Stem with 1 flower, and fometimes another from the bofom of the upper leaf. Root- leaves oblong-fpear-lhaped, toothed, and fet with foftifh thorns ; Jlem-leaves fmaller, the upper not thorny at the edge, but termi- nated by a long foftifh thorn. Empal. fcales thick and ftrong, cottony at the edges, terminating in a foft thorn. Blojfom red. Lips with 5 horny, yellow, fpear-fhaped points. Summit cylin- drical, blunt, not notched at the end. With. Cirfium anglicum. R. fyn. 193. — Carduus heterophyllus. Lightf. — See defer. C. dijfeftus, FI. angl. ed. i. (St.) Single-headed Thifile. Englijh foft or gentle Thijlle . Marfhy places. Ray. St. — Moift meadows and paftures. [Near Heydon, Norfolk. Rev. Mr. Bryant. — Sxvampy meadows near Robinfon's End Malvern Chace, Worcefterfh. Mr. Ballard. St .] C AR'DUUS acau'lis. Stemlefs. Empaf, fmooth. Cluf. ii. 156. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 480.3; ic. ii. 5. x, Ger.em. 1158, and cop. in Park. 969. 4, J. B. iii. a. 63. 1, H. ox. vii. 32. 12, and Pet. 21. 6. — Barr. 493. — Trag. 852, cop. in Lonic. i. 68. 1. A dwarf plant, but fpreading to the breadth of a foot. Linn. — Stem 1 to 3 inches high. Leaves lying clofe to the ground. Flower folitary, in the midft of the leaves. Feather l ong, downy. Relh. — Root-leaves 877 meadow dwarf 878 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS. — Root-leaves fpreading in a circle, on leaf-ftalks, with winged clefts; wings irregularly lobed, and waved, angular, thorny at the edge, green on both fides, hairy towards the bafe. I lowering- heads i or more, rarely fitting. Fruit-jlalks i to 2 inches high, hairy. Empal. lower feales fhort, oval-fpear-fhaped, upper fpear- fhaped, ftiff, without thorns. Blofovi even with the tips. Shaft longer than the tips. Summit deeply cloven. Seed very fmall. Feather long, downy. Mr. Woodward. — Blofom purple. Mountainous and rocky dry paftures, efpecially in a calcareous foil. Black Heath, near London. [Dry heaths and commons in Norfolk, very frequent. Dr. J. E. Smith. Mr. Woodw.] P. July. Cows refufe it. It kills all plants which grow beneath it, whence it is very in- jurious in meadows. Linn. The different fpecies afford nourifhment to the CaJJida viridis and nebulofa; Papilio Cardui ; Cicada cornuta; Cimex Cardui; Mufca folflitialisj and Aphis Cardui. * * Haller divides this and the genus Scrratula in the following .manner, obferving, and 1 think very juftly, that a generic diftin&ion cannot well be formed on the thorns or cotton of the empalement, as thefe differ only in degree. The following fub-divifion, however, may facilitate the invef- tigation of fpecies. St. Carduus. Feather hair-like. Hall. Species. Serratula tinSloria. Carduus acanlhoides, cr if pits, nutans. Cirsium. Feather downy. Hall. Species. Carduus eriophorus, lanceolatus, palujlris, Serratula arvenfis, Carduus acau'is, Serratula alpina, Carduus helenoides. 1006. ONOPOR'DUM. Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. loo 6. ONOPOR'DUM. Argentine. Empal. common, roundifh ; diftended ; tiled. Scales numerous ; thorny ; prominent every way, Bloss. compound, tubular; uniform. Florets with chives and pointals, equal. Individuals; petal i ; funnel-fhaped. Tube very {lender. Border upright ; diftended ; with 5 clefts. Segments equal; 1 more deeply divided. Chives. Threads 5 ; hair-like; very (hort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder as long as the bloffom, with 5 teeth. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; longer than the chives. Summit crowned. S. Vess. none. The Cup clofes a little. Seeds folitary. Feather hair-like. Recept. divided like a honey-comb into 4-cornered mem- branaceous cells. Ess. Char. Receptacle like a honcy-comb. Scales of the empalement Jharp-pointed . ONOPOR'DUM Acan'thium. Empalements fcurfy ; fcales expanding. Leaves egg-oblong, indented. — Fuckf. 57, cop. in J. B. iii. a. 54. 2, Frag. 858, Dod. 721. 2, u hick repr. in Ger. em. 1 174. 5, and indifferently cop. in Park. 379. 1, and Pet. 21. 10, and abridged in Lonic. i. 71. 2. — Ger. 988. 1 and 2. — Dod. 721. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 476. 1; ic. i. 1. 1, Ger. em. 1149. 1, and imitated in H. ox. vii. 30. row 2.1. — Matth. 671, jujl coming into fiower. — Lonic. i. 70.3, the root-leaves of which cop. in H. ox. vii. 30. row 1.1. Plant of a hoary green. Stem with a ftraight leafy border running up to the empalement. Empal. fcales expanding, awl-fhaped. Blofs. fometimes white. Linn. Mr. Woodward. — Plant generally covered with a white cotton, giving it a whitifh green colour. Leaves oval-fpear-fhaped; the lower extremely large, with deep triangular teeth, which, are again toothed, and each tooth termi- nated by a fharp whitifh thorn, being productions of the ribs; the upper fpear-fhaped with a few diflant teeth. Stem, leafy bor- der irregularly toothed, and thorny, the thorns proceeding thro’ and flrengthening the border. Heads tingle', upright, terminating. Empal. fcales ending in fharp thorns. Mr. Woodward. Cotton Thijlle. — On rubbifh and road-lides. B. July. The 88o • SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA /EQUALIS. I » The jReceptacle, and the young Items, are boiled and eaten . like Artichokes. — The ancients thought this plant afpecific in can- cerous cafes. — Cows, Sheep, and Horfes refufe it. I t 1007. CARLI'NA. Carline. Empal. common, diftended; radiate; tiled. Scales numer- ous ; flexible ; fharp ; the inner in a circle, very, long; expanding; (hining; coloured; forming rays to the compound flower. Bloss. compound, uniform; tubular. Florets with chives and pointals, equal. Individuals ; petal 1 ; funnel-fhaped. Tube {lender. Border funnel-fhaped ; with 5 clefts. Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort'. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud fhort. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit oblong ; cloven or entire. S. Vess. none. Cup unchanged. Seeds folitary; rather cylindrical. Feather downy; branched. Recept. flat; fet with cloven chaffy fubftances, 3 of - which grow together. Ess. Char. Empalement with rays conjljling of long coloured fcales round the edge of the bloJJ'om. Linn. — Feather branched. St. 1 Obs. The Carlina is among the Qapilatce what the Xeranthemum is among the Difcoidece. St. wild CARLI'NA vulga'ris. Stem with many flowers in a broad-topped fpike. Flowers terminating. Rays of the empalement white, Linn. — or yellowifl. Bot. Arrang. ed. I. Matlh. 669. — Cliff, ii. 156.2, repr. in Dod. 739. 2, Lob. obf. 489. 1 ; ic. ii. 20. 2, Ger. em. 1159. 1, and cop. in Park. 981. — Fuchf. 121, cop. in J. B. iii. a. 81. 2, Frag. 859, Dod. 728. 1, and imitated in Lonic. i. 68. 2. — Ger. 997. 1. It continues, after it is dead, unchanged even for the whole of the fecond year, a mournful fpedtacle ! Linn. — Root long, fpin- dle-fhaped, with a few lliff fibres. Stem 12 to 15 inches high, fwelling juft above the root, cylindrical, ribbed, purple, flightly downy, dividing above in a rundle-like manner. Leaves very numerous, Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. numerous, cloathing the whole Item and decreafing in fize up- wards, the lower fitting, the upper embracing the Hem, deeply toothed, the teeth armed with numerous yellow thorns; thofe at the bafe of each branch, larger than the upper ftem-leaves; thofe of the branches fmaller than the ftem-leaves, the uppermoft join and form the lower ones of the empal. Empal. fcales purplifh, edged and terminated with branching yellow thorns; the inner- moft ftrap-fhaped, pointed at the end, dry, fringed with long hairs towards the bafe, ftraw-coloured within, without reddifh brown towards the bafe, but ftraw-coloured at the point. Blofs. fegments fpear-fhaped, purple, ftraw-coloured below. Seed woolly; feather fitting, rays 9 to 12, generally 11, either Angle, or with 2 or 3 clefts, fringed with long hairs. Recept. the chaff longer than the florets. Mr. Woodward. — Blofs. tube white, border in the outer florets purple, in the inner whitifh. Feather pale brown, thrice as long as the feed, rays nearly equal, awl- fhaped at the bafe, a little above it generally dividing into 3 and fometimes 4 briftle-fhaped branches. The ftrucfture of the feather and chaff indicates the cleareft proofs of a natural generic diffe- rence. St. Carduus fylvejlris alter. Dod. 739. St. - Wild Carline Thijlle. — Dry meadows and paftures. B. June. The flowers expand in dry, and clofe in moift tveather. They retain this property a long time, and therefore are employed as hygrometers. — It is faid to be an excellent remedy in hyftericai cafes. Ariuen. Acad. III. p. 64. Goats eat it. Cows refufe it. Linn. It indicates a very barren foil. Mr. Woodward. xoi2. BI'DENS. 882 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA /EQUALIS. I012. BI'DENS. Double-tooth. Empal. common, upright ; fegments generally equal ; ob- long; concave and channelled. B l oss. compound, uniform; tubular, florets with chives and pointals, tubular. Individuals funnel-fhaped. Border with 5 clefts ; upright. Chives. '■Threads 5 ; hair-like ; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud oblong. Shaft fimple; as long as the chives. Summits 2 ; oblong ; refle&ed. S. Vess. none. Cup unchanged. Seeds folitary ; blunt; angular. Crown of the Seed 2 or more awns, oblong; ftraight ; (harp ; rough with hooks turned backwards. Recept. chaffy ; flat. Chaff deciduous. Ess. Ciiar. Receptacle chaffy. Feather of upright rough awns. Empalemcnt tiled. Bloffom fomctimcs with 1 or 2 ■ radiat'ed florets. trifd BI'DENS triparti'ta. Leaves with 3 clefts. Empal. fomewhat leafy. Seeds upright. Linn. — Leaves often with 5 clefts. Curt. Mr. Woodward. Curt. iv. 40. — Blachw. 519. — Pet. 20. 7. — Dod. 595. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 71 1. 1, and cop. in Park. 595. 7, and H. ox. vi. 5. 20. Leaves , fegments deeply ferrated, the middle one much the largeft. Empal. fcales oval, fringed with hairs, the inner fmooth, with yellow membranaceous edges. Seeds, awns fometimes 3. Mr. Woodward. — Flowers terminating, yellow. Water Hemp. Water Agrimony. Marfhy and watery places. A. July. Aug. It dyes a tolerably good yellow. Cows and Sheep eat it. Horfes, Swine, and Goats refufe it. P minima. Huds. There is a dwarf variety, diftinguifhable from B. minima as fol- lows. Root fimple. Leaves ferrated. Empalement leafy with many leaves. In B. minima the root is creeping, the leaves either very entire, or at leaft only fcolloped (crenata) and only 2 leaves at the bafe of the empalement. Retz. obf. i. n. 94. — I apprehend Retzius to be miftaken, Mr. Woodward — for the following reafons, unlefs l Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. unlefs we fuppofe the B. minima to be a diftindl plant from that figured in R. J'yn. 7. 2, at p. 188, to which Linnasus refers. I11 this figure there are 3 leaves at the bafe of the empalement, the root is branched but not creeping, and the leaves are ferrated. In FI. dan. 312, alfo referred to by Linnaeus, there are 3 leaves at the bafe of the empalement, and fome of the leaves are ferrated. I have never feen any plant of B. tripartita lefs than 10 inches high, but it is pofTible there may be ftarved plants of this fpecies as fmall as thofe of B. cernua. St. Bidens minima. Linn. — Bidens cernua minima, which fee. BI'DENS cer’nua. Leaves fpear-fhaped, embracing nodding the ftem. Flowers on crooked fruit-ftalks. Seeds upright. Curt. ii. 32. — FI. dan. 841. — J. B. ii. 1074. — Ger. 574. — Pet. 20. 6. — Lob. adv. 227, repr. in ic. i. 529, but fome of the leaves featured inftead of oppofite. — ( H. ox. vi. 5. 22. is 1 .) Leaves with diftant ferratures. Flower-leaves very entire. Seeds with 4 awns, 2 of which are larger. Mr. Woodward.— Stem a little hairy. Leaves oppofite. Empal. fegments egg-fpear-fhaped, with black lines. Bloffom and fummils yellow. Tips brown. Seed- bud pyramidal, with 4 corners; awns 4, with prickles pointing downwards. With. Wet ditches, marfhy places. A. July. Aug. Goats eat it. Horfes refufe it. /SHALL . — Bidens. HiiDs.Mr.Wo odw. — Coreopfis Bidens. Leaves fpear-fhaped, ferrated, oppofite, embracing the ftem. Linn. FI. dan. 841, the three JhorteJl of the branches. — Barr. 1209. — H. cx. vi. 5. 22. * If it fhould be proved by obfervation to be a Bidens , let it be referred to that genus, if it be conftant to remain as a fpecies of Coreopfis. Linn. — Frequently on the fame plant with a. Mr. Woodward. — Differs in no refpeeft from a. except in the prefence of radiated florets in the circumference. Thefe florets are wanting in fome of the fpecies of Senecio, &c. Hall, — The Bidens and Coreopfis are truly one genus. St. In England, and very frequent in Ireland. R. fyn. 187. n. 2. — About Tarporley and other places in Chefhire. Huds. — [Nor- folk, but not common. At Ditchingham, Mr. Woodward.] y Hall. Lightf. Curt. Mr. Woodward. St. Bidens minima. Leaves fpear-fhaped, fitting. Flowers and feeds, upright. Linn. — Flowers fome times nodding. Lightf. St. * Florets of the circumference fhort and oval. Mr. Woodward. Curt. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA jEQUALIS. Curt, iii.32./. 8.— FI. dan. 312.— Ray]. 2, thtlargejt. Of nearly equal excellence. Is often feen growing abundantly mixed with B. cermia. In the dry fummer of 1779 many plants of this variety appeared in a pond in my garden then much dried up, on the borders of which the' cernua always grew in great plenty, but amongft which I have never obferved a fingle plant of B. tripartita. Mr. Wood w.— Is either an autumnal feedling from an early plant of the B. cernua, or rendered dwarfifh by accident in its growth. Lightfoot.— Root fibrous. Stem upright, Ample, cylindrical, furrowed above, with 1 flower, 3 to 4 inches high. Leaves fpear-fhaped, ferrated, oppofite. Flower flanting. Empal. leaves feveral, egg-fpear-lhaped, pointed, yellowifh, with many black lines, as long as the florets. Seeds wedge-fhaped, 4"cornerecb awns 4> with prickles pointing backwards. B. cernua grew with it in confiderable quantities, and they appeared to run into one another, or rather, to be one and the fame fpecies, differing only in fize and the number and inclination of the flowers. St. In the fifh pond on the moor near Somerfet Bridge, Surrey. Dill, in R. fyn.— [In a fplafhy rivulet at the bottom ofTittenfor Common, Staffordfhire, and alfo near Birmingham. St.] A. [Odt. St.] 1015. EUPATO'RIUM. Hemp-weed. * Empal. common, oblong; tiled. Scales between llrap and fpear-fhaped ; upright; unequal. B loss, co mpoun d,, uniform; tubular. Flovets with chives* and pointals, equal. Individuals funnel-fhaped. Border with 5 clefts ; Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud xe ry fmall. Shaft thread-fhaped ; very long; cloven down to the chives ; flraight. Summits {lender. S. Vess. none. Cup unchanged. Seeds oblong. Feather downy ; long. Recept. naked. * Liver-hemp might feem to indicate a fpecies of Cannabis. St , Ess. 885 Tips United, Chives and Pointals equal. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Feather downy. Empalement tiled, oblong. Shaft cloven half -way down, long. * Empalements ivith 5 flowers. EUPAT O'RIUM cannabi'num. Leaves fingered, Linn. — fometimes fimple. St. FL dun. yp.—Blackw. 1 10.— Fuchf. 265, cop. in J. B. ii. 1065. 2, imitated in Frag. 491, and Lonic. i. 241. 2. — Matth. 1015, cop. in Dod. 28. 2, Lob. obf. 285. 1; ic. i. 528. 2, Ger. cm. 453. 2, and cop. again in H. ox. vii. 13. 1. — Park. 595. Stems or 4 feet high, branched. Leaflts moftly 3, fometimes 5, fpear-fhaped, (harply ferrated at the hafe, and towards the point very entire. Empal. feales few, (trap-fiiaped. Seeds black, fcored, fmooth, little more than a line long. Feather fitting, hair- like, when viewed with a glafs finely toothed, not 3 lines long. Mr. Woodw.— Stem reddifh, rather cylindrical, (lightly woolly. Leaves ferrated, (lightly woolly. Empal. (tinny, coloured, a little hairy. Florets 5 and G. Blo/s. purpli(h red, clefts (hallow. Shafts and Jummits with a tinge of red. Seed-bud with minute fhining globules. Feather of a iilvery whitenefs; when viewed in a glafs barbed. With. Hemp Agrimony. Dutch Agrimony. Water Agrimony. Water Hemp. Banks of rivers and brooks. p. July# Aug. B Dill. Hods. Leaves (ingle, egg-fpear-fhaped. This is the feedling plant of early (lowers the firft year, and the fecond ) ear, as I have frequently ooferved, it has fingered leaves. Mr. Woodward. — The lower leaves fingered. Di ll. in R.fyn. Leaves with fometimes an expanding fegment on one fide. In fome plants, where the main ftem has been injured, the ftem-ieaves have been fingered, and the branch-leaves fimple. St. Near Lee in the road to Eltham. Di ll.— [Near Butway. SufF. Mr. Woodward.] An infufion of a handful of it vomits and purges fmartly. An ounce of the root in decoction is a full dole. In fmaller dofes the Dutch peafants take it as an alterative and as an antifcorbutic. Goats eat it. Cows, Horfes, Sheep, and Swine refufe it. aM common Vol. II. ro22. SANTOLI'NA. 886 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA i^QUALIS. 1022. SANTO LI'NA. Cotton- weed. ( Ger.) Empal. common, hemifpherical ; tiled. Scales egg-oblong ; pointed ; laid to. Bloss. compound, uniform ; longer than the empal ement. Florets with chives and pointals ; equal ; numerous. Individuals funnel-fhaped ; border with 5 clefts, rolled back. Chives. Threads 5 ; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud 4-cornered ; oblong. Shafts thread- fhaped ; as iong as the chives. Summits 2 ; oblong ; depreffed; lopped. S. Vess. none. Empalement unchanged. Seeds folitary; oblong ; 4-cornered. Feather none. Recept. chaffy ; flattifh. Chaff concave. Ess. Char. Receptacle chaffy. Feather none. Empalement tiled; hemifpherical. fea SANTOLI'NA marit'ima. Fruit-ftalks with 1 flower, in a kind of broad-topped fpikes. Leaves oblong, cottony. Huds. Mill. 135. — J. B iii. a. 157. 2, cop. in Pet. 20. 8. — Lob. adv. 201, repr. uiic. i. 480. 1. — Ger. 516. — Cluj. i. 329. 3, repr. in Dod. 65, Ger. em. G40. 3. — Matth. 860, net in flower. — H. ox. vi. 4. 47. Whale plant cottony. Leaves fpear-fhaped, fcolloped, blunt. Chaff as long as the empalement. Seeds 2- edged, without a feather, whence it fhould feem to be rather a fpecies of Santolina. It is an intermediate plant between this and Athanafla. Linn. — Bioffom yellow and white. Athanafia mar iliraa. Linn. Sea Cudweed. — On the fea fhore. Near Abermeney Ferry in 'Anglefea; and between Penfans and St. Michael’s Mount, Corn- wall. IQe. of Shepey; and near Pool, Dorfetfh. P. July. Order Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. 887 Order II. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLU A; SUPERFLUOUS POINTALS. 1024. TANACE'TUM. Tanfy. Em pal. common, hemifpherical ; tiled. Scales fharp ; compact. r ’ Bloss. compound, tubular; convex. Florets with Chives and Pointals., numerous; tubular; placed in the centie. Flc.ets with only Pointals, a few in the cir- cumference. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped. Border with 5 clefts; relieved. Individuals with only Pointals, with 3 clefts ; more deeply divided on the inner fide. Chives, threads 3; hair-like; very fbort. Lips form ins" a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud, where there are chives and pointals, oblong, final 1. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as ionrr as the chi\es. Summit cloven; rolled back. Sced-bud where there are only pointals, oblong. Shaft fimple. ^ Summits 2 ; relieved. •S. ^ ess. none. Cup unchanged. 'Seeds folitary ; oblong; naked. IRecept. convex ; naked. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Feather with fometimes a Jhallow border. Empalement tiled ; hemifpherical. Bloffom 0/ the florets of the circumference obfeure, with 3 clefts, — fometimes wanting, and all the florets with chives and pointals. T ANACE'TU M vulga're. Leaves doubly winged, common ~ut, ferrated. — 0 Luda. 22. Ft. dan. 871. — Dod. 36. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 432. 1; ic. 749. 1, Cer. em. 650. 1, and cop. in Park. 81 . b.— H. ox. vi. r. row 1. 1 ./. 1, and Pet. 20. g.- Blachv. 464. 3 M 2 —Fuchf. 888 SYNGENESIAPOLYGAMIASUPERFLUA. — Fuchf. 46, cop. in J. B. iii . a. 13 1. 2. — Ger. 525. 1. 7 rag. 158.— Matlh. 908. -—Lome. i. 151. s.—fGmel. ii. 65. 1 , is a dijlinfl variety . J The Jiorets of the circumference fometimes appear in warm fummers. Li nn.— Flowers in broad-topped fpikes. Florets yellow, thofe with chives and pointals with 5 clefts, thofe with pointals with 3 clefts. Relhan .—Stem frequently reddifh. Leaves winged, leafits with winged clefts, wings fpear-fhaped, deeply and acutely ferrated. Broad-topped fpikes terminating, almoft globular. Mr. "Woodward. Tanfy.— Mountainous meadows and pallures, road fides, and borders of corn fields. [Banks of rivers and fwampy places. St.] P. July. Aug. This is a warm deobfiruent bitter, and its flavour not ungrate- ful.— The tender leaves are fometimes ufed to give a colour and flavour to puddings. — If a dead animal fubftance is rubbed with this plant, the fiefh fly will not attack it.— The Finlanders obtain a green dye from it. Cows and Sheep eat it. Horfes, Goats, and Swine refufe it. It gives nourifhment to the Aphis Tanaceti, and Chryfomcla J’anaceti. Linn. — The feeds are an excellent vermifuge. /3 Leaves curled. Ger. 525. 2.— Dod.'^G. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 432. 3 ; ic. i. 749. 2, Ger. an. 650. 2. — Park. 81. a.—J. B. iii. 132. 1025. ARTEMIS'IA. \ V . Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. I0Q5. ARTEMI S'l A. Southernwood. Em pal. common, roundifh ; tiled. Scales rounded; ap- proaching. Bloss. compound. Florets with Chives and Pointals, many ; tubular; placed in the centre. Florets with only Pointals, and almofl: without a petal, in the circum- ference. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped ; border with 5 clefts. Chives. 'Threads 5; hair-like; very fliort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud in thofe that have chives and pointals fmall. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit cloven ; rolled back. In the florets that have only pointals the Seed-bud is very fmall. Shaft thread-fhaped, and longer than in the others. Summit the fame. S. Vess. none. Cup hardly changed. Seeds in all the florets folitary ; naked. Recept. flat; naked; or woolly. Ess. Char. Receptacle fomewhat xvoolly or nearly bare. Feather none. Empalement tiled, zvith rounded approaching feales. Rlofs. of the florets of the circumference wanting. * Stems trailing before the time of flowering. ARTEMIS'IA campef'tris. Leaves with many clefts, field flrap-fhaped. Stems trailing, rod-like. — Ger. 948. 5, Abrot. camp. — J. B. iii. a. 194. 2, cop. in Pet. 20. 4. — Dod. 33. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 442. 3; ic. i. 767. 2, Ger. 1106. 5, cop. in Park. 94. 7. — Malth. 852, cop. in Lonic. ii. 23. 2. Branches fimple,. alternate, from the bofom of the leaves, fome- what nodding. Flowers folitary, pointing one way. The florets with pointals moftly 9, thofe with chives and pointals 8. Summits orbicular, glafs fliaped. Receptacle naked. Linn. — Stems numer- ous, angular, declining, much branched. Branches oppolite, the middle ones longeft. Leaves, the upper frequently fimple, very narrow. Heads very fmall, fcarcely more than a line broad, nu- merous, tingle, cither fitting or in fhort branched fpikes. Empal. feales few, bluntly egg-thaped, approaching, green, flightly downy at the baric, the edges membranaceous, whitifh, fliining. 3 M 3 Florets 88 9 890 syngenesiapolygamiasuperfl.ua. Florets not longer than the empalement. Mr. Woodward.— Blojfom brown. Balks of corn fields and road fides at Elden, Suffolk, and a mile from Barton Mills on the road to Lynne. [Near Thetford on the fide of the road to Norwich. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. Sheep refufe it. fea A RT E M I S ' I A marit'ima. Leaves with many clefts, cottony. Bunches on crooked .fruit-ftalks. The florets which have only pointals 3. * Ger. 940. i.—Pet. 20. 2. — Lob. ic. i. 755. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 1099. 1 , and cop. in H. ox. vi. 2. 20. — H. ox. vi. 2. ig. Whole plant white, of a fnowy white. Flowering-branches crooked. The flowers with only pointals, in the circumference, but 3. Receptacle naked. The feeds feldom ripen in gardens. Linn. — Whole plant white, with thick cotton, Leaves vary much in their divifion; the upper generally Ample, ftrap-fhaped, blunt. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves more or lefs divided in different fituations. Blojfom brown. Sea Wormwood. — Sea fhorcs. [Yarmouth, and elfewhere on the coaft. Mr. Woodward.] P. Aug. This in its wild ftate fmells like Marum or Camphor, but in our gardens it is lefs grateful, though ftill much more grateful than the next fpecies. It is ufed as an ingredient in diftilled waters, and beat with thrice its weight of fine fugar it is formed into a confer’ve. Its virtues are the lame with thofe of the next fpecies, but in a weaker degree. Horfes eat it. Cows, Goats, and Sheep refufe it. y Ret. 20. 3. Near Sheernefs in the Ifle of Shepey. R. fyn. $ Huds. — J. B. iii. a. 177. — Barr. 460. Harwich on the marlh banks on the weft fide of the town, and in Merfey Ifland. Sheernefs in the Ifle of Shepey. R. fyn. * * Stems upright, herbaceous. Leaves compound. Wormwood A R T E M I S 'I A Abfirithium . Leaves compound, with many clefts. Flowers fomewhat globular, pendant. Re- ceptacle woolly. — Ludw. 76. — Blackw. 17. — Matth. 685, cop. in Dod. 23, which repr. in Lob . obf. 433. 2; ic. i. 752- J» 6fr* cm’ l09^- 1fPurk. 98. 1, and H. ox. vi. 1. row 3. 1; and alfo in Ger. 037. 2, and * Linnarus has written tends, but it fhould have been tribus. Tips United, Superfluous PointaJs. 8gi and imitated in Trag. 335, Ger. 037. j, and Pet. 20. 1 —J. R. iii. a. 168. — Gmel. ii. 63. Receptacle hairy. Linn. — Leaves cottony on both fides, green above, white and Alining underneath, the upper with 3 clefts, or Ample, fitting, bluntly fpcar-fhaped. Empal. fcales bluntly egg- fhaped, green, and cottony at the back, the edges membranace- ous. Receptacle down as long as the florets. Mr. Woodward. Stems fcored, whitifh with very fiiort down. Leaves Alky and very foft ; fegments blunt, and the lower on long flat leaf-ftalks. Spikes upright. Flowers turned downwards. With. — Leaves dark green on the upper, but white on the under furface. Blofs. brownifh white. Wormwood. — Road Ades, rocky places, and on rubbifh. P. Aug. The leaves and flowers are very bitter; the roots are warm and aromatic. A confiderable quantity of efl'ential oil rifes from it in. dift illation. This oil is ulcd both externally and internally to deftroy worms. — The leaves, put into four beer, foon deflroy the •acefcency. — They refill putrefaction, and are therefore a principal ingredient in antifcptic fomentations. An infufion of them is a good ftomachic, and with the addition of fixed alkaline fait, a powerful diuretic in fomedropfical cafes. — The afhes afford a more pure alkaline fait than raoft other vegetables, excepting Bean- ftalks, Broom, and the larger trees. — In the Aman. Acad. v. 2. p. 160, Linnaeurs mentions two cafes, wherein an elfence prepared from this plant, and taken for a confiderable time, prevented the formation of ftones in the kidneys or bladder; the patients for- bearing the ufe of wine and acids. It will, like other bitters, weaken the action of the nervous fyftem, but in thefe inllances no fuch effect took place. — An infufion of it given to a woman that fuckles, makes her milk bitter. — It gives a bitternefs to the flefli of Sheep that eat it. Horfes and Goats are not fond of it. Cows and Swine refufe it. Linn. — Turkeys are fond of it. Mr. Holleff.ar. — AHorfe cat it. The plant fteeped in boiling water, and repeatedly applied to a bruife, will remove the pain in a fhort time, and prevent the fu elling and difcoloration of the part. St. ARTEMIS' IA vulga'ris. Leaves with winged clefts, Mugwort fiat, cut, cottony underneath. Bunches Ample, bowed backwards. Florets of the circumference 5. — Ludw. 153. — Blackiv. 431. — H. ox. vi. 1. row 2. 2 . f. 3. — Mattk, 848, cop. in Dod. 33. 1, which repr. in Lob. obj. 441. 1; ic. i. 764. 2, Ger.em. 1103. 1, and cop. in Park, go, and 51. 2.— Gcr. 54.5. 1. 2 ,—Fuchf. 44, cop. in J. B. iii. a. 184. ' 3, and imitated in Trag. 344. — Louie, i. 151. i\ 3 M 4 Receptacle 892 SYN GENESIA POLY GAMI A SUPERFLU A. Receptacle naked. Linn. — Stem angular, fcored, often red, downy above. Leaves above, green and (lightly cottony; under- neath white with thick cotton; wings oval-fpear-fhaped, deeply ferrated, almoftlobed, the terminating one large, with 3 lobes. Empal. fcales extremely woolly; edges not membranaceous. Florets longer than the empalement. Mr. Woodward. — Stems afcer.d- ing, branched, fcored, reddifh purple. Leaves dark green and fmooth above, cottony and whitifh underneath. Fruit-flalks alter- nate, from the bofom of the leaves. Blojom purplifh. W ith. Mvgwort. — Borders of fields, ditch banks, and on rubbifh. P. Aug. In fome countries it is ufed as a culinary aromatic. — A decoc- tion of it is taken by the common people to cure the Ague. The Chinefe make ufe of it in healing wounds, applying the frefh plant bruifed. Osbeck i. 394. — A dram of the leaves pow- dered, was given four times a day, by Dr. Home, to a woman who had been affedted with hyfteric fits for many years. The fits ceafed in a few days. In this patient Affafcetida and ./Ether had been given to no purpofe. Sheep and Swine refufe it. Neither Horfes, Cows, or Goats are fond of it. Linn. The Aphis Abfmthii, and the Fhalcena Gamma, live upon the feve- ral fpecies. * * * Leaves fimple. bluijh ARTEMI S'lA ccvrulef'ccns. Stem-leaves fpear- fhaped, entire ; root-leaves with many clefts. Flowers with only pointals, 3. — . H. ox. vi. 1. 5. — Dod. 26. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 441. 2; ic. i. 765. 2, Ger. em. 1104. 3. — Matth. 687, ill cop. in Ger. 046. Leaves woolly on both tides. Flowers cylindrical, nodding. Florets of the circumference 3. Hence its very clofe affinity to A. maritima, from which however it differs totally in its leaves. Linn. Sea tliorcs. Near Bolton in Lincolnfhire. P. Aug. 1026. G NAP HA* Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. lo2 6. G NAP HAL'I U M. Cudweed. Em pal. common, roimdifh; tiled. Scales egg-fhaped ; ap- proaching ; the upper more flexible. Bloss. compound. Florets until Chives and Pointals, tubular; fometimes mixed with the other florets, without either chives or petals. Individuals with Chives and Pointals funnel-fhaped. Border with 5 clefts ; reflected. Individuals with only Pointals, without petals. Chives. Threads 5 ; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. 0 Point. Seed-bud where there are chives and pointals egg-fhaped. Shaft ; thread-fhaped, as long as the chives. Summit cloven. Seed-bud, where there are only pointals, e^- fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the other. Summit cloven; reflefted. S.Vess. none. Cup permanent ; fhinino-. Seeds in all the florets folitary; oblong ^finall ; crowned with a Feather. Recept. naked. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Feather downy. Empalement tiled ; the fcales at the edge of the empalement rounded ; Jkinny ; coloured. Oss. In fome fpecies the Feather is hair-like; in others downy. In one fpecies the Chives and Pcintals are on diftindl plants. * Herbaceous, Goldilocks. GjS A P H A L' I U M lu'teo-album. Herbaceor-s. Leaves Iferfey lword-fhaped ; hall embracing the Item; Terpentine at the edge; blunt; downy on both furfaces. Flowers crowded clofe together. — Fluk.3i. 6.— Barr. 3 67.-7. B • iii. a. 160. 2, cop. in Pet. 18. 5- Ger. 522* 3- Cluf. i. 329. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 643. 13, and cop. in Park. 686. 6, and H. ox. vii. 1 1 . row 2./. 3d.— Lob. ic. i.485. 2, cop. in Park. 688. 9. Plant very woolly. Empalement yellowilh, white, foft; fcales egg-fpear-lhaped. Florets with only Pointals in the circumference numerous. Linn. — llorels of the circumference with only pointals; in the centre a few with chives and pointals. Ha ll. 893 Chryfocome 894 SYNGENESI A POLYG AMI A SUPERFLUA. Chryfocome Galeni. Ger. 522. — Gnaphalium oblongo folio. Ger. em. 643. — Gnaphalium fupinum oblongo folio. Park. 686. — Helichryfum feu Chryfocome annua fylveflris capitulis minoribus conglobalis. H. ox. III. p. 88. n. 20. St. Everlafling. Live-for-ever. Dry banks and walls in the Ifland of Jerfey, very common. R. fyn.— Sea coaft of Wales. GER.em. — Weft fea coafts. Park. A. July. Aug. A Horfe refufed it. St. - ✓ ** Herbaceous, Silverlocks. American #GNAPHAL'IUM americanum. Herbaceous. Leaves ftrap-fpear-fhaped, tapering; alternate. Stem branched towards the top. Flowers in level broad-topped fpikes. — Muni. 614. 170. — Cluf. i. 327. 3, repr. in Ger. em. 641. 8, and cop. in Pet. 18. 3. — J. B. iii. a. 162. 2. — Park. par. 373. 3. Florets with chives and pointals, and a few with only pointals. Hall. — Stem extremely cottony, white. Lewes numerous, ftrap- fpear-fhaped, long, fitting, growing without order; very entire, dark green and naked above, underneath greenifh white, with a thick cotton. Flowering-branches with numerous crouded heads at the end on fhort branched cottony fruit-ftalks, with a middle one fitting. Empalement bluntly egg-fhaped, white, not cottony. Feather Ample, fitting, as long as the empalement. Mr. Woodward. Meadows, paftures, and banks of rivers. P. Aug. Cat'sfoot GN APH AL'IUM dioi’eum. Runners trailing. Stem undivided. Flowers in a Ample broad-topped fpike. Chives and pointals on diftinFt plants. — barren Linn. Plant with barren flowers. St. — Dod. 68. 1. 2, repr. in Lob. ic. i. 483. i.2, and Ger. em. 640. 4 and 5. fertile Linn. Plant with fertile flowers. — Light/. 20. 1. at p. 471. — Ludw. 163. — Cluf. i. 330. 1, repr. in Dod. 68. 3, Lob. ic. i. 483. 3, Ger. em. 641. 6, and cop. in Park. 690. f. 5, and pet. 18. 4. — Fuchf. 606, cop. in J. ]]. iii. a. 162. 3, and imitated in Louie, i. 95. 2. — H. ox. vii. 11 .row 3 . f. 2. — Frag. 332. —Garid. 30. at p. 168. — Ger. 516. 4, 5, 6. — Lob. adv. 202. 2, cop. in ic. i. 482. 2. In the barren plants the heads almoft globular; in the fertile ones nearly cylindrical. Linn. — The fowers with chives and pointals fhould feem to be unfruitful. Hall. — In my fpecimens of the f outers with only pointals thefeedsare imperfect, and in thofe with chives and pointals there are none. I believe it is rarely that ripe feeds are produced at all, as is the cafe with many plants which creep at the Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. 895 the root. Root woody, brown, with a few ft iff fibres. Runners feveral, creeping, leafy, from the crown of the root. Root-leaves in a thick tuft, oval at the end, tapering below into a long leaf- ftalk, green and fiightly hairy above, underneath white with a thick cotton; ftem-leaves numerous, ftrap-fhaped, half embracing the ftern, green above, white and cottony underneath. Stems upright, Ample, 3 to 7 inches high, white, cottony. Heads 3 to 8, on fhort fruit-ftalks. Empal. fcales blunt, the outer fhort, green, cottony; the inner widening upwards, long, fmooth, fhining, white, frequently tinged with purple; in the barren plants fhorter. Seeds fhort; feather fitting, with fimple rays, that of the fertile plants longer than the empalement; that of the barren plants not exceeding the empalement. Mr. Woodward. — Blojfom white, purple, reddifh. Cat'sfoot. — Dry mountainous paftures in the North of England, Wales and Cornwall, and on Newmarket Heath- not far from Bottefham Beacon. [Canham Heath near Bury, S waff ham Heath, Stratton Heath, Norfolk. Mr. Pitchford.] P. May. June. Horfes, Sheep, and Swine eat it. Cows and Goats refufe it. * * * Refemblmg the Filago's. GNAPHAL'IUM fylvat'icum. Stern herbaceous, upright undivided, upright. Flowers fcattered. — Matth. 1194, imitated in Ger. 515. 1, which cop. in Ger. em. 639, 1, and abridged in H. ox. vii. 11. 1. — Lob. adv. 202. 1, repr. inic. i. 482.3, G. angl. and improved in Pet. 18. 6. — J. B. iii. a. 160. 1. — FI. dan. 254.* — Scop. 56, at ii . p. 151. Rowers with only pointals numerous; jlowerswith chives and pointals 4 or 5. Hall. — Learn green and hairy above, white and cottony underneath; root-leaves long, ftrap-fpear-fhaped, very narrow, in open ground forming a thick tuft; Jlem-leaves ftrap-fhaped, em- bracing the ftem, numerous. Stem In tvoods frequently folitary, 12 to 18 inches high, in open ground feveral from one root, fhorter, often at firft declining, but veryfoon afcending. Flowers in a long bunch. 1‘ lower -Jlalks very fhort, lateral, from the bofom of the leaves, with from 1 to 5 or more flowers, the lowermoft fomewhat diftant, the upper crowded. Flower-leaves fimilar to, but fmalier than the ftem-leaves. Heads very fmall. Empalement bluntly oval, grcenifh at the bafe, yellowifh brown upwards, fmooth, with fhining edges; the outer fhort, the inner as long as the florets. Seeds minute; feather fitting, as long as the empalement; rays * Much too large. Leaves too broad and fpear-fhaped. Mr. Woodw. St. 896 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. rays fimple. Mr. Woodward. — $levi fometimes only 3 inches high. Florets with chives and pointals 3. Feather hair-like. St. — Leaves narrow, fharp, downy underneath. Cups white, fhining. Blojfom, yellowifh. Paftures and woods in a fandy foil. — Rough paftures near Flad- bury, Worcefterfhire. Nash. — [On the great Illand in Winan- dermere. Armingdale Wood near Norwich. Mr. Woodward. — Sandy heathamilefrom Shiffnallon theroadto Wolverhampton. Banks of the canal in the parifh of Cofeley, Warwickfh. St.] B. Aug. Goats eat it. ' dwarf GNAPHAL'IUM fupt'mm. Stem herbaceous, undivided, trailing. Flowers fcattered. — Lightf'. 20. 2. at p. 471. — Scop. 57. at ii.p. 152. — Bocc. rar. 20. 1 . at p. 41, is referred to by Flaller — ( Lob. obf. 256. 1 , repr. in ic. i. 484. 2, more nfembles my fpecimens of Filago Leontc- podium.) Florets with moftly pointals, but a few in the centre of the difc with chives and pointals. Lightf. — Root-feauesftrap-fpear-fhaped, flightly hairy above, underneath cottony, and greenifh white, one half to three quarters of an inch long, in tufts; Jlem-leaves fitting, narrower and longer. Stem one and a half to three inches high. Heads 3 and 4, much larger than thofe of G. fylvaticum , alternate, either fitting, or on fhort cottony fruit-ftalks, from the bofom of the upper leaves, which are not longer than the heads. Empal. fcales fpear-fhaped, with a green longitudinal line at the bafe; the tips and edges fhining, of a brownifh yellow. Seeds elliptical; feather fitting, rays fimple, as long as the Horets and longer than the empalement. Specimen from Dr. Smith gathered on Ben Lomond. Mr. Woodward. Gnaphalium alpinum ? Lightfoot. Dry mountainous paftures and meadows. At the foot of a hill 5 miles from Fort George, on the Weft fide of the road to Aberdeen. Tops of the Highland Mountains not unfrequent. [On the top of Ben Lomond. Dr. Sm ith.] P. July. Aug. Uask-headed GNAPHAL'IUM uliginofum . Stem herbaceous, branched, fpreading. Flowers crowded, terminating, — 77. dan. 859. — H. cx. vii. 11. 14 . /. 4, right hand branch good. — Dod. C5. 3, repr. in Lob. ic. i. 481. 1, Ger. em. 639. 2, and cop. in Far!;. 686. 4. — Fet. 18. 7. — Ger. 515. Stem 3 to 9 inches high or more, upright, with a thick white cotton, much branched; branches fpreading, more cottony and thicker Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. 897 thicker towards the end, the lower often trailing, cloathed with numerous leaves, particularly towards the end, and thefe thickeft and moft cottony. Leaves elliptical, tapering into a long leaf-ftalk, flightly cottony andgreeniih above, more cottony and whitifh under- neath. Flowers nearly litting. Empal. feales fpear-fhaped, fmooth, brown, fhining, when in feed blackifh, almoft hid in the cotton. Feather fitting, with fimple rays, as long as the empalement. Mr. Woodward. — Whole plant, particularly the bafe of the cups and fruit-ftalks, covered with a cottony fubftance. Leaves ftrap-fhaped. Flowers globular. Empalement fhining, yellovvifh-brown-green ; feales fkinny, inner ones oblong. Feather as long as the floret, not downy. With . — Empalement brown or black. Blofs. yellowifh. In watery places, efpecially where ftagnant water has flood during the winter. A. Aug. Cows and Goats refufe it. GNAPHAL'IUM gaNicum. Stem herbaceous, grafs-leaved forked, upright. Flowers awl-fhaped, from the bofom of the leaves. Leaves thread-fhaped. Huds. St. Pluk. 298. 3, cop. in Fet. 18. 12. — (H. ox. vii. 11. 14./. 4, is G. uliginofum.J Leaves fomewhat cottony, but fmooth, not hairy. Linn. — Florets with chives, and florets with pointals. Hall. — Whole plant cottony, but the cotton fhortcr than either that of the germa- nicum or montanum. Stem much branched. Leaves awl-fhaped, half embracing the ftem, about an inch long. Mr. Woodward, Filago gallica. Linn. Gravelly corn fields. In fandy ground about Caftle Havening- ham, Effex. [Heaths, Derbyfhire. Mr. Woodward.] GNAPHAL'IUM monta'num. Stem herbaceous, leafl fomewhat forked. Flowers conical, from the bofom of the leaves, and terminating. Huds. St. Notes Sept. 9, 1777. — Seeds of the circumference without a feather. St.* Pet. 18. n. — H. ox. vii. 11. 3. a. — Ger. 517. 8. — Lob. ic. i. 481. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 641. g-,- and cop. in J. B. iii. a. 159. and H. ox. vii. 11.3.4. Stem much branched, cottony. Leaves fpear-fhaped, fitting, preffed to the ftem, cottony, 3 or 4 lines long. Mr. Woornv. — • Stems upright or fpreading, 2 to 6 inches high. Leaves preffed to. Heads roundifh, fometimes from the fides, with from 3 to 5 flowers. F/oam pyramidal, 5 cornered, fitting or on very fhort fruit- * Seminibus radialibus nudis. St. 898 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. fruit-ftalks. Florets zvith chives and pointals 4, in the very centre, fertile; zvith pointals about 15 in the difc and 4 or 5 in the circum- ference lying within the fcales of the common empalement, all fertile. Tips of the florets with chives and pointals 4, with 2 briftles at the bafe. Blofs. clefts 4. Seeds of all the florets of the centre fprinkled with very fhort glandular hairs, crowned with a feather; thofe of the florets of the circumference veryfmooth and without a feather. Feather hair-like. Hence it appears that one fper.ies at leaft of Linnaeus’s Filago belongs to the Polygamia Stiper- jlua clafs, according in ftrudlure as well as habit with the Gnapha- liums. St. — Leaves numerous, cottony. Blofs. yellowifh brown. Filago montana. Linn. Sandy meadows and paftures. A. July. Aug, Sheep eat it. Goats and Cows refufe it. common GNAPHAL'ISM german'icum. Stem herbaceous, upright, branched. Panicle forked. Heads rounded, from the bofom of the leaves and terminating. Huds. St. Notes Sept. 2, 1777. — Heads globular. Linn. St. Skeldr. 92. — Park. 685. 3, cop. in Pet. 18. 10. — Fuchf. 222, cop. in J. B. iii.a. 158, and imitated in Louie, i. 174.3. — Mallli. 8G1. — Dod. 66. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 255. 1; ic. i. 480. 2, Ger. em. 642. 10, abridged in H. ox. vii. 11. 10, and Pet. 18. 9.— Ger. 517. 9. Empalement 5-cornered. Florets with pointals not within the common empalement, but between the fcales of the empalement. Linn.- — Seeds with a feather. Reich. Mr. Woodward.- — Stem fometimes uptight, undivided, and the flowers which are in the bofom of the leaves fitting. Huds. — Stems feveral, the central one thickeft and tailed:, leafy. Leaves ftrap-fpear-fhaped, fitting, waved, cottony. Mr. Woodward. — Branches horizontal, moftly 2 and fometimes 3 from below the head terminating the flem, each terminated by fimilar heads, from the bafe of which o'therbranches proceed, fubdividing feveral times fo as to appear forked. Flozziers 5-cornered. Florets of 3 kinds. Florets ok the centre of the disc 2 or 3, with chives and pointals, tubular; borderwith 4 clefts. Seed-bud with a feather. Florets of the sides of the disc numerous, with only pointals; border with 4 clefts, upright; feeds fertile, with a feather. Florets between the OUTER SCALES OF THE EMPALEMENT. Seeds oblong. LEERS. St. — Stems upright, branched at the top. Branches lateral, Mat- tered, expanding, fimple, or forked, rifing above the ftem. blowers conical, fitting, yellowifh brown. Heads folitary, fur- rounded with fcattcrcd leaves. Blofjvm ef the central florets cylin- drical, Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. drical, whitifh; mouth with 4 teeth bent back, yellowifh; that of ■ the florets of the centre white; mouth with 4 teeth upright, with glo- bular points. Chives 4. Ttps with 2 briftles at the bafe fimilar to thofe in Inula. Seeds of the florets of the centre and difc oblong, com- prefled, greenilh brown, befet with white pellucid glands, crowned with a feather; thofe within the outer fcales of the empalement abortive. St. — Empal. outer fcales very woolly; the inner fkinny, fpear- Ihaped, ending in long taper points. Blojfom yellowifh. Seed-buds in all the florets rough, and crowned with a feather. With. — Empalement g-c ornered; fcales glofTy and fharp. Blojfom brown. Gnaphalium caule ereSlo, I3c. Linn. fl. lapp. and fl. fuec. ed. i. —Filago pyramidata. Fl. fuec. ed. u.— Filago germanica. LiNN.fp. pi. and fyft. veg. Cudweed. Chafewecd. Barren meadows and {Siftures, and road fides. A. July. Aug. It is given to cattle that have the bloody flux; and hath been tried with fuccefs in fimilar complaints of the human body, A Horfe eat it. St. 899 goo S YNGENESI A POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA 1030. CONY'ZA. Plowman’s-wort.* E;mp a l. common, tiled; oblong; fcurfy. Scales Ih arp ; the outer a little expanded. Bloss. compound, tubular, I lovcts with Chives and Point als numerous; tubular; in the centre. Florets with only Pointals without petals ; roundifh ; in the circum- ference. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped. Border with 5 clefts ; open. Individuals with only Pointals, funnel-fhaped. Border cloven into 3 fegments. Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; ve§y fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud where there are chives and pointals ob- long. Shaft as long as the chives; thread-fhaped. Summit cloven. Seed-bud where there are only pointals oblong. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long, but more (lender than the other. Summits 2 ; very (lender. S. Vess. none ; the cup clofing. Seeds in all the florets folitary ; oblong. Feather Ample. Recept. naked ; flat. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Feather fimple. Empalement tiled; roundifh. Blojfoms of the circumference ze/ith 3 clefts. Spikenard CONY'ZA fquarrofa. Leaves fpear-fhaped, pointed. Stem herbaceous. Flowers in a broad-topped fpike. Empal. fcurfy. — Blackw. 102.— J. B. ii. 1051. 2, in feed. — Matlh. 870, cop. in Cluf. ii. 21. 2, which repr. in Do 'd. 51. 2, Lob. obf. 308. 3, ic. i. 574. 1, Ger. em. 792, and cop. in Park. 114, and Pet. 18. 1, and abridged in H. ox. vii. 19.23, in feed. — FI. dan. 622. Stems a foot high, upright, panicled above, purplifh, with a white wool I inefs. Branches ftraight. Leaves egg-oblong, terminat- ing in leaf-ftalks, wrinkled, ferrated, expanding, bowed back. Flowers terminating, ftraight. Linn . hort. upf.—Stem 2 to 3 feet high and more, firm, fomevvhat angular, fcored, downy. Leaves bluntly The name Spikenard fhoukl be referred for the generic name, when the true Spikenard (hall be difeovered. Sr. goi Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. bluntly o val - fpea r- fh a ped , irregularly ferrated, woolly on both fides, decreafing in fize upwards, thofe at the bafe of the flowering branches fpear-fhaped, or ftrap-fpear-fhaped, fcarce perceptibly ferrated. Flows numerous. Fruit-falks fhort, woolly. Roral teaves fpear-lhaped, fmall, i on each fruit-flalk. Empal. fcales ltrap-fpear-fhaped, numerous, the lower green, the upper yel- lowifh, the points green and expanding. Sieds fmall, blackifh, furrowed; feather fitting, as long as the empal. Mr. Wood w.— Stem nearly cylindrical, reddifh, rough with fhort woolly hairs. Leaves woolly underneath, and hairy above. Empal fcales pur- p:iih at the edge, with very fhort woolly hairs on the outfide. Blofs. yellow; ferrets without pointals in the circumference with petals; individuals with only pointals (lightly cloven into 3, have at hr ft fight the appearance of a funnel-lhaped floret, but are really more^of the nature of a ftrap-fhaped floret. With.— Blojfom dufky purple, or yellowifh. .Great Flea-bane. Plowman's Spikenard. Mountainous meadows and paftures, and road fides in a cal- careous foil. [Woods in Norfolk in a clayey foil, very common. Df. Smith.] B. July. Aug. 1 *\ K 3*N 1031. ERIG'ERON. 9°2 SYNGENESI A POLYGAMI A SUPERFLUA . 1031. ERIG'ERON. Flea-bane. Em pal. common, oblong; cylindrical; tiled. Scales awl- fhaped ; upright ; gradually longer ; nearly equal. Bloss. compound, radiate. Florets that have both Chives and Pointals tubular ; in the centre. Florets that have only Pointals narrow; in the circumference. Individuals with Chives and Pointals funnel-fhaped. Border with 5 clefts. Individuals with only Pointals narrow ; between flrap and awl-fflaped ; upright ; generally very entire. On ives; ‘threads 5 ; hair-like; very fhort. tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud where there are chives and pointals very final] ; crowned with a feather longer than its blofs. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the feather. Summits 2; oblong; rolled back. Seed-bud where there are only pointals very fmall ; Crowned with a feather ; nearly as long as its blolfom. Shaft hair-like; as long as the feather. Summits 2 ; very flender. S. Vess. none. Cup doling. Seeds in all the florets oblong ; fmall. Feather long. Recept. naked ; flat. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Feather hairy. Blofs. rays Jlrap-Jhaped ; very narrow. Obs. There are fometimes florets in the central part that have only chives and no pointals. Canada ERIG'ERON canaden'fe. Stem and flowers panicled, rough with hair. Leaves fpear-fhapecl, fringed. — Bccc. rar. 46. at p. 86, cop. in H. cx. vii. 20. 29, and Pet. iC. 12. — -Zanon. 23. 1. Stem firm, frequently crooked, much branched towards the top. Leaves, the lower oval, tapering into a leaf-ftalk; thofe above lpear-lhaped, with diftant lerratures, (lightly hairy above, more fo underneath ; thofe at the bafe of, and on the branches, flrap- fpear- fhaped, very entire, fitting. Flowers numerous. Fruit-Jialks llender, hranched and Ample. Empal. outer feales fhort, the inner longer, ftrap-fhaped, with a green line along the back, whitifh and mem- branaceous at the edge. 1 lords very fmall. Seeds minute. Feather fitting, Ample, as long as the florets. Mr. Woodward. — Florets Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. in the centre yellow; thofe in the circumference white, with a tinge of red. Cultivated ground and on rubbilh. About London, common. A. Aug. ERI G'ERON a'cre. Fruit-ftalks alternate, with i blue flower. Linn. — to 3 flowers. Sr.* Curt. i. 5. — J. B. ii. 1043. 2* — Dorf. 641. 4, repr. in Ger. em. 484. 10, and cop. in Park. 126. 6, and Pet. 16. 4. — Col. ecphr. ii. 26. 2. — H. ox. vii. 20. 25, ill done. Stem fometimes much branched. Curt. St. — Stems G to 18 inches high, fomewhat angular, hairy, often purple. Leaves, the lower oval, tapering down into a leaf.ftalk; the upper fpear- ftiaped, the*uppermoft ftrap-ftiaped, hairy on both fides, but moftly at the edge, very entire, often waved at the edge. Empal. fcales unequal, awl-lhaped, hairy. Florets of the circumference purple, a little longer than thofe of the centre; florets of thecentre yellow. Feather fitting, fimple, yellow, as long as the florets. Mr. Woodw. — Stem undivided, near 2 feet high, hairy. Leaves fpear-fhaped, alternate, fitting, hairy. Fruit-Jlalks about one inch and a half long. Florets of the circumference few, of a fine purple. With. Very dry meadows and paftures in a calcareous foil. [Narford, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.] B. July.— Sept. The Germans take a decodtion of it to attenuate vifcid phlegm. Cows and Goats refufe it. * Pedunculis r-3-floris. 3 N2 9 03 1032. TUSSILA'GO. 9°4 common SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 1032. TUSSILA'GO. Colt’s-foot. > Em pal common, cylindrical. 'Scales fpear-fhaped ; narrow; equal ; 15 or 20. Bloss. compound, various. Florets with Chives and Pointals in fome. fpecies all tubular, in others only tubular in the centre. Florets with , only Pointals in fome fpecies narrow ; in others entirely wanting. Individuals with Chives and Pointals funnel-fhaped. Border with 4 or 5 clefts ; (harp ; refle6ted ; longer than the empalement. Individuals with only Pointals, either norfe at all, or very narrow ; entire ; longer than the empalement. Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud where there are chives and pointals fhort. Shaft thread-lhaped ; longer than the chives. Summit thickifh. Seed-bud where there are only pointals fhort. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the other. Summit thickifh ; cloven. S. Vess. none. Cup but little changed. Seeds in all the florets folitary; oblong; compreffed. Feather hairy ; handing on a pillar. Recept. naked. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked.' Feather Jimple. Empal. feales equal; as Long as the dife; fomewhat membranaceous . Obs. In F. hybrida and Pelafites there are no narrow florets in the circumference, but there are florets with only pointals, with- out bloffoms. The T. Farfara has always narrow florets in the circumference, furaifhed only with pointals. TUSSILA'GO Far'fara. Stalk tiled, with 1 flower. Leaves fomewhat heart-fhaped, angular, finely toothed. Curt. ii. 13. — Wale. — Ludyu. 50. — Blackw. 204. — FI. dan. 595. — H. ox. vii. 12. row 1. 1 ./. 1. — Dod. 5g6. 1 and 2, repr. in Lob. obj. 320. 1 and 2; ic. i. 589. 1 and 2, Ger. em. 81 r, and cop. in Ger. 666, Park. 1220, and Pet. 17. 8 and 7. — Fuchf. 140, cop. in J . H. iii. b. 563. 3, and Frag. 418. — Mdlth. 844, Jlalks ill done. — Lonic. i. 226. 