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A

BOTANICAL ARRANGEMENT

O F

BRITISH PLANTS;

INCtUDING

THE USES OF EACH SPECIES,

MEDICINE, DIET, RURAL CECONOMYj AND THE ARTS.

WITH AN EASY

Introduction to the Study of Botany, kc, kc^

ILLUSTRATED BY COPPER PLATES.

THE SECOND EDITION.

By WILLIAM WITHERING, M.D.F.R.SL

/

ttJCLUDIN C

A NEW SET OF REFERENCES TO FIGURES,

, PARTLY BY THE AUTHOR,

AND PARTLY BY JONATHAN STOKES, M. D.

VOL. III.

BIRMINGHAM: PRINTED BY SWINNEY & WALKER;

roR. G. G. J. Sc J. ROBINSON, PATERNOSTER-ROW,
AND J. ROBSON, NEW BOND-STREET, LONDON;

J. BALFOUR, AND C. ELLIOT, EDINBURGH,

I*-!

, ^ A 4 ; •• •* «

kr -

: \

O F

t

BRITISH PLANTS, &fc

VoL. 111. P AR T L

By WILLIAM WITHERING, M.D.F.R.S.

CONTAINING,

I. An Eafy Introdudlion to the Study of Botany.

II. Diredlions for drying and preferving Specimens of Plants#

III. Dictionary of E'nglifh Botanical Terms.

IV. Latin Terms of Linn.£Us, accented and explained,

V. Explanation ol* the Plates.

VI. An Index to the Two Firfl Volumes ; &c.

N. B. The purchafer is dejired not to bind this, but to wait for
the fecond part, which will compleat the work, and which

will be publfhcd as foon as it can be got ready. A full

Title-page to the third volume will he given at the fame time.

Price Three Shillings and Sixpence Sewed.

A N

E A S Y

INTRODUCTION

T O

The STUDY of

BOTANY.

A K I N G it for granted, that the Botanical

A Student will be at no lofs to diftinguifh a
Vegetable, at firft light, from an Animal, or a Folfil,
and that all Vegetables are capable of producing
Flowers and Fruit,* we {hall immediately enter
upon a defcription of the parts compoling a Flower;
for as the Linnaean Syftem of Botany is chiefly
founded upon the number, Jhape, and Jituation of
thefe parts, an accurate knowledge and difcrimina-
' tion of them is necelfary to the underftanding the
Elements of the Science.

* By Fruit is here meant perfe& Seeds; whether accompanied
or not, by an eatable part.

VoL III.

b

A Flower

VI

INTRODUCTION.

A

Flower confifls
of the

^Empalement, (or Calyx.)
j Blossom, (or Corolla.)

\ Chives, (or Stamina.)
PoiNTALs, (or Pijlilla.)
Seed-vessel, (or Pericarpium.)
''Seeds, (or Semina.)

‘ To thefe may be added, the Honev-Cup, (or
Nedarium ;) and the Receptacle, or Receptaculum.

Some Flowers poflefs all thefe different parts,
whilfl; others are deficient in fome of them; but
, either Chives or Pointals, or both, are to be found
in every flower.

TheEMPALEMENT-is formed of one, or more, green
or yello,wifh green leaves, placed at a fmall difiance
< from, or clofe to, the bloffom.

' »

The different kinds of Empalement are (i) a
Cup, or Perianthium ; (2) a Fence, or Involucrum;
(3) a Catkin, or Amentum ; (4) a Sheath, or
Spatka; (5) a Husk, or Gluma; (6) a Veil, or
Calyptra; (7) a Ruffle, ot Volva; but the mofi:
common is the Cup. For an explanation of thefe
fee the Diifiionary of Terms ; or look at a Rofe, and
the green covering that inclofes and fupports the
bloffom, is called the Cup. Pi. 3. fig. 1. fa.a.a.a.a.)
The Cup of a Polyanthus is reprefented in pi. 3.

' fig. 10.

Linnaeus fays the Empalement is formed by the
outer bark of the plant.

The

Vll

0/ Me PARTS 0/ « FLO WER.

The Blossom is that beautifully coloured part of
a flower, which attracts the attention of every body.
If it be in one piece, as in the Polyanthus, or
Auricula, it is faid to be a bloflTom of one Petal ;
but, if it be Compofed of feveral parts, it is accord-
ingly faid to be a blolTom of one, two, three, kc. or
many parts or Petals. Thus the Bloffom of the
Tulip is formed of Jix Petals; and the Garden
Rofes bear Bloflbms compofed of many Petals.
The Bloffom is fuppofed to be an expanfion of the
inner bark of the plant. '

The Chives are flender thread-like fubftances,
generally placed within the Blo{rom,and furround-
ing the Pointals. A Chive is compofed of two
parts, the Thread and the Tip, but the Tip is the
effential part. Chives are formed of the woody
fubflance of the plant.

The Pointals are to be found in the centre of the
flower: they are compofed of three parts, the Seed-
bud, the Shaft, and the Summit; but the Shaft is often
wanting. Some flowers have only one Pointal;
others have two, three, four, &c. and fome have
more than can be eafily counted. Linnaeus fays
the Pointals are formed of the Pith of the Plant.

The Seed-vessel. In the newly-opened flower,
this part was called the Seed bud; but when it en-
larges and approaches to maturity, it is called the
Seed-velfel. Some 'flowers have no feed-velfels :
in which cafe, the Empalement generally inclofes
and retains the Seeds until they ripen.

b 2

Seeds,

vill

INTRODUCTION.

Seeds, are fufficiently well known ; the fubftance
to which they are fixed within the feed-veflel is
called the Receptacle of the Seeds.

Honey- CUPS are thofe parts of a Flower which are
found to contain honev. The tube of the BlolToin

j

— ferves the purpofe of a Honey -cup in many
Flowers, as in the Honey-fuckle : but in other
flowers there is a peculiar organization deftined to
this purpofe. See pi. 5. fig. 1,2, 3, 4.

The Receptacle is that part, to which the above-
mentioned parts of a Flower are fixed. Thus, if
you take a Flower and pull off the Empalement,
the BlolTom, the Chives, the Pointals, and the
Seeds or Seed-veflTels, the remaining part at the top
of the Stalk is the Receptacle. In many Flowers
the Receptacle is not a very ftriking part, but in
others it is very large and remarkable : thus in the
Artichoke, after we have taken away the leaves of
the Empalement, the Bloffoms, and the briftly fub-
flances ; the part remaining, and fo much efteemed
as food, is the Receptacle.

Having thus briefly mentioned the different parts
which enter into the compofition of Flowers, let us
for the fake of illuflration examine fome well-
known inflance. Suppofe it to be a flower of the
Crown Imperial.

CROWN

Of the V ARTS of a FLOWER,

CROWN IMPERIAL.
Empalement. None.

Blossom. - - Six Petals. (PI. 3. fig. 2. a. a. a. a.

a. a.) '

Chives. - - Six. (Pi. 3. fig. 2. k. ic. ic k. k.

"Threads fix ; lliaped like an awl,
(PI. 3. fig. 2. b. h. b. b. b. b.J
Tips oblong ; four-cornered. (PI. 3.
fig. 2. c. c. c. c. c. c.J
PoiNTAL. - - Single.

Seed-bud oblong ; three-cornered.
(PI. 3. fig. 2. d.j

Shaft longer than the Chives. (PI- 3*

fig. 2. e.J

Summit with three divifions. (PI. 3.
fig. 2./.j

Seed-vessel. An oblong capfule, with three cells
and three valves. (PI. 3, fig. 4-)
leprefents the Seed-velfelcuta-crofs
to {hew the three cells in which the
Seeds are contained.

Seeds. - - - Numerous; flat.

By confidering this defcription with fome atten-
tion, and comparing it with the Flower itfelf, and
likewife with the engraved figures, we fhall foon
attain a pretty good idea of the different parts of a
Flower. If a Crown Imperial is not at hand, a
Tulip or a Lily will correfpond pretty well with the
above defcription. But if we examine the Crown
Imperial we Iliall find at the bafe of each Petal, a
hole, which is the Honey-cup. In pi. 3. fig. 3. is

b 3 a repre-

X

INTRODUCTION.

a reprefentation of one of the Petals feparated
from the reft, to fhew the Honey-cup at (^k,) and
one of the Chives (A. ?.)

It is natural to afk the ufes of thefe different
parts — A full reply to fuch a queftion would lead
us to a long difquifition, curious in itfelf, but quite
improper in this place. Let it therefore fuffice to
obferve, that the produdlion of perfedl Seed is the
obvious ufe of the flower; that for this purpofe the
Seed-bud, the Summit, and the Tips are all that are
effentially neceftary; and perhaps the fummit might
be difpenfed with. The fine duft, or meal, (farina)
that is contained in the Tips, is thrown upon the
Summit of the Pointal : This fummit is moift, and
the inoifture ading upon the particles of the duft,
occafions them to explode and difcharge a very
fubtile vapour. This vapour palling through the
minute tubes of the Pointal, arrives at the Embryo
Seeds in the Seed-bud, and fertilizes them. The
feeds of many plants have been obferved to become,
to all appearance, perfed without this communica-
tion ; but thefe Seeds are incapable of vegetation.
In pi. 3. fig. 5. atyi one of the Tips is reprefented
difcharging its duft ; and at fig. 8. you fee a particle
of duft greatly magnified and throwing out its
vapour. The Erapalement and the Petals feem
primarily defigned as covers, to proted the more
elTential parts; and perhaps it is not too vain an
imagination to believe, that a difplay of beauty
was in fome meafure the defign of the Creator.

Independent

CLASSIFICATION EXPLAINED.

Independent however of thefe ufes defigned by
Nature, the Botanift takes advantage of the dif-
ferent number, figure, fize, and fituation of thefe
parts, and affumes them as the foundation of a
fyftematic arrangement. He divides all the vege-
table produaions upon the furface of the globe,
into Claffes, Orders, Genera, Species and Varieties.
The Claffes are compofed of Orders ; the Orders
are compofed of Genera; the Genera of Species,;
and the Species of Varieties.

We are accuftomed to confider the produaions
of Nature as forming three diftina parts, called the
Animal, the Vegetable, and the FofTil or Mineral
Kingdom.

Therefore taking the matter up in this familiar
language, let us endeavour to attain an idea of
Claffes, Orders, kc. by continuing the allufion.

T _

lii. Let us compare

i

The Vegetable Kingdom to the Kingdom of England;

Classes to the Counties ;

Orders to the Hundreds;

Genera to the Parishes ;

Species ----- -to the Villages;

Varieties to the Houses.

Some authors have aptly enough compared

A Class to an Army;

An Order - - to a Regiment ;

A Genus - - to a Company ;

And a Species to a Soldier.

But

INTRODUCTION.

But no comparifon can be more in point, than that
which confiders the vegetables upon the face of the
globe, as analagous to the inhabitants ; thus —

Vegetables refemble the Inhabitants in general;

Classes — refemble the Nations;

Orders - - refemble the Tribes ;

Genera — refemble the Families ;

Species — refemble the Individuals ;

And Varieties are the fame Individuals in different
circumflances.

I

All the vegetables in Great-Britain are divifible,
according to the Syftem of Linnaeus, into twenty-
four Claffes.

The charadlers of the Classes are taken either
from the number^ the length-^ the connexion^ or the
Jituation of the Chives.

I

The charadlers of the Orders are moft fre-
quently taken from the number of the Pointals ;
but fometimes from fome other circumflances either

t

of the Chives or Pointals, which will be noticed
hereafter.

The charadlers or marks of the Genera are
taken from fome particulars in the flower, before
unnoticed; but generic defcriptions are defigned
to contain an account of all the mofl obvious ap-
pearances in the flowers.

The

CLASSIFICATION EXPLAINED.

The Species are moftly charadlerized from
peculiarities in the Stem or Leaves ; fometimes
from parts of the Flower ; rarely from the Roots.

Varieties. Both leaves and flowers are fubjeft to
variations; fome of them evidently dependant
upon foil and fituation : but others owing to caufes
which are hitherto unafcertained. Thus the leaves
of the Ranun'culus aquat'ilis, or Water Crowfoot,
growing beneath the furface of the water, are much
more divided than thofe which grow above the fur-
face : fo that a perfon unacquainted with this cir-
cumftance, would hardly believe they belong to
the fame plant. Again ; the leaves of the
Polyg'onum amphib'ium, or amphibious Snakeweed,
in wet fituations, are fmooth ; but, in dry and
warm fituations, rough. Some authors therefoie
have reckoned them as diftindl fpecies ; but, let
them change fituations, and the appearances will
be changed likewife. But why the leaves of Mint
are fometimes curled, thofe of Holly or Mezereon
variegated with white, &c. is a more difficult matter
to determine ; feeing that flips- from thefe plants,
tho’ tranfplanted into different foils, do not lofe their
peculiarities: but young ones raifed from feeds
return to their original form. It is evident therefore
that thefe, however different in appearance, are
not to be confidered as diflindl fpecies, but only as
varieties.

No variations are more common than thofe of
colour ; but defirable as thefe changes are to the
Florifl, they have little weight with the Botanift,

who

Xlll

XIV

INTRODUCTION.

who confiders them as variable accidental circum-
ftances, and therefore by no means admiffible in
the difcrimination of fpecies.

Many flowers, under the influence of garden cul-
ture, become double ; but double flowers are mon-
fters, and therefore can only rank in a fyflem of
Botany, as varieties. When we confider, that
every plant is compofed of an outer bark, an inner
bark, a wood, and a heart or pith ; and that flowers
are formed by an expanfion of thefe parts ; when
we recolle(fl; too that the Chives are formed of the
’ woody fubflance, and are told, that this woody
fubflance was originally formed by many coats of
the inner bark condenfed ; we fhall not be at a lofs
to account for the produdion of double flowers.
The woody fubflance inftead of being formed into
Chives is expanded into Petals. This feems to
be effeded by too much fucculent nourifhment,
which prevents the wood being properly confo-
lidated. Hence it is that the flowers with many
Chives are more apt to become double, and to a
greater degree, than thofe which have few; as ap-
pears in the Anemone, the Ranunculus, the Poppy
and the Rofe. Where the Petals are fo much mul-
tiplied as to exclude all the Chives, the flowers
ncceffarily become barren.

Of

Of CLASSES, ORDERS, and GENERA.

Of CLASSES.

By looking over the annexed Table of the Clafles,
by referring to plate I. and fometimes by having
lecourfe to the plants mentioned as examples, the
learner willfoon commit the charadters of the Clafles
to memory, fo that upon the firft fight of a flower,
it will be no difficult matter for him to refer it to
its proper Clafs.

Of o R D E R S.

A knowledge of the Orders will very readily be
attained, by obferving, that

In the 1 4th Clafs they depend upon the Seeds hav-
ing a Seed-veflel or not.

^ l^th upon the ffiape of the Seed-veflel.

igth upon the ftrudlure of the Florets. fSee

the introduEiion to the igth Clafs at page 818.)

2oth upon the number of Qhives.

2ifl: and Q.2d upon the number and fituation

of the Chives, or the union of the Tips.

23d upon the fituation of the Chives and

Pointals.

24th upon the natural aflemblages of plants

refembling one another.

And that in all the other Claffes, not particularly
fpecified, the Orders depend upon the Number of
the Pointals only.

Of GENERA.

Before we can underftand the Characters of
a Genus, wemufl: again confider the different parts

that enter into the flruCture of flowers, and learn

how

how thefe different parts may be modified. As
for inftance,

The

Empalement
may be either
a

"Cup, ( PeriantUumj fixed near to the
flower ; as in the Rofe, the Cowflip,

I or the Foxglove.

Fence, ( Involucrum) remote from the
flower; generally belonging to the
Rundle-bearing, or Umbelliferous
plants; as Hemlock, or Carrot.
When it furrounds the bafe of the
rundle it is called the. general fence,
(Involucrum';) but, when it fur-
rounds the bafe of a rundlet, or
little rundle, it is called the partial
^ence., finvolucellum.) *

Catkin, (Amentum) as in Willow,
or Hafel.

Sheath, (Spatha) as in Snowdrop,
or Daffodil.

Husk, (Gluma) as in Wheat, Oats,
or other different kinds of Graffes.

Veil, ( Calyptra) covering the frudli-
fication of fome of the Moffes, and
refembling an extinguiflier.

Ruffle, (Volva) furrounding the
Stems of many of the Funguffes.

For a further explanation of thefe terms, and for
references to the plates, examine the Dictionary of
Botanical Terms.

The r OfONE Petal, as Foxglove or Primrofe.

Blossom ^ Of Many Petals, as the Rofe or Anemone,
may be \ But in many flowers the Petals are alto-
either C gether wanting.

For

0/ GENERA and SPECIES.

For a more full explanation of the modifications
of Petals and Bloffoms fee the Dictionary, and like-
wife plate 4.

The CHIVES and POINTALS have
been fufficiently explained before.

fa Capsule, membranaceous,

opening varioufly ; as in Poppy,
Convolvulus, Pimpernel,
a Pod, /"S'f/zgccay membranaceous, of
2 valves, the Seeds fixed to each
feam ; as in Wall-flower, and
Honefly.

a SHEL\.^(Legumen) membranaceous,
of 2 valves, the Seeds fixed to one
feam only ; as in Pea, and Broom,
a Bag, (FolliculusJ membranaceous,
diflended, of l valve, opening at
one fide, not embracing the Seed ;
as in Periwinkle.

a Berry, (BaccaJ pulpy ; the Seeds
feparate; as in Goofeberry, or
Elder.

Pulpy, (DrupaJ inclofing a hard nut ;

as the Cherry, or the Peach.
Fleshy, fPomumJ covering a capfule
containing the feed ; as in the Pear,
or Apple.

a Cone, fStrobilusJ tiled; as in Fir,
. or Pine.

Thefe terms will be found more fully explained
in the Didlionary, and illuflrated in plate 5.

A RECEP-

A

Seed-vessel
may be either

xviii

INTRODUCTION.

A RECEPTACLE ( Receptaculumj is either
peculiar to one flower, as in the Rofe, Lily, and
Polyanthus ; or common to many flowers, as in
Dandelion, Hawkweed, and Artichoke. (Seethe
Di&ionary.J

Flowers, may be
colledled into a

f Spike, (Spica.J
Panicle, (Panicula.j
Broad-topped Spike,
Bunch, (Racemus.J
Rundle, fUmbella.J
Tuft, fCyma.J
Whorl, (Verticillus.)
^Catkin, f Amentum. J

S

Each of thefe terms may be found in the Dic-
tionary, where they are explained by familiar
examples, and references to the plates.

For a proper underftanding of Compound

Flowers the reader is likewife referred to the

Di<5lionary, and to the explanation of the 4th plate.
1. •

The reader having now, it is fuppofed, attained
tolerably precife ideas of the conftitution of Clafies
and 'Orders, and likewife of the parts upon which
the Generic Charatflers ai'e founded ; we (hall feledf
a few inflances of well known plants, and, after
invelligating them fyftematically, we fhall hardly
be at a lofs to inveftigate others which we do not
know. ,

RULES

XIX

Of GENERA and SPECIES.

RULES for INVESTIGATION.

Firji. When a plant offers itfelf to our infpedlion,
the firft thing to be determined is the Clafs to which
it belongs. This is to be done by examining the
Chives, and referring to the Table of the Classes
oppofite to page xv. Having fixed upon the Clafs
which we believe to be right, let us turn to the In-
trodudion to that Clafs, and if this gives us no
leafon to alter our opinion, we are pretty certain
of being fo far right. It is beft not to truft to the
examination of one flower only ; for we fhall fome-
times find the number of Chives to be different, in
different flowers upon the fame plant. In that
cafe the cla flic charadler muff be taken from the ter-‘
minating flower.

Second. We muff next look how many Orders
the Clafs confifts of,* and after obferving the cir-
cumftances by which the Orders are determined, we
muff compare thefe with the Plant before us. If
the Order we refer it to has any fubdivifions, we
fhall foon perceive under which of the fubdivifions
we muff expe6l to find the Genus.

Third. After comparing the Flowers with the
Charaffers of different Genera, contained in the
Order, or in the particular fubdivifion of the Order,
we fhall foon perceive with which of them it bed
correfponds; and looking forward to the defcrip-
tion of that Genus, if the defcription agrees pretty
exadly with our fpecimen, we conclude that we are
now certain of the Genus. Doubtful matters will

forhe-

%

XX

INTRODUCTION.

fometimes arife ; but thefe are for the moft part
made clear by obfervations fubjoined to the generic
defcriptions ; and ftill more fo, by duly confidering
the Essential Character placed it the end of the
generic defcription.

Fourth. If none of the Generic Characters at
the beginning of the Clafs agree with the Flower ;
we muft then look at the end of the Order, or fub-
, divifion of the Order, and fee what plants are there
noticed in a fmaller print, and with this mark •f’ pre-
fixed to them. If we have not found the plant
before, fome one of thefe mult be it ; therefore
looking for thefe in the index, and comparing the
generic defcriptions with the fpecimen in hand, we
fhall not only dlfcover the Genus, but likewife the
circumllance which occafioned our perplexity.

Fifth. Having now determined the Genus, you
will obferve that when the Species under that Genus
are numerous, they are fubdivided. Confider then
which of thefe fubdivifions it agrees with ; and hav-
ing determined that, compare it with the feveral
Specific characters. Your plant will probably agree
with fome one of thefe. ' *

If you mil are in doubt, guided by the references
to figures which follow the Specific Character, turn
to fuch figures as you polfels ; and, to make the
point mu more certain, compare your plant with
the defcriptions which follow the references to
figures ; for thefe will remove many an exifting
doubt, and obviate many a polTible miftake.

If

XXI

V

RULES/or IN VESTIGATIO-N;

If the plant in queftionbe any remarkable Variety^
you will probably find it introduced after the addi-
tional defcriptions mentioned above.

Sixth. Make it an invariable rule, not to pafs
over a fingle term, the precife meaning of which
you do not thoroughly Underftand, without confult-
ing the Didionary. By this means you will very
foon be able to do without confulting it at alh

Seventh. When you gather plants for examina- '
tion colled a confiderable number of the Flowers,
and, if poffible, fome juft opening, others fully ex-
panded, and others with the Seed-veflels almoft
ripe ; take care alfo to gather at leaft' one Specimen
of the plant as perfed and as entire as poffible.

It was thought neceffary to give a variety of ex-
amples for inveftigation. i. Becaufe only fome of
them are to be found at any one feafon. 2. Becaufe
plants common in one County are not equally com-
mon in all. 3. Becaufe the ftudent is 'not fuppofed
previoLifly to be acquainted with many plants, and t
thofe he does know are probably only a few of the more
common kind. q. He is not defired to examine and
compare all the examples : perhaps it will be better
he fhould fometimes try his ftrength, by examining
unknown Flowers which he may pick up in his
walks.

%

Vol. III. • Q Example

I

•XXll

INTRODUCTION.

Example I.

LIGUS'TRUM. Privet..

\

The Privet is a fhrub common enough in hedges,
in many parts of England. It generally bloflbms
in June, and its bloffoms are white. Let us fup-
. * pofe a branch of it in bloffom before us : that we
are ignorant what plant it is ; and are required to
invefligate it. We look into feveral of the Bloffoms,
and find 2 Chives in each. This. circumftance in-
forms us it belongs to the fecond Clafs. Turning
- to the beginning of the fecond Clafs at page 6, we
find it contains two Orders, and that the Orders
depend upon the number of Pointals : therefore
looking again at the Flowers, we find i Pointal in
each; fo that our plant belongs to the fiifl Order
of the fecond Clafs. We find this Order fubdivided
into four parts ; and obferve that thefe fubdivifions
depend upon the regular or irregular form of the
Petal, and upon the Bloffom being fixed above or
beneath the Seed-bud. In our fpecimen the Blof-
fom is one Petal' fixed beneath the Seed-bud.

Thefe circumftances correfpond only with the firft
fubdivifion, which fubdivifion contains only one
Genus; fo that there can be no doubt but the Plant
is a Liguf'trum. We find too that the Bloffom is
cloven into four parts, and that it is fucceeded by
a Berry containing 4 Seeds. Looking forward
therefore to Liguf'trum, No. 18, page 7, we com-
pare it with the generic defcription, and have
the fatisfadlion to find it agree pretty exadly;
and perfedtly fo with the Effential Charadfer
fubjoined to it. As this Genus contains only

one

EXPLANATORY EXAMPLES.

one Species, we foon determine that it muft be
the Liguftrum vulga're of Linnsus, or the com-
mon Privet.

• *%
XXlll

Example II,

A R U N ' D O.- Reed.

Upon the banks of rivers, in wet ditches, and
upon the borders of pools, the Reed is fufficiently
common. It is a fort of large grafs, five or fix feet
high, and flowers in June. Having got a fpecimen
of this, we proceed to examine it fyflematically.
At firft fight we obferve that the Flowers grow in
panicles, and that each Flower contains 3 Chives*
We therefore turn to the beginning of the third
Clafs, (page 32.) and find that Clafs divided into
three Orders, which depend upon the number of
Pointals. * Each of our Flowers contains 2
Pointals, which brings us to the fecond Order.
This Order is fubdivided into four parts. The
firfl; fubdivifion contains the plants with Flowers
fcattered, or irregularly difpofed, one only in each
Empalement. Our plant agrees with the firft cir-
cumftance, but not with the laft, for we find^ve
Flowers in each Empalement. The fecond fubdi-
vifion contains only two flowers in each Empale-
ment, therefore we pafs that over, and come to

N. B. The Introdudlion to this Clals commences at page 27.
Once for all, let it be obferved, that the Student fhould accuftom
himfclf to read over very attentively, the Introdudlion to the
ClalTes, until he be perfedlly acquainted with the conftitution of
each, and the exceptions which are moft likely to involve him in
difficulties'.

C 2

the

xxlv

INTRODUCTION. .

the third, with fcattered flowers, and feveral in each
Empalement. Before we proceed further, we juft
look at the laft fubdivifion, but finding the jiowers
■without fruit-Jlalh, fixed to a long toothed, feat, or
Receptacle, we immediately recur to the third fub-
divifion in the 33d page. This fubdivifion con-
tains feveii Genera, and we compare the Cha-
radlers of each with the plant in hand. The want
of an Awn,, and the wdollinefs at the Bafe of the
Bloflbms det'ermirfes us to call it Arun'do. Turn-
ing therefore to Arundo,' No. gg, page 116, we
compare it accurately with the Generic Defcrip-
tion, and find it correfpond with that, as it- does
alfo.with the efiential chara61er. But as the parts
conftituting the Flowers of Graffes are frequently
very minute, we make ufe of the Botanical Micro-
fcope and the Diflecling Inftruments to difplay
them more clearly to the eye ; * and likewife take
the advantage of comparing them with the figures
in the plate fronting page 2g. Having determined
it to he an Arundo, or Reed, the only difficulty
remaining is to afcertain the Species. We fee
that only four fpecies of Arundo are natives of
Great Britain ; and the circumflances of the five
Florets in each Empalement, added to the flexibility
of the Panicle, which we had obferved whilft
growing to be \vaved about with every wind, leave

us

* N. B. The Botanical Microfcope and DilTeciling Inftruments
may be had of the Publiftiers, or of the Country BookfcUcrs, price
1 os. 6d. This Microfcope is now in a form more convenient for
the Pocket, and is at the fame time made to ftand more fteady
when in ufe.

XXV

explanatory examples.

US no longer room to doubt that, it is the Arun'do
phragnii'tes of Linnseu?, or the common Reed.

Example III.

PLANT A'GO. Plantain.

The Plantain flowers in June and July. It is
very common in mowing Grafs, and on the fides
of roads. It is frequently ftuck in the cages of
Linnets and Canary Birds, who axe fond of the
feeds. Upon examining a fpecimen of this,' we
find that each Flower contains 4 Chives, nearly of
the fame length, and therefore we refer it to the
fourth Clafs. At page I35 we find this Clafs' in-
cludes three Orders, dependant upon the number
of Pointals. Each of our Flowers contains only
one Pointal, and therefore belongs to the firfl. Order.
This Order admits of feven fubdivifions. [The
fpecimen we have, contains BlolToms of one P/etal;
this Petal is fixed beneath the Seed-bud,,-, and .there
is but one Seed-veflel in each Flower. -From tjaefe
circumftances we look for it in the fecond fubdivi-
fion, and finding by cutting acrofs the Seed-;vefreJ,
that it is divided into two * cells, w'e conclu^^that
it is a Planta'go,'.(No. 148.) j,That number ,9x:curs
at page 1 q'l ; w^e there compa^'e it with the Generic

* To judge whether a Capfule cohfifts of one or more Cells,
the befl; method* is to cut it through horizontally with a fharp
knife, then carefully to pick out the feeds, leaving the dividing
■inembranes \eniire^ If it be very minute, cut off a ihiq -flice
horizontally, place it on the-ftage of the microfcop?, vie\y it
through the magnifier, and at the fame time diffecl it with the
ihflruments.

, ^ c 3 ' Defcriptioh,

xxvi

INTRODUCTION.

Defcription, and finding it agree with that in mofl
particulars, as well as with the Eflential Character,
we try to determine the fpecies. There are fix
fpecies of Plantain, natives of Great Britain. Thefe
Species are not fubdivided, therefore we begin with
the firft ; the Planta'go ma'jor ; but the Leaves are
not egg-fhaped; nor are the flalks cylindrical.
The Planta'go me'dia, which is the fecond, agrees
pretty well : but the Leaves are not downy, nor is
the fpike of Flowers cylindrical . With the third
Species it agrees in every particular; therefore we
call it the Planta'go lanceola'ta of Linnaeus, or the
Ribwort Plantain.

Example IV.

LONICE'RA, Honey-fuckle.

This Plant is very common in our hedge-rows,
and is very univerfally known ; but let us fuppofe
a Foreigner, who never faw it before, {truck with
the beauty and the fragrance of its Bloffoms, car-
rying a piece of it home for examination. Find^
ing 5 Chives in each Flower, and the Tips not
united, he refers it to the fifth Clafs. The Or-
ders in that Clafs being determined by the num-.
ber of Pointals, he knows it belongs to the firfl
Order, for he obferves only one Pointal in each
Flower. This Order is fubdivided into feven
parts. The 4 naked Seeds^ and the rough Leaves.,
immediately determine him to reject the firft fub-
divifion. The blojfom being Jixed beneath the Seed-
■ bud, not correfponding with his Flower, he reje<5ts
the fecond, and pafles on to the third fubdivifion,
where he finds

*** Flowers

EXPLANATORY EXAMPLES.

* * * Floxxjcrs of 1 Petal; fuperior.

His Flower confifts of i Petal, and this Petal is
fixed fuperior to^ ov above the Seed-bud. This fub-
divifion containing four Genera, he obferves the
three firft have Capfules : but in the lall the Seed-
velTel is a Berry with 2 Cells ; this circumftance,
added to the inequality of the Bloflbm, and the
Knob at the top of the Pointal, induces him to be- '
lieve it to be a Lonice'ra. He looks for No. 250,

(p. 222,) and, comparing the Flower with the
Generic Defcription, is confirmed in his opinion.
Under this Gpnus he finds only one Species, viz.
the Lonice'ra pericly'rnenumof Linn3eus,orWood- ,
bind Honey-fuckle.

Example V.

D A U ' C U S. Carrot.

We fele6l this as an example of the Umbelliferous
or RuNDLE-bearing plants, f See the introdu&ion to the
^th Clafs.J

The 5 Chives with Tips not united, and the 2
Pointals evident in each Floret, determine us to
look for it in the fecond Order of the 5th Clafs.
This Order admits of four fubdivifions, ift. Flowers
of 1 Petal ; beneath. But our plant has five Petals ;
therefore we go to the 2d, Flowers of 5 Petals ;
beneath. The Florets in hand have 5 Petals, but ,
the Petals are not placed beneath the Seed-bud.
The 3d fubdivifion contains imperfed Flowers, or
Flowers without Bloflbms ; but our Florets have
Bloffoms compofed of 5 Petals; therefore we pro-
ceed

XJtvii

xxviii

INTRODUCTION.

ceed to the * * * Flowers of 5 Petals; fuperior^ and

2 Seeds: In Rundles. All thefe circumftances

agreeing with the plant before us, we muft look for

it here ; but obferving that this fubdivifion of the

Order is farther divided into plants that have the

Fence both general and partial; into plants with the

Fence only partial; and into Plants without a7iy

Fence ; we examine the fpecimen, and find a Fence

to each Rundle, and likewife a Fence to each

Rundlet. The unequal fize of the Petals; the

winged Fence, and the prickly Seeds, agreeing

with No. log, Dau'cus, we turn to that Genus.

Finding our plant agree with the Generic Defcrip-

tion, and only one fpecies under that Genus, we

know it to be the Dau'cus Caro'ta, or wild Carrot.

»

Example VI.

GALAN'THU S. Snow-drop.

The Snow-drop, though not frequent in a wild
ftate, is to be found in almoft every Garden, and
is among the firft of our fpring flowers. When we
look at it attentively, the firft circumftance which
ftrikes us is’ the want of a Cup, but inftead of that
we find upon the ffuit-ftalk, a Ikinny or membra-
naceous Iheath which covered the bloflbm in its
infant, ftate, The 6 chives ftiredl us to the fixth
Clafs, and the Angle Pointal .fixes us to the firft
Order of that Clafs. This Order is fubdivided
into,

.L? Flowers with a cup and a blojfom.
'i'i^’Tlowers with a Jheath or hujk.

*** Flowers

Flowers imperfe^.

The

EXPLANATORY EXAMPLES,

The want of a cup, and the prefence the fkinny
{lieath teach us to expert it in the 2d fubdivifion,
which contains 3 Genera. In the Allium the
blolfom is fixed beneath the Seed-bud, but in our
plant it is above it. In the Narciffus there is a
bell-fliaped honey-cup and 6 petals, but our plant
has 6 petals only, and no fuch bell-fhaped honey-
cup. It therefore inuft be Galan'thus. At No.
433, page 340, we read the generic defcription,
and find it agree with our flower, but with the
remark, that the 3 inner and fliorter petals may be
confidered as a honey-cup. As there is but one
fpecies, our plant mull therefore be the Galan'thug
niva'lis, or common Snow-drop.

Example VII.

D A P H ' N E. Mezereon. ■

In February the Mezereon is in bloflbm., and,
though rarely found wild, is often met with in the
garden. Its Chives being 8 in number we turn
to the eighth Ciafs, and its Angle pointal confines
our enquiries to the firfl; Order.. This being
divided into and flowers, we con-

clude that the flower before us belongs to the lafl:
fubdivifion, becaufe it wants an enlpalement. The
charader of Daphne correfponds with our flower,
and refers us by the number, 3*26, . to page 402.
Here the examination of the generic defcription,
and Eflential character confirm our refearches.

c.

'We find two britifh Species, but in that before us,
the flowers are fitting, and grow by threes ; it mufl:
therefore be the Daph'ne Meze'reum, or common
Mezereon.

xxix

Example

XXX

INTRODUCTION.

Example VIII.

L Y C H ' N I S. Cuckow-flower.

White or Red Campion; Batchelors Buttons;
Lych'nis, it grows wild in woods and ditch-banks^
flowering all fummer. After examining feveral of
the Flowers, and finding lo Chives in each, and the
Threads not united ; obferving too no veflige of
any' Pointals, we begin to fufpecfi that it* belongs
either to the twenty-firft Clafs, where the Chives
and Pointals are contained in feparate Flowers ; or
to the twenty-fecond Clafs, where the Chives and
Pointals are found not only in feparate Flowers,
but thefe Flowers growing upon dijiin& Plants.
In this ftate of doubt we go to the place where the
plant was gathered, and, after examining feveral, at
length find that the Flowers containing Chives, and
the Flowers containing Pointals, grow upon dijiinci
Plants. We therefore turn to the twenty-fecond
Clafs, and finding the Orders of that Clafs found-
ed upon the number of Chives, we look for it in
the ninth Order, as the Flowers of that Order are
laid to contain lo Chives. But this Order con-
tains only the names of two plants with a 'j’ pre-
fixed to them. By the Diredlion of the ‘fourth
rule for inveftigation, we fearch for thefe two
plants, and find at page 473 the Generic Defcrip-
tion of the Lych'nis agreeing exadlly with our
fpecimen, except in the circumftance of the Chives
and Pointals being in diftin<5l Flowers. This
exception however is noticed in the charadler of
the third fpecies, and we find our plant therefore
to be the Lych'nis dioi'ca, or Campion Cuckow-
flower.

Example

explanatory examples.

Example IX.

P Y ' R U S. Pear.

Finding about 2o Chives in each Bloflbm, we
[turn to the twelfth Clafs, which is the Clafs of 2o
JChives. The lntrodu6lion to this Clafs, at page
t^og, informs us, that the number of Chives alone
i-will not- diftinguifh it • from the preceding and
:.enfuing Clafs; we therefore attend to the directions
t there delivered, and finding in our plant that the
i Cup is formed of a fmgle concave Leaf ; that the
Petals are fixed to the Jides of the Cup, and that
the Chives do not ftand upon the Receptacle, we
. conclude that we have clafled it right ; and feeing
each Flower furnifhed with 5 Pointals, we look
for the Genus under the fourth Order. This
Order contains three Genera. In the laft Genus
the Cup is fixed beneath the S^ed-bud, but in our
Plant it is above the Seed-bud. In other refpeds
it correfponds with the two firfl Genera. The Cup
being cloven into 5 p^rts, and the Bloflbm being
compofed of 5 Petals, are circumftances common
to both. But the fruit of the firft is a Berry, con-
taining 5 Seeds, and the fruit of the 2d is a flefhy
Apple with 5 Cells and many Seeds. Hence it
appears that our plant is undoubtedly the Pyrus,
No. 682 ; and turning to the generic defcription at
page 516, we are confirmed in this opinion. We
next compare it with the only two Britilh Species,
and are foon enabled to determine whether we
have got the Py'rus commu’nis, or the Py'rus malus,
t. e. the Pear or the Apple.

xxxi

Example

XXXll

INTRODUCTION.

Example X.

RANUN'CULUS. Crowfoot. '

'The beautiful {billing yellow BIofToms of Crow-
foot, and the frequency of it in paftures in the
months of June and July, will probably attract our
notice ; efpecially as cattle leave it untouched, even
when the pafture is bare. We therefore colled
fome of it; and finding a great number of Chives
in each Bloflbm, we refer it to the Clafs of many
Chives. The Introdudion to this Clafs, at page
54*2, tells us, that the Chives {land upon the Recep-
tacle and not upon the Cup. As this appears to be
the cafe, we next examine the pointals, and finding
them more than can readily be counted, we refer
to the yth Order of many Pointals. This Order in-
cludes nine Genera.. The fix firft that occur have
no'Cup; but our Flower has. a Cup. of 5 Leaves.
It is clearthen that it mull be fome one of the other
three. Upon an accurate examination w'e obferve
the little bag or Honey-cup at the claw of each
Petal, and, governed alfo by the number of Leaves
forming the Cup, and of petals compofing the
Blolfom, we turn to the generic defcription of the
Raiiun'culus, at page 571. Quite fatisfied about the
Genfts, w^e obferve the Species are- numetous, and
arranged according as the Leaves are.' diwded, or.not
divided.-' In our fpecimen the Leaves are divided.
Wfe then compare it with each of the Species, and,
from its open or expanded Empalement, its cylin-
drical fruit-llalks, its. leaves with 3,divifions, many
clefts. Sec. find it to be. the Ranun'culus a'cris,. or
ijpr-igbt Crowfoot.

Example

3XPLANA.TORY EXAMPLES.

Example XL
L A ' M I U M. Archangel.

Or white or red Deadnettle. It, grows every
where upon ditch-banks, amongft rubbilh, and in
lorchards.

Upon opening the BlofTom we find 4 Chives*
sand as 2 of the Chives are confiderably longer than
the other two, we expedi to finditin the i4thClals.
After reading the Introduftion to that Clafs, we
have no doubt of having claffed it right. We then
obferve that the two Orders in this Clafs are cha-
racfierifed from the Seeds being nakcdi or covered. In
our fpecimen we find 4 naked Seeds at the bottom
of the Cup ; fo that it belongs to the firll Order.
This Order admits of two fubdivifions, founded
upon the clefts of the Cup ; our plant arranging
under Cups with 5 Clefts, we carefully conipare
it with each of the generic characters ; and, after
fome difficulty ; guided by the briftle-ffiaped tooth
on each fide the Mouth of the BlofTom; we pro-
nounce it to be a Lamium. We ffiall get but little
further information from the Generic Defcription at
page 604, for this Clafs being a natural affemblage
of plants greatly refembling each other, - the dif-
ferences are not very obvious, but, by clofely at-
tending to the Effential Charadler, we ffiall feldoni
be at a lofs to determine the Genus. Upon read-
ing the characters of the three Britiffi Species, we
- are foon determined by the taper-pointed, heart-
ffiaped Leaves, &c. to call it the La'mium al bum,
or white Archangel.

xxxiii

Example

XXXIV

I N T R O D U C T J O N*

Example XII.

CHEI'RANTHUS. Wall-flower.

This plant is very generally known. It growd
wild upon old walls, _and is frequently cultivated in
gardens.

Carefully remove theEmpalementand the Petals,
and you will find 6 Chives ; two of which are fhort-
er than the other 4. It belongs therefore to the
fifteenth Clafs. The Orders of this Clafs depend
upon the form of the Seed-veffel ; and, after examine
ing the fpecimen, you neceffarily refer it to the firll
fubdivifion of the fecond Order; for the Seed-veffel
is long, and the Leaves of the Cup (land upright
and clofe to the Bloffom. It is poffible you mull
diffedl feveral Flow'ers before you can afcertain the
Genus ; for'this Clafs is compofed of a natural af-
femblage of plants, whofe Flowers bear a ftrong
refemblance to each other, and the differences when
this is the cafe, are not very obvious. At length,
however, the fmall glandular fubflance on each fide
the bale of the Seed-bud, determines you to refer it
to No. 879, Chei'ranthus. . Upon a comparifon
with the Generic Defcription, at page 698, you find
it accurately defcribed ; and the fliape of the Leaves,
Sec. put it beyond a doubt that it is the Chei'ranthus
Chei'ri, or wall Gilli-flower.

- • Example XIII.

A L T H iE ' A. Marfh-mallow.

Or Wymote. It naturally grows in fait marflies,
but upon account of its medical ufes it is cultivated
in molt gardens, and is pretty generally known.

Upon

t

XXXV

explanatory examples.

Upon examining the Flower, we find the Chives
niumerous, and the Threads all united at the Bafe.
iRecolledling that this circumllance chara6lerifes the
IFlowers of the fixteenth Clafs, we find the Orders
iin that Clafs depend upon the number of Chives ; \

;and obferving that the Flowers before us contain
:more than lo Chives, we mull exped; to find the
plant in the Order of many Chives. The three
. Genera contained in that Order nearly refemble
ieach other; but the outer Cup being cloven
into 9 parts, we muft fuppofe it No. 904. Under
; that Genus, at page 735, we find only one Species,
and as our plant agrees both in the generic and fpe-
cific character, we pronounce it to be the Althae'a
officinalis or Marfh-mallow W ymote.

Example XIV.

S P A R ' T I U M. Broom.

From the appearance of the Chives, which are
all united by the Threads, we fliould be at a lofs
whether to expecil this plant -in the fixteenth or in
thefeventeenth Clafs ; but the butterfly-fhape of the
Bloflbm determines us to the latter. After reading
the Introdudion to this Clafs, (at page 744O
obferve that the Orders depend upon the number
of Chives. The Flowej's of our plant contain 10
Chives; and, as the Threads are all united-, we are
at no lofs to fee, that it belongs to the firft fub-
divifion of the fourth Order. We now compare it
with the characters of the different Genera ; but,
as the Genera of this Clafs are a natural affemblage,
and, from their fimilarity, admit of one general

Natural

i‘xxVi INTRODUCTION.

Natural Character, the differences between each
Genus muff depend upon minute circumflances^

' ^nd therefore demand a good deal of attention. At

length we perceive;, from the woolly Summit, and
the threads clipping the Seed-bud clofely, that it
muff be the Spartium, No. 925. Comparing it
therefore with the Generic Defcription of Spartium,
(page 756,) and ftill further confirmed by the
Effential Charaffer, we find it mull be the Spar'tium
fcopa'rium, or common Broom.

Example XV:

t

LEON'TODON. t)andelion.

Or Pifs-abed. This plant is in bloffom during great
part of the fpring and fummer; it grows in paftures,
road fides, and the uncultivated parts of gardens.
At the firft view we perceive its ffruffure to be very
different from any we have examined before ; we
hardly know what to call Chives or what Pointals. I
The fadl is this ; this is a true Compound Flower,
or a flower formed of a number of little flowers, or
(Florets,) fitting upon one Receptacle, and'

inclofed by one common Empalement. Turning to
Compound Flowers and Florets in the Didlionary, .
and reading the explanation of Compound Flowers,

V with references to the fourth plate, we foon attain

a true idea of the matter; and therefore feparating
one of the Florets, and examining it carefully, w’e
find 5 Chives with the Tips united, and the Pointal
pairing through the cylinder formed by the uriioii
of the Tips. We therefore refer it to the nineteenth
Clafs. By ftudying the Introdudion to that Clafs,

(at

EXPLANATORY EXAMPLES.

(at page 818,) we underftind ft ill more clearly the
nature of Compound Flowers, and the Florets that
•compofe them. M^e learn too how the Orders are
conftituted; and, upon e^^aming the Flower before
us, and finding that ail the Florets are furnifhed
with Chives and Pointals, we perceive that it belongs
to the firft Order. From the ihape of the Bloffbms
of the Florets, ’which are all long and narrow, we
know that, we muft; look in the firft fiibdivifion of
that Order. Perceiving that the Receptacle is an
important circumftance in the characfter of Com-
pound Flowers, we pull off all the Florets in one
of the Flowers, and expofe the Receptacle to view.
A'Ve find it naked; that is^ not, befet with chaffy or
briftly fubftances. We find too a Feather adhering
to the Seeds ; and obferve the fcales of the Empale-
ment flexible, fome of them being bent back. Thefe
chara61ers correfponding pretty well with the
Leon'todon, No. 99 L we fix upon that as the
Genus. One circumftance, however, makes us
doubt; the feather of our plant is not properly
downy, but confifts of Ample hairs iffuing from the
top of a flender pillar fixed to the Seed."^' But as
we look forward to the generic defcription for fur-

* Feathers of Seeds in the Compound Flowers are either
formed of fmple hairs, or of hairs fet with other finer hairs ; in
the former cafe the Feather is faid to be hairy, in the latter it
is called downy. Now as thefe circumftances muft be attended
to, in forming Generic diftin<ftions, it is neceftary to apprife
the learner, that the Feather muft be expofed to the air a little
time before he can pronounce whether it is hairy or downy, for
whHft it is moift in the flower, the down often lies fo clofe to
the hair as not to be vifible.

Voi, HI.

xxxvir

JTxxviii

INTRODUCTION.

ther information, at page 838, we find this
difficulty noticed in an obfervation fubjoined to the
EfTential Charadler. As there are three fpecies of
this genus natives of Great Britain, we read the
fpecific characT.ers, and, from the deep notches in
the leaves, judge our plant to be the Leon'todon
Tarax'acum, or common Dandelion.*

It will be very proper for the learner thus to
examine feveral more Genera of this Clafs , as the
Coltsfoot, the Burdock, the Thiflle, the Tanfy,
the Daifie, and the Groundfel ; for, by doing this,
he will foon overcome the difficulties which prefent
themfelves.

It may not be amifs for' him to begin with
a Sunflower, which, though not an Englifh plant,
and therefore not to be found in this Book, may
yet, from the large Cze of its Florets, enable him
to form a good idea of the flrudure of compound
flowers.

We are at firft furprized to find the Violet, and
■other Ample Flowers, in the fame clafs with the
compound Flowers ; but we foon recolledl that the

claffic

* This plant was feledled as an example, partly becaufe it
is known to aimoft every child, and partly becaufe it is an excep-
tion to the ufual accuracy of the Linnsean chara<5lers, and Ihould
teach the ftudent to exercife his own powers of obfervation. He
may poffibly have referred it to the Genus Crepis, to which it
really ought to belong, and there he will alfo find it, at page
853, with a reference back to Leontodon.

EXPLANATORY EXAMPLES.

claffic charadler is not taken from the appearance of
the BlolToms, but from the circumftance of the
Tips being united.

By paying a proper attention to the nature of
Compound Flowers, we foon learn to diftinguifh
them from double Flowers : and when by accident
or cultivation any of the true compound Flowers
become double, we fhall always find it depends
upon the multiplication of fome of the parts, and
the exclufion of others.

Example XVI.

A ' R U M. Cuckow-pinti

Not unfrequent in ftiff foils. It generally grows in
fhady places; in roughs, and at hedge bottoms. It
is fometimes called Wake-robin, or Lords and
Ladies. It flowers in May.

There is fomething fo very peculiaf and unufual
in the ftrudlure of this Flower, that we find our-
felves altogether at a lofs how to fet about the invef-
tigation of it. What fhall we call this purplifh long
fubftance that ftands upright within the fheathing
empalement? We remove the Empalement to
examine the lower part of it, and there we find it
furrounded by the Seed-buds. It muft therefore be
a fort of Fruit^flalk, or an elongated Receptacle.
Upon a clofer infpedlion we obferve a number of
hair-like Fibres or Threads, but without Tips. We
now difcover fomething like Tips without Threads^
and from their fituation we begin to think the plant

d 2 belongs

INTRODUCTION. ,

belongs perhaps to the twentieth Clafs. As the
Tips are numerous, and the Orders depend upon
the number of Chives, we look for it in the Order of
many Chives, where we find two Genera ; and from
their charadters we think it moft likely to be the
A'rum, No. 1119, but we are by no means certaiiii
We turn therefore to that Genus, (p. 1004) and
here we are referred to the next Clafs, and there
we feel every doubt difpelled. The generic defcrip-
tion, the fpecific charadler, and the obfervations,j
all. confpire to identify the plant before us;
we congratulate ourfelves that we were not puzzled
by any common circumftance ; and in reading the
obfervations fubjoined to the fpecies, we find that
it has been removed here in confequence of the
fuggeftions of the younger Linnseus, who firft taught
us properly to underhand the ftrudlure of this truly
fingulax flower.

The firfl Order in the Clafs Gynandria requires

a particular examination, and, if we know the

Orchis, or. any other Genus contained therein, it

will bC'Well to compare it with the deferiptions. The

Orchis is frequent in moift clayey foils : it bears

large Spikes of purpliflh Flowers, and bloflbms in

April, May, June, and July.

\

Example XVII.

B E T ' U L A. Birch.

"^I’lie Bircli is a tree common enough in Great
Britain, and very generally known. The Flowers
a.re difpofed in Catkins ; fome of the Catkins are

compofed

EXPLANATORY EXAMPLES.

compofed of Florets which contain only Chives, but
we find others upon the fame tree, whofe Florets
contain only Pointals, This circumftance makes us
refer it to, the tvventy-firfi: Clafs. " As each of the
barren Florets contains 4 Chives, we look for it in
the fourth Order. The Catkins, and the number
of Flowers or Florets in each fcale correfponding
with our fpecimen, we fuppofe it the Bet'ula,
No. 1147. We turn forward to that number, and
the generic defcription at page 1065, confirms our
fuppofition. The Species are two, but the fhape
of the leaves direds us to call our plant the common
Birch, or the Bet'ula abba.

Example XVI 1 1.

H U ' M U L U S. Hop.

The Hop flowers in June. It grows, common in
the hedges in many parts of England, though cul-
tivated in few.

We examine many of the Flowers, and find 5
Chives in each, but no appearance of Pointals. We
believe therefore that the Chives and Pointals grow
upon diftincl plants, and accordingly turn to the
twenty-fecond Clafs. As we have 5 Chives in each
Flower, and the Tips not united^ we find it in the
fifth Order. That Order containing only one
Genus, there can be no room for doubt. We there-
fore call it Hu'mulus, No. ,1221. The generic
defcription at page 1117 correfponds ; and if we
afterwards meet with a plant bearing only fertile
Flowers, that is. Flowers with Pointals, but no

d 3 Chives,

xlii

INTRODUCTION.

Chives, we fhall find them defcribed likewife.
There is only one Species, viz. the common Hop,
or the Hu'mulus lu'pulus of Linnaeus.

Thefe examples will, it is fuppofed, afford fuf-
ficient inftrudlion to the learner, but, if he wifhes
for others, he may confult the Table of the Claffes
facing page xv.

The experienced Botanift will immediately per^
ceive that I have not given an example out of every
Clafs, but he hardly need be told that the
Monandria clafs contains no fpecies likely to fall foon
under the notice of the learner ; that the Heptandria,
the Enneandria, and the Polyadelphia, contain
each only one Genus ; that in the Dodecandria
the plants commonly known being exceptions to
the more obvious Claffic chara6ler, would at firft
only tend to perplex us; and that the Polygamia
Clafs requires no particular illuftration, though,
for the fake of thofe who may think otherwife, the
common Afh, or Frax'inus excel'fior, the common
Crofswort, or Valan'tia Crucia'ta, and the Sycamore
tree (A'cer Pfeudo-Plat'anus) may be pointed out
as examples.

It flill remains to fay fomething of the twenty-
fourth Clafs. The plants in that Clafs are not
arranged like the other parts of the fyflem, and
therefore cannot be inveftigated in the fame man-
ner. They are divided into four natural affem-
blages, viz. Filices, Musci, Alg^e, and Fungi.
Thefe partake of nothing in common, that can with

propriety

EXPLANATORY EXAMPLES. xliii

propriety bring them into the fame Clafs, unlefs it
be the difficulty of difcerning their minute and
inconfpicuous Flowers. The generic and fpecific
charadlers being taken from their general external
appearance, we can only recommend a careful
perufal of the Introdudlion to the Clafs, and an
intimate acquaintance with the terms made ufe of.

This being done, the induftry of the ftudent can-
not fail of its proper reward. ' ;

I

After Gondudling my Pupils in this familiar man-
ner through the different parts of the Syftem, I
muft fuppofe that they no longer fland in need of
my affiflance, and that they will foon find them-
felves equal to the inveftigation of every Britifh
plant which may come before them. But this is
not all : They will find that the Study of Nature
is ever attended with pleafing refledlions ; that the
Study of Botany, in particular, independent of its
immediate ufe, is as healthful as it is innocent.

That it beguiles the tedioufnefs of the road, that^
it furnifhes amufemerit at every footflep of the
folitary walk, and, above all, that it leads to pleaf-
ing reflecflions on the bounty, the wifdom, and the
power of the great CREATOR.

(CI^ The Author will thankfully receive any communi-
cations that can tend to render this book more perfeB;
and^ in cafe the public ever calls for another edition^
fich nexp faBs or obfervatiojis as occur-, Jhall be
inferted., with fuiiable acknowledgments.

DIRECTIONS

FOR

DRYING anii PRESERVING

SPECIMENS of PLANTS.

Many methods have been devifed for the
prefervation of plants ; we fhall relate only
Thofe which have been found moil fuccefsful.

Firfl prepare a prefs, which a workman will make
iby the following directions.

Take two planks of well-feafoned wood not liable
*to warp. The planks muft be two inches thick,
eighteen inches long, and twelve inches broad. Get
Ifour male, and four female fcrews; fuch as are com-
imonly ufed for fecuring fafh windows. Let the
Ifour female fcrews be let into the four corners of
•one of the planks, and correfponding holes made
Ithrough the four corners of the other plank for the
imale fcrew's to pafs through, fo as to allow the
ttwo planks to be fcrewed tightly together. It wil|^
mot be amifs to face the bearing of the male fcrewf
lupon the wood, with iron plates ; and, if the iroi?
]plates went acrofs from corner to corner of the
•wood, it would be a good fecurity againfl the warping.

When

xlvi

DIRECTIONS /or drying

When a prefs is not at hand, the fpecimens may
be dried tolerably well between the leaves of a large
folio book, laying other books upon it to give the
neceffary preflure; but in all cafes too much pref-
fure mull be avoided.

Secondly, get a few fheets of ftrong card pafte-
board, and half a dozen quires of large, foft,
fpongy paper: fuch as the ftationers call Bloflbm
Blotting Paper, is the bell.

The plants you wifh to preferve fhould be ga-
thered in a dry day, after the fun has exhaled the
dew; taking particular care to colledl them in that
Hate wherein their generic and fpecific chara61ers
are mod confpicuous. Carry them home in a tin
box, which may be made about nine inches long,
four inches and a half wide, and one inch and a
half deep. Get the box made of the thinned tinned
iron that can be procured ; and let the lid open
upon hinges. The box fhould be painted, or
lacquered, to prevent it ruding. If any thing
happens to prevent the immediate ufe of the fpe-
cimens you have colletded, they will be kept frefli
two or three days in this box, much better than by
putting them in water; but the BlolToms of fome
plants are fo very delicate, that they fhrivel in a
very fliort time, and often before vou can well
examine them. In this cafe, put the dems in water,
cover the whole with a glafs bell, like thofe ufed
in gardens, or the receiver of an air-pump will do ;
ejjpofe them to the fun, and, in half an hour, you
will find them compleatly expanded. When you

are

and prefervlng SPECIMEN S.

.are going to preferve them, lay them down upon
a pafleboard, as much as polTible in their natural
=form; but, at the fame time, with a particular
view to their generic and fpecific charadlers. For
'this purpofe it will be advifeable to feparate one
lof the flowers, and to difplay the generic charadler.

If the fpecific character depends upon the flower, •
•or upon the root, a particular difplay of that will
Jbe likewife neceflary. When the plant is thus
xlifpofed upon the pafleboard, cover it with eight
tor ten layers of the blotting paper, and put it into
Ithe prefs. Exert only a fmall degree of prefTure,
Ifor ftie firfl two or three days; then examine it,
unfold any unnatural plaits, redlify any miftakes,
and, after putting frefh paper over it, fere w the prefs
a little harder. In about three days more, feparate
the plant from the pafleboard, if it be fufficiently
Ifirrri to allow of a change of place ; put it upon a
dry frefh pafleboard, and, covering it with frefh
aloffom paper, let it remain in the prefs a few days
(longer.’ The prefs fhould {land in the fun-fhine,

□r within the influence of a fire, for nothing is fo
deflrudlive to the beauty of the Specimens as a long
xontinued dampnefs.*

When it is perfedlly dry, the ufual method is to
'alien it down with pafle or gum water, on the right
nand inner page of a fheet of large flrong writing-
naper. It requires fome dexterity to glue the plant

neatly

* One of my correfpondents aflures me, that he finds old
iroad cloth better than paper, for abforbing the moifture of the
Plants; but I have not had occafion to try it.

xlyii

xlviii

DIRECTIONS for drying

neatly down, fo that none of the gum or pafte may
appear to defile the paper. Prefs it gently again
for a day or two, with a half fheet of blolTom-paper
between the folds of the writing paper. When it
is quite dry, write upon the left hand inner page of
the paper, the name of the plant ; the fpecihc cha-
radler; the place where, and the time when it was
found; and any other remarks you think proper.
Upon the back of the fame page, near the fold of
the paper, write the name of the plant, and then
place it in your cabinet. A fmall quantity of finely
powdered arfenic, or corrofiye fubliniate, is fre-
quently mixed with the pafte or gum water, to pre-
vent the devallations of infecfls ; but the feeds of
Staves-acre finely powdered, will anfwer the fame
purpofe, without being liable to corrode or to change
the colour of the more delicate plants. Some peo-
ple put the dried plants into the fheets of writing
paper, without faflening them down at all, which I
think much the moft ufeful way : others only fallen
them by means of fmall flips of paper, palled acrofs
the flem or branches. In the twenty-fourth Clafs
fome of the Genera contain a great nurnber of fpe-
cies ; where this is the cafe, and the fpecimens are
fmall, feveral of them may be put into one fheet of
paper, but a feparate fheet to. each fpecies is to be
preferred.

Another more expeditious method is to take the
plants out of the prefs, after the firfl or fecond day;
let them remain upon the pafleboard; cover them
with five or fix leaves of bloffom paper, and iron
them with a hot fmoothing iron, until they are per-
fectly

and prefervlng SPECIMENS.

: ftclly dry. If the iron be too hot, it will change
: the colours ; but fome people, taught by long prac-
tice, fucceed very happily. This is quite the bell
method to treat the different Species of Orchis and
other (limy mucilaginous plants..

I am indebted to T. Velley Efq. of Bath, for
ithe following imptoved method of drying plants,
which, as it is the refult of much experience, can-
I not but prove acceptable to the pradlical botanifti
;I confider his permiffion to make it public as an ad-
ditional obligation, and cannot avail myfelf of it
"to better purpofe, than by adopting his own words,
which I {hall therefore tranfcribe from his Letters.

“ I place the plant when frefh, between

feveral fheets of blotting paper, and iron it with
“ a large fmooth heatet, pretty flrongly warmed,
*“ till all the moifture is diffipated. The flowers
and frudification I fix dowm with gum, upon
the paper on which they are to remain, and iron
them in that ftate, by which means they become
almofl incorporated into the paper, in their
proper forms. Many colours I have been able
“* to fix, which frequently forfook the flowers dur-
ing the gradual and tedious procefs of fand-heats,
and other methods w'hich I had before tried.

“ Some plants require a more moderate heat
than others: experience muff determine this ;
and herein confifts the nicety of the experiment.
The forms and colours fecm to remain more per-
‘ fed by this mode than by any other I have been

“ able

D I R E C T,I O N S /or drying

“ able to try.” ‘‘‘ If the mucilaginous and fuc-

“ culent plants do not fucceed fo well with refped^
“ to their colour, under the hot fmoothing iron,
“• I have always found that they failed full as much,
or more, when preferved by other means. The
“■ colours of the blolfoms in the didynamious clafs,
“ I could never fix by a fand-heat. Several of
thefe, as well as of the rough-leaved plants, I
“ have preferved tolerably well by ironing.

“ It is neceflary to obferve, that in compound
“ flowers, or in thofe of a folid and more ftubborn
“ form, as the Centaurea, &c. fome little art mull
“ be employed in cutting away the under part, by
which means the profile and form of the flowers
“ will be more diftindlly exhibited, provided they
“ are to be palled down.” — After all, it muft
be remembered that a plant, when preferved in
“ a moll perfedl llate, is a kind of Hygrometer, and
“ if expofed for any time to a moift atmofphere, or
laid up in a fituation which is not perfe6lly dry,
“ will imbibe a degree of humidity that muft foon
prove injurious to the beauty of the fpecimen.”

Mr. Velley fent me fome plants dried by thefe
means, which are the moft beautiful fpecimens I
liave feen. The facility of drying plants by iron-
ing, muft render this method particularly acceptable
to the travelling botanift.

»

Where no better convenience can be had, the
fpecimens may be difpofed fyflematically in a large
folio book ; but a vegetable cabinet, called a Hortus
ficcus, or an Herbarium, is, upon all accounts,

more

\

and prefervlng SPECIMENS. ii

;more eligible. In plate XII. you have a fedlion of
>an Herbarium, in the true proportions it ought to
ibe made, for containing a compleat colledion of
;Briti{h plants. By the affiftance of this drawing,
;and the adjoining fcale, a workman will readily
make one. The drawers muft have backs and fides,
Jbut no other front than a fmall ledge. Each drawer
will be fourteen inches wide, and ten inches from
the back to the front, after allowing half an inch for
the thicknefs of the 2 fides, and a quarter of an inch
For the thicknefs of the back. The fides of the drawers,
in the part next the front, muft be Hoped off in afer-
pentine line, fomething like what the workmen call
m ogee. The bottoms of the drawers' muft be made
oflide in grooves cut in the uprights, fo that no fpace
maybe loft between drawer and drawer. After allow-

ing a quarter of an inch for the thicknefs of the bot-
tom of each drawer, the clear perpendicular fpace
ni each muft be as in the following table.

I.

II.

III.

HV.

V.

n.

pii,

FX.

t/1.

i<J.

II.

IIIII.

Two tenths of an inch. XIV.

One Inch and two tenths.

Four inches and fix XV.
tenths.

Two Inches and three XVI.
tenths.

Seven inches and eight XVII.
tenths.

Two inches and two XVIII.
tenths. XIX.

Two tenths of an inch. XX.

One Inch and four tenths.

Two tenths of an inch. XXI.

Two inches and eight

tenths. XXII.

One inch and tw'o tenths.

Three inches and five XXIII.
tenths.

Two inches and four XXIV.
tenths.

Three inches and eight
tenths.

Three inches and four
tenths.

One inch and three
tenths.

Two Inches and eight
tenths.

Six tenths of an inch.

Ten inches.

One inch and nine
tenths.

Four inches and four
tenths.

Two inches and fix
tenths.

One inch and tv
tenths.

Seventeen inches

DIRECTIONS /or drying

This cabinet (huts up with two doors in fronts
and the whole may hand upon a bafe, containing
a few drawers for the reception of duplicates and
papers- Where a very compleat colledion of plants
of the Cryptogamia clafs is intended, the fpace in
the 24th drawer.will be infufficient; but this maybe
remedied, by alloting the drawers in the bafe of
the cabinet to that purpofe.

In addition to the methods of preparing a Hortus
ficcus already pointed out, I am defired by my friend
Mr. Whateley, Surgeon^ in London^ to infert the
following account of a method which he has ufed
with the greatell advantage; and fuch of my readers
as obferve his rules, and execute them with adroit-
nefs, will find their attentions well rewarded.

“ Procure a compleat Specimen of the plants
“ not wet, not injured by irtfedfs, with the flowers,
“ feeds, leaves, and root, (if the plant will admit
“ of it,) and adapted in the larger plants to thfe
“ fize of the paper.

“ Remove the dirt, decayed leaves, and other
“ unnecefFary parts. The plant muft then be laid

upon the infide of a fheet of common cap paper,
“ in the exaifi part of it where it is intended to
“ remain, to be expanded and Compreffed in the
“ following manner; but, previous to that, the
“ underwritten apparatus muft be ready, viz. a
“ great number of fcraps of the fame cap paper,
' from one to four inches fquare, rubbed between
he hands till foft — (if the paper is ftiff, it wfill
" - “ not

and prefervlng SPECIMENS.

‘‘ not yield fufficientlyto the prelTure of the fand,
“ which would make the plant Ihrivel,) — fome fmall
“'leaden or other flat weights — a few fmall books —
“ and a wooden box filled w'ith clean dry fand;
“ that which 1 have always ufed, and would re-
“ commend, is a flrong qak box that is brought
“ out of Cornwall with tin; it is eafily procured.,
and bears a fummer’s roafting. The cracks and
“ chinks fhould be palled over with flrong paper,
“ on the infide. The neatefl fand is the white
“ writing filver fand, but any othfer kind that is
“ dry and fifted'will do. The flowers and leaves
“ at the upper part of the plant are firfl to be co-
“ vered feparately, with fome of the fcraps of
“ paper; one of the weights, or a fmall book, is
“ afterwards to be put upon them. The next flowers
“ and leaves are then to be covered in the fame
“ manner ; and fo on to the lower part of the
“ plant, till the whole are expanded ; and as many
“ weights or books put upon the paper, as are fuf-
“ ficient to keep the different parts of the plant in
“ the intended form ; and, as the beauty of the
“ fpecimen very much depends upon this part of
“ the procefs, each large petal ought to be feparately
“ laid flat with a piece of paper, and the utmofl
“ care taken, that every part of the plant is laid
“ down without folds, which may be done in gene-
“ ral in a fhort time.

“ The left hand leaf of the fheet of paper is
“ then to be brought in contadl with the other half,
“ leaving the plant and papers between them,
which may be done by removing carefully the
Vol. III. e “ weights

liv

DIRECTIONS /or drying

“■ weights and books to the outfide of the paper,
“ —If more than one plant is intended to be dried
‘‘ at the fame 'time, the weights may be taken off,
and two or three fmall books placed upon the
“ paper, which Ihould be carried in this flate to
another table, by taking hold of each end of it.

“ Plants of the Genus Potaniogeton, or others
* “ that grow in water, ought to be put into the
“ fand, without lofs of time, and well prelTed,
“ elfe they are very apt to dry and flirivel._ .

“ When all the plants are prepared, a layer of
‘‘ fand, an inch deep, is to be put into the box,
“• and one of the plants, with the books placed
“ upon it. Thefe lall are to be carefully removed,
and a layer of fand, rather deeper than the
“ farmer, inflantly put upon the paper. The
other plants are afterwards to be placed and
“ covered in the fame manner, till the whole are
“ finifhed. This done, every part of the fand
“ mull be gently prelTed down by the foot, and
“ the degree of prelfure regulated by the nature of
the plants. If they are fliff and firm, as the
“ Holly or Furze, much preflure is required j if
“ tender and fucculent, a lefler degree is better,
“ for fear of extravafating the juices, which would
“ injure the colour of the plant; but particular
“ care fliould be taken to make a fufficient decree

o

pf prelfure upon the expanded blolfoms, that
“ they may not fhrivel in drying.

The

and prefervlng SPECIMENS.

“ The box is then to be carefully placed before
“ a fire, or in a gentle oven, as may be mofi; con-
venient, alternately changing the fides of the
“ box to the fire, once or twice a day. In two or
“ three days tiie plants will be perfectly dry: the
“ fandmuft then be taken out with a common plate,
“ and put into a fpare box, and the papers, with
the plants, carefully taken out alfo, put into a
fheet of writing paper, and kept in a very dry
■“ fituation, elfe the beauty of the plant will go
■“ off,

“ This method of preferving plants is, from much
experience, preferable to any other, and has
every advantage attending it that can be wiQied
for. It dries moll of them of a fine natural and
durable colour, as well in the flowers as the
*“ leaves; but it will be found upon trial, that a
“ different degree of heat is fuitable to different
plants, and that lome will dry much better than
others. I have always found the fewer plants
there were in the box at a time, and the quicker
the heat, the better the colours were. Thofe
plants that have coloured flowers fhould always
be placed uppermoft, elfe their colour will be
injured by the raoifture from the others.”

I

e 2

A Die-

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A

D I C t I O N A R- Y

O F

ENGLISH BOTANICAL TERMS,

' With the correfponding Terms of Linn

BORTlVE (abortivi flofculi)
producing no feed. See Bar-
ren.

ABRUPT * (abruptus) when a
kkvifiged leaf ends without a tendril
Dr a little leaf. PI. 8. fig. 53.

ACORN. The feed of the OaL

ALTERNATE (alternus)
branches, or leaves ,* as the leaves
:of Barrage, or Cheguered Daffodil.
IPl. 9. f/s./t/. d. d. d. d.) PI. 8.
.f. 54.

ANNUAL (annuus) living
lonly one year ; as the Larkfpur.

ANGULAR (angulatus) Stem,
kc. having edges or corners : op-
pofed to cylindrical. A ftem or fialk
may have i, 2, 3, 4> oi'
pies or corners. The White Arch-

O

angel hath 4.

Capsule; zsm Flower

de Ltice, or Flag.

APPROACHING (connivens)
Leaves; bent inwards towards the

Item. PI. 9. f. 5. (a. a.)

Petals convergfiig

to the centre of the flower, as in
the Paony. Globe Flower. ' '

* The plants referred to in this DicTionary, for the fake of illuRratmg the
idifFerent Terms, are for the molt part natives of this llland,
iby their moil common Englifli names, bccaufe the reader who recdllecits them
•will immediately, and without further trouble, be able to form the right idea
which the term is intended to convey ; and as thefe names are iiUerted in the
i index, he may eafily turn to the proper generic and trivial name. Theinltances
taken from exotic plantsr are chiefly fuch as are cultivated in almoft every
< garden, and are introduced only when an Englifh plant was wanting to wnc
r the term could be properly applied, or when it was thought that the exotic was
■ more commonly known and more* eafily attainable than the native.

Threads,'

Iviii DICTIONARY OF Englijh

Threads; as in

Dorra^e.

Tips; leaning to-
ward^ each other ; as in the White
Archanniel and ivy-leaved Gill.

ARROW-SHAPED (fagittatys)
Leaf ; fhaped like the head of ah
arrow, as the leaves oi Sorrel ; the
Small or Great Bindweed. PI. 7. f. 13.

Tips ; as in the

Cro cus. Elder.

P,RO PS ; as in the Pea.

ASCENDING (afcendens)
growing firfi; horizontally and then
bowed upwards. It is applicable ei-
ther to Leaves, to Stalks, to Stems, as
in (piked Speedwell, or to Chives, as
in all the Speedwells. See the Chive
next belozi) (a.) in pi. i. f. 8.

AWL-SHAPED (fubulatus)
{lender, and becoming finer to-
wards the end, like an awl. PI. 7.
f. 8. PI. 5. f. 15. /'flj as \.h.t Leaves
of Rock Stone-crop.

Threads ; as in

Crocus. Barrage. Daffodil. Hawthorn.

Seeds; as in Shep-
herds Needle.

AWN ( irifta) the (lender fliarp
fubftance growing to the valves of
corn orgn!s,and frequently called
a l)eard. It is remarkable enough
in Outs and Barley. It is fometimes
nfed to fignify a (harp point termi-
nating a leaf, &c. PI. 2. f. 21.
f(j. b.J f. 20^. (b. h.)

IjAG (foliiculus) a difiended
bladder-l’ke feed-veilel, opening on
one fide, ;s in the Ptriwinele, or
B'aJ.lrr '^caa.

BARE (nudus) a bare fiein,
deiiitute of leaves.

leaf, oppofed

to hairy, woolly, See.

BARK (cortex) the univerfal
covering of the flems, roots, and
branches of vegetables. It is gene-
rally fpoken of as inner and outer.
Blofl’oms are an expanfion of the
inner, and empalements are a con-
tinuation of the outirbark.

BARREN (mafculi) (fiaminei
flores)FLOWERS, thole that produce
no perfe6l feeds. The barren flowers
are generally thofe that have
chives, but no pointals. Flowers
that have only pointals are fome-
times barren, owing to the abfence
of other flowers that have chives.
In the Rundled flowers (Clafs V.
Order II.) it is not uncommon to
have feveral of the florets barren,
though they are furnilhed both
with chives and pointals ; perhaps
owing to fame imperfeflion in the
pointals ; but future obfervation
mufi; determine this matter. PI. i.
f. 21. a. 22. a. 23.

BASE (axillaris) that part of a leaf,
&CC. nearefi: to the branch or flem.

....OF theL eaves OR Branches.
Flowers or fruit-flalks are often faid
to grow at the bafe of the leaves, or
the branches ; that is, when they
are placed at the bottom of a leaf ’
or branch, and on the inner fide,
where it joins to the flem. PI. 9.
f. 5. ^/n.^the fruit-flalks of the
Common Pimpernel ; the Great Peri-
xvinkle, and the Flowers of the Com-
mon Calamint, are examples.

BAT t LED ORE-SHAPED
(dolabriformis) and of unequal
thicknefs like an axe.

BEADED (granulatus) confifl-
ing ol many little knobs conne6led
by iniall firings. As the roots of
the White Saffjragc.

BEARDED

BOTANICAL TERMS. lix

BE A R D E D (barbatus) befet
ith ftraight parallel hairs.

B E L L - S HAP E D (campanu-
btiis) the idea this term is intend-
ed to convey cannot well be mil-
aken ; examples of it occur in
Ihe Cup of the Cherry; in the
Blojfoms of the Convolvulus or Lily
f the Valley; and in the Honey-
iup of the IVild Daffodil. PI. 5* t •
.a.) PI. 4- 2. 3- 4- 5-

BENEATH (inferus) a Dloffom
js faid to be beneath when it includes
he feed-bud and is attached to
he part immediately below it, as
he bloffom of Sage; Barrage;
Convolvulus. Polyanthus.

a Seedbud is faid to

DC beneath when it is placed below
the attachment of the blolfom , and
zherefore not included within it ;
as in the Honey-fuckle ; Currant ;

' Hawthorn .

BERRY (bacca) a pulpy feed-
weflel without valves; in which
Ithe feeds are naked, as in the
'Goofeberry or Elderberry. PI. 5*
if. 19.

BIENNIAL (biennis) plants or
roots ; are thole which continue
alive two years.

BIRDS- FOOTED (pedatus)
bearing fome refemblance to the
feet ot land fowl ; as the leaves
of the Pajfion Flower, or the feed-
veffel of the Bird’s-foot ‘trefoil.
PI. 7. f. 49.

BITTEN (praemorfus) not
tapering to a point, or ending in
any even regular form, but ap-
pearing as if bitten off; as in the
root of Devil' s-bit ; and the petals
of common and MarJhmaUozvs. PI.
7. f. 18.

BILL (roftrum) a long awl-
fliapecl fubftance refembling the
bill of a Wood-cock ; as in Shep-
herd’s-Needle ; ox Crane’s-bill. PI. 5.
f. 15. fa.)

BLADDER-SHAPED (infiatus)
difiended like a blown bladder; as
is the cup of the Bladder Campion,
and the blolfom of the Figwort.

BLISTERED (bullatus) when
the furface of a leaf riles high
above the veins, fo as to appear
like blilfers.

BLOSSOM (corolla) one of the
parts of a flower. It may confift
of one or more Petals; and is
formed by an expanfion of the .
inner bark of the plant. PI. 4*
BLUNT (obtufus) oppofed to
Jharp , as the leaves of the Spiked
Speedwell ; the cup of the Convol-
vulus; and theCapfule of the Tellow
Rattle.

BOAT-SHAPED (navicularis)
like a little keel-bottomed boat ;
as are the valves of the feed-velfels
of the Woad and the Mithridate.
PI. 5. f. 13.

BORDER (limbus) the upper
fpreading part of a blolfom ol one
Petal ; as in the Primrofe and Au-
ricula. It is fometimes ufed to
fignify the thin membranaceous
part of a leed,or feed-velfel. PI. 4*

f. I. (b. b.)

BOWED (arcuatus) bent li]ce
a bow.

inwards (incurvatus.)

BRISTLES (fetas) flrong, ftift',
cylindrical hairs.

BRISTLE-SHAPED (fetaceus)
flender, and nearly cylindrical ;
as the flraw of the lecfl Bullrujh ;
the leaves an iviopsohheAJparagus.

BROAD-

lx

DICTIONARY OF EngliJJi

BROAD -TOPPED-SPIKE
(covymbus) a I'pike wherein each
of the flowers (lands elevated upon
its proper fruit-flalk, fo that they
all rife to nearly the fame height.

Exemplified in the Pear and the
Common Betklem Star. PI. 6. f. 7.

BUD (gemma) a protuberance
upon the ftem or branches, gene-
rally fcaly, and gummy or re-
finous. It contains the rudiments
of the leaves, or flowers, or both,
which are to he expanded the fol-
lowing year.

BULB (bulbus) may be con-
fidered as a Bud placed upon the
root. It contains the rudiments
or embryo of a future plant.
Bulbs . fometimes are found upon
the flem, as in forne fpecies of
Garlic.

A Bulbous Root (bulbofus)
is either

SoLiD,asintheTw/i/).Pl. i i.Fi3,

Scaly, as in the Lily. V\. ii.
f. 4. or

Coated, as in tire Omon. PI. ii.

f. 2.

BUNCH (racemus) a fruit-
flalk furniflred with fhort lateral
branches. The Grape, the Cur-
rant,3.nd the Barberry are inflances.
PL 6. f. 8.

BUNDLE (fafciculus) when
feveral flowers (land on their re-
fpeftive fruit-flalks,’ which grow
nearly from the fame point, and
rife to the farne height ; as in the
Sweet William.

BUNDLED(fafciculatus)LEAVEs,
when they afife nearly from the
fame point and are crowded to-
gether; as in the Larch. PI. o.

?. 3- (f-J ■ ■

Roots; a fort of

tuberous roots in which the knobs
are connefled without the inter-
vention of threads, as in the Paony.

BUTTERFLY -SHAPED
(papilionaceus) from an imaginary
refemblance that fome blolfoms
bear to that infe6l. The Pea and
the Broom furnifh examples. See
the introdu6lion to the 17th clafs;
and alfo pi. 4. f. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

CAPSULE (capfula) a dry hol-
low feed-veffel, that opens natur-
ally in fome determinate manner;
as at the Side by a fmall hole in
Orchis and Campanula ; horizontally
in Pimpernel;' longimys in Convol-
vulus ; at the bottom in Arrowgrafs;
or at the top as in mofl plants.
See pi. 5. f. 6. 9. 14.

CATKIN (amentum) is a com-
pofition of flowers and chaff, on a
long receptacle, refembling a Cat’s
tail. The Willozv, the Hajel, and
the Reedmace, are inftances. PI. 6.
f. 12.

CELL (loculamentum) having
cells (locularis) a vacuity in the
capfule for lodging the feed. Cap-
fules have either one cell as in
Primroje: two as in 7'hornapple:
three as in Lily : four as in Spin-
dletree : five as in Rue : fix as in
Ajarabacca, &tc. PI. 3. f. 4.

It alfo .fignifies the vacuity in
the tips that contains the dun.

CENTRAL ((lores flofculofi)
•Leaves, thofe that occupy the
middle part of a compound flower;
as the yellow ones in the middle
of a common Dailey; pi. 4.
f. 24. fb.J and it likewife is ufe^
to fignify the flowers in the mid-
dle part of a rundle.

Leaf-

BOTANICAL TERMS.

ixL

Leaf-Stalk is fixed

not to the bafe, but to the middle
qjart of a leaf, as in ‘the garden
'iNaihrtium and MarJJi Pennywort.
IPi: 9. f. 4- fa.J

CHAFF (palea) a thin meinbra-
•aaceous fubftance growing from a
rommon receptacle to feparate the
florets from each other, as in 'Teajel;
Scabious ; IVillow ; Burdock.

CHAFFY (acerofus) Leaves ;
the leaves of the Fir, the Few, the
ift'ne, and the Cedar are fo called.
Tl. 9. f. 3. fe.J

Receptacle, Flower,

nor He'sk, (paleaceus) befet with a
.•fubftance like chaff.

CHANNELLED(canaliculatus)
Xeaves ; having a deep furrow or
4channel extending from the bafe
Yotheend.

CHIVE (fiamen) open the
blolTom of a Tulip or Lily and you
• will fee fix long threads placed
rround the central pillar, with a
"tip on the top of each thread.
POne of thefe threads together with
its tip is called a chive. PI. 3,.
T.2. (b.b.b.b.b.b.)L 3. fh. i.)f.

CIRCULAR (fubrotundus)
nearly in the form of a circle, a?
are the leaves of the Alder, or the
petals of tlie Strawberiy and Haxz)-
(horn. PI. 7. f. 2.

CIRCUMFERENCE (radius)
the part of a circle moft diftant
Ifromthecentre. Thus hi a Chilling
or half crown the infcription is
rround the circumference. It is
ufed in botany to exprefs the
liorets that are furtheft from the
centre of a compound flower; as
the white ones that furround the
yellow ones in the Common Daijie,

or the florets in the outer part of
a rundle. PI. 4. f. 24. fa. a.
a. a.)

CLAMMY (vifcofus) adhefive
like bird-lime ; as are the leaves
of the Alder; or the ftalks of
Fraxinella ; and Gum Cijlus.

CLASS (claflis) fee the intro-
duftion.

CLAW, (unguis) bloflbms that
are compofed of feveral petals,
have frequently thofe petals lo
formed as to admit of two diftinft
names ; the claw and the limb.
Th,e claw is the lower part, or
that next to the bafe: thus if you
take a Pink, a Campion, or a Wall-
Jlower, and draw out one of the
petals, the lower and the flender
part by which it was conne6ted,
and which was included within the
cup, is the part which is called
the Claw. PI. 4. f. Ji. fa. a.)

CLIMBING (fcandens) a term,
applied to plants that take the ad-
vantage of twining round fome
other body to fupport and raife
them Cel ves ; as the Ivy and Honey-
Jucile.

CLOATHING (pubes) every
fpecies of hairinefs on the furface
of plants. See Down; Hair;
Wool ; Bristles.

CLOSE (conglomeratus) when
a branching fruit-ftalk bears its
flowers clofely compared together,
but without regularity.

CLOVEN (filfus) divided half
way down, as are the fummits of
Ground Ivy and Jacob’s Ladder ; the
petals of Campion ; and the leaves j
of wormwood. j

Tips; fee pi. i. f. 3. j

fa. a. a.J ■

CLUB- I

Ixii DICTIONARY OF Englljh

CLUB-SHAPED (clavatus)
thin at the bale and thicker up-
wards, as is the fruit-ftalk of the
Cuckc:vpint, and of the African
Manz;a'd.

CLUSTER (thyrfus) a collec-
tion of flowers fomewhat in an egg-
ihaped form, as thofe of the Lilac
and Butterbur.

COLOURED (coloratus) when
a leaf or cup is any other colour
than green ; as the floral-leaves of
Gulden Saxifrage.

COMB (coma) a c"olle6lion of
floral-leaves, terminating the dow-
ering Bern, as in Sa?;e and Crown
imperial ; it is remarkable alfo in
the Pine Apple.

COMMON Empalement (calix
communis) including feveral flow-
ers : fee the introduftion to the
19th clafs. We have a well-known
inftance in the Dandelion, and in all
the Lhijlles. PI. 4. f. 20.

Receptacle (recepta-

culum commune) a feat for feveral
flowers or florets included within
one common empalement ; as is
the cafe with mofl of the plants in
the 19th clafs. The Dandelion is
an example. PI. 4. f. 23. fa.)

COMPACT (coarftatus) growing
dole and as it were prelfed together.

COMPOUND Flowers; (com-
poflti dores) confift of many florets
upon one receptacle or feat, and
included within one common em-
palement ; as mofl of thofe in the
19th clafs; z L^hijlle is a familiar

example. PI. 4. f. 19- 24. 25

Sometimes, but with lefs propriety,
the flowers that grow in rundles
are called compound, as thofe in
the fecond order of the 5th dais ;

of which the Carrot is a well-known
inftance.

Rundle; (umbel la

compoflta) vi'hen each rundie is
divided into other little rundles
or rundlets. PI. 6. f. 9.

Leaf ; when each

leaf-ftalk fupports more than one
leaf; or when one leaf is inferted
into another, as in Wood Horjetail.
PI. 7. f. 47. 49. PI. 8. f. 52. 53.
54. 55. 56. PI. 9; f. 3. (a.)See alfo
doubly compound ; triply compound.

Berry ; when one

large berry is compofed of feveral
fmall ones, as for inflance, the
Rafpberry.

COAiPRESSED (compreiTus) a
term applied to a cylindrical I'ub-
flance more or lefs flatted. Thus
fuppofe a flraw to be the cylindri-
cal fubftance ; if this be prelfed be-
tween the thumb and finger fo as
to flatten it, we fliould then fay it
was comprelfed. The cup of the
Gillijower or \he WallfloN'er is com-
pi'elTed, and fo is tlie blolfom of
the Rattle, and the pod of' the
Ladyfmock.

Leaf ; one that is

thicker than it is broad.

CONCAVE (concavus) hollowed
out like a bowl ; as are the petals
of the Cherry or the Hawthorn ; and
the leaves of Brvad-leaued Plantain.

CONE (flrobilus) a fpecies of
feed-vefl'el exemplified in the Pine
and Fir. PI. 9. f. 18.

CONGREGATED (glomeratus)
when feveral little fpikes or pani-
cles are crowded together fomewhat
in a globular I'orm. Examples are
not uncommon among the Graffes;
Rough Cocksfoot is one. ,

CONICAL

/

BOTANICAL TERMS. Ixiii

CONICAL (coniciis) the fliape
of the Alpine Strcmberry ; nearly
refembling the form of a fugar loaf.

CONNECTED (adnatus) Leaves
ijf Props; thofe that have their
jpper fnrface at the bale growing
:o the ftem or branch.

CONTIGUOUS (adpreffns)
'..vhen a leaf, branch, or feed-velTel
irifes up fo perpehdicularly as to
?fand almofl parallel and clofe to
ihe flem. The pods of the Com-
'^non Muflard furnilh an example ;
and the leaves of the Crcfs Mithri-
date. PI. Q. f. 6.

CONVEX (convexus) oppofed
Ito concave. Rifing like the furfece
Kjf a globe. The receptacle of the
•garden 'T anfey is convex.

C R EEP 1 N G (repens) Stem;
icreeping along the ground, and
ifending forth little roots ; the Vi-
ip/ctand /i:.[)’areinfi:ances. Pi. io.f.8.

Root; as in the

■Spearmint. Pi- lo. f. 7.

CRESCENT-SHAPED (lunu-
!laris) (Iunatus) fliaped like a new
moon ; as are the tips of the
'■Strawberry.

Leaf. PI. 7. f. 1 1.

CRESTED (criflatus) dowers,
ifurnifhed with a tuft or crefl, as
:is the common Milkwort.

CROOKED (cernuus) Fruit-
:sTALK;lbmuch bentthat theflower
ifaces the earth, and fo ftiff that it
Icannot be flraightened without
Jbreaking : as in Crown Imperial.

C R O S S-P AIRS (deculfatus)
”when leaves grow in pairs, and each
Ipair points in a different direftiou
jto the pair next above or below
iit. Thus, if one pair point Eaft
;and Weft, the pair next below it

point North and South ; the third
pair croftes the fecond, the fourth
the third, and fo on. PL 9. f. i.

CROSS-SHAPED (cruciatus)
(cruciformis) Flowers; are thofe
which have four petals difpofed in
the form of a crofs. The Gillijlower
Candytuft, and Cabbage, are familiar
inftances. PI. 4. f. ii.f. 12.

CROWNED (coronatus) Seed;
is a feed to which the cup of the
flower adheres, as in ‘T’eafel ; or it
is a feed furnifhed with a feather,
as in Dandelion. PL 4. f. 22. f. 27.

Berry; is a

berry with the flower-cup adher-
ing ; as in the Honey fuckle .

Cup ( perianth ium) a fpecies of
empalement contiguous to the
other parts of the flower. It either
includes one flower, as in the Con-
volvulus and Gillijloz&er ; or feveral
florets, as in the Sunflower and
Daijie. PL 3. f. i. f. 10. f. 5. (a.)
PL 4. f. 7. (c.) f. 12. (b.) f. 13. 14,
18. (a. a. a.)

Double (calyculatus.)

CURLED (crifpus) Leaves; as
in Endive znd. Curled Mint, PL 8.
f. 67.

CURVED (reclinatus) bent back,
fo that the extremity is lower than
the bafe. PL 9. f. 5. fe. e.J

CUT-ROUND (circumfciffus)
when a feed-veffel does not open
longways, as is generally the cafe,
but in a circle furrounding it, like
a fnuff-box, as in Pimpernel. PL 5.
f. 9.

CYLINDRICAL (teres) the
foun of the trunk ol a tree. PL 8.
f. 68.

Straw; Bullrutb.

Stalk; Great Plantain.

Stem ;

Ixiv

DICTIONARY OF Englljh

Stem : Afparae;us.,

Leaf; Wild Garlic’,

Onion.

Cup; Pink.

Catkin; Reedmace.

DECIDUOUS (deciduus)
Leaves ; thofe that fall off at the
approach of winter.

Cup; falling off

before the bloflbm ; as does that
of the T’korn-apple, the Cabbage,
the Ladyfmock, and the Poppy.

Seed-vessel; fall-
ing off before it opens, as in the
Sea Rocket and Woad.

DECLINING (declinatus) bent
like a bow, with the arch down-
wards ; as the feed-veffel of the
IVater Crejfet, the threads of the
Buglofs. See the lower chive in

pi. I . E I I. f. 12.

DENTED (retufus) ablunt leaf,
kc. with a dent or blunt notch at
the end ; as in the Broad-leaved Sea
Heath.

DEPRESSED (depreffus) when
,the furface of a leaf, &cc. is in a
fmall degree concave — prelfed
down — flatted.

DIAMOND-SHAPED (rhom-
beus) applied to leaves that refem-
ble the figure of a diamond as
painted on cards,

DIMPLED (umbMicatus) having
a little hollow dot ; as in the fruit
of the Barberry.

DISTANT (diflans) far afun-
der ; as the chives of the Mint ; or
the whorls of the flowers in the
Corn Mint.

DISTENDED (ventricofus) as
the cup of the Rofe, or. the under
part of the bloffom of the Foxglove.
Pi. 4. f. 4.

DISTINCT (dioecia) a term ap-
plied to chives and pointals when
they are not only found in dif-
ferent flowers, but thefe flowers
muft likewife grow upon different
plants. See the 22d clafs. Thus
in the Y'erv "Tree, if you find it in
flower, and one of the flowers is
furnifhed with chives.; all the
flowers upon that particular tree
have only chives and no pointals ;
but if you find a flower with a
pointal and no chives, then all the
flowers upon that tree will be found
equally deftitute of chives. PI. i.
f. 22.

DIVERGIN G (divergens)
fpreading wide from the ftem, ai-
mofl horizontally. This term is
oppofed to Compact.

' D I V I S I O N S. See the next
article.

DIVIDED (partitus) applied to
a leaf, a cup, or a petal ; it figni-
fies that it is parted more than half
way down ; as the petals of Clnck-
weed; the cup of Comfrey, or Bar-
rage. PI. 7. f. 28.

DOTTED (punfiatusj marked
with little hollow dots ; as are the
leaves of the Sea Chamomile ; and
the receptacle of fome of the com-
pound flowers. PI. 4. f. 23.

DOUBLED together (condupli-
catus) as are the leaves of the
Black Cherry before they unfold.

DOUBLE (didymus) applied to
the tips of feveral flowers, when
upon one thread there are two tips
united, like a double nut; as in
the Ranunculus, Anemone, Celandine
Plumb, Cherry. PI. 3. f. 6. (h.)

....Cup; (duplex) when

the cup of a flower hath another

outer

Ixv

botanical terms.

nuter cup furrounding it, as in the ;
'M<irjhmal!cio, and Hollyhock,

Seed-bud ; when tw'o

l{^d-buds are united together, as in
iGoofe-<rrafs or Cleavers.

D 6 U B L Y - C O M P O U N D
(decompofitus) Leaves, having the
primary leaf-dalk divided, fo that
leach divifion forms a compound
leaf. They are of three different
kinds;

I .T \v I N F o R K ; (bigeminus) when
a forked leaf-ftalk bears feve-
ral leafits at the end of each
divifion or fork. PL lo. f. 4.
2.D0UBLY threefold; (bi-ter-
natus) when a leaf-ftalk with
three divifions bears three
leafits upon the end of each
divifion. PI. 8. f. 57.
5.DouBLy-wiNGED; (duplicato-
pinnatus)(bi-pinnatus) a leaf-
ftalk having lateral ribs, and
each of thefe ribs being a
winged leaf ; example ‘Tanfey,
Tarroii). PL 8. f. 56.

For leaves more than doubly com-
pound, fee Triply Compound.

DOWNY (toraentofus) covered
with a whitifh down : as the leaves
ohh€MatjhmaUoz&a.ud Great Mullein.

Seeds ; (piumofus) the

feather of feeds is fometimes cfowny ,
as in Goats-beard. PL 4. f. 22. (1.)
PL 6. f. 2. (b.)

DUST (farina, pollen) a fine
powder contained in the tips of
flowers : it is too minute for the
naked eye to examine, but by the
affiftance of a microfcope, it ap-
pears very different in different
plants : Thus in the Bloody Gera-
nium it is a perforated globule ; in
the Marjkmallow like the wheel of

a watch ; in the Panjie it is trian-
gular ; in the Narcijfus kidney-
fhaped; and in Comfrey the globules
are double. PL 3. f. 5/ ( !•) ^
difcharging its duft ; t- 8. a par-
ticle of duft greatly magnified.

DUSTED (pulveratus) Lome
plants appear as it covered with a
kind of duft or powder, e. g. the
Enzl'tjk Mercury.

EAR - SHAPED (auriculatus)
fomewhat refembling a human ear.

ELLIPTICAL. The fame as
oval.

EGG-SHAPED (ovatus) figni-
fies a flaape refembling the lolid
fubftance of an egg as the feed-
bud of Jacob’s Ladder and the feeds
of Fennel; or it implies only the
form of an egg if divided long-
ways, as in the leaves of the Beech-
tree or Peppermint. PL 7. L 3*
EMBRACING (amplexicaulis)
the Stem ; when the bafe of a
leaf half furrounds the ftem, as in
Solomons Seal, Poppy, and Barrage.

PL 9. f, 4. r/-; , , . .

EMPALEMENT (calyx) is a
continuation of the outer bark of
a plant conftituting a part of the
flower. It is either a

Cup ; (perianthium)i

as in Primroje ; pL 3. _f. 10.

a Fe N c e ; ( i n volucr um ) '

as in Carrot ; pL 6. f. g.fc. c.J
a Catkin; (amen-
tum) as in Hafel ; pL 6. f. 12.

a Veil; (calyptra) a^,i

in ['everal Mojfes ; pL i. f. D. (a.)

a FIusk ; (gluma) af

in Oats; pL 2. f. 21. fa. a.) f. i'
(a. a.)

a Sheath; (fpathaj

as mNarcijjus; pi. 3. f. 9. ffi.

a RufFLEi,

4 '

Ixvi

DICTIONARY OF Englijh

a Ruffle ; (volva)

as in feveral Funguffes, PI. i. f.
H. (c.) See thofe terms.

ENTIRE (integer) Leaf or Pe-
tal, this term is oppofed to cloven,
gaflred, indented, fee. but it does
not fignify that it is not lerrated
or fcolloped. When a leaf is faid
to be very entire (integerrimus)
we underftand that it is not
even fcolloped or ferrated. The
leaves of a Nettle are entire, but
thofe of a Lilac are vaj entire. PI.
7. f. 31. 35. entire leaves, f. 39.40.
very entire leaves.

EQUAL (aequalis) fometimes
fignifies regular ; all alike ; as the
blolfoms of Angelica. The florets
forming the compound flowers in
the firfl order of the i8th clafs, are
faid to be equal ; that is, all are
alike in being equally furnilhed
both with chives and pointals.

ESSENTIAL CHARACTER
(charafter eifentialis) is a fingle
circumftance fervin g to diftinguilh a
fpecies or a genus from every other
fpecies or genus. Thus the genus
Croxofoot (Ranunculus) is diflin-
guifhed from other genera by the
honeycup at the bafe of each
petal; and the Cotee^ort is known
fromall theother genera inthe fame
natural order, by the four longer
threads being forked at the top.

EVEN (lasvis) Sukfac.e, level,
regular ; in oppofition to Icored,
furrowed, or other inequalities, oc-
cafioned by deficiency of fubftance.

EXCRESCENCE (apophyfis) a
fubflance growing from the leat of
the flower in fome of the Moffes.

EXPANDING (patens) ibnd-
ing in a dire6lion between upright
and horizontal ; as the petals of

the Strawberry, the branches of
mofl: plants, and the leaves of the
BrookUme Speedwell. Pi. 9. f. ^.(c.c.)