2, Powers 9°5 Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. Flowers with rays. Florets of the circumference very entire. Feather fitting. Leers. St. — Root creeping. Leaves appearing as the flowers are going off, with feveral blunt lobes, ffiarply toothed, green above with reddifh veins, white and cottony underneath, the cotton eafily rubbing off. Leaf-falks long, reddifh brown. Stalks numerous, folitary or in duffers, 3 to 5 inches high, length- ening after flowering, cottony, clothed with fpear-fhaped feales embracing the ftalk, of a green mixed with brown. Flowers while in bloffom upright, after flowering hanging down, but when the feather of the feeds expand becoming upright again. Empal. feales (trap -fhaped, reddifh browm. Bloffom yellow. Florets of the cir- cumference very narrow, in 2 or 3 rows, as long as the empale- ment, expanding. Florets of the centre tubular, fwelling upwards; clefts 5, fpear-fhaped, bent back. Summit before the tips have difeharged their duff covered by them, club-fhaped and fimple, but afterwards lengthened beyond them. Feather fitting, longer than the empalement. Mr. Wo o dw.— Stalks with a thin whitifh cotton, and fprinkled with numerous blackifh brown, upright, club-fhaped hairs. Summit of the fiorets with chives and pointals knob- bed, oblong, flefhy, fomewhat lopped, (lightly cloven at the end; of the ferrets with only pointals cloven, upright, net thicker than the fhaft. Seeds of the ferets with chives and pointals barren, empty, (horter; thofe of the ferrets with only pointals fertile. I give the above only as the refult of my own examinations, not afferting it to be uniformly fo. But the analogy between the ftrudture of the fum- mits, and thofe of the order Folygamia necef'aria, induce me to believe the barrennefs of the florets with chives and pointals to be the confequence of the ffrutffure of the fummit. St.— Stalks and empalement befet with very fine fhort hairs, terminating in globular heads. Scales on the ftalk tinged with brownifh pink. Receptacle dotted, with a very fmall white fubftance at the bottom of each hollow dot. With. Colt's foot. — Failures and moiftifh places, in moift, ft iff, clayey foil, and on limeftone rubbifh. P. March. April. The downy fubftance on the underfurface of the leaves, wrapped in a rag, dipped in a folution of Saltpetre, and dried in the fun, makes the beft tinder. — The leaves are the balls of the Britifh Herb Tobacco.— They are fomewhat auftere, bitterifh, and mu- cilaginous to the tafte. — They were formerly much ufed in coughs and confumptive complaints; and perhaps not without reafon,' for Dr. Cullen has found them to do confiderable fervice in fcrophulous cafes; he gives a decodlion of the dried leaves, and finds it fucceed where fea-water has failed. Cullens Mat. Med. p. 458.— And Fuller relates a cafe of a girl, with twelve fcrophulous 3 N 3 fores, go6 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. fores, who was cured by drinking daily as much as fhe could, ior above four months, of a decocftion of the leaves made fo ftrong as to be fweetifh and glutinous. Med. Gymn. p. gi. Goats and Sheep eat it. Cows are fond of it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. Linn.— A Horfe eat it. St. long-JIalked TUSSILA'G O hy'brida. Panicle oblong. Flowers with only pointals numerous, without bloffoms. — Dill. elih. 230. 297. Florets tubular, with chives and pointals, and with only point- als. Linn. — Feather fitting. Leers.— Leaves exadlly like thofe of T. Petafitcs. Stalk 1 to 2 feet high, with numerous feales embrac- ing the (talk, like thofe of T. Petafites. Fruil-ftalks branched, woolly, with feveral flowers. Flowers fmalier than thofe of 7. Petafites. Empalement bellying, flightly cottony; feales nearly equal, pale green, purplifh at the points and edges. Horets with only pointals numerous, white, flightly and irregularly cloven into 5 or 4 fegments clofely embracing the fhaft. Florets with chives and pointals ufually i, fometimes 2 in the centre, but frequently want- ing; purplifh without, white within; the tube narrow, fwelling upwards, and divided into 5 equal, bluntly fpear-fhaped, expand- ing fegments. Tips purple, fhorter than the bloffom. Shajt longer than the bloffom. Summit flightly cloven, where there are chives and pointals club-fhaped, where only pointals flender. Defcribed from a growing plant, but not wild. Mr. Woodward. — Panicle 6 inches long, tapering at the end. Fruit-flalks in fome plants with only 1 flower, fcattcred, horizontal, or expanding, thread-fhaped, flex- ible, with feales, 3 times as long as the flowers. Florets witk chives and pointals 1, in the centre of the dife, funnel-fbaped, longer than the feather. Seeds in what I have examined, but they have been only dried fpecimens, generally abortive, never having found more than 1 fertile feed. St. — (T. hybrida. Retz. obj. i. go, mull from the defeription of its leaves be a different plant. Mr. Wo o DWARD.) Moift meadows. Near Loughborough, and other places in Leicefterfhire. [Near Banbury, Oxfordfhire, Dill. elth. p. 310. ( Mr. Woodward.] P. April. Butterbur TUSSILA'GO Petafites. Panicle egg-fhaped. Florets with only pointals few, Linn. — entirely wauling in our plants. Leers. Curt. Mr. Woodward. St. Curt. ii. 23. — Blackw. 222. — FI. dan. 84.2. — Cluj. ii. 116. 1 and 2, repr. in Dod. 597, Lob. obf. 321. 2 and 3; ic. i. 591, Gcr. em. 814, and cop. in Pet. 15. 12 and ij, and imitated in Ger, 668; the Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. 668; the flowers cop. in H. ox. vii. 12. 1. /. 3; and the leaves in Park. 419 ./. 3. — Fuchf. 645, cop. in J. B. iii. 566. 2, Trag. 415, and Lonic. i. 226. 1. — Matth. 845. Leaves the largeft of any of our native plants. Flowers appear before the leaves, as they do alfo in T. Farfnra and moil other fpring plants. Linn. — Florets with only pointals amongft thofe with chives and pointals, 2 or 3, fcarcely to be laid to have petals, ftrap-fhaped, white. Linn, the son. — Florets generally all with chives and pointals, but fometimes a few, as 5 or 6, with oyly pointals , with a cloven fummit. Seeds of the florets with only pointals perfect. Hall. — Feather tilting. Leeks. — Seeds altogether barren. Curt. St. Notes May 21, 1 777. — Shaft thread-fhaped. Summit knobbed, fpear-oblong, the point cloven. Compare this with the obferva- tions on T. Farfara. The thick-headed club-like fummit I believe may be depended upon as a certain mark of barrennefs in the flo- rets of the compound flowers of the Syngenetia clafs, and evinces the propriety of removing this genus to the order Polygamia necef- faria. How they are propagated, unlefs by lateral fhoots, I do not know, but this will not account for its general diflulion over the ifland, unlefs we fuppofe that, in this country, as well as in Switzerland and Sweden, they fometimes produce a few florets with only pointals interfperfed among the reft. St. — Stalk 8 to 12 inches high, with numerous fpear-lhaped feales embracing the ftaik. Florets all with chives and pointals and tubular; at the bafe nar- row and greenifh white; upwards fvvelling, and reddifh without, and white within, deeply divided into 5.fpear-fhaped expanding fegments. Tips as long as the bloflom, purplifh. Dufl yellow. Pointal white. Summit club-fhaped, downy, fhorter than the tips before they have difeharged their duft, longer afterwards. Mr. Woodward. Butterbur. Peftilev.t-wort. Moift meadows and paftures, and banks of rivers. [In a meadow on the weft fide of Wellington, Shroplhirc; and in Motherfea Brook near Stone, Staffordfhire. With.] P. Mar. Apr. The roots abound with a refinous matter. They have a ftrong fmell and a bittcrifh acrid tafte. Horfes, Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Its large leaves afford fhelter from fhowers to poultry and other fmall animals, Linn. 3 N 4 9°7 >033. SENE'CIO. S YNGENESI A POLY GAMIA SUPERFLUA. 1033. SENE'CIO. Groundfel. Em pal. common, double; conical; lopped. Scales awl- fhaped ; numerous ; contiguous ; equal ; dead at the ends ; parallel ; contracted above into a cylinder; the bale tiled by a few lcales. Bloss. compound, taller than the cup. Florets with Chives and Poh rials tubular ; numerous; in the centre. Florets ivith only Pointals, if any ; narrow ; in the cir- cumference. Individuals with Chives and Pointals funnel-fhaped. Border reflected ; with 5 clefts. Individuals with only Pointals, if any, oblong; with 3 imperfeCt teeth. Chives. Threads 5; lrair-like; very fmall. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud in both forts of florets egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summits 2 ; oblong ; rolled back. S. Vess. none. Cup doling fo as to form a cone. Seeds in both forts of florets folitary ; egg-fhaped. Feather hairy; long. Recept. naked ; flat. Ess Char. Receptacle naked. Feather fmple. Empalement cylindrical ; xvith a lejfer empalement at the bafe; feales as it were dead at the point. Obs. In fome fpecies the ftorets are ftrap-fhaped in the circum- ference; in others they are all tubular. * Flowers without flrap-lhaped florets. •j* S. vifeofus, which fee. SENE'CIO vulga'ris. Flowers not radiate. Leaves winged-indented, embracing the Item. Flowers fealtered. Curt. i. 8. — FI. dan. 513. — Blacken. 132. — Wale. — Frag. 285, imitated in Dod., G41. 2. — Malth. 1 132. — Louie, i. 96. 2. — Lob. obf. 1 12. 2, repr. in ic. i. 225. 2, Cer. cm. 278. 1, and cop. in Park. 671, H. ox. vii. 17. 1, andFel. 17.5. — Ger. 217. 2. — Fuchf. 286. Empal. fcalcs at the bafe fpear-fhaped, purplifh black for about one third of their length. Florets all with chives and pointals. With. Bloffms yellow, terminating. ErPenim. 909 Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. Erigenim. Ger. 217, defer. GeL em. 278. St. Groundfel. Simfon. Cultivated ground, rubbifh, and court yards. A. Apr. — Sept. A ftrong infulion of the plant vomits. — The bruifed leaves are a good application to boils. — The feeds are very acceptable to Linnets and Gold-finches, when confined in cages. Cows are not fond of it. Goats and Swine eat it. Horfes and Sheep refufe it. Linn. — A Horfe eat it. S r. * * Flowers with Jbrap-Jhaped Jlorets in the circumference rolled bach. SENE'CI O vifco'fus. Bloffoms in the circumference clammy rolled back. Leaves with winged clefts, clammy. Scales of the empalement loofe, as long as the cup.* — Dill. elth. 258. 336. — J. B. ii. 1042. — Barr. 401? — (Park. 672. 5, not the plant, as is evident from the very long fruit-Jlalhs. — Ger. 217.2, has no loofe feales at the bafe ; Dod. 641. 1, repr. in Lob. ic. i. 226. 2, and Ger. em. 278. 2, is S. fylvalicus.J In appearance and fize refembling the S. vulgaris, but clammy all over from hairs which fecrete a vifeid liquor. Leaves in moun- tainous fituations with a leprous feurf underneath. Fruit-Jlalhs lateral, with 2 and 3 flowers. Empal. the feales at the bafe as long as the tube, as it were dead at the ends. Linn. — Rays fometimes wanting. Hall. — Stem taller and ftronger; feiinej more divided; flowers larger; fruit-Jlalhs longer, the upper forming a kind of broad-topped fpike; feeds longer, and more deeply furrowed; and the feather longer than in S. vulgaris. Mr. Woodward. — Bloffoms ‘yellow. S3ndy ground. Fen banks in the Ifle of Ely. Wake ground :near towns and villages, as at Leven on the coaft of Fife, near 1 the fait works, and at Dyfart near the pier, and at Charles Town, tthe lime-works of Lord Elgin. Lightfoot. — King’s Park, Edin- burgh, Mr. Yalden— [under the Salilbury Craggs. St.] A. Aug. .{and alfo in Dec. St.] SEN E'C I O fylvat'icus. Bloffoms in the circumference bujhy nrolled back. Leaves with winged clefts, finely toothed. ■Stem branching into a broad-topped fpike, upright. — * Bloffoms of the circumference rolled hack. Leaves with winged clefts, finely toothed, ncflly clammy. Stem upright, branching like a broad-topped fpike. Huds. including *’’• fylvaticus as a variety, but no reafon for this opinion being offered, it Ibould feem to be founded on Lmnatus’s conjcdure in the FI, fuec. St. Rupp. t 9i° SYNGENESIAPOLYGAMIASUPERFLUA. . Rupp. jen. Hall. 3. alp. 177 D$. elth. 258. 337.— DoJ. 641. 1, repr. in Lob. ic. i. 226. 2, and Ger. em. 278. 2, and cop. m H. ox. vii. 17. 2, and Pet. 17. 6.— FI. dan. 86g, ill done, ex- cepting the flowers, — Ger. 217. 1. — (Barr. 401, is more like S. vifcofus.J Poflibly a var. of 5. vifcofus, being found only in burnt up woods, which was confirmed by feeds of it fown in the garden, unlefs the gardener committed a miftake, which I am much inclined to fufpeft, and it is certainly worthy of notice that it is found 111 the province of Smoland, and other places where the 5. vifcofus has not been obferved. Linn. — Stem taller, and more firm, though llenderer than that of S. vifcofus. Leaves narrower, and more finely divided, frequently clammy in a hot funny fituation, but not fo much fo as thofe of S. vifcofus. Fruit-flalks much more branched. Flowers more numerous, much fmaller. Seeds fhorter and broader. Feather fhorter, Mr. Woodward ftrong-fcented. Stem 2 to 3 feet high, with a fine woollinefs of fhort, tapering, zigzag hairs, brittle, branching from the bottom. Branches, the upper riling nearly to the fame height. Leaves fomevvhat woolly, with fcattered fhort hairs, tapering, but not tipped with glands. Fruit-flalks foinewhat cottony. Empalement conical, fomevvhat woolly; fcalesatthe bafe awl-fhaped, 2 to 3* dead at the ends, thrice as fmall as thofe of the empalement itfelf. Blofs. full yellow. Florets of the circumference fcarcely longer than thofe of the centie. St. — Leaves, edges rolled back. Empal. fcales at the bafe few, fhort, {lender, fcarce fenfibly dead at the ends. Florets of the cir- cumference rolled back, clofe up to the empalement. With. Senecio vifcofus fi Huds. Banks, and mounds of earth in dry upland foil, dry heaths, and fandy ditch banks. Horfes eat it. With. * * * Flowers with Jlrap-Jhaped florets in the circumference, expanding. Leaves with winged clefts. hoary S E N E ' C I O erucifo'lius . Flowers with rays. Leaves with winged clefts, toothed, a little hairy. Stem upright. — When cultivated it lofes its woollinefs. * The down on the leaves not expreflcd. Hali. Curt. Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. 91 1 Curt. v. 50,* but hairs on the Jiem injlead of cotton. — Wale. — pet. 17. 3, the Jiem with entire leaves I have never Jeen. — Barr. 153, more refembles S. Jacob tea. Stem cottony. Learn more rigid, hoary, fomewhat hairy; fcg- :ments narrower, (harper at the points. Empal. feales reddifh, by no means black; feales at the bafe hairy, preffed to. Pollich.-— '.Stems numerous, 3 to 4 feet high, firm, cottony. Leaves hoary, but fometimes dark green above, and not hoary; fegments ftrap- fhaped, parallel, fharply toothed, terminating in a point; the rmid-rib equal in breadth to the fegments. Flowering-branches form- ing a kind of broad-topped fpike. Fruit-Jlalks with feveral awl- ilhaped fiower-fcales. Florets of the circumference fpear-fhaped, jpale yellow. Mr. Woodward. — Stem lirnple, dividing at the top nnto flowering-branches, St. With.' — befet with white fcattered cotton. Leaves fomewhat hairy underneath; hairs fhort, and ihinly fprinkled on both lides with w’hite fcattered cotton. Empal. Scales about 13, as it were dead and brown at the points; thofe at tthe oafe as fmall again, upright, or expanding. Florets of the cir- cumference equal in number to the feales of the empalement. 'Threads thickening towards the point into flatted fpear-egg-fhaped grains. St. Stem angular, furrowed. Leaves lining, hairy, par- -icularly underneath ; the lower rough to the touch; the upper ■ efs hairy; fegments ftrap-fhaped, and toothed at the ends. Empal. cales not dead at the ends, but yellow and woolly, the outer flrap- ; haped, flefhy, the inner the fame, but edged with a broad mem- branaceous border. With. Senecio tentiifolius. Jacq. in fyft. veg. ed. xiv. p. 758. St. Woods and hedges. [Bath Hills, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. Aug. A Horfe eat it. St. SENE'CIO Jacob# a. Flowers with rays. Leaves Ragzvort yre-fhaped, almoft winged. Segments finely jagged, dtem upright. — * This does not correfpond with its moft general appearance in the '•orth. It does occur with us in this flate, but it is but feldom, and feems => be a variety occafioned by a damper and more fhady fituation. Jacq. Jl. n 278, called S. tenuifolius, is a very exad reprefentation of it, as it moftly ippears with us. Mr. Wood.— The very excellent profelTor has inferted it ts a new fpecies in the Syjl. veg. ed. xiv, but fpecimens from his fon’eon- ince me, that it is the fame plant with what we at lead call S. erucifolius fhe leaves I mull add, however, of thefc fpecimens, are pinnqtifida, not pinna'a,” as in the Syjl, veg, St. Mat th. 9 1 2 SYNGENESIA POLY GAMIA SUPERFLUA. Matth-. 1133, abridged in Cluf. ii. 22, 1, which repr. in Dod. 642, Lob. obj. 1 13. 2; ic. i. 227. 1, Ger. em. 280. 1, and cop. in Park. 668. 1,, and abridged again in Pet. 17. i.—Fuchf. 742, cop. in J. B. ii. 1057. 1, and Trag. 287, and abridged in Lonic. i. 96.3. — Id. ox. vii. 18. r. — Ger. 218. 1. Stem 3 feet high, branched. Flowers in a broad-topped fpike. Fruit-Jlalks branched, cylindrical, fomewhat woolly, with a few feales. Florets in the centre 60, in the circumference 13. Relhan. — Stem cylindrical, fcored, generally fmooth, often tinged with purple. Leaves doubly wing-cleft; wings varioufly lobed, and toothed, and fometimes again wing-cleft. Blojfcms deep yellow. Mr. Woodward. — Stem often thinly fprinklcd with a fine cotton. Leaves wing-cleft, almoft winged; fegments wing-cleft; leffer fegmenls broader towards the end; with thin fpread cotton here and there. Empal. feales 13, fometimes 15. Florets of the circum- ference 13. Threads towards the end thickening into flat egg- fhaped glands, difappearing as foon or foon after the dull; is fhed, rendering it probable that they are intended for the nourifhment of the duft. St. — Fruit-Jlalks branched. Rag-wort. Seggnrn. St. James's Wort. Meadows, paftu'res, and road fides. P. July. If this plant is gathered before the flowers open, and uied frefh, it dyes wool of a full green, but the colour is apt to fade. If wool- len cloth is boiled in alum-water, and then in a decodlion of the flowers, it takes a beautiful deep yellow. Horfes and Sheep refufe it. Cows are not fond of it. Linn.— Horfes and Cows eat it when young. fi Flowers without rays. Is fo exceedingly like a that it cannot be confldered as a different fpecies. It is very common on the fand hills of Holland. Linn. In great plenty in gravel on the fea fhore, about 3 or 4 miles from Drogheda, fcarcely one in a thoufand being radiated. Sherard in R. fyn.— Perhaps this variety is only the effeA of the fca air, a» it is well known how deftruftive that is to the more tender parts of vegetables. water S E N E'C I O aqual'icus. Flowers with rays. Leaves toothed, thofe at the root egg-lhaped, thofe of the ftem with winged clefts ; the outer fegment largeft. Huns. J. B. ii. 1057. 3, improved in Fet. 17. 2. — FI. dan. 7S4, leaves mere pointed than 1 have ever Jeen them. — Cluj. ii. 23. 1 , repr. in Ger. em. 280. 3, the jlem-leaves cop. in Park. 668. 3, pojjibly, though the lowermoji leaves are hcart-Jhaped. Stem Tips United, Superfluous Poinlals. 913 Stem cottony, purplifh. Root-leaves on long leaf-ftalks; Jlem-leaves fitting; the uppermojl with winged clefts; wings toothed. Broad- topped f tike of few flowers. Relhan. — Leaves with winged clefts, with fome finall wings at the bafe, and a very large one egg- fhaped, fcolloped, terminating, fmooth. Fruit-fialh irregularly branching, with numerous awl-fhaped fcales. Haller fuppofes S. eruci/oliuS) Jacobcea, and aijuaticus, to be varieties of one fpecies. The firft is clearly diftinct, and I believe the latter to be fo, but in order to put this matter out of doubt, the feeds of S. aquaticus fhould be fown in high and dry fituations, and thofe of S. Jacobcea in bogsry or marfhy ground. Mr. Woodward. St. — Stem quite fmooth i Leaves quite frnooth; root-leaves with the terminating leafit oblong, Empal. fcales 15 to 21, dead as it were and brown at the points. Florets of the circumference about 21. Threads thicken- ing towards the end into oblong glands. St. Ditches and watery places, and moift meadows and paflures. P. July. Aug. r * -* * Flowers with firap-fhaped forels in the circumference , expanding. Leaves undivided. S EN E'C I O paludo'fus.. Flowers with rays. Leaves Bird' s-tongue fword-fhaped, fharply ferrated, a little woolly under- neath. Stenj quite ftraight. — FI. dan. 385. — Ger. 347, cop. in Ger. em. 483. 6, and Pet. 16. 8.— Thai. 3, cop. in J. B. ii. 1063. 3, and Park. 1232.— H. ox. vii. ig. 22. Leaves fometimes cottony on both tides. Linn. — Stem 2 to 5 feet high, fim pie. Leaves very long, ftrap or fpear-fhaped, lofing their woollincfs by age. Bundle flat-topped. Flowers 2 inches broad. Empalement conglutinated. Hall. — Blojom yellow. Bird' s-tongue. Marfhy ditches and their banks in thelfle of Ely, near Stretham Ferry, but not common. P. Aug. SEN E'C IO faracen'icus. Flowers in rays, in broad- broad-leaved topped fpikes. Leaves fpear-fhaped, ferrated, almoft fmooth. — Ger. 350. — Fuchf. 728, cop. in J. B. ii. 1063. 2, Trag. 487, and Lonic. i. 241. 3. — Dod. 141. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 159. 3; ic. i. 299. 2, Ger. em. 429, and cop. in Park. 539, with an addi- tion of pods! — (Pet. 1 6. 7, is a copy of the figure of S. Doria in Dod. 1 4 1. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 158. 2, ic. i. 297. 2, Ger. em. 9* l4 SYNGENESIAPOLYGAMIASUPERFLUA. em. 431, and cop. in Park. 541. 1, and which is alfo figured in J. B. ii. 1064. 1.) * Diftinguifhable by its appearance, broad leaves, fize, and root which creeps very much. Linn. — Stev}s numerous, 3 to 4 feet high, firm, folid, angular, fully cloathed with leaves. Leaves numerous, gradually diminifhing upwards, the lower on leaf- ftalks, the upper fitting, fharply and irregularly ferrated, but not minute, as thofe of S. Doria are defcribed, the larger ferratures again ferrated, fmooth on both fides. Broad-topped Jpike immerfed as it were in the upper-leaves, each branch dividing at the end into feveral fhort fruit-ftalks, bearing 1 or more flowers. Floral- leaves fpear-fhaped. Empal. fcales ftrap-fhaped, fmooth, green, membranaceous at the edge; thofe at the bafe awl-fhaped, few, fhort, fringed with fhort hairs. Florets of the circumference few, and fometimes wanting. Seeds black. Feather as long as the empalement. Specimens growing in my own garden. I have never feena native one. Mr. Woodward. — Blojfom yellow. Moift meadows and paftures, and ditch banks. Between Wells and Glaftonbury, and near Shipton-mallet, and elfewhere in Somerfetfhire. Near Halifax, in the fields about Salkeld; R. fyn. — and about Clapham and Ingleton, Yorkfhire. Hods. — [Marfhy meadows near Perry Hill, between Hales-owen and Birmingham. Mr. Brunton, jun.] P. July.- Aug. The Phalcena fuliginofa, Jacobaa, and pronuba , .live upon the feveral fpecies. * My fpecimen accords with the laft cited figures, and alfo with the charadter and defcription of S. Doria, which I am induced to believe to be our plant. Petiver’s authority being that of a pra&ical botanifl, has alfo confiderable weight. But as my fpecimen was gathered in a botanic garden, 1 only offer the above as a fubjedl for examination to fuch botanifts as may examine it in its native place of growth. St. (034. AS'TER. \ Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. 9*5 Vr ,v<„ j 1034 AS'TER. Star-wort. Em pal. common, tiled ; the inner fcales {landing out at the points ; the lower open. • Uloss. compound, radiate. Florets with Chives and Pointals, numerous; in the centre. Florets with only Pointals, 10, or more; narrow; in the circumference. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped. Border with 5 clefts ; open. Individuals with only Pointals, narrow ; {pear-ihap- ed ; with 3 teeth. _ Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. . Point. Seed-bud, where both chives and pointals, oblong. ’ Shaft thread-fhaded ; as long as the chives. Summit cloven-expanding. . , , . c. Seed-bud, where only pointals, oblong. Shafts the fame as the other. Summits 2 ; oblong ; rolled S.Vess. none. Cup but little changed. Seeds in all the florets, folitary; oblong or egg-fliaped. Feather airy. Recept. naked ; flattifh. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Feather Jimple. Blojs. rays more than 10. Empalment tiled ; the lower fcales open. * Herbaceous. Leaves entire. Fruit-Jlalhs naked. AS'TER TripoTium. Leaves fpear-fhaped, very entire, fea flefliy, fmooth. Branches even. Flowers in broad-topped fpikes. — FI. dan. 615. — Gmel. ii. 80. 2. — J. B. ii. 1064. 2. Ger. 333, ill cop. in Dod. 379, Lob. obj. 157. 4; w. i. 296. 1, Ger. cm. 413. 1, and cop. in Park. 674, and Pet. 17. 10. Lob. obf. 158. 1, repr.in ic. i. 296. 2, Ger. em. 413. 2, and cop. in Pet. 17. 11. — H. ox. vir. 22. 36. Florets in the centre yellow; in the circumference blue; Bot. Arr. ed. i. — fometimes, though rarely, white. Relhan. Stem 1 to 3 feet high. Leaves fielhy. Flowering-branches from the bofom of the upper-leaves. Frv.it-Jlalks branched. Empal. fcales in 2 01 3 unequal rows, fhort, egg-fhaped, fcored, green and brown, with reddifh brown tips. Florets of the circumference fpear or ftrap-fhaped, pointed, frequently cloven at the point, bright blue. Florets of the centre, f SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA mitre, deeply divided into fpear-fhaped fegments. Feather fhorter than the bloflbm. Mr. Woodward.— Stems feveral, fometimes folitary, i to 2 feet high, ftraight, cylindrical, gradually .taper-, ing, deeply Icoied, fmooth, often reddifh, branching above, below coveied with a fungous cellular rind. Branches, the upper ] ifing to the fame height, exceeding the ffem, the lower graduallyi fhortei , flightly comprefTed, deeply fcored. Leaves ftrap-fpear- fhaped, pointed, alternate, half embracing the Idem, either bent down or expanding, edge fomewhat ferpentine, and befet with eminent points, the rudiments, as it were, of ferratures, thick- ilh, befet above with very fmall whitilh points, fmooth, even, almoft veinlefs. Flowers with fomewhat of a fweetifh feent. Florets cf the circumference 21 to 23, of a bluifh lilac. Florets of the centre fewer, about 18. Seeds oblong, compreffed, broader above; thofe with chives and pointals, fringed with fcattered hairs ; thofe with only pointals, hairy, only half as large. St. Salt marfhes on the fea coaft, Ray. Lightf.— in a muddy foil. Huds.— Seafhores of Europe, and the fait lakes of Sibiria and Germany, Linn, [and in fait marfhes in the inland parts of the kingdom, as in a fait marfh near Shirley Wich, Staffor dihire; in a meadow between the Trent and the Canal. St.] P. Aug. Sept. Goats and Horfes eat it. Cows and Swine refufe it. Sheep are not fond of it. Linn. May it not, when growing in an inland fituation, be depended on as a proof of the exigence of fait fprings ? St. j3 Lightf. St. All the florets tubular. St. Pet. 1 7. 12. About Briftol, frequent. Ray. 1035. SOLI D A'G O. r Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. 9 ]7 1035. SOLIDA'GO. Golden-rod. {Empal. common, oblong; tiled; fcales oblong; narrow; tapering ; ftraight ; approaching. Bloss. compound , radiate. Florets with Chives and Pointals, tubular ; numerous ; in the centre. Florets with only Pointals, narrow; 5 to 10; in the circumference. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped : Border with 5 clefts; open. Individuals with only Pointals, narrow; fpear-fhap- ed ; with 3 teeth. ■ Chives. 'Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud, where both chives and pointals, oblong. Shaft as long as the chives ; thread-fhaped. Summit cloven ; expanding. Seed-bud, where only pointals, oblong. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the other. Summits 2 ; rolled back. S. Vess. none. Cup but little changed. Seeds in all the florets ; folitary ; inverfely egg-fhaped- oblong. Feather hair-like. Recept. flat; naked. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Feather fimpje. Florets of the circumference about 5. Empal. fcales tiled; clofed. SOLIDA'GO Virgau'rea. Stem fomewhat zigzag. Bunches panicled, upright, crowded. — a Hall. — Ludw. 150. — Fl.dan. 663. — -jf. B. ii. 10C2. 3. — Sheldr. 63. — Blackw. 169. — Ger. 34.8. 2, cop. in Pet. 16. 10. — Dod . 142. 2, repr.inLob. obf. 159. 2, ic. i. 299. 1, Ger. em. 430. 2, and curtailed in H. ox. vii. 23. row 1. 4. £ Hall. Serratures of the leaves lefs diftindt. Gmel. Matth. 1 006 , f pikes excellent. — Dod. 142. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 159. 1, ic. i. 298.2, Ger. em. 430. 1, cop. in Ger. 348. i, Pet. 16. 9, and ill cop. in H. ox. vii. 23. 20. — Garf. 627. Root-leaves ferrated. Stem-leaves fometimes ferrated, but rnoftly entire. Lins. — Stem frequently not more than a foot high on heaths, but in hedges and copfes 3 or 4 : unbranched. Leaves , lower oval-fpe3r-fhaped, tapering into a leaf-ilalk, diftantly fer- rated, but towards the point almoft entire, rough, flightly hairy, dark green above, fea-green underneath, with a net-work of nu- merous veins; the upper alternate, nearly fitting, fpear-fhaped, Vol. II. 3 O entire, common broad-leaved narrow leaved SYNGENESIA POLY GAMIA SUPERFLUA entire, or nearly fo. Flowering-branches from the bofom of the leaves, the lower fhorter, the upper longer than the leaves, with 6 to 8 flowers on branched fruit-flalks. Flower -fcales i or 2 on each iiuit-ftalk. EniJ’al. fcales unequal, fpear-lhaped, with a green line along the back, and whitifh, fhining, membranaceous edges. Seeds brown, convex on one (ide, flat on the other, hairy "the whole length, nearly as long as the empalemcnt. Mr.Wooow. — Stem , leaves , cmpalnnenl, and tubular parts of the fords thick fet with very Ihort, opaque, white, briflly hairs. Leaves diftantly Ieriated. Lmpal. fcales a little fkinny at the edge, and within of a tilvery white, the outer much fhorter. llorels of the centre , feg- ments bent back. Florets of the circumference 6 to 8, bent baclt^ with 4 or 5 faint longitudinal fcores, and 3, and fometimes 4 teeth at the end. With.— Leaves egg-fpear-fiiaped. Blofs. yellow. Wound-wort. — Woods, hedges, and heaths. P. Aug. Horfes, Cows, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. IS Hues. Leaves narrower, on long leaf-ftalks. Flowers larger, from the bofom of the leaves, crowded into a kind effpike. Ray. In Ireland. ’IP1 SOLIDA'GO cam'brica. Leaves fpear-fhapedv fomewhat ferrated, lomewhat hoary. Panicles like broad- topped (pikes ; terminating, Huos.— rather, lower-leaves wedge-oblong. Panicle conglobated. St.* Dill. elth. 306. 393.— Pet. 16. n.f Flowers conglobate. When cultivated riles to a foot in height. Ray. St. — Whether a diftincl fpecies, or a variety, mull be left for further examination. Lluyd. — It feems to differ from S. vir- gaurea only in the fathers being larger, in a clofer fpike, and the forets of the circumference broader. The leaves are more hairy, but this is frequently the cafe with dwarfifh and Runted plants, Dille- nius alfo doubts whether it be diflind, though the plant gathered by Mr. Lluyd preserved its appearance for leveral years, in the Eltham garden. My fpecirnens afford no mark fufficient to form a fpeeific difference. Mr. Woodward. Failures on the top of y Glydev Mountain, in Wales. Lluyd. —Mountains about Llanberys, and on thofe of Yorklhire and Wcllmoreland. Huns. — Llyn y Cwyn, near Snowdon. Pinn. Wales.— [On the roelcy precipice on the fummit of IrigleboroUgh, to the North-well. Mr. Woodward.] , 1 P. June. Huds. ed. i. Aug. ed. ii. O * bvliii injtrioribvi cuneato-oblongts, ramcula ccmglobata, rather than corymbofa. St. f Leaves more like thole of S. P'irgaurea. Sr. Flowers Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. 919 Flowers earlier. Lightf. [July. Mr. Woodward.] 0 Fruit-ftalk with i (lower. On the fummits of mountains. Is not this the S. minuta of Linnaeus? Hu os. — Is not Pink. 235. 8, the S. cambrica? Dill, in R. fyn. 177. n. 4. — Their leaves ex- actly correfpond, and a fpecimen cultivated in Dr. Fotjierg ill’s botanic garden for S. minuta , has got probably from a richer foil the conglobated panicle. Haller makes the minuta a variety of S. I'irgaurca, but he refers to Barr. 783, which, as alfo Her m. par. 245, have, I ccnfefs, the habit of that fpecies, but Pluk. he does not quote. St. 1036. CINERA'RIA. Flea-wort. Em pal. common, finrple; of many leaves. Little Leaves equal. Bloss. compound, radiate. Florets with Chives and Pointals, equal ; numerous ; in the centre. Florets with only P 'mints, narrow; equal in number to the leaves of the empalement ; in the circumferente. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-draped ; with 5 clefts; upright. Individuals with only Pointals, narrow ; fpear-flrap- ed ; finely toothed at the end. ‘Chives. Threads 5 ; thread-draped; drort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder, with 5 clefts at the top. Point. Seed-bud, where both chives and pointals, oblong. . Shaft thread-draped ; as long as the chives. Summits 2; rather upright. Seed-bud, where only pointals, oblong. Shaft thread-fhaped ; drort. Summits 2 ; oblong ; rather blunt ; rolled back. iS. Vess. none. Cup unchanged. ■Seeds in all the florets, folitary ; narrow; with 4 angles. Feather hairy ; in large quantity. •Recept. naked ; rather flat. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Feather Jimple. Empalement jlmple ; of many leaves; equal. CINERA'RIA paluf'tris. Flowers in broad-topped w.arjh ’pikes. Leaves broad-fpear-fhaped, toothed-indented. ^Stem woolly.? — .3 O 2 FI. 9.2° syngenesiapolygamiasuperfl.ua. FI. dan. 573. — Gmel. ii. 72.* — Dod. 52. 2, repr. in Lob. ic. i. 347, Ger. em. 483. 5, and cop. in H. ox. vii. 19. 24, and Pet. 16. 6, and a portion of the Jtem and a leaf in Park. 126. 3. Leaves thick, cottony, and almoft clammy-, covering the ftem quite up to the Bovvers; the lower cut, and almoft wing-cleft. Linn. — Stem 1 to 3 feet high, thick, hollow, with a thick clammy long wool. Leaves varying extremely in form and manner of growth, with the fame wool as the ftem, without order, fitting, or half embracing the ftem, waved, fometimes barely toothed, thofe immediately beneath the broad-topped fpike entire. Fruit-' Jlalks branching. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, one on each fruit-ftalk. Empal. fcales nearly equal, fpear-fhaped, woolly, membranaceous at the edge. Blofom pale yellow. Florets of the circumference oval, veined, with 2 or 3 teeth at the end, or entire; 4 lines long, with a fhort narrow tube. Florets of the centre fomewhat fhorter. Tips fomewhat longer than thebloflbm. Shaft, where chives andpointals, longer than the chives; where only pointals, as long as the tube. Seeds fmall. Feather as long as the tube of the bloflom; rays few. Mr. Woodward. Marfhes in Lincolnfhire. Fen-ditches about Marfh and Chat- terers in the Ifle of Ely; Caifter near Yarmouth; about Pillin- mofs, Lancafhire; and Aberavon, Merionethfhire. [About Yarmouth, Norfolk. Air. Woodward.] P. June. July. p Leaves not jagged. R. fyn. 174. n. 3. note. Mr. Woodward. Lob. ic. i. 347. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 484. 8, and cop. in Park. 126. 4, FI. cx. vii. 19. root 2. 23, and Pet. xC. 5. Cineraria alpha o Helenids. Linn? (St.) y L-efs woolly than a.. Stem (lender, about 18 inches high. Leaves ftrap-fpear-fhaped, toothed, the lower about 4 inches long, the upper two and a half to one and a half, and not more than one fourth wide, not fo numerous as in x. Flowers final ier. Fruit if cad im perfectly fimilar. Near Ramfey, Huntingdonfhire. Air. Woodward. mount air. CINERA'RI A intefri -v'lia fi Murk. — Leaves fpear- fhaped, -generally finely toothed, woolly. Flowers in a rundle. Linn. — Ro6t-leaves gradually narrowing at the bafe. Mubr. ✓ * FJojvers too (ilia'll. Mr. Woodward, Sc 1L Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. Rdh. at p. 320, Cineraria alpina.* — Pet. 17. 4. — fCmel.u. 71. 1 and 2, as is evident from the defcripdon p. 157. /. 2, LY/t. 266, fl/zi Cluf. ii. 22. 2, repr. in Cer. em. 280. 2, W co/>. in Park. 668. 5, J. £. ii. 1056. 2, ox. vii. 12. 28, fern rather to be C. integrifolia a..) A proteous-like plant, to be attentively examined in its native foil. Li nn. — Diftinguifhable from the other varieties, with which Linnaeus has afTociated it, by its leaves being broader, more toothed, Ger. frov. and the ficrcts of the circumference being yeilow. Ger. prov. St. — Root fibrous. Root-leaves on leaf-ftalks,' fpatula- fhaped, obfeurely toothed, cottony underneath; Jlem-leaves fitting, fpear-fhaped, cottony. Stem 3 to 6 inches high, limplc, cottony, angular. Flowers 1 to 4, yellow. Florets of the circumference 10 to 15; of the centre numerous, prominent. Empalement furrowed, the edges fkinny. Seeds hairy; feather fimple. Relhan. Mr. Wo odw. — Stem folitary, upright. Root-leaves with fmall-pointed brown teeth, loling their cotton like the Fujflago Farfara; Jlem-leaves half embracing the Hem, almoft preffed to, very entire, alternate. Flowers in a broad-topped fpike. Floral-leaves drap-fhaped, cot- tony, 1 at the bafe of each fruit-ftalk. Fruit-Jlalks unequal. Retz. Mr. Wo odward. — Stem fometimes 8 or g inches high. Root-leaves always more or lefs toothed, though frequently obfeurely fo. Flowers feldom more than 4. Mr. Woodward. Cineraria alpina (integr folia ,S ) Linn. — Cineraria integrifolia ( pra- tenfis SJ Jacq. and Mukr. fyjl. veg. ed. xiv, who has framed dif- tindl characters of 2 varieties, and has yet omitted to give a fpeci- fic character, which ought to comprehend them both. — Cineraria alpina, Huds. and Relh. the iatter'not having probably obferved, that in the Suppl. el fyjl. veg. ed. xiv, the Cin/raria alpina is referred to the genus Senecio, under the title of 5. alpinus. St. Hilly pafiures. GogmagogHills, Newmarket Heath, theDevil’s- ditch , and near Bafingftoke and Andover. P. May. June. * Flowers and parts of fructification too large, and the root-leaves repre- fented abfolutely entire; their general form well expreflfed, as they alfo are in Pet. Mr. Woodward. 3 03 1037. I N'U L A. SYNGENESIAPOLYGAMIASUPERFLUA. 1037. IN'ULA. Elecampane. Empal. common, tiled; leaves flexible ; open; the outer ones the largefl ; equal in length. Bloss. cam-pound, radiate; broad. Florets with Chives and Pointals, equal ; very numerous ; in the centre. Florets with only Point als, narrow; numerous; crowded; in the circumference. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped : Border with 5 clefts ; fomewhat upright. Individuals with only Pointals, narrow ; ftrap-fhaped ; very entire. Chives. Threads 5; thread-fhaped ; fhort. Ftps 5 ; nar- row; united; forming a hollow cylinder ; each tip ending at the bale in 2 flraight bridles, as long as the threads. Point. Seed-bud, where both chives and pointals, long. Shaft as long as the chives, thread-fhaped. Summit cloven ; nearly upright. Seed-bud, where only pointals, long. Shaft thread- fhaped ; a little cloven. Summits upright. S. V ess. none. Cup unchanged. * Seeds in all the florets, folitary; narrow; with 4 angles. Feather Ample ; as long as the feed. Recept. naked; flat. Feather fmplc. Ftps endin 'g at the bafe in 2 briftles. IN'ULA Hele'nhtm. Leaves embi'acing the ftem ; egg-fhaped; wrinkled ; cottony underneath. Scales of the cup egg-fhaped. — Blachw. 473. — Ludw. 59. — D od. 344, repr. in Lob. obf. 309. r, ic. i. 574. 2, Ger. cm. 793, and cop. in H. ox. vii. 24. row 3. fig. the lafl, and Pet. 16. 1, and abridged in Park. 654. — Carl. — Ger. 649. — FI. dan. 728. — Matlh. 71. — Fuchf. 242, cop. in j. B. ii. a. 108, and imitated in Frag. 170. Stem 5 or 6 feet high, branched towards the top, fcored, cottony. Leaves, the lower on leaf-ftalks, fpear-fhaped; the upper egg- fpear-fhaped, ferrated or toothed, deep green, flightly hairy above, whitifh green and thickly cottony underneath. Flowers very large, folitary, terminating the ftem and branches. Empal. the outer egg-fpear-fhaped, like the leaves; the inner bluntly egg- fhaped, cottony. Blojfom yellow. Florets of the circumference one Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. to one inch and a half long, with 3 pointed teeth at the end. Feather fhorter than the florets; rays when viewed with a glafs finely toothed on one fide. Mr. Woodward. Moift meadows and paftures. In Effex, frequent; about St. Ives, Cornwall, and Bugden, Huntingdonfhire; between Den- bighfhire and St. Afaph. [Side of Bred on Hill, afceriding from Great Comberton, Worcefterfh. Nash. — Ripton and Warboy’s, Huntingdonlhiie, the latter far removed from any houfe. Met- tingham, Suffolk. Not uncommon in Norfolk. Mr. Y/oodw.] P. July. Aug. The root is efteemed a good pectoral. Dr. Hill fays, he knows, from his own experience, that an infulion of the frelh root, fvveetened with honey, is an excellertt medicine in the Hooping Cough. — A decoction of the root cures Sheep that have the Scab. Horfes and Goats eat it. Cows, Sheep, and Swine refufe it. IN'ULA dyfenter'ica. Leaves embracing the ftem, middle oblong-heart-fhaped. Stem woolly, forming a kind of panicle. Scales of the enp briftle-fhaped. — Curl. iii. 28. — FI. dan. 410. — Wale. — Matth. 872, cep. in Cluj. ii. 21. 1, which repr.in Dod. 52. 1, Lob. obj. 187. 1, ic. i. 345. 2, Ger. em. 482. 3, and cop. in Pet. 16. 2. — H. ex. vii. ig. 7. — FuchJ. 436, cop. in J. B. ii. 1050. 1. Empal. fcales awl-fhaped, foft, bowed back, coloured at the edge. Linn. — Stem upright, cylindrical, fcored, cottony, branched towards the top. Leaves fpear-fhaped, obfeurely toothed, arrow- Ihaped at the bafe, cottony on both fides. Flowers terminating the ftem and branches, folitary. Empal. fcales numerous, cottony. Blojfvm yeilow. Florets of the circumference with 3 teeth at the end. Feather as long as the tube of the bloflom. Mr. Woodw. — Stem 2 to 4 feet high, before it comes into flower cloathed with leaves and cotton, but when in bloflom the lower part lofes its leaves and cotton, and is only fomewhat hairy. Branches , the uppermoft fomewhat longer than the ftem. Leaves, edge waved and bent back, cottony underneath, above wrinkled, fmoothifh. Fruit-Jlalks cylindrical, longilh, cottony., from the bofom of the leaves, the lowermoft rifing fomewhat above the reft. Tips, the briftles 3 or 4 times fhorter than the threads. St. — Leaves wrinkled on the upper furface, and fomewhat waved at the edge. Horcts of the i circumference with 3 teeth at the end.. Tips, briftles at the bafe very ^minute. Seeds rough with fhort briftles. Receptacle rough with fhort, ftiff, projecting, fpear-fhaped points. With. Middle Flea-bane.^— Moift meadows and paftures, watery places, fides of brooks a .d rivulets. P. Aug. [to the begining of Nov. S r.] 3 O 4 It 923- 92 4 SYNGENESIA POLY G AMI A SUPERFLU A, It has a peculiar fcent, compared by fome to that of foap. — The Rtiflian foldiers, in the Pertian expedition under General Keit, were much troubled with the bloody flux, which was cured by the ufeof this plant. Cows are not fond of it. Goats and Sheep tefufe it. Linn. A Horfe eat it, but it is generally left untouched. St. fmall flowered IN'ULA PuUca'ria. Leaves embracing the flem, waved. Stem proftrate. Flowers nearly globular ,• rays very fhort. Linn. — Leaves oblong. Stem upright. Flowers globular. FIuds. St. Curt. iii. 26.— Sh^dr.—FVdan. 6iQ.~^Blackw. 103.— Ger. 390. 2—Trag. 1C6, cop. in Louie, i. 13 1. 3 .—Dod. 52. 3, repr. in Lob.obf. 187. 2, ic. i. 345. 1, Ger. em. 48 2. 4, and cop. in LI. ox. vii. 20. 30, and Pet. iG. 3. — (J. B. ii. 1050. 2, feems rather I. britannica.—Malih. 871, muft be a different plant, as the Jlem is longer than the branches. J Stem cylindrical, fcored, fmooth, crooked, often tinged with purple, much branched. Leaves, the lower fitting; upper em- bracing the Hern, fpear-fhaped, waved at the edge, flightly hairy and cottony. Flowers numerous, folitary. Empalemeuls numerous, - awl-fhapcd, woolly; the lower fpreading. Blojfoms yellow. Florets of the circumference with 3 teeth at the end, often wanting. Feather fhorter than the Horets; rays few. Mr. Woodw. — Stem fmoothifh below. Branches qpenfc longer than the flem, branched and fome- what cottony at the top. Fruit-Jlalks hairy, terminating the flem and branches, or from the bofom of the leaves. Empalement woolly; feales nearly upright. Tips not briftly at the bafe. St.— Stem up- right. Leaves a little woolly. Flowers broad, fhort, cylindrical. Florets of the circumference with 3 teeth. Tips, briftles very minute, and much fhorter than the threads. Seed-bud with white fhining hairs. Feather fhorter than the feed. With. Small Flea-bane. — Road fides, and where water has lain during the winter. A. Aug. Sept, [and Ocl. St.] Sheep eat it. Horfes, Cows, and Goats refufe it. Samphire IN'ULA crithmifo'lia. Leaves ftrap-fhaped, fiefhy, 3-pointed, Linn. — or entire at the end. Mr. Woodw. St. J. A ih a- 1 °6. 3, points at the end of the leaves not expreffed. — Dod. 706. 1 , repr. in Lob. obf. 215. 1 ; ic. i. 395. 2, Ger. em. 533* 3> and cop. in Park. 1287, II. ox. vii. 21. 16, and Pet. 17 • 9- — Matth. 491 , cop. in Ger. 427. 3. Stems firm, fmooth, feored, much branched. Leaves at the ends oj the branches crowded. Flowers folitary, terminating the upper „ branches. Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. branches. Fruit-Jlalks thick. Empal. fcales numerous, awl-fhaped, flefhy, yellowifh green. Seeds woolly. Feather fhorter than the floret; rays few, when viewed with a glafs finely toothed on one fide. Mr. Woodward. — Blojfoms yellow. /. crithmoides, Sp. pi. and Huds. Golden Samphire. Salt marfhes on the fea coaft, in a muddy foil. P. Aug. l039- DORO'NICUM. Leopards-bane. Empal. common, with fpear-awl-fhaped leaves, about 20; equal , upright ; in 2 rows ; often as long as the ravs oi the bloffom. Bloss. compound, radiate. Floret smith Chives and Pointals, tubular ; numerous ; in the centre. Florets xvith only Pointals, narrow ; equal in number to the leaves of the empalement ; in the circumference. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped. Border with 5 clefts ; fegments open. Individuals with only Pointals, narrow ; fpear-fhap- ed ; with 3 teeth. Chives. Threads 5 » hair-like; very fhort. Tips united forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud, where both chives and pointals, oblong. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit nicked. Seed-bud and Shaft, where only pointals, the fame. Summits 2 ; bent back. ' S. Vess. none. Empalement {lightly approaching. Seeds, where both Chives and Pointals, Yolitary; °inverfely egg-fhaped ; comprelfed; furrowed. Feather hair-like. IThc/e only Pointals the fame, only (lightly com- preffed. Feather none. Recept. naked ; flat. Ess. Char. Rceptacle naked. Feather Jimple. Empal. fcales in 2 rows ; equal ; longer than the florets of the cen- tre. Seeds of the circumference naked, and without a feather. DORO'NICUM Pardalian'ches. Leaves heart-fhaped blunt, finely toothed ; root-leaves on leaf-fhiks : {fern- leaves embracing the ftem. — great Ludry, 9 26 common \ . i SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Liidw. 57. — Blackw. 239. — Cluj. ii. 19, rcpr. in Ccr. em. 7G2, and cop. in Park. 321. 7, and R. ox. vii. 24. 4. — Mill. 128. — Garf. 15. Stem branched. Seeds of the circuvference naked. Linn. Leopard' s-bane. Wollj' s-bane. About Hoddam Caftle, Annandale, and fevcral other places in the Lowlands. Lightf. — [Near Duplin Houfe. St.] P. May. June. Two drams occafioned a fenfe of inflation in the ftomach, and of general weaknefs, but thefe fymptoms were of fhort duration. It has been recommended in vertigo, epilepfy, and menflrual ob- ftrudtions, but thefe powers want the confirmation of a more accurate experiment. St. 1042. BEL'LIS. Daify. Emfal. common, Ample; upright; leaves from 10 to 20, placed in a double row ; fpear-fhaped ; equal. Bloss. compound, radiate. Florets xvith Chives and Pointals, tubular ; numerous ; in the centre. Florets with only Pointals, narrow ; more in number than the leaves of the cup; in the circumference. Individuals xvith Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped ; with 5 clefts. Individuals with only Pointals, narrow ; fpear-fhaped ; very (lightly marked with 3 teeth. Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; very (hort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Foint. Seed-bud, where chives and pointals, egg-fhaped. Shaft (imple. Summit notched at the end. Seed-bud, where only pointals, egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped. Summits 2 ; handing wide. S. Vess. none. Cup unchanged. Seeds in all the florets, folitary; inverfely egg-fhaped ; compreffed. Feather none. Recept. naked ; conical. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked; conical. Feather none. Empalemevt hcmifphcrical ; feales equal. Seeds inverfely egg-fhaped. B E 1/ L I S peren'nis. Stalk naked. — Curt. Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. Curt. i. 3. — FI. dan. 503. — 'laic. — Blackw. 200. — Ludw . 1C4. — Mattk. 912. — Dod. 265. 1, rcpr. in Lob. obf. 252. 2, ic. i. 476. 1, Ger. ern. 636, 5, improved in pel. 19. 2. — Ger. 510. 4, cop. in H. ox. vi. 8.- 26. — Ger. 510.3, cop. in Cer.em. C36. 4, Park. 530. 1 1, and H. ox. vi. 8. 2g. — Fuchf. 147, cop. in 'Trapp. 1 6 1 . — ( J. B. iii. a. 1 1 1 . 2 , is a different pldnt.J Stalk with 1 flower. Linn. — Stalk hairy, folid at the bottom, fhollow at the end, fometimes with a few leaves. Relhan. — F.orets uf the circumference notched at the end, Mr. Woodward — and tipt ’with a fine carmine. With. — Leaves oblong, blunt, notched. Up read upon the ground. Florets in the centre yeilow, thofe in the (circumference white above, pink beneath. j Daily. — Meadows and paflures. P. March — Sept. The leaves are llightly acrid. The roots have a penetrating pungency. No attention' is paid to it, except what it claims from (the beauty of its flowers. The flowers clofc at night. Horfes, Sheep, and Cows refufe it. Li nn.— A ilorfe eat the (double variety. St. /3 Flower herbaceous, globular. In Mr. Selden’s copfe near his houfe in Worcefterfh. Ray. Beilis flore herbaceo globofo. R. fyn. 184. St. 1048. CHRY- 927 928 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMI A SUPERFLUA. 1048. CHRYSAN'THEMUM. Goldins.* V • * Empal .common, hemifpherical ; tiled. Scales lying clofe upon each other ; the inner becoming gradually larger ; the very innermoft terminating in a Ikinny fcale. Bloss. compound, radiate. Florets with Chives and Pointals, numerous ; tubular ; in the centre. Florets with only Pointals, 1 2 or more ; in the circumference Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped; with 5 clefts; open ; as long as the cup. Individuals with only Pointals, narrow ; oblong ; with 3 teeth. Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort. Fips forming a hollow cylinder ; generally fhorter than the blofs. Point. Seed-hud, where chives and pointals, egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; longer than the chives. Sum- mits 2 ; rolled back. Seed-bud, where only pointals, egg-fhaped. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the other. Summits 2 ; blunt ; rolled back. S. Vess. none. Cup unchanged. Seeds in all the florets, folitary; oblong. Feather none. Recept. naked ; dotted; convex. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Feather none, [a border. Syft. plant.] Empalement hemifpherical, tiled; the feales' at the edge membranaceous. Obs. In the firft divifion of the fpecies, the florets with only pointals fpear-fhaped, and the membranes of the cup narrow. But in the fecond divifion egg-fhaped and lopped, and the membranes of the cup egg-fhaped. * Florets of the circumference n hite . Daily CHRYSAN'THEMUM Leucan'themum. Leaves embracing the ftem, oblong; the upper ferrated; the lower toothed. — * Ox-eye has been adopted by fbme as a generic name, but this thould be affigned to Buphtha'aum, St. Ludw Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. Ludw. 183. — Sheldr. 6. — Matlh. 910, cop. in bod. 265. 3, which repr. in Lob. obf. 253. 2, ic. i. 473. 1, Ger. em. 634, and cop. in Park. 528. 1. — Yale. — Ger. 5 og.—Fuchf . 148, cop. in J.B. iii. a. 114. 2. — Ira*. 144. 1, cop. in Lonic. i. 89. 1. — Pet. rg. 1. — Blacker. 42. — H. o.r. vi. 8. 1 . f. 2. Seeds black, with white (cores, and crowned with a yellow cy- Uindrical head. Linn. — Seeds wijth io angles. Lightf. Mr. ■Woo ward. — Rout-leaves on leaf-ftalks; f:em-leaves fitting. Flower Uarge. Florets of the centre yellow; of 'the circumference fpear-fhaped, with moftly 3 teeth. Shafts faffron-coloured. Relhan. — Stem up- night, fcored, Ample, or with few branches. Leaves, the upper lometimes embracing the ftem, oblong- wedge- fhaped or fpear- fhaped, ferrated, fometimes toothed, and even wing-cleft at, the fcafe. Flower 1, terminating the ftem, and principal branch. Empalement fpear-fhaped, unequal. Ftorets of the circumference ft rap - fpear-fhaped, with 2 or 3 teeth, fometimes entire. Mr. Woodvv. — Empal. outer feales green, edged with brown, the inner with dthe addition of a fkinny membranaceous border. "With. Greater Dairy. Ox-eye. [Mocn-fower, and the flowers moons.] Dry meadows and paftures. P. May. June. The young leaves may be eaten in fallads. Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Cows and Swine refufe it. CHRYSAN'THEMUM tmd'orum. Leaves winged, "with many clefts. Stem branched, fpreading. Linn. — 'Seeds with a gland at the top at -each corner, Sr.* Fl. dan. 6g6. — Pet. 19. 12. — vYalc? — Fnchf. 144, cop. in J. B. iii. a. 120. 2. — (H. cx. vi. 12. 8, is r.nthemis Cotula, bemoan abridged copy of bed. 258.4 Its empalement fhining at the edge occafions it to be affociated with the ChryJ'anthemums. This obfeure piant is readily diftinguifh- *ib!c from Anthemis Cotula, which it very much refembles, as alfo A. arvenps, by the want of chafF on the receptacle; and from Metri- -aria Chammilia by its Hattifh empalement; its feales brown and , -ineven at the edge; its receptacle hemifpherical, not conical; the trays of the bloffom expanding, not bent down; and its flowers neing thrice as large. Linn. — Stem much branched, fmooth, .cored, fometimes purplifh. Leaves, wings diftant, twice or thrice divided, the extreme legments thread-fhaped; mid-rib broau, membranaceous, and fomevvhat embracing the ftem at the bafe, narrowing upwards. Flowers large, terminating. Empal. feales bluntly = * Scminibus exuorfum biglanduloiis. St, 929 Chamomile SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. bluntly fpear-fhaped, unequal, with a green line along the back. Florets of the circumference nearly (trap-fhapcd, 8 to 9 lines long; of the centre greenifh at the bafe, yellow above; fegments fpeardhap- ed, expanding. Receptacle conical. Seeds brown, lopped at each end, with 4 whitifh prominent angles. Mr. Woodward. — Stem fcored. Leaves , fegments hair-like. Empal. the middle row of fcales the largeft, all more or lefs membranaceous and fkinny. Florets of the circumference bent back, 20 or more; thofe in the centre very numerous, yellow. With. — Shajt fcarcely longer than the chives and bloffom. Summits bowed back, comprelfed. Seeds oblong-wedge-fhaped, (lightly compreffed, brown, with 3 fides, and 3 angles, the outer fide the broadeft, convex, fomewhat pro- minent along the back, with a brownifh red circular gland in each corner at the top, refembling the eyes of fome infeCts; the 2 inner fides concave; the angles (harp, prominent, and whitifh, crown- ed at the top with a very (hallow, whitifh, membranaceous border. St. Matricaria inodora. FI. fuec. and Huds. which fee. Corn fields and road fides. A. July— Sept. * * Florets all yellow. Marigold CHRYSANTHEMUM feg'etum . Leaves embracing the Item ; the upper jagged ; the lower tooth-ferrated. — Cluj, i.334. 2, repr. in Dod. 263. 1, L0b.0bf.2cfi>. 2, ic. i. 552. 1, Ger. em. 743. 1, and cop. in Park. 1370. 1, and abridged in H. ox. vi. 4. row 2. 1, and Pet. 19. 6. — frag. 144.2, and cop.inLonic. i. 8g. 1. — J.B. 'ni.a. 105. 1, ill done, if the , plant. Empalement convex. Florets of the circumference ftrap-(haped, with S irregular teeth at the end.RcLH. — Stem upright', fcored, fmooth, branched. Leaves fea-green, varying in figure, as wedge-ftrap or fpear-fhaped, diftantly ferrated towards the bafe, ulually deeply toothed or jagged, with frequently 3 clefts at the end. Flowers very large, terminating. Empal. fcales oval, blunt, fea-green, with membranaceous edges. Florets of the circumference oval, about half an inch long. Seeds (lightly ferrated, whitifh. Mr. Woodw. — Whole plant fmooth. Leaves, fegments terminated by a little pro- jecting point. Florets of the circumference egg-fhaped. Suinmits in the flowers with only pointals, frequently 3. With. Corn Marigold. Goulans. Goldins. [Buddie in Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.] Corn fields. [An extremely troublefome weed in the Norfolk turnep fields in a fandy foil. Mr. Wood war n.] A. June— Aug. [to OCt. St.] It Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. 931 It was imported into Sweden along with corn from Jutland, .•about the end of the la ft century. In Denmark there is a law to mblige the farmers to root it up from their corn fields. It may be idcftroyed by dunging the ground in autumn, followed by a fum- imer fallow, and harrowing the land about five days after lowing ■ the grain. Its yellow Bovvers, however, which follow the fun in a very remarkable manner, give a brilliancy to the fields in tillage, nnd pleafe the eye of the palling traveller. Linn. — A large quan- tity, which grew on fome arable land, was cut when in Bower, '.dried, and eaten by Horfes as a fubftitute for hay. Mr. IIolle- -,/ear. — It is ufed by the Germans for dying yellow. St. 1049. MAJTRICA'RIA. Feverfew. 1 Em pal. common, hemifpherical. Scales ftrap-fhaped ; tiled; not quite equal. IBloss. compound, radiate. Florets with Chives and Pointals, tubular; numerous; in the centre; which is hemi- fpherical. Florets with only Pointals, many; in the circumference. Individuals xvith Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped ; with 5 clefts ; expanding. Individuals with only Pointals, oblong; with q teeth. Chives. Threads 5 ; hair-like; very fh’ort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud, where chives and pointals, oblong; naked. Shaft as long as the chives ; thread-fhaped. Summit cloven ; expanding. Seed-bud, where only pointals, naked. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as in the others. Summits 2 ; rolled back. 5. Vess. none. Cup unchanged. ^Seeds in all the florets, folitary ; oblong. Feather none. IRecept. naked ; convex. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Feather none. Empalement hemifpherical, tiled ; the fcales at the cdppe folid, and ra- ther pointed. MATR I C A'R I A Parthe’nium. Leaves compound, common flat; leafits egg-fhaped, cut. Fruit-ftalks branched. — Ludw. 192. — Car f. 368. — Blache. 192.— Fuchf. 45, cop. in J. B. iii. a. 129 .—Dod. 35. 2, repr. in Lob. olj. 433. 1, ic. i. yr\. 1, Cer. SYNGENESIAPOLYGAMIA SUPERFLU A. i, Ger. em. 652. ir and cop. in Park. 83. 1, and Pet. 19. 5. — Matlh. 907, abridged in H. ox. vi. 10. r. — Ger. 526. — FI. dan. 674* — Louie, i. 151. 2. — Trag. 156. Stem 3 feet high, firm, upright, branched. Leaves roughilh. Frvit-flalhs naked, in a kind of rundle. Em pal. feales with a dry membranaceous border, like that of the Chryfanthemum. Hall. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves winged; mid-rib narrow, infenfibly difappearing as it advances. Florets of the circumference ihort. Hall. St. — Stem f cored, (lightly hair)’. Leaves alternate, (lightly hairy; leajits, 2 01-3 pair, oval, jagged, a large one terminating, wedge-fhaped, with 3 lobes, the middle one of which with 3 clefts, the fide ones fcolloped. Flowers folitary. Fruit-Jlalks thickeft juft beneath the Mower, hairy, moftly branched. EmpaL feales oval. Florets of the circumference wedge-fhaped; white; thofe of the centre yellow. Seeds egg-fhaped, lopped at the bafe, deeply furrowed, whitifh. Receptacle dotted. Mr. Woodward. — Stems angular, fcored. Leaves with winged clefts; leafts oblong or egg-fhaped, deeply divided into about 5 fegments, and thefc again cut and jagged, when magnified appear as if fprinkled with minute fpan- gles. Empal. inner feales flrinny and ragged at the edges. Florets of the circumference egg-(haped ; thofe of the centre crooked, fprinkled with minute fhining particles, only yellow at the top. With. Matricaria , R. fyn. 187. St. Feverfew. — Wafle places, hedges, and walls. P. Relh. St. June, July. The whole plant has a ftrong fmell, and a bitter tafte, and yields an eflential oil by diftiilation. — A Horfe refufed it. St. fca MATRICA'RIA marit'ima. Receptacles hemifpheri- cal. Leaves doubly winged, fomewhat flefhy, convex above, keeled underneath. + — Ray 7. 1. atp. 188. * Leaves too pointed. Mr. Woodward. ■f MATRICA'RIA inod'ora. Receptacles hemifpherical. Seeds crowned and bordered. Scales of the empalement impeded at the edge. Stem fpreading. Huds. including the following as varieties. St. u Chryfanthemum inodorum, which fee. (3 Chamame'um majus folio temiijjimo, cau'e rulenle. R. fyn. 186. J. B. iii, a. 121. y Matricaria maritima, which fee. Corn fields and road fides. A. B. July, Aug. Huds. I Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. 93 . *00* woody, running deep, apparently perennial. Stems reclin- es* darkifh purple, fmooth, firmer and ftronger than thofe of Anthemis nobilis, and forming a fuller turf, but not creeping or fp reading fo wide. Leaves thicker and fhorter, ftiining, dark green. Flowers feveral on a Hem. Dill, in R. fyn. 186.— Florets in the centre yellow ; thofe in the circumference white. Matricaria inodor a y Huds. It is to be wifhed that Mr, Hudfon had affigned his reafons for thus arranging it as a variety of the Chryfanthemum inodorum of Linnaeus. I have no native fpecimen of it, neither does Mr. Hudfon mention any place of growth. But in one given me by thefon of ProfelTor Jacquin, which accords well with the figure in R. fyn. the feeds exa&ly correfpond with thofe of C. inodorum , which induces me to believe that Mr. Hudfon’s defignatien may be juft. St. Sea coaft, in fandy foil. On the coaft of Suffex, and very plentifully at Cockbufh, 7 miles from Chichefter. Dill.— Ifland of Bute, the Weftern fide of Cantire, between Machrianifh and Barr. Lightf. — [Rocks at Down, near Bamff, in Scotland. Dr. Smith.] P. ju,y. M A TRICA'RIA fuave'olens. Receptacles conical ; fweet-fcented : rays bent downwards. Scales of the cup equal at the J J tedge. — Ger. 15. 1. No difference perceptible between thi9 and M. Chamomilla, ex- cept that the rays were larger, and bent down. Probably a variety of it. Lightf. St. — Leaves compound; leafits hair-like. Empal. ifcales fomewhat membranaceous, the edges as it were dead. Mr. Hollefkar. — Empal. fcales blunt, membranaceous at the points and edges, and the inner wholly membranaceous. Hence how uncertain the limits between Matricaria and Chryfanthemum . St. — • ^Florets in the centre yellow; thofe in the circumference white. Matricaria Chamomilla [1 Huds. Corn fields, in a fandy foil. A. June — Aug. Goats, Sheep, and Horfes eat it. Swine refufe it. MATRICARIA Chamomil'la . Receptacles conical ; Chamomile "ays expanding. Scales of the cup equal at the edge. Linn. — Stem upright. Huds.* > Omitting the mention of the rays expanding, or bent down, and in- Uuding Af. fuaveoltni as a variety. St. VoL H- 3 P Ld». syngenesiapolygamiasuperfl.ua. ludw. 1 31 . — -Curt. v. 56. — Blackw. 67. i.—Sheldr. 33.— Doi. 257. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 415* x> ic. i.770. 1, Ger. cw«75T I, and cop. in Park. 85. Blackw. 298.— Fad/. 25, cop. in J. B. iii. o. 116, and abridged in Trag. 148. — Matth. 905. Lome. i. 90. 2 ,—H. ox. vi. 12. y.—Pet. 19. 9. Stem (cored, branched. Leaves doubly winged, the upper often (imply winged; wings diftant; little wings with 2 or 3 clefts; leatits ftrap-lhaped, of an equal breadth with the mid-rib. blowers folitary, terminating. Empal. feales bluntly fpear-lhaped, hairy, membranaceous at the edge, with a green line along' the back. Florets of the circumference white, nearly ftrap-lhaped, at hrlt ex- panding, afterwards bent back; thofe of the centre yellow. Receptacle almoft cylindrical, dotted. Mr. Woodward.— Leaves more than doubly compound, with (lender fegments. Seeds numerous, minute, pale brown, furrowed, Curt. St.— fomewhat bowed inwards, the furrows deeper and more numerous on the inner fide, the. ridges white. St. Corn fields, cultivated ground, dunghills, and road hdes. A. May— Aug. Its properties refemble thofe of Anthemis nobilis. The f inlanders ufe an infulion of it in confumptives cales. . Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Iiorfes are not fond ot it. Swine refufe it. 1052. AN'THEM I S Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. i°52. ANTHEMIS. Chamomile. £mpal. common, hemifpherical. Sca/erftrap-fhaped ; nearly equal. 8 loss, compound, radiate. Florets with Chives and Pointals , tubular ; numerous ; in the centre, which is convex. Florets with only Pointals, many; in the circumfe- rence. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped ; with 5 teeth upright. Individuals with only Pointals, narrow ; fpear-fhaped; fometimes with 3 teeth. -hives. Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort. Tips formino- a hollow cylinder. OINT. Seed-bud, where both chives and pointals, ob- long. Shaft as long as the chives ; thread-fhaped. Summits 2 ; bent back. Seed-bud. where only pointals, oblong. Shaft the fame as in the others. Summits 2 ; rolled back. - Vess. none. Cup unchanged. eeds in all the florets, folitary; oblong. Feather none. .Ecept. chaffy ; conical. Ess. Char. Receptacle chaffy. Feather none. Empalement. hemifpherical ; nearly equal . Florets of the circumference * more than 5 . * Rays of a different colour from the centre, white. AN'THEMIS marit'ima. Leaves winged, finely fea rothed, fiefhy, naked, dotted. Stem proftrate. Empal. anewhat cottony. — f. B. iii. a. 1S2. 1. Till. pif. 19.3, — / have never feen the plant. Bauhine s figure accords witk the defcription of Linnaeus and Ray. The leaves of Tilli’s figure are with winged clefts Jlrap- Jhaped. •items widely proftrate, fmooth, purplifh. Leaves winged, cut, ed, fprinkled with hollow dots, more clofely toothed towards bafe, with a purplilh, elevated, tranfverfe line beneath the bafe. vt-Jlalks terminating, folitary, fomewhat fcored, downy, thicker *ve. [lowers of the feent of M. Parthenium. Lins.— Florets in '•centre yellow. Meadows on the fea coaft. P. July. Aug. common 936 SYNGENESIA POLY GAMIA SUPERFLU A. AN' THEMIS nob' ills. Leaves winged-compound, ftrap-fhaped, pointed, fomewhat woolly. Linn. Seeds naked. Huds. Ludw. 155* — Blackw. 298. 1. — Garf. 215. a, and 4 on the right hand.—Dod. 260. 1, repr.in Lob.obf. 445. 2; tc. i. 770. 2, Ger. em. 755. 4. — Blackw. 52C. — 7 rag. 149. — Ger. G16. 4. — 7. fi. iii. 1 18. — Pet. 19. i°. Stems trailing, hairy. Leaves doubly winged; wings rather diftant; little wings fometimes ivith 2 or 3 clefts, pointed, hairy, greyifh. Flowers folitary. Empalement hairy, with broad, flam- ing, membranaceous edges. Florets of the circumference fomewhat elliptical, either entire, or with 2 or 3 teeth; thofe of the centre vellow. Mr. Woodw. — Stems and fruit-Jlalks cylindrical, fcored, a little woolly. Leafts with feveral unequal, nearly cylindrical fegments, a little hairy. Empalement fkinny at the edges, and fet with a few hairs along the green part in the middle. Florets of the circumference with 3, or 2 teeth, and fometimes entire; all, but efpecially thofe of the centre, fprinkled with fmall, tranfparent, fhining globules. Summits , where only pointals, fometimes 3. Chaff oblong-egg- fhaped, like the fcales of the empalement, but more fkinny, and rather more hairy. Specimen cultivated, and the flowers tending to double. With. Sweet-fcented Chamomile. Roman Chamomile. Boggy paftures. In Cornwall fo plentifully that you may fcent it all along as you ride. Ray.— Sunny meadows and Pfftures; Huds —[On the Green at Plengwary, Redruth, and other old common paftures in the Weftern part of Cornwall, where it is much finer Rented than in gardens. Mr. Watt.— Park at Oat- lands, Surrey. Mr. Woodward.] j The leaves and flowers have a ftrong, not ungrateful imell, and. a bitter naufeous tafte. They afford an effential oil.— An infufion of the flowers is often ufed as a ftomachic, and as an antifpafmo- pic. In large quantities it excites vomiting.—' The powdered flowers, in large dofes, have cured agues, even when the Bark had failed. Both the leaves and flowers poflefs very confiderable antifeptic properties, and are therefore ufed in antifeptic fomentations, anc poultices. From their antifpafmodic powers, they are frequent]} found to relieve pain, either applied externally, or taken intei nally. Ray recommends the flowers in calculous cafes. IS nudum. Florets of the circumference wanting. St. Dcd. 2G0. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 446. 1; ic. i. 771- 2> Gcr- 754. 2, and cop, in Park. 86. 2, J. B. iii. a. 119. 2, andH ox. vi. 12. 3. — Gcr. 615. 2. G hayicrmelum lutcum capitulo aphyllo . R. fyn. 185. St. AN'THEMLf 937 Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. AN' THEMIS aruenjis. Receptacles conical. Chaff briftle-fhaped.* Seeds crowned with a border. Linn. Leaves fomewhat woolly. HuDs.f Pet. 19. 8.— (Wale.— may be the true A. arvenfts, but there being no appearance of chaff, it jhould feem to be Chryfanthemum inodorum.) Plant hoary. Appearance and height of A. Cotula. Stems more fpreading. Fruit-Jlalks longer, not fo much fcored; fcores 4 or 5. Leaves more hoary, fcentlefs. Evipal. inner feales widened and membranaceous at the end. Chaff fpear-fhaped. Seeds crowned with a 4-cornered border as in Chryfanthemum inodorum. Linn. — Root hard, woody. Stems numerous, fiender, hard, but flexible. Leaves fine, whitilh. Dodon. St. — Stem branched immediately above the root, fcored, flightly hairy, pale green, with fometimes a tinge of red. Branches generally naked upwards. Leaves fitting, winged; mid-rib broad; wings either winged, or only jagged, fea-green. Flowers terminating. Fruit-Jlalks hairy, and fomewhat thick beneath the empalement. Empal. feales oval, with an awl- fhaped green line along the back, fomewhat hairy; edges mem- branaceous. Florets of the circumference white, fomewhat elliptical, with 2 or 3 teeth, 4 or 5 lines long; thofe of the centre with a green- ifh tube, fwelling upwards; border yellow, bent back. Chaff fpear-fhaped, very much pointed, fomewhat keeled, as long as the florets. Seeds quadrangular, fmooth, flightly furrowed, nar- roweft at the bafe, crowned with a blunt margin. Mr. Woodvv. — Whole plant flightly woolly. Stems numerous, afeending, cylin- drical, flightly fcored, branched towards the top. Leaves winged; * Spear-fhaped. FI. fuec. both in the charaiter and defeription, and in the defeription in Sp. et JyJl. pi. St. f Linnaeus cites no figure, and Ray, Hudfon, and Lightfoot only Pel. 19. 8. The figures added above appear to me to be the fame plant, and all of them are good reprefentations of what I believe to be the Chamamelum inodorum. R. fyn. 185. This plant is cited by Linnaeus, but with a mark of doubt. I do not prefume to alfert that the A. aruenjis is not a native, but the feeds of the plant, which I confider as figured by Petiver, are imverfely conical, flightly angular, lopped, fmooth, not covered with rough points, as thofe of A. Cotula, or the angles or top edged with a membranaceous border, as in Chryfanthe- mum inodorum, or opaque border as in A. auflriaca of Jacquin. If the feed* fhould not prove liable to vary in the abfence or prefence of the margin at the top, as thofe of A. Cotu'a do in the degrees of roughnefs, I am inclined to think it will turn out to be a diftind fpecies. When in flower it not un- frequently whitens whole fields. It accords well with Dodonatus’s deferip- .lion of Cotula alba, Jive Oculus bovis, and the root has the appearance at lead, •f being like that, perennial. St. 3 P 3 leafits com 9 38 SYNGENESIAPOLYGAMIA SUPERFLU A. leafts with winged clefts, and thefe again cut into 2 or 3 narrow fegments, terminated by femi-tranfparent, conical, fharp points. Cotula alba. Cotula non fatida. Oculus bovis. Bupkhalmum. Dod. pempt. 259, is the plant noticed in the note below, and here de- i'cribed. St. With. Gravel pits in Peckham Fields, and in the barren flubble fields between Eltham and Shooter’s-hill. Ray. — Corn and fallow fields. Huns. — Corn fields and way lides, in gravelly foils. Parsons in FI. [cot. — [Paftures about Affcote and the Stewponey, near Stour- bridge, Worcefterftiire. St.] B. June, July. Cows and Sheep eat it. Holies are not fond of it. Linn. /3 All the Horets narrow. St. Cotula non fcetida fore plena. R. fyn. 186. St. St. James’s field on the upper iide near the highway, and at Great Strickland, Weftmoreland. R. fyn. (linking AN'THEMIS C.o'tula. Receptacles conical. Chaff briflle-fhaped. Seeds naked. Linn. — Leaves naked. Huds. — Seeds with rough points. Hall. St. Curt. v. 56.— Dod. 258, repr. in Lob. obf. 447. 1, ic. i. 773. 2, Ccr. em. 757. 1 , and ill cop. in Park. 87. 9, and abridged in 11. ox. vi. 12. 8. — Fuchf. 583, cop. in J. B. iii. a. 121. 1. — Blachv. 67, leafts rather briftle-Jhaped. — Garf. 216. — Pet. 9. n. — H. ox. vi. 12. 10. — (Sheldr. 33, and Blackiv. 67,4 are Matricaria 'Chamomilla, andPet.Q. 12, is Chryfanthemum inodor urn.) Pruit-falks with about 8 fcores. Empal. feales by no means widened towards the point, and fcarcely membranaceous. Chaff' very mi- nute, like a fine brittle. Seeds not crowned with the 4-cornered , edge, but terminated by a fimple pore. Linn. — Leaves doubly winged, broadilh; mid-rib leafy. Seeds rough with points on all lides. Hall. St. — Stem upright. Leaves fmooth. Leers. With. — Plant palifh green. Stem Lightly downy. Leafts often cloven towards the end. Petals hanging down, and continuing in that ftate till morning. Curt. — Stem upright, branched upwards. Branches alternate. Leaves doubly or trebly winged, green. Flowers folitary, terminating. Empal. feales fpear-fh aped. Chaff {barter than the florets. Seeds with many warty angles. Mr.Wooow. — Stem fcored. Leaves flightly woolly. Blojs. of the circumference elliptical-oblong, with 3 teeth. Seeds inverfely egg-fliaped,- lopped at the end, with a prominent point in the middle, before they ripen f Trew on Blachw. t. 67, judicioully obferves on his fynonym of Cotula fatida, Cer. em. 757, “cum icone Cotula: alba? Dodoiuei non conveniente.” St. Tips United, Superfluous Pointals.' ripen crowned with a flefhy herbaceous fuhftance formed of the tube of the blofifom. Sr. — Florets of the circumference with 3 teeth; thofe of the centre yellow. Stinking May-weed . [Mathen.J Corn fields, road lides, and borders of dunghills. A. May— Aug. Toads are faid to be fond of this plant. — It is very ungrateful and difpleafing to bees. — Goats and Sheep are not fond of it. Horfes, Cows, and Swine refufe it. Linn. It frequently bliflers the fkin of reapers and of children .who happen to gather it. The heads, rubbed between the fingers, fmell intolerably difagreeable. The larvae of the CaJJida viridis feed upon it. Curt. R All the florets narrow. St. Cotula feetida fore plena. R. fyn. 185. S r. Fields between Hitchin and the Bald Oak, in the Ifle of Thanet, and between Gillingham and Chatham. R. fyrt. * * Rays of the fame colour with the centre, yellow. AN'THEMIS tintto'ria. Leaves doubly winged, Ox-eye ferrated, cottony underneath. Stem fupporting a broad- topped {pike. Linn. — Leaves winged; wings with winged clefts. Mr. Woodward. St. Blackw. 439 .—FI. dan. 741.— Cer. 607. 3 .—Matth. 909.— Barr. 465. — Cluj. i. 332. 2, repr.inGer. em. 747. — Pet. pg. 7. — Fuchf. 26, cop. in J. B. iii. a. 122. 2, and imitated in Trag. 152. — Garf. 419. Stem hard, angular. Leaves hoary underneath, winged, with a broad mid-rib; wings Ample. Flowers, one terminating each branch. Seeds in the circumference bowed inwards. Hall. St. — Stem fcored, flightly hairy, much branched. Leaves, the lower winged; wings fpear-fhaped, toothed, flightly hairy and green above, feagreen underneath ; the lower wings fhort, diftant, toothed; the upper wings with winged clefts; mid-rib broader than the wings; the upper-leaves with winged clefts; mid rib broad toothed; wings irregular, ftrap-fpear-fhaped, toothed; th eupper- mofl leaves fometimes {imply toothed. Fruit-falks long, naked, fcored, flightly hairy, terminating the Hem and branches, each with 1 flower. Empalement tiled; feales numerous, the outer of various lengths, fpear-fhaped, hairy, with a green line along the back, white and Alining at the edge. Florets of the circumference broad, with 3 teeth. Mr. Woodward. — Stems fcored, woolly. Leaves winged; leafts with winged clefts, the fegments tapering, finely pointed. Empalement hollowed on the under fide round the fruit-ftalk, woolly. With. St .—Seeds oblong, fomewhat taper- 3 P 4 ing 939 94° SYNGENESIAPOLYGAMIASUPERFLUA. ing towards the bafe, {lightly compreffed, pale brovvnifh yellow, {ides very {lightly {cored, edges rather {harp and fomewhat pro- minent; top lopped, and furrounded with a {hallow, fharp,fome- what membranaceous edge. St . Ox-eye.— Sunny paftures, but not common. On a bank near the River Tees, not far from Sogburn, Durham. R.fyn. P. July, Aug. The flowers afford a remarkably clear and good yellow dye. — The flowers of the Chryfanthemum fegetum refemble them much in appearance, but experience proves they cannot be fubftituted in their place. — Horfes and Goats eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Cows and Swine refufe it. 1053. ACHILLE'A. Yarrow. Empal. common, oblong; egg-fhaped ; tiled. Scales egg- fhaped ; fharp ; approaching. Bloss. compound, radiate. Floi'ets with Chives and Point als, 15 to 16; tubular; in the centre. Florets with only Point als, 5 to 10; narrow; in the circumference. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped ; with 5 clefts ; open. Individuals with only Pointals, narrow; inverfely heart-fhaped ; expanding ; cloven into 3 fegments ; the middlemoft the fmalleft. Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder. Point. Seed-bud , where both chives and pointals, fmall. Shaft thread-fhaped; as long as the chives. Summit blunt ; notched at the end. Seed-bud, where only pointals, fmall. Shaft thread- fhaped ; as long as the other. Summits 2 ; blunt ; bent back. S. Vess. none. Cup but little changed. The Receptacle thread-fhaped ; lengthens out into the centre of the feeds ; egg-fhaped ; and twice as long as the empal. Seeds in all the florets, folitary ; egg-fhaped; woolly. Feather none. Recept. chaffy; elevated. Chaff fpear-fhaped ; as long as the florets. Ess. Char. Receptacle chaffy. Feather none. Empalement cgg-Jhaped; tiled. Florets of the circumference about 4. * Rays • • / Tips United, Superfluous Pointals. 941 * Rays of the blojjom, white. ACHILLE'A Ptar'mica. Leaves fpear-fhaped, taper- Sneeze-wort ing, fharply ferrated. — Ludw. 1 18, but ferratures of the leaves not expreffed. — Wale. — Fuchf. 639, cop. in J. B. iii. a. 147, and abridged in frag. 159, and Lonic. i. 235. 2. — Pet. 19. 3. — FI. dan. 643. — Garf. — H. ox. vi. 12. row 3. i.f. 1. — Blackw. 276. — Cluj. ii. 12. 1, repr. in Dod. 710. 1, Lob. obf. 243. 3, ic. i. 455. 2, Ger. em. 606. 1, and cop. in Ger. 483. 1, and Park. 859. f. 1. — Matth. 585. Stem not fo woolly, (lender, or angular as A. Millefolium. Flowers fewer, and larger. Empalement not fo much tiled. Florets of the circumference more numerous, 18 to 13. Relhan. — Stems 1 to 2 feet high, firm, fomewhat angular, fmooth, often reddifh. Leaves upright, fcattered, fitting, firm, fmooth, flrap-fpear-fhaped, dark green, ferratures very minute. Fruit-flalks fomewhat cottony, with or without a floral-leaf. Empal. feales fpear-fhaped, keeled, cottony, bright green; edges membranaceous and reddifh brown. „ Florets of the circumference oval, broad, with 3 teeth, and a fhort tube; thofe of the centre ve ry fhort, dirty yellow. Mr. Woodw. — Stems angular, fomewhat woolly. Leaves half embracing the Hem ; ends of the ferratures white, and almofl of a bony hard- nefs. Empal. feales woolly without, brownifh and fkinny at the edges. Florets of the circumference rarely more than 12; thofe of the centre numerous. Chaff woolly. With. Sneeze-wort. Goofe-tongue. Bajlard Pellitory. — Moift meadows and fhady places, [and balks of corn fields. St.] P. July, Aug. The roots have a hot biting tafte. — The young tops are fharp and pleafant in fpring fallads. — The powdered leaves excite fneezing. — Horfes, Cows, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. /3 Flowers double. Linn. R. fyn. — Leaves truly fpear-fhaped, ferratures deeper, as in the figures of H. ox. Dod. &c. Mr. Woodward. Cluj. ii. 12. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 606. 2. All the florets, except a few in the very centre, narroiv. With. Dracunculus pratenfis fore pleno. Clus. hid. II. 12. Bauh. pin. ■ 98. St. Small Holme Ifland in Winander-mere, and at Chilmark, Wiltfhire. R. fyn. — [At Ripton. Found by Mr. J. Whitelocke, nurferyman at Fulham. Mr. Woodward.] ACHILLE'A Millefo'liuin. Leaves doubly winged, Milfoil •naked; fegments ftrap-fhaped, toothed. Stem furrowed 1 upwards. — Ludw. 942 SYNGENESIAPOLYGAMIASUPERFLUA. Ludw. 67 —FI. dan. 737-— Anderf.—Blackw . lZ.—Cluf. i. 33x * repr. in Dod. 100. 2, Lob. obj. 431, 1 > lc* 1A1 • 2» Ger. em. 1072. 2, cop. in LI. ox. vi. 1 1. 14, and abridged in Pet. 19. 4. —Ger. 914.2 .—Louie, i. 240. i.—Garf. -388.— Ger. 914. 1. —Fuchf. 727, co/). in J. B. iii. a. 136, and abridged in Trag. 477. — Matih. 1x42, imitated in Dod. 100. 1, K'fo’cft repr. in Lob.obf. 430. 2, ic. i.747. 1, Ger. em. 1072. 1, and co/>. in Park. 694. i.—H. ox. vi. 11. 6 .—Matth. 1141. Stem angular, cottony. Fruit-Jlalki cottony. Empal. feales fpear- fhaped, keel green, edges membranaceous. Mr.Woonw. — Leaves woolly; fegments toothed. Ilowers in a broad-topped 1 pike. Plofs . white, or reddifh pui'ple. Empal. feales woolly, fkinny rt t ie edges. Florets of the circumference, 5; border nearly circular, bent back, flightly cloven into 3 ; thofe of the centre 15 or more, but not more than 4 or 5 expanding at once. 7 ips yellow. \\ ith. fi Bloffoms purple, Linn. — and fometimes nearly crimfon. — Authors have given diftincl figures of this, but the references to them are incorporated with thofe of the white, as thefe varieties differ only in the colour of the blofTom. St. Yarrow. Milfoil. Meadows, paftures, and road (ides. P.June Aug. The flowers yield an eflential oil. The leaves are celebrated by the Materia Medica writers for a variety of purpofes, but they are little attended to at prefenG Sheep and Swine eat it. Horfes, Cows, and Goats are not fond of it. Order TIPS UNITED, BARREN FLORETS. 943 Order III. \ POLY G AMI A FRUSTRANEA; BARREN FLORETS. 1066. CENTAURE'A. Knap-weed. Em pal. common, tiled ; roundifh ; fcales often terminat- ing varioufly. Bloss. compound, florets all tubular; but of different fhapes. Florets xvith Chives and Pointals, many ; in the centre. Florets with only Pointals, not fo many ; larger; more flexible; in the circumference. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, petal i . Tube thread-fhaped. Border diftencled ; oblong ; upright ; terminating in 5 ftrap-fhaped, upright fegments. Individuals with only Pointals, petal 1 . Tube {lender ; gradually becoming wider, bent backwards. Border oblong; oblique; unequally divided. Chives. Threads 5; hair-like; very fhort. Tips forming a hollow cylinder, as long as the bloffom. Point. Seed-bud, where chives and pointals, fmall. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the chives. Summit very blunt; in many cloven ; with a projecting point. Seed-bud, where only pointals, very fmall. Shaft next to none. Summit none. S. Vess. none. Cup unchanged ; doling. Seeds in the fertile florets of the centre, folitary. Feather either downy, as in the greater part of the fpecies, or hairy. Ess. Char. Receptacle brijlly. Feather fimple. Blojfoms of the circumference funnel-Jhaped, longer, irregular. Ou5. The fcales of the cup, and the feathers oT the feeds, diffe- rent in different fpecies. * Cyani. Scales of the empalenient ferrate! -fringed. CENTAURE'A ni'gra. Scales of the empalements black fringed, with the little fcale at the end egg-fhaped; fringed, hair-like, upright. Leaves lyre-fliaped, angular. Flowers without rays. Linn. — Leaves entire or jagged. Ray. Mr. Woodward. Walc> 4 Syngenefia Polygamia Fruftranea. Wale.— Reich. fi.—Cluj. ii. 7. 2, repr. in Dod. 124 2, Lob. obf. 292. 3, k. i. 541. 1, Ger. em. 727. 1, and cop. in Park. 468. 1, H. ox. vii. 28. row 2. 1, and Pet. 22. 8. — J. B. iii. a. 27. 3. — (FI. dan. 519, has the feales of the empalement torn , as C. Jacea, to which Linnaeus refers it. — Ger. 588. 1, feems alfo , from the appearance of the feales, to be C. Jacea. — In Pet. 22. g, the fruit-Jlalks are naked.) Differs from C. phrygia in the fringed little fcale being egg- fhaped, between upright and open, and not bowed back andawl- fhaped. Alike to C. Jacea, but without neutral florets in the cir- cumference. Linn. — Empalement black. Flower purple. Relh. Leaves, the upper egg-fpear-fhaped, the uppermojl ftrap-fhaped. Hall. St. — Stem angular, fcored, (lightly cottony, often tinged with purple. Branches as the ftem, alternate, the upper one rifing above the ftem, thickeft towards the top, with 1 flower. Leaves with winged clefts, or toothed, fometimes entire, fpear-fhaped, fitting, more or lefs cottony. Empal. outer feales fpear-fhaped, dark purple, almoft black, with a long fringe, and there hairy; the middle ones yellow, ftrap-fhaped below, fpear-fhaped and fringed at the end; the inner whitifh, fmooth, fhining, ftrap-fhaped, terminated by a broad, roundifh, purple, little-fcale, convex without, concave within, ragged, not fringed. Florets all alike ; tube whitifh, long; border purple, longer than the tips. Shaft fhorter than the tips, with a downy ring beneath the fummit. Summit (lightly cloven. Mr. Woodward. Knap-weed. Knop-wecd. Horfe-knops. Matjellon. [ Hard-heads % Worcefterfhire. Hard-irons, Staffordfhire. St.] Meadows and paftures. P* Juty> Aug. A Horfe eat the young flowering ftems. Gold-finches are fond of the feeds. St. ft Leaves jagged. Huns. 7 Leaves fpear-fhaped, toothed. Flowers with rays. Huds. St.— I have fpecimens at lead in which I have not been able to difeover any chives. St. (Centaurea Jacea of Linnaeus is not referred to by Mr. Hudfon, and I believe it to be a diftindl fpecies. St.) Blue-bottle CENTAURE'A Cy'anus. Cups ferrated. Leaves ftrap-fhaped, very entire, the lowermofl toothed. — Ludw. 55. — Sheldr. 44. — Blackw. 270. — Wale.- — Dod. 251. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 206. 1; ic. i. 546. 2, Ger. em. 732. 2, and cop. in Park. 482. 2, and abridged in Pet. 22. 4. — Fuchf. 428, cop. in J. B. iii. 21.3. — Ger. 592.2. — Tr»g. 56. Lonic.i. 182. 1. — Matth. 508. — H. ox. vii. 25. 4. Blojfom TIPS UNITED, BARREN FLORETS. Blojums blue, fometimes white, rofe-coloured, or purple. Linn. — Leaves, the lowermoft fometimes very entire. Mr. Hollefear. — Stem i to 2 feet high, angular, firm, flightly cottony, branched upwards. Leaves numerous, whitifh and cottony underneath, with 3 parallel ribs. Branches with i flower. Empal. fcales fpear- fhaped, the outer green, tinged with purple, cottony, fharply ferrated; ferratures fmooth, fkinny, purplifh without, white within, fometimes white on both tides; the inner entire. Florets of the circumference, fegments fpear-lhaped, pointed; thofe of the centre, fegments rather fhorter than the tips. Pointal in the florets of the circumference none. Summit, where chives and pointals, triangular, purplilh, rather fhorter than the tips. Feather fhort, hair-like. Mr. Woodward.— Stem angular, with fmall tufts of white wool. Leaves with 3 ribs. Empalement edged with brown, fkinny, fpear-fhaped teeth. Florets with • chives and pointals, the border filled with a honey-like juice. Threads furrounded juft be- low the tips with a fringe of lilvery glandular hairs. Tips almoft black, horny at the top. Shaft a little hairy juft beneath the fum- mit. Summit cloven. With. Blue-bottles. Corn-fiower. Hurt-fickle. [Batchelor' s-buttons, York- fhire and Derbyfhire. St.] Cora fields. A. June— Aug. The expreffed juice of the petals is a good blue ink, it ftains li- ‘ nen of a beautiful blue, but the colour is not permanent in the mode it has hitherto been applied. Mr. Boyle fays, the juice of the central florets, with the addition of a very fmall quantity of alum, makes a lafting tranfparent blue not inferior to ultramarine. Gent. Mag. 1748. Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. @ Blofloms purple. In a corn field. W 1 t h. CENTAURE'A Scabio'fa. Cups fringed. Leaves greater with winged clefts ; fegments fpear-lhaped. — Malth. 969. — J. B. iii. a. 32. 2. — Ger. 588. 2, and 583. 5. (Cluj. ii. 9. 2, repr. in Dod. 251. 3, Lob.obf. 292. 4, ic. i. 541. 2, Ger. em. 727. 2, and abridged in H. ox. vii. 26. row l.f. 3, and Pet. 22. 7, is C. muricata.) Root-leaves winged, on long lqaf-ftalks, with a winged mid-rib; wings egg-fhaped, toothed, frequently with wing-cleft appendages at the bafe, the terminating one very large, confluent with the next pair; Jlem-leaves with winged clefts; fegments fpear-fhaped, moftly entire. Flowers- Angle, terminating. Empalement bellying; fcales clofely tiled, in feveral rows, egg-fhaped, green, nearly fmooth, 946 Syngenefia Polygamia Fruftranea. fmooth, fringed, tipt and edged with black. Florets tubular; thofe of the circumference without chives or pointals, reddifh purple, fcored; fegments 4, fometimes 5. Tips whitifh. Shaft pale below, purplifh upwards, with a downy ring beneath the fummit. Summit cloven. Seeds oval, brown, compreffed, fhining; viewed with a glafs (lightly hairy. Feather yellowifh, briflly, as long as the ieed. Mr. Wood w. — Stem nearly cylindrical, fcored. Leaves roughifh, and a little hairy. Empalement globular; feales black, green at the bafe, fringed with light brown hair. Florets of the circumference without either (haft or fummit; thofe of the centre marked on the outfide with 5 dark purple lines, the tube and diftended border filled with a honey-like juice. Threads a little woolly. Tips fhining, dark purple. Summit cloven. Fruit-jlalks long, naked. Blojfoms purple, fometimes white. With. Great Knap-weed. Borders of corn fields, and corn fields. P. July. Horfes, Sheep, Goats, and Swine eat it. Cows refufe it. * * Calcitrapae. Empalements with compound thorns. far CENTAURE'A Calcitra'pa. Empalements almpft doubly thorned, fitting. Leaves with winged clefts, ftrap-fhaped, toothed. Stem hairy. — Ger. 1003. 1. — Cluf. ii. 7. 3, repr. in Dod. 733, Lob. obf. 482. 2; ic. ii. 11. 2, Ger. em. 1166. 1, and cop. in J. B. iii. a. 8g, and rudely in Park. g38. 1, and abridged in Pet. 21. 1 1. — Ger. 1003. 2. — Lonic. i. 72. 2. Stem proliferous. Empal. thorns white. Blojfoms purple, not yellow, fometimes white. Linn. Star T hijlle. Barren meadows and road fides. [Yarmouth Denes, near the fea, with a white bloffom, frequent. Mr. Woodward. — In Cambridgefhire. St.] A. Aug. St. Barnabys CENTAURE'A folJUtia'Us. Empalements doubly thorned, folitary. Leaves of the branches running down, without thorns, fpear-fhaped ; root-leaves lyre-wing- cleft. — Dod. 734. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 1 1 66. 2, and cop. in Park. g8g. 4, and imitated in Pet. 21. 12. — Col. phyt. 31. — Lob. adv. 372, repr. in ic. ii. 12. 1. — ('Ger. 1003. 2, is, as C. B. makes it, C. Calcitrapa.) Root fibrous. Stem 2 feet high, branched, open. Root-leaves lyre-ihaped, tapering; lateral fegments fpear-fhaped, toothed, the terminating one winged, triangular, halberd-fhaped; Jlem and branch-leaves Tips United, Neceffary Pointals. 947 tp ranch-leaves very entire, fhort, waved, fprinkled with a white .;ob-web-like vvool. Flowers terminating, folitary. Fruit-Jlalks I iyery long, leafy. Empalements egg-lhaped, without any leaf at lihebafe; fcales white, thofe which furround the bafe longeft, j »nly toothed at the bafe, with hand-ihaped fhort and nearly equal I (horns; the reft with awl-fhaped thorns as long as the empale- 1 -nent, and armed on each fide with leffer thorns. Blqjfoms yellow. ■ Lisn. St. Barnaby's Tbifile. Corn fields and hedges. Not far from Cirencefter, Glouce- dterfhire, and Northfleet, Kent. A. July. Aug. Order IV. lPOLTGAMIA NECESSARIA; NECESSARY POINTALS. 1079. FILA'GO. Cat’s-foot. 1 Empal. common, compofed of chaffy fcales; tiled ; con- taining in the centre many florets with chives and pointals, and amongft the lower fcales folitary Florets with only pointals. :Blqss. Individuals with Chives and Pointals, funnel-fhaped. Border with 4 clefts ; upright. Individuals with only Pointals, not very confpicuous ; thread-fhaped ; very (lender; mouth cloven. * Chives. Threads 4; hair-like; finall. ftps forming a hollow cylinder, with 4 teeth at the top. Point. Seed-bud, where chives and pointals, hardly per- ceptible. Shaft funple. Summit (harp ; cloven. Seed-bud, where only pointals, inverfelv egg- fhapedfrather large; depreffed. Shaft thread-fhaped. Summit cloven ; fhaxp. S.VESs.none. Seeds in thofe florets that have both chives and pointals, none. In the. florets with only pointals, inverfely egg-fhaped; compreffed; fmooth; final]. FeaMeruone. Recept. The centre naked ; but at the fides the chaffy fcales of the empalement leparate the florets. E»s. 1 548 Syngenefia Polygamia Monogamia. Ess. Char. Receptacle naked. Feather none. Empalement tiled. Florets with only Pointals placed between the fcales of the empalement. Cud-iveed FILA'GO german'ica. Panicle forked. Flowers rounded, in the divifions of the branches, hairy. Leaves Gnaphalium germanicum, which fee. leaf FILA'GO monta'na. Stem nearly forked, upright. Flowers conical, terminating, and in the divifions of the branches. — Gnaphalium montanum, which fee. rafs-leaved F I L A ' G O gal'lica. Stem forked, upright. Flowers awl-lhaped, in the divifions of the branches. Leaves thread-fhaped. — Gnaphalium gallicum, which fee. Order VI. MONOGAMIA; FLOWERS SIMPLE. logo. J A S I O' N E. Sheep’s-bit. Empal. Common Cup of many leaves ; permanent; alter- nate ; the inner narrower ; inclofing feveral flowers upon very fhort fruit-flalks. Proper Cup with 5 clefts ; fuperior ; permanent. Bloss. Individuals with 5 petals. Petals fpear-lhaped ; up- right ; connetted at the bafe. Chives. Threads 5; awl-fhaped; fhort. Tips 5 ; oblong; conne&ed at the bafe. Point. Seed-bud beneath ; roundifh. Shaft thread-fhaped ; as long as the bloffom. Summit cloven. S. Vess. Capfule roundifh ; with 5 angles and 2 cells; crowned hy the proper Cup. Seeds many; fomewhat egg-flaaped. Ess. Char. Common Empalement of 10 leaves. Blojfom regu- lar, of 5 petals. Capfule beneath, of 2 cells. Obs. .949 TIPS UNITED, FLOWERS SIMPLE. IObs. The central florets frequently barren, and the fummit ub-fhaped and undivided. J AS I O'NE monta'na. — Scabious Curt. iv. 41. — FI. dan. 319, but has too much the habit of Chryfocome. — H. ox. v. 5. 48. — Pet 5. 2. — Dod. 122. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 291. 3, ic. i. 536. 2, Ger. em. 723. 12. .Leaves obfeurely ferrated. Linn. hort. cliff.— Blojfoms fometimes nite. Linn.— Leaves fometimes ferrated. Hall. — Leaves fome- mes, though feldom, with here and there a fmall tooth. Stems any, upright, or trailing, a foot or more high, angular, fcored, iry, often tinged with purple, cloathed with leaves for fome- :ing more than one third of their height, above naked. Branches *reral, from amongft the upper leaves, alternate, much fhorter ud flenderer than the ftem. Leaves ftrap, or ftrap-fpear-fhaped, ting, waved at the edge, hairy, pointing upwards. Flowers foli- Ty, terminating. Empal. outer feales oval-fpear-fhaped, blunt, ith 2 or 3 teeth on each edge, hairy towards the bafe; inner fpear- taped, toothed. Proper Cup, fegments briftle-fhaped. Mr. ^oodward. — Fruit-Jlalks naked. Blojfoms blue. Hairy Sheep's Scabious. 1 Only in very dry parched fituations. Linn. St. — Sandy and irren fallows and pafture. Ray. — Meadows and heaths. Huns. A. June, July. Bees are remarkably fond of the flowers. Linn. "ol. II. sQ 1090. LOBE'LIA. Syngenefia Polygamia Monogamia. 1091. LOBE'LIA. Cardinal-flower. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; with 5 teeth; very fmall; embrac- ing the feed-bud ; fhrivelling. Teeth nearly equal; the 2 upper ones a little railed. Bloss. Petal 1; rather gaping. Tube cylindrical ; longer than the cup; above divided lengthways. Border with 5 divilions. Segments fpear-fhaped ; the 2 upper ones fmaller ; more reflefted ; more deeply divided ; forming the upper lip. The 3 lower ones generally larger, and more expanding. Chives. Threads 5; awl-lhaped; as long as the tube of the blolfom. Tips connected fo as to form an ob- long cylinder, opening at the bafe in 5 different directions. Point. Seed-bud beneath; tapering to a point. Shaft cylindrical ; as long as the chives. Summit blunt ; rough with hair. S. Vess. Capfule egg-fhaped; with 2 cells; opening at the top ; encompalfed by the cup. Seeds many; very fmall. Ess. Char. Empalement with 5 clefts. Bloffoms irregular, of 1 petal.* Capfule beneath ; cells 2 or 3. \ * Leaves very entire. LOBE'LIA Dortman'na. Leaves flrap-fhaped, very entire, containing 2 cells. Stem almoft naked. — FI. dan. 39. — Lightf. 21, at p. 505. — Cluf. cur. 40, cop. in park. 1250, and Pet. 67. 7. Whole plant, even the leaves beneath the water, milky. Leaves deprefied, tubular, and remarkable for having a double cavity throughout their whole length. Bloffoms bluifh white. Linn. — Root fibrous; fibres numerous, hair-like, whitifh. Stem upright, cylindrical, hollow, fmooth, 12 to 18 inches high, naked, except 3 or 4 oval fitting leales, about a quarter of an inch long. Leaves in a circle at the bottom of the water, numerous, about 2 inches long, bowed back at the end with an elegant curve, fmooth, green, compofed of 2 hollow parallel tubes. Flowers as many as g, in a loofe bunch, riling above the water, from one half to one inch alunder. Fruit-falks fiender, about half an inch long; from the bofom of a flower-fcale. Flower-fcales fimilar to the feales on the ftem. Empalement divided into 5 firap-fhaped fegments, from one 1 and TIPS UNITED, FLOWERS SIMPLE. and a half to two inches long. Bloffoms about 8 lines Ion?- upper Up upright ; the lower, fegmegts oval, bent bade, the middlemoft argelt and longeft. Capfule elliptical, furrounded with the empal forming a ring a little beneath the fummit, and terminated by the fhaft with its club-lhaped hairy fummit. Mr. Woodward. Water Gladiole. Lakes in mountainous countries, as thofe of Wales, Weftmoreland, Cumberland, and Scotland. {Conifton Water, Winander-mere. Mr. Wood ward.] P. July, Aug. * * Stem upright. Leaves cut. ^OBE'LIA aVro. Stem nearly, upright. Lower- leaves roundifh, fcolloped ; the upper fpear-fhaped, fer- rated. flowers irr bunches. — Bocc. rar. 11.3, cop. in H. ox. v. 5. 56.* Stem quite ftraight, fimple, a foot high, rather bare, the corners rough. Root-leaves elliptical, fmooth, bluntifh, fomewhat toothed ; ijtem-leaves far afunder, 8, fitting, as it were glued to at the bafe fiiar ply fern ted, fmooth, 'diftant. Bunch terminating, quite ftraight. Flowers upright, diftant. Empalement with 5 clefts rough; fegments awl-fhaped, upright. Blojnms blue, rough, the palate with 2 pale blotches; fegments of the lower lip fpear-fhaped, hanging down. Li nn.— Whole plant milky, of a warm tafte, and if chewed excites a pungent fenfe of burning in the tongue, Bocon -efpecally the root, Moris. II. 467. n. 56, not 407, as in the *1. angl. where it is called jhnking Lobelia, probably a mifprint for flinging, a quality, however, it does not appear to poffefs. Stem nearly upright, fomewhat curved, 12 to 18 inches high. Leaves fmooth; the lower blunt, 2 inches long, 6 to 8 lines broad, irre- gularly and flightly toothed, on leaLftalks; thofe above fitting; the upper half embracing and clofely preffed to the ftem at the bafe with frequently a bundle of fmall leaves in the bofom, like the rudiments of branches. Bunch long. Flowers to 20 and upwards; die lower diftant, the upper rather crorvded. Fruit-Jlalks with 1 flower, fhort, from the bofom of the floral-leaves. Floral-leaves, 1 the lower fpear-fhaped, the upper awl-fhaped. Empalement with 5 divifions; fegments awl-fhaped, upright, 3 lines long. Blojfoms about half an inch long, rough, bright blue; upper lip, fegments awl-fhaped, upright ; the lower, fegments fpear-fhaped, bent back, the middle one longeft. Chives longer than the tube of the bitinr w I * Stem too leafy, and leaves too fpcar-fliaped, and fitting, not half .embracing the ftem. Mr. Woodward. 3 Q* 95 bloftma. 952 Syngenefia Polygamia Monogamia. bio (Tom. Tips deep blue, with white hairy edges. Summit club- fhaped, hairy, inclofedby the tips. From a ipecimen given me by Mr. Newberry. Mr. Woodward. ' Mountainous meadows. Shute Common, between Axminiter andHonifton, Devonfhire. Mr. Newberry. 1092. VI’OLA. Violet. Empal. Cup fa ort; permanent; leaves egg-oblong; ra- ther (harp at the end ; blunt below ; fixed above the bafe; equal; but varioufly difpofed ; 2 fupportthe upper petal ; 2 the 2 lateral petals ; and 1 fupports the 2 lower petals. . , Bloss. Petals 5 ; irregular, unequal ; the Upper ftraight , facing downwards; broader and blunter than the reft r notched at the end ; terminating at the bale in a blunt horn-like Honey-cup, projedting between the leaves of the cup. ‘ Lateral Petals 2 ; oppolite ; blunt , traight. Lower Petals 2; larger; relieved upwards. Chives. ‘ Threads 5 ; very linall ; the 2 near the uPPe1"" moft petal furnifhed with little appendages which fnter the honey-cup. Lips generally united ; blunt ; with membranes at the end. Point. Seed-bud roundifti. Shaft, thread-lhaped ; extend- ing beyond the tips. Summit oblique. # S.Vess*. Capfule egg-lhaped; 3-edged; blunt; with 1 cell and 3 valves. , . , , Seeds many; egg-fliaped ; furnifhed with appendages, fixed to the valves. Receptacle narrow ; running like a line along each valve. Ess. Char. Empal. leaves 5. Dlojfom of 5 petals ; irregu- lar; horned behind. Capfule above ; valves 3; cell 1. Obs. In fome fpecies the fummit is a fimple reflected hook; m others a little concave knob, periorated at the end. * Without ftems. hairy VI'OLA hir'ta.' Without a ftem. Leaves heart- fhaped, rough with ftrong hair. Linn. Leaves an ea ftalks rough with hair. Floral-leaves below the middle ot the fruit-ftalk. Cvkt. Wale. TIPS UNITED, FLOWERS SIMPLE. Wale. — Curt. i. io.— FI. dan.. 618. — H. ox. v. 35; roxv i.f. 4, imitated in Pet. 37. 7.* — 7 rag. 558. Root thickilh, upright, rifing up, knotty with the' fears from old leaves. Leaves fomewhat oblong, hairy underneath. Leaf- • Jialks hairy underneath. Fruit-Jlalks above the floral-leaves, chan- nelled along the back. The petal which has a horn, nicked. Linn. — Root throwing out young fhoots, but which do not creep. Leaves fomewhat longer, and notfo perfectly heart-fhnped as thofe of V. odorala. Blojfoms paler blue than thofe of V. odorata, fcentlefs. After the firfi: flowers are withered, the plant continues, fora month or more, to throw out others entirely deftitute of petals, or with only the rudiments of them, which never appear beyond the empalement, but with all the other parts of fructification perfect, and producing as the firft crop perfect feed. Curt. — Leaves oblong- heart-fhaped, fcolloped, woolly; the ribs of the lower furface hairy. Leaf-Jlalks long, hairy underneath. Fruit-Jlalks long, with a pair of fpear-fhaped floral-leaves below the middle. Empal. leaves oval, blunt. Petals, the lateral ones bearded towards the bafe. Tips (lightly attached to each other. Summit a hook at right angles to the pointal. Befides the above flowers on long fruit;- ftalks with petals, other afterwards come out amongft the leaves, by which they are hid, the fruit-ftalks being fhort and declining. Capfule nearly fpherical, with 3 imperfect angles, terminated by the pointal. Mr. Woodward. Shady places and hedges in a calcareous foil. P. Mar. Apr. Horfes, Cows, Goats, and Sheep eat it. VI'OLA paluftris. Without a Hem. Leaves kid- marjk ney-fhaped.— Curt. iii. 36. — FI. dan. 73. — H. ox. v. 35. row 2. /. 1, cop. in Pet. 37. 5, and Allion 2. 2, according to Haller. Fruit-Jlalks cylindrical, or only a little Hatted on one fide. The upper petal marked with black lines extended quite to the top. Linn. — Produces ripe feeds without perfect blojfoms. Curt. — Leaves obtufely fcolloped, fmooth, thin, veined, pale green above, of- ten purplifh underneath. Leaf-Jlalks long. Fruit-Jlalks longer than the leaf-ftalks. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, a pair beneath the flower. Empalement fmooth; learn bluntly fpear-fhaped. Blojfoms , pale purple, with dark purple veins; the fmalleft of our fpecies. Shaft crooked at the bafe, thickening upwards. Summit blunt, and fomewhat hooked. Capfule oval, with 3 imperfect angles. Mr. * Jirunsf. 137. 3. Mr. Woodward. 3Q3 Woodward,.— 954 Syngenefia Polygamia Monogamia. Woodward. — Root, orratheryira, creeping, terminated by the next year’s bud. Leaf-fcales egg-fhaped, finely ferrated, oppofite, prelTed to, reddifh. Leaves fometimes heart-fhaped, quite fmooth, (lightly fcolloped. Fruit-ftalks folitary, cylindrical, with 4 obfeure angles, gradually thickening upwards, fomewhat zigzag, longer than the leaves. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, 2, nearly oppofite, with an upright tooth at the bale, prefied to. St .-—Evipalement fkinny, and white at the edge. Petals, the lower of a uniform co- lour; the lateral ones with 1 (hong, and 1 faint purple line, and a clufter of fhort ftiffbriftles near the bafe; the upper with about 1 1 purple branched (beaks. Tips, the membranes orange-coloured. With. Moift meadow’s, peaty and moffy bogs. In the north, frequent. [Bogs on Birmingham Heath. With.] P. March, April. Cows eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. IS Huds. Red Jlrialed Violet of } orkjhire. Park. — Probably not different from a. Richardson in R. Jyn. Jzveet VI 'OLA odora'ta . Without a Item. Leaves heart- fhaped. Suckers creeping. Linn. — Floral-leaves above the middle of the fruit-ftalk. Curt.* Curt. i. 9. — Ludw. 175. — Wale. — FI. dan. 309. — Renealm. 141. 1. — Blackw. 55. — Sheldr. 17. — Dod. 156. r, repr.inGer. em. 850. 2. — Pel. 37. 3. — Ger. 699. 1 and 2. — Lob. ic. i. 608. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 850. 1, and cop. in Pet. 37. 1. — Matth. n8o. — Lonic „ i. 180. 1. — Trag. 558. 1 and 2. — Fuckf. 31 1, cop. in J. B. iii. 542. — (Park. par. 285. 1, and Garf. 62 2, feern rather to be V. canina. ) Root creeping, thread-like. Leaves rounded, nearly naked, downy underneath. Fruit-ftalks from the root, not channelled above the floral-leaves. The horned petal nicked. Linn. — Leaf-Jlalks nearly fmooth. Fruit-ftalks channelled on the upper fide above the floral- leaves. Flowers both with and without petals, all producing per- fect feed. Curt. — Leaves more deeply fcolloped than thofe of V. hirla. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, in pairs. Empalement fmooth; leaves oval. Blojom rich blue-purple, fmelling very fweet. Capfule like that of V. hirta. Mr. Woodvv. — Leaves kidney-heart-fbaped, (lightly hairy either on one or both fides. Blojfom W'ith fometimes a double honey-cup. Threads, the appendages of the 2 knver, ftrap-fhaped, * This obfervation to be made when the flowers are fully expanded, as the part of the fruit-ftalk above the floral-leaves grows confiderably longer before the blofloms are faded ; Curt. — for which reafon depending upon it us a mark of fpecific diftiuftion may miflead. Mr. Woodward. St. TIPS UNITED, FLOWERS SIMPLE. flrap-fhaped, coming out from near the bafe at right angles. Flowers of the second crop. Petals in all that I examined; the 2 upper oblong, upright, fhorter than the empalement; the 2 lateral ones oblong, fomewhat longer than the 2 upper, but flill fhorter than the empalement; the lowermojl as long as the empale- ment, broader than the 2 upper, lopped, imperfectly nicked. Honey-cup as in the firft crop. Chives elevated along with the feed- bud as it increafes in fize. The obfervations made in October, 1783, and earlier in the year 1784. St. — Chives, 3 of them fixed to the 3 lower-leaves of the empalement; the other 2 to the feed- bud, and have each flattifh green appendages. With. Warm hedges and ditch banks, and in moift warm lanes; par- ticularly in clay or marie. P. March, April. The flowers and feeds are faid to be mild laxatives. The pow- dered root, in dofes from 40 to 80 grains, vomits and purges* The petals give the colour to the fyrup of Violets, for which pur- pofe they are cultivated in large quantity at Stratford-upon-Avon. This fyrup is very ufeful in many chemical enquiries, to detedl an acid or an alkali, the former changing the blue colour to a red, and the latter to a green. Slips of white paper, flained with the juice of the petals, and kept from the air and the light, anfwer the fam94. Or'chis. .... Honey-cup like a little horn. 5095. Satyr'ium Honey-rup fhaped like a double purfe. '1096. O'phrys Elaney-cup fomcwhat keel-fhaped, 3^- 1097. Sera'pias. 965 g66 G Y N A N D R I A. * 1 1097. Sera'pias Honey-cup egg-fhaped, bellying on the under fide. 1 100. Cypripe'dium. Honey-cup diftended and bladder- fhaped. Order IV. T ET R A N D R I A; IV. CHIVES. f Ophrj's Corallorhiza. (St.) \ Order V . 