EYE (hilum) the external fear
upon a I'eed by which it was fixed
to the feed-velfel; it is very remark-
able in a Bean. PI. 6. f. 3. (e.)

FEATHER (pappus) the downy
or hairy fubflance affixed to the
feeds of foine plants, enabling the
wind to fcatter them abroad. The
feather of the Goats-beard is downy:
that of the Soiettinflle hairy. PI. 4.
f. 22. fl.J pi. 6. f. 2. (a. b.J

FENCE (involucrum) the em-
palement of a rundle : it is placed
at fome diflance from the flowers.
It is either General or Partial. The
Carrot furnifhes inflances of both.
The General Fence is placed under
the rundle ; the Partial under the
rundlets. PI. 6. f. 9. fc. c.)
(d.d.d.d.)

FENCE partial (involucellnrn)
the fence furrounding the bafe of
a rundlet. PI. 6. f. 9. (d. d. d. d.)

FERTILE Flowers (fertilesvel
feminei flores) thofe that produce
feed capable of vegetation ; as is
very generally the cafe in the
flowers which have both chives and
pointals. Flowers that have only
chives never can produce feeds ;
and flowers that have only pointals
mitfl be barren, if they are lb fitu-
ated as to be out of the dull from
the tips of the barren flowers : In
fome inflances they will indeed
produce feeds to all appearance
perfect, but thefe feeds will never
vegetate.

FIBROUS (fibrofus) Roots;
compofed of fmatl threads or fibres.
PI. lo. f. 7.

FIDDLE-

BOTANICAL TERMS

FIDDLE - SHAPED (panduri-
"ormis) the fhape of a leaf as in
one fpecies of Dock, fuppofed to
cefemble a violin.

FINGERED (digitatus) a fpecies
of compound Leaves, refem-
fcling the expanded fingers of a
man’s hand. e. g, thole of the
Wild black Hellebore, Lupine, and
Horfe Chefnut. PI. 7. f. 48.

they maybe in Pairs

l(binatus) with two terminating
deafits. PI. 7. f. 50.

in Threes

i(ternatus) with three terminating
deafits. PI. 7. f. 51.

IN Fives

(quinatus) with five terminating
deafits.

FIRM (corapaclus) applied to
"the texture of a leaf.

FLESHY Seed-vejfel (Pomum)

; covering a Capfule which con-
: tains the Seeds, as in the Pear or
Apple. PL 5. f. 20.

Leaf, orRoor, (carno-

i fus) as the leaves of Sedum dafy-
ipliyllum.

more folid than pul-

I py ; as the fruit of the Apple ; the
root of the L'urnep; and the leaf of
i the Round-leaved Stonecrop.

FLOATING (nataus) applied
’ to aquatic plants, whofe leaves or
■ flowers float upon the furface of
; the water : e. g. Waterlily.

FL9RAL-LEAVE3 (bracdeffi)
differ in fliape or colour from the
other leaves of the plant ; they
. are generally placed on the fruit-
1 ftalk, and often fo near the flower
; as in fome inftances to be eafily
: miftaken for the cup; but the
cup dries or withers when the

Ixvii

fruit is ripe, whereas the floral
leaves endure as long as the other
leaves of the plant. Examples
of floral leaves may be feen in
the Panfic, the Lime tree, the Helle-
bore, the Pajfwn-jlowcr, the Sage,
the xt'dd Marjoram ; and many
others. PI. 9. f. 8. (a. a.J

FLORET (flol'c.ulus) a little
flower, one of the fmall flowers
compoling a compound or incor-
porated flower. See the intro-
duction to the 19th clafs. They
are Tubular; that is, formed of a
tube cloven into five parts at the
border, as in 7‘anfey; or Narrow,,
when the bloffom is longhand ftrap-
fhaped,as in Dandelion. In the Da^ijie
and Sunjlouuer the florets in the cen-
tre are Tubular, and thofe in the
circumference Narrow, or Rad i-
ate. pi. 4.f. 21. f. 24. f. 26. In the
fecond order of the. fifth clafs the
florets compoling the rundles are
compofed of five petals. When the
petals are all of the fame fize and
fhape the florets are faid to be
equal ; as in Angelica and Celery^
but when the outer petals are larger’
than the others, the florets are laid
to be R A D I A T E ; as in Shej)hcrds
Needle and Carrot.

FLOWER (flos) a temporary
part ol a plant appropriated to the
production of leeds. It is com-
pofed of feven parts ; IheEMPALE-
M E N T ; t h e B L o s s 0 M ; t h eC H I V E s,;
the PoiNTALs; the Seed-vessel.;
theSEEDs; and the Receptacle.
To thefe perhaps we may add an
eighth, viz. the Honey-cui’.
It is not necelfary that all thefe
parts fliould be prefent to conlli-
tute a flower. Imperfect

flowers

Ixviii dictionary OF Engltjh

flowers are deficient in one or
more of the parts. The Hyacinth
and ‘fuHp have no cup. The
Mijletoe, Gale, Hop, Yew, Dof^'s
Mercury, Nettle ; and the flowers
ot the plants bearing catkins,
have no blolloms. The Ground
ivy, the xvhite and red 'Deadnettle,
and all the plants in the firR order
ot the fourteenth clafs have no
leed-veffels .

FORKED (furcatus) (dichoto-
mus) dividing into forks, as the
branches of moft of the' Spurges ;
the fruit-ftalks of the Common
Calamint, and the Pink; the Shaft
of the Currant. PI. lo. f. 4.

FOUR-CORNERED (tetrago-
nus) as the ftem of the Deadnettle.

■ FRINGED (ciliatus) as the
-dbloffom of the Buckbean and the
Garden Najlurtium ; or the leaves of
the Crofs-leaved Heath.

FRUIT (fru6tus) a part of a
flower, confifting of the Seed-ves-
sel,theSEED and theRECEPTACLE.

FRUIT-STALK (pedunculus)
a part of a (lem or branch, bearing
flowers but not leaves. PI. 9.
f. 5. fm.J f.8. (c.)'p\. 6'. f. 7. fa. a.
a. a. a. a.)

FUNNEL-SHAPED (infundi-
buliformis) a bloffom of one petal;
the lower part of which is tubular,
the upper part conical, as InHound’s
tongue, Buglofs, Coitflips. PI. 4. f, 7.

Cup ; as

in ‘'Ihrift.

FURROWED (fulcatus)
marked with deep lines running
lengthways.

GAPING (ringens) (perfonatus)
Blossoms; lb called from there-
leiiiblance to a gaping mouth.

I'oadjlax and Snapdragon are in-
ftances. PI. 4. f. 8. 9. 10.

GASHED (lobatus) divided
nearly halt way down, into lobes
that are don vex at the edges and
diflant from each other ; as the
leaves of Ladies Mantle and Water-
elder. PI. 7. f. 19.

GENERAL FExNCE (involu-
crum) a I'pecies, of empalernent
furrounding a general rundle, as
in a Carrot, Anxelica, or Lovaste.
It confifls of one, or more leaves'.
PI. 6. f. 9. fc. c.)

GENUS ) See the introduc-

GENERA ( tion.
GENERIC CHAR ACTER con-
lifts of an accurate defeription of the
different parts compofing a flower;
and all thofe plants whole flowers
agree with this defeription, are
fpecies of the fame genus. (See
the introduction.)

GILLS (lamellae) the thin
plates on the under fide of the
Hats of the Fungulfes, remarkable
in Muflirooms.

GLANDS (glandulae) .decre-
tory vell'els, differently fituated in
different plants. _ In the IVillow
they are placed at the margins of
the leaves ; in the Bird's Cherry
and Almond "Tree at the bafe of the
leaves; in Butt envor t znd the Sun-
dexv upon the leaves, and in the
Plumb on the inner fide of the cups.
PL 10. f. 6. fc. c.J pi. II. f. I,
fa. a.'a. a.)

GLASS -SHAPED (cyathifor-
mis) tubular, but dilated towards
the top like a drinking glafs ; as
the cup of Jacob’s -ladder ; tlie
fummits of the Field Southern-xoood,
the honey-cup of the Nettle.

GLOBULAR

BOTANICAL TERMS.

Ixix

GLOBULAR (globofus) like a
OLind ball ; as the cup of the
‘ardock ; the feed-velfel of the
ilax ; the feed of the Pea ; the
apfule of the Poppy. PI. 5.

5*

GLOSSY (nitidus) fmooth and
lining; as the feedbud of the
iioeet-briar ; the leaves of the
dolly, Ivy, and Box.

GNAWED (erofus) as when a
safiis indented, and appears as if
_ had been gnawed or bitten at
ne edges. Pi. 7. f. 21.
GRANULATIONS (acinis) the
-•nail berries which join together
nd compofe a large one, as in
ne Mulberry, Blackberry, or Rajp^
‘^rry.

HAIR-LIKE (capillaris) flender,
ndivided, and cylindrical ; as the
Threads in Plantain, Raygrafs, Reed,
md mofl of the Grades.

HAIRS (pili) arefuppofed to be
ecretory du£ls.

HALBERD-SHAPED{haftatus)
5S the floral-leaves of the Panfie ;
ftie leaves of Sheeps Sorrel and
Cuckoxvpint. PI. 7. f. 15.

HAND-SHAPED (palmatus) re-
sembling a human hand with the
ingers expanded ; as the leaves of
'Vhite Briony ; Pajfionjiower ; and
Ihe roots of Spotted Orchis. PI. 7.

It 22*

HAT (pileus) the upper broad
expanding part of Funguffes. In
Wlufhrooms the hat is often called
fheflap. PI. I. f. H. (c.)

HEADED (capitulus) Stalk ;
Vheti a ftalk fupports one compaft
iuob or head of flowers upon its
extremity, as in Thrift,

HEADS (capitatus) of Flowers;
when flowers grow together in
compaft knobs ; as in Peppermint,
Watermint, Common Thyme.

HEART (aorculum) that part of
a feed which is the future plant in
miniature. PI. 6. f. 3. (b.)

HEART-SHAPED (cordatus)
a term ufed to exprefs the form of
a petal, a leaf, &c. the leaves of
Waterlily, Deadnettle, Burdock, and
Violet, arebeart-fliaped. PI. 7. f. 10.

HELMET (galea) a term to ex-
prefs the upper part of a gaping
bloffom, which bears fome refem-
blance to a helmet. See the intro-
du6tion to the 20th clafs.

HEMISPHERICAL (hemifphe-
ricus) in the fhape of half a globe;
as the cup of the Tanfey.

HERBACEOUS (herbaceus)
Stem ; one that is fucculent and
tender, inoppofitionto one that is
woody : it perifhes annually down
to the root. The Pea and the
Nettle are inflances.The ftem of the
Gilliflower is fome what woody.

HONEYCUP (neftarium) a part
of a flower defigned to fecrete and
contain honey. In flowers that
have only one petal, the tube of
the bloffom contains the honey ;
or elfe it is contained in a fort of
hornfliaped appendage, as in the
Butterwort. In the Violet, the Lark-
fpnr, the Columbine, and the Fumi-
tory, it is a fort of fpur, or horn. In
the Ranunculus, the Lily, and the
Crown Impei'ial, it is a hollow cavity
in the fubftance of the petals. In
the Daffodil and Hellebore it is tu-
bular. In the Fraxinella and Cam-
panula it is fixed to the chives ; in
the Gilliflower, and the Turncp, it is
■ placed

Vol. III.

Ixx

DICTIONARY OF Eiigllfli

placed on the feed-bud in form of
a gland. Its ftru6lure is no where
more fingular or beautiful than in
the G}'afs of Parmjfus. PI. 5- f- i
(a.) f. 2. (a. a. a. a. a.) f. 3. (a. a)
f. 4. (a.)

HOODED (cucullatus) a term
applied to leaves that are rolled
up, as the grocers roll paper to put
fugar or fpices in, like a cone ; as
the leaves of fVa// Pcvnywort.

■ HORIZONTAL (horizontali.s)
a leaf or branch that grows from

O

the hem pointing to the horizon,
and parallel to the furface of the
earth; PI. 9. f.' (d. d.)

HORN - SHAPED (cornutus)
like the honeycup of the Larkjjmr.
PI. 5. f. 4. (a.)

HUNCHED (gibbus) fwelled
out, as the under part of the Ihof-
fom of the Foxglove, the BldJJhm of
the Honey [uckle ; the cup of the
‘Turnep and the Wallfloiver. PI. 4.
f. 12. (b.)

HUSK (gluma) theempalements
and the bloffoms of gralfes are
called the huhis ,• they are thin,
dry, and femi-tranfparent, like
chaff ; a hufk confihs of one or
more leaves, called Vah’ss, and,
when contiguous to the other parts
of the flower, inclofing the chives
and pointals, anfwers the purpofe
of a Blojfom : but, when, placed
on the outer fide, and inclofing the
inner valves, as well as the chives
and pointals, it is called the em-
palement. This kind of empale-
inent frequently contains ieveral
florets. See the plate of Crciffcs.

JAGGED (laciniatus) Lzavcs ;
thofe that are varioufly divided
into lobes, and thefe lobes again

divided in an irregular manner
The Panfteis an inflance. PI. 7.^24
IMPERFECT (incompleti]
Flowers ; thofe that want eithei
the cup or the blolfom. The Tulif
wants a cup t and the Nettle i:
without a bloffom.

INCORPORATED(aggregatus;
when a number of little flowers o3
florets, are fo difpofed as to forrrl
one compound flower ; all of thprr;
either inclofed within onecommorj
empalement, or fituated upon one
common receptacle ; I'o that none
of them can be taken away with-
out deftroying the uniformity o
the whole. Thus the flowers c
7 h rijt , Parjley , ^Fea fel, Scabious ,Daifie
are incorporated ; feveral fmal
flowers, or florets, combining tc
form one large flower,

INDENTED (linuatus) Leaf
the edges of an indented leaf are
hollowed, or deeply fcolloped
the lobes Handing afunder as i
part of the leaf had been cut out
The leaf of theFurnef is a familia;
example. See alfo pi. 7. f. 25.

INDIVIDUAL (proprius]
Blossom the blolf. belongingto;
Angle floret in a compound flower
Thus in a Carrot, each floret i;
compofed of five petals, which con-
flitute the blolfom of that indivi
dual floret. The individual blof
foms in Fanfcy are all tubular ; ir
Dandelion they arc all long anc
flrap-flaaped. In the Sunflozm' the)
are tubular in the centre and ftrap-
Ihapecl in the circumference. PI. 4
f • 2 1 F {5

INFLEXIBLE (rigidus) fliff
not eaiily bending; oppofed t(
Limder.

INl'ERRUPTEI

BOTANICAL TERMS. Ixxi

INTERRUPTED (interrnptus)
broken in its regular form ; asthe
fpike of I'Voud Bet07iy ; the leaves of
fome fpecies of the Ladies finger.
A fpike may be interrupted by
the intervention of leaves, or
fmaller fets of flowers : a winged
leaf maybe interrupted by the in-
tervention of fmaller pairs of lit-
tle leaves. PI. 8. f. 55.

I N V ER S E L Y - HE A R T-
SHAPED (obcordatus) with the
point of the heart next to the
llem ; as the feed-veffel of the
Shepherds Purfe ; the petals of
Geranium or Marjhmallow ; and the
leaves of fome of the Prejoils. PI. 8.
f. 69.

JOINTED (articulatus) Stem ;
a wheat-flraw is an inflance fami-
liar to everyone. FI. 10. f. 3.

Leaves ; as in the

Indian Fin;. PI. 9. f. 3. fa.)

IRREGULAR (irregularis) a
term term applied to compound
flowers wherein the florets are not
uniform ; as in the Carrot and
Coriander.

Blossom. See

Regular.

KEEL (carina) a name given to
the lowermofi; petal in a butterfly-
fhaped bloflbra, from its fuppofed
refemblance to the keel of a fhip :
fee the introdu6Iion to the 17th
clafs. See alfo PI. 4. f. 17. and
f. 13. A/.;

KEEILED (carinatus) bent like
the keel of a (hip or boat : as the
fhaft of the Pea; the empalement
of Canary Grafs. J’l. 2.f. 10. (a. a.)

KIDNEY-SHAPED (reniformis)
as the feed of the French Bean, the
tips of the Mallow ; the leaves of

Ground Ivy ; Golden Saxifrage, and
Meadovubout . PI. 7. f. 9.

KNEE-JOINTED (geniculatus)
when a ftraw or ftem is a little
bent at the joints. PI. 2. f. 21,
the Awns.

KNOB (capitulum) See Head.

LAC T E S C E N T (laaefcens)
abounding with a milky juice.

LAMINATED (equitans)
Avhen the flat furfaces of leaves lye
clofe one upon another.

LATER AL(lateralis)BRANCHES,
growing from the (ides of the ftem;
oppofed to terminating.

Flowers; thofethat

grow from the fides of the ftems
orftalks; thu.Tthefpikes of flowers
in the Common Speedzvell grow on
lateral fruitftalks ; or on fruit-
ftalks proceeding from the fides of
the ftem.

LEAF (folium) the green leaves
are the lungs of plants, and the
organs of motion.

LEAF-STALK (petiolus) the
footftalk of a leaf. It fupports the
leaves but not the flowers. In
the Great Periwinkle the leaf-ftalks
are very long. PI. 9. f. 4. (a.b. c.J

LEAFY (foliaceus) furniflied
with leaves.

Cup ,• (auaus) when

the ba(e of a cup is furrounded by
a feries of leaves, different from
thofe which form the cup.

Seed ; a feed that is

furrounded by a thin leafy edge,
as in Couu’s Madnep.

LEATHER - LIKE (coriaceus)
tough and pliable like leather ;
e. g. the cup of the Corn Cockier
and moft of the plants in the
third divifion of the 24th clafs.
f 2 LEVEL

Ixxii DICTIONARY OF Englijh

LEVEL (faftigiatus) when
feveral branches or fruitftalks grow ,
to equal heights, fo as to form a
flat I'urface at the top; as in the
flowers of the Sweet William.

LID (operculum) a cover to
the tips of feveral of the Molfes;
as in the Dogmofst PI. i. f. D. (b.)

LIMB (lamina) the upper part
of a petal, in bloflbms compofed
of more than one regular petal.
Thus in the Wall-jlower, the
upper flat broad part of the petals
is called the limb; the lower
flender part included within the
cup is called the claw* PI. 4. f. 1 1 .
fb. b. b. b.) f. 1 2i ( a. a. a. a.)
LIMBER(flaccidus)FKUiTSTALK,
bending with the weight of its
own flowers.

LINE (linca) the breadth of
the white part at the root of the
finger nail ; about the tenth of
an inch.

LIP (labium) the upper or un-
der divifion of a gaping blofiom.
The Deadnettle and the greater
part of the plants in the 14th dais
furnifla examples. See the intro-
du6lion to that clafs. See alfo
pi. 4. f. 8. f. 9. and f. 10.

LITTLE FRUIT-STALK (pe-
dicellus) the little foot-ftalk that
fupportsan individual flower, when
there are feveral flowers upon one
common fruit-fialk. PI. 6. f. y.
(a. a. a. a. a. a.)

LOBES (lobum) the diviflons
of a gaPied leaf; fee Gashed. The
lohes are rounded at the edges,
and fland diftant from each other,
lire leaves of the Hop, Anemone,
Hcpa'.ka, and Sycamore furnifla ex-
amples. PI. 7. f. 17. f. 19.

\

LONG (longus) a cup is faiJ
to be long, when it is equal in
length to the tube of the bloifom*

LOPPED (truncatus) appear- ;
ing as if cut off With a pair of
i'ciiFors: the leaves of the Great 1
Bindweed are lopped at the bafe,
the petals of the Periwinkle arc j
lopped at the end. PL 8. f. 63. 1

LYRE -SHAPED (lyratus) as j
the leaves of Herb-Bennet. PI. 8. 1
f. 62.

MATTED (caefpitofu&) thickly
interwoven together, as the fibres
in turf-bogs.

MEMBRANACEOUS (mem-
branaceus)thin,fkinny, and tough.

Stem;

when the edges of the flem are
bordered with a thin leafy fub-
flance, as in Water Figie/ort and
Broad Leaved Peafe EverlajUng.

MOUTH (faux) the upp^r
part of the tube, in bloflbms con-
fifling of a Angle petal ; zs Barrage,
Houndstongue, Deadnettle. PI. 4. f. 9.
(d. d.)

NARROW (ligulatus) the
florets in fome fpecies of com-
pound flowers are tubular at the
bottom, but flat and narrow like a
flrap or fillet at the top. In Dan-
delion the florets are all narrow :
in the common Daijie the florets
in the circumference only, are
narrow. PI. 4. f. 10. f. 21. f. 24.

NAKED (nudus) or bare ; de-
fiitute of leaves ; as the ftalk of
the Pulip or Co’iHiflip.

Mouth; when the mouth

of the lube of a blofiom is not
clofed by valves or hairs. The
mouth of the bloflbm of Barrage
is clofed by five valves, or teeth:

but

Ixxiii

BOTANICAL TERMS.

out that of GivmwcU is open and
caked.

Receptacle;

"leithev chafty nor hairy ; as that
of the Daijie.

Leaves. Leaves

deffitute of hairs.

NODDING (nutans) Flower ;
when the fruit-ftalk is bent near
iheend, as in the Chequered Daffo-
dil, Nardjfus and Jonquil. P1.3.f.9-
NOTCHED(eraarginatus) at
theEInd; as the petals of the Small
Campion 2nd Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bdl ;
the little leaves of Vetch ; the leaves
of the common Maple. PI. 7. f. 16.
36.

NOTCHED (runcinatus)
Leaves. The edges cut Ibmething
dike the teeth of a large timber faw.

> Dandelion, Broad-leaved Watercrefs,

I Long-rooted Hawk's-eye, and Smooth
'.‘Succory Hawk-weed, are examples.

NUT ( nux ) a feed covered
! by a hard woody fhell ; e. g. the
. Hafel Nut. This woody fhell is
i fometimes covered by a foft pulpy
' or flelhy fubflance as in a Peach or
. Apricot, and then it is called a
■ ftone. PI. 5. f. 21. (b. b.J
OBLONG(oblongus)longer than
broad, and rounded at the ends ;
as the leaves of the Daijie; the tips
of the Honeyfuckle. PI. 7. f. 5* _
OPEN (pdtulus) (landing wide.
OPPOSITE (oppofitus) growing
on the oppofite hides of thellem.but
at the fame height from the ground,
as the leaves of the Nettle. In pl. 9.
f. 5. all the leaves are oppofite.

OVAL (ovalis) as the leaves of
of box. PI. 7. f. 4.

PAIRS (binatus; geminus)leaves,
or fruit-flalks, fometimes grow in
pairs. PI. 7. f. 50.

PALATE (palatum) the inner
part of the mouth of gaping blof-
foms. PI. 4. f. 10. (c.J

PANICLE (panicula) an affem-
bbge of flowers growing without
any very regular order, upon fruit-
flalks that are varioufly fubdivided;
e. g. Oats.?\.6.L6. Itisfaidtobe

Spreading; when

the partial fruit-flalks diverge and
(land wide afunder as in the Common
and Reed Meadows;rafs.

Compact; when

they (land near together, as in the
Sheep’s Fefcue, and Purple Hairgrajs.
PANlCLED(paniculatus)BuNCH
an affemblage of flowers partaking
the properties of a panicle and a
bunch. See thofe terms. Golden
Rod may ferve as an example.

Spike; an affem-

blage of flowers partaking the
properties of a panicle and a fpike ;
as the Wall Fefcue and the Manured
Canary Grafs, in which the collec-
tions of florets refemble a fpike in
their general appearance, but the
florets are furnifhed with fruit-
flalks, fhorter than themfelves.

PARASITICAL (parafiticus)
Vegetables; not taking root in
the earth, but growing upon other
vegetables. Thus Mijletoe is found
to grow upon the Apple Tree, the
Pear, the Lime, the Elm, the
Poplar, the Hawthorn and the
Buckthorn, but never upon the
ground.

PARTIAL (partialis) belong-
ing to a part, not to the whole.

Fence. PI. 6. f. 9.

(d. d. d. d.)

PARTITION (diffepimentum)
the fubflance dividing feed-vef-
f3 felS"

Ixxiv

DICTIONARY OF Englijh

fels into different cells. Thus the
Seed-veflfel of Jacob’s Ladder is di-
vided into three cells ; and if you
cut a Lemon acrofs, you will
plainly fee the partitions that di-
vide it into nine cells. See alfo
pi. 5. f. 12. (b. b.) f. 14. fb.h.b. b.)

PENCIL -SHAPED (pencilli-
formis) like a camel-hair pencil ;
as the fummits of Millet, or the
appendages to the bloffoms of the
Meadow Milkwort . PL a.L ii.(c.c.)

PENDANT(pendulus) hanging
down ; as the bunches of the Red
Currant ; the cones of the Scotch
Fir ; the flowers of the Columbine.

PERENNIAL (perennis) con-
tinuing for feveral years.

PERFECT (completus) FLo't\^ER,
having both a. cup and a blolfom.

PERFORATED (perfoliatus)
Leaves; when the ftemfeemsto go
through the leaves ; as in the
Round-leaved Lliorougbwax. PI. 9.
f. 4-

PERM ANENT(perfiftens) Cup,
remaining till the fruit is ripe;
as in Borrage ; Currant ; Pink ; and
Deadnettle.

PETALS (petalum) the leaves
which conffitute the blolfom are
called Petals, to dillinguifli them
from the other leaves of the plant.
See Pi. 3. f. 2. (a. a. a. a. a. a.)
PL 4. f. 12. (a. a. a. a.)

PILLAR (If ipes) the cylindrical
fubflance that fupports the hat of
a Fungus, e. g. the Common Miijh-
room ; alfo the little fliaft upon
which the feather of feeds is
placed, as in Dandelion. PL i.f.li.
(b.) PL 4. f. 22. (i.) PL 6.f. 2.(d.)

PIMPLED (papillofus) befet
with dots or pimples.

PITH (inanis) a foft fpongy
fubffance filling up the cavity in
the flems of fome plants ; as in the
Rujh and the Elder.

PLAITED (plicatus) folded in
plaits ; as the blolfom of Convol-
vulus ; the cup of ^Thrift, and the
leaves of Ladies -mantle. PL y. f. 37.

POD (liliqua) a feed-velfel of
two valves, within which the feeds
are fixed alternately to each feam.
When long, it is called a pod, as
in GilUJlower; when broad and
fliort, it is called a pouch, as in
Honejly and Shepherd’s Purfe. PL 5.
f. 10. f. 1 1, f. 12. f. 13.

POINTAL (piftillum) a part of
a flower, compofed of the Seed-
bud, the Shaft, and the Sum-
mit. Look into the blolfom of a
Plumb, or Cherry, and in the centre
you will fee thepointal furrounded
by chives. In the blolfom of the
Apple, or Pear, you will perceive
five pointals in the centre. In the
Deadnettle you will find the pointal
covered by the upper lip, and
forked at the top. In the centre
of the blolfom of the White Lily,
the pointal Hands furrounded by
fix chives. In this flower the Seed-
bud, which is the lower part of
the pointal, is long, cylindrical,
and marked with fix furrows ; next
above this partis the Shaft, which
is long and cylindrical ; and, at the
top of the pointal is the Summit,
which is thick and triangular. See
pi. 3. f. 2. fd. e. /.) f. (i, k. l.J
f. 5, (c. d. e.)

POINTING, FROM TWO

OPPOSITE Lines. See two-rowed.

O N E W A Y ( feCLindus)

as the flowers of the Foxglove, the

Cock’s-foot,

botanical terms. Ixxv

cck’s-foot, and the Sheeps’ Fefcue
V&fs^ Pi* 2. f. 13*

PORES (pori) little holes. At
ne inner 13de oF the bale of the
petals, in all the fpecies of Ranun-
tlus or Crowfoot, are little pores
lied M’ith honey. See alfo pi. 3.

POUCH (filicula) pi. 5. f. 10.
.11. See Pod.

: PRlCKL£S(3culei) (harp-pointed
.weapons of defence, formed from
Ihe bark, and not from the woody
-art of a plant. The prickles of the
:^ofe are a familiar example. Pi. jo.
'.2.

PRISM-SHAP^ (prirmatjcus)
Siffering from cylindrical in the
circumference being angular, as
uhe cup of the Pulmonaria.
PROLIFEROUS (proliferi Sores)
Blossoms; rvhen one grows out
»f another, as is not uncommon
Bn the Polyanthus.

Shoots; when one

ifhoot fprings out of another, as
iin the Proliferous Feathcr-rwfs.

PROMINENT (prominens) the
■partition oi a feed-veffei is faid to
be prominent when it projects be-
yond the valves, as in Cabba^^ef and
many other plants of the fifteenth
clafs.

PROPS (ftipulae) fmall leaves or
fcales fituated on each fide the bale
of a ieaf-ftalk or fruit-ftalk, for the
purpofe of fupporting them at their
firft appearance. They are fufli-
ciently evident in the Garden Pea.
PI. 10. f. 6. (b. b.)

PROTUBERANCES (torofus)
in leed-velfels ; occafioned by the
fwelUngof theinciofed feeds.They
are lufficienlly evident in the pods

of Mujlardy and in fome forts of
Beans.

PULPY (pulpofus) foft and te-
hacious. A Cherry is pulpy, but
an Apple is flefliy.

PULPY (drupa) See.d-vessel;
confills of a nut or fione encom-
pafl'ed by a pulpy fubftance, exem-
plified in the Plumb, the Cherry,
and the Peach. PI. 5. f. 21.

PURSE-SHAPED (ferotiformis)
like a purfe that draws together
with firings at the top ; as the
feed-vefl'ei of the Purple Marjhlocks,
or the honey-cup of the Satyrion.

RADIATE (radiatus) a fpecies
of compound flowers in which the
florets of the centre differ in form
from thofe in the circumference.
Thus the Datfie and Sunflower are
radiate flowers ; the florets in the
centre are ail tubular, but thofe in
the circumference are narrow or
firap-fhaped. PI. 4. f. 24*

Sum m its; placed in

a circle; as in the Poppy. PE 5-

• RECEPTACLE (receptaculum)
one of the parts necelfary to com-
pofe a flower. It is the bafe, or
feat, upon which the other parts
of a flower are placed. FI. 4. f. 1 1.
(c.J f. 23. (a.)-

REFLEC'IED (refle^us) bent
back, as the fegments of the cup
of the Currant; the petals of the
Flower de Luce ; the blofloms of
the Hyacinth and While Lily. PE 4.
f. 5.

REGULAR (regularis) Blos-
som ; one that is regular in the
figure, flze, and proportion of its
parts ; as the JeJfamhie and Syringo.

REMOTE

I

Ixxvi

DICTIONARY OF Englljh

REMOTE (remotus) Whorls;
when there is a confiderable length
of ftem between each whorl. PL 6.
f. II. (a. a. a.)

RIGID (ftriftus) inflexible ;
oppofed to limber and flexible.

ROLLED BACK ( revolutus )
with refpeft to the leaf in general,
rolled downwards, as the ends of
the leaves of Sweet Williams ; pi. 9.
f. 5. with refpeft to the edges,
rolled inwards towards the rib of
the leaf, as in the leaves of Rofe~
mary, and the young leaves of the
Ojier ; and in the fummits, as the
Pink. PI. I. f. 19. (c. c.)

ROOT (radix) may be Fibrous,
Bulbous, 'Tuberous, Bundled, Beaded,
Spindle-jhaped, or creeping. See thole
terms. See alfo pi. ii.

ROOT-LEAVES (radicalia) the
leaves that proceed immediately
from the root, without the inter-
vention of a ftem. They often dif-
fer in fhape and fize from the other
leaves. TheField Bellflower iuvnitties
an example. PL 9. L 7.

RUFFLE (volva) the membra-
naceous empalement of funguffes,
furrounding the Pillar. PL i. fig.
U.fa.)

RUNDLE (umbella) a compo-
fition of flowers in which a num-
ber of flender fruit-ftalks proceed
from the fame centre, and rife
nearly to the fame height, fo as
to form a regular furface at the
top. Flemlock, Carrot, and Core/-
parfnep, are examples. Rundles
of flowers are frequently called
Umbels ; and the plants produc-
ing tljcm are faid to be umbelliferous
plants. PL 6. f. 9.

RUNDLET (umbellula) a little

rundle. The fruit-ftalks which
compofe a rundle are often divided
at the top into feveral fmall fruit-
ftalks, and thefe fmalier fets of
fruit-ftalks are c^\ledRundlets. Flem-
lock, Carrot, znd Angelica, furnilh
inftances. The fruit-ftalks of a
rundle, and of a rundlet, are called
Spokes. PL 6. f. 9. (b. h. b. b.)

RUNNING (decurrens) along the
Stem ; means that a leaf has no
leaf-ftalk, and that its bafe is at-
tached to the ftem fora confidera-
ble length. The Great White Mul-
lein, and the Mujk Thijlle, are exam-
ples. PL 9. f. 4. fe.)

SALVER-SHAPED (hypocra-
teriformis) the fhape of a blolfom
of one petal, the lower part of
which is tubular, the upper part
flat and expanded ; as the blolfom
of the Periwinkle, and the Mouje-ear
Scorpion Grafs. PL 4. f. i.

SAUCER (fcutellum) a fort of
flow^er of the Cupthong, that is, cir-
cular and concave, like a china
faucer. PL i. f. F.

SCALY (fquamofus) like the
fliin of a fifh ; as the cups of Bur-
dock. PL 4. f. 25. (a.)

SCATTERED (fparfus)difpofed
without any regular order.

SCOLLOPED (crenatus)infpecl
the edges of the leaves of Bird’s-
eye and Gdl, and you will have a
true idea of this term. PL 7. f. 35.
34- 33-

SCORED (ftriatus) marked with
fuperficial lines, as the cup of a
Pink, or the ftems of Butcher sbr 00m.

SCURFY (fquarrofus) applied
to a cup, in compound flowers,
the fcales of which ar^ bent out-
wards at the ends.

SEAM

BOTANICAL TERMS.

SEAM (futura) the line formed
by the union of the valves of a
feed-veffel. Thus the pod of a Pea
is a feed-veffel of two valves, and
the two feams where the valves
join are fufficiently cpnfpicuous.
As alfo in pi. 5, f. 6.

SEED (femen) a deciduous part
of a vegetable, containing the ru-

■ diments of a new plant. It con-
fiftsof the Heart, the Seed-lobes,
the Eye, and the Seed-coat. See
thofe terms. Sometimes it is crown-

' ed with the cup of the flower, and
fometimes it is winged with a fea-
: ther, or with a thin expanded

■ membrane, which enables the wind
to waft it abroad. See pi. 4. f. 22.
and pi. 6. f. 3.

SEED-BUD (germen) the lower
part of a pointal. It is the rudi-
ment of the embryo fruit. See
Pointal. PI. 3. f. 2. (d.J f. 5.
(c.J f. 7. fi.)

SEED-COxAT (arillus) the pro-

■ per coat of a feed which falls off
' fpontaneoufly. It is remarkable

! in Spindle-tree, Hound’s tongue, the
' Cucumber, the Fraxinella, and the
Mallow. Some feeds have only a
dry covering or fkin, as the Bean.
PI. 6. f. I. (c. c.J

SEED-COVER (calyculus) the
real cover of the feed.

SEED-LOBES (cotyledones)
The perifhable parts of a feed,de-
figned to afford nourifhment to
jtheyoungplantwhenit firft begins
"to expand. A bean, after being
:foaked in water, or moift earth,
Jeafily parts with its external (kin,
:and divides into two parts, called
Ithe Seed-lobes. PI. 6. f. 3.
Ua.a.J

Ixxvii

SEED-VESSEL (pericarpium)
a veffel to contain the feed. It is
of feveral kinds ; as a Capsule ; a
Pod; a Shell; an Air-bag:
Pulpy, including a nut or Hone;
an Apple ; a Berry ; and a Cone.
See thofe terms. See alfo pi. 5.
from f. 5 to f. 21.

SEGMENT (lacinium) thefmall
parts of a leaf, a cup, or a petal,
included between the incifions.

SEMI-CYLINDRICAL (femi-
teres) if the trunk of a tree was
fawed lengthways thro’ the middle,
each part would be femi-cylindri-
cal. The ftalk of Ramfons is in this
fliape.

SEMINAL-LEAVES ; thofe
which arife immediately from a
feed,

SEPARATE (monoecia) chives
and pointals are faid to be feparate
when they are found upon the
fame plant, but within different
empalements. Thus in the Box,
the Birch, the Cucumber, and the
Melon, fome of the empalements
contain chives, and others contain
pointals ; but none of them con-
tain both together. Pi. i. f. 21.

SERPENTINE (repandus) the
edge of fome leaves is formed like
a ferpentine line; without any
angles or corners. PI. 7. f. 29.

SERRATED (ferratus) like the
teeth of a common faw ; as are the
edges of the leaves of the Apple,
the Pear, the Spearmint, the Dead-
nettle, t\\Q Sneezeivurt or Goofetongue,
kc. Some leaves are Doubly ser-
rated ; that is, the teeth are again
cut into other little teeth. The
Common Elm is an example. PI. 7,
f. 31. 32.

SHAFT

Ixxviii

DICTIONARY OF Englifk

SHAFT (ftylus) a part of a
pointal, ftanding upon the feed-
bud, and fupporting the furamit.
See Pointal. PI. f. 2. A. J f.

SHARP (acutus) as the leaves
of the yejfamine, or the fegmenls
of the cup of the Prmrofe. PI. 3.
f. 10. Pi. 7. f. 40.

SHARP-POINTED (raucrona-
tus) ending in a hard (harp point.

SHEATH (fpatha) a fpecies of
empalement, exemplified in the
Crocus, the Iris, and the Daffodil.

SHEATHED FRUIT-STALK
(fpadix) one that is fumiflred with
a (heath. PI. 3.f. 9.

SHEATHING (vagtnans)
Lkaves ; when the bale of 3 leaf
enfolds the Item ; as in moft of
the Grades. Pi. 9. f. 4. {i»J

SHEDDING (caducus) conti-
tt-uing but a Ihort time. Applied
to a cup, it fignifies that it falls
off before the bloffom, as in Poppy.

SHELL (legumen) a feed-velfel
of two valves, wherein the feeds
are fixed to one Team only ; as in
the Pea, and moft of the plants in
the fourth order of the feventeenth
clafs. PI. 5. f. 16.

SHORT (abhreviatus) a cup is
faid to be Ihort, when it is Ihorter
than the tube of the bloffom, as
in- pi. 4. f. 7- (c-)

SHRIVELLING (marcefcens)
fading and withered, but not fall-
ing off. e. g. The blolloms of
F^antain and Stitchrerort

SHRUBBY (fruticofus) fome-
what woody, as the ftems of the
Rofe.

SIMPLE (fimplex) undivided.

Stem ; one that is

undivided ; only fending out I'mali
branches.

Leaf ; when there

is only one upon a ieaf-fialk.

Cup; one that con-

fifts of a {in»le feries of I'eonients:

O O

e. g, Goats-beara.

Stalk ; undivided,

as tlie ftalks of 'Tulips and Thrift.

SINGLE (unicus) one flower
only upon a'ftalk, as the Tulip.

SITTING (feffilis) Leaves;
have no Leaf-ftalk, as .5'ptar?ni«/ and
Hound’ s-tongue.

Flowers ; are thofe

that have no Fruit-stalk, as the
flowers of Mezereon.

SKINNY (fcariofus) tough,
thin, and femi-tian (parent ; as the
cup of '■7 hrp't.

SLANTING (obliqnus) ftraight,
but between horizontal and per-
pendicular.

SNIPT (incifus) finely cut at
the edges.

SMOOTH (glaber) furfaceeven,
without any inequalities ; oppofed
to rough, prickly, or other inequa-
lities occalioned by prominencies
on the furface.

SOLITARY (folitarius) only
one in a place ; as but one flower
on a fruit-ftalk, and only one fruit-
ftalk proceeding from the fame part
of a plant.

SPATULA-SHAPED (fpathu-
latus) the form of a leaf. Pi. 8,

f. 64.

SPEAR-SHAPED (lanceolatus)
as the leaf of Ribizxirt Plantain, and
Spearmint. Pi. 7. f. 6.

SPECIFIC CH ARACTER.One
or more circumftances of a plant

fufficient

BOTANICAL TERMS.

Ixxlx

afficient to diftinguifli it from
ivcry other plant of the fame ge-
ns. The I'pecilic charafters are
generally taken fiom the leaves or
em ; I'ometimes from the flow-
as, but feldom from the roots.

SPIKE (fpica) a compofition of
■owers placed alternately on each
■de of a common fimple fruit-flalk ,
md not Handing upon little fruit-
alks. Great Mullein, Acrimony,
and many of the Grajes have their
•owers colle6led into fpikes. PI.
f. 5.

SPIKE-STALK (rachis) a long
^ugh receptacle upon which the
lowers compofing a fpike are
daced. Take a fpike (or as it is
cequently called, an ear) of
'■Vheat ; pull off all the feeds and
ihaff : what remains is a Spike-
talk. PI. 2. f. 24. fc. c.)
SPINDLE-SHAPED (fufiformis)
gradually tapering Root. e. g.
i^arrot. PI. 11. f. 6.

SPIRAL (fpiralis) twiftedlikea
,:ork-fcrew. PI. 10. f. 6. fa. a.)

SPOKES (radii) the fruit-ftalks
i)f flowers collected into Rundles
nr Rundlets : fee thofe terms.
They fpring from one point and
diverge like the fpokes of a cart
»heel. PI. 6. f. g. fe. e. e. e.)
SPREADING (dilfufus) not

iifing high, but fpreadin^ wide
upon the ground ; as the Hems of
Fumitory and Panjle.

SPUR (calcar) fliaped like the
ipur of a cock, as the honey cups
fcf the Larkfpur.

STALK (fcapus) that fpecies of
trunk which elevates and fuppoits
Ihe flowers, but not the leaves of
plant. It differs from the Fruit-

stalk, for that fprings from the
Item, or branches; but this rifes
immediately from the root : as in
Narciffus ; Lily of the Valley, and
Hyacinth. PL 6. f. 4.

STANDARD (vexillum) the
upright petal of a butterfly-fliaped
blolfom ; as in the Pea. See the
introduftion to the 17th clafs.
See alfo pi. 4. f. 12. (b. f. 14. b)
f. 15.

STARRY (ftellatus) plants
whofe leaves grow in whorls round
the flem ; as the Goofegrafs, Cheeje-
rennet, and feveral other plants in
the fourth clafs. PI. g. f. 3. (b. h.)

STEM (caulis) the proper trunk
of a plant fupporting the leaves,
branches and flowers. It rifes im-
mediately from the root.

STEM-LEAVES (caulina) fuch
as grow immediately upon the flem
without the intervention of
branches.

STEM-LESS (acaulis) without
a flem.

STINGS (ftimuli) fliarp
pointed fubflances conveying
poifon into the part they pene-
trate. Few people are ignorant of
the fling of a Nettle.

STONE. See Nut.

STRADDLING (divaricatus)
branches Handing wide from each
other.

STRAP - SHAPED (linearis)
long and narrow like a Hrap or a
fillet; as the leaves of 'Thrift i
Crocus and Rofemary. PI. 7. f. 7.

STRAW (culmus) a kina of
trunk proper to Graffes. PI. io.f.3.

STRINGS (nervi) woody
fibres, running undivided from
the bafe to the extremity of leaves,

as

Ixxx DICTIONARY OF

as in the broad and narrow-leaved
Plantain. PL 7. f. 46.

SUCKERS (ftolone.s){hoots that
rife from the root, fpread along
the ground, and then take root
themfelves ; as in the Sweet Violet.

SUMMIT (ftigma) the upper
part of a pointal. See Pointal,
pi. 3. f. 2. ff.) f. 5. fe.) f. 7. fl.)

SUPERIOR (fuperus) Cup or
Blossom : when the cup or blof-
fbm is fituated above the feedbud,
tt is faid to be fuperior; as in the
Honeyfuckle ; Currant and Campa-
nula.

SWORD-SHAPED(enriformis)
as the leaves ol the Ins or Flower
de Luce.

TAPER (acuminatus) tapering
to a point. PL 7. f. 4^*

(attenuatus) a fruitftalk,

tapering upwards.

TARGET. A kind of flower
in the genus Cupthong, that is cir-
cular and convex. See Saucer.

TENDRIL (cirrhus) a fpiral
fhoot or firing, by means of which
fome plants fupport themfelves
againfl the adjacent bodies. It is
well known in the Vine and Pea.
PL 10. f. 6. PL 8. f. 58.

TERMINATING (terminalis)
(oppofed to lateral) {landing at
the ends of the flem or branches ;
as the fruit-flalks of Barrage, the
bloflToms of GroundfeL

THORN (fpina) a (harp point-
ed projeftion growing from the
woody fubftance of a plant ; as in
Gorze and Blackthorn. PL 10. f. i.

THREAD (filamentum) a part
of a chive (upporting the tip. See
Chive. PL 3. f. ^(h.) f. 6, fg.J
Pi. I. f. 19. fa. a.)

TH R E AD-S H APED (fil i formk)
of the fame thickenefs from top to
bottom, like a piece of packthread.
Take for example the leaves of
Fennel, or the fhaft of the Crocus,
or Honeyfuckle.

THREE-EDGED (trigonus) a
flem having three corners or angles
and the fides not flat.

THREE-FIBRED (trinervatus)
having three veins or veffels run-
ning from the bafe to the end of a
leaf, without branching off.

THREE-SQUARE "(triqueter)
having three corners or angles
with flat fides ; as the flem of the
Panjie.

THRONGING (confluentia)
affembled in clofe parcels, with
intervening naked places.

TILED (imbricatus) one leaf or
fcale partly covering another like
the tiles on a houle. e. g. The
cup of Dandelion or of Burdock.
PL 4. f. 25. (a.)

TIP (anthera) a part of a chive 1
fixed upon the thread, and con-
taining the duft. In Dogs Mercury
it hath one cell ; in Hellebore two ;
in Orchis three ; in Fritillary four;
feeCHivE. PL3.f.2.{'c. c. c. c.c, c.)

I) • (b. b. b. b. b. b.) f. 6. (h.)

TOOTHED (dentatus) when
the edges of a leaf are fet with
little teeth, not pointing towards
the end as in the ferrated leaves,
nor towards the bafe as in the in-
verfely ferrated leaves. Common
Eyebright ; Primrofe ; Couiflips ; and
Mountain Willowherb, have toothed
leaves. PL 7. f. 30.

TRAILING (procumbens)
Stems ; lying along upon the
ground, and not fending out roots.

e. g. Com-

botanical TERMS. Ixxxi

g. Common Speedwell, Red Pimper-
nel, [mail Sea Bindweed.

TREBLY COMPOUND. See
Triply Compound.

TRIANGULAR (triangularis)
exprefling the form of a leaf that
,iath three fides and three angles,
or corners. PI. 7. f. 12.

TRIANGULARLY SPEAR-

SHAPED (deltoideus) leaves in
;his form are broad at the bafe and
mearly triangular, but fpear-fliaped
at the point, e. g. Black Poplar. PI.

7-f'-45-

TRIPLY COMPOUND Leaves
((folia lupra decompofita) are of
ihree kinds, viz-

1. Double twinfork (terge-
minus) leaf-ftalk, with two
leafits at the end of each, and
two more at the divifion of
the fork. Pi. 8. f. 57.

2. Triply threefold (triter-
natus, triplicato- ternatus.)
Pi. 8. f. 59. the divifions of a
triple leaf-ftalk again fub-di-
vided into threes, and thre-e
leafits at the end of each fub-
divifion.

3. Triply winged (tripinna-
tus ; triplicato - pinnatus )

- when the lateral ribs of a
doubly winged leaf, have
themfelves other leaf-ftalks
with winged leaves. P1.8. f.6o.
61.

TRUNK (truncus) the main
:body of a plant : it is either a
^STEM,*a Stalk, a Straw, or a
Pillar. See thofe terms.

TUBE (tubus) the lower part
lof a bloffom of one petal is fre-
jquently lengthened out into a
I tube, as in Crocus and Polyanthus.
DPI. 4. f. r. (a.) f. 7. (a.)

TUBERCLE (tuberculus) a little
folid pimple.

TUBEROUS (tuberofus) Root;
confifting of many roundifh knobs
colle6led into a bundle, as the root
of Paony and Dropwort. Pl. 11. f. 7.

, TUBULAR (tubulofus) in the
fhape of a hollow tube, as the cup
of Privet, the bloftbm of the Ho-
neyfuckle, or the honey-cup of the
Hellebore.

Florets, in com-
pound flowers, are fhaped like a
hollow tube, and the top is cloven
into five fegments. In the Tanfey
all the florets are tubular, but, in
the Sunjloiver and the Datfie, only
thofe in the centre. PJ. 4. f. 26.

TUFT (cyma) a compofition of
flowers in which a number of fruit-
ftalks proceeding from one com-
mon centre, rife to the fame
height ; and thefe again fhoot
out other little fruit-ftaiks, which
do not proceed from one central
point. The Eider, the Geldcr Rofe,
and the Laurujlinus, are inftances.
PI. 6. f. 10.

TURBAN-SHAPED (turbina-
tus) like a Turkifh turban; exem-
plified in the cup of the Elm, or
French Wheat ; fome Pears are in
this form.

TWINING (volubilis) twifting
round other bodies, and afcend-
ing in a fpiral line. Some plants
twine from the left to the right ^
in the direction of the fun’s appa-
rent motion, as Hop, Honeyjuckk,
and Black Briony. Others twine
from the right to the left ]) con-
trary to the fun’s apparent mo-
tion, as Bindweed and Scarlet Kid-
ney Bean. Pi. 10. f. 5.

TWIN-

DICTIONARY OF Englijh

Ixxxii

TWIN-FORK (bigeniinus) fee
Doubly Compound Leaves.

TWO-EDGED (anceps) as the
Rem of T'utfan, and the Siiveet-fmel-
Ung Solomons Seal,

TWO-ROWED (diftichus) like
the teeth in a double box, or ivory-
comb. The leaves of the common
Fir, and the flowers of Sweet Cype-
rus, are examples.

UMBEL. See RundJ-e.

UNARMED (inermis) without
weapons of defence. See W eapons.

UNDIVIDED. See Simple.

UNEQUAL FLORETS (radiati)
when a rundle is not compofed of
equal florets, but thofe in the
circumference are larger than thofe
in the centre, and the outer petals
are larger and different in fliape
from the inner petals. As in the
Carrot and CoKvparJnep, See Ra-
diate, for Linnaeus ufes the fame
term (radiatus) to exprefs the dif-
flmilarities of the florets in the
rundle-bearing plants of the 5th
Clafs, as well as thofe of the com-
pound flowers of the 19th.

UNIFORM (equalis) a term
applied to compound flowers when
the florets that compofe them are
all alike ; as thofe of Fennel, Let-
tuce, and Burdock.

UNITED (connatus) Leaves,
two oppofite leaves growing toge-
ther at the bafe. PI. 9. f. 4. (h. h.)

UPRIGHT (ereaus) handing
upright, as the cups ok Periwinkle,
the tips of Polyanthus; the flalks of
'Tulips; the fterns of Sparagus. It
is alfo applied to leaves. Pj. 9.
f. 5. (b. b.)

VALVE (valvula) the diflerent
pieces that compofe a capfule are

called valves. Thus in the Tliorn-
apple there are four valves. PI- 5.
f. 14. fc. c. c. c.J In the Loofe-
Jlrife ten, in Jacob’s Ladder, Daffo-
dil, and Hyacinth three. PI. 5. f. 6.
f. 12. (a. a.)

The petals and empale-

ments that conflitute the flowers
of GraflTes, are called valves ; thus
in the Common Meadow Grafs the
empalement is a dry chaffy hufk,
compofed of two valves, and the
blollom is formed of two other
valves. See pi. 2. f. i.(a. a.) (b.b.)
and mofl; of the other figures in
that plate.

The mouth of the tube

of a bloflbtn is frequently clofec
by^ feveral projefting fubftances ;
thus in the blolToms of Barrage,
and Jacob’s Ladder, the tube is
clofed by five of thefe fubftances,
and they are called valves.

VANE-LIKE (verfatiJis) turn-
ing about like a vane, or weather-
cock, as is the cafe w-ith the tips
of Geranium and Crown Imperial.

VAULTED (fornicatus) like the
roof of one’s mouth. The upper
lip of many of the gaping bloHbms
is vaulted; e. g. red and white
Dcadnettle.

VEIL (calyptra) the empalement
6f mofles, covering the tips. It is
generally in a conical form, like
an extinguiflier. PI. i. f. D. (a.)

VIVIPAROUS (viviparus) a
term applied to fterns or ftalks pro-
ducing bulbs that are capable of
vegetation. In ‘T'oothx&ort and Star
of Bethlem, thefe bulbs are found
at the bafe of the leaves; in [mall
Bijlort, on the lower part of the
fpike ; in fome fpecies of Garlic at

the

BOTANICAL TERMS. Ixxxiii

the origin of the rundle of flowers;
and upon the fpikes of fome of
the gralfes, as the Cat’s-tail Canary.

WARTY (verrucofus) having
little hard lumps or warts upon the
furface^

WAVED (undatus) when the
furface of a leaf towards the edge
does not lie flat, but appears
waved, and full, like a man’s ruf-
fle. The leaf of the Water Caltrops
is an example. PI. 8. f. 66.

WEAPONS (arma) are either
Prickles, Thorns, or Stings.
Pi. lo. See thofe terms.

WEDGE-SHAPED (cuneifor-
mis) as the leaves of the Garden
Spurge, and the Garden Purjlain.
PI. 8. f. 65.

WHEEL-SHAPED (rotatus) a
term ufed to exprefs a bloffom of
one petal, with a flat border and
a very fhort tube. Barrage and
Speedoi’ell are familiar examples. PI.
4. f. 6.,

WHORLS (verticilli) of
Branches, Leaves, or Flowers.
The branches of the Fir, the leaves
of Ladies Bed-Jlraw, and the flowers
of the red and white Deadnettle,
grow in whorls round their re-
rpe6live ftems. They fomewhat
refemble the fpokes round the
nave of a wheel. PI. 6. f. 1 1.

^VINGS (alae) the lateral petals
of a butterfiy-fhaped blollbm ; e.
g* in thePea. Seethe introdu6lion
to the feventeenth dal's. See alfo
pl. 4. f. ig. fc. c.J and f. 16.

WINGED (alatus) Leaf-stalk,
flattifh, with a thin membrane or
leafy border on each fide.

WINGED (pinnatus) Leaf ;
when an undivided leaf-ftalk hath
many little leaves growing from
each fide, as in Jacob's Xadder,
Bladder Sena, AJh, and Pea. PI, 8.

52. 53- 54, &C-

WINGED Cleft (pinnatafi-
dus) applied to a leaf that is cut
and divided fo deeply on each
fide, down towards the middle rib,
as almofl: to refemble a winged
leaf. The Corn Poppy and the
Polypody are examples ; and fo are
the root-leaves of the Shepherd’s
Purfe. ^

VVINGED Shoots (furculi pen-
nati) when the flioots Rrike out
from the fides, like the plumage
along the fides of a quill. Inftances
wall be found in feveral fpecies of
the Feathermofs.

WIRES ( flagelli ) barren
twigs or (hoots lying upon the
ground, as in the Garden Straw-
berry and Stone Bramble.

WOODY (arboreus) oppofed
to herbaceous. The ftems of the
Wallflower or Gillijlower are woody.

WOOL (lana) a kindof dowriy
cloathing upon the furface of fome
plants. The leaves of Horehound,
Great Mullein and Gorze are woolly.

WOOLLY (villofus) covered
with diftin6}; foil hairs.

WRINKLED (rugofus) as are
the leaves of Sage, Primroje, Wood
Strawberry, znd Ha fel,

ZIGZAG (fiexuofus) having
many turnings and bendings, as
the ftems of Rough Bindweed, and
Woody Nightjhade, or the branches
of Golden Rod.

THE

THE

w

LATIN TERMS of LINN^US.

With the correfponding Eriglijh Words.

N. B. The following Alphabetical Lift of the Terms ufed by Linn'^^us will be
extremely ufeful to the learner, as by its affiftance he will be enabled to
underftand other botanical books which he may wifh to confult. The Ladies
too, who in fpite of the obftacles attendant upon a dead language, often
having recourfe to Linn«us in the original, will find their labours greatly
facilitated by it. And, laftly, the learned botanift will, by the infpeclion of
it, be convinced how little, occalion there is to call in foreign terms, to the
aid of a language fo copious as is our own.

ABBREVlA'TUS,77,orA
Aborti'vi (flofeuli) barren.
Abrup'tus, abrupt,

Acau'lis, Jlem-lefs. .

AceroTus, chaffy.

Acicula'ris, needle-Jhaped.
Acinacifor'mis, feymetar-jhaped.
Aci'n i , granulations.
Acotyledo'nes, feeds zmthout lobes.
Acu'lei, prickles.

Aculea'tus, prickly.

Acumina'tum (fol.) tapering to a
point.

Acn'tuSfJharp.

Adna'tus, conne&ed.

AdprePlus, contiguous.
Adicen'dens, afeending.
iEqua'lis,' eejual.

Aggrega’tus, incorporated.

A 'la, wing.

Ala'tus, ivinged feed, or leaf-Jlalk.
Albur'num, a foft xe/kite fubjlance be-
tween the inner bark and the zvood.
Al'gae, the 3d order of the 24th
clafs.

Alter'nus, alternate.

Amen'tutn, catkin,

Amplexica'ulis, embracing the flem. j
An'ceps, two-edged.

Androgy'iia (planta) bearing both
chives and pointals,

Angula'tus, angular.

Anguftifo'lius, narrozv-leaved .
Angiofper'mia, feeds covered.
An'nuus, annual.

A noma la, without order.

An'thera,

Ixxxv

LATIN

iAn'thera, tip.

Apet'alus, without petals.

A'pex, point.

Apoph'yfis, excrefcence in mojfes.
Appendicula'tus, with an ap-pendage.
Approxiina'tus, neai'ly upright.
Arbo'reus, woody.

Arcua'tus, bowed.

Aril'lus, fee Caliculus.

Aril'ta, awn. *

'Ar'ma, xveapons^

Articula'tus, jointed.

Afperifo'lia, rough-leaved.
Affur'gens, rifng.

Attenua'tus, tapering upxmrds,
Auc'tus, leafy.

Auricula'tus, ear-Jhaped.

Ave'nis, without veins.

Axilla'ris, at the baje or bofom of the
leaves.

Bac'ca, berry.

Bar'ba, beard.

Barba'tus, bearded'.

Bicaplula'ris, two capfuled*

Bien'nis, biennial.

Bifa'rius, oppofite.

Bif'idus, cleft or cloven.

Biflo'rus, two-flowered.

Bigem'inus, twinfork.

Bij u'gum, two couple.

Bilabia'tus, two-lipped.

Bilo'bum, tzvo lobes.

Bina'tus; in pairs.

Bilocula'ris, tiw celled.

Biparti'tus, having two divijtons,
Bipinna'tus, doubly winged.
Biterna'tus, doubly threefold.

Bival've (pericarpium) two-valved,
iBrachia'tus, fee Deculfatus.
iBrac'tea, floral-leaf.

IBulbo'fus, bulbous.

IBul'bus, bulb.

IBulla'tus, blijlered.

>Cadu'cus, fheddjng.

Vol.IIl.

TERMS*

Caefpito'fus, matted together.
Cal'car, a Jpur.

Calicula'tus, cup double.

Calic'ulus, fed-coat cover.
Calyp'tra, veil.

Ca'lyx, empalement.

Camparlula'tus, bell-Jhapedi
Canalicula'tus, channelled.
Capilla'ris, hair-like.

Capita'tus, growing in heads.
Capit'ulum, knob.

Capit'ulus, flowering head.
Capre'olus, fee Cirrhus.

CapTula, capfule.

Cari'na, keel.

Carina'tus, boat-Jhaped, or keeled,
Carno'fus, flejhy.

Cartilagin'eus, grifly.
Catenula'tus, chained.

Cat'ulus, fee Amentum.

Cau'da, tail.

Cau'dex, body.

Caulef'cens, having a flem.
CauJi'nus, belonging to the flem.
Cau'lis, flem.

Cer'nuus, crooked j when applied to
fruit-flalks.

Cilia'tus, fringed.

Cin'gens, binding rounds
Circumcif'fus, cut round.
Cirrho'fum (fol.) terminating in a
tendril.

Cir'rbus, tendril.

Claf'fis, clafs.

Clau'fus, clofed.

Clava'tus, club-Jhaped.

Clavic'ula, fee Cirrhus*
Coaduna'tus, joined.

Coarfta'tus, compact.

Cochlea'tus, like a fnail-Jhell,
Colora'tus, coloured.

Columnel'la, column.

Columna'ris, a Jquare pillar,

Co'ma, comb.

Commu'nis,

Ixxxvi

LATIN TERMS.

Commu'nis, common. .
Compac'tus, frm.

Comple'tus, ptrfeB.

Compof'itus, compound. ,

Compref'fus, comprejfed.
Conca'vus, concave.
Conduplica'tus, doubled together.
ConFei-'tus, crowded.
Coniiuen'th{fol.) thronging: uniting.
Congef'tus, collected into a ball.
Conglomera'tus, clofe.

Co'nicus, conical.

Conna'tus, united (leaves.)
Conni'vens, approaching.
Conni'vens calyx, clojmg (cup.)
Contra'rius, contrary.

Convex'us, convex.

Convolu'tus, bent from left to right.
Cor'culum, heart of a feed.
Corda'tus, heart-Jhaped.

Coi'ia'ceus, leather-li'ke.

Comu'tus, horn-Jhaped.

Corol'ia, blojfom,

Coro'na, crown.

Corona'tus, crowned.

Coi'tex, bark.

Corym'bus, broad-topped fpike,
Cotyledo'nes, feed-lobes'.

Crena'tus, fcolloped.
i Crif'pus, curled.

Crifta'tus, crejled. '

Crucia'tus, crofs-Jhaped.
Cryptoga'mia, clals 24, flowers in-
con ficuous.

Cuculia'tus, hooded.

Cal'mus, \lraw.

Cuneifor'mis, wedge-fhaped,. ' .
Cufpida'tus, fpit-pointed.
Cyathifor'mis, gldfs-Jhaped.
Cylin'dricus, cylindrical; fee teres.
Cy'ma, tuft.

Deb'ilis, feeble. v-
Decagyn'ia, ten pointals.
Decan'dria, clals 10, ten chives.

Decaphyl'lus, ten-leaved',
Decid'uus, deciduous.

Declina'tus, declining.
Decompof'itus, doubly compound,
Decum'bens, lying down.
Decur'rens, running along the fern.
Decurfi'vus, running along (the leaf-
ftalk.)

DeculTa'tus, crofs pairs.

Deflex'us, a little bent outwards.
Deflora'tus, having dijeharged the
dujl.

Deltoide'us, triangular fpear-Jhaped.
Demer'fus, fee Submerfus.
Dendroi'des, Jhrubby.
Denta'to-finua'tus, toothed and in-
dented.

Denta'tus, toothed.

Denticula'tus, with little teeth.
Depen'dens, hanging down.
Depref'fus, depreffed.

Diadel'phia, clafs 17, threads in tms
fets.

Dian'dria, clafs 2, tz&o chives,
Dichot'omus, forked.

Did'ymus, double.

Didyna'mia, clafs 14, two chives
longer.

Diffor'mis, irregular and uncertain
Jhaped.

' Diffu'fus, fpreading.

Digita'tus, fingered.

Digyn'ia, two pointals.

Dimidia'tus, going half way round.
Dioe'eia, clafs 22, chives and point-
als dijlinbl.

Diphyl'lus, two-leaved.

DiTcus, centre.

Difi'ec'tus, fee Laciniatus.
Difper'ma tzoo feeded.
Dillepimen'tum, partition.
Difiil'iens, buijling.

Dil'tans, diflant.

Dif'lichus, two-rowed.

Divarica'tus,

LATIN TERMS.

'Ixxxvii

^Divar^ca'^as, (IraddUng.
iDiver'gens, diverging.
Dodecagyn'ia, Uvelue pointals.
IDodecan'dria.clars ji, twelve chives.
Dolabfifor'mis, hattledore-Jhaped.
Dorfa'lis, fxed to the back.

Dru'pa, pulpy feed vejfel.
Duplica'tus, doubled.

Echina'tus, befet with prickles.

Ellip icus, fee Ovalis.
Eniargina'tLis, notched at the end.
Enedvis, laithout firings.
EJhnean'dria, clafs 9, nine chives.
Eno'dis, without joints.
nfifor'ni is, fword-jhaped,

,'quitans, laminated.

Irec'tus, upright.

Sro'fus, gti’awed.

Sxfer'tus, (landing out,
oXtrafolia'ceus, beneath the leaves,
'arc'tus, full,

'ari'na, dufl, fee Pollen,
^afcicula’ris, ? , ,, ,

areicuh'tus, }

■*afcic'ulus, a bundle,

"aftigia'tus, level,

"aux'j mouth.

^emin'eus Flos, fertile Jlozmr,
"er'tiles, fertile.
ibro'fus, fbrotis,
ilamen'tum, thread.
iW’ces, ferns, the ill order of the
24th clafs.

ilifor'mis, thread-Jhaped.
i'imbrica'tus, tattered.
lif'fus, cloven.
fiftulo'fus, holloze/.
riac'cidus, limber.
riagel'lum, a wire.
ilexuo'fus, zigzag.
riora'lis, floral (leaf.)

Ilos, flozver.

|lof 'cuius,

liofculo'fus, tubular (floret)

Folia'tus,. covered zvith leaves.
Folia'ceus, leafy.

Fo'iium, leaf.

Foli'olum, leajit.

Follic'ulus, airbag.

Fornica'tus, vaulted..

FruticoTus, Jhrubby.

Fruftlfica'tio, flozner and fruit,
Fruc'tus, fruit.

Ful'cra, fupporters.

Fun'gi, fungujfes, the 4th order of
the 24th clafs.

Fur'ea, fork.

Furca'tus, forked.

Fufifor'mis, fpindle-Jhaped,

Ga'lea, helmet.

Gem'inis, in pairs.

Gem'ma, bud.

Geifera, | '^^^roduaion,
Genicula'tus, knee-jointed,
Genic'ulum, knee joint,

Ger'men, feed-bad.

Gib'bus, hunched.

Gla'ber, fmooth.

Glan'dula, gland.

Globo'fus, globular.

Glo'chis, hook with many points,
Glomera'tus, congregated.

Glu'ma, hujk.

Glutinof'itas, gummy.

Gram'ina, gz'ajjes.

Granula'tus, headed,
Gymnof^tx’miz, feeds naked.
Gynp'dria, clafs 20, chives on the
pointal.

Ha'mus, hook.

Hafta'tus, halberd-fhafed.
Hemifpher'icus, hemtfpherical.
Heptan'dria, clafs y,Jeven chives..
Herba'ceus, herbaceous.
Hermaphrodi'tus, flowers containing
both chives and pointals.
Hexago'nus, fixjided,
g 2 Hexagyn'ia,

Ixxxviii

LATIN TERMS.

Hexagyn'ia, Jix Polntals.
Hexan'dria, chis b, fix chives.
Hi'lum, eye of a feed.

Hirl'u'tus, rou2;li with hair.

Hil 'pidus, covered with frong hair.
Horizonta'lis, horizontal.
Hypocraterifor'mis, falver-f taped.
Icofan'dria, clafs 12, twenty chives.
Imbrica'tus, tiled.

Ina'nis, pithy.

Inca'nus. See Tomentofus.
Inci'lus, fnipt.

Inclina'tus, leaning.

Inclu'fus, inclofed.

Incomple'tus, imperfect.
Incrafll'a'tus, thicker towards the top.
Incumben'tes, fxed fde-xmys.
Incurva'tus, bowed inwards.
Iner'mis, unarmed.

In'ferus, beneath.

Infl.i'tus, bladder-Jhaped.

Inflex'us, bent inwarm.
Inflorefcen'tia, mode of fiowering.
Infundibulifor'mis, funnel-Jhaped.
In'teger, entire.

Integer'rimus, very entire.
Interrup'tus, interrupted.
Intrafoiia'ceus, 'xvithin the leaves,
Involucel'lum, partial fence,
Involu'crum, fence.

Involu'tus, rolled inxmrds.
Irregula'ris, irregular.

Labid'tus, having Ups.

La'bium, lip.

La'cerus, ragged.

Lacin'ia, fegments.

Lacinia'tus, jagged.

La6ler'cens, milky (juices)
LacunoTus, pitted.

La^'vis, even.

Lamei'iae, gills.

Lam'iua, limb.

La'na, xmol.

Lana'tus, cobwebbed.

Lanceola'tus, [pear-Jhaped.
Latera'lis, lateral.

Lax'us, limber,
he gu' men, fell. ,

Lepro'fus, [potted like a leper.
Li'ber, the inner bark.

Ligula'tus, frap-Jhaped,

Lim'bus, border.

Lin'ea, a line.

Linea'ris, frap-fhaped.

Linea'tus, freaked.

Lingula'tus, tongue-Jhaped.
Loba'tus, gajhed.

Lo'bus, lobe.

Loculamen'tum, cell.

Lon'gus, long.

Lu'cidus, tran [parent.

Luna'tus, crefcent-Jhaped.

Lyra'tus, lyre-Jhaped.
Magnitu'do.yizp.

M-i.xce{'cens, JhrivelUng.
Margina'tus, bordered.

Maf’culus, barren.

Membrana'ceus, membranaceous.
Monadel'phia, clafs 16, threads
united.

Monan'dria, clafs i, one chive.'
Mone'cia, clafs 21, chives and
pointals [epar ate.

Monogy'nia, one point al.
Monopet'ala, one petal.
Monophyl'lus, one leafed.
Mucrona'tus, Jharp-pointed.
Multif'idus, many clefted.
Multiflo'ri, many floxmered.
Multiparti'tus, deeply divided into
many parts.

Murica'tus covered xvith Jharp points. \
Muf'ci, mojfes, the 2d order of the
24th dais.

Mu'ticus, xaithout axms.

Na'tans, floating.

Navicula'ris, boatjhaped.
Neda'rium, honey-cup.

Nervo'fus.

LATIN TERMS.

{Mervo'fus, p-'in^.

Nidulan'tia, (Semina) difperfed in
pulp.

INit'idus, glqfy.
iNu'dus, naked.
iNu'tans, nodding.
lNux, nut.

Obcorda'tus, inverfely heart-Jkaped.
‘Ohli'qum, Jl anting.

•Oblon'gus, oblong.

■ObCole'te, indijlinklly.

1 Obtu'fus, blunt.

’O£logyn'ia, eight pointals.
Oftan'dria, clafs 8, eight chives.
lOper'culum, lid.

Opercula'tus, covered with a lid.

' Oppofitifo'lius, oppojite the leaves.

I Oppof'itus, oppojite in pairs. >

I Orbicula'tus, round and flat.

‘ O're Perian'thii, rim of the cup.

' Oi 'feus, hard as bone.

• Ova'Jis, oval.

Ova'tus, egg-Jhaped.

Pa'gina, furjace.

Pala'tum, palate.

Pa'lea, chajf.

Palea'ceus, chaffy.

Palma'tus, handfliaped.
Pandurifor'mis, flddle-Jhaped.
Panic'ula, panicle.

Panicula'tus, panicled.
Papiliona'ceus, butterfly-Jkaped.
Papillo'fus, pimpled. :

Pap'pus, feather.

Paralle'lus, parallel.

Parafi'ticus, parafltical.

Partia'lis, partial.

Parti'tus, flvided.

Pa'tens, expanding.

Pat'ulus, open.

Peda’tum (tbl.) birds- fooled.
Pedicel'lus, little fruit-flalk.
Peduncula'riff, belonging to a fruit-

Ixxxix

Peduncula'tus, growing on fruit~
flalks. '

Pedun’culus, fruit-flalk.

Pelta'tum (fob) with a leaf-folk fixed
in the centre of a leaf.

Pelta'tum, targe t-Jhaped.
Pencillifor'mis, pencil-Jkaped.
Pen'dulus, pendant.

Pentago'nus, flve-Jided.
Ver}tagyn'i2i,flve pointals.
Pentan'dria, claCs Jive chives.
Pentapet'ala, flve petals.
Pentaphyl'lus, flve-leaved.

Peren'nis, -perennial.

Perfolia'tus, perforated (leaf.)
Perian'thium, cup.

Pericar'pium, feed-vejfel.
Perichae'tium, receptacle of mojfes.
Peril ('tens, permanent.

Perfona'tus, gaping.

Pet'alum, petal.

Petalifor'mis, refembling a petal,
^ettel'd'vis, flxed to the leafjlalk,
Petiola'tus, having leaf-flal/is.
Peti'olus, leaf-jialk.

Pil'eus, hat.

Pi'li, hairs.

Pilo'fus, hairy. '

Pinnatif'idus, zvith winged clefts,
Pinna'tus, winged.

Piftil'lum, pointal.

Pla'nus, flat.

Ple'nus flos, double blojfom,

Plica'tus, plaited.

Pluma'tus, plumed'.

Plum o' (us, downy.

Plu'mula, the afcending part of the
heart of a feed
Pol'len dufl.

Polyadel'phia, clafs 18, threads in
many Jets. \

Polyan'dria, clafs 13, many chives.
Polyga'mia, clafs 23, various difpo-
fltions. .

Poly-

xc LATIN TERMS.

#

Polygyn'ia, many polntals.
Polyphyl'lus, many-leaved.
Polyfta'chius, many fpikd.
Po'mum, apple; a flemy feed-vefTel.'
Po'ri, p07'es>

Por'ticus, hinder part,

Prasmor'Cus, bitten.

Prifmat'icus, prifm-Jhaped.
Pjrocum'bens, trailing.

Pro'lifei:, headed Jlem.

ProliT'eri fiores, one growing put of
another <

Profmin'ulum, prominent.

Propa'go, off-fet.

Pro'prius, individual blojfom.

Pu'bes, cloathin^.

PuIpoTus, pulpy.

Pulvera'fus, dujled.

Punfta'tus, doited.

Quin'a'tum (fol.) by fves.
Race'mus, bunch.

Ra'chis, fpike-Jtalk.

Radia'tus, radiate.

Radica'lia (fol.) root-leaves,
Rad'icans, Jlrihing root.

Ra'dius, circumference.

Ra'dii, fpokes,

Ra'dix, root.

Ra'meus, a branch-leaf, or fruit-flalk.
Ramofif'fimus, greatly branched.
Ramo'fus, branching.

Ra'mus, branch.

Receptac'ulum, Receptacle.
Reclina'tus, curved.

Recurva'tus, bent backxmrds.
Rec'tus, flraight.

Reflex'us, reflected.

Regula'ris, regular.

Remo'tus, remote,

ReniforHnis, kidney-fhaped.
Repan'dus, ferpentine.

Re'pens
Rep'tans
Refupina'tus, lying on its back.

creeping.

Retror'fum finua'tum, barbed.
Retror'fum ferra'tum, inverfely fer-
rated.

Retrofrac'tus; bent back as if broken.
Retu'fus, indented.

Revolu'tus, rolled back.

Rhombe'us, diamond-fhaped.
Rig'idus, indexible.

Rimo'fus, abounding with chinks,
Rin'gens, gaping.

Roftel'lum, the defcending part of
the heart of a feed.

RdPtrum, bill.

Rota'tus, xvheel-fhaped.

RugoTus, xvrinkled.

Ruftcina'tus, notched.

Sagitta'tus, arroxv-Jhaped.
Sanneilto'fus, having runners.
Sca'ber, rough.

Scan'dens, climbing.

Sea 'pus, flalk.

Scario'fus, fkimiy.

Scrotifor'mis, purfe-fhaped.
Scutel'lum, a faucer.

Scy'phifer, cup-bearing.

Secun'dus, pointing one xmy.
Securifor'mis, hatchet-Jhaped.
Se'men, feed.

Semite'res, femi-cylindrical.
Sempervi'rens, evergreen.

Se'nis, by fixes.

Sevie’eus, flky.

Serra'tus, ferrated.

Sef'filis, fitting.

Seta'ceus, brifly.

Se'tas, brifles.

Silic'ula, pouch.

Sil'iqua, pod.

Sim'plex, fmple.

Simplicif'fimus, undivided.
Sinua'tus, indented.

Sol'idus, folid.

Solita'rius, folitary.

Spa'dix, fheathed fruit-flalk.

Spar'fus,

LATIN TERMS.

Spar'fus, fcattered.

Spa'tha, Jheath.^.

Spathula'tus, fpatula-Jhaped.
Spi'ca, fptke.

■Spic'ula, a little fpike.

■Spi'na, thorn.

Spinef'cens, ? ,,

JSpinoTus, \

Spira'iis, fpiral.

Squama'tus, fcaly.

Squamo'fus, Jcaly.

^uarro'fus, fcurfy.
atam'ina, chives.

Btamin'eus flos. barren flower.
Btella'tus, flarry.

Btertlis, barren.

Dtig'ma, fumrnit.

Btim'uli, flings.
oti'pes, pillar.

•tipita'tus, flanding on a pillar.
►tip'ula, prop.

Stolo'nes, [ackers.

'tolonif'erus, having fuckers.
•tria'tus, /cored.

’tric'tus, very flraight.

: trigoTus, j/ronV lance-Jhaped briflles.
'trob'ilus, cone.
ity'lus, Jhaft.
lubdivi'fus, fubdivided.
lubmer'fus, growing beneath the
Surface of the imter.
iubramoTus, a little branched.
Eiibrotun'dus, circular.
ubula'tus, awl-Jhaped.
uffruticoTus, fomewhat vuopdy.
ulca'tus, furrowed.
uper'fluus, Superfluous.

IJ'perus, fuperior,
fjpradecompof'itus, more than dou-'
i bly compound.
titu'ra, Seam.

-ngenefia, clafs iq, tips united.
lere.s, cylindrical .
jergem'inus, double Iwinfork,

XCI

Termina'lis, terminating'.
Terna'tus, threefold.

Ter'nus, growing by threes.

Tetradyna'mia, clafs 15, four chives
longer.

Tetrago'nus, four-cornered.^
Tetragyn^ia, four point als.
Tetrandria, clafs 4, four chives.

1 hyr'fus, clufler.

Tomento’fus, downy.

Tomen'tum, down.

Toro'fus, protuberating,

Tor'tilis, twifled.

Tranfver'fum, tranfverfe.
Trapezifot'mis, irregular fquare.
Triandria, clafs 3* three chives.
Triangula'ris, triangular.
Tricoc^cus, three feeds in three cells,
Tricufpida'tus, three-pointed.
Trigo'nus, three-edged or cornered.
Trigyn'ia, three pointdls.

Tri n erva't us , th ree-flbred.

TrinerVis, with three fibres.

Xriparti tus, with three diviflons.
Tripinna'tus, triply zvinged.
Tripliner'vium, three-flbred. '
Tri'queter, three- fquare. .

Triterna'tus, triply threefold,
Trunca'tus, lopped.

Trun'cus, trunk.

Tuber cuius, tubercle.

TuberoTus, tuberous.

TubuJo'fus, tubular.

Tubus, tube.

Tunica'tus, coated.

Turbina'tus, turban-Jhaped,
Tur'gidus, fwollen.

Umbel'Ia, rundle.

Umbel'lula, Rundlet.

Umbilica'tus, dimpled.

Uncina'tus, hooked.

Unda' tus, ivavcd.

Un'guis, claw.

U'liicus, Jingle.

Uuiflo'rus,

xcii

LATIN TERMS.

Uniflo'rus, having hut one Jlozver.
Unilateralis, growing only from one
fide.

Univerfalis,. general.

U'rens, flinging. '

Utric'ulus, little bag.

Vagi'nans, Jheatliing.

Val'vula, valve.

Veno'(us, full of veins.
Ventrico'fus, diflended.
Verruco'fus, warty.

Verl'at'ilis, vane-like.

Verticilla'tus, imhorled*
Verticirii, whorls.

^ V exirium , Jtandard.
Virii, foft nans.
VilloTus, woolly.
Virga'tus, rod-fhaped.
Vifcidus, clammy.
VifcoPitas, clamininefs.
Vivip'arus, viviparous,
Volu'bilis, twining.
Vol'va, ruffle.

0

A N

EXPLANATIONo/if^ePLATES.

PLATE HI.

PARTS compojing a FLOWER.

J

Fig. I. A back View of a Rose, to (hew the Empalemeuty
or flower Cup» a. a. a. a. a, the Segments of
the Cup.

Fig. 2. A figure of the Crown Imperial, to fliew

a. a, a, a. a. a, the Petals.

b. b. b» b. b. b, the Chives.

c. c. Ci c. c. c, the Tips.

d. the Seed-bud.

e. the Shaft.

/, the Summit.

Fig. 3. g-, a Petal of the Crown Imperial, feparatcd
from the Flower.

h. i, a Chive, h, the Thread, i, the Tip.

k, a Honey-cup Pore.

Fig. 4. The Seed-veffel of the Crown Imperial citt
a-crofs, to fhew the three Cells. During the
exiftence of the Blofl'om this was called the
Seed-bud.

Vol.III. h PLATE

civ

i

PLATE III.

Fig, 5. A Flower with the Empalement, the Chives, and
the Pointal ; but the Petals taken away.

• a, the Empalement, or Cup.

b» h. b. b. b. b, the Tips of the Chives.

c, the Seed-bud.

d, the Shaft.

e, the Summit.

f, one of the Tips difcharging its dull.

Fig. 6. e. h, a Chive taken out of a Flower,

' g, the Thread, h, the Tip, which, in this in-

^ fiance, is double.

Fig. 7. i. k. I, z Pointal taken out of a Flower, i, the
Seed-bud. /^, the Shaft. /, the Summit.

Fig, 8, o, a Particle of Dufl greatly magnified, ft, the
vapour efcaping from it, which is fuppofed to
pafs thro’ the Pointal to fertilize the Seed-bud,
Fig. 9. A Daffodil and its fheathing Empalement. a, at
the Sheath, d, the fheathed Fruit-flalk,

Fig, 10, A Cup, which is the Empalement of a Polyan-
thus, with five fharp teeth in the rim.

L

P L A TE

PLATE IV*

BLOSSOMS.

Fig. I. A BlofTom of one Petal ; falver-fhaped.

a, the Tube. L h, the Border.

Fig. 2. A bell-fhaped Blofifoii].

Fig. 3. A tubular bell-Qiaped Blolfom.

Fig. 4. A Bloffoin bell-lhaped, but diftended.

Fig. 5. A Blolfom with fix refle6led Segments.

Fig. 6. A back view of a wheel-lhaped Blolfom, to lliew
the lliortnefs of the Tube.

Fig. 7. A funnel-fhaped Blolfom. a, the Tube, b, the
Border, c, the Cup.

Fig. 8. 9. Gaping Blolfoms.

a. a, the Upper Lip*

b. b, the Lower Lip.

c. c, the Tube.

d. d, the Mouth. ^

Fig. 10. A gaping Blolfom. a, the Upper Lip. b, the

Lower Lip. c, the Palate.

Fig. 1 1. A crofs-lliaped Blolfom, with the cup taken away,
to fhew a. a, the Claws of the Petals, b. b. b. 6,
the Limbs of the Petals, c, the Receptacle.
Fig. 12. a crofs-lhaped Blolfom, with the Empalement,
or Cup. a. a, a. a, the Petals. b, the Cup,
hunched at the Bafe.

Fig. 13. 14. Two views of butterfly-fhaped Blolfoms. a. a,
the Cups. 6. fc, the Standards, c. c, the Wings*
d, the Keel.

Fig. 15. The Standard of a butterfly-fhaped Blolfom fepa*
rated from the other Petals, c. the Claw.

Fig. 16. One of the Wings of a butterfly-fhaped Blolfom
feparated from the other Petals, m. the Claw.
Fig. 17. The Keel, or lowermofl petal of a butterfly-fhaped
Blolfom feparated from the other Petals.

Fig, 18. The Cup, Chives, and Pointal, of a butterfly-
fhaped Blolfom, after the Petals are taken away.
a, the Cup. h, the Chives, i, the Pointal.

h 2 , PLATE

cvi P L A T E IV*

COMPOUND FLOWERS.

Fig. 19. A Flower of Dandelion, as an example of a
compound Flower in which all the Florets arc
ftrap-fliaped.

Fig. 20. The common Empalement of a compound Flower,
com po fed of upright Scales d. t/,- and refle£led
Scales c. c.

Fig. 21, A flrap-lhaped Floret taken out of a compound
Flower, e, the Bloffom. /, the Seed-bud. g", the
Tips forming a hollow Cylinder, thro’ which
paffes the Pointal, with the two refie6led Sum-
mits h.

Fig. 22. k, the Seed of a compound Flower, i, the Pillar
fupporting the downy Feather, /.

Fig. 23. A naked, dotted Receptacle of a compound
Flower, a, the Receptacle. the Empalement

reflefted.

Fig. 24. The Flower of a Daisie. as an example of a
Radiate compound Flower, a. a, a. a, the ftrap-
fhaped Florets in the Circumference, b, the
tubular Florets in the Centre.

Fig. 25. The Flower of Burdock, as an example of a
compound Flower in which all the Florets are
tubular, a, the fcaly tiled Empalement. i, one
of the Scales with its hooked Point, c. c. the
tubular Florets.

Fig. 26. One of the tubular Florets feparated from the
reft, d, the Bloflbm. c, the Seed-bud. /.the
Pointal.

Fig. 27. One of the feeds, d, the pyramidal feed, crowned
by the fhort Feather k.

PLATE

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PLATE V.

H O

N E Y - C U P S.

Fig. I. The Bloffom of a Daffodil, with the bell-lhaped
Honey-cup a. „ ^ ri

FiG.a.TheBloffomofthePARNASsiAtofliew theHopey-

cups e. e. a. a. a. which ate little globes fup-
ported upon Pillars,

Fig. a. a. The Horned Honey-cups of the Wolfs-
bane. b. b, the Foot-ftalks that fupport them.
Fig. 4. a. The horn-fhaped Honey-cup of the Larkspur.
fc.c. d. e.f, the Petals.

SEED-VESSELS.

Fig. 5. f.c, The globular Capfule of a Poppy.

holes through which the Seeds efcape. ,
radiated fummit.

Fig. 6. ACapfule with three Valves, opening at the top.
a. a. a, the Valves.

Fig. 7. A Capfule cut open length-ways, to flaew the
Receptacle, with the Seeds fixed to it.

Fig. 8. A Capfule opening by holes at the fid es. a. a,

holes through which the Seeds efcape. ^

Fig. q. a Capfule that opens like a fnufFbox, or as if it
was cut round, a, the Capfule entire, b, the
Capfule open, c, the Receptacle as it appears
after the Seeds are removed.

Fig. 10. An inverfely heart-fhaped Pouch, notched a

the end.

Fig. II. a circular Pouch notched at the end.

Fig. 12. A Pouch opened a little to Ihew a. a, the
Valves. b. b, the Partition between the

Valves. , ,

Fig. n. A Capfule with two boat-lbaped Valves, an
one cell. a. a, the Valvesopening length-ways.

h 3

PLATE

PLATE V.

Fig. 14. A Capfule cut open horizontally to flifiWf.c.f.c*,
the Valves, h. b. b. b, the Partitions, d, the
Column in the Centre to which the Partitions
are conne6led. a. a. a. a, the Receptacles and
Seeds.

Pig. 15. Seeds of Geranium, with a long Bill, b, the
Seeds, a, the Bill.

Fig. 16. A Shell, or Seed-veffel, of two Valves, in which
the Seeds are fixed to the upper Seam only.

a. b, the Valves.

Fig. 17. A Pod, or Seed-veffel of two Valves, in which
the Seeds are fixed to the two Seams alter-
nately

fl. b, the Valves, d. d. d. d. c. c. c, the Seeds.
Fig. 18. A Cone, cut through length-ways, to fhew the
Scales and the Seeds.

FiG.'ip. A Berry cut acrofs to fhew a. a, the Seeds.

b» b, the Pulp. c. c, the Coat.

Fig. 20. A flefhy Capfule, or Apple, cut acrofs to fliew

b. b. b. b. b, the five Cells.

Fig. 21, a pulpy Seed-veffel cut acrofs. fl. fl,the pulpy
part. b. b, the Nut or Stone.

PLATE

PLATE VI.

SEEDS-

Fig. I. The Seed-veffel of the Spindle-tree, to fhevv the
Seed-coat. a. (2,the Valvesof the Capfule. h,z
Seed, the Seed-coat opened to fhew the Seed,

Fig. 2. A Seed with its Feather.

a, a hairy Feather, b, a downy Feather.
d, the Pillar fupporting the Feather, c, the Seed.
Fig. 3. The Seed of a Bean fplit in two, after being foaked
a little while in water, to Ihew

a, a, the Seed-lobes.

b, the Heart.

c, the defcending part of the Heart.

d, the afcending part of the Heart.

e, the Eye.

fruit-stalks.

Fig. 4. A Stalk. It fupports the Flowers, and fprings
direaiy from the Root. ^

Fig. 5. A Spike, a, b.c,d, the Spikelets, or little Spikes.
Fig. 6. A Panicle.

Fi G. 7. A broad-topped Spike. a» a. a. a. a, a, the little
Fruit-ftalks.

Fig. 8. A Bunch.

Fig. 9. A Bundle. Rundlets. c. c, the General

Fence, d.d.d.d, the Partial Fence. €.e.e,eAhe
Spokes of the Bundle.

Fig. 10. A Tuft.

Fi G. 1 1. Whorls of Flowers, a. a. a, the Whorls
Fig. 12. A Catkin.

PLATE

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V,' ■ ■■’ i> . v' .. , ' !

„ .i /'I ' jX a. t 1

- /• / ... rLH ^ r!' - ' e

, - '! ■ .I'-icj'' "j-nt j'-.v ri'iiqd /• >•• -c :

• ■ . ■ .3iau:: '^ A -->' t '

> '. .' ■• '■ ■ .iilir ■"' l' s'

1- . . ' - ' ’ ’ '• •■ .sbujid A i? •• 1 I

I (r ,.; ... .-albfiwii A -.

'■' V ■■ .i,,.".' .i!’ .9'MU>1 ' ' , '■

; : 'v:m!H lidrto 235iinq’cJ . . :

. •' ' -J jXriT A .o) ,o:'I

,); .iV ’ . • ' -' ^,T\ Vsywol*? lO filtOliV/ n oH .'

! ■ ' V . ' . ■ < ’ !; .Ain:^JBO A vsr .'o A-l

■. . ■

>• f'

4 »

" J

y • •?

/ . > ' .j

J.V

1

p

LATE VII.

cu

LEA

Fig,

1 Round.

2 Circular.

3 Egg-ihaped.

4 Oval.

5 Oblong, . -

6 Spear-fhaped,

7 Strap-fhaped.

8 Awl-flaaped.

9 Kidney-fhaped.

10 Heart-fhaped.

11 Crefcent-fhaped.

12 Triangular.

13 Arrow-fhaped.

14 Between heart and ar-
row fliaped

15 Halberd-fhaped.

16 Notched at the end.

17 Confining of 3 Lobes,
j8 Bitten.

19 Gaflied.

20 With five angles,

21 Gnawed,

22 Hand-fhaped.

23 With winged Clefts.

24 Jagged.

25 Indented.

26 Toothed and indented.

V E S.

Fig.

27 Barbed.

28 Divided.

29 Serpentine at the edge,

30 Toothed,

31 Serrated.

32 Doubly ferrated.

33 Doubly fcolloped.

34 Sharply fcolloped.

35 Bluntly fcolloped.

36 Sharply notched at the
end,

37 Plaited.

38 Scolloped.

39 Blunt,

40 Sharp.

41 Tapering to a point.

42 Blunt but ending in a.
point.

43 Fringed.

44 Venous, or full of veins,

45 Triangularly fpear-{hape(

46 Stringy.

47 Growing by threes up-
on leaf-flalks.

48 Fingered.

49 Shaped like a bird’s-foot

50 In pairs.

51 Three-fold.

PLATE

CIV

PLATE VIII.

lea

Fig.

52 Winged, with an odd
leafit at the end.

53 Abruptly winged.

54 Winged, with the leafits
alternate.

55 Interruptedly winged.

56 Doubly winged

57 Doubly three-fold.

58 Winged, and terminated
by a tendril.

59 Triply three-fold.

60 Triply winged, without
an odd leafit at the end.

V E S.

Fig.

61 Triply winged, with
odd leafit at the end.

62 Lyre-fliaped.

63 Lopped at the end.

64 Spatula-fliaped.

65 Wedge-fhaped.

66 Waved at the edge.

67 Curled

68 Cylindrical.

69 Inverfely heart fhape(

I

PLA^

.'A

' V A i’' A

: - . ; •• . .Oli

.. V qn.» I?) f)l>-. rr^ ,b9^niW-i'Ji

‘ ‘'•'Z ^"'''■' .bf-3 ar/j j£ i'apf ■ -

i:..-n- ^,tJ ^^,v if>^gnfw yh^aittA

rs/vqqoj riim^ag^TW

- ' ^ .sJcmaJlK '.

> ' • ' * *.' ■ : ! ^ vl i>3tquiT51nI ^

• ' ''^'7^ ^ .■', . bagaiw ^(iriuoa

' ' ‘ ‘ ^ ' ■ j*b>)-59-rffi /{Inurffl . ^ ^

' ' . : ■ f ,.''^tMjrnblbxi£^i)3grtiW 8^

'^. ' ' ■ • . ••bfb'fT9t-£ yd ,

• ' • » “ blDf-“3id j y bpT Q p ^

' ^bsoniw yfqiiT oo '

'. ■ y/*; .'i/fj ii jfifi<.l : .

,. ■ V

‘A

9^

-’r.

* > <

# ■> “ -

r" V . '

>^3' ' - 'll

f,V ITI -

.;>:y

cvi PLATE IX.

%

Difpofitlon and Diredlion of Leaves.

Fig. I. Leaves in crofs pairs.

Fig. 2. Tiled Leaves.

Fig, 3, a, a jointed Leaf.

ft, ft, Starry Leaves.

c. c. Leaves growing by fours.

d. d, d. d. d, Leaves alternate. In fig. 5. all th{
Leaves are oppofite.

e. Chaffy Leaves.

/, Leaves in a bundle.

Fig. 4. a, A Leaf with a central Leaf-ftalk.
ft, a Leaf with its Leaf-ftalk, c.

d, a fitting Leaf,

€, a Leaf running along the Stem.

/, a Leaf embracing the Stem.

g, a perforated Leaf.

h, h, Twin Leaves.

i, a Leaf flieathing the Stem.

Fig, 5, a, a, Leaves bent inwards.

ft. ft. Leaves upright,
c. c, ‘Leaves expanding.

• d. d, Leaves horizontal.

e. e, Leaves curved.

/./, Leaves rolled back.

m, a Fruit-ftalk riling from the bafe of the Leaf
Fig. 6. Leaves contiguous to the Stem.

Fig, 7. Root-leaves, a, the root. ft. ft. ft, the leaves
riling immediately out of it, without the inter-
vention of any Stem.

Fi G. 8. fl. a, Floral Leaves ; different from ft. ft. the othe:
Leaves of the plant, c, a Fruit-ftalk.

PLAT

? < ^

T - /

’ll.'. .

i., v

■■ I i'. '

}:7

r' •

• . ',* ‘ ^ » * i.

V i 4; .

V* ; . ♦' - .

,:\i - t'

-4;. r- I

0-*»< • • 1 ;

, . -.• j*

» . . »

\

itr ■*

i

" " - i ■

f kBL . it-'-

I

.-. /

'0-'- - '.i. .-. I «

rv'V

'iv o ^

*'‘V^ V ^ V

■ ' , .■•- . . • . ■ i.'>^ i-

•*■.;■ '■ •• , : / ^ •: . i

r *1 ^ -I •> • » * 1

\* ' ,■ • !

*■ .4i.,-."",\,^. . '

V. V

' »■" .* / ' ^ > .

■ '1: > “ " "•'•-

i

Sf

t ^ .A

i' ^' 7

J V

I’v •

m

.•>1*

>- ,

'•■A'

a

A

Ir

y - ^
" :

■ , J,..' :'

SC- ! V^.i. / .-: -

vN, '

\ K'

L

' > •■

'I • .C-r^'

^ V

V V i . r

* V . ..9"^

" >. ■■

t

#• '

•*

i

t
. V

•i \

v-V

•#

• A.

V ^'

*w *

. ■ V, "

:«

.;t,

■ \c ■>■ t-'-M

cviii PLATE X,

I

WEAPONS.

Fig. I. fl. a, a. a, Simple thorns.

h. b. bt A triple thorn.

Fig. 2. a. a, Simple Prickles.

b, bf Forked or triple Prickles.

S T E M S, &c.

Fig. 3. A jointed Straw, /a. a. a,) The Joints.
Fig. 4. A forked Stem.

Fig. 5. A twining Stem.

Fig. 6. a. a, A Tendril.
h. b. Props,
c. c, Concave Glands.

Fig. 7. A creeping Root.

Fig. 8. A creeping Stem.

PLATE

.1 .

o I A aw . ,

> . ■ ^ • s

•zniofil slqmiS '

.fiiorfMlqixl A , . .d

^ f!3ii{jh^' stqnuc^ o.o,i,Sii'?

^Iqnj K. 'bailio'^ ^ "

; ' V -• ‘ ' ■'

• f ■_

i/^ i -t ?’ .

'■ 4.**»

•o 't'--. i.rv.o( A

tA ^ .

p^niar?/} A .a^'il' . ■ . J

.Uibr.V J A i> Q .?'> * ' I

_ ««’qt . • , .i

• . , ■;- ' '■

- % ooil A .'r .oiH.

. ' '.'ar?:'." ' T^ai--.' A '.h ■■;»: ( r ^

' ■.- . •■■ ■ ^ .’■;' f-y->

Vf ■ • . ' ■ V -'H

’ m:

1

Ji

•t .

{ .

i (

/ t

j

It*

1 ■

:f

\

*'

» <

■4?

»■

J

/

1*

I

voi. m.

Fig. r. a, a. a. a, Glands fupported upon Foot-ftalks.

.ROOTS.

\

Fig. 2. A coated bulbous Root, cut a-crofs, to fhevv the
Coats which compofe it.

Fig. 3. A folid bulbous Root.

Fig. 4. A fcaly bulbous Root.

Fig. 5. A branching Root.

Fig. 6. A fpindle-fliaped Root. ,

Fig. 7. A tuberous Root.

INSTRUMENTS.

Fig. 8. Two Differing Needles, with ivory handles, be-
longing to the Botanical Microfcope.

Fig. 9. A pair of Spring Flyers for difleftion, belonging
to the Botanical Microfcope.

PLATE

i

!

*

» t

*

rf

«

K

i 2

PLATE XII.