1 HEXANDRIA; VI. CHIVES 1 1 ii. Aristoloch'ia. Pointals 6. Cup o. 1 petal Capfule 6 cells. Order VIII. POLYANDRIA; MANY CHIVES 1 1 19. A'rum Inafheath. Cupo. Blofs. o. Chive above the pointals. 1123. Zoste'ra In a leaf; Cup o. Blofs. o. Seec alternate, naked. + Evonymus europoeus. Ordc CHIVES on the POINTAL, II. CHIVES. Order I. D I A N D R I A; II. CHIVES . 1094. OR'CHIS. Empal. Sheaths i battered. Fruit-Jlalk fimple. Cup none. r Bloss. Petals 5; outer ones 3; inner ones 2 ; approaching- upwards io as to form a helmet. 0 Honey-cup 1 leaf, fixed by the lower fide to the receptacle between the divifion of the petals. JJ fitter Lip upright; verylhort. Lower Lip large ; expand- ing , broad. Tube ftandrng behind, fhaped like a horn ; hanging a little down. r Chives. Threads 2 ; veryflender and very fhort ; fixed on the pointal. Tips inverfely egg-fhaped ; upright - sj b/caer °f ^ ii? of the Vovst. Seed-bud beneath ; oblong; twilled. Shaft fixed to the upper lip of the honey-cup; verylhort. Sum- nut comprefled ; blunt. 1 S. Vess. Capfule oblong; with 1 cell; 3 keels ; a valves* opening in 3 places under- the keels ; connected at the bale and at the end. Seeds numerous; very fmall ; like faw-duft. Ess. Char. Honey-cup horn-Jhaped , behind the flower. * Bulbs of (he root undivided. O R'C H I S bifo'lia. Bulbs undivided. Lip of the1 honey-cup lpear-fhaped ; very entire. Horn very Ion a. Petals expanding. — & Ludw g 5.— Hall. 35. 2, at ii. p. 148 .—Walc.—Vaill. 30. 7.— Dad. 237. 2, repr . in Lob. obf. 88. 2, ic. i. 178. r, Ger. em. 2ii.2, and cop. in Park. 1351. 7, and imitated in Pet. 68. u._! Ger. 1C5. g.—H.ox. xu. 12. 18.-7. B. ii. 771 .—Matth. 880. 2.— FI. dan. 235, the Up 0f the honey-cup oblong-eer- fhaped, cop. in Blackw. 588. 6 6&J i t flower white, of a very fwect fcent in the night. Petals, the euter expanding. Lip fpear-lhaped, very entire. Spur awl-fhaped, 3^2 Linn. GYNANDRIA diandria. Fivs.-Root oblique, conical. Stem defeply and obliquely fur- rowed. Root-leaves 2, large, broad-fpear-lhaped, fhining, ribbed. Floral-leaves fpear-lhaped, green, flat, longer than the feed-buds. Flowers 20, loofely difpofed. Horn pointed. Lip Ample, ftrap-lhaped, green . Shield of the helmet triangular, flat, the lateral fegments very narrow. Seed-bud fhorter than the horn. Relhan.— -flalfo egg- Ihaped, tapering to a point at the bafe. Stem 12 to 18 inches ig , angular, ftnooth. Root-leaves ufually 2, oval, blunt, tapering into leaf-ftalks, pale green, filvery underneath, with numerous parab lei ribs ; fiem-leaves 3 or 4, fpear-lhaped, fitting, the lowermoft the longeft. Spike long, loofe, with many flowers. Floral-leaves fpear-lhaped, pointed, like the fiem-leaves; much longer than the feed-bud. Petals white, with a tinge of green ; the 3 outer large, the middle one heart-lbaped, blunt, covering the hood, the lateral ones fpear-lhaped, longer and narrower, expanding, lome- what bent back* forming obtufe angles with the middle one ; tne , inner ftrap-fpear-lhaped, fmail, bowed in', their points nearly touching, though their bafes diftant; upper lip very open; lower hp ftrap-lhaped, nearly as longas the feed-bud, fomewhat convex abo ve, concave underneath, green towards the end, whitilh upwards ; horn almoft as long again as the feed-bud, curved {lender, whit.flr upwards, towards the end broadeft, green and fomewhat flatted. Chives bright yellow ; their cafes diftant. Tips ftraw-coloured, elafiic, as in almoft all the Orchifes. Mr. Woodwasd. -Bulbs oblong, whitilh, the new one folid, the old one nearly empty, both tapering into a cylindrical, flefhy, fomewhat zigzag fibre; fimilar fibres at the crown of the bulbs. Stem upright; angles ge- nerally 8, unequal, the bafe furrounded with leafy feales. Root- leaves fometimes egg-fpear-lhaped, and fpear-lhaped, upright lines numerous ; Jlem-leaves open, moftly alternate, diftant, ha embracing the Hera. Spike nearly cylindrical, thrice as Ihort as the ftem. Flowers open, fcattered. Floral-leaves horizontal. Empal. of 1 leaf, falver-lhaped ; tube wreathed, inclofing the feed-bud , border white, with 3 divifions, the upper fegment heart-lhaped, upright, the 2 lateral ones fpear-lhaped, horizontal. Blojjcm or -t petal, with 4 divifions; fegments unequal, fieftry; the 3 upper ap- proaching; the uppermejt fomewhat egg-fhaped, blunt, concave, the lides bearing the tips; the lateral ones ftrap-lhaped, Ihorter, ap- proaching upwards; the Lowermojl ftrap-lhaped, Ihorter than the feed-bud, hanging down, fomewhat bent in, throwing out a honey- cup from its bafe. Honey-cup thread -lhafed, fomewhat angular, thicker towards the bafe, greenifh, longer than the feed- u , horizontal, borved upwards, containing at the bafe a ueeti honey-like juice. Chives involved in the lides of the upper fegmem CHIVES on the POINTAL, II. CHIVES. 969 of the bloffom. Threads thread-like below, yellow, elaftic, above club-fhaped, cloven, compofed of elaftic threads. Tips exceedingly minute, ftrap-fhaped, poffibly cylindrical, fitting, from the fides of the threads, yellovvifh. Seed-bud round, nearly upright, taper- ing each way, fcored. Summit concave, glutinous. Poffibly the real fummit may be a ftrap-fhaped portion of the. inner fide of the upper fegment of the bloffom. St. — Bulbs, one nearly globular, the other pear-fhaped. Root-leaves fometimes 3; Jlem-leaves much fmaller. Floral-leaves as long as the feed-bud. Blojfom of a fcent fomewhat refembling that of the NarcifTus; upper lip fpear-fhaped. Honey-cup, upper lip confifting of 2 fpear-fhaped approaching petals ; horn cylindrical. Tips greenifh. Summits 2, very final!, orange- coloured. With. Thickets and woods. Ray, St. P. May. 7 Linn. — Lob. obj. 89.* 1 , repr.inic. i. 178. 2, Ger. em. 21 1. 1, and cop. in Park. 1350. 3, and imitated in Ger. 162. 1, J. B. ii. 772. 1, and Pet. 68. 12.— (Cluj. i. 207, is a diflintt Jpecies.) Differs from a. in being lower, about 9 inches high, root-leaves 3, and narrower; and in its flowering about a month later. R. fyn. ' Hermaphroditica fecunda Cor. Gemmce, five Orchis fphecodes diphylla. Lob. ic. i. 178. (St.) Meadows and paftures. P. June. Ray. [Not uncommon. Mr. Wo odward.] OR'CHIS pyramida'Iis. Bulbs undivided. Lip of pyramidal the hpney-cup with 2 horns; cloven into 3 fegments ; equal; very entire. Horn long. Petals fomewhat Ipear- fhaped. — 1 Ray 18, atp. 377.— Hall. 35. 1, at ii. p. 148. f —Pet. 68. 4.— . J. B. ii. 764. 1. — Vaill. 31. a flower. — Cluj. i. 269. i,| repr. in Ger. em. 210. 4, and cop. in Park. 1349. 4. Stem a hand’s breadth high, jointed. Leaves 5 or 6, fpear-fhaped, pointed, membranaceous. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, coloured, as long as the feed-bud. Flowers purple, and white have been obferved by Mappi. Petals egg-fpear-fhaped, 3 approaching, the 2 lateral ones expanding, bent back. Lip broad, with 2 oblong longitudinal hunches at the bafe. Linn. — Stem one to one and a t The fpike fo far advanced as to have no longer its pyramidal fliape. Mr. Woodward. + Reprefenting it as it appears when going out of flower. Dill, in R. Si it. St. 3 R 3 half % GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. half foot high, fomewhat angular, nearly cloathed with leaves. Flowers to 80. Spike fhort, clofe, pyramidal. Floral-leaves fome- what longer than the feed-bud. Horn pointed, longer than the feed-bud. Relhan. — Bulbs oval. Stem 8 to 15 inches high, angular. Leaves fpear-fhaped, much pointed, pale green, with numerous parallel veins irregularly reticulated with crois ones, the lower and middle fheathing the ftem, the upper fitting. Spike conical, blunt. Floral-leaves membranaceous, fpear-lhaped, much pointed, purple, longer than the feed-bud. Petals oval- fpear-fhaped, the middlemoft of the outer and the 2 rhner approaching, the 2 lateral outer ones expanding. Lip of the honey-cup, fegments fhort, nearly equal, not fpotted; [pur turned to the fpike-ftalk. Mr. Woodward. — Stem not jointed, of a filky gloff;nefs. Leaves ftrap-fpear-fhaped, fomewhat keeled, with a filky glbflinefs, the uppermoft fomewhat coloured. Flowers whitifh purple. Floral-leaves fpear-awl-fhaped, fomewhat coloured, as long as the feed-bud. St. Late-fowering Orchis . Meadows and paftures in a calcareous foil. P. June, July. ft St. — Flowers white. Linn. Relhan. Mr. Woodward. Chalk pit clofe. Relhan.* meadow OR'CHTS Mo'rio. Bulbs undivided. Lip of the honey-cup with 4 clefts, finely fcolloped. Horn blunt, afcending. Petals blunt, approaching, Linn. — rather, lip of the honey-cup with 3 lobes, the middlemojl nicked. St. Curt. iii. 30. — Wale. — Dod. 236. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 88. 1; ic. i. 176. 2, Ger. em. 208. 2, and cop. in Park. 1347. 4, and imitated in Ger. 158. 6. — Fuchf. 559, cop. in J. B. ii. 761. 3, and Lonic. i. 202. 1. — Hall. 33. 2, at ii. p. 144. — FI. dan. 2 53. — Faill. 31. 13 and 14. * Mr. Hudfon has inferted 0. cortophora, fuppofing It to be the Orchis tarb'ata feetida minor fore albo. R. fyn. 376, but Ray does not refer to any of the names or figures cited by Linmeus as fynonyms of his 0. cortophora, and from the epithets barhata feetida, and its immediately following 0. barbata feetida, which is Satyrium hircinum of Linnaeus, it fhould feem to belong at leaft to that genus, if it be not a mere variety of that particular fpecies. Ray- mentions no place of growth, and Mr. Hudfon fays, “ I have not yet found it,” The following are good reprefentations of 0. cortophora. St. Hall. 34. 3, at ii. p. 145. — Paul, 31. 30, 31, 32 f oarers. — Lob. obf. 90. 3, repr. in 1 c. i. 177. 2, and Ger. em. 210. 3, and cop , in Park. 1349. 3. — Ger, 161, — (FI, dan. 224, is 0, conopfea.J t Flowers CHIVES on the POINTAL, II. CHIVES. Flowers purple, rather few. Petals, all blunt, marked with lines, approaching. Lip bent back, finely fcolloped at the fidcs, with 3 clefts, the middlemofi nicked. Linn. — Flowers fometimes flefh- coloured or white. Ray. Relhan. Mr. Woodward. — f ip of the honey-cup fometimes flat, fometimes undivided and only flightly nicked, the horn fometimes hunched, cylindrical, and more or lefs compreffed. Retz. — Leaves fheathing the Hem. Floral-leaves coloured, fheathing the feed-bud, as long as the feed-bud. Flowers 6 to 12, loofely difpofed. Horn very blunt, fhorter than the feed- bud. Lip of the Honey-cup very broad, the middle fegment dotted, fmaller than the fide ones. Petals with green parallel lines. Flowers fometimes pale purple. Relhan. — Leaves fea-green, fhining, not fpotted. Lip of the honey-cup with 3 lobes, nearly equal, the lateral ones bent back, and fcored with purple veins, the middle one notched, dotted towards the bafe. Differs from 0. mafcula as fol- lows. Stem lower. Spike of fewer flowers. Bulbs fmall, round, one fixed to the bafe of the flem, the other connedled by a fibre of the thicknefs of a pack-thread and half an inch long. Petals, the 3 upper forming the hood, and covering the lower ones, always fcored with 3 greenifh veins. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves, the , upper clofe to the flem. Floral-leaves coloured. Blojfom dark pur- plifh red. Petals, the 3 outer marked with 5 lines, the 2 lateral ones concave. Honey-cup, the upper lip formed of 2 concave ap- proaching petals, each marked with 2 lines; lower lip large, broad, bent back at the fides, flightly cloven into 3 fegments, the middle- mofi lopped; horn fhort, nearly horizontal. With. Female Fool-Jlones. Moiftifh meadows and paflures. P. May, June. Goats eat it. Hoifes refufe it. ' 1 OR'CHIS mafcula. Bulbs undivided. Lip of the early honey-cup divided into 4 lobes, finely fcolloped. Horn blunt. Petals on the back bent backwards. — Curt. ii.‘ 21. — Hall. 33. 1, al'u.p. 144. — Vaill. 31. 12 and it fowers. — FI. dan. 457. — Sheldr. 16. — Dod. 236. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 87. 3; ic. i. 176. 1, Ger.em. 208. 1, and cop. in Park. 134b. 1. — Wale. — Blackw. 53. — Fuchf.- 555, imitated in 7. B. ii. 763. 1. — Lonic. i. 201. 1. — Matth. 882, imitated in Ger. 158. 5. F.crwers purple. Petals, the outer rather pointed, bent back. Lip with 3 clefts, the middlemofi fegment cloven, and longer than the fide ori6s. Spur fomewhat nicked. Very clofely allied to 0. morio, but differing as follows. Stem as tall again. Flowers numerous. The 2 petals on the back bent backwards, and not all approaching 3 R 4 into 97 1 GYNANDRIA D IANDRIA. into a helmet. The middlemoft lobe of the lip the fmalleft. Linn. • — Leaves fhining, with blackilh, purple, rounded, fcattered fpots. Flowers in a loofe fpike. Floral-leaves coloured, fheathing, fhorter than the feed -buds. Horn fhorter than the feed-bud. Relhan. — Lip of the honey-cup entire, or nicked, or with 4 lobes; horn coni- cal or cylindrical. Retz. — Spike of about 6 flowers, thinly fet. Petals marked with green. Mr. Dickenson. — Bulbs oval, both fixed to the bafe of the ftem. Stem cylindrical, fmooth, r2 to 15 inches high. Leave s fpear-fhaped, alternate, fheathing the ftem, the lower bright green and fhining above, fea-green underneath, with longitudinal parallel veins, ufually with large brown, fpots; the upper clofely fheathing the ftem, pale green. Floral-leaves fpear- fhaped,. membranaceous, pale purple, longer than the feed-bud. Flowers of a darker or paler purple, rarely white. Petals fpear-fhaped, pointed, the 2 lateral ones upright, and bent back to back, the middle one expanding and lying over the 2 lower ones, which are clofely approaching, and of a paler colour. Lip of the honey-cup dotted towards the bnfe, broad, with 3 lobes, the fide ones round- ifh-fcolloped, the middle one notched at the end. Horn as long as the feed-bud, broadeft and fomewhat compreffed at the end. Cafes of the Chives dole together, dark purple. Tips grecniih. Mr. Woodward. Male Fool-Jlones. — Meadows and paftures. P. May. Mr. Moult, inaletter to Dr. Peroival, infertedin the Phil. Tranf. vol. 59. p. 1, deferibes his method of making Salep. The beft time to gather the roots, he obferves, is when the feed is formed, and the ftalk going to fall; for then the new bulb, of which Salep is made, is arrived at its full fize. The new roots being feparated from the ftalk, are to be wafhed in water, and the outer thin (kin taken off. They are then to be fet on a tin plate, in an oven heated to the degree of a bread-oven. In fix, eight, or ten minutes they will have acquired a tranfparcncy like horn, without being diminifhed in fize. They are then to be removed into another room to dry and harden, which will be done in a few days : or they may be finifhed in a very flow heat in a few hours. — Salep thus prepared, may be fold for lefs than a fhilling a pound, and affords a mild nutriment, which, in times offcarcity, in cafes of Dyfentery and Strangury, and on fhip-board, may be extremely ufeful. See Per- cival's EJfays, part ii. p. 37. — Mr. Moult made his experiments upon the roots of this fpecies only. The preceding fpecies is un- doubtedly equally proper for the purpofe, and it is highly probable that every fpecies of Orchis may be ufed indifcriminately. Salep has been hitherto imported from Turkey at a confiderable price, but it is to be hoped, we fhall no longer be ftipplied from foreign markets, CHIVES on the POINT AL, II. CHIVES. markets, with an article that our own country can fupply us with in almoft any quantity. If ever plantations of it are made, the plants muft be propagated by roots, for the feeds feldom come to perfection. Dr. PercivaL obferves, that he got fome feeds to all appearance perfect, but yet they would not vegetate. See obfervalions on the Clafs. OR'CHIS ufiula'ta. Bulbs undivided. Lip of the dwarf honey-cup with 4 clefts,* rough with dots. Horn blunt. Petals diftinct. — • Hall. 28. 2, at ii.p. 140, the feparate figures of the fioivers good. — FI. dan. 103, f the little point between the lobes of the middle fegment of the lip not reprefented. — Vaill. 31. 35 and 36, fioivers. — -Cluj. i. 268. 1, cop. Ger. em. 207, and cop. in Park. 1345. — Jf' M. ii. 765. 2. — H. ox. xii. 12. 20, fegments of the lip too broad. Spike whitilh red, purplifh at the end. Petals diftinct, approach- ing. Lip with 3 clefts, the middle fegment lengthened out with 2 lobes; dotted with rough dots. Spur fhort, bluntifh. Linn. — Stem (not fcapusj angular. Spike clofe. Flowers to 40. Horal- leaves as long as the feed-buds. Petals without purplifh, within greenifh white. Lip hanging down. Horns much fhorter than the feed-bud. Relhan. — Bulbs oval. Stem 4 to 6 inches high, almoft covered by the upper leaves. Leaves 5 or 6, bluntly fpear- fhaped, bright green above, whitifh green below, fhining, with numerous longitudinal veins. Spike fhorU Floral-leaves fpear- fhaped, about two thirds of the length of the feed-bud, membra- naceous, faint purple, the keel dark. Petals, the 3 outer oval- fpear-fhaped, taper-pointed, purple without, greenifh white within, the 2 inner fpear-fhaped, narrow. Lip white, with pur- ple or purplifh fpots, with 3 divifions, the 2 outer fegments ex- panding, fpear-fhaped, entire, with 1 or 2 teeth, the middle one longer, widening at the end, with 2 fhort lobes and an intermedi- ate point. Horn very fhort, {lightly curved, half as long as the feed-bud. Chives very fhort. Tips pale yellow. Cafes of the chives greenifh white, clofe. Mr. Woodward. / v , Dryifh meadows and paftures. [Gogmagog Hills, Newmarket Heath, and Barneck Heath near Stamford. Mr. Woodward.] • P. May, June. * The lip in this refped alike in 0. mi'itari: and ujlu'ata, and the middle fegment may be defcribed either as cloven at the end into 3, or cloven into 2, with a fmaller fegment between them. St. f As tall again as any plant I have ever feen. Mr. Woodward. OR'CHIS 973 974 GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. I man OR'CHIS milita'ris. Bulbs undivided. Lip of the honey-cup with 5 clefts, rough with dots. Horn blunt. Petals confluent. — Hall. 28. 1, at ii. p. 140. — Ger. em. 205. 2, ccrp. in park. 1344. 4 —Fuchf. 554, cop. in J. B. ii. 7$(>.—Trag. 778. Flowers in a fpike, purplilh Hefh-coloured.* petals growing to- gether. Lip cloven into 3; the middle fegment lengthened out, with rough dots. Spur fhort, bluntifh. Linn, — Bulbs fomewhat oval. Stem about a foot high, cylindrical, fmooth. Leaves about 4, fheathing the ftem, acutely fpear-fhaped, the lower expanding, 1 or 2 of the upper ones clofely embracing the ftem, bright green, with numerous parallel veins. Spike 1 to 2 inches long. Flowers numerous. Floral-leaves very fhort, membranaceous, oval, pointed, terminated with an awn. Petals greyifh white, with purple lines, approaching; the 3 outer large and broad, oval-fpear-fhaped, pointed, the 2 inner awl-ftrap-fhaped. Lip purplifh or white, with purple dots, divided into 3 fegments; the 2 outer near the bafe, ftrap-fhaped, hdlf as long as the middle one; the middlemojl long and narrow, (lightly cloven into 3 at the end, the outer fegments broader, rounded, [lightly ferrated, the middle one appearing like a thorn. Horn half as long as the feed-bud. Pips yellow. Cafes of the chives not united. Specimen from the Continent and believed to be variety y Linn, but differs I apprehend very little from a. Mr. Woodward. Meadows and paftures in a chalky foil. Cawfham Hills by the Thames (ides not far from Reading, Berkfhire, and near the old chalk-pit by the paper mill at Harefield. P. May. /3 Linn. Lip of the honey-cup bearded, with 5 lobes, the lateral ones blunt, finely fcolloped, the middle one very (hort, pointed. Hudsi Hall.' 31, at ii. p. 140. — Ray 19. c, at p. 379, I have not feen it. 0. purpurea. Huds. ed. I. Curt. cat. n. 13 1, who is ftill of opinion that it is a diftineft fpecies. St. Woods and thickets near Northfleet, Kent. P. May. 5 Linn. — Lower lobes of the lip longer and narrower. Mr. Woodward. Vaill. 31. 25 and 2C. — Col. eephr. i. 320. 2. I have feen a native fpecimen. Mr. Woodward. Orchis fore fimiam referens. Bauh. pin. 82. — 0. Z.oophora cercopithe- cum exprimens oreades. Col. eephr. i. 319. Mr. Woodward. * Purpureo canefcentes inant. ct fyft. plant, but I apprehend Linna-us mull have written p'irpitreo carnefcenlcs, as above tranflated. St. * * ' Bulbs CHIVES on the POINTAL, II. CHIVES. i * * Bulbs hand-Jhaped. OR'CHIS latifo'lia. Bulbs fomewhat hand-fhaped, ftraight. Horn of the honey-cup conical. Lip with 3 lobes; the lateral ones bent back. Floral-leaves longer than the flowers. — a. Linn. — Middle fegment of the lip of the honey-cup blunt, as narrow again as the lide ones, but of the fame length. St. Mill. illuftr.—Fl. dan. 2G6. — Vaiil. 31.3, 5, 4. — Hall. 32. 2, af ii. 142. — Dod. 240. 1, repr. in Lob.obj. 90.* 3; ic. i. 188. 1, Ger. em. 220. 1, and cop. in Park. 1356. 1, Ger. 169. 1, and J. B. ii. 774. 1. — Blackw. 405. — H. ox. xii. 14. 2. — (H. ox. xii. 14. row 3. 1, is a different plant.) Bulbs flraight, not much ftraddling, divided into 2 or 3 fingers. Leaves, efpecially the lower, a little fpotted. Flowers in a fp ike. Petals, the lateral ones bent back, thofe at the back expanding, with the hinder edges bent back. Lip folded to behind, ferrated., with 3 obfcure lobes. Differs from 0. maculata as follows. Floral-leaves longer than the flowers. Leaves nearly without: fpots. Stem hollow. Linn. — Stem furrowed. Leaves fpear-fhaped, 4. to 6, in fome plants fpotted, the lowermofl: always pointed, as well expreffed in Haller’s figure. Floral-leaves coloured, longer than the feed-buds. Flowers purple, to 40. Spike clofe. FJorn blunt, lhorter than the feed-bud. Lip very broad, with deeper coloured lines; lateral fegments finely fcolloped, the middle one fpcar-fhaped. Relhan. — Bulbs broad, flat, divided into a few fingers fometimes running out into long fibres ftriking downwards. Several fhort thick roots fhoot out laterally above the bulbs. Stem about a foot high, fmooth, angular towards the top. Leaves alternate, fheathing the ftem to the fpike, acutely fpear-fhaped, keeled, with parallel veins, pale green, rarely fpotted, and then very obfeurely fo. Floral-leaves much longer than the flowers, refembling the uppermoft leaves, fpear-fhaped, pointed, green, fometimes with a tinge of purple.' Flowers purple, flefh-coloured, or white. Spile fomewhat conical. Petals fpear-fhaped, the middiemoft of the 3 upper and outer with the 2 inner approaching. Lip, the middle lobe the longed, narrow, fomewhat pointed, marked with dots and lines forming a regular figure, fomewhat correfponding with the form of the lip. Mr. Wo odward. — Bulbs expanding, cloven into 2, each’ fegment cloven and expanding. Stem 7 to 14 inches high, fomewhat hollow. Flowers purple, the throat whitifh, with purple dots. Spike oblong- fpear-fhaped, one to two and a half inches long. Leaves upright, fmooth, with lines on the under fide. Floral-leaves awl-fpear- ftiaped, keeled, flat, gradually fhorter upwards. S r .—Bloffom flefh- coloured or white, with beautiful crimfon ftreaks, but no fpots. 875 broad-leaved GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Male-handed Orchis. — Moift meadows and paftures, and marfhy ground. P. May, June. Cows eat it. Horfes refufe it. IS Linn. — Middle fegment of the lip of the honey-cup egg- fhaped, pointed, as long again as the fide ones. St. Vaill. 31. 2 and 1 jlowers. — Wale. — Dod. 241, repr. in Lob. obf. gi.*3; ic. i. igo. 1, Ger. em. 222.3, and cop. in Park. 1358. 11, and Ger. 171. 3. — Lob. obf. 93. 1, repr. in ic. j. igi. 2, Ger. em. 226. 1, and cop. in Park. 1360. 16, and imitated in Ger. 174. 2. Lip of the honey-cup, lateral fegments blunt. Thefe variations I have obferved in different plants, but Vaillant informs us that they are fometimes found in the fame plant. St. [In the fame moift meadows with a, between Battenhall and Worcefter. St.] O R ' C H I S macula' ta. Bulbs hand-fhaped, expanding. Horn of the honey-cup fhorter than the feed-bud ; lip flat. Petals on the back upright. — Hall. 32. 1, at ii. p. 142. — Vaill. 31. g and 10, jlowers. — Lonic. 1. 203. 2. — Dod. 240. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. go.* 4; ic. i. 188. 2, Ger. em. 220. 2, and cop. in Park. 1357. 3. — 'drag. 781. — Ger. i6g. 2. — J. B. ii. 775. 2. — Lob. obf. 91.* 1, repr. in ic. i. i8g. 1, Ger. em. 222. 1. — H. ox. xii. 14. row 2. 5. One of the bulbs floats in water and nourifhes the ftem, the other finks in water and bears the bud for the next year. Stem folid. Leaves fpotted. Floral-leaves not longer than the flowers. Flowers fometimes white. Petals, the 3 outer upright, the 2 inner ap- proaching. Lip with 3 lobes, fcolloped, the middle fegment quite entire, very narrow. Linn. — Leaves rather hoary, with oblong, tranfverfe, darkifh fpots. - Spikes clofe, conical. Flowers to 40, pale purple, with deeper lines. Floral-leaves coloured, longer than the feed-buds. Plorn blunt, as long as the feed-bud. Lip broad, the middle fegment undivided, pointed, fmaller. Relhan. — Bulbs comprefied; fingers much ftraddling. Stem 6 to 18 inches high, cylindrical below, angular above. Leaves under- neath fll very grey, with parallel green veins, above pale green, often partially covered with the fame {livery fkin; fpots reddifh brown, numerous, moftly oval and tranfverfe, fometimes irre- gular, the lower embracing the ftem; the loweft fhort, broad and blunt; the next above confiderably longer, bluntly fpear-fhaped, thofe above more pointed; the upper very narrow, fitting, the edges running down the ftem, whence the angular appearance of the upper part of the ftem in this and feveral other fpecies. Flowers ufually 3HIVES on the POINTAL, II. CHIVES. 977 Ifually' pale purple, fometimes nearly white and without fpots, ,hen the leaves alfo are pale and without lpots. Floral-leaves fpear- naped, pointed, much longer than the feed-bud, purplifh if the pper part of the ftem be fo, green if that be green. Petals fpear- -iaped, the 3 outer expanding, lometimes fpotted. Lip deeply lloven into 3, marked with purple fpots and lines; the lateral feg- ^ents angular, the middle one fpear-lhaped. Horn bluntifh, fcorter than the feed-bud. Chives very fhort.. Tips green. Cafes i f the chives clofe together, dark purple. Differs from 0. latjfoha in the lowermoft leaf being always very blunt, the lip being deeply nloven into 3, and in its flowering later. Mr. Wood vr.-Bulbs -loven, each of the fegments terminating in a thick fiefhy fibre. Item fometimes 2 feet high, nearly upright. Leaves, the lower pear-inverfely egg-lhaped. Floral-leaves , the lower longer than he flowers, the upper fhorter. Biffs, tube involving the feed-bud, irreen ; fegments white or purplifh, and marked* 1 with purple lines, :hofe of the back with the edges bent back. Lip flat, in the plants with white flowers with fometimes 5 lobes, from the lateral lobes oeing lobed. Palate glutinous. Is not this thefummit? Tips when •viewed in the microfcope roundilh, angular. St.— Bulbs generally cloven into 2. Blojfom more or lefs white or flefh-coloured, with beautiful purple fpots or llreaks. Honey-cup, the mouth furrounded with a fine femi-circular purple line. With. Palmala fpeciojiore thyrfo, folio maculato. R. fyn. 381. (St.) Female-handed Orchis. _ Woods, rich meadows, when the fpike is. large and a hands breadth-Jong; alfo in barren paftures, when the fpike is only half the fize, and with fewer flowers. Ray. P. June. Sheep eat it. Goats and Iiorfes refufe it. Cows are not iond 1 of it. 0 Leaves not fpotted. Anehandenny Woods, Scotland. Parsons in fi. fcot. 518. 1 if OR'CHIS conop'fea. Bulbs hand-fhaped. Horn red-handed t of the honey-cup briftle-fhaped, longer than the feed- buds. Lip cloven into 3. Two ol the petals very much expanding. — FI. dan. 224.— Hall. 29. 2, at ii. 147.— Vaill. 30. 8, and 8 flowers. — Fuchf. 7x2, cop. in J. B ii. 778. 1. — Lob. obf. 91,* 2, repr. in ic. i. 189. 2, Ger. em. 223. 2, andcop. in Park. 1358. 5, abridged in H. ox. xii. 14. 1 4 » imitated in Ger. X71. 2. f Sveet-fcented fhould be applied to 0. odoratiftma. St. Refembling i J GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Refcmbling 0. pyramidalis. Petals, the outer expanding. Lip finely fcolloped; fegments equal, the middlemoft very entire'. Spur very long, as in 0. pyramidalis. Linn.— Leaves, narrow. Floral- leaves longer than the feed-buds. Flowers purple, Heft-coloured, and fometimes white. Relhan. — Bulbs much compreffed. Stem one to one and a half foot high, fmooth, firm, cylindrical below, angular above. Leaves fpear-fhaped, pointed; the lower fheathing the Item, long, bright green, fhining, keeled, with a ffrong mid- rib, on each fide of which is one ftrong rib, and 2 or 3 fainter veins; lower Jlem-leaves embracing the Rem ; the upper fitting de- creafing in fize till they refemble the floral-leaves. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, tapering to a point, longer than the feed-bud, her- baceous. Spike long, loofe. Flowers Heft-coloured, or pale pur- ple, very fweet. Petals, the middlemoft of the outer and the 2 inner ones clofely approaching, their points bent inwards and covering the chives; the 2 outer fpear-fhaped, at right angles with the lip of the honey-cup. Lip fhort, broad; fegments roundifh, the middlemoft rather broader and longer. Spur awl-fhaped, Render, curved, femi-tranfparent, juicy, much longer than^ the feed-bud. Chives with 2 hunched Hefty prominencies at their bafe. Tips green i ft. Summit, the opening between' the chives very apparent. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves long, ftrap-fhaped, almoft doubled together lengthways. Blnjfom when minutely examined with a frofty glittering appearance. Upper lip of the honey-cup cloven. Horn crooked. Petals, the 2 lateral ones greatly expanded. With. Palmata rubella cum longis calcaribus rubellis. R. fyn. 381. (Sr.) Meadows and paftures. [In a morafs near Leeds. Mr. Wood.] ' P. June. Croats and Cows eat it. Horfes refufc it. -vejl ■% » it Bulbs bundled. OR 'CHI S abort'd vet . Roots bundled, thread-fhaped. Lip of the honey-cup egg-fhaped ; very entire. Stem without leaves. — Hall. 36, at li. p. 151.— (J. B. ii. 782. 2, from its cloven lip Jhculd rather fern to be Opdrrys Aldus avis.J Stem leaflets, fheathed with fcales. Flowers violet. Linn. — Horn conical, llightly curved, very much pointed. Mr. Woodward. Pfeudoleimodoron, Cluf. hift. 270, defer. The fig. is a re-impref- fion of Lob. ic. i. 195. 1. f For “ PJeudo-limodcrum aujlriacum, Cluf. hijt. \. p. 270,” in thcMant. ct Syft. plant, read Limodaron Aujlri- cum, Cluf. pan. and as above. St.) Purple Bird's-neft. Dryift meadows. Near Alton, Hampfh. R. fyn. P. May, June. io95.‘ SATYR'IUM. CHIVES on the POINTAL, II. CHIVES. 1095. SATYR'IUM. Satyrion. Em pal. Sheaths {c attered. Fruit-flalk fimple. Cup none. Bloss. Petals 5 ; oblong egg-fhaped; 3 on the outfide; the inner approaching above in form of a helmet. Honey-cup of 1 leaf; fixed by the lower fide to the receptacle, between the divifion of the petals. Upper Lip very (hort ; upright. Lower Lip flat ; pendant ; with a bag like a double purfe projefting behind. Chives. 'Threads 2 ; very (lender; very fhort ; fixed on the pointal. Tips inverfely egg-fnaped ; covered by a fold of the upper lip of the honey-cup forming 2 cells. Point. Seed-bud beneath ; oblong; twifted. Shaft very fhort ; fixed to the upper lip of the honey-cup. Sum- - mit comprelfed ; blunt. S. Vess. Capfule oblong; with 1 cell ; 3 keels; 3 valves; opening in 3 places under the keels ; connected at the bafe and at the end. Seeds numerous ; very fmall ; like faw-duft. Ess. Char. Honey-cup in form of a double purfe behind the flower. SATYR'IUM hirci'num. Bulbs undivided. Leaves Lizard fpear-fhaped. Lip of the honey-cup cloven into 3, the middle fegment flrap-fhaped, oblique; bitten off. — Hall. 25, alii. 136. — Vaill. 30. 6 fiowers. — Dod. 237. 1, repr. in Ger. era. 210. 1, and cop. in Park. 1348. 1, and imitated in Ger. 160. 1, and H. ox. xii. 12. g. — Lob. obf. go. i, repr. in ic. i. 177. 1, Ccr. era. 210. 2, and cop. in Park. 1348. 2, and J. B. ii. 756, and imitated in Ger. 1C0. 2. . Plant tall. Flowers whitifh, fmelling like a goat. Lip , the mid- dlcmoft fegment very long, the lateral ones very fhort, awl- Ihaped, very entire. Linn. — The largeft and talleft of our Orchifes. Ray. — Flowers greenifh white, purple within. Lizard-flower. — Chalky meadows and paftures. Several places in the neighbourhood of Dartford, Kent. Ray. P. June, July. SATYR'IUM vir'ide. Bulbs hand-fliaped. Leaves frog oblong, blunt. Lip of the honey-cup ftrap-fhaped. cloven into 3 fegments ; the middlemoft indiftin6t. — Hall. 979 / GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Hall. 26. 2, at ii. p. 137. — FI. dan. 77. — Ger. em. 224. g, cop. in Park. 1358. g. — (Vaill. 31.6, 7, and 8, is conftdered by Pollich. as a variety in which the Jowers are larger aad the fioral- leaves longer.) Flowers of a greenifh pale hue. Petals approaching. Lip, the lateral fegments narrower, the middlemofl: fmaller. Linn. — Lip yellovvifh green, fometimes brownifh purple, or foot-coloured. Ray. — Stem 6 inches high, angular, leafy. Leaves fpear-fhaped, alternate, embracing the ftem, downy. Floral-leaves longer thai: the flowers. Petals , the 3 outer egg-fhaped, the 2 inner oblong, narrower, all approaching. Lip long, the middle fegment ver) fmall. Mart. — Petals, the 2 inner fpear-fhaped. Spur very fhort Relhan. — Bulbs with few fingers. Stem about 6 inches high, cy- lindrical below, angular upwards. Leaves , the lower fheathim the ftem, oval, broad, marked with parallel veins, and an irre gular network of crofs ones, green, fmooth, but not fhining jlem-leaves fpear-fhaped, the upper fitting. Spike loofe, with few flowers. Floral-leaves refembling the upper leaves, much longe) than the flower. Petals, the 3 outer green, oval-fpear-fhaped clofely approaching, forming the hood, the 2 inner greenifh yel- low, awl-lhaped, quite hid by the outer. Lip yellowifh, ofter with a tinge of brown, particularly at the edge, widening down wards, with 3 hunched prominencies towards the bafe; fegment: at the end pointed, the middlemofl very fhort. Spur blunt, flightb nicked. Chives very fhort. Lips pale yellow, elaftic. Mr. Woodw — Root ; bulbs cloven into 2 or 4, the fingers tapering into cylindrica fibres; 2 expanding, the. old one at the bafe of the ftem, the new one above, with a bud at the end; fibres from the bafe of the ftem and crowning the point of theoldbulb, cylindrical, thick, taperim at the end, brownifh white, horizontal, twice as long as th< bulbs. Stem 5 to 1 1 inches high, folid; angles unequal, fharp formed from the edges of the leaves and flora 1-1'eaves. Leaves witl lines underneath, veins anaftamofing. Spike fpear-fhaped, 1 t( 3 inches long. Flowers green., Floral-leaves awl- fpear-fhaped keeled, expanding, fomewhat bow-ed in, green', gradually fhorte upwards. Empal. tube invefting the feed-bud; border with 3 -divi lions; fegments egg-fhaped, nearly equal, with fharp longiludina wrinkles, approaching upwards, before floweringgluedtogether and involving all the parts of frudlification, excepting the honey cup; the fide ones more convex on the outfide, bowed back fide ways at the points, the middlemofl; rather fmaller, more bent in wards. Thefe which are clearly an extenfion of the fkin inveftin; the feed-bud, inclofe as an empalement the other parts of fnuftifica tion, and are of a texture fimilarto that of the floral-leaves. Blcjfon CHIVES on the POINTAL, II. CHIVES. : of 3 petals, the 2 upper ftrap-fpear-fhaped, concave, upright, of a igreenifh vvhitifh hue, as long as the empalement, inferted at the . divisions at the bafe of the upper lip of the third petal. Thefe are .ofa different texture from the empalement as above defcribed, are ifituated within it, and exa&Iy refemble the texture of petals.' The uhird petal gaping, with 2 lips, furrounding the edge of the feed- ibud; upper lip round ifh, concave, reddifh brown, as fhort again ;as the 2 upper petals, divided withiiifinto 2 cells, each containing n of the chives, compofed of 4 valves, marked at the bafe with a iflefhy tooth ; lower lip oblong-ftrap-fhaped, bent back, fomewhat llonger than the empalement, flat, of a yellovvilh greenifli hue, the hides and end tinged with brownilh purple, the edges bent in at ithe bafe, with a longitudinal ridge running along the middle, tcloven into 3 at the end, the lateral fegments flrap-ihaped, blunt- iith, the middlemofl: very fhort, projecting underneath at the bafe •into a honey -cup. I conlider this as a petal, from its fimilarity to (that of the Fumaria, and the whole clafs of Perjonalce , which it ■exactly refembles. Honey-cup roundilh, flightly furrowed along *the middle, concave, hanging down from the bafe of the lower dip of the bioiTom. In Funaria and the Perjonalce, the honey-cup, ias here, is an expanfion of the petal, containing a honey-like juice. Chives 2, club-fhaped, upright, of a yellowifli white hue, involved by the valves of the upper lip of the blofTom, at the bafe :of which they are inferted. Threads cylindrical, yellow, fomewhat :tran!parent, globular at the bafe, above becoming thicker, and :compofed of elaftic hair-like fibres. Tips wedge-fhaped or tri- angular, flat, finely Lolloped at the edge, wrinkled, opaque, ifitting, fixed to the fide of the threads, to which they adhere, as |)ong as the flower continues, unchanged on being moiftened with mater, not containing any vifible dujl. Shaft none. Summit blunt, (concave, glutinous, its edge furrounded by the third petal. St. , Meadows and paftures. [June. St.] July, Aug. Goats eat it. ' • ft f if cum. Lip of the honey-cup with equal fegments. Hods. ;°n Hellfe-fellnap near Kendal. P. Aug. Huds. ed. I. I^SATYR IUM aibidum . Bulbs bundled. Leaves white ipear-fhaped. Lip of the honey-cup cloven into q ; licgments fharp; the middlemofl blunt. I, FI. dan. 115.— Hall. 26. 1, at ii. p. 137. — Mich. 26. A. B. C. I . Lip, the middle fegment blunter. Linn. — Spike thick fet. Flowers tnuirierous. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, rather longer than the lwbudS‘ Pelalswhhs’ afl approaching. Lip green. Spur about *“,as ]ong as the feed-bud, blunt, and bowed back, but not »°1. II. 0 S j 1 , o 0 double, 9 82 GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. I double, as in the generic character. Lightf. Mr. Woodw, — Indeed, Haller feems fully juftified in not feparating thefe plants from the Orchis'. Stem 9 to 15 inches high. Leaves, the lower oval, fheathing the ftem. Spike long. Floral-leaves much pointed. Petals oval-fpear-fhaped. Lip fhort, the middle fegment the longeft. Mr. Woodward. Moift meadows in Wales, and about Malham, Yorkfh. R.fyn. and Llan’oerys. Mr. Davies. — Dry mountainous paftures in Argylefhirc and the Hebrides. Lightf. P. June, July. creeping SATYR'IUM re'pens. Bulbs fibrous. Root-leaves egg-fliaped. Flowers all pointing one way. — FI. dan. 812. — Lightf. 22, at p. 520. — Hall. 22. 3, EpipaStis at ii. p. 132. — Gunn. ii. 6. 1. — Cam. horl. 35, cop. in Ger. em. 227. 4, Ger. 175. 4, Park. 1355. 8, and J. B. ii. 770. 2. Foot creeping. Leaves on leaf- da Iks, with a net-work of brown veins, petals 3, downy, glued together. Lip fpear-fhaped, or evg-oblong. In place of a fpttr a boat-fhaped keel. Linn. — Roots cylindrical, annular, branched, throwing out (hoots. Sim a foot high, hairy, efpecially towards the top. Leaves near the bafe of the ftem, with 5 to 7 ribs. Leaf-Jlalks broad, leafy. Flowers whitifh or ftraw-coloured, 15 to 20, from one fide of the fruit-ftalk turn- ing round and looking to the other. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, longer than the feed-bud, of the fame colour with the fiorvers. Lip terminated behind in a hunched boat-fhaped honey-cup, which makes it belong more'properly to the genus 5er^w-s*F. 3 S 4 Differs •V GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Differs from a. as follows. Much fmaller. Leaves fometimes 3, greener and fmooth. Spike nearly of the fame form and colour but much fmaller. Roots creeping. Park. Ray. — Much fmaller in every refpedt. Leaves oval, pointed. Mr. Woodward. Bifolium palujlre, Park. 505. R. fyn. 385. (Mr. Woodw. St.) Low wet grounds between Hatfield and St. Alban’s, and divers places in Romney Marfh. Park. — Boggy and fenny grounds near Gamlingay, Cambridgefhire. Hurfl: Hill and Tunbridge Wells. R. fyn.- — [JVJarfh'y ground. Mr. Woodward.] leajl O'PHRYS corda'ta. Bulb fibrous. Stem with 2 leaves. Leaves beart-fbaped. — - Hall. 22. 2, Ophrys, &c. at ii. 132—7./?. iii. 534. 2, cop. in Pet. 70. 11. — H. ox. xii. 11. row 1. 4. — Gunn. ii. 3. 6 is want- ing in our copy. Leaves uppofite. Lip cloven, with a tooth on each fide of the baf?, which is not the cafe in 0. ovata. Linn. — Root, fibres not bundled. Stem 6 to 9 inches high. Leaves above the middle of the Bern, heart-triangular, terminated by a fmall projecting point. Spike fhort, with few Bowers. Floral-leaves minute, oval fpear- . fhaped, as long as the fruit-ftalks. Petals expanding, green, the I 3 outer oval fpear-fhaped, the 2 inner fpear-fhaped. Lip flrap- fhaped, green, purplifh at the bale, divided below the middle; fegments awl- fhaped. Mr. Woodward. Moift mountainous heaths, efpecially in boggy ground, in Yorkfhire, Lar.cafhire, and Weftmoreland. [On Ingleborough, and on the high moor between Sheffield and Chatfworth. Dr. Smith.] P. June, July. * * Bulbs round. rhearf O'PHRYS Loefe'lii. Bulb roundifh. Stalk naked, . 3-cornered. Lip of the honey-cup egg-fhaped. Linn. — Bulb egg-fhaped. Stalk angular. Petals ftrap-fhaped. Lip roundifh, entire. Huds.* * Comprehending 0. lilifolia and 0. Losfelit as varieties of one fpecies. The rcafons for this opinion remain to be atfigned. St. — It feems to be very clear that 0. lilifolia has never been found in this country. The plant figured by Ehret, as above, is deferibed by him as a native of Virginia. St. — The plant of Ray fyn. is undoubtedly O. Loefelii, Mr. Woodward. CHIVES on the POINT AL, II. CHIVES. FI. dan. 877, a very good figure , and much refembles a drawing Mr. Pitchford had taken of his fpecimen , when he firjl found it, except that it is larger. In this drawing the 2 lower petals are wreathed in fame of the fiowers, as in the figure of the FI. dan. but Mr. Pitchford cannot recoiled! whether they had that appearance in the recent plant. Bulb very exact, as is the oblong-wedge-! hoped entire, lip, without any terminating point , in which it differs from 0. lilifo- lia as figured by Ehret in the Fhil. tranf. 1763. t. 4, at p. 81. (Mr. Woodward.)— Lob. adv. alt. 506. 1, cop. in J. B. ii. 770. 1. — ( Pod. 242. 2, the root of which is copied in Park. 504. 2. a, agrees with 0. Loefelii in the roots, but the lip of the honey- cup is cloven.) Root a bulb, afcending, with a branch. Leaves fpear-fhaped, 2, nearly as long as the Italic. Stalk 3-fquare above. Flowers 5 to 8, and not more. Petals narrow, bent back. Lip egg-fhaped, large with refpect to the reft. Linn.— Root bulbous, coated, the bulb egg-fhaped, and throwing out roots from below. Stalk 6 inches high, upright, with from 3 to 5 angles, fmooth. Root-leaves very entire, bare. Flowers in a bunch, yellowifh green, 4 to 6 or 7. Petals, tne 3 outer flrap-fhaped, bent back, green, the 2 inner on the fides thread-fhaped, fomewhat purplifh. Lip very entire, fome- •what purplifh. Capfule upright, oblong, angular. , See* numer- ous, fmall. Hu ds. — Leaves fpear-fhaped, without ribs; thofe of 0. lilifolia, as figured by Ehret, are ribbed, and much referable thofe of Flantago major. Mr. Woodward. Orchis lilifolius minor fabuletorum Zelandiw et Batavia; , Lob. adv. alt. 5°5> J’ L. II. 770, defer. (Mr. \V oodward. St.) but the fig. in J. B. is that of Satyrium repens. (S r.)— 0. lilifolia Loefelii f) Huds. • [St. Faitli s-Newton bogs near Norwich; afingle fpecimen given to Mr. Lightfoot. Mr. Pitchkorj.— None fince found cither in Norfolk or Suffolk; but, in 1785, I faw a fpecimen from Mr. Sole, which was found near Bath. Mr. Woodw.] P. June, July. O'PHRYS paludofa. Bulb roundifh. Stalk nearly marjk naked; with 5 edges. Leaves rough at the end. Lip of the honey-cup entire. Linn. Mr. Woodward. — Bulb fibrous. Stem angular. Leaves fheathing. Huds. Rofe 2. 3 • fPluk. 247. 2, is referred to by Linnaeus and Hudfon, and yet the lip of the honey-cup is cloven at the end;* cop. in Pet. 70. 12, | * And Mr. Woodward.— The leaves too are much too long, and fpear- ftaped, agreeing rather with thofe of 0. Loefelii, whereas in 0. patudofi they are very blunt. Mr. Woodward. 990 GYNANDRI'A DIANDiUA. 70. 12, with the addition of another Jmaller plant. Tkefe feem to be 0. ovata ft.) Bulbs egg-fhaped, bowed in, throwing out roots below, coher- ing downwards as a chain, with a fmall branch between them. Stalk 5- cornered, naked for the greater part of its length. Root- leaves $ or 4., fpatula-fhaped, alternate towards the end, efpeci- ally on the upper l’urface, rough, the outer fhcrter.* Bunch with numerous flowers. Flowers green, yellowifn. Petals, the 2 lateral ones egg-oblong, bent back, or upright ; the 2 inner lateral ones ftrap- fliaped, bowed back; the uppcvmoft ftraight, forming the vault over the chives. Lip of the honey-cup f pear-egg-fhaped, bent back, entire. Differs from 0. Loefelii in having many flowers, and the lip narrow, and from 0. monophyllos in the leaves not being egg- fhaped, in being rough at the end, and the fruit-ftalks not being hair-like. Linn. — Leaves 2 or 3 from the root, and near the bafe of the Hern half an inch long. Stem 3 to 4 inches high. Spike hall as long as the flem. Flowers fcattered. Floral-leaves fpear-lhaped, fhorter than the fruit-ftalks. Mr. Woodward. ('Bifolium palujlre, R. fyn. 385 cannot be 0. paludofa, as tins left does not at all refemble 0. ovata, nor has itcreeping roots. It fhculd feem to be O. ovata /j.) Mr. Woodward. St. Near Norwich. Mr. Pitchford. — The other places of growth copied in the FI. angl. from R. fyn. fhould feem rather to belong to 0. ovata fj. St.' — [Felthorpe Heath, Norfolk. Mr. C. Bryant andMr. Crowe. — Cawfton Heath, near Norwich. Mr. Crowe.] P. June, July. mujk O'PHRYS Monor'chis. Bulb globular. Stalk naked. Lip of the honey-cup cloven into 3 fegments ; crofs- fhapecl. — J. B. ii. 768. 3. — FI. dan. 102. — -Hall. 22. 4, Monorchis, at ii. p. 132. — Mich. 26. 3. — Gmel. i. 4. 1. — Rupp. 2. 5, Monorchis , at p. 238. Root folitary. Lip, the lateral lqbes tranfverfe. F/owen yellowifh green, fvveet. Linn .---Bulb round, or fomewhat oblong, with a few thick fibres from the crown. Stem about 6 inches high, cy- lindrical, fmooth. Root-leaves 2 or 3, fheathing the ftem, fpear- lhaped, fmooth, fhining, yellowifh green, with parallel veins; Hem-leaves 1 or. 2, awl-fhaped, fitting. Spike one or one and a half inch long, with numerous flowers. Flowers fmall, greenifh yellow, * In exteriora breviora. Sp.pl. — In exteriore brevlora, SyR.pl. — Should it II not be exteriora breviora, leaving out in? St. I « CHIVES on the POINTAL, II. CHIVES. yellow, with a faint mufky fcent. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, taper pointed, the lower equal to or fomewhat longer than the feed-bud, the upper fomewhat fhorter than the feed-bud. Seed-bud oval, fitting, tapering above into a fort of fruit-ftalk, whence the flower hangs obliquely nodding. Petals, the3 outer oval fpear-fhaped, fomewhat approaching, the 2 inner broad at the bafe, fcolloped, and fud- denly narrowing into ftrap-fpear-fhaped. Lip deeply cloVen into 3; fegments fpear-fhaped. ‘Tips ruft-coloured. Mr. Woodward. Yellow Orchis. Mujk Orchis. , Barren paftures in a calcareous foil. [Chalk pit at Marham, near Swaffham, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward. — Near Sriettifham. Mr. Crowe.] P. July. O'PHRYS anthropoph'ora. Bulbs roundifh. Stalk man (rather flem) leafy. Lip of the honey-cup ftrap-fhaped, divided into 3 fegments, the middlemofl: lengthened out, cloven. — Vaill. 31. 19 and 20 flowers. — Col. ecphr. i. 320. 1, cop. in Pet. 68.8. — Hall. 23, at ii. 1 33 — (Tl. dan. 103, a reference, copied by Hudjon, Richardjon, and Relhan, is Orchis uflulata , as corrected in the index at the end offafc. xii.) Spike oblong. Petals approaching. Linn. — Stalk fmooth, fome- what angular. Leaves fheathing. Floral-leaves fheathing, fhorter than the feed-buds. Flowers 10 to 50, of an herbaceous hue. Lip narrow, hanging down, flat, with 4 clefts, longer than the feed- bud, yellow; fegments ftrap-fhaped. Seed-buds oblong, fitting. Petals, 3 of an herbaceous hue, with purplifh borders. Relhan. — Bulbs roundifh. Stem about 1 foot high, firm, fmooth, cylin- drical at the bafe, fomewhat angular upwards. Root-leaves 4 or 5, expanding, fpear-fhaped, varying in breadth; flem-leaves , 1 or 2 juft above the former, clofely embracing the ftem. Spike long, loofe. Floral-leaves membranaceous, fpear-fhaped, finely taper- ing at the end, half as long as the feed-buds. Petals, the 3 outer oval-fpear-fhaped, greenifh, with purple lines and edges; the 2 inner ftrap-fhaped. Lip long, the 2 outer fegments ftrap-fhaped, [lender; the middlemofl as long again, cloven half way down into 2, pointed and fomewhat ftraddling, fegments. Mr. Woodward. Chalky meadows and paftures, near Northfleet, Greenhithe, and other places in Kent, [Afhwelthorpe, near Norwich. Mr. Crowe.] P. June. * Larger, more robuft, leaves more pointed, and flowers much larger *ban in my fpecimens, Mr, Woodward. 99* * O'PHRYS 1 GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. fly O'PHRYS myo'des* Jacq. — Bulbs roundifh. Stalk (rather (lem) leafy. Lip of the honey-cup with 4 clefts, Huds/St. — oblong, with 4 divifions, the 2 middle feg- ments lengthened out, fpear-lhaped. Jacq. in fyfl. veg. ed. xiv. Hall. 24. 2, at ii. 135. — Gunn. ii. 5. 1. — Vaill. 31. 17 and i3. — Wale. — Pet. G8. 10. — Dod. 238.3, repr. in Lob. obj. 91. 1, and cop. in Park. 1352. 12. — Lob. obj. go. 4, repr. in ic. i. 181. 1, Ger. em. 213. 6, and cop, in park. 1352. 10. — ( J . B. ii. 767. 3, has the lower lip cgg-fpear-Jhaped.J Petals, the 3 outer egg-fhaped, entire, fmooth, herbaceous, expanding; the 2 inner ftrap-fhaped, blackifh purple. Lip oblong, blackifh purple above, with a blue band below the upper lobes, herbaceous underneath. Hu os. — Stem fometimes two feet and a ’ quarter high. Spike with fometimes 14 flowers. Curt. obf. n. 106. — Stalk (lender, round, fmooth. Leaves fheathing. Floral- leaves fheathing, longer than the feed-bud. Flowers 8, dif- tant. Lip large, longer than the feed-bud, blackifh purple, bent back at the tides; fegments rounded. Petals, the 3 outer expand- ing, green; the 2 inner thread-fhaped, blackifh purple, refembling the feelers of an infetft. Seed-bud oblong, fitting. Relhan. — Bulbs roundith. Stem 9 to 15 inches high, firm, above naked, yellowifh green, and nearly cylindrical. Leaves 3 or 4, fpear- fhaped, pale green, fhining, with numerous longitudinal veins, the intermediate fpace covered with a thin, fomewhat puckered, pellucid fkin,- giving a filvery hue. Floral-leaves flrap-fpear-fhaped, keeled, much longer than the feed-bud, pale yellowifh green. Spike long. Flowers thinly fcattered, 41015, having much more the appearance of a fly than thofe of 0. apifera of a bee. Petals, the 3 outer yellowifh green, ftrap-fhaped, bent back at the edges, the middlemoft at right angles with the lateral ones; the 2 inner expanding, deep reddifh brown, fringed with fhort hairs, cloven atthebafe, fixed to the upper lip of the honey-cup. Honey-cup, the upper lip hooded, covering the chives; the lower with 3 lobes, ‘the fide lobes ftrap-fhajled, fhort, entire; the middlemoft fome- what oval, bent back at the edges, divided by a deep angular notch into 2 lobes, reddifh brown, with a velvety down, with a bluifli naked fpot in the centre. Chives very fhort, and loofe. Tips yellow. Mr. Woodward. — Honey-cup, the upper Up half as fhort * Where Linnaeus has given a trivial name to a variety, and fuch vari- ety afterwards flrall be proved to be a diftind fpecies, the trivial name already given it ought to be retained as its fpecific name. St. CHIVES on the POINT AL, II. CHIVES. fhort again as the outer petals, oblong, blunt; the lower oblong* nearly half as long again as the outer petals. St. Ophrys mufcifera. Huds. — 0. infeBifera my odes. Linn. Fly OrcArr.— Meadows and paftures in a calcareous foil. Cam- biidgefhire, Suffolk, and Effex. Chalk Hills near North Heet, and near Croydon and Wrootham. [Bath Hills near Bungay, and Earfham Wood, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P. May, June. 0 Larger. Linn. — (Lob. obf. gi. 3, repr.inic. i. 182. 1, Ger. em. 214. 8. — Ger. 173. 8', cop. in Pet. 6g. 1, referred to in R. fyn. and Ranh. pin. but there is a jmall tooth between the lower fegments of the lip.) Pafture near Peftingford, Suffolk, and Welling, Hertfordfhire; Greenhithe, and in the old chalk pit near the white houfe by N. Gray. R. fyn. y> I O'PHRYS apif'era. Bulbs roundifh. Stalk (rather bee jlem) leafy. Lip of the honey-cup with 5 lobes, the lobes bent in underneath. Huns. — Lip fhorter than the petals.* Mr. Woodward. Curt. i. 3. — 'Vale. — J. B. ii. 767. 1. — Hall. 24. 1. n. 5,f at ii. p. 135. — Fuchf. 560, cop. in j. B. ii. 7C6. 2. — Trag. 783. — VaiU. 30. 94 — Jy°d. 238. 1 ,repr. in Lob. obf. 91. 2; ic. i. 180. 1, Ger. em. 212. 3; cop. in Park. T3.jr* 5; and imitated in Ger ■ 166. 13, which cop. in Pet. 69. 2. — In Buxb.m. 23, if the plant, the upper lobes of the lip far too tong. — Mattk. 880. 2. — (Ger. em. 212. 3, cop. inpark. 1350. 4, is 0. aranifera.J Stem a foot high, cylindrical, between the flowers compreffed. Leaves! pear-fhaped, alternate, fheatning, downy, ribbed. Floral- leaves longer than the feed-bud, fpear-fjiaped. Petals, the 3 outer large, expanding, purplifh, with the keel and 2 ribs green; the 2 inner very fraall, hairy, bent back, green. Honey-cup, the lower lip large, broad, fhorter than the petals, brownifb purple, with a tinge of yellow, with 3 lobes, the lateral ones fmaller, hairy, bent back, triangular, tapering to a point; the middlemoft very large, downy, with 3 lobes, bent down, the middle fegment longer, tapering to a point; upper lip longer than the lower, green, nar- rowing upwards, with a point at the end. Threads long. Tips very large. Seed-bud longer than the petals, fhorter than the floral-leaves, large, * Labio petalis breviore. D. Woodward. t The whole plant, and the reft of the fmaller figures, appear to be the fame with VaiU. 30, to, 11^ 12, and 13, which is Linnaeus’s 0. tnfcflifera •rachnites. St. ± Petals too broad and fliort. Mr. Woodward, St. GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. large, deeply furrowed. Mart. — Petals, the 3 outer expanding, oblong, purplifh, with 3 green ribs; the 2 inner on the fide, ftrap- fhaped, woolly, green. Lip large, roundifh, filky, blackifh pur- ple, with a fpot at the bafe, and on each fide of it a blunt project- ing tooth; the fpot with 2 lobes, variegated with yellow, fmooth, fliining. Huds. — Stem fhorter than that of 0. myodes. Leaves and jloral-teaves broader and fhorter. Floral-leaves longer than the feed- buds. Petals, the 3 outer fometimes bent back, fpear-fhaped, as long as the feed-bud, with the lips green and folded; the 2 inner expanding, purplifh on the infide, green without. Honey-cup, the upper lip lengthened out into a long hooked kind of probofeis, deep green, with cafes for the chives beneath; lower lip hairy, mottled with brownifh purple and yellow; the 2 upper and outer lobes near the bafe, fhort, fpear-fhaped, at firft bent upwards, afterwards bent back; the middle lobe very large, marked with 2 round yellow fpots, the fide lobes fhort, angular, the middlemofl: long, tapering to a point; point greenifh yellow, bent back. Mr. WoobwARD. — Petals, the 3 outer whitifh-purple, concave, fome- what keeled, fhorter than the feed-bud; the 2 inner egg-heart- fhaped, nearly upright, of a purplifh greenifh brown, bent back at the edges, 7 times fhorter than the outer. Honey-cup , the zipper lip fomewhat fhorter than the outer petals, awl-fhaped, zigzag at the point, concave; the lower lip rufty brown, very much refem- bling a fmall humble-bee, inverfely egg-fhaped; the fide lobes bent down, woolly, the edges bent in, the upper angles loofe and upright, refembling the wings of the bee. C/izW'yellow, inferted into the upper edge of the fummit, burfting when the flower is expanded from the membranaceous cafes of the upper lip of the honey-cup, and bending down on the furface of the fummit, con- tinuing fixed to its edge. Threads thread-fhaped, elaftic, glutin- ous, bulbous at the bafe, thrice as long as the upper lip. Tips club-fhaped, compound, refembling thofe of the Orchis. Dujl, none perceptible. Seed-bud not wreathed. It agrees much more nearly to Orchis in its ftruChlre, and confirms the propriety of Haller’s generic characters. St. Ophrys infe&ifera 1 Linn. — Bee Orchis. Bee-jlower. Meadows and pallures, South fide of Great Combertcn towards Wooller’s-hill, frequent. Nash. — [Tedcftone near Whitbourne, Worcefterfhire. Mr. Ballard. — Area of Carifbrook Caftle, Ifle of Wight. St. — About Earfham, Mr. Woodw — and Mulbarton. Mr. Crowe.] P. June. Ray. July, Aug. Huds. O'PHRYS aranif'era. Bulb roundifh. Stalk ( rather JlemJ leafy. Lip of the honey-cup roundifh, entire. CHIVES on the POINTAL, II. CHIVES. entire, nicked, convex, Huds. — longer than the petals.* Mr. Woodward. Vaill. 31. 15 and 16, flowers. — Lob. ic. i. 179. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 212. 3, cop. in Park. 1350. 4, and Pet. 69. 3 .—(Ger. cm. 2 12. 4, cop. in Park. 1351. 5, is 0. apflera, as is evident by the lips with 5 lobes. — Vaill. 31. io, has an appendage at the end of the lip, and a lip much variegated.) Petals, the 3 outer oblong, expanding, green; the 2 inner on the fides, ftrap-fhaped, herbaceous, fhorter. Lip large, coloured, filky; with a fpot at the bafe, the fpot with 2 lobes, Ihining, fmooth; with a blunt tooth projecting on each fide of the fpot; concave underneath, blackilh purple above, green at the edge, herbaceous underneath. Huds. — Differs from 0. ap'fera in having graffy helm and wings, and the fhoulders of the honey-cup hairy. Relhan. — Similar to 0. apflera. Stem and leaves fhorter. Floral-leaves narrower. Flowers fmaller. Petals, the 3 cuter oval- fpear-fhaped, blunt, greenifh, much fhorter than the lip; the 2 inner ftrap-fhaped, very fhort. Lip rolled in at the edges, not lobed, only {lightly nicked at the end, hairy, except the fpot to- wards the bafe, dufky, with greenifh margins, green underneath. Mr. Woodward. Ophrys infeclifera 9 Linn.— (0. infeSlflera arachnites „ Linn.— 0. arachnites, Murr. in fyft. yeg. and Orchis araneam referens. Bauh. pin. 84, appear from the references to be a different plant, but not having feen the 0. arachnites, I have not prefumed to alter Mr. Hudfon’s name of aranfera, which will be fo apt to be confounded with arachnites of the fyft. veg. to 0. rubiginofa. Ray fays, “ This “ I think is the plant which our herbarifts have taken for the “ Orchis arachnites." St.)— Orchis, Hall. n. 1266. (3, fuppofing it to be the 0. apflera, in which he fays, in the more advanced period of its growth, the middlemoft fegment turns back, and becomes this plant. But this fegment is bent back in the 0. apflera , even before the flower is fully expanded, not to mention that 0. aranflera bloffoms in May, and 0, apflera ufually not till July. Mr, Woodward. Chalky meadows and paftures, as about Northfleet; and gravel pits, as in one in the open field near Great Shelford, and near Bartlow, Cambridgefhire. In dry paftures about Branham near Tadcafter. [Near Bury. Mr. Woodward.] P. April, May. * Fetalis longiore. D. Woodward. O'PHRYS 995 ) 996 GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. inf eft O'PHRYS infettif'era. Bulbs roundifh. Stalk leafy. Lip of the honey-cup with moftly 5 lobes. — a, 0. infectifera myodes. Linn.— 0. myodes. Jacq. which fee. S Linn. — 0. aranifera Hud s. which fee. 1 Linn. — 0. apifertb Huus. which lee. The varieties myodes and arachnites, may, to a tranlient ob- ferver, appear very diftinct, but, if compared with other plants of the fame tribe, and all the varieties be viewed together, it will be readily feen, that they all originate from onsfource, and that, though they firould prove permanent varieties, yet that no certain limits can be fixed upon to diffinguifh them. Linn. fp. pi. The varieties are confiant, fo that thofe who like may diftin- guifh them, mant.pl.— The preceding obfervations on 0. myodes, apifera, and aranifera, afford the belt reply to the opinions of Linnaeus, who, from his references, fhould feem not to have examined any living plants, excepting 0. myodes, the only one noticed in the FI. Juec, none being mentioned in Hort. cliff, or upf. St. 1097. SERA'PIAS. Helleborine. Empal. Sheaths fcattered. Fruit-falk fimple. Cup none. Bloss. Petals .5 ; oblong-egg-fhaped ; open, but rather upright, approaching upwards. Honey-cup as long as the petals ; hollowed at the bafe; filled with honey ; egg-fhaped ; hunched be- neath ; cloven into 3 ,- iegrnents fharp ; the nriddle- moft heart -draped; blunt; cloven at the feampf the bafe; with 3 teeth. , Chives. Threads 2; very (hort ; fixed to the pointal. Tips upright ; under the upper lip ol the honey- cup. Point. Seed-bud beneath ; oblong ; twified. Shaft grow- ing to the upper lip of the honey-cup. Summit indiftimft. _ S.Vf.ss. CapfuTe inverfely egg-fhaped ; with 3 blunt edges ; and 3 keels, growing to them ; 3 valves ; opening under the keels ; i cell. Seeds numerous, like faw-dufl. Receptacle firap-flraped ; growing to each valve ot the feed-velfel. Ess. Char. Honey-cup cgg-Jhapei ; hunched ; the lip egg- Jhapcd . SERA'PIAS CHIVES on the POINTAL, II. CHIVES. 997 SERA 'P IAS latifo'lia. Bulbs fibrous. Leaves common gg-fhaped , embracing the ftem. Flowers pendant. Linn. —Lip of the honey-cup blunt, as long hs the petals. * Fruit pendant. Huns. — Upper-leaves fpear-fhaped. Lip of' die honey -cup Jhorter than the petals. Mr. Woodward. FI. dan. 8 1 1. — Gunn. ii. 5. 3 to 6.— J. B. iii. 516. l and 2.— Crantz. vi. 1.6 , a l flamer. — Hall. 40. 2, at ii. />. 154.- — Ger. 353. 1 • (Cluj . i. 273. 1, repr. in Dod. 384, Lob. obf. iCq; ic. i. 312. 1, Ger. em. 442. 1, and cop. in Park. 218. 4.— Ft. dan. 267, are S. longifolia.J Spike of many flowers, long. Leaf-Jlalks (rather Fruit-flalhs? ) nng. Fruit pendant. Honey-cup without any lines, Linn. — with heart-fhaped prominence at the bate. Hall. Mr. Woodwarb. — Leaves very variable both in form and fize, the lower in the Huts gathered at Matlock egg-fhaped, blunt, two and a quarter aches broad, and three or four long, in thofe gathered at the foot. f Conzick Scar, fmaller, oval-fpear-fhaped, clofely embracing the em; the 2 or 3 uppermoft fpear-fhaped, fitting, as it were degene- ating into floral-leaves. Floral-leaves, the lowermoft as long or unger than the whole flower; the uppermoft only as long as the eed-bud. Spike very long. Flowers numerous. Seed-bud pear- naped. Mr. Woomv. — Root, fibres thick, thread-fhaped, hairv. more or lefs of a brownifh purple. Leaves all embracing the em. Empal. leaves 3, brownifh green, broad fpear-fhaped, :eeJed. Petals, the 2 lateral ones refembling the leaves of the unpalement, purplifh green. Honey-cup, the upper lip glandular, white, Hefiiy; the lower diftended at the bottom into a nearly glo- lular hollow; purple within, and of a brownifh green without, owards the end fiat, purplifh and fomewhat fcolloped. Tips yd- wwifh white, connedled to their cafe by a milk white globular ubftance. Cafe of the tips behind the pointals. Pointals 2, white, tefhy, fixed on the glandular receptacle. Capfule inverfely cgg- naped, diftended on the upper fide, marked with 6 ridges. With. (Helleborine, Dod. 384, is S. longifolia. St.) Bajlard Hellebore. — Woods, groves, and hedges. Common in * itie North Riding of Yorkfhire, but I have as yet feen only one Within 50 miles of Leeds. Mr. \Vood- [Matlock, Derbyfhirc, rad northern counties, as Buckham Wood, Cumberland, and in . This fo exactly referqbles the plants growing at the foot of Conzick rCir> that the drawing might feem to have been taken from them. Mr, tVoODWARD. lVol. II. 3 T / an GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. an elevated fituation at the foot of Conzick Scar, four miles from Kendal, amongft loofe ftones and rubbifh not acceffible without fome danger. Mr. Woodward.] P. July, Aug. /3 Huds. — Blojfoms blackifh red. Leaves narrower, clofer fet. It Hoyvers later. Ray. — Leaves varioufly oval-fpear-lhaped, mucl longer and narrower than in a. Flowers very dark-coloured. Cor refponding exadl ly tvith FI. dan. 8 1 1 , except that the fpike wa much longer. Mr. Woodward. Serapias pur pur ajcens. Curt. obf. 109 and cat. 802? St.* Sides of mountains near Malham, Yorklhire. Ray. — Moun tainous rocky xvoods in the North. Curt. — [Woods in Weft moreland and Cumberland. Mr. Woodward.] Aug. Curt y Huds. Serapias iongifolia, which fee. Being tranfplantdd into a garden or a dry foil becomes variet u the fecond year. Huds. — The very remarkable difference in th the comparative length of the honey-cup and petals, obferved b Scopoli and Lightfoot, and not noticed by Mr. Hudfon, indue me to believe the plant, which was the fubjedl of his experiment; to have been only a narrow-leaved variety of 5. latfolia. St. marjk SERA'PIAS longifo'Ua. Bulbs fibrous. Leave fword-fhaped, fitting. Flowers pendant. Linn. — Lip e the honey-cup longer than the petals, Scop. Lighti St. Mr. Woodw. — blunt, fomewhat ferrated.LiGHTE — Leaves embracing the Jtem. Mr. Woodward. St. Hail. 39, at ii. p. 154. — Fl. dan. 267. — Crantz. vi. 1. 5, flower. — Pet. 70. 8. — Cluj. i. 273. 1, repr. in Dod. 384, Lo cbj. 169; ic. i. 312. 1, Ger. em. 442. 1, and cop. in Par 218. 4, and cop. in Pet. 70. 5. Stem taller than that of ,S. latifolia. Spike long, of many flower Fraft-pendant. Flowers as large again. Petals broader. Floney-c adhering to the other petals; the boat with purple lines. Hall.- Root .creeping. Ray. Hall. — Spike loofe, with 1 5 to 21 flower Petals, the 3 outer ilightly downy, green, with a tinge of purph the 2 inner white, with a red blufh. Lip projecting beyond the rc of the flower, at firft fwclling down into a kind of boat, which marked with red lines and yellow fpots; afterwards expanding in a horde * Mr. Curtis refers indeed to HeUtborine altera atro-rubente fore, R. f 383, but Mr. Woodward’s obfervations convince me that Raps plant is mere variety of S. latifolia. Till therefore Mr. Curtis fliall favour us \vi •a fpecific character, it may be allowable, perhaps, to conjeflure, that! S. purpurafcens will prove to be S. rubra, the fynonyfns of which are to found in R. fvn. 384. n. 7. See S. grandi flora St. 999 CHIVES on the POINTAL, II. CHIVES. a border, heart-fhaped, white, plaited at the edge. Hall. Ljghtf. Mr. Wood.— The outer half of the lip of the honey-cup ib flightlv' attached as to be fhakcn off by a fmall motion, and is often blown off by the wind while the plant is growing. Mr. Wood.— Flowers moftly from one fide of the ftem. Lip divided tranfverfely almoft thropgh; the half next the receptacle boat-fhaped, with purple ribs, and at bottom with a yellow line, fpotted with orange; the outer half hanging down, roilndifh, and has an angular hunched appendage at the bafe, in which, previous to the expanfion of the flower, the tips were inclofed. Seed-bud long and narrow, which, in 5. latifoiia, is fhort and inversely egg-fhaped, when fully grown elliptical, not at all pear-fhaped, with 6 ridges, 8 lines long, and 3 wide. Mr. Woodward.— Leaves fometimes egg-fpear-fhaped, with 7 ribs, Mr. Ho llefear. St.— and fometimes egg-oblong and blunt. Floral-leaves, the lowermoft of the fame fhape as the upper leaves, and about the length of the flowers, thofe above gradually fhorter. Fruit-Jlalks downy, thread-fhaped. Seed-buds downy, flightly fcored, long, tapering down to the fruit-ft'alks* and a little towards the point. Tips yellow. St. Serapias latifoiia palujlrisy Hu ds. which is inferted in Relh.fl. c 'antab. p. 341. 1. 7. — 5. palujlris Scop, who had not then feen the correc- tions made by Linnaeus in the fyfl. nat. ed. xii. — and of Lightf. alfo, though he quotes that very edition. I am at a lofs to conjec- ture what is the S. longifolia of Curt. cat. 802, the S. longifolia of Hadron being the grandifora, and the S’, longifolia of Linnams the S. palujlris of Scop oh and Lightfoot, both of ‘which immedi- ately follow in his catalogue.— Helleborine Dod. pempt. 384. St. Marfhy and watery places. Bogs at Chiffelhurft. Ray.— -Dry chalky ground, as in the old chalk pits by the White Houfe, be- tween Eltham and North Cray. Sherard in R. /^.— [Plentifully in one morally fpot of 2 or 3 acres, within a mile of Leeds, and hitherto I have obferved it no where elfe. Mr. Wood.— Swampy meadows Robifon’s-ftreet, on the borders of Malvern Chace, .Worcefterfhire. Mr. Ballard.— Bogs in Norfolk, frequent. Mr! Woodward.] P. July, Aug. SERA'PIAS enfifoTia. Murr.— Bulbs fibrous, [word-leaved Leaves lword-fhaped, pointing from 2 oppofite lines. Floral-leaves very minute. Flowers upright. Lip of the honey-cup blunt, fhorter than the petals. Linn, the son, ftifpl.pl. FI. dan. 506. ‘■Root, fibres many, thickifh. Stem, fometimes more than a foot nigh, upright. Root-leaves long, narrow, pointed, refembling 3T2 thole K'hitc GYNANDRIA D IANDRIA. thofe of reeds; Jlem-leaves narrow. Flowers white, 8 or io, in a loofefpike. Ray. Mr. Wood w.— Stem a foot high, fometimes ilightly twilled. Stem-leaves, the longed 6 inches long, half an inch wide, bright green, fmooth, fhining, with 5-or 7 principal ribs, the lower embracing the ftem, the upper fitting, alternate, and pointing from 2 oppolite lines. Floral-leaves fpear-fhaped, one-eighth to one-fourth of an inch long. Seed-vejfels upright, elliptical, but from the proje&ing ribs appearing 3-cornered, longer and narrower than thofe of ,S'. longifolia. Mr. Woodward. Serapias Aiphophyllum. Ehrh. in Linn, fuppl. pi. 404.— S. grandi- flora a Pollich. 861 , (3 Reich, fyd, pi .—Xiphophyllum. Ehrh. phytoph. 67. — Serapias Icngifclia y Huds.— S. angujlifolia . Curt. cat. 802? St. Under Erackenbrow or Brnckenuray, oppolite Helk’s Wood. In the end of a wood where Cypripedium Calceolus grows, one mile from Ingleton, Yorklhire. R. fyn.—[ Lord Lonfdale's rvoods, at Lowther, Wedinoreland. Mr. Woodward.] SERA'PIAS grar.dtflo'ra. Bulbs fibrous. Leaves fword-fhaped. Flowers upright. Lip of the honey-cup blunt, fhorter than the petals. Linn. fyfl. veg. ed. xiii. and Syfi.pl. Light-foot. St.— Leaves egg-fpear-fhaped. Floral-leaves as long as the capfules. Linn, the son, fvppl. pt. — Fruit upright. FIuds. Mr. Woodward. ( Hail. 41, atu.p. 155.— Ger. 358.2, cop. in Pet. 70. 7, and abridged in H. cx. xii. 11. 12. — Crarttz. vi. 1. 4 .—(FI. dan. 506, is S. enfifvlia.J Flowers white, large, and, as is the fruit alfo, upright. Lip of ihe honey -cup Ihort, not fo pointed, with prominent lines. Hall. Serapias longifolia. Flu d s. which is inferted in Relh. ft. caf.tab. n. 64. J. .. — .S'. LcncliOphyllum. Ehrhart in fuppl. plant, inlerted I doubt not by himfelf, and without the approbation of Linn, the son, whom I have heard feveral times complaining of the very impro- per liberties taken with his copy, by Mr. Ehrhart, who was con- -cerned in the printing of it in Germany. Ehrhart refers to no figures, giving S.'grandif ora (lane folia) Syjl. veg. ed. xiii, asafyno- ■nym, but the word lane folia is not there to be found. — S. lane fo- lia. Mur r. in fyd. veg. ed. xiv, too hadily rejecting the name of a mader whom I know he reveres, and adopting the interpolation -of an editor who, capable as he has diewn himfelf of making va- luable ebfervations, ought to refign to fuperior abilities the glory of 'diftinguilhing himfelf by tile re-naming of well known plants. I 'have in my pofiefTion a iheet which Linnaaus the bon was obliged ere Z. cceanica of Liniueus and Z. marina 0 if Hudfcii.J Stems Chives on the Pointal, Many Chives. Stems much branched. Leaves floating, long, grafs-like, blunt, from leaf-fcales. Leaf-fcales fheathing, pointed. Flowers in a cavity, 3 or 4 inches long, on one fide of the ieaf near the bafe, which is at firft covered with a thin tranfparentfkin. Mr. Wood vv. Fucus five Alga marina graminea anguflifolia feminifera ramofior. R. fyn. 52. — Mr. Hudfon refers Linnaeus’s fynonyms of Z. oceanica to his Z. marina a, and thofe of Z. marina to his Z. marina (3. St. On the fea fhores, almoft every where. [Salt water ditches, Yarmouth. Mr. Woodward.] P. June — Aug. Thrown on the fea fhore by the tide, in great plenty, and mounds or walls are built with it to oppofe the encroachment of the fea. Expofure to the weather bleaches it white. Buildings are thatched ufith the green leaves, and it will endure upwards of a century. It is ufed by the inhabitants of Gothland in Sweden as a manure, and alfo for fluffing beds, in preference to hay, as being fofter. Horfes and Swine eat it. Cows are not fond of it. /3 Huds. Seed-veflels on fruit-flalks, olive-fhaped. Linn. Lob. obf. 471. 2, repr. in ic. ii. 248. 2, Ger. em. 1569. 8, and cop. in Park. 1292. 1. — J. B. iii. 794. Differs alfo front Z. marina in the roots being matted into a ball. Linn. — Z. oceanica. Linn. — ( Futus five Alga marina graminea an- guflifolia feminifera ramofior. R. fyn. 52. is Z. marina [a. of Huds.] according to Linnaeus.) St. y Huds. Smaller than /3 in all refpedls. Scarcely a foot high. Ra v. Round the fhores of the Ifle of Merfey. £ Huds. Smaller than a in all refpedls. R. fyn. 53. n. 4. — Leaves if tenth of an inch wide. St. Portfea Illand at Gatham Haven. R. fyn. t Huds. Sufpected to be the fame with 7. R. fyn. 53. n. 5. i * Clafs i oo 6 Clajs XXL . ! ' ' • ■ M O N O E C I A. i ' ■ . J", CHIVES and POINTALS Separate. ALL the daffes hitherto mentioned, are compofed of Plants, whofe Flowers contain Chives and Pointals within the fame empalement ; but the plants ol this Clafs have the Chives in one flower, or in one empalement, and the Pointals in another. The flowers that contain the Chives are Barken ; thofe that contain the Pointals are Fertile. The Barren and the Fertile flowers of this Clafs, are al- ways found upon the fame plant. From this account it is evident, that in giving the Generic charafters, it is neceffary to deferibe both the Barren and the Fertile Flowers. Therefore B, fignifies the Barren Flower, or that with Chives only; and F fmnifies the Fertile Flower, or that with only Pointals. Obs. Florets inclofed in a Common Empalement, though agreeing m the difpolition of the Chives and Pointals, are nodo be referred to this Clafs. This caution is ne- celfary in order to exclude fome of the Rundlc bearing Plants of the fifth, and lome of the Compound Floii'ers of the nine- teenth Clafs. Order CHIVES and POINTALS SEPARATE. Order I. \ MONANDRI A; I. CHIVE . 1 1 1 9 . A'r u m Sheath and Spike-jlalk. B, Cup o. Blofs. o. Chives above the pointals. F, Cup o. Blofs. o. St. * 1127. Cha'ra B, Cup o. Blofs. o. F, Cup 4 leaves. Blofs. o. Sum- mit with 5 clefts. Seed 1. 1124. Zannichel'lia. B, Cup o. Blofs. o. F, Cup 1 leaf. fi/o/}. o. Pointals 4. Sm/.r 4. *f: Callitriche verna. Order II. D I A N D R I A; II. CHIVES. 1130. Lem'na B, Cup i leaf. Blofs. o. F, Cup 1 leaf. Blofs. o. Shaft r. Capf. 1 cell. Order III. T R I A N D R I A; III. CHIVES. 1137. Ca'rex B, Catkin, 1 flower in eachlcale. Blofs. o. F, Catkin, 1 flower in each fcale. Blofs. 1. Shaft 1. S’et’J 1; coated. 1132. Sparga'nium. oo8 M O N O E C I A. 1 132. Sparga'nium 1 13 1 . Ty'pha. B, Cup 3 1 eaves i Blofs. o. F, Cup 3 leaves. Blofs. o. Sum- mits 2. Seed 1. B, Cup 3 leaves. Blofs. o. F, Cup hair-like. Blofs. o. Shaft 1. Seed 1 ; feathered. + Amaranthus bliturn. » ’ • « ’ v . . * ...... / Order IV. TETRANBRIA; IV. CHIVES. 1 149. Ur'tica B, Cup 4 leaves. Blofs. o. Honey- , cup glafs-fhaped. F, Cup 2 valves. Blofs. o. Sum- mit hairy. Seed 1 ; egg- fhaped. 1148. Bux"us B, Cup 3 leaves. Blofs. 2 petals. F, Cup 4 leaves. Blofs. 3 petals. Summits 3. Capf. 3 cells. 1147. Bet'ula ,% B, Catkin, 3 flowers in each fcale. Blofs. with 4 divifions. F, Catkin, 2 flowers in each fcale. Blofs. o. Shafts 2. Seed 1 ; egg-draped. 1 145. Littorel'la. B, Cup 4 leaves. Blofs. 4 clefts. Chives very long. F, Cup o. Blofs. 4 clefts. Shaft very long. Seed a nut. ✓ + Ilex aquifolium. Plantago uniflora. [Myrica Gale. St.] Order '1 • CHIVES and POINTALS SEPARATE. 1009 Order V. P E NT AN B R I A; V. CHIVES. 1152. Xan'thium B, Cup common ; many leaves. Blofs. 5 clefts. Threads con- nected. F, Cup o. Blofs. o. Shafts 2. Nut, 2 cells. U57. Amaran'thus. B, Cup individual, 5 leaves. Blofs. o. Chives 3 or 5. F, Cup individual, 5 leaves. Blofs. o. Shafts 3. Capf. cut round. Order VIII. • POLY ANDRIA; MANT CHIVES; (MORE THAN VII.) * 1 164. Sagitta'ria. .... B, Cup 3 .leaves. Blofs. 3 petals. Chives about 24. F, Cup 3 leaves. Blofs. 3 petals. Pointals ico. Seeds numer- ous. ii63.Myriophyl'lum. B, Cup 4leaves. Blofs. o.ChivesS. F, Cup 4 leaves. Blofs. o. Point. 4. Seeds 4. 1 i62.Ceratophyl'lum. B, Cup with about 7 divifions. Blojs. o. Chives about 18. F, Cup with about 7 divifions. Blofs. o. Point. 1. Seed 1. 1167. Pote'rivm B, Cup 3 or 4 leaves. Blofs. with 4 divifions. Cliivesdbout 32. F, Cup 3 or 4 leaves. Blofs. 4 petals. Pointals 2. Seeds 2 ; incloled. 1170. Fa'gus. IOIO M O N O E C I A. 3 170. Fa'gus B, Cup with 5 clefts. Blofs. o. • - » r» Chives about 12. F, Cup with 4 clefts. Blofs. o. Shafts 3. Capf. 2 feeds. 1168. Quer'cus. ........ B, Cup with 5 clefts. Blofs. o. Chives about 10. F, Cup entire. Blofs. o. Shafts 5. Seed an Acorn. B, Catkin tiled. Blofs. o. Chives 8. F, Cup 2 leaves. Blofs. o. Shafts 2. Fruit a Nut. 1 171. Car'pin B, Catkin tiled. Blofs. o. Chives 10. F, Cup with 6 clefts. Blofs. o. Point als 2. Fruit a Nut. Order IX. MONADELPHIA; •THREADS UNITED. W73. Pi'nus B, Cup 4 leaves. Blofs. o. Chives many. F, Catkin like a cone. Blofs. o. Point. 2. Nuts 2 ; winged. Oran Chives and Pointals Separate, I. Chive. IOI i Order /. '» ' **■ *'■ '* vTU i ii i , > it » . V, o M 0 N A N D R I A; I. C H I V E. . 4 7-; . : . . \ mg. A ' R U M . C ucko wpi fit. Empal. Sheath of i leaf ; very large; oblong; lapped round at the bafe ; approaching at the top; com- prefTed in the middle ; coloured on the infide. Sheathed Fruit-flalk club-fhaped ; undivided ; a lit- tle fhorter than the fheath ; coloured ; fet round with feed-buds on the lower part ; above the feed- bud fhrivelling. Bloss. none. Chives. Threads none; unlefs the Honey-cups, which are thick at the bafe, and terminated in thread-fhaped ' Tendrils , growing in 2 rows round the middle of the fruit-ftalk. Tips many ; fitting ; 4-edged ; fixed to the fpike-ftalk ; difpofed between the two rows of tendrils. iPoint. Seed-buds many ; inverfely egg-fhaped ; covering the bafe of the fruit-ftalk beneath the chives. Shafts none. Summits bearded with foft hairs. 8. Vess. Berries numerous ; globular; with 1 cell. Seeds many; roundifh. Ess. Char. Sheath of 1 leaf ; hood-like. Spike-flalk, naked above, with pointals below, and chives in the middle. Oi:s. The wonderful and unparalleled ftrucfture of this flower nath given rife to many difputes amongft the mod eminent bota- nifts. — The Receptacle is lengthened out into a naked club, with ieed-buds furrounding its bafe. The Chives, which is truly wonder- 'd, are fixed to the receptacle more within than the feed-buds, and ronfequently {landing lefs in need of threads to elevate them. "Hence it may be faid to be an inverted flower. What are the above- mentioned tendrils noticed under the name of threads ? Li nn. — On Me genus Calla Linnaeus makes the following remark. St. — As *neach Berry there are feveral feeds, it follows that each Pointal be- longs to as many diftinct Florets, and that they do not conftitute >93113 of merely one flower; but as from the deficiency of an Em- talment and Blcfikm, the Chives are not feparated, it is difficult to affign 1012 common MO no ec ia monandria: aflign.any fixed number to each floret. From the analogy with the Palms I fhould conjecture the number belonging to each floret to be 6. Linn. — The argument drawn from the number of feeds in each berry holds equally good with Arum, as there are frequently more than i feed in each berry. His excellent fon, truly worthy of his great father, and whofe memory will be ever dear to me, appears to have been led to the fame conclufion from the confide ration of other facts, apparently having forgotten the above remark of his father’s. In a letter written in Englifh on his return home, dated May 6th, 1783, and which I received only a few months before his death,; after fpeaking of fome differences of opinion fub fitting between him and the ingenious Hedwig, about the nature of the Chives and Pointals of the Moffes, which will be treated o. in its proper place, he fays, ‘ ‘ You know in the Compound Flower, tt that every floret is a feparate flower; that every floret in the “ catkins of Saururus, Piper, and Pothos, and every tip in the “ feales of the catkins of 'lamia is a diftinefl floret. When I attenc “ to thefe faetts, to the nature of female catkins, and the lingula it frueftification of Pandanus, I underftand the ftrudlfire of Arum “ which I never before could, nor any one elfe. Every pointa • t and every tip is to be confidered as a diftinct. floret, a confe “ quence of which is that it muft be removed to Monoeci; “ Monandria.” Linn, the son. (St.) A'RUM macula' turn. Without a item. Leayeshal berd-fhaped . very entire. Spike- flalk club-fhaped. Curt. ii. ig.-Riv.mon. 124. 1, Arum.— Mill, ill .—ic. 52. 1.- Blachw. 228 .—FI. dan. sos.—Bulliard.—Fuchf. 6g, cop. in j B. ii. 784. — Dod. 329. 2, repr. in Lob. obj. 325. 2, ic. i. 597 2, Ger.em. 834. 1, and cop. in H. ox. xiii. 5. row 3. 1.- Lonic. i. 200. i.—Trag. 774.— Maith. 596, abridged in Pad 373. 1.2. Spikb-flalk, the upper part purple, fometimes buff-coloured, an fometimes mottled with buff and purple. Seed-buds green ifh ye low, the upper terminating in a hair-like or awl-fhaped fhaft c fummit, purple at the end. Tips of 2 open cells. Duft yellow Honey-cups, the row above the chives exactly fimilar to the uppe feed-buds. With.— Leaves generally fpotted with black fpot: Sheath conical; pale green. Berries red, growing in a naked clufte Wake- Ry bin. Cuckoivpint. Lords and Ladies. [Bloody -men s-fngei . Worcefferfhire. Sr.] • Shady places, ditch banks and rough grounds. Ma; The berries ripen about the clofe of fummer.CuRT.-The roc and the leaves when recent, are fo extrcmclyacrid, that it is high difngreeab Chives and Pointals Separate, I. Chive. difagreeable to tafte them. The root has been employed in medi- cine as a ftimulant, but when reduced to powder it lofes much of its acrimony, and there is reafon to fuppofe that the compound powder which takes its name from that plant, owes its virtues shiefiy to the other ingredients. There is no doubt but this acrid quality may be turned to weryufeful purpofes, but we mull firft learn how to afcertain its dofe. — The root dried and powdered, is ufed by the French to wafh their fkin with*, and is fold at a high price, under the name of Cyprefs Powder. It is undoubtedly a good, and an innocent cofmetic. — When the acrimony of the roots is extracted, either by boiling or baking, they certainly will afford a very mild and wholefome nourifhment. Many nations prepare the only bread they have, from plants as acrimonious as this; firft diflipating the noxious qualities by the force of heat. — Starch may be made from the roots. y Leaves with black fpots and white ftreaks. Bot. Arr. ed. i. St. 1124. ZANNICHEL'LIA, Lake-weed. B. Barren Flower. Empal. none. Bloss. none. Chive. 'Thread {ingle ; Ample; long; upright. Tip e gg- (liaped ; upright. F. Fertile Flower (landing near the other. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; hardly perceptible; diftended; with 2 teeth. Bloss. none^ Point. Seed-kuds 4 ; like little horns ; approaching. Shafts 4; fimple; rather expanding. Summits egg-fhaped ; flat ; expanding outwards. S. Vess. none. Seeds 4; oblong; tapering at each end; hunched on one fide; covered with a bark ; crooked; bent back. Ess. Char. (Flowers with chivesand pointals.) Empal. o. Blofs. o. * , . (Flowers with pointals.) Empal. 1 leaf. Blofs. o. Seed-buds about 4. Seeds as many. ZANNICHEL'LIA paluf'tris. — horned «? St. Tip \yith 2 cells. Summits and empalements fcolloped 1 at the edge. Seed-veffels rough along the ridge. Mich, Vol. II. 3 U Mill. IOI3 ioi4 MONOECIA MONANDRIA. Mill. ill. — FI. dan. 67. — Pluh. 102. 7, cop. in Pet. 6. 2, and Brit, herb. 80, in fruit. — Mich. 34. 2. Seeds either entire or toothed on the back. Huds. — Leaves briftle- fhaped. Seed-buds horn-like. Relhan. — The uncommon breadth of th efummits is the mod remarkable peculiarity in this plant; and whether they float upon the furlace of the water, or are funk be- neath it, they are equally calculated to receive the dull; from the chives which Hand above them. Bot. Arrang. ed. i. St. — The habit of a Potamogeton; {lender and much branched. Leaves thread - fhnped, grafs-like, 2, 3, or 4 out of the fame fheathing prop. Seed- coats fitting, 3 or 4, placed crofs-ways in the bofom of the leaves; fomewhat comprefled, with a toothed ridge on each fide, and an awl-fhaped termination, giving them fome refemblance to a bird’s claw. Mr. Woodward. Horned Pondweed. — Ditches and ftagnant waters. [Ditches near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] A. July. St. — Larger. Tip with 4 cells. Seed-buds and fummits entire. Seed-velfels toothed along the ridge. Mich. Mich. 34. 1. Root of the thicknefs of the ftem, with lateral, very {lender, fhort fibres (hooting into the mud. Stem floating, jointed, forked, folid; branches very long, fome of the joints without leaves, or only a fheathing fcale. Leaves ftrap-flraped, flat, very entire, fmooth, embracing the ftem, 2 or 3 at each joint. Flowers from the bofom of the leaves, throughout the whole length of the ftem, oppolite, one with chives on one fide, and one with pointals on the other. Flower with the chive. Empal. none, unlefs fome fcattered .membranaceous fheaths involving the flowers. Chive as long again as the flower with pointals. Thread thread-like. Tip blunt at the end, green, Hefhy, fomewhat 4-cornered, with 4 cells. Dufi white, globular, fomewhat angular. Flower with pointals on the upper part of the ftem near the flower with the chive, on the lower part of the ftem oppofite to it. Empal. common, the fame as in the flower with the chive; cup membranaceous; teeth juft perceptible, involving the feed-bud. Pointals longer than the em- palement, fometimes 5. Seed-buds inverfely egg-fhaped, firming. Summits membranaceous, target-fiiaped, concave, flat, expanding outwards, 6 or 8 times as broad as the drafts. Seed-veffel a dry berry (Eacca ficea?) * oblong, comprefled, with 2 keels, tapering to a point, * As in Galium ami C.rambe , But the feed-veffels of tliefe plants do not accord with the definitions cither of Capfule or Berry, 'they are “ dry hol- low feed-veffels not opening in a determinate manner.” flight not the term Conceptaciilum be adopted to exprefs it, Linnteus having rejeiEled it from it* former acceptation, and fubftituted Folliculus in it* room. S r, f Chives and Pointals Separate, I Chive. 1015 point, futures wrinkled. Seeds oblong, round, and rounded at the ends, fomewhat bowed. St. Brooks and pools near Worcefler. [Sept. St.] • , • w ' I 1127. CHA'RA. Stone-wort. F. Fertile Flowers. ! Em pal. Cup, leaves 4; awl-fhaped; upright; perma- nent; the 2 outer ones oppofite, and longer than the other 2. B L ss. none. Point. Seed-bud turban-fhaped. Shaft none. Summit with 5 clefts ; oblong; deciduous. S. Vess. The Coat egg-fhaped ; of 1 cell ; adhering to the feed. Seed fmgle; egg-fhaped ; marked with fpiral lines. B. Barren Flower at the bafe of the feed-bud, on the out- ward fide of the empalement. .Em pal. Cup as above. -Bloss. none. Chive. 'Threads none. Tip globular, placed before and below the feed-bud, without the empalement. Ess. Char. B. Empal. o. Blofs. o. Tip placed below the feed-bud. F. Empal. leaves 4. Blofs. o. Summit with 5 clefts. Seed 1. CHA'RA tomentofa. Prickles on the Bern egg- brittle Thaped. — H. ox. xv. 4. 9. — Pluk. 29. 4, cop. in Brit. herb. 74; no appear- ance of prickles on the jlem. Plant always flelh-coloured when alive, but when dry becomes *fli coloured. Stem twilled. Linn. — Plant brittle and gritty in the nouth. Root fibrous. Ditches and pools. Peat ditches in Lancafhire and Weltmore- and, common. [In the rivulet that runs from Malham Tam oefore it finks into the ground. Mr. Wood.] A. June — Odfc. CHA'RA vulga'ris. Stems fmooth. Leaves toothed on the inner fide. — C. B.pr. 25, repr. in th. 251, cop. in Park. 1201. ro. — J. B. iii. 731.2. — ( FI. dan. 1 50 is Hypoclueris radicata. C. vulgaris is not yet figured in that work.) 3U2 common Berry i o 1 6 MONOECIA MONANDRIA.' Berry oblong, containing feveral feeds. Weis. — Stem thread- fhaped, but little branched, 6 to 9 inches long, flexible. Leaves' thread-fhaped, tapering, but juft thinner than the Hem, in whorls, expanding, moftly as long as the joints of the ftem, 6 in a whorl; jointed, the knots with prickles and often fructifications on the infide. Flowers in various difpofitions (polygamia) fome with chives and pointals, others with only chives, and in different plants, fitting, both tawny and white in the fame plant, on the inner fide of the leaves towards their bafe, 2 or 3 on a leaf, nu- merous on the upper whorls, diftincft. Evipal. leaves briftle-fhaped, the 2 outer nearly twice as long. Tip brownifh, orange, pulpy, inferted at the bale of the feed-bud, and projecting as it were from . out of the empalement, it evidently adhering to the bafe of the feed-bud and being feparable with it; unchanged in its form and none burft, in numbers which I examined, from whence fome might be induced to fufpect it to be rather a Honey-cup. Seed-vejfcl of 1 cell, of the fame colour with the tip, and twice or thrice as large, tapering and greenifh towards the end, which is crowned with 5 teeth, moftly fhorter, butfometimes longer than the em- palement. Seeds very numerous, and very minute, yellowifn or white. In one plant I found only tips, but with empalements as in the flowers with both chives and pointals. Nearly allied to Bippuris. St. — Whole plant yellowifli or reddilh green. Flowers in thedivifions of the Item.— Green when frefh, and extremely foetid; glaucous when dry, and very brittle. Leaves fometimes 10 or 12 in a whorl. Mr. Woodward. Stinking Water Horje-tail. — Ditches and pools. [Marie pit near Stafford, where water had ftagnated. St.] A. July, Aug. ft Smaller. Hods. Stems and .leaves very fiender. Seeds (meaning tips and capfules) tfmall, brown, fhining, lying naked on the joints of the leaves. R. fyn. — From this defcription k fufpedl it to be rather C. fexilis. St. Sir P. Carteret's fifh-ponds in Jerfey. In a gutter in Pcckhatn Fields, not in the great ditches. R. fyn. / . • , prickly CHA'RA LiJ’pula. Prickles on the ftem, hair-like, crowded. — FL dan. 154. — Fluk. 193. 6. Whitifh or pale green when frefh. prickles often bent down, ■ Linn. — Plant covered with a flony cruft, whence its grittinefs between the teeth, pale green, when dried afh-coloured, and when dead, white. Root, fibres nearly limple, hair-like, long, tranfpa- Tent, white, ftiffifh, knotted; knots rigid with fmall fibres. Stems 4 to 8 inches long, forked, zigzag, twifted, feored, rough, cylin- » ' dricai, Chives and Pointals Separate, I. Chive,' 1017 drical, hollow, jointed; joints of an equal thicknefs; knots fwoln, fomewhat flexible, towards the end, as alfo the young ihoots, rough with prickles; prickles thread-needle-flmped, Scattered, falling off, thole near the top of the joint bent down, thofe below expanding or upright. Leaves cylindrical, jointed; joints 2 org, the lower fimilar to the ftetn, the upper fmooth, 6 to 9 in a whorl, llightly expanding or upright, at length falling off; the younger in wreathed whorls, furrounded here and there with upright prickles in whorls. Fr unification, none vifible, unlels a yellow globule, poflibly a tip. That the above obfervations, or thofe ; inferted under (J. vulgaris, belong to thofe fpecies, I am not abfo- lutely certain, having millaid one of the fpecimens, but they were .compared and defcribed together. St. — Plant glaucous. Stem : twilled ipirally, its lower part and branches and lower leaves fre- quently naked; upper part thick fet with prickles. Leaves 8 to 10 in a whorl. Prickles in bundles, at Ihort diftances on the upper fide of the leaves, refembling half whorls. Not fo foetid as the iC. vulgaris. Mr. Woodward. — Whole plant with a ffrong feent of garlick, green. Stem branched. Leaves 8 or 10 in a whorl, prickly. Seed-bud egg-fhaped, of a dull pale yellow. Summits dirty green. Tip orange-coloured. With. Ditches and pools, in Yorkfhire, Lancafh. and Weftmoreland. (Turf bogs, Ellingham, Norfolk. Mr. Wood w.— At the bottom of a fpring in a meadow near Gay ton, Staffordlh. St.] June— 061. CHA'RA fex’ilis. Joints of the ftem without prickles, fmooth femi-tranfparent, broader upwards. Linn. — Stem tranf- ;parent, without prickles, Schmidel. Huds. — 3-forked. .Huds. — Joints of the fem of an equal thicknefs the whole . length . Schmidel. Schmidel 14. Roots hair-like, whitifh. Stems 1 to 2 feet long, floating under nvater, but near the furface, thread-fhaped, fmooth, and covered mot as the reft of this genus,' with a cruft, but with a thin green irind, hollow, filled with a llightly vifeid water. Leaves in whorls, which, towards the root, are 2 inches and upwards from each tother, towards the end from 1 to f an inch; of the fame ftrudlure . with the ftem, when fully grown from 1 to if inch long, fome- what tapering at the point, moftly forked'at about 2-gds of their tiength , the fegments awl-fhaped, with a flight curvature or con- Itraclion above the infertion of the fru6lifications,but almoft always 11 or more Ample in each whorl. FruSlifications naked, on the upper nvhorls, fometimes on all the leaves on the divided leaves at the dork, and on the Ample leaves about the fame diftancc from the 3 U 3 bafe. MONOECIA MON AN DR I A. bafe. Empalement none, not even prickles as in other fpecies. Tip always Angle, fometimes folitary, but moftly with 2 feed-buds, generally between them, but where only 1 feed-bud fometimes on one or the other fide, or above it, never below, as in the other fpecies, as far as I have hitherto obferved; when firft appearing, white or ftraw-coloured, as it advances pale yellow, becoming of a wax-like fubftance, when ripe of a reddilh faffron colour, and at laft brown, for the greater part hollow within, not divided into cells, but containing fome pulp intermixed with very tender fibres or membranes, and fome mealy grains of a faffron colour; never opening fpontaneoufly as far as I have obferved; gradually fbri- veiling, rotting and wafting away. Seed-bud, marked with fpiral lines, whitifh green, nearly tranfparent, at length becoming opaque, and of a yellowilh green, and afterwards fomewhat greener. Seed-vejfel oval, fomewhat tapering towards the point; the coat thinifh, compofed as it were of 5 fegments rolled fpirally round and terminating in the fummits. Summits 5, roundifh, with a hollow between them. Nucleus oval or oblong, white, covered with a very thin membrane, not marked with fpiral lines, full within of very white tranfparent globules, fome fpherical, others a little com^reffed, deftrudlible by preflure, not wrinkled; whe- ther to be confidered as feeds I do not determine. To be referred to the order of Alga, in which the vehicular ftrucfture is common. Schmidel. — My obfervations on C. vulgaris correfpond in gene- ral with the above, and I may add that the tip, in its osconom), if I may fo exprefs myfelf, accords w:ith that of Ophrys and the Orchidece. St. Ponds, ditches, and bogs. Ponds about Henley, not far from Ipfwich. In a bog where the ftinking fpa empties itfelf near Knarefborough. R.Jyn. — Saltwater ditches near Hornfey. Huus. — Loch Lomond. Parsons. — Hill-Loch on Craig Chaillech preadalbane, and at Comrie 4 miles from Crief. Mr. Stuart. A. June — 0<5t. Chives and Pointals Separate, II. Chives. 1019 Order II. D I A N D R I A; II. CHIVES. 1130. LEM'NA. Duck-meat. B. Barren Flowers. Empal. Leaf 1 ; circular; opening at the fide; obliquely dilated outwardly; blunt; expanding; deprelfed; large ; entire. Bloss. none. Chives. Threads 2 ; awl-fhaped ; crooked; aslongasthe cup. 'Tips double ; globular. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped. Shaft { hort. Summit indiflinft. S. Vess. barren. F. Fertile Flowers. Empal. Cup as above. Bloss. none. Point. Seed-bud fomewhat egg-fhaped. Shaft { liort; per- manent. Summit fimple. S. Vess. Capfule globular, with a point at the end ; and 1 cell. Seeds feveral ; oblong; (harp at each end; nearly as long as the capfule ; fcored on one fide. Ess. Char. B. Empal. 1 leaf. Blofs. o. F. Empal. 1 leaf. Blofs. o. Shaft 1. Capf. 1 cell. Ob s. If the pointals in the B. flowers had been perfedt and produced perfedt feeds, this genus mud have been referred to the 23d clafs. LEM'NA triful'ca. Leaves on leaf-italics, fpear- ivy-leaved (haped. — Mich. 11. 5. — J. B. iii. 786. 1. — Lob. ic. ii. 36. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 830. 2, and cop. in Park. 1216. g, and Brit. herb. 61. 2. — 1 Ger. 681. 2. Stems flatted and proliferous; crofling each other, thus refem- bling in its mode of growth the Caflus Opuntia, the Indian Fig. Linn. — Leaf-Jlalks ifluing from the edge of another leaf, from a fiflure parallel to the fides of the leaf. With. Ditches and ftagnant waters. P. June — Sept. 3U4 LEM'NA 1020 MONOECIA DIANDRIA. leajl LEM'NA mi’nor .* Leaves fitting, flattifh on both fides. Roots folitary. — Ray 4. i, at p. 150, cop. in Brit. herb. 60.— Mich. 11. 3, Lenti- cularia. — Vaill. 20. 3. — Black w. 380. — Gars. 336. — Trag. 690, on the Jurface of the water. — Dod. 587. 1, repr. in Lob. elf. 648. 1; ic. ii. 249. 1, Ger. em. 829. 1, and cop. in Park. 1262. 1, and imitated in Ger. 680. — Matth. 1115. — J. B. iii. 773- 2- Flowers every year during the dog days. Linn. Greeds. St.— Pools. A. June— Sept. gibbous LEM'NA gib'ba. Leaves fitting, hemifpherical underneath. Roots folitary. Mich. 11. 1, Lenlicula. — J. B. iii. 773. 3 .—(Mich. 11. 2, in fyjl.pl. jl. angl. and in the text of Mich. gen. p. 15, is an error of the prefs.) Micheli’s dcfcription of the flowers found to be accurate by Meffrs. Ehrhart and Graucer. Cdpfule with 2 cells, containing 2 feeds, fomewhatcompreffed, and a little depreffed in the middle, more globular when fuller advanced. Wiogers. — It is improperly confidered as a variety of L. minor. Relu. — Leaves divided within into a number of membranaceous cells; the young ones, proceed- ing from the edges of the old ones. St. — Differs from the L. minor in having the leaves inverfely egg-fhaped, narrowed where they are joined together, the upper fur face flightly convex and generally tinged with purple; the under furface very convex, white, of a ' reticulated fpongy appearance, and filled with water, fomething refembling the internal drucfture of Scirpus lacudris, but not fo regular. Mr. Wooow. — Roots thread-lhaped, from the centre of the under fide of the leaf. Leaves 3,4, or 5 together, one growing out of the edge of the other, oval, convex alfo on the upper fide, the under fide porous, refembling pith. With. L. minor gib b a fi Huns. Ditches and ponds. [Lower Bilhop’s pool, Northwick, near Worceder, and in a pool near the Ead ftde of Malvern Chace, Worcederlhire. Sept. 8, 1776. St.] A. July, Aug. greater LEM'NA polyrlii'za. Leaves fitting. Roots crowded. — Ray 4. 2, at p. 150, cop. in Brit. herb. 61. 1. — Vaill. 20. 2. — Midi. 11. 1, Leu ticular ia. * Mr. Hudfon abridges the character to “ leaves fining, roots fplitary,” comprehending L. gibba as a variety. St, . • , Float Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. Float on the furface of the water on the appearance of the fwallqws, and fink under water when they disappear with us. Linn. — Leaves green above, purple underneath. With. Ditches. A. May— Sept. Ducks are exceedingly fond of all the fpecies. Li nn. as are alfo gcefe. « • .1 f ■ Order III . % i* •TRIANDRIA; III. CHIVES. 1131. TVPHA. Cat’s-tail. B. Barren Flowers numerous ; forming a catkin at the end of the jlraw. Em pal. Catkin, common; cylindrical; very clofely fet ; confuting of individual Cups with 3 leaves; briftle- fhaped. Bloss. none. Chives. Threads 3; hair-like; as long as the cup. Tips oblong ; pendant. • F. Fertile Flowers numerous; fet exceedingly clofe ; forming a catkin, which furrounds the Jlraw. % -r» E m p a l . Hairs down-like. Bloss. none. Point. Seed-bud fitting on a bridle ; egg-fhaped. Shaft awl-fhaped. Summit hair-like ; permanent. S. Ve»s, none. Fruit very numerous, and forming a cylinder. Seed tingle; egg-fhaped; furnifhed with a {haft, on a briftle. Feather hair-like ; fixed to the briftle which fupports the feed, as long as the pointal. Ess. Char. B. Catkin cylindrical. Empal. obfcure, with 3 leaves. Blofs. o. F. Catkin cylindrical, below the flowers with chives. Empal. with a liair-likc wool. Blofs. o. Seed 1; on a hair-like down. TY'PHA latifo'lia. Leaves fomewhat fword-fhaped. gr The fpikes of fertile and barren flowers near together. — Curt. S 1022 i MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. Curt. iii. sg. — Fuchf. 823, cop. in J. B. ii. 527. 3. — H. ox. viii. 13. row 3. 1. — FI. dan. 645. — Louie.- i. 174. 1. — Matth. 863. — Ger. 42. — ‘Frag. 68 x . — Dod. 604, repr. in Lob. obf. 42. 1 ; ic. i. 81. 1, Ger. em. 46. — Lonic. i. 173. 1. b. — Park. 1204. 1. — J. B. ii. 527. 1 and 2, only leaves. Sheaths 2, falling off; 1 at the bafe, and the other about the middle of the barren fpike. Linn. — Barren /pikes dark brown. Befides the 2 {heaths deferibed by Linnaeus, there is frequently a 3d, fmaller, placed between the middle and top of the barren fpike, which foon withers and falls off. Mr. Woodward. Great Cat's-tail. Reed-mace. Banks of rivers and fiflr ponds, and in marfhes. P. July. fmall TY'PHA angufltfo'lia. Leaves femi-cylindrical. The fpikes of fertile and of barren flowers diftant, Linn. rather dijlinFt. St. Curt. iii. 29. — FI. dan. 815. — H. ox. viii. 13. row 3. 2. — Park. 1204. 2. — ( Fuchf. 822, rather F. latfolia, the fpike being broader than the leaves .J Leaves much narrower than thofe of F. latifolia. Spikes flenderer, the barren one diftant from the other about an inch. Curt. Relhan. — Leaves do not exceed one third the breadth of the pre- ceding fpecies, the fpike and fpike-ftalk much more {lender, tho* the plant grows as tall arid as firings the other. The fertile and barren fpikes generally about 1 inch afunder. Mr. Woodward. Leaves fheathing the ftem, femi-cylindncal below, flat and ftrap- IJwped towards the end. With. Ditches and ponds. [Clay pits in Norfolk and Suffolk, fre- quent. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. Cows eat it. Swine refufe it. (3 When growing among rocks, and its roots being confined, it becomes fmaller, but its fpikes more numerous. Linn. Lob. adv. 41, repr. in ic. i. 81. — J. B. ii. 540. Hounflow Heath. R. fyn. 1132. SPAR- Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. 1023 1132. SPARGA'NIUM. Bur-weecL* B. Barren Flowers numerous; collected into a little head. Em pal. Common Catkin round ifh ; tiled very clofely on every fide ; confiding of proper Cups with 3 leaves ; narrow ; deciduous. Bloss. none. Chives, ‘threads 3; hair-like; as long as the cup. Tips oblong. F. Fertile Flowers. Em pal. as above. Common Receptacle roundifh. Bloss. none. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped ; ending in a fhort awl-fhap- ed Shaft. Summits 2 ; {harp ; permanent. S. Vess. not very pulpy; turban-flhaped, but terminated by a point ; angular beneath. Seeds. Nuts 2; hard as bone; oblong egg-fhaped; an- gular. Ess. Char. B. Catkin roundifh. Empalemcnt with 3 leaves. Blofs. o. F. Catkin roundifh. Empalement with 3 leaves. Blofs. o. Summit cloven. Stone fruit juicelefs ; with 1 feed. Obs. The feed in fome with 1 cell, in others with 2, Toorm. quoted by Linnaeus — meaning, probably, in fome individuals, not fpecies, Pollich deferibing the S. ereftum with 1 feed, Leers moftly 1, and Curtis 2. St. SPARGA'NIUM erec'tum . Leaves upright , greater 3-fquare, Linn.— fword-fhaped.f Stem branched. Huds. — Leaves triangular at the bafe, the fides concave. Fruit- ftalks branched. Curt. — Fruit-ftalks with many flowers, from the bofom of the leaves. St. \ * Bur-reed would feem to be a fpecies of Reed fArundo.) St. t This word feems an unneceffary addition, it equally belonging to both fpecies. St. + Pedunculis multi/oris axiltaribiu. The upper part of the item is branched, but the fruit-ftalks are fimple, tho’ fupporting many fitting heads. More ftyidly fpeaking the flowers are in terminating and lateral fpikes. St. Curt. 1024 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. Curl. v. 58; S. ramojum. — Leers 13. 11, a branch. — H. ox. viii. 13. row 2. 1. — C. B. ih. 228. — Dod. 601. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 41. 3; ic. i. 80. 1, Cer. em. 45. 1, and cop. in park. 1205. 1, and Pet. 72. g. — Cam. epit. 732 ,—J. B. ii. 541. 1. — Mntth. ggo. — Cer. 41. 1. — ( Trag . C77. 1, cop. in Louie, i. 173.3, is a fpecies of Carex.J What is moft commonly met with is about a foot high. The largeft plant I ever faw of it was nearly of the height of a man. Whether thefe are fpecifically different fhould be examined. Linn. — Leaves fiat towards the end. Threads longer than the empale- ment. — Fertile Flowers: Empal. leaves ftrap-lhaped, and channelled at the bafe, circular, concave and Hefhy above. With. Sparganium ramojum. H u d s . Curt. Ditches, marfhes, and banks of rivers. P. July. Horfes and Swine eat it. Cows are not fond of it. Sheep and Goats refufe it. lejfer SPARGA'NIUM .Jim'plex. Leaves fword-fh’aped, flat. Stem Ample. Huns. — Leaves triangular at the bafe, the Ades flat. Fruit-ftalks Ample. Curt. — Leaves 3-fquare at the bafe. Mr. Woonw.* — Fruit-ftalks with 1 flower, leaflefs at the bafe. Sr.f Curt. v. 58. — Dod. 601. 3, repr. in Lob. obf. 41. 4; ic. i. 80. 2, Ger. em. 45. 2, and cop. in Park. 1206. 2, J. B. ii. 541. 2, Cer. 41.2, and Pet. 72. 10, (FI. dan. 260, is S. nalansj and the f pike again in Park. 1205. 2, in the lowermojl corner ; and imitated in H. ox. viii. 13. row 2. 2. Stem feldom one fourth fo high as that of S. ereftum. Leaves inclining more to yellow, the 2 under fides near the bafe quite flat, fo that when the leaf is cut tranfverfely the fedtion is a trian- gle with nearly plain fides. Fruit-Jlalks fometimes more than an inch long. Heads yellow before they blow, larger in proportion Jhan thole of S. crcclum. Curt. — Heads, the lowermoft on fruit- llalks, moftly 2, proceeding from the fpace between the leaves, fometimes nearer to that below, and fometimes to that above, the lowermoft; fometimes 3 inches long; thofe above fitting. St. Marfhy places, and fides of pools, particularly fuch as one finds on heaths, and have been old gravel pits. P. July. * Foliis bafi triquetris. Mr. Woodward. f Peduncu’lis Unifloris, bafi aphyllis. St. SPAR- Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. 1025 SPARG A'NIUM na'tans. Leaves drooping, flat, floating Linn. — Fruit-ftalks with i flower, from the bofom of the leaves. St. * FI. dan. 260. — Pet. 72. 11. In marfhes it is a fmall tender plant with upright or trailing leaves; but in lakes its leaves float to' a fathom and more in length, appearing quite like a different plant. Li nn.