HORTUS SICCUS or HERBA'RIUM.

A Section of a Cabinet for the prefervation of dried
fpecimens of plants. The numbers denote the drawers
appropriated to the different Claffes. The fize of the
drawers, is proportioned to the number of plants in each
Clafs. They are calculated to contain fpecimens of all
the Britifh Vegetables,

BOTANICAL MICROSCOPE.

The Microfcope figured in this plate having been
found to occupy too much fpace in the pocket, to ftand
too unfteady when in ufe, and to have the handles of the
infiruments too fhort ; another inftrument is now fold by
the publifher, and may be had from the different book-
fellers, price los. 6d. in which all thefe inconveniencies
are obviated. The feparate glafs in the ivory cell is in-
tended to be ufed as a hand magnifier. The fixed glafs
at the t6p of the inftrument is to be turned round until
its focus be properly adjufted to the object laid upon the
ftage, and a diftinft vifion obtained; and then if diffec-
tion is requifite, it may be done with great fteadinefs and
exa6tnefs, by holding one of the diffe6ting inftruments in
each hand, reftingthe elbows upon the table, and look*
ing through the microfcope at the time that the diffe£lion
is performed.

ADDITIONS

r

ADDITIONS

TO THE

TWO FIRST VOLUMES.

I

33 ADDITIONS,

I

VO cn

additions,

Page 2. HIPPURIS vulgaris. Thread on the fide of the fummit
of the feed-bud. Shaft on the centre of the fummit of
the feed-bud. Seed-bud beneath. St. from the figure in
the FI. Land.

Curt. Ko. 48. — Gifehe 32. — FI. dan. 87. — Dod. 113. 2, repr.
in Lob. ic. i. 792. 2, and Ger. em. 1114. 6, with the Jpike
of an Egmfetuvi added to the left hand fiem. — J. B. iii. 732,
figure on the left hand the befi. — Ger. 957. 6, mifprinted 953,
cop. in C. B. th. 243. 4. — Park. 1200. 4, cop. in Brit. herb.
81. — Seguier. i. 2? 1

3, SALICORNIA herbacea. Line i, read. Herbaceous,

open. Joints flattened, between nicked and cloven at
the end.

Line 3. After auci. 598, add, Baft. ii. 10. 3, a full grown
plant ; faj a portion of a branch, B. D. the chive, C. duft
magnified ; 1. a plant a fortnight old ; 2. a young plant begin-
ning to throw out lateral branches ; 4. a branch and a feSlion of
it when the feed is ripe, exhibiting the feed-vejfels lying in the
Jubftance of the leaves; C. the Jeed-veJfel, D. the feed, and
- £. the empty feed^effel. — Matth.

Line 4. After Ger. read em. 535. i , and cop. in Brit herb.
83 — Pet. (ifc.

Line 6. Before Spike, read, Widely fpreading, fcarcely
a palm long. Li NN. —

Line 6. After Flowers, read, in threes, clofe together,
on each fide of every joint. Chive i. Baster in Reich,
fyft. plant, but I find no fuch defcription of the flowers
^ in the place there cited. St.

. Line 8. After h\xmt, add, Ger. prov.

' 4. C A L L I T R I C HE umia, var. 3. Ger. m. 614. 12,

cop. in Park. 1260. 5?

. line 6, add, Schoenus albus. Schoenus Marifcus. St.

. LIGUSTRUM vulgare. Curt. iv. 51 before Mill.

. VERONICA hybrida. Ompherhead, a deep rock at
Cartraell Wells, plentifully. Mr. Halj..

Page

CXVl

ADDITIONS TO THE

page 12. VERONICA <Anagallis. Curt. v. 56 before Gcr.

13* VERONICA fcutellata. Curt. v. 56.

• 15. line 5 from the bottom, add, Leaves cut into winged

clefts. Mr. Woodward.

— 35. ANTHOXANTHUM odoratum. Mill. ill. after
Schreb. Shafts appearing before the chives, as in Carex
and Plantago. Scop. — Blojf. ua/yei a long oval, blunt.
Honeycup fmooth ; one of the leaves egg-fhaped, the
other elliptical. Ha l l. St. — Empal. valves ftarp-pointed.
Blojf. the awn from the valve, which is next to the
greater valve of the empalement, rifing even with the
empal. and fometimes a little beyond it. S c h e u c h.
St. — I have, at p. 26, conjedlured its fcent to proceed
from the yellow dots on the valves of the empalement,
I but, on drying the fpikes and ftraws feparately, I found
that the ftraws afforded the fcent, while the fpikes
treated exadlly in the fame way afforded no more fcent

. than Brotnus fecalinuSf Cynojurus crijlatus, or Loliun perenne,

St.

■ 35* lific 10 from the bottom, before Riv. read, Curt. iv. 47.—

Line 7 from the bottom, before Riv. read. Curt. iv. 47.—
Aftei line ii from the bottom, add. Plant with chives,
but pointals imperfea. In the garden of the Univerfity of
Lunden, in Sweden, it produced perfecfl feeds, but
whether from an intermixture of hermaphrodite, or
female flowers, as has been obferved in the Hemp and
Spinach, was not afccrtained. Retz. obf. i. p, 10.

*— 37. VALERIANA Locujla. Curt. v. 54 before Dod.

CROCUS falivus u. Mill. ill. Crocus fativus B. Jacq.
aujlr. app. 36.

40. IRIS Xiphium. Line the laft, after Ger. cm. 102. b.

add, and Park. 2 8, &c. t^c.

41- SCHCENUS. After Obf. par. 2, add, And in Scirpus
palujlris the two or three lowermoft are without chives
and pointal. St.

4“* line 14, add, Ckwes 2. Scheuch.

S C H CE N U S ferrugineus. (H. ox. viii. 12. 40, is
referred by Mr. Hudfon to funcus triglumis.J

43. SCHOiNUS compreffus. Straws from below the middle

generally leafy, fmooth, juft below the fpike roueh.
Leers, St. °

44. hne 14, add, Cfe 2, very rarely 3, oppofite, upright,

only half as long as the pointals. St.

46. SCIRPUS palutis. After the charafter, add, Linn.
— Summits 2. St.

Page

TWO FIRST VOLUMES.

•re 46. S C I R P U S palujlris a. Straws Inclofed below with flieaths.

Sheaths generally 2, lopped, the lowermoll extending
upwards, one to one and an half inch, the uppermoft
longer. Scheuch. St. — SAeatAi leaflefs. Sp/Ae egg*ob*
long, pointed. Scales, the two lowermoft oppofite,
blunter, broader, and without chives and pointal. Shaft
always cloven into two, not three. Seed furrounded at
the bafe with 4 white bridles Ihorter than the empale>
inent. Leers, St. — Straws feparated at the bafe by ta*
per-pointed fcales. Sheaths lopped obliquely, a brown
dot juft below the point, the uppermoft riling from 3
to 5 inches above the root. Empal. Jcales egg-oblong*
generally the three lowermoft roundifti, and without
chives and pointal. Seed-hud ohrlong, flatted. Shajt with
a flefhy, egg-fhaped, flatted bafe, fixed on the point
of the feed-bud, and nearly as.large; fhrivelling as the
feed-bud enlarges. St. — In ponds it often covers con-
•fiderable fpots of ground. St.

46. SCIRPUS paZa/lris |S. Pointal ?ls in cc. Scales, only the

two lowermoft without chives and pointal. St.

47. SCIRPUS ceejpitofus. Shaft juft fcnfibly larger at tlx;

bafe. Summits 3. Its ftrucfture approaches rather to that
of the Schcenus. Sr.

SCIRPUS acicularis. Shaft juft fenfibly larger at the
bafe. Summits St.

49. S C I R P U S fetaceus. Add to the fpecific charatfter.

Spikes I to 4. St.

— 50. SCIRPUS maritimus. Curt. Ko. 4^ before C, B.

— 59. ALOPECURUS pratenfis. Curt. iv. 50.

ALOPECURUS bulbofus. References to figures,
after C. B. th. 20, infert, cop. in Park. 1176. 2.

60. ALOPECURUS geniculatus a. Curt. v. 57.— Fl.

dan. ifjc.

62. P H L E U M arenariim. In fandy places on the fea

Ihore. [Near the fea fide, Yarmouth, Mr. Woodw.]

A. July. Ang.

78. line 13, add. This is certainly the A.montana at a greater

age, and muft certainly be the fame plant. Wiogers.

81 . M E L I C A unifiora. Curt. iv. 5 before H. ox.

82. MELICA ccerulea. Flourilhes in the neighbourhood of

the copper works at Pary’s mountain, in Anglefea,
while almoft every other vegetetable, even Lichens, are
injured or deftroyed. Penn, wales ii. 2C5.

85. P OA aquatka. Curt. v. 56 before H. oa:.

Page

*

exvii

/

cxviii .

/

»

ADDITIONS TO THE

Page 88. line 24, after Leers 6. i. infert Anders, (called Poa com.
prejj'a.)

89. POA marilima. Fl. dan. 251, a good reprefentalion of k.

Mr. Velley, St. — A Jpecimen of Mr. Velley's gathered
at King's Wejlon, near Brijlol, accords with mine which I col-
leSled in a journey along the Jea coajl, and I believe at King's
Wejlon. In mine the panicle is compaB, as defcribed by Mr,
Hudjon i in Mr. Velley’s the largejt of the branches from each,
joint retrofraSled. St.

1 10. B R O M U S giganteus. Curt. v. 58.

1 13. AVENA/atwa. References, line i, after Leers, See.

add, Mill, ill H. ox.

118. ARUNDO arenaria, Newborough, InAnglefea, fub-

fills chiefly by manufarfluring it into mats and ropes.
Queen Elizabeth, on account of its preventing the
winds from driving the fand over the adjoining fields,
prohibited the extirpation of it. Penn, waks ii. 226;

X18. ROTTBOLLIA incurvata. Stems branched. Spike

cylindrical, not thicker than the flem, whence it is
not readily obfervable, unlefs when in flower. Ray,
Mr. Woodward. — Leaves fhort, firm. Flowering Jlems
afeending, below'whitilh, cylindrical and fmooth. Spike
green. L/orets, one to each joint, alternate. Empal.
valves ftrap-fpear-fhaped, ending in a ftifF point, the

point lying in a notch of the joint above, ftifF, green,
furrowed without, white and fhining within, one ex-
panding when the dull is ripe. BloJfom n&eLvly as long as
the empalement. Threads very fhort. Tips long.
Mr. Woodward.

Near Yarmouth. Mr. Crowe.

141. line/. Read, with 5 briftles, as, 8cc.

153* GALIUM tricorne. Leaves rough at the edge with

prickles pointing backwards; rib rough with fimilar,
but fmaller prickles. Fruit-Jlaiks generally Angle. Pedi-
cles with often one leaf at the bafe. Flowers, fome-
tinies all 3, not unfrequently 2, but mofl commonly
only I fertile. Mr. Wood.

Plentifully in a limeftone foil in the corn fields about
Monk Tryfton, between Ferrybridge and Selby, and

^ near Weatherby, Yorkfhire. Mr. Wood.

15*^- GALIUM boreale. Fruit rough with hairs; hairs

^ upright, not hooked, nor adhering; Li nn.— fUghtly
hooked at the end. St — Fruit appearing to the nalced
eye as covered with a white downy fubllance. Mr;

Wood,

CXIX

TWO FIRST VOLUMES.

WoQD,. St. — 0/o^. when frefh, of a beautiful white,
but, when dried, turning to a dirty yellow, though
gathered in the fineft day. Mr. Griffith.

' [Rocks about the Strid, near Bolton Abbey. Mr.
Wood.]

158. ASPERULA oi?orata. Woods in Herts. Mr.Woonw,

Near Armingdale Wood by Norwich. Mr. Crowe.

159. SHERARDIA arvenfis. Qurt. v. 53 before FI. dan.
idQ. ILEX Aquifodum. References. After Hant. ewl. 383,

add, i.p. 262. ed. II. and after Wale, add Munt. 164.

38.-

170. S A G I N A procumbens. References, line 2. Ger. em.

567. 5, add, is Scleranthus perennis.

172. POTAMOGETON mlans. i , References. After
Trag. 688, add, Mill. ill.

175. P O TAM O G E T O N peSfinatum. References. Lob.

ic. i. 790, repr. in Ger. em. i^c.
POTAMOGETON Jetaceum. Leaves fpear-fhaped ,
oppofite, taper-pointed.

In peaty ditches in Lancafliire. P. July. Aug.

176. POTAMOGETON pufillum. Whole plant extremely

flender. Stem much branched, fcored. Leaves very
narrow, pointed, extremely expanding at the bafe,
fometimes alraoft bent back. Leaf-fcales broader than
the leaves, fhort, membranaceous. Spike {host. Flowers
on fruit-ftalks. Mr. Woodward.
i83. MYOSOTIS fcorpioides. Wale. 5. —

Myojotis palujlris. Curt. cat. n. 330.

196. line 24, add, [Fen Banks, Lincolnfh. and Cambridgefh.

intermixed with Symphytum officinale. Mr. Woodw.]
198. A S P E R U G O procumbens. In and near the church
yard, Newmarket. Mr. Woodward.
LYCOPSIS arvenfis. Curt. v. 57 before Fuchf.

200. ECHIUM ilalicum. Jacq. aujl. v. app. 16 before Dod.
209. LYSIMACHIA nemorum. Curt. v. 56.

213. CONVOLVULUS Jepium. Wale. 5.

218. CAMPANULA latifolia. Erafe FI. dan. 85, two
fimers and'leaf good, and infert FI. dan. 782. —

Not unfrequent in the clayey parts of Suffolk. Mr.
Woodward.

249. After line 18, add, A horfe ate once of two bundles of-
fered at different times, but, though he fvvallowed
what he had taken into his mouth, he did not eat any
more of the fame bundle. St.

Page

1

€XX

ADDITIONS TO THE

Page 258. U L M U S campejlris. References. After Hunt, evtl
add, i. p. 1 14. ed. II.

259. line 3 from the bottom, after Nat. iijpl. inferk Lob. obj.

ii. 189. 2, repr. in Ger. &c.

263. GENTIANA campejlris- In great plenty in a

boggy field adjoining to Horsforth Beck, four miles
from Leeds. Mr. Wood.

268. BUPLEURUM tenuijjimum. Boggy ground at the

farther end of St. Vincent’s Rock, near Cook’s Folly.
Dr. Broughton.

281. SELINUM palujlre. Root in one plant nearly fimple.

Mr. Wood.

In great plenty in low wet moors, with Iris Pfeud-
' Acorus, near Whitgift, Yorkfhire, four miles from?
the confluence of the Oufe and Trent. Mr. Wood.

283. ATHAMANTA Libanotis. Apium petreeum fea

montanum album. Bauh. hift. III. i. 105. R. fyn. 218.
Mr. Relhan. — Athamanta Libanotis. Hudf. ed. i. — A.
Oreofelinum. Hudf. ed. ii. Mr. Woodward.

Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgefhirc. Ray. — Found
fome years fince by Mr. Davies of Trinity College on
the hills near Lord Godolphin’s. Mr. Woodward.

288. Heracleum Sphondyl. 0. In the woods and other places

about Hayes, near Ofweftry, as common as q.. Seeds
gathered 0(51. 4, 1770, were fown Jan. 2, 1771, and
produced plants which flowered in 1772, and they or
many of their progeny now occupy the fame fpot in
Jan. 1789, It feerns to be more than a variety. Mr.
Waring,

——.391. SIUM latifolium. References, line 2, after repr. in,
infert. Lob. obf. 113. i; ic. i. 208. i,

tlwarf SIUM repens. Stem creeping. Leafits roundifii, toothed
and angular; Linn, — rather between cut and Jer^
rated. St,

Jacq.fi. iii. 260.

Smaller in all its prts than S. nodifionim. Leafits,
the terminating one deeply divided into 3 lobes. Roots-
more numerous and frequent than thofe which fomc-
times ihuot out from the lower part of the ftem of S.
nodifiorm, by means of whit;!^ it foon covers the fpot
where it is planted with a numerous offspring; fo that
it is difficult, as jacquin obferves, to difeover the
parent root. Leafits, the terminating one deeply di-
vided into 3 lobes. Dr. J. Sibthorp. Rundks on

fruit -Rr Iks,

TWO FIRST VOLUMES.

fruit-ftalks, oppofite the leaves. Leajits roundifh egg-
fhaped, unequally ferrated; ferratures bluntifh, the

lower edge generally deeply cut alfo in one place. St.

[Found by Dr. J. Sibthorp In moift ground called
Cowley Bottom, near Oxford.] P. July.

303. After the laft line, infert, Llangollen monaftery, Den-
bighlhire, and White Ladies near Bofcobel, Shropfh.
Mr. Dickenson.

305. S C AN D I X Anthrijcus. A horfe eat it. St.

307. C H JE ROPHYLLU M fylvsjtre. Two horfes In a
liable ate a quantity of it. — A cow left it in a pafture
of mine. St.

311. ANETHUM Foeniculum. Mill, ill before Sheldr.

322. STAPHYLEA pinnata> Gifek. 56. — Madh.

May and June.

325. PARNASSIA palujlris. References. After Ludw.
no, infert, Mill. ill. —

328. L I N U M ujitatiffimum. References. Curt. v. 55.

Ludw.

330. LINUM catharticum. Fl.dan.B51,

337. line 6, read, though 6 in number.

343. ALLIUM arenarium. Stems fometimes 5 feet high.
Leaf-Jheaths Hiongly keeled. Mr. Wood.

Troutbeck-holm by Great Strickland. R. fyn, —
[Plentifully about Thorp Arch, Yorklh. Mr. Wood.]
346. After line 24, infert, 2. White-flowered.

Pkntifully in a meadow on the right of the road
leading from Wolfley Bridge to Stafford, about 20Q
yards from the Bridge. 7th May, 1787. With.

362. J U N C US articulatus, var. 4. Fl. dan. 817. — H. ox. &c.

363. J UNCUS triglumis. Specific charadler, add, Linn.

— with from 2 to ^ fowers. Hall. — and 5. Mr. Grif-
fith, St.

366. line 22, after force, infert, Bot. Arr. ed. I.

367. line 26, after Ger. em. 566. 3; infert, cop. in Park.

1680. 6. —

370. RU M E X crifpus. A horfe refufed it. St.

371. RANUNCULUS Fhmmula. yValc. 5.

.373' R U M E X obtuffolius. Horfes will eat it in the lia-
ble. St.

•375* R U M E X digynus. [and May. Mr. Griffith.]
.380. line 13, after Shroplhire, add, in the meadow between
the church and the medicinal fpring at Cheltenham.

;38i. ALISMA Piantago. References. Curt. v. 5^. — Fl.
dan. After Lob. obf. i€o. i, infert, jc. i. 301. i, Ger.

Page

exxi

1

cxxii

ADDITIONS TO THE

Page 38 1. ALISMA Damajomum. After repr. in. infert, zc. i,
301. I, Ger.

ALISM A natmis. [and June. Mr. Griffith.]

382. ALISMA Ranunadeides. After J. B, iii. 788, infert,

Lob. ic. i. 300. 2, repr. in Ger.

^13. POLYGONUM aviculare. Wale. 5.

Convolvulus. Wale. 5.

^17. AD O X A Mojehatelllna. References. After Ger. 933.

10, infert, Rark. 62. i. — - *

^24. MONOTROPA HypopnlKys.^ References. After

Fl'. dan. 232^ infert,- Riot. oxf. 9. 6, at p. 146, cop. in

H. ox. xH. 16. 13, and 20. b. in jlower, 20. a. in fruits
^27. ARBUTUS Unedo. References. After Himt. evel,^

373, add, ii. p. Sr. ed. II MilU Gfc. .

431. SAXIFRAGA nivalis. References . After Ray 16.

I , add, at /*. 358, from a garden fpecimen,

432. SAXIFRAGA nivalis. [May to Aug. I have feen

the fame plant flower thrice in one fummer. Mr.^
Griffith.]

S»A X I F R A G A oppefufolia. [April to June. iVk/
Griffith^] - -

— :• 438. SAPONARIA officinalis. Refere-nces. At tJie end,
add, (Ludw. 170, is Lychnis dioka rubra. J

443. DIANTHUS deltoides. It is' faid -to grow fpontanc-

oufly on hills iii England, buf I have neither feen it
growing wild, nor do I know aiay one who ever has,-
' Dill. ‘

— 445. CUCUBALUS Behen. Refere^des. A^; the end,
add, fFL dim. is-Silene dmoehia.)'

. 454. SI L E N E ocaidiL [May and June.- Mr. Griffith.]

474, LYCHNIS dioica. Refereodes*. After Curt, infert,

Ludw. 170. — ■ ,

476. CERASTIUM vulgaium. W'ah. 5.

478. CERASTIUM aipinum. Hairs tapering, moftlyl

terminating in globular heads. Leaves fpear-oval, ta-|
pering down'NZ.rds. * Fruit-ftalks - with hairs, nearlyj
equal in length to the breadth of the fruit-ftalk. C>5^|
elliptical-globular, cloven at the end into iofegments;|
fegrnents blunt, bowed in. Seezl^ reddifh brown, or- ■
bicular, I fufpedt l ot ripe. Specimen from Mr. Griffith.
Sr.-^Friut-Jlalk, hairs tranfparent, jointed, the knots ■
fomevvhat opaque. Mr. Griffith, St. '

[Top of Clogwyn y Garnedd, very near to plants oI
C.latifolium. Mr. Gr iffi th.]

Page

TWO FIRST VOLUMES.

je 478. CERASTIUM latifolium. Fruit-Jlalk, hairs twice as
long as the breadth of the fruit-ftalk. Cap/, in the fpe-
cimens examined not ripe, elliptical, opening with
feveral fegments. Specimen from>,Mr. Griffith. St.
— Hairs tapering, finely pointed, jointed, knots re-
mote, juft fenfibly thicker than the reft of the hair.
Mr. Griffith. St.

[Top of Clogwyn y Garnedd, very near to plants of
C. alpinum. June and July. Mr. Griffith.]

— 491. line I. AGR I M O NI A Eupatoria. Line i. After

Ludw. add. Curt. v. 53. —

— 492. RESEDA huleola. FI. dan. 864. — Sheldr. &c.

— 496* EUPHORBIA exiguaJS. E. plalyphyllos ^ Hudf. 210.

Mr. Relhan.

— 499. EUPHORBIA plalyphyllos (3. £. fegetalis jS Relhan.

— 502 . SEMPERVIVUM te&orum. Read, Curt. iii. 27.

— FI. dan. Gfc,

— 507. P R U N U S Cerafus. After Hunt. evel. 188,' add, i. p.

i8i.ed.TI._

— 508. P R'U N U S demejlica. One horfe ate the young fhoots,

when another at the fame time refufed them. Re-
peated. St.

— 510. CRAT.ffiGUS Aria. Aker Hunt. evel. 181, add, i.

p. 175. ed. II —

— £11, CRATiEGUS torminalis. After Hunt. evel. 182, add,

i. 176. ed. II.-^

CRATAEGUS monogynia. After Hunt. evel. 398, add,

ii. p. 92. ed. II.—

-513. SORB US aucuparia. Aket Hunt. evel. 218, add, i. p.
211. ed.U.—

-515. line 12 from the bottom, before Lada.-, infert FI. Rojf.
xiii. 1.

— 519* SPIRAi A Ulmaria. AkeiLudw. 23, add, Carr. v. 58.

-520. ROSA mbiginoja. FI. dan. 870.

— 523* ROSA canina. Wale. 5.

-53^* TORMENTILLA reptans. After Wale, add.
Plot. oaf. 9. 5, at p. 146, cop. in Pet. Sfc.

~ 551. P APA VE R Argernone. Read Curt. v. 53. — FI. dan. tsfe.

~ 552’ f APAVER fomniferum. A horfe ate of it at two
feparate times. St.

“ 556. T I L I A europcea. References. After Hunt. evel. at p.

201, add, i.p. 194. ed. II. — »

" 559* C I S T U S Helianthemum. Wale. 5.

564. STRATIOTES Abides, After Mill. ill. add Bergen
de Abide at p. 1. — p-ge

cxxiii

txxiv

9

(

ADDITIONS TO THE

Page 572. After line 17, infert, Its acrimony rifes in diflillation.

Some years ago a man travelled in feveral' parts of En-
gland adrainlftering vomits, which, like white vitriol,
operated the inftant they were fwallowed. The dif-
tilled water of this plant was his medicine ; and,
from the experience I have had of it, I feel myfelf
authorifed to aflert, that in the cafe of poifon being
fwallowed, or other circumftances occurring in rvhich
I it is delirable to make a patient vomit inttantaneoufly,

it is preferable to any other medicine yet known, and
does not excite thofe painful contradlions in the upper
part of the ftomach which the white vitriol fometimes
does, and thereby defeating the intention for which it
was given. With.

TEUCRIUM Chamcedrys. Rubbifh of Whittington

Caftle, near Ofweftry, Shropfhire. Mr. Dickenson,

Line 4. Infert Caleopjis.

— 610. Cdeobdolon. Linn.

— — 611. BETONICA offidnalis. PValc. 5.

621. ORIGANUM vuigare. After Ludw. go, ^dd. Curt,

V. 57 — '

— — 634. RHINANTHUS Crija galli. Read, Curt. v. 55,
— Riv. £9’c. " . .

635. EUPHRASIA off.dnalis. Read, Curt. v. 57. —

Skeldr. &c.

Line 15 from the bottom, after roundifli, add, cloven ;
» lower lip broad, cloven into 3,

667. SUBU LARI A aquatica.- [^nd June. Mr. Griffith.]

669. D R A B A iizcana. . [July. Mr. Griffith.]

676. T H L A S P I Burfa Pajioris. Wale. 5.

-- — C82. I B E R I S nudicaulis. Line 3, after St. add, atid fom

times with leaves fmilar to thofe of the root. St.

- References. Line 4, after ParL 828. 7, add, Magn. hot

187. — H. o.r. iii. 19. 5. — fGer. 214. 2. is TTilafpi Bvrft
Pajlorb, as Dill in R. Jyn. p. 304. Une 3, juftly remarks.)

Line 7 from the bottom, after Hudf. read, Stems no
unfrequently without leaves. Dill, in R. fyn. —

685. CARDAMINE petreea. [Clogwyn du yn yr Arddii

R. lyn. — in the g.reateft plenty. Mr. Griffith.]

[and July. Mr. Griffith..

— 694. SISYMBRIUM Irio. Read, Curt', v. 55. — Jfacq.

695. ERYSIMUM offidnale. After Lada’. 187, add. Curt

V. 55 —

Pag.

TWO FIRST VOLUMES.

706. BRASSICA orientalis. Fruit-Jtalks expanding. Pods
3 or 4 inches long, the lower open. Specimen from
Mr. Curtis’s garden. Mr. Woodivard.

707. BRASSICA campons. BioJJhm yellow. Specimen
from a garden. Mr. Woodward.

Note f After it infert. Flowers and pods agree with it,
but the leaves fomewhat different.

712. SIN APIS arveujis. Read, Curt. v. 54. — B. dan.

713. SINAPIS alba. Read, Curt. v. 54. — Blachw.

722. GE R A N I UM cicutariaTB. References. Add at the
end, Cam. epit. 601. — fMagn. hot. p. lOg, is C. petroeum
of Gouan. ill. 45.^

«. Linn. — The 2 fliorter petals fpottcd.at the bafc.
St.

Flowers very early in the fpring, riling from the
crown of the root upon pedicles, foon after elevated
upon a ftalk, and in fome lityations a ftem never
appears. Stem moftly prefent, two inches to one and
an half foot high. Leaves early in the fpring lying flat
on the ground, and in fome plants continuing fo all
the year; wings in the fpring oblong-egg-fhaped, cut;
in thefummer and autumn with winged clefts and very
narrow fcgments; in -the autumn, in lhady fituations,
frequently with much broader fegments. varying
in fize in different plants, and even in the fame plant,
the longefl: petal of a flower from a lateral Ihoot being
af tenths of an inch long, while one from a larger
branch was 3 tenths long; fome large in fmall plants,
and vice verfa. Petals of plants growing in the fame
fituations, and not otherwife diftinguifhable from each
other, the two Ihorteft in fome plants fpotted at the
bafe, in others only one of them fpotted, and fome-
times very obfcu rely fo, in others again unequal but
without fpots, and in others nearly equal and Ipoticfs;
Spots oblong, or elliptical, of a greenifh yellowilh hue,
blackilh grey, greenilh white, or white fprinkled with
numerous blackilh purple dots, many of them con-
fluent; fometimes fo faint as to be juft perceptible,
being whitifh with purple points, and fometimes only
on one of the petals, fometimes wholly wanting. St.

G. pimpinell folium. Curt, cat. p. 87. Bot. Arr. ed, II.
p. 724. — G. pimpinell<e folio. R. lyn. 358, as evident
Irom Linnaeus’s defcription of G. cicutarium given in
Bot. Arr. p. 723, and Dillenius’s in R. fyn. given in
li Bot,

HI,

Bot. Arr. p. 724. — G. cicutarium B Reich, in fyft. pi.
iii. 318. — G. cicutarium y Hudf. — G. petioUs, 8cc. Hall.
n, 944, var. III. St.

Corn fields, road fides, ditch banks.

April to Nov. 22. St.

y Petals without any fpots at the bottom. St.

Defcription of G. cicutarium by Mr. Woodward at p.
723. — G. cicutarium Hudf. — G. cicuta folio inodonm.
R. fyn.357. — G.petiolis, See. Hall. n. 944. a. and )3. St.

Subjedl to the fame varieties as a ; grows with it,
and diftinguifhable in no refpedl that I have been able
to difeover. St.

In the fame fituations as «. St.

726. GERANIUM maritivium. Add, On the South, and

never on the North fide of ditch banks. Mr. J. Al
Hunter.

727. GERANIUM fylvaticum. After FI. dan. add, Cam.

epit. 602, cop. in Park. 705. 5, and abridged in H. ox. v.
16. 25.—'

728. line 6. After 942, add, G. quarlum Cam. epit. 602. —

(G. mojcoviticum purpureum Park. 705, defcription feems
to be G. maculatum.)

743. LAVATERA arberea. Chiflcl in Portland Ifland.
Mr. Waring.

759. GENISTA piVo/a. Between Dolgelley and Llyn-Arran
at the foot of Cadet Idris, about half a mile from the
pool. Mr. Griffith.

762. ONONIS fpinofa. References. Add, Ludw. 68. —
Sheldr. ©’c.

775. V I C I A Cracca. References. Add, Curt. v. 54. — FI.
dan. 6?c.

779. V I C I A fepium 2. Chalk hills near Northfleet. R. fyn.
478. — [Near, See.]

Ants are fo fond of it, that in the fummer you can
hardly find a plant of it without one upon it. Mr.
Griffith.

797. TRIFOLIUM JlexttoJum. Jacq. — Wild Clover.
Worcefterfhire.

Cattle are not fond of it till it is touched by the
froft. From the information of a farmer, to whom I
pointed out the growing plant in flower. St.

834. line 5, erafe, and fubftitute. Leaves toothed, fea-green
underneath. Fruit-Jlalks long, terminating, fprinkled
with glutinous hairs. Bunches Ihort, Flowers of the
fize of ^.paluliris, blue. Linn,

The

TWO'FIRST VOLUMES,

The above on the authority of Dr. Smith, in his ad-
mirable icon. fafc. I. p. 21. (St.)

Page 842. LEONTODON hijpidum. Curt. v. 53. — Col. &c.

— 848. line 14 from the bottom, after Yorkfh. add, Ray, [and
Mr. Wood.]

— 854. line 2. Read, Cart. v. 55. — Wale. &c.

— 866. SERRATULA alpina. Line 4. Erafe, I have

not Jeen the plant.”

— 867. line 15. Before, fides, vfert, On the higheft rocks of
Caernarvonfhire, as Glogwyn y Carndh. R.fyn. [Mr.
Griffith.] On the higheft rock of Snowdon, and
in Brearcliff near Brunley, Lancafhire. Merret.—
[On Crib y Ddefcil, but in places fcarcely acceffible.
Mr. Griffith.]

— 879. ONOPORDUM Acanthium, Read, Curt. v. 57. —
FuchJ, &c.

— 941. ACHILLEA Ptarmica, After Ludw. infert, Curt. v.
58.— -Wale.

— 985. O P H R Y S ovata. Flowers, the lowermoft fhrivelled,
the reft continuing green even after the feeds are ftied.
Empal. leaves 3, apparently extenfions of the blunt an-
gles of the feed-bud, which in the ripe capfule appear
in the form of narrow valves. Petals 3, the 2 upper ftrap-
fhaped, greenifh, tinged with purplilh brown at the
edge, the lowermoft as deferibed in Bot. Arr. 987, all
apparently extenfions of the fides of the feed-bud,
which in the ripe capfule appear in the form of broad
valves, Capfule not twifted, juft before fhedding its
feed inverfely egg-lhaped, many times larger than the
feed-bud, with 6 corners, 3 of them prominent but
blunt, the 3 alternate ones keeled, of i cell, and 6
valves; 3 ftrap-fhaped, forming the blunt corners,
and 3 placed alternately, fpear-oblong, thrice as broad,
forming the acute corners of the capfule ; opening
widely at the futures, but connedled above and below,
letting out while yet green the feeds at the future ! in this
ftate nearly globular, yellowifh green, refembling in
figure an antique helmet with a vizor. Seeds very
numerous, adhering to the infide of the broader valves,
in 2 lines along the back of the keeled angle ; oblong,
tapering each way, white, membranaceous, reticu-
lated, each containing a fingle globular kernel rather
fmaller than the diameter of the cafe which contains it,
opaque and of a greenifh white.

Hurcot Wood, July 20, 1789. St.

k i Page

cxxviii

ADDITIONS TO THE

Page gSg. O P H R Y S Loejelii. Stalk 3 to 8 inches high. Leaves
variable in fliape. Petals, the 2 lower I have never
obferved wreathed. I have found at Icaft 50 plants this
fummer. Mr. Relhan.

ggo. O P H R Y S Mohorchis. References. After FI. dan.

102, infert, Fhe Jlexure of the Jlalk jtiji above the root
feems only an accidental circumjiance .

, 1066. line 29. At the beginning, infert, FI. RoJ. XL. D.

E. F. G.

io6g. BUXUS fempervirens. Aker Ludw. add, Muni. 157.

35. — Sheldr. &cc.

1079. SAGITTARIA faginjfolia. Wale. 5.

ADDITIONS to the CATALOGUE of
BOTANICAL WORKS.

ALL 10 N. fi. Allionii flora Pedemontana. Torn! III. 1785,
fol.

Amoen. Acad. Tomus VIII'" and IX"’. 1785. 8vo.

Berhenhout's fynopfis of the natural hiflory of Gr. Britain. Small
8vo. [It is a ad edition of his Outlines.]

FI. dan. fafe. xvi. 1787. fol. [by Vahl, a moft able and experi-
enced botanift.]

Gent. Mag. Gentleman’s Magazine from 1742 to 1789.

Gefn. Figures of Gefner’s publKhed by Schmidel, but without
his name, in a work intitled Cordi lib. V*'" ad. nova. 1753. fol.
The firft No. (i.) implies the firfl; plate; the fecond No. (ii.) the
feries of figures engraved on copper; and the third No. (iii.) the

feries of figures cut on wood.- Thefe figures were re-publiflied

under the title of Gefneri on. botanica, and in 1759 and 1772 a
fafciculus I. and II. added as a fequel of the former work.

Hoffm. fal. Hoffmann hiftoria falicum fafc.I. 1785. fol.

Matth. a C. B. Matthioli opera a Cafparo Bauhino. fol. 1674.
fol.

Plot oxf. Plot hiftoria naturalis oxonienfis. fol.

Plot Staff. Plot hiftoria natural, ftaffordieniis. fol.

Sheldr.

TWO FIRST VOLUMES.

"Sheldr. Sheldrake’s hprbal, on above one hundred large folio
copper-plates, drawn in the moll mallcrly manner from the ori-
ninals when in their higheft perfedlion. fol. [Plates not numbered.
lAny one therefore who.wifhes to make ufe of the references made
to thefe plates, muft number them with a pencil, m the order in
nvhich they are bound up. The figures of the plants occupy but a
n/ery fmall part of the plate. They are, however, very charadler-

siftic and chaftely coloured.] „ „ . i

Thunb. Thunberg flora Japonica. 1784. 8vo. [Plates 39.]

directions to the B I N.D E R.

VOLUME I.

Plate I. to front the Title Page.

Plate II. to front Page 29

VOLUME III.

Plate III. to front Page

Plate IV. to front Page

Plate V. to front Page

Plate VI. to front Page

Plate VII. to front Page

Plate VIII. to front Page

Plate IX. to front Page

Plate X. to front Page

Plate XI. to front Page

Plate XII. to front Page

Signature g in the third Volume is o

//. — -

-

k3

xciil

xcv

xcvii

...... c

cii

civ

evi

cviii

cx

cxii

nly Half a Sheet.

- Z5A-

errata

R R A

A.

Pagexxxii. lines. Read, L’Heretier.

xlii. line 22. For fol. read, 4to.

— xlviii. line 22. for Ekierifeos, read, Epicrifeos.
li. line 15. for Archiducata, read, Archiducatu.

^ Line 17. For apart, read, detatched.

Iviii. Petiveri pterigraphia, (inthelattcf

nail Or the 2d vol. of his works.)

— Sii^ read, Renealmi.

Ixui. line 4. For Veronenfi, read, Veronenfes.

^ After line 6, infert, Skeldr. Sheldrake.

Ixiv. line g. For umbilliferous, read, umbelliferous.

’'™- Editor of the German
edition of Blackwell. [See Blackwell.)

Line 23. After trew add, rar. Trew rariores &c
‘"be',wee”rte

3- line 18. After Ger. add, em.

- 6. line 12. For Veroni'ca, read, Vero'kmca.

9. meg for oblong, terminating, read, the termi-
nating fpike oblong.

”■ "*• '“d, iy Lot. oi/.

ha'^ E™/e feeble, aad

tnjert, with hairs in two oppofite lines

= id' VerSnI^^ I— •

&c. ,0

'"near, k{T b? Sir J. Culium,

low cart. n. 34. fafe,, m.

Line 7 from the bottom, e/icrfiiiooth, add, St

- qe' VALERI A Ni'T- I^r E'"'“'a.s, read, PnaL'aats.

Page

errata.

cxxxi

Page 41.

43-

44,
- 46,

•47

■ 48.
• 50-

56,

.58

67-

73-

Ess. Ch.vb. line 3. Erafe the lower ones without chives and
fointali, perfuaded that ftrudlure alone ought to diftin-
ffuifh thefe genera. St.

SCHCENUS cmprejfus. Line 2. For cornered;
flowers in the fpike, read, cornered. Spikets pointing
two oppofitc ways. Fence 1 leaf. Linn.

For iroron^ in the margin, read, /otonejv.

SCHCENUS a/iu5. References. Line 2. For Mich.

qi. 14. I, read, Mich. Cyperella I.

SCIRPUS. Ess. Char. Erafe the lower ones generally

producing chives and poinlal. ,• j • 1 ji

SCIRPUS palujtris. Line i\- AJier cylindrical, add,

For^S C I R P U S paucif'lorus, read, SCIRPUS paucifio'rus.
Line 2. For, with 2 valves as long as the empalement,
read, as long as the empalement, with 2 valves.
SCIRPUS acicularis. Line 2. For, confiftmg
valves, read, with two valves,
line 6. Erafe, whence Mr. Hudfon has very properly
omitted that circumftance in his fpecihc charadler.
s C I R p U S' mucronata5. References to figures, line 2.

For 9. 4- t'ead, 9-^4- , .

line 12 from the bottom. Read, Aonsnon^ ij

P A N I C U M DaSlylon. Paragraph 7 fliould follow

lineTfrom the bottom. For Llanperis, read, Wanberis.
AGROSTIS capillaris. Line i. For very flender, read,

WnTe. Dde [Salt marfhes, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.]
Lafllinebuty, For Denis, read, Danes. ^
line 6 from the bottom. For ripnes, read, ripens.

In the margin, in fome copies, for loer read, fUver
line 16. After With, erafe the remainder of that, line,

and the whole of the next,
line 6 from the bottom. For A. read Anders.

line 6. Read, upright; the lowemoft branches fometmes,^c.

Line 17. Read, P. errenaria, Retz. jeand. p. 16.— fGra-
NotT Une 2. Read, Poa retrofexa. (Curt. cat. n. 354-)

OBS.’lines. For or, read, ind. FES-

. 4ffer FESTUCA pinnata, add,- Hvns.— After t
CA fylvatiea, add,

In the margin, read, field. „ A . Cmm fife.

.79.

- 80.
-86.

.87.
■ 89.

.91.

- g6.
- 102

103

CXXXll

errata.

• ii6.

>'31.

132.

136.

137*

14,0.

143-

Rgc After C. B. add. rt.

*73. good. Mr. Woodward.]

A RUN DO PhragmUes. Line i. For fle.Kible, read, look.
line 22. For MmL read, Midi.

line a. Afla- T I LLM A, aU, Redihanka.
meg. For Cus'cuta, read, Cuscu'ta.
hne 22 After Jacq. add, Curt. cat. n. 905. St
Line 4 from the bottom. After Sauv. Jacq. add, Curt
cat. n. gog. St. ’ *

line ig. Before Ludw. infert. Curt. No. 48.

'spill-''” 493. 3.

Line 30. For fchalkey, read, chalky,
line 14 from the bottom. Read, including.
ine 5 from the bottom. For marina, read, naritima
hne 26. For fruifftalks, road, leaf.ftalka. ’

Cowa. i,

s.™ nndivMed. haft,

line 21. Before Curt, infert, Ludw. 146.—

(he remainder of the

line 8 F “ a "p /o/fcn,. Woodward

line 8. Read, Pm. Jcotl. Vu 39,

land .66. For CUS'CUTA, read, CVSCV'TA
ftapei «ad. SfoJC tube pitcher-

“"w .t 6. add.

Par. I, at the end, add, St,

Line 2 from the bottom, read, Mr. Martyn.

• 144-

■ 146.

147.

148.

149-

- 151.

- 152.

- 154-

- 158.

- 159.

- i6r.

" 165;

- 170.

- 181.

■ 200.

■ 202.

Poliis qnatemis. ovaib-lanceolatis. caule fimni:.-; -i ,•
tcialibus, 3 five 3-phyJlis. St. ^ PiJofo, racemis la-

Page

ERRATA.

; ge 2o3. line i8. Before Bkckn. infert, Curt. iv. 49,

— 211. line 21. Add, Dawlifh, Devonfliire. Mr. Mart yn.

— 212. line 19. After 5, ftrike out, I have not at hand, and infert,

P‘ 43*

— 216. line 10 from the bottom. Read, FI. dan. 189.

— 226. line 13 from the bottom. For Enville, read, Kinver,

Staffordfhire.

— 230. line 12 from the bottom. For Trittor, read, Fritten.

— 233. line 18. Read, Lantony.

— 248, Paragraph i, add, St.

Line 3 from the bottom. For leaf-flalks, read, fruit-ftalks.

— 262. line 20. For Boughton, read, Broughton.

— 282. line 16 from the bottom. Read, Mr. Wigg.

— 283. line 6. Dele, cop. in.

Line 18, For the terminotin^ rundle terminating, read, the
Rundle terminating.

Line 7. After 754, infert, leaver and Jlorels.

For J. B. iii. 6, read, J. B. iii. b.

Line 10. After charabfer, add, FI. dan. 754, the reduced
figure had.

Line 15 from the bottom, after 7m'«or, infert, _^ore Zaleo,
not luleolo, as printed in FI. fuec.

Line 14 from the bottom. Read, given in the FI. fuec.
and by Scop. For Libanotis minor apii folio albicans. Bauh.
pin. 157, cited in Fl. fuec. read, Daucus montanus apii, &c.
Bauh. pin. 150. — For Libanotis minor apii folio minor. Bauh.
pin. 157, as cited in Sp. pi. read, Daucus montanus apiifolio
minor. Bauh. pin. 150. — (Libanotis apiifolio minor. C. B.
157, who refers to Lob. obf. 402. 3, is, &c.

Line g. Erafe, Firft difcovered in Great Britain by
ATHAMANTA Oreofelinum to be erafed, and infert,
ATHAMANTA Libanotis only has been difcovered
in Great Britain, which is the plant found by Ray on
the Gogmagog Hills, and which Mr. Relhan firft clear-
ly afcertained to be A. Libanotis. Mr. Woodward,

— 284. Strike out the fecond and the three fucceeding lines.

— 334- line 5. Read, Roth.

— 338. After line 14, infert, Narthe'cium. (Hudf.) Blojf. 6

petals. Shaft o. Seeds with a tail at each end.

— 339* After line 9, infert, Tofield'ia. (Hudf.) Cupo. Blojf.

6 petals. Capf. 3 cells, 6 valves.

— 3^^* line 22, After force, add, Bot. Arr. ed. I.

407. In the margin, inr amphibian, read, amphibious,

— 410. line II. Read, Dod. 608. 2.

cxxxiii

Page

ERRATA

41 1. S. tj. line the laft, and 412. n.3. read petechide,

POLYGONUM penjylvanicum. References, Read,
Dod. 608. I,

443. line 2. Read, Gamblingay.

469. line 18. Read, Weathercoat.

Line 3 from the bottom, and 470, line 13 from the bot-
tom, read, Thunb.

478. CERASTIUM latifolium. Line i. Erafe-Sx,

479. line 10. For branches, read., floral-leaves.

481. SPERGULA. For 636, read, 638.

481. CERASTIUM tomentofum. Line 19. Read, in the

garden of Mr. Bonfoy of Ripton, whofe gardener,
Mr. Whitelock, now nurferyman at Fulham, af-
fured me, &c.

Line 22. After wild, add, and where we fearched for it,
but without fuccefs.

482. line 4. For round, read, cylindrical.

Line 9 from the bottom. Read, Mant. II. 390.

532. In the margin, txzk Tormentil, and read, y?/uery.

535. line 10 from the bottom. Rezd, Tormentilla erebla. Linn.

— officinalis. Curt. — Potentilla Tormentilla erebta. Scop,
Gi’c.

536. line 8 from the bottom. Erafe Potentilla reptans.

Line 6 from the bottom. For to make it, read, to make

T. reptans.

565. line 25. For round, read, cylindrical.

569. THALICTRUM alpinum. References. Line r.
For 166, read, 266.

Line 2. For 7, read, 20. ,

573. line I o. For aurko'mus, read, awrUcomus.

615. line 2. For 776, read, 778.

629. line 2. For Skul-cap, read. Skull-cap.

655. line 4. Erafe Shenftone Lane, &c. arid injert it at the end
of line II.

659. line 15 from the bottom, after roundifh, infert, lower lip
broad, the, &c.

664. Iine7. For Chei'ranthus, read, Cheir an'thus.

674. Line 19. Strike out, green and flightly hairy, in others, ,
very downy and white, and infert inflead thereof, very '3
downy and white; in others it is green and flightly .
hairy,

685. C A,R D AM I NE petraa. References. Read, Fl. dan. 386.
Lines. Read Pef. 50.3.— P/a^. 10 1. 3.

Line 5. Read, Moelyn rhud near Pheftiniog.

Page

errata;

page 6go. line 2. Read, About Worcefter.

6g8, 699 and 700. For Chei'ranthus, read, Cheiran'thus.

702. A R A B I S thaliana. References. Line 4. Read,
Cranlz. i. 3. 2, is A. JlriSfa.J

— y to. BRAS SIC A monenfis. References. Liner. Read,
Lightf. 15. I, ©’c.

752. line 8 from the bottom. After Linn. — infert, M. Ge-
rard, &c.

753. line 7,' infert, to Nov.

Line the laft, add, [to Sept. St.]

768. line 7. For 5S1, read, 781.

807. line 15. For 236, read, 233.

808. line 10. Read, turning i/ac/?, when, &c.

824. Strike out the 17th and i8th lines, and infert, 1022.

Santo li'na. Receptacle chafiy. Feather none. Cup tiled,
hemifpherical.

■ 833. line 2 from the bottom. For S O N C H U S alpinus,

read, S O N C H U S canadenfis. Fruit-ftalks rough
with hair. Flowers, &c,

837. lines. 5^2, read, 509.

847. HIERACIUM murorum. Ger. em. 304. i, imitated, Gfc.

848. 5 Reich, in fyjl. pi. — Leaves, &c.

859. line 6. Erafe About, &c. to Wood.

914. line 22. Strike out the [Marfhy, and the whole of the two

following lines, except, P. July. Aug.

921. line 24. After than 4, add, Blofs. have never feen of an

orange colour.

926. line 6. Read, Wolf's-hane.

951. line 23. For Bocon, read, Boccon.

964. lines 12. 27. Add St.

965. lines II. 18. Add St.

g8g. Line II from the bottom. Strike out, near Bath, and

infert, on Hinton Moor.

994. line 10. For lips, read, tips.

1000. line 4 from the bottom, for fuperior, read, inferior.

1008. After line 9, infert, 106. Eriocau'lon. Blofs.

tals. Cup compound. Seed i, crowned by the blofs.

1008, io6g, 1071. Fot Ur'tica, read,_URTi'cA.

1023. line 2 from the bottom, in the note, read, many cat-
kins.

1024. SPARGANIUM fmplex. Line 4« Rsud, i catkin.

1025. line 2. Read, i catkin.

cxxxv

!

■i

.,7

RULES

\

RuLEs/ar^Ae Pronunciation
of the L I N N iE A N Names.

1 . T H E Englifh reader is defired to obferve, that the
accent, or the force of the voice, is to be thrown
upon that fyllable or letter which precedes the mark.
Thus in Ar'butus the Ar is to be the accented or ftrong-

' ly founded fyllable, and not the bu, as is commonly,
though erroneoufly, the cafe.

2. That the letter e at the end of a name is always to be
founded, thus the word Elat'ine is to be pronounced
E-lat'-ti-ne, with four fyllables, and not E-la-tine.

3. That in \yords ending in ideSf the i is always to be
pronounced long.

4. That ch is to be pronounced hard, like the letter k.

5. That in words beginning with fee and fei, the c is to
be pronounced foft ; though it is allowed that fome
few words derived from the Greek are exceptions to
this rule.

6. That in fuch words as have fch, the c is to be pro-
nounced hard. Thus Schce'nus is to be pronounced as
if it were written Ske'-nus.

7. That c and g, before e and i, and before ee and <?, are
to be pronounced foft, but before the other vowels
and diphthongs, hard.

INDEX.

I

N

D

E X

N. B. The Latin Genera are printed in capitals, the Engllfh in
roman, and the common, or provincial Englllh names, in italic.

A BeleTree

-TV A'CER

1121

Allfeed

1147

ALOPECU'RUS

ACHILLE'A

940

ALSI'NE

AC'ORUS

357

ALTH^'A

ACTAil'A

546

Amaranth

ADO'NIS

570

AMARANTHUS ....

Adonis ftcfwer

571

ANAGAL'LIS

ADOX'A

417

ANCHU'SA

.EGOPO'DIUM

316

ANDROM'EDA

/ETHU'SA

300

ANEMO'NE

Aglet headed Rujh

46

Anemone

AGRIMO'NIA

490

ANE'THUM

Agrimony

ihid.

ANGELICA

AGROSTExM'MA ....

471

Angelica

AGRO'STIS .'.....

69

588

Anile

A'JUGA

AN'THEMIS

A'lRA

76

ANTHER'ICUM

ALCHEMIL'LA ........

i6i

ANTHOXAN'THUM

Alder

240

ANTHYL'LIS

Alder

1067

ANTIRRHl'NUM ....

Alehoof

604

ATHANES

Alexanders

310

A'PIUM

ALIS'MA

380

Apple Tree

Alijfanders ....,

310

AQUILE'GIA

Alkanet

191

AR'ABIS :...

AL'LI-UM

342

AR'BUTUS

Allgood

Allheal

Allfeed

251

607

133

256

Archangel

ARCTIUM

ARENA'RTA

All feed

Argentine

330

ihid„

25

Afgen-

cxxxvm

index

ARISTOLOCH'IA ....

1003

Arrow-head

1079

Arrow-headed Grafs ....

378

Arrow- grafs

ibid.

Arfmart

409

ARTEMISIA

889

A'RUM • 1004,

lOI I

ARUNDO

J16

Afarabacca

488

AS'ARUM

488

AHr

1149

Afli Tree

1 150

Afhweed

316

Afp

1122

ASPARAGUS

352

Afpar.^us

ibid.

Afpen Uree

1122

ASPERU'GO

197

ASPER'ULA

158

ASTER

9^5

ASTRAGALUS

786

ATHAMANTA

282

ATRIPLEX

1142

ATROPA

232

AVE'NA

1 12

Avens

5.39

Awlwort

667

AZAL'EA

212

Bald or Bawd Money ....

301

BALLO'TA

615

Baneberry

546

Bank Crejfes

695

Barberry

365

Barley

125

BART'SIA

632

Bafe Hore- hound

614

Bafe Rockelt

494

Bafilweed

620

M

556

Baflard Alkane t

190

Ba(la?-d Afphodel

351

Baflard Balm

628

Ba'ftard Cbickweed ....

164

Baflard Crefs

674

Baflard Gromill .........

Baflard Hellebore

... 997

Baflard Pellitory

... 941

Baflard Pimpernel

... 141

Baflard Plaintain

.. 656

Baflard Stone Parjley ..

.. 294

Baflard dbadjiax '

.. 247

Batchelors-buttons

945

Baum

Baum-leaf

Bay-leaved Willow

Bearded iivild Oats -

.. 114

Bear Berries

Bearsfoot

Bears foot

Bear Whortle Berries ..,

.. 428

Beech

Beech “Tree

00

0

Bee-flower

• 994

Bee Orchis

• 993

Beet !

• 257

Bell-flower

• 215

BEL'LIS

. 926

Bennet

• 537

Bent

. 69

BER'BERIS

■ 3^5

Berry-bearing Chickweed

453

BETA

257

Bethlemftar

346

BETON'ICA

611

Betony

61 1

BETULA

1065

BEDENS

, 882

Bilberries

394

Bindweed

212

Birch

1065

Birch Tree

1061

Birdgrafs

86

Birds Cherry

506

Birds -eye

205

Birds-eye

ibid.

Birds-foot

782

Birds-nefl

274

Birds-neft

424

Birds-

INDEX; cxxxix

Birds-nejl

984

Birds-tongue

913

Birds-foot 'Trefoil

791

Birk

1066

Birthwort

1003

Bitter Crejfes

689

Bitter-fweet

235

Bitter Vetch

769

Bladder-nut

321

Bladder-fnout

18

Black-berried Heath

nil

Black berry Bifh

528

Black-berry-bearing Alder

240

Black Bindiejeed

415

Black Briony

1120

Black Bullace Tree

509

Black Cheny Tree

508

Black Poplar

1122

Black-thorn

509

Black Whortle Berries ....

394

Black Worts

394

Blea-berries

394

Blinks

13*

Blood-wort

147

Blood-zvort

370

Bloody-men's fingers ....

1012

Blue Bottles

945

Bogrujh, black headed ....

42

Borage

1^6

BORA'GO

ibid

Box

1068

Bramble

525

Bramble

528

Branks

4 ^ 4

BRAS'SICA

706

BRFZA

92

Broad-leaved Peafe Ever-

^afling

773

Brome-grafs

103

BRO'MUS

ibid

Brooklime

le

Brookweed

221

Broom

75^

Broomrape „

657

Bruije-imrt

Bryony

BRYO'NIA

Buckbean

Bucke

Buckskorn

Buckthorn

Buck Wheat

Buddie

BUFO'NIA

Bugle

Bugle..

Buglofs

Buglofs Cozvslips

Bullace

Bull-rujh

Bumhlekites

BU'NIA5

BU'NIUM

BUPLEU'RUM

Burdock

Bur Gold Dock ...

Burnet

Burnet Rofe

Burr

Burr-weed

Butcher's Broom ....

BU'TOMUS

Butter and Eggs ....

Butterhurr

Butter Cups ..........

ButterJiozQ}er

Butter-jags

ButterWort

BUX'US

Cabbage

Calamint

Calamus

Calathian Violet ....

Calf's Snout

Call me to you

CALLIT'RICHE

C A I/TH A

Camline,...

439

20c;

414

145

239

414

93«

164.

589

588

198

194

508

48

528

716

275

267

864

371

1081

1023

”33

419

649

907

575. 576

ibid, ibid

807

16

1068

706

626

357

261

650

958

4

582

665

Cam-

cxl

I

N D E X

Cammock

CAMPANULA .

215

Campion

445

Canary

65

Can-dock

555

Candy-tuft

Canterbury Bells

Capons- 1 ail -gr of s

99

Caraway

311

CA'REX

...... 1025

CARDAMINE ..

684

CAR'DUUS

868

Cardinal-flower

CARLl-NA

880

Carline

Carnation

C AR'PINUS

Carrot

CxARUM

Catchfly

448

Catchxveed

Catchweed

Cats-ear

Cats foot

Catsfoot

Catsfoot

Cat Mint

Cats-milk

Cat's-tail

CAU'CALIS

Celandine

CENTAU'REA ...

Centory

CENTUN'CULUS
CERAS'TllJM ...

604

895

947

594

497
102 1
270

547

943

237

141

476

CE'RATOPHYL'LUM 1076

Cbadloch 71:^

CH-'EROPHYL'LUM 306

Chafemed 899

Chaff'weed 141

Charlock 713

Chamomile 933

CHA'RA 1013

Cheeje lien: nr

155

CHIERAN'THUS ....
CHELIDO'NITJM ....
CHENOPO'DIUM ....

Chequered Daffodil

CHERLE'RIA

Chervil

Chefnut 'Tree

Chickling Vetch

Chickz&eed

Chickweed

Chickxveed Breakjlone ....

Chickweed ivy

Chickxveed upright

Childing Pinks

Childing SxQjeet Williams

CHIRO'NIA

CHLO'RA

CHRYSANTHEMUM

CHRYSOSPLE'NIUM

Churn-Jlaff

Cicely

CICHO'RIUM

CICUTA

CINERA'RIA

Cinquefoil

Cinquefoil

Cinquefoil

Ciphian Rofe

CiRCiE'A

CISTUS

Ciftus

698

547

25^

346

462

306

1087

773

14
323

170

15

ibid

237

392

928

404

497

500

862

299

919

162

531

335

523

22

Clar)’ wild

Claver

Cleavers

CLE'MATIS

CLINOPO'DIUM

Clivers

Clott-hurr

Clott-weed

Cloud-berries

Clove July Floxver .

Clove Pink

Clover-grafs

Cloicns Allheal

• •••

22

804

620

\57

864

1073

529

. 441
. ibid

' 795

613

Clowns

INDEX. cxli

Clowm IVoumfwort'

613

Club-grafs

46

Club-rufh

ibid

COCHLEA'RIA

677

Cockle

471

Cocks-comb

635

Cocks-j'oot

57

Cocks-foot

93

Cocks-head

786

Cocks-head

ibid

Codded Corn Violet

220

Codded Moufe-ear

702

Coddlin^rs and Cream ....

389

COL'CHICUM

379

Colewort

718

Colts-foot

904

Columbine -

562

CO'MARUM

540

Comfrey

*95

Common Avens

537

Common Chervil

305

Common Englijh Mercury

251

Common Germander

592

Common Malloxv

73^

Common Melilot

790

Common Nigbtjhade

236

Common Pink 441

.444

Common Sallozv

1 107

Common Sorrell

376

Common Y'elloiv Vetcliling

772

Common WIntlow-grafs

668

■ Common wild Cherry tree

507

Common wild Orache

254

CO'NIUM

277

CONVALLA'RIA ....

353

CONVOL'VULUS ....

212

CONY'ZA

900

Cop Rofe

552

Coralwort

683

Coriander

302

CORIAN'DRUM

302

Corn-berries

395

Corn Cale

7*3

Cornel

160

Vol. III.

Cornflmver

945

Corn Marigold

930

Corn Parjley

295

Corn Rofe

552

Corn Sallad

37

COR'NUS

160

Cornwall Saxifrage

290

CORRIGIO'LA

322

COR'YLUS

1090

Cotton gp Is

52

Cotton-weed

886

Cotton ‘Thil'lle

879

COTYLE'DON

463

Couch-grafs

1 29

Cowbane

299

Cozv Clover

795

Cowgrafs

637

Cozvs Lungwort

224

Cow Parjley

307

Cow Parfnep

288

Cow quakes

93

Cozv slips

203

Cozvslips of JeruJalem ....

194

Cow Weed

307

Cozv xvhedt

637

Crab 'Tree

5r;

Crake berries ;....

II 1 1

Crake Needle

304

CRAM'BE

7 18

Cran-berries

395

Cranesbill

722

Crap

I2I

Crap

414

CRAT/E'GUS

510

Creeping Moufe-ear ....

845

Creeping Water Parjnep

293

CRE'PIS

852

Crefl'et

666

Crejfe Rockett

ibid

Crimfon grafs Vetch

770

CRITH'MUM

286

CROCUS

37

Crofs-wort

149

Crofs-wort -.

**39

1 Crojswort

cxlii

INDEX

Crojsworl Madder 156

Crow-berry 1110

Grow-Jtower 473

Crow-foot 571

Cucl^ow-bread 469

Cuckow-flower 473

Cuckow-Jlower 689

Cuckow-meat 470

Cuckow-pint 10 ii

Cuckorv Sorrel 470

CUCU'BALUS 445

Cudweed 893

Cudweed 899

Currant 242

CUSCUTA 165

CYNOGLOS'SUM .... 192

CYNOSU'RUS 94

CYPE'RUS 44

Cy perns, bajlard 42

Cyperus brown ibid

Cyphel 462

Cyphel 502

CYPRIPE'DIUM 1001

DAC'TYLIS 93

Daffodil 34?

Daify 926

Damewort 700

Dandelion 838

Dandelion 853

Danewort 319

DAPH'NE 402

Dar-nel 161, 102

Darnel 120

DATU'RA 230

DAUCUS 274

Dead Arfmart

Deadly Nightjhade . 233

Dead ’Tongue 297

Dee Nettle 603

Deers hair 47

DELPHIN'IUM 560

DENTA'RIA 683

Devils-bit 139

Dexf-berry Bujli 526

DIANTHUS 440

DIGITA'LIS 654

Dill 31 1

DIP'SACUS 137

Dittander 670

Dittander Pepperwort .... 671

Dock 369

Dock Creffes 862

Dodder 165

Dogbeny tree 160

Dogs-grafs .129

Dogs Mercury **25

T>og Rofe 523

Dogs Rofe 524

Dogs-tail 94

Dogs Violet 93 c

DORO'NICUM 925

Double-tooth 882

Doves -foot 731

DRA'BA 668

Drank 1 2 1

Dropwort 296

Dropwort 518

DRO'SERA 331

DRY'AS 539

Duck-^meat 1019

Dutch Agrimony 885

Dutch Clover 793

Dutch Myrtle 1116

Dwale 232

Diesarf hay 402

Dwarf Clubrujh 47

DxmrfCiJlus 339

Dwarf Eider 319

Dwarf honeyfuckle .... 161

Dxmrf Wdd Flax 330

Dway-berries 233

Dyers Weed 403

Dyers Weed 738

Earth C.hefnut 277

Earth Nut Udd

ECHINOPH'ORA .... 268

EC'HIUM 199

Eglantine 321

ELAT'INE

I N D

ELATINE

pMpr

418

.V9

922

Elecampane

Flm

258

124

EL'YMUS

EM'PETRUM

mo

Enchanters-wort

22

Endive

862

Encrlifk Galin^ale

. 45

En^Ufk Hyacinth

356

EnM [oft or gentle Thtjlle b'j’j

EPILO'BIUM

■ 3«7

ERI'CA

- 396

ERIG'ERON

. 902

E'RIOCAU'LON

. 1062

ERIOPH'ORUM

> 52

ER'VUM

. 780

ERYNG'IUM

. 263

Eryngo

, ibid

ERYS'IMUM

• 695

EUPATO'RIUM

, 884

EUPHORBIA

• 494

EUPHRA'SIA

• 535

Everlajling

. 894

EVON'YMUS

. 241

Eye-bright

. 635

FA'GUS

, 1086

Fair Maids of February

340

Fat-hen

. 1144

Feaberry

. 243

Feather-grai's

. 1 1 1

Feather-toil

. 207

Felwort

. 260

Felwort

. 262

Female Fooljlones

• 97*

Female-handed Oixhis ...

• 977

Fen-berries

• 395

Fefcue

FESTU'CA

. ibid

Fetch

Feverfew

FICA'RIA

•• 579

Fiddle Dock

•• 373

Field Marjoram

„ 622

E X.

cxliii

Figwort

FILA'GO

Fine-leaved bajlard Parjley 27 1

Fir

Five-leaved Grafs ..

535

Flaff

Flax

Flaxweed

Flea-bane

Flea-wort

Flix-xveed

Floating Clubrufh

Flote-grafs

Flower de luce

39. 4*

Flowering Rujh

420

Fluellin

Fly Orchis

992

Fold Meadowgrafs .

86

Fools Parjley

Fountain Chickweed .

458

Fowl-grafs

86

Fowl Meadowgrafs

86

Foxglove

Foxtail

Foxtail Grafs

59

FRAGA'RIA

529

Framboife

FRANKE'NIA

367

Frankwort

367

FRAX'INUS

1149

French Lungwort

848

French Mercury .....

French Wheat

Frejh Water Soldier

.... 564

Friars Crown

875

Fringed Water Lily

206

FRiTILLA'RIA .

345

Fritillary

Frog-bit

Frogs Lettuce

FUMA'RIA

Fumitory

GALAN'THUS ,

340

Gale iim.!. ••••••••"■

1 2

GALF-

cxliv

INDEX.

GALEOB'DOLON.... 6io

GALEOP'SIS 607

Galingale 44

GAL'IUM 149

Garlick. 342

Gat ten ''Tree 160

Gutter Tree ihid.

Gatteridge Tree 241

Gentian ,.... 261

GENTIA'NA ibid

GENIS'TA 758

GERA'NIUM 722

Germander 590

Germander xvild 13, 14

German Knotgrafs ........ 437

German Madwort 198

GE'UM' 537

Giant d hroatwort ,218

Gill 603

Gil li- dower 698

Gladdon, or Gladwyn .... 40

Gladiole 419

Glal'svyort 3

Glaf.'Wort 258

GLAU'X 246

GLECHO'MA 603

Globe-flower 380

GNAPHAL'IUM 893

Goats-beard 827

Gold Cup 575

Gold of Pleafure 666

Golden Lungwort 848

Golden Rod 917

Golden Samphire 925

Golden Saxijrage 406

Golddocks 573

Goldins 928

Goldins 930

Good Henry 251

Good King Henry ibid

Goofeberry 244

. Goof Coin 361

Goofefoot 25 1

Gcofegrafs 532

Goofegrafs 149, 157

Goofegmfs .' 1139

Goofe Tanfey 532

Goof e Tongue 911

Gorze 760

Go-t'o-bed at Noon 828

Goulans 930

Goule 1 1 1 6

Gou tweed 316

Grafs of Parnajjus 325

Grafspoly 489

Grafspoly 490

Grafswrack 1004

Graymill 189

Great baflard Madder .... 156

Great Bilberry Bujh .... 394

Great Burnet 148

Great Burnet Saxifrage 314

Great Cat stall 1022

Great Figzvort 652

Great Fleabane 901

Great Goofegrafs 198

Great hairy Willowherb 389

Great Henbit 606

Great Knapweed 946

Great Spearwort 572

Great fivect Chervil 303

Great Throatwort 49

Great Toothwort 642

Great Water Parfnep .... 292

Great wild Climber 568

Greater Biflort 407

Greater Celandine 547

Greater Daify 929

Greater Water Caltrops 174

Greeds 1020

Greek Valerian 215

Greenweed 713^

Greenwood ibid.

397

Lirowill i3q

Gromvvell ibid

Ground AJk :^i6

Ground Furze 763

Hairy

I N

Ground Iiy

Ground Pine

Groundl'el

Guelder Rofe

Guinea Hen-Jlower

Gypfiewort

Hairgrafs

Hairy Kidneyzi'ort

Hairy Sheeps Scabious ....

Hard-beam Tree

Hard-heads

Hard-grafs ;

Hard Irons

Harebell

Harejlrong

Hares-ear

Hares -foot

Hares-foot Trefoil

Hares Lettuce

Hares-tail Ilufh

Harts Clover

Hartshorn

Hartwort

Hafel

Hafel-nut Tree

Hather

Hawks-beard

Hawk Nut

Hawkweed

Hawthorn

Hawthorn

Hcadwark

Heart Clover

Heartseafe

Heart Trefoil

Heath

Heath Matweed

HED'ERA

Hed^e Mu flard

Hedge Nettle

Hecge Parfley

HEDYS'ARUM

Hellebore

Heileborine

D

E X.

cxiv

604

HELLEB'ORUS ...

590

Helme

go8

Hemlock

319

Hemp Acrimony

885

346

Hempweed

884

19

Henbane

76

Henbit

431

Henbit fmall

949

Hensfoot

1089

Heptree

944

HERACLE'UM ..

122

Herb Bennet

944

Herb Chrijlopher

356

Herb Gerard

284

Herb Paris

132

Herb Robert

798

Plerb Trinity

958

ibid.

Herb Twopence ..

832

HERNIA'RIA

52

HES'PERIS

790

HIERA'ClUM

145

High Taper

269

Hind Berry

1090

HIPPOCRE'PIS ..

1091

Hippophae

397

HIPPU'RIS

852

Hogs Fennel

277

Hpgweed

844

HOL'CUS

1137

510

Holly

512

HOLOSTEUM ..

132

.'552

Honejly .'

568

809

Honewort

9,')8

Ploneyl'uckle .......

809

Honeyjuckle Tref oil ..

795

396

Hooded I'Villowherb ..

.54

Hop

244

Hops

<^95

HUR'DEUM

125

613

Horehound

273

Horehound Water ..

7^5

Horned Pondweed .,

581

Horn-beam

996

Horn-beam Tree

Jack

Gxlvi INDEX.

Horn-beech Tree

Hornweed

Horfebane

Ho}'fe Beech Tree

Horfeknops

Horfe Radijh

Horfe-flaoe

HOTTO'NIA

Hounds-herry

Hounds-tongue

Homds-tree

Houfe-leek

Hover

HU'MULUS

Hunger Weed

Hurr-hurr

Hurtle-berries

Hurt Sickle

Hyacinth

HVACIN'THUS

HYDRO'CHARIS ....
HYDROCOT'YLE ....

HYOSCY'AMUS

HYOS'ERIS

HYPER'ICUM

HYPOCH^'RIS

jfack by the Hedge

)acobsladdqr

)ASI0'NE

I'BERIS

FLEX

JLLEC'EBRUM

JMPA'TIENS

IMPERATORIA ....

INULA

I'RIS

Irijh Worts

I'SATIS

JUN'CUS

Juniper

Juniper Tree

jUNIP'ERUS

Jur-mt

Ivy

1089

IC76

298

10^

944

68i

783

207

160

192

160

501

1 14
1117

^77

864

394

945

356

33*5

1 127
265

231

856

812

858

697

214
948
682
1 68

245

961

308

922

39

426

717

358

1 1 28

1129

1128

277

244

Ivy-leaf 836

Kelpwort 257

Kernelwort 65 2

Kex 278

Kidney Vetch 765

Kidneywort 464

Kings Clover 79a

Kings-fpear 350

er Nut 277

Kifs at the Garden Gate 958

Knapweed 943

Knawel 436

Kneedgrafs 56

Knee Holly 1 133

Knolles 708

Knapweed 944

Knot-berries 529

Knotgrafs 245

Knout Bernes «;29

LACTU'CA 834

Ladder to Heaven 215

Ladies Cujhion 436

Ladies-finger 765

Ladies Foxglove 224

Ladies-hair 93

Ladies-mantle 161

Ladiefmock 6S4

Ladies-flipper 1001

Lady-feal 1119

Ladies Thijlle 875

Ladies Traces 67

Lakevueed , 409

Lakeweed 1013

Lambs Lettuce 37

Lambs Tongue 143

Lambs Qjxarters ^144

LA'MIUM 604

Lancajhire Afphodel 35 1

Lang de boeuf 830

LAP'S ANA 861

Lark-heel 361

Larksclaw ibid

Larkfpur 560

Larkstoes 561

Late

INDEX.

cxivii

Late-flozvering Orchis .... 970

LATHR^'A 642

LATH’YRUS 769

LAVATE'RA 743

Leajl Chickweed 459

Lea ft Goofegrafs 154

Leafl Rupturewort 330

Leajl Rujh 50

Leajl Stitchwort 17 1

Leajl upright Cluhrujh .... 48

Leajl Water Parfnep .... 295

LEM'NA 1019

LEON'TODON 838

LEONU'RUS 618

Leopaids-bane 925

LEPID'IUM 670

Lejfer Burdock 1074

Lejfer Celandine 579

Leffer Centory 238

Lejfer Hemlock 301

Lejfer Spearzejort 572

Lejfer Venus Looking-glafs 220
Lejfer Water Caltrops 173

Lettuce 834

LIGUSTICUM 289

LIGUS'TRUM 7

Lily oj the Valley.,. 354

Lime 556

Lime-grafs 124

Lime Tree 556

LIMOSEL'LA 656

Linden Tree «;£;6

Liner QQfj

LENUM 328

Liquorice Vetch 787

LITHOSPER'MUAl 189
Little Field Madder..., 160

Little Sunfioxmr 559

Little Throatwort 219

LITTOREL'LA 1064

Live-Jor-ever 894

Lizard Jlower 970

LOBE'LIA 950

Locker Gowlans 580

194

300

860

re. 2

LO'LIUM 120

London Pride 432

LONICE'RA .... 222

Long-leaved Corn Spurge 499
Long-leaved purple Trefoil 797
Long-leaved Sage of Je-

rufalem

Long-leaved Water Hem

lock

Long-rooted Hawkweed
Long fmooth - headed

Poppy

Loofeftrife 2^

Lords and Ladies 1012

LO TUS 804

Loufeberry 24 r

Loufewort 643

Lovage 289

Love in idlenefs 958

Lucern 807

Lungwort 193

Lungxwrt 642

LYCH'NIS 473

LYCOP'SIS 198

LYC'OPUS 19

LYSIMA'CHIA 208

LY'THRUM 489

Madder 148

Madder 125

Madnefs 288

Madwort Mountain 13

Maiden Pink 442

Makinboy 499

Male Fool-jtones 972

Male-handed Orchis .gy6

Alale Pimpernel 211

Mallow -736

MAL'VA 736

Maple 1147

Maple 1148

Mare’s-tail 2

Marjoram 621

Marie Grafs 797

Marram 1 19

mar-

cxlviii

INDEX.

Marjh Ciflus

Marjk Samphire

Marjh ‘Trefoil

Marjk Whortle-berries ....

Matted Sea Lavender

Mauls

May

Meadow Saffron

Medlar

Medlar Lree

MELAMPY'RUM
Melic

617

MENTHA

595

263

MENYANTHES ....

205

541

MERCURIA'LIS

1124

425

Mercury

251

206

Mercury

1 124

261

MES'PILUS

515

038

Meu

301

425

Mezereon

402

540

Middle Heabane

923

736

MIL'IUM

68

583

Miljoil

942

3

Milfoil

1077

206

Milk T/uJlle

875

395

Milkweed

280

395

Milkweed

832

308

Milkwort

754

54

Millet

68

939

Millet Cyperus Grafs ....

51

944

Millet Grafs ....;

69

93'

Mill-mountain

330

327

Mint

596

•54

Mithridate Mu (lard

674

738

Miffel

1 1 12

512

Miffeltoe

1112

354

Moneyxeiort

210

508

Moneywort

655

582

MONOT'ROPA

424

85

MON'TIA

473

Moor-berries

395

570

Moon-JioxQjer

929

380

Moor-grafs

83

285

Moor-grafs

331

518

Moorwort

425

3 18

Mofchatei

417

806

Mofs-berries

395

ibid

Mofs-crops

52

515

Mofs Rujk

361

ibid

Mother of Thyme

623

637

Motherwort

6j8

.80

Moufe-ear

476

ibid

Moufe-tail

335

8g8

Mountain Afk

5'3

625

Mountain Ofer

I ]o6

627

Mountain Stone Parjlcy

283

Mountain

cxlix

INDEX.

Mountain Saffron

350

Onc-berry

417

Mudweed

656

ONO'NIS

762

879

Miigzveed

149

ONOPOR'DUM

Mu<rzveed

1 140

O'PHYRS

983

Mu^Xi'ort

892

222

Orache

1 142

OR'CHIS

967

621

Muff! Orchis

991

ORIG'ANUM

Mufked Cranesbill

12^

ornithog^alum

346

Mnfcovy

ibid

ORNl'THOPUS

782

Muftard

712

OROBAN'CHE

6.57

MY'AGRUM

665

OR'OBUS

767

MVnSD'TT.S

188

OJier

1108

MYOSU'RUS

335 >

Owler

1067

MYRl'CA

1115

OX'ALIS

469

MYRIOPHYL'LUM

1077

Ox-eye

929

Myrtlefag

357

Ox-heel

582

Myrtlegrafs

ibid

Oxdip

203

Nailwort

668

Ox-tongue

829

Nape

707

Paddoiiupjpe

2

NARCIS'SUS

341

Pagils

203

NAR'DUS

54

Pagles

ibid

Narrowleaved Pea fe Ever-
la (ling

772

Painted-cup

Painted Lady-grafs

632

67

Narrow-leaved Pondweed

408

Paintinsr-root

190

NARTHE'CiUM ....

350

Panick

55

Navelwort

463

Panick

68

Needle Furze

759

PAN'ICUM

55

Nettle

1069

Panfies

958

Nettle ‘Hemp

608

PAPA'VER

550

Nep

593

PARIETA'RIA

1 141

NEPETA

ibid

PA'RIS

416

Nightfhade

235

Park-leaves

812

Niglitjhade Inchanters ....

23, 24

PARNAS'SIA

324

Nipplewort

. 861

Parnaflfia

ibid

None-fo-pretty

- 432

Parfley

315

NYMPHiE'A

■ 554

Parfley picrt

163

Oak

. 1083

Parfley piert

167

Oak ‘Free

. 1084

Parfnep

309

Oat

. 1 12

Paffe Flower

565

Oatgrafs

. 105

PASTINA'C A

309

OENANTHE

. 296

Paj^ue Flower

5^5

Oiler

. 1067

Pauls Betony

12

VoL III.

Pea

m

n66

Pear

cl

index.

Pear 516

Pear Tree 516

Pearl-wort 169

Peafeling 767

pe;dicula^ris 643

Pellitory 1141

PellitoryoftheWall.... ibid

Penny Crefs 673

Pennyrrafs 635

Pennyroyal 60.2

Pennywort 26<>

PEFLIS 368

Perennial Clover 797

Perennial Willoiv - leaved

Arfmart 408

Periwinkle 248

Pejlilent-ivort 907

Pettigree 1132

Petty Muguet 15 c:

Petty Whin nrq

Petty Whin 76?

PEUCED'ANUM 284

PHALARIS 65

Pheafant-eye 570

PHELLAN'DRIUM • 208

PHLE'UM 61

PHYTEU'MA 220

PI'CRIS 820

Pignut 275

Pilewort rnn

P‘Ks nj

Pjl-corn ihid

Pimpernel 210

Pimpernel Rofe . 323

Pimpernel xmter 12

PIMPINEL'LA 3 13

PINGUIC'ULA ” 16

Pink 440

Pi^us 1092

Pipperidge-bujh 366

Pipewort 1062

Pifs-a-hed

prsuM... 766

PLANTA'GO r42

Plantain ibid

Pliant Mealytree 318

Plowmans Spikenard .... 901

Plowmans-wort goo

Piumb 306

Plumb Tree cqS

POA V

POLEMO'NIUM .... 214

Poley Mountain 42^

POLYCARTON

POLYGALA 7S

POLYG'ONUM 406

Pondweed jyj

Poor-mans Pepper 67 1

Popiar 112a

POP'ULUS ibid

Poppy 55a

POTAMOGETON.... 171

POTENTIAL A coj

POTERIUM iSi

Pot Marjoram 622

PRENAN'THES 836

Pricking large Sea Rujh 358

Pricklenep 268

Prickly Glafswort 258

Prick Madam 466

Prick Timber

Prick Timber Tree 241

Prickwood

Prickwood o/ir

Prim

Primrofe * 20-?

Z 204

Rnmrofe roots 424

PRI'MULA 202

Princes Feather 433

Privet ;;;;

Privet Ibid

PRUNEL'LA 62X

PRU'NUS ■; .^6

PULMONA'RIA \g.

Purging Flax 330

Purple

I N D E X;

cli

Purple Birds-neH 978

Purple-flowered Moneywort 2 1 1
Purple-fpiked Loofeflrife 489
Purple-jpiked Willow-herb 489

Purple Spurrey 459

Purple Trefoil 795

Purfiane 368

PY'ROLA 429

PV'R US 516

Quake-.grafs 92

Qiieen of the Meadozvs .... 519

QUER'CUS 1083

Quicken Tree 513

Quick-hn-hand 962

Quitch-grafs 129

Radifh 715

Ragged Robin 473

Ragxmrt 912

Rampion 220

Ramfons 345

RANUN'CULUS 571

Rape 707

RAPH'ANUS 715

Rajh-berries 394

Rafpberry Bufh ............ 525

Rafpis ibid

Rattle 634

Ray-grafs 121

Red-flowered Wild Campion 474
Red German Catchfly .... ibid

Red Maithes 571

Red Morocco ibid

Red Poppy 352

Red-rot 331

Redfhanks 132

Red Whortie-berries 395

Reed 67, 85

Reed 1 1 6

Reed Mace 1022

RESE'DA 492

Reftharrow 762

RHAM'NUS 239

RHINAN'THUS 604

RHODl'OLA 1123

Rl'BES 242

Ribgrafs 144

Ribwort ibid

Roan Tree 513

Robin run in the Hedge 604

Rock Crefs 683

Rocket 716

Roman Chamomile 936

RO'SA 320

Rofa Solis 331

Rofe 320

Rofebay 212

Rofebay Willowherb 388

Rofe-root 1124

Rofevvort 1^23

ROTTBOULIA 122

Rough-headed Popppy .... 351
Rough Succory Hawkweed 835
Round-leaved Water Crow-
foot 574

RU'BIA 148

RU'BUS 325

Rue-weed 368

Rue Whitlowgrafs 435

RU'MEX 369

RUP'PIA 177

Rupturewort 250

RUS'CUS 1132

Rufli 358

Rufhgrafs 41

Ryegrafs 121, 126

Sage 21

SAGI'NA 169

SAGITTA'RIA 1079

Saffron 37

Saintfoin 785

Salfern 190

SALICOR'NIA 3

SA'LIX 1099

Sallow 1106

Sallow-thorn 1114

Salfafy 828

SAL'SOLA 257

Saltwort 3

m 2 Salt-

Saltwort

SAL'VIA

SAMBU'CUS

SAM’OLUS

Samphire

Sandwort

SANGUISOR'BA ....

Sanicle

SANIC'ULA

Savicle Torkfhtre

SANTOLI'NA

SAPONA'RIA

Satyrion

SATYR'IUM

Sauce-alone

Saw-wort

SAXIFRAGA

Saxt^raze

oaxilrage

SCABIO'SA

Scabious

SCAN'DIX

Sea Holly

Sea Parfnep

SCHCE'NUS

SCIL'LA

SCIR'PUS

SCLERAN'THUS ....
Scorpiongrafs ............

Scotch Afphodel

Scotlijk Scurvygrajs

Scotttjh Sea Parjley .;

Scramblinir Rocket

Scrooby Grafs

Scivzs:

SCROPHULA'RIA ....

Scurvy-grafs ;

SCUTELLA'RIA ....

Sea Buck- thorn

Sea Buglofs

Sea Cabbage ;

Sea Colesaort

Sea C'jiect'crt

Sea Cokxoort

246

21

319

221

286

4.5^

147

266

266

16

886

438

979

ibid

697

865

430

3E3

430

139

E39

303

264

268

4r

348

46

436

188

377

214

289

695

678

509

651
677
629
1 1 15

194

709

214

709

7J9

Sea Cudweed

Sea Cujhion

Sea Gilliflower

Sea Grafs .

Sea Hard Rujh

Sea Matz&eed

Sea Milkwort

Sea Purjlane

Sea Starxvort

Sea Wheat-grafs

Sea Wormwood

SE'DUM

Self-heal

SELI'NUM

SEMPERVPVUM .

SENE'CIO

Sengreen

Septjbil

SERA'PIAS

SERRA'TULA

Service

SESLE'RIA

Settenmrt

Sharp-pointed Fluellin .

Sheeps-bit

Sheeps Sorrell

Shepherds-needle

Shepherds Pouch .........

Shepherds Purfe

Shepherds Purfe

Shepherds Rod

Shepherds Staff

SHERAR'DIA

Shoreweed

Shrub Stone-c7'op

SIBBAL'DIA

SIBTHOR'PIA

Sicklewort

SILE'NE

Silverweed

Silver ce>eed

Sirnplers Joy

... 886
... 226

.. ibid
3

- 359

... 1 19

... 246
... 1143
... 915

128

... 890

... 464

... 1025
... 912

.. 631

,.. 280

,.. 501

... 908
,.. 404

•• 535
.. 996
.. 865

” 513

... 83

,.. 582

.. 646
.. 948
.. 376

" 3«3
.. 676

673
.. 676

.. 138

,. ibid
... 159

.. 1064
.. 258

•• 334

•• 655
•• 589'
.. 44S

• 334

• 532

• 595
Strufon

4

$

INDEX

cliii

Simfon 909

SINA'PIS 712

Single-headed ‘T’hijlle .... 077

Single Red Pink 44 1

srsoN 294

SISYM'BRIUM 690

sruM 291

Skerret ibid

Skull-cap 629

Slender eared broad-leaved
Cyperus-grafs with ma-
ny ^ikes 1 047

Sloe 1 'ee 509

Slons ibid

Smallage 315

Small 'Bijlort 407

Small Burnet Saxifrage 313
Small Corn Campion........ 448

Small Fleabane 924

Small Hedge Hyjfop .... 490

.Small Matweed 54

Small Plymouth Riijh grafs 50
Small water Purflane .... 131

Small Swines Succory .... 857

Small water Chickweed .... 131

.Smooth Succory Hawktieed 854

SMYR'NIUM 310

Snake-head 346

Snakeweed 406

Snapdragon 645,

.Snapdragon 650

Sneeze-wort •. 941

Snowdrop 340

Soapwort 438

Soft-grafs 1137

SOLA'NUM 237

SOLIDA'GO 9T7

Solomons-Ceal 333

Solomons Seal o.--

SOK'CHUS 831

'Sorb r. 1 1

Borb r-14

SOR'BUS C13

Sour Frcfoil ^70

Southernwood

889

Sowbane

253

Sowthiflle

831

SoxQJlhijtle

832

Sparagits

353

SPARGA'NIUM

1023

SPAR'TIUM

756

Spattling Poppy

446

Speedwell

8

Sperage

353

SPER'GULA

481

Spicknel

301

Spiderwort

349

Spignel

282

Spignel

301

Spiked Water Milfoil ....

1078

Spindletree

241

SPIR^^A

5

Spoonzmrt

680

Spotted Arfmart

411

Spotted Lung-wort

194

^pring-grajs

26

Spurge

494

Spurge Flax

402

Spurge Laurel

403

Spurge Olive

402

Spurrey

481

Spurwort

159

Squill.

34^

Squinancy Berries

243

Squinancy Wort

^59

Squitch grafs

129

STA'CHYS

612

STAPHYLE'A

■ 32 1

Star-grafs

4

.Star headed Water Chickweed 4

Star of the Earth

145

Star L'hijlle

946

Star-wort

9^5

STAT'ICE

326

St. Barnabfs Thijlle ....

947

STELLA'RIA

454

St. James's Wort

912

St.John’s Wort..

812

St,

cliv

index.

John's Wort 814

Stinking Horehound 616

Stinking May-Weed 939

Stinking Or ache 255

Stinking Water Horfetdil 1016

STI'PA Ill

Stitchwort 454

Stock Bill y3o

Stonecrop 464

Stonecrop 467

Stonewort 1015

St. Peter' s-w6rt 813

Strangle 'Tare 778, 781

Strap wort 322

Sl'RATIO'TES 563

Strawberry ^29

Strawberry-tree 427

Stubwort Ajo

SUBULA'RIA 667

Suffolk-grafs 88

Sulphur-wort 284

Sundew

Sweet-briar ^ 2 1

Sweet-fcented Chamomile 936

Sweet Cicely ^03

Sweet Cy perns 4^

Sweet Fennel gu

Sweet Fei'n ^03

Sweet Mountain Currants 243

Sxveet fmelUhg Flag 3^7

Sweet fmelling Solomons-

3<55

Sweet Willow i i'i6

Sxoeet Wood Crowfoot .... txno

SWERTIA 260

Swines Crejfes 68 r

Swines-eye 856

Sycamore Tree 1 148

SYM'PHYTUM ........ ,gr,

Tall Oat-grafs 112

TA'MU'S 1 1 19

TANACE’TUM 887

Tanfy ibid

Tare 776

Tare 780

Tare Everlafting 772

Taffelgrafs 177

Tajfel Pondweed ibid

TAX'US 1130

Teafel 13 <7

TEU'CRIUM 590

THALICTRUM 568

THE'SIUM 247

Thiflle 860

Thi (lie upon Thijlle 871

THLAS'PI ..: 673

Thornapple 230

Thorny or prickly Samphire 2 68

Thorow-wax 267

Three faces under a hood

Thrift 326

Thrumwort 380

Thyme 623

THY'MOS 623

TIL'IA.: 556

TILL^'A 132

Timothy-grafs 61

Tine 781

Tine Tare ibid

TRAGOPO'GON .... 827

Travellers-joy 567

Treacle Mujlard 673

Treacle Wormfeed ........ 698

Tree Mallow 743

Tree Sowthijle 832

Trefoil ................... . 790

TRIENTA'LIS 383

TRIFO'LIUM 790

TRIGLO'CHIN 378

Triple Ladies Traces .... 98'^

TRIT'ICUM 128

TROL'LIUS ; 580

Truelove

True Service C14

Toadflax ‘ 649

Toadgrafs 164

TOFIEL'DIA 377

Tooth wort 642

TOR-

civ

INDEX.

TORDYL'IUM

‘Tormeutil

Tormentil

TORMENTIL'LA ...

Touch-me-not

'Tower Mu (lard

Towenvort

Tuberoot

Tuberous Mofchatel

Tufted Horfe-Jhoe Vetch

Tunhoof

Turkey-pod

Turneps

TURRITIS

TUSSILA'GO

Tutfan

Twayblade

Twayhlade

TV'PHA

U'LEX

UL'MUS

Upright Elite

Uprig;ht Water Parfnep

URTI'CA

UTRICULA'RIA ..■■
VACCIN'IUM ...

VALANTIA ‘

Valerian

VALERIA'NA ' Z

VEL/LA ■

Velvet -leaf

V mus Comb

VERBAS'CUM

369 Violet

952

535 Vipergrafs

• 53^ Vipers Buglofs 200

• 536 Uirgins Bower cfig

. 961 VJS'CUM 1 1 12

. 704 Wahe Robin 1013

. ibid Wall Barley J26

. 379 Wall Crefs nor,

, 418 Wallflower.. ^qq

784 Wall Pennyzujort

604 Wqll Pepper 45.,

701 Wallwort

497

70 ]
708

Wart-wort

904

812

9S3

Water A

704 Water Agrimony 882

885

564
538

Water Aloes...,

Water Avens

987 Water Betony gr ~

1021 Water-can

760 'Water-crefs

358 Water Crejfes

256 Water Crowfoot tng

292 Water Dock

1069 Water Elder ojq

18 Water fennel .

393 Water flag og

1139 Water GUliflower 207

.3.5 Water Gladiole 420

ibid Water Gladiole gn

666 Water Hemlock 208

743 Water Hemp 882

304 Water Hemp 88

■^23 Water Milfoil hooded .... jg

Vernalgrafs ..
VERO'NICA
Vervain

tVater Pepper
Wafer Plantain
Water Radijh

Vetch

vvater Kockett ...

Vetch

vv at er oocks ,,,

Vetchling

VIBUR'NUM ..
VIC'IA

w atenoluier ....
Water Star-zvort
PVater Trefoil

VIN'CA ....
yrOLA

vvater violet ....

Waterwort

Water Yarrow ....

563

Way

clvi INDEX,

lV(iy hennctt

126

Way bread

143

Way far ins; 'Tree

318

Way Thijlle

867

Weafle-l'nout

610

Weld

493

M^eljli Speedwell

9

l-Velted Thlflle

873

Wheat

White Beam-tree

510

White Bottle

446

White Dead Nettle ....

605

White jioKvered Charlock

716

White flowered Dogs Rofe

522

White flowered Rujhgrap

44

White Jiorehoitnd

617

White Ladies bedflraw

• ••§

156

White rot

265

M^hite Saxifrage

434

White thorn

512

White Water Lily ...

Whitlow-grafs

668

Whortle

393

Wild Bafil

620, 625

Wild Briar

■ 523^524

Wild Burnet

148

M^ild Carline Th^lle ..

881

Wild Cheir

699

Wild Chervil

307

Wild Cicely

ibid

Wild Cichory

863

Wild Clnjter Cherry

• • f ■

506

Wilding

5*7

Wild Lettuce

835

Wild Liquorice

787

PVdd Madder

156

Wild Marjoram

622

Wild Milky Parfley

282

Wild Mujlard

713

Wild Navexv

707

Wild Oat^rafs

121

Wild Parfley

282

Wild Pear Tree

510

Wild Poppy

553

Wild Rocket

Wild Rofemary

Wild Rye

126

Wild Service Tree ...

Wild Spinage

Wild Succory

863

WildTanfey

532

Wild Tare

Wild Thyme

Wild Vine

M^ild White Campion

•••• 475

Wild Williams

Wild Woad

Willowherb

Wind Berries

Winter Creffes

696

Wintergreen

Wintergreen

Winter Marjoram ..

Winter Rockett

Woad

Wolds

Wolfsbane

Wood Betony

Woodbine

Woodroofe

Woodr'ozv -

Woodrcmel

M^oodruff

ibid

Wood Sage

Wood Sorrel

Wood Straxvbeny .

Wood Waxen

758

Wormfeed

695

Wormxvood

890

Woulds

493

Woundwort

....... 612

Woundxmrt

918

Wych Hafel

259

Wych Hafel

1089

Wymote

XAN'THIUM

Yarrow

Tarroxv

I N

D

E X.

» • '*
eivii

Farrow

942

Tellow Rattle

635

Fellow Archans;el

61 1

Tellozv Succory

830

Fellow Dead Nettle

ibid

Tellozv Water Lily

554

F'ellow Devilsiit

841

Yellow-weed

492

Tellow Goals-heard

828

Tellozv Willozvhcrb

208

Fellow homed Poppy ....

548

Yellow-wort

392

F'ellozv Ladies bedjlraiii/
Tellow j]dedick

Tn

Yew r.

■ 1130

807

Tew Free

.. ibid

F'ellozv Moth Mullein ....

229

Touthzvort

33 ^

F'ellozv Orchis

991

ZANNICHEL'LIA ...,

. lOi:^

Tellow PanJ'ies

Tellozv Pimpernel of the
Woods

960

209

ZOSTE'RA

, 1004

ERRATA in

the

LATIN TERMS.

Page Ixxxiv. For Amplexica'ulis, read, Amplexicau'lis*
For iVnoma'ia, read, Anom'ala.

w. i.

PREFACE

TO THE

' THIRD VOLUME.

HE Author has often regretted, that

the publication of this laft part of the
■ Botanical Arrangement, fhould have been
delayed fo greatly beyond the time he had
fixed for its appearance, and he takes this
opportunity to thank the writers of feveral
letters he has received on that account, for the
attention they have bellowed upon the work ;
for whether thefe letters were merely civil
lenquiries, or polite and encouraging addreffes,
!or churlifh and chiding remonfirances, he is
•fenfible that the writers, whether avowed or
anonymous, had only in view to urge him
ito finilh the undertaking, This he has now
done, and if not fooner done, the delay was

a 2

not

I

PREFACE.

not caufed by want of encouragement or
inclination, but by an unfettled Rate of
health, and a variety of other unforefeen
circumftances which it would be ufelefs now
to mention, However, when the execution
comes to be examined, he hopes the public
will not decide that he has idly trefpalfed
upon its patience.

pDGBASTON, 27th Auguft,

lp2.

INTRO-

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'TTV

D. PIjcix.'

'tn

INTRODUCTION

TO THE

/

THIRD VOLUME.

JT is well underftood that the attentions of

Linnaeus were much lefs engaged by the Clafs
Cryptogafnia, than by the other ClafTes which are
formed of plants with more obvious fru(5lifications.
It was his glory to have eftablifhed a Syftem upon
the organs of Generation, (the Chives andPointals,}
of all others the moft elTential parts of a plant,
and this Syftem he has wrought up to fuch a ftate
of perfection, that little, compared to What he
himfelf has done, remains for his fucceftbrs to do,
except the additions it may receive from more
extended refearches in countries imperfectly, or
not at all explored before. But the plants of the
Cryptogamia Clafs, not falling under his peculiar
Syftem, were to him lefs interefting, and therefore,
probably, were lefs attended to. Of the four
natural Orders which compofe this Clafs, he feems
chiefly to have improved our knowledge of the
Filices. The Musci and the Algm had been

, I'o

% '

INTRODUCTION.

fo fucccfsfully explored a.nd fo excellently figured
by Micheli and Dillenius ; and Gmelin having
nearly exhaufled the fubjedl of the Fuci, there
in thefe extenfive Tribes but little more
for Linnasus to do, than to diflribute and charac-
terife them according to his own ideas. The
Fungi, at one time, attraded his attention,
but the difficulty of preferving them in a ftate fit
for comparing together, and the impraaicability
of tranfporting his books along with himfelf in his
various journies, feem to have checked his pur-
fuits; neither could he benefit, as we now do, by
the almoft innumerable figures which have been
p.ubliffied fince the formation of his Syftem.
From thefe caufes he has done but little in the
Fungi, and that little has been ill underftood.
Our countryman, the excellent Ray, paid great
attention to thefe fubjefts, but for want of figures,
or more extended defcriptions, it is often difficult,
fometimes impoffible, to determine, his fpecies.
When the admirable plates, and ftill more admir-
able defcriptions of Schaffer were publifhed,
and the worldbenefitted by the labours of Battarra,
and the immortal Haller, the fubjecl of the Fungi
began to affume a more intelligible form. This
branch of fcience has fince been cultivated with
great ardour and fuccefs by Mr. Hudfon, Mr.
Lightfoot, and Mr. Dickfon, in this country, as
well as by a number of learned men abroad ; but
to enter upon a hiftory of the improvements which
have been made within the laft twenty years,
would, however grateful the talk, be inconfiftent
with the limits of this introduaion, which is

written merely with a view to point out to the

reader

INTRODUCTION.

reader the defign of the prefent volume. It
would, however, be unpardonable, were he to
conclude this paragraph, without recommending
the plates of our ingenious countryman, Mr.
Bolton, and the ftill more extenfive defigns of M.
Bulliard, fatisfied as he is, that their excellent
figures will greatly promote the objed he has in
view. Perhaps too he cannot find a more conve-
nient opportunity than the prefent, thus publicly
to exprefs his acknowledgments for the very kind
and liberal afliflance he has received from the
voluntary contributions of many ingenious and
learned Botanifls, more particularly from Major
Velley in the Fuel, Mr. Stackhoufe in the Fungi,
and Mr. Woodward in every part of the work;
but as the aid afforded by his numerous friends, is
always acknowledged wherever it has been adopteci,
it is the lefs neceffary to be more particular in
this place.

In the extenfive Genera of Bryum, Hypnum,
Jungermannia, and Lichen, all the Linnsen fub-
divifions are retained; but to facilitate the refer-
ence to the fpecies, the individuals of each fub-
divifion are placed alphabetically. Let experience
decide whether this method, by faving time, and
labour, will not more than compenfate for any'
imaginary or real relationfhip as yet eftablifhed
between the individuals ofthefe numerous families.
It will readily be allowed that where a full
acquaintance with the fubjedf, enables us to place
the conne(5ling links in thefe extended chains, in
their proper order of mutual relationfhip, there
the alphabetical order is inadmiflible; it is not

the

INTRODUCTION.

the order of fcience; but in the prefent Rate of
our knowledge, the young Student at leaft will
find an advantage in this plan, and the more
experienced, or more learned Botanift muft be as
fenfible as the author is, that the time is not far
diftant, when the whole of the prefent ftrudlure
muft give way, and thefe enormous maffes be
broken down, and replaced in a more lucid order
and a more proportionate diftribution. This reform
muft be expelled from the labours of the illuftrious
He D WIG, the outline of whofe difcoveries will
now, for the firft time, be made known to the
Englifh reader. The Author of this work much
wifhed to have adopted his Genera, and to have
arranged the Moffes, the Lichens, &C. in con-
formity with his difcoveries, but the talk would
have been too extenfive for his leifure, and
poflibly too great for his abilities.

It has been faid before, that we are indebted
for the knowledge we have of the Moffes, the
Lichens, and moft of the other Genera of the
Algas, to the indefatigable induftry of Dillenius,
and the fagacious ferutiny of Micheli, from thefe
authors therefore, as well as from the Hiftoria
Fucorurn of Gmelin, the reader will find the moft
important parts of the defcriptions extradled.
Thefe he thinks muft be particularly acceptable,
not only becaufe none can be expecfted to defcribe
thefe plants better than thofe who have figured
them fo well, but alfo on account of the great
fcarcity of the original work of Dillenius, which
few are fo happy to poffefs. The copies printed
were only 250, and of thefe, but few remain in

England.

INTRODUCTION.

England. Impreffions of his plates are eafil^
obtained, and the fcarcity of the letter-prefs will
hereafter, in this country, be the lefs regretted.
Nor have the labours of Jacquin, or Hoffman, of
Wiegel or of Batfch, of Pollich or of Weis, been
negleaed; they and feveral others now contribute
occaConally to the illuftration of the fpecies, and
to the inftruaion of the Englifli Botanift. It muft
be'obferved that on thefe occafions, the Author
has not aimed at a literal tranflation ; he has
endeavoured to catch the ideas of the writers, ar.d
to communicate them to his readers in as fmali
a compafs as the Englifh language would well
permit. It will be evident, that in choofing
this method, his own eafe was not the objed he
confulted.

But it is time that he draw the attention of his"’
readers to the Fungi, and more particularly to the
Agarics and the Boleti, a numerous and beautiful
tribe of plants, which he flatters himfelf with
having rendered as eafy of inveftigation, as thofe
of any other part of the Botanic Syftem. Should
it appear that he has done much more on thefe
fubjedls than his predeceflors or cotemporaries, he
wifhes it to be underftood, that his fituation is
peculiarly faxmurable to their growth, and that
having difcovered a method of preferving them
for a length of time, in fuch perfedion as to

admit

+ This method will fhortly be communicated to the public ; It is
only delayed on account ot lome further experiments now malung
w-ith a view to preferve the more tender colours,

Vol. III. b

/

• introduction.

admit of examination and comparifon, he has
been enabled to defcribe them more fully, and to
chara(5lerife them more accurately, than had been
done before, according to a Syftem which pre-
fented itfelf to his mind upon a compfehenfive
and attentive view of the whole fubjedt.

This Syftem muft now be explained, and by the
aid of Plate XIX. the reader will readily under-
ftand it.

AGARICS are compofed of a Cap, or Pileus
with Gills underneath, and have either Stems, or
no Stems.

The Stems are either central or lateral; hence (
arife 3 primary divifions of the Genus, already in .
ufe, and adopted by Linnaeus. ^

; A. Stems central. ;

B. Stems lateral.

C. Stemlefs. '

They have alfo a Root, more or lefs obvious,
and fdme of them, in a yet unfolded ftate, are ■
wholly inclofed in a membranaceous or leathery 1
cafe; called a Wrapper. Some of them have a i
Curtain, or thin membrane, extending from the \
Stem to the edge of the Pileus; this Curtain tears
as the Pileus expands, and-foon vanifties; but the
part attached to the ftera often remains, forming j
a Ring round it. This Ring is more or lefs per-
manent, as its fubftance is more or lefs tender, . ^
but fome of the fpecies appear fome years with,^

and

INTRODUCTION.

and other years without a Ring, f fo that though
it forms a very obvious charader, it cannot be
admitted as a ground of fpecific'diftindlioni

PI. ig. fig. (F.) (borrowed from M. Bulliard,)
fhews a vertical fedion of an Agaric of the more
compleat kind, in its egg Rate, in order to demon-
ftrate all the parts mentioned above. — (m. m.
m. m. m.) the Wrapper.— (n. n.) the Pileus.—
(o. o.) the Gills, (p.) tfie Stem, before it fhocts
q-) the Curtain. On the fedion of a
Stem at (B.) may be feen the remains of a Curtain,
then called a Ring. The Curtain and the Ring
mull be rejeded in forming charaders of Agarics,
for the reafon juft now mentioned, and the
Wrapper is not eafily acceffible, nor is it very
often found, fo that it does not afford much aid
in the difcrimination of the fpecies. The Curtain
and its remnant the Ring, are common to all our
fecondary fub-divilions of Agarics with central
: Stems, but the Wrapper feems to be confined to
the plants with folid Stems only, nor has it been
found attendant even upon thofe when the Gills
. are decurrent.

The Stem of an Agaric is either folid, or hollow.
The/o//d Stem is reprefented at (A.) the hollow
fStem at (B.) When an Agaric is to be examined,
:'cut the Stem acrofs, about its middle, with a ffiarp
Jknife, and it muft immediately appear whether it
ibe folid or hollow. Let it be remarked, however,

that

t e. g. Ag. serugtnofus. (See page 365,)
b 2

INTRODUCTION.

that the foUd Stem varies much in degree ; it may
be as folid as the flefli of an apple, or as fpongy as
the pith of an cider ftick, or a fun-flower ftalk, but
ftill it is folid, i. e. there is no regular hollow per-
vading its whole length; though the more fpongy
and larger Stems fometimes fhew irregular and
partial hollow places from the Ihrinking of the
pithy fubflance when the plant grows old, but this
can never be miftaken for a regular, uniform, and
native hollownefs. (B.) reprefents a hollow Stem.
The width of this hollow part varies much in dif-
ferent fpecies, and is by no means always propor-
tioned to the fize of the Stem; though it is unform
and regular throughout its whole length, except
perhaps at the very bottom, where it changes to a
root. This hollow is fometimes entirely empty,
fometimes loofely filled with a pithy fubftance,
but its regularity is not affeciled by that circum-
llance. Next to the Gills, the Stem of an Agaric
is the part leaft liable to variation. When its fhape
is not that of a cylinder, its diameter, as expreffed
in the deferiptions, mufl be underftood to be the
diameter of its middle part.

The Gills are the flat, thin fubflances, found
underneath the Pileus, and attached to it; they
are of a texture evidently different from that of
the Stem or the Pileus, they affume different co-
lours in different fpecies, and vary much in their
refpedlive lengths. Each Gill confifts of two mem-
branes, and between thefe the Seeds are formed.
The Gills are always attached to the Pileus, and
fometimes to that only, as at fig. (E. c. c.) They
often fhoulder up againfl the Stem, and are fxed

to

INTRODUCTION.

to it, as at fig. (A. b)- and frequently they are not
merely fxed to the Stem, but extended along it,
downwards, as at (a) in the laft-mentioned figure.
This is what we fliall call a decurrent Gill. The
fxed and decurrent Gills are attached to the Stem
only by their ends which are next to the center pf
the Pileus, not by their edges, as is fometimes the
cafe in fome of the Agarics whofe Pilei or Caps -
are nearly cylindrical. In fome of thefe the edges
of the Gills are prelfed clofe to the Stem, and
even adhere to it more or lefs in the young fiate
of the plant, but feparate before it attains its full
expanfion. This therefore is a very different kind
of attachment to that which we mean to exprefs
by the terms fxed or decurrent.

Our fecondary fub-divifions of the Agarics, are
founded upon what has been juft now explained,
and are follows : —

(1. Gills decurrent.

STEM folid ; ^2. Gills fixed.

( 3’. Gills loofe,

(■4. Gills decurrent,

STEM hollow ,-<5. Gills- fixed.

(6. Gills loofe.

But the Gills containing the fructification of
Ithefe plants, are of the utmoft importance, and
-therefore demand more particular notice. They
:vary very much in length, for though they all
lextend to the edge of the Pileus, they do not, ex-
lexcept in a few inftances, all reach to the Stem ;
imoreover they are fometimes forked or divided,*

b 3 and

INTRODUCTION.

nnd fometimes connedled or anaflomofing one
with another. All thefe circumftances are ex-
plained by the two circular figures at the bottom
of Plate XIX. — thus :

(d.) Gills uniform. Thefe uniform Gills fometimes
feem connedled together at the edge of the
Pileus, as reprefented below (d.)

(e.) Gills in pairs.

(f-) Gills 4 in a fet.

(g.) Gills 8 in a fet.

(h.) Gills irregular, that is, no determinate num-
ber in a fet.

(i.) Gills branching.

(k.) Gills branching and anaftomofing.

C. Gills looje from the Stem, but the inner end
fixed to a Collar which. furrounds the top of
the Stem, though not in contad with it.

Thefe various circumflances of the Gills feem
at firft fight well adapted for fub-divifions of the
fpecies, and alfo for the formation of fpecific cha-
raders; but they are fo much fubjed to variation
that no ufe can be made of them for either pur-
pofe. Thus, the Gills called uniform^ are feldom
ftridly fo, a fhorter Gill now and then intervening.
The Gills in pairs, have place only in a few fpecies,
and are fubjed to vary ; the Gills 4 in a fet, occupy
by far the greater pan of the fpecies, and thofe
which have 4 in a fet in the younger plants, are
I very apt to fhew 8 when more fully expanded,
fome of the longer Gills tearing from the Stem,
?»Ioreover, though 4 in a let be the predominant
-number in many of_thefe plants, we often find

but

INTRODUCTION.

(

but three, or even two, owing to the abfence of
one or more of the fmaller Gills. The colour of the
Gills is fortunately an obvious, and at the fame
time a permanent circumflance ; and when we re-
fledl, that their colour is principally, if not folely,
caufed by that of the Frudlifications or Seeds within
them, we might (a priori) have expedled, what ex-
perience has taught me to be the cafe, that this is
the moft fixed, the’ moft 'certain charadleriflic on
which to found the diftindions of thefpecies; and
that this, together with the flrudlure, will be at
all times fufficient to afford permanent fpecific dif-
tindions. It is allowed that thefe colours change
when the plant begins to decay, but no Botanifl
would complain that the charadlers are w'anting in a
fubjedl colledled in a rotten flate. The colour of the
fiat fides of the Gills is what I wifli to be attended to,
becaufe the colour at the edge, in fome plants, is dif-
ferent, through all theftages of growth, and in others
it changes fooner than that of the fides, evidently
from the difcharge of the Seeds when ripe. The
colour of the whole of the Gill being fometimes
influenced by the ripened Seeds, it is clear that
this colour ought to be defcribed, where it is liable
to fuch a change, not only in the perfecl and vigo-
rous flate of the plant, but alfo in its mature and
nearly decaying ftate, taking its charadler from
the former. Thus in feveral of the deliquefcent
Agarics, efpecially fuch as diffolve in decay to an
inky liquor, the plants when very young have
white Gills; thefe become grey when the Seeds are
formed, and black when quite ripe, and the plant
diffolves an decay. Thefe circumftances may be
properly noticed in the hifiory of the plaiit, but

no

INTRODUCTION.

no one would think of taking its charader from its
yet but half unfolded ftate, any more than from
its ftate of decay ; fuch a plant therefore muft be
placed amongft others whofe Gills are grey.

The Stem is a lefs variable part than the Pileus ;
its fhape, the proportions of its length to its
breadth, and of both to the Pileus, afford tolerable
diftincftive marks, and its colours, though more
changeable than thofe of the Gills, are perhaps
rather more fixed than thofe of the Pileus.

The Pileus, or Cap, is the part of an Agaric
the laft to be attended to, and the leaft to be de-
pended on. Its fhape is either conical, convex,
flat, or hollowed at the top like a funnel it is
conftantly varying in the fame plant, but is pretty
uniformly the fame in the fame fpecies when the
plant is in perfecftion, that is, when fully or nearly
fully expanded, but before it exhibits fymptoms
of decay.

The colour of the Pileus is often extremely uncer-
tain, and in that cafe can no further be admitted
into a charader, than as it may ferve to mark the
varieties.

The. or clamminefs on the furface of

the Pileus and Stem, frequently obferved in fome
Agarics, has been made a part of their charader ;
but it is not much to be depended on ; for in dry
weather feme of the vifeid fpecies fhew no fymp-

tom

f (E.) reprefents a conical, (D.) a convex Pileus.

INTRODUCTION.

torn of a raoift or even adhefive furface^ and in a
moift atmofphere, many, at other times dry to
the feel, become more or lefs vifeid.

The LaEieJeent, or milky juiced Agarics, at one
time feemed to force themfelves into obfervation,
as laying claim to a well-founded fub-divilion ;
but further experience demonftrated, that neither
thofe with a mild, nor thofe with an acrid milky
juice, were invariably milky. This was an unex-
pedled circumftance, nor does it yet appear upon
what it depends. Plants apparently healthy and
vigorous {hall fliew no figns of milk when wound-
ed, whilft others on the fame fpot, and at the
fame time, fhall pour out their milk in abund-
ance. It muft be acknowledged, that this differ-
ence is not very common, but it certainly does
take place, •f*

Such are the grounds of the prefent attempt to
reduce the Agarics to a Syflem; an attempt, which
if eftablifhed, will greatly facilitate the inveftiga-
tion of the fpecies, and if it fail to merit the
countenance of the public, will probably give
birth to another and a better.

The Author is fenfible, that fome of the fpecific
characters may be thought too long, whilft a few
may be found too Ihort; but thefe cannot be ulti-
mately adjufted until the difeovery of new fpecies

fliall

•f The Agaricus rabefeens,' and Agaricus caefareus, are inftanccs
of this kind of dcviatloB.

INTRODUCTION.

•fhall ceafe. That many new ones ftill remain to
be afcertained, is highly probable, fince fo many
have occurred within his own obfervation, and
that of his cerrefpondents.

A few, and only a few exceptions have occurred
to the general laws of the Syftem ; and it will be
right to mention them here. The Agaricus
velutipes, p. 391, and the Ag. fulcatus, p. 344,
have fuch a ftr iking refemblance, that they muft
be pronounced to be the fame, were not the Stem
hollow in the one, and Jolid in the other Can fuch
a difference of ftruc^lure be fuppofed to exift in
the fame fpecies? If thisqueftion be anfwered in
the affirmative, the exception muft be allowed,
and extended to one or two more of the minuter
fpecies. The other exception depends upon the
different colours of the Gills of the Agaricus
aurantius. This fportive fpecies difdains the
, rules of the Syftem, and exifts under almoft
every kind of colour that can be imagined ; the
chief variations however, to obviate difficulties,
are inferted where the inveftigating Botanift would
be led to look for them.

In the execution of the preceding plan, the
references to figures are not very numerous,
becaufe peculiar care has been taken to avoid doubt-
ful references. What ufe can there be in the infer-
t ion of a figure or a fynonym with a note of interroga-
tion at the end of it? If the Author, with all his at-
tention colledled upon the fubjed, and poffibly with
the plant before him, cannot decide, why perplex
his readers by defiring them to do it? In fome

cafes

INTRODUCTION.

cafes it may be ufeful to refer to a figure which it
is well known was not drawn for the plant in
queftion. Thus "when a new fpecies occurs, or
one which has never yet been figured, a reference
to a drawing which refembles it in fize, and in
habit, may be uleful, if care be taken to announce
the circumftance, and to point out the diffimi-
litudes.

The reader will find, on turning to other
authors, that a number of references to the fpecies
before known, are, omitted in this work; but he
is not haftily to conclude that this has been in
confequence of carelefs inattention. He may be
allured that they have been examined, and are
not omitted without a caufe. Sometimes circum-
fiances made it necelfary more directly to point
out thefe errors, but it was an invidious talk; and
believing, that notwithftandinghis utmoft care, the
prefent work will Hill be liable to errors of the
fame nature, he has felt unwilling to cenfure his
predecelTors, to whofe labours he fliould have
thought himfelf greatly indebted, even w’ere their
errors ten fold w’hat they are.

The fpecific charac^^er ofLiNN^^us is always
added, where no doubt exilled of the identity
of the fpecies, and it was the Author’s wifh to
have quoted all the Agarics of Mr. Ray under
their proper heads, but the w’ant of figures, and
the brevity of the defcriptions, deterred him from
^Aligning a place to many of them, Here it may
be obferved, that where the defcriptions of that
^dmirable Bolanill are fufficiently full, or where

INTRODUCTION.

he could refer to a figure, the Agarics of the
prefent day appear to be precifely what their pre-
deceflbrs wefe a hundred years ago. This it was
thought neceffary to remark, to quiet the appre-
fions of fome who have been deterred from the
ftudy of thefe fubjedls, by a prevalent idea that
they were forever changing, and were confequently
incapable of any fixed or fettled characfler. It
would not be difficult to point out the origin of
this opinion, but it is fufficient to fay that it is not
true, and that no part of the Vegetable Syftem is
lefs liable to change, or more fteady to the rules
of a well formed method than the Agarics are.

It mufl however, be allowed, that new fpecies
of Fungi are daily difcovered; but this may be
owing partly to the greater attention that has of
late been bellowed upon thefe fubje6ls, and partly
as Major V e l l e y fuppofes, to the introdudbion
of fo many exotic trees.

It remains now only to fpeak of the trivial
names. This has been a much more arduous
labour than can well be imagined. Much of the
difficulties of Botanills, and many of the con-
fufions of writers, have been owing to the applica-
tion of different names to the fame fpecies, or of
the fame name to difl'erent fpecies. The extent
of this evil is hardly credible. Some fpecies have
fix or eight different names, given by as many
different authors, and in feveral inflances the
fame name has been applied ' to ten or a dozen
different plants. Surely it is time to put a flop
to this ufelefs increafe , of difficulties. In the

execution

INTRODUCTION.

execution of this work, the following rules have
been adopted.

ift. When a well known fpecies occurs, to con-
tinue the name given it by its firft inventor,
unlefs obvioufly and highly improper, or
unlefs a long continued attachment to another
name had quite fuperfeded the ufe of the for-
mer, or unlefs the former name had been
previoufly appropriated to another fpecies.

2d. Never to change a name adopted by Linnsus,
except where his name included more than
one fpecies, and then to affign it to that which
he has more particularly defcribed.

3d. In naming a non-defcript fpecies, to ufe the
moft appropriate term that occurs, provided
it be fuch as has not before been attached to
any well eflabliflied fpecies.

The difcoverer of a new fpecies may find
fome trouble in complying with thefe rules, but
he will be rewarded by confidering, how much
more trouble he will fave to others, and how much
his fellow labourers in the fcience will feel them-
felves obliged by his attentions.

The Genus Boletus, and the other Genera of the
order of Fungi, require no particular explanation,
for the Syflem adopted in the Agarics has been
applied to them, as far as it was applicable, and
imperfcd't as cur knowledge of thefe plants at
prefent is, fuch is the ardour of numbers in

enquiries

INTRODUCTION.

enquiries concerning them, that we may foori
exped to flrike out more perfedl charadlers of the
Genera, as well as a more judicious diftribution
of the fpecies.

In evefy patt Of natural hiftory, two modes of
arrangement may be devifed, the one, beft calcu-
lated to facilitate the inveftigation of each fpecies
and variety, and therefore more convenient to
the pradlical Student, the other better fuited to
the (;;ontemplative mind, which dwells with plea-
fure on the groupes or alTemblages called natural
Orders, and from the comprehenfive views w’hich
this mode of diftribution affords, generalifes
detached fafts, and catches a glimpfe of the laws
by which the univerfe was created. But this
mode of grouping natural affemblages is alfo
applicable, as it were on a fmaller fcale, to break
down the larger maffes into other groups, whofe
more intimate relationftiips are marked by fecon-
dary charaefters. This has been attempted, as far
as the Agarics are concerned, by Mr. Stackhouse,
and he has been prevailed upon to allow the pub-
lication of the following fynoptic view, which the
reader will perceive was drawn up without any
reference to the prefent work, therefore lefs per-
fe<ft than it might be made, but ftill fufficient
to convey an idea of the intended mode of
diftribution.

FUNGI.

FUNGI. (Agarici.)

A. Stipitati.

LACTESCENTES.

.JV.

1. Deliciofus. SchaefF.Huds,
Lightfoot.

2. Laftifluus. Linn.SchaefF.
Hudf. Bolt.

3i Ruber. SchaefF. t. 5. Bauh.
quoted by Hudf. 2d ed.

4. Piperatus. Linn. &c. kc.
Var. r. lamell.incarnatis.
Var. 2. lutefcens.

5. Dulcis. Hudf. Lightf,
Ray. n. 15.

6. Cinereus. Ray. n. 48.

. Necator. Bull. SchaefF.

. Hydrogala. my. n. 197.

E*

NON LACTESCENTES.
I. LameWs patulis.

aqualibus.

9. Integer. Linn. &c. &c.
no. Mufcarius. Linn. &c.&c,
Var. verrucis albis.

Var. nigris.

n 1 . Lafteus. Hudf.

0 2. Trilobus. Bolt.

inagualibus.

Carnoji.

ng. Campeftris.

Var. 1. white Gills. Ray.

22.

2. Georgii. Bauh.

3. minor latus.

04. Latus. Bolton.

Xmmpclinus. Dixon. St.
15. Lividus. SchaefF. Ray.

'1 6. Viqlaceus. Hudf. SchaefF,
Ray. 13. 2j.

17. Aurantius. SchaefF. Ray.
n- 35-

18. Carnofus. Curtis.

19. Mammofus.' Linn. Hudf.

20. Adnatus. Hudf. SchaefF.
t. 210. Curtis, vifcidus.

21. Pompatus. Bolton.

22. Elaflicus. Do.

23. Lateralis. Do.

24. Politus. Do.

25. Caftaneus. Do.

26. Plumbeus. SchaefF.

Excarnes.

27. PratenFis.Lightfoot’scor.

28. Viridis.SchaefF.Bolt. Ray.
Hudf.

29. Caryophillsus. SchaefF.

30. Alliatus.

3 1 . Amethiftinus. Hudfon,
Lightfoot.

32. Vifcidus. Linn. Hudf,
Stackhoufe n. 104. B.

33. Equeflris. Linn. Hudf.
Ray 41.

34. Fufcus. FI. Dan. loio.

35. Ochraceus. SchaefF. Bull.

36. Carneus. n. 1 15. A. B. C.
Stackhoufe.

37. Fuliginofus. Hudfon,
Lightf. Bolt. SchaefF.

38. Rubeus. Bolt. Bull'.'

39. Membranaceus-BQ.lt. FI.
Dan.

40. Irregularis. Bolt.

41. Repandus, Bolt. Bull.

42. Plumofus. Bolt. Bull.

Lamellts demijfis.

inlcgris.

43. Finiitarius. Schxff.Hudf.
Bolton. FI. Dan.

44. Ex"

FUNGI.

44. ExtInclorius.Linn.Hudf.

Bull.

45. Procerus. Ray.

46. Luridus. Bolt. (reje6led
by you.)

47. Domefticus. Bolt. Battar.

inagualibus.

48. Annulatus. Lightf. Ray.
SchaefF. Stackhoufe. 56.

49. Clypeatus. Hudf. Light!.
R. Syn. n. 29.

50. Criftatus.Bolt. St. n.49.

51. Rigidus. Bolt. SchaefF.

Lamellis decurrentihus,
l^enofu

52. Cantharellus. Linnaeus.
Hudf. LightF.

53. Infundibuliformis. Bolt.
Bull. Battar.

Lamellis inaegualibus.

54. Umbilicatus. Bolton.
SchaefF. Stackh. n. 66.

55. Rutilus. SchaefF. St. n.5 1 .

56. Collinus. SchaefF. R. Syn.
n. 31.

57. Mollis. Bolt. Bull.SchaefF.

Fafciculatl,

Lam. integris.

58. Confertus.Boit. {reje6ted
by you.)

incegualibiis.

59. Fafcicularis, Huds. 8iC. &c.

60. FalciculoFus, Ray n. 51.
Curtis velutipes.

61. FloccoFus. SchaefF. Curt.
Stackhoufe. n. 107.

62. Conicus. Huds. SchaefF.

63. Flabilliformis. SchaefF.
Lightf. femipetiolatus.

64. Laricinus, Bolt. Battar.

(Agarici.)

65. Annularius. St. n. 105.

66. Flexuofus. Stackhoufe.

67. Expanfus. Stackhoufe.

Nani.

Stipite longo.

63. Campanulatus, Linn.
Huds. Stackh. n. 122.

69. Aridrofaceus, Huds. Ray
Lightf. SchaefF. Vaill.

70. Clavus. Huds. Bolton.

SchaefF. Vaill.

71. Filopes. Bull. Bolt. FI.
dan.

72. Capillaris. Stackh. n. 82.
734 Pilofus. Huds.

hrevi.

74. Minutulus. n. I.

75. Fragilis. Linn. Huds.

76. Umbilliferus.Linn.Huds.
Ray.

77. Eburneus. Bolt. n. 15,
Stackhoufe.

78. Luteo-albus do.

9. Tortilis. do.

o. Coefpitofus. do.

81. Purpureus. do.

82. Vernus. R. fyn. 43.

83. Striatus. R. fyn. n. 53.
Stackh. n. 13.

84. Bulbo-fellus, (an unique
on a ftem of grafs. n.
1 2j. Stackh.)

B. Acaulis.

85. Palmatus.Bull.St. 1. 1 16.

86. Quercinus. Linn. Sec.

87. Peftinatus. Huds.

88. Betulinus. do.

89. Alneus. do. St. n. So.
Lightfoot.

90. Oftreatus. Curtis.

91. Foetid us. St. n. 106.

92. Seffilis. Bull. St. n. 109.

, Clajs

Clqfs XXIV.

C R Y P t o G A M I A.

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

UNDER this Clafs are arranged a number of
Vegetables whofe Flowers are either but little
known, or whofe Chives and Pointals are too minute to
admit of that mode of inveRigation which prevails through
the twenty-three Clalfes preceding. The ftru6lure too of
thefe Vegetables differs confiderably from that of other
plants. They are divided into four Natural Orders, viz.
FI'LICES, (Ferns-;) MUS'CI, (Mosses,) AL'G^,
(Thongs;) andFUN'GI, (Fungusses.)

FI'LICES, Ferns,

.The plants of this order fometimes have their flowers in
t ipikes, as m the Equisetum, (plate I. A.) but they are
^generally difpofed in fpots or lines on the under furface
•of the leaves, as in the Aspleniu.m, (plate I. B.)

IEmp.ax, a fcale, fpringing out of the leaf ; opening on one
lide. Underneath this fcale, fupported upon little
foot-ftalks, are ,

J^LOBEs, encompaffed by an elaftic ring, which burft with
violence, and fcatter a powder.

Obs. The feed-veffels on the under furface of the leaves
V fine, thin, femi-tranfparentfkin, which
ourfts open before the feeds ripen. The feed-velfels them-
telves are compofed of three parts. Firjl, a little fruit-
» by means of which they are connected with the
tu ace of the leaf. Second, a globular Capfule Banding

B ^ upon

10

C R Y P T O G A M I A.

upon the fruit-ftalk. T’hird, an elaftic cord, fixed to the
top of the fruit-ftalk and furrounding the Capfule. When
the 3eeds are ripe, the cord endeavours to become firaight,
and,' by its elafticity, tears open the Capfule. The Cap-
fule opens like that of the Anagallis, as if it had been
cut round with a knife, forming two hollow hemifpherical
caps. The elaftic force which tears it open, difperfes the
feeds abroad. Thefe are fo minute as hardly to be vifible
to the naked eye. In the months of September and
Oftober this curious mechanifm is very evident in the
Common Brakes (PTERIS,) or in the Harts-tongue,
(ASPLENIUM S colop. ) by the afiifiance of a good fingle
Micro fcope with a reflefting Speculum. The fudden jerk
of the Ipringing cord frequently carries the objeft out of
the field oi view, fo that it requires fome patience to
obferve the whole of the procefs.

As there are no certain diftin^lions in the Flowers
themfelves fufficient to eftablilli the Genera, thefe are
known by the difpofition of the feeds under their covers.

But in bringing my readers to an acquaintance with
this Clafs, it would be unpardonable to make no mention
of the illufirious H ED WIG, who has immortalized his
name by the accuracy of his refearches, and the fplendor
of his difcoveries, in thefe obfcure families of plants. He
communicated the refult of his obfervations to the Aca-
demy of Sciences at Peterfburgh, in the year 1 783.* As
this work is but little known to the Englifh Botanifi, I
lhall fubjoin the following compendious view of the fub-
jeft, confining myfelf principally to the difcoveries more
immediately relating to the parts of fruaification. Thofe
who wifli lor further information, cannot fail of being
highly gratified by an examination of the original work,
and by a perufal of this very ingenious author’s fubfequent
publications. ^

He intxodu^s his fubjeft with an account of the views
of ms pi edeceifors in this branch of Natural Hiflory, and
tliough he mentions the miftakes in which many of them
had been involved, he does ample juftice to thofe who
had anticipated liini in any part of his difcoveries*

* Sec Theona Generationia et Fnifliricationis plantarum Cryptogamicarutn
Lbna?i. — I'etropoli. 1784. quarto.

FTLICES.

II,

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

FI'LICES. Ferns.

5 li With a dub-jhaped frudif cation.

E Qp I S E'T U M. H E D w r G illuf^rates the ftruc-
tuie oi this Genus by a particular examination of the
Equisetum /y/yaficwn, and E. palujlre-. The former,
as well as the E. arvenfe, protrudes its club-llraped head
out of the earth early in the fpring. Round this head
are placed, in cirdes, target-fhaped fubftances, each fup-
ported on a pedicle, and compreflTed into angles in con-
lequence of refling againfl each other previous to the
expanfion of the fpike. Beneath each of thefe targets we
find from 4 to 7 conical fubftances, with their points
leaning a little inwards towards the pedicle. They open
on the inner fide, and upon fliaking them oVer a piece of
paper a greenilh powdery mafs falls out, which at firft is
lull ot motion, but foon after looks like cotton or tow.
bo far may be difcemed by the naked eye, but a o-ood
Microfcope difcovers green oval bodies, and attached to
each of them, generally 4 pellucid and very flender threads,
fpoonfhaped at the end. Thefe are almoft confiantly in
motion, contra6fing upon the leaf! breath of moift air,
and when wet with water rolling round the oval body. ■

In the Equifetum palujlre the threads are broader, and
the green oval or globular fubftance more pointed. This
IS undoubtedly the Seed, for it gradually increafes in
bulk, and when it falls, the fpike fhrivels. Its proieftint^
point is the Suynmit, and the conical fubftances under the
targets are the capfules.

The fcales which furround the flowering flalk at certain
diftances after its protrufion, ferved whilfl; it was yet young
as a general fence to the fpike.

u appe^s that the genus Equisetum contains

^b^ves and Pointals within the fame Empalement.

♦•1 j ^ flowering Spike, or general empalement, fcaly and
tiled ; the partial empalement target-lhaped.

Threads 2 ; Tips 4, one at each end of each thread.

Summit Angle.

Capfule a target of 4, 5, 6, or 7 cells.

Seeds numerous, egg-llraped or globular; placed upon
♦ and lapped up within the threads.

B 2

Ph

xiii» f. j,
e. /.
fig. 2./.

f. 3. 4.
f. 5.
f. 6.

§ 2, With

12

C R Y P T O G A M I Aw

5 'i. With a leafy fru^tif cation,

O P H I OG L O S 'S U M vuJga'tum. Examining thtf
fpike in itsadvanced date, with a moderate magnifier, wefind
■ ' columns on each fide, ^<dth cavities opening tranfverfelyj

fcattering a powder, and befet with innumerable eminencies
tiled one upon another like fcales. With a very fine
knife flice off a portion, fo as it may have a little of the
column on each fide. Examine this in a good compound
Microfeope, reflefting the light through it. Tranfverfe
lines will then appear, which, as well as the interftices
PL xiii. f. 7. between them, are more opake than the part on each fide.

It is eafy to ferape off fame of the eminencies with the back
of a knife; put them into a little water, and ufe higher
and higher magnifying powers, you will then difeoVer'
fimple and compound bodies, moftly oval, furrounded
with a ntore pellucid line, and containing a granulated
fubftance within, f. 8.

Others may decide whether the leaf in this plant anfwers
thepurpofeof a fence or Empalementxvhilfi; it is in flower;
but I Confider the fpike as bearing both Chives and
Pointals ; the 'Tips occupying the inteidlices of the Seed-
buds, which are furnilhed with a tranfverfe Summit.

It may be remarked that the Spike is at firft yellowifh,
changing tO’ brown, when the Capfules open and difeharge
their powder. This powder is the real feed, for after its
difeharge the plant gradually periflies, though new (hoots
are fent out the enfuing year.-

OSMUN'DA fpi'eant. This undoubtedly belongs
to the Genus Acro'stichuM.

Early in the fpring the flowering leaves come up, almoft
rolled into a ball, and not the leaves only, but the leafits
f. 9. ^Ifc rolled up. Oii the back fide of each of thefc
leafits there are two white lines, extending from the bafe
f. 10. of the leafit to the point, they are bordered wdth green
and deprelfed in the middle. Thefe wffite lines are fine
membranes, and on carefully feparating them at their
union with the leafit, we difeover very minute pellucid
bodies, fupported upon footftalks. f. 1 1. c. c.

In the younger leafits, by the affiftance of high magni-
fiers, we may difeover fmall bodies of a brownilh cafi,
compofed of two parts, the one very (lender and pellucid,

proceeding

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

proceeding from the rib, the other a coloured ov-al globule
ftanding upon it. When the leafit is fully unfolded, and
the lines become more turgid, thefe corpufcles upon the
rib difippear.

POLYPO'DIUM T’ helyp'teris. This does not well
rank with the Acroftichum’s, to which Genus Linnseus
referred it. The difpofition of its friK^tificatioii accords
with the Polypodium’s.

Schmidel, Icon, plant, t. xi. 13. p. 45. has delineated
and defcribed this plant fo accurately, that nothing
remains for me to add, but that the veficles of a Ihining
yellow colour, viz. the Tips, are found upon the rib, and
its ramifications, 'as well as upon the projefting edges of
the membranes which cover tire clufters of feed veflels.

POL^PO'DIUM F. fam'ina. When it firfi; fprings
out of the earth and is yet in its curled ftate, we find by
the afliftance of a good Microfcope, the back fide of the
leafits covered with turgid capfules. On the other fide,
abundance of fpherules of a milky colour, fupported upQu
pedicles.

Under the highefi magnifier, thefe fubftances appear to
confifi: of a very pellucid and tender pedicle, fupporting a
nearly opake globule, filled with a granulated mafs.

When the leafits and leaf are quite unfolded, alf thefe
fubfiances difappear, whilfi: thofe on the under furface
gradually enlarge, and ripen their feed,

ASPLE'N lUM Frlchdmflnes. Whilfi: this fprings
out of the ground and is yet rolled inwards, the leafits are
ver>' minute and flefhy. On their under furfiice, when
highly magnified, crefcent-fhaped membranes may be
perceived covering the minute grains which afterwards
become capfules. At the lame time, but chiefly towards
the middle nerve of the leafit, white flfining globules are
found. Thefe put into a drop of water, and viewed with
the highefi magfiifier, will be feen to confifi of a thick and
very tranfparent foot-fialk, fupporting a globule filled
with a granulated mafs,

It ^is unneceflary to be particular refpe61ing the
Asple'nium Scolopcn' drium, Aspl, Ruta-muraria, Polv-
I'o DiuM F. Mas, PoLYPOD. Phagop'teris, Polypod. Diy-

B 3 op'teris.

Pl.

14

CRYPTOGAMIA.

op'terh, all which I have examined in a recent ftate, and
in all which I have found fimilar organs, at the time the
leaves firft put forth.

The membranaceous fcaly productions upon the (talks,
fo plentiful in fome fpecies, have probably been the
coverings of the npw expanded parts, during the winter
feafon,

There can be no doubt as to the ufes of the other parts
defcribed above. None of thefe parts are found in the
full grown plant. It is well known that whilft perennial
plants ripen their feeds, the formation of new fructifications
is going on. It is Ihewn, that the Equisetum’s perform
their impregnations before they fpring up. When the
curled-up leaves of the Ferns begin to unfold, the Capfules
are generally fwollen ; this is particularly obvious in the
OsMUNDA regalis, whofe fertile leaves moot up early in
the fpring, and ripen their capfules in July.

There can be no doubt that thefe Capfules are real
Seed-veffels, fometimes opening vertically, and fometimes
horizontally into two hemifpheres, which are furrounded
by an elaftiq riug,

Explanation of the Plate belonging to the
F I 'L I c E s, A " 0.

Pl, xiii, Fig. i. A fruit bearing head of the Equifetum fylvaticum of
its natural fize, beginning to difperfe its feeds,

2. A Capfule bearing Target, with its fruit-ftalk

magnified.*

3. An unripe Seed, with its chives.

4. A ripe Seed, with the duft of the tips fcattered on

the threads.

5. A Seed-bud, with the Chives rolled round it in

their natural pofition.

6. A Seed of the Equifetum palujlre.

To prevent repetition, it is always undcrflood that the parts are more oy
lefs magnified, unlefs when thi contrary is particularly expreffcd. Ihp
Author uled a good contpound Microfcope, with fix magnifying powers.

Fig,

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

I

Fig. 7. A particle from the fide of the Stalk of the Ophi- PI. xiii.
ogloffum vul^are, whilft very young, (a) the
convex part, bearing both the Chives and
Pointals. (b) a portion of the flcin, with a
little of the pulp, from the outer fide of the
ftalk. (c) the fame from the inner fide.

8. Tips of the fame plant fimple and compound.

9. A back view of a fpike of the Ofmuiida fficant,

of its natural fize.

JO. A particle of the leaf with a fingle leafit. (a) the
leafit. (b b) Sc^\es, (cc) membranaceous cover-
ings oUhe Capfules.

ji. A particle of the fame more highly magnified.

(a) the rib, w'ith the Chives on it. fbbj the
membrane turned back each way. (ccj the
rudiment of the fruit.

1 2. An extremely fmall leafit of the Polypodium Filix-

fam. carefully expanded to Ihew the Chives.

13. Two of the Chives taken out.

14. Leafits of tlie Afplenium ’Trichomanes from .the /

yet unfolded extremity of the leaf. The
Globules fupported on foot-ftalks are the
Chives; the oblong fpots the membrane cover-
ing the pointals.

15. Two of the Chives taken out.

j6, A particle of the receptacle of the fertile florets.

(a) the receptacle, (b) the (kin of the leafit,
with its air du61s.

The Uses of the Filices are but little known: few of
them are efculent. They have a difagreeable heavy fmell.

In large dofes they deftroy worms, and fome of them are
purgative. The alhes produced by a flow incineration of
the green plants, contain a confiderable portion of veget-
able alkaly, and in this kingdom are very generally fold
under the name of Alhballs, to make lye for the fcouring
of linen.

“ In the hot houfe they become evergreens, and their
“ beauty is greatly improved in colour and delicacy. The
“ leaves if cut down when fully grown, and properly
“ dried, make a thatch more durable than that of any kind
“ of ftraw.

“ In moll of the Genera of the fecond fubdivifion, the
“ feedling plants require a fucceflion of feafons before they

“ produce

i5 CRYPTOGAMIA.

“ produce their fruftifications. Thefrjl year a fingle leaf
“ is produced, which feldom attains to'more than, an inch
“ in height, is thin, femi-tranfparent, and mod commonly.
“ entire. The fecond year two or three are produced, one
“ larger than the other. The third year, four or five arc
“ produced, and the fourth year, more in number propor-
“ tionable to the richnefs of the foil and the fuitablenefs
of the fituation. In moft fertile foils, fhaded fituations,
mofly dripping rocks, or near currents or rills of fpring
“water, the leaves are thin, light and femi-tranfparent ;
“ larger and more numerous, and apt to become monftrous
“ in foape or fize. On dry rocks, and in barren foils
“ expofed to .air and fun, the leaves are few, foort, finri and
“ opaque, producing feeds in fewer years from the firft
P “ fpringing up, arid they generally retain their own proper

“ figure.” Bolt.

MU S'C I. MofTes.

This Order is fubdivided according as the Capsules
have a V^l or no Veil : as they are upon the fame plant
with the Chives, or upon dilfereiit plants ; and as the
Chives are folitary or incorporated. The

of a Corcle without any Coat or
Seed-lobes. ^

H ED WIG defines Molfes, as being vegetables in which
the female parts of fruaification are furnifoed with a
VeiWike Petal, bearing a fhaft. He divides them into
two Orders ,;

1 . Capfule either entire, lidded, and opening tranfverfely :

frojidofi.

2. C'«f’>/ewithfourValye.s, opening lengthways;

hepatici.

Theft definitions exclude the Lycopodium's from
m-nongft the Moffes. Perhaps they Ihould rank with the
Olmunda; but their fru6lification has not yet been fufli-
ciently examined.

§ i. De

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

§ I. De Muscis frondosis. Thefe are the proper MoiTes,
or Muse I of Linnatus.

If we except the Bryum pomiferme, fubulatum of Haller,
— trichodes ,-<i.nd a few other non-defeript Ipecies, the Mofles
bear the Chives and Pointals in feparate flowers, either on
the fame, or on diftincl plants.

The time of flowering generally coincides with that of
the fruit attaining maturity, as happens in other ever-
green perennials. Tlaus in the Polytrichum urnii^erum,
Mnium fontanum, hornum, punctatum, mdidatum; Bryum
trichodes, ccefpititium, kc. the veils fall off early iri the
fpring, and the feed is feattered abroad; whilft at the
fame time the lefs obvious unimpregnated Seed-biids, and
the barren Chive-bearing Flowers, are performing their
Tefpe61;ive funftions. This circuihftance has caufed tfiefe
ripe Capfules to be miftaken for Tips, and the Seeds for
the Dull,

Calyx feu Perichaetium; Empalement, or Fence.

Both the Barren and Fertile flowers are furniflied
with a Fence, which gives the outward figure to the flower,
It varies more in the barren flowers than in the fertile
ones, and is more to be attended to. The radiated dilks of
the PoLYTRicHUMS aud the Mniums, are very remarkable,
and the fcales compofing them differ in many refpefts from
Ihe other leaves of the plant. The heads which put forth
at the extremities of the Bryums have been hitherto un-
noticed, though they contain the parts of fructification,
and are compofed of leafits or fcales different both in
ihape and fize from the ftem-leaves, Thus in the Bryum
^pirale, they are not terminated by hairs, and are Ihorter
man the ftem-leaves; in the Br. pellucens, Br. fcoparium,
i Br. heteromalium, Br. aciculare, See. they are broader than
the other leaves, and more hollow at the bafe. Where
the difk-like fubftances form a kind of bud, as in almoft
all the Hypnums, the Bryvja extinilorium, Br. fubulatum,
Br. pulvinatum, Br. hypnoideum, &c. they are much fmaller
than the leaves; they are alfo concave, egg or fpoon-
flriped, and deftitute of the hairs which adorn the real
leaves of the plant. Thefe tlaerefore are truly the
Empalement, or Fence, and as they include the florets
vdth Chives only, we call them Uic Fences of the barren

f LORETS.

Upon

i8

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Upon an accurate infpe6lion of the Moffes which bear
Capfules towards their extremities, i. e. fertile flowers, we
obferve that the leaves adjoining to the fruit-ftallc are
rnuch more beautiful than thofe on the ftems. But fome-
times the inner leaves become gradually fmaller, and
thofe nearefl: to the flowers fo very minute, that without
a Microfcope it is not poffible to dilfeft them away fo as
to expofe the flower. Thios pi. xiv. f. 19. exhibits a plant
of the Bryum ^yn/brme, faj contains the banren, (b) the
fertile flower; f. 20. fliews the fertile flower laid bare to
the lafl: confpicuous leaf, within which the flower lies
hidden, but this being removed, other flill fmaller fcales
come into view. f. 2 1 ,

Thefe therefore are to be confidered as the fences of
the fertile flowers, furrounding and embracing the Seed-
bud. Thefe fences, like thofe in many other well known
. plants, often grow larger as the capfule advances to matp-

PJ.xiv. f.17. rity. A fmall plant of the Bryum rxt/nftor/wjn, wdth the
lower leaves taken away, to fliew the bud-like Empale-
ment of the barren floret, - a <

f. 18. A plant of the Bryum pvivinatum, wdth the leaves
taken away, to fliew the flowering buds, fa) the barren;
(b the fertile flower.

f. 19. A fertile and a barren plant of theBRYUM'^r/Tormc.
f. 20. The fertile floret enclofed ivithin its innermoft
leaves.

f. 21. The fame, with all but one of its leaves removed*

I

Flowers xmth Chives,

The Tips are almofl; univerfally cylindrical, and eitlier
frraight or crooked, but in the Sphagnum puliijlre^ and
the Mnium androgynum, they are egg-fhaped and more or
lels tapering to a point. Their colour is a very dilute
green, almofl white. When viewed under the highefl
magnifiers, and flrongly illuminated by reflefted light,
they are found to contain a granulated fubflance ; but
their tops are v^y pellucid, and this pellucid part expands
into a rding veficle at the time the dufl is about to be
alienated, as at c pi. xiv. f. 22. The top then opens and
t le dufl IS ejefted, the fpace from which it iflues becoming
more tianlpaient. This dufl, when evacuated, feems to
, explode in the drop of ivater, in which thefe obfervations
ought to be made. See f. 23.

Befides

19

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

Befides the Tips, included within the fame fence, we
find feme very delicate fucculent bodies, of various fhapes.

In the PoLYTRicHUM commune they are club-fhaped, but
tapering to a point ; in the Mnium fontanum, and palu[t7-e,
the Bryum rurale, and undulatum, they are jointed and
bluntifli. In the Bryum hornum the lafi; joint is fharp.

In MtiivM ferpyllifolium, pun6latum, cufpidatum, and Bryum
fyriforme, they have a jointed ftem terminated by a glo-
bule, f. 24, In the Mnium hygrometricum they have
different fhapes in the fame floret ; in fome they are
thread-lhaped and more or lefs pointed ; in the Sphagnum
palujlre they encircle the tip. Sometimes they are much
longer than the tips, as in the Bryum pellucidum and pyri-
forme, at other times Ihorter, as in Buxbaumia JeJfdis, and
Bryum pulvinatum.

We mufl; add, refpefting the fhape of thefe barren
florets, that in the Polytrichums and Mniums fome are
like difks, others like rofes, and fome like ftars, when in
a fully expanded flate. In the ftellated Polytrichums,
the fcales are placed in concentric circles. In Mnium
hornum, palujlre, fontanum, &c. they are more like a rofe
or a difk. After the duff is difperfed, thefe rofes or ftars
become more expanded, but, previous thereto, they are
generally fo open as to admit a view of the parts they
contain. In fome Moffes the flowers terminate the
branches, as in Mnium pyriforme, and purpureum ; Bryum
pelluctdum, aciculare, fcoparium, heteromallum, vmdulum,

Jimplex, &.C. in fuch, though a little open, they are not
enough fo to allow a fight of the tips until the flowering
be paft. Some florets are like buds, and fit in the bofom
of the leaves, and others in the tileu and thickened ter-
mination of the branches as in the Sphagnum.

Two Chives of the Bryum extin6iorium, /'cj one ready Pl.xlv, f.22.
to burft, fdj one throwing out its duft, (eee) fucculent
veflels,

f. 23.^ A Tip of the Bryum truncatulum viewed in the
Solar Microfeope whilft it throws out its duft.

f. 24. A Tip of the Bryum pyriforme, with faa) the
fucculent veffels.

Flowers

?? CRYPTOGAMIA.

j,.. '' Flowers xmth Point ah.

Thefe are furninied with the ufual female organs, viz,
a Seed-bud, a Shaft, and a Summit, pj. xjv. fig. 25 ; but
being accompanied by other fubftances much refembling
them, they are difficult to be diflinguiflied until the
Seed-bud begins to fwell, in confequence of its impreg-
nation. ^hefe fubftances, of whofe ufe I ackjiowledge
inyfelf ignorant, may for the prefent be cz\kd fucculent
pointals, fee fig. 26. They are fo like the real pointals
' ' that one might readily believe nature had formed the.

flowers with many pointals, in order that fome might*
have the better chance of impregnation. But there are
feveral circumftances which refute this fuppofition. Pro-
bably they are intended to fupply the fiov/ers with moil^
ture in dry weather.*

Pl.xiv. f. 25. The rudiment of the fruit, or pointal of the Buxbaumu
fejilis.

f.‘26. A fertile flower of the Bryum extinSloriumf witB
the fucculent pointals,

*

Of the Capfule and the Calyptra or Veil.

The pointal after impregnation daily growing lar<yer
and rifing upwards, fhews the part well known by the
name of Calyptra or Veil. It m^ be confidered as a
~ kind of Petal, which is perforated at the top by the fliaft
of the Pointal, This fliaft is fometimes permanent, fall-
ing off with the Veil, but where it is not fo, the remains
of it are always to be found,

f, 27. A capfule of the Bryum pulvi'natum, with a part of the
^ fruit-flalk. The Veil being thrown off, the Ring and
the Peristoma or Fringe become vifible.

f. 28. The Ring when feparated and expanded,
f. 29. The Veil.

f. 29.* The Veil of the Jungermannia

^ * Thefe fubnances may aptly be compared to the florets vsdth fuperfltioiis
Po.ntals tn the order Polygamia fuperflua of the clafs Syngenefla. or to the
barren florets m the Rundle- bearing plants of the Pentandria clafs; and
Iheir ufes may probably be the fame, whatever thofe ufes may be WtTH

/

Flowers inconspicuous.

“The Capfule or Seed-vejfel.

From what has been alledged, it is evident that what
Linnaeus called the Antlieras, or Tips, are really the Seed-
■“ veffels, and by fowing the Seed which they contain,- I
have repeatedly procured a .crop of young plants, in all
refpe6ls fimilar to their parents*

The Capfules of Molfes are always fupported upon a
fruit-ftalk, though fometimesitisvery {lrort,andt:xcepting
only in the Sphagnum paiujlre, this fruit-ftalk is flieathed
and conical at its bafe. The Capsules vary in fliape,
fize, and confiftence. In fome fpecies there is an elaftic
ring between the Capfule and the Veil, pl.xiv. f. 28, which
wlien the Seed is ripe, throws off the Veil with more or
lefs force. The Veil, f. 29, being thrown off, we find
certain fringe-like procelfesor proje6lions, f. 2j, faj vary-
ing greatly in fize, fliape, ftru6lure, number and difpofi-
tion. They furround the opening of the capfule in a
fingle or double, rarely in a triple feries. Thefe fub-
ftances I fliall beg leave to call the Peristoma.* The
ufe of this Periftoma or Fringe, feems to be to defend the
Seeds in wet weather. In dry weatlier it expands and
leaves the mouth of the Capfule open, but upon the lealt
moifture, even tliat of ones breath, it clofes again.

Seeds.

ilie Seeds of Mofles are fpheri cab generally finooth,
fometimes dotted as in Bryum extlvBorium, fometimes
prickly, as in Bryum pyriformei' ox heteromallum. They
are brown, yellow, or greenifh.

Uses. — Mosses thrive beft in barren places* Moft of them-
lovecold and moifiure. Trifling and infignificant as many
people think them, their ufes are by no means incon-
iiderable. They protect the more tender plants when they
lirfl: begin to expand in the fpring, as the experience of
the gardener can teflify, which teaches him to cover with

Mofs

* On the varying ftruflure of the Periftoma, and tlie figure and difpofitiou
■ ,of the baircn florets, the author propofes to eftablifh the Genera of Mollcs,

i

I

22

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Mofs the foil and pots that contain his tendereft plants i
for it equally defends the roots again the fcorching fun
beams and the feverity of the froft. In the fpring, when
the fun has confiderable power in the day time, and the
froftsat night are fevere; the roots of young trees and
fhrubs are liable to be thrown out of the ground, parti-
cularly in light fpongy foils. But if they are covered
with Mofs,, this accident never can happen. Thofe who
are fond of raifing trees from feeds, will find their intereft
in attending to tliis remark.

Moffes retain moifture a long time without being dif-
pofed to putrefy. The angler takes advantage of this cir-
cumftancd to preferve his worms, and the gardener to
keep moift the roots of fuch plants as are to be tranfported
to any confiderable diftance.

It is a vulgar error to fuppofe that Moffes impoverifli
land. It is true they grow upon poor land tha't can fup-
port nothing elfe ; but their roots penetrate very little,
in general hardly a quarter of an inch into the earth.
Take aw'ay the Mofs, and inftead of more grafs you will
have lefs ; but manure and drain the land ; the grafs will
increafe and the Mofs difappear.

The Sphagnum palujlre, the Mnium triquetrum, the
Bryum paludofum and ccejliuum, the Hypnum aduncum,
fcorpioides, riparium, and cufpidatum grow upon the fides
and fhallower parts of pools and marfhes ; and in procefs
of time; occupying the fpace heretofore filled with water^
are in their half decayed Bate dug up and ufed as fuel
under the name of Peat. Thefe marflies, drained partly
by human induftry, and partly by the long continued
operations of vegetables, are at length converted into
fertile meadows.

Very few Moffes are eaten by cattle. The Bifhop
Moth and the Bruflcls Lace Moth feed upon fome of
them. Their medicinal virtues are but little known, and
lefs attended to. I think it probable that on account of
their aftririgent properties, fome of them might be worth
trying as a fubftitute for Oak bark in tanning leather.

AL'G^.

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

23

AL'GiE. Thongs.

The plants comprifed under this divifion fcarcely admit
of a diftin6tion of root, ftem, and leaf; much lefs are we
enabled to defcribe the parts of the flowers. Tlie Genera
therefore are diftinguilhed by the fituation of what we
fuppofe to be the flowers or feeds, or by the refemblance
of the whole plant to fome other fubftance we are well
acquainted with.

Linnaeus calls the plants of this Order Sea-weeds, but
with no great propriety; for very few of the Genei~a have
any thing to do with the fea. We rather choofe to call
them Thongs, beca.ufe the fubftance of moft of them is
more or lefs like leather, and many of them are in the
form of Thongs. In plate i ft. E. and F. are fpecimens
of one of the Genera, and G. of another.

Thefe plants, though generally looked upon as unwor-
thy of notice, are of great confequence in the oeconomy
of nature, and afford the firft foundation for vegetation.
Thus one fpecies of the Bvssus, and feveral fpecies of the
Lichen fix upon the bareft rocks, and are nouriflied by
what {lender fupply the air and the rains afford them.
When thefe die, they are converted into a very fine earth
in which the tiled Lichens find nourifliment, and when
thefe putrefy and fall to duft, various Moffes, as the
Brvum Hvpnum, &c. occupy their place; and in length
of time when thefe perifh in their turn, tliere is a fuffi-
ciency of foil in which trees and other plants take root.
This procefs of nature is fufficiently apparent upon the
fmooth and barren rocks upon the fea fhore.

Some of the Fusci are efculent.

Many of the Lichens are a grateful food to Goats; and
the Rein-deer, which conftitutes the whole oeconomy of
the Laplanders, and fupports many thoufand inhabitants,
lives upon one of the fpecies. Many of the fpecies afford
colours for dying. One of them brought from the Canary
Iflands, viz. the Orchel, or Argol, makes a very conli-
derable article of traffic. It is not improbable that fome
of the fpecies growing in our own ifland may afford very
beautiful and ufeful colours; but this matter has not been
fufficiently examined. Mr. Hellot gives us the following
procefs for difcovering whether any of thefe plants will
yield a red or purple colour. “ Put about a quarter of an

“ ounce

4

CRYPTOGAMIA.

“ ounce of the plant in queftion into a fmall glafs ;
“ moiften it well, with equal parts of ftrong Lime-water
“ and fpirit of Sal Ammoniac ; or the fpirit of Sal Ammo-
“ niac made with quick-liine will do without Lime-water.
“ Tye a wet bladder clofe over the top of the veffel, and
“ let it ftand three or four days. If any colour is likely
“ to be obtained^ the frriall quantity of liquor you will

find in the glafs will be of a deep crimfoii red; and the
“ plant will retain the fame colour when the. liquor is all
“ dried up. If neither the liquor nor the plant have
“ taken any colour, it is needleft to make any . furtlier
“ trials with it.*’

Mr. Hedwig calls federal of the Alga Mtrsci hepatid,
and lhapelefs and unorganized as fome of them feem, his
genius, aided by indefatigable induftrj^- has explored the
heretofore latent fecrets of their fruftifictition. Of thefe
difcoveries I fubjoin an abftraft fufficient perhaps to ex-
cite others in this country; who may have leifure, to a
hill further profecution of a fubjeft, in which much flill
remains to be difcovered;

5 2. De MUSCIS HEPATICIS.

All the fertile florets have a double Empalement, or i
Cup and a Blossom. In lhape and flru6lure they greatly
refemble the Mufd jrondojii but I have never found the
fucculent threads ; the Pointal-like fubftances are how-
ever found, accompanying both the Seed-bud and the
ripened Caphde ; but not in all the fpecies.

^ The Capfule, like thofe of the preceding Molfes, is
iriclofed in a Veil, to which the Shaft adheres ; but this
Veil is not as in them, loofened at its attachment and
railed along with the growing Capfule, it tears open in
two, three, or four places, and has therefore been fome-
times conlidered as a petal.

All thefe Molfes agree in ripeiiing their fruit, whicli
is raifed upon an elongated fruit-flalk, and opens into four

attached to elaftic cords,
i hele Seeds pioved upon trial to reproduce their refpec-
tive plants. ^

J UNGER MAN'NIA ncmo'rca. It bears its barren
, flowers, which are of a reddilh brown colour, at the fum-
mit or extremity of the Stem, in one plant, and its fertile
florets at the extremity of another plant.

f. 30. A

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

f. 30. A barren plant of its natural fizc.

f. 31. The flowering fummit of the barren plant.

33‘ The feed-bud of the fertile plant, with its
poiiual, and 5 pointal-like bodies at its bafe^ taken from
the fencing leaves at the top of the plant.

JUNGERMAN^NIA afpleniot'd^s. The extremity
of the Chive-bearing plant forms a beautiful tiled, two-
rowed fence of leaflts, very concave at the bafe^ within
each of which are found 2 or 3 Chives, of a milky coloui'.

The fei tile flowers are on a d.flinft plants inclpded
alfo in a leafy fence, at the top ol the plant,
f. 35. A barren plant of its natural fize.
f. 36. The tiled leaves at the extremity of the plant,
which include the Tips.

f. 37. A I’ip taken out of the leafy fence,
f. 38. A Tip Open at the end; after ihedding its dull,
f. 39. A fertile plant of its natural fize;
f. 40^. The Seed-bud wuith its fhaft and accompanyino'
pointal-like veflels, taken out of its fence-leaf at the
extremity of the plant.

f. 41. The Seeds, with the elaftic threads to w'hich they
are attached, ■'

JUNGERMAN'NIA pujil'lw. Tlie Chives very
inuch refemble thofe of the Sphagnum palujlre ; they are
placed upon the Stem, in the bofom of the leaves : their
colour greenilh, changing to yellow. The fertile flower
IS found towards the top of the fame plant, included in
a leafy fence ; but by the growth of the plant during
the ripening of the Capfules, they are at length found
about its middle. ,

1. 42. The plant of its natural fize.

t 43. The fame magnified, to (hew the 4 Chives at its
bale, and the fertile flower at its fummit.

f. 44. A Chive more highly magnified,
fehce and Shaft taken out of its leafy

f. 29.* The Veil feparated from the ripened Capfule.

1. 46. A Seed, with its elaftic thread.

J U N G E R M A N ' N I A pa/ma'ta. The flowers wi
hives are found at the extremities of the branche
after flmvcnng, they fall off, and give the branch t
’ ^ appei

26

CRYPTOGAMIA.

appearance of having been lopped. The fertile flower
is generally at the bafe of the branches, but fometimes
alfo at their fides, on a diftinft plant.

PI. xi\> ,f. 4y. A barren plant of the natural fize.

Pi. XV. f. 48. The fame magnified, to ifiiew the barren florets

(a a), (c) one of them open at the end.

Pi. xiv. f. 4p. Two Chives feparated.

f. 50. A fertile plant of the fame fpecies magnified,
with the Capfule open, its valves turned back, and the
elaftic threads at its extremity.

, f. 5 1 . The elaflic thread, with the feeds.

J UNGER MAN'NIA furca'ta. The barren flowers
of this are found concealed in the fubftance of its trimk ;
its fertile ones are on the fame plant, andpoffefs nearly
a fimilar fituation.

f. 52. The plant of the natural fize.
f. 53. A fmall bit of it highly magnified, to fhew the
two barren florets fa a,', and the fertile floret (b).
f. 54. A barren floret further magnified,
f. 55. A Chive feparated.

f . 56 . The Empalement of the fertile floret cut through
lengthways.

f. 57. The ripe Capfule open, and the Seeds adhering
to the elaftic threads.

JUNGERMAN'NIA epiphyl'la. The barren florets
form protuberances on the upper furface of the leaves.
The fertile florets are formed at the extremityof the leaf,
but as they ripen, the growth of the leaf continuing,
they ultimately appear on its difk. Want of attention
to this circumftance has given rife to errors refpefting
the fpecies of thefe plants.

f. 58. The plant fomewhat magnified to fhew more
diftin6tly the dots of barren florets, and the fertile floret
concealed under its. fcaly empalement at the end of the
leaf, at fd).

f. 59. The fertile floret taken out of its empalement,

MARCHANT'IA polymor'pha. Early in tire fpring
. we find upon this plant certain glafs-lhaped cups, con-
taining leiitile-lhaped fubftances ; thefe, are perfect young
plants, either formed at once from. the parent plant, or
elfe growing froin feeds depofited thereon. Soon after

we

PI. XV.

Flowers inconspicuous.

We may obferve fome entire targets formed ; and as thefe
rife upon their foot-flrlks, on other plants, either on the
fame, or on a different tuft, ftellated targets aooeav
which grow taller than the entire ones; The entire
targets, when cut through, vertically^ are found to
contaii^the Chives; furrounded by then- fucculcnt vef-
fels. The ftellated targets contain the feed-buds, two or
three of which ate found under each of the v^ys /
invefted with its membrane, out of which the poiiitai
to the impregnation of the feed-bud.

1 hele ieed-buds do not npeii ail at the fame time. In a
favourable fituation this plant flowers again in July. From
what has been faid; it is evident that it belongs to the
clafs Dio EC I A.

f. 6o. A target of barren flowers cut perpendicularly PI. x\
down through the foot-flalk. ^ ^

f. 6i. A follicle of Chives taken out and more magni-
fied to Ihew its furrounding ring.

f. 62. A Seed-bud, with its fhafh proje6ling.

f. 63. A Capfule, with its 3 fucculent fibres;

_f. 64. An elaftic cord taken out of the ripe Capfule
With one of the feeds, ’

MARCHANT'IA co'nica. The barren flowers are
fitting ; m every other refpeft they fo exaftly refemble
thole of the preceding fpecies; as to render any further
defcnption of them unneceffary ; but the fertile flowers
have a Angular ftru6lure in refpeft to the pointals. At
the time the Chives attain perfedtion, the conical alfem-
blage of fertile flowers difplays within their proper mem-
branes as many pointed fliafts, as there are feed-buds.

Un account of their tender ftru6ture it is very difficult
to examine them, but when nicely dilfeaed, the fhaft
appears to proceed from the bafe of tlie feed-bud, and
towards its point. The capfule is fur-
nifhed with a Veil, which does not fall off, but burfls by
the expanfion of the Capfule, which at length, when
a’ 4 Valves, which roll back.

’ f S’ ^ of barren florets cut down perpendicularly.

I. 66. Six fertile flowers taken from the common fruit-
italk, with the fix fhafts bent back*

a/ 1 nP*^ Capfule opened by the rolling back of the

Valves (hj. fhewing the feeds fixed to the elaftic cords fij.

PI.

AN-

(

28 C R Y P T O G A M I A.

ANTHO'CEROS he’ms. The Chives, covered by
Uie outer fkiu of the leaf, form fpots of a yellowifli green
colour, and fomewhat railed. As they approach to ma-
turity, the Ikin burfis and contrafts into an oval fliape,
forming an Empalement. Each of thefe fpots contains
three or more Ibllicles of Chives, of a reddilh yellow co-
lour. Each Chive is furniflied with its threaa, and fur-
rounded by a jointed fucculent veflel. At the fame time
the fertile llower afl'umes an elevated conical figure, fup-
jx)rting a Veil on its extremity, furnilhed with a very
ihort ihaft. When ripe, it changes to a dark brown co-
lour, divides into two valves, fcattering its feeds with an
cxplolive power.

The Anthoceros punBatum refembles this fpecies in its
parts of fructification,

PI. xvi. f. 63. A part of the leaf magnified, to flrew one fertile,
and four barren florets.

Pi. XV. f. 69. Two of the Chives taken out of a barren floret.

f. 70. A [aerpendicular feftion, to fliew the Capfule
jufl emerging from its Iheaths, and fupporting its veil.

Pi. xvi. ^ f. 71. The ripe Capfule opened, with thie columnar
receptacle, and a few remaining Seeds.

f. 72. A ripe feed, prickly, and its elafli€ membrane.

B L A'S I A ptifil'la. It flow^ers in the beginning of
May ; at which time the leaf is narrow, and the Chives
appear very near to its rib; but as the membranaceous
parts expand with the growth of the leaf, they at length
' appear at a difbnce from the rib. The Tips are yellowilh,
rather protuberating, inclofed in a follicle, from which
they are with difficulty extracted. Towards the end of the
plant we difcover the pointal, with its fummit fitting on
the rudiment of the fruit, but it is very fugacious. As
the fruit ripens, the place before occupied by the fliaft
appears as a tube, not unlike the conical horn of the An-
thoceros. The Capfule now becomes more heart-lliaped,
and its narrow point looks towards the root of the plant.
At length the globular feeds in its cavity become diliin6t;
and when ripe they are puflicd out of the mouth of the
tube either by their own expanfion , or by the contra6lioa
of the capfule, and flicking there, have an appearance like
the barren floret of the Mnium andi o^ynum.

f. 73. The plant magnifiai, to fliew the dots of the '
barren florets, and the two fertile ones.

f. 74: A

29

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

f. 74. A Chive taken out of a barren floret. PI. xvi.

f. 75. An unripe Capiule divided perpendicularly to
fhew the feeds.

R I C ' C I A s;lau'ca. The leaf has no rib, but feenis
compofed of veflels equally difperfed. When magnifled,
it appears covered with tubercles, and amongft thele we
obferve diftinft Ihining globules. One of thele globules
when nicely diflefted, and expofed to the higheft magni-
fying power, in a drop of water, appears of a granulated
texture. I conflder thole as the Tips, for nodiing elfe
appears like them. The fertile flower lies imbedded
in the fubftance of the plant, where it ripens its fruit.

They who reflect how fmall a part of a body is dedicated
to the purpofes of generation in com pari fon of its whole
bulk, will conceive the difficulty of cbferving the very
minute pointal of this plant, buried as it is in the lub- ■
ftance of the plant, its fummit only, opening on its fur-
face. As the Cupfule fwells, it becomes moi'e appai'ent,
and by a perpendicular fection through the fubftance of
the leaf, we difcover the fhaft, of a beautiful brown colour,
afcending from the Capfule to its furface. The feeds are
at fii-ft white, afterwards greenilh, but nearly tranfparent,
and furrounded with a very tranfparent white border. The
Capfules, when ripe, open on the furface of the plant,
forming a black fpot, vifible to the naked eye. They are
generally obfervable towards the bafe of the leaf,

f. 76. The plant of its natural lize.

f. 77. Part of the fame magnified, to firew the more
fuperficial fpots containing the Chives, and the deeper
feated fertile flowers (a a '.

f. 78. A follicle of Tips feparated, and highly magni^
fied.

f. 79. A perpendicular feftion through the fubftance of
the plant, to Ihew the ripening capl'ules, and their lhafts
riling up to the furface of the leaf.

1. 80. A Capfule taken out, together with its fliaft.

LI 'CHEN cilia' ris. The fringes from 'the extre-
mities deftined to take root, and the downy matter on
the furface, have nothing to do with the real parts of
Iruftification. lliefe are to be found in the concave
faucers, or convex targets or warts, either on the fame
or oil a different plant. They both arife from a kind of

C 3 knot

CRYPTOGAM! A.

50
o

knot on the under furface of the plant. The warts
change to a brown and then to a black colour at the top j
but before they become brown, a perpendicular feftidn
through one of them, difcovers a fingle or double cell
buried in the tender pulp of the plant, and filled with a
granulated fubftance. Whenever the top of this wart or
tubercle turns black, the granulated mafs has then efcaped
through it, and only a kind of jelly remains in the cells;
which however foon vanilhes, whilft the whole tubercle
becomes black and hard. This procefs is performed in a
fhoi't time.

The rifing particle which is defiined to form a con-
cave faucer, becomes hollow and green at the top, through
which if we make a perpendicular feftion, we find fibres
radiating from its center, and forming a femi-circle,
bounded by a more opake line. As this continues grow-
ing, the faucer becomes larger arrd more and more open.
Its cavity is at firfi; reddilh, gradually becoming darker.
At length it becomes a perfe6l faucer, either fitting, or
fupported on a fhort foot ; its border fpol loped or entire,
black within when moift, and greyilh when dry.

If now we cut the faucer through, and examine a
vertical lection of it in a little water, we fliall find imme-
diately under the black cruft at the top, the feeds difpofed
in ftraight perpendicular columns. When very highly
magnified thefe feeds appear egg-ftiaped, but marked with
a diftindl groove tranfverfely. No unprejudiced perfon
can therefore doubt that the warts with the black tops are
the barren flowers, and the faucers the fertile ones.

The faucers in all the fpecies of Lichens refemble the
above in. their mode of flowering, and in the fame difpo-
fition of their fruit. The chive-bearing flowers are alfo
fimilar, whether contained like thofe of the L. ciliaris in
the fubftance of the plant, or as in others, on its furface.
In fome fpecies, as in the L. pliyfodes, they are found on
the extremities of the brandies; in others on the edges, as
in the L. farinaceus ; fraxineus : in others again on the
under furface, as in the L. pulmonprius, apluliofus, kc.
where they fometimes form circles fomewhat refembling
faucers, as in the h.jhilaris,

PI. xvi, f. 8i. Part of the plant magnified, to fiiew fooc) the
barren, and fmj the fertile flower. {7}7ij the fringes
which ftrike root; fome of them expanding at the the end.

f. 82. The fedtion of a chive-bearing flower cut through
perpendicularly. f, 83.

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS,

f, 83. The feftion of an unopened fertile flower, Pl. xvi.

i. 84. Seftion of a flower, with the ripe feedsi ,

i. 85. Ripe feeds taken out,

L I ' C H E N phyfo'def.
f. 86. The barren plant of its natural fize,
f. 87, Its Chive-bearing extremity highly magnified.

F U N ' G I. FungufTes.

We know very little about the Flowers or Seeds of the
Funguffes; the generic charafters are therefore taken
from their external form. In plate i. at H. a fpecies of
Agaric is reprefented to fliew faj the Ring; fbj the
Stem; the Pileus.

All the Genera under this dirdfion, particularly the
LypoPERDON, and Mucor, abound with a black pow-dei*,
which examined with a good Microfcope is found to con-
flft of globules which are fuppofed to be the. feeds. But
the Baron Munckiiausen fays thefe globules are, femi-
tranfparent, containing a little black particle. He fiiy^
too that' if this powder is mixed with water and kept in a
warm place, the globules prefently fwell and are changed
into egg-fhaped felf-moving animalcules. In about two
days thefe animalcules unite and form a mafs of a pretty
firm texture, or Fungus. When thefe Funguffes begin
to grow, they appear like white veins, which are com-,
monly fuppofed to be the roots; but in faft they are only
tubes in w'hich the animalcules move, and in a Ihort time
are_ transformed into a Fungus, which, with plenty of
moifture, and a proper degfee of warmth, grptvs to a very
large fize. The black powder found betwixt the gills of
Muflirooms produces the fame phaenomena,

A fa6l fo Angular could not fail to excite the attention
of philofophers,' and accordingly the accurate and inge-
nious Mr. Ellis, whofe difcoveries in many abfirule parts
of the animal and vegetable, kingdoms do him th6 highefl
honour, undertook the fubjedt, and foon demonflrated
that the motion of thefe globules was occihoned by a
number of very minute animalcula feeding upon them;
but the animalculaj being much fmaller than the globules
are difficult to detect, on which account the Baron fcems

to

CRYPTOGAM I A.

to have overlooked them. — See Philofophical Tranf. vol,
, lix. pi 138. — See alfo Gent. Mag. for 1773, p. 316.

Fnnguflfes have been foughi for as food, upon account
of their fine flavour ; the fpecies ufed in this ifland for
that purpofe are very few, in France they are more gene-t
rally adopted, and hill more fo in Italy; but we are told
that in Ruffia they are eaten almofl; indifGriminately,falted
and kept for winter ul’e. It is certain that many people
in this country’have been killed by eating fome of the
fpecies, but I believe few of them are really poifpnous, in
the fmft and proper fenfe of the word. Some of them
have been found of confiderable ufe in hopping external
haemorrhages, and the acrimonious qualities of otlrers will
probably fome day be turned to good account.

The following are the principal difcoverie^ of HEDWIG
on the fubje.61 of Fungi.

AGAR'ICUS f Amanita) arhorea moUis, coloris cxacle
crocei, Dill, GiJJ'. 182,

. On dividing a plant of tins fpecies longitudinally,
through the middle, before the Curtain had began to
fepa rate from the edge of the Pileus, the whole inner
furface appeared white ; but whilh my attention had been
arrefted by fome hill whiter lines obfervable in the flelh
of the Pileus and of the hem, the upper and irrner furface
of the Curtain changed to a violet, and in a fliort time to
a brownifh colour. On nicely raifing a fmall portion o^
this furface, and viewing it under high magnifiers, I dif-
CDvered pellucid fucculent veffels, and innumerable oval
globules conne^led therewith, of a dilute brown colour.
The part from which this portion had been taken away,
did not change colour again.

I next examined a portion taken from one of the Gills,
whilfi it was yet white. It was divifible, though not
readily, into two lamina. The lower edge was thicklv
fet with tender cylindrical fubftances, fome of which had
a globule at their extremities, but otliers not. Th.e Gill
itlelf appeared of a reticulated ftrufture, with larger and
more difiinft fpots, a little raifed.

In another older plant of the fame fpecies, when the
Curtain \wjs torn, the Pileus pretty fully expanded, and
the Gills turned yellow, the uppqrpart of the Item began

to

33

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

to be tinged by a brown powder flied from the Gills. It
was evident on examination, that this brown powder was
the Seeds, and that it proceeded from the larger fpots
before obferved in the Gills, the two laminae of which
now readily feparated.

f. 88. A view of the plant cut down lengthways, jPl. xvi,

f. 89. Strings of Chives, very much magnified,
f. 90. A portion of the Gill, to Ihew the unripe feeds,
f. 9 r . The ripe feeds.

There is therefore reafon to believe that the Chives are
the globules attached to the threads lound within the
Curtain. After thefe vanilb., the plant continues to
grow until it fcatters its Seeds, and then it dies.

We learn from thefe obfervations, that the full expan-
fion of the Pileus indicates the maturity of the Seeds, and
tliat the following is performed previous to the rupture of
the Curtain.

On examining the Curtains and the Rings of different
Agarics and Boleti, I have always found the above-men-
tioned globules on their upper or inner furface. In
fome of the yellow Agarics they are fo numerous on
the upper furface, as to ftain the fingers when touched,
but the under fide is fmooth and entirely deftitute of ’
them. Some few Agarics, feem to have only a row of
thefe threads befet with globules at the edge of the Pileus,
whilft it is in contact with the Item, and upon its expan-
iion they llirivel and drop off.

It is true that in many Agarics we neither find Curtain,
nor Ring, nor thefe threads at the edge of the Pileus,
but when this is the cafe, the threads are placed upon the
Stem ; and may readily be found by examining the plant
in its very young ftate, before the edge of the Pileus
feparates from the fiem. This ftru6ture takes place in
many of the Agarics, the Hydnum imbrkatum, and the
Boleti, which are rarely furnifhed with a Curtain.

After the Pileus in thefe is expanded, and the fiem grown
longer, its upper part where the Chive5 were feated, he-
roines reticulated. The Seeds of the Boleti are found
vvitliin the membrane that lines the tubes.

I he ftem-lefs Agarics and Boleti prelent fimilar appear-
ances about the edge, and at the bafe. I have alfo found
lomething of the lame kind in the Peziza cyathoides, whoi'c

feeds

34

C 1? Y P T O G A M I A.

feeds appear to be inclofed in a kind of pod ; and likewTf^
in one or more of the Lycoperdons; but thefe have not
yet been fufficiently examined.

Whether the fucculent veffels in the margin, fig, go,
or the furface of the gills, or the mouths of the tubes be,
or be not, fhafts and fummits ; or whether they are de-
figned for any other purpoi'e, 1 fliall not determine..

It is however fufficiently evident, that the Agarics, and
the*Boleti, are vegetables, and that they belong to the

Clafs MoNOEctA, / o .

%

S'

/

/

CRYPTOGAM! Ar

* •

♦ /

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

F r L I C E S. Ferns.'

* FrucHfcations in a /pike.

1284. Equise'tum spike fcattered. Flowers target-

fhaped ; with valves at the bafe.
T288. Ophioglos'sum. Spike pinted. Fruit cut round.

1289. Osmun'da Spike bynch-like. p'ruit 2 valves.

T^nij^ificcUifms un thz under Jurf ace of the Leaves.

1 290. Acro STicHUM. Covering the whole furface of

the leaf.

1296. Polypo'dium In diftinft fpots upon furface

of the leaf,

1295. Asple'i^ium. .... In feveral nearly parallel lines,

upon the furface of the leaf.

1291. Pte'ris In lines at the edge of the leaf.

1 297. Adian'tum In fpots, covered by the points of

the leaves bent back.

1 298. Tricho'manes. Frudlif cations folitary ; inferted in

the very edge of the leaf,

* * * FniSttf cations at the Roots. '

1300. Pilula'ria with 4 cells,

1301. Iso'etes, Cflp/a/e with 2 cells.

MUS'CI.

35

CRYPTO, G AMI A,

M U S ' C I. Moffes.

* Without Veils.

1302. Lycopo'dium,.... Capfule -with 2 vzU’cs; fittino-,
1304. Sphag'num. .... Capfule with a fmooth mouth.
J3°5* Phas'cum Capfule with a fringed mouth.

* * With Veils. Chives and Pointals diJlinSf,

1308. Splach'num Capfule with a large excrefcence,

Fhafcum ampullaceum.

1309. Poly'trichum. Capfule with a very fmall excrcr,

icence; bordered.

Mnium polytrichoides. Biyum Jlriatum.

1310. Mni'um Capfule without any excrefcence*

* * * with Veils. Chives and Pointals on the fame plant.

J31 1. Bry'um Capfule on a fruit-ftalk, riling out

of a tubercle at the end of the

branch,

Phafcum acqulon. Hafrxtn Jubulatum.

13 1 2. Hvp'NT'-!'f? Capfule on a fruit-ftalk, rifing out

of a fcaly bulb at the fide of
the branch,

igofi* Fqntina'lis. .... Capfule Htting ; inclofed in a tiled
’ fcaly bulb.

1307, Buxbau'mia. .... Capfule on a fruit-ftalk, membra-
naceous on one fide.

A L ' G Thongs.

* Growing on the ground.

^3 ^3’ Jungerman'nia. Flowers with a fimple empal^ of 4

valves, t

f See Retz. fcand. p. 201.

1315. Mar-

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS*

1315. Marchant'ia* Flowers on the under fide of a

cdmmon target-lhaped eiiapale-
ment.

^314. Targio'nia. .... Flowers withanempal. of 2 valves.

1318. Antho'ceros. Hore/t’rr with a tubular Empale-

ment. Capfulea.\v\-rmped,with.
2 valves.

1316. Bla'sia Fruit cylindrical, tubular.

1315. Rig'cia Fra/f little Grains in the fubfiance

of the leaf.

1319. Li'chen Fruit in a fmooth even Ihining

receptacle. -

1324. Bys'sus. Subjlance woolly.

* * Growing in water. 1

1320. Tremel'la S ub ft ance gehtinoxis.

1322. Ul'va Subjlance memhTtimceousi

1321. Fu'cus Subfiance like leather.

1323. Confer'va Subjlance like hair.

F U N ' G I. Fuliguffesi

J I. Seeds on the under furfaces

: Meru'lius.

1325. Aga'ricus*

Fistuli'na.

1326. Bole'tus*

1327. Hyd'num.
1330* Helvel'la

Pileus with Gills underneath, of
the fame fubftance with the
reft of the plant.-
Pileus with Gills underneath, of
a different fubftance from the
reft of the plant.

Pileus with feparate tubes under-
neath. Seeds in the tubes.
Pileus with united tubes under-
neath. Seeds in the tubesi
Pileus with folid cylinders under-
neath. Seeds on the cylinders.
Pileus on a ftem, fmooth under-
- neath. Seeds on the under
furface*

N

Auri-

CRYPTOGAMIA.

38

Auricula'ria Flat, membranaceous, fixed when

young by the whole under fur- -
face. Seeds on the upper fur-
face which becomes rev erfed as
it attains maturity.

' ’ § 2. Seeds on the upper furface.

\

1331. Pezi'za Cup-fnaped or concave. Seeds

difcharged by jerks from the
upper furface only.

Ni'dularia Leathery; fitting; bell-fliaped.

Capfules large, flat, fijced to pedi-
cles at the bottom of the bell.

1328. Phal'lus. Stem fupporting acellular head.

Seeds in the cells.

§ 3. Seeds on every part of the furface.

3332. Clava'ria Oblong, upright, club-fliaped.

Seeds emitted from every part
of its furface.

$ 4. Seeds in the fuhfance of the plant.

Tu'ber Flefliy, folid, not becoming pow-

, ^ dery ; not opening at the top.

1333. Lycoper'don Firm, flefliy, becoming powdery

and fibrous within ; opening at
the top.

Reticula'ria Pulpy, changing to friable ; open-
ing indifcriminately. Seeds
lodged in interlacing fibres or
membranaceous cafes.

Sph.e'ria, ............ Fruit fpherical, filled with black

powder, moflly concealed by
an outer coat ; opening at the
lop.

I

Tric'hia.

FLOWERS INCONSPICUOUS.

Tric'hia Capfule globular, egg-fliaped or

cylindrical, compofed of inter-
woven fibres. Stem fixed to a
membranaceous bafe.

133^. jVIu'cor Stem very flender. Seeds naked,

or in Capfules at the ends of
the ftem.

FI'LICES.

f

>

40

CRYPTOGAM I A,

FI'LICES. Ferns.

wood

1284. -EQUISE'TUAl Horfetail.

Flowers difpofed in an egg-fliaped oblong fpike; '

Individuals roundifh ; opening at the bafe with many
valves connefted by the top, which is flat and tamet-
fliaped. — See plate I. fig. A. °

Ess. Char. Spike, with tar ^et-Jhaped fruaif cations, which
conjljl of many valves^ and open at the bafe. (See p. 1 1.)

EQUISE'TUM fylvat'icum. Stem bearing a fpike,
and compound leaves. —

Hedw. fheoria. i. Bolt, fil. 33. — Ger. 957, mifprinied 953. 5,

cop. in C. B. th. 2^5.— Park. 1201. ^.—Bolt.fl. 32, the fruclifi-
calton.

The entire very much refembling in figure a fir-tree, its
leaves being all in whorls. Lfnn. — Stem when the fruit is ripe from
7 to 15 inches high, fmooth, flightly feored, pale yellowifli brown.
SAea^A5ofthe fame colour, but deeper. Leaves 8, lo, or 15 in a
\vhorI, burfting out from the upper knot of the ftem. Fruaif cations
about 15 m a whorl towards the bottom of the fpike. Seeds with 2
threads, which on being breathed upon, coil up on
the feeds, but in a moment becoming dry they expand airain. After
feveral expanfions and contraAions they detach themfelves ftifl
contraAing when moiftened, gradually bending from a {Irahht
line inm a circle. If a drop of water be pulhed towards them, they
conti-aA before it touches them. Thefe contradions are often fo
ludden as to throw the objedlout of the field of view. With.

Moift woods and lhady places near rivulets, and in boggy ground.

Horfes are fond of it, and in fome parts of Sweden it is^ coileiSed
to ferve them as. winter food.

0 L|av« pointing all one way. Ray.fyn. 13/. 5.-This happens

when the Item has been trodden down. Bolt. With.

In the wood near Chiflelhurft. P.Jy?i. ib. '' '

y Le^'es very long and very nender.. R. fyn. I3f;6. With.

In lhady and moift.-fituations. It is a variety of Ei ptiluftre. Bolt.
Leaves of a pale yellow: green colour. Ibid. ■■!1 *■ , . ;

1 behgve this change in-the habit- occafiorially fftke^pfece in both"

pecies, and indeed more. or lefs fo in almoft eveiV ^Sht'in •fimilar
iituations. With, ■ •: n- V • -...U ^„iv-

• v' ' V, r _

EQUI-

F I L I C E S. Equifetuiii.

. EQUISE'TUM arveii'fe. Fertile ftalk leaHefs.
Barren ftem leafy. —

Curt. iv. 48, fertile and barren llems.~Bolt. ftl. 34. — DoJ. 73.
2, refr. in Lob. ic. i. 795. 2, and cop. in C, B'. th\ 247,- the
right hand pare of the figure. Fertile plant only reprefented.~
Blacknsj. 217. 3', and 4, fertile plant. — Fucbf. 323, in f.
B. iil. 730, 1, Trag. 692. 2, and Lon. i. 176, i.—^Matth.
1027, Cam. epit. 771, Dod. 73. 4^ •lukich repr. in

Lob. cbf. 461. 3; ic. i. 794. 2, Ger. em. 1114. 5, and
cop. in Park. 1202. \i.~Fuchf. 322^ tip. in f. B. iii, 729. 2.
-—Ger. 956. 3. . ;

Fertile fiems appearing before the other ; foon decaying. Barren
Jiems continuing a long time. Stachlin obfervedthat the <////?, when
ftaken out of the fpike, jumps about as if it was alive. Linn. —
often emitting a lateral branch. PJall. St. ~ Fertile fialk
with wide loofe fheaths. rough, ilender. Lean/es 12X.0

15 in a whorl, fomewhat branchedk. L^ers. — Stalk from a hand's
breadth to a foot high, cylindrical, fmooth, jointed, the upper knots
farther diftant, the lower approaching nearer to each other ; each,
joint terminating in a fheath. Sheaths furrowed, wider than the
llalk, with many clefts; fegments fpear-lhaped, tapering to a point.
Spike yellowifh white, nearly an inch long, the bafe encirefed with a.
membranaceous yellowifh border. FrutTifications in vrhorls, ycliowifli.
Spike-ftalk cylindprical, fcored, yellowifh. Duft greenifli. Pollich.
— Stem when frefh roughifli, in moift fhady fituations fmooth and
fomewhat fhining. Sheaths in fuch fituations fcored with green.
Sheaths with 4 teeth correfponding to the angles of the leaves, of the
fame colour with the leaves. Mr. Woodward. St.— Leases, angles
acute, fides channelled, fometimes throwing out two branches from
the fame knot. Root cylindrical, with threads from the joints,
ftiffifh, woolly, dark brown. Stalk fiefhy,' with fevOral cylindricai
tubes within, a central one, with 9 others three or four time's fmaller,
difpofed in a circle round it; and another 9 exceedingly minute
between them and the central one; yellowifh brown, fcml-tranf-
. parent , obfeurely marked with 9 fcores. Sheaths fomiewhat bellying,
lot a filvery brown, with 9 furrows ; fegments 9, pointed, fomewhat
tapproaching. Stalins, JJjeaths furrowed as the ftem, cloven one
•third of the way dov/n ; teeth blackifh brown at the ends, with
(Hery lhallow white membranaceous edges. Leaves^ the joints of the
jiupper branches frequently 3-fquare, and the joints terminating in 3
iteeth; teeth open. St. — The fertile ftems not to be diftinguifhed
drom thofe of the £. JylvaUcum before the leaves appear, but by
tobferving that the fheaths in the E.fylvaticum are divided into 12
•fegments, but in thisfpccies only into 3 or 4. Bolt. With.

Vol. III. D

corn

Afoift

42

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Moift corn fields.

P. March, April.

jg Leaves very long. R. Syn. 131.8. The open teeth at the joints
of the leaves prove it to belong to this fpecies, though Haller afferts it
to be a variety of E.pdujlre. St. With. — In very wet and clofe
woods, or amongft tall grafs. Bolt. — Not properly a variety, differ-
ing from a merely in luxuriance. St. With.

Sheep and cows will not eat it unlefs compelled by hunger, and
then it is hurtful to them. Loefel fays if ewes in lamb eat it that
abortion is the confequence.

y Huds. — Probably only the fertile ftalks of «. Dill.7« R. Jyn.
130. n. 3. Mr. WooDw. St. — which come up before the barren ones,
deftitute of leaves, variegated with brown colours ; foon perifliing.
Bolt. With.

E Q U I S E'T U M paluf'tre. Stem angular. Leaves

marjk undivided. —

Eolt.jil. 35; Barren plant 16. 37.—
Ger. em. 1 1 14. q., and cop. in Park

in Lon. i, 176. 3, and C. B. th. 2^.7, left hand Jleni. — Garf.
258. B. frudification. — Hednvig. Th. 2. 8. 9. 10.
between angular and. furrowed, fmooth, S^i^eifmaller than
thofe of the other fpecies. Leaves 6 to 10, furrowed, fmooth, with
black fcales at the bafe. Leers, St. — Stem fleek, each joint toothed
at the end; teeth blackifh at the point. Pollich, Sr.— Root black.
Stem with fewer and deeper fcores than that of £. arvenfe, fome of the
lower joints black, fometimes lengthened out for a confiderable way
beyond the going off erf branches ; knots blackifh from the {heaths of
leaves which rife from the joints. Leerves fhorter and thicker than
thofe of £. arvenfe, with moftly 5 and rarely 4 or 6 angles. Sheaths
larger and more lax than thofe of £. arvenfe, teeth very fhort, tipped

•with black, which diftinguilhes it from the £. arvenfe. Mr. Wo 0 dw.

Sheaths very loofe ; both fewer and larger than in £. limofum ; margin
membranaceous. St. — Barren leaves refemble thofe of the £. arvenfe,
but the fecond leaves in the £. arvenfe are 4-fided, and the fheathes
have 4 teeth, wlulft m this fpecies they are 5-fided, and the fheathes
have 5 teeth. Bolt. With. — Leaws with 5 to 6 angles. Sheaths,
teeth egg-fpear-fhaped, dark brown, or only dark brown at the end,
with a membranaceous white border as deep again as that of £. limofum
or fluvtattle, correfponding in number to the angles. St.

Paddock Pipe in Scotland.

Marfhy and watry places. p_, July.

ID Link.— Spikes terminating the upper leaves aswel! as the ftem!
St . Mr. Wo 0 u w . W 1 t h .

F I L I C E S. Equifetum.

Ray 5. S, at p. 160.

This variety generally aril'es when the primary ftem has been
bitten off. Bolt. With.

EQUISE'TUM Jiuviatlilc. Stem fcored; Leaves river
generally undivided.—

Bolt, Jil.^6; part of a barren leaf, ib. 37.^ — Matth. 1026, cop. in
Dod. 73. I, which repr, in Lob. obf. 461. i ; ic. i. 793, Ger. erji.

1113. I, and cop. in Park. 1200, 1. — G&. repr. in C.B.

th. 2^1.- — Blackiv.2ij. 1 and 2. — Ccmi. epit.yjo.B.C. — Garf.

258. A. '

Fertile Jims leaflefs, Very thick, from i to h l foot high. Seeds bluifh.

^inren Stems from the fame root, an inch thick; a yard high,
foft, not furrowed, hollovV, with' fmaller tubes round the large one ;
pale, growing black with age. Sheaths cloven into as many pointed
teeth as there are leaves. Leaves thirty to forty in a whorl, deeply
furrowed, 4-comered-, confiding of frequent longifh joints. Hall.

; — Barren Stems v;hitifh at fird. Lightf. — Sheaths of the barren dems
furrounded at the top with a well defined blackifh brown band ;
teeth lighter brown, firialler and narrower than thofe of the fertile
Hems. Leaves from 3 to 1 5 inches long, very clofely fet. This
fpecies may be readily known at fird fight by its great lize, nume-
rous leaves, and whitilh dem. Mr. Woodw. St.

Marihy and watery places, fides of rivers, ditches, pools, and lakes.

[Not very frequent — cold fprings — at Bamby near Lowedoft;
between Bungay and Halefworth, St. Faiths Newton Bogs near
Norivich. Mr. Woodward;]

Pi May, June.

In fome places they mix it with the food of cows to increafe the
quantity of their milk. Horfes are not fond of it; But the Rein-
deer, which refufes hay, will eat it. Linn.

EQUISE'TUM Umo'fum. Stem- fometimes naked, fmootk
fmoolhi —

Bolt.fl. 38. — Rap 5. 2, at p. 160.— J. B. iii. 729. 3.

Clofely allied to E.fuviatile : fometimes throwing out a few leaves.

Tins. — A variety of E. palujlre. Stems thicker, and taller; thofe of
.•young flowering plants leaflefs, furrows much more numerous than
tthofe of E. palujlre; teeth of the fheaths finely pointed, brown. Hall.
dn. 1677. /?. — It differs alfo as follows : Whole plant fmoother. Root
fyellowifh. brown below, fcored; not furrowed. Sheaths not

iwider than the dem, the teeth of the lower brown, thofe of the upper
dalack, and fmaller than thofe of E. palujlre. Leaves either draggling
there and there, or in whorls on the middle of the dem. Head dark

D 2 brown,

43

44

C R Y P T O G A M f A;

brown, but not fo dark as in £. pahiflre, alfo larger. For the above rea-'
16ns I cannot think it a variety of E. palujlre. Mr. W o o dw. St. — Stems
exaiilly cyfindrical, thofe which bear fruiflifications after flowering
becoming leafy, and fometimes throwing out lateral branches ; thofe
which are barren tapering gradually, to the end, and moftly continu-
ing bare of leaves. The flioots of next year upwards of an inch long,
from thefidcof the Item at the knots, which thrown out flbrousroots. St.

Common in the beds of rivers near the banks ; alfo lhallow ponds,

■ and ditches in marfhes. P, May, June.

rof/g/i , EQUISE'TUM hyema^Ie. Stem naked, rough,
fomewhat branched at the bafe. —

Bolt. fl. 39. — Cath. epit. 770. A. — Ger. 955. 2, cop. in Ger. em,
1 1 1 3. 2, and abr. in Park. 1 201 . 7, 8, right hand fig.

Stem perennial, green, rough like a file. Sheaths of the joints pale,
black at the bafe and edges,' with impcrfecfl teeth. Linn. — Stems
furrowed with 18 or 20 rough angles, feme of the joints 3 inches
afunder. Sheaths with as many Ihort blunt teeth as the ftem has
furrows. Spike terminating. Lightf. 650. St. — Differs from
£,• limojum in being fea green, in the greater length of its joints, and
in its extreme roughnels. Mr. Woodward.

Shavegrqfs. Pewterwort. Dutch Rujhes.

Mar fhy and watery places, but not commbfi. In a moift d Itch, near
Middleton, Warwicklhire, and in a rivulet near Broad-flitch Abbey,
Wiltfhlre. — Scippon and Craven, Lancafliire, and In Rigby Woods.
Merr. — Gamlingay Bogs, Cambridgelliire. [River flde between
Meavis Bank and Lafwade near Edinburgh — near Nonvreh.' Dr. J.
E. Smith. — Armingdale wood near Norwdeh. Mr. Crowe. — ^Juft
below Stone Bier Lin, near Lanerk/ Scotland. St.— Sexton Wood,
Hedenham, near Bungay. Mr. Stone.] P. July, Aug.

The turners and cabinet makers ufe it to fmooth their work. —
It is wholefome to horfes, hurtful to cows,' and difagreeable to fheep.

/3 Stem with a few leaves. Hall.

Trdg'i 692. I, cop. in Lon. 1. 176. i, and J. B. iil. 729. i.— C. B.
th. 248. ,

y Huds. — The figures referred to by Pet. are variety «, with
which the only fpecimen that could be referred to it in Buddie's
herbarium pcrfedlly accords. Dill, in R.fyn.

On a newly digged bog on Hbunflow Heath. Pet.

o' With numerous lateral branches. St.

Ma/Z/i, 1028, cop. in Dod. 73. 3, zohick repr. in Lob. obj. ^Gi,, 2;
and ic. i. 794. i , and cop. again in C. B. 250.

W heu it has been biyuled early in the fj'fing, it puts out numerous'
lateral branches. Mr. GRun rn,

1288. OPHI-

F I L I C E S. Ophiogloffum. 45

3288. OPHIOGLOS'SUM. Adders-toi]gue.

Capsules two rowed, with numerous joints placed tranf-
verfely, and divided into as many cells as there are
joints. When ripe every cell opens tranfverfeiy.

Seeds numerous ; veiy fmall ; fomewhat egg-lhaped.

Ess. Char. Spike jointed; joints pointing i z&ays, opening
tranfverfeiy. Linn. — Frutlif cations of i valve, i cell,
ivithout a ring, Ad St. •— opening tranfverfeiy.

Linn.

OPHIOGLOS'SUM vulga'tum. Leaf egg-fhaped. common
Linn. — Single. Hall.

Skldr. 28.— jz. dan. 147. — Fuchf. 577, cop. in Lonic. i. 103. J. B.
iii. 708. 2, frag 323. — Cam.epit. 364, cop. inPark. 506. — Garf.

425. — foum. 325. I, the fpihe. — Bolt. 3. — Blachv. 416. i-and 2.

— H. ox.yiw. g row g 1. — JSarr. 252. i. — Matth. 594, cop. in
Ger.^zy. — Dod. i^g. i, repr. in Lob. obf. gji. 1; ic. i. 808.

2, Ger.em. 404. i. — FruSlifcation, Hedwig. fh. 4. 20. 21. 22. 23.

Sptfe terminating, green Ilh yellow. PolmcHj St," — folitary.

Leaf egg-fpear-lhaped, embracing the fruit-ftalk. ' Spike ftrap-fhaped,
at ftrft green, when ripe brown. Mr. Woodw. St. With. — Leaf
fometimes {lightly lobed v/ith fmall appendages on one or both fldes.

Bolt.

Adders-tongue.

Moift cold meadows and paftures. — Meadows and tides of rivulets
in the North of Yorkfhire. Curt. — [Love Lane near Derby. Mr.

Whateley. — Broadmoore near Birmingham. W ith.— Near Blim-
hill, Staifordfhire. Mr. Dickenson. — Bedingham near Bungay^

Suffolk. Mr. Stone, Mr. Woodw. — Near Meltingham Caftlc,

Suffolk, frequent. Mr. Woodward.] P. May, June.

B Fruit-ftalk divided at the top, each branch fupporting a fpike;

Bolt. St. — and the fpike itfelf fometimes dividing' iVito 2 or 3. St.

Blackw. 4 1 6. 3. — Bolt, i . i . — Lob. ic. i. 809. i , repr. in Ger. cm. 404.

2, and cop. in H. ox. xiv. 5. row 3./. 2. — H. ox. ib.f. 3, 4, 5, b.

: — Cam. epit. 364, cop. in Park. 506, the leffr Jigures,

1289. OS-

45

CRYPTOGAMIA,

common

1289. OSMUN'DA. Moomvort.

i

Capsules globular, diftinft, difpofed in a bunch ; open-*
ing horizontally.

Seeds numerous ; very final! ; egg-lhaped, ^

Ess. Char. S,pike branched. Fructifications globular .j-

* Frmt-fialh rifingfrcm the Jlem at the bafe of the leaf.

OSMUN'DA Luna'ria, Stalk on the ftem, folitary,
Leaf winged, foiitary, —

Blackw. 420.— R dan. 1 8. i .—GarR 78, af />. 346 —Col. Fhyt.
i2>.—Cam. epit. 643. i.—Bolt. fd. ^.—Barr. 252.3.— R ox.
xiv. 5. 1. — Lon. i. 77. i. — Malth, 903.— Ger. 328. 2, re/;r. in
Matth. a .C. B. 647. i. — Cluf. ii. 1 18. 2, repr. in Dod. 139. 2,
Lob. obf. 470. 3 ; ic. i. 807. 2, Ger. m. 405. 2, and cop. in Park.
^07* — P^chf. 483, cop. inf. B. iii. 710, and Trag. 914.

Within the bafe of ihcjlem, early in the fpring, may be found a
complete rudiment of the next year’s plant. Linn.— of the
leaf fleftiy, crefcent-lhaped, femi-circular, and halberd-fhaped. It
fo exadlly refembles Ophioglojfum vulgatum in habit and ftrudlure, that
they ought by no means to be feparated. Mr. Wponw. Sx.
Moomvort.

Mountainous meadows and paftures in Weflmoreland ; near
Settle, Yorkfhire; Scadbury Pari:, Kent; and Chiflelhurft Common,
— MearBank, by Sykes Wood, Ingleton, Yorkfbire. Curt.— North
fide of Breedon Hill, Worcefierfhire, Nath.— [Near Bury. Mr.
Woodw.t- Stratton Heath, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe.— On Coal Pit
banks near Stourbridge. Mr. Waldron Hill.] P. May— July.
B Linn. — Leaves and ftalks feveral. Cam.

Cam. epit. 64^^.— Matth. a C. B. 647, 2.

Found in England. Cam. ib.

Leaves in pail's, doubly winged, wings cut. Willd, n. 875. '

y Linn,

_ t Obs. OMnda Stniluopieris. Spicant. and I believe crifpa, do not belong to
this genus ; but vtr/rtntca, regulit, and rianamomm correliiond in ftrudure with
O. Lmaria. Thefe latter, with the genus Ophiogloffum. and perhaps Oaor/M.
which I have never ken in fruaification, form a natural family of the tribe
ofFiLicEs, diftinguifhable by the want of the annular elaftic ring, which is
common to Ojmu.da StruthioptcrU, and Spica.t, and to all the Ferns propcrh Jo called',
and which unites them and the genera Acrojlichum, PJypodium, Ftmiomlis.
AJjJensm, DIechnm, Lonchiiis, Pteris, Auiantum, znd Trichomanesinlo another diniiid
natural aflcmblage. St.

F I L I C E S. Ofmunda.

y Linn.— Bro-n. cmt. 93; cop. in H. ox. xiv. 5. row 2.3.—

11. dan. 18.3.

Ofmunda Ltincaia B Hudf. Bolt. p. 5.

Weftmoreland, and the Northern counties, /?. fyn.

* * The Leaf itjdf bearing the Fru8if cations.

OSMUN'DA rega'lis. Leaf doubly winged; with royal
bunches at the end. —

Pink iSi.^.—Trag. si^.—Blachw. 324.— Toum. 324, foiming
part.— FI. dan. 217.— Bolt. 5.—J. B. iii. 736.— Dod. 463, cop.
in Lob. obf. 474. i and 2 ; ic. i. 813, Gfir. em. 1 131 ; a?id co\
in Fork. 1038, Ger. 971 ; and imit. in H. ox. xiv. 4. row 3, i. —

Garf. 27^.— R. fyn. ed. 1. s. 2. at p. i, in its youngejl Jlage of
growth.

Leafts the lateral ribs proceeding from the mid-rib ; forked, parallel.
Fradfi^cafioTW on the upper part of the central leaves. Liohtf. S r.

With.

Ofmund Royal. Flaivering Fern.

Watery' places and boggy marfhes. [About Cofgarne and Mara-
zion in the mouths of old mines. Mr. Watt.— Bogs near Yar-
mouth. Mr. Wood w. — St. Faiths Newton Bogs npar Norwich.

Mr. Crowe.] . July, Aug.

ImprefTions of the leaves are frequent in the nodules of ironftone
found in the Coalbrook Dale iron works. It is the Only fpecies of
an indigenous vegetable which I have ever feen in a foffil ftate. But
it is a native of Virginia alfo. St. — All the other impreflions of
Filices, which I have feen on ironftone, feem to be thofeof American
plants. With.

The root boiled in water is very flimy, and is ufed in the North to
ftiffen linen inftead of ftarch.

♦ * * Leaves, fame leafy, others bearing frublifcatms.

OSMUN'DA Spi'cant. Leaves fpear-fhaped, with rough
winged clefts. Very entire, parallel, running into each
other. —

Acrostichum Spicant, which fee.

OSMUN'DA crif’pa. Leaves more than doubly Jlone
compound; leafits alternate, roundilh, cut. —

Pteris crifpa, which fee.

J290. ACRO'-

48

C R Y P T O G A M I a:

forked

Spleenwqrt

isgo. A C R O' ST I C HU M. Ruftyback.

Fructifications entirely covering the under furface of
the leaf. .

Ess. Char, FruElifcations covering the whole dijk of the leaf.

I * L^affmply divided.

ACRO'STIG HUM feptentriona'le. Leaves naked »
ftrap-lhaped, jagged.—

FI. dan. 6o, but from an indifferent Jpecimen. — Lob. adv. 17. 2, rejr.
in ic. i. 47. I, and Ger. em. 1561. 8. — BoU.fl. 8, from a garden
fpecimen.—Trag. 537, cop. in Ion. i. 224. 5.— Ger. 343. 4.—
Park. 1045. 8.—y. B. iii. 755. 2.

FruBif cations, whilft immature, in fhort indifclncl lines or dots.
It is therefore, whilft young, an Asplenium. Bolt. p. 7 and 12.

Clefts of rocks and old walls. Rock's in Edinburgh Park. R. fyn.
St’.— Tops, of mountains in Wales, on Ingieborough, Yorklhire,
and above Amblefide, Weftmoreland, P,

* * Leaues with winged clefts.

ACRO'STICHUM Spi'cant. Leaves fpear-fhaped,
with winged clefts. Segments very entire, parallel, con-
fluent at the bafe. Linn.— Fertile leaves winged; barren
leaves with winged clefts. 'With. —

Hedw. Theor. 5, the fertile and barren leaf, with the parts offntcli-
f cation dffeckd and magntjied.—Curt. ii. 22.— FI. dan. gg.—
550, cop. in Lon. i. 225. i.—Cluf. ii. 213. i, repr. in Dod.
469. I, Loh. ohf. 475. 2; ic. i. 815. 2, Ger. em. 1140. 2; cop.
in Park. 1042. 2, and abr. in. H. ox. xiv. 2. 23. — Ger. 978. 2.
—Soft. 6.—y. B. iii. 745. 2, and i perkaps.^Cam. epit. 665.—
^ f 49* — Matth. 923, leaves reprefented as hairy.

Flowering leaves much narrower than the barren ones. Linn.

Leaves fimilar to thofe of Polypodium vulgare, but flenderer; ivini's
oblong, bowed upwards, the middlemoft ones the largeft. Flowem<r
leaves longer, harder, and brown. Fruclifcaiions dil'pofed on the
under fide of the leaf in 2 lines, parallel to the edges of the wings,
but when ripe covering the whole under’ furface. Allied to ' Pteris
aquilina, in the difpofition of the fruAifica’tions. Hall. enum. and
Uji: St. —.Fruaif. cations covered at firft with a thin membrane.
Cqpfule 2 valves, connecfted by an annular elaftic cord of i cell, antj
containing many minute feeds. Hedwio.— Leaves, fegments
wideft at the bafe, ftrap-fpear-fhoped, the lateral ribs forked, "fome-

times,

49

F I L I C E S. Pteris.

times, though rarely, terminating in minute fcollops. Fertile Leaxies,
jeements not half fo broad as thofe of the barren ones, feparate,
though the confluence may almoft always be traced, and towards the
end of the leaf gives a waved appearance to the ijiid-rib. Mr.

Wo onw. — Ofmunda Spicant. Linn, but it differs totally iri ffrudlurc
from Ofmunda Lunaria, O.regalis, iac, Stmithiopteris o^ Holler, and
feveral other authors; but jts claims to form a new Genus are ill
founded. St.

Rough Spleenivmi.

Groves and moift heaths. [St. Faiths Newton Woods, near
Norwich — Commons in Hertfordfhire. In the North frequent,

Jvlr. WooDW. — ^AtHainford, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe.]

P. July — Sept.

^ Leaves forked. St.

ACRO 'STIC HUM liven' fc. Leaves almofl: doubly hairy
vi'inged, leafits oppolite, united, blunt, hairy underneath,
very entire at the bale. —

Poly PODIUM ilvenfcy which fee.

PTE'RIS. Brakes.

Fructifications difpofed in a line, along the edge of

the leaf, on ,the urider fide. - >

Ess. Char, Frucllficatlons In lines along the edge,

PTE'RIS erlfpa. Leaves more than doubly com-
pound; wings egg-oblong, ferrated, blunt; the fertile
ones very entire. Linn. fp. pi. — ^Leaves more than doubly
compound ; wings alternate, roundifh, cut. Linn.*

Bolt. 7. — FI. dan. 496. — H. ox. xiv. 4. 4, and 27. — Fhk. 3. 2 and
3. — J. B. iii. 743. — H. ox. .xiv, 5, 25, is Jdd by Linneeus to
be the fame plant in a fiate advancing to maturity.

Barren Leaves doubly winged, fmooth, wings elliptical ferrated,
except at the bafe; the fertile ones narrower, very entire, rolled back
as in Pteris, but the difk bearing fruit as in the Acroflichums. Linn.—

A plant forming the connetfling link between the laft of the Ofmunda' s
and the Acroflichums. Linn. — Leaf-flalks waved, giccn. FruSiijications
in lines along the under margin of the wings, v/hich is rolled back

upon •

• Pr«r;s het'^rcphi r,?.. I.ivjr.Sp. pj. !■: cJircArd in tlie Mantilia, 5,05, to be
to li.ij L'.;t it -s , vtiy eiS'ili:.: pli»r»t. — Set Olmnntla ciiii'a.

5° C R Y P T O G A M I A.

upon them, as in Pteris aquilina; after the difcharge of the feeds in-
creafing in breadth, fo as to cover the whole difk, except the mid-rib.
Bolt', p. viii. St. With. — fometimes 6 or 7 inches long.
Leaf about 3 inches long. Mr. Wood\v.— If before thefrudlifications
are ripe, the refledled fides of a wing are bent back, no frudlifi-
cations will appear to view, but if the very margin wliich will be
found alfo to be refledled be alfo bent back, the frudlifications will
be expofed to view difpofed along the margin of the wing, as in the
reft of the genus Pteris. St.

Stone Fern. Crijped Fern. Parjley Fern.

On ftones and rocks in Yorkfhire. Weftmoreland and Wales
frequent.-! ^Rocks about Buckbarrow Well, Longfledale, and here
and there on the walls between that place and Kendal. Curt. — •
[Rocky banks and fides of roads, Cumberland. St. — : On heaths
and old walls in the Northern counties abundantly. Mr. Woodw.-^
Cader Idris. Frudlifications ripe in September. Mr. Gr if fith.]

common PTE 'R IS aquili'na. Leaves more than doubly com-
pound. Leafits winged. Wings fpear-fhaped; the lowers
moft with winged clefts; the upper ones fmaller. —

Ger. 969. 2. — Bull. 20"]. — Bolt. 10. — FuchJ. ^g6, nif printed
cop. in Dod. ^62. 2, and imit. inTrag. gq.2. — Malth. 1291. —
Garf. 2y2. — Lob. obf. 2,repr.in ic. i. 812. 2, Ger. em.
1128. 2, and cop. in Park. 1037, mijprinted 1039.T-H. o;c. xiv.
4. 3. — Cam. epit. 992.

The Root cut obliquely prefents a kind of reprefentation of the
Imperial Eagle. Linn. — Whence Linnaeus has named it the P,
aquilina or eagle brakes,

Female Fern.

Heaths and woods, p

The root dried, powdered, and given in dofes of 3 or 4 drams, is
a fecret to kill the tape-worm. A tolerably pure alkaly is obtained
from the alhes. The common people in many parts of England
mix the alhes with water and form them into balls; thefe balls are
afterwards made hot m the fire, and then ufed to make lye for fcour-
ing linen.— It makes a very durable thatch; and is an excellent
litter for horfes and cows. Where coal is fcarce, they ufe it to heat
ovens and to burn hmeftone; for it affords a very violent heat. In

r climates, bread is made of the roots. The

Fern Moth feeds upon it.

B Huds.— PfeL 182. i.—Blackw. ^25. '

Rocks on the weftern coaft, and on walls at Weftminfter and Gravs
Inn Or. being cultivated in the Chelfea garden, it turned out
the fecond year to be variety Dill. in. R.Jyn.

1295, ASPL5'-«

F I L 1 C E S. Afplenium.

51

1295. ASPLE'NIUM. Spleenwort.

Fructifications difpofed in flraight lines on the under
furface of the leaf.

Ess. Char. Fr unifications fcattered in lines on the furface
of the leaf.

* Leaf fmple. ,

ASPLE'NIUM fcolopen'dri urn. Leaves undivided ,
heart-tongue-fhaped ; very entire. Stalks hairy. —

Curt.i. I. — Toum. 319. — Blackw. 138. — 167. — Bolt. ii. —
Ger. &c. — Garf. 346. — Trag. 549. — Fnckf. 294, cop. in J. B.
iii. 756, and imit. in Cluf. ii. 213. 2, which repr. in Dod. 467.
I. — Cam. epit. 579. — Wale. — Lob. obf. 468. 3, repr. in Ger.erii.
1138. I, and cop. in Park. 1046. i. f. 2, and H. ox. xiv. i. i.
— Lon. i. 224. 3 — Matth. 831.

JJarts-tongue.

Moift ftiady rocks, mouths of wells, old walls, and in the filTures
of rocks on the tops of moft of the high mountains in Yorkfhire.
Curt. P. Aug. Sept.

(3 Linn. — Leaves curled at the edge. St.

J. B. iii. 757. 3.

[Near a petrifying fpring by the fide of a rivulet at the bottom of
Garn Dingle, three miles from Denbigh. Mr. Griffith.]
e Linn. — ^Leaves with many clefts at the end. St.

Cluf. ii. 213.3, repr. in Dod. 467. 2, Lob. obf. 469. i; ic. ii.
805.2, Ger. em. 1138. 2, cop. in Park. 1047. i, J. B. iii.
757. 2, and H. ox. xiv. i. row 1. 2, and imit. in Ger. 976. 2.
Phyllilis multifida. R. fyn. 117.

In a lane near Swaneling, not many miles from Southampton.
Ger. em.

7 Leaves with many clefts at the edges.

Toum. 451.

PhyVkis polyscMdes, &c. R. fyn. 1 1 7.
in woods. Bo BART in R. fyn. 117.

w

** Leaf with winged clefts.

ASPLE'NIUM Ce'terach. Leaves with winged
clefts ; lobes alternate, running into one another ;
blunt

^“^^•333’ — Wak. — Go?/. 212. — Barr. 1052, 1051, 1043, 1044.
— Tourn. 318. — Trag. 551. — Dod. 468, repr. in Lob. obf. epjo.
I ; tc. i. 807. I, Ger. em. 1140. j, and cop. in Park. 1046./. r,

Ger.

Harts-tongue

common

52

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Ger. 978. i,Matth.a. C. B. 646. i,andHiOx.xiv, 2.row^.f.tj^. — Bakkw,
2 1 6. — J.B. iii. 749. — Bolt. 1 2. — Mattk. Sag. — Ca?n. epit. 640.

Leaves fo covered underneath with fcales as to conceal the frudtifi-
c3.tions. Linn. >— Learn njipy from a root, 3 to 6 inches long, the
hollows between the lobes of the lame fize and fliape as the lobes,
adgesfomewhatbent back when the fructifications ripe. Mr. Woo uiy.
Old walls and clefts of moift rocks. About Briftol plentifully.
[At Bury, at Afheridge, Hertfordfbire. Northern counties frc:
^uent. Mr. Woodward. — Heydon, Norfolk. Mr. Bryant.]

* * * Leaves ivtnged.

,. ASPLE'NIUM 'Tricho' manes. Leaves winged.
Maidenhair Wings nearly circular, fcolloped. —

Wale.— Bolt. i^.—Bull. 185.— ro«7-«. 315. A. D. E.—FI. dan. 1 19.
—Blackw. 370. — GarJ. 128. B. — Trag. 530. 1, cop. in Lonic. i.
212. i.—Cam. epit. 925, cop. in Park. lo^i. —Matth. 1202.—
Dod. 471. I, repr. in Lob. obj. 471. 2 ; ic. i. 809. 2, Ger. cm.
1046, and improved in H. ox. xiv. 3. row 1. 10. — Fuchf. 796. —
Ger. 985. — Hediiig. L-h. 7. 37, a leaft magnified.

Roots black, fibrous. Leafi-fialhs glofly, black. Flowers in 3 to 5 lines.

Spleenwort. Miltwafie. ' '

Common Maidenhair.

Old walls, rocks, and fhady fiony places. P. May— Oct,

0 Huds. — A. viride y which fee.
y Wings lobed and cut. Bolt.— Bolt. 2. 2.

green-rihhed ASPLE'NIUM vlr'ide Leaves winged. Wm^rs
nearly circular, fcolloped, lopped at the bafe. Huds.

Bolt. 14, excellent, but Mr, Woodward thinks the fooilops ofi the leaves
not large nor deep enough.

Leafi-ftalk of a pale green, fometimes brownifii towards the root,
and in fome fpecimens brown and glofly as in A. Trichomanes. Wings
rhomboidalj fixed to the leaf-ftalk by one of the corners, the upper
and lower fides of the bafe ver^' entire, the other two fcollopccJ.
Bolt. Wings more lopped at the bafe than in A. Trichomanes. Leafi-
Jlalk green, which feems to be the only certain character by which it
is diftmgui (liable from A. Trichomanes. Mr. Wo 0 d.— Wingj not fo
circular as thofc of A. Trichomanes, the lower fide of the bafe being
loppc^ rnuch more deeply Icolloped, thinner. Mr. Woodward.

A. Trichomanes y Linn.

Moift rocks on the mountains of Wales, Yorkftiire, and Wrft-
inorcland. [On an old wall at Black Bank near Leeds. Mr. Wood.
—On Ingleborough, Bolt.' — near the fummit, and in Borowdale.
Mr. Woodward.] Junc-Sept.

jf Hubs,

53

I L I C E S. Afpleniam.

jS Hubs. — Wings lobed and cut. St. ,

H. ox. xiv. 3. 13. — FM.73. 6. — Toitrn. 315. C. F. r- Ge?*;

975- ^

Scotland. Bobart in FT. o.r. — ^Jerfey. -Plukv'S'- —
y Leaf branched. Bolt. '

Bolt. 2. 3.— H. ox. xiv. 3. II.— Ger. 985. 2, cop.>in.y. B. ill.

755- I- .

A. Trichomanes ramofum. Linn. — A. Trichomahes ^ (Huns.)

On all the high rocks of Caernarvonfhire, a ftone wall . in a gar-
den at Maidftone, Kent, and on limeftone rocks in Craven, York-
(hire. — On the rocks below Ogden Kirk on the oppofite fide of the
Clough. Bolt.

ASPLE'NIUM marl'niim. Leaf winged. Wings fea
inverfely egg-lhaped ; ferrated ; hunched and blunt on
the upper edges, and wedge-lhaped at the bafe. —

Rit.giz. gr. I.— Bolt. 15. — H. ox. xiv. 3. 25.— P&^. 253. 5^—

Wdic.—Lob. obf. 474. 3, repr. in ic. i. 814, Ger. em. 1143. 4;
and cop. in Park. 1045. 7.

Lrnaes fpear-lhapcd, dark green above, paler underneath. Bolt.

Mr. Woodward. — Stalks reddifh brown'. Wings in fome fpecimens
fpear-fhaped, acutely fcolloped, the fcollops equal in number to the
lines of frudification, lobed at the bafe on the upper fide. Mr.
Woodward.

On rocks generally on tbe fea fliore, — about Preftholm ifland near
Beaumaris, at Llandwyn in Anglefea, about the caftle of Plaftings,

SufTcx, and in Devonfhire, Cornwall, and Cumberland. — In a ftone
quarry clofe to the road from Warrington to Winwick, Lancafliire.

Bolt. P. June — Sept;

B Bolt. — ^\i\nngs deeply cut.

Sibbald Scot. ill. t. 3./. : . 2. — confejfedly cop. in Bolt. 2. 4, but not
an exabf copy — / have not Jem the plant. Bolt.

Plants correfponding to Sibbald’s figures we found in the Covd at
Weems in Scotland. Liohtfoot.

Adianlum trapeziforme, Huds. which fee.

f ^

* * « fr compound.

ASPLE'NIUM Ru'ta mura'ria. Leaves doubly WallrRue
■ compound, divilions alternate. Leatits wedgje-lhaped,
finely fcolloped. —

Shelir: do.-^Bull, 195. — Wale. — Cam. epit. 785. — FI. dan. igo. —

Tourn. 317. I. — Bolt. 16. — Blackw. 219. — GarJ. 12S. a. — •

Fuckf. j^o.cop.iny. B. iii. 753, Lon. i. 221. i and 2. — Trag.

530. 2, — Dod. 470, repr. in Lob. obf. 472. i ; ic. I. 81 1. i, Ger.

em.

54 ■ C R Y P T O G A M I A.

em. 1144. 3, and copi in Park. 1056. 4, and H. ox. xiv. 5. 22*
— Ger. g8'^.-~Maltk. 1041.

Stem bare for near half its length. FruSIif cations in 2 or 3 rows, on
each fide of the rib of the leaf. Bolt.

White Maiderlhair. Wall Rite. Tentwort.

Old walls and moifi crevices of rocks. [Southwold Church, Suffolk,
Long Stratton Church, Norfolk. Mr. Stone, Mr* Woodward.]

P* June — Odl.

black ASPLE'NIUM Acftan'tum nPgrum. Leaves almofl:
triply winged. Leafits alternate. Wings fpear-fliaped^
between cut and ferrated. Linn. — Leaves triangularly
fpear-lhaped. Wings egg-fliaped. Huds.

FI. dan. 250.— Gflj/. 126. — Blackw. 220. — Bolt. ij. land^. —
Dod. 466. repr. in Ger. em. 1 137. — Ger. 975. i.—H. ox. xiv. 4.
16. — Lob. ic. i. 810. 2, cop. in. Park. 1049. 2.

• fafffon coloured. Linn. — Lobes, the extreme ferratures fo
acute as almoft to appear fringed. Mr. Woodw. — Stalks black,
glofiy. FiiiSfifications 3 to 7 on each wing.

Black Maidenhair. Oak Fern.

Shady places and old walls. P, April— -0(51.

/3 Huds. — Fluk. 282. 3.

Wings long, divided into very fine ahd longifh fegments;
Shkkakd in R.Jyn. — Wings rvith hair-like fegments. Pluk. — Fruc-
tifcations, none difcovered. Poflibly a variety of A. Adiantum nigrum
owing to a very fhady fituation, but if a variety it is a very extraor-
dinary and beautiful one; Dill.

Filix non ramoja, Gfc. Pluk. aim. p. r 50. par. the laft but one, as
corredled according to mant. p. 78. par. 4.

Mountains of Mourn in the county of Down, Ireland. R.fyn.

y Huds. feems to be only a young plant of A. Adiantum nigrum.
Dill.— Filix pumlapetrcea, &c. Pluk. amalth. p. 91. (St.)

Hilly parts of 'SufTex. Dill, in R.fyn.

^ Bolt. Afpleniun lanccolatum of Hudfon, which fee.

fpear ASPLE'NIUM lanceola'tum. Leaves doubly winged,-
fpear-diaped. Leafits alternate. W^ings inverfely egg-
fhaped, cut and fcol loped. Huds.

Bolt. 1 7. 2,* conje&ured by Mr. B. to be the plant i and accords xtitk
Mr. Hudfon s charaSer.

Filix

Differs very little from j4. Adijntum nt^rm. Wings not near fo circular
as in my ineciiiieiw.. Mr. Woodward.

F I L I C E S. Polypodium.

mix elegans, &c. R. fyn. 1 27, referred to by Mr. Hudfon with a
mark of doubt, appears to me to be a variety of A. Adimtum nigrum.
Mr. WooDW. — (d. Trichomanes ramqfuvi of Linn, referred to by Mr.
Hudibn, cannot be the plant, if we are to depend on Linnaeus’s
reference to Trichomanes ramojum. J. B. MJl. iii. p. 755.) St.

On old walls and rocks about St. Ives, and other places in Cornwall.
Huds. — On an old wall in the village of Wharf, Yorklhire. Bolt.

P. May — Sept.

1096. POLYPO'DIUM. Polypody.

Fructifications difpofed in diftinft circular dots on the
under I’urt'ace of the leaf.

Ess. Char. Fru6tiJications in roundi/k dots fcattered over
the furjace of the leaf.

i

* Leaves with winged clefts. “Lobes united.

POLYPO'DIUM vulga're. Leaves with' winged
clefts ; wings oblong ; fomewhat ferrated ; blunt. Root
fcaly. —

Didw. 18. — Curt. i. 12. — Bolt. 18. — Bull. igi. — Blachv. 215. —
Toum. 316. — Wale. — Garf. 466. — Fuchf. 588, cop. in Trag.
540, and Dod. 464. 2, which 7'epr. in Ger. em. 1 132. 2. — Tourn.
316. — Ger. 972. — Matth. 1293. — Dod. i, repr.in Lob.

obf. 475. I ; ic. i. 814. 2, Ger. em. 11^2. i, and cop. in Park,
lo^g, 1, and H. ox. xiv. 2. row i. i. — Ger. 974. i. — Can.
epix. 993. — Lon. i. 224. i.

Lerrues finely ferrated at the edge. St. With. — FruSlifcations yel-
lowifh brown, in rows, parallel to the rib of the wings. With.

On old walls ; fhady places ; and at the roots of trees.

P. June — Oft,

The root is fweetifh : by long boiling it becomes bitter. When
frefh it is a gentle purgative. An infufion of fix drams of it in half
a pint of boiling water may be taken at twice.

^ Huds. — :Wings doubly ferrated. — Barr. 38.

Walls of Windfor Gallic. R.fyn. — [Worcefterlhire. St.]
y Wings lobed. Bolt.

Bolt. 2. 5. b. a portion of a leaf.

In a wood near Bingley, Yorklhire. Mr. Alexander.
o' Wings with- winged clefts. St.

Variety y of Lightf. and Huds.

H. ox. xlv. 2. 8. — Pluk. 30. i. — Bolt. 2. 5. C^J a portion of the leaf.

common

56

C R- Y P T 0 G A M I A;

* in this fiate !t never produces' fructifications. The' fame is obferv-
able of tlie wax^ed variety of Af plenum Scolopmdnum. L : c h t r .

' ,*Oa a rockin a wood near Dennys Powys. Caftlc,. not far from
Cardiff, Giamorganfliire. R.Jyn. . P. June — Ocft.

, POLYPO'DIUM ca'mbrtairh. Leaves with winged
clefts. Wings fpear-ihaped/ ragged with winged clefts,'
ferrated.' — ■

P- Vul^are y which fee.

* * Leaf ivinged.

Spkemwrt P O' L Y P 0 ' D I U M Lone hi'tls. Leaves winged.

Wings crefceiat-fliaped, deilining, with fringe-like ferra-
tuTes. Leaf-ftalks with chaffy fcales. —

FI. dan. 497. — To2im. 314.— -Bo/f. ig. — Matth. g22, cop. in Ger.
979, and Ger. eni. 1140, 3.— PM. 89. 6. — H. ex. xiv. 2. row
3, I. — Cam.eptt. 664. cop. in Park. 1042. i, and J. B.
iii. 744. — Lon. ii. 34. I.

Rough, and of a harder texture than the other Ferns. H.* ll.' — This
plant and P. acukatum bear fo ftrikirtg- a refemblance to each other
in figure, colour, fubftance, manner of growth, and general habit,
that I have been fometimes tempted to allc whether it be poflible
th&t P. Lonckitis might be a variety of P. acukatim. Bolt. St. —
Leaves m circles round the crown of the root, which is rough with
the remains of decayed leaf-flalks, keeled, from the wings being
bent upwards on each fide the leaf-flalk; Pvings fo clofely placed as
to be tiled, the lower edge covering the upper edge of the next
beneath, ferraturejr frequently but iiiegularly terminating in fhbrt
Ipine-like teeth, furrowed underneath with veins, the margin of the
upper half of the bafe of each wing parallel to the general leat-ftalk.
Leaf-ftalk furrowed abo\'e. Fruclifcalions difpofed in 2 parallel lines
on- each wing, with 5 or 6 dots forming 2 lines on the lobe. Mr.
WooDW. St.' — Wings, the lowermoft frequently diftindl, fhortcr, and
broader, thelower half nearly equal to die upper, and fometimes
alihoff forming a lobe ; doubly ferrated, the larger fenatures taper-'
ing to-a'fharp point, the intermediate ones from i to 2, bluntifh.
St . — Cultivation however does not change the appearance of
P. Lonchitis: St. -^Fruclif cations- 12 pair or more.

Royal Polypody. Greet Spkeriwort.

Clefts of rocks. On the higheft mountains “of Caernarvonfhire ;
on Sfiwvdon'; on Glydar near Llanbcrris, and at the foot of the
rocks among (he Highland mountains. P, May to Sept.

■* * * Leaves

F I L I C E S, Polypodiiim.

"*** Lxjves mojlly doubly vsrnged ; their mtgs being conjkent at the

that th^' are rather kdfiiinged than really dottbly winged. ^ ,

POLYPO'DIUM fonta'num. Leaves winged, fpear- rock
fhaped. Leafits roundifh, finely cut. Stem fmooth.

Fhk. 89. .3. — Lob. adv. 361. 2, repr. in ic. i. 810. i. — Bolt. 21,
mid-ribwellexpreffed.—Barr. 432. i.— FM. 89. 2and^.* — Gcr.

980. 2. — The above is given from an ixaminaticn of a fine
fpecimen gathered by Mr. Dickenfon, at St. Bourne, in Provmce.

Leaves almoft doubly winged. Its habit that of P. fragiiis, but the
leafits clofer together, and not fo deeply fubdivided^ Frutlifications
in larger dots, and proceeding not from a roundifh fcale, but
from an oblong tvhite narrow valve or chink. Linn. — Stem
green, naked for about an inch from the root. Bolt. — Plant
3 or 4 inches high. Wings alternate, 3 or 4 lines long, either
winged or wing-cleft. Leafits deeply cut into 2 or 3 pointed lobes.

Mr, WooDw. — diftinA, but not remote, fo deeply
divided, that if their mid-rib is compared with the general mid-rib,
the whole leaf may be confideted as doubly winged. St.

Old walls and rocks above Hammerlham Church, and in rocky
places near Wybourn, Weftmoreland. — Alfo In Buckinghamlhire.
Bolt. June-— Sept.

POLYPO'DIUM ilven'fe. Leaves almofi: doubly hairy
winged ; Leafits oppofite ; united ; blunt ; hairy under-
Heath ; very entire at thebafe. LiNNi — Stem hairy. With.

£olt, g. — ffp dan. 391, is referred to by Linn, but omitted, and I think
properly, by Mr. Hudfon. — J. B. iii. 748. I, cop. in Park. 1039.

3, is defcribed as being 1 2 inches long.)

Scarcely more than a finger’s length. Stalk greenilh, not
fblackifh purple. Nearly allied to the Polypodies in its frudlifica-
Rions being difpofed in dots, but thefe are very much crow'ded. Linn. .

— Lfaciei fpear-fhaped. Leafits remote below, above near together,
Ibetween wing-cleft and cut, fegments oblong-roundifh, very entire,
with whitifh fcattered hairs on both fides, chiefly towards the edges.
iDots furrounded with whitilh hairs, fpreading over the dot in
warious directions. St. — Stem hairy. Leafits, from 7 to impair;
flobes 5 or 6 pair. Bolt. With.

Acrofiicktm ilvenfe. Syjl. pi. Polypodium fronde duplicato pinnata,

{&c. FI. Suec. 850. 938.

Clefts of rocks. Near the top of Clogwyn y Garnedh, facing
(N. W. directly above the lower lake, li.fyn. Hods, [in company
»withMr, D.^VIES.] P. July— Sept.

iVol. m.

• Which lajl not fo ^ood. Mr, Woodward,

L

POLY-

C R Y P T O G A M I A,

alpine POL-.YPO'DIUM alpi'num* Leaves almoft doubly
winged, Leatits diftant, heart-fhaped. Segments fcol-
loped at the edge ; woolly underneath. Stem fmooth,
■With.

Flttk. 8g. 5. — H. ox. xiv, 3. 23.— ‘Bo/f. 42. — PM. 179. 4. — JBair.
ic, 432. 2.

Doubly winged, Leafits blunt, diftant, woolly underneath. FI.
Lapp. 383. Leajits 6 or 7 pair ; lobes 2 pair ; terminated by an odd
.one. Bolt.

Acrojlkhtcm alpinmi. Bolt. 76.

On Alpine-Hills, but rare. Linn. — ^^High mountains, Scotland and
Wales. Bolt.

li'ood. POI, YPO'DIUM Phego'pteris. Leaves almoft
doubly winged , the lowermoft leafits bent back ; each
pair united by a four-cornered little wing. —

Bolt. 20.* — H. ox. xiv. 4. 17./. 3, the quadrangular wing net
expreffed.-^fFl. dan. qgy, isP. Lonchitis.J

Leajits i'pear-fhaped, with winged clefts. Linn. — ’A'hen the Leafits
alternate, the quadrangular wing is lefs obvious. St. — Leajits, rib,
and often the whole leaf and edges hairy. Hall. St. — Lobes, the
lowermoft pair fhorter than thofe above. St. Bolt. — Plant fome-
times 19, and ftalk 12 inches high. Leafits, the lowermoft pair not
confluent as all the reft, and placed one and ahalf inch from the pair
above it ; in a vigorous plant bent almoft back to back, in confer
qufence of which, when dried and gummed on paper, they form an
acute angle with tlie ftalk, and might lead thofe who had not feen
the plant growing, to fuppofe they grew in the fame place with the
reft. Lci4c5 feml-elliptical. Mr. Woodward.

Clefts of rocks in moift and fhady places and woods, in Yorkflilrc,
Weftmoreland, Devonfhire, and the Lowlands of Scotland. [Barrow-
iield Wood near Kendal, by the fall of Lodore near Derwent
•Water, and In fevcral woods in the North. Mr. Woodw. — Woods
in tlie Highlands and Lowlands. Weftmoreland. St.]

. . ’ P. June —

crejled ; _POLYPO'DIUM crijla'tum. Leaves almofl doubly
winged. Leafits egg-oblong. Wings bluntilli, fharply
ferrated towards the end. —

Mull.

* The lowermoft pair of leafits touch the pair above, and their bending
back to back not exprclTcd. Mr. Woodw, St.

59

F I L i C E S. Foiypodiunl.

^it'U. 2. 4, almoJl treR)' 2* * e ?* mngs not quite Jo deeply

divided. The points of (he ferratitre's itot Juffckntly fne.‘^'Fluh.

181. 2. — PM. 180. 5, its middle Jlate of groivth.-^Bolt. 23^
fei ratines repiyfented c.s ending in hairs. — FI. dan. 707, is a 'toler-
able reprejentation of the upper pai't of 'a large plant, but the points
ofthefcrraiurestoolang. — Mapp.

bn the upper but not oh the lower leafits'; Linn.—
but with us on all the leaiits, when the plant is come to rilaturity.
Lightf. Mr. DickeS'sOS'.— Lecz/’, when the plant arrives at matu-
rity, trebly v/inged. Mr. Dickenson. — Loiet hoeked. Serratures
pointing inwards. Schreb. St, — Leaves in moift bnd rich Ibils
upright, 3 or 4 feet High-, and trebly winged, th’e lov/er pair gf
leafits fhortcr than thofe above ; on dry rocks and banks 10 or 12
inches high, the firft pair of leafits the largefi, and the only pair that
are triply divided. Bolt.— ending in Ihort awns. Mr.
\Voodward.— Points of all the ferratures ho\\-ed inwards. St;

Po/jtorfMi Mull, fridi n. 641, and 845. — P. fpinulofum. FI. dah.

7^7^ as is evident frorh the reference to the FI. frid. In the fig. in
the FI. dan. none of the wings atb cut, but they are deferibed as being
fo in the fpecific charadlen St*

Moift woods and ftiady places^ in a gravelly or rocky foil, from
the chinks of moift rocks and old wall's ; and in matlhy places at the
toots of hollow oaks. [Bogs on Birnlingham Heathi With.]

' P. June — Sept.

POLYPG'DIUM Oreo'/i^prtV. LeaVes almoft doubly heath
winged, fpear-fhaped, Leafits very entire, bluntifhj
Fructifications at the edges.— ^

Boltk 22.

Stem fmooth, with 2 furrows ; about a foot high ,* afrtgt alternate t
: leafits fpear-fhaped, bluntlfh. WilldeNow. 291. n. 883. — Leafits-^

\ lower ones fmalfi triangular, remote; upper ones near, fpear-fhaped.

' Vo GLER.— Foot large, fcaly; Fruflificatiorts zlwsys marginal; both
in the young and old ftate, and never becomb confluent ; leafits
■ alwa-y'S flat. Four times as large as the P. Thelypteris. Dickson.

ITranf. L. S. 1. 182.

Poly podium montanuvi. Vogler. — P. Thelypteris. Hudf. Lightf. Bolt.

In Wales. North of England. On dry hills through all Scotland.
IDickson. P.

* Hallfr fayj, [rqm a fpecimen fent him b/ Muller, that it Is P, FHi»famina.

E 2 **** Leaf

CRYPTOGAMIA.

6o

**** l_caf doubly ttinged.

male VOLYPO'DIXJM Fi'Ux mas. Leaves doubly wingeci,
Wings blunt, finely fcolloped. Stalk chaffy. —

Biil. 183. — Gunner i. 4, p(»-don of a leaf. — Tourn. 310, upper fur*
face; 2,s it under furf ace; ^12, fruSlif cations. — Bolt. 24. — Ger.
969. I. — luchf. 568, cop. in J. B. iii. 73 8. i, and Dod.
462. i. — Blachv.*^2^, good, except that 'the wings are not
fcollopcd.^Garf, 271. — H. ox. xlv. 3. 6.-^Matth. 1290, imit. in
Cam. epit, 991, which cop. in Parh, 1036. — Lob. obf. 473. i, repr.
in ic. i. 812. 1, and Ger. em. 1128. — Lonic. i. 223. 3.

TruElificaJtions kidney-fhaped. Linn. — Wings femi-elliptical, Mr,
WooDW. — often ferrated to the bafe. St,-— FrubHf cations from 7 to
3 on each leafit. With.

Male Polypody. Male Fern.

Woods, heaths, and ftony places. P. June — 0<5l.

The Siberians boil it in their ale, aiid are fohd of the flavour
which it imparts to it. The powder of tlie root is Madame NoufFer’s
celebrated remedy to expel the tape-worm. She gives the patient a
liquid lubricating fuppcr, and if coftive a commbn glyfter. Early
next, morning two or three drams of the root in powder are exhibited
mixed with water* If thrown up it muft be repeated. The patient
muft fall two hours, and then take a draftic purge. See Dr. Simmon's
account of the Tfcnia.

A horfe eat' it, St.

female POLYPO'DItJM Fi'Ux fcemlna. Leaves dohbly
winged. Little wings fpear-fhaped, with winged clefts,
pointed. —

Pluk. 180. 4. — H. ox. xiv. 3. 8, — Bolt. 25. — Muni. 288. 84. — J.B,
iii. 738. — Hedu'ig. Theoria. 7. 34, a leafit magnified. -^(B\ackw.
325, is Pteris aquilxna before it has reached its Jlate of malurlty.)

Fmclifications egg-fliaped, fomewhat fringed, folitary. Linn. —
Lobes deeply cut with one or two divifions; teeth often ending a
fliort awn. Mr. Woodward. — Very brittle. The moft elegant of
all our Ferns. One dot of frudlificatiohs on each little lobe of the
leaf. Bolt.

Moift and fhady marfhy places, moift rocky woods, and about
brooks and rivulets, and on heaths. P. June — Sept.

B PM. 284. 3, cop. in Brit. herb. 30, a fingle fting. Elegant Staford-
jhire Fem, the points of the leaves finely cut. PM. 151.

Found by Sir T. Willoughby on Lichfield Minfter. Brit. herb.

POLY-

F 1 L I C E S. Polypodium.

POLYPd'DIUM T’helyp'terh. Leaf doubly winged, marjlt
Leafits with winged clefts/ very entire; quite, covered
v.'ith dull on the under fide. — .

Hedivig. 6. — SchmiJd. ii. i. 2. — BoU. 43. — FI. dan. 760. — Mapp.
y.a.atp. io6.-^7. B. iii. 739. i,' — Ger. 981. 3. — Ger. em.

1135. i,' cop.in Park. 1041. i.

Its habit that of P. Filiv mas. Stem fmooth. , Old kafts covered
with feed' velTels. Barren- leaves broader and blunter. Linn. — Root
fmall, creeping. Dickson. — Leafts alternate, coaEuent; in the,
barren plant broader; in the fertile plant, the edges bent back when
the fruit ripens. Mr. Woodward. — Leaves moftly doubly winged.

LeajiM very entire. Willdenow. 292. n. 884. With.

Bogs; native of England, Linn. — About Norwich. Mr. Dickson;

—[St, Faiths Newton 'Bogs near Norwich. Mr, Pitch ford.— Bog.s
near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] P, July.

• 3 Leaves almoE doubly winged, fpear-fliaped ; leafits crowded ;
lobes blunt, ferrated ; ftalk chafiy.

P. /ragrans. Huds. LiNN.fyft. pi.

Its habit that of P. F. mas, but far fmaller. Leafits more clofely
crowded. Lobes on the fides blunt, more deeply ferrated. Linn.

— I have feen a perfect fpecimen of P. Thelypteris only fix inches
high, which I fufpecl to be Hudfon’s plant. St. — I fufpedl the P.
fragrans of Mr. Hudfon to be a variety of the P. Thelypteris ;■ the
feeds taking root in rocks, produce fmall plants, having the parts
crowded. Bolt.

Moift clefts of rocks'near Kefwick, Weftmoreland. Huds.

P. July' — Oiflober.

POLYPO'DIUM aculea'tum. Leaves doubly winged, prickly
Wings crefeent-fhaped, with fringe-like teeth.' Stalk
chaffy, —

Mill. ill. — Bolt. 26. 1 3. — H. ox. xiv. 3. 15. /. i. — PM. 179.

6, a young plant only winged. — Piuk, 180. i, fully grown.— Pluk.

180. 3, in its middle ftate of growth.

Lobes awned at the end, and one or two of the ferratures awned,

Mr. Woodward. — Leaf of plants not arrived at an age fufficiently
mature to produce fruAifications fimply winged, in which Bate it
■ correfponds with the character of P. Lonchitis, but it is not of fo thick
. and rigid a texture, and the wings are more cut. St, See Bolt. fig.

2. plate 26. With.

Woods and fhady places. P. June — Odl.

. 3 Huds. feems to be the plant in its fulled perfedfion. St.

Huds. — Leaves fprinkled with a mofs-like down, Pluk.

E 3 ^ The

.ts>

CRYPTOGAM I A.

5 The uppermoft wing of the lowermoft pair of each Icafit con^j-.
dcrably larger than the reft, St .-^though this feims always more or
lefs the cafe. With.

Polypoduim Icbaluiv.. Huds. which fee.
s General midrib forked towards the top. St.

tohed POLYPO'DIUM loMtum. Leaves doubly winged.
Little wings ^g-fhaped, wdth fringe-like ferratures, eared
at the upper fide oF the bafe. Stalk chafly, Huns.

Phik. i8o. 3. — {Bolt. 26. 2, iJ a ftill younger plant of P. aaikatuvii
than what Mr. Hudfon appears to intend by his P. lobatum.)

Very nearly allied to P. acukattm. Poftibly not a diftineft fpecies.
Huds .-^It fhould feem to be merely a younger plant, Dill.Lightf.
Mr. Woodward, St. With,

Shady places, and hedges. P. June-*~Sept.

^jlone POLYPO'DIUM rha'tlcvm. Leaves doubly winged,
Leafits and wings diftant,^ fpearfliaped, Serraturea taper-
pointed. —

Bolt. 45.-r-ri?'. ox. xiv. 4. 28. — pluk. 8g. 4, is referred to by Mr^
Hudfon and Bolton, but the wings in that figure are oppofite. k
feems to be a delicate plant of P. crijlatum.

Very clofely allied to P. a'iflatum, but much fmaller. I am 'in
doubt whether it be a diftinift fpecies. fieDs.rrJSlot one fourth fo.
large. kFyigj never more than with winged clefts; ferratures not fn
deep, or pointed, and taper-pointed, not awned. Mr. Woodward,
r-rAbout a foot high. Upper leafits of the wings larger than the
oppofite lower ones, which at once diftinguilhes it from theP. fragile.
Bolt. With.

In Scotland. Mr. Dickson.- — On ftony mountains in Weftmore-.
land. On the top of Glyder mountain, on the fide which hangs over
Llyn Ogwan Lake; and near Phainou Vellon, [On walls near
Amblefide, Weftmoreland. Mr. Woodward.] P. June — Sept,

brittle POLYPO'DIUM frag- He. Leaves doubly winged,
Leafits diftant. Little wings roundilli, cut.-^

Bolt. 46 and 27. — Fluk. 180. 5. — Seguier. i. i. r. — Barr. 432. 2,

FI. dan. 401. — y. B. iii. 741. 2. — Dod. 465, repr. in Ger. i
em. 1 135. 2, wings too broad if the plant. 1

Stalks imooth, very tender, extremely brittle, reddifh at the bafe, ;

, Leafts winged, nearly oppofite, 10 to 15 pair. Wings 6 to 8 pair,

diftintft, with three or more lobes on each lidc, veined. Pniffifications. j
4 to 8 on a wing, fometlmes covering almoft the whole under fide of i
the leaf, Weis, St. With, j

Dry

F I L I C E S. Polypodium.

Dry ftonv places, in the Northern parts of the ifland; in, Wales;
and about Briftol.— On old caftles and done fenct^, about. Settle,-.

Yorkfhire. [Rocks at Matlock, Derbylliire, and the I^iofthern
counties. Mr. Woodwaru.] P. June Sept.

0 Huns.-— Smaller. Leaves divided into longer and finer feg-
ments. Ray.

Oir the higheft rocks of Snowdon in a place called Clogtvyn du yn
yr Ardhu. Llhwyu in H. ox. iii. 581. n. 31.-
y Wings oblong, cut, ferrated. St.^

Specimen from the garden of tlic late 'Mr. More of Shrewfbuiy.

Mr. Dicke.nson.

J Taller and flenderer, Rib pale green. Leafits more remote.

Whole plantligbter, more tranfparent, and moredelicate.BoLT.S.T._

Boh. 2. 6. .

In moift and very fhady fituations in the deep fiffures of moift
recks where the fun was excluded. Bolt.— [On the moill rocks of
Crib y D y Ddcfcil near Lianberris, Caernarvonfh. Mr.GRU'FiTH.J

***** Leaves more than doubly compound.
POLYPO'DIUM Dryop'teris. Leaves more than branched
doubly compound. ' Leafits in threes, doubly winged.—

Bolt. 2^.—Trag. 538, cop. in J. E. iii. 741- i, and imit. in Lon.
i. 224. 2.—Ger. 974' — ''GlnJ. ii» 212. i, tepr. in Get. em.

1 135. 3, and a branch cop. in Park. 1044? middleniojl Jigine, and.
the whole imitated in H. ox. xiv. 4. ig.-* — (FI. dan. 759, withwings
dijlinPl at the baje, and Jharply ferrated, cannot Jurely have been
intended for it.)

Fruclif cations placed near the rib of the lobe of the leafit. Bolt.

‘ With, r, , , j

Dry ftony places in Yorkfhire, Lancafhi.re, Wcftmorcland, -and

Scotland. [Amongft the rocks at the fail of Lodorc on the fide. of
Derwent-water, Cumberland. Mr. Woodward, St.— Barrowfield
Wood near Kendal, and other rocky woods in the North.^ Mr.
Woodward.] P. June— Sept. .

0 Leaves larger. The largefl lobes lobed or divided half-way
down to the mid^rib. Stalk taller, firmer, .white, opaque. Bolt.

Bolt. I. I.

In White-fcars near Ingleton, Yorkfhire, and in thc^Peak of
Derbyfhire. Bolt. . ■ n

The Fern Moth feed? upon the different fpccics fif

• > I

*'• to ro**.' : * •’ • •r

• ■ • 1 ■ ‘ ' >2971 'A D In.

<54 C R Y P T O G A M I A.

1297. A D I A N '‘T U M. Maidenhair.

Fructifications in oval fpots, undej "the ends of the
leaves, which are bent back.

Ess, Char. FruEtif cations in terminating fpots j under the
margin of the leaf folded bach

true ADIAN'TUM CapiJ'lus ven'eris. Leaves doubly
compound ; leafits alternate. Wings wedge-fhaped *
lobed, on leaf-ftalks t> o -

Bull. 247.— BoZf. zg.—Toum. 317. z.—Ger. 982. 2.—Toum-.
317' Cam. epil. cop, in Park. 1049. i.—^Matth. 1201.
— J. B. iii. j^z.-^Lob. adv. ^61. i, repr. in ic. i. 809. 2. Garf.
125. A.-^Ger. 982. x.-^F^ichf 82, cop. in Frag. 531. — Dod.
469, 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1143. i.

About 5 or 6 inches high. Lobes fan-lhaped, with 4 or 5 nicks at
the end. Bolt. With.

, MaiderJiair.

Rocks and moift walls., Barry Ifland arjd Port King, Glamorgan-
Ihire. — Ifle of Arran, near Galloway,. p. May Sept,.

1298. TRICHO'MANES. Goldilocks.

Empal. turban-fhaped, fingle, upright ; rifing from the
very edge of the leaf.

Shaft briftle-lhaped ; terminating the Capfule.

Ess. Char. FruElif cations folitary, terminated by abri(lle^
fhaped Shaft, and inferted into the very edge of the leaf.

j T ^ ^ an E S Leaves almoft

doubly winged. Wings alternate, crowded, lobed;-
Itrap-ihaped

Bolt.^o.*~Ray at p. 128, a young plant. — Pet. pier.

*2’ Ray 3. fully grown, but Mr, Bolton ajfures us muck larger
than any he has Jeen growing.

Root woolly and hairy. Stems winged, brownilh black below,
^cen above. Leaves thin, pellucid, Ihining, deep green. Fi-uclifca-
none obfervable. Dill, in R. fyn. 127. n. i -4.-^5 ind if-

tinclly

* Does not well exptefs the appearance of my fpecimers. Mr. VS

OOrWARD*

F I L I C E S. Trichothanes.

65

tinclly waved or fcolloped on their edges. Seed~vcjfcls, none difcovered,
Our plant probably only a luxuriant variety of T. hnbrigmfe, their
figure, texture, and whole habit being the fame, and differing only,
in fize. In cavities excluded from the fun, I have found fpcqjpfns
partaking equally oiT. pyjddaltmi and txmbrigcnji, ' which are figured
in t. 2. f. 7. Bolt. — kVihgs varv’ing in fhape, all deeply lobed, very
entire at the edge; little refembling T. ticnbrigenfe in any thing but,
the thinnefs and tranfparency of its leaves. It has not been found
in frudlifieation, but many fpeciesofMofles are found in abund-
ance year after year, without any frudlifications ever appearing.
Mr. WooDW. — But in the fig. of Pet. referred to by Linnaeus and
Jiudfon, feed-vefiels are reprefented. St. With.

On dripping rocks. At Belbank, half a mile from Bingley, at the
headofa remarkable fpring, in a little dark cavern under

a dripping rock, a little below the fpring of Elm CraggWell. Bolt.

P. Aug,

TRICHO'MANES tunhrlgen'fe. Leaves winged, tunhridge
Wings oblong; forked; running down the rib ; toothed.

Fldan.gsi. — Bolt. 31,* teeth Scarcely obvious, andthefrvk on
naked fruit-Jldlks. — Bolt. 2. 7* — Plx(k. 3. 5- H.o^c.X-'v. 7. fio*

— Pluk.^. 6.

Globules confifting of feeds produced between 2 leafy valves.

Linn. — ^Wings fometimes, not always, ferrated or fcolloped. Bolt.

elliptical, narrow; teeth fharp. Mr. Woodw. — Leaves, zll
producing fruifiifications w'hen growing in an ■ open expofure, but
in chinks of fhady rocks they become luxuriant, afluming the
appearance of T. py.xidifenm, and never bear frudtifications. Per-
haps in the latter ftate, it is the plant fuppofed by the Englifh
botanifts to be T. pyxidiferum. Mr. GRirt iTH. — Empalemnt fitting,
leaves 2, irregularly fquare, fomewhat toothed. FrucHJicalionsiimihr
to thofe of other Ferns, on a narrow fpike-ftalk. St. — Empalemcnt
fupportedon a fhort fnut-ftalk. With.

Moift clefts of rocks and ftony places. Near Tunbridge, amongft
the pebbles at Cockbufli, on thecoaftofSufiex. On Dartmore, Devon-
fhire, and on the mountains of Weftmoreland, Cumberland, York-
fhire, and Wales; and both in the Lowlands and Highlands of
Scotland. [High mountain at the Head of Winandermere, Weft-
moreland. Dr. Smith.] P. May — OdL

^ Larger. Bolt. p. 59, and xii.

Bolt. 2. 7.

Accords

♦ Teeth ef iKe Icavfs not well expreffed. Mi. Wccdwarb.

66'

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Accords with a. In figure, texture, colour, and habit. Bolt.-^
Specimens according exaAly with Mr. Bolton’s figure, from a root
which produced other fmaller leaves which bore fryiclifications,
Mr. GRiffiTH.— of Mr* Griffith’s fpecimerj two inches and a
half high, thofe of other fpecimens from Scotland exaclly fimilar to
it, and which bear frudifications quite as large. Thefe circumfianccs
conjoined with what is remarked in the notes on the T. tmbrigenfe,
induce me to believe Linnaeus’s pyxidiferum an4 tmbri^enfe to b?
varieties of one and the faiTje fpecics. §T,

1^00. PILU^jA'RIA* Pillwort.

Barren Flowers like poM'der, in 3 line wider the leaf.
Fertile Flowers at the root.

Capsule globular ; wqth 4 cells, containing rnany feeds,
Ess. Char. Flower s>, the barren on the Jide of the leaf,
Fruhiijication fertile, near the root, globular, with 4
cells,

ruJlleleQved PILULA'RIA globuUf'era,

Dill. 79, before thefrmt quite ripe. — FL dan. 223, fruit ripe. — Bull,
S75.^Bolt. qp.-^Pet. g. B.r^Vcull. 15. 6.*r-r-Plu.k. ^8. j.—H.
ox. XV. 7. 49.

Capjulc filled in the lower part with oval, fomewhat angular
white feeds, containing a yellow kernel; but towards the top
with white conical fubftances of about the fame fize, compofed of
a membranaceous femi-tranfparcnt coat, containing a number of
fmall globular grains. As Linnaeus docs not inform us that he
examined with a microfeope, what he conceived to be the barren
fiowers, and as from his placing the genas in this clafs, itfliould
feem that he had not difeovered any Diift, it is poffible that the
bodies juft now defcribed, may perform the office of impregnating
the feeds within the capfule analagous to tfte ftrudlure of Ficus, Sr,

peppergrajs. Peppermofs.

In grounds that have been overflowed, efpecially in a fandy foil,
^Near Streatham Wells, Petersfield, and on Hounflow Heath.
[Ha In ford and Stratton Heaths, Norfolk, Mr. Crowe.— St. Faiths
Newton Bogs, Mr, Pitchford.J p. June Sept,

1301. ISO'ETES,

* Capfules too fmooth. Mr. Woodward,

F I L I C E S, Ifbetes,

67

I-.OI. ISO'ETES. Quill wort.

Barreji Floiverf folitary ; within the bofom of the hlne^i
leaves.

Empal. Scale heart-fliaped, pointed, fitting.

Bloss. none.

Chive. "Thread none, 7*;^ roundifii, with i cell.

Fertile Flowers folitary, within the bofom ol' the outer
leaves of the fame plant,

Empal. as above,

Bloss. none.

Point. Seedbud egg-lhaped, and together with the Shaft
and Summit concealed within the leaf.

S. Vess. Capf&le fomewhat egg-lhaped, with 2 cells ; con-
cealed within the bofom of the leaf.

Seeds numerous; globular.

Ess. Char, Barren Flowers within the bofom of the leaf.
Fertile Frublijication; Capfule of 2 cells, within the
bofom of the leaf,— r,

ISO'ETES lacu ftris. Leaves awl-lhaped, femi-cylin^
drical, bowed back. — r

Bolt. dan. igi.r— Dill. 80. 2. — Rayed. 1. at p.t.

Root fibrous ; fibers numerous, limple, (lender, ftriking deep into
the mud. Leaves quite limber, growing in thick tufts, 6 or 7 inches
long, extremely like young rufhes, convex on the back, flat, or
(lightly convex in front ; the tranfverfe diaphragms not very apparent
in our fpecimens ; at the bafe (welling into a kind of bulb, covered
by a thin tender (kin, which burfts and difeovers it to be filled
with numerous minute whitifh feeds, which examined in the micro-
fcope appear fpherical, roughifh, fomewhat tranfparent, and having
3 ribs meeting in a center. Mr, Woodw. — I have often found it in
feed, Mr, Gr i r f 1 t h ,

At the bottom of lakes. In Phynon-vrech, [ffynnon frech] a fmall
lake near the top of Snowdon. K. fyn. Mr. Griffith.] Near
Llanberris, and Lyn Ogwan ; near the lop of Snowdon ; Loch
Tay, and other Highland lakes. — Llyn y Cwn near Snowdon,
Penna.nt. [Derwent Water, Cumberland. Mr. Woodward.]

P. May — Sept. [In feed in July. Mr. Griffith.]
B Huds. — Dill. 80. 1 ? I have often found a plant refembling this, but
nev^r could fnd it infeed. Mr. Griffith.

Leaves not fo fti(f, from the bafe of which rifes a (lem throwing
ofi (hoots at different diftanccs. Richardson in — What is

meant by a (Icm ? S r, U

common

i

I

68

C R Y P T Q G A M I A.

[I have found leaves of it in Llyn Ogwen, but could not procure
an entire plant. Mr. GRiFFiTH.-r^Attbe bottom of Dervvent Water.
Mr. WooDW.] — In the lake, and by the fide of a river in Wales.

y Huds. — -Leaves very brittle, fonaetimes twice as long as thofe
of a, narrower, and more poin,ted, tranfparent, with many minute
pores. Richardson in R.^’n. Grows with ib. p. 307.

M U S'C I. Moffes.

1302. L YC OPO'D IUM. Clubmofs.

’••^Ess. Ch.^vr, Capfule of 2 valves^ fitting. Veil none.

gammon LYCOPO'DIUM clava'tum. Leaves flattered , tern,
minating in threads. Spikes cylindrical^ on fruit-ftalksi
in pairs.-TT

Dill. 58. I. — FI. dan. 126.— H. ox. xv. g. row i. 2. — Gejn.'u
tabula piefa, f. 2,-^Blackw. 535. — Pluk. 47. 8. — Trag. 555,
cop. in Lon. i. 179. i, and imit. in Ger. 1374. 11, which repr. in
Matlh. a. C. B. — Lob. obj. 645. i , repr. in ic. i. 2442, and Ger,
em. 156a. ii.—rMatih. 63.-— ParA, 1307. 4, cop. B. iii.
766.

Stem creeping. Leaves open. Linn- — Shoots from one to feveral
feet in lyngth, firmly attached to the earth by woody fibres. Branches
expanding, diftant, trailing; the lower ones again fub-dividing into
forks. Leaves clofely tiled, ftrap-fpear-fhaped, pointed, and hooked,
with long white hairs at the end. Inthefummer, fromtheends of the
branches, the fmit-ftalks rife up, almoft leaflets, jointed, ftraight,
rigid, from 2 to 4 inches high, dividing at the top into 2 (or 3)
cylindrical, flowering fpikes. Spikes clofely tiled with fcales or
hufks, egg-fpear-fhaped, pointed, hairy at the end, ragged at the
edges. Each of thefe fcales inclofes a kidney-fhaped yet low
Capfule,^ exploding when ripe a yellow powder, which refembles
fulphur, and burns with an explofion. Weis.— Both barren and
fpike-bearing ftems forked, and again fub-dividing into forks, as

often as 5, 6, or 7 times. Branches from the principal fhoot,
alternate. Dill. ' ri,,/. '

* Since tlie late difeoveries relative to the frudification of Moffes, lie.
the Genenc.defcriptions of Linnatus appear lo erroneous, that it was ihoutlu,
ri^jht to omit them.

M U S C I. -Lycopodium. ^9

Ckh-mofs. Wolf's Cte.— Dry places on mountains, heaths', and
woods. Hamp'ftead and Hounflow Heaths, near Eflier. [Monfliold
Heath, near Nor\vich. Mr. Pitchford. — Derbyfliire, and the
North Mr. Woodward.— Cannock Heath, Staffordfliire. With.]

P. July, Aug.

In Sweden they form it into mat's or bafTes, which lie at their
doors to clean fhoes upon. — Reiftores ropy wine in a few days.

LYCOPO'DIUM Selaginol'des. Leaves fcattered, prickly
fringed, fpear-fhaped. Spikes folitary, terminating, leafy.

DHL 68, Selaginoidcs.—B. dan. jo.—Scheuch. it. i. 6. ^, atp. 43.

—Hall. ermm. 3. i. at p. 109, repr. in hijl. 46. i, at iii. p. 56.

— H. ox. XV. 5. row 2. 1 1 , the lower part of thefgure, ^ the upper
being L. inundatum, Dillenius having found a fpecivien, in Bobart s
kerbanium, in which the two f peeks zoere mixed together , and from
zvhich mojl probably the fgurc was made. — Pluk. 47. 7.

Capfules, thofe at the /la/eo/fAe/orocr /eaueswhenvievvedfidewaysappa-
’reiitly in threes, but really in fours, one pair above and the other pair
below ; at length gaping, and difclofing as many large ioM feeds;
thofe at the baje of the upper leaves yellower, of a loofer texture, entirely
fimple, round, not containing feeds but Linn. — Leai/es toothed

towards the bafe, nearly two lines long. Branches two inches long.

. Capfzdes in the bofom of the upper leaves. Scop.

Mountainous heaths and paftures. In Scotland j the North of Eng-
land, and Wales. [Mountains in Weftmoreland. Mr. WooDW.]

P. June— Sept.

LYCOPO'DIUM inunda'tum. Leaves fcattered, marfJi
very entire. Spikes terminating, leafy.—-

m. dan. 2^6.— Dill. 61. y.—Vaill. 16. ii.—H. ox. xv. 5. row a.

11, the middle and upper br anches, the rejl belonging to L. Selagi-
Twides. See that /peeks.

Stem creeping. Spikes folitary, fitting, fmooth. Linn. — Branched;
thelcngthof a finger or more; cylindrical. Spikes fitting, upright.

Leaves awl-fhaped, pointed, fmooth, on the creeping fhoots pointing
oneway, two lines long, and one broad at the bafe. Pollich.

Shoots creeping, pointing one way, thofe bearing fplkes an inch long,
upright, cylindrical. Leaves ftrap-fhaped, crowded, without terminat-
ing hairs. Spikes leafy, not different from the fhoots except in being
thicker. Ca/t/a/es compreffed, roundilh, notkidney-fhaped. Weber.

Moi ft heaths and turfy bogs. Hounflow Heath, and near Efher.

[Near Norwich, EllinehamFcn near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr, Wo odw.]

“ P. June— Sept.

LYCO-

76 Cryptogam! A.

Jir-leaved ^ Ll COPO'D lU M Sela'go. Leaves fcattered ; point-
ing 8 ways-. Stem forked ; uprights Branches all of the
fame height. Flowers fcattered. —

Dill. g6.'i.—FL den. lo^. — H. ox. xv. 5, row 2, g.^ — Scheuck
it-, i. 6. 2.

Leaves obliquely difpofed in 8 rows, which may be beft obferved
by looking at them-, ho'ding the ends of the branches perpendiciilar
to the eye; Linn. — Stemuprightj branched, from 3 to 7 inches
liigh, forked; branches again forked, clofely covered with leaves.
Leaves fpear-fhaped, fharp-pointed, ftifF, fmooth, fhining, fcolloped
or ferrated, and cartilaginous at the edge. CapfideS in the bofom
of the Upper leaves^ kidney-lhaped, flatted, yellow, opening like an
Oyfter, and pouring out a pale yellow powder. Weis. — Root divid-
ing into forks like the flem. Dill.

Mountainous heaths, in the clefts of rocks in Yorkfhire, Lanca-
fliire, Weftmoreland, Cumberland, the Highlands and Hebrides. —
Near the top of Ingleborough, Yorklhirci Curt. dbj. 132. [Moun-
tains in the North. Mr. Woodward.] P. April— Oft.

It purges, vomits, and deftroys worms. A decoftion of it is a
cure for lice in fwlne and cattlei Linn. — Its properties feem to
challenge further inquiry.

weipi LY COPO'DIUM anno'timm. Leaves foattcred *
pointing 5 ways ; fomewhat ferrated. Stem jointed at
each year’s flroot. Spikes terminating the laft, fmooth*
upright. —

Dill. 63. g. — H. ox. XV. 5. fowl-. 3. — FI. dan. i2y. — Pluki
205. 5.

Branches contrafted at the laft year’s fhoots, as in the female of
the Polytrichum coTfiniune, Leaves whorled, in fiVes, expanding*
running down. Linn.— Stewr trailing, very long. Leaves not end-
ing in hairs, a little ferrated, very rigid when dry. Flowering
fpikes fitting. FruFlijication in L. clavatum. Weis. — S/il’er hardly
one inch long; fcales egg-lhaped. Leaves four lines long, and one
•and a half broad; toothed towards the ends. — In Plukenett’s fig. the
leaves are. too fmall, and erroneoufly reprefented upright. Dill.

On the mountains of Cacmarvonfhire. R. fyn. P. June— Sept.

It is made into bafles, and affords a yellow dye.

mountain LYCOPO'DIUM alpi'num. Leaves pointing 4
ways; tiled ; pointed. Stems upright ; cloven. Spikes
lifting ; cylindrical. —

Dill. 58. 2.~FI. lapp. II. 6.— H. dan. yg.—}. B. iii. 767. i ;

' —Ger. g48 (injlead of g^2,) repr. in Matlh. a. C. B. 120. 2,

cop.

M U S C I. Sphagnum.

cop. in Gcr. em. 1562. 12, end rc-copied in Fixrk. 1310. i, arc L
complanatum.

Stem creeping, from a fpan to a foot long. Branchs alternate,
at on inch diftant from each other, upright, forked, of the length of
a little finger. Little Branches bundled, from 20 to 30 together,
exactly four-cornered, the angles blunt. Leaves thickilh. Fniit-Jlalks
terminating a branch here and there, fcarcely two or three lines
high, forked fcarcely diftinguilhable from the branches, covered
with fmaller leaves, bearing as many fpikes. Spikes tgg-ihzped,
nearly fmooth. Linn’.— All the branches divided, and repeatedly
fub-divided into forks. Dill.

Mountainous heaths in Yorklhire, Cumberland, and the moun-
tains of Wales, the Highlands and Hebrides. — Near the top of
Ingleborough, Yorklhire. Curt. obf. 133. — [Near the Holme,

about 5 miles from Burnley, LancaBaire. Mr. Woodward.]

I>. July— Oilf.

1304. SPHAG'NUM. Bogmofs.

Ess. Char Capfule with a lid, mouth fmooth. Veil none*

SPHAG'NUM paluftre. Branches bent down- gref
wards. —

Hedw. Thcor. 12. 42 to 45, and 13. 46, 47, hijl. 1. i. i, ib. ii. 3.
g.— Vaill. 2^. S— Dill. S2. i.—FL dan. 474.— PlaL loi. 1.
Scheuch. it. i. 5. 4, at p. 38. — Lob. ic. ii. 242. 2, repr. in Dod,

472. I, Ger. em. 1559. i, and cop. in Park. 1306. n.i.^

Capfules burfl: with a crackling noife. Linn. — Growing in tufts.

Shoots 6 to 1 2 inches high. Pale green ; white when dry. Seeds ^
grecnilh. Readily known by its whitifh colour, and its globular
Capfules. Neck. — ^Xhe greater part of the ftem buried in the mud,
the part above from 4 to 12 inches high, fometimes fub-dividing.
Branches undivided, irregular, the lower more dillaut, the upper
forming a fort of broad topped fpike, but all of them hanging down.

Leares egg-fpear-lhaped, clofely tiled. Fndt-Jlalks 2 or 3 lines long,
terminating. globular. Lii convex, beaked. Month-

Weis.

Peat Bogs. [Near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.] P. July, Aug.

B The whole habit more flender.
Dill. 32, 2. — Hedw. hijl. i. 3.

0, — 'Mot>t>. at p. 200.

C.

72

CRYPTOGAMIA.

In variety (a.) die Icafits are concave, oblong, blunt ; in (£) fiat,
awl-fliaped, fharp. Arc they not diftindl fpecies, the firft growing
in running, the latter in ftagnant water ? Willdenow.

clptne SPHAG'NUM alpi'mm. Somewhat branched ;

Upright. —

_ M..32.3.

Schreber conjectures it to be a Bryum. Linn.— Of a beautiful
’ green. Capfules egg-fiiaped. Leaves ftrap-fpear-lhaped, pointing 3
ways. Neck.— In a denfe compact tuft, about a finger’s length,
fometimes dividing in the middle into 2 or 3 branches. Leaves
a fplendid intenfe greeti, long, narrow, pointed, ftraight, ftifF,
Capfules Ola fhort fruit-ftalks, colour of pale wax, egg-lhaped. Dill.

Bogs on Cader Idris, and Snowdon. Dill. [But I have never
found it there in frudlification. Griffith.] Aug. — Odl.

tree SPHAG'NUM arho'reum. Branched ,• creeping.
Capfules on the fides ot the branches, pointing one way.

Hedw. Slirp. 3. 15. — Dill. 32. 6. — Faill. 27. 17. '

Deep green. Branches fometimes fub-divided. Leaves fhort,
numerous, triangular, concave. Capfules oblong, on Very Ihort
fruit-ftalks, on every part of the ftem, pointing one way, nearly
endofed by an Empalement compofed of narrow leafits, ending in
hairs, very numerous. Ltd fpit-pointed, brown. Dill. — ^An inch
high, ftiff, but not upright, more or lefs branched at the bafe.
Branches fhort, expanding. Hedwig.

. 1305. PHAS'CUM. Earthmofs.

Ess. Char. Capfulezvitli a Udy the mouth ft inged* Veil
minuter-deciduous.

Obs. Phafeum acaulon and fahulatum are fumifhed with a Veil,
and- therefore may properly be afibciated with the Bryum’s. Linn.

M •• -'r- ‘ *

oval PMA-S^CUM acau'lon, Stemlefs. Capfule fitting*
LeRves-egg-fhaped, pointed, approaching. —

^^-'Scjrre^.phafc. i. i and 2.— Curt. iv. 46. 276.— Dj7/. 32. ii.—Tl
‘dan.-2^g.-^, cop.in Happ. ii. Ha/c. i, a. — Aick, meth. t. 1, at p.
Y''^:‘^>^'-^‘^^l^agrdfed.-^Pet.i. 95. 14.— /PhtU 27. 2, feemstohe
327 r-, is P. muikum.—Fl.' daii. 249. i , is
'’''-•BuBamiafoHoJh?^ForLdmOede^^ t. 249. /. 3 btJVigg. p. 80,
and Reich, fyjl, pi, iv. p. 662, read/, i.j

Has

73

M U S C I. Phafcum.

t

Has a veil and a lid. L t n n .—Shoots crowded. Veil on one fide the
I fcapfule. Neck. . .

Heaths and ditch banks on fandy foil. A. Jap. — ^May.

(3 Sckreb. phqfc. i. ii and 12. — Dill. 32. 12. — Vatll. 27. 2. , ^

SAooti t year old bearing biilbs. Ca/>/ato Ihining; globular; Veils
I wide at bottom, fugacious. Nzck.— Leaves forming a kind of roies,

; the outer ones open, the inner ones bending inwards, incloling a
, CapJuU, egg-lhaped, orange coloured or brown, very minute. Ud
: beaked. Veil llightly fcored, covering one lide of the capfule. Weis.

—Only a few lines in length, growing in patches. Leaves, upper
i ones the largeft, approaching fo as to form a fort of bulb, fkinny,

L' concave, foft, without a nerve> ending in a fhoit hair, which iS bell

1 feen in the dry plant. Dill.

Garden walks, hedges and ditch baiiks) winter aad fpring.

PHAS'CUM curvicdl'lum, Hedw. — Stemlefs. Cap^. crooked
■fules on fruit-ftalks', bowed downwards. Leaves fpear-
! fhaped, taper pointed, open. Dicks.

DickJ. -Hedw. Jlirp.i. Ill ■

Plant extremely minute, hardly vilible to the naked eye, unlefs
•Rowing in clufters and bearing its fwollen Capiules. Fence, leaves
iftraight, ftrap-fpear-lhaped ; the other leaves egg-fpear-fliaped. Fndt-
ijlalks very much bowed. Capjules egg-lhaped, brown and mottled
invhen ripe. Veil very fmall. Ud with a fhort beak. Often mixed
with Bryum argenleum. Ripens in May. Hedwig;

In barren gralTy places^ near Croydon. Dicks.

? HAS 'CUM fibula' turn. Stemlefs; Capfule fitting, awl-leaved
ILeaves awl -briftle-ftiaped, open. —

Hedxv.Jl.i.^^. — Curt. iv. 46.275. — FI. dan. 249. 2, cop. in
Happ. ii. F^afam 1. h. — Dill. 32. lO. — Vaill. 29. 4. fFl. dan,.

Zi^g. 1, is BuxbaUTniafoliofaiJ

Vapjules continuing all the fummer, reddifh and yelloWilh, in
autumn ripening, turning brpwn, arid opening. R.fyn. So
minute as hardly to be vilible if it did riot grow in patches ; from 2
10 3 lines high. Capjules in the terrninating rofes, fitting, the fize of
E poppy feed, yellow. Ud beaked. Weis. — Shoots not branched.

Veil covering the capfule, conical, fcored, blurtt, of Ihprt duration.

■Neck. — In a rich foil fometimes half an inch highj and with
B or 3 branches towards the top. Barren flower in the bofom of rfia
ileaves. Ltii none. Hedw. — Only 3 or 4 lines high, but growing
an patches is readily found, and the Capfules not larger than a feed
nf tobacco, are very vilible on account of the thinnefs of the leaves.

Dill.

Voi. m.

E

Heaths

74

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Heaths iri a fandy foil ; ditch banks. [Near Bungay, Suffolk*
Mr. Stone.] A. March— Aug;

alternate P H A S ' C U M alternifu’ Hum, Fertile ftems fhort.
leaved Barren ftems taller, upright. Leaves alternate awl-fhaped.
Dicks.

Dick/, i. 2.

Barren and fertile jlenis growing intermixed, and forming fmall
green tufts. Barren Shoots undivided, thread-lhaped, half an
inch and more high. Leaves very ftort, awl-fhaped, alternate,

^ rather hunched at the bafe, expanding at the ends. Fertile

Shoots undivided, i-8th of an inch high. Leaves awl-briftle-
fhaped, as long again as the capfule. Capfule, one at the end of each
fhoot, lingle, fitting, buried in the leaves, inverfely egg-fhaped^ pale
yellow. Dicks.

Bogs. [Gamlingay Bogs, Cambridgefhire. Mr. Griffith.]

April.

jhining PHAS'CUM mt'idum. Leaves awl-fliaped, keeled,
fomewhat bundled. Hedw. /?i>p. i. 91. — With a ftem.
Capfules on fruit-ftalks juft rifing above the leaves.
Dicks. 2. .

Hedw.ftirp. i. 34. -

Exceedingly fmall ; about i -8th of an inch high, upright, fonie* .
times fending out one or two branches at the bafe. leaves flender,
briftle-fhaped, furrounding, the ftems, and riling above the ends. ^
Ca])/K/w egg-lhaped, taper-pointed at the end, on Ihort fruit-ftalks, j
fometimes from the fides of the ftem and bofom of the leaves, but '
moftly term.inating, folitary, or in pairs, naked or diftineft, though
the leaves extend beyond them, when ripe brownilh. Dicks.

P. axillare. Dickf. i. 2 ; and ii. 27.

Bogs on heaths. - Sept.

hliry PHAS'CUM piliferum. With a ftem. Leaves
oblong, with hairs at the ends, upright. Sghreb. pliafc, 8.
—Capfules on fruit-ftalks. Dicks, ii. i.

Schreb. phaje. i. 6 to 10.

Leaves curling up in drying. Dicks.

In poor grafs land near London. Dicks.

creeping T? H AS ' C UM re'pens. Stem creeping. Capfules on

the fides of the branches, fitting

DiV/. 85. 16, r.

< . Stems

M U S C I. Fontinalis.

75

Stems creeping, adhering to the bark of trees. Branches fhortj
cylindrical, moftly in pairs. Capfules extremely fmall ; in the bofom
of the leaves. Dill.

Trunks of trees in Yorkfhire. Dill, P. May,

i?,o6. FONTINA'LIS, Watermofs;

Ess, Char. Capfule with a lid-. Veil Jittihgj indofed by
the Empalement.

Obs. Differing from Hypnum iri nothing blit the Capfule not
being fupported on a fruit-ftalk. Weis.

FONTINA'LIS antipyre' tica-. Leaves between greater
folded and keeled, in 3 rows ; pointed; Capfules on the
: iides of the branches,—

Dill. 33. i.—Vcdll. 33. 5.— H. ox, XV. 6. 32.— B;/xi. ill. 6g. 2.

— Mich. 59. g.—Hedzv. hi), i. 5. 27; ii. 9. 53; 54, 55, and i. 5,

Shoots a foot long or more, branched. The primary (hoot fends
;■ out lateral and terminating ones, and thefe branch out again. Neck.
-—Floating in the water. Leooes two or three lines long, and half as
Ifaroad, very entire at the edge. Capfules lateral, in tlie bofom of the
ileaves, on very fhort fruit-ftaks, inclofed in a leafy fcaly fence. Veil
iconical. Ud conical, blunt, ftarting with a fpring from the ripe
jcapfule. Fringe furroundihg a central point. Seeds green.

Upon rocks and roots of treesj in brooks, rivulets, flow ftreams
and ponds. P. June— Sept;

The Scandinavians line the infide of their chimnies with this to
defend them againft the fire, for contrary to the nature of all other
Mofs, this is hardly capable of burning.

FONTINA'LIS mi' nor. Leaves egg-lhaped ; con- lejfer
rave ; pointing three ways j pointed ; always in pairs;
Capfules terminating.—^

Dill. 33. 2. ^ ^

Leaves between folded and keeled, bn the thicker branches in
»airs. Linn. — Shoots 4 inches long, in rapid ftreams half a
rard or more, very much branched. Branches 3-fided, ending in
. lharp point. Capfules egg-fhaped, on Ihort fruit-ftalks. Weber.

— Shoots fhorter, more branched, and leaves fmaller, thicker and
i>lunter than in the F. antipyretica. Dill.

Banks of the Thames on the walls of Lambeth palace, and on the
fanks of the Ifis at Oxford. Dill. P. Aug. — Odl.

F2 FON-

76 C R Y P T O G A M I A.

fcaly FONTINA'LIS fguamo'fa* Leaves tiled ; a’A-l-*
fpear-lhaped. Capfules on the Tides of the branches. —
Hedwtg. 3. 12. — Dill. 33. 3. — J. B. iii. 778. 3.

Leaves fomctimes fpear-fhaped, {)ointed< Very nearly allied to
K antipyretica. Hods. — Capfules cgg-fhapedy fitting.- Neck. — Long
and Render ; fertile ftem generally forked ; barren ftem more branch-
ed; 4 to 6 inches long. Leaves long, fpear-fhaped, partly embrac-
ing the ftem, fo flender as to appear awl-ftiaped to the naked eye.
Hedvvig. — Shoot 4 to 12 inches long, branched, floating in the di-
rccftlon of the ftream# flender, black, bare near the root. Leavei
dark green, fmooth, fhining, black when dry. Branches 3-fided<
Capfules on the fide of the branches fitting, egg-fhaped, immerfed
in a leafy empalemcnt. Dill.-

Mountainous rivulets in Wales, North of England, highlands,
and Weftern Ifles. P. June — 0(51.

feathered FONTINA'LIS pinna' ta. Leaves pointing 2 ways ;

expanding. Capfules on the fides of the branches. —
Hedwig. flirp. 3. ig.^ — Valll. 27. 4. — Hall, enum.g. 2, at p. log,
repr. in hijt. 46. 2, at iii. p. 56. — Dill. 32. g.

Leaves with wavy wrinkles. Capfules Titting; nearly cylindrical
Neck.— SAoots creeping and forming compacfl patches; Branches
one inch long, or more. Leaves clofely com pacfl^, about a line in
length, and one fourth of a line in breadth. Capfules folitary, or
in pairs, chiefly on one fide the branches, one line long and half
as broad, fmooth, green, changing to reddifh. Mouth without a
ring, clofed with a white fringe. Lid pointed. Veil but half the
fize of the capfule; fmooth. Empal. compofed of fpear-fhaped,
pointed, fhining leafits, taller than the capfule and clofely embrac-
ing it. PoLLiCH.— Stem thread-fhaped, rigid; branches in oppofite
dire(5lions, decumbent with age. Leaves without veins. Hedwig.

Trunks of trees in the woods about Troutbcck and Amblefide,
Weftmoreland. p. Aug.— 0(5ll

hair-like FONTINA'LIS capilla'cen. Leaves flrap-briftle-
fbaped, Linn. Jl. fuec. — pointing one way, thofe of the
receptacle very long, convoluted, awl-fhaped. Dicks, ii. i.

Dill. 33. g.

Leaver crowded, channelled, in no regular order. Fruit-flalks [ur-
rowed and Uvifted. Capfules oblong. Sc op. -^Shoots g to y inches
long. Branches fometimes divided. Empal. long, from the bolbm
of the leaves, chiefly where branches arife; out of thefc come forth,
Capfules green, fmall, egg-fhaped. Dill,

Mountain rivulets in Scotland.

F O N -

77

]VI U S C I. Buxbaumla.

FONTINA'LIS alpi'ncf. Leaves moftly pointing alpine
pne way, elliptical bluntilh, 'thofe of the empal. fpear-

Ihiped, pointed. Dicks, ii. 2.

Dickf. ii. 4. I.

Leaves (hort, twilled when dry, fomewhat curled.' Caguk, toge-
ther with the empal.-thrice as large as the leaves. Dicks,

On rocks and ftones in the alpine rivuleU of Scotland.

1307. BUXB AU'MI A.

I

Barren Flower on a fruit-ftalk.

Empal. Veil conical, falling off.

Caps, oval, hunched on one fide, membi-anaceous on the
other ; mouth fringed and plaited, covered with a
lid. Lid conical, perforated at the bafe, and within
it hangs fufpended by a fine thread, the true tip,
which is lopped at the bafe, and contains duft.

Recept. Scaly bulb, none.

Ess. Char. Capfule with a lid, membranaceous^ on ondfide.

Veil falling off, Within the lid a Jac containing dujl.

BUXBAU'MIA ioUo'fa. Stemlefs. Capfule leafy
pearly fitting, furrounded with leaves, — r

Hedmg. theor. 10. 23 Ip 3 1 ; 1 1 . 32 fo 34 ; hifi. g. 51. Schmidel.
buxh. 2, or rather the lower part of the plate, conJiJHng of the fgures
dijdngtaihed by roman numerals. — Hall, enum.^.^, at p. 109;
repr. in hijl. 46. 3, at iii. p. 56. — Dill. 32. 13. FI. dan. 249, i,
ill cop. in Happ. ii. — Thafeum i, the central plant. — Hall. it. helv,

2. 3, in opufe. at p. 308. — fFl. dan. 249. 3, is P. acaulon.)

Leaves of the empal. awned. Willdenow. — Leaves, the lower-
moft open, oblong, the uppermoft upright, fpear-fhaped, taper-
pointed. Ca/>fafe fitting. Hups. 466.

Phajeum montanum. Huns.

On earth upon rocks near Llanberris in Caernarvonfhire, Dill,

253. — and on Hart-fell mountain near Moffat. Sheffield in Hudf,
cr-In the Highlands and Lowlands. Lightf. 693.

A. Sept. Odl. Dill .—May— Aug. H u d s .

1308. SPLACHS

^3

78

CRYPTOGAM I A,

1308. SPLA CH'NUM. Bottlemofs.

Ess. Char. Capfule fittin^yOn the fummit of a large coloured
fcaly bulb. Veil deciduous. Stars on a dijlin6l plant.

purple SPLAC H'NUM ampulla' ceum. Receptacle bottle-
ftiaped, in verfely conical. —

I. Fertile plant. Hedwig. Jlirp. ii. 14; hifl. 7. 33.— FI. dan. 822.
— Dill. 44. 3. — Vaill. 26. 4. — H. ox. xv. 6. 10. — Bicxh. ii. 1. 1,
is this plant, though referred by Linnaeus to S. vajcidojum, as Muller
and Hedxtig both remarh.- — Hedwig doubts of the references to Dill.
Vaill. and H. ox.

May it not be a mere variety of Mniumfontanum ? Leaves pointed.
Receptacle empty, tranfparent, an extenfion of the fruit-ftalk. Linn.
■ — Stemlhort. Fruit-Jlalk an inch or more in length. Veil Ihort,
triangular, fhining. Haller. — Stem fingle or forked, from one to
two inches high, upright, but feeble, and fupported by other colla-
teral ftems. Leaves fpear-fliaped, acutely pointed. Chives and
Pointals on the end of the fame ftioot. Feifbell-fhaped. Capfule.
• flender, cylindrical, upright. Receptacle large, fhaped like an in-
verted decanter. Lid convex. Fringe fingle, of 8 pair of teeth.
Hedwig. • ■ ♦

2'. Barren Plant ? FI. dan. 822, the lowemio/l fgure on the left
hand.

Turfy bogs, but only where the dung of animals has fallen. Linn.
—Bogs and marlhes, and often upon cow-dung. Light f. — Bogs
^ , about Hitchin Ferry near Southampton, and b.y W. Wickham, and

Addington near Croydon. R.A?!.— Flowers in May, ripens its cap-
fules in July. P. Hedwig.

[Geldeflone Fdn near Bungay,. Suffolk. Mr. Stone.]

A. March — May.

acornfhaped S P L A C H ' N U M vafulo’Jum. Receptacle bottle-
Ihaped, fo.niewhat globular. —

Hedw.flirp.u, ig.

Like S. ampullaceum, but in that fpccies the receptacle is more top-
fhaped and yellower ; in this nearly globular and blood-coloured.
Leaves egg-fhapcd, pointed. Very nearly allied to Mnium annatimm.
Linn. :Barren ftcms 2 inches, fertile ones one inch long, upright,
unbranched. Leaves fpatula- fhaped, bluntifh, alternate, dillant.

^ inch, upright, red. Receptacle large, pear-
fhaped, blood red. Capfule cylindrical, upright, brownifh yellow.
Fringe fimple, compofed of 8 teeth, in pairs. Hedwig.

Fhnfaim

M U S C I. Splachniim. 79

Thajciim pedunailatum. Huds. ed. i. adopted by Linnaeus.

Upon bogs and cow-dung, and on the points of rocks on the tops
of the Highland mountains, as Ben Lomond, and\ in the Me of
Sky, and elfevvhere. Lightf. 697.— On Scarbrae Mofs in the parifh
of Kirkmichael. Dr. Burgess.— On mountainous moift heaths in

Yorklhire, Wellmoreland, and Wales.

A. June — OcL. Huns. — ^P. Hedwig.

SPLACH'NUM urcola'tum. Hedvvig. ii. 39, pltcherjkaped
mifprinted 37.— With a ftem. Leaves tiled, egg-lhaped,
concave, with briftles at the end. Receptacle inverfely
conical, thickening. Dicks.

Hedwig. Jlirp. ii. 13.

About one inch high, fimple or forked, one fruit-ftalk on each
branch. Uaves fpoon-fhaped. fnut-ftalk upright, near an inch
high. Receptacle an inverted cone. Capfule egg-ftiaped, cylindrical
when old. Lid conical, blunt. Fringe of 8 teeth, in pairs, orange-
coloured. Hedwig.

Highlands of Scotland. On Ben High. P*

SPLACH'NUM ten'ue. With a ftem, Leaves Jlender
egg-oblong, pointed. Receptacle inverfely conical,
tapering. Dicks, ii, ?.

Dichf. 4.2.

Approaches very near to S. urceolatum, from which it differs in
the habit of its leaves, its fleiider and almoft cylindrical receptacle.

Picks.

On Ben Lawers in the Highlands.

SPLACH'NUM fpkce'ricum. Receptacle globular, fpherical
Linn, the Son. meth. mufe. 33.

Hedmg. Jlirp. ii. 1 6.

Fruit-Jlalk very long, greenilh and reddilh brown. Capfide very
Ifmall. Lid blunt. Receptacle green. Linn, the Son.— -.S'trm np-
■ right, hardly one inch high, feldom branched. Leaves diftant, al-
Lternate, fpoon-fhaped but tapering to a point. Fruit-Jlalk very long,

F (3 or 4 inches,) upright, terminating, tawney at bottom, gieen
Labove. Receptacle hrge, globular, green. Cap/aZe cylindrical, blunt,
blunt, 8 teeth in pairs, yellowifh. Hedwig.

Mountains near Stirling. Dr. Buchanan in DickJ. p. 3»

SPLACH'NUM hrexver'ia'rilum. Leaves fpear- Brexverii
' fhaped, very entire. Barren and fertile flowers on diftinft
branches, Hedw. jlirp. ii. 106.

Jledw,

C R Y P T O G A M I A.

Hedw.Jlirp. ii. 38.— Di7/. 44. 5.

Original ftcm hardly more than an inch long, but branching
out fhoot upon ftioot to feveral inches. Fruit-Jlalk about one incl^
long, upright. Ueci^tacli egg-fhaped, lopped. Capjule cylindrical.
Lid Ihort. Ring none. Mouth fringed with i6 lharp red teeth.
Veil fmall. Hedwig.— Crowded together. Stems flender, nearly
covered to the top with dead leaves. Upper leaves narrow, pellucid,
dilute green, fades bent in, TxuU-Jlalk terminating, reddilh.
Cop/tiZa dark purple red. Dill.

Moift heaths near Llyn Dwythwch, always on rotten cow dung.
Brewer in Dill. 345. CXa.— Jan. R

ntirrow SVL angujla'tum. With a ftem. Leaveg

with hairs. Fruit-ftalk veiy fhort. Linn, ^he Son.

fdzdw.Jlirp. ii. 12.

Upright, not branched, near one inch high. Leaves larger tow-ards
the top of the plant, fometimes a little toothed towards the end.
Fruit-Jlalk hardly rifmg above the leafy Empalment. Capful cone-,
ihaped, but lopped, leaning a little, ^puth fringed with 8 teeth, in
pairs. Veil oblique. Hedivig.

In moift alpine fituations in Scotland. Dicks, ii. 3, R

Jlender SPLACH'NUM mniot'des. Almoft flemlefs.
Receptacle oblong. Linn, the Son, meth. mufc., 6,
HedvL'.Jl.n. ii. — FI. dan.

Fertile fhoots upright, undivided. Barrera ftioot generally branched.
Leaves very entire, ending in a long point. Fruit-Jlalk upright,
terminating, about half an inch long. Capjule upright, egg-
ftiaped. Receptacle aq inverted cone. Lid fiat, bluntly pointed.
Prirage of eight teeth, broad, united. PriZ fiender. Hedwig.

Phafcum pedunculalum. Hudf. 'ed. I, Linn. fyft. vcg. according
to Hedw. but not fo according to Dickf. I. 2.

Mountainous places. Dicks. 1. 2, „ p

egg-Jhaped SPLACH'NU M or/aVram. Stemlefs. Leaves fpear-
egg-fhaped, pointed. Receptacle inverfe'ly egg-fliaped.—
Dickf. ii. 2. Dili. 44. 4,— IJoy 2- 2, at p. 128.

Leaves broad, ftiining. Fruitjlalks golden yellow! Dill.— A dif-
ferent plant from the Splachnum vafculqfum. Linn, to which Hudf. ■
had improperly referred. Dicks. I. 2. *

Rotten fpongy ground, as in the paftures called pmott Mocr, Lan-
pftiire. Alfo in Montgomeryfhire. Dill.— On Ben Nevis. Dicks.

1300. POLY’-

M U S C I. Poly trichum.

1309* POLY 'TRIG HUM, Hairmofs,

Ess. Char. CapfuJe ivitk a ltd, fitting on a very fmdll
excrefcence. Veil woolly. Stars on a dijlin£l plant.

Obs. Mr. Curtis has detected an inner membranaceous veil with-
in the other; butfmallcr. FI. Land.

#

POLY'TRICHUM commu'ne, Stem fimple. common
Capfule a long fplid fquare. —

Jiedw. hijh i. g. 62, 63, 64; ii. 7. 37.— Dill. 54. i.—Happ. i.

Polytrkh. i.—Mkh. 59. i. /, £, M, 0, P, Q, R.--Blackxv. 375.

—VailL 23. 8.— Gcr. 1371. 3.— Gar/. i2g.—Fuckf. 629. i, cop.
in Trag. 528. i, J.B. iii. 760. i, Lon. i. 222. 3, and Doi.

475. 2, te;Aicftre/>r.m Ger, em.'i55g, the right hand fg. of the 3
lowermoft, and imit. in Barr. 251. 3.— Tra^. 946, the tallejl of the
figures, rifmgfrm a bed of Hypnum ferkcim. — Park 1052, the
right hand jig. of the two uppemiojl.—Lob. obf. 645. 2, repr. in k.
ii. 245, and Ger. em. 1559. 2, barren plants.— Ger. 1370. 2, cop.
in Park. 1307. 3, barren plants.

Stems feveral inches high, feldom branched. Leaves near half
an inch long, flender, pointed, turning back, finely fcrrated.
Fndt-Jlalks terminating, folitar)', two to four inches long, lurrounded
by a fence at the bafe. Capfule 4-fided; mouth fringed. Veil very
hairy, hanging down below the Capfule, ragged. Weis.— From 4
to 1 2 inches high, ftiff, ftraight. Fruit-Jlalk golden red. Veil tawney.

Dill.

Great golden Maidenhair, or Goldilocks.

Woods and moors in wet boggy places. P. May, June.

When the Laplanders fleep all night in the woods, they make
themfelves beds of this mofs; and the bears colledl it for the fame
purpofe. Squiniels and birds ufe it in making their nefts.

^ Linn. Leaves fhorter and lefs flexible. Dill.

Dill. 54. 2.—Vaill. 23. 6. — FI. dan. 295.— if. ox. xv. 7. 6 and 8.

— Lol». ic. ii. 243. i,repr. in Ger. em. 1563. 14, and cop. in
Park. 1308. g.

•SAooO much fhorter than (a) and moftly branched. Weis. —

Veil double, the outer one hairy, the inner one much fmaller, white,
fmooth, membranaceous. Leers. — Leaves fharp-pointed,- very
entire. Friut-ftalks two inches long. Pollich. — Whole plant fmallpr
than the preceding, except the Veil, which is larger and more pyra-
midal. Stem feldom more than one inch high, feldom branched.

Dill.

Qn

CRYPTOGAMIA.

On hills, dry or wet. ^ ^ P. May, June,

y Li NN.-r— Leaves terrninating in hairs,

Happ. i. Polytr. 2.— Dill. 54. ^.—Valll 23. y.—Buxb. i. 62.3,
a barren plant.

Stems not more than half an inch long, limple, leaflefs below.
Leaves entire at the edges, ending in grey hairs. Fruit-Jialh
terminating,, about one inch lorjg. Weis.— Fniit-Jlalks half inch
an high, or a little more. Capfule with its veil, two lines long,
and one broad. Follich.— Leaves bent inwards a little, not fer-
rated, terminating fuddenly in a long whitilh hair, Fruit-Jlalks and
their fheathing empalement purple. Dill.

Dry woods and fandy barren heaths. Winter,

dwarf POLY 'TRICHUM fubrotun'dum. Stem fimple,
Capfule roundilh. Huds.

Mnium Pclytrichoides. Linn.

a Hedw.jlirp.l. 13.— Cart. ii. ij.—Dill. 55. 6.—H. ox. xv. 7,
rmv 2. 7.— Pet. muff. 22.—Valll. 26. 15, veil wanting.

rei7 open, larger than the capfule. Linn. — Leaves obfeurely fer-.
rated. Capfedes voundUh, nodding. He d wi g. — ftemlefs.
Leaves with a membranaceous 'appendage at the bafe. Neck.— ^
Leaves not ferrated. Fringe, rays 32 .

Polytrichum p'olytrichoides. Huns. 470. Pol. nanum. Hedwig.

Heaths. Muddy foil. [Spink’s Grove in a dry ditch. Mr.
Stone. [Commons about Kinver in large patches. With.]

P. May.

(3 Leaves evidently ferrated at the ends, Capfule cylindrical,
leaning. Heowig.

Hedw.Jlirp. i. i^.—Dill. 55. y.—Buxb. i. 63. i.—Vaill. 29. ii.

Stem near half an inch high, feldom branched. Fruk-Jlalhs
growing to the length of an inch, fixed rather below the top of the
ftem. Capfule cylindrical, upright, but leaning as it becomk older.
Veil larger than the capfule, irregular, very hairy. Barren foots ter-
minating in roles, hairy in the center. Weis. — Shoots proliferous
when old. Leaves feiTated. Capfule whitilh when ripe. Fringe,
rays 32. ^ Receptacle none. I fufpecl it to be merely a young variety •
ol Poly trichum urnigerum. Leeks.— Stem Ihort, fcarcely riling from
the ground. thickifh, fhort, ftilf. Fruit-falks veddUh. Veil

woolly, open at bottom. Capfules {cs. green, flioit, turgid. Dill.

Polytrichum nanum. Huns. 470. Pol. abides. Hedwig.

Heaths, h'luddy' loil. [Near Spink’s Grove. Brome, near
Bungay , Suflblk. Air. Stone. — Edgbafton Plantations. With.]

' P. Maichr— July.

POLY-

M U S C I. Polytrichum, 85

POLY'TRIC HU M /iercyn'/cum. Capfule upright, hercynian
pitcherrihaped. Veil with fcattered hairs, Hedw. Jiirp.
i. 40. Dick?.

Hedw. jiirp. i, 15.

Stem upright, undivided, an inch long. Imvcs ftrap-fhaped,

Jceeled, very entire, bowed in, alternate, nearly upright,^ pointed,
naked. Fniit-Jldk terminating, folitary, upright, an inch long.

Veil conical, pointed, pale. Capfule upright, oblong, or cylindrical,
the mouth between toothed and fringed. Lid^ conical, fomewhat
pointed. Hu Ds.— Mouth fringed with 32 fhort teeth, connefted at
thebafe. Hedwig.

Biyum incurvum. Huns.

Failures and rocks about Llanberrjs, Mr, Davies. In the High-
land mountains. Dicks. June— -061.

POLY 'TRIG HUM alpi'num. Stem very much alpine

branched. Fruit-ftalks terminating. —

Dill. 55. /j,.—-Hall. enum. 3. 6, at p. ipg, repr. in hijl. 46. 6, at in.
p. 56. — FI. Dan. 296.

Shoots from one half to two inches long ; very much branched.

Leaves (lightly toothed. Capfdes egg-lhaped, leaning when ripe.

Lid conical, beaked. MoiUh with a ring; fringe fine,' ftiort,
upright, white. Weber, — Capfules unequally diftended, green,
blackifh when old. Ud faffron-colour, its point white. Dill.

Mountainous heaths in the North of England, and mountains of
Wales and Scotland. P* June— Aug.

/3 Huns. — P.urnigerum, which fee.

POLY'TRICHUM urnig'erurn. Stem very much urn-headed
branched. Fruit-ftalks from the bofom of the leaves.

Dill. 55. s.—Vaill. 28. 13.— Eh dan. 297.

Capfides when ripe nodding. Linn. — When young the fhocts
^nbranched, and llellated at the ends, with terminating fruitftalks
■when older ; 2 or 3 inches high, with lateral branches, fomewhat
forked, riling to nearly an equal height. Fruit-Jlalks lateral, two
or three inches high. Empal. red, Capfule cylindrical egg-lhaped,
tawney, upright, leaning as it ripens. Lid yellow, beak white.

Mouth with a ring, and covered by a white membrane. Fringe,
rays 32. Receptacle none. Barren Jhoots unbranched, 2 inches high,
llellated at the ends. Leers. — Leaves tooth-ferrated. Capfdes cylin-
drical. Weber,

At the foot of Cader Idris. Dill. — Highland mountains and
Pentland Hills. Light r. F. June Aug.

MNI'UM,

H

e R Y P T O G A M I A.

1310. M N PU M. Marfhmofs^

Ess. Char._ Capfule xmtk a lid. Veil fmoothf Barrera
Flowers in a Jmall head, naked, powdery ^ at a diflanee
from the firtfle Floipers,

Ofmund MNI'UM ofmunda'ceum. Leaf {imple, upright, with
winged clefts, bearing fruit at the end. Wings in two
rows, fpear-lliaped, very entire. Dicks. I. 3.

' Hedw. Jlirp. i. 29. — Dicif. i.

Stems, or rather leaves, naked towards the bafe, half an inch long,
and of two kinds, barren and fertile,- but bofh naked at the baft.
Barren Stems with winged clefts, wings riblefs, ^united at the baft as
in OJmunda Spicant. Fertile Stems, fome ftarlike*, fome bearing cap-
fules, very flender and bright green. Leaves diftindl, egg-fpear-
ihaped, pointing from 2 oppofite lines. Fruit-Jlalks very flender,
green, i-8th of an inch long, from the end of the ftem, out of an
empal. reftmbling that of the barren flower, Capfule upright, very
fmall, roundifh, green, apd after ^h? falling off of the lid lopped.
Veil, none obftrvcd. Ud very blunt, reddifh. Fringe naked, Dicks.

’ — rdl falling off, entire. Hedwio,

Hollows in ditch banks under old hedges, in a rich foil on the road
from Zele to S. Tawton, 4 miles from Okehampton, Devonfhirc.
JVfr, Newberry in Dick/, March, April— June. B.

pellucid MNI'UM pellu'cidum. Stem fimple. Leaves egg-
Ihaped. —

Schmid. 3. — FI. dan. 300, a finale barren plant. — Hedw. kijl. ii.
7. 32,. a capfule.— Dill. ^1.2.— Hall. enum. 4. 8, at p. 118;
repr. in hift. 45. 8, at iil. p. 41, a fertile plant.— Vaill. 24. 7, a
fertile plant, leaves too much awl-Jhaped.

JJarre;i/>/anf, ftalk coloured, cylindrical. Z,c<roes fhining, expand-
ing, dn-fife p/a?2< bearing capfules ; leaves more flender. Neck, —
Shoots a-n inch long, leldom branched. Leaves in 4 rows ; mid-rib
purple, ending in a point, Iruit-Jlalks terminating, an inch long,
pellucid, vvhitilh. Cap/«/eicylindrical,yellowifh. FeiVverylong. Weis.
Woods. Moift ihady places, and decayed roots of trees.

A. Jan. — July.

B Huds.— Leaves exceedingly narrow, and pellucid.—/?, fyn.
p. 78. n. 5.

Dill. 3 1 . 2. £. p.

Heaths near Woolwich.

Mar. R. fyn.
MNI'UM

M TJ S C I. Mniunn 85

MNI'UM irarfr-gViiiim- Stem branched. Barren and upright
fertile flowefs on the lame plant.—

FL dan. 299, cop. in Happ^ ii. Mnium f^.—Hediv. Ujl. i. 6. 33
<036; llieor. 12. ^8, i^9> 5^’ — Did’ 3^' Vaill. 29* C* '

Mich. 59. 8-. FI, K, c.—Keck. melL i. 4, a head of barren
fowers. — H. o.r. xv. 7. row 2. 20.

Grows in denfe patches; better than half an inch high.

Fmpal. none. Fmitjlalks terminating. Pollich. — Very minute.

Leafts (hort, upright. Capfule leaning. Re yg.— Oblong. Scholl. ■

Barren fowers terminating, globular, on fruit-ftallcs only half the
length of thofe bearing capfules. With. — Fforh orte halt to
near 2 inches high, generally branched, nearly upright. Leaves not
crowded, (hort, very narrow, pale green, pointed. Dill.

Woods, heaths, and walls, and roots of trees in moift fandy
woods, dry thady banks by the Tides of heaths. A. March, April.

MNI'UM fonta'num. Stem undivided; crooked at fountain
the joints.

Dill. 44. 2. — Vail. 24. 10. — FI. dan. 298, cop. with additions in
Happ. iii. 7.— H. ox. xv. 6. row 3. 8.— Mick. 59. ^.—Plu/a
47. 2.

Bryum fantanum. Hudf;

The old (hoots covered with brown knap, and buried 3 inches
deep. From thefe proceed flender, cylindrical (hoots, fome of which '
end in ftars. Fruit-ftalks 2 inches long ; proceeding from the (hoots
of the preceding year. Neck. — Readily known by its ftiff habit-
Shoots 2 to 4 inches long. Fruit-Jlalki rdddilli. Weis .' — Capfules egg-
(haped; leaning. Leaves feirated, open, in the youn^

(hoots moftly pointing one way. In this fpecies and alfo in the
Mnium palufre, the fertile and barren (hoots adhere fo clofely at
bottom as to appear but one plant. Leers.

[Low wet meadows, turf bogs, and fprings, Earlham. Near
Bungay, SulFolk. Mr. Stone.] P. May— Auguft.

MNI'UM paluf'tre. Stem forked. Leaves awl- common
lhaped.

Dill. 31. 2,.— Vaill. 24. i.—H. ox. xv. 6. row 3. 9.

Stems upright, Fruit-ftalks yellow, Reyg.— often 2 inches long,

Relh. — from the forks of the (fern. Neck. — Crowded, Stems up-
right, 2 to 5 inches high ; moRly 2, fometimes with 3 divilions.

Leaves (lender, foft, pellucid, keeled, yellow green, yellow when
drY'. Dill. — Stems 2 01 ^ incl.es high, branching towards the top
into 2, 3, or 4 Ihooti. Leaves lower ones downy. Summit-leaves flat,
large, forming ftars, in which arc the barren flowers. Fruit-ftalks

from

8S

C R Y P T O G A M I A.

from the tops of the laft year’s fhoots, which now likewife fupport
nevvfhoots. Capfuies leaning. With.

Turf bogs and wet heaths, marfhes and moors. [Near Bungay,
Suffolk. Mr.SrdNE.] P. June, July.

/3. Stem branched, upright. Fertile fruit-ftalks from the bofom
of the leaves. Huns.

/)///. 31.4.

Stem fometimes fimple. Dill. 2^6.— Fertile Flowers not difcovered.
Bill, in R.fyn. 78. n. 3.— Snialler than the preceding. Fmit-Jlalks
from the bofom of the leaves, numerous, not terminating in cap-
fulcs, but in fmall globular heads containing duft. Seems to be the
cfe-bearing or barren plant. With.

M. ramoJuMi Hudf* ed. i. 403.

yellow MNl'l] M hygromet'ricum. Without a ftem. Capfule
nodding. Veil 4-edged, bent back. — -

Dill. 52. 75. — Hedw. kijl. i. 5. 21 to 26; ii. 10. 58 to 61, parts
offruaijicalion ; 3. 1 1 ,• 5. 25, 26,- 6. 27, feedling plants.— VaUl.
26. 16.— H. ox. XV. 7. ly.—Happ. i. Mjiium 2.—FuchJ. 629. 2,
cop. in Frag. 528. 2, J. B. iii. 760. 2, Lon. i. 222. 4, and body
475. I, zohich repr. in Ger. em. 1559. 4, the middlemojl of the 3
loiver figures; and cop. in Park. 1052, the left hand of the 2 upper
figures.— FI. dan. 648.— Ger. 1371; 4.

Ca/>/u/eturban-fhaped. Lecrriei egg-fhaped, approaching. Huns. —
Forming tufts. Empal. bulbofe. Fruil-fialks bent by the weight of
the capfuies. Neck. — Forming extenfive patches. Stem one or two
inches high, but moftly buried in the earth. Friiit-fialk a full inch
long, purple below, paler above. Capfule pear-fhaped, gold-coloured.
Fei7 bent afide. fcarlet. Seed yellow. WEis.-^Fed 4-comered.
Leaves hairy at the end. Scop. — This Mofs may be found in De-
cember, very fmall, dofe to the ground, the leaves very fine, from
the middle of which projeds the young fruit-ftalk like the point of a
pin. In January the 4-fided veil appears, of a ftraw-colour ; in
February and !March the capfuies are formed, which ripen in April

and May. Leaves tender, pellucid, without veinsv Roots blackf
hair-like. Dill.

Bryum hygromelricum. FI u d s .

Common in woods, heaths, garden walks, walls, old trees, de-
cayed woodj and where coals or cinders have been laid-

Tf t r • n ,1 - A. March — ^Junc.

^ If the friut-ualk is moifTened at the bafe with a little water or

fteam, the head makes 3 or 4 revolutions; if the head ismoiflened
It turns back again. Linn.

M N I ' U M

8/

M U S C I. Mniuffl.

M N I ' U M purpu'reum. Stem forked. Capfules purple
upright. Fruit-ftulks from the forks of the ftem. Leaves
keeled. —

Dill. 49. Si.—Hedxdg. hifl. li. 4. 17, a lid.—H. ox. xv. 6. row
4. 4, fome of the frttit-Jlalks terminate the branches.

Grows in very denfe patches. Stem upright, moftly forked, and
thefe (hoots fometimes dividing again. Leaves fpear-awl-fhaped, in
fome (hoots forming terminating ftars. Fndt-Jlalks zn inch high, af
(irft upright, afterwards a little leaning. Lid conical, pointed,
fcarlet. Fci7 upright afterwards oblique. .We is.

Bryum purpureum. Hudson and Lightfoot.

Walls, heaths, rocks, and gravelly banks and paftures. April.

^ Huds. — Leaves few and narrow.

^ Dill. 48. 49.

. At firfl: flender, not branched, fruit-flalks terminating; when
older becoming branched, and fruit-flalks from the forks of the
branches; reddilh, (hort, flender. Dill.

Loofe fandy foil ; gravelly paftures. March.

y Huds. — Leaves lefs rigid ; fpear-fhaped.

Dill. 49. 52.

ending in hair-like points. Ca/j/idz finely pointed. Dill. '

On Emott Moor on the borders of Lancalh. and Shobdon Marflr,
Herefordlhire. June.

M N I ' U M cirrha'tum. Leaves rolling back^ in Jlarry
. drying. —

Dill. 48. 42. — Vaill. 24. 8. — 11. dan. 538. 4. — (H. ox. xv. 7. 19,
is Bryum fmplex.J

Shoots branched, the young ones with ftars at the end, the older
! with fruit-ftalks at the forks. Leaues ftrap-(haped. Neck. — Capfides
upright, egg-fhaped. Bryum cirrhatum. Huds. — Grows in large denfe
patches. In many refpedls rcfembling the Bryum convoiutum, but
iit is more branched, the branches more expanded, the leaves longer,
mot prclTed to when dry, but rolled back. Fruit-flalks fronfi one half
Jto one inch,, the young ones terminating, the older from the fork.?
tof the branches. Lid reddilh, pointed, very flender, readily fall-
iing off. Mouth with a fhort fringe. Weis.

Woods, mountainous heaths,' walls, and hedge banks.

P, March — Julyj

S Huds. — Fruit-ftalks and Capfules numerous and ftiort..

Dill. 48. 41 .

Snowdon. Aut. Dill.

Bryum cirrhatum 0 Huds.

./ Huds. — Leaves much fmaller than in 0. R.J)'n. 98. n. 34,

Bryum cirrhatum, Huds. v

^ MNI'UM

88 CRYPTOGAMIA;

long-leaved MN.I'tJM anno'tinum. Leaves egg-0iaped, tapering
to a poirit j tnnfparent; Fruit-ftalks from near the root;
Capfules pendant. —

pill. 50. 68.

Fruit bearing Jhoots ftralght, brittle. alternate; Neck. —

Stem an inch high, fiinple, or branched almoft from the bottom.
Leafts very entire. Fruit-Jitdks an inch high, purple. Stellated Ihoots
with broader leaves. Weis. — • Bulbs folitary, in the bofom of the
leaves, fitting, pellucid, roundilh; Leers. — The plant turns browri
when foakcd in water. Dill;

Bryum annotinum. Hudf.

Woods and moift fhady places;

P. March, April. HubL^— Summer. Dill.

j'wan's neck Iwr^nuthi Gapfules pendant. Fruit-ftalks

bowed. Shoots fimple; Leaves rough at the edge. — ^
Hedw. Theor. n. Q5i—Hijl. ii< 5. 22,23; 3* 4- io, parts

of fruttijication. — Dill. 51. Ji .—^Mick.gg:2.—Cutt. i. S.—Vaill.
24. 4. and 5. — H. ox. xv. 6. raw the I'af, 3 and 4, reprejent it ad
it fometimes appears before it produces capfides. — (Vaill. 26. 12,
is M. crudum.)

Stellated flioots-fimple. Capfule- bearing fhoots much branchedi
Neck. — finely ferrated. Huns. — Fruit-ftalks terminating.
Neck. — Grows in broad patches. Length four or five inches, one
half beneath the furface. ShOots ari inch long, or Wore, red ; leaves
yellow green, pellucid. Fruit-Jlalks to two inches long, red, upright;
but bending at top like the neck of a fwan. Veil crooked. IJd white.
W’^Eis. — Veil deciduous.

Bryum homum. Hudf. Curt. Weber;

Woods; moift lhady and boggy places. P. Feb. — May.

capillary M N I ' U M capllla're. Capfules pendant; Leaves
egg-lhaped; keeled; with briftles at the ends, Fruit-
ftalks very long. —

Dill. 50. 67. — H. ox. XV. 6. row 5. 19. — Vailh 24. 6. — Buxb. 1.
63. 4, and ii. 4. 3, if meant for the plant are very ill done,

ShootSj at the ends of fome a very fmall brown ftar. Very
nearly allied to Brymm ceefpiticium. Linn. — Shoots crowded. Fruit-
Jlalks 6 or 7 lines long. Stellated Ihoots ftemlefs. Capfule bearing
Ihoots from half to one inch long. Leaves open in a moift,
prefted to, in a dry fituation. Its fitting Ihoots, and expanding
upper leaves, diftlnguifti it from the B. cafpilidum, though it Ihould
not be In fruit. Neck. — Differs from Bryum ceefpiticium in its

greater

M U S C I. Mniuin.

89

greater fize, the Jids of its -capfulcs being lharp-pointed, and its
leaves not fhining. ■ '<

Mudwalls and heaths.

MNI'UM cru'dum. Capfules pendant* Veils fpear-Jeaved
bowed back. Leaves tranfparent.—''

Hedw.Jiirp. i. 37. — Dz'/h 51. 70.— 26. 12.

Leaves green, almoft filky. Fruit-Jlalks long, red. Linn. — Half
an inch high ; not branched. Leaves, upper ones thrice as long as
the lower, crowded, upright but open. Capfules upright, then pen-
dant, and laftly upright again. Veil turning up when the capfule
hangs down. Lid hemifpherical, beak fhort, ftellated plants not
fo tall. A powdery brown fubftance in the -centre of the liar.

Leers. — Fertile Jlem ^ an Inch Barren Jlem an inch high,
or more. Leaves, the upper ones a little tooth'ed towards the
ends. Capfule bent horizontally. Mouth, outer fringe of 1 6 teeth.

Hedwig — from the ends of the young fhoots; pale red.

Dill.

Bryum crudum. Huns.

Fens in Cambridgelhire. Dill. — Woods about Rydall, Well-
moreland. Huns. P. March— June.

MNI'UM fiyrifor'm?. Capfules pendant ; iuThm- golden
fliaped. Fruit-ftalk thread-lhaped. Fertile flmvers brijlly.

Linn. — Leaves briftle-fliaped. Huds.

Dill. 50. 60. — Hedw.Jiirp. 1.3; Mft. i. 3. 12.-— Flail, enum. 4, 7,
atp. 1 18, repT. in lift. 45; 7, at iii; p. 41.

In this and in the M. cnulum, the Hem is half as long as the fruit-
ftalk. Beautifully Ihining. Leauesoi a greenifh golden hue. Linn.

— Forming a firm turf. Diftinguifhable by its long {lender leaves.

Fridt-ftalks an inch or more in length, terminating, purple, fhining,
i filling from a brownilh green fence. Stellated Ihoots with longer
leaves. Weis. — Fruit ftalks ferpentine, pale red to golderl yellow.

Capfules pear-lhaped, green, changing to yellow red. Dill.

Bryum aureum. Huds.

Rocks in Nottingham Park. [Benvyn Mountain, in the road
between Bala and Llangunnry, and on Snowdon. Mr. Wood.]

■ , P. March — June, [and July. Mr. Wood.]

MNI'UM ferpylljfo'Iium. Fruit-ftalks incorporated, thyme-leaved
Leavi^' -exparlding ; tranfparent.—

ct'puHcIatum.' Fruit-ftalks incorporated. Leaves very entire; in-
vcrfcl'y egg-fhaped ; blunt ; dotted.

Vol. III.

G

He.lw.

9°

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Hedw. Uft. 1. 10. 66 to 6g. — Dill. 53. 81. — Happ. il. /^.-^Vaill. 26.
5. — Pluk. 45. 7, no fruit. — H. ox. xv. 6. 39, and 40, tio fruit,
and the leaves too oblong.

It varies in the fruit-ftalks being folitary or incorporated, and
alfo in the fertile fhoots being upright, and the barren {hoots creep-
ing. WiLLDENow." — Fridt-falks long, reddifh. Capfules nodding.
Reyg. — Frvit-Jlalks ^ or 4 together. Neck. — Grows in large patches.
Stem fimple. Leafts with a fcarlet rib, cartilaginous and purple at
the edges. Fruit-Jlalks terminating, generally Angle, fometimes 3 or
4 together ; one to two inches high ; thicker downwards. Capfules
nodding, egg-fhaped. Seeds greenilh. Shoots without capfules, end-
ing in rofes. Weis. — Leai/e5 pellucid, fmooth, pale green, frait-
Jlalks one to three on a plant. Dill.

Watery places. P. April.

/3 Huns. — ^Leaves longer, more pellucid.

Dill. 53, 80.

Leaves longer and blunter than B of Linnaeus. Capfules not fo
pendulous. Liifpit-pointed. frw't-Tla/Ai three to five on a plant. Dill.

In bogs in the Weft Riding of Yorklhire.

Capfules half ripe in Spring. Dill,

(3 cufpidatum. Fruit-ftalks incorporated. Leaves alternate, pointed,
ferrated.

Dill. 53. 'pq.-^Vaill. 26. 18. — Happ. ii. 6.

Frtdt-Jlalks terminating, on fhoots little branched. Otlier fhoots
ftellated; others proliferous, with ferrated leaves. Neck. — Leaves
longer than in (a.) fharply ferrated, mid-rib pale-green, ending in a
fharp point. Weis. — Shoots trailing or upright, branched at the
ends. folitary or incorporated. Willdenow.

B, ferpyllifolium cufpidatum. Huns.

Woods, moift heaths, fhady places, and in bogs on heaths and
meadows. p. April.

7 prolifenm. Fruit-ftalks incorporated. Leaves fpear-fhaped ;
pointed; difpofed in form of a rofe.

Dill. 52. yy.—rBuxb. ii. i. 3.

Very elegant in form, fhrub-like. Stem naked at bottom, foliage
from one center at the top. Leaves from three to fix lines long,
and two broad. Other fhoots often rife from this foliage. Some
of thefe are barren rofes, but others fend out fruit-ftalks, one or two
inches long, bearing pale orange capfules. Veils not obferved.
Weis . — Barren fhoots not creeping. Willdenow.

Bryum ferpyllifolium proliferum. H u d s .

Wet places in woods and heaths near Bifhop s Caftle. Dill.
— [Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.] Winter.

^ undulaium .

QT

M U S C t. Bryum.

^ mdulatim. Fruit-iftalks incorporated. Leaves oblong; ^Vavfed.

Dill. 52. 76. — Vaill. 24. 3. — Mich. .59. ^.—Toum. 326. E. — Feb
gaz. 95. 16. — H. ox. XV. 6, row ikelajl, i.—JVeck meth. f. 6. at
/). 273, a Jiar-like head.

it. Jerpyllifolium undulatum. Hudf. — Fertile and barren plants dif-
tin(ft. — All the fhoots uprightj and branched. Neck. — ^The largeft
and moft beautiful of the Mniums.

Root creeping horizontally, fending out rcddifh fhoots from one
to four inches high* which often branch out like a Ibrub. Fniit-jialks
terminating, three or four together. Capfules green. Lid blunt.
Veil pale brown. Ring fringed. Barren flowers lurrounded by
ftrap-fhaped leafits, in the centre of fhoots ending in rofes. Weis.

Moift fhady woods about the foots of trees, and hedges. P. ApriL

£ Huds. 492. — Capfules and fmit-ftalks very long;

Dill. 52. 78. — Btixb. i. 63. ^?-^(Lob. ic. ii. 243. i, repr. in Gen
etn. 1563. 14, and cop. in Park. 1308. gj appears to be rather
Pblyti ichum commune 0. j

Fruit-Jlalks reddifh. Capjules pendant. Lid blunt; Leaves pel-*
lucid, ending in hairs. Foot woolly, ochrey. Dill.

Wet plages in woods and heaths.

Some efteem thefe varieties to be diftindl fpecies, on which
account they are fo difpofed that they who think fo^ may readily
refer to them as fuch. Linn.

1311. B R Y'U M. Threadrflofs.

Ess. Char. Capfule with a VuU Veil fnooth. Fruil-
Jlalk rijingfrom a tubercle at the end of the Jleiiu

* Capjulesftting.

BR'V'UM apocar'pum. Capfules fitting, at the ends
•f the branches. Veil very ftnall. — "

Vaill. 27. 15. — Fledw. jlirp. 1. 30.— DiVh 32. 4.— F/. tfan. 480,
vaguely cop. in H&pp. iii. 2 ; the entire plants more like variety 0.

Shoots forming tufts ; about an inch long, Capjule, lid pointed,
elegantly coloured. Mouth fringed. Fringe very red. Neck, —

6'^oot5 one to two inches high; fomewhat branched. Leaves at the
ends of the fnoots and branches, paler, longer, hairy at the end ;
from amongft thefe rife up fridl-Jlalks, very fhort, purple, with a yel-
low tubercle. Capfules oblong, fmooth, green, changing to a ^'ellow.

Momh purple, open, elegantly fringed. Lid fcailet. Veil pale
vellow, deciduous. 'The Fruit-llalks are fo envelop, ed by the leaves

G 2 uf

92

CRYPTOGAMIA.

at the extremity of the fhoots, that neither they nor the capfules can
be diftindlly feen, but the fcarlet lid ftrikes the eye. Weis.

Rocks, ftones and trees, [Walls and roofs of houfes in Bungay,
Suffolk. Mr. St ONE.]' Nov. — April.

^ Shoots longer and more branched, leafits ending in hairs.

Hedw, Jlirp. i. 40. — Dill. 32. 5, JB as when dry, A as when moijlened.

-^Vaill. 27. 18, as when moijlened.

In fpreading tufts like the preceding, but the fteras are longer,
more branched, more leafy. Leaves broader, terminating hairs
longer thati in a ; dilute green in winter^ hoary in fpring. The
ends of the branches often hooked, which never happens in the pre-
ceding variety. Capfules inclofed in leafy fcales, green ; the young
ones at the ends, the old ones at the fides of the branches. Dill.

Rocks and trees. Weft Riding of Yorkfhire. Grey Weathers
near Marlborough. Hills about Bifhop’s Caftle. Dill. — Rocks on
the Highland mountains. Lightf. St. Nov. — ^Jan.

[Upon ftones, on hills about Stayley Bridge, near Manchefter.
April. Mr. Bradbury,]

/cored B R Y ' U M Jlr'ia'tum. Capfilles nearly fitting, fcat-
tered. Veils fcored, or with hairs pointing upwards. —

Obs. Nearly allied to the Polytrighums, but wants the excre-
fcence below the capfule. Linn.

Poly trichum Jlriatum. Hudf. 471. Lightf. 704.

Trees and rocks. Feb. — May.

a Fruit-ftalks very fiiort ; lateral or terminating; leaves turned
back at the edge, and gnawed at the ends.

Hedw. Jlirp.ii. ^6,hift.i.8. to 54; ii. 7. 36. — Neck. meth.

1.2, at p. 273, a capfule magnified. — Dill. 55. 8.— II. dan.

537. 3. — Vaill. 25. 5 and 6.

Shoots 1 inch high, branched. Capfules lateral. Mouth nearly
fmooth, without a ring. Neck.-^ — Branched; 2 or 3 inches high.
Leaves as if gnawed at the ends. Florets of both forts on the fame or
» on diftindl plants. Fruit-flcdks very fhort, fheathed at the bafe.
Capfule egg-fhaped. Lid fmall, beak blunt. Fringe double, 1 6 teeth
in each. Is found both in flower and in fruit almoft all the year.
Hedwig.

In woods on trees. The veils appear in winter, and the capfules
in Feb. March, and April. Dill. p,

/3 Smaller than (a)

Hedw. Jlirp. 2. 37, hifl. ii. 7. 35.— Di7/. 55. 9.— pbi//. 27. 10.

— H. ox. XV. 6, row the lajl, 13.

Stems from i inch to 2 inches ; branched. Fruit-flalks lateral or
terminating, 2 or 3 lines long. Capfules, mouth fringed ; lid

yellow.

93

M U S C I. Bryum.

ycllaw. Veil fcored; rough with a few ftiif hairs pointing up-
wards, which fall off with age. WEis.-r-Plant fmaller than the
preceding; leaves fmaller, darker green; veil paler and more
diftiruflly toothed at the bafe. Dill.

On trees, ftones, and walls, and on the ground.

Feb.r— April. Dill.

y Leaves fhort, flraight, keeled.

Dill. 55. 10.

Differs from ($) in having leaves more flender and more pointed.

Capfule more pear-fhaped, and green, and its veil more haiiy\

Weis. — Grows in tufts. Stem about an inch high, fomewhat
branched. Leaves numerous, ftraight, keeled, pellucid when wet,
opake and darker green when dry. Fmit-Jlalks very fhort, thick at
the bottom. Feif brown, hairy, ftriated. Dill.

Rocks near Bangor. Dill.— [On ftones on the fide of a river 1
which are wafhed by the water in high floods, Mr. Griffith.]

Autumn.

Capjules on Frmt-flalks ; upright.

BRY'UM acicula're. Capfules upright. Lid needle- mountain
fhaped. Leaves upright, moftly pointing one way. —

cc Stems and leaves upright. Huns.

Dill. 46. 25.

One or i§ inch high. Branches upright. Leaves crowded.

Tndt-ftalks near an inch high, dark red, on the ends of the younger
branches. Dill.

On ftones thinly covered with mould near Llanberris, Caemar-
vonfhire, and in the Weft Riding of Yorkfhire. Dill. — In the
Highlands and Lowlands frequent. Lightf. St. P. May — 061.

Stems trailing. Leaves fomewhat open. Huns.

FI. dan. 1001. I. — Dill. 46. 26. — Hall. it. here, in opufe. p. 152./.

I . and 2. Bryum, &c. All the fruil-ftalks reprejented as terminat-
iag. — Vaill. 27. 16. — Pet. muj. cent. i. t. i./. ■ 74, cop. in H. ox.

XV. 5. row 4. 29, reprefeiiting it as dry, and the two left hand
capfules reprefented as bowed down from an accident in the fpecimen
from which the drawing was made.

Shoots branched, floating in the water or refting on ftones. Leaves
brown green. Fruit-Jlalks fhort and blackifh. Capfules oblong,
ftraight, dark green. Fei7 black. Dill.

On large ftones that lie in the rivulets in the moors of the Peak of
Derbyfhire. Pet. and in the mountain torrents near Llanberris,
Caernarv’onfhire. Dill. — [North Wales. Mr. Griffith.]

P. Aug.

BRY'UM.

94

C R Y P T O G A M I A.

pointed B R Y ' U M acu'tum. Capfules upright, rouixlifli.
Leaves briftle-fhaped, upright. Shoots branched, pointed.
Huds.

Slender, i inch high, branches 2 or 3, fometimes more. Leaves-
dark green, hairy, fharp-pointed. Truk-ftalks fliort, when young,
terminating. Feil brownilh. Cfl/5/afofhort, rouiidi£h. Dii,l.

Snowdon, and mountains about Llanberris. Dill. — On Ben
Lomond, and tides of Highland mountains. Lightf.

Aug. — :May. Dr lx. — Odt. — ^June. LiGH;rf.

cpnferva-like B B Y ' U M ajli'vum. Capfules upright, ro.nndifii }
from the bofom of the branches. Leaves awl-Riaped;
diftant. —

Dill. 47. ^6.— (Hall 45. I, atii.p. 41, isB. capillaceum.J

B. (ejlivum. Hudf. is B. capillaceum, which fee.

Stems I to 3 inches high; upright. Branches^ or 4, or more, all of
a length ; thefe again fometimes divide into other equal branches..
Leaves very fhort. Fruit-Jldb ^ to 1 inch. Caf/a/es cylindrical.
Mojith hairy when magnified. Ne c k.— Growing in bundles. Leaves
few, alternate. When dry the plant prefer\-es its beautiful bluifh
green colour. Dill. .

Marfliy places. Richardson m Dill. 375.

bearded BRY'UM harha'tum, Capfules upright, oblong,
bearded. Lid taper-pointed, oblique. Fruit-fralks lateral.
Curt.

Curt. iv. 46. — Dill. 48. 40.

Grows in turts, an inch high, fomewhat branched. Leaves
fpear-fhaped, pointed. Fruit-Jlcdks f inch or more from th,e bafe or
the middle of the branch, but never terminating. Capjules Bender.
i^eil long. Lid long, Bender, conical. Fringe orangc-coloyred, or
fcarlet, twiBed like a fcrew. Curtis. — The 45th pi. of Dill, is
, referred to by miBake in the obfervations of Mr. Curtis. — Branches

of equal thicknefs, fent off from the lower part of the plant. Dill.

'Valls. p. Dec.— Feb.

fie'in B R Y U M hlpartl' turn Capfules upright, fomewhat
flinting, finely toothed. Shoots cloven. "Leaves fpear-
ihaped, pointed, keeled, between tiled and open. Dicks.
ii. 7.

Dill. 49, 50.

Branches and Fruit-flnlks in pairs. Capfules oblong, browniBi. Lid
/liorp l ei/Bcnder, pointed. Leamnarrow, keeled, dark green. Dill,

Hedges

95

M U S C I. Bryum.

Hcdecs in gardens, walls and ditch banks, common.

Feb. March.

BRY'UM brevifo'lium. Capfules upright, ohlong, Jhort leaved
tapering, imperfe6lly fringed. Leaves crowded, ftrap-
fhaped, keeled. Dicks, ii. 4.

Dill. 47. 39.

Slender, but little branched. Leaves dark green, very narrow and
{hort. Frvil-Jldks terminating tlie new fhoots, ftiort. Capfules
oblong, fmall, dark brown. Dill.

In bogs.

BRY'UM calca'reum. Without a ftem, Capfules calcarious
upright, inverfely conical, toothed. Leaves upright,
cylindrical, bluntilh. Dicks, ii. 3.

DicliJ. 4. 3.

A dwarfilh plant, fmaller than B. paludofuiUf but the capfules
fufEciently large and confpicuoUs. Lid conical, with a beak fome-
whatflanting. FetV flender, flanting. Dicks.

On limeftone rocks near Newmarket Heath.

BRY'UM canef'cens. Stem upright. Leaves crowded, grey-leaved
bent back, white at the ends, Capfules upright, egg^
lhaped. Hedwig.

Hedw.Jlirp. iii. ^.—Vaill. 26. i/yr—Dill. 47* 27.

Stm upright when young, afterwards declining, and fending out
a few branches of various lengths, Leaves fpear-fhaped, keeled,
prelTed to when dry. Fruit-Jlalk ftraight, i of an inch in height.

Capjule oblong-egg-lhaped. Lid a {lender cone. Mouth fringed with
1 6 long hair-like teeth, divided down to the bafe. Veil {lender, long,
ragged at bottom. Hedwig. — Fruit-Jlalks lateral. Ibid. — ^Termi-
nating. Neck. Weis. — Probably as in the cafe of many other
fpecics, from the ends of the old Items, 'and from the fides of the
young branches.

Bryum hypnoides Fl.fuec,

Trichollomum canefcens. Hedw. ftirp. iii. p. 5. Differs froir^
the B. hypnoides in its upright Item, its leaves being very {lightly
ferrated only at the ends, and in its longer fruit-ftalk. Hedwig.

"When moift and growing, yellowilh green, when dry woolly, from
the number of hairs which terminate the leaves. Dill.

Common in dry, high, barren, fandy places. — Blackheath,

Woolwich, Haropllead, Enfield Chace, and Dartford heath. Dill.

Feb. — March. P.

BRY'U^^

g6

CRYPTOGAMIA.

capillary B R Y ' U M cafilla'ceum, Capfules upright, oblong.
Fruit-ftalks terminating. Leaves briftle-fhaped, open,
running down the ftem. Dicks. 4.

Hediv.Jlirp. ii. 26.— FI. dan. 1000, i, — Dickf. i.6.—-Hall. mum.

4. i, at p. 1 18, repr. in hijl. 45. i, ii. p. 41.

Capfules oblong. Leaues expanding, brifUe-lhaped. Stems thread-
fhaped. Hods.— Differs from B. heteromallum in its open leaves, and
the ffiape of its capfules ; and from B. fexuojum in its fruit-ftalks
flender, quite ftraight, and not zigzag, and in the fmallnefs of its
capfules. Dicks. — undivided, upright, •§ an inch high. Leaves
in 2 rows, alternate. Barren and fertile flowers together, terminat-
ing. Fndt-Jlalks ^ to i inch long. opening at the fide. Capfules

cylindrical. fiiiZ Ihort, conical. iWoutA, fringe fingle, teeth in pairs.
Hedwig.

B. aflivum. Huds. 485.

On rocks, and moift mountainous fituations. On Ingleborough
plentifully. Huds. — ^About Llanberris. Mr. Davies.- — Marfhy
places in mountainous fituations. Dicks.— [On the rocks above
Cwm Ffynnonfelen, near Llanberris abundantly, Mr. Griffith.
— Spink’s Grove, Brome, near Bungay. Mr. Stone.]

P. April — June.

convoluted BRY'UM convolu’tum. Capfules upright, obloncr,
bearded. Leaves fpear-fhaped. Empalement cylindric^.
Dicks, ii. 6.

Hedw.jlirp. i. 32. Dill. 48. 44. — (JJ. ox. xv. 6. row^. 12, as Dill.

, veryjujlly obferves, is more like B. pulvinalum, or rather perhaps B.

rurale. )

^ Grows in denfe tufts, f an inch or more in height; branches iffu-
mg out ofthe thickened tops of the old fhoots, which are ftellated
T Ik ^ loolely difpofed, ending in hairs. Fruit-

horn the laftyear’s lhoots, i inch long, encompafled at the
bale by a fence of awl-fhaped hairy leaves. Weis.— Sometimes with
forked branches. leoi/er very flender, hardly i of a line broad at
the bale, very entire. Empal. terminating, embracing clofely the
bale of the fi-uit-ftalk. Capfule cylindrical, a line long, hardly i as
broad. without a ring; fringe red. LiiZ flender, uprjght,

awl-fhaped. Veil pointed, fmooth, thread-lhaped, reaching but Lif
way, PoLLicH.— Inner Fence leaves heart-fhaped, blunt.

B. fetacem. ^udf 481 Lightf. J^^.—fMniumfetaceum of Linn, is

Yt r briftle-fhaped leaves.) Dicks.

Heaths, ditch banks, hedges and walls very common. A. March.

BRY UM

97

M U S C I. Bryum.

BRY'UM crif’pum. Leaves ftrap-fhaped, broadefl; at
the bafe, crowded, crifped when dry, Capfules egg-
fhaped. Fruit-ftalks thicker upwards. (Hedwig.)

Hedw. Jlirp. ii. ^5— Dill. 55. ii.— JFfef. muf. f. 25.— Foz'W. 27. g.
In denfe tufts, fo clofe, that the under parts decay. About i inch
high, branched. Barren flowers in the bofom of the leaves. Sheath
fcarlet. Fnat-Jlalks ternimsting, fliort, ftraightilh, thickening at
the top fo as to coincide with tlie pear-lhaped Capfule. Capfule
from the above circumftance appearing pear-fhaped, but it is really
globular-egg-ftiaped. Lid with a ftraight Ihort beak. Ring none,
fmg-e double, 16 teeth in each. Veil pyramidal, hairy, Hedwig.

^ Bryum Jlriatum. Linn. Syft. pi.

Orthotrichum aifpum. Hedw. ftirp. ii. 96.

Tmnks of trees. — Woods near Southgate in Middlefex. [Not
common. Near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.] Flowers in fpring.
Capfules ripe in May or June. P.

BRY'UM curvirof'trum. Capfules upright, oblong,
finely toothed. The beak of the lid (lightly bowed bacL
Leaves fpear-fhaped, open. Dicks, ii. 7.

Hedw. Jlirp. i. 7. — Dill. 48. 45.

The trivial name bad, for it does not always retain that character.
Major Velley. — S/m upright, not branched, about -I inch high.
Fruit-Jlalk upright, generally terminating the old ftem. Veil long, co-
nical, crooked. Ud convex, beak ftraight whilft under the veil, after-
wards crooked, but In a direeftion oppofite to the bend of the veil.
Hedwig. — Stem fometimes branched, (fee jig. Dill.) Leaves very
{lender, keeled, upper ones the longeft. Fruit-Jlalks red, ^ an inch
high, or better. Capfules znA Lid red. Dill.

Woods in dryifh places. — Sandy ftony places, interwoven with
the grafs. _ P. Aug.

BRY'UM dealbdtum. Capfules upright, roundifli,
fomewhat bowed in, toothed and fringed. Leaves fpear-
fhaped, pointed, expanding. Dicks, ii. 8.

Dichf. 5. 3. a. b. c.

Habit that of B. trichodes, from which It differs as follows. Leaves
fpear-fhaped, moftly pale, under the microfeope reticulated, pellu-
cid, finely but obfeurely ferrated at the end. Lid, beak fhort.
Dicks.

Mountains In Scotland ; on Ben Lawyers.

BRY'UM ericeto'ntm. Capfules upright, egg-
oblong, with a fringed ring. Leaves llrap-fpear-lhaped,
twilled when dry. Dicks, ii, 5.

Dill.

heath

crooked beak*
ed

crifped

whUened

98

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Dill. 45. 13.

Leaves pellucid, not hairy, keeled, ftanding out, dull green.
Capfules flender, nearly cylindrical. Fruit-Jlalks pale brown, ^ an
inch long. Feil and deciduous. Dill.

Turfy heaths, Scotland.

fxtinguljker BRY'UM extin&o'rium. Capfule upright ; oblong;
fmaller than the veil. Veil loofe, equal at the bafe. —
Hedw.Jlirp. i. 18 ; kijt. ii. 4. ig; theor. 8. g to g. — Dill. ^5. 8.
— Vaill. 26. I. — H. ox. XV. 7. row i. 12, only the fruit, the Jlems
being thofe of another fpecies. See R.fyn. 93. — Pet. muff. 8g,
veiy imperfeSf.

Veil wide at bottom. Fruit-Jlalks terminating. Capfule, mouth
not fringed. Neck. — Grows thick together in patches, from -I to i
inch high ; fometimes a little branched towards the top ; very leafy-,

I ending in rofes. Fruit-Jlalks not ^ an inch long, upright. Capfules
cylindrical. Lid fliarp-pointed. Veil large, and hanging down
below the capfule. — The veil covering the whole capfule and hang-
ing down below it, diftinguilhes this from every other Mofs.
PoLLicH. Dill.

Grafly places in a fandy foil, dry heaths, and rocks. [CalHe
walls, Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.] P. Od.— Aug.

(3 Veil cut at the bafe.

Hedw.fiirp. i. rg ; theor. g. 10 fo 14, the fru&if cation ; hijl. ii. 5.
24. a, the feeds. — FI. dan. rooi. 2. — Dill. 45. g.

Whole plant larger and more branched. — Capjule, mouth fringed.
Kei/cut atthe bafe into 6 fegments; grey, bent inwards. Linn.
fuec. n. ggo. — Leaves retaining their green colour when dry.

Rocks about Ludlow Caftle. Ripens its capfules in fummer, the
preceding variety in winter. Dill.

Early in the fpring to July. P.

yehoitlifh BRY'UM fiavef'cens. Scop, n, 1305? Capfules
upright, cylindrical fringed. Shoots moftly fimple»
Leaves fpear-flnip-fliaped, keeled. Dicks, ii. 4.

Dic'kf. 5. a. b. — Scop. 62. 1305, at ii.p. 321.

Shoots nearly upright. Leaves between upright and open, yellow-
ifh, the points when dry twifted. Dicks. — Grows in broad patches.
Leaves 2 lines long, i-gdof a line broad. Fruit-Jlalks i inch long,
faffron-coloured. Capjule llender, long. Veil red at the top, near 3
lines long. Scop.

Bogs in the HigKhnds,

BRY UM

99

M U S C I. Bryum.

BRYjUM Jlexuo'Jum. Capfules upright. Leaves feft
briftle-lli^d. Fruit-jlalks zigzag. — Leaves upright.

Fruit-Jlalks terminating. Huds.

Dili i7- 33.

Shoots 3 or 4 inches long. Leaves prelTed to. Fnut-Jlalks yellow
green, an inch long. Neck. — Grows in denfe patches. Shoots
adhering at bottom, ■§ an inch or more in height, branched upwards.

Leaves, lower ones downy at the bafe ; upper ones very clofely fet ;

Empal. clofely embracing the fruit-ftalk. Fruit-jlalks lateral. Capfules
ftraight or flightly bent, egg-fhaped, fcored, i line long. Ring none.

Lid awl-lhaped. Fei/fmooth, reaching but half way. Pollich. —

About an inch high, but little branched, flender, thicker upwards.

Leaves hairy, yellow green, Fruit-jlalks green, turning yellowifh,
varioufly bent and twifted. Capfules oblong, flender. Lid pointed,
red. Veil whitifh. Sometimes 2 or 3 fruit-ftalks arife from one
branch. Dill.

Ireland. Rocks about Llanberris. Dill. P. April — ^June.

BRY'U M glau'cum. Capfules nearly upright. Lid white
bowed. Leaves upright ; tiled. Shoots branched. —

Dili. 46. 2G. — VaiU. 26. 13. — H. ox. xv. 6. row the lajl, 22 not in
fruclijic(dion.

Stem with the appearance of Sphagnum pahiflre. Leaves whitifh.

Lid awl-fliaped. Linn. — Grows in denfe patches, varying in height
from I to 4 inches, dividingtowardsthetop into fhort thick branches.

Leaves awl-fhaped, very brittle when dry. Weis. — Fruit-jlalks termi-
nating, hardly an inch long, fheathed at the bafe. Capfules long-egg-
ftiaped, leaning when old. Hall. — /.eaues 3 lines or more in length,
very entire. Lid awl-fhaped, very fharp pointed. Mouth fringed.

Poll 1C H. — ^\^'hole plant brittle, greyifh when growing, or pale
glaucous ereen ; whitifh when dry. Feii flender, white. Dill.

Mountainous heaths and paflures. P. Aug. — Nov,

BRY'UM Hei'mii. Capfules upright, oblong. Lid Heimius's
obliquely beaked. Leaves fpatula-lhaped, taper-pointed,
finely toothed. Dicks, ii. 4.

Hedw.jlirp. i. 30.

Stem near •§ inch high, unbranched, upright. Fruit-jlalks termi-
nating, near an inch high. Veil opening at the fide. Capftdes long-
egg-fhaped. Lid, beak bent to one fide. Pnngenone. Hedwig.

Sandy places; in Northern expofures. Feb. — June. P.

BRY'UM heteromal'lum. Capfules upright. Leaves healh
bpiflle-lhaped, pointing one way, —

Hedw.

100

CRYPTOGAMIA.

xvoolly

Hedw.flirp. i. 36, Ujl. i. 9. 55, 56. — Vaill. 27. 7. — Dill, 47. 37.
— FI. dan. 479. — ox. xv. 6. row 3. 5, and in 7 iAe feaves
Jlraight. — Buxb. ii. 2. 8.

The briftle-fhaped leaves longer than in any other of our fpecies.
Linn .—Leaves hooked. Sc 0 p.— In tufts. Frmt-jlalks from the back
of tlie fhoots. Capfules elegantly coloured. Neck . — In habit refem-
bling the B. fcoparium, but much fmaller, Capjides egg-Ihaped.
Lid, beak Ihort. Weis. — Stem f inch high, upright, but not ftraight.
Leaves not curled when dry. Barren flower always terminating.
Truit-jlalks upright. Angle or in pairs. Veil opening at the Ade,
depiduous. LtV, beak bent. Fn'nge of 1 6 teeth. Hedwig. — Seldom
branched. Leaves hair-like, Ane green, moftly pointing one way,
Fruit-Jlalks f to i inch high, green, changing to fine red, fometimes
jn pairs. Fei7 pale green. Dill.

Hedge banks, heaths, and roots of trees. On Snowdon. Dill.

A. March — ^May,

hypnoi'des, Capfules upright. Stem nearly
branches £hort, fupporting fruit-

Hedw.flirp. in. 2; hifl. ii. 8. 43, 44. — H.ox. xv. g,row2. j.
— A7/. 47. ^2.— Hall. enum. 3. 4, at p. 109, repr. in hfl. 46. 4,
at 111. p. 56.— 27. dan. 476, cop. in Happ. iii. 3.— PM. 47,
5, til done. fDill. 46. 26, is B. aaculare B.J
Grows in denfe patches, nearly upright, from i to 6 inches high,
more or lefs branched ; larger branches fendingout numerous fmaJI
es, ort, alternate, thickeft at the end. Leaves very narrow,
pointed, ending in a long fhining whitifli hair. Fruit-flalks upright,

4 or 5 mes long, from near the ends of the branches ; fenced at the
a e. Capfules egg-fliaped. Lid tapering to a point. Weis. —
aves a ittle toothed at the Ades, but this moft confpicuous in the
oned plant. Cap/ule upright. Mouth fringed with 1 6 teeth, hair-like,
e^parate quite down to the bafe. Heowig. — Shoots rigid, from 4 to
fk. fpreadi.ng on the ground. Branches fhort, irregular,

1 . ^ ^ Ihoot. Leaves green, very flender, ending in long

giey hairs. Dill, » s i>

YorkZJl^'Dif Glyder. Mendip Hills

. Autumn. P,

— Green, hairy, in clutters. Dill.

Dill. 47. 28.

^ellowifli green; without grey hairs, growing in bundles. Dill,
Snowdon. Dill. o

7 Gapfules bearded.'

Dill. 47.31,

Leaves ■

lOI

M U S C I. Bryum.

Leaves fhort, flender, keeled. Fniit-fialks from the divifion of the
branches. Capjules pyramidal. Lid fpit-pointed. Though this
plant is not properly hairy, it has a rough appearance. Dill.

Snowdon. Dill.

f FI. fuec. — Lids blunt. Dill. ^

DHL 47. 30.

Ijeaves crowded, very fmall, yellowifh or brownifli green. Fnut-
Jlalks from the upper branches, f inch long, pale. Lid not pointed.

Dill.

Snowdon. Dill. Aug.

It forms a cufhion on the rock. Linn.

BRY'UM imher'be. Capfules upright, dilated at the beardlefi
mouth. Leaves keeled, open. Linn. — Capfules oblong,
beardlefs. Leaves fpear-hiaped, expanding. Huds. 481.

Hedw.Jlirp.i.2/^, — Ddl. 48. 46.

Shoots branched, leaves ftrap-fhaped, keeled. Fnilt-ftalks upright,
folitary, terminating and lateral, ■§ inch long. Capfules cylindrical,

I line long, deep faffron coloured, blackifh at thebafe. Weber. —

Fringe long. Haller. — Not an inch high, upright, unbranched at
firft, but every year fending out branches after the flowering feafon.

Leaves broad at the bafe, and keeled. Barren flower terminating.

Hedwig. — Grows in denfe tufts. Stems flender, ■§ to i inch high,
dividing into branches. Leaves very flender, pale green, upper
leaves bent back. Dill.

Sandy heaths, ditch banks, and w’alls. [Bungay, Suffolk. Mr.

Stone.] Winter. Dill. A. March, April. Huds.

BRY'UM latera'le. Capfules upright, lateral. Leaves lateral
briftle-fliaped, pointing one way, Lightf. 727. — Capfules
oval. Huds. 483.

Hedw.ftirp. ii. 40. — Hall. enum. 3. 8, at p. log, repr. in hijl. 46. 8,
at iii. p. 56. — Hall. it. helv. ii. 1.2. in opujc. p. 30c. — FI. dan.

823.1 ; oni538.3.

Stems forming tufts, from i to 3 inches high ; almoft upright,
purplifh, but little branched ; covered at the bafe with fox-coloured
wool. Leaves numerous, very green, briftle-lbaped, foft, long.

Fniit-jlalks upright, (hort, purple. Veil conical, {harp, pale, deci-
duous. Capjules fringed, tawney. Lid conical, very fhort, tawncy.

Huds. — Chives and pointals in the fame empalement. Fruit-jlalks
ihort, fliff, but bending by the weight of the Capfule, fixed to the
cad of the laft year’s fhoot, but tlie growth of the new fhoot makes
it appear lateral. Outer fringe of iG teeth. Hedwig. — In the B.
pomiforme, the leaves arc more equally tapering, and the fruit-ftalks
are longer. Shady

102

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Shady woods by the fides of the Highland mountains, and the
fides of rivulets in the fir forefts. On Hart-fell mountain near

P. iVlay-Sept.

i^all B R Y'U M mura'le. Capfules upright. Leaves
itraightihi, terminating in hairs. Shoots fimple ; growino-
clofe together, and forming a tuft. —

Dill 45. 14. A. E.—Vaill 24. 15, in a tuft.—Buxb.u^A. 4.
— Mich. 59. 7.

Grows in a round convex tuft, or little culhion. Linn. St.— -
Fndt-Jlalks ‘green, fhort, and bowed back, fo that the egg-fhaped cap-
fule feems to lie upon the leaves. Ud taper-pointed. Veil very
thin, and very fhort. Lin N.Ji.fuec. — Grows in broad patches, or in
circular buttons convex in the middle. Hardly more than 4 or 5
lines high, feldom branched, ending in rofes. Leaves ending in
pey hairs, as long as the leaf, terminating, near an inch

long, ftraight. Capfules flraight, nearly cylindrical. Veil oblique.
I^early allied to the B. pulvinalum, but diftinguifhable by the greater
length and ftraightnefs of its hairs. When young it is deftitute of
hairs. Hill. 45, 15. Weis.— Leaves opake, approaching, rigid, fine
green when wet, dull green when dry. Dill.

W^alls, roofs, tiles, ftones, rocks and fandy places, everywhere.

TT p Nov. — ^March.

Id nuns. — bmall; without hairs.

Dill. 45. 15. — Buxb. 1. 64.

Leaves fhorter, broader, fofter than in the preceding ; pellucid
^een not hoary with hairs. Grows much crowded together, bu[
not in a circular form. Dill.

On banks of earth near Streatham, Surrey, and at Oxford.
Winter. Dill.

Capfules upright, inverfely egg-
^ ped, lopped. Lid convex. Leaves fpear-egg-fhaped,
taper-pointed. Dicks, ii. 5. ^ ^ ’

Dick/. 4. 7, a. L

reHrn b^'j-^wl-fhaped. Leaves, under the microfcope,

beaked lid, and its capfule being longer, &c. Dicks.

Stones and rocks on Ben Crechan^ Scotland.

B R Y ' U M ova' turn. Capfules upright, eo-cr-fliaped
L^ves egg-ftaped, concave, ending^,? “ dS:

blunt

Hedw.flirp. i. 6.—H. ox. xy. 7. 18.

Very

103

M U S C I. Bryum.

Veiy minute, unbranched, with fcarcely any ftcni. Flowers
terminating. Fruk-Jlalk upright, not longer than the capfule.

Veil reddilh brown. Ud conical, beak oblique. . Very common on
mud walls, fpreading in broad and denfe patches; feldom on the
ground. Hedwig.

Paftures. Mud walls. April, May.

BRY'UM paludo'fum. Stemlefs. Leaves briftle- dinar j
fliaped. Capfules very blunt ; open.—

Dill. 49. 53.

Differs from B. viridulum in its brown capfules, and the leaves not
curling when dry. Linn. — Growing in patches. Neck. — Extremely
fmall, only obfervable from its growing in a quantity together.

Leaves minute, hair-like, but expanding. Fruit-Jlalk terminating, 2
or 3 lines long. Capfules egg-fhaped ; MotUh wide, minutely fringed.

Veil {lender, upright. Differs from the B. virens in the darker green
of it leaves, their being flenderer, not curling when dry, and in hav-
ing fmaller capfules. Weis.— Always grows fingiy, never in tufts.
WiLLDENOw. — Leaves very flender, fcarce fenfibly broad, foft, dull
green. Capfules, Lid deciduous, leaving a large open for the fize of
the capfule. Dill.

In fandy marfhes and turfy ground in Yorkfhire. Richardson
in Dill. 387. — Moift rocks, and fometimes decayed wood in damp
fhady places. Lightf. A. March — ^IVIay.

BRY'UM Capfules upright, fomewhat pear- expanding

fliaped, fringed. Fruit-ftalks very Ihort. Shoots nearly
upright. Branches expanding, lifing nearly to the fame
height. Dicks, ii. 6.

Dickf. 4. 8. a. b.

Shoots fomewhat flanting, nearly cylindrical, tapering towards the
bafe, very much branched. Branches unequal, rather pointed,
fomewhat higher than the fruit-ftalks. Leaves tiled, preffed to, the
points Handing out, quite ftraight, flrap-fpear-fhaped, pointed,
channelled. Fruit-Jlalhs from the fidcs of the uppermoft branches,
few, folitary, very fhort, often zigzag. Capfules fmall. Fringe
fringed. Dicks.

On rocks in mountainous rivulets. On Ben Nevis, Scotland.

BRY'UM pellu'cidum. Capfules leaning. Leaves tranfparent
bowed back ; pointed. Stem hairy. —

Fledw. themr. 8. i to 4. — Dili 46. 23, 24. — Fluh. 44. 7. — Pluk.

49. I , in which feveral fhoots rife from the top of that oflajiycoj'.

Stem about 2 inches long, branchc^. l.eaveS Ipear-fhaped, re-
markably

104

CRYPTOGAMIA.

markably fhining, ending in a ftifFhair. Fruit-Jlalks i inch long.
Capfjiks {lender, fringed. Pollich. — Fruit-Jlalks fometimes in pairs;
terminating. Cap/afer brown when dry. Dill.

Marfhy and ihady places. Near North Bierly not far from
Bradford, Yorkfhire, and on the fides of lakes on Glyder and
Snowdon mountains. P.June — Sept.

apple BRY'UM pomtfor'me, Capfules upright ; fpherical. —
Dill.^^.i. — FI. dan. — Vaill. 24. g and 12. — Buxb.v. app.
n. 4. — H. ox. XV. 6. row 4. 6, capfules ripe.

Leaves briftle-lhaped. Fruit-Jlalks folitary, purplilh below. Cap-
Jules globular. Veil very much pointed, very fmall, oblique. Linn.
— Grows thick together in broad patches. Stems about an inch high ;
the old ones branched, the young ones Ample. Leaves very flender,
ferrated towards the ends. Friat-Jlalks full § inch long, from the
ends of the younger fhoots, one or more in a place. Capjule at firft
flender, when ripe globular. Mouth wide, fringed. Veil deciduous.
Weis, and Dill.

Heaths, rocks, and banks. A. Feb. — ^April.

dwarf BRY'UM pujil'lum. Hedw. hijl. ii. 32 and 87.
— Capfules upright, oblong fringed. Leaves concave
egg-fhaped, awl-ftiaped. Dicks, ii. 6.

Hedw. Jlirp. i. 28.

Stem unbranched, upright, very minute, not more than 2 or 3
lines high. Leaves concave and egg-fhaped at the bafe, but veiy
long and flender upwards. Barren flowers in the bofomofthe
leaves. Fruit-Jlalks on the fame plant, terminating, thrice as long as
the ftem, nearly upright. Fringe Angle, of 1 6 teeth, deeply divided,
red. Hedwig.

In fandy places. A. Feb.— MarcL

pear~headed BRY'UM pyrifor'me. Capfules upright, inverfely

Veil awl-fhaped. Shoots without fteins.
Leaves egg-fliaped, without hairs.

Hedw. theor. g. 16 to I g; and 10. 20 to 22; 14. 63, 64, 65;
hiJl. ii. 1. 2, 3, 7, 31; 2. 6. a. 4. 18, a. b. 5, 24, 6.
—Dill. 44. 6.— H. dan. 537. i.— Vaill. 29. 3.— H. ox. xv. 7.
row 2. 16. p. 631.— Bii.ri. i. 64. i.

Fruit-Jlalks t to i inch long. Re l h. n. 1 01 5.— Very fhort. Upper
leaves forming roles round the terminating fruit-ftalk. Weis.— Lid
with a Ihort beak. Scop. — Leaves i line broad, long. Empal.
none. Fmt-Jlalk about 3 lines loilg. Capjule, mouth without fringe.
PoM.ioH.— Fp(7 before the capfule fwells, 4 Aided; afterwards it

tears

MU S C J. Bryum, 705

tears into 2, 3, or 4 fesments. Leaves tender, • pellucid, paJe green.

Ccpfi'.ks large for the fize of the plant, which riles but little above
the ground. Dill.

Heaths, hedges and ditch banks. [Near Budgay, Suffolk. Mr.

Stone.] A. feb. March and April.

BRY^UM reticula' turn. Capfules upright, pe?.r-fhaped, net-ivork
toothed. Leaves egg-fliaped, ferrated, reticulated. Dibits,
ii. 4.

4. 6. a. b.

Shoots upright. Leaves diftant, rather pointed, of a remarkable
net-work texture, tranfparent, ferrated towards the cr<d, belov/ very
entire. Fridt-Jldk from the bafe of the plant. (Japjuiss, teeth bent
in. Dicks.

On Ben High in the Highlands^

I

BRY'UM rls'idum.- StemleCs. CapRiles eyiindried,
upright. . Leaves expanding, ftrap-fhaped, cpnvex, ftiih
Huds. 477.

Hediv.filrp. i. 2’5. — D'lll. 49. 55.

Sims very fhort. Leaves very entire, bluntilh, flat above, cpnvex
underneath, naked. Frtik-ftalk terminating, folitary, upright, inch
long, purple. Veil conical, pale. Capftiks fringed, -fmjioth, Li
taper-pointed, purple at the bafe, half as long as the capfule. Huns.

— Fertile plant always taller and flenderer.than the . but

both of them fliort aad thick. Ffinp. red, , compel ed oft32'bng
{lender filaments, fpirally twilled . together . wjien moifll Hedwio.

— Leaves ftifF, like thofe of Heath. DiLi.

Moift rocks near Wiemore, Hercfordihirc. B.aow'N in Dill. — On
Ingleborough, Yorkfhice. Huns. — On clay walls, in .German yv
[Thorpe, near Norwich. Dr. J. E. Smith.] P. Nov. — July.

BRY'UM rura'lc. Capfules nearly upright. Leaves ^rey
bowed back, terminating in hairs.—

Hedw. bift. i. C. 20 I032. — Dili. 4,/;, 12..— Vaill. 25. 3.— H. ox.

^ XV. 6. row 3. I . and row 4, z.—Buxb. v. 44. i ,

Fnut-Jlalks from the ends ot the young fhbets,. from the fideyof the
elder ones. Neck. — Grows in tufts, often circular. 6'Aoo/.? upright,
branched, 1 or 2 inches high, fleilatcdat the ends, iiht/js numerous,
broad {pear-fhaped,. pointed. irail-yln/L an inch, high, furrounded
by a tence at the bafe. Capjules cylindrical; mouth. ‘with p long.

Iririge, Lid a long cone.- Wf. is. — Grows in denfe and elevated
tufts. Stems upright, branched, i to 2 inches high. Leavei crowded,
ftanding open, fine yellowifh green when wet, but dull gTcyilh and.
browniih in dry leafons. Dill.

Vol. III. PI

Rooli

io6

CRYPTOGAM! A.

Roofs both thatched and tiled, walls and trunks of trees.

P. Dec. — April,

When this takes to grow upon thatched buildings fo as to cover
the thatch, inftead of lafting bi\t about ten years it will endure for
an age.

hroom B R Y ' U M fcopa'rium. Capfules nearly upright.
Fruit-ftalks incorporated. Leaves pointing one way;
bowed back. Stem declining. —

DHL 46. 16. — Curt. i. 7. — Vaill. 28. 12. — Buxb. ii. 4. i, — Hedw.
hijl. ii. 8. 41. — FI. dan. 824. i.

Fruit-jlalhs about 2 inches long ; in the young fhoots terminating ;
in the full-grown ftioots in the bofom of the branches. Neck. —
Grows in denfe patches, branched, nearly upright, 1 to 3 inches
high. Leaves flender, long, ending in a long fharp point, expanding.
Fruit-Jlalks i or 2 inches high, generally folitary. Capfules cylindriczlf
thick, a little crooked, fcored. Lid, beak as long as the capfule.

tootlied. Veil long. Weis. — Frequently feveral fruit-ftalks
in one empalcment. Willdenow,

Heaths, woods, trunks of trees, fhady banks, and dry paflures.

P. Feb. and March. CiiRf .— June and July, Huds. — April
— ^July. Lightf.

<3 H. o.r. XV. 7. 1 1 and rg.

Splachnum BRY'UM fplaclinoi'des. Capfules upri gilt, inverfely
egg-fhaped, toothed. ■ Exerefcence roundilh. Leaves
ftrap-bnflle-lhaped. Dicks, ii. 5.

FI. dan. 538. 2.

Leat’e5 numerous, upright, open, fome bowed back. Empalement
fmall, hunched, beneath the capfule. Dicks,

On rocks on Ben Nevis, Scotland.

f.arry B KY'IJ M flella'tum. Scii-reb. Upf. 80. n. 1040. —
Stemlefs. Capfules upright, pointed, bearded. Leaves
egg-fpear-fhaped, pointed, fomewhat rolled in. DicKs.ii,6.

Dill. 49. 56.

On ditch banks and brinks of rivulets, Scotland.

jlarry BRY'UM jlelUg'erum. Capfules upright, femi-glo-
bular, naked. Leaves ftrap-fliaped, in ftar-like whorls.
Dicks, ii. 3.

DickJ. 4. 4. a. b.

Shoots branched, ftar-like at the end. Leaves expanding, a little
bowed back at the ends ; fomewhat whorled. Frint^e naked. Lid

O

flattilli, the beak fomewhat oblique; as long as the capfule. Dicks.

, Woods in the Highlands. BRY'UM

Muse i. Bryurri. lo

BRY'UM fubula't'um> Capfules upright, awl-fhapfed. awl-Jhaped
Shoots ftemlefs. — ^

Cwrt. ili. 36. — F/. dan. looo. 2. — Vcdll. 25. 8. — Hedimg. hijt. ii.

7. 38 and 39, capfule ma^ifed.-^Dill. 45. 10. — Buxb. i. 63.

2 ; ii. 2. 3 and 4.

Fruit-ftalks i to if inch long, yellowifh. Nficif.^Grows crowded
together; but little branched, terminating in rofes. Fniit^Jielks zn
inch or more in length, purplifli, fliining, ftraight, tvvifted. Cdp-
/«&r cylindrical, flender, 3 or 4 lines Jong, becoming crooked when
dry, ripe in fummer. pellucid, pale green, \vith or without

hairs. Weis and Dill. — Plant from 3 to 5 lines high. Fruit-Jlalks
fometimes in pairs. Veil permanent, Scop.-^nearly as long as the
capfule.

Molft banks, woods, and walls. P. Jan.— May.

BRY'UM tetrago'num. Capfules nearly upright, fome- fquare
what globular. Shoots 4-cornered, the younger between
climbing and zigzag. Leaves. preJTed to, ftrap-^awl-ibaped.

Dicks, ii. 8.

Dickf. 4. g. a. b.

Full grown Jhocts upright, ;vith leaves difpofed in 4 row’s, bldckilh,
yellowifh green above, fometimes fending out young fhocts from
the ends ; young Jhoots zigzag like a . climbing plant, reddifh. Leaves
of the full grown fhoots very clofely tiled, preffed to, upright, firap-
Ihaped, awl-fhaped towards the ends; (hofe of the young fhoots
minute egg-fhaped, few. Capfules upright, fomew'hat oblique, mouth
contra Aed. Fringe with a ring. Dicks.

Ben Lomond, Scotland.

BRY'UM tortuo'fum. Capfules upright. Leaves tmjhd
briftle-lhaped, without hairs, curled when dry. — ^

Dill. 48. 40. — Hall, enian. 4. 2, at p. 118, repr. in kijl. 45. 2, at
ii. p. 41. — FI. dan. 880. i. — Sckeuch. it. ii. ig. 5, cop. in Pet.
gaz. 65. 8.

Leaves when diy curled and becoming dark coloured. Linn./wc.
n. 1000. — Fridt-ftalks terminating on the young, lateral on the old
fhoots. Neck. — Grows in denfe crifp patches. Shoots upright,
adhering together, near an inch high. Leavei a line or line long.
Fniit-Jlalkslrom the forks of the branches, ftraight, 3 to 7 lines long,
clofely clafped at the bafe by the empalement. Capfuks cylindrical,
fmooth. Ring none. Mouth fringed. Lid awl-fhaped, ftraight.

Veil fpiooth, extending but half way down. Pollich.— One to i^
inch fiigh, fomewhat branched. Leaves very numerous, flender,
crooked, curled when dry, fina green, dull yellow w'hcn old. Veil

H 2 flender,

io8

CRYPTOGAMIA.

flender, pale green, changing to brown. Capjuks nut-colour when
ripe. Dill.

Heaths, rocks on mountains, and woods.

B R Y ' U M trlcho'des. Capfules nearly upright, the
mouth fringed; without a ring. Fruit-Jlaik very long.
Linn. — Leaves ftrap-tongue-iliaped, blunt. Capfule
pear-fhaped, crooked. Dicks, ii. 7.

Hedwig. Jlirp. i. i and 2 ; hijl. ii. 9. 56. 57. — Dill. 49. 58.

Shoots on very Ihort ftems. Fruit-jlalks 3 inches long. Capfules
dull yellow, inverfely egg-(haped. LW blunt. Growing in patches.
Leaves fcattered, 2 lines or more in length. Empal. none. Fruit-
fialks terminating. Capfules upright, afterwards bending a little, 1
line long. fhort, pointed, white. Feilfmooth, reaching but
half way down. Pollich. — Primary ftem not branched, but after
bearing fruit it fends out a new fhoot from its extremity, as is the
. cafe with many MofTes with terminating fruit-ftalks. Chives and
pointals iii the fame flower, or in feparate flowers. Ring none.
Fringe double, 1 6 teeth in each. The roots are fo clofely attached
together, that without gieat care it breaks off, and the plant appears
without a ftem; Hf.dwig. — fhort, fitting, fometimes undivided,
fometimes with i or 2 branches. Leaves green, narrow. Fruit-flalks
about 2 inches high, of a fhining gold colour. Dill.

Wet meadows, in denfe patches. May, June. P.

brown BRY'UM truncat'ulum. Capfules upright, roundifli.
'Lid ending in a lharp point. —

Curt. ii. 22. 2. — Hedw. Jlirp. 5 ; theor. g. 15. — Dill. 45. 7. —

26. 2. — Buxb. ii. 2. 2. — FI. dan. 537, bad.

Capfules, when the lid is fallen off, appearing quite lopped, in-
verfely egg-fhaped, and yellowifli red, therefore evidently diftindl
from the B. viridulum. Linn. — Fruit-flalks 3 or 4 lines long. Capfule
without a ring. Neck. — One of the leaft of the Mofles; grows in
patches. Stem 3 or 4 lines long, unbranched, ending in rofes.
Leaves terminated by a minute white hair. Fndt-fialks terminating,
generally folitary. Capfules egg-fhaped. Lid with a long flender
point. Veil with a long taper point. Weis.— SheatMng empalemetu
conical, lopped. Hedwig.

Ditch banks, meadows, paftures, and heaths. A. Sept. Feb.

Haflelquift obferving this plant growing in great abudance upon
the walls of Jerufalem, conjectures it may be the Hyflbp of the ferip-
ture, wherein Solomon is faid to have known all plants, from the
Cedar of Lebanon even unto the Hyflbp, that "roweth upon the
wall.

’ ■ BRY'UM

109

M U S C I. Bryum.

«

B R Y ' U M undula'tum. Capfules nearly upright, curled
Fruit-fhllcs moftly folitary. Leaves fpear-fhaped ; keeled ;
waved; expanding; ferrated. —

Curt. I. 6. — Hedw. Jlirp, i. i6. — DiU. 46. 18. — Vaill. 26. 17. — H.
ox.xv.y, row ijl, 9. — Hedw.Jlirp. 17, is variety^, biU equally
well reprefents the parts of fruSlifcatioti of the plant in quejiion.

— fFl. dan. 477, feems to be 0 of Hedwig.J

Shoots rarely branched. Fmt-Jlalks i or 2 from the end of each
(boot. Neck. — Siem i to 3 inches, upright, unbranched. Leaves,
the upper ones largeft, viz. 2 or 3 lines long, and i broad. Ba/N
Jlalks terminating, upright, i to 2 inches high ; fometimes 2 toge-
ther. Capfules oblong, leaning, bent. Lid fharp-pointed, marked
with a fcarlet circle. Weis. — SheatJdng empal. pyramidal, its top
clolely embracing the fruit-ftalk. Veil cylindrical, fplitting on one
■fide. Cap/ttfej cylindrical. Lid convex; beak very long. Fringe
of 32 teeth; fingle. Hedwig. — Stem in part buried in the ground.

Leaves deep green, thin, pellucid, very finely ferrated, foon curl-
ing up when the plant is gathered. Dill.

Shady banks, woods about the roots of trees, and heaths.

Aug. — Febr, P.

BRY'UM unguicula'tum. Linn. — Capfules upright, birds-claw
oblong. Lid taper-pointed, oblique. Leaves ftrap-
fpear-lhaped, keeled. Huds.

Hedw. Jlirp. i. 23, hijl. ii. 4. 20, a lid.— Dill. 48. 47. — Btixb. ii,

2. g.

Shoots forming patches, about f an inch high ; fometimes
branched.— rLeaves open, near a line in length and ^ In breadth.

Fruit-Jlalks terminating. Capfuk, ring none. Veil fmooth, reaching
but half way down the capfule, Pollich. — Leaves expanding w'hen
moift, twilled when dry. Barren and fertile flowers on feparate
fhoots, terminating. Sheathing Empal. conicaL Fruit-Jlalks i or 2
together, about ^ an inch long, upright. Ring none. Fringe fcat-
tered when, dry, fpirally twifted together when. \yet. Hedwig. — •

Jxaves green, keeled, opake. Capfules oblong, thickeft at the bafe,
green, changing to brown. Dill.

Walls and fandy places. [Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.] Clay
xvalls. Hedw. A. March, April,

BRY'UM verticilla'tum. Capfules upright. FruiL xu'horled
flilks twifted when dry. Leaves ending in hahrs. Shouts
all of the fame height. —

Dill. 47. 35.

^3

Grow

no

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Grows in denfc tufts. Stems {lender, adhering clofely together,
about an inch high ; branched. Leaves hair-like, fine pale green,
towards the bottom of the plant w'hitilh. Fruit-Jlalks numerous,
fhort, pale, terminating. Capjiiles fmall, roundifh, greenilh. Lid
very fmall, red, pointed. Dill.

Haller unites it with the B. cejlivum. Linn.

In Yorkfhire. Richardson in Dill. On rocks near the fea,
Bangor. Brewer mDiVh P. April— Auguft,

greenljh BRY'UM vt'rens. Capfules upright, oblong, Leaves
awl-lhaped, quite hraight, Dicks. 4.

Curt. ii. 22.—Hedw. Jlirp. 3. 5.— Dill. 48. ^^.-^VailL 29. 5.

Leaves curling up in drying. Dicks.-^So fmall as hardly to be
difcernible if it did not glow in large patches. Stems i to 3 lines
long, upright, feldom branched. Leaves very {lender, {harp at the
ends. Fruit-Jlalks terminating the laft year’s fhoots, i or 2 on a
{hoot. Capfules egg-fhaped, fringed at the mouth. Lid red, pointed.
Veil pointed. Wzis. ^Fruit-Jlalks green, changing to a pale yel-
low. Capjides from green to yellow brown, and Ihining. Veil
{lender, the colour of the capfule. very Ihort, reddhh, its
point bent. Dill.

£. uinViiiam. Hudf. 478. Lighf, 731. Curt.

Meadows, ditch banks, and road fides, A. Dec.— March.

green BRY'UM virid'ulum. Capfules upright, egg-lhaped.
Leaves fpear-fhaped, taper-pointed, between tiled and
open. Linn.— Stemlefs, Capfules oblong. Lids taper-
pointed, refembling a bird’s claw. Dicks. 3.

DickJ. I. 5.

. Leaves very green, curling up in drying. Linn.— Whole plant
fcarcely more than the 8th of an inch high, the fmalleft of this
Genus which I have hitherto feen. Uaves 3 or 4, when viewed
through a magnifying glafs ftrap-fpear-lhaped, ribbed underneath.
Fruit-Jlalk yellowifh, fometimes 2 from the fam.e point. Capfule
upright, oblong, fomewhat cylindrical, brownilh when .dpe, with a
woln red ring. Lid taper-pointed, fomewhat crooked, nearly as
long as the capfule. Fe/l oblique, minute, fringe toothed ; teeth
numerous, bent in. Differs from B. paludojumln tht leaves not
being brifile-fhaped, and in the fhape of the capfule. Dicks
^ B. vinaulum. LiNN.-That it is fo I am fatisfied from fpecimens
in the Lmnaaan herbarium. But all modern authors milled by the
erroneous fynonyms given by Linn^us have fuppofed another fpe-
eies to be the Lmnaaan vmdulum. [See J5. uiim?.] Dicks.

Boggy ground on Enfield Chace, *

BRY'VM

1 1 1

M U S C I. Bryum.

BRY'UM Wei'fia. Capfules upright, oblong, egg- IVeis's
lhaped, with a ring, fringed. Leaves pointing one way,
ftrap-awl-lhaped, ftiff. Dicks, ii, 5.

Hedw. I. 8.

Stem upright. Leaves awl-fliaped, but broad and fheathing at
the bafe, rigid, not curling up when dry. Empcd. fheathing. Fridt-
Jldk terminating, always longer than the ftem, nearly upright. Veil
{lender, upright. Lid a blunt cone. Fringe fihgle, of 16
teeth. Hedwig.

Woods and fandy places. May, June.

* * * Capfules on Fmit-Jlalks ; pendant.

BRY'UM alpi'num, Huds. and Linn. — Capfules alpine
pendant, oblong. Leaves tiled,, egg-flaaped, pointed,
keeled. Shoots branched. Fruitftalks from the divifion
of the branches. Huds.

Dill. 50. 64.

Grows denfely compaded ; varioufly branched ; branches irre-
gular in length. Leaves very numerous, oblong, keeled, ftraight,
{pit-pointed, opake, fmooth, fhining, purplilh green, but in old
plants dark purple below, dark red above. Barren branches taper
at the end, thofe with fruit-ftalks broader. Fruit-flalks an inch high,
dark red purple, iffuing from a large purple tubercle. Veil
purplifh. Dill.

Rocks covered with a thin layer of earth in the ruins of an old
cattle near Llanberris. Dill. — Highland mountains. Lightf. St.

P. April — ^June.

BRY'UM argen'teum. Capfules pendant, ^oots fdver
cylindrical, tiled, fmooth. —

Dill. 50. 62. — Curt. iii. 28. — FI. dan. 880. 2, — Vaill. 36. 3. — K.
ox. XV. 6. row the laft, 1 7.

Grows in patches, about an inch high, dividing into cylindrical
fhoots 2 or 3 lines long. Leaves egg-fpear-fhaped, ending in hairs,
but fo preflTed to the ftem as hardly to be difcernible to the naked
eye. Fmit-Jlalks from the bafe of the fhoots, near -g an inch high.
Capfules egg-fhaped, upright when green, pendant when ripe. Lid
fhort, blunt. MoalA fringed, Pei7 deciduous. Weis.' — In autumn
and early in winter green, afterwards fhining filvery white, efpe-
cially when dry, which circumftance alone is fuflicient to diftinguifh
it from all other MofTes. Dill.

Sunny banks, walls, roofs, and rocks, P. 0(tt, F«h.

P Linn. — Shoots greener. Leaves not hairy,

Dill. 50. 63.

Pale

I I 2

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Paje or darKcr green, fometimes ftilning. Leaves more crowded
than in <z, not hairy. mouth not fringed. Dill.

On the gravel walks of the Oxford Phyfic Garden. Dill.

Jan. — March.

matted BRY'UM cafpltk'ium, Capfules pendant. Leaves
fpear-fhaped, tapejring to a briftly point. Fruit-ftalks
very long.-^

Hedw. /it)?, ii. 10.66, 67. 3. 12.— Cz^rt. HI. 28.— D//Z. 50. 66.

—H. ox. XV. 6. row 5. i ^.—Vaill 29. 7,

Frwt-Jfalks red at bottom, yellow green at top. Reyg. — Shoots
crowded. Leaves pellucid. Capjule, mouth fringed. Neck.—
Grows m broad denfe patches. Only a few lines high ,• branched at
c top, covered with a brown knap at bottom. Leaves very fmall,
crowded, Ibining. Friiit-Jlalks an inch high, HTuingfrom the rofes
of laft year’s Ihtjots, furrounded at bottom with a leafy fheath or
fence. Capjule at firft upright; flender egg-fhaped. Lid red,
fhinmg, nipple-ihaped. AloatA flightly fringed. Fci7 brown, chan^-
jng to tawncy red. Weis,

Old walls, hones, roofs, grafs, gravel, banks, and hillocks.

P. Feb. — April.

Jhimng BRY'UM car'neum. Gapfules pendant ; fomewhat
globular. Leaves pointed, alternate. —

Hedwir. furp. j. 20. — Dill. 50. 6g. — BuxL ii. 2. 5 and 6,
~HaU. enum. 4. 6, al p. 1 1-8, repr. in hifl. 45. 6, at in. p. 41.
Shoots upright, Angle, or in tufts, dividing into feveral brnnohes
4 or 5 Imes long. Leaves or i line long, f broad, not hairy at the
.end, very ■ entire. Fruit-Jlalk terminating the fhoots and the
ranches, 3 or 4 lines long. Cap>/.'5 roundifh, egg-lhaped. Rin^

none. Ltd Ihort,- bluntlfli. Veil fmocth, reaching but half way
down. POLLICH. - , ^

Mom rvatery places and pahurcs. [Wet drains near the bath,
Ditchingham, Nortolk. Mr. Stone.]

c nr, Rill— March, April. Huns.

A,/ „ Capfules green. Branches and fruit-ha Iks longer. R.

Jyn. p, 102. n. 52. • • s “

• F)iU. 50, 69. G.

Yorklhire. Mr. Richardson,

B R Y ' U M cuUta'k.

Shoots and fruit-itajics bent inwards.
aiTow-lhaped, pointed, bordered. JDjcks. ii,

oblong.

O

Capfules pendant, club-fhapeci,
lit-ltaJks bent inw.ardc. Leaves

DRhf. 5. p.

The

M U S C I. Bryimi. 113

The lai-geft of aril the Bryums. Shoots fomewhat branched, rather
recumbent at the bafe. Leaves expanding, taper-pointed, with a
thick rib and reddifh edge. Fruit-Jlalk terminating, very long, a
little below the bafe bent in with an elbow-like bending, of a gold
coloured reddifh brown, brightly glittering. Cap fide deprefled and
pendant, club-fhaped, very long. Fringe, teeth numerous, up-
right. Dicks.

On moift banks in the Scotch mountains, near Aberfeldy.

BRY'UM elonga'tum. Capful es between flanting and elongated
upright, lengthened out at the bafe. Leaves ftrap-fpear-
fhaped. Dicks, ii. 8.

Hedw. jlirp. i. 36.

Hardly f an ftich high, upright. Barren and fertile flowers ter-
minating, but on different plants. Fruit-Jlalk ftraight, upright, but
a little bent at the top by the weight of the capfule. Capfule oblong,
leaning, its lower part acellular fubftance, not containing feeds. Lid
convex, beak fhort. Mouth with a double fringe, 16 teeth in
each. Hedwig,

Woods near Loch Nefs, Scotland. ^ May.

BRY'UM margina! turn. Capfules nodding. Lid bordered

beaked. Leaves egg-fpear-fhaped, pointed, finely toothed,
bordered. Dicks, ii. 9.

DickJ. 5. I, a. 5.

Shoots moflly fimple. Leaves, teeth remote, the midrib and edge
red and thick. Fruit-Jialks folitary. Cap/, half egg-fhaped. Lid
conical, p'eif awl-fhaped. Dicks. ^ ,

PaRures, Scotland.

BRY'UM pulvina'tum. Capfules roundifh. Fruit- plncujhion
ftalks bent down. Leaves ending in hairs,—

Hedw. iheor. 13. 51 to 56, i^, 57 to 62. — Dill. 50. 65, cop. with
the capfule magnified in Happ. iii. Bryum i. — Vaill. 29. 2.— Rf.
gaz. 95. 15. — H. ox. XV. 6, raw the lajl, 21. p. 629.

Grows in a tuft or round cufhion. Fruit-Jlallis green, Ihort, bowed
back, fo that the capfule prefles upon the leaves. Ca/^f. egg-fhaped.

Veil very thin, very fhort, barely covering the lid. Lid taper-
pointed. Linn. Jl. Juec. n. 993, under B. viurale. Fruit-Jlalks bending
down fo that the capfules are buried in the foliage ; but in fomc
ftages of growth they are upright. Neck. — Grows in circular con-
vex denfe patches^; about •§ inch high. Shoots branched, branches
thickcR upwards. Leaves, the lower ones brov/n and without hairs.
iruil-Jlalks terminating, very fhort, at firR upright, but as the

capfule

C R Y P T O G A M I A.

capfule ripens bending down. Mouth toothed. Veil deciduous.
£hort, pointed. Weis.

Walls and roofs, the moft common of all the Mofles.

March — April.

bowed BRY ’IJ M recurva'tum. Capfules roundifh, pendant.
Leaves briftle-fliaped. Dicks, ii. 7.

Hedw. I. 38. — jfocq. Mifc. ii. 12.

Original ftem hardly f a line in height ; very brittle when drj%
Leaves expanding, lower ones fpear-lhaped. Barren flowers in the
bofom of the leaves. Fruk-ftalks terminating, at firfl: ftraight, then
arching downwards, becoming flraighter again when old and dry.
Capfule pear-lhaped. Lid convex, beak flender, crooked. Ftinge
Angle, with 1 6 teetli. Veil fplitting at the Ade, bent like the beak
of the lid. Hedwig.

Barren grafly places. Calcareous rocks. Spring — Autumn,

Jdky B R Y ' U M ferlc'eum. Capfules pendant, oblong.
Leaves fpear-lhaped, pointed, keeled. Huds. 487.

Hedw. hijl. i. 4. 16 to ig ; ii. 6. 28, a feedlmg plant. — Dill. 50,
61. — Hedzv. fiirp. i. 4.

About •! an inch high. Chives and pointals in the fame flower.
Fnat-ftalk from i to 2 inches high. Capfules pendant, but after dif,
charging their feeds upright. Lid convex, beak very Ihort. Moutht
fringe double, each of 16 teeth. Hedwig.— Stems fhort. Lower
leaves few, Ihrivelled, brown. Upper leaves fine pale green. Plants
without capfules taller. Dill.

Woolwich Heath, and Snowdon, about Llanberris ; on Inglebo-
rough, and in other places in Yorklhire. P. March— July.

fmple

oblong,
from

7, row 2. icj.

B R Y ' U M fm'plex. Capfules noddino-
Leaves awl-lhaped. Stem undivided. Fruit-ftalk
the middle of the ftem. —

Hedw. ftirp. iu 34.— Di7/. 50. 59.— H. ox. xv
— Buxb. iv. 65. 2.

Shoots t an inch long. Fruit-Jlalks coloured, ftanding on the ends
of the young Ihoots, but on the rib of the old ones. Necx.-^^NoI
branched often: inch long, growing in patches. Leaves crowded
at the ends of the ftem, hair-like, not crifp when dry. Fruit-falks
p or 2 oget er, or 9 lines long. Capfule inverfeiy egg-lb aped.

V'n ' broader than the capfule. beaked' Mouth
liEmvm ^ Dill.— with 16 teeth in a Angle row, purplilh.

B. rubrum.

M U S C L Bryum,

B. rubruvi. Hudf. ed. i. 413,

GrafTy fandy places. A. March— May.— P. Hedwic.

BRY'UM ventrico'fum. Capfules pendant, bellying, heUying
oblong. Leaves pointing 3 ways, expanding, awl-fpear-
Ihapecf, keeled. Shoots branching, Dicks. 4.

Hedw. Idjl< ii, 4’ lii-~ DfV/. 5^-

24. 2 and 2. — H. ox. xv. 6, row 5. 20, from a dried fpecimn.

Capjule, the neck downwards becomes gradually narrower. Dicks.

Stems Ample or branched ; branches fometimes very flender, at

others thicker and fhorter ; thickeft where the fruit-ftalks put forth,
the leaves there expanding in the form of ftars. Frtdt-Jlalks near 2
inches long, purple. Capfules bent downwards, bellying, green.

fmall, Ihining white. Fei7 (hort, brown red. Dill.

Bryum triquetrum. Hudf. — Mnium triquetrum according to Lightf.

71 5, Hudf. and Relh. n. 786, but in the fpccimens of Mnium tri-
quetrum in the Linnaean herbarium and Ehrhart’s phytophyllacium
the capfules are upright flanting. Dicks. — Leaves fpear-fhaped,
alternate. Fndt-falks red, fometimes branched. Leaves pellucid,
green, fhining. When about to flower it fends forth fome reddifli
{hoots, with finer leaves encompafifed by others of a paler green.

Flowers in the fummer. Dill.

Turf bogs and marfliy places. [Turf pits, Ellingham Fence,

Norfolk. Mr. Stone.] March— May,

B Dill. 51. 73.

Bryum triquetrum /3 Hudf. 490.

In marfhy places. The red kind is found In the mountain tor-
rents of Snowdon, and the green in high boggy heaths about London
and Oxford. Dill. Summer.

y Shoots proliferous,

Dill. 51. 74.

Shorter than the preceding. Capfules pear-fhaped, i. e. largeft at
the end. Leaves deeply keeled, doling together when dry, very
much crowded and compreffed. Stem and leaves at the bottom
black. Lids very Ihort and blunt. Dill.

Mnium triquetrum y Hudf. 491 .

Marfhy places. On Shooter’s Hill near Eltham, and in Wales.

Spring and Surnmer. Dill.

BRY'UM Zie'rii. Capfules*pendant, club-fiiaped, Ziers
long. Shoots cylindrical. Root-leaves expanding,
ipnger than the ftem-leaves. Dicks, ii. 8.

Dkkf. 4, 10, the capfules reprejented as terminating.

Shoots

C R Y P T O G A M I A.

Shoots fimple, upright, pointeJ, of a fleill-coioured wliitiih hue,
green towards the end. Leaves clofely tiled, prefTed to, egg-fhaped,
pointed, riblefs, tranfparent, the ends when dry reclining. Root-
leaves furrounding the fhoots, expanding, fpear-ftrap-fhaped, with
a rib, taper-pointed, thrice as long as the reft. Fridt-Jlalk from the
bafe of the plant, thrice as long as the fhoots. Capfuk dtprefTcd-
pendant, when moift rather upright, on a crooked iruit-ftalk, in
the dry plant club-fhaped, very much elongated and tapering at the
bafe, the furface fomewhat granulated. Fringe with many teeth.
Z.i<^ftiort pyramidal. Fei7 not obferved. Dicks.

Moifl banks in the Highlands. Near Aberfeldy. [Crib y Dddcil,
Caemarvonfnire. October. Mr. Griffith.]

1312. H Y P'N U M. Feathermofs.

Ess. Char. Capfule xmth a ltd. Veil fmooth. Fruit-.flalk
from the fides oj the ft em or branches, furrounded by an
Lmpalement at the bafe,

* Leaves winged.

Upright H Y P'N U M adiantoi'des. Plant winged ; branched ;
upright. Fiuit-flalks from the middle of the branches.—
DHL 3^. 3. — Vaill. 28. 5. — Buxb. ii. i.

Two or three inches long, ftraight ; wings 1 2 to 1 6 pair. Fruit-
I inch high. Neck.— Branched from the bafe. Leaves not
pointed. Capjules leaning. Lid red. Veil as long as the capfule.
Scop. In thisfpecies, as well as in the H. taxifolium and brycides,
tlie leafits are folded together lengthways, but not quite to the end.
In this and the H. lax folium, the leafits are ferrated at the ends, hut
in the H. bryoides taper-pointed and very entire, LEERs.-^Upright,
branched. Leaner fhining. Fridt-Jlalks red, lateral. Capjuks brown-
ifli, turning red. Lid fcarlet, pointed. Dill.

Bogs, moift heaths and moors. P, March April.

fpleenwort HYP'NUM afplemoi'des. Swartz.— Plant winged,
moflly fimple, ftrap-fliaped. Fruit-ftalb terminating.
Capfules lomewbat bowed in, toothed. Dicks, ii. lo.

Dickf 5. 5.

Habit that of H. adtantoides, but fmaller, and the fruit-ftalk always
terminating. Leaves tiled at the bafe, almoft embracing the ftem,
fjrear-niaped, bluntifli, fomewhat keeled, the mid-rib rcddifli, fome-

time§

M U S C I. Hypnum. 117

times rolled In at the ends. Lid, the beak oblique, white, as long
as the capfulc. Dicks, ^

Bogs in the Highlands, near Ben Lomond.

HYP'NUM bryoi'des. Plant not branched ; flioots fern-leaved
fpear-fhaped, winged. Fruit-ftalks terminating. —

Hedw. thsor. ii, 36 to 41. — Dill. 34. i, — Vaill. 24. 13. — FI. dan.

473, I . — H. o.x. XV. 6. row 4. 1 1. — Buxb. i- ^4- 3-. '

Very fmall, but diftingulfhed by its Capfules edged at the mouth,
with a deep red fringe. Linn. — The fmalleft of the Genus. Sbools
2 or 3 lines long. Lcojfti 7 or 8 pair. FmV-y?a/A'.? as long, or longer
than the fhoots, generally folitary. Caofules upright, egg-fhaped.

We IS. — Many growing together as if from one root, but each plant
has its feparate root, though fometimcs 2 or 3 flioots fpring
from one root. Shoots not branched, fhort, reclining. Leaves
green, not pellucid, Capfules fmall, . upright, oblong, green.

Veil very fmall, greenifh. Lid i'carlet. Fruit-Jlalks reddifh, iflTu'
ing from near the end of the fhoots, and without any evident
Empal. Dill.

Shady places,, woods, and ditch banks. A. Feb. — Mav.

HYP'NUM complana'tum. Plant winged ; branched ; flat
leafits tiled ; pointed; folded ; comprefled. —

Hedw.hifl. ii. 10, 62. — Dill. 34. 7. — Vaill. 23. 4; and 21, 17. —

H. ox. XV. 5. row 2. 5; and row^. 15. — (FI. dan. 706. i, in
- . therndexalthecndoffafc.xiu.p.i^,isanerror.J

Leafits fmallcr towards- the ends of the fhoots. Fruk-Jlalh from
thebafe. Cap/afc oval,' upright. Neck. — Fruit-Jlalks 10 tot 2 lines
long. Capfules leaning; mouth fringed. Neck. — Forming broad
leafy ftrata on the trunks of trees. Plant from i to 3 or 4 inches
long, creeping. Ijeafits alternate, in 2 rows, in the young fhoots
very clofely crowded. Fn/rV-TZafo-^ an inch high, numerous on the;
mid-rib, or from the forks of the branches. Fence large, hairy.

Capfules egg-fhaped. Lid conical, beaked. Veil bent. Weis.—

Shoots very much branched, fiatted. Branches {lender, thread-fhaped.

Weber. — Two or three inches long. BraticAw oppofite or alternate.

Leaves foft. pellucid, yellow green, fhining. Empal. fc^ly, Veil
flender, whitilh, crooked. Dii.l.

Trunks of trees. P. March, April.

. (3 Huds. — Branched and fhining. — Branchjes bent at the
ends. With.

Dill, 34. 8.

Adheres

ii8

CRYPTO G AMI A.

Adheres Jefs clofely than the preceding, the branches convex
above, confflve underneath, lefs compreffcd, (horter, blunter, more
bent at the ends. Dill. ' '

On trees, and alfo on the ground.

double-rowed. HYP'NUM dentlcula'tum. Plant fimple, winded;

with a double row of leafits on each fide. Fruit-ftalks
from the bafe of the leaf. —

Di’//. 34. 5. — H. ox. XV. 6. row i. 36.— Phi//. 29. 8.

Plant trailing ; from i to 2 inches long. Ca/>/. mouth fringed.
Neck.— Points of the leafits bent back. With.— Lea/n triangular
egg-lhaped, hooked. Weber. — Shoots feveral, lying on the ground-,
i to i^ inch long, feldom branched. Leaues in a double row on
each fide, foft, pellucid, fhining, pale green, pointed and bent back
towards the end. — Fruit-Jlalks horn, the bafe of the fhoots, reddilh,
an inch or more in length. Capjules oblong, ftraight, covered by the
veil, which is of a ftraw colour ; becoming bent as it approaches to
, maturity. Lid fhort. Dill.

Woods, and moift fhady places on the ground, and on trunks of

P. March, April.

wood H Y P 'N U M fylvat'icum. Plant winged ; branched ;
trailing. Leafits pointed. Fruit-ftalks from the middle
of the leaf. —

Dill. 34. 6.

Shoots branched. Branches undivided, few, not fiiim'ng. Fruit-
ftalks lateral. Lids of the capfule pointed. Dill.

Woods at the roots of trees. [Rivelfton Wood near Edinburgh.
Dr. J. E. Smith. — Near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.]

P. April, May.

yexo-leaved HYP'NUM taxifo'Uiim. Plant not branched; flioots
Ipear-lhaped, winged. Fruit-ftalks from the bafe of
the fhoots.—

Dill. 34. 2. — Vain. 24. II. — FI. dan. 473. 2.

Fruit-Jlalh 8 or lo lines high. Capf. lid very red. Neck. — Leafls
about 1 2 pair on each flioot, when young ; more in the older fhoots.
Fruit-Jlalks i an inch high, fenced at the bafe. Capjules near cylin-
drical, nodding, broaden at the mouth. Moiuh toothed. Lid
beak long. Fed turned up at the end. WEis.-Leflve5 fpcar-fiiaped,
with a point at the end. Weber. — Shoots feveral from one root, not
branched ; dark green. Empal. at the bafe of the fhoots, compofed of
afewfcales. Lid fcarlet, beak pointed, crooked. Fei/ pale. Dill.
Woods, hedges, and fhady banks. Peb. May.

I* Shoots

M U S C I. Hypnum. 119

** Shoots irre^lar, fir angling.

HYP'NUM fl/'fcicflTJi. Shoots nearly ilpright, {lender, zvhitijk
fomewhat branched. Leaves fpear-briftle-maped, laid-to.

Dicks. 6.

Din. 42. 63.

Shoots about 2 inches long, fcattered, almoft upright, but little .
branched, ycllowifh green mixed with white. Leaves fpear-fliaped,
briftly at the end, everywhere furrounding the ftem. Fruit-Jlalks
lateral, ^ inch high, upright, red ; but rarely found. Cap/afe^fmall,
oval, oblique, rather nodding; yellow red. Lid {hort. Month {ringed.

Dicks. — Scarcely upright, npt crowded together, a little branched,
ftioots flender, yellowifh pale green. Leaves (lender, preded to,
foft, (hining. Empalementh'diry. Dill.

In loofe fandy foil on heaths, and places thinly clothed with grafs,
but feldom with capfules. DiLL.'gag.— [Bungay Common, Suffolk.

Mr. Crowe. Mr. Stone.] May.

HYP'NUM chryfo'comum. Shoots upright, brtoched. yelloitf
Leaves oblong-fpear-fliaped, pointed, with many ribs;
open and rather bowed back. Dicks, ii. 1 2.

Dill. 39. 36.

Shoots thick, hairy, woolly on the lower and middle part. Leaves
crowded, bent back, dull green. I have notfeen it in fruit. Dill.

— Thefufcous woolly matter which furroundsthe (hoot is a conftant
attendant. Fhdt-ftalks at the bafe of the branches, golden red,,
hardly •§ inch long, crooked. Capfute golden yellow, globular.

Mr. Bradbury.

In bogs in the northern parts of Yorkfhire, and in moifi; places on
Glyder Mountain, Dill. — Boggy places in Scotland. Dicks. [On
bogs with the Mnium pahijlre in Greenfield, Saddleworth, Yorkfhire,
and Stayley, Chefhire. Nov. Mr, Bradbury.]

HYP'NUM crif'pum. Shoots branched; branches curled
fomewhat winged. Leafits waved ; flat.—

Dill. 36. \2.—Hcdw. hijl. ii. 8. 47.— Half. enum. 3. 5, at p. ion,
repr. in hijl. g, at iii. p. gb. — Happ. ii. Hypn. 5. — H. ox.

XV. 5. row 3. 10, p. 625.

The mofl elegant of the Genus. Grows in denfe broad firata.

Shoots a fpan long, Hat, a little railed. Leafits clofely tiled, alternate,
in 2 rows, fpcar-fhaped, blunt, fhining, wrinkled, Frmt-ftalh
inch long, lateral. Fence, leaves paler. Capfules nearly upright,

«gg-niaped. LiV( with a long beak. Veil long. Weis. — From 2 to
12 inches long, crowded and lying ona upon another, branches
compreffed, blunt, undivided, alternate or in pairs, l eaves ('.rilp,

Irani'

I 20

rambling

floating

c R Y P T O G A M I A.

tranjverfdy waved. The whole plant is pale peen in winter, yel-
lowtfh in fummer. Dill. ^

On chalk hills near Gravefend, and on ihe bank.s of the Thames
out ofthc tide's way, on St. Vincent's roclcs, and on the Welfh
mountains. [About Kirkby Lonfdaie, Weftmoreland. Dr I F

P. March, Aprii;

le ^ T ^ ^ flagella're. Shoots proftrate, below
engthened out, ver,- flender, naked, above curved, (iav-

cytdri^rh.'orih^^;

Dill. 39. 42.

On (tones near rivulets in the Highlands of Scotland.

T- • n » 3°- 3d-—Vdll 33. 6.

Jmtflalh very flender, rarely found in flower. NECK.-Fine

red in W plants very long, in others fcarcely an inch lone’

Capjvksrtd, hooVtd, very Ihort, fringed at the mouth L.l-l '

Shoots 10 to 16 inches long. Relh « 1010 L i. uT
Shnnfc . i ^ '•ti-H. n. loig. — ^Much branched.

hoots flender, a foot long or more, either upright or floating

Foundeis Clole, Cambridge. ^ ^ ®''“'

interwoven HYP'NUM inh-im'H.r^ c i- r

Dicks, ii. 10. on crooked fruit-ftalks.

Vdll. 28. 2

[Vv^oods near Matlock. Dr. J. E. Sm ith.J

fhlnln^

winged.

HY P'NUAI lu'cens. Branched Pv i r

■ Leafils dotted.- fomewhat

Dill. 34. 10.— Hedw. kijl. i. I. 4, r 6

Trailing. Bra/ic/irr brittle, blunt. Erouff epcr Th-a a ■ on

{hilling as if wet with dew. Iriii-fldls i

xi.ij itMs 1 3 „ich lung, lateral.

Capjuhs

M U S C I. HypnumT 12 1

Capfides ncxlding. Scop. — 5Aoo<s tiled. Leaves egg-lhaped, tranf-
parent, dotted. Weber. — about 2 inches long, foiUetimes
branched. Leaves large, thin, foft, pellucid, pale green; placed
alternately in 2 or 3 rows. Frmt-ftalks reddifh. Capjules fmall for
the fize of the plant, egg-lhaped, more or lefs nodding, dark brown.

Ud fpit-pointed. Veil ftraight, fharp, whitilh. Dill.

Woods, wet ditches, wet Ihady marlhy places. P. April — June*

HYP'NUM lutef'cens. Shoots ftraggling, trailing, yellow
Leaves awl-lliaped. Capfules oblique. Huds. ed, I. 421.

Relh. n. 1020.

Dill. 42. 60.

Leaves ending in a longhair. Weber.— Differs from H.feri-
ceum in the (hoots being longer, more flender and limber; the
branches more diftant and lefs crooked, the fruit-ftalks longer, the
leaves and the empal. longer ; the capfules rather fhorter, and bent;
the lid alfo bending. Fruit-ftalks from the fhoot as well as from the
branches. Dill.

7 H. Jerkeum. Hudf. ed. II. 506.

Chalk Hills between Northfieet and Gravefend, and on trunks of
trees near Woding and Beddington, Surry. Huds. — Gog'magog
Hills. Relh. . P. Jan.— April.

HYP'NUM me'dium. Shoots creeping, branched^ middle
Leaves broad, fpear-lhaped, pointed, tiled but open.

Capfules upright, cylindrical, fringed. Dicks, ii. 12.

Dill. 42. C5.

Crowded together. Leaves preffed to when dry. Fruilftalks lefs
than ^ an inch in length. Dill. >

The foot of trees in woods in Scotland.

H YP'NUM Shoots branched, lengthened lon^
out, rather bare below. Capfules egg-fliaped, fringed.

Fruit-ftalks afeending, fhort. Dicks, ii. 13.

D17/.38. 32; ani 85. 20.

Shoots 1 2 Inches or more in length, upright, in ftagnant, floating
in running water, clofely crowded, fending out a few fliort branches
towards the ends. Leawr numerous, fmall, tiled, under ones the
largeft. Empal. a fmall bulb, compofed of a few fhort fcales. Fnit-
Jlalks fhoTt. Capjules fmaU. Dill.

Alpine rivulets in Scotland. On Ben Glow.

Vol. III.

I

HYP'NUM

J.22

CRYPTOGAMIA,

round leaved HYP'NUM rotundifo'Uum. Scop. n. 1333. — Shoots
creeping, branched. Leaves oval, expanding,'in 2 rows.
Capfules egg-lhaped, toothed and fringed, on crooked
fruit-ftalks. Dicks, ii. 10.

5co;>. 62. 1333, of ii. p. 321. .

Shoots flender, hardly i inch long, not numerous, Leaves thinly
fet. Capfules reddilh ; mouth with 2 rows of fringe. Lid with a
flender beak. Fe// white, chaffy. Scop.

Woods at the roots of trees, Scotland, [and on walls. Scop.]

wi inkle d HYP'NUM rugo'Jum. Shoots fcattered, rather up-
right. Leaves pointing one way, bowed back, wrinkled
at the bafe. —

Di/1. 37. 24.

rigid, brittle, dry ; branches irregular, or winged, moftly
bent at the ends. Leaves fpear-lhaped, narrow, ftiarply pointed,
clol'ely tiled. Pollich. — Shoots feldom more than 3 inches long,
thick, lying on the ground, crowded together. Irregularly branched.
Leaves exceedingly crowded, dry, crifp, their points inonediredlion,
yellow green, when old or dry quite yellow. The fruit-bearing
4)lants grow a little diftant. from .the. others,, and have a different
appearance. They are thinner, more pointed ; the leaves more
uniform, and lefs yellow. Empal. open, fcaly at the origin of the
branches. Frmt-Jlalls !■ of an inch high. Capfules cylindrical,
ftraight, flender, red when ripe. Dill.

In bogs in Scotland. Near Loch Rannoch. Dicks.

tootned HYP'NUM rutab'alum. Branches ftraggling ; partly
creeping. Leaves egg-fliaped ; fliarp-pointed ; tiled. —

^ Buxb. iv. 62. 2.— FI. dan. 82/^. 2, — H. ox. xv. 6. row 5. 10.
—Vaill, 27. 8. ^Dill. 38.. 2g, capfules the befl, but the.jhools, cs
Haller remarks f are tOQ round. — H. ox. xv. 6. 33.

^Leaves- pellucid.; Capfule^ mouth fringed. Neck.— Refembling
the H. triquetrum, hxit much Ihorter, not reddilh, but yellowifh;

. branches more upright and cylindrical. Fridt-flalhs Ihortcr, more
nurfierous. Capfules nodding. Mouth frineed. Weis.— Leaves tri-
angular, ^een, Ihining when dry, not kcekd. Capfules dark brown,
Ihmmg. Dill... ■

Woods and hedges, on the roots and trunks of trees, and Ihrubs :
on the ground m barren- places. p_ Sept.— Jan

,.0 Huds.— Upright, Ihort. Leaves flender.

,..JVIarlhy places. DHLin k, fyn. p. 83. n. 18.
vTIucs.^r-^anches emoked.;. leaves expanding. jLmfpit-pointed.

123

M U S C I. Hypnum.

£^ll. 38. 30, not qmte chara&erijitc. — Vaill, 27. i,-^HeJw. hiJl. ii. i.

1 , a tranfuerfe fe^ion of the bulb of, the fruil-Jlalk. — H. ox. xv. 5.
mtJ 3. 8. />. 625.

Slender, creeping, matted together, irregularly branched. Leaves
fmall, triangular, pale green. Fruit-Jialks a to of an inch in length.

Capfules fwollen, fhort, nodding. Empal. flender, fcales narrow,
ending in hairs. Dill.

Wo^s and bufhes, on the roots and trunks of trees. Dill.

P. Jan.

c Huds. — Shoot creeping. Leaves keeled.

Dili 38. 3 1 .

Adhering to ftones under water, in broad patches, i or 2 inches
or more in length, according to the rapidity of the ftream. Branches
upright, cylindrical below, flat above. Leaves egg-fpear-lhaped,
clofely tiled, 2-rowed, and lefs com pa(fl,ed upwards. Fniit-flcdhs on
the ftem between the Ihoots, and from the bofom of the leaves.

Capfules fhort, thick, nodding. Lid beaked. Mouth, fringe long.

Weis. — Leavci deep dull green. Fndt-ftalks ^ an lnch high. Dill.

In ri^nilets and waters in Yorlcfhire. Dill.

The fhoots are often incrufted with calcareous earth, which in
time it accumulates fo as to form ftones of 20 or 30 pounds
weight. Weis.

HYV'^VM Jlella'tum. Shoots upright. Leaves
egg-fhaped, ending in long points, upright-open, coloured.

ScHREB. fptc. 92. 72. Io6l.

Dirkf. I. 7. — Dill. 39. 35. — VaiU. 28. 10.

Shoots fomewhat branched, fomewhat tawney at the bafe, yellow-
ifh at the end. Leaves fpear-awl-lhaped, the ends ftanding out.

Fruk-ftalks few, lateral, nearly an inch long, almoft upright,
red. Capfules egg-fhaped, hunched, rather bowed in. Lid fhort,
pointed, diftinguifhable at firft fight from H. cufpidatim, by the
leaves at the ends of the ftems not being rolled in, but expand-
ing. Dicks.

Turfy bogs. Relh. n. 1018. — [Low wet meadows in Earlham,
near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.]

HYP'NUM tri'quetrum. Branches ftraggling, bowed trtanfnlar
back. Leaves egg-fhaped, bowed back, open. —

DiU.^'i. 28.—Hedu\ hijl. i. j.— Vaill. 28. g.—Buxb. iv. 63. i. _

Branches unequal. Leaves triangular, pointed. Linn . — Spreading
to a foot in lengh, reddifh, elaftic, riling upwards. Leaf ts ending
in a fharp point. Fndt-flalhs 1 or 2 inches high, riling out of a fcaly
fence in the angles of the branches; upright. Cflp/u/ef leaning.

^ 2 Mau'.k

124

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Mouth with a ting; fringed. Veil bent. Weis. — Often grows
upright. Branches frequently bent to the ground, their extremities
taking root. Leaves broad, triangular, not keeled, tender, pellucid,
pale green; pointed. Enpal. rigid, oblong, compofed of refledled
fcales, fometimes 2 or 3 together. Fruit-Jlalks feldom more than an
inch high. Capfules upright, thin; when ripe thicker, leaning,
crooked. Dill.

Woods about the roots of trees, and in dry barren paftures.

P. Sept. — ^Jan.

Ufed to pack glafs and earthen ware. Weis.

waved HYP'NUM uwt/w/aVwtn. Shoots branched ; branches
fomewhat winged* Leafits waved and folded. —

Dill. 36. II. — H. ox. XV. 6. 33.

, Truit-jlalhs from the bafe and the middle. Leajits 2 rowed. Neck.

A fpan long, lying flat. Leajits clofely til^d, in a double or triple
feries; when dry pale green and filky. Wzis. —Fruit-Jlalks long,
flender, reddifli. Veil ftraw-coloured, with a brown fpot at the end.
Capfules oblong. Lid fpit-pointed. Mouth fringed. Fence, leaves
narrow, fhort, bent back. Dill. — Capfules very crooked when ripe.
Weber.— Sto not always branched; its rib yellowifli. Leaves
tender, pellucid, fmooth, fliining, pale green, not changing colour
when dry. Empal. lateral, and in the angles of the branches, com-
pofed of fhort, narrow reflected fcales. Fruit-Jlalks if to 2 inches
long. Capfules ruft-coloured, crooked when ripe. Lid pointed. Dill.

Woods, fhady places, and moift rocks. On the top of Snowdon.
[Rivelfton Wood, near Edinburgh. Dr. J. E. Smith.]

P. March — April.

* * * Shoots winged.

able'thum. Shoots wdnged ; fomewhat
cylindrical, diflant, unequal. —

Dill.^i{. 17. — Vaill.an. 19 U

matted together, half upright, fometimes branched.

3

M U S C I. Hypnum. 125

3 to 5 inches long. Side fhoots awl-fhaped, numerous, oppofitc,
furrounded on every fide by fmall dull yellow green leaves. No
frutflification yet found. Dill.

Mountainous places. On hills near Hinkfey, Oxfordlhire. Dill.

— In dry fhady places, and on Chalk hills about Northfleet. ,

P. March.

HYP'NUM Crifta-cq^ren'fis. Shoots winged. Little crejled
branches near together ,• bowed back at the ends. —

Vaill. 2 j. 14. — Dill. 36. 20.' — H. ox. xv. 5. 12, if the plant, is a bad
repre/entation of it.

It very much refembles an oftrich feather from its Ihining parallel
rays, by which, and by its filky hue, it is readily diftinguifhable.

Fruclif cations feldom to be met with. Linn.— Shoots yellow green,
or dirty white. Fmit-ftalks ■§ inch to inch long ; from the bafe of the
branches. Neck. — Grows in broad patches, reclining, flat, one
plant over another. Leafits hooked, very fharp. Branches trian-
gular, the ends bent back. Eis.— Branches crowded, ends refledted.

L^oues numerous, bent back, yellowilh green; downy, crifp. Dill.

Chalk hills, rocks, about the roots in dry woods and ftony foils.

[Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.] P. March, April.

HYP'NUM fllc'lnum. Shoots winged ; , little . bog
branches diftant ; Leafits tiled, bowed inwards; fharp,
pointing one way.

Vaill. 29. 9. — Dill. 36. 19. — Vaill. 23. 12, isconfidered by Dill, as.a
variety of it, but it has rather the appearance of a different f pecks.

Fertile fhoots trailing, the barren ones upright. Fruit-Jlalks i or 2
inches long; from the bofom of the branches; coloured. Neck.

— Shoots from 3 to 6 inches, undivided, winged. • Wings leafy.

Fruit-ftalks from the middle of the fhoots, one or more in a place.

F«72ce hairy. Cap/a/es leaning. Li'd conical, fhort, blunt. Weis. —

Sometimes branched ; always fending out numerous lateral fhoots,
which are fhortcr as they grow nearer to the end of the ftem. Leaves
very numerous, pleafaiit green, narrow, bent back. Dill.

Marfhy places, and near fprings. [Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.]

P. March. Huns. — Summer. Dill.

/3 Huds. 498. Smaller; yellow green.

Dill. 36. 21.

Leaves ydlov/ green, fmooth, narrow, fpit- pointed, upper ones
ftraight, lower ones moftly bent back. Fruit-Jlalks often twifted and
varioufly bent, reddifh, inch long. Empal. pyramidal, fcaly and
hairy. Dill.

Wet heaths and other marfhy places. Early in the fpring.

Iq HYP'NUM

125

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Jkining H Y P ' N U M ni'tens. Branches very fhort. Leaves
fpear-awl-fhaped, fliining-. Linn, the Son.

Dill a9- S7 -—VailL 27. ii, is thought by Dtlknius to be the
pbnt.

Shoots upright, i to 3 inches high. Branches lateral Leaves clofely
fet. fruk-ftalks terminating and alfo from the forks of the branches.
Capfuks egg-fhaped, leaning when ripe. Lid fhort, conical, pointed.
Mouth entire. We b e r . — Leaves very narrow, almoft hair-like. Empal.
very long. Dill.

In turf bogs, Scotland. I>cks. ii. 12.

wall HYP'NUM tarieti'num. Shoots nearly flat, and
winged, lengthened out. Fruit-ftalksfevcral together.—
Voill 29. I. Dill 35. 13. — Hedw, hijl. ii. 4. 13, a perpendicular
‘Jeefion of the lid.-^Buxb. ii, i. 2, and ii. 2. 1. — Happ. r.
Jfypn. 3.' Vail. 29. i. Buxb. iv. 65. 3, is H. rulabulnm,
' Buxb. cent. t. 28. f. i, in FI. fuec. is an error for Vaill. t.
28. f. I ; and Buxb. cent. ii. 2 and which is a Bryuvi in Sp.
pi Jyft. veg. and pi. is a fimilar error for Vaill. t. 28. f. i,
ox. xy. 5. 20, is H. proliferum. — Vaill 23, 9, h a different
fpecies. — Vaill 25. i, is H. proliferum.

Fruit-Jlalks 4, 5, or more together, at the bafe of the branches ;
about 15 lines long. — Shoot bent at the places where the branches
ifTue out, fo as to be zigzag. Very like the JJ. proliferum in its mode
of growth, and in the proliferous fhoots fending out other fimilar
fhoots, but the leafits are more diftincit, lefs compacted together,
of a pale green with a filky glofs.WEis. — S/ioo/j lying on the ground,
from a fpan to a foot long, confifting of 3 or 4 parts, fhewing the
annual increafe, and as it grows in length at one end, the other end
is converted into roots. Branches winged. The new fhoot puts forth
in the fpring not from the end of the old one, but near to its end ;
is very denfely cloathed with leaves, and after a time fends out
branches. Dill.

Woods, heaths, and fhady places. p, Feb, March.

It is ufed in Sweden to fill up the chinks in the walls of timber
houfes.

winged ^YP'^UM penna'tum. Plant winged, branched.
Leafits tiled, pointed, in 2 row^s, comprefled, waved.
Fence as long as the fruit-fhlk. Dicks. 5.

Hedw. firp. 3, zo.-^Dichf i.'s.

Differs from H. complanalum as follows. Leaves tranfverfely waved,
not longer than the empal. Differs from F. pennafa in the

capfuls

M U S C Hypnumr

127

capfule being-longer-than t^^empal. Dicks.— Branches v&y -fhort,
expanding. r/oKATi ftiom the bofom ot the leaves. Hepwig,.

[Trunks of trees in woods between Troutbeck and Amblefidc,
Wcftmoreland. Dr. J. E. Smith.]

HYP'NUM plumo'fum. Shoots winged ; "creeping.

Branches crowded. Leafits tiled ; awl-lhaped. Capfules
upright.—

Dill. 35. ifi.

Shoots a fpan long. Leafits very minute, very clofely tiled, ending
in a very fine hair, wlience Its downy appearance. Fruit-fialks not
■I an inch long. Capfule egg-oblong. Ud fmall, conical. Mouth
fringed. Weis.— SAoois about a fpan long, brownilh, with dark ruft-
colouredwool underneath, by which it adheres clofely. Branches
from each fide of the fhoot, generally undivided, cloathed with
very flender foft and Ihining leaves. Empak hairy. Dill.

H. Jertceum 0 Hudf. 506.

Trunks and roots of trees in Enfield Forcft, and on brick walls
about London. Dill.

HYP'NUM pralon'gum. Shoots fomewhat winged ; trailing
trailing; little branches remote. Leafits egg-fliaped.

Capfules on crooked fruit-ftalks. —

Dill. 35. 15. — Vcdll. 23. Q.—Buxb. iv. 63. 3.

This fpecies it is not fo difficult to diftinguiffi by the eye as by
words, hiss.— Leafits ferrated. Fruit-fialks i inch long, from the
fides of the {boots. Creeping along the ground for a foot or more.

Neck.— At firft fight diftinguifhable from all the other Hypnums
by its (boots being very long, very clofely crowded together, cover-
ing the trunks of trees in broad patches and hanging down. Shoots
trailing, very tender, brittle when dry, a fpan long, or more,
clinging to the trees by means of numerous brown woolly fibres.

Leafits fmall, triangular, ending in a hooked hair; alternate, in a
double row. Weis.— From a fpan to a foot in length; doubly
winged. Leaves very fmall, triangular. Fruit fiedks an inch long,
purple. Capfules dull green, brown when ripe; fbort, leaning.

FetV pale green, ftraight. Dill. ,

Trunks of trees, rotten wood, and wet ground. [Bungay, •

Suffolk. Mr. Stone.] P. Odl.— Feb,

HYP'NUM prolif'erum. Shoots proliferous ; nearly proliferous

flat and winged. Fruit-ftalks feveral together. —

Curt. i. 2.— Dill. 35. I ^.—VailL 25. i .— H. ox. xv. 5, mo 3. 20.

— Town. 326. c. — Gcr. 1372. 7, cop. in Ger, em, 15G1. 7,

Park.

128 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Tarh. 1310. 3, and in J, B. Hi; 765. ox. xv. 5. 21, and

VailL 23. gi referred to by Haller, and in Mant. pi. is clearly a
different fpecies.J

Its ftrudure is very fingular ; one large compound jhoot proceeding
from the middle or difk of another, and this repeated feveral times
in the fame plant. Linn. — A fpan long or more, doubly winged,
Leajfti very minute, very clofely tiled. Fmit-ftalhs zn inch long, (or
more,) from the middle of the fhoot, and from the rib of the
branches i to 3^ (4 or 5) in a place. Fence large, conical, hairy.
L,id coniczl, pointed. Peil oblique. Weis. — Fruit-Jlalks upright at
the bafe, furrounded by a leafy empal. Capfules leaning, reddilh,
thick. Mouth, fringe In a double row. — Leaves fo minute as hardly
to be well diftinguiflied by the naked eye. Capfides reddifh, at firft
ftraight, then crooked. £nipa/. rough with hair. Dill.

Heaths and thick fhady woods.

P. Dec.— Feb. Curt. — Autumn— April. Dill.

Covers the furface of the earth in the thickeft woods through which
the fun never fhines, and where no other plant can grow. Linn.

**** Leaves bent bach

hooked H Y P ' N U M adun'cum. Shoots nearly upright ;
fomewhat branched. Leaves pointing one ■way ; awl-
Ihaped; bowed back. Branches bowed back. —

Dill. 37. 26.

Fruit-Jlalks 2 inches high, or more. Branches hooked at the ends.
Leafits much bent back, diftinguifh it from the H. flicinuni. Neck.
— Refembles the H. cuprejjiforme, but the fhoots are more ftraight,
lefs branched ; leaves longer, hooked, their ends pointing one way ;
fruit-ftalks twice as long, rifing as well from the middle of the
fhoot as from the bofom of the branches. The fhoots are remarkably
rigid. Fruit-Jlalks 2 inches long, rifing out of a flender, fhort, fcaly
cmpal. Capjules egg-fhaped, diftended, leaning. Lid conical,
fhort, blunt. ^\'eis. — Plant yellowifh or tawney when growing out
of water. Ray. — Empal. oblong, flender, fcaly. PeiV ftraight.

Xofver leaves lefs hooked than the upper ones. Dill.

Marfhy and watery places, bogs, and wet paftures. [Turf pits
on Ellingham and Geldeftone fens. Mr. Stone.] P.Apr. — Aug.

.comprejffed

H Y P'N U M compref'fum. Shoots
preflTed. Leafits lharp ; bowed inwards,
upright, egg-fhaped. —

winged ; com-
Capmles nearly

Dill. 36. 22.'

Refembles the H. flicinum in the crifp appearance of its leaves,
its ivinged fhoots and greenifli yellpvy colour, but It is much fhorter,

lefs

M U S C I. Hypnum,

129

'lefs branched, its branches more creeping and forming a more

acute angle with the ftem.'-Le^^ti hooked, ending in hairs. Fniit-
only an inch long. Capjules thick, egg-lhaped. Weis. Two
or three inches long, tender, comprefled. Lecwes narrow, in two
rows, fliarp, points bent backwards, pale green, foft, ftiining.

Frmt-Jlalh i inch long, reddifh. Capjules oblong egg-lhaped, green,
upright, yellow red and inclining when ripe. Dill.

Woods on the trunks of trees and on young twigs. In a wood
near Tottenham. Dill. March, April. In Summer. Weis.

HY M. cuprejfifor'me. Shoots fomewhat winged, cyprefs
Leaves pointing one way ; bowed back ; awl-lhaped at the
end. — :

FI. dan. 555-— Dill. 37. 2^.—Vaill. 27. 13.— PM. 447. 6, til
done. — H. ox. xv. 5, row 2. 8.

Shoots irregular, yellow green ; pellucid. Fruit-Jlalks from the
bafe of the branches, and often twice their length. Neck.— Stem 2
to 4 inches long, creeping, irregular. Branches irregular, very leafy.

Leafts very denfely tiled, hooked- and hairy at the .end. Fruit-Jlalks
from the principal ftem, an inch long. Capjules cylindrical, at firft
upright, leaning and bent when ripe. Lid Ihort, conical, pointed.

Veil, whilft young, ftraight, oblong. Weis. — Stem ftratified, form-
ing large and denfe patches ; 2 or 3 inches long, irregularly branch-
ed. Leaves fmall, crowded, foft, ending in hooked points, plea-
fant green, fmooth. Upper branches thick, bent at the ends ,
lower ones thinner and ftraighter. The plant has the appearance of
crifpnefs, but is not really fo. Dill.

Woods at the roots of trees, and on thatch. R.Jyn. Sr.

P. Feb. — March.

H Y P ' N U M lo'reum. Shoots creeping. Branches spreading
draggling ; upright. Leafits pointing one way. Capfules
roundifh. —

Dill. 39. ^O.—Vaill. 25. 2.-—H. ox. XV. 5, roiv the lajl, 24, p. 626.

— Buxb. iv. 64. I . — Ger. 1 370. i .

Fruit-Jlalks from the bafe of the branches. Neck. — Nearly allied to
the H. JquarroJum. Ends of the branches thickeft, bent back. Weis.

— Fruit-Jlalks more than an inch high, from the ftem between the
branches, upright. Capjules egg-fhaped, leaning. Shoots near a foot
long or more, the rib rigid, brittle, furrounded by pale green
leaves, thofe towards the end bent back. Dill.

On the mountains in Crevetenan Ballenahinch In the county of
Pown, Ireland; in hilly lituations near Gloceftcr, Dill. In the

mountainous

130

CRYPTOGAMIA.

mountainous woods of Brcadalbane. Mr. Stuart in fi.Jcot. — [Near
Amblefide, Weftmoreland. Dr. J. E. Smith.] P. April.

marjh paluf'tre. Shootscreeping. Branches

crowded; upright. Leaves egg-fhaped; pointing one
way. Capfules nearly upright. —

Dill. 37. 2 7.

Branches nearly the length of the fruit-ftalKs. Neck.—
upright, comprelTed, from t to r inch high, numerous. Leaves
in a double or triple feries, fharp, hooked. Weekr.— Shoots {lender,
creeping, with few leaves, and thofe Ihrivelled. Branches generally
limple, ihort. Leaves dull green, hooked at the end. Fruit-Jlalks
from the bafe of the branches, red, longer than the branches. Cabf.
oblong, a little inclining, brown when ripe. Lid larger in diameter
than the capfule. FriZ ftraight, pale. Dill.

In wet places. On the banks of the Thames near Batterfea. Dill.
At the roots of trees and in wet ftony places. Huns. — [Water
fall at Rollin near Edinburgh. Dr. J. E. Smith.] P, Jan.— April.

fcorpm HYP'NUM fcorphi'da. Branches ftraggling ;
trailing ; bowed back. Leaves pointing one way, taper-
ing to a point. — .

Di7/.37, 25.

Branches brown, hooked, and yellow at the ends. Linn. — Shoots
trading, cylindrical, i to 3 inches long. Branches rifing upwards,
^ick, berit and thicker at the ends, about i inch long. Leaves fpear-
fhaped, often ending in hairs, wrinkled at the bafe. Fridt-ftalks ^
to I inch high. Capfides cylindricRl, flender, leaning. Lii pointed.
M^fHvith a white fringe. WEEER.-The barren plants are longer
and thicker than the fertile plants, colour dark red, the ends purple

and green. The fertile plants are entirely green, except here and
there a little purple. Dill.

Turfy bogs and marfhes. Near Bifhop’s Callle, Shroplliire, and
about Penter, near Bangor. Near Nonvich, and in the North of
Lnglan^- and at Corriattachan in Strath Swandie in the Ifle of
Sxy. [Turf pits on Ellingham and Geldeftone fens. Mr. Stone.]

P. Nov. — April.

feurjy H Y P'N U M fquarro'fum. Branches ftraggling. Leaves
egg-flnped, awl4haped at the point, bent back in difFe-
' Leaves fpear-fhaped, between

folded and keeled, bowed back in 5 direftions. Syfl. ve^.
FI dan. 535. i.-Dill. 39.38--H. o-x-. xv. 5, row 2. a.-FL
dati. 6^8.3, ill done.— ^(Biixb.iv.Q^, is Bryum fqnai rofum.)

Branches

J

M U S C I. Hypnum,

Branches fcurfy on all fides. Liss. fuec. n. 1027. — Often 6 inches
long, creeping, rib a beautiful purple, (hi ning through' the interftices
of the leaves. Leaves ending in a {harp point, as fine as a hair.
fiiat-Jlaiis I inch to I ihighy ftraight, fpringing from a cylindrical,
fcaly and hairy fence. Capjules egg-lhaped, leaning. Lid blunt.

Mou{h wide open, fringe yellow. I have found capfules in July.

Weis. Dill. — Cap/H/es rarely met with. Ray.

Moi{l meadows and pafhires. P. March — ^Junc.

3 Linn. — Smaller. Leaves triangular, open, refledlcd. Dill.

VaiU. 27. 5.— Dill. 39. 39.

Not much different from (a) except in- the leaves being fmaller,
paler, clofer fet, and more bent back. Weis. — ^The Cap/a/es toe are
fmaller, and the lid {harper. Dill.

Wet places.

HYP'NU M t/iVicw/o'/am. Shootscreeping. Branches tzmg
draggling ; cylindrical. Leafits open, taper-pointed. —

Z)i7/. 39. 43. — H.ox. XV. row i. 7. — Vcdll.z^. i, leaves too
pointed. Is is not H. Jlellare of Weber? — Pluk. 47. 4. — Hedw.
Ujl.u^.ii.a.b.

Sftoots {fraight, crowded ; 2 or 3 inches long ; ftiff. Fruit-Jlalksx
or 2 inches high, from the tides of the branches. Neck. — Covering
the trunks of trees in large patches. Stems fibrous, creeping, very
long, branched. Branches upright, when dry cylindrical, and twi{led
like a rope. Leafts nearly triangular, the upper ones largeft. Fruit-
ftdks about an inch high, riling from the bofom of the branches, out
of fmall hairy fcaly fences. Capfules fmall, Ihining. Lid very Ihort,
conical, pointed. MoatA fringed when magnified, fmooth to the
naked eye. W e is. — Fnut-ftalks and Capfules upright. Appears crifp
when dry. Leaves triangular, keeled, pointed but not hairy. Dill.

On trunks of trees, and fometimes on the ground on the Chalk
hills between Northfleet and Gravefend. Dill. 307. — [By the
North Weft comer of the bridge at Kirkby Lonfdale; and in
Armingdale Wood, near Norwich. Dr. J. E. Smith. — Earlham,

Suffolk. Mr. Stone.] P. March, April.

***** SJioots tree-like, the branches bundled.

HYP'NUM alopecu'rum. Shoot upright. Branches fox-tail
in bundles ; terminating ,- fub-divided. Capfules rather
nodding. —

Dill. 41. 49. — Faill. 23. 2, is clearly this plant, though referred by
Dill, to H. rutabtdum. — VaiU. 23. 5.— ox. xv. 5. rmv thelajl,

30. — (H. ox. XV. 5. row 4. 23, is Jaid by Dill, to be a variety of
this ‘ hnt cn the atohenrity of Bebart's herbarium, but it Jeems to be
H. mtahlur.i.J Leaves

132

CRYPTOGAMIA.

L«ayei of the ftem open. Linn. — Grows like a little tree. Neck.
— In its tree-like mode of growth it refembles the H. dmdroides, but
the fhoots are longer, the trunk is taller, the branches expand more,
and are more frequently branched again ; the extremities arc not
ftraight, but hanging down, and the leaves expanding. When dry
the leaves bend back at the points, but in the H. dmdroides they lie
clofe prelled to. Weis. — Fvuit-Jlalks an inch high. C<2p_/w/e5 leaning,
Lii with a long flender beak. Haller, — Stevi 4 or 5 inches high,
covered with whitifh pointed fcales. Leaves ferrated. Frmt-Jlalks
fhorter than the branches, bent. Cap/a/es egg-fliaped, LiW, beak bent.
Leers.— light red, rifing from a trailing root. Leaves hrozd
at the bafe, tapering to a point, alternate. Empal, fcales ending in
hairs, compaift. Dill.

^ Moift and fhady places at the roots of trees, and by. the fides of

rivers.

P. March, April.

tree ^ HYP'NUM dendroi'des. Shoot upright. Branches
in bundles, terminating; moftly fimple. Capfules
upright.—

Dill. 40. 48. Fl. dan. 823. 2. — FI. ox. xv. 5. row 5. ^x.^Tourn.

326, no capfules.— Vaill. 26. 6.—Happ. i. Hypn. i.

Leaver of the ftem lying clofe. Linn. — Primary fhoot trailing.
Neck. Readily dillingnilhed by its ftems clofely compared toge-
ther, its fhrub-like appearance, frora"2 to 4 inches high, terminated
by a bulb of branches. Branches upright, cylindrical, fmooth,
pointed at the end.^ Leafts egg-fpear-fhaped, pointed, flat, clofely
tiled. Weis. Fruit-ftalks more than an inch long, from the bafe of
Ae branches; upright. Capfules Render, upright. Lid conical,
ihort. Pei'/flender. Dill. — Fruit flalks longer than the Ihoots. Veil
covering the whole capfule. Leaves a little ferrated. Leers.

Moift woods and fhady places about the roots of trees, and in moift

P. Feb. March. -

fair HYP'‘NUM pulchel'lum. Shoots crowded, upright.
Branches fomewhat bundled, ftrap-lhaped. Fruit-ftalks
ong. Gaplules upright, fomewhat oblique. Dicks, ii. iq.

invcrfcly egg-(haped. Fringe toothed. Lid
pnidal. none on the f{)ccimcns. Dicks.

Shady woods, Scotland.

HYP'NUM

M U S C I. Hypnum. 133

HYP'NUM Smith'll. Shoots winged, branching hairy-veiled
on all Tides. Leaves nearly circular, fomewhat con-
cave. Capfules egg-cylindrical. Veil hairy upwards.

Dicks, ii. lo.

Didf. 5. 4. _

Deep green. Shoots hard, woody, pointed; in the middle, or
towards the end bowed in. Brandes, if prefTed dow'n recovering
their former direction, on the prefTure being removed. Wings
Ihap-Qiaped, bowed in and curled at the ends. Leaves tiled-open,
prefTed to at the bafe. Empal. cylindrical, the leaves egg-fpear-
fhaped ending in hairs. Fruit-Jiolks numerous, folitary, very fhort.

Capfules upright, egg-fhaped, nearly cylindrical, reddifh brown,
fhining, fmge obfcurely toothed. roundilh, with a beak a
little oblique. Feil (lanting. Dicks.

Trunks of trees near Barham Downs, Kent. Dr. J. E. Smith.

****** Shoots nearly cylindrical.

HYP'NUM attenua'tum. Sghreb. too. — Shoots tapering
branched. Branches bowed in, fometimes _ tapering,
fometimes thickening. Leaves egg-flaaped, pointing one
way. Capfules upright, tooth fringed. Dicks, ii. 13*

Hediv.Jlirp. i. 12. — Dill. 42. 66, the leaves bad. Hedwig.

■ Iruit-ftalks upright, lateral. Veil (lender, twilling. Capfules cylin-
drical. Ifi, beak blunt. Fringe double, outer row of teeth 16.

Hedwig.— Rather thick, much branched, yellow green, tawney
when dr\\ Dill. — In large patches on the trunks of beeches, par-
ticularly on the Northern fide. Dill.

Woodson trunks of trees, Scotland.

HYP'NUM atro-vi'rens. Shoots creeping, branched, blackifkgreen
thread-lhaped. Leaves egg-fpear-fhaped, limber. Cap-
fules inverfely egg-fhaped, fringed, on crooked fruit-ftalks.

Dicks, ii. 10.

Dill. 43. 67.

Slender, irregularly branched. Leaves very fmall, loofely dif-
pofed, dull green and pellucid when wet, opake and blackifli when
dr^'. Empal. pale, llender, fixed near to the origin of the branches.

Frmt-flalhs blackilh. Cap/w/w fmall, black. deciduous. Dill.

Woods at the roots of trees, Scotland.

HYP'NUM curtipen'dulum. Shoots flraggling, cylin- pendulous
clrlcal. Leaves egg-lhaped, pointed, open. Capfules
pendant. —

Dnl. 43. 69.

Docs

'34

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Docs not flower when young. Frmt-jlalks not more than ^ inch
long; from the bofom of the branch^. Capfuies yellowifli when
ripe. Neck. — From 2 to 4 inches or more in length. Wide-fpread-
ing, much branched, rigid. Leaves ending in a {harp halr-Iike
point, clofely tiled, broader and more denfc at the ends of the
{hoots, fo as to give them a blunt club-like appearance. Fruit-Jlalhs
hardly ^ inch long, moftly 2 together, upright. Capfuies cylindrical
at firfl:, and upright; when ripe egg-fhaped and pendant. Lid
{hort, beaked. Fence rifing nearly up a third of the fruit-ftalk.
Weis. — Recumbent, matted together. Shoots thick, rigid, irregu-
larly branched. Leaves green, numerous. Empal, long, pointed.
Capfuies yellowilh. Dill.

On the trunks of beeches, in woods. On flumps in Enfield Foreft,
near Southgate, and in Yorklhire. On large ftones on the Marl-
borough Downs, Wiltlhire, and on the rocks of Snowdon. Dill.

P. Feb. — ^April.

pointed HYP'NUM cu/jDiVaVwm. Shoots ftraggling ; pointed
at the ends by the edges of the leaves rolled intvards. —
Dill. 39. 34. — Buxb. ii. 3. i and 2. — fVaill. 28. 1 1 , cannot be the
plant, the points of the leaves being bowed back, and feems more to
refemble H. rdtens of Schpeb. figured in Dill. 39. 37. — Buxb.
ib.p^morerefemblesH. riparium; and 4, H.purum. — Happ.ii.
Hypn, 4, is a different fpecies.)

Fruit ftalks in the bofom of the branches ; very long. Stalks when
old, reddifh black, by which it is diflinguilhed from H. compreffum.
Neck. — ^The {harp rigid points at the ends of the middle and
terminating flioots, afford a ready mark of diftintftion. From i to
4 inches high. Fmit-flalks 2 or 3 inches long, upright, lateral.
Fence fcaly, long. Capfuies egg-lhaped, tliick, a little bent; leaning.
LtW blunt, fhort, fcarlet. Moa/Hringed. Weis. — Palegreen,yel-
lowilh or reddifh when in fruit. Leaves alternate, thin, pellucid,
{hilling. Dill.

Bogs, marfhes, wet pafturcs and moifl woods. P. March — May.

ijUndrlcal HVP'NUM ^’Un'dricum. Shootscreeping. Branches
and capfuies cylindrical. Leaves clofely tiled, egg-
lhaped, pointed. Dicks, ii. 12.

Dill. 41. 57.

Shoots (on the ground) fometimes branched, foft, Ihining, pale
green or yellowifli. Leaves narrow, not hairy, prefled to. Fruit-Jlalks
reddifh, i-gd of an inch long. Capfuies upright, {lender, cylindrical.
LiWj pointed. Dill.

Woods on the trunks of trees, Scotland.

HYP'NUM

M U S C I. Hypnuin. 135

HYP'NVM flamento’fnm. Shoots a'owded, thread- thready
fliaped, branched. Capfules egg-lhaped, fringed. Fence
buib-like. Dicks, ii. ii.

Dill. 36. 18.

Crowded, comprefled, clofely interwoven, fo that it is hardly
poflible to extricate a fingle plant. Shoots and branches cylindrical,
not thicker than a.ftrong fewing thread. Fruit-jlalks purple, an inch
long. Capjdes (lender, ftraight, reddifh and bent when ripe. Empal.
oblong, large, compofed of unequal fcales. Dill.

Woods in Scotland.

H Y P ' N U M fltfor'me. Shoots draggling ; very thread-U\e
much branched. Branches thread-lhaped, nearly cylin-
drical. Capfules oblique. Huns. 497.

Dill. 42. 62.

Forming a compact interwoven tuft. Much branched ; branches
(lender. Leaves very narrow, fmooth, refplendent green, when dry
prelied to, (landing out when frelh. FruU-Jlalks ^ inch high, very
(lender, reddilh. Capftdes (lender, at firft upright, aftenvards
leaning a little, and again upright when ripe. Evipal. (lender,
haiiy. Dill.

H. flkiforme. Hudf. ed. i. 421. — H. JUidfolium. Linn, mant.310.

— H. filifolmn. Linn. fyll. veg. ed. xiii. and xiv, all errors. St.

Trunks of trees. P. Feb.

H Y P 'N U M lllec'ebrum. Shoots and Branches drag- glafszvort
gling; cylindrical; nearly upright; blunt. —

Dill. 40. 46. A. B. without capfules. — Vail. 25. 7, cop. in Dill. 40.

46. c. — FI. dan. 706. i.

Lenues ending in a (pit-point; very clofely tiled. Pale, fhining,
tender, like the H. purum," but differs In its blunt branches, thick,

(horr, not winged. Neck. — Empal. leafits ending in hairs. Friiit-
fialks -j inch high. Capfules egg-lhaped, upright, when old leaning
a little. Lid pointed. Mouth fringed. Weber. — Leaves roundifh,
entirely covering the ftalks. Capfules fmall, fliort, upright. Ray.

— cylindrical. Lrai;e5 very pale green. Dill.
lieatlis, (hady places, and moillifh paftures. Pluns.

P. March, April — OeP,

II \ P ■' N U M mol'lc. Shoots pendant, thread- foft
flrqied, ver)" much branched. Leaves tiled, egg-fhapcd,
painted. Capfules roundifh, on crooketl fruit-sflalks.

Dicks, ii. i i .

Dkhf. 5. 3.

Whole

136

C R Y P T o G A M I A.

. Whole .jt/oni. foft, flaccid, and flexile. Shoots bfindled, floating,
roimdilh, . f(^ewhat zigzag. . . Brancks of very unequal lengths, the
ends mqftly. blunted.. .Liam upright, concave at the bafe, open at
tl^e end,_bjoadegg-fbaped.. Scaly bvlb, leaves fpear-fhaped, . taper-
pointed. 'Fruh-Jlalh few, fhort, boived in. Fringe with a ring,
with many teeth. and Fetl not found. Dicks.

Banks of rivulets in the Highlan^is of Scotland.

meadoxv H YP'NU M Shoots winged, but flraggling-;

awl^fliaped. Leaves egg-fliaped ; blunt; approaching

: .Cttrt, iii. 34.-T-R.ian. 706. 2.— Dill 40. 45.— Fai7/. 28. 3.

Branches bowed. Leaves ending in a fpit-point. Fruit-Jialks 2
inches long. Neck.— Readily known by its peculiar fleek habit,
by its freedom from dirt, and kg long, cylindrical winged fcaly
Ihoots. A fpan long in wet,- but fhprter in dryer places. Fnut-
Jialks I to 3 inches high, from the mid-rib of the fhoot and branches ;
upright,^ fhining. jpencp oblong, fcaly. Capjules cylindrical, lean-
ing. Lii beaked. Mouth fringed. Weis. — Stems nearly cylindri-
cal, upright or reclining ; often branched. Branches winged. Leaves
blunt, thin/ foftj fmooth, rather fhining, when dry crumpled.
Dill.

Paftures, meadows, banks, and woods.

P. Nov. Gort. — Feb. Huns.

Fifhernaen make ufe of it to fcour their worms.

B Huds. 504. Lightf. 760. — More flender. Ribs of the
leaves fed.

DHL 40. 47. — VailL 29. 10. — Keck, meth. i. 10. — Buxb. iv. 64. i,
the right hand of the upper figures; and
' Longer and more flender than the preceding, branches and leaves
more pointed, more fhining when dry, more thinly fet, and expof-

ing more diftindlly the red mid-rib. Dill*. ^

imter HYP'NUM ripa'rium. Shoots cylindrical, branched.
Leaves pointed, open, diftant.—

. Dili ^o. — FL dan. 6^g. I . — ii. 3. 3.

. of nearly equal thicknefs, in fome plants very long, in
Otheis not more than an inch, very flender, red. Capjules red.
Hooked, v6ry fhort, fringed at the mouth. Lis N.-FiTiit-Jlaiks i inch
long, ..from the bafe of the fliopts. NECK.-iSifini 4 to 6 inches long.

few and irregular, cylindrical if above, winged if below the
furfacc of the water. Leaves egg-fhaped, clofely tik*d on the young
cylindrical flioots, more diftant and fpear-lhaped on the principal
flcm, rmd hairy at the -end. Fmit-Jhlk^ zn inch long, upright, la-
teral. Capjules egg-fhaped. Lid conical, beak fhort. Motlth fringed.

Veil

M U S C I. Hypnum. 137

K’:7 upright, covering the young capfule. fence very fhort. Weis.

^When growing cut of the water, or where it is often expofed to
the air, the leaves are Ihorter and blunter, furrounding the ftem,
but wh^n it is always immerfed in water they are longer, more
pointed, and wing the ftems. Dill.

On walls, and rhoift ftony placed oh tJie banks of rivers, on plonks
and ilones about water mili^, and in rivers. [Bungay, Suffolk.

Mr. Stone.J Sept. — ^April.

HYP'NUM jlramri'eum. ShOots upright, thread- Jlrawcolour’d
fliaped, fomewhat branched. Leaves egg-lpear-lhaped,
without ribs, tiled. Dicks. 6;

DkkJ. I. g.

Shcols nearly upright, ftrap-fhaped, llender, when dry very brit-
tle, 2 inches and more in length, ftraw-coloured, fometimes fim-
pie, or with i or 2 branches. Leaves convejc and concave, glitter-
ing, prefTed to. Fruit-flalks lateral, upright, red, i and fometimes
2 inches long, folitary or 2 together. Capfules egg-fhaped, upright,
hunched on one fide. Lid fhort, fomewhat pointed. Dicks.

In a marlhy place on the Weft fide of Hampftead Heath, neat
London,

******* Shoots crvwdeu.

HYP'NUM clavelld'tum. Creeping. Branches dub
upright, greatly crowded. Capfules bowed. Lids bent
inwards. —

' Dill. 85. 17.

Fruit-Jlalks twice as long as the branches. Neck. — -Shoots b io 'j
inches long, ftiff, growing in denfe patches, tiled one upon ano-
ther. Branches upright, or trailing, on oppofite fides of the fhoot,
fhort, rigid, 2 or 3 lines long, and nearly 1 broad ; thofe in the
middle the longeft. Leaves hairlefs, very entire. Fruit-Jlalks late-
ral, 4 or 5 lines long, inclofed at the bafe by an erripalement. Capj'.
aline in length. Lid very fharp. Veil fmooth, a line long, reach-
ing half vVay. PoLLiCH. — ‘Fixed by llender ruft-cbloured roots to
the bark of trees. Leaves {m'dW, crowded. Capja/ci round ifh. lid,
beak crooked. Veil brownilh, .broad at the bale, fuddenly tapering
to a point. DilL.

On the dead branches and trunks of tree,s. P. Dec. — Feb.

HYP'NUM ^ra'dle. Shoots creeping. Branche.s hird’sfoot
in bundles; cylindrical; nearly upright. Capfules
upright; egg-lhaped. —

Vol. III.

K

Dill.

'38 C R Y P T O G A M I A.

DHL 4r. 55.— P/. dan. 649. 2, ill done, if the plant.

Hangs fufpended from the bark of trees in numerous cylindrical
pointed branches bending upwards, and fomewhat rcfembling the
• claw of a bird. Fruit-ftalhs from the bafe of the branches, an inch
high. Capfedes upright, pointed, ochrey colour when ripe. Dill.

H. ornithopoides. Huns.

Trunb of trees and rocks. On beech trees in Enfield Chace.
On rocks on the Grey Weathers. P, Feb. — April.

moufetall H Y P ' N U M myofuroi'des. Shoots very much'
branched; branches awl-ihaped ; fomewhat cylindrical,
but tapering each way. —

Dill. 41 . 5 1 . — H. ox. XV. 6- row 3. 3. — Vaill. 27. 6.

Capfules leaning. Neck. — Pale green. Stem-leaves almoft
3-cornered. Dill.

Woods at the roots of trees, and on Hones and rocks. [Bungay,
Suffolk. Mr. Stone.1 P. Jan. — March.

S Hods; 508. — Capfules upright.

Dill. 41. 50. — H. ox. XV. 5. 27. — Vaill. 28. 4, hat leaves too clojely
tiled, and too pointed. Capfules rather inclirang than upright.

Fridt-jlalks from the fhoots, and branches, i inch long. Capfules,
mouth, fringe whitifh. Neck. — Stem 2 to 4 inches long; branched
towards the end. Leaves clofely tiled, egg-fpear-fhaped, ending in
liairs. Fence Ihort, {lender, fcaly. Capftdes upright or leaning.
Weis. — Shoots thin, creeping, fending out thready ,brown roots.
Branches numerous, cylindrical, tapering at each end. Leaves crowd-
ed, egg-{haped, pointed, fmooth, fhining, prefTed to when dry,
rather {landing out when frefh. Empal. {lender; fcales ftralght,,
longer than the leaves. Fruit-Jlalks reddilh, ^ or -J- of an inch long.
Capfules cylindrical, upright, tawney.when ripe. Dill.

At the roots of trees, and on large Hones in woods.

Jan. — March.

y HuDs.^-Shootsand branches fhort, nearly upright.

Di7/. 41.52.

Shoots about, an inch long. BrancAci {hoft, upright. Leavesegg-
{haped, dull dark green. Dill.

On the walls at HampHead. Dill. Autumn— Jan,

S Huns.— Leaves dark green, Hiining, ending in hairs.

Dill. 41. 53.

Leaves foft, dark green, fhining, ending in ha it's j which appear
grey and refiecHed when the plant is dry. Dill.

On old walls, as of WeHham’ Abbey, near Stratfewd, EfTex ; and
on rocks on Emott paHures, Yorkfhire. Dill.

HYP’NUM

M U S C I. Hypnum. 139

fchiroi'des. Shoots uprigbl ; branched; fyuin'cl-tail

bowed. —

Bedw. hifi. H. •8. 2^3. — TMl 41. 54. — Vaill 37. iZt-i-H, cx. ky.

5, rowthelaji, 27.

Fndt-ftalks when ripe twifted like a rope. Barren jlmers on dlftinit.
flioots. Shoots 2 inches long, cylindrical. Fence riling half M'ay up
the fruit-ftalk. Primary Ihoots hair^'. Neck.— 5>em creeping, 3 or
4 inches long. Shoots from 1 to i^inch ; feldom branched. L eaves
ciofcly tiled, egg-fpear-fhaped, pointed, .ending in hairs. Fr.uit-Jldks
lateral, upright, f inch high. Fence (lender, fcaly. Ccp/t/ei oylin-
drical-egg-fhaped. Lirf conical, pointed. Fringe white. Feii yellow
at the end. Weis.— Creeping, interwoven, fixed to the barJc tjf
trees. Bran(;hes numerous, upright, fimple or divided, but genoralLy
bent like the tail of a fquirrel. Empal. at the bale of the branches,

(lender, fcales narrow, ending in (hqrt hairs. CapfiileS upright, dark
brown when ripe. Lid very (mall. Fruit-ftalhs twilling wheaa
dry. DrLL.

Trunks of old trees. [Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.]

* P. Feb. — ^A'pril.

HYP'NUM ferte'eum. -Shoot creeping. Brandlies
■crowded ; u[)right. Leaves awi-fhaped. ^apfules up-
right.— ‘

Dill. 42. 59. — ChTt. ii. ox. kv. 5.. row 4. 27.

3. a. F — Gtny. 639. — HillinPkil.Tr. ahr.x. 22. 129 to 133,
at p. y62, partsof fruefif cation, who was right -in his opinion tb-it
the heads of this tribe of plants were ■capjiiks containing feeds, though
he was mijlahen in fuppojing the teeth of the periiloma ‘to •be chives.

— Lonic. i. 55. i, cop. xvith the addition of <apfuks ‘belonging to
other fpecies in Trag. 046. — 'Ger. 1374. i'2, cop. in Get'.

1563. 13, and cop. again in Park. 13-13. 8.

Grows fo firmly to the trudks of trees that it can fcaredly be 'taken
away entire. Linn. — Branches^ or 4 lines long, c^’lmdrical. Fruit-
Jldks from the bofom of the branches, pale red. Neck. — long,
creeping,' crowded, greatly branched. Branches (hort, roimdilh.

Leaves (lender, very' ciofcly tiled, ending in long hairs. Friiit-ftalks
^ to I inch high, lateral, crowded. Fence (hort, thick, fcaK'.

Capfules long, nearly cylindrical, but thickell at bottom, upright.

Mouth narrow, fringe white. Lid beaked. Veil pale. Weis. —

Branches moftly pointing one way. Leaves loft, fhining. Dil'l.

On the ground on dry banks, trunks nf trees, and walls.

P. Sept. — April.

K 2

*•

, HYP'NUM

140

creeping

C R Y P T O G A M I A.

HYP'NUM fer'pens. Shoots creeping. Branches
thread-fliaped. Leaves veiy minute. —

Dill. 42. 64. — Vaill. 28. 2, fi, 7, 8. — H. ox. xv. ^.row the lajl, 21,
625; i6. row 3. 14. p. 625 ; ih. 6. row. 6. 16, ivith capjuks proba-
bly o/Bryupicte/pukium which Jormtimes Jeems to grow from plants
of H. ferpens.

Fruit-jlalks from die bafe of the branches, ■§ inch high. Shoots on the
ground 6 inches, on trees 2 inches long. Neck. — Shoots abounding
with thickfet flender fibres, forming broad patches, clofely adhering
to the earth. Branches very flender. Frmtflalks numerous, upright.
Cap/afo cylindrical, leaning. LrW pointed. Mouth innged. Weis.—
Branches numerous, fhort, generally Ample. Leaves too fmall to be
diflinblly feen by the naked eye, green, not fhining. Empal. fnfiall,
hairy. Fruit-jlalks an inch high, or more, fine purple. Capfules
long, ftraightilh. Veil upright, broad at the bafe, lilvery, fliin-
ing. Dill.

On the ground under hedges, on the trunks of trees, efpecially
young ones, on wood, ftones, and fometimes on old bones. Dill.
—On rotten wood, and in wells. Lightf. P. March, April.

velvet HYP'NUM vekti'mm. Shoot creeping. Branches
crowded; upright. Leaves awl-fhaped. Capfules lean-
ing.—

D17/.42.61. — Happ. iii. Hypn. 6.— fh dan. 475. — Vaill. 26. 9,
heads and thefmgle leaf good ; leaves of the Jhoots too clofe to the
Jlem.—(Btucb. iv. 62. 2, is H. rutabulum.f ib. 3, is alfo referred
to by Dill, and Linn, but the fruit-jlalks proceed from near the ends
of the branches.)

Fruit-jlalks twice the length of the branches. Neck . — Leaves hairy
at the end. lateral, an inch long, fence fcaly, inclofing

the thick bafe of the fhiit-ftalk. Capfules cylindrical, or egg-fhaped.
Lid conical, fhort. Weis. — Shoots crowded, interwoven, firmly
adhering to the earth and the bottom of trees by ruft-colourcd
woolly fibres. Stem-leaves broader than the branch-leaves. Empal.
fhort, hairy. Hi blunt. Dill.

At the roots of trees, in woods, and hedges, in fhady places and '
barren paftures. p

_ Capfules appearing in autumn, and coming to perfedtion in Feb.
and March.

|3 Huds. Smaller, fhorter, of a paler green. R.fyn.
5to5feldommoiiethan 3 or 4 lines long. Lmcer egg-fhaped.
Fruit-jlalks colomcd. Neck.

1313- JUNGER-

A L G Jiingermannla.

141

1313. JUNGERMAN'NI A. Star-tip.

Ess. Char. Fruit-flalk naked. Capfule xvitli 4 valves.

Fertile jloxver fitting, xvith roundijh feeds.

Obs. Many of the fpecies are beautiful microfcopic objeifls. —

For a better account of the parts of frudlification fee page 24.

* Shoots imged; pointing 1 ivay.

JUNGERMAN'NI A angulofa. Shoots fimply angular
wino-ed, flowering from the middle. Leafits hroadiflr, “
lopped, with 3 blunt teeth, Empalement bell-lhaped.

Dicks. 7.

Schmid. 22.—Hedw. theor. 18. 89 to ^2.— Mich 5. 10, cotififfedly
cop. in Dill. yi. 22. C, D, E.

Shoots fimple or branched. Leefves flat, green, pellucid, ending in
•3 blunt teeth. Diftindl from J. trilobata, the pinnules of which are
eared and the leafits fmaller. Dicks.

Moift fhady places. — In Wales. Dill. Sept.

JUNGERMAN'NI A afplenioi’des. Shoots Amply fpleeiwort
winged. Leafits egg-fhaped; fomewhat fringed. —

a Hedw. theor. 16. 17. 81. 82 to 88.— Dill. 69. 5.— Mich. 5. 3. .

0 o.—H. ox. XV. 6. row 2. 41 , leaf is fo diflant that I Jufpecl it to
be a diferetU plant.— (Scop. 62. 1337, injlead of 1338, afii.p.

32 1 , is variety 0.)

Shoots 3 or 4 inches long; pale green. Leaves, upper edge fiinged
with little teeth, alternate. Fruk-falks terminating, an inch long,
riling out of a ^leathing empalement. egg-fhaped, purplilh

black, Ihining. Weis.— Trailing, fometimes branched. Leaves
pellucid, pale green, without veins. I have never obferved any
roots. Dill.

Koad fidcs and on trees, In woods and wet lhady places; alfo
near fprings and rivulets, when it is fweet fepnted, [Earfham and
Sexton Woods, near Bungay, Suffolk, Mr, Stone,]

P. Feb. — April,

0 Leafits more crowded.

Dill. 69. 6. — Mich. 5. I and 2. — Vcull. 19. J. — H.ox. xv. 6. row 2.

42. — (Vaill. ib. a, b, is thought by Dill, to be J. viticuloja.)

Plant from I to 2 inches long. Truit-ftalhs 12 lines long, termi-
nating. Neck. — Shoots more branched than in (a) fhorter. Leafts
fmaller and more crowded. Weis.

In the fame fltiulions with a.

Kg

,I UN'

'42 c R Y P T, O G A M 1 A.

forked JUNGERMAN'NIA himfpUa'ta. Shoots hniply

winged ; flowering in the middle. Leafits with 2 teeth. —
DHL 70. 13. — Mich. 6. 17. — Schmid. Jung.

Fruit-JlalJiS 6 to 8 lines long. Capjuks oblong, brown. Neck.
Dill.- — Shoots lefs branched than in the J. bidentata, and mere lim-
ber, from I to I inch long. Fndt-Jlalhs about inch long. Empal.
2 lines long, at the origin of the branches. Weis. — Lcafts with 2
teethat the and forming an acute angle. Scholl.

Shady places and moift woods. P. March, April.

doien JUNGERMAN'NIA bidenta'ta. Shoots limply

wiriged ; flowering at the ends. Leafits with 2 teeth. —
Schmid.jung.f.ii^.~Dill.j6.ii.—Fl.dan-. 88S.—VaiU. ig. 8.

—H. ox. XV. 6. row 2. 47. — Mich. 5. 12. — Fet. 13. 4.
a/, terminating obfcurely 3-cornered. Fruit-ftalk whitifh,
tender, an inch long. Neck.— i- to 3 inches long, generally
winged. Fruit-fialhs at the ends of the fhoot or the branches. We is.
1 — Leafits with 2 teeth at the end forming a half moon. Scholl. —
Leaves pale green, pellucid, alternate, fixed by a broad bate to the
rib, pointing upwards. Fmit-Jlalks leafy at the bafe. Capfules black
brown. Dill.

Woods and moiftifh heaths, and fhady banks. Odl.— Dec.

powdered JUNGERMAN'NIA fifi'sa. Scop. v. 1345.—
Shoots fimply winged . Leafits cloven . Stem with barren

flowers at the end. Lightf. 770.

Di/h 31. 6.— f'McS 5. 1 el, is aljo referred to by DHL Linn. Scop.
HudJ. and, though not without a mark of dmbt, by Lightf. Weber
Jeems more than doubtful, omnino dvhius," and objerves that
Micheli has reprejented the leaves as almoft cloven. But any one
who compares the figures of DHL and Mich, zcill be ajlonijked that

.. Jo accurate an objervei' as DHL fkoidd refer to the fig. and deferip-
tion of Micheli, efpecially when Micheli deferibes the fiffurc as being
fcarcely perceptible. The leaves of Dill. fig. are irregularly Jquare,
with open Jegments-, thofe of Micheli' s egg-Jhaped, with fegments clojc
together. J\or is it lefsfitngular that DHL fhmdd refer his plant to

the genus Mnium,when in Micheli’s fig. of' what Dill, took for the

fame plant, there is a figure, as Scop, juftly remarks, of a capfule
fimlar to thofe of the genus Jungermannia. Kcr is it much lefs
Jin^ular that Linn. fiioidd adopt, without examination, the defignatioti
andfymryms of Dill.)

Srrtall, vhitifh, creeping, leaves pointing 2 \vavs, Leafits notched
0t the end, and the fegments fharp pointed.' Scop.— Roots ex-
tremely liendcr and numerous from the mid-rib, and fixing the

plant

A L G JE. Jungermannia. 143

plant firmly to the ground. Fruit-Jlalks fhort, terminating and
lateral. Capfules. or powdery heads, pale green. Leajils tender,
pellucid, cloven at the end, oppofite. I have feen no other cipfules
than thefe powdery heads. Dill.

Mnitim J^m. Linn.

In wet places about Highgate, and on Shooter’s Hill near Eltham,
and efpecially in a rivulet running through Old-fallWood, between
Highgate and Mufcle Hill.

Feb. April. Dill. — Scotland. Lightf.—P. March.— OJl.

Huds-

JUNG-ERMAN'NIA injla'ta. Shoots hmply inflated
winged, flowering at the ends. Capfule oblong, inflated.

Leafits cloven, the ends blunt. Huds. 51 i.

Dill. 70. 12, fho fruBif cation.) — Mich. 5. 13-
In wettilh Ihady places. Dill. — ^Moift heaths and woods.

Nov. — March.

JUNGERMAN'NIA lanceola'ta. Shoots Amply fpear-leaved
winged; fpear-fhaped ; flowering at the ends. Leafits
very entire.—

Dill. 70. lO.—Mich. 5. 6 and y.—Happ. i.jung 2.

Grows In large patches. Shoots hardly i inch long, Ample, or
divided into 2 or 3 branches. Leafits alternate, crowded at the ends
of the branches, Fndtjl. near ^ inch long, from the ends of the
branches, white. Capf. greenilh brown or blackilh. \\eis. Shoots
fometimes branched. Etnpal. flendcr, pallid, cloven into feg-
ments. Dill.

Moift fhady banks. March.

]UN GERMAN' NIA macrorhi'za . Shoots upright, long-rooted
branched, flowering at the ends. Leafits alternate,
blunted, open. Dicks, ii. 16.

Dickf. 5. 10.

Learn, the uppermoftpurplifh. J?ooI large, branched. Dicks.

Higher mountains of Scotland.

JUNGERMAN'NIA polyan'thos. Shoots Amply hnbri:atcd
winged. LeaAts very entire ; tiled; convex. —

Dill. 70. g. — Mich. 5. 5.

r/ciCtTi numerous, riling from the middle of the branches, on
their flies. — S'Aoo/s about i inch long, winged. Leafits alternat'c,
cgg-fhaped, with a blunt point. Fruitfi. \ inch high, from the mid-
rib and the origin of the branches. Capf. brown red; egg-!haped.

Weis.

'44

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Weis. — ^Short, branched, ftiflF. Lea/fs roundifli, Ihort, thin, pellucid,
tiled; Empai; white, fhort, %vith 4 clefts. In the fig. of Micheli the
leaves areill done, and roots are erroneoufly added to the flower. Dill.

Woods, moift fhady banks, amongft mofs, and on thefides of
rivulets. — Lead hill, and between Darking and Cold Harbour,
Surrey, in marfhy places. p. March, April!

j-ed JUNGERMAN'Nl A purpu'rea. Scop. n. 1343. —
Wings with little fcales underneath. Leafits roundilh,
convexo-concave, embracing the ftem. Light. 778.

DiiLGg. i.—Mick. 5. 16, referred to by Ligktfoot, has a general
rejemh'Uince to the plant, but the leafts are fringed.

Leafts pointing from 2 oppofite lines, nearly egg-fhaped, tranf-
parent, fmooth, embracing the ftem, pointed, each furnifhed with
a very fmall ear-like leaf. I have never feen any other than fertile
plants. Linn.— I have frequently found it with capfules. Huns. 473.
Stems hollow, reddifti. Leai’ei bending down, concave, roundilh.Sc 0 p.

Shoots creeping, ftrap-lhaped, the ends riling upwards. Leafts
about a line in diameter, flat. Pollich.— Varies greatly in appear-
ance. The young plants in wet places crowded, upright. Leaves
very fmall, roundilh, nearly flat, pellucid, alternate, without appen-
dages. When older, the leaves are larger, more clofely fet, convexo-
concave, with fcaly appendages at the bafe, refembllng the leaves
in lhape. In fome plants when fully grown the leave* are roundifli ;
in others fpoon-lhaped ; and in another variety gathered on the
banks of mountain lakes, I have found the leaves green, pellucid,
not crowded, almoft embracing the ftem. Shoots fometimes
branched, from i inch to a foot long when growing, in running
water. Have not fqund it in flower. Dill.

Mnium fungejnnannta. Linn, whoobfep^'es that he placed it under
that genus on the authority of Dili. See FI. fuec. n. 984.

Bogs, rivulets, and cafeades in mountainous lituations, and in
ditches and turfy heaths. On Cader Idris, Snowdon, and Glyder.
Dill.— fin moift peat earth on a mountain called Cowfand, and
pn the fides of hills in the Foreft of Dartmoor, Devonfliire. Mr.

P.March-Aug.

toothed JUNGERMAN'NIA (piinquedenta! ta. Shoot winged ;
branched; flowering at the end. Leafits with 5 teeth. —
Dill. 71. 2^.— Mich. 6. 2, larger than natural.

Lea^tr with 3, rarely with 4 teeth. £?»/><?/. with 5 teeth, a line or
more in length. Neck. — Shoot fometimes Ample, taking root as it
creeps along. £(:/:/■. appear in autumn, it bloflbms in the fpriiig.
Leaves 4-fided, teeth or fcollops from i to 6. SAoctr crowded, i to

if inch

A L G Jungermannia. 145

i^inch'bng, in general branching: intofbrks. WEBER.r— Creeping,
crowded, fometlpnes branched. Leaves pelhicid, numerous, broadeft
at the ba£e, plcafant green, lower ones ending in 3 Ibarp teeth,
upper ones in 4 or 5. frait/?. terminating. Empal. toothed, angu*
lar. Cap/, black. Dill. - • s

Woods in wet Ihady places. About Tunbridge, and in the
Weft of Yorkfhire. P* April.

JUNGERMAN'NI A fpliag'ni. Shoots taking root, Bogmofs
fimply winged, flowering from the fide. Leafits roundifh,
very entire, tiled, pointing. one way. Dicks. 6.

Dickf. I. 10.

Shoots an inch or more in length ; fometimes branched, forae-
times not, bending in various direeftions, and here and there putting
forth fibrous roots. Leaves roundifh, brownifh yellow, convexo-con-
cave, all pointing one way, though placed in 2 rows, alternately
lying on each other. Capf. i or 2, ifluing from the fame fide of the
fhoot near the top or the bottom. Fruitjl. pellucid, white, -3: inch
high. Sheath whitilh, oblong, brownifh at the top. Cap/, fmall,
roundifh, brown; but rarely feen. Differs from the J. poly anthos,

Linn, in the leaves being of a brownifh yellow, pointing one way,
and alfo in the fibrous roots. Dicks.

Marfhy places, frequently adhering to Sphagnum paiujlre, near
Croydon, Suitfey. May.

JUNGERMAN'NIA fpinulo'fa. Shoots upright, triple jnlpl
branched. Leaves inverfely egg-fhaped, between toothed
and thorny. Dicks, ii, 14.

Dill. JO. 15.

F7T:c?i/catio7i5 not hitherto difeovered. Dicks. — Shoots upright or
reclining, but not creeping ; branches numerous. Leawes alternate,
not clofely fet, dull green, pellucid, the upper ones fm after, with 2
or 3 teeth at the end ; lower ones with more teeth. Have not found
it in flower. Dill,

On Snowdon. Dill.^ — On the the mountains of Scotland. Dicks.

JUNGERMA N'NI a tricho'manis. Scop. 1344. poietder-
— Shoots limply winged. Leafits egg-lhaped, flat, very headed
entire. Stem with (barren) flowers at the end.

Lightf. 769.

Dill. ^1. ^.r-Schmid.jttng.f. I j, and 18.

Shoots creeping and ftriking root ; terminating in powdery glo-
bular fubftanccy. Scop. — Branched or unbranched, forming coin-
^ad patchesofa beautiful fhining brownifh green, one fhoot lying on

another.

hS C R Y P T O G a M I a.

another. Leaves in 2 rows, minute, roundifh, blunt, very entire,
^ of a line in diameter. Globules terminating, fitting. Pollich.
— Creeping ortthc ground, i or if inch long. Leaves tender, pel-
lucid, pale green, in pairs. Fruit-bearing branches fliort, the leaves
alternate. Capfules or globules fmall,- green, of fhort dura-
tion. Dill.

y. trichomanes. Lightf. — Mnium trkhomanes, Linn.

Woods, hedges, and wet Ihady heaths. P. April. OcT:.

fwollen J U N G E R M A N ' N I A ventrico'fa. Shoots fimply-
winged, flowering from the middle. Sliea-th fphapxoidaJ.
Leaves cloven. Dicks, ii. 14.

Mich, g, 1 5, confejfedly cop. in Dill. 70. 1 4.

Leaves move deeply cloven than reprefented by Micheli. Dicks.

Woods.

Jragglwg JUNGERMAN'NIA vluculg'fa. Shoots fimpl y
winged. Leafits flat, naked, Rrap-fliaped. —

Dill. 6g. ’j.—VaiU. a, b, between f. 7 andf. 2. — Mich. g. 4.
Shoots^ inches long; branches i ora inches. Leafits egg-fhaped,
the edges fringed, and bent back, fo that they appear convex. Frmtjl.
on the mid-rib, .moftly towards the lower part of the fhoot, and at
the origin of the branches, an inch long, or more. Empal. cut into
fegraents. Cap/, roundifh, black, Ihining, Weis. Dill,

Shady ditch banks, and woods in wet places. About Slingford,
Suflex. Dill. p. March, April.

** Shoots winged ; appendages above the leajts.

white JUNGERMAN'NI A anicans. Above doubly
winged; flowering at the ends. Leafits ftrap-fhaped;
bowed back. —

Dill, y 1.20. — Vaill. \g. g.

Fruitjl. 2 to 3 lines long. Leafits with appendages on the upper
fide. Neck. Shoots i to 2 inches long, not creeping, but reclining.
Fndtft. terminating. Weis. — Forming denfe patches, one fhoot
lying on another. Leaves 2 rowed, f a line long, and 5- broad, very
entire; ending in a blunt point. Befides thefe larger leaves,
there is another fet only half the fize on the upper fide of the mid-
rib, I at the bafe of each larger leaf. Empal. cylindrical, white,
terminating. Barren ftems reddilh at the ends and containing
minute grecnifh globules filled with a powder. Pollich.—
Crowded together, fimple or branched ; whitifh when diy. Dill.

Woods and wet Ihady places. p. March, April.

JUNGER-

A L G Jungermannia. 147

JUNGERM AN'NI A cirw'rea. ^loots cveepiag, ajh-coloured
doubly winged above, flowering from the middle. Sheath
cylindrical. Leaves tiled, rounded. Dicks, ii. 15.

Mich. 6. 18, cop. in Dill. 72. 28, C, in Jlmver. — Dill. 72, 28. A,Bf
not infower.

Grows creeping upon other mofles. Shoots fhort. Leaves round,
grey, very fmall, tiled. If immerfed in water and magnified, other
Secondary leafits may be found underneath thcfe. Dill.

Woods. Bagley Wood, near Oxford. Dill.

jUNGERMAN'NI A multifiolra. Shoots creeping, manyjlower*d
branched. Leaves alternate, in pairs, briftle-lhaped,
equal. Linn. — Leaf Amply winged, flowering at the bafe.

Huds. 510.

Dill. 6g. 4.

SAoXr thread-fhaped, f tor inch long. Leafts {hovt. Weber. —

Empal. central, numerous, crowded, white, with 4 clefts. Fruitjl.

(lender, white, long. Cap/, large, reddifh brown. Dill.

Shooter’s Hill, near London. Dill. March. Huns.

JUNGERMAN'NI A nemoro'fa.. Shoots above wood
doubly winged ; flowering at the ends. Leafits fringed. —

Hedw. (hear. 15. — Dill. 71. 18. — Mich. 5. S.

Leqp5 with appendages above the bafe. Neck. — Inverfely egg"-
Ihaped; fomewhat tiled. Leajftr broad at the bafe, and enveloping
the mib-rib, fo that there appears no interftice between the leafits
and the appendages or coloured fcales placed above them. Weis. —

Plant moftly about i-^- inch long, branched or unbranched. Leajits
oblong, numerous, green, pellucid. Empal. terminating, broad, at
firft leaning. Dill.

Woods and moift fhady places In Weftmoreland.

P. March, April.

JUNGERMAN'NIA rep' tans. Shoots doubly creeping
winged underneath; taking root at the ends. Leafits
with 4 teeth. —

Dill. 71. 24. — Schmid, jimg. f. 8. 13.

Fruitjl. from the bafe. Cap/, blaclcifh, fliining. Dill. — Appen-
dages underncTith the Itzfits. Neck. — Tender, creeping, irregularly
branched, limber, about i inch long. Leajits very minute, ending
in 3 or 4 little teeth. Empal. 3-fided, whitifh, toothed, Fruiljl.-
white, fhining. Co/)/, oblong egg-fhaped. Weis. Dill.

Moifi fhady places. P. Dec. — April.

J UNGER-

148

C R Y P T O G A M I A.

curled JUNGERMAN'NIA refupina'ta. Shoot above
doubly winged; flowering towards the bafe. Leafits
finely fcolloped ; tiled ; round. —

DiU.'ji. ig.

Very rarely flowers. Underneath refembling a ftep-laddcr.
Tlant 2 inches long. Leafits (if magnified) appear edged with a double
fringe, with appendages on the upper fide. Neck. — Stem forked,
or imperfectly winged, lying one on another, rigid, brittle. Leaves
in 2 rows ; entire at the fides, but with 3 or more minute teeth at the
end. PoLEiCH. — Grows crowded together; reclining. Barren
plants longer than the fertile ones. Leaves roundifh, appendages
ftanding out, fo that the plant has a crifped or curled appearance.

moftly at the bafe of the fhorter ftioots, diftended, toothed.
Fndtjl. near an inch high, white. Dill.

Ip clefts of rocks, and on turfy heaths. P. April.

doxpny J U N G ERMAN'NIA 'Tomentel'la. Shoots creeping,
downy above. Leaves entire, very downy. Ehrhart.
Dicks, ii. 14.

■ Dill. 73. 35-

Primary branches alternate, fecondary ones alternate llkewlfe,
but fo clofely fet as to appear nearly oppofite; larger and more
numerous in the barren than in the fertile plants. Leaves pale green,
woolly, extremely crowded, and very minute. EmpaL in the angles
of the branches, long, woolly, ftraw-coloured. Fruitjl. white, pel-
lucid. Capf. oblong, black. Dill.

Moift woods and heaths and wet mofly places near rivulets in
Yorkfliire, Cumberland, and Weftmoreland ; in a fmall current
of water which runs through Old-fall Wood between Highgate and
Muzzle Hill, about Chichefter, Suflex, and Darking, Surry. R. fyn.
and Dii,l. — In the Highland mountains near Aberfeldy. Dicks. —
[On a dry fandy bank on Brome Heath near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr,
Stone.] p. Marfch, April.

trifid JUNGERMAN'NIA triloba' ta. Shoots doubly
winged underneath. Leafits fquarifli, flightiy 3-lobed. —
Dill. yi. 22. A. B. — f Mick. 10, is J . angidoja. — Dill. 71. 23,

^ is J. quinquedenlata.)

Leafits with appendages on the under fide. I have never feen it
in fruit. Neck. — About i inch long, trailing, branches didant.
Leafits with 3 5 fhallnw clefts at the end. Empal. about 2 lines

long, terminating. Pruif/?. very fhort. Weis\ — Sometimes; branch-
ed, creeping. Leaves flat, green, pellucid, with three blunt teeth
at the end. Not found it in flower. Dill.

^^'alcs,

149

A L G Jungermannia.

Wales. Dill. — On Crib y ddifcil near Llanberris. Hues.

P. March, April.

JUNGERMAN'NIA undula'ta. Shoots above eared
doubly winged, flowering at the ends. Leafits roundifli,
very entire, waved. —

VmU. ig. 6. — Did. 71-17.

My fpecimen accords with Vaillant, but not entirely fo with
Dillenius’s. Leaves pointing from oppofite lines, expanding, near,
not at all tiled, but difpofed in a double row in each fide, alternate,
diftineft, equal, thofe underneath not being fmaller or united with
thofe above, all flightly waved. Linn.— Lea/a with appendages on
the upper fide, N ecx. —Lea/ts roundifh, convex above, concave
underneath, connedled by a fmall appendage near the rib, with the
leafit above it. Empal. terminating, oblong, green. Frui/j?. white,

1 inch long. Cap/, roundilh. Weis. Dill.

Shady places. P- March, April.

*** S/ioofs tiki

JUNGERMAN'NIA cilia' rh. Shoots creeping, fern

Leafits doubly tiled ; appendages underneath, fringed. —

Di/l., 69. 3.

Branches alternate, convex above, tiled with a double row of
fcales, and tiled with appendages underneath. Leajits and appendages
fringed, with the fringe bent back, whence its rough appearance ;
upper leaves often cloven. Linn. — Shoots the length of a finger, winged
and branched, the branches alternate. Leaf Is very hairy. Fruitf.
from the forks of the branches, thick, white, pellucid, i to 2 inches
long. £mpol. hairy, long, ftraw-coloured. Cop/, dark purple, Weis.

— Leaves fometimes entire, fometimes cloven at the end, alternate,
elegantly fringed with hairs at the edges and at the ends, pellucid
when plunged in water. It grows in tufts, upright ; feldom found
in flower. Dill.

J. pulcherrima. Linn. fil. Dickf, i. 7, 'on the authority of Mr. D.
in fafe, ii. p. i q. — fj. ciliaris. Hudf. Lightf. is J. ToTtmtella.)

On heaths in England and Scotland. Dicks. P. March.

JUNG ERMAN'NI A com//fl/2a7a. Shootscreeping, fat
Leafits doubly tiled, with little fcales underneath. Branches
of an equal breadth throughout. —

Curt. iv. 45. — Dill. 72. 26. — Mich. 5. 21.

Uafts citail^sT. Fruitf alks terminating; very fhort. Neck. —

From I to 2 inches long, flat, irregularly branched, adhering clofe
to the bark of trees in broad patches ; foft to the touch and flaccid

when

150

C R Y P T O G A M I A.

when wet. Fruitjl. hardly a Hne long, rifing from the origin of the
branches as well as from their extremities, out of a fcaly empal.

^ lopped at the end. Cap/, final I, black, of Ihort duration. Weis.
Dill. — Without vifible roots. Plant pale or yellowilh green, ten-
der, but hardly pellucid. Fmt/. folitary or in pairs. Dill.

Trunks of trees, in hedges and thickets, ‘flourilhingmoft in a wet
Ctuation. — April.

fcaly JUNGERMAN'NIA dilata'ta. Shoots creeping.
Leafits doubly tiled, with little fcales underneath. Branches
broader towards tlie ends. —

Dill. 72. 27. — Vaill.-iQ. 10. — Mkh. 6. 6. — JVecL metk. i. 5, at

^•273-

circular, in a double renv. Neck. — Leefts convex, fmaller,
nnd (hoots narrowerthan in the jf. complanata. — Empal. terminating the
branches, 3-cornered. Neck. — Colour dark green, or reddifh.
Fndt-fl.i line long. Weis. Dill.— 5Aoo/5 ftrap-lliaped, lying on
one another, forming denfe roundilh patches. Branches dillant,
winged, Empal. mollly terminating, f a line long, Fru'ujt. very
fhort. Cap/, minute, globular. Pgllich.

Trunks of trees, clofely adhering to the bark. P, March, April.

wall JUNGERMAN'NIA platypkyl'la. Shoots trailing ;

tiled underneath. Leafits heart-lliaped, pointed.

Vain. 19. g.—Dill. y2. 32.— McA. 6. 3 and 4.— H. ox. xv. 6. row
2. 44. — Happ. iii. Jimgermannia.

Shoots very much branched. Nec-k.— Branchesfpreading.ScHOLL,
—About a finger’s length, growing in clofe patches ; doubly winged.
Lxafts egg-fpear-fhaped, tiled in a double row, with appendages
‘Underneath, Weis. — Fruitjl. .fliort, lateral and terminating. With.

Empal. blunt, comprefled, about i line in height. Capf. minute,
upright, fmooth, fhining, yellowilh, Pollich. — Grows in large
tufts on walls and trunks of trees one layer upon another, fixed only
by the ends, irregularly branched. Leaves crowded, tiled, pellucid,
thin, dark green, the edges and the ends turned down. Dill.

Woods on trunks of trees, and on walls. [Old walls, Bungay,
Suffolk. Mr. Stone.] p. March, April.

B Leaves Ihorter and rounder. Hall, n. 1872. Lightf. 785.

Dill. 72, 33.— MB. 6, I.

Leaves heart-fhaped, rounder than in the preceding. Mid-rib
entirely covered underneath by fcales. Branches at right angles to
the fhoot. Have not feen it in flower. Dill.

Trunks of trees. Dill.

JUNGER-

A L G Jungermannia. 15 1

JUNGERMAN'NIA pulcher'rima. Shoots rather fringed
upright, crowded. Leaves egg-flraped, tiled, fomewhat
cloven, fringed. Linn. //. Metli. Mufc. 35. Dicks. 7.

Dill. 6g. 3.

I have not found the capfule in Englifh fpecimens. Dicks. — ^The
inoft beautiful of its kind. Leaves concave, alternate, pointing.one
way, elegantly dotted, befet at the edges with jointed hairs. Differs
widely from the J. ciliaris, which has leaves doubly tiled,, and fiir-
nifhed with ear-like appendages underneath. Linn. fil. — In broad
patches on the trunks of trees. Shoots very much branched, CTowded,
intangled, ftrap-fhaped, comprelfed, broader and bent at the ends.

5irafAilateral and terminating, about 2 lines long. Empal. often
fplit. Weber. — About 2 inches long, with a few branches, from
which other fhort alternate branches proceed. Leaves roundifh,
pointed, entire or cloven, elegantly fringed with foft hairs, alter-
nate, without appendages, pellucid when wet. The whole plant
gimvs crowded together, upright, the ends crooked, the colour rally
brown. Dill.

On dry heaths. Taiinks of trees. (Ddl.

JUGERMAN'NIA tamarif'ci. Lea:fits tiled in a tamarijk
double row ; the upper ones circular ; convex ; blunt ;

4 times as large as the other. —

Dill. 72. 31. — Mich. 6. 5. — Vaill. 23. 10.

Greatly refembles J. i/iVota/a. Neck.— But the Ihoots arc much
longer, crowded and lying one upon anctber, more Bender, more
branched, branches of a uniform breadth, blunt at the ends, not
clofely attached to the tree on which it grows, but rather hanging
down. The mid-rib is more expofed to view, and on the under
fide appears jointed, and covered with fmall fcales cloven at tile
end. Fruit/?, terminating, very fliort. Cap/, brown yellow. Weis.

Dill. — Z.ca/n very convex above. Scholl. — Leaves circular, very
entire. Cep/, very minute. Pollich.

Trunks oT trees and rocks. Ih Feb. March.

JUNGERMAN'NIA va'ria. Shoots nearly upright \
upright ; tiled ; pointing 2 ways. Leafits deeply
divided. —

Dill. 73. ^Xj.—Mkh. 5. g.

Shoots Ihort, ftiff, brittle; frequently witli green or ycHowifh
globules at the end. Fniitjl. white, fliining, 5 lines long, terminat-
ing. Fmpa?. egg-fhaped, with 4 teeth. Capf. globular, black and
Oiining. Pollich. — At firft creeping, undivided, winged with leaves;

when

152

mountain

CRYPTOGAMIA.

when older rlfing up, fomewhat branched, the leaves furrounding
the branches. Dill.

Woods and heaths in moift fhady place?. P. March, April.
**** Shoots tiled on every fide. Leafits irregularly difpojed.

JUNGERMAN'NIA alpi'na. Shoots cylindrical.
Leafits egg-fhaped, expanding. Empalements tiled. —

FI. dan. 1002. i. — Dill. 73. 39.

Shoots t to I inch high, crowded together in tufts, branching into
Ihort forks. Empal. terminating. Fruk/l. feldom found, very
fhort. Whtbbr. — One to 2 inches long; cylindrical, not brittle.
Empal. fcaly, light red, refembling the bud of the beech tree. Cap/.
dark red. Dill.

Wet rocks on Siwvdon and Glyder, Caernarvonlhire, and bogs
on Cader Idris. Djll. — ^And on the mountains of the North of
England. Huns. — And of the Highlands. Liohtf.

P. April — OcL

JUNGERMAN'NIA conchna’ta. Shoots cylin-
dneal, fomewhat comprelfed, clofely tiled, compaft.
Leaves convex and concave, fmooth. Flowers on fruit-
Ralks. Lightf. 786.

Dill. 73. 38, J.julacea isjpohen of by Lightf. as the b^reprefentation
of it.

Grows matted m tufts, reddifh brown above, pale green below.
Stalks i of an Inch high, very flender, brittle when dry, clofely tiled
with leaves. Leaves undiftinguifhable by the naked eye, fmooth
membranaceous at the edge, always preffed to. Fruitf. terminating!
Ihort. Ca/y. brown. Lightf.

Is it not a variety of J. julacea? Huns. 651.

Rocks on the Highland mountains frequent. Sept. Odi.

crooked- JUNGERMAN'NIA arr.rybV/d. Shoots creeping
leaved branched, cylindrical. Leaves tiled, roundifii, taper’
pointed, cloven, the ends bowed in. Dicks, ii. le.,

Dickfs.y. ^

^e points of the leaves next to the empalement upright. Dicks.
Highlands of Scotland.

round

I J ^ A N I A jula cea. Shoots cylindrical.

Lpfite tiled on every fide ; flowers on fruit-ftalks.—

FI. dem^ 1002. 2. — D///. 73. 38.

Brittle,; Fruit-ft. terminating. Leafits preffed to. Nec rtl-S/awts
flendcr, cylindrical, filky, from i to i inch high ; fometimes

forked.

A L G JE, Jangermaiinia.

forked. Leaves fo clofely comprefTed as hardly to be obfervable,
which diftinguifhes it from every other fpecies. Weber. — Grows in
very denfe tufts ; fhoots and branches cylindrical, and frlky when
frefh. Dull greyifh green, and brittle when dry. FrucHfcdtioris
rare. Cap/, fmall, red brown. Truitjl. fhort, white, riCng orrt
of a toothed empal. Dill.

Wet rocks and by the fide of ri%ailets on Gadcr Idris, Glyder and
Snowdon, and the Highland mountains. [On rocks on the lides
and tops of hills in Dartmoor, Dcvonfhire. Mr. Newberry.]

P. Sept. Odl.

JUNGERMAN'NIA mim'ta. Cr.antz. ,s;roenL — minute
Shoots upright, winged, branched. Leafits with appen-
dages underneath. Leaves roundifli. Dicks; ai. I3.

Dill. 6g. 2. . .

Very {lender, branched. Leafits not diftinguifhable by the naked
eye, alternate, roundifh, pellucid, in fingle rows. Rms very fine
woolly filaments fixed to the back of the mid-rib. Dill.

Amongft mofs in the Highlands of Scotland.

JUNGERMAN'NIA Shootscreeping, fewjlow
very much branched, thread-fliaped, flowering in the
middle. Leaves bowed in, deeply divided. Sheaths
conical, remote. Dicks, ii. 15.

Dickfis-g.

Leaves alternate, remote, cloven down to the bafe; Je^enls
equal, ftrap-awMhaped, bluntifli, concave, tfanfpareht, the inter-
ftices opaque. FruBificaiions folitary, remote. Sheaths conical.

Fruitjl. as long again as the empal. Nearly allied to the jf. multifitrra,
and at firft fight greatly refembling it, but differs from it in the
number of its fruit-ftalks. See. Dicks.

Near Croydon, growing on Sphagnum palujlre. Dicks. — Yorkfhire.

Mr. Teesdale.

JUNGERMAN'NIA rupef'trls. Shoots cylin- rock
drical. Leafits awl-fhaped, pointing one way. —

Dill. 'J'g. tp.

The whole plant very fhort, being about one third of the length of
a pin, blackifh, upright, feldom branched. Linn. — Shoots branch-
ed, dark green. Ijeafits bent back. Empal. oylindrical, not tiled
as in the J. qlpina. Weber. — Grows denfely.' crowded together,
fhort, liakcd below. 'Ijavis' very fleriderj fefleiffed, dark green,
blackiffi when dry, pointing one \vay. ' EVipal'. . VfiXy rtiinute., ter-

Vol. nr., L minating.

154

CRYPTOGAMIA

hairy

broad-leaved

minating, reddifh, not fcaly. Fruitjl. very fhort. CapJ. very
fmall. Dill.

On moift rocks on Snowdon and Glyder, Caernarvonfhlrc ; the
North of England, and the Highland mountains. [Plentifully upon
rocks on the fides and tops of hills in Dartmoor, Devonfhire. Mr.
Newberry.] P. March — Odl.

JUNGERMAN'NI A trichopkyl'la. Shoots cylin-
drical. Leafits hair-like, equal. —

Schmid. 42. I to 23. — Dill. 73. 37.

Shoots only a few lines in length, clofely furrounded by very
flender leafits, of a pale yellow green. Fruitjl. terminating. Empal.
long, cylindrical, cloven. Weis. — ^t/t^hen magnified the leafits ap-
pear divided quite down to the bale into 3 or 4 awl-fliapedfegments,
compofed of globular joints. Fruitjl. f inch long. CapJ. black.
Leers. — Leaves pale green, extremely flender. Branches numer-
ous, irregular. Dill. >■

Turfy heaths near North Brierly, Yorkfhire. Richardson in FL
Ang. 516. P. April.

• Stemlefs. Leaves Jimple.

J U N G E R M A N ' N I A eplphyl’la. Stemlefs. A
little leaf growing upon a large one.

Hedw.theor. 21. no. Ill I 22. 23. — Schmid. Jung. f. i, to 6.
—Dill. 74. 41. — FI. dan. 359. — -Happ. i.Jung. i. The figure
f (d) ai leafi copied from FL dan. — Mich. Marfilea i. — Col.
ecphr: \. 331. 3, cop. in Park. 1314. 5. — Mull. frid. 2. 6
and g. —

Lea/varioufly fcolloped and curled at the edge, pale green, firmly
fixed fo the mud by fibres from its under fide. Weis. — Frtdtjlalks
hollow, 2 inches high. Scop. — Bears its fruit in the fpring, but
flowers in autumn, the barren flowers appearing like dots on the
older leaves, and the fertile ones in the cylindrical fhcaths. Empal.
of 1 leaf, irregular, wrinkled. Sccd-bud globular, fmooth, on a
very fhort fruit-ftalk,which is enfheathed. Lower part of the empal.
fixed m a kind of groove. Shaft very fhort. Thread's on the feed-
bud, of no determinate number. Mr. Knapp. — Leaf fhort, round-
ifh, moderately broad ; fegments blunt, fhallow, fine gi'een, pel-
lucid. In winter a dark green head appears upon the middle of
the leaf. In fpring this head breaks forth from a valve on the fur-
face of the leaf, circular and open at the top, afterwards cut into 4
fhallow fegments. Out of this the-fruitft. rifes, growing rapidly
to the height of I ^ or 2 inches, white, pellucid, fupporting a dark

green

155,

A L G jE. Jungermannia.

«^een globe which opens into 4 brownifh and roundifh fegments,
difcharging a yellow brown powder mixed with fibres. This being
done, the old leaf dies, and one or more young ones fhbot
our. Dill.

[Ellingham Fen, near Bungay, Suffolk, near the diredllon poft.

Mr. Stone.] P. March, April.

JUNGERM AN'NI A furca'ta> Stemlefs. Shoots Jlrap-Jhaped
ftrap-flnped ; branched ; the ends forked and bluntifh. —

Hedw. theor. ig. gg, 100; 20. io\ to log, parts of fruSlif cation.

— Dill. 74. /^^.—Vaill. 23. II.- — Mich. 4. 4.

Plant hardly i inch long. Scholl. — Leaves flati greenifh. FrjiitJl.
feldom more than 2 or 3 lines long. Empal. globular. Capf. nearly
globular, reddifh brown. In a young fiate it is often found amonglt
Moffes on trees of a pale yellow. It is then very btittlcj and on
handling falls into a yellow powder, greal'y to the touch. 'Weis.— *•

Fringed at the edge. Empal. and Capf. hairy. Both on fruit-
bearing and barren plants, on the mid-rib underneath the leaves*
are found hemifpherical or kidney-fhapcd bodies, a little hairy:,
becoming powdery. Leers. — In ftony fhady places where it thrives
well, it grows in tufts, and the plants fupport one another nearly
upright, but when fcattered amongft other Moffes on trees or on the
ground it creeps. Leaves flat, comprefled, very thin* pale green*
pellucid, with a diftindl vein running through the middle, more or
lefs lobed, trifid or bifid at the end ; lobes blunt. Dill.

On the ground, on rocks, and in woods on the trunks of trees,

; Dill. — and wet fhady places. Huns. — [Bungay, Suffolk. Mr.
i: Stone.] P. April.

JUNGERM AN'NI A muldf'ida. Stemlefs. Shoots dvvarf
' with doubly winged clefts. —

Dill. 74. 43.

Leaves pale green ; clefts blunt. Fence at the bafe of the leaves,
tandatthe edges of the fegments, cylindrical. Fridtjl. about an
finch long, from the bafe of the leaves. Neck. — Leaves flat, pellucid,
tfucculent, greafy to the touch, pale yellow green ; thofc without
tfruitft. the moft deeply divided. Seldom exceeding ^ an inch in
ilength it would with difficulty be found, being moftly covered by
ether Moffes, did it not grow in quantities together. Weis; —

IFrutt/?. white. Cap/, dark green, fhining. Dill.

Woods and moift fliady places. Cane Wood,- nfcar Highgate,
end Charlton, Kent, 1)ill. — and about Hatopflead. Huns.

P< April, May.

L2 JUNGER*^

C R Y P T O G A M I A,

'56

jagged JUNGERMAN'NIA pin'guis. Stemlefs. Leaf
oblong, indented, greafy. —

Schmid. 35. — DfV/. 74. 42. — Mich. 4. Marfika2. — 42. 2.
— Vaill. ig. 4-

Fertile plant fmaller and more jagged, the others growing clofe
together, and fupporting each other become upright. Dill, in R.
fyn. 1 1 o. — Fruitjl. with a fheathing empal. white, pellucid, from r
to 3 inches high. Cap/, egg-lhaped, black, fhining, opening with
4 valves. Other leaves of a longer form not bearing capf. are fet
with green warty fubftances about the middle. Weis. — Empal. at
lirfi: inconfpicuous, afterwards long, tubular, entire, pale green.
Fruitjt. white, i to 2 inches long. Dill. — Fruitjl. from the hollow
indentures of the leaf, Empal. long, cylindrical.

Marlhy places and Bogs, [Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone.]

April.

Jhintng JUNGERMAN'NIA pufd'la. Stemlefs. Shoot
moftly divided into winged clefts. Lobes tiled. Empal.
plaited. —

Dill. 74. 46. — (Schmid. 22, and Hediv. theor. 1 8. 8g to 92, are
y. auguloja.)

Stemlefs. Leaf Ample, very fhort, fligntly divided into wdnged
clefts. Loier tiled. Empal. bell-lhaped, plaited on one fide. Head
before it expands black. Linn. — Leaf deeply divided into ftrap-
fhaped lobes, which again are fometimes forked. Lobes blunt,
thick, flat, afeending. Empal. often in pairs. Leers, — Fruitjl.
about f an inch long. Pollich. — Capf. round, black, fhining;
valves roundifh, finely toothed. Dill.

Shady lanes and banks, and wet places on heaths near Woolwich.
Dill. — Wray Wood near Caftle Howard, Yorkfhire. Huns.

P. March to June — 061.

germander- JUNGERMAN'NIA Jinua'ta. Stemlefs. Shoot
leaved with doubly winged clefts, flat, indented, open, the
ends with two unequal lobes. Dicks, ii. 16.

Dill. 74. 44. B. not in fknver. — Mich. 4. 3, cop. in Dill. 74. 44.
A in fimvcTy is thought by Dill, to be the fame.

Leaves permanent deep green, thin, pellucid, flat, cut into
winged fegments. Dill. — Seems to be proliferous. Leaves lying
one upon another, in which way it appears to increafe till it has
covered a large patch of rock. A'iHien hrft taken from the water it
hasaftrong, and to me an agreeable feent. I have never. found
fniblijications, though I have examined it at different times of the year.
I fufpe<;l they have never yet been found in England. Mr. Wood.

At

A L G iE. Targioriia, 157

At the head of Elm Cragg Well, under Bell Bank, near Bingley,

Yorkfhire. Dill. [Mr. Wood. — Pretty plentifully at the head
of a fpring in Middleton Wood, 2 miles from Leeds, on rocks and
Bones entirely under water. Mr. Wo 0 d.]

1314. T A R G 1 O'N I A.^

Empal. of 2 valves ; nearly globular.

Chive fitting, bell-lhaped, at the bottom of the cup.

Ess. Char. Empal. 2 valves, inclojing a globe.

Cup inflated, containing in its bottom a
Capsule globular, of many feeds. Dicks.

TARGIO'NIA hypophyl'la. Fruaifications folitary ; dotted
cups open. Dicks.

Mick. 3, Targionia; part of the plate cop. in Dill. 78. g. — Buxb. 1.

61. 4.— Co/. ecpAr. I. p. 331./. 333. , _

Not larger than the little finger nail. Green, not pellucid;
rough with white rifing dots. Leaf heart-fpear-fhaped, at firft green,
afterwards dark purple, blackifh underneath. TruStificalion at the
end, on the under fide, the fize of a vetch. Cup black; opening,
containing the fruit covered with a yellowifii fkin, and filled with a
yellowifh pulp which rubs to powder between the fingers, and ftaifis
them. Column. eepAr. '<

Heaths and fides of ditches near Dawlifli, Devonfhire.

P. Marcli — May.

TARGIO'NIA fpharocar'pus. Fruaificatic^as reticulated
crowded together. Cups perforated at the ends. Dicks. 8.

Mick. 3. Spharocarpus ; cop. in DHL 78. 1 7.

Cup reticulated like the leaf of a Jungermannia. Capf. Biting;
brownifh when ripe. Dicks. 8. — In great plenty in clover fields on
a fandy loam, the firft year. The thick tops of this plant have
much the appearance of fome of the fmaller Moftes, and have
doubtlefs on that account been overlooked, but they have a glaucous
hue which inftantly announces them to the eye accuftomed to oblerve
them. Mr. Woodward.

[Clover fields Heydcn and Norwich. Mr. Brvant.]

* CHie Tsrgionls belongs either to the Jungermannia, or Marcliant.a.

ScHRLBf.R lie Targion. — Hedwic, 'Iheoria. p. 107.

LS

1315. MAR-

158

CRYPTOGAMIA,

jlar~headfd

1315. MARCHAN'TIA, Liverg reen.

Ess. Char. Barren Floiver, Empal. target-Piaped, covered
underneath. Bloff. of i petal, 'Tips xeiith many clefts.

Fertile Flower. > Fmpal. fitting ^ bell-fhapedf with many
feeds,

Obs. In fome fpecies the barren and fertile flowers are upon
diftindl plants. F or a rnprc fatisfadlory account of the parts of fruc-
tification fee page 26.

MARCHAN'TIA polymor'pka. Common empal,
with 10 clefts, — . . r T

* Linn.

Schmid. 29. I to 30. — Hedw. theor. 24. 127 to 131, parts of fru&i-
f cation. Dill. 76. 6. E, F. — Mick. i. 1 and — Lo«. 1.219.2.
—Fuchf. 473, fmifprinted 476; cop. in Trag.523.—Matth. 1038,
mu. tn Lob. obf. 646. i, which repr. in ic. ii, 246. i, Dod. 473.
2, and Ger. em. 1565. 3 ; and again imit. in Ger. 1376, which
repr. in Matth. a. C. B. 'J^2.- — Garf. 300.

A ycllowifh fubftance refembling a lock of wool proceeds from the

capfules, appearing to move within them whilft the feed is falling

out. Linn — From 3 to 5 inches long, i broad, and irregularly
lobed ; dark green, llumng. Fruitft. in the angles of the lobes, i to
3 inches high.-; Cap/, greenifh, dividing into 8 or lo fegments.
On the upper furface we here and there obferve certain glafs-fhaped
conical cupsj on fhort pedicles, with a wide and fcolloped margin.
We IS. -which inclofe about 4 little bodies, very finely ferrated at
ee ges. Pollich.— In figure fomewhat refembling an oak leaf-
furface reticulated. Dill. ’

and on

the fides of wells and fprmgs. p. June-Aug.

B Plant fmalier; not fhining.

Dill. 77. j.—Mich. I. 2.— Lob. obf. ^pper right hand fig. repr. in
Lob. ic. 246.—/. B. iii. 758. 2.

Leaves fmalier and fhorter than in fine green, not fliining, not
reticulated ; denfely compared one upon another. Dill.

hoSr^DjrL^^ of walls, and ftones, and in fliady areas behind

y Stars with 8 clefts. Aug.

’ Mich. 1. g.

MAR-

A L G JE* MarcLantia. ' 159

MARCHAN'TIA crucia'ta. Capfule As^ith 4 crofs-headed
divifions ; fegments tubular. — “ . •

Dill 75. 5. — Mich. 4, Lunaria.-^Buxb. i. 62. 2.

Crowded in its growth, fometimes branched, new leaves proceed-
ing from the ends of the old ones, from i to i inch long, pleafant
green, not pellucid, not veined. Empal. with 4 and fometimes 5

divifions. Dill. ^

Shady courts and garden walks. I . June— Odt.

MARCH A N ' T I A he'mifpka'rica. Capfule with marjk
5 clefts; hemifpherical. Empal. none. —

Schmid. Dill 75. z.—Mich. 2. 2. -^Fl dan. 762.— Buxb.

Head hemifpherical, with 5 globules underneath. Qlobules burn-
ing, and pouring out duft, Linn. — Leaf divided into unequal
fegments, lobes fcolloped; upper furface greenifh, with innume-
rable dots. Neck.— Lea/ from i to 1 1 inch long, concave, edge
waved and fcolloped ; at firft fimple, cloven when older, and a
young one ilTuing from the end. Fniit-ftalks an inch high, brown-

ifh, naked. Dill. m tit

Sides of rivers and wet ditches, and wet rocks, P. April, May.

MARCHAN'TIA co'nica. Capfule fomewhat conic
egg-lhaped, with 5 cells. —

Schmid. ^x'.—Hedw. iheor. 25. 134 to laf.—Mich. 2. i— Di'l/.

i.—VailL 33. 8, bairen plant.— FI dan. 274, fertile plant.

' — Col. eephr. i, cop. in Park.

Leaves pleafant pale green, greafy to the touch, creeping on the
ground, dotted on the furface, producing new leaves from the ends
of the old ones. Dill.— Ferti'/e Flowers on the leaf, refembling warts.
hiss.— Fruit-flalks 3 or 4 inches high, tranfparent, very tender.

Commom empal i 5 cells burfting at the bafe, often varying in num-
ber from fome proving abortive. Seeds when ripe hanging out
attached to threads, having the appearance of the woolly fubftance
which contains the feeds of the Lycoperdons. Micheli has clefcribed
the barren as fertile and the fertile as barren flowers in all thefc
plants. Mr. WooDvv. — Leaves in large clufters, indented, blunt,
green, with feycral wliite tubercles.

On the ground on the banks of brooks in fhady places, and
fometimes on rocks. Dill. — [Very comnrton, but 1 have only
found it in fruit in one place on the fhady banks of a ditch at ^

Ditchingham, Norfolk, where 1 have obferved it for fome years.

Mr.

i6o CRYPTOGAMIA.

Mr.WooDW.— In a wet ditch near Be'l fey Bridge, Ditchingham
Mr. Stone.] P. March, April.

mujhroom- MARCHAN'TIA androg'yna. Common empal.
headed entire, hemifpherical. —

75- 3- C. —Mick. 2. 3, cop. in Dill. 75. 3. B.

> 5^5 ftrap-fhaped, forked, dotted; often notched at the end;

fnid-rib blackifh. Weber. — Fruitji. terminating, 4 to i inch high.
Plant green, ftrap-fliaped, fmooth, flat, in forked divifions. Dili,*
Under wet rocks on the mountains of Scotland. Dicks, ii. 17.

T316. B L A 'S I A.

Ess. Char. Barren Flower? Empal. cylindrical^ full of
groins.

Fertile Flower ? Empal. naked. . Fruit roundijh, funk in the
leaves^ xvith many feeds.

Obs. Ought not the Barren Flower [to be regarded as the Fertile
one, and vice verfa ? Linn. gen. pi. — For a more fatisfadlory account
of the parts of frudlification fee p. 28.

dxmrf B L A ' S I A pvjil'la. —

Schmid. blaf.—Hedw. iheor. 27. 156 <0 164, plant and parts of
friiBifcation.— Dill, Mich, j, Blafia.—Fl. dan. ^5.

,5eeu5 when ripe flowing out of a cup-like cylindrical veflel, fo
fmall that their figure is not difcemible to the naked eye. Linn. fuec.

1 053 In a circle, from i to 2 inches in diameter, deep
purple at the bafe, green at the edges, jagged. Grmvs in a circular
form in fliady places. Leaner thin, green, pellucid, with whitifh
veins towards the- bafe, waved at the edge, cloven at the ends.
F^nntfl. 1 -8th of a n inch high, feveral rifing in fucceflion from near
the ends of the leaves. Dill.

On the fidcs of ditches and rivers in a fandy foil. Flu os.— At the
hreaKing of Mcdlock River Bank at Feafington Wood between Gar-
ret and -Knotmil!, about a mile from Manchefter. Harrison in
/;i//.238.-Near Halifax. BoLTON.-.On Hoimflow Heath. Huns.

' P. Aug. — Nov.

<T1ri-. r.--,,. 1 . .

•t , . , ,

i3r7. RIG Cl' A.

A L G RiGcia,

i6i

1317. R I C'C I A.

Empal. none ; except a hollow bladder witWn thejfubftance
of the leaf. ,,

Bloss. none. ' •“ ^

Chive, ftp cylindrical ; fitting on the feed-bud ; opening
at the end. ;r

Point. Seed-hud turban-fhaped. 5/iayi "thread-lhaped;
perforating the tip.

S. Vess. globular ; with i cell ; crowned with the fhrivel-
led tip.

Seeds many; hemifpherical ; on little foot-ftalks. From
the obfervations of Schreber. Linn.

Ess. Char, [a repetition of the generic charafler.] —
For a more fatisfadlory account of the parts of fru(5lificafion
fee page 29.

R I C'C I A min'ima. Leaves fmooth ; deeply divided ; fmall
pointed. —

Dill. 78. II. — Mich. 57. 6, much magnified. — fin Schmid. 45. 3,
the ends of the Jegments are blunt.)

Shoots hardly a line in breadth, generally forked, entire and
pointed, or elft notched at the end. In the fubftance, and towards
the bafe of the leaf, in the month of Odober we may obferve green-
ifli globules, changing to brown and then to black. Weber.

On Black Heath near Greenwich. Dill. — In places that have been
o\'erflowed. Huns. A. Nov. Dec.

RIC'CIA g/flit'ca. Leaves fmooth, channelled, with marjh
2 lobes, blunt. —

Schmid. 44. I. — Hediv. theor. 29. 165 to 174. — Vaill. 19. i. — FI.
dan. 898. I. — Mich. 57. 4. — Dill. 78. 10. — Buxb. ii. 5. 5.

I have frequently obfcrved black fpots immerfed in the fubftance
of the leaves, which are what Micheli has deferibed as capfules' full
of feeds, and which has been fince clearly afeertained by Hedwig.

Mr. Woodward. — Leaves fmall, the under fide firmly fixed to the
ground, adhering at the bafe to each other, deeply divided, Pollich.

— whitifti^ green, thick, greafy, very fmooth, broadilh, furrowed
on the upper fide, frequently forked ; fegments blunt. Weber. —
Growing in a circular form. Leaves thick, iffuing from a centre,
often cloven. Roots fine black fibres from the under furface of the

plant

i62

C R Y P T O G A M I A.

plant which floats on the water. Ray. Ujl. — I have never feen it on
the water, but in roads and wet corn-fields both in fpring and
autumn. Dill.

Sandy moift heaths. [In the fame fituations, and ufually grow-
ing with Targionia Sphcerocarpos, and at the fame time. Mr. Wood-
ward.— In clover flubbles near Bungay, Suffolk, frequent. Mr.
Stone.] A. 061.— April.

floating R I C ' C I A flu'itans. Leaves forked ,• flrap thread-
fhaped. —

Vaill. ig. 74. 4. 6.— Pei muj. 2. 253.— P/.

dan. 275, ill done. 'The magnified figure reprefented as fringed.

Not having myfelf feen its frudlifications, it is ftill a doubt whe-
ther it really belong to this genus. Linn. /acc. n. 1056. — Float-
ing in ftagnant water ; brown green in fpring, pure green in fum-
mer. Dill.

Ditches and fldes of pools. P. Jan. — Dec.

fringed RIC'CIA na'tans. Leaves inverfely heart-fliaped ;
fringed. —

Dill. 78. 18.

Thc’edges of the leaves are not really fringed, but afliime that
appearance in confequence of their fending out fibrous roots.
Weber. — About ^ inch long. Fringe fometimes white. Scholl.
—Leaves fonaetimes only inverfely egg-fhaped, and without any
notch at the end ; entire at the edge, bright green. Weber. — Very
nearly allied to Targionia Ay/)Op/g)//a. Huds.

Pools about Hadley, Suffolk. Buddle in Dill. 537. [Sawfton
Moor, Cambridgefhire. Mr. Relhan.] A. Aug.— 061.

fliruh-like RIC'CIA fruticulo' fa. Leaves upright, compreffed,
varioufly branched. Mull. fl. dan. xv. 6. — Branches
upright, forked, awl-fhaped. Dicks. 8.

Fl. dan. 898. 3.

Its habit that of Jungermannia furcata. Colour verdigris, or
greenifh blue. Dicks.

On the bottom of the trunks of trees among mofs.

1318. AN-

A L G Anthoceros

163

1318. ANTHO'CEROS.

Ess. Char. Barren Flower. Fmpal, fitting, cylindrical^
entire, fip awlfhaped, very long, of 2 valves.

Fertile Flower. Empal. with 6 divijions. Seeds

Obs. DIvIfions of the empal. fometimes only 4, and then there
are but 2 feeds. Linn.— The reader is defired to refer to page
28, for a better idea of the frudbification.

ANTHO'CEROS pun^a'tus. Leaves undivided, dotted
indented, dotted. —

Di/l. 68. I. — Mich. 7. 2.— FI. dan. 396. — [Hedivig's figures of
A. l(mis 27. 1 44 to 152 ; and 28. 153 to 155, equcdly well repre-
fentthe fruclification of this. Mr. Woodward.]

Capf. and Fruitjl. from i to 3 inches long, fpreading wide in
fhady places. Leaves ihort, fcolloped, jagged, thin, pellucid', deep
green. Fruitjl. green, numerous, fheathed at the bafe. The whole
plant turns black when dried in paper. Dill. — ^Leoi/es deep green,
crifp, referribling Jungermannia pinguis. Fruitjl. Ample, from a
lopped (heathing empal. Capf. at the end of the fruit-ftalk ; valves
2, burfting. Seeds adhering to a columnar receptacle. Micheli
has deferibed the barren as fertile, and the fertile as barren flowers.

Mr. Woodward. — Dots on the leaves black. Weber.

On heaths in moiftilh fhady places. [Ellingham fen, Bungay,

Suffolk, near the diredtion poll. Mr. Stone. — Brome, Norfolk, on
the borders between the high and boggy ground. Mr. Woodward.}

P. Auguft — April.

1319. LI'CHEN.

164

CRYPTOGAM I A.

7319. L I ' C H E N.

il:

Ess. Char. Barren Flowers, Receptacle roundijk, flattijh.^
Jhimn^,

Fertile Floivers. A meal fprtnkled on the leaves. ^ Obs.
For a better idea of the mode of frudlification fee page 29.

This Genus is fub-dividecl into the

A. Tubercled ; or thofe which confifi; of a ground or

thin cruft ftudded with convex receptacles, or
tubercles.

B. Saucer-like ; a cruft ftudded with concave recep-

tacles refembling little bowls or faucers..

C. Tiled ; leaves fpreading flat, and clofely adhering

to the fubftance on which they grow.

D. Leafy. Leaves loofe from the fubftance on which

they grow.

E. Leather-like. Of a fubftance refembling leather.

F. Sooty ; adhering to the fubftance on which they grow,

only in one point ; and the furface as if fprinkled
with foot.

.G. GLAss-sHApp. Receptacles expanding into the form
of a. drinking glafs.

“ H. Shrubby. Shooting into branches refembline a
fhrub. °

I. Thread-like. Shooting into long thread-like
< branches. Linn.

' A. Tubercled. CruJlaceous,Jlud(led with convex Ftthercles.

black and L L C H E N atro-al'bus. Ground black, with black

white and white tubercles mixed together.

Jacq. coll. ii. i^. i.

It is difficult to fay which colour forms the cruft. Linn. — Cmfl.
wide fpreading, thin, firmly adhering, mealv, rough, black, thickly
fet with very fmall fub-fphaeroidal Tubercles, of a grey white
colour. Jacq. coll. ii. 185.

On rocks, and often on peat earth. P. Jan. Dec.

greenijh LI 'CHEN atro-vi'rens. Ground green, with a black
border, and black tubercles. —

Ilojjm. lick. ij. 4. — jfacq. coll. ii. 2.

Tukrcles

165

A L G Lichen.

tubercles fmall, of a yellow-greenlfh coldur, crowded, fo that the
whole furface appears of a yeliowift green, bordered by a black
margin. Linn.— Cray? -hardly difcernible On a flight infpeeftion,
infeparable, blackifti, fet with innumerable minute yellowifti dots.

When magnified a blackifh wart is found attached to each of the
yellow particles, and other warts fcattered on the cruft. The
fmallnefs of the granulations and the abfence of diftinA • lines
diftinguifhes it from the L. geqgraj) to. Hoffman.— Cn^/? very
thin, truly mealy, black. Tubercles fitting, lentil-fhaped, ver^’’
fmall, yellowilh w'atery green, fmooth, without any rifing or dif-
ferent coloured border. Jacq. coll. ii. 186. I can feeno reafon for
feparating it from L. geographkus. Mr. Wood\Vard.

On rocks, Yorkftiire.

L I 'C H EN hetuli'ms. Ground white, with a central hWch

tubercle of the fame colour. Huds. 525.

Cruji nearly * inch diameter, circular, thin, fibrous. Tubercle
folitary, hemifpherical, nearly of the fize of a hemp feed. Huns.

On the trunk and branches of the Birch. A. Sept. April.

LI 'CHEN byjfoi'des. Cruft; mealy. Tubercles on Irm’n
fruit-ftalks, fomewhat globular. Linn. — ^Cruft; brown.
Tubercles globular, brown. Huns. 527*

Dill. 14. 4.

Cruft wrinkled, very thin. Tubercles broad, deprefled, wrinkled.

Dill.

On rocks near Bifliop’s Caftle, Shroplhire. Dill.— On the bark
of trees. Huds. P. Jan.-r^Dec.

0 Huds. — Dill. 14- 5. — bi. fyn. i. 3. -Willd. 7. 20. ^ ^

Tubercles hzxd, uniform, livid reddilh colour; on whltifh pedi-
cles. Dill.

On the bark of trees. Hu ds.— [I have the true one growing on a
horfe’shoof. Mr. Relhan.]

LI 'CHEN caruleo-nl'gricans. Ground bluifla. Tu- bluijh
bcrcles blackilh. Ligutf. 805. Huds. 652.

(Dill. 82. 2, is cited by Light/, but Mr. Dickjon ajfuresus a/er an
examinaiion of the Ddlenian fjiecimens that it is L. leucophieus.)

Tubercles nearly fitting and giccnilh when young, on pedicles
and bluilh when more advanced in growtli, and blackilh when

old. Relh. ' ■

A variety of L. atro-albus. Bolt lao. (L, ciervleo-rugricans.

Rt\h. n. Qiiy. h Sphtiiia glauca.) Bolt.

On

4

1 66

CRYPTOGAM I A.

On the highland rocks, but not common. Lightf. 80/;, fNorfolk
and Suffolk. Mr, Wood w.] P. Jan. Dec

1.1 cfl/caW. Ground clear white, with

black tubercles. —

Dill. 1 8. 8. — Mich 54. ard. 37. 7.

Doubtful whether diftindl from L. Jangidnarks. MgWoodw.

Hard, ftony, firmly fixed to the rocks, gritty when chewed, rather
rough, cracked, fet with minute white eminencies, white within
thicknefs of half a ftraw’s breadth. Tubercles rarely found, fcattered*
black, not bordered. Dill, ’

On moll of the rocks of Glyder mountain, Caernarvonfhire.
Dill.— On limefione rocks in the North of England and Wales.
Huds.— On the Pentland Hills. Lightf.— And on old walls’

fvELH. T

rru • r • • Jan.— Dec.

1 hisfpecies is fo peculiar to limeftone rocks, that wherever that

ftone occurs among others, it may be diftinguifhed ame firft view
by this plant growing upon it. — When dried, powdered and fteeped
in urine it isufed to dye fcarlet, by the Welch and the inhabitants of
the Orkneys. The colour is faid to be very fine.

Between leprous and cruftaceous,

,, whitiih, with fine black pores. Tubercles cufhion-like,
Icattered, fmooth, Ihining, darktawney. Dicks, ii. 18.

Dick/. 6. 4.

CniJ? thinnifh, extended, fmoothifh, dotted with numerous fine
pores of different lizes. Tubercles confpicuous, rather loofely fcat-
tered, of the fize of muftard feeds. Dicks.

Rocks in mountainous parts of Scotland.

hornbeam

LTCH EN carpi' neus. Ground alh-coloured. Tu-
bercles whitifh, wrinkled.—

Dill. 18. ii.C. DP

On the bark of hornbeam beech and afh. Huds. — [And lime
trees. Mr. Hollhfh.k.J P. Jan.-D™!

Ground with black tubercles

gr'ey L I ' C H E N cine'reus.
edged with white.—

Hq^i. emm. ^. ^^-Jacq. coll. ii. 14. 5. b.
roug , ony, varying much in thicknefs, grey white,
convex black, fitung, a li„lc raifcd at.heedge, fuiounded

coll. ii . 8^ ’ fcollopcd when old. J.c«.

Rocks and larger ftones.

P. Jan. — Dec.
LICHEN

167

A L G Lichen.

LI'CHEN coccin'eus. Cruft mealy, greenifti brim- fcarlet
ftone coloured. Tubercles immerfed, very red. Dicks. 8.

DtcA/. 2. \.—(In Hoffm. 6. 5, thejaucers are not immerfed.J
Differs from L. ventojus in the cruft being mealy, and not warty,
hard and fmooth, and in the tubercles being immerfed ; of a very
bright red with mealy edges. Dicks.

On the ftones of Stone Henge, Wiltfhire.

LI'CHEN con'fuens. Cruft whitifti, or afh-coloured. confluent
Tubercles very black, large, convex, at )aft confluent.

Weber. 108. n. 229.

Web, 2. — Hoffm. lick. 19. i.

Crafl grey, a line or more in thicknefs, wide fpreading, cracked,
white when broken. Warts very black, coalefcing, fo as often to
cover the whole of the cruft. Hoffman.

Variety I. Surface reticulated. ’ *

Mick. 54. ord. 37. 7.

Rocks, England. Dicks, g. — Scotland. Dr. J. E. Smith.

LI'CHEN coralTmus. Branched, cylindrical, coral
bundled, level topped, very much crowded, white. —

"Jacq, coll. ii. 13. 2. — Hoffm. enum. 4. 2. — (Dill. 17* 3^> cer-'
tainly a different plant.)

Similar to L. calcareus. Cruft very thick, and when broken
appearing compofed of threads refembling coral ; the ends rounded,
without tubercles. Linn. — Is it not a variety of L. tartareus? Huns.

— ^W^eber’s deferiptioh good. Mr. Woodward. — Cruft thick, white,
broad fpreading on the rocks, appearing as if compofed of fmall
branches, and when broken the branches appeardiftindlly, their tops
forming the furface of the cruft. Tubercles only on the old fpeci-
mens, hardly vifible to the naked eye, a little hollowed. Befidesthefe
tubercles there are minute convex black dots on the cruft. Weber.

— Crujl a line in thicknefs, fnowwhite, greyifti with age, bearing on
its furface little pillars lijie coralline, -g a line, high, convex at the
ends. Jacq. coll. ii. 180.

Rocks, ftony places, and mountaiiipus heaths in Wales, the Nortli
of England, and in Scotland. E. Jan. Dec.

LI'CHEN ericeto'rum. Ground clear white. Tuber- heath
cles flefli coloured.

Hoffm. enum. S. — Dill. 14. i. — Mick. 59. ord. 35.

Tubercles convex, on foot-ftalks, refembling minute Agarics.

Linn. — Sitting, and on foot-ftalks. Hud^s. — Cruft granulated,
rough, fpread wide, grey grqen in moift, white in dry fituations and
fealons. Dill. Turty

1 68

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Turfy heaths, fides of peat bogs, gravel pits and on banks.

P. Jan.— Dec.

/3 Tubercles fitting, flat.

Hqffhi. 8. I . — FI. dan. 472! 4.

• Cruft thinner, more compadl, with fmaller- granulations. Tubercles
perfecflly fitting and in fome meafure immerfed in the crufl;. Mr.
Woodward.

L. elvelot(^es. Weber 186. Mr. Woodward.

beech LI 'CHEN fagin'eus. Ground white. Tubercles
white, mealy. —

Hojvt. enum. 2. ^.—Mich. 53. 2 and i.—Dill. 18. 11: A. B.

At firfl: powdery, when older granulated. Tubercles nearly flat,
white, with a thin border. Dill. *

On the bark of the Beech and Hornbeam, &c. P. Jan. — Dec.

*

wall L T' C H E N fufco-a'ter. Cruft. brown. Tubercles
black. — . ,

• yacg.coll.ii.i^.^.

Cruft rough, mealy, thin, hardifh, clofely adhering, dirty obfcure
grey. Tubercles lentil-fhaped, convex, black, not bordered with a
different colour. Jacq. coll. ii. 231.

On,rocks and fto^nes.

P- June — Dec. Hods. — ^Jan. Dec. Relhan.

0 .Tubercles black. Cruft none. Scop. p. 364, — Weber p. igi.
— Hagen, p. 49.

. On foaking it in water fome very fine brtnny flakes feparated
from the indurated clay on which it grew. With.

[On a mud wall. Specimen fpm Major Velley. — On rocks
in the North. Dr. Alexander.]

map ■ ^ L I'C HEN geogi]aph'icus. Ground yellowifli ; with
bidck Jines reJ'embling a map.* —

Hojfm. eipim. 3. 1, Dill. 18. 5. — FI. d^. 472. g", probably from
a Jpecirfleti turned itihk^h by age. — (FI. dan. 468. i , is a di^ej eia
Specks.) ^

Cruft orange-coloured, brittle, marked with black. Tubercles or
prominent lines of th^fame colour. Grows on Granite and other
compound ftojies, and is one of the few Britifh vegetables that can
bear the keen air of Skiddow s top. Mr. Gough. — Cruft very thin,
irregular in fhnpe, yellow, hardly feparable from the ftones on
which it grows, marked with diftindf, rifing, black lines dividing
into compartments. Tftibercles black, fmall, bift v,arying in fize,
not bordered. Dill..

* * '

Rocks

A L G AL, Lichen. i6g

Rocks in the North of England; Steiperftone, and Pentir; Scot-
land. [In the North of England in vaft patch&fometimes Reading
on a fmooth rock 3 or 4 feet fquare. Mr. Wdobw.] P. Jan. — Dec.

f, ■ ' '''.'rnij'

LrCH EN gramfor'mh. Ground whitilli,'’'gfaridlated. graniform
Tubercles black. Hagen 47.

Hagen I. 2.

Cni/? ftony, compofed of minute granules, agglutinated in lines
like the fibres of wood. Tubercles black, rather larger than the par-
ticles forming the cruft. Hagen.

On pales, and old willows. Dicks. 10.

LI'CHEN immer'fus. Web. 188. — Tubercles im- funk
merfed as it were in the ftonc, black. Hall. 2076.

Hqffm. Ikh. 12. 2 fo 4.

Crujl a white fpot, fcarcely* diftinguilhable from a calcareous
ftone; in fome inftances mealy, in others white as milk; often
interfered by black lines; marked with minute blafck hollow dots.

IVorts Immeried in the fubftance, fmall, black, roundiftl, flat ; at
ilength convex, and efcaping from the ftone leaving a cavity. Hoffm.

— Cra/? fometimes greenilb. Weber.

On pieces of chalk. Relh. «. 1026. — On ragftoiie and liirleftone
long cxpofed to the weather. With. P. Jan. — Dec.

LI'CHEN lac' tens. Ground whiter Tubercles ot xeihite
1 the fame colour, hemifpherical. — ^ ,

Hqffm. enum. 4. 6.

On rocks and ftones. HiTds. 526* P. Jan.- — Dec.

LI'CHEN mufco'rum. Crufthoary. Tubercles black, niofs
iConnefted.—

Relh.atp.^/^.

Crujl mealy, friable, grey or greenifh. Tubercles fonietlmes flat-
Xifli when dry, otherwife convex, ftiinirig; black, numerous, large,

-turban-lhaped when old. Weber.

On Mofles. [On heaths. Mr; Woodward. — Gogmagog Hills.

^ELHAN.] P; Jah.— DeCi

LI'CHEN ni'ger. Ground black. Tubercles round-
iilh, black. —

"Hbffm. enum. 3. 6, ill done, the tubercles reprefenled 45 jphite.

Crii/? granulated, hard, dry, very widely fpreading. Tjub?rdcs
xonvex, of the lize of muftard feeds. Huds.

Vol. HI.

M

Rocks

lyo C R Y P T O G A M I A.

Rocks and large ftones about St. Ive’s, Cornwall, plentifully,
[Rocks about Kirkby Lonfdale, Wefbnoreland. Dr. J. E. Smith.]

P. Jan. — Dec,

tyed LI 'CHEN ocula'tus. Cruftaceous, rough, with
fungous papillae, white. Tubercles fitting, or on foot-
ftall^, black. Dicks, ii. 17.

Dickf. 6. 3.

Crujt elevated into fhort papillae fet very clofe together, both
fimple and branched. Tubercles growing on the cruft as well as ter-
minating the papillae and branches, fometimes flat and deprefled,
fometimes convex. Dicks.

Rocks and ftones, Scotland.

Oeder's LI'CHEN Oede'ri. Linn, the Son. — Cruftaceous,
rough, red. Tubercles black. Oeder Jl. dan. viii. 8. —
Leprous-cruftaceous, cracked, rufty-red. Tubercles crowd-
ed together, growing in the fubftance of the cruft, of
different fliapes, black, with an iraperfeft border. Dicks,
ii. 17.

Hcffin. lick 19. 2. — FI. dan. 470. i. — Hoffm. lick 19. 3.

Mr. Dickfon cites FI. dan. 470. i ; which agrees with Hoffmam
rg. 3. but from his fpecific characfter it would rather feem that his
plant is the variety figured by Hoffman 19. 2, as quoted above.
Cmjl half a line thick, cracking into fmall partitions when dry,
colour of rufty Iron. Tubercles numerous, fometimes crowded,
' blue-black, encompafled with a narrow margin, fhining when wet,
flat, but convex and perforated at the top when old. Hoffman.

,* Rocks and ftones in Scotland.

pierced hl'CREN perfu'fus. Ground with fmooth warts, fet
chequer-wife, and pierced with i or 2 cylindrical holes. —
Dill. I. 8. g.—Jacq. coll. ii. 13. 3. — FI. dan. 766. — Bolt.

126. — Hoffm. enum. — Wieg. 2.15. — FI. dan, 468. 2?

— Mick 52. ord. 32 to 56. 2, Lichenoides : in its earliejl fiage.

— Hag. I. 3.

Ground leprous, white, thin, but where it produces frucftifications
thick, cloven into angular warts. Linn. — Cmijl thin. Tubercles
innumerable, unequal, wrinkled, but fmooth to the touch, grey
green, hollow within, opening at the top with one or more apertures,
correfponding with the number of cavities in the fubftance. Dili.'

L. verrucofus. Hudf. ed. i. 445,

Banks of trees, rocks, and walls, P. Jan. — Dec.

LI'CHExN

A L G M, Lichen.

L PC HEN quer'neus* Cruft yellowifh, with a tinge Qdk
of brown. Tubercles nearly immerfed, black. Dicks. 2.

DickJ, 2. 3.

Cruft growing irregularly to the bark of trees, compofed of granules ’
of a pale yellow. Tubercles convex, unequal, which from the tilings
of the cruft fometimes feem as if immerfed. Very much refem-
bling a Byjfus, but its fruAification proves it to be a Lichen. Dicks.

• — Cruft following the linuolities of the bark, without any defined
margin, compofed of microfcopic granules of a dirty cream colour.

Tubercles rather rare, minute, feldom fo large as the fmalleft pin’s
head, blackifh, irregularly difperfed. Mr. Woodward.

On the trunks of oaks. [Frequently in patches of conliderablc
extent, feldom more than 3 or 4 feet from the ground. Mr. Wood-
ward.] P. Jan.— Dec.

L I ' C H E N ru'Jus. Cruft greenifti. Tubercles ^rown

moftly on fruit-ftalks, flattifh, brown. Huds.

^ Hqffm. enum. 8. 4. — DHL 14. 2.

No proper cruft for its bafc, but numerous, fmall, whitilh leafits,
from whence arife grey green pedicles, fupportinglargifh pale brown
tubercles. Dill.

Heaths and ditch banks. Hampftead Heath. Dill.

A. OA. — March.

LI 'CHEN rug&fus. Ground whitilh, diverfilied xviinhled
with fimple black lines and dots, fet thick together. —

Dill. 18. 2.— ‘Hqffm. enum. 2. 5.

Cruft very thin, white, with numerous black fpots and lines. Dill.

Common on the bark of trees. P. Jan. — Dec,

L I 'C H E N rupic'ola. Ground whitilh. Tubercles rock
pale, with white brims. Linn. — Sometimes greenijh, and
without brims. Linn.

Hqffm. enum. 6. 3. — Hqffm. lick. 22. i fo 4.

Ground very thin. Ta^ercfer fometimes fomewhat convex, greenifti,
giving to the plant a different appearance. Linn. — Cruft, if any,

' very thin, white or greyifh. Warts numerous, fome with a thick
border and a fmall cavity in the middle, others nearly flat, irregular
sand angular, from their compreffing one another, livid in the center,
wthers again raifed, furrounded fpiially twice or thrice with a white
ior grey border, and hardly any central part. Hon man.

On iimeftone rocks. P. Jan.— Dec.

M 2

LI CHEN

172 ' C R Y P T O G A M I a;. '

black knobbed L I ' C H EN fanguina'rius. Ground greeniflj, inclining
to ath-Golour. Tubercles black. —

Weig. obj. 2, 13. — Hoffm. enum. 5. 3, ri., 4, 4, 4, 4. — Dill. 18. 3.

Ground very thin, fomewhat afh<oloured. Tvhercks fomewhat
globular, large, not glofly ; brim imperfedl, angular, not mem-
branaceous. Linn. — Wlien on rocks, rough and teflellated.
Linnaeus fays that the tubercles.when broken are red within, which I
have fometimes found to be the cafe when growing upon rocks.
Ligjitf. — And fometimes though rarely when growing upon trees.
Mr. Woodward. — Crujl grey green on trees, whiter on ftones,
greener, thicker, and rougher on the ground. Tubercles from "the
fize of a poppy feed to that of millet, without a border. Dill.

Rocks, walls, bark of trees, and turfy heaths. P. Jan. — Dec,

lettered LI 'CHEN fcrip'tus. Ground whitilh, with black
branching lines refembling written charafters. —

Mich. 56, Lichenoides^. — HoJ^m. enum. 3. 2, a. c. d. — Dill. 18.

I , and 55. g, being the ground on wldch a Bryum is depi&ed.

Cruft, vvhitifh, very thin,, marked with various black lines like*
Arabic characters, by which it is readily diftinguifhable. Dill.

On elrfts and oaks. P. Jan. — Dec.

, « Lightf. 800. — large, black, in high relief, of no
regular figure, bearing a rude refemblance to Hebrew characters.

Hoffm. 3. 2./. f not e. as mifprinted.J

. ^pulicarts. Tubercles fmall, black, like fleas. Lightf. 8ox.

1 Mich. 56. 2.

In the crevices of the bark of old oaks. Sphaeria fulcata, which fee,

Jpherical LI 'CHEN fpharol'des. Ground afli-coloured, green-
ifh. Tubercles globular, flefh-coloured. Dicks. 9.

DickJ, 2. 2. '

Ciruft betweeii mealy and wrinkled, greenifti with a tinge of fea-
green. Tubercles fmall, fpheroidal, dirty yellow or brown, heaped up
into little clufters. Dicks.

Heaths and woods. June.

fulphureous L I 'CHEN fuMu'reusi Cruftaceous, rough, brlm-
ftone coloured. Tubercles black. Hoffm. 32. — Be-
tween leprous and cruftaceous, cracked, fomewhat hunched,
pale brimftone coloureds Tubercles irregular, minute,
brownilh black. Dicks, ii* ly.

Hoffm. enum, 4. i.^Plant. Uch. 1 1. 3.

Cruft like tartar, unequal, thickilh, raifed, cracked and teffellated,
pale fulphur colour, white at the edge when broken. T 'ibercles at
firil numerous cloudy fpots^ at length riling out of the cruft, not

readily

173

A L G iE. Lichen.

readily diftinguifhable from it but by the blackifii or dirty veddiih
colour. Hoffman.

Rocks in Scotland.

L rC H E N vento'fus.^ Ground yellow. Tubercles, red fpangled
red. Linn. — Ground becoming white by age. Weber. Pr.

J. E, Smith.

* rVeb. I. L. cruentus.*^FL dan. y 12, the lomrmqjt figures, a good
representation of the plant. The cruft is defcribed as greenijh, and
■ the Saucers at the Some time bordered with white. — Dill. 18. 14, ow
.■ the authority of Mr. Ughtfoot's examination of the LAllpnianSpedmen.

— FI. dan. 2. i , very ill done,if the plani.—rFl. dan. 470. 2,25
fcdd by Weber to nfemble his plant in its younger ftate. The ground
is defcribed as white.

Ground whitiih, wrinkled, thick. Saucers convex, large, brownilh
red, the brims bent back fo as to give them the appearance of
tubercles. Hcdit that of L. tartar Hues.— Taierc/es large apd
irregularly fhaped, at firft very convex ; through age flatter, and with
whitifh margin from being furrounded by the crull, at length
putting on the appearance of margined targets. The line between
tubercled and faucer-like Lichens remains yet to be drawn ; or rather it
is more probable that future obferyations will entirely remove the
artificial one at preCent formed. h/Ir. VVoodward,

L. gelidus, Hudf. 528. Dr. J. R. Smith. .

. On rocks i Pentirrocks in Wales. Dill. — And in the North of
England, Yorkftire, and botfa-the Lowlands and Highlands. [Above
Bownefs on the banks of Wiiiandermere^ and on Cafterton Fell near
Kirkby Lonfdale. Dr. J. E. Sm‘ith.— Upon rocks on the fides and

tops of hills in Dartmoor, Devonfhire. Mr, Newberry.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

L rC H E N verna'lis. Ground whitifh, ^ Tubercles rujy
roundifh, ruft-;jcolo tired. —

Hoffm. enum. 5. i.—Dill. 18. 4, ajid the central part of ss.'S. .

Ground alh-colourecf-white. Tubercles nearly globular, jelly-like,
crowded, fitting, without a cup-like brim. Linn, — Cruft very thin^

^rey white. Tubercles of various fizes, not bordered. Dill.

L./erraginm. Hudf. p. 526. '

* l have fpecimens of Weber's L. cruentus from Yorkfliire, and be-
lieve it to be quite a diflinit fpecies. Mr, Relhan. — Certainly diftiudl
from the i^per fig. FI. dan. 712, but I can perceive no fpccitlc diftiudUou
between it and the lowermoft fig. With.

>74

CRYPTOGAMIA. .

»

J

Barks of trees, old pales, and fometimes walls and rocks.

P. Jan.— ^Dec,

P Tubercles brownilh, fomewhat foft and jelly*like, not fo diftind
as a, but crowded together. , Perhaps it may be a diftin<5l fpecies.
LiGHTF.-^They feem to me to be perfedlly diftina. Mr. Woodw.

B. PT'ifA S A u c E R s . Crujlhceous, Jludded with concave Receptacles.

powdered LI'CHEN albej'ceni, Cruftaceous, afh-coloured.

Saucers concave, mealy, whitilli. Huns. ed. I. and II. 529.
Hojfm. enum. 7. 5. a.

Has the habit of L. carpineus. Huds.

On walls and the bark of trees. p,

LI'CHEN aVer, Cruft whitifh, wrinkled. Saucers
black, borders white, moftly fcolloped. Huds.

Dill. 1 8. 15. A; and 8, the parts next the fore edge of the fione
on which the Bryum grows.— Jiaffin, enum. 4. 4.

Smiceri fometimes very entire. Huds.— Cr?i/?, when on trees, thin,
alh-coloured, hardly reparable from the bark; on ftones, whiter,
thicker, more wrinkled and more ftony. Shields black, at firft fmall,
, Without a border, as they grow larger, are nearly flat, and have a thin
white border. Dill.

Common on walls, rocks, and barks of trees. ' P. Jan. Dec.

^ 0 Cruft thicker and whiter, Saucers, borders wrinkled and bent
in. Lightf. p. 814.

On walls.

black and yel- LI'CHEN byf'fnus, Hoffm. enum, 46.— Cruf-
low taceous powdery, blackifh. Saucers Hat, yellow, bordered
with white. Dicks, ii. 19. '

Hojf'm. enum. 4. 7.

Trees and ftones, Scotland.

bluifk L I 'C H E N ccf'JIus. Cruftaceous, of a nifty cchrey^

, Dickf. 6, 6,

Cr«7? equal, between wrinkled and tubercled, cracked. Saucers
ftnall, nwnierous, fcattered, black, covered with a fea green bluilh
blirom the bottom deprefled, the margin convex and tliick. Dicks.
Un hate cocks in the mountains of Scotland.

golden Cruft deep yellow. Saucers

Hoffm.

A L G iE. Lichen. 175

Hcffm. Uch. 17. 3. — Jfacg. coU. iii. 6. i.-^Dili i8. i8. B.

Crufi fpreading wide, often to a hand’s breadth, moderately thick,
yellow. Leaves wrinkled, cloven, firmly fixed, lobes blunt, pulpy,
with age unking and becoming powdery. Scuicers very numerous,
yellow, to orange, grcenifh when wet, Subftance whitifh, friable.

Hoffman.

L. Candelarias a. Lightf. 8n.

Rocks, walls, trunks of trees, old boards, and old pales.

’ P. Jan. — Dec.

LI'CHEN can e/'cm. Cruft expanded, whitifli with hoary
a tinge of fea green. Saucers very black. Dicks, io. —

Tubercles crowded. Relh. n. 846.

Dickf. 2. 5. — Dill. 18. 17. A.

Crujl circular, 1 to 2 inches diameter, prefTed to, or hoary,
wrinkled, lobed, refembljng fmall leaves cohering together, fprinkled
in the center with mealy globules. Saucers fmall, numerous in the
center, the margin blunt, of the colour of the difk. Being rarely
found with Saucers, it has been fuppofed to belong to the L. pallejcens.

Dicks. — Has nothing in common with L. pallejcens. Mr. Woodw.

—Crufi adhering very clofely to the bark of trees, and the fides of
walls, in circular patches from ^ to 3 inches over, afh-coloured,
wrinkled, lefs wrinkled in the center, rather leafy at the edge. Dill,

L. incams. Relh. n. 846.

Walls and trunks of trees. [Very common on old trees, but
rarely in frudlification. Mr. Woodward.]

LI'CHEN cupula' ris» Cruftaceous, whitifli-green. acorn-cup
Saucers hemifpherical,very palebrick-cojoured, the border
convex and whitifh. Hedvv. Jlirp, ii. 58.— —Cracked, with
black dots. Saucers concave, reddifh. Dicks, ii. i3.

• Hedw. Jlirp. ii. 20. A.

Slate rocks in Scotland.

L rC H E N flavef'cens. Cruft of a yello\v greehmi yellow 1
hue. Saucers reddilli yellow. Huds. ed. i. and ii.

528. Hoffm. 59.

Dill. 18. 18. A. C. — Hojjm. enum. 9. 3, is jagged.

Habit that of L. candelarius, but the crujl circular, wrinkled,
greeriifh ; and the Jaucei'soi a brownifh yellow hue, or earthy yellow ;
convex. Huds.

Bark of trees, walls, rocks, and ftones,

LI'CHEN

>75 C R y P T O G A M I A.

orange L PC H EN Jlavo-rubeJ'cens. Cruft of an alli-coloured-
greenifti hue. Saucers orange-coloured, Huds. ed,
i andii.

Fl.dan.gg^.i.

r L. aurantiacus. Lightf. 8io.

Trunks of trees, rocks and Hones, P. Jan. Dec.

LI 'CHEN frlfidus.^ Cruftaceous, whitifli, fomewhat
IJirubby ; little branches very fhort, crowded. Saucers
bordered, tile-coloured. Linn, the Son, in Syft. veg. 958.—
Expanded, flirub-like, white. Saucers flat/ ochrey-flefli-
coloured, borders white. Dicks, ii. 19.

Linn. fl. mujc. 2. 4.

On the tops of the Highland mountains.

brmnlfi yel. 'L r C H E N fufco-lu’te.s, Cruftaceous. whitift, con-
tow ■ lifting of granulated malfes. Saucers flat, dirty yellow

imperteftly bordered. Dicks, ii. 18. ‘ ^ ^ *

Dickf. 6. 2.

Crujl cohering, .covering Mofles and other dead plants on which it
grows, fothat.it has the appearance of having leaves and branches
. Saucers oi mjddling fize, covered with a yellow meal, which bein^
rubbed off they appear black, whence .their general dirty hue!
So-der vifible by means of a magnifying glafs. Dicks.

On Ben Lawers and other mountains of Scotland,

LICHEN gel'tdus. Cruftacequs, whitifli. Saucers
with tubercles, wainkled, tile-coloured. Linn.— Nearly
orbicular, fomewhat wrinkled, plaited-crac'ked, the center
bearing tubercles. Saucers concave, red, with a border
formed by the pruft. Dicks, ii. 19. ,

• Fl. dan. 470. 2.~(Dill. 18. 18. a. c. is referred to by Linn, not as

being the plant, but as it would afford a good reprefentation of it, pro-
vided the targets were twice as large, were all convex, and not
bordered.)

CruT? leafy, circular, fodofely growing to the rocks as not to be

feparaled from them ; whitifh, longitudinally wrinkled. Tubercles
occupying the center of the cruft, reddilh tile-coloured, convex, con-

lid^dbly elevated, with ray-hke plaits, without any border. Linn.

The rednefs of the faucers difappears wheu the plant is
uiy. Dicks. ^

L. heclcc Oeder fl. dan. viii 8, as Oeder very rightly conjeeftured.
As binna'us had not obferyed any faucers, he only mentioned a .

tubercle

177

A L G Lichen.

tubercle in the centre. — L.geMus. Hudf. 528, is a very different
plant. Dicks. — See L. ventofus.

Rocks in the Highland mountains.

L I'C H E N glbbo'fus, Cruftaceous, warty, brown, gibbous
Saucers nearly immerfed, black, bordered by the cruft.

Dicks, ii. 20.

DichJ. 6. 5. *

Crujl thickifh, unequal, hiftiched, .with warts. Saucers fhining,
as if clammy, the border thick, and in reality nothing more than a

projection of the cruft. Dicks*. ^

On alpine rocks. On the fummit of Ben Lawers. *

♦ . •

L I'C H E N lentig'erus. Cruft whitilh, fomewhat white.
lobed. Saucers yellowilh when full grown, white at the
edge. Linn, the Son. — Tiled. ^Leafits lobed,^ roundjsd,
icolloped, white. Saucers yellow.* Relh. n. 865.

Relit, at p. 430. — Weber 3. — Hoffm. 9. ^.—{Mich. 51. '2, a different
Species.)

Crujl pure white, fhining^divided into lobes fo as to appear of the
leafy kind, expanding into flat circular tufts. Saucers fmall, con-
cave, at firft of the fame colour with the cruft. Linn, the Son, from
Weber. — Crufi. leafy. Saucers, at length becoming convex tubercles.

Weber. 192“. — Saucers, the yohnger very fmall? Relh. — Leaves
cream-coloured, clofely tiled.. Saucers tawny. Mr. Woodward.

Heaths and dry paftures, Gogmagog Hills, Newmarket, and a
heath near Newmarket. * P. Jan. — Dec.

LI'.CH,EN leucoplits'us. Cruftaceous, afh-coloured- bluifk'
brown. Tubercles brown. Vahl. Jl. dan. xvi. 8. —
Cruftaceoiw-tiled, Leaves very minute, .between fcol-
loped and with many clefts, fea-green-brown ; the ends
thicker, very blunt, white and mealy. Saucers flat, black
with whitilh borders. Dicks, li. 20, — Saucers when moift-
ened bay. Dill.

• • FI. dan'. 955. 2. — Dill. 82. 2.

Compofed entirely of granulated particleg of a greyifli blue
colour. Out of which rife a few tubercles, flat, flefhy, light reddifh
colour when frefh, blackifh when dry. The under fide of the cruft
is black, fpongy, and like as if it had been burnt. Dill.

On rocks thinly covered with foil, in the Highlands.

LI 'CHEN In' tens. Cruft of an afh-coloured ^eenifh yellow
hue. Saucers yellow, edged with the fame colour.

Dicks. 11.

Dickf.

lyS

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Dickf. 2. 6.

Crujl a hoary meal, often fcarcely difcernible, finely fprinkled
over a ftratum of mofs, or merely tinging it of a whitifti hue.
Saucers deep yellow, numerous, of a middling fize, flat, fometimes
2 or 3 together, the reft fcattered. Dicks.

Trunks of trees.

marble LI'CHEN marmo'reus. Scop. 72. 1379. — Cruftaceous,
fomewhat aih-coloured. Saucers fleili-coloured, fome-
what hairy. Hoffm. 44. — Powdery. Saucers (lightly

concave without, and at the edge fomewhat hairy and
white. Dicks, ii. 18.

• Hcffm. enum. 6. 4, (not Jacq. coU. ii. 13. 1.9
On the bark of trees, and on the bare ground covered with decayed
mofs, in Yorkfliire, Derbyftiire, and Scotland.

zvall LI'CHEN mura'lis. Tiled, greenifh with a tinge of
vellow. Saucers of the fame colour, ' at length yellow,
borders pale. Schreb. lipf. 130. — Somewhat tiled. Dicks.
II. Relh. n. 1028.

Hojfm. Itch. 16. i.—Jacq. coll. ii. 13. 4. a. — Mich. 51 . Hoffm,

enum. 1 1. 1, (not g. 1, as cited in the dejcription.j
Dry, friable, circular, leafy at the edge, leaves crowded, prefled
and firmly fixed to the ftone or wood on which it grows, narrow,
cut into fegments, fcolloped and cloven at the end. Saucers in the
centml part, very numerous, almoft covering it, varying in colour,
flattifh, grey green, yellowifh, tawny, reddifti or brown, paler
at the edge. Whole plant greenifh when young and wet, dirty
• grey or yellow brown when old and diy. Hoffman.

(Not L. palkjcens under which Reichard has inferted it as a
fynonym. No one who had examined both could poflibly fuppofe
them the fame. It much more nearly refcmbles L. cartilaniieus.
Mr. Woodward.)

Rocks and old walls. [Not uncommon. Mr. Woodward.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

pale LI CHEN pa/Ze/'cm. Cruft whitidi, faucers pale.
Hoffm. enum. 10. 2. z.—DiU. 18. 17. R, (AisL. canefcens of Dickf. J
Can fcarcely be faid to have any cruft, being ufually nothing more
than a congeries o£fau6ers, frequently fo crowded as to form a con-
vex furface, the inner- ones being prefTed upwards by the outer.
Mr. WooDW.— Growing in a circular form, often covered with a
pow cry, greenifh lubflance. Sauco^s greatly crowded, of no regu-
lar fhape, fmall, flat, preffed together, grey green ox lead cofour,
border wh ite. Crull irregular, afh-coloured , leafy at the edge. Dill.
Rocks, walls, and trunks of trees. - p. jan. ^flec.

LI'CHEN

A L G Lichen

179

hl'CHE'S pal'lidus, HoPfm. — Cmftaceous, (lightly pale
woolly, hoary. Saucers elevated, flat, rough, brown;
the border waved, white, Dicks, ii, 19.

Hoffm. mum. 5. 2. — Hoffm. lick. ty. 2.

Crnft unequal in thicknefs ; very white, greyifh with age. Saucers
when young, whitifh grains, with a very fmall aperture ; when
opened, pale flelh or rcddilh colour. Hoffman.

On the clefts of the bark of trees, and on dry wood.

LI 'CHEN Parel'lus, Cruft white. Saucers concave, crah’s-eye
pale, with blunt brims. —

Hoffm. mum. 6. 2. — Dill. 18. 10. — ffffm. lick. 12. 5. — Pet. mufc.f. 79.

Sometimes fo different in its appearance as to be with difficulty
known, the crujl being much thinner, and the Jaucers larger and
flatter than common. Crujl thick, warty, white in its fradlure,
reddifli when wet and rubbed to powder. Saucers numerous, whiter
than the warts, globular but depreffed in the center, larger and flatter
with age. Hoffm. — Crufl wrinkled, granulated, ftony to appearance,

■not gritty when chewed, but rather tough ; yellowifh when
cut. iSaacgrs like crab’s eyes, whitifh. Dill.— -Litmus is prepared
from this fpecies. For this purpofe it is gathered from the rocks in
the North of England, and fent to London in calks. With.

Rocks, walk, ftones, trunks of trees. [Malvern Hilk, Worcefler-
(hire. St. — On the fmooth bark of a beech in Hertfordffiire.

Mr. Woodward.] P. Jan. — Dec.

LI 'CHEN fezizcn'des. Cruft fugacious. Saucers Peziza '
yellow, crowded, bordered. Weber 200.

Dickf. 2. 4. — Hoffm. mum. 7. 6.

Crujl fea-green, blackifh when old, not always to be found.

Saucers yellow when young, broiyniffi afterwards, at length quite
brown; fhining, flattifh but fometimes convex, border raifed,
fcolloped, fea-green. Wf.ber.

Sandy banks.

LI'CHEN rtmo'fus, RETZ./cund. 133^. — Ground chinked
whitifh, full of chinks; the portions roui;di{h, angular.

Saucers^ fea-green, with white brims. Oeder in fl.
dan, viii. 8.

FI. dcou 468. 3.

Rocks and ftones in Yorkfhire. Dicks. 12.

LI'CH EN/crzi/)oy«j-. Cruft afli-coloured, granulated, hollowed
Saucers immerfed, black, finely fcolloped at tlae edge.
ScHREB.y^iV, 133. Dicks, p. 11,

Hoffm.

i8o C R Y P T O G A M r A.

Hojm. Itch. I r. 2.— Hall. mm. 2. 6, atp. gr, repr. in hifi. 47. 6, of
ui.p. 88. — Dill. 18. 15. B. — Hqffm. 6. i.

Crujl when moift greenifli-afh-coloured, when dry greyifh. Mr.

' WooDW. — Crufty, thick, cracked, warty, grey; whitifti when

thinner, brittle when dry. Saucers funk in the cruft, hollow, lead-
coloured. Hoffman.

L. excavatus. Relh. p. 426.

Walls and dry heaths, Gogmagog Hill, Newmarket Heath. [On
walls frequent, Norfolk and Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.]

P. Jan. — Dec,

/3 Cruft widely expanded, thicker. Relh.

On walls.

• ♦

hrown-fpan- LI'CHEN Cruft whitifh. Saucers black ;
gled the younger pitcher-ftiaped and hollow. Liaa. fyjl. veg.
958.— Brownifli, border afh-coloured, fometimesfcolloped.
Sp.pl. 1609.

Dill. 18. 16. A, A, in two compartments qf jig. 3 and q. of the upper
row. — Hqffni. enum. 5. ^, the compartments numbered 3, 3, 3, 3.

' — Dill. 18. 16. R, the borders Jcolloped.

On the bark of trees, and walls. P. Jan. Dec.

fuh-imbri- L PC HEN fub-imbrica'tus. Cruft afh-coloured,
cated fomewhat tiled. Saucers black, crowded, borders white.
Relh. n. 856.

Relh. atp. 427.

Crujl circular, thick* fomewhat tiled at the edge, i to 4 inches in
diameter. Sazicerj very numerous. Relh.— Has a tendency like
the centrifugus to lofe its central part, which falling off with the old
faucers, leaves only the fomewhat tiled leaves. Mr. Woodward

Stones and walls. ‘ P. Jan.— Dec.

6

tartareous LPCHEN tarta'reus. Cruft greenifli, with a tin

of white-; faueprs yellowifli, white at the edge. Linn. '
—Cruft whiti/h. Saucers yellow. Huns,

Dill. 18. 13, referred to by Hudf. and Ughtf.is thg plant here intended
and which correfponds with the Linnaan charaaer.—Fl. dan. 71 2.
j.—Pluk. go. 4, the faucers Separate.— ('Dill. 18. 12, and Mich.
52. ord. 33, are refeired to by Unnms, Pollich, and Hagen, but
the faucers of Jjtllenius s plant are deferibed as bi'ozcn, and thofc
of Micheli's as black.) * •

§ubftance tough, not gritty; acrid. Cn(/? thickilh, widefpread-
ing, greatly wrinkled, reticulated underneath, growing on other
decayed moffes. Saucers large, deeply concave, borders fometimes

fcollope^d.

A L G Lichen.

•

fcolloped. Dill. — It affumes various appearances. Sometimes
has a thinner and more uniform cruft than ufual, thickly covered
with white tubercle-like excrefcences, and free from fhields except
in the center, where they are fo thickly crowded as to be confluent.
Sometimes it grows on mofs, the branches of which are furrounded
with it exaaiy like the incruftations formed by fprings abounding
in a calcareous earth running over a bed of mofs. Mr. Woodw.

Rocks and large ftones. North of England, Devpnlhire and ^ .

Wales. Bingley, Yorklhire, Caernarvon, Higlilands and Lowlands.

[Stier^erftone, Shroplhire. Dill. St. — Malvern Hills. Mr.
Ballard. St.]

'ltiscommoninDerbyfhire,'and incrufts moft of theilones at
Urfwic Mere. It is gathered for the dyers, by peafants who fell
it for a penny a pound. They can colledl 20 or 30 pounds a day.

It gives a purple colour.

' . L r C H E N upjali.en'fis. Cruft, with awl-fliaped, fcored upj(il

• leaves. —

Dickf. 2. 7. — Hoffnu emm. 7. i. — Hoffin. lick. 21.2.

Of the fize of L. faxatilis, afti-coloured, white, compofed of
briftles; inTlhs ftraight, white, withering, proftrate, unequal, con-
fufed, very Ample, as long as the nail, very brittle, frequently feveral _
united at the bafe. Saucers white, with a blunt border, rather large,
from the root, not placed on the briftles. Linn. — Criifi oi a milky
whitenefs, very brittle, invefting flendcr leaves of grafs or mofs.
Saucers globular, dimpled, crowded, cream coloured. Hoffm.

Heaths near Norwich.

C. Tiled. Leaves fpreaitng fiat, and fixed to the fubfiance on which

they grow. -

’ L r C H E N carno'fus. Tiled. Leafits very much
crowded, nearly upright, rounded, torn, the margin

* mealy. Saucers thick, elevated, flat, jeddifh brown.
Dicks, ii. 21. •

Dickf. 6. 7.

Leaves minute, brownifh green, curling when dry. Saucers rather
remote, fomc conncifted, riling from between and fomcwhat higher
than the leaves, flelhy, fraooth, paler underneath. Dicks.

Rocks on the mountains of Scotland.

LI'CHEN cartilagin’eus. Tiled. Leaves fcolloped,
pile, griftly. Saucers flat, tawny. Lightf. 815.

Leaves lobed, rounded, greenilh. Huds. 530.

Mkh.

1 82

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Mck. 51. ord. 30. t.—Hoffm. enum. 19. t.—Dill. 24. 74.
— Mich. 51. ord. 30. 2, in its yomger ftcUe?—{In Mich. 48. 2,
the Jaucers axe much larger than in this f pecks.)

Leaves fmall, roundifh, fomewhat notched, very thick, of a yellow
I herbaceous hue, Huns. — flefhy. Saucers, the young ones concave
and regular, the old ones flat and irregular. Mr. Woodward.

L. crajfus. Hudf. 530.

Rocks thinly covered with earth, and mountainous heaths. Near
Newborough, on Llandwellyn Rocks ; on Glyder Hill ; about Mai-
ham, Yorkfhire, Weftmoreland, and King’s Park, near Edinburgh.

P. Jan. — Dec.

Spreading ^ LVCUZN centrifugus. Tiled. Leaves with many
impenect clefts ; fmooth ; whitilh ; pointing from a
center. Saucers reddilh brown. —

Hoffm. enum. 10. 3 —Dill. 24. lick. 16. 2.— FI. lapp.

II. 2. — Buxh. ii. 7. 3.

Diftinguifhable at firfl: fight by fpreading from a centre to the
circumference and graduaUy decaying in the middle. Linn. fuec.
n. 1074.— Circular, flat, outer leaves largeft, tiled, neatly fcolloped

^ Colour greenifti, glaucous, or

yellowifh when growing on wood. Surface minutely dotted witli
black or rough with very minute cylindrical fubftances. Saucers
m the center, crowded, large, irregular, red brown or black.
HoFFMAN—Weis’s and Lightfoofs defcriptions good. Leaves
ufually covered with numerous granulations like L. phyfodes, and
others of this divifion. Saucers, the fmall ones cup-fliaped, and
.regular, the large ones much and varioufly diffbrmed, in age the
brown part dropping out, leaving the exterior cup which is then of
the fame colour with the leaves, except that the infide is rather
greener. Mr. Woqdwakd. —Leaves difpofed in a circular form,
the outer ones the largeft, elegantly fcolloped, laid like tiles one
over another, yellow green, black on the under fide. Swceri reddifli
brown, edged with yellow green. Dill.

Rocks, walls, large ftones, and trunks of trees. P. Jan.— Dec.

r«rW LPCHEN Tiled. Leaves lobed ; lopped ;

^ r Saucers of the fame colour.

Dili. I g. 23.

^ ‘juried and lefs

jelly-like, the lobes of the leaves being round, blunt, and not

iM e as in L. crtfiatns, Mr. Woodward. — Leaves dark green,

rather

A L G Lichen.

rath«r thick, divided into broad (hallow lobes, innermoft leaves
fmalleft, curled. Lobes blunt, fcolloped in the I'ummer, hardly
perceptibly fo in the fpring. Saucers dark green, lying flat on the
leaves; border granulated. Dill.

Shady places on ftones and at the bottom of walls.

A. 0(51. — June.

LI'CH EN crijla'tus. Tiled, between toothed and crejled
fringed. Saucers larger than the leaves. —

IM. 19. 26. — fDilL 19. 25, is L. marginalis.)

Leaves, their crefted appearance beft obferved in the young plants.

Saucers fometimes very large and confluent. Mr. Woodw. — Leaves
glaucous green, crowded, tiled, thick, flat, cut at the edges into
many (hallow fegments. Saucers at the bafe of the leaves, very
broaL fcarcely concave, brown or redclKh brown in the center,
border the colour of the leaves. Dill.

Rocks, ftones, walls, and fhady ftony places. [On the ground.

Mr. Woodward.] A. Odl. — ^July.

L r C H E N decip'iens, Hedw. firp. ii. 7. Tiled, deceiving
Leaves nearly circular, rather diftant, full tawny ; white
underneath and at the edge. Saucers on the edge, con-
vex, black. Dicks, ii. 21. — Leaves lobed, (hining, brown-
ifh. Saucers browirifli, the border white, ftar-like.

Relh. n. 866.

Hediv.Jlirp. ii. i. 5.

Very beautiful. Saucers, the edges (ilvery white. Relhan. —

Saucers very numerous, bright brownifh colour, the margins fcol-
loped, white, (hining, the younger flat, the older irregular and
deformed, in age black. Mr. Woodw. — Flat, expanded, rather
thick; roundKh when young, oblong when old, rather concave,
fmooth, brick colour, paler when dry. Hedwig.

L.Jlellatus. Relh. 430.

On the ground on heaths, dry paftures, and barren places. Gog-
magog Hills, Newmarket Heath, in Surry and Scotland.

P. Jan. — ^Dec.

faldunien'Jis. Tiled. Leaves ftrap-lhaped, cesri
forked, flattilh, pointed, black. Saucers black. —

FI. dan. g^S.—jfdcq. mife. ii. 10. 2. — Dill. 24. 81. —
enum. 17. 2.

Circular, leathery, thin, both furfaces (hining, brown changing to
black, curled at the edge, lobes blunt, while within. Saucers very
numerous and crowded on the upper furface, concave, black, ftun-
ing. Jacquin. Rocks

184

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Rocks and large ftones, on the Highland hiountains. Lightf.—'
Near Langdale, Lancafliire. HudS. P. Jan. — Dec^

river LI 'CHEN fluviat'ilisi Tiled. Leaves lobedjfome-
vvhat fcolloped, convex, blackifli green. Saucers globular,
hollow, of the fame colour. Huds. 536.

Dill. ig» 28.

Fixed by the center. Leaves or fhoots varioufly divided, convex
above, concave belcros the ends with fmall indentations ; hardifb,
gelatinous and pellucid when viewed againft the light, dirty green,
black above when dry and grey underneath. The leaves are proli-
ferous, but not jointed. Dill.

On ftones under water in alpine rivulets. In a ftream coming
out of Malham Cove, Yorkfhire, and in the rivulets on Snowdon.

P. Jan. — Dec.

fujcous L I ' C H E N fuj'cus* Huds. 533, and 659.— ^Tiled,
Leaves very narrow, matted, jagged, brown, convex
above, the ends bent down. Saucers brownifii black.
Lightf. 825. — Leaves with many clefts, browriilh. Huds,
DU. 24. 6g. — Mich. 51 . 6.

Saucers very numerous, and frequently fo crowded as to deform
one another, borders thick. Tubercles heMes, of the fame colour as
the leaves. Mr. Woodw. — Leaves cut into very narrow fegments,
Imooth, with numerous black fibres underneath. Dill.

L. pullus. Lightf. 825.

Rocks and larger ftones near Bangor and other places in Wales,
Weftmoreland, and Scotland. P. Jan.— Dee.

granulated L I ' C H E N granula'tus. Tiled. Leaves roundifh,
Icolloped, roughifh, blackifh green. Saucers concave,

tawny, Huds. 536. — the dilk deprelfed. Linn, the Son,
fuppl, 450.

FI. dan. ^62. i. — D///. ig. 24.

Gmws in a circular form. Leaves varioufly jagged, lobes blunt,
ear-lhaped in the middle part, with numerous flefhy ftiining
globules in the hollow part, of the colour and fubftance of the
leaves. Dill.

Clofdy adhering to the gravel and pebbles of the walks of Oxford

Phyfic Garden. Dill.— [On a wall near Kirkby Lonfdale. Dr. J. E.

Smith.! n t T^

J P. Jan. — Dec.

LI'CHEN

A L G iE. Lichen

LI 'CHEN lu'ridus Swartz.- — Tiled; apparently lurid
cruftaceous. Leaves minute, indented, thick, brownilh
green, white underneath. Tubercles black. Dicks, ii. 20.

Mich. 54. ord. 36. 4, cop. in Dill. 30. 134.

Leaves almoft inconfpicuous, green, tiled. FruelijiccUions black*

Grows on old walls. Micheli.^

On rocks on the mountains of Scotland.

L PC H E N margina'Vts. Tiled. Leaves with many ‘n\arg\
clefts, tooth-fcolloped, blackiflr green. Saucers on the
edge of the leaf, flattifli, blackihi brown. Huds. 534*

Dill. ig. 25.

Leaves lying on the ground, brown green, black when dry, their ‘
ends frequently cut and* curled. Saacers numerous, fmall, concave,
bordered, brown green when frefh, reddifh when dry. Dill.

Rocks, and ftones in the Northern parts of Britain, and in Caer-
fiarvonfhire. Near Ludfoti, Hercfofdfhlre. Dill. — [Walls about
Settle and Kirkby Lonfdale. Dh J. E. Smith;] A. 0<5l. — June.

LI'CHEN o/Zt/a'cettr. Tiled. Leaves lobed, fhining, o/tVe
of a livid hue. —

Hoffn. enum. 13'. 5. — Dill. 24. 78. — Vcull. 20. 8.

Olive green, black underneath. Saucers 'green vvithin, grev
on the outfide, fitting, flat or concave, border fcolloped, granu-
lated. Dill.

L. oUvaceus 0 Hudf.’532.

Rocks, ftones, and trunks of tites. In the Xvood on Shooter’s '

Hill, Kent. Slinford, Suflex, and Bagley Wood neaf Oxford.

P. Jan.— Dec,

0 Poll. — Saucers fmooth. Dill. 1824

Hoffm. 13. 3 an^ /^.—Dill. 24. 77. — Mich. 51. ord. ig.

Generally grows in a circular form ; thin, cruftaceous, clolbly *
adhering. LeatJes Pmooth, rather fhining, brown green, fegments
> blunt. Saucerf rarely found, but where they do cxift, the leaves are
more cut and fcolloped. The plants without faucers have numer-
fous granulations in' their fubftance. Dill. .

L. olivaceus a. Hudf. 532.

On the bark of trees.

y Huds. — Segments broader, more wrinkled, the middlc.ele-
rvated into wrinkles, fprinkFed with numerous fmall grainlike warts.
■JSaucers none. Dill. 180.

\J

On birch trees. Dill.

Nol

i86

CRYPTOGAMIA.

put'ple LI 'CHEN ompkalo'des. Tiled. Leaves mth many
clefts, fmooth, blunt, hoary, fprinkled with fcattered
rifing dots. —

Dili 24. 80 — Vaill 20. 10. — Hoffm. enum. 12. 2. — Jacg. coll. ii.
15. 2. fl. b.—^Mich. 49. 2.

Colour dull purple, fhining, fmooth, with numerous black fibres
underneath. Leaves interwoven, about an inch long. Saucers dull
purple, and fmooth within, gi'ey on the outfide and hairy, cracked
at the edge. Dill.

Cork, Corker, or Arcell. Kenkerig Welfh.

On rocks. Jan.— Dec.

It dies wool of a brown reddifh colour, or a dull but durable crlm-
fon or purple, paler but more lafting than that of Orchal. It is pre-
pared by the country people In Ireland by fteeping it in ftale urine,
adding a little fait to it, and making it up into balls with lime.
Wool dyed with it and then dipped in the blue vat becomes of a
beautiful purple. With rotten oak it makes a good dark brown
frl2e. Wool dyed with red wood, or fanders, and afterwards in
corker, becomes of a dark reddifh brown. Rutty. — It has been
ufed as a ftyptic.

palmated LI 'CHEN palma'tus. Tiled. Leaves fomewhat hand -
fhaped, and fcolloped, of a fea-green purplifh hue. Sau-
cers tawny. Huds. 536.

^ Dill. ig. 30. — Vmll. 21. 15.

Grows clofely crowded and tiled. Leaves very tender, pellucid,
rather gelatinous, very much cut, fcgments ending in 2, 3, or 4
horn-fhaped teeth, dull brown, or purplifh green, convex above,
concave underneath. Dill,

Heaths and trunks of trees among mofs. A. Sept. — June.

common L I'C HEN pari fh'tzMr. Tiled. Leaves curled, deep
yellow. Saucers the fame colour. —

Dill. 24. 76. — Col. ecphr. i. 331. 2. — Hoffm. ermm. 18. i.

Agrees with L. candelarius and juniperinus in colour, but the former
confifts merely of branny fcales, the latter of loofc leaves. The
farietinus is an intermediate fpecies. Linn. Juec. n. 1080. — Crujl
indented, wrinkled, margin leafy. Leaves cut, and ending in
blunt fegments. Shucers on the foliage as well as on the central
cmfl, finall, yellow, with a border of the fame or a paler colour. '
Varies in colour from greenifh to deep golden yellow. Grey un- •
derneath. Dill. — In age frequently lofing its central leaves and
tm-gels, like the cen(ny«ji«. Mr. Woouward.

Trunks

A L G JE. Lichen.

187

Lrunks of trees, walls, tiles, wood, and Hones. P. Jan. — Dec.

It affords a yellow dye.

LI 'CHEN phyfo'des. Tiled. Segments bluntj fome- infated
what inflated. —

Hedizig. theor. 31. 183. 184. 185. — Dill. 20. enum. 15. 2.

— Mich. 50. ord. 25. i. 2. — Fet.gaz. 14. C, not a good Teprefeii-
tation. — fFl. lapp. i i. 2, is L. centrifugus.)

Grows half uprightj varioufly cut and divided, the fliorter plants
mofl; cut, and affuming a circular figure. Segments blunt, as if
lopped at the ends, and with 2, 3, or 4 clefts. Le^roes fmooth, giey
white or glaucous green, and convex above, hollowed, black, and-
rough underneath ; formed of 2 layers with a hollow between them,
v.’hich is peculiar to this fpeci.es. The whole plant more or Icfs mealy.

Saucers on fhort foot-ftalks, concave, brown green or reddifh or yel-
lowifh brown within, the outfide the colour of the plant. In my
fpecimens thofe plants only are mealy which have no faucers. Dill.

Trunks of trees. Hones, and heaths; P. Jan. — Dec.

hi' CHEN plum'beus. Tiled. Leaves bluntly lobed; lead-coloured
lead-coloured, blue and fpongy underneath. Saucers
reddilh rufl; -coloured. Lightf. — Leaves rounded, fcol-
loped, very woolly underneath. Saucers tawny. Huds.

— Leaves when dry ajh-coloured or yellowijh white, and in long
prefervation the blue fpongy hairs turn xvhite. Lightf.

Lightf. 26, at p. 826, cop. in Hofm. enum. 21. 2.— Dill. 24. 73.

— Mich. 43. ord. 23. i.

Leaves, the blue fpongy hairs frequently extending beyond the
edge. brownifh redj fcolloped when old, their brims of the

colour of the leaves, Lightf. — fmall; Leaves, the edges and wool-
linefs on the under furface blue; Huds.

L. ccendejeens. Hudf. p. 531.

Trunks of trees. Near Pentir and Bangor. Dill. — About Brad-
ford, Yorkfhire. About Drumlanrig, and in Barntirnpenn Linn,
about five miles from Moffat. Dr. Burgess in FL.Jcot. — [On the
great ifland in Winandermere. Dr. J. E. Smith.— -On trunks of
oak, afh, and elm, Devonfhire, very common. Mr. Newberry. J

P. Jan. — Dec.

L I ' C H E N faxat'ilis. Tiled; Leaves indented, Jtone
rough, pitted. Saucers chefnut-colourcd. —

H(dfni. enum. 16. i. — Ddl. 24. 83. — Vaill. 21. i. — Mich. 41. ord.

22. I. — if. oj:. XV. 7. roia 4. 6. — (Flojfm. enum. 15. ij is a
N 2 . good

i88 C R Y P T O G A M I A.

good reprejentation of it, but is defcrihed as having faucers of the fame
colour with the leaves.)

Lightfoot’s defcription good. The mealy tubercles found on the
old and ftiield bearing plants as well as on the younger, Mr.
WooDW. — Circular when young, and from ^ to i inch diameter.
Leaves fliort, fegments broad, blunt, fcolloped and indented at the
ends ; pitted on the upper furface, glaucous green ; black and Sbrou's
underneath ; fometimes fmooth, though pitted ; fometimes rough-
with flat mealy eminences. Saucers feldom found, reddilh- or
blackifh, the border the colour of the leaves. Dill.

Stones, rocks, and trunks of trees. P. Jan.— Dec.

It is ufed by the inhabitants of the North to dye purple.

Q Hods. — Leaves fometimes in the winter acquiring a reddilh
tinge, in every other refpeclt refembling the preceding. Dill.

finuated L I ' C H E N Tiled. Leaves roundifh, in-

dented, fcolloped, brownilli green. Saucers of the fame
colour. Huds.

Dill 19.33.

Much comprefled and crowded in its growth. Leaves fliort,
broadifh, flat, fpreading, thin, pellucid, fomewhat gelatinous, cut
into fegments, finely fcolloped at the ends ; outer leaves the largeft.
Saucers fmall , fine fea-green like the leaves, more confpicuous in the
dry plant becaufe changing to brown. Dill.

Rocks, ftony and lhady places. Near Wigmore, Herefordlhire,
and Afliburton, Devonlhire. [On the rock at Dumbarton Caftle,
Scotland. Dr. J. E. Smith.— On a ftone wall at Chagford, Devon-
fhire, between the town and parfonage, but without Ihields. Mr.*
Newberrt] a. Sept.— July!

fcaly L rc H E N fquama'tus. Tiled. Leaves minute,
thickilh, rounded, indented and angular, green, with a
tinge of fea-green. Saucers convex-flat, rough, black,
with an imperfe6l border. Dicks, ii. 20.

Dill 30. 135.

Leaves fmall, thick, leathery, with lhallow fegments, whitilh
underneath. Dill.

On the ground in turfy places, Scotland.

Fixed firmly to fome fpecies of Bryum. Dill.

flarry LI CHEN flella'ris. Tiled. Leaves oblong; afli-
coloured, jagged, narrow. Saucers blackifli brown.—
Hoffm, enum. 13. 2. Dill 24. 70. — FI dan. 957. i. — Hedtv.
theoT. 31. 18 1, die feeds.

I

OT

A L G iE. Lichen. i

Of a greenifli hue when moift, when dry afh-coloured. Huns.— -
Smcm when young white or grey, being covered with a thin mealy
pellicle, but as they enlarge and grow older the pellicle difappears,
becoming black, with a border of the fame colour as the leaves.

Specimens fometimes found with only tubercles and no faucers.

Lightf. — Afh-coloured when frefh, whiter when dry. Leaves with
narrow, oblong fegments, diverging from a center, fmooth. Saucers
on the central part, black, with a grey border ; fometimes inter-
mixed with mealy tubercles. Dill.

Trunks of trees, walls, and ftones. — More frequent on thefmaller
branches than on the trunks of trees. Dill.

^ Lightf. and Huns. 534.

FI, dan. 957. 2. — Hoffm. emm. 13. i. — Mich. 43. 2. — Dill.

24. 71.

In circles of 4 inches or more in diameter. Leaves when frefh
rue-coloured, after being kept fome years turning to rufTet-grey ;
fegments ftiffer, and not fo clofely united as their extremities,

Saaceri larger. Lightf. 824. — Deep glaucous green when wet, gi'ey
when dry, even whilft growing. Leaves ftiff, fegments blunt.

Roots black fibres, Sauceis numerous iri the center, of different
fizes intermixed, glaucous w’hen young, black when old ; border the
colour of the leaves. Dill.

Oak, beech, elm, and other rough trees. Dill.

7 H'jds. — Saucers with curled brims. R.fyn. p. 75. n. 75. — The
faucers of variety $ when becoming old, have their outfides and
brims covered with minute leaves, fo a§ to appear curled. Lightf.

X- 825.

D. Leafy. Leaves notfxed to the JubJlance on which they grow.

LI 'CHEN ampidla'ceus. Leafy; rather flat; lobed; bladder
Icolloped. Saucers globular ; inflated. —

Dill. 24. 82, cop. in Jacq. coll. i. 4. 3. c, and Hqffpi. emm.
lich. 13-2.

Segments, broad, fhort, finely fcolloped, fmooth on both fides,
brownifh or purplifh black. Saucers at the bafe or at the edge of the
leaves, very large, not hairy, Jike an inflated bladder, perforated at
the top, wrinkled, greyifh, within dark purple. Dill.

Mountainous pallures. On Emmot Pafture near Coin, Lanca-
fhire. Richardson, who fent a fpecimen of it to Dlllenius. Seep.

188. St. — A figure only is to be found in the Dillenlan herbarium.

Mr. Woodward. ^ P. Sept. — Nov. Huds.

LI'CHEN Durgef'Jii. Leafy, fomewiiat tiled, curled, Durgejfes
Saucers elevated, between hedge-hogged and curled, with

N 2 the

'90 CRYPTOGAM! A.

the bottom flat and deprefled. Linn. — Nearly upright,
pellucid, curled. Saucers flat, fhining, borders, curled,
Burgess in Linn.

Lii'htf. 26. j, at p. 826, cop. in Hoffm. enum. 21. r.

Leaves thin, membranaceous, dull green, lobed, and toothed,
when dry brownilh purple, opaque, a little hoary underneath.
Saucers dull green, on very fhort fruit-ftalks, with leafy curled
borders; when dry a little funk or concave, and dark reddifh
brown. Lightf.

. Trunks of hafel and birch in Dumfriesfhire. Difeovered by the

Rev. Dr. Burgefs, of Kirkmichael, Dumfriesfbire. P. Jan.— Dec.

channelled LI 'CHEN calica'ris. Leafy; upright; ftrap-fhaped ;

branched; pitted; convex; with fliarp points at the
ends. —

Dill. 23. 62. Col. eephr. i* 334‘ H, ox. xv. 7. row the

5’ o,ndillcop.inTar);. 1^12. q, — FI. dan. 959. i,'thebejt
reprefcntalion of a narrow-leaved plant.— Wale. No. g.—Vaill.
20. 6.

Dillenius does not think this fpecifically different from the L.

' farinaccus, and Mr. Relhan is of the fame opinion. — Front i to 3

inches high, or more, varioufly branched. Leaves (or rather JiemsJ
convex on one fide, hollow on the other, with fhallow oblong pits on
each fide, fmooth, rather fiiining and ftiffifh. Saucers fmall, lateral
and terminating, concave, becoming flat, the fame- colour as the
plant, viz. pale greenilh grey. The tops of the branches end in
hooked points, either upright or ten'zoTiia/, which is peculiar to thia*
fpecies and readily diftinguilhes it. Dill,

Rocks, and on the bark of trees. P. Jan. Dec.

pofe LI 'CHEN capera'tus. Pale green; wrinkled and
waved at the edge. Linn.— Leafy, creeping, lobed, yel-
lowilh fea-green. Saucers brownifli red. Huns.

Dill. 25. gy.—HoJm. enum. ig. 2, and 20. 2.— Mich. 48. i.—H.
ox. XV. 7, roia 4.1.

Not very leafy, fea-green-yellow. iSaMccr^ feldom found. Linn.

: Circular in its growth, from i inch to i foot in diameter, tiie fmall
opes like a rofc, the larger ones lefs regular. Leaves oblong, cut,
terminating fegments broadeft, yellow glaucous green ; furface not
pitted, but marked with oblong or oblique unequal wrinkles, as well
bn the leaves as on the central cruft. Saucers on the larger plants,
either pale flelh-colour, or the fame colour as the leaVes. The
whole plant fometiraes mealy and bearing mealy warts. Dill.

On

A L G Lichen. 19 r

On ftones, rocks, tmnks of trees, [and pales. Mr. Woodward,]

P. Jan. — Dec.

The people in the North of Ireland and Ille of Man, dye wool
with it of an orange colour. Serge dyed with it became of a lemon-
colour, but if previoufly infufed and boiled in urine, of a i-uflct
brown. It is probably what the people in the North’ of Ireland call
Stane-crottles, and which there and in the Ifle of Man, is ufed to dye
wool of an orange-colour. It is alfo called ArcsU from the refcm-
blance it has to the Orchcd in its ufe in dying. Rutty.

•

L r e H E N cilia'ris. Leafy, fomewhat upright ; fringed
fegments ftrap-fliaped, fringed. Saucers on fruit-ftalks ;
fcol loped. —

IIoffTn. lick. 3. 4* — FL dan, 71^* — Voill, 20. 4* ‘Tourn, 325* 2. C.

—Wale. g.—Dill. 20. ^^.—Bedw.theor.^o. 175, 176; 31.177,

178, 179, 180. — H. ox. XV. 7. row 4. 6.fg next bid one to the
margin.— Col. eephr. i. 334. 3, the uppermojt fg.—Happ. i.

Lichen i.

Foliage ftrap-fhaped, narrow, i or 2 inches long, varioully cut
into pointed fegments, fringed with blackifh or fclf-coloured hairs,
fo as to give a rough almoft prickly appearance to the plant, When
wet good green above, fea-green underneath, but whitilh wjien dry,
fmooth. Warts of the fame, or a darker .colour, numerous, often
crowded. Saucers on the upper branches and on the ftem, on Ihort
pedicles ; dark brown to black ; border the colour of the leaves.

Hoffman.

/3 (Huns.) Ends of the leaves tubular. Hoffm.

On moft trees.

H^m, lich. 3. 2 and ^.—Dill. 20. 46. — Vaill. 20, g, Mich. 50,
ord. 27 and 28.

Varioufly lhaped, forming at firft a fmall flat circle, fegments
flender, fub-divided at the ends, grey white, greenilh when wet,
more grey underneath. Surface fprinkled with minute black dots,
edges hairy. Other parts of the leaves fwelling at the end pour
forth a greenilh powder, the difeharge of which leaves an open
cavity in the fubftance. Saucers on Ihort foot-ftalks, rare, found
on the plants with leaves hollow at the ends. They arc circular,
brown or blackifh, furrounded with a border the colour of the
plant. This fpccies connects the leafy and tiled Lichens with the
leafy and upright. Common on Hones and trees; chiefly the
Willow and Blackthorn. Ho.ffm.

On moft trees and fometimes on ftones,

LI'OHEN

192

CRYPTOGAM! A.

LI'CHEN cochlea' tus. Leafy, membranaceous,
Jobed, plaited, dark green. Saucers reddifli brown.
Dicks. 13.

Dichf. 2. g.

Leaves concave, the edge bluntly lobed, plaited when dry, between
afh and lead-coloured, when moift dark green. Differs from L.
Vefpertilio in the edges of the leaves being elevated and concave, in
being of an afh-lead-colour when dry, the faucers being larger and
not crowded . Dicks.

Woods at the roots of trees, Devonfliire. Mr, Slater.— York-
fhire. Mr. Curtis.

xahite-horned L I/C HEN cornicula'tus. Leafy, nearly upright,
moftly pitted, fmooth ; fegments narrow, horned*
Relh. n. 875.

Dill. 21. 5^. — Vaill. 20. 7.

Leavei white. Warts mealy. Saucers large, on foot-ftalks, white
without, brown within ; on the edges of the leaves. Rzlh.— Leaves
tender, divided and fub-divided into narrow, oblong, horned feg-
ments, fmooth but^not fhining, upper furface convex, under fide
hollow. Dill.

• L. prunajlri. (0 Hudf.)

On dry half decayed branches of Heath, on a moor 2 miles from
Lippock, Hampfbire. Dill.— Trunks of trees and on pales.
[Grows common with the L. prunaftri on trunks of trees. Staley-
bridge, near Manchefter. Mr. Bradbury.] p. Jan.— Dec.

reddijh L I'C H EN croca'tus. Leafy, the edge yellow, powdery,
Linn. — pitted, yellowifh, brownifh red, witli yellow
grains ; fegments indented, rounded. Saucers fomewhat
concave, brownilh black, with a border from the leaf,
Dicks, ii, 22.

Dill. 8j. 12.

Leaf fomewhat leathery, fiat, fomewhat wrinkled, divided into
large fe^ents, of different fliades of yellow green, olive and red-
difh, xvithin ah.vays bright yellow, of the fame colour underneath,
but covered with a blackifh wool, with yellow dots interfperfed.
mow balls difpofed along the edge and often over the whole furface
in a chain-like or net-like manner. Saucers fav, the border thick,
formed by a fwelling of the leaf. Dicks.

^ocks in the Highlands. .

LI'CHEN

A L G Lichen.

193

L rC H EN fal'lax. Leafy, jagged, thin, fea-green fallopian
above, white underneath, with black fpots interfperfed,.

Saucers terminating. Weber 244.

DiW. 22. 58. — ‘

Differs from L. glaucus for which it may be eafily miftaken, as
follows. Se£[7?^^n^5 diffufe, not deprelfed, white underneath, never
Hack or brown. Saucers terminating, not generally fcattered over
the furface of the leaves. Dicks. 13. — Leaves feveral from the fame
center, a finger’s length, cut into a few fegments, elegantly fringed
and finely cut at the edge, fringe crifp, granulated ; furface fmooth,
fubftance blackifh. Saucers large, terminating, concave, wrinkled,
reddifh within. Dill.

Rocks in Devonfhire.

LI'C H EN /ama'cm. Leafy; upright ; comprelfed ; mealy
branched ; with mealy warts on the edge. — >

VailL 20. 13, 14, 15. — Dill. 23. 63, A, B, G. — Wale. No. g.

Short and hair-like when young (A) ; broader when older (B) ;

I to 3 inches high, comprelfed, fegments fometimes fewer and
broader (C), irregular, grey glaucous green, fmooth, rigid. Warts
on the edge of the branches, mealy, as is the whble plant, flat, or
rjfing, refembling faucers. Dill.

Trunks and branches of trees : whiteft on the floe. Dill.

P. Jan. — Dec.

B Huds. 540, — Leaves broader. Mealy warts fmaller, more
frequent, fo that the edges become curled, Dill. 173.

Dill. 23, 63. D.

7 Huds.: — Leayes broader, ftiffer. Warts larger, lefs frequent.

Dill. 173.

Dill. 23. 63. E.

See L. calicaris.

LI 'CHEN fafcicula'ris. Leafy; of a jelly-like clujl'er
fubftance. Tubercles turban -lhaped ; in clufters ; larger
than the leaves. Linn. — Tiled, Leafits hand-lhaped,
nearly upright. Huds. 536.

FI. dan. ^2.2. — D///. ig. 27,

Root-leaves minute, and as the whole of the plant of a glofly jelly-
like appearance, relcmbling a Tremella. Tubercles large in pro-
portion to the leaf, numerous, moftly on fruitft. lopped at the end,
iurrounded with a blunt border. Linn. — ObfervabJe in Otflober and
November, forming roundifh railed fubftances, with numerous
tubercles riling from flelhy leaves interlaced and connedled. Leaves

examined

194

CRYPTOGAMIA.

examined feparatcly, pellucid, dirty green, not ^ inch long. Tuber-
cles firft fmail, convex, the colour of the leaves ; when larger, flat,
or a little hollowed. Dill, i

Woods and garden walks. Dill.— Trunks of trees and ftones.
Huds. — Shady places on the North fide of trees, particularly alh.
Dr. Burgess in Ji. foot. 841.— Heaths. Relh. n. 1029.

P. Jan. — Dec.

ajh ^LI'CHEN fr axin' eus. Leafy, ftraight; oblong;

fpear-lhaped ; fomewhat jagged; pitted; frnooth. Sau-
cers on flaort fruit-ftalks. —

Din. 22. lich. i8. i. 2.—Tourn. 325. A, B.—Happ.

iii. Lichen ^.—Walc. No. g.~H. ox. xv. 7, roxv the lajl, 3 and
4> rorci 3. 14. — Mich. 36. i, conftdered by INeis as a variety. —
(H. ox. ib. row the loft, 5, is jLv calicaris ; and ib. t. 7./. g and f.

I g, i?i Haller, and cop. into FI. ang. vuijl be an error of (he prejs
or tranjcribers.j

From 1 to 6 inches high, varying in lhape, wrinkled or mefhed,
'with hollows on each fide. Leaves of the younger plants, lefs wrinkled,
Ihorter, fpear-fhaped. Branches hut few, riling from one common
Item, divided into feveral fegments, terminating in pointed horns.
Flexible when moift, more rigid and paler when dry. Colour on
both fides glaucous, or pale alh, yellowilh with age. Saucers very
common, on every part of the plant, circular, concave, obtaining a
pedicle from the fubftance of the leaf, pale brown or flelh colour
within. Hoffman. — Saucers mollly of a pale ftraw-colour, but
fometimes of the fame colour with the leaf. Leaf greenifh alh-
colour, ftifF,

Trunks of trees, on poplar, apple, ficc, but chiefly on oak and

P. Jan.— Dec.

{kort-korned L I ' C H E N /ttcoiVej. Leafy, very much branched,
porous, whitilh hoary. Branches bundled, cylindrical.
Little_ branches rifing to tire fame height, awl-fhaped,
bluntifli. Tubercles lateral, flattilli, mealy. Dicks, ii. 22.

Dill. 22. Go.

Has much affinity with L. fuciformis, in its tough leatherlike tex-
ture, but it is diftinguifhable by many marks. Dillenius’s figure was
taken from imperfedl fpecimens. Dicks. — Narrow at the bafe,
branching, branches the breadth of a ftraw, i to 2 inches long,
greyifh. Dibercles {mall, flat, mealy, on the edges and fometimes
on the furface of the leaves, whiter than the reft of the plant. Dill.

Rocks in the Illand of Jerley. Dill, — On rocks and wood on the
fea fliore near Gofport. Dicks;

jLI'CHEN

• A L G Lichen,

” L I ' C H E N fiirfura'ceus. Leafy, drooping, as if hranny
i'prinklecl with bran ; fegments fliarp, black and pitted
underneath. —

Hqffm. M. g. 2.—Buxb. ii, 7. i aid 2. — Dill 21. 52.— Mich. 38.
ord. 4. I. — Hedxv. theor.^i. 182, the feeds. — Barr. 1277. 3.

Saucers, the edges frequently bent back, making them appear
convex. Mr. Wood w. — I never found a plant with faucers. Weis
p. 66. Leyser«. 1147. Mr.NEWBERRY. — Plant expanding from
a narrow bafe, more or lefs crowded and afcending : branches bent
back, fegments numerous, terminating in brownifh-pointed horns.

Sa^ace grey ifh, rough with a powdery fubflance, often greenifh;
wrinkled and blackilh underneath. Saucers rarely feen, large, nearly
hemifpherical, brown red within, placed on the furface of the
larger branches. Hoffman. — Leaves often as if thorny at the edges,
not rigid. Dill.

Trunks and branches of trees, and old pales. [Plentifully on