— The flowering item very {lender, not rifing more than 6 inches above the water; un- divided; fupporting a few balls of fitting flowers, andthofenot larger than a pea. Leaves flat, floating on the water to a confider- able length. Mr. Woodward. Sparganinm fimplex natans [3 Huns. Pools, lakes, and flow rivers about Norwich. Llanberys, and in Yorkfhire and Weftmoreland. [St. Faith’s Newton. Mr. PlTC.HFORD.] P. July. * , 1137. CA'REX. Seg. B. Barren Flowers forming a fpike. Empal. Catkin oblong ; tiled; conflfting of Scales, each* including a Angle flower ; fpear-fhaped ; Tharp ; con- cave ; permanent. Bloss. none. Chives. Threads 3; briflle-fhaped ; upright; longer than theincloflng feale. Tips upright ; Jong; ftrap-fhaped. F. Fertile Flowers the fame, but fometimes on difincl plants. F.mpal. Catkin as above. Bloss. Petals none. Honey-cup blown up ; oblong egg-fhaped ; with 2 or 3 teeth at the end ; contradted towards the upper part ; mouth open ; permanent. Point. Seed-bud 3-cornered ; within the honey-cup. Shaft very fhort. Summits 3 or 2 ; awl-fhaped ; bent in- wards ; long; tapering;, downy. S. V ess. none. The Honey-cup enlarging contains the feed. Seeds Angle; egg-fhaped; pointed; 3-cornered; one of the angles generally fmaller. Ess. Char. B. Catkin tiled. Empal. 1 leaf. Blofs. o. F. Catkin tiled. Empal. 1 leaf. Blofs. o. Honey-cup inflated, with 2 teeth. Summits 3. Seed 3-fquare, within the honey-cup . - * Pedunculis unifloris, axillaribus, St, Ous. 102 6 monoEcia triandria. Obs. In fome fpecies the two kinds of flowers are found upon the fame fpike; but in others they are upon different fpikes. Linn. — ( See the Plate of Grades.) * Spike ftngle , fimple . Linn. — Shaft cloven. Leers. Mr. Woodw. — Seeds convex on one fide, fat on the other, Leers, and the fame in the next divifon. -j- Carex panica /3 Mr. Woodward. St. fmall CA'REX dioi'ca. Spike fimple. The flowers with only chives and the flowers with only pointals on diftinft plants. — FL dan. 369. — H. ox. viii. 12. 22, plant with only chives. — ib. 3 6, plant with only pointals. — Scheuchz. 11. g and 10. — (Mich. 32. 1, barren plant ; 2, fertile plant.) Straiv a hand’s breadth high. Leaves briftle-fhaped. Barren fpike ftrap-fhaped, half an inch long; fertile fpike egg-fhaped, one fourth of an inch long. Lyons. — Leaves not more than half as long as the Item. Fertile plant taller than the barren one. Spike corrjpadl, tiled. Capfules not expanding, flightly ferrated towards the upper part. Shaft fhort. Summits bent back. Mr. Woodw. • — Leaves and draw 3-cornered. Turf bogs. [Meadows, Marham, Norfolk. Mr. Cro\ve. — Boggy meadows, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P. June, July. round-headed CA'REX capha'ta. Spike fimple, egg-fhaped, with fertile and barren flowers ; the barren flowers forming the upper part. Capfules between tiled and open. — ( H . ox. viii. 12. 36. — FI. dan. 372. — Mich 32. 2, are referred to by Linnaeus , but FI. dan. 372, from the hairs at the bafe of the feed-bud jhould feem to be a Scirpus ; and in H. ox. and Mich, the fpikes are cylindrical inftead of egg-f taped, and are fertile plants of C. dioica, in which opinion 1 am Jince confirmed by Mr. Woodward.) Very fimilar to C. dioica, but the fpike exadlly egg-fhaped, and not cylindrical. Linn. — I fufpedl that the plants which have been hitherto difeovered in Great Britain, have been only fertile indi- viduals of C. dioica. Mr. Woodward. Turfy bogs. Marfhy places near Hinton and Feverfham, Cam- bridgefhire. Sherley Common, near Croydon. P. June. flea CA'REX puiica'ris. Spike fimple, with fertile and barren flowers ; the barren flowers forming the upper part. Capfules ftraddling, bent back. — - l.eers Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. 1027 1 * Leers 14. 1. — H. ox. viii. 12. 21. — Mich. 33. 1. — Tluh. 34. 10. • — FI. dan. 166, in fioiver. — Scheuchz. it. 9, in jloivcr , 10, in fruit; a. b. c. parts of fructification. Straw cylindrical, flattifh on one fide. Barren fiowers falling off tvhen out of bloffom. Capfules pointed, when bent back give the ftraw the appearance of a different plant, bearing no fmall refemblance to a harpoon. Linn. — Sira® naked, 6 to 18 inches high. Leaves briftle-fhaped, bright green, in tufts, half as long as the ftraw. Spike , the barren part llender, clofely tiled. Scales pale brown, membranaceous at the edge. Barren Flowers: Scales fomewhat oval. Chives moftly 3 . Fertile Flowers: Scales broad at the bafe, embracing the feed-bud, tapering to a point. Shaft extending be- yond the capfule. Summits bent back. Capfules longer than the fcales, at firft preffed to, afterwards expanding, at lafl bent back, in which ftate fhining brown, fpear-fhaped both ways, at a little diftance much refembling a flea. Mr. Woodward. Turfy and muddy bogs. Sides of Ingleborough and other mountainous fituations. Curt.— [Boggy meadows, Norfolk, and near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. — Malvern Chace. Mr. Ballard. St.] P. June. C A' REX paucifio'ra. Spike Ample, with barren and 'few flowered fertile flowers. Fertile fiowers moftly 3, at a little diftance from each other, expanding ; 1 barren one terminating Li ghtfoot. — Spike oblong, with the male flowers in the upper part. Capfules oblong, taper-pointed, open. Huds. Lightf. C. 2, at p. 77. Root branched. Straw 4 inches high, upright, triangular, leafy, fcored. Root-leaves few, fword-fhaped, pointed, naked; ftem-leaves 2, fborter than the ftraw. Spike terminating, upright. Barren Flowers 2 or 3, brown; fertile fiowers 3 to 5, greenifh. Huds. Carex patula. Huds. 402 and 657. St. Boggy foil half way up Goatfield mountain in the Ifle of Arran, near a place where peat is dug in the afcent from Brodwick CafUe. Found alfoby Sir Jofeph Banks on the coaft of Labradon. Lightf. — Mountainous heaths. Near Glafgow. Huds. P. June. ** Spike compofed of both fertile and barren fiowers. Linn. — Summits, moftly 2. Mr. Woodward. — f Carex atrata. CA'REX incur'va. Spike conical. Spikets cluftered, (( curved with barren and fertile florets, fitting. Fence none. Straw bowed in. Lightf. 1028 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. Lightf. 24. 1, alp. 544. — Scheuchz. prodr. 4. 3, has a very clofe affinity to the former, and lam inclined to believe it will be found. . to differ only from growing in an alpine in/lead of a maritime fili- ation.— What is FI. dan. 432 ? Deep loofe fea fand at the mouth of the water of Naver, and near Skelherry in Dunrofnefs in Shetland. Hope in f. foot. P. July, Aug. foft CA'REX ftp ticket. Spike compound, nearly 2 -rowed. Spikets egg-fhaped , fomewhat tiled, with barren and fer- tile flowers. Floral-leaves longer than the fpikets. Straw 3-fquare. Huns. — The lower fpikets remote, and as the terminating one fertile, the upper tiled and barren. St.* Leers 14. 2. — Mich. 33. 3, in fruit. — Pluk. 34. 7, bad. — Park. 1172. 4, very bad. — Ger. 8. 2, can hardly have been intended for it. Spikets 12 to 20, the lower more diftant, the upper tiled, egg- fhaped. Huds. — Spike ruft-coloured, foft to the touch. Ray. St. — Straws- above a foot high, fomewhat leafy, naked upwards, rough. Leaves as long as the ftraw. Spike upright, at length nod- ding. Spikets 20 or 30, fitting, oblong, taper pointed, yellowifh ruft-coloured, the lower more diftant, alternate, the 2 lowermoft and the terminating one with all the florets fertile, when ripe egg- fhaped and thicker; 2 or 3 in the middle with fertile flowers and fome barren ones at the end, the upper 15 to 20, crowded, with only barren flowers. Floral-leaves, 1 at the bafe of each fpiket, fpear-fhaped, taper pointed, the 2 or 3 lowermoft egg-fhaped, fometimes terminating in a briftle-fhaped leaf juft longer than the fpiket. Scales of the barren flowers lpear-fhaped, of the fertile flowers egg-lhaped. Honey-cup rough at the edge. Capfules egg- fhaped, taper-pointed, with fharp edges, cloven at the end. Leers. St. — Refembles C. leporina in habit. Straw ufually taller, 3-fquare, angles more acute. Spike longer. Spikets more numer- ous, fmaller, more fpear-fhaped, fometimes found proliferous; the upper much crowded. Floral-leaf ufually longer than the fpike, not always prefent, and in their place broad oval fpear-fhaped fcalcs, of a deeper brown than thofe of C. leporina. Shaft divided to the bafe, whereas in C. leporina only about i-qth of its length. Mr. Woodward. — Floral-leaves generally longer than the fpiket, often fhorter and fometimes longer than the fpike. St. * Spica compofita, fpiculis inferloribus remotioribus cum terminali an- ' dro“vnis, imermediis confeuis mafculis. St. Carex Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. Carex arenaria, Leers n. 706. St. Marfhes. [Near Bungay, Suffolk, frequent. Mr. Wood w. — Boggy meadows on the fide of Malvern Chace, Worcefterlhire. Mr. Ballard. St.] P. May, June. (i Huds. — Carex ciuerea, which fee. CA'REX arena'ria. Spike compound. Spikets of fea fertile and barren flowers, the lowermoft more remote and with a leaf longer than the fpiket. Straw 3-cornered. — Mich. 33. 4, in fruit.— Pluk. 34. 8 .—f Leers 14. 2, is C. dijlicha , and FI. dan. 425, a very different plant.) Root creeping, thread-fhaped, fimple, horizontal, jointed, about 4 inches beneath the furface of the ground; joints rather diftant, and from each joint rifes a jointed Jlem, which beneath the furface is covered with brown (heaths, and even with the furface it fends out many leaves, the outer ones fhort, the inner ones narrow and as tall as the jbraw, which is naked, without knots; fupporting the fpike at the end. Spike of a ruft-colour, generally nodding. Spikets egg-avvl-fhaped, fitting, the lower fo far feparate as to (hew the A raw. Floral-leaves, 1 at the bafe of each fpiket, the lowermoft fitting, not fhea thing", as long as the compound fpike, thofe above gradually fmaller. Linn. — Root about the fize of a pack-thread, creeping in the dry fand to a great length, with a brown ragged bark; knots about 3*4ths of an inch diftant, not every one throw- ing out leaves or fibres. Leaves fomewhat rolled in at the edge, in tufts arifing from a brown, dry, withered fheath. Straw rifing from amongft the leaves. Spike 1 to 2 inches long, generally bent. Spikets 4 to 10, oval-fpear-fhaped, the upper crowded, and without floral-leaves. Floral-leaves, the lowermoft generally fhorter than theTpike, the next above, and fometimes the 2 next alfo, as long as the fpikets. Scales oval-fpear-fhaped, pointed, yellowifh brown with a green keel. Chp/afwfpear-fhaped, fhorter than the feales, convex on the upper, flat on the lower fide, flightly cloven at the end. Shaft divided as it iffues from the capfule. Summits bent back. Mr. Woodward. (C. arenaria of Leers is C. dijlicha. St.) In loofe moveable fand on the fea-fhore. [Sea beach at Yarmouth and Loweftoft. Mr. Woodward.] P. June. CA'REX lepori'na. Spike compound. Spikets fitting, naked egg-fliaped, near each other, alternate, compofed of barren and fertile flowers. — VoL n- 3 X h. ox. IO29 ■i 103° / MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. H. ox. viii. 12.29, with a feparate fpike. — Scheuch. 10. 15, but the fpikets larger than I have ever feen them. — Leers 14. 6. — Ger. ig. 6, cop. in C. B. th. 88 ? with a floral-leaf. Spikels too dif- tinct and too expanding.— Lob . ic. i. 19. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 21. 6, and cop. in Park. 1267.8, is C. divija. — FI. dan. 294,* is a different plant ; and 371, is C. jlava. — Seguier 1.2, the figure on the left hand, is C. pracox of Schreb. fpicil. p. 63, a different plant from C. prcecox of Jacquin.) Spikets 5 or 6. Chaff Separating the florets, grey, longer than the feeds. Shifts bowed in. Linn. — -Spike compofed of from 3 to 7 fpikets. Floral-leaf at the bale of the lowermoft fpiket as long as the fpike, falling off. Huds. — Root matted. Strau-s frequently feveral together, leafy below, above naked, triangular. Stem-leaxtes alternate, fheathing, the uppermoft nearly even with the flem. Spikets alternate. Floral-leaves, frequently one at the bafe of the lowermoft fpiket, nearly a,s long as the fpiket, foon falling off; the reft fimilar to the feales, only broader and longer. Scales oval fpear-fhaped, fhining, yellowifh brown, with a green keel, mem- branaceous at the edge, the upper in each fpiket longer and more pointed. Shaft extending beyond the capfule. Summits fhort. Capfules fhorter than the feales. Mr. Woodward. — Straw 12 to 16 inches high, hollow. Marfhes and watery places. P. June. great CA'REX vulpi'na. Spike more than doubly com- pound ; leaft compact in the lower part. Spikets egg- fhaped, congregated, compofed of fertile and barren flowers, the barren flowers placed above. Linn. — Spikes compound. Spikets with fertile flowers below, and bar- ren above, oblong, near together. Capfules diverging, forked at the end. Sr.f « Spike doubly compound. Empalements awned. Sr. Leers 14. 5. — Ii. ox. viii. 12. 24. — Mich. 33. 13. I have never feen the fpikes at Jo great a difiance from each other. It is pojjibly a difiinSl variety. — Barr. 1 14, feems to be 4 different plant. * Not the plant, the feales being bluntly oval, the floral-leaves not at all refembling thofe of C. leporina. Mr. Woodward. t Spica compofita, fpiculis androgynis bafi femineis oblongis, approxi- matis, capfulis divergentibus, apice furcatis; confideting with Linnseus, Haller, and Scopoli, the C. fpicala of Hudfon and C, vulpina, as one and the fame plant. St. Straw Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. Straw thick, firm. Spike thick, rough on all Tides. Leaves, the fheaths terminated by a pointed, ‘tongue as in the Graffes. Linn. — Leaves bright green, fet with minute teeth pointing upwards, in a thick tuft. Stem i to 2 feet high, 3-fquare, the fides fome- what concave, the angles fliarp, and near the fpike fet with mi- nute teeth pointing upwards. Spike, or rather panicle, fhort and clofe. Spikets fhort, numerous, the upper without floral-leaves or with a fcale broader than the reft at the bafe. Floral-leaves fome- times wanting, that at the bafe of the lowermoft fpiket, ftiff, tri- angular-awl-fhaped, half embracing the ftem at the bafe, mem- branaceous at the edge, the upper part green, fet with minute {harp teeth, the whole turning brown as the fpike ripens; thofe at the bafe of feveral of the lower fpikets fimilar, but l'maller. Scales fimilar in colour, egg-fhaped, broad at the bafe, tapering into an awn. Barren flowers in the upper part, and the fertile flowers in the lower part of each fpiket. Shaft deeply divided. Capfules obfcurely triangular, cloven at the end. Mr. Wooinv —Summits 2, in 2II the varieties. Scop. St. Marfhes and banks of rivers. P, May, June. Horfes and Goats eat it. Swine rcfufe it. fj Spike compact. Empalements awned. St. Mick. 33. 14. — Mont. F. H. Scirpoides. — Lob. ic. 19. r, repr. ir\ Ger. em. 21.5, and cop. in Park. 1266. 7.— G 'er'. ig. 5, cop. in C. B. th. 87.-7. B- 497- l~(Fl. dan. 308, Jhould feern to be a different plant. The lowermoft fpiket on a longifli fruit- flalk. — Scheuch. n. 4, is C. elongate.) Spikets, the lower generally compound, with fmaller ones at their bafe. St. Care x paluftris media, radice flbrofa, caule exquifile triangulari, fpica brevi compacliore. Mich. gen. 69.— C. fpicata, Hudfon, as it fhould feem at leaft from his character of fpikes contiguous, and his re- ference to the above figure of Micheli, though his citation of Ray would induce one to fuppofe it to be variety y. St. In the fame fituations with a. y Spikes left compact. Empalements pointed. St. Scheuckz. it. 5. — Leers 14. 3. — H. or.'viii. 12. 27, in flower.— Barr. 20. 3, with the lowermoft fpike— Mich. 33. R, laft but 2 on the right hand.- ( Mich 33. 5, is referred to by Meffrs. Lightfoot and Woodward, but the floral-leaf is bent back. The fpike refembles Fl. dan. 308.) Smaller than the preceding, which in many refpeefts it very much refembles. Spikes fmaller and lefs compaift. Straws lefs upright. Leaves narrow, and {horter than the ftraw. RAY.— Leaves, "the fheaths terminating on the bafe s f The fpecimen, Micheli informs us, was fent him from London by Sherard. Mr. Woodward. 3X3 . Spikets CO 4 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. Spikets, the lowermoft diftindt, of a whitifh green. Capfules e gg- fhaped. Hall. St. — Differs from C. elongata as follows : Spikets afh-coloured. Floral-leaves and fcales of a whitifli grey. Capfules upright, tiled, by no means diverging. Pollich. St —Spikets with barren flowers towards the bafe. Floral-leaves egg-fhaped, very fhort, whitifh, with a briftle-like end. Scales egg-fhaped, pointed. Capfules grey i fir green, fmall, flightly convex on both hides, pointed. Leers. St. Carex diflicha fi Huns. — C. elongata. Leers n. 71 1, Gmel. tub. 281 . — C. fpicis ovalis alternis, fupremis fe contingentibus. Hall. hift. n. 1360. — C. brizoides, according to Hudfon, who refers, however, to different fynonyms than thofe cited by Linnaeus. — C. canefcens, according to Lightfoot and Oeder. — Gramen cyperoides elegans Jpica compofita molli. Pluk. aim. p. 178. R. fyn. 423. St. Marfhy and watery places, but rather rare. P. June. prickly CA'REX murica'ta. Spikets fomewhat egg-fhaped, fitting, remote, with barren and fertile flowers. Capfules pointed, diverging, thorny. Linn.— Barren flowers at the bafe of the fpikets. Floral-leaves fhorter than the fpike. St.* Scheuchz. 11. 3, a [pike. — Leers 14. 8. — FI. dan. 284, in fruit.f — Mick. 33. 1 1 and 9. — C. B. th. xoo. 1, cop. in J. B. ii. 510. 1. — (H.o. r. viii. 12.26, and Barr. 20. 2, are C. canefcens. — H. ox. viii. 12. 27, is C. fpicata. — Park. 1172. 5, is mere like a Gramen. J Floral-leaves, the lowermoft a fcale, terminating in a very flen- der leaf, from 1 line to finch long. Scheuch. St. — Straws when the fruit is ripe fometimes a foot high. Spikets with barren flowers at the bafe, and fertile ones above. Capfule egg-fhaped, taper- pointed. Leers. St. — Straw fomewhat leafy, 3-cornered, Leers, Mr. Wo odward — not rough to the touch. Leaves on the lower part of the ftraw, the uppermoft fometimes riling above the ftraw. Spikets feldom more than 4, at equal diftances, the fpaces equal to , or but little exceeding the length of the fpikets. Floral-leaves frequently wanting, or in their place a fcale larger than the reft at the bafe of each fpiket. Scales oval fpear-fhaped, not very pointed, brown, with a green keel, membranaceous at the edge. Shaft divided at quitting the capfule. Summits 2, bent back. Cap- fules much longer than the fcales, acutely pointed, at firft fomewhat tiled, but when ripening much ftraddling. Mr. Woodward. — Straw * Spiculis bafi mafeulis, brafteis fpica brevioribus. f Too large. Mr. Woodward. > St. I Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. 1035 Straw full green; corners above, microfcopically ferrated; when the fruit is ripe from one half to one foot high. Leaves full green, microfcopically ferrated at the edge.fome as long as the ftraw. Flo- . ral-leaves , the lowermofl generally fhortev than the fpiket, butfome- times as longagain, and in one inftance juft longer than the fpike. Scales egg-fhaped, pointed, the lowermofl: the broadeft, brovvnilh yellow, membranaceous and whitifh at theedge; keel palegieen. Capfule yellowifh brown, fomewhat flatted, at firft light 3-fquare, but really convex on both (ides, and bordered, with an acute riling edge, bending inwards, and towards the end bearded with fhort points directed upwards; without marked with obfcure lines; the end with 2 obfcure teeth. Sides of wet ditches and marlhy places. P. July. Horfes and Goats eat it. , 1 1 CA'REX remo'ta. Spikes egg-fhaped, moftly fitting, remote at a diftance from each other, compofed of fertile and barren flowers. Floral-leaves as tall as the ftiaw. H. ox. viii. 12. 17. — Leers 15. 1 —FI. dan. 370.— Mick. 33. 16 and 17. — Pink. 34. 3. Spikes very fmall, the lower often on fhort fruit-ftalks. Linn. — A very elegant plant. Stems feveral together, 1 to 2 feet high, {lender, weak, 3-cornered, leafy below, above the lowermofl floral-leaf rough, below fmooth. Leaves numerous, {lender. Spikes 5 to 8, lifting, fpear-fhaped, the 3 or 4 lowermofl in the bofom of the floral-leaves, the upper naked. Floral-leaves, the lowermofl longer than the ftem, the 2 or 3 next above gradually fhorter than the lowermofl. Scales fpear-fhaped, when young with a green keel, and filvery membranaceous edges, when the feeds ripening yellowifh. Shaft divided about the point of the capfule into 2 fummits. Capfule longer than the feales. Mr. Wood wa r d . — Leaves, edges with exceedingly fine teeth. With. Moift woods and tides of wet ditches. P. Juty* CA'REX divulfa. Spikets roundifh, with barren grey and fertile flowers, the lower remote. Floral-leaves hair-like. Capfules pointed, upright. St.* * Spiculis fubrotundit androgynis inferioribus rcraotis, bradeis capilla- tibiu, capfulis acutis eredis. St. 3X4 Barr. [ 1036 i MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. Barr. 20.2, with the uppermojl of the 2 /epar ale /pikes. — Mich. 33. 10- — H. ox. viii. 12. 26, but the fi oral-leaves too broad , and is /aid by Linnceus to be a tolerable refemblance of C. loliacea.—( FI. dan. 285, is C. cinerea, the /pikes being egg-oblong and tiled.) Floral-leaves, that from the bafe of the lowermoft fpiket very nar- row, and hair-like. Ray, hijl. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves fome- times as long, or longer than the ftraw. Straws 9 inches to a foot high, (lender, fomewhat reclining on the ground. Spike long, interrupted. Spikets 6 or 7, fmall, fitting, the lower ones confi- derably diftant. Ray. Mr. Woodward. — Straw 3-fquare. Leaves as long as the draw. Spikets roundifh, pointed, the lowermoft e§g'fiiaPed. Floral-leaves, that at the bafe of the lowermoft fpikets longer than the fpiket. Cap/ules pointed. Lyons.— Floral-leaves, that at the bafe of the lowermoft fpiket, fometimes as long or longer than thefpike. Mr. Wood w ard. — Plant deep green. Leaves rather ft iff, bowed outwards, belet with minute points at the edge. Straws 8 inches to if foot high, ftiffilh, bowed as the leaves; cor- ners rough with minute points diretfted upwards. Floral-leaves , the lowermoft in one inftance ftrap-fhaped like the ftem-leaves, the upper fhorter than the fpikets. Spike very frequently, if not generally, branched at the bafe; the branch fupporting 2 or 3 fpikets, and reaching to the infertion of the next fpiket above. Scales egg-fhaped, .finely pointed, alh-coloured, with a green rib, gloffy, often reddifh brown at the Tides, white and membra- naceous at the edges. Cap/ules egg-fhaped, taper pointed, fmooth, fomewhat fhining, convex without, flat on the inner fide; edges fharp, befet towards the end with a few fcattered points, the end cloven, a little longer than the fcales, at firft pale green, when ripe darkifh brown. St. Carex cane/cens, Huds. — but the C. cane/cens of Linnaeus is cha- racfterifed as having bluntifh capfules, and Pollich defcribes them thus : “ Capfules at firft upright, but expanding and diverging “ as they ripen.” — C. loliacea, Schreb. fpicil. 64? — Cramen cype- roides /picalum minus, /pica longa divul/a /eu interrupt. R. fyn. 424. — ( C. cane/cens, Leers, is C. vulpina y, as is evident from the diverg- ing capfules. — C. cane/cens, Lightfoot, is C. cinerea.) St. Moift fhady places. [Common in woods and hedges in Norfolk and Suff. Mr. Woo dw. — Alio in meadows. St.] P. May, June. paniclcd CA'REX fanicula'ta. Bunch compound. Spikets with barren and fertile flowers. — Scheuch. pr. 8. 2. — Leers 14. 4, in fruit. — H. cx. viii. 12. 23. — Mich. 33. 7. Stems ) Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. 1037 Stems numerous, i to 3, and fometimes 4 feet high, naked above, 3-fquare, minutely ferrated at the edge. Root-leaves in a thick tuft, fometimes riling higher than the Hems, yellowilh green, terminating in a ftiff thorn-like point, minutely ferrated and cutting at the edge. Bunch 2 to 3 inches long, branched below, ufually terminating above in a Ample fpike; the branches one half to 1 inch long, with numerous fmall roundifh fpikets, clofely crowded. Floral-leaves awl-lhaped, fhort, greenifh, ufually r at thebafe of the lowermoft branch, and fometimes to 1 or 2 of thofe above. Scales egg- fhaped, blunt at the end, deep brown, mem- branaceous and fhiniog at the edges, clofely embracing the cap- fules. Summits 2. Capfules greenifh, longer than the fcales, ob- tufely triangular, tapering to a fharp cloven point. Mr. Woodw. . — Bunck more than doubly compound, upright, 4 inches long; the lowermoft bunches open, alternate. St. Rotten bogs, marfhy and watery places. P. June. 0 Bunch Ample. Hall. Pollich. Leers. Mr. Woodw-ard. Stem 1 to 2 feet high. Spikets, the lower diftant, the upper crowded. The colour of the fcales and capfules, the foliage and ftem prove it to belong to C. paniculata. Mr. Woodward. Carex fpica paniculata (3 Hall. hift. n. 1368. — Cyperoides palujlre, fpica laxa, minus. Scheuchz. p. 501, or rather a ftill more Ample variety of it. Mr. Woodward. Boggy ground with a. Mr. Woodward. (*) *** Spikes barren and fertile ; the fertile ones fitting. L 1 n n .—Shaft cloven into 3. Seeds %-fquare, Leers, (and in the following diviAons.) CA'REX fa'ua'. Spikes crowded, nearly fitting, yellow roundifh. The barren fpike narrow. Capfules pointed, bowed back. — Leers 15. 6. — J. B. ii. 498. 1.— C. B. th. 109. — FI. dan. 371. — Lob. ic. i. 15. 1, repr. in Ger. em. 17. 1, and cop. in Park. 1187. 2. Stem 2 inches to a foot high, numerous, declining, in the fmaller plants leafy up to the fpike, but in the larger ufually naked up- wards, triangular, notrough to the touch. Leaves pale yellowifh green. Barren fpike clofely tiled. Scales numerous, yellowifh brown, bluntly oval, with one longer and larger, pointed and fometimes awned at the bafe. Fertile [pikes 3 or 4, at firft roundifh, afterwards oval; fcales oval-fpear-fhaped, yellowifh brown, with a green keel and membranaceous edges; the lower on fruit-ftalks, the * C. atrata fhould feem to belong to this fub-divifion, but Linnaeus, as -Haller remarks, has placed it in a different one. St. 1038 mountain MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. the upper fitting, in the fmall plants from the bofom of the leaves, and the lowermoft fometimes almoft at the root. Floral-leaves , in the larger plants 3 at the bafe of the lowermoft long, expanding, thofe above fhorter, bent back. Capfules fhort and thick, tapering to a point, pale greenifti yellow. Shaft divided nearly to the bale into 3 fummits. Mr. Wood wa r d. — Fertile fpike, fometimes only t. Floral-leaves, the lowermoft often rifing above the end of the ftem. Barren fpike with fometimes fertile, flowers at the lower part. Fertile fpike, fometimes only 1. St. Gramen paluftre aculeatum' genaanicum, vcl minus. Bauh. pin. 7. — Gramen cyper aides paluftre aculeatum. H. ox. III. p. 243. St. Marfh hedge-hog Grafs .. — Marfhes and wet meadows. P. June. 1 3 Huds. Larger. R. fyn. H. o.t. viii. 12. ig. Stem fometimes if foot high. Dill. in R. fyn. Cyperoides echinatum majus. K. fyn. 421. — Gramen paluftre aculeatum, Italicum, majus. Bauh. theatr. no. (St.) Plentifully in 3 meadow near Cambridge. R. fyn. CA'REX monla'na. Fertile fpikes fitting, moflly folitary, egg-fhapecl, near to the barren fpike. Straw naked. Capfules downy. — Leers 16. 6.— -Mich. 32. 3. — Scheuchz. 10. 8 and 9. 1 have not feen the plant. — (FI. dan. 444, is C. pilulifcra.J When it grows luxuriantly covers wide patches of ground. Straws thread-like, naked, a fpan high. Leaves (ok, of a yellower green than thofe of any of the other fpecies; Jlem -leaves very fhort. Barren fpike terminating, on a fruit-ftalk, fomewhat cylindrical, brown. Fertile fpike near the fruit-ftalk of the barren fpike, black when ripe. Scales brown. Seeds juft perceptibly hairy, hunched, ftraddling. Linn. — Leaves thread-lhaped. Murr. — Root creeping. Straw upright, 3-fquare, leafy at the bafe, naked upwards. Root- leaves numerous ; Jlcm-leaves 2 or 3, ftrap-fhaped, rough at the edge, naked, fea-green. Floral-leaf at the bafe of the lowermoft fpike as long as the fpike. Barren fpike oblong, blackifli brown. Fertile fpikes 2 or 3, near together, fitting, egg-fhaped. Scales blackifh purple, bluntifh, naked. Capfules tiled, egg-fhaped, 3-fquare, bluntifh, pale, herbaceous, woolly. Habit that of C. pilulifera. Hr. us. — Leaves pale green, or ycllowifh green, and fome- times nearly fea-green.' Scheuch.— This reconciles the different accounts of Linmeus and Hudfon. St. ( Carex monlana, Lightfoot, is C. prcecox. — Reyg. gcd. i. /'• 224.71. 5, churatfterifed as having- fmooth. feeds, muft be a different plant.) St. Mountainous Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. 1039 Mountainous meadows and heaths. Near Sedberg, York- fhire. P. June. CA'REX tomento'fa. Fertile fpikes moftly 011 fruit- downy (talks. Capfules nearly globular, cottony. — Leers 1 5. 7. — Scheuch. 10. x 1, at p. 457, is referred to C.fliformis by Linnaeus , but Mr. Lightfool alledges that both the defcripdon and fgure agree with his fpecimens of C. tomentofa. By Haller it is referred to C. ccefpitofa. — Mich. 32. 13, according to Linnceus, is a better reprefentation of it than of C. pallefcens, to which he refers it. It has the outward appearance of C. panicea. Straw 3-fquare. Leaves narrow. Barren fpike terminating, oblong, of a patifh ruft- colour. Fertile fpikes 2, alternate, oblong, upright, on fhort fruit-ftalks. Floral-leaves as long as the part of the draw above their infertion. Follicles or capfules fomewnat globular, or fome- what egg-fhaped, hardly taper pointed, remarkably cottony, being befet with very fhort foft hairs. Seeds fmooth, nearly globular, with a flight protuberance at the end. Linn. Lightf. — Barren fpike dark brown. Fertile fpikes fitting, at leaf! when in flower. Capfules, before they are ripe, oval fpear-fhaped, cloven at the end, very downy. Lightfoot. Cyperoides anguflfolium montanum,folliculis feminum villofis. Scheuch. 423, but our plant differs from it in the floral-leaves being longer, than the fpikes. Linn. At the South end of Air Links. Dr. Hope in fl. fcot. P. July. CA'REX pilulif'era. Spikes terminating, crowded, pill-bearing roundifh ; the barren one oblong. — H. ox. viii. 12. 16. — Fl. dan. 444. — Pluk. 91. 8. Root-leaves foft, fhort, 1 or 2 longer. Spikes black; the fertile ones 3 or 4, nearly globular. Floral-leaves longer than the fpikes. Gunn. — Barren fpike Angle; fertile ones 3 or 4, fitting, near toge- ther. Capfules egg-fhaped. Floral-leaf longer than all the fpikes. Lyons. — Leaves in a thick tuft, bright green, the longefl fcarcely half as long as the Item. — Stem triangular, (lender,, not rough. Barren fpike flendcr, 4 or 5 lines long, clofely tiled, fitting. Scales numerous, oval fpear-fhaped, blunt, brown, with a green keei, membranaceous at the edge. Fertile fpikes 2 to 4, globular, the lowermoff fomewhat diflant, the reft clofely crowded together. •Scales obtufely oval, but taper pointed, darker than thofe of the barren fpikes, and, when the capfules are ripe, almoft black. Capfules nearly globular, tapering to a fhort point, with 3 obfolete angles, fmooth on the inner, downy on the outer fide. Shaft divided 1040 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. divided almoft to the bafe into 3 fummits. Floral-leaves awl-fhaped, that at the bafe of the lowermoft fpike nearly as long as the whole compound fpike, the next above fhorter. Mr. Woonw. — Straw fomewhat afcending at the bafe. Scales of the fertile'fpikes egg- fhaped, finely pointed; keel green, reddifh brown on each fide, membranaceous and whitifh at the edges. Capfule greenifh, nearly globular, but tapering to a point each way, nightly downy when viewed with a glafs, particularly along the lateral angles, lefs fo on the outer fide; the lateral ribs the ftrongcft, the inner one but juft: perceptible. Seed filling the fcavity of the capfule. St. Moift paftures and heaths, and moorifh ground. [Bath Hills, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P.June, July. jS Huds. Larger. Spikes twice as large. Does not feem to be fpecifically different. Dill, in R. fyn. * * * * Spikes barren and fertile, the fertile ones on fruit-Jlalks. black CA'REX atra'la. Spikes with barren and. fertile flowers, on fruit-ftalks, when in flower upright, when in fruit pendant. — • FI. dan. 158. — Scheuchz. 11. 1 and 2. Root-leaves numerous, broad. Spikes and empalement brownifh black. Capfule yellow. Linn. — Leaves afh-colourcd fea-green, when dried yellowifh green; edges rough. Straws fmooth, clothed with leaves from if to 2 inches from the root, naked upwards. Floral-leaves, the lowermoft about an inch long, thofe above gra- dually fhorter and brownifh. .Spikes from 4 lines to half an inch long, and 2 or 2f lines thick. Scales brownifh black, with a very fine line of a lighter hue running along the middle. Capfulcs grow- ing black as they ripen, (lightly compretfed, taper - pointed. Scheuch. St. — Stem triangular. Leaves, the upper often longer than the ftem. Floral-leaves narrow, the.lowermoft embracing the ftem at the bafe,^as long as the fpikes, thofe above fhorter.' Fruit- Jtalks, the lowermoft long, thofe above gradually fhorter. Spikes oval fpear-fhaped, when in flower rifing nearly to the fame height, the uppermoft without floral-leaves, unequal, frequently 1 or 2 final! ones beneath the uppermoft; the upper with barren flowers at the bafe, the reft moftly compofed of fertile flowers. Scales fpear-fhaped, black, with a brown . keel, but viewed in a ftrong light of an extremely rich reddifh brown. Chives 2. Tips long, upright, much longer than the empalement. Summits moftly 3, foinetimes 2. Mr. Woodward ,-r-Scales egg-oblong. Capfules a little longer than the empalements, brownifh black, but at the very bafe and the edges towards the point ftraw-coloured, which latter parts extend beyond the edge of the empalement. St. Mountains \ Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. 104 Mountains of Wales, about Llanberis, plentifully. Highland mountains, frequent. P.June Aug. CA'REX digita'ta. Spikes ftrap-fhaped, upright ; fingered the barren one fhorter, and not riling fo high. Floral- leaves without any green leaf. Capfules diftant.'— Leers 16. 4.— C. B. pr. g. 2, repr. in th. 48.— Mich. 32. g ,—H. , ex. viii. 12. 15.— Scheuch. 10. 14, at p. 457. Leaves on the fialk very fhort. Barren fpike placed on the ftalk, as it were below the uppermoft fertile fpike. Linn. — Leaves in a thick tuft. Stems obfcurely triangular, flender, not rough, one half to one foot high, entirely naked, except fome reddifh brown leafy (heaths at the bafe. Barren fpike half an inch long, clofely tiled, from the fame (heath with the uppermoft fertile fpike, and being fhorter, over-topped by it. Scales numerous, yellowifh brown, membranaceous and filming at the. ends, and fo bluntly rounded as to feem lopped. Fertile fpikes 3 or 4, alternate, diftant, about an inch long, on fruit-ftalks. Florets alternate, diftincft. Scales like thofe of the barren fpikes, as long as the capfules. Capf. obfcurely triangular, greenifh at the bafe, yellowifh brown upwards, and tapering to a blunt point. Shaft divided half way down into 3 fummits. Mr. Woodward. Woods and fhady places. Near Bath. Mr. Sole. P. May, June. CA'REX limo'fa. Spikes egg-fhaped, pendant; the brown barren one longer, more upright. Root creeping. Linn. — Spikes when 111 flower upright . Air. Woodward. FI. dan. 646 .—Scheuchz. 10. 13.— Leers 15.3, p. p. /N are good reprefentaiions of the feed-bud and capfule , except that the neck if the capfule is reprefented as cloven to the bafe, (7 he panicle , cvc. are a reprefentaticn of what he conflders as a variety, and afford, no adequate idea of our plant.) — (FI. dan. 443, is C. panicea .) Similar in appearance to C. atrata, the fpikes in both being black. Leaves narrow, ftrap-fhaped. Floral-leaves brown, without a whitifh line along the middle. Shafts 3. Linn. — Root jointed, •throwing out at the joints long fibres, and tufts of leaves and ftems. Leaves long, bright green, rough, the uppermoft nearly as long as the ftem. Stems (lender, triangular, rough. Barren fpike: Scales fpear-ftiaped, the lowermoft awned, yellowifh brown with a green keel. Fertile fpikes loofely tiled, on long (lender fruit-ftalks. Scales oval fpear-fhaped, taper pointed, of a very 1 ich fhining brown, with a yellowifh green keel. Floral-leaves, 1 at the bafe of the lowermoft fpike, if more than 1, very flender, about an inch long. Capfules oval, bluntifh, bright fea-green. Summits long. 1042 capillary MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. Mr. Woodward. — Capfules elliptical, microfcopically rough with minute, blunt, very lhort points, lengthened out at the bafe into a point, rounded at the top, with a very fhort, cylindrical, yel- lowifh neck, the fides of the brim riling higher than the middle and giving the appearance of 2 teeth. St. Grame'n cyperoides fpica pendula minus. Bauh. pin. 85. L 1 n nv> Peat bogs and marfhes. Yorkfhire, Lancafhire, Weftmoreland, See. frequent. Hu d s. — T. ullybanchar, half a mile W^eft of Comrie near Grief. Mr. Stuart in fl. fcot. [Heydon, Norfolk. Rev. Mr. Bryant.] P. June. CA'REX capilla'ris. Spikes pendant; the barren one upright ; the fertile ones oblong, with the florets point- ing two ways. Capfules naked, taper pointed. — 11. dan. i08. Scop. 59. 1 152, at ii. p. 226. / have not feen the plant. Smaller, narrower and more delicate than C. pallefcens. Straw When in flower fhorter than the leaf, fcarcely a finger’s breadth high, with a tingle leaf, with 4 upright fpikes at the end, 1 barren and 3 fertile; but fome time after it becomes a fpan high, thread- like, upright, with a {ingle fheathing leaf fhorter than the ftem; and when the fruit is ripe a foot in height. Spikes on fruil-fialks; the fertile ones moflly 3. lloral-leaves gradually fniailer upwards, the uppermoft hardly leafy. The barren and the uppermoft /erfi/e /pike from the fame point. Capfules blown, alternate, remote, diflant, fixed to hair-like pedicles. Scales falling off when the capfules ripen. Linn. — Leaves as long as the ftraw, about a line in breadth. Barren f pike conical. Scales blunt, filvery, and along the middle of a cinnamon colour. Capfule nearly naked. Hall. — Straw 3 inches high. Spikes 3, with feldom more than 8 flowers. Capfule, angles' near the point roughifh. Scop. — Straw when in flower fcarcely a finger’s length, at laft a fpan long. Capfules fewer, alternate, at a little diflance from each other, nearly pointing from 2 oppofite lines. Leers. Carex capillaris u Leers n. 720, who confiders this, and I think juflly, as far as I who have not feen the C. capillaris can be a judge, to be the fame plant with the C. fylvalica of Hudfon. Above I have collecled from Haller and Scopoli the circumftances in which it appears moll to differ from the fylvalica, to enable botanifts, who may have the opportunity of examining it in its place of growth, to inform us whether the C, fylvalica of Hudfon mull affume or not the name of C. capillaris. Haller remarks, that Scheuchzer has not noticed it. He feems to have conlidered the above as one fpecies, as he deferibes the ftraw of C. fylvalica as varying in height from that of a fpan, to 2 feet and upwards. St. , Highland Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. 1043 Highland mountains, as Benteflcerney, Craigneulidl and Mal- ghyrdy in Breadalbane. Mr. Stuart in fl. fcot. P. July, Aug. CA'REX palle'fcens. Spikes pendant; the barren pale one upright; the fertile ones egg-fhaped, tiled. Capfules crowded, blunt, Linn. — hairlefs.* Fertile /pikes cylindri- cal. St. — Sometimes 2 barren /pikes. Mr. Woodward. Euk. 34. 5. — Mich. 32. 13.— -Leers 15. 4. — (H. ox, viii. 12. 18, is C. montana.J Not half fo {lender as C. capillaris. Leaves downy, broader than thofe of C. capillaris, t|iofe of the ftem fcarcely fheathing, extend- ing beyond the end of the ftem. Fertile /pikes all on fruit-ftalks, whitifh, oval, tiled on all ftdes, not 2-rowed. Capfules crowded, quite blunt, by no means taper pointed. Linn. — Stems many, 1 to 2 feet high, triangular, roughifh, leafy below, naked upwards, except that there is generally from about 1 to 2 inches below the fpikes, a kind of folfe jl oral-leaf limilar to the ftem-leaves, and proceeding from a joint of the ftem. Leaves in bundles from the root, yellowifh green, the lower fhort, the upper nearly as long as the ftem. Floral-leaves, the lowermoft about twice as long as the fpikes, thofe above gradually fmaller. Barren /pike f to ^ inch long, {lender, clofely tiled, with fometimes a {ingle fertile Bower at its bafe. Scales oval fpear-fhaped, yellowifh brown. Fertile fpikes 1 tog, the lowermoft on a very fhort {lender fruit-ftalk. Scaier oval, pointed, pale yellowifh brown with a green keel. Summits 3. Capfules oval, pale yellowifh green, Mr. Woodward — quite l’mooth, contracted at the neck, mouth very entire. St. Moift meadows and paftures. [Wet woods in Norfolk, fre- quent, and in Sexton Wood, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P. July. CA'REX prod cox. Jacq. — Spikes upright, nearly vernal fitting, near together; the barren one oblong, larger, Capfules downy. St.J- jfacq. Jl. 446. — Seguier. i. 1.3, at p . 69. — Lol>. ic. i. 10. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 22. 8, and cop. in Park. 1 160. 8 and 9. — (Fl. dan. 1 5 C),% and 4.03; H. ox. viii. 12. ix, and Mich. 32. 4, are different * Capfulis glaberrimis. St. -j- Spicis ereflis fubfeflilibus approximate, mafcula oblonga majore, capfulis pubefeentibus. St. t A much ftronger and larger plant than ours, with black capfules. Lightfoot. §t. — Not our plant. Mr. Woodward. .1044 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA, different plants. — Scheuch. io. 8 and 9, is C. montana. — FI. dan , 444, is C. pilulifera.) Leaves many, ftrap-fhaped, pointed, very entire, fomewhat channelled, embracing the ftem at the bafe, open. Straw 3-fquare, leaflefs, upright, about 6 inches high. Spikes upright. Scales ruft- coloured. Barren fpike 1 , as long again as the fertile ones. Scales blunt. Fertile Jpikes generally 2, fometimes only 1, nearly fitting, the uppermoft near to the barren one, the lower rather more dif- tant. Scales more pointed than thofe of the barren ones, and greener on the back. Tips ftraw-coloured. Shafts white, flightly hairy. Seeds oval, 3-fquare, when viewed in a glafs downy. Jacq. St. — Straw i£ to 7 inches high; edges befet above with foft points directed upwards. Leaves yellowifh green, fhorter than the ftem, bowed back, fmooth, but the younger befet at the edge with foft points directed upwards. Scales yellowifh brown, with a green keel. Barren fpike blunt, never with any admixture of fertile flowers. Scales oblong, pointed. Fertile [pikes fometimes 3, fometimes with barren flowers at the end or bafe. Scales egg- fhaped, taper pointed, finely pointed, and fometimes awn pointed. Capjules oblbng, 3-cornered, fomewhat pointed each way, efpeci- aliy towards the bafe, greenifh, with a tinge of yellow; mouth ruft-coloured, upright, very flightly cloven, ragged at the edge, not clofing upon the fhaft. St. Carex faxatilis, Hudfon. — C. montana, Lightfoot, Relhan, and Murr. in fyft. veg. but in C. montana the fertile fpikes are fitting, and the leaves one half to two thirds of a line broad. See Scheuch. p. 420. — C. globularis, Lyons fafc. p. 52. — C.foliis ccefpitofis brevibus fpicis confertis, petiolis ereclis brevibus, capfulis ovato-triquetris, Hall, hift. n. 1381, confirmed by a fpecimen given me by the fon of Profeffbr Jacquin, who, I believe, had it from M. Dick, of Switzerland. — Cyperoides vernum, caule rolundo-lriquelro, fpicis femi- nalibus denftoribus bhiis vel ternis, fquamis ferrugineis, obtufc mucronatis, et lamquam in arijlulam prolongatis, capfulis turbinatis, Jubhirfutis, trilate- ris. Mich. gen. p. 64. n. 70. Seguier i. p. 122. n. 9. — Cypercides alpinum, CaryophyllaUe foliis fpicis tenuibus e fufco rufefcentibus . Scheuch. 433. — (C. preecox, Schreb. fpicil. p. 63, though referred to by jacquin, is a fpecies with fpikes con fifing of barren and fertile fowers, and figured in Seguier 1.2, the figures on the lef t hand fide. — Hall. n. 1406, is a fpecies with feveral barren fpikes.) St. Mountainous meadows and heaths. [Dry gravelly hills, Norf. Mr. Woodward. — Dry paftures. St.] P. Apr. May. pink CA-'REX pamce'a. Spikes on fruit-flalks, upright, remote; the fertile ones ftnp-fhaped. Capfules bluntifh, inflated. — fL V Chives and Pointals Separate, III, Chives.' 1045 FI. dan. 443. — ib. 261, in fruit. — Leers 15. 5, in flower and fndt. — Mich. 32. 11. — Fluk. 91. 7. Capfules often affe<5led with the J'mut, in which cafe they are glo- bular, larger, black, full of a mealy powder. .Almoft all the other fpecies are liable to the fame difeafe, but in this it is as common as it is rare in the reft. Linn. — Root creeping, throwing out bundles of leaves and ftems from the joints. Steins bluntly trian- gular, fmooth, 12 to 18 inches high. Leaves fmooth, fea-green, fhorter than the ftem. Barren [pike terminating, more than an inch long, clofely tiled. Scales oval, reddifh brown, with mem- branaceous edges, and a whitifh green keel. Fertile /pikes moftly 2, upright, loofely tiled. Fruit-flalks long, (lender, each from a joint. Floral-leaves fheathing, 1 at the bafe of each fruit-ftalk, as long as the fpike which belongs to it. Flowers' alternate, many abortive. Scales egg-lhaped, or egg-fpear-fhaped, brown, with a broad whitifh green keel, membranaceous at the edges, not above half as long as the capfule. Summits 3. Capfules oval, bluntly pointed, whitifh green, when ripe brown or black. Mr. Woodw. — Spikes round, tapering towards each end. Capfules oval, fomewhat tapering to a point, when viewed in a microfcope rough with minute points towards the end, contracted at the point; mouth entire. St. Moift meadows and paftures, [frequent in Suff. Mr. Woodw.] P. June. ft Spike Angle, about 6 inches long, with barren flowers towards the end, with capfules below, refembling thofe of a, the lower ones diftant; the empaiement running out into an awl-fhaped expanding floral-leaf at the bafe of each. Mr. Woodward. Sr. [Boggy ground at Brington, Huntingdonfhire, growing among plenty of a. A fingle fpecimen. July, 1782. Near Bungay, Suff. 2 or 3 plants. 1786. Mr. Wood ward.] C A ' R E X Pfeudo-Cypc'rus. Spikes pendants Fruit-flalks haf.ard in pairs. Linn. — Spikes crowded ; the barren oneupright, the fertile cylindrical. Capfules awned, forked. Huns. Sr. — Fruit-flalks only fometimes in pairs.- Mr. Woodward. Dod. 339, repr. in Lob. ic. i . 76. 2, Ger. em. 29. 2, and cop. in Park . 1266. 4, and C. B. thl 85. — J. B. ii. 496. 3. — H. ox. viii. 12. a. Floral-leaves nearly briftle-fhaped. Capfules when ripe bent back, awl-fhaped, fcored, tapering and ending in a double thorn or awn, Linn. — Spikes, 1 from the bofom of each leaf. Ray. St. — Stems ii to 3 feet high, leafy below, naked above, triangular, edged with fharp teeth, with a joint near the top. Leaves forming thick tufts, long, broad, finely toothed, edges cutting. Floral- Faves fimilar to the other leaves, the lowermoft broad, often more Vol. II. 3 Y than 6 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. than a foot long, at the joint at the top of the ftem, thofe above narrower and fhorter. ‘Fertile /pikes from the bofom of the floral- leaves, at a fmall diftance one above the other, fometimes 2 together, the lowermoft on a long (lender fruit-ftalk, when in flower upright, when in fruit pendant, from 3 to 5, all riling to nearly the fame height; /coles green,, awl-fhaped, longer than the capfules, finely toothed at the edges, and toothed on the back. Cap/ules pale green, fpear-lhaped, obfcurely §-fquare, elegantly ribbed. Shaft divided into 3 fummits, fcarcely longer than the awns of the capfule. Barren Spike terminating, 2 inches long; /cales clofely tiled, yellowilh brown, terminated by a longawn, toothed like the ftem, and longer than the threads. Mr. Woodward. — Fruit-Jlalks thread-fhaped. Fertile /pikes pointing one way, green, rough, gradually fmaller upwards, the lower longer than the fruit-ftalks, the upper fhorter. Capfules fpear-egg-fhaped, fcored, fmooth, the awns at the point nearly upright, and fhorter than the capfule. Seed pale reddifh brown, thrice as fhort as the honey- cup. Barren Spike round, tapering each way, brown, fome- what fhorter than the fertile ones, nearly upright; /cales briftle- fhapcd, fomewhat awned at the end. St. Moift fhady places and banks of ditches.' P. June, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. pendulous C A ' R E X pen'-dula. Spikes nearly fitting, pendant ; the barren one upright ; the fertile ones cylindrical, very long. Capfules rbundifh, taper-pointed. Huds. — All the 1 pikes pendant.* Capfules oblong, ‘terminating /pike fre- quently with numerous fertile flowers towards the end. St. Curt. iii. 30, in fiower. — Barr. 45, fertile /pike in fruit. — H. ox. viii. 12. 4. — Barr . 45, the whole plant. Straw a, to 6 feet high, fuiooth. Leaves green; edges, and ribs rough. Barren /pike narrowing towards the bafe. Fertile /pikes, the 2 uppermoft thicker at the end, which parts are compdfed of barren flowers, Scales egg-fpear-fhaped, finely tapering to a point, with 3 ribs: Cap/ules oval-oblong, the neck contracted. Curt. .St. — Barren /pike thickening to beyond the middle, blunt and rounded at the end. Scheuch. St. — Ftrtile /pikes when in flower much narrower than the barren one, when in fruit thicker at the end than at the bafe. Cap/ules clofely tiled, except at the bafe, where often fcattered. Mr. Woodward. — Spikes pointing one way. Barren /pikes, feales fpear-lhaped. Capfules ^-iquuve, pointed at each end, ftightly bowed back, fhining, pale green, fomewhat longer than Spiels pendulis. St. Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. than the fcales, fomewhat inflated, thin; neck fhort, cylindrical and fometimes cloven. Seed filling about half the cavity. S r. Cy per aide sjpicd pendiila, longiore ct anguftiore. Scheuch. 445. (Ha'll. ST-) C. maxima, Scop. n. 1166. His defcription of the fcales of the barren fpike muft have been taken from a plant which had been fome timeout of flower, and in which the fcales had become ragged. St. Moift woods and hedges between Hampftead and Highgate, and between Marybone and Kilbourn. [Near Woodbridge, Suff. Mr. Woodw.— Witchery-Hole, near Ham Caftle, Worcefterfh. Wood between Buildwas Inn and the Birches, Shropfliire. St.] P. May, June.. Seeds ripe in June, Curt, and July. St. C A REX Jlrigd'fa: Spikes on fruit-ftalks, pendant ; loofe the barren one upright ; the fertile ones thread-flraped, loofe. Capfules roundidr, taper pointed, Huds.— oblom, Sr.— and tapering, not taper -pointed. Mr. Woodward. ° Differs from C.fylvatica, which it is very like, in the fruit-ftalks being wanting o'r very fhort. The whole plant greener. Leaves broad. Spikes^ or 7, long, green. Ray.— Capfules tiled. Scales rather obloDg,- blunt. Huns.— Leaves green. Barren fpike termi- • • nating, an inch or more long, clofely tiled. Fertile /pikes, from the bofom of the leaves; 4 or 5, verydiftant; the lower on very fhort fruit-ftalks, the upper fitting, 2 inches long, and- upwards. Flowers thin,. irregularly fcattered. Scales membranaceous, pale brown, with a green keel. Capfules 3-cornefed, brownifh green, ribbed, tapering regularly to a point at each end, but not taper pointed as in G. fylvadca. Mr. Woodward. — Barren fpike with 2 | perfect feeds at the end. Seales oblong-fpear-fhaped, fharp pointed, as long again as' the capfules, keeled; keel befet with minute points, towards the 'end, with a broad ftreak along the back, fcat- tered with longorange-dots; edges broad, and membranaceous. ■ Fertile [pikes: Scate/fimjjar in texture and colour to thofe of the t barren fpikes, but egg-fhaped, and nearly thrice as fmall. Capfules 3-fquaie, hair-lefs, not finning, half as long again as the empal. opaque, of a rigid texture; ribs 3 to 5 on each of the Tides, whitifh. Seed of the fame fhapc; and nearly filling the cavity. The ftrutfture of the capfule points out its near affinity to the C. panicea. St. Slender-eared broad-leaved Cyperus-grafs with many fpikes. R. fyn. Woods and hedges. In a lan;e near Black Notley, EfTex. Near’ Oxford. [Woods near Oxford. Mr. Newberry.] P. May, June. , ^ ^ R u X fylvatiia. Spikes on fruit-ftalks, pendant; wood the barren one upright ; the fertile ones thread-fhaped, 3 ^ 2 loofe. 1047 1048 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. loofe, fhort er than the fruit-ftalks. Capfules eg^-fhaped, awned, forked., Huns. Schreb. Weber — rather taper- pointed. Mr. Woodward. St. Leers 15. 2. — H. ox. viii. 12. g. — FI. dan. 404.* — Park. 1172. 3. N — Scop1. 59. 2, at n. 1 160.4 Scales egg-fhaped, tapering to a point. Huds. — Fertile f pikes often rvith t mailer fpikes at their bate. Hall.— I have never obferved this appearance. Root creeping. Leaves in tufts from the joints of the root, yellowifh green, about one^fourth of an inch wide, rough to the touch. Stems numerous, in tufts, 12 to 18 inches high, triangular, rough at the edges, leafy. Fertile fpikes 4 or 5, diftant, when in feed pendant, 1 to i* inch long, loofely tiled. Flowers alternate. Scales oval-fpear-fhaped, yellowifh, with a green keel. Capfules fmooth, yellowifh green, triangular, with obfeure edges, and a beak nearly as long as the capfule, cloven at the end. Shaft divided alrnoft to the bafe into 2, andfometimes into 3 fum- mits. Barren Jpike terminating, about an inch long, (lender, clofely tiled. Scales fpear-fhaped, but not taper pointed, of the fame colour as thofe of the fertile fpikes. Mr. Wood w.— Stem flanting, in open ground only .8 to 10 inches high, bending with a curve, 3-fquare, fmooth, fomewhat (hining; angles fharp, which towards the end are roughifh. Leaves ftrap-fhaped, pointed, keeled, fomewhat fcored, fomewhat {hining underneath, alternate, nearly upright, Area thing the (tern. Barren jpike with fometimes an intermixture of fertile flowers, 3-fquare, yellowifh brown, fhorter than the lower fertile fpikes. Scales generally fpear-oblong, bluntifh, fometimes with a fhort (harp point, and fometimes fpear-fhaped, whitifh and membranaceous on the fide, and moftly with more or lefs of a tinge of cinnamon colour; keel pale green, after flowering of a pale cinnamon colour, with a pale green keel. Fertile fpikes pointing one way, 3 to 5, yellowifh green, in one inftance a fmall* (pike proceeding from the lowermoft feale. Flowers fomewhat expanding, in 3 directions. Fruit-Jlalks very flender, 3-lquare, rough at the angles, the lower ones twice or thrice as long as the fpikes, the upper very fhort. Scales concave, taper-pointed, membranaceous. Capfules egg-fhaped, 3-iquare, gradually diminifhing to the mouth, hairlefs, mouth with 2 teeth. Shaft thread-fhaped. Its pendant fpikes, the pale yellow green of its leaves, and the bend of its fie in , which icems to lorm pait of an * Spikes too thick. Lightfoot.— Both this and H. ox. indifferent, and the fpikes upright. Mr. Woodward. St. f Very bad, the capfules being reprclentcd without a beak, though de- ferred as having a long neck. Mr. Woodward. Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. 104c an elliptical curve, give it a very pleafing appearance, and render it one of the mofl elegant ornaments of our woods. St. C.veficaria Q Linn— C. capillaris 0 Leers n. 720. S T.—C.patula, Scop. n. 1160, and Pollich. n. 8g6. Mr. Woodward. Woods. P. May, June. CA'REX depaupera'ta. Curt. cat. n. 228. Charlton Stem leafy. Floral-letives, the uppermoft rifing to the height of the terminating fpike. Barren fpike Angle, terminating, {lender, Arap-fhaped, i-half to 3-4U1S of an inch long, clofely tiled. Scales numerous, oval, yellowifh brown, with a green keel, and fhini'ng membranaceous edges, which are wanting in C. fylvatica. Fertile /pikes about 3, diflant, from the bofom of the leaves, upright, the uppermoft fitting. Fruit-Jlalks {lender, the lowermoft 1 inch long, that above iti-half inch long. Scales oval, pointed, pale brown with membranaceous edges. Cap/ules only 2 or 3 on a fpike, diflant, green, nearly round, much bellying, larger than any of our Eng- lish fpecies, about the fize of Hemp-feed, fcored with numerous ribs, much refembling thofe of C. fylvatica, tapering to a cloven point, the fegments not pointed as in C. fylvatica , but ending in torn membranaceous margins. Summits 3. Mr. Woodward. — 'V Difcovered by Mr. Curt. Charlton-wood, Kent. Mr. Woodward. CA'REX injla'ta. Spikes remote, moftly on fruit- bottle ftalks, nearly upright ; the barren one upright, fpear- fhaped. Capfules egg-fhaped, tapering to a point, as Jong again as the empalement. Huds.— Barren JpikcsJ'ome- times though very rarely 2. Huds. Mich. 32. 5. I have not Jeen the .plant. Nearly allied to C. dijlans. Huds. Marfhes. In WeflmoTeland and Yorkfhire. Huns. — and VTales. Mr. Davies in FI. angl. [A botanift of N. Wales informs me, that Mr. Davies found it 9 or 10 years ago, on the fide of a rivu- let in the middle of Anglefea, but not in any great abundance, arid only in a Angle fpot. Sr.] P. Junc, Ju]y. Meadows, paflurcs, and moift fhady Atuations. P. May, June. CA'RE Xdiftans. Spikes very remote, nearly fittincr. lool'e Floral-leaf fheathing. Capfules angular, fharp-pointed. J H. ox. viii. 12. 18. Differs as follows from C. ccefpitofa. Spikes far diflant, on fhort fruit-ftalks from the fheaths of the leaves, not nodding. Empal. 3^3 Jcales IV 1050 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. fcales pointed. Capfules taper-pointed. Linn. — Spikes fometimes with barren and fertile flowers, and the lowermofl: fometimes altogether barren. Relh. — Stem fometimes a yard high. Afpecies* fubjedl to very great variations. Curt. — Stems 9 to 18 inches high, leafy, very obfcurely triangular. Barren [pike terminating, 1 to i| inch long, cylindrical, but fomewhat fwetling in the middle, clofe- ]y tiled. Scales oval, blunt, numerous, brown, with a yellowifh keel. Fertile f pikes vc ry upright, preffed-to, 2 or 3, from ito 1 \ inch long, the lowermoft often 6 inches below the next to it, and that 3 from the next above it. Fruit-Jlalks (lender, inclofed by the (heaths of the leaves, often almoft up to the fpike, whence their upright pofition. Scales equal to, or fborter than the capfules, oval, blunt, dark-brown, with a green- keel lengthened out into a projecting point. Summits moftly 3. Capfules oblcurely triangular, l'mooth, yellowifh green, terminated in a long, fomewhat downy, cloven point. Mr. Woodward. Mavlhes. [Edge of G-igglefwick Tarn, arid alfo on dry ground near the tops of the higheft mountains in Yorkfhire, and a yard high, near the fummit of a lofty rock in Longfledale. Curt.] P. June* heatk CA'REX recur'va. Spikes crowded, on fruit-ftalks, cylindrical, fomewhat pendant ; the barren one termi- nating. Capfules tiled, bluntilh, Huds. Relh. Mr. Woodward. St. — Barren /pikes, fometimes 2, Huds. — nfually 2 or 3. Mr. Woodward. H.ax.v'ui. 12. 14.* — Barr. 1 13. 1 ? — [Mich. 32. 12, isC. acuta.) Straw upright, 3-fquare, naked above. Empal. bluntilh, black- afh brown. Capfules of a pale herbaceous colour. Huds. — Stems fea- green, triangular, with angles rather indiftindt. Leaves of the fame colour as the’ Item. Barren fpike fometimes lihgle. Scales fimilar to thofe of C. ccejpitofa, but more Ioofely tiled. Fertile [pikes, the lorver on long thread-fhaped fruit-ftalks, hanging down, the upper on fhorter. Scales oval, brown, with a green keel, which is fometimes lengthened beyond the capfule into a fhort awn. Summits moftly 3. ■ Capfules Ioofely tiled, and not fo blunt as thofe of C. ccefpitofa., green, (lightly downy. Mr. Woodward. — Root fibrous, creeping; fibres thickifh, cylindrical, whitifh. Stem upright, fomewhat 3-edged, but the corners rounded off, fcored, rough- ifh, half to 1 foot high. Leaves ftrap-fhaped, pointed, keeeled, fcored, nearly upright, rough along the edges and keel, fheathing the Item ; mouth of the fheath membranaceous, coloured ; the uppermoft * Spikes too fliort and thick. Fruit-ftalks too fliort. Mr. Woodward. io5i Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives. upperrnofl even with the top of the Hem. Spikes round, from the bofom of the leaves, in one lpecimen the fpike below the termi- nating one compofcd of barren and fertile flowers, the lowermoft flowers chiefly barren, with fertile ones intermixed, the upperrnofl fertile; and in 2 fpecimens the 5 lowermoft fpikes with barren flowers at the end. Barren fpikes 3 toy, blackifh brown, moftly fitting; the upperrnofl; the largefi; the lowermoft next in fize; and fometimes with fertile flowers, the middle ones as fmall again, crovyded or oppofite, with fometimes a fertile flower at the bafe. Floral-leaf a coloured oblong fcale at the bafe of the lower- moft fpike ; in its bofom is generally found a folitary fertile floret. Sqales oblong, blunt, fmooth, coloured, blackifh brown with a whitifh line running along the back, not keeled. Threads white. Tips falling off. Fertile fpikes below the barren ones, moftly 2, between pendant and upright, moftly 6 cornered, cylindrical, much thicker than the barren ones, blackifh green. Flowers tiled, in 6 rows. Fruil-flalks thread fhaped, fhorter than the fpike, with a minute bloffom of the fame fhape as thofe of the fpike within the fheath of the leaf. Scales egg-fhaped, pointed, blackifh brown, with a whitifh line running along it. Blojfom inverfely egg-fhaped, thinly fet with fhort pointed hairs. Shafts 3, very rarely 2. Seed- veffels inflated, inverfely egg-fhaped-oblong, compreffed, green; \ mouth circular, very entire, clofing upon the fhaft, befet on the outer fide with very fhort points. St. — Stem 12 or 15 inches high, 3-cornered, fcored. Leaves fheathing the ftem, prickly along the edges and mid-rib, lefs fo towards the bafe; (heaths tinged with a purplifh red. Floral-leaves none. Spikes i| inch long, dark tortoife-fhell colour. Honey-cup purfe-fhapfed, with a fmall coloured aperture at the top, through which the fhaft paffes. Summits 3 . With. Carex ccefpitofa a. Lightfoot. St. Moiftifh meadows. Ray. — Meadows, paftures and heaths. Hudson. P. May, June. CA'REX ccefpitofa. Spikes upright, cylindrical, 3, turfy nearly fitting ; the barren one terminating. Straw 3- fquare. Linn. — Barren fpikes very frequently 2. Hudson. Mr. Woodward. St. — Capfules fmooth. Shaft cloven into 2. St. * * Capfulis glabris, Jljlo lijido. This is faid of the plant, fuppofed by Mr. Hudfon to be the C. ccefpitofa of Linnaeus, above defcribed by Mr. Wood- ward and myfelf, and which I believe to be the C. acuta « of Linnicus. St. 3 Y 4 Park. 1052 M O N O E C I A TRIANDRIA. Park. 1266.3. — (Scheuchz. 10. 11 ,isC. fliformis. — H.ox.vnl. 12. 14, is C. recurva. — H. ox. viii. 12. 3, is alfo added , with a mark of doubt , but the right hand Jtem is terminated-by 3 barren /piles in blojfcm. It feems to be C. gracilis. ) Straw naked, exatftly 3-fquare. Leaves narrow, long, of a plea- fant green, in fuller tufts than in any of the other fpecies. Floral- leaves, that at the bafe of the lower fpike longer than the fpike, that at the bafe of the fpike above it fhorter than the fpike. Fertile /pikes 2, blackilh. Capfules yellowifh, fitting, upright, blunt, egg- fhaped, tiled. Linn. — Plant when growing, and efpecially the fmaller plants, of a fea-green hue, but which difappears when brought near to the eye ; for then it is clearly of a bright green. Stem exactly triangular, but not cutting. Spikes near together, at the top of the fern. Scales oval, almoft black, with a green keel. Scales fimilar to thofe of the barren fpikes, blunt. Summits 2. Capfules extremely crowded, very blunt. Air. Woodward.* — Straw nearly upright, ^ to 1 foot high and upwards, fcored, in the fmaller plants nearly fmooth, in the larger fmooth below, but above the angles are befet with minute prickles pointing upwards.' Leaves keeled, fometimes longer than the ftraw, edges belet with minute prickles pointing upwards, with a tinge of fea-green. Floral-leaves, the lowermoft fometimes extending beyond the ter- minating fpike, and all fometimes longer than the fpikes, gra- dually ihortening upwards. Spikes cylindrical, all dark brown be- fore flowering, fometimes 3, but generally 4, 2 barren and 2 fer- tile; or 1 barren and 3 fertile. Barren fpikes, the terminating one 1 to i^inch long, when 2 the lowermoft juft below the terminating one 4 times fmaller. Scales oblong, blunt, tapering downwards, dark purplilh brown, with a green line running along the back, which, when fully blowm, turns of a pale brown. Fertile fpikes i to 1 § inch long, the lowermoft about the length of the terminating one, when ripe of a mixture of black and green, tapering towards the bafe. Scales oblong, fimilar in colour to thofe of the barren fpikes, fomewhat fmaller. Capfule inverfely egg-fhaped, pointed at each end, with a very fhort cylindrical whitifh neck doling on thefhaft; 3-cornered, llightly comprefled, pale green, juft longer and wider than the empalement, fmooth, or befet towards the neck with minute tubercles. Sr. * After examining growing plants of this and the C. gracilis of Mr. Curtis, I was (truck with an idea that they mult furely be the fame ; and fome time after, on feeing Mr. Pitchford, I found that the fame notion had occurred to him ; and on our examining the feveral fpecitnens in various ftages, and difeourfing on the fubjed, we were ftill more and more .convinced that it mu ft be fo. Mr. Woodwaeu. Care. r Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives* * 1053 Carex acuta a? Linnaeus, Pollich, Leers n. 723. — Gramen cype- roides minus fpicatum anguftifolium. Park. 1265. St. This plant, as well astheSchTw ccefpitofus, begins fpontaneoufly to " grow upon boggy niofTes, and forming compadl hillocks, affords a fupport for men to walk upon ; fo that in the courfe of time, the moft dangerous bogs are changed into firm and ufeful land. Cows, Sheep, Goats and Horfes eat it. * **** Spikes barren and fertile , more than 1 barren. f Carex ccefpitofa. C A'R EX gra'cilis. Barren and fertile fpikes feveral, fender fpiked fomewhat thread-fhaped. Summits 2, Curt. — fre- quently 3. Mr. Woodward. — Mouth of the capfule very entire. St.* Curt. iv. 47. f — H. ox. viii. 12.3 , a good reprefentalion of it, except that the fpikes are upright, Giving pojfibly to having been taken from a dried jpecimen. — J. B. ii. 494. 2, Gr. nigro-lut. 6. — (Lob. obf. 10. 2, repr.inic. i. 11. 1, Ger.em. 12. l.f. 2, andcop. in Park. 1266. 1 , and alfo in C. B. th. 84, with the addition of 2 fpikes, Jhould feem rather to be C. riparia jujl coming into fower.J Stem in watry fituations 2 or 3 feet high, in meadows Ihorter, flenderer than that of C. riparia. Leaves fcarcely fea-green. Spikes brownifh black, in their young ftate remarkably pendant, fo as to give it the appearance of C.penduda Barren fpikes generally 3, brown- ifh black, faintly 3-cornered, the terminating one 2 inches long, the next below twice or thrice as fhort, the lowermoft with barren and fertile flowers, longer. Scales egg-fhaped, pointed, purplifh black, with a green keel. Fertile fpikes 3 or 4,* as long as the termi- nating fpike, nearly upright, blackifh. Scales more oblong, and blunter than thofe of the barren fpikes. Capfule oblong. Curt. — Fertile fpikes in flower generally very dark brown. Scales in fome plants, which agreed in all other refpe&s with Mr. Curtis’s deferip- tion, as pointed as thofe of C. acuta, thofe of the upper fertile fpikes much Ihorter and blunter than thofe of the lower. Mr. Woodward. St. — Straw ro.ugh at the edges towards the top, but not cutting. Floral-leaves, the lowermoft juft longer than the fpikes. Barren fpikes moftly 4, from 15 to 3 inches 'long. Fertile fpikes 3 to 4 inches long, fometimes all of them with barren- flowers at the end, tapering towards the fruit-ftalk, and the flowers to- wards the bafe diftineft, and the lowermoft at more than the dif- tance * Stylis bifidis, capfulis ore integerrimis. St. } Fertile fpikes not fufficiently flender and bending. Mr. Woodward. 1054 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. tance of § inch below the reft. Scales egg-oblong, or egg-fpear- ihaped and taper-pointed. St. Care. r nigra vena vulgaris. Linn. fl. lapp. n. 330? — Cyperoides an- gujlifolmm caule exquifite triangUlari, 'afpeio, Jpicis Jioriferis predongis, temioribus, &c. Mich. p. 6p. n. 40. — Gr amen cyperoides majus an- guftifolium. Park. 1265. R. hift. 1293. fyn. p. 417.11.2. Curt.— C. acuta. Correfponds with it in the capfule's being rather blunt, the Jhaft cloven into 2-, and the uppermoft of the fertile fpikes having barren Bowers, I confider the C. gracilis. oLCuxt. and C. ccefpiioja • of Huds..a^ varieties of the C. acuta. Mr. Curtis appears once to have been inclined to fuppofe his gracilis to be the acuta - of • Linn, but Mich. t. 32 12. 'being referred to by Linn, as a good figure, feemsto have led hi.s at tention from the above more effen- tial points of refemblance, and to refer the C. acuta to a plant rvith 3-Jhqft cloven into 3.— C. acuta fi Huns — Gramcy cyperoides majus an- gujlifolium. Scheueh.' 462. St .— I ' fufpect, from th ejhaft being eleven into 2, and th e'egg-Jhaped Jcales of the C. acuta, as deferibed in the Fl.fuec. that the C. gracilis of Mr. Curtis may be the fame plant. Indeed he feems himfelf to.fufpecft it, having quoted C. nigra verna vulgaris, of the Fl. lapp. with a mark of doubt.— C. acuta- (d Poliich ? Mrs. WooDvyARD; St. ' Edges of rivers, ponds, and ditches, and alfo in meadows. P. Flowers a week or 2 later than C. riparia and acuta. acute CA'PvEX acu'ta. Barren fpikes more than 1 ; the fertile ones fitting. Capfules’ bfuntifh. Linn. — Barreii fpikes blunt,* with bluntifh feales. Stem (harp corner- ed. CuRT.f Curt. iv. 47. — Leers 16. 1. — Mich. 32. 6 — Lob. obf. 10. 2, repr. in ic. i. 11. 1, Ger. em. 12. i.f. 2, Gtam. cyperoid. and cop.- in Park. 12C6. 1. — Gcr. 11 . 1, cop. in G. B. th. 83.— (Mich. 32. 12, is referred to by Linn, but fee the note below and C, gracilis. ) ' • This very variable plant, in dry meadows, -is about an inch high, but in watery fituations often rifes to the height of 3 feet. Shaft cloven into 2, f hairy, white, fhrivelling. Scales egg-fhaped, brown, with a green line running along it. Linn. — Barren fpikesft 1 ter- * When young, but- when out of blotTom as pointed as.thofe of C. rt- paria. Curt. t I am inclined to believe that the C. acuta of Linnaeus will turn out to be a different plant from that of Mr. Curtis. “ In this fpeejes fays Lin- nseus “ the Jhaft is cloven into 2,” Leers afferts it to be “ ataay cloven, into 2. In R Chives and Pointals Separate, III. Chives.' i terminating, with 2 or 3 from the fides near together. Fertile (pikes 3, lometimes 4, the uppermoft often with barren flowers in the upper part, diftant, cylindrical, longer than the barren ones,' fitting when in flower, when ripCon fruit-ftalks, upright. .Scales inverfely egg-fhaped, bay, with a rib more or lefs. green. Shajl always cloven into 2. Capfule convex, and with 2 furrows on one fide, flattifh on the other, with a very fhort cloven point ; larger than the empalemcnt. Leers. — Slrtiw in wet fituations 2 feet high and upwards, confers (harp, and rough. Leaves 3 lines broad, edges and keel rough, fea-green, narrower than thofe of C. riparia. Spikes fewer and fmaller than thofe of C. riparip. Bar- ren (pikes frequently obfeurely 3-cornered, purplifh black or brown,' generally 3, upright, at a little diftance from each other, oblong, the uppermoft if inch long, the lower fhorter and un- equal. Scales agg-oblong, -brownilh purple, with a greenifh mid- rib. Fertile fpikes 2 or 3, logger and {tenderer, on fruit-ftalks, generally upright, frequently with barren flowers at the end. Scales egg-fhaped, taper-pointed, the upper part edged with minute teeth. Capfules much fmaller than thofe of C. riparia, more nu- merous, and no wife inflated, 3-cornered, mouth with 2 teeth. In its ftrong ftate may be eafily miftakeh for C. riparia,.. and in its weak ftate approaches very near in point of appearance to C. re- citrva. Curt. — Stem fea-green. Leaves underneath fea-green, above yellowifh green. Fertile (pikes dark reddifh brown, when ripe yellowifh brown. Mr. Woodward. — Barren fpikes cylindrical, blunt, In Mr. Curtis’s acuta it is as uniformly cloven into .3, and no one could think of deferibing the capfules of his acuta as bluntijh. My opinion is, that the C. gracilis of Mr. Curtis, ancl.the C.ccejpitoja (3 of Mr. Lightfoot, are the C. acuta rujfa of Linnaeus, and that the plant, fitppofed by Mr.Hudfon to be the C. cxfpitofa of Linnasus, and delcribcd as fuch in this work, is the C. acuta nigra of Linnatus; that thefc are only variations occafioned by difference of foil, as Linnaeus believes his to'be, of one and the fame plant; and that the C. acuta of Mr. Curtis is a diftinil fpecies. See C. gracilis. But my great averfion to thenew naming.of plants, induces me toacquiefce, at lead for the prefent, in the nomenclature of Mr. Curtis, and give the following Iketch of my own ideas.- St. . 1. Carex acuta. Barren fpikes iriore than 1, fertile ones nearly fitting. Capfules bluntifh. Linn. — fmooth. Summits modly 2. St. a. C. acuta cc Sp. pi. Pollich. — C. ccrjfitoja. Hudf. and Bot. Ar. which fee. £ C. acuta 0 Sp. pi. Pollich. — C. gracilis. Curt, and Bot. Ar. which' fee. 2. Carex rufftt? St. Barren fpikes more than i, blunt, with bluntifh fcalcs. Stem fharp cornered. Curt. — fertile feales pointed. Summits' 3- St. C. acuta. Curt, and Bot. Ar. which fee. I055 l MONOECIA triandria: blunt, near together, that next the terminating one fometimes inferted at about 2 lines below, and the lottermoft at about twice the diftance below it. Fertile [pikes 1 £ to 3-5 inches long, fometimes tapering towards the fruit-ftalk, clofely tiled. Scales egg-fpear- fhaped , lometimes ragged at the edge towards the point. Capfules egg-fhnped, longer than the fc&Ies, dirty green, fcored, when viewed in a microfcope the furface covered with very minute rough points, and towards the end with {harp points directed up- wards; neck fhbrt, yellowifh, with'2 teeth. St. Carex cafpitoja '& Lightf. — Cypefpid.es joins caryophylleis , caule ex- quifite triangular* , Jpicis haiitioribus, fquamis curies, obtuje rr.ucronctis, capfulis turbinatis, brevibus, confertis. Mich gen. p. 62. Curt. — f C. glauca, Scop. fl. earn. n. 1 157, cannot be the plant, fince the capfules are deferibed as woolly. C. acuta. Lightf. and Hudf. are C. riparia. — Cy per aides lalijolium Jpica raffia five, cade triangulo, Scheuch. 458, cannot be the C. acuta of Linn, as he deferibes the {haft cloven into 3.) St. In fhnilarlituations with C. riparia, and'often together. P. April. Se.eds ripe in June and July. eat C A'R EX ripa’ria .• Barren {pikes more than 1, 3-fquare, blackiflh, pointed, with awn-taper-pointed fcales. Cap- fules fornewhat inflated, with 2 horns. Curt. — Fertile fpikes mollly on fruit-flalks, upright. Capfules egg- fpear-fhaped, awn-taper-pointed, forked. Huds.* Curt. iv. 47, — H. ox. .viii: l-2." 1.— Leers 16. 2. I. one of the Jmaller plants in fruit. — Mich. 32. 7, in fruit. — jf.B. ii. 496. 1 , cop. in. C.B. th. 54. — Park. 1267. 12, — j. B. ii.404. 3. — Lob. cbf id'. 2, repr. in ic. i. 1 1. 1, Ger. em. 12. 1 ,/. 2, and cop. in Park 1 266. 1 , and alj'o in C. B. th. 84, with the addition of 2 jpikes, feem to be the plant jiijl coming into blojfom. — ( Lob. obf. 10.2, repr. in ic. i. 11. 1, Ger. em. 12. t.f. 2, Gram , cyperoid. and cop . in Park. 1266. 1, from the dijlance between the upper fpikes cannot be thisjpecies, and for the fame reafon Jhculd feem to be the C. acuta. - • . ~Of * The epithet btaclijh fhould have been omitted, and the capfules ran hardly be faid to be inflated, when they clofe tight upon the feed, which oc- cupies more than the lower half of the cavity ; neither can the 2 very fliort points at the end be well termed horns, or the capfules deferibed as awn- taper-pointed. The fertile fpikes too are fometimes pendulous. 1 therefore propofe the following character : Barren fpikes more than 1, with awn-taper-pointed fcales. Fertile fpikes with awn-pointed fcalcs. Capfules fpear-egg-Jkaped, with 2 teeth ct the point. Spicis rnafeulis pluribus, fquamis mafeulinis axiflato-acunjinatis, femineis aridutis, capfulis lanceolato-ovatis apice bidentatis. St. Chives and Pointals Separate, III Chives/ 1057 OfGer. it. 1, cop. in C. B. th. 83, the fame alfo may befaid. —Mich. 32. 6, is C. acuta. J Leaves fea-green. Barren [pikes 3 to 5> cluftered. Scales running ■cut into a long awn-like point, Fertile fpikes often branched at the foafe, the uppermoft fitting. Scales awned, the awns finely fer- rrated. Curt. St.— Stem often yello'wifh green. Leaves fea-green •underneath, above yellowifh green, as thofe of the ftem out of iflower, as coloured in the FI. lond. Fertile {pikes, when in flower pale-green, mixed with black or dark reddifh brown. Mr. Wood- ward.— Summits 3 • Scheuch. St. -Barren fpikes tapering each way, the terminating one from if to 3 inches long, before • flowering brownilh black, during flowering reddifh brown, when , out of flower light brown, near together, the fpace between the infertions of the lowermoft and uppermoft being feldom more than from 1 to if inch, fertile Jpik Aug* Chives and Pointals Separate, IV. Chives. io65 1147. BET'UL A. Birch. B. Barren Flowers forming a cylindrical Catkin . Empal. Catkin, common; tiled on ever}/ fide; loofe; cylindrical ; conlifling of Scales, with 3 flowers in each ; to the Tides of each of which are fixed 2 ex- ceedingly fmall fcales. Bloss. Compound, with 3 florets; equal; fixed to the centre of each Icale of the cup. Individuals of 1 petal ; with 4 divifions ; expanding ; very fmall. Segments egg-fhaped ; blunt. Chives. Threads 4 ; very fmall. Tips double. F. Fertile Flowers forming a Catkin on the fame tree. Empal. Catkin, common; tiled. Scales placed by threes ; oppofite ; fixed to the fpike-ftalk ; 2 flowers in each; heart-fhaped ; concave; fhort ; (lightly notched at the end, with a fharp point in the middle. Bloss. none that is perceptible. Point. Seed-bud egg-fhaped ; very fmall. Shafts 2 ; briftle-fhaped ; as long as the fcales of the cup. Summits Ample. S. Vess. none. The feeds lie under each triple fcale of the catkin. Seeds folitary; egg-fhaped ; bordered. Ess. Char. B. Empal. of 1 leaf; with 3 clefts, and 3 flowers. Blofs. with 4 divifions. F. Empal. of 1 leaf; moflly 3 clefts, and 2 flowers. Seeds with a winged membrane on each fide. Ob 3 . In fome fpecies the flowers form a cylindrical catkin; in others a roundifh cone. * BET'UL A al'ba. Leaves egg-fhaped, taper-point- ed, ferrated. — Hunt. Evel. 225 ; i. 218. ed. II. — Gars. 172. 1. — Dod. 839. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1478, imit. in Lob. obf. 607. 2; ic. ii. 190. 2, and cop. in Park. 1408. — Matth. 142, catkins good. — Blackw. £40. — Ger. 1295. — J. B. i. b. 149. — Trag. 1 1 13, branches with only catkins well done.—SpeB. de la nat. 33 .2, at ii. p. 2g2, cop. in nat. delin. 21.4, at ii. p. 312.— Lonic. i. 34. 1. Branches, the leffer deep chefnut coloured. Barren calkins, fcales tipped with brown, with fmaller fcales fixed to the center. BloJ - fom eeg-fhaped, concave, green. It is liable to a difeafe in its 3 Z 3 branches, common io 66 MONOECIA TETRANDRIA. branches, which occafions it to fend out a very great number of (hoots in the middle of a branch, which being grown to fome length, have very much the appearance at a diftance of a tree full of Rooks nefts; the leaves upon thefelhoots are downy and foft. With. Birch tree. Birk. Woods and moift hedges. T. July. Huds. [Apr. and May. With.] It grows in all kinds of foil, but beft in fhady places. It bears cropping. It is hurtful to pafturag-e. The wood is firm, tough and white : Women’s fhoe-heels, and packing-boxes are made of it. It is planted along with hafel to make charcoal for forges. In the northern parts of Lancafhire, they form the (lender twigs into befoms for exportation. Penn. tcur. The leaves afford a yel- low dye. The bark is extremely ufeful to the people in the north of Europe; they make hats and drinking cups of it in Kamfchatka. The Swedifh fiflhermen make dices of it. The Norwegians cover their houl'es with it, and upon this cover, they lay turf three or four inches thick. Torchesarc made of the bark fiicedand twilled together. It abounds, \yith a. refinous matter that is highly inflam- mable; If a hole is bored into the tree when the fap rifes in the fpring, a' fweet liquor 4 A 4 Cer. \ 1084 MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. Ger. cm. 1340. 2, and cop. in Park.- 1390. 1. — Lob. obf. 583. 2, and repr. inic. ii. 155. 2. — Malik. 204. — J. B.i.b.Sp — Lob. obf. 583. 1, repr. in ic. ii. 155. 1, and cop. in J. B. i. b. 83. — Ger. 1156. 1. — J. B. i. b. 70. 2. — Lonic. i. 31, 2. — Fucks. 229, cop. in J. B. i. b. 70. 1. — Trag. 1102. — Specf. de la nat. 25. 1, ath.p. 283, cop. in Nat. delin. 17. 1, atii.p. 311. a Linn. — Leaves on leaf-ftalks. Fruit fitting, Mill. < — nearly fitting. Du Roi. Leaves appear later than in @. — Flowers come out later. Fruit later. Acorns 4 to 12 together, on fome trees egg-fhaped, in others oblong, taper-pointed. Wood reddifh, brittle. Du Roi. — Leaves deeper green, and not fo deeply indented. Ray. — Frequently re- tains its leaves all winter. Mr. Woodward. f£. Robur (j Huds. — % latifolia mas, qua brevi pediculo eft. R. fyn. 440. St. — Bay-Oak about Newberry. R.fyn. Bagley-Wood, and other places. Bobart in R. fyn.— Common but lefs fo than ,3 Mr. Woodward. T. /3 Linn. — Leaves blunt, wing-indented. Leaf-ftalks very fhort. Acorns on very long fruit-ftalks. Mill. — Acorns on fruit- ftalks, moftly folitary. Du Roi. Leaves not fo deeply indented, nor the indentures fo irregular, but oppofite. Trees railed from acorns of this fort produced acorns and retained all the marks of their parent tree. Mill. — Leaves deeper green than in a, narrower above. Acorns 1 to 3, joined together. Wood whitilh, hard. Du Roi. — Flowers appear- ing before the leaves. Relh. — Barren flowers: Empal. with 6 or 7, and fometimes 8 clefts, nearly correfponding in number to the chives. Chives 7 to 9, moftly 8. Fertile flowers: Empal. tiled, compofed of fmall leaves ; leaves fpear-egg-fhaped, membrana- ceous, coloured, about 20. Shafts moftly 3, bent back. St. -—In the mid-land counties the Jhtit-ftalks are 5 or 6 times as long as the leaf-ftalks. With. Vfiercus Robur a Huds. — %feminea, Mill. Du Roi. Oak-tree. — Woods and hedges. [Not fo common as a, but in the wilds of Kent and Sufl'ex I have feen many large trees of it. Mill.] ' T. April. It loves hilly better than boggy ground, and thrives beft, while young, in large plantations. Its roots defcend deep into the earth, and therefore will not bear to be tranfplantcd. Much lopping de- ftroys it. Grafs will hardly grow beneath it. — The wood is bard; tough; tolerably flexible; not eafily fplintering; and therefore is preieri ed before all other timber for building fhips of war. It is well adapted to almoft every purpofe of the carpenter; but an at-. tempt •085 Chives and Pointals Separate, Many Chives. tempt to enumerate all the ufes of this well known wood, would be equally fuperfluous and difficult. — Oak faw-duft is the principal indigenous vegetable ufed in dying fuftian. All the varieties of drabs, and different fhades of brown, are made with Oak faw-duft, varioufly managed and compounded. — The balls, or Oak apples, are likewife ufed in dying, as a fubftitute for galls. The black got from them, by the addition of copperas, is more beautiful than that from galls, but not fo durable. — The bark is univerfally ufed to tan leather Its aftringent properties may be turned to good account in many medical indications. An infufion of it, with a fmall quantity of copperas, is ufed by the common people to dye woollen of a purplifh blue: the colour, though not very bright, is durable. The balls, or galls upon the leaves, are occafioned by a fmall infecft with four wings, called Cynips quercifolii, which depo- fits an egg in the fubftance of the leaf, by making a fmall perfora- tion on the under furface. The ball prefently begins to grow; and the egg in the center of it changes to a worm; this worm again changes to a nymph, and the nymph to the flying infedl with four wings. — Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat the leaves. Swine and Deer fatten on the acorns. The papilio Iris, ^uercus; phalcena Vinula, ^ uercus , Monacha, difpar , chryforrhaea, pudibunda, Oo, lubricipeda, quadra , patla, Pfi, Bucephala , Lacertinaria, Viridana, Prafinana, Amataria, Red arches, Broad bar. Oak bar, Scollop broad wing bar, Triple bar, Dun bar, Oak beauty, Pale Oak beauty. Maiclen blufh, Clouded border, Laced border. Small brindle beauty, Brindled, Hornfey carpet, Marvel de jour, July high flyer, Gold fringe, Pea green, Heart, Half mourner, Japan long horn, Golden long horn, Maid of honour, Green golden horn, Large Japan, Bruflels lace, Triple lines, November, Orange band, Orange, O, Orange companion, Owl, Odlober, Panther, Dark prominent, Red neck, Red fhell, Scolloped fhell. Snout, Grey fparkling, Orange fparkling, Clouded ftraw, Spider, Brown tail, Grey tuffock, Tiflue, Blood veined, Waved umber, Mottled umber, Copper underwing, Orange upper wing, Spring ulher, March clofe wing Moth; Phalcena nupta and Vindata ; Cynips * [uercus Bacas, ^ uercus Folii, fyiercus Petioli, 9 uercus Gemmae; Chermes ^ uercus ; Aphis % uercus ; Curculio fyiercus, feed upon it. Linn. — The timber of this fort is accounted better than that of a. Mill. Hunt. evel. — To its difeafes may be added the Excrefcentia folioja, Park. p. 139°. n. 8, and is deferibed by him as compofed of fcaly leaves, and compared to the heads of Knap-weed. The buds in confequence I conjecture of their becoming the habitation of the Cynips uerci Gemmae, fwell to the fize of a hafel nut. They are of a yeilowifh brown colour, the outer part being compofed of the feales to86 MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. fcales of the bud enlarged. The infide is compofed of long woolly threads. Mr. Woodward. — A tree of this kind in the parifh of Little Shelfley, Worcefterfhire, meafured in circumference about 2 yards from the ground 22 feet 4 inches, and clofe to the ground nearly 4S feet. Mr. Hollefear. — In one growing in 1764, in Broomfield Wood, near Ludlow, Shroplhire, the trunk meafured 68 feet in girth, and 23 in length, and which, allowing 90 fquare feet for the larger branches, contained 1455 feet of timber. Lightfoot. — The girth of the Green Dale Oak, near Welbeck, at 1 1 feet from the ground, was 38 feet; and one growing at Covv- thorpe, near Wetherby, Yorklhire, meafured 48 feet in circum- ference at 3 feet from the ground, and 78 feet clofe to the ground. Hunt. evel. with a figure of the former at ii. p. 200, and of the latter at p. 197. 1170. FA'GUS. Beech. B. Barren Flowers fixed to a common receptacle, fomcwhat like a catkin. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; bell-fhaped; with 5 clefts. Bloss. none. s Chives. Threads many; about 12; as long as the cup; briftle-fhaped. Tips oblong. F. Fertile Floxvers in a bud, on the fame tree. Empal. Cup 1 leaf; with 4 teeth; upright and {harp. Bloss. none. Point. Seed-bud inclofed by the cup. Shafts 3; awl- fhaped. Summits fimple ; bent back. S.Vess. Capfule roundifh ; formed of the cup; large; befet with foft thorns; with 1 cell, and 4 valves. Seeds. Nuts 2; egg-fhaped ; 3-cornered ; with 3 valves ; tapering. Ess. Char. B. Empal. xvitli 5 clefts ; bell-Jhaped. Blofs. o. Chives 12. F. Empalcment with 4 teeth. Blofs. o. Shafts 3. Capfule, which was heretofore the empalcment, hedxrc-hop'gcd ; with 4 valves. Seeds 2. Obs. The barren Mowers fometimes form a cylinder, at others a globe. Chefnut . FA'GUS Cajla’nca. Leaves fpear-fliaped, with taper- ing ferratures, naked underneath.— Bunt. Chives and Pointals Separate, Many Chives. Hunt. evel. p. 159; i. p. 153. ed. II. — Mill. 84. — Tourn. 352, parts of fructification. — Nat. difpl. ii. 30, at p. 2go, cop. in J\'at. delin. ii. 19. 3, at p. 312. — Matth. 211. — Dod. 814. 1, repr. in Lob. ic. ii. 160. 2, obf. 588. 1, Ger. em. 1442. 1, and cop. inPark. 1400. 1, and J. B. i. b. 121. — Garf. 204. — Ger. 1253. 1. — Blackw. 330. — Fuchf. 377, cop. in frag. 1100. — Lonic. i. 3 1 . x . Catkins cylindrical. Linn. — Leaves ending in a long very taper point; ferratures ending in a kind of thorn. Mr. Woodward. Chefnut-tree. — Woods and hedges, in Kent, common. [Burleigh Park, in great abundance. Mr. Woodward.] T. May. Nothing will thrive under its lhade. — The wood is applicable to the fame ufes that oak is. — If the bark is not taken off, it makes poles for efpaliers, dead fences and hop yards, and pipes to convey water under ground, which will laft longer than Elm or Oak. — Some of the oldeft buildings in London are faid to be conftrucfled with this wood. — AtTortworth, in Gloucefterfhire, there is a tree 52 feet round. It is proved to have flood there ever fince the year 1150, and was then fo remarkable as to be called the great Chef- nut of Tortworth. It fixes the boundary of the manor, and is pro- bably near 1000 years old. Gent. Mag. 1766, p. 321, where there is a drawing of it. Mr. Collinfon, the author of this account, makes no doubt of the Chefnut being a native of England, andafligns the great profit that arifes from them when cut for hop-poles, as the reafon why it is fo rare to fee large trees in the woods. The nutsare ufed for whitening linen cloth, and for making flarch.They are roafted on fmall ftoves in the ftreets by the fruit women, and in winter form a very agreeable addition to our deferts. FA'GUS fylvat'ica. Leaves egg-fhaped, indiftin6lly ferrated. — Hunt. evel. p. 136; i.p. 131. ed. II.-— Matth. 205, cop. in Ger. i255» in fruit. — Dod. 832, repr. in J. B. i. b. 1 18. — Lonic. i. 33. 1. — Spetl. de la nat. ii. 29. 1, at p. 290, cop. in J\fat. delin. ii. 19. 1, at p. 312. — (Trag. — Ger. em. 1444, and cop. in Park. 1403, and alfo in Lob. (fif. 587. 1 107 more rejem- bles a Rhamnus.J * Catkins globular. Linn. — Bark fmooth, white. Beech-tree. ' * Woods and hedges in a calcareous foil. T. March, Apr. The tree is large and beautiful, but no verdure will flourilh un- der its fhade. It loves a fertile foil. Whilft young it is apt to fuffer from expofure. It is difficult to tranlplant. It retains its old leaves through the winter. It bears lopping well, and may be I common / MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. • ' » . be trained to form very lofty hedges. — The wood is brittle; foon decays in the air, but endures under water. It is formed into tool handles, planes, mallets, chairs, and bedfleads. Split into thin layers it is ufed to make fcabbards for fwords. It is excellent fuel, and when burnt affoids a large quantity of Pot-afh. — The leaves, gathered in autumn, before they are much injured by the frofts, make infinitely better mattraflTes than flraw or chaff, and endure fpr 7 or 8 years. — The nuts, or mails as they are called, when eaten, occafion giddinefs and head-ache; but when well dried and powdered make wholefome bread. They are fometimes roalled and fubflituted for coffee. They fatten Swine, and are greedily devoured by mice, fquirrels, and birds. The poor people in Silefia ufe the exprelfed oil inftead of butter. Sheep and Goats eat the leaves. Phalana Populi , Coryli, pudebunda; Curculio Fagi; Scarabeus Melo- lontha; Aphis Fagi, feed upon both fpecies. Linn. — A Horfe kept at grafs eat it. Mr.. Hollefear. — In fome parts of Hertfordfhire, where the foil is a llrong clay full of flints, thefe trees grow to a very large fize, and are of extreme beauty. It does not relilh a light foil. No tree is more beautiful when Handing fingly in parks or ornamental grounds, as it throws out its branches very regu- larly, and feathers almofl to the ground. In woods or groves it grows clear of branches to a great height. Mr. Woodward.* * I have fometimes amufed myfelf on the road with attempting to dif- eover what I would call the di/linStive charaSleriJiic s of Foreji Trees. Branches zigzag, elongated, (ramis jlexuojis elongatisj is what I have applied to the patula Fagus of Virgil. — I hope Mr. Kenyon, the ingenious author of the Antiquities of Herefordfhire, will favour the public with his ideas on the fubjeft, as expreffed by the pencil. St. Chives ^nd Pointals Separate, Many Chives. 1171. CAR'PINUS. Horn-beam. B. Barren Flowers in a cylindrical catkin. Empal. Common Catkin, loofely tiled on every fide ; con- fiding of Scales, with a Angle flower in each ; egg- fhaped ; concave ; fharp ; fringed. Bloss. none. Chives, ‘threads generally 10; very fmall. tips double ; comprefled ; woolly at the end ; with 2 valves. F. Fertile Flowers in an oblong catkin on the fame tree. Empal. Common Catkin, loofely tiled ; confiding of Scales, inclofing a Angle flower ; fpear-fhaped ; woolly ; re- fle6led at the end. Bloss. fhaped like the cup ; of 1 leaf ; with 6 clefts; 2 of the Segments larger than the others. Point. Seed-buds 2; very fhort. Shafts, 2 to each feed- bud; hair-like; coloured; long. Summits Ample. S. Vess. none. The Catkin growing very large contains . the feed at the bafe of the feales. Seed. Nut egg-fhaped ; angular. Ess. Char. B. Empalemcnt of 1 leaf; fcale fringed. Blofs. o. Chives 20. v F. Empalement of 1 leaf; fcale fringed. Blofs. o. Seed-buds 2. Shafts 2 to each. Nutt egg-fhaped. CAR'PINUS Bet' ulus. Scales of the cones flat .— Mallh. 145, cop.inGer. 1296. — Park. 1406, cop. in J. B. i. b. 146. — Hunt. evel. p. 143; i. p. 138. ed. II. — Cluf. i. 55- 2, repr. in Dod. 841, Lob. obf. 607. 2, ic. ii. 190. 1, Cer. em. 1479. — Frag. 1109, cop. in Lonic. i. 33. 2. Chives 8 to 16. Linn. — Bark fmooth, white. Leaves oval, pointed, fharply ferrated. Horn-beam Free. Hard-beam tree. Horfe or Horn-beech Free. [IVyck Hafel in Effex. St.] In woods and hedges. T. May. It loves a popr ftiff foil, on the Aides of hills, is eafily tranf- planted, and bears lopping. Cattle eat the leaves, but pafturage will not flourifh in its {hade— 1 The wood burns like a candle; it is very white, very tough, harder than Hawthorn, and capable of fupporting a great weight. It is ufeful in turning, and for many implements of hufbandry. It makes cogs for mill wheels; even fuperior 1089 common 10^0 common MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. fuperior to Yew.— The inner bark is much ufed in Scandinavia to dye yellow. — The Phalasna brumata and rojlralis feed upon it. 1172. COR'YLUS. Hafel. B* Barren Flowers in a long catkin. Empal. Catkin Common, tiled on every fide ; cylindrical; confiding of Scales, each inclofing a fingle flower; narrower at the bafe, broader and more blunt at the end ; bent inwards, with 3 clefts. The Middle Seg- ment as long, but twice as broad as the others, and covering them. Bloss. none. Chives, threads 8; very fhort; fixed to the inner fide of the fcale of the cup. tips egg-fhaped; oblong; fhorier than the cup ; upright. F. Fertile Flowers at a dijlance from the others, on the fame plant ; fitting ; inclojed in the bud. Empal. Cup, leaves 2 ; like leather; jagged at the edge ; upright ; as long as the fruit ; fo fmall as to&be hardly difcernible during the time of flowering. Bloss. none. Point. Seed-bud roundifh ; very fmall. Shafts 2; briftle- fhaped ; much longer than the cup ; coloured# Summits fimple. S. Vess. none. Seed. Nut fomewhat egg-fhaped ; appearing as if rafped at the bafe ; point rather flatted'; and a little taper- ing toward the end. Ess. Char. B. Ernpalement of 1 leaf; with 3 clefts, like a fcale, with 1 flower. Dlofs. 0,. Chives 8. F. Ernpalement of 3 leaves; tom. Blofs. o. Shafts 2. Nut egg-fiaped. Obs. This genus is nearly allied to the Carpi nus. COR'YLUS Avella'na. Props egg-fhaped ; blunt. - Blackw. 293.— Hunt. evel. 220; i. p. 213. ed. U.—Lonic. i. 30. 1, cop. in Trag. 1096, middle right hand branch.— Matth. 281, right hand lowermojl branch. — Park. 1415. 5. — Gars. 233. — Spefl. de la vat. 32. 2, in ii. p. 292, and cop. in Nat. delin. 20. 4, in ii. p. 312. — Lob. ic. ii. 192. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1438. 2, and cop. in Ger. 12 go. 2 .—Fuckf. 398. Shafts Chives and Pointals Separate, Many Chives. Shafts very red, Relhan— which, being of a vivid crimfon, have a very beautiful appearance in March, when the catkins expand. Mr. Woodward. — Flowering branches, efpecially thole bearing the fertile flowers, fet with fhort fine hairs terminating in globules. Catkins in pairs, yellowilh green. Scale, the middle legment pointed atthe end. Tips hairy. Dujl yellow. Shafts crimfon. With -Leaves oval, ferrated, wrinkled. Calkins green, when out of flower brown. _ Hafel-nut Tree.— Woods and hedges. T. March, April. It is frequently planted in hedges, and in coppices to make char- coal for forges. The owners cut them down in equal portions in the rotation of 16 years, and raife regular revenues out of them ; often more than the rent of the land, for freeholders of 15I. or 25I. per ann . are known to make conftantlyfol. a year from their woods. Penn. tour. 1772. p. 29. The wood is ufed for fifhing rods, walk- ing flicks, crates, hoops for barrels, &c. the {hoots for fpnngles to°faften down thatch. The roots are preferred where beautiful wood is required for inlaying or ftaining. It is a pradtice in Italy to put the chips of Hafel into turbid ivine, to clear it, which it does in 24 hours : and in countries where yeaft is fcarce, they take the twigs of Hafel, and twift them together, fo as to be full of chinks; thefe they fteep in ale during its fermentation; then hang them up to dry, and when they brew again they put them into the wort inftead of yeaft.— Painters and engravers prepare coals for de- lineating their defigns thus. They take pieces of Hafel about as thick as a man’s arm, and 4 or 5 inches long, dry and thpn cleave them into pieces about as thick as one’s finger. Thefe they put into a lar^e pot full .of fand, and then cover the top of the pot with clay. This is expofed in a potter’s oven, or any other fufficicnt degree of heat, and, when cooled again, the flicks are found converted into charcoal, which draws freely, and eafily rubs out again.— The nuts are agreeable to mod people. Squirrels live chiefly upon them. An expreffed oil is obtained from them, for the ufe of painters.-Goats and Horfes eat the leaves. Sheep and Swine refufe them.— The Brindle, Spider, and December Moths; Pha- LenaPopuli, Pavonia, Pft, Gonojtlgma; Attelabus Corryli ; and Curcuho JS'ucum, feed npon it. IO9T Order otch monoecia monadelphia. Order IX. MONADELPHIA; threads united. H75. PI’NUS. Fir. B. Barren Flowers in bunches. Em pal. none, but the gaping feales of the bud. Bloss. none. Chives, threads many ; united below into an upright pillar, divided at the top* T^tps upright. ^ F. Fertile Flowers on the fame 'tree. Empai Common Cone, fomewhat egg-fhaped ; compofed ot Scales, with 2 flowers in each; oblon^ • tiled • permanent; inflexible. 0 Bloss. none. Point. Seed-bud very fmalL Shaft awl-fhaped. Summit limple. S. Vess. none. The Scales of the cone, which before flood open, doling upon the feed. Seed. Nut enlarged by a membranaceous wing, larger than the feed, but fmaller than the feales of the cone ; oblong; on one fide flraight, but hunched on the other. Ess. Char. B. Emfalement of 4 leaves. Blofs. o. Chives many. Tips naked. F. Empalement of the cone a fcale with 2 flowers. Blofs , 0. Pointal 1. Nut protected by a membranaceous wine. * Several leaves from the fame feathed haft. PI'NUS fylveftris. Leaves in pairs, in their firft growtn folitary, imooth.— FL I* f—Mtll. ill. Blackw. 190 .—Hunt. cvel. 266; up. 27 « ?9’ lke C°neS the bejh ~Tomi- 355. 356, P. -Mauh. 98, cop. in Ger. 1 175. 2, and f. B. i. b. 2 53.-Dod. 860. f re,r- in,Lob ■ obf- 63i- 2; ic. ii. 226. 2, Ger. em. 1 356. 1. Cones pendant, whitifli. Highland Chives and Pointals Separate, Threads united. Highland mountains, both fcattered, and in natural forefts of many miles extant. Lightfoot. T. May. It flourifhes beft in a poor fandy foil. In a grove, the trunk becomes tall and naked ; in funny open places, branched. On rocks or bogs, it feldom attains a large fize. In black foil it becomes d-ifeafed, and in chalky land it dies. Sometimes it will thrive near running, but never near ftagnant waters. None but the terminating buds fend forth branches, therefore it will not bear the leaft clipping. The roots fpread very near to the furface o,f the earth, all but the central root which grows perpendicularly downwards ; and if this is broken off', or interrupted in its pafTage by rocks, the Item ceafes to {hoot upwards and the tree for ever remains a dwarf. Upon this account it is apt to fuffer by tranf- planting. — This tree furnifhes us with the beft red or yellow deal. It is fmooth, light, and eafily cloven. The bark will tan leather. — The inhabitants of the North of Europe make bread from this tree in the following manner. They choofe a tree whole trunk is even, for thefe contain the leaft refm, and ftrip off the bark in the fpring when it feparates moft readily. This they firft dry gently in the fhade ; then in a greater heat; and reduce it to powder. With this powder they mix a fmall quantity of corn-meal, and with water knead it into bread. This they eat, not only in years of fcarcity, but at other times, from an apprehenlion that long difufe might render it difagreeable to them. Their children are very fond of the frefh bark in the fpring time,, either fhaved with a knife or grated with a'rafp— the young {hoots diftilled afford a fragrant effential oil. — Sheep and Goats are not fond of it; Horfes refufe it. — It affords nourifhment to the Phalxna Pini, quadrat Curculio Pini , and Cimex Abielis. * * Pinus Picea, and P. Abies are inferted in R. fyn. and the FI. angl. and Hunt. evel. as natives of the mountains of Scotland, but only on h.ear-fay evidence. Mr. Lightfoot allures us that the P. fylvejiris is the only fpecies found wild in that country. St. — The 36 fine trees of P. Picea, mentioned by Plot and Ray as growing near Newport in Shroplhire, are now no more, lVtTH. 4B 1D93 Vol. If. Clqfs 1 . l°34 ^ I< vi ^ { Clefs XXII. ■a. : ■ ■ ■ jverr 0 .1 ,r„ '\.f :hf V r Li . i f D I O E C I A. ; J • t ; . i. . • i : . . i - • * : • :1 • i :i*“ . i . ~ . CHIVES and POINTALS Dittinft. . v ■ toi •/>!.. '..i t;: /tv; .vqti. I'. ■'! , • ’ -i ' J.J" j:. IN. the preceding 'dafs the Flowers with only Chives, and the Flowers with only Pointals were found upon the fame plant;; but in this they are upon Different plants. All the plants therefore of this Clafs are neceffarily either Barren or Fertile; the Flowers of the former containing only Chives ; thofe of the latter, only Pointals. . Both forts are propagated from feeds, the produ6t of the, fertile plants. B . dignifies the barren, and F» the fertile flowers, <•.. . -H ; Ji ■ •; -V. • ?*' r. ('.."rlr :<• ' ... V i . .1. V' vM > i ' ■ Lio -/ : . i V I . 'f v. ; - r-l C i. ii- i Order i CHIVES and POINTALS D?{linci Order II. D I A N D R I A; II. CHIVES. 1201. Sa'lix B. Catkin fcaly. Blofs, o. Chives 2; rarely more. F. Catkin fcaly. Blofs. o. Summits 2. Capf , 2 valves. Seeds downy. Order III. TRIANDRIA; III. C, HIVES. 1202. Em'petrum. .. B. Cup with 3 divifions. Blofs. 3 petals. F . Cup with 3 divifions. Blofs. 3 petals. Shafts 9. Berry 9 feeds, •f Carex dioica. Bryonia alba. Valeriana dioica. Order IV. T ET RA N D R IA: IV. CHIVES. T2IO. Hippoph'ae. B. Cup with 2 divifions. Blofs. o. F. Cup with 2 clefts. Blofs. o . Point. 1. Berry, 1 feed, with a lopped feed-coat. 1209. Vis'cum B. Cup with 4 divifions. Blofs. o. F. Cup 4 leaves. Blofs. o. Sum- mit blunt. Berry, 1 feed : be- neath. 1211. Myri'ca B. Catkin fcaly. Blofs. o. F. Catkin fcaly. Blofs. o. Shafts 2. Berry, 1 feed. f Rhamnus eatharticus. Urtica dioica. Ilex aquifolium. 4 B 2 Order r ;• . ■ . , tog6 1"^ I . O E C I A. It | \ ' * J « • Order V. P ENT AN D R I A; V. CHIVES. ' , ' • 1221. Hu'mulus B. Cup 5 leaves. Blofs. o. F. Cup i leaf. Blofs. o. Shafts 2. Seeds winged by the cup. *J* Ribes alpirmm. Salix pentandra. Order V /. HEX AN DRI A; VI. CHIVES. 1224. Ta'mus B. Cup 6 leaves. Blofs. o. F. Cup 6 leaves. Blofs . o. Shaft with 3 clefts. Berry, 3 cells; beneath. t ATparagus officinalis. (See Roth. 145.; Rumex acetofa. Rumex aceto fella. Order VII. OCTANDRIA; VIII. CHIVES. 1228. Pot'ulus. ..... B. Catkin ragged. Blofs. o. Honey- cup egg-fhaped. Chives from 8 to 16. F» Catkin ragged. Blofs. o. Sum- mit with 4 clefts. Capf. 2 valves. Seeds feathered. 3229. Rhodi'ola. .... B. Cup with 4 divifions. Blofs. 4 , petals. F. Cup with 4 divifions. Blofs. o. Point a\s 4. Capf. 4. Seeds many. Order CHIVES and POINTALS DISTINCT. l097 Order VIII. ' ENNEANDRIA; IX. CHIVES. I ♦ . ‘ 1230. Mercuria'lis. B. Cup 3 leaves. Blofs. o. Chives from 9 to 12. F. Cup 3 leaves. Blofs. o. Shafts 2. Capf. 2 berries. 1231. Hydfo'charis.B. Cup 3 leaves. Blofs. 3 petals. F. Cup 3 leaves. Blofs. 3 petals. Shafts 6. Capf. beneath : 6 cells. Order IX. DEC AN DRI A; X. CHIVES . •j* Lychnis dioica. Cucubalus otites, ^ Order X I. ICOSANDRIA; XX. CHIVES. < Rubus Chamsemorus. Order XII. POLYANDRIA; MANY CHIVES. t Mcrcurialis. Stratiotes Aloides. 4B3 Order ■V 1098 D I O E C I A. ( Order XIII. MONADELPHIA; THREADS UNITED. 1240. Junip'erus B. Catkin. Blofs. o. Chives 3. F. Cup with 3 divifions. Blofs. 3 petals. Shafts 3. Berry beneath ; 3 feeds; 3 tubercles formed by the cup. 1241. Tax'us B. Cup 4 leaves. Blofs. o. Tips with 8 clefts. F. Cup 4 leaves. Blofs. o. Sum- mit 1. Berry 1 feed; naked at the end. I *v Order XIV. SYNGE N ESI A; TIPS UNITED. is v \ , . • . 1246. Rus'cus B. Cup 6 leaves. Blofs. o. Chives 5. F. Cup 6 leaves. Blofs. o. Point. 1. Berry, 3 cells, 2 feeds. 1 194. Bryo'nia. ...... B. Cup with 5 teeth. Blofs. with 5 divifions. Chives 3. F. Cup with 5 teeth. Blofs. with t 5 divifions. Shaft with 3 clefts ; fruit a Berry. Order CHIVES and POINTALS DISTINCT. Order II. . * DIANDRIA ; II. CHIVES. i2oi. SA'LIX. Willow. B. Barren Flowers. Em pal. Common Catkin oblong ; tiled on every fide ; in- clofed by a fence formed of a bud, which is com- pofed of Scales, inclofing a fingle flower ; oblong ; flat ; expanding. Bloss. Petals none. Honey-cup a cylindrical gland ; very fmall ; lop- ped ; containing honey ; placed in the centre of the flower. * 1 Chives, ‘threads 2 ; flraight ; thread-fhaped ; longer than the cup. tips double ; with 4 cells. « F. Fertile Flowers. Em pal. Catkin as above. Scales as above. Bloss. none. Point. Seed-bud egg-flhaped ,* tapering into a Shaft hardly diflinft from the feed-bud, rather longer than the fcale of the empalement. Summits 2 ; cloven ; up- right. •S. Vess. Capfule egg-awl -fhaped ; with 1 cell, and 2 valves. Valves rolling back. Seeds numerous,- egg-fhaped; very fmall; crowned with a Ample hairy Feather. Ess. Char. B. Catkin with fcales. Blofs. o. A gland fecreting honey at the bafe. F. Catkin with fcales. Blofs. o. Shaft cloven. Capf. of 1 cell, and 2 valves. Seeds with down. Obs. Chives in fome fpecies 3 or 5; unequal in length. In the S. hermaphroditica the chives and pointals are within the fame cm- palement. — There are frequently large excrefcences upon the branches, leaves, and leaf-ftalks of Willows, which are the habi- 4 B 4 tations IO99 noo DIOECIA D I A N D R I A. tations of different fpecies of Cynips. —Whoever dcfires to {hade a walk with Willows, fhould fet thofe which bear only chives in the catkins, or elfe they will foon multiply fo as to form a thicket in- flead of a walk. The fame obfervation holds good of the Poplar. — Bees are very fond of the flowers. ^ * Leaves fmooth; ferrated. Jiiining SA'LIX hennaphrodit'ica. Leaves ferrated ; fmooth. Chives 2; in the fame flower with the pointals. — Agrees with S, pentandra as follows. Leaves convoluted, yellow- ifh, often 6 in each bud ; ferratures blunt, glandular. Catkins woolly, of the fame fize and habit. Differs as follows. Branches pale reddifh hue, not purplifh. Leaves, veins of the upper furface funk in, not elevated. Glands at the bafe of the leaf-flalks protube- rating. Flowers earlier and the gall-like excrefcences more numerous than in 5. triandra. In the year 1754, there were found in place of the chives only the rudiments of tips fitting one on each fide of the honey-cup, appearing like 3 glands. Linn. — Leaves, the younger cottony. Spikes fhort, alternate. Threads 2, fomewhat longer than the pointal. Seed-hud woolly. Shaft fhort. Summits 2. Roth. ii. 109. Moift hedges. Plentifully about Ofien (Afhton according to Hudfon) Cumberland, 12 or 14 miles from Pereth, on the road to'Ncwcaftle. Ray. — [Mr. Hudfon conjectures this plant of Ray to be S. hermaphroditica . Mr. Curtis in his cat. p. 84, doubts, and I think with rcafon, of its being a native. It is to be ivifhed that the Botanifts of the North would afcertain the fpecies defcribed by Ray as growing in the place above mentioned. St.] T. March, April. Jmoth SA'LIX trian'dra. Leaves ferrated, fmooth. Chives 3. Linn. — and fometimes 2 in the fame catkin. Huds. Gmel. i. 34. 3. Very nearly allied to S. amygdalina. Linn. — Trunk tree-like, of a middling ftature. Branches rod-like, fmooth. Leaves alternate, on Ieaf-ftalks, fpear-fhaped, ferrated, pointed, naked, fea-green underneath, 1 to 3 inches long. Leaf-Jlalks fhort, channelled, naked, with and without leaf-fcalcs. Leaf-fcales 2, on the fides, roundifh, toothed. Glands 2, at the end of the leaf-ftalk. Catkins on fruit-ftalks, flrap-fhapcd, an inch long. Barren Flozvers: Cat- kin flrap-fhaped, an inch long, woollyifh. Threads very long. Tips roundifh, yellow. Fertile Flozvers: Catkin fmoothifh. Fruit-. f\alk leafy. Hul>s. — Generally a Jhruh, but fometimes a confidera- I Chives and Pointals Diftinft, II. Chives. i ioi ble tree. The barren plant very frequent, the fertile one I have feen only once. Mr. Wood. Salix folio amygdalino ulrinque aurito corticem abjiciens. R. fyn. 448 ? Hu d s . — This plant of Ray is referred by Du Roi to the S. auriculata of Mill. n. g, conlidering it to be a variety of S. triandra. Miller, however, regards it as didintd, and charadterifes it ai follows. Leaves ferrate d, fmooth, fpear-Jhaped, all alternate. St. Woods, hedges and banks of rivers. [About Leeds. Mr.WooD. — Lakenham near Norwich. Mr. Crowe.] S. or T. April. Thebarkindofesof 1 ora drams will cure agues. Med.Conm.v. 298. SA'LIX pentan'dra. Leaves ferrated, fmooth. fweet Chives 5. — FI. lapp. 8. z, leaf. — Gmel. i. 54. 1, leaves too narrow as Mr. Lightf. very jujlly obferves. — J. B. i. b. 216. 1. — FI. dan. 943, certainly not the plant, at lead not what has been. called fo by us, ■ the leaves being much too frpall, and not refembling ours in fhape. Mr. Woodward. From 6 to 10 feet high. Branches yellowilh purple. Buds con- fiding of 2 oppolite valves, fending out both catkins and leaves. Leaves yellowilh green ; the teeth at the edges pour out a yellow gum, fo that put frelh into a book and comprelftd, there remains as many yellow dots on the paper as there are teeth in the leaf. Catkins very yellow. Linn. — fweet feented. Lightf. — Leaves glof- fy, in hot weather exhaling an odoriferous perfume. Curt. — Honey -cups 3, yellowilh brown, 2 next the fpike-dalk, and the 3rd next the icale. Threads unequal, hairy towards the bafe. St. — 12 feet high or more. With. St. Bay-leaved Willow. — Woods and hedges. In the North of Eng- land, and Coomb Wood, Surry. — About Kilnfay and Carr End Wenfledale, where it is the mod common fpecies. Curt. — [Near Bungay, Suffolk, frequent. Mr. Woodward. — On the fide of a wet ditch, on the out fide of fome gardens without the Ead gate, Stafford. St.] S. April. The wood crackles greatly in the fire— The branches are cut to makefpringles. — Sheep and Goats eat it. — The leaves dried afford a yellow die. Linn. St. — Much' ufed in Yorklhire for making the larger fort of balkets. Curt. SA'LIX vitelli'na. Leaves ferrated, egg-fhaped, -y^/Zorc/ pointed, fmooth ; ferratures griftly. Leaf-flalks with cal- lous dots. — • Munt. 12.— Fuchs. 335, cop. in J. B. i. b. 214. 3. Perhaps nos DIOECIA DIANDRIA. Perhaps if this was neither cultivated nor cut, it might degene- rate into S. alba. Hall. Ofier holts, frequent. T. May. The fhoots are ufed by crate and bafket makers. almondleaved SA'LIX amygdah'na. Leaves ferrated, fmooth, fpear- fhaped, on leaf-folks. Props in (hape of an irregular fquare. — Park. 1430. 5, cop. in J. B. i. b. 215. 1. Very clofely allied to S. triandra, but the leaves broader and different. The leaf-fcales vary very much in this genus. Differs from 5. fragilis as follows. A fhrub. Branches red. Linn. Willow beds and banks of rivers. S. Apr. May. Horfes and Goats eat it. crack SA'LIX frag'ilis. Leaves ferrated, fmooth, egg- fpear-fhaped. Leaf-folks with glandular teeth. — Linn. f. lapp. 3. b.—Hunt. evel. 245, the branch with leaves; i. p. 238. ed. II. A tall tree. T ne branches , if ftruck with a finger, break off at . the fhoot of the prefent year. Fruit-Jlalks with 2 or 3 leaves at the bafe, often falling off. Linn. Woods, hedges, and banks of rivers. [Near Shottifham, Norf. Mr. Crowe.] - T. Apr. May. It will thrive in mod kinds of foil, if they are fufficiently moift. It is a quick grower, and bears cropping. The White Sattin Moth fometimes eats all its leaves.— The bark in dofes of 1 or 2 drams will cure agues. Med. comm. v. 298. purple SA'LIX purpu'rea. Leaves ferrated, fmooth, fpear- fiiaped, the lower ones oppofite. — Fuchf. 334, cop. in J. B. i. b. 2, the fcrratures too like hairs. A fhrub, fomewhat taller than a man. Branches rod-like, ex- ceedingly tough, in the fpring deep purple, often of a blood coral red without. Inner Bark of a brimftone colour. Leaf-buds both above and beneath the flower-buds, each containing 3 leaves applied tranfverfely to the flem. Flower-buds- beneath the ends of the branches. Catkins cylindrical, with 2 leaves. Empalement brown, hairy. Linn. Ofier beds. [Thorpe meadows near Norwich. Mr. Crowe.] S. Apr. May. Ballets, cradles, and all forts of twig-work, are made of its long, flendcr, and flexible fhoots. SA'LIX iio3 Chives and Pointals Diftind, II, Chives. SA'LIX He'lix. Leaves ferrated, fmooth, fpear-ftrap- rofe fhaped, the upper oppofite, oblique, Linn .—fome very entire , ufually very entire at the bafe. Lightfoot. Ger. em. 1389. 2. — J. B. i. b. 213. 2. Branches angular. Leaves when fully grown fea-green. Linn. — Chive 1. Haller and Du Roi doubt whether it be different from S. purpurea. Reich —Bark yellowifh. Twigs purple, not cylin- drical. Catkin compad, downy, with black fcales. Hedges, watery places, and lides of rivers. T. Apr. May. SA'LIX myrfini'tes. Leaves ferrated, fmooth, egg- whor tieleaved fhaped, veined. — FI. lapp. 8. /, a leaf; and 7. 6. Highland mountains. Lightfoot. — On the dope of a high hill between Kilnfay and Arncliff, Yorklhire. Curt. S. May, June. SA'LIX herba'cea. Leaves ferrated, fmooth, circular, herbaceous FI. lapp. 7. 3, barren plant — 8. h, a leaf. — FI. dan. 1x7. — FI. lapp. 7. 4, fertile plant. — Pluk. 436. 7. The fmalleft tree I am acquainted with. Branches hardly an inch long, and with feldom more than 3 leaves. Leaves nicked at the bafe. Leaf-fcales none. Fruit-Jlalk from the fame bud with the leaves. Pointals fmooth. Flowers yellow. Linn. On the lides of Snowdon, and on the mountains of Weftmore- land, Yorklhire, and Scotland. [Among the higheft rocks of Snowdon. Mr. Wood.— Summit of Skiddow, and other moun- tains in the North. Mr. Woodward.] S.May, June. ** Leaves fmooth, very entire. SA'LIX reticula1 la. Leaves very entire, fmooth, net-work egg-fhaped, blunt, Linn. — obfcurely hairy. Linn. J. B. i. b. 2 17, S. pum. fol. rot.— FI. dan. 212, the fingle leaf the' befi. — Fl.lapp. 7. 1, barren plant; and 2, fertile plant. — ib. 8. 1. A little larger than S. herbacea. Stem purplilh, fcarcely a finger s length. Buds nicked at the end, with 3 leaves. Leaves on leaf- ftalks, thick, large compared to the Item, obfcurely hairy when frefh, above green, wrinkled and fhining, fea-green, and with a net-work of veins underneath, the veins at firft red, at laft gieen. Spike from the fame bud with the leaves, blue. Props none. Capf. with very fine whitifh foft hairs. Linn. Mountains of Wales, Yorkfh. Cumberl. and Scotland. S. .May. SA'LIX ru'bra. Leaves very entire, fmooth, ftrap- red fpear-lhaped. Huds. Branches 1 104 round-eared downy Lapland fand DIOECIA DIANDRIA. Branches greenifh, tending to red. Leaves like thofe of S. viminalisf but wholly green. Buds reddifh. Catkins at firft red, afterwards greenifh yellow. Ray. Willow beds, but not common. Ofier holt between Maiden- head and Windfor, on the fide of the river near Salifbury. T. April, May. The twigs are much fought after by bafket makers, gardeners, &c. R. fyn. * * * Leaves very entire, woolly. S A 1 L I X auri'ta. Leaves very entire, woolly on both fides, inverfely egg-fhaped, furnifhed with appendages. — FI. lapp. 8. y, a leaf. Salix caprea 5 Huds. Woods and hedges. Dry mountainous heaths. Huds. — [Fre- quent about Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodw.] S. May, June. The fhoots are (lender, and tolerably flexible. • ♦ S A ' L I X lana'ta. Leaves woolly on both fides, roundifn, pointed? — FI. lapp. 7. 7; and 8. x, a leaf. Vallies in the Highlands- Finlarig at the head ofLoch Tay. Mr. Stuart in f. foot. S. May. S A'LIX lappo'num. Leaves very entire, hairy, fpear- fhaped. — FL lapp. 8. t. Highland mountains. Crey-chaillich and Mal-ghyrdy Breadal- bane. Mr. Stuart. S. June. S A'LIX arena'rla. Leaves entire, egg-fhaped, pointed, fomewhat woolly above, cottony underneath ? Gmel. i. 36. 1. — Ray 19. 3. — FI. lapp. 8. 0, and q, leaves rather too much fpear-Jhaped'. — (FI. dan , 197, does not agree with our plant.) Lightf. — (Hall. Jlirp. 5. 2, at p. 155, and repr. in hift. 14. 2, at i. p. 195, is exprefsly excluded in the fyft. veg. ed. xiii. and xiv. and Mant. pi. but through inattention retained by the editor of the fyjl. pi.) Of the height of a man. Stems upright, not much branched, afh-coloured or red. Leaves alternate, upright, thick, above green, wrinkled, in fome plants fmooth, in others (FI. lapp. 8. 0 .) the veins fprinkled with very fine, fcattered, juft perceptible hairs, underneath with ftrong veins, of a fnowy white, and covered with . . a thick; Chives and Pointals Diftind, II. Chives. 1 105 a thick down. Leaf-fcales in fome plants (FI. lapp. 8. q.) at the bafe of the leaf- fta Iks. Linn.— Probably a variety of S. repens. Lightf. Salix repens y Huds. . _ Sea fhores amongft loofe blowing fand, as in Cantire, between Macrianelh and Bar. Lightf.— On the dope of an high hill be- tween Kilnfay and ArnclifF, Yorkfhire. Curt. S. May. SALIX re'pens. Leaves very entire, fpear-fhaped, creeping nearly bare on both fides. Stem creeping. Linn.— Leaves very entire, fpear-fhaped, underneath woolly and fhinmg Huds.* Clus. i. 85, repr. in Dod. 843. 2, Ger. em. 1 3 9 1 - C0P’ tn Park. 1433- 2 an& 3’ G£r- I205' 6, an& J- b ^ 21^- 2* The fmalleft of our common Willows, and indeed fiercely larger than S. herbacea, the points only of the branches appearing above ground. Stem of the thicknefs of a finger. Branches rod-like, droopin'*- the letter branches fprinkled with white foft hairs. Leaves egg-fbaped, or egg-oblong, fmooth on both fides, fea-green underneath, on leaf-ftalks, the lowermoft tranfverfely oppofite, and fomewhat hairy. Leaf-fcales none. Catkins lateral. Capfules Teddrfh. Linn. c Salix repens (3 Hudfon. — S. hv.niths , Ger. em. 1391, St. Putney-Heath, in a wood by Weft Wickham, and Addington pear Croydon. [Boggy meadows frequent. Mr. Woodward.] S. April* B Salix repens « Huds. . , Clus. i. 86. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1 39 r • 8, cop. in Parn. 1435. 3. Either this or a variety of it, with leaves lilvery on both fides, was found near Sandwich, Kent. R.fyn. SA'LIX fufca. Leaves very entire, egg-fhaped, brown downy underneath. — FI. lapp. 8. r.—Lob. adv. 423, repr. in ic. ii. 138. 1, and cop. in J. B. i. b. 217. x. A fmali Jhrub, very low, creeping. Leaves very fmall, blunt, nearly fitting, alternate, fmooth and green, and at length of a blackifti green above, underneath fea-gTeen and {Lining, with very fine fcattered white filky hairs. Calkins without leaves, leveral, at the end of the laft year’s {Loots, generally turning blackifti. Buds nf 1 valve divided. Scales brown. Chives ycllowilL. Salix arenaria, £££%». ™ clofely allied. L..«. Salix m Including S, arenaria, fufca, and rofmrinifolio, as varieties. St 1 io6 DIOECIA DIANDRIA, Salix repens b Huds . — ( Cluj. i. 86. i, repr. in Dod. 844, Ger. em. 1391. 7, and cop. in Park. 1434. 2, and J. B. i. b. 214. r; cmd Ger. 1205. 7, are alfo referred to by Mr. Hudfon, but appear to me to be S.incubacea, which I am inclined to believe will prove to • • be a native fpecies. ) — . Heaths and turfy bogs'. g# May. rofemar y- SA’LI X rofmarinifo'lia. Leaves very entire, fpear- leaved ftrap-fhaped, quite ftraight, fitting, cottony underneath. Lob. obf. 568. 1, repr. in ic. ii. 137. 2, and cop. in Park. 1435. 4, and J. B. i. b. 214. 2. Leaves ftiap-fhaped, pointed, underneath fhining, fillcy, woolly, Leaffcales none. Li nn. — Twigs remarkably tough. Approaches neared to S. vitellina. Curt. SuIqc repens- i Hues. Low fields. Linn.— Found amongft Mr. J. Sherards dried plants, the place not named. R. Jyn. On the edge of a rivulet which runs into Semer Water, Wenfledale, Yorkfhire. Curt. * * * Leaves fomewhal fer rated; woolly. Sallow SA'LIX ca'prea. Leaves egg-fhaped ; wrinkled ; downy underneath ; waved, with little teeth towards the end. Linn.— elliptical, fomewhat ferrated, woolly above Huds.* 1 II. lapp. 8 . f. a leaf. Hunt. evel. 245. branches with catkins; i. p. 238. ed. II. FI. dan. 24 5.— Ger. 1203. 3> cop. in Ger. em. r39°- 3> and Bark. 1432. 1. Sometimes becomes a tree of confiderable fize. Branches when young palifh, and downy. Buds, the lower producing leaves, the upper catkins. Leaves Lightly taper-pointed each way, above "Veen and fcarce leofibly downy, underneath pale green with a very thin woollinefs ; the edge marked with fome notches not obvious unlefs catefully examined, but from the middle downy, evidently waved. Linn. Catkins not leafy. Bark brown, in the younger branches woolly, in the older fmooth. Branches tough. Leaves often 3 inches long, and 2 broad. Lenf-fcciles 2, femi-circular, ferrated, falling off. Flower buds of 1 valve, with 2 and 3 unequal divifions. Catkins thick. Scales brown, woolly. Chives fweet-feented, cloven half way down. Capfules hairy, filky. Du Rou— Branches tough, cylin- dncal, fmooth, reddifh. Leaves oblong-egg-fliaped, a little woolly undo neath . Leaf-JMks confiderably Ihorter than half the breadth of le leaves, nearly cylindrical, with a gland on each juft above the ‘ _ * ba fe . * Including S. aurila as a variety. With. Chives and Pointals Diftinft, II. Chives. 3107 bafe. Leaf-fcales minute, i on each, at the bafe of the leaf-ftalk. With. Salix caprea y Hudfon. — S. caprea , Mill. (St.) Mountain Ofier. Mill. Woods and hedges, Ray — in dry land and high fituations. Mill. S. or T. April, May. The branches being brittle, are unfit for bafket-makers, but it is frequently cultivated for fuel. Mill. — This requires a dryer foil than any of the other fpecies, for it will thrive upon the drieft hills. It may be topped every fecond or third year. — The wood is -fmooth, and foft. It is converted into charcoal for mak- ing gun-powder and drawing pencils. — The Laplanders and in- habitants of the Hebrides ufe the bark for tanning leather, and the Swedes contrive to manufacture it into a kind of gloves. They give a decodtion of the leaves for the heart-burn. — The flowers are particularly grateful to Bees, and the leaves and (hoots are eaten by Horfes, Cows, Goats and Sheep. The Papilio Iris , the high- flyer Moth; the fcarce Silver-line-Moth, and the Copper under- wing Moth feed upon it. Li nn. — About the time of Palfn-Sunday the children in the neighbourhood of London, Newcaftle-under- line, and probably many other parts of the ifland, gather the flower- ing branches, calling them palms. St. g Huns. — Leaves long and pointed. Ray. St.; — Frequent about Oxford. R. fyn. Lob. ic. ii. 137. 1, repr. in Cer. em. 1390. 4, and cep . in Park I432/ 2- . , y Leaves elliptical, taper-pointed. St. Got. 1203. 4. — Gars. 5°9* — J-B., i. b. 215. 3* Lrag;. 1078, cap. in Lon. i. 25. 2. a. $ Huds. — S. aurita, which fee. £ Huds. — Leaves fmall, rounder. Hedges near Chiflelhurft are fome trees of confxderable height. R.fyn. — Dry mountainous heaths. Huds. Leaves oblong-egg-fhaped, taper-pointed, wrinkled, cottony underneath. Mill. S. acuminata. Mill. — S. caprea « Huds. Common Sallow. — Hedges, commonly fuch as are moift. Ray. SA’LIX vimina'lis. Leaves moftly very; entire, fpear- Ofier flrap-fhaped, very long, pointed, filky underneath. Branches rod-like. J. B. i. b. 212. 2. — Fuchf. 336. — (Muni. 12. is S. vitellina, and Hunt. evel. 245, S.jragilis.) A (lender 1 108 i DIOECIA DIANDRIA. A Render and very tall Jhrub. Leaf and fimver-buds diftimft as in S. caprea. Leaves rolled back at the edges before they are unfolded. Linn. — Leaves above deep Alining green, underneath greyilh, clofely befet with very fine fhort hairs lying clofe to the fubftance of the leaf. Leaf-Jlalks about half as long as the breadth of the leaf. Afmall tongue-fhaped glandular fubftance fixed to the ftem, juft above the infertion of the leaf-ftalk, in the upper part of which there is a hollow to receive it. Leaf-Jcales minute, i on each fide the bafe of each leaf-ftalk. With. Salix folio longiff mo. R. fyn. 450. St. Ofier. Willow-beds, woods and hedges. S. April, May. The branches are much ufed for making hoops and the larger forts of bafkets. It is often planted to prevent the banks of rivers from being wafhed away by the force of the current; and it forms a hedge very ufeful in keeping off winds.— Horfes, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. Li n n. — Putcheons and wheels for catching Eels, and bird-cages’ are made of the twigs. St. white SA'LI X al'ba. Leaves fpear-fhaped, taper-pointed, ferrated, dou'ny on both fides ; the lowermoft ferratures glandular. — Blackw. 327. Adattn. 199 1 i Wit. in Dod. 84.3. 1, which repr. in Lob. obf 567. 2, ic. ii. 136. 2, Ger.em. 1389. 1, andcop.in Park.' 1430. 1. Gars. 508* — Ger. 1203, i.—J. B. \.b. 212. x* — T’rai- 1 °77» cop. in Lon. i. 25. 2 :b. This and S. fragilis are the largeft of the fpecies. Linn.-- Bark fmooth and whitifh. Salix arborea angujlifolia alba vulgaris. Park. 1430. (St.) Common Willow. — Woods and hedges. ’ p. April. It loves a moift and open lituation ; grows quick, and bears lopping. The Rev. Mr. Stone, in the Phil. Tranf. liii. p. 195. gives us an account of the great efficacy of the bark of this tree in curing intermitting Fevers.’ He gathers the bark in fummer, when it is full of fap; dries it by a gentle heat, and gives a dram of it powdered every four hours between the fits. In a few obfti- nate cafes he mixed it with one fifth part of Peruvian bark. It is remarkable that intermittents axe moft prevalent in wet countries; and this tree grows naturally in fuch fituations.. Whilft the Peru- vian bark remained at its ufual moderate price it was hardly worth while to feck for a fubftitute; but now its price is more than oubled, and the fupply from South America hardly equal to the con umption, we may expecft to find it dearer and more adulte- rated every year. The White Wi llo w Bark is therefore likely to become an objedl worth the attention of phyficians, and if its fuccefs 1109 Chives and Pointals Diftind, II. Chives. fuccefs upon a more enlarged fcaie of practice proves equal to Mr. Stone’s experiments, the world will be much indebted to that gen- tleman for his communication. The bark of S. triandra and j'ragilis have the fame pfoperties.— This bark will tan leather.— Horles, Cows, Sheep and Goats eat it. The different fpecies of it fupport the following infers. Papilio Anliopa , and Polychloros ; Sphinx Ocellata, Populi; Phalcena $tiercifolia , Rubi, Lanejlris, Vinula, Difmal Moth, Phalcena Salicis, Phalcena Buce- phala, Monacha, Ziczac, Ccffus, Willow red-under-wing Moth, ' Phalcena Pact a, Citrago, Cream bordered Pea-green Moth, Phalcena Sali- cella, Bufhy Prominent Moth, Phalcena Pavonia, Libatrix, Pfi, Wil- low Beauty Moth; Tenthredo Lutea, Caprea, Rujlica ; Ichneumon Glomeratus ; Aphis Salicis, Chryfomela Polita, Chryfomela Sericca ; Cur- culio Nebulojus ; Coccinella 14 Guttatus, Cicada Cornuta. The fpecies' of this genus are very difficult to make out. Soils of various kinds, as marfhy, fandy, mountainous, and warm, have effedled fuch wonderful changes on the fpecies that Botanifts have been often at a lofs to what fpecies they ffiould refer feveral individual plants. Add to this that the defcriptions are altogether imperfect and unfcientific. Their hiRory therefore mud be begun anew, in which cafe let thp names of the old authors be rejected, left dubious fynonyms ffiould occafion a confulion among plants in themfelves diftindt ; and let the fpecies be defcribed in Local Hiftories and Literary Colledlions, holding in view the following circumftances. 1. Buds, whether of 1 or more valves. 2. The difpqfition and folding of the leaves within the bud. 3- Catkins, whether from the fame or a diftindt bud, above. or below the leaves. 4. Leaves ferrated or very entire; their Jurfoces naked or woolly. 5. Chives, their number. 6. Whether Trees, Shrubs, orcreeping. Linn. —In confequence of the above remarks I examined pretty atten- tively the flowers of all the fpecies that I copld meet with, in hopes that the ftrudlure of the parts of fructification, and in particular of the honey-cup, might afford fome more certain marks of eflen-^ tial fpecific difference, marking the trees with a knife that I might afeertain to what fpecies the flowers which I had examined belong- ed. But being abfent from home during the remainder of the year I loft the opportunity of compleating my obfervations. I purpofe, however, to refume them, unlefs Mr. Curtis fhall foon favour the world with the refult of his obfervations on the numerous fpecies which I know he has cultivated in his Botanic Garden at Lambeth, fince the year 177ft. St. 4C Voi. II. Order o DIOECTA TRIANDRIA. Order III. i ■ • • •. , ■ ‘ r TRIANDRIA; III. CHIVES. 1202. EM'PETRUM. Crow-berry. B. Barren Flowers. Empal. Cup with 3 divifions. Segments egg-fhaped ; permanent. Bloss. Petals 3; oblong-egg-fhaped ; n'arroweft at the bafe; larger than the cup ; (hrivelling. . Chives. Threads 3; hair-like; very long ; hanging down. Tips upright ; fhort ; cloven. F. Fertile Flowers. Empal, Cup as above. Bloss. Petals as above. Point. Seed-bud deprefled. Shaft hardly any. Summits 9 ; bent back, and expanding. S. Vess. Berry round and flat; deprefled; larger than the cup ; with 1 cell. Seeds 9; placed in a jointed circle; hunched on one fide ; angular on the other. Ess. Char. B. Empal. with three divifions. Blofs. of 3 petals. Chives long. F. Empal. with 3 divifions. Blofs. of 3 petals. Shafts 9. Berry with 9 feeds. Obs. Sometimes, though very rarely, flowers have been found containing both chives and pointals. black EM'PETRUM ni'grum . Trailing Mill. ill. — Tourn. 421. 3. — Matth. 154. — Cluj. i. 45. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1383. 9, and cop in Park. 1483. 2. — Cam. epic. 77, cop. in J. B. i. a. 526. A fmall Jhruh, drooping. Bark, the outer fealing off, brown ; »he inner yellow. Branches rough from the remains of the Jeaf- Italks. Bud terminating, of 3 leaves; the leaves membranaceous, hairy at the edge, producing 5 little branches, 4 of which are in a whorl. Leaves in fours, nearly 3-fquare, with a white ftrap*fhaped keel, on leaf-ftalks. Floioers from the bofom of the leaves, fitting, folitary, Chives and Pointals diftind:, III. Chives. \ folitary, furrounded by a floral-leaf, fometimes barren and fertile on diftindl plants, fometimes on the fame plant, and fometimes with chives and pointals in the fame flower. Floral-leaf with 3 di- vifions, forming a kind of outer cup. Empalement whitifh. Petals and Threads purple. Tips brownifh black. Fertile plant fimilar to the Barren one. Stem redder. Leaves deep green, in fives. Point. black. Berries brownifh black. Prof. Jacquin has lately found feveral plants with flowers containing chives and pointals. I for- merly met with a Angle plant of that kind, but it was only 1 in ten thoufand. Linn. — Stems trailing, much branched, the lower part naked, and rough from the remains of the fallen leaves. Leaves nearly ftrap-fhaped, often bent back. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves rounded at the end, flat above, fomewhat downy at the edge, con- vex underneath, with a white line along the middle, hollow within, expanding, generally in threes, but often fcattered. I.eaf-Jlalks flatted, veryfhort, brown, laid-to. Empalement double ; the outer of 3 leaves with a 4th at the bafe; leaves egg-fhaped, concave, up- right, reddifh, membranaceous and finely ferrated at the edge; the inner as long again, whitifh with red here and there, fegments roundifh egg-fhaped. St. — Leaves fitting, fmooth above, glan- dular underneath, woolly at the edges, and rolled back fo that the edges meet on the under fide. Empalement, fegments concave, very minutely ferrated. Petals dark purplifh red. Tips full flelh-colour. With. (Lob. ic. 621. Bauh. hifi. i. p. 526. to be erafed in Syjl. pi. being an erroneous addition of Reichard’s.) St. Black-berried Heath. Crow-berries. Crake-berries. Moift mountains and high heaths, both in the drieft andmofl barren rocky foils, and in bogs and moorifh grounds. Staffbrdfh. Derbyfh. and the Northern counties, frequent. S. Apr. May. The Highlanders frequently eat the berries, as do fometimes children, but they are no very definable fruit, and if taken in large quantities occafion head-ache — Groufe feed upon them — Boiled with alum they afford a dark purple dye. Goats are not fond of it; Cows, Sheep and Horfes refufe it. 1 1 12 DIOECIA TETRANDRIA, Order IV. TETRANDRIA; IV. CHIVES . 1209. VIS'CUM. Miffeltoe. B. Barren Flowers. Empal. Cup with 4 divifions ; leaves egg-fhaped; equal. Bloss. none. Chives 4. 'Threads none. Tips oblong-; tapering; 1 fixed to each leaf of the cup. F. Fertile Flowers mojlly growing oppojite the others. Empal. Cup, leaves 4; egg-fhaped; fmall; fitting on the feea-bud ; deciduous. Bloss. none. Point. Seed-bud beneath ; oblong; 3-edged ; indiftin£l- ly crowned with a border with 4 clefts. Shaft none. Summit blunt ; a little notched. S. Vess. Berry globular ; with 1 cell ; fmooth. Seed fingle; inverfely heart-fhaped ; comprelfed; blunt; flefiiy. Ess. Char. B. Empal. with 4 divifions. Blofs. o. Threads o. Tips growing to the empalement. F. Empal. of 4 leaves ; above. Shaft o. Blofs. o. Berry with 1 feed. Seed heart-fhaped. white ^ VIS'CUM album. Leaves fpear-fhaped, blunt. Stem forked. Spikes in the bofom of the leaves. — Mill. ill. — Sheldr. 20. — Blackw. 184. — Fuchf. 329, abr.in Lon. i. 55- 2. — Matth. 806. — Cam. epit. 555. — Frag. 949 .—Dod. 82G, repr. in Lob. nbf. 361 . 1 ; ic. i. 636. 2, Ger. em. 1350. 1, ami cop. in Park. 1393. i.—Gars. 628.— Ger. 1168. 1. A lingular paralitical evergreen Jhmb without a root. The barren plant oppofite to the fertile one. Linn. — The Root infintiates its Hbres into the woody fitbftance on the tree on which it grows. Blojfqm greenilh white. Berries whitifh. Miffeltoe. Miff'd. — Moftly on Apple trees, alfo on the Pear, - Hawthorn, Service, Oak, Hafel, Maple, All), Lime-tree, Wil- low, Elm, &c. K at. —Rarely on the Oak. Hunt. evel.—[Fcw Chives and Pointals diftintft, IV. Chives. near Boxley Hill, Kent, not far from Kit Coity Houfe. Mr.T.F. Hill. — Hawthorn in Burleigh Park. Apple-tree in Norfolk and Suffolk. AJh a Angle inftance. Mr. Woodward.— In Derbyfh. and obferved only on Oaks, but in Worcefterfh. and Herefordfh. only on Apple-trees, or fometimes on Limes, and in one inftance on a Plane-tree, near Lord Coventry’s menagerie, Croome, Wor- cefterfhire. St.] . S. May. Birdlime may be made from the berries and from the bark— The Mifleltoe Bird, the Fieldfare, and theThrufh eat the berries, the feeds of which pafs through them unchanged, and along with their excrements adhere to the branches of trees, where they vege- tate Some authors obferving that the roots are always inferted on the under fide of the branches, deny this method of propaga- tion • but they do not recoiled that the rains will foon wafh them into that fituation, though it is highly probable that they firft fell upon the upper fide of thebranch-No art hath yet been invented to make thefe plants take root in the earth.— Sheep eat it very greedily, and it is frequently cut off .the trees for them in hard weather. It isfaid to preferve them from the rot. Mr. Ho llefear. —If the berries when fully ripe, be rubbed on the fmooth bark of almoft any tree they will adhere clofely and produce plants the following winter. In the garden of Mr. Collins of Knarefboroug , are many large plants of it produced in this manner on the dwarf Apple-tree. Hunt. evel.-It was for merly in great repute as a remedy for Epileptic and other complaints; but it is now very much difregarded; and indeed its fenfible qualities prormfe but little. I I 13 4C3 1210, HIP- 1 1 14 common DIOECIA TETRANDRIA. 1*10. HIPPOPH'AE. Sallow-thorn. i B. Barren Flowers. Empal. Cup, leaf i; divided into 2 parts; forming 2 valves; undivided. Segments circular ; blunt; con- cave; upright, but the points approaching; open at the tides. 1 Bloss. none. Chives. Threads 4; very fhort. “2% oblong ; angular; almoit as long as the cup. F. Fertile Flowers. Empal. Cup, leaf 1 ; oblong egg-fhaped; tubular; re- fembhng a club ; cloven at the rim ; deciduous, ij Loss. none. Point. Seed-bud roundifh ; fmall. Shaft fimple ; very ihort. Summit rather thick ; oblong ; upright • twice as long as the cup. r 5 ’ S. Vess. Berry globular; with 1 cell. Seed tingle; roundifh. Ess Char. B. Empal. tenth 2 divifions. Blofs. o. F. Emfal. with 2 clefts. Blofs. o. Shaft i. Berry with i feed. HIPPOPH'AE Rhamnoides. Leaves fpear-fliaped.— C7eMr8l’ T “J'F 33— Dad. 755. ,._R 5- Gtef. 38. Matth. 156, cop. in Lon. ii. 8. 2. — CM. i no. 1 repr. inLob obj. ,598. 3; fc. ii. 180. 1, Gcr. cm. 1334.' 2, and cop. in Park. 1006. 1. LTtS ,fprinklcd wilI> *** i fcales crowded, arget-fhaped . fringed, pale. Flowers folitary, appearing before the leaves generally aborfve, unlefs growing in its natural (iteration Batin, flowers below the leaves, between a branch and a bud. Bud rn tVtT’ pe,TTf’ " °"S 35 ‘he FertUe fitting, ■n the bofotn of the lowernroft leaves. Li n n. — Leaves ftrap-fpear- ne«h ’evhh'aftrr’ ®*en.abo""Willi whitilh fcalcs, white under- eath, with a fliong prominent mid-rib, which has a correfpond- ng funow on the upper furface, edges tifually fomeivhat bent fag 'flnMT°fti7ir'~'S*r18f'eV,iSh. •B™«te"'idelyfpread- fp ted Ce" fr"S Mlrl>r ,illinS> fomewhat 1P ked, difpofed in 4 rows along the lefTer branches. Fruit-flalks cylindrical, very fhort. Floral-leaves oblong, concave, expanding, as long Chives and Pointals diftinft, IV. Chives. 1 I X5 long as the empalement, reddifh brown, foraevyhat flefhy, falling off with the Howers, fprinkled .with fcales fnnilar to thofe of the leaves; circular, fkinny, reddifh brown. Empalement, leaves circu- lar-egg-fhaped, fprinkled on the out-fide with fcales. Cluves up- right, Inferted in the bottom of the empalement. Tips : with 12 cells, and 4 valves, brownifh yellow, after fhedding their duft fhff and angular. Dujl nearly globular, angular, brownifh. yellow, opake, when moiftened with water globular, tranfparent. St. Sea Buckthorn. Sallow-thorn.— Set fhore, in fand. Lindfey coaft, Lincolnfhire; Sandwich, Deal and Folkftone, Kent; Whitby arid Lyth, Yorkfhire.— Ifle of Sheepy. [Cley and Shernngham Cliffs, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe.— Between Yarmouth and V interton. N u ,TT n S. April, May. Cows refufe it; Goats, Sheep and Horfes eat it. Ihebcmes are very acid, with an auftere vinous flavour, and the.fiflieimen o the gulph of Bothnia prepare a rob from them, which added to frefh fifh imparts a very grateful flavour. In funny fand) 1 na- tions it is planted for hedges. Linn. 3211. MYRI'CA. Gale. B. Barren Flowers. Empal. Catkin oblong egg-fhaped ; tiled on every Met limber ; confiding of Scale: me of ng a (ingle floweT , crefeent-fhaped ; tapering to a blunt point ; concave. Individual Cup, none. Chives. Threads 4 ; fometimes, but rarely 6 ; thread- ftapedVlhort ; upright. Tips large ; double; with the lobes cloven. F. Fertile Flowers . Empal. as above. Point. fomewhat egg-fhaped. Shafts thread- (haped ; longer than the cup. Summits hmple. S. Vess. Berry oi 1 cell. SE£sS fCuA*R. B. Scales of the Catkins crejcent-jhaped. Blofs. o. f. Scales of the Catkins crefcent-Jhaped. Blofs o. Shafts 2. Berry with 1 feed. Obs In M. Gale the fruit is a dry berry, or rather a leather-like coat, compretfed at the end^aod formed of three lobes. ^ ^ ^ ^ 9 1 1 1 6 DIOECIA TETRANDRIA. fWee> fem.eYdR1S?em ^ ' *“"»* FI. dan. 32 j.—Ger. 1228 .—Gars. 397, leaves too blunt.— Dod. 780. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1414 .-j. B. i. b. 225.-L.0b. adv. 417, repr. in ic. ii. no. 2. — Lob. obf. 547. 2, cop. in Park. 145I* 5- Stemsimootb, ruR-coloured, fprinkled with whitedots. Flower-buds above the leaf-buds, at the ends of the branches, whence as foon as the fructification is compleated, the end of the branch dies, the leaf-buds which are on the fades (hoot out, and the Item becomes compound. Buds compofed of 9 leafy, lining fcales ; the firft nearly oppofite, very fhort, rectangularly pointed; the reft e"g- fhaped, blunt. Leaves convoluted, fprinkled with refinous points, fenated towards the end, on leaf-fialks. Flowers appearing before tie leaves.. Fertile fpike oblong, compofed of 5 rows, and in each low 5 ernes, /jerries thickifh, roundifh, angular, taper pointed, wnh 3 fallow clefts, a fmall tooth being fixed to each, fprinkled with golden refinous dots. Li nn.— Catkins barren and fertile on the lame plant. . In other fpecimens from the fame fpot the different catkins on diflindt plants. St. Gale. Goule. Sweet Willow. , Dutch Myrtle.— [Bwrli or the emetic plant ; and Gnwyrddlmg or the green plant, by the Welfh.] Bogs, marfhy and moorifh ground in Cornwall and Devonfliire, Highlands and Hebrides, Fens of the Ifle of Ely, about Wareham Horletlhire, by the rivulet between Shap and Auno Well Wefl- morland. [Plentifully on the banks of Derwentwater, Cumberland. Un the drier parts of the wet moors near Whitgift, Yorkfhire, 4 miles from the confluence of Oufe and Trent. Mr. Woodward, — Ranaugh and Derfingham Moors, Norfolk. Meffr.PiTCHFORp and Crowe:.— -Fens of Cambridgefhire, and near Rajnfey in Hunt- ingdonshire. In the North very common. Mr. Woodward.— On the North fide of Aqualate Mere, StafFordfh. With —The fpe- cimens of barren and fertile Catkins on the fame plant, on a heath beLween Kilhn and the mountain Ben More, Scotland. St.] The northern nations formerly ufed this plant inftead of hops7; but unlefs it be .boiled a long time it is apt to occafion head-ache— 1 he catkins boded in water throw up a waxy fcum, which gather- ed m fufficient quantity would make candles From another fpe- "”.?f t the Mynca cerifexa the myrtle candles are pre- Sn AT r° *a cai{-fk'^s— Horfes and Goats eat it ; Sheep and Cows refufe it.-Gathered in the autumn it dyes wool T\ lV'ir '|NN'k ^ ^ eiP1 ma^e u^c it for the fame purpofe. *<7 a 0 ay ranches of it upon and under their beds to keep off fleas Chives and Pointals diftind, V. Chives. fleas and moths, and give it as a vermifuge in'powder and infu- (ion, and apply it alfo externally to the abdomen. Penn, wales ii. P- T47- * V Order V. ! ' ' \ PENT A N D R I A; V. CHIVES. 1221. HU’MULUS. Hop. B. Barren Flowers. E.vipal. Cup , leaves 5 ; oblong; concave; blunt. Bloss. none. Chives. Threads 5 ; hair-like; very fhort. Tips oblong. F. Fertile Flowers. Em pal. General fence with 4 clefts ; (harp. Partial fence, leaves 4 ; egg-fhaped ; inclofing 0 florets, each of which is furnifhed with a Cup of 1 leaf; egg-fhaped ; very large ; flat on the outer fide ; approaching at the bafe ; obliquely ex- panding ; entire. Bloss. none. Point. Seed-bud very fmall. Shafts 2; awl-fhaped; bent back, and (landing wide. Summits fharp. S. Vess. none. The Cup clofing at the bafe contains the feed. Seed i ; roundifh; covered by a coat. Ess. Char. B. Empal. of 5 leaves. Blofs. o. F. Empal. of 1 leaf; obliquely expanding ; entire. Blofs. o. Shafts 2. Seed 1 ; within a leafy empalement. HU'MULUS lu'pulus .— Mill- ill— Gars. ^.—Blackw. 536. a. b.—Clus. i. 126. 2, repr. in Dod. 409. 1, Lob. dbf. 347. 2; ic. i. 629. 1, Ger. em. 885, and cop. in Park. 177, and Ger. 737. 1, fertile plant.— Cam. epit. 933, fertile plant ; 934, barren plant. — Fuchf. 164, ill.abr. in. J. B. ii. 151.— Frag. Qi2.—Matth. 1213 .—Ger. 737.— J. D. ii. 152. — Lon. i. 208. 3. Stems climbing. Leaves lobed, ferrated. Flgwers greenifh yellow. Hops.— In hedges. p- Junj- I I 17 common K DIOECIA PENTANDRIA. If the hop-yards were covered with ftones, the plants would be lefs liable to fuffer from the honey-dew or from the Otter- Moth ; for the honey-dew is the excrement of a fpecies of Aphis, but thefe infecfts feldom increafe fo as to endanger the plant, unlefs it is in a weak condition ; and the larvae of the Otter-Moth at the roots, hi ft occafion the plant to be fickly. Now when the hop grows wild in ftony places and in fiftures of rocks, where the moth can- not penetrate to depolit its eggs, the hop is never known to fuffer from the honey-dew. The flowers of the fertile plants are very generally infufed in wort or boiled along with it to prevent the ale or beer growing four. — The young fhoots are eaten early in the fpring as fparagus, and are fold under the name of Hop-tops — Strong cloth is made in Sweden from theftalks. For this purpofe they muft be gathered in autumn, foaked in water all winter; and in March , after being dried in a ftove they are dreffed like flax.— Horfes, Cows, fheep, Goats and Swine eat it.— The Papiliojo, C. album,, the Otter, Phal(ena Humuli and Rojlralis live upon it. — It will dye wool yellow. — What is that electrical murmur like very diftant thunder when the hop-poles are fhaken by wind? Linn. Soil and cultivation occafion fome varieties, as the Garlic, Long White, and Oval Hop; but for the common purpofes of brewing they are diftinguifhed as Kentijh or Worcefterjhire Hops. — A decoc- tion of the Roots, or 20 or 30 grains of the extract is faid to be fu- doi ific and to anfwer the purpofes of the Sarfaparilla. Chives and Pointals Diftinft, VI. Chives. 1119 Order V I. HEXANDRIA; VI. CHIVES . 1 - ✓ 1224. TA'MUS. Lady-feal. B. Darren Flowers. ’ Empal. Cub with 6 divilions ; leaves egg-fpear-fhaped ; expanding towards the top. Bloss. none. Chives. Threads 6 ; fimple ; fhorter than the cup. Tips notched at the end. F. Fertile Flowers. Empal. Cup, leaf 1 ; with 6divifions; bell-fhaped; ex- panding. Segments fpear-fhaped ; fuperior ; falling off. Bloss. Petals none. Honey-cup, an oblong dot at the bafe of each feg- ment of the cup, on the inner fide. Point. Seed-bud beneath ; oblong-egg-fhaped ; large; ifraooth. Shaft cylindrical, as long as the cup. Sum- mits 3 ; refiefted ; notched at the end ; (harp. S. V ess. Berry egg-fhaped ; with 3 cells. Seeds 2; globular. Ess. Char. B. Empal. with 6 divifons. Blofs, o. F. Empal. with 6 divifions. Blofs. o. Shaft with 3 clefts. Berry with 3 cells; beneath. Seeds 2. TA'MUS commu'nis. Leaves heart-fhaped ; un* Bryony divided. — Mill. ill. — Blackw. 457. — Gifeck. 22. — Dod. 401, repr. in Lob. obf. 344; ic. i. 625. 1, Ger. em. 871, and cop in Park. 178. 6, y. B. ii. 148, and H. ox. i. 1.6. — Ger. 721. 1. — Matth. 1285. — Gars. 182. — Cam. epit. g88. Bunches lateral, in the barren plant longer, in the fertile plant fhorter than the leaf-ftalks. Scop. — Stems trailing. Leaves alter- nate, heart-fhaped at the bafe, fuddenly narrowed into fpear-fhaped, and taper-pointed at the end, dark green, fmooth, and fhining. Barren flowers in bunches. Bunches loofe, from the bofom of, and longer than the leaves. Empalemenl : fegmenls, 3 pointed, fome^ what I 120 DIOECIA OCTANDRIA. •what bent bach, the other 3 blunt and more expanding, giving the whole a triangular out-line. Fertile Jlowers lew. Bunches branched, much fhorter than the leaves. Barren plant : Bunches compound, the lowermoft branch fometimes longer than the leaf-ftalk, at right angles with the fpike-ftalk. Empalement of 1 leaf, bell-fhaped; feg- ments bent back. Threads almoft connected .at the bafe, the ends bent back. Tips roundilh. Fertile plant: Empalement , tube fur- rounding the feed-bud, fhrivelling. St. — The barren plants ; Leaves varying from kidney to heart-fhaped and triangularly fpear- fhaped. With. — Root very large. Stems twining. Blojfoms greenilh. Bernes red. Black Briony. — Thickets and Hedges. . p. June. The young fhoots are good eating when dreffed like fparagus — The root is acrid and ftimulating. — Horfes will not eat this plant. Order VII. OCTANDRIA; VIII. CHIVES. 1228. POP'ULUS. Poplar. B. Barren Flowers. Empal. Common Catkin oblong ; loofely tiled ; cylindri- cal ; confining of Scales, inclofing a {ingle flower ; oblong ; flat ; ragged at the edge. Bloss. Petals none. Honey-cup 1 leaf ; turban-fhaped beneath ; tubu- lar; ending at the top obliquely, in an egg-fhaped border. Chives. Threads 8; extremely fhort. Tips 4-edged; large. % O F. Fertile Flowers. Empal. Catkin and Scales as above. Bloss. Petals none. Floncy-cup as above. Point. Seed- hud egg-fhaped, buttapering. Shaft hardly difcernible. Summit with 4 clefts. S. Vess. Capfule egg-fhaped ; with 2 cells. Valves 2. Seeds numerous ; egg-lhaped ; furnifhed with a hair-like Feather. Ess. Char. Chives and Pointals DiftmcH:, VIII. Chives. 1121 Ess. Char. B. Empal. of the Catkin a lorn fcale. Blofs. " pear-Jhaped; oblique; entire. F Empalement and blojfom as in the barren flowers. Summit * with 4 clefts. Capjule with 2 cells. Seeds many; downy. POP'ULUS al'ba. Leaves nearly circular, toothed white and angular; cottony underneath, Linn.— more nearly triangular than circular:. With. Hunt. evel. 208; i. p. 201. ed. II.— Spelt, de la Hat. 31. 2, at n. p. 292, cop. in Hat. delin. 20. 2, at 11. p. 312.— Matth. 130* cop. in Cam. epit. 65, with the addition of a flowering branch , which cop. inf. B. i. b. 160. 1, and abridged in Ger. 1301. 1. —Dod. 835, repr. in Ger. em. i486. 1 ; and cop. in Park. 1410. 1, and imitated in Lob. obf. 6og. 1, which repr. in ic. ii. 193. —Garf. 467. A. a.—(Blackw . 548> is P- mSra-) Tree very tall. Leaves without glands, either at the bate or fer- ratures. Flowers exaftly fimilar to thofe of P. tremula. Linn. - Leaves fmooth, and blackifh green above, with a white thick cotton underneath. Ray. With .-Leaf-flalks flatted, and grooved on each fide. With. - _ 1 Abele Trie.- Hedges, woods, and near brooks. 1 . March. It loves low fituations, and flourifhes beft in clay. It grows quick, and bears cropping, but it is unfavourable to pafturage. The wood is foft, white, and ftringy, and makes good wainfcot- ing, being but little fubject tp fvvell or fhrink. Floors, laths, pack- ing boxes, and turners ware are made of it. Horfes, Sheep, and Goats eat it. Cows are not fond oi it. B Leaves fmaller. Ray, ■ -d 1 Lob. ic. ii. 193. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1487. 5, ««* cop. in Park. 1410. 2, and J. B. i. b. 160. 2. 7, No place of growth mentioned either by Ray, or Mr. Lightfoo who cites Gerard s figure. St. I POP'ULUS tre'mula. Leaves circular, toothed and trembling angular, fmooth on both fides. — UBlackw. 248. 2. — Matth. 139, neatly cop. in Cam. e pit. 67, ^hthe addition of a flowering branch, which re-cop. m }•,••• 3* with the teeth nearly obliterated ; roughly cop. in Ger. 1302. 3 » cop. in Dod. 836.2, with the addition of a trunk, wind "H^Lo . 1 6,o. ic. ii. .942, Ger.™. .487.3, and cop. m Pari. 1411. 4. — Trag. .083, cop. in Lonic. i. =6. 4, «!* leaves made too pointed , Leaves I 122 D IOECIA OCTANDRIA, Leaves rolled inwards, with 2 glands running one into the other on the inner fide above the bafe. Li ^ .-Leaf-ftalks flatted towards the end, whence the trembling of its leaves. Go u an.— The fame takes place m .9. alba and nigra . The plane of the leaf-ftalks is at right angles to that of the leaves, which allows the leaves a much freer motion than could have taken place had their planes been parallel. St. AJp. Afpen. AJpen Tree. Moifl: woods, and in boggy ground. 'p ]^jar ^ It will grow in all fixations, and in all foils, but worft in clay* It impovenfhes the land; its leaves deftroy the grafs, and thenu merous fiioots of the roots fpread fo near the furface of the earth that they will not permit any thing elfe to grow. It is eafily tranf- planted. The wood is extremely light, white, fmooth, woolly, loft ; durable in the air. -The barlois the principal food of Beavers The bark of the young trees is made into torches.— The leaves’ and leaf-ftalks fornetimes are fet with red globular fubftances" about as large as a Pea, which are the nefts of the Tipula mniperina. Sheep and Goats eat it. Horfes and Swine refufe it. bhd POP'ULUS ni'gra. Leaves trowel -fit aped, taperine to a point, ferrated r 1 s Blackw. 548, and 248. 1. -Ionic, i. 26. i.-Mattk. 137, cop. in Cam. epit. 66, with the addition of a flowering branch and catkin, which cop m Park. 1410.3, andJ.B. i. b. r55, and with the addition of a trunk in Lob. obf. 609. 2, repr. in ic. ii. 194. lf and aljo m Dod. 836. 1 , which repr. in Ger. em. i486. 2.— Gar f. 467. B. b.—Ger. 1301. 2 .—Trag. 1080. Leaves without any glands at the bafe, but the ferratures glandu- ar _°" t ie'nnrer flde* Chtves as many again as in P. tremula. Linn. —Chives 16. Leers. — Leaf-Jlalks yellowilh. Black Poplar.— Near rivers and wet fhady places. T March It loves amoift black foil; grows rapidly, and bears cropping - / he wood ls not aPt ^ fplinter. — The bark being light like cork ferves to fupport the nets of fifhermen — The red fubftances like berries upon the leaf-ftalks, as large as a cherry, hunched on one fide, and gapmg on the other, are occafioned by an infedl called Aphis Burfana.- Horfes, Cows, Sheep, and Goats eat it. ie feveral fpecies fupport the following infedls : Sphinx Populi ; Phalxna Vmula, populi, fafcelina, Orange under-wing Moth; Aphis Popult;. Uryjomela Pohta, Populi ; Curcidio Tortrix; Cimex Populi; Sphinx Apijorvus. 1 122 9. RHODI'OLA. Chives and Pointals Diftind, VIII. Chives. 1123 1229. RHODI'OLA. Rofe-wort. B. Barren Flowers. Em pal. Cup, divifions 4 ; concave; upright; blunt; per- manent. Bloss. Petals 4; oblong; blunt; upright, but expand- ing twice as long as the cup ; deciduous. Honey-cups 4 ; upright ; notched at the end ; (horter than the cup. Chives. Threads 8; awl-fhaped; longer than the bloliom. T ips fimple. Point. Seed-buds 4 ; oblong ; tapering. Shafts and Summits imperfe6t. S. Vess. barren. F. Fertile Flowers. Em pal. Cup as above. . . Bloss. Petals 4; rude; upright; blunt; equal in height to the cup ; permanent. Honey-cups as above. Point. Seed-buds 4 ; oblong ; tapering ; ending in ftraight limple Shafts. Summits blunt. S. Vess. Capfules 4-horned ; opening inwards. Seeds many; roundifh. Ess. Char. B. Empal. with 4 divifions. Blojfom of 4 petals. F. Empalement with 4 divifions. Blofs. o. Honey-cups 4. Pointals 4. Capfules 4, with many feeds. RHODI'OLA rofea. — yellow FI. dan. 183 .—Blackw. 586 .—Maltfi. 1024.— Cluf. i. 65. 1, repr. in Dod. 347. 2, Lob. obf. 212.3; ic. i. 391. 1, Ger. em. 532> and cop. in Park. 727, H. ox. xii. 10.8, and abridged in Pet. 42. 2.— Ger. 426— Cam. epit. jGg.—Fuchf. 665, cop. in frag. gi3, not in flower, and in J. B. iii. 683, with the addition of flowers. — Lonic. i. 62. 1. A fertile plant cultivated by itfelf in a garden produced fmall unproductive feeds. Linn. — Honey-cups 5. Chives 6, 8, or 12 Fabric. Scop. — Stems numerous, iimple, 4 to 10 inches high, cylindrical, fmooth, hollow. Leaves numerous, growing without order, egg-fhaped, egg-fpear-fhaped, and in the younger plants fpear-fhaped, upwards diftantly ferrated, towards the bafe very entire, flefhy, fea-green, fometimes tinged with purple. Flowers yellow. Bunch terminating, clofe, branched. Chives much longer 1124 T DIOECIA ENNEANDRIA. than the blofiom. Shafts very fhort, pointing outwards, perma- nent. Habit that of Sedum Telephium. Root white. Stem limple upright, leafy. Leaves ferrated. Blojfoms terminating, yellow. Rofe-wort. Rofe-root. — Mountains of Weftmoreland, Cumberland, Yoikfhire, and Wales. [On a rock on the fummit of Inglebo rough, to the North Weft; and on a mountain called the Old Man at Conifton Water Head. Mr. Woodward.] P. June, Jujy. The root has the fragrance of a Rofe, particularly when dried7" but, cultivated in a garden, it lofes moft of its fweetnefs. Goats and Sheep eat it. Cows and Swine refufe it. Order V III. / E N N E A N D R I A; IX. CHIVES. 1230. MER CUR IA'LIS. Mercury. B. Barren Flowers. Empal. Cup with 3 divifions ; fegments egg-fpear-fhaped ; concave; expanding. Bloss. none. Chives. Threads 9 or 12; hair-like; ftraight; as long as the cup. Tips globular ; double. F. Fertile Flowers. Empal, Cup as above. Bloss. none. Honey-cups 2 awl-fhaped pointed fubfiances ; 1 placed on each fide the feed-bud, and preffed into its furrows. Point. Seed-hud roundifh ; comprelfed ; with a hollow furrow on each fide ; rough with hairs. Shafts 2 ; bent back ; horned ; rough with hair. Summit {harp ; bent back. S. Vess. Capjule roundifh ; purfe-fhaped ; double; with 2 cells. Seeds folitary; roundifh. Ess. Char. B. Empalement with 3 divifwns. Blofs. o. Chives 9 or 12. Tips globular ; double. F. Ernpalcmcnt with 3 divifions. Blofs. o. Shafts 2. Capf. twin-fruited ; with 2 cells , and 1 feed. MER C U- I Chives and Pointals diftind, IX. Chives. M25 MERCURIA'LIS peren'nis. Stem undivided, dog’s Leaves rough. — Curt. ii. 14. — Wale, barren plant. — Fl. dan. 400; — Mill. ill. — Cam . epit. 999, barren plant ; 998, fertile plant. — Fuchs. 444, cop. in J. B. ii. 979. x, and abr. in Frag. 191, Lon. i. 136. 3, and Pet. x. 6, fertile plant; cop. with the addition of barren [pikes on the fame plant ! in Dod. 659. 1, repr. in Lob. obf. 132. 1 ; ic. i. 260. 1 , Ger. em. 333. 1 , and cop. in Park. 296. 2; which, on the other hand abridged , and the fertile flowers omitted in Pet. 1. 5. — J. B. ii. 979. 2, barren plant. — H. ox. v. 34. 3, fertile, and 4, barren plant. — Matth. 1299. Roots creeping. Stem upright, fimple, thickeft at the joints, cylin- drical, with 2 projecting ridges not as ufually running down from the leaf-ftalks, but from the joint between them, and terminating in the bofoms of the pair below. Leaves in oppofite pairs, alter- nately from each fide of the ftem; oval-fpear-fhaped, wrinkled, ferrated, pale green, the lower fmall and diftant, the upper ap- proaching. Leaf-Jlalks fhort, furrowed, correfponding with the ridges on the ftem. Barren and fertile plants rarely intermixed, each fort, ufually growing in large patfches, whence it is probable that this plant, which propagates itfelf fo much by roots, rarely produces perfeeft feeds. Barren [pikes longer and the fertile ones fhorter than the leaves. Capfules hairy and fomewhat warty. Mr. "Woodward. — Honey-cups as long as the feed-bud. Honey-cups in general are a kind of appendage tq the bloftom, but here they are its foie fubftitute. Tips yellovvifh, double, each of 1 cell. Dujl oval fpear-lhaped, opaque, yellowifh, when moiftened with water globular and tranfparent. St. — Barren plant: Leaves fpear-egg- fhaped. Leaf-Jlalks fhort, channelled. Spikes oppofite, from the bofom of the upper leaves. Fertile plant: Flowers on fruit-ftalks, generally folitary. Shafts rough on the inner fide with femi-tranf- parent tubercles. Are not what are here called the Honey-cups ru- diments of imperfeCl chives ? With. Dog's Mercury. — Woods and ditch banks. P. April, May. It is noxious to Sheep, and deleterious to Man. Ray relates the cafe of a Man, his Wife and three Children, who experienced highly deleterious effedls from eating it fried with bacon. Sheep and Goats eat it ; Cows and Horfes refufe it. — In drying it turns blue, Linn. — and fteeped in water it affords a fine deep blue colour, but which unhappily is deftruCtible both by acids and alka- Ljes, and recoverable by no means that I hrve been able to difeover. St. Vol. II. MERCU- 1 126 v s French ) DIOECIA enneandria; M E R C U R I A'L I S an'nua. Stem branching. Leaves fmooth. Flowers in fpikes. — B. Curt. v. 57. 2— Cam. epit. 996.— Fucks. 475, cep. in J. B. ii. 977. 2, and the upper part of frag. 190 .—Ger. 262. i.—Dod. 658. 1 , repr. in Lob. obj. 1 3 1 * I> ic. i. 259. 1, Ger. ern. 332. h and cop. in Park. 2.95, Pet , 1. 8, and abr. inH. ox. v. 34. row. i.i.—Blackw. 164, 4, aportionof the Jlem, &C.—L011. i. 136. 2. — Gars. 382. — Matth. 1297. F. Curt. v. 57. 1.— Fuchs. 473, cop. in J. B. ii. 977. 3, and the lower part of Frag. 190— Blachw. 162.2, and 3, good; 1, flowers good, leaves too hear t-Jhaped.— Cam. epit. 99 y.—Dod. 658. 2, repr. in Lob. obf. 13 1. 2; ic. i. 259. 2, Ger. em. 332. 2, and cop. in Pet. 1. 7, and abr. in H. ox. v. 34. row 1. 2. — Ger. 262. 2. — Gars. 382. — Matth. 1298. Honey-cups none. Lightf. Relh.— Stem, the fpaces between the knots thickened. Relh.— Stem and Branches fmooth, frequent- ly tinged with purple. Leaves fpear-flhaped, fometimes oval-fpear- fhaped, diftantly ferrated. Flowers more numerous than thofe of M.perennis. Seed-vejfels fmaller, hairy. Mr. Woodward. French Mercury. — Wafte places and dunghills about towns and villages. [Near Norwich, and at Loweftoft, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] A. Auguft, September. The whole plant is mucilaginous, and was formerly much em- ployed as an emollient, but is now difregarded. The fmall old Gentlewoman Moth, and Phalaena Meticulofa, feed upon it. Linn.— The feeds tafle like thofe of Hemp. St. i / Order Chives and Pointals diflincd, IX. Chives. 1 127 1231. HYDRO'C HARIS. Frog-bit. B. Barren Flowers. Empal. Sheath of 2 leaves; oblong; inclofing 3 flowers. Cup proper; of 3 leaves; obiong-egg-fhaped ; con- cave ; membranaceous at the edge. Bloss. Petals 3; circular; flat; large. Chives. Hi reads 9; awl-fhaped; upright; difpofed in 3 rows ; the middlemoft row in the centre fends out an awl-fhaped little pillar, refembllng a fhaft, from the inner fide of the bafe. The other 2 rows are conne&ed at the bafe, fo that the outer and inner thread adhere together. Tips Ample. Point. Seed-bud only a rudiment; in the centre of the flower. F. Fertde Flowers. Empal. Sheath none. Flowers folitary. Cup as above ; fuperior. Bloss. as above. Point. Seed-bud beneath ; roundifli. Shafts 6, as lon. Z7Z m ddi}U 8> 2> ... (Lon. 1. 22. 3, is a different plant.) cove^and^rot^1^’ pr°,CeeciinS from a receptacle which half W with a fe ddfbe L“ TT 2d year- }>«, Tree , • N.-y^r/, reddilh. iWs when ripe red. of Weftmorland C ai?°U,S woodsand hedges. R.fyn.— Mountains -In a Zy w2d f St’ ^ of : ^refordfhire. Huns. y ate out of the clefts of the rocks on Gigglefwick, Scar. Chives and Pointals Diftinfl, Threads united. Scar Cubt Mr. Woodwaed— where feveral grow out of the fiffur'es, and fpreadingon each fide, cloath the rock to feme d, fiance. [In inacceflible filiations, on the rocks of Borowdale, and on Conaick Scar, near Kendal. There can be little doubt but thefe are its truly natural fixations. Mr. Woodward. Numbers Mat- tered over the country between Stourport and Abberley, Wor- cefterfhire. Clearly an indigenous tree. St.] T. Mar. Apr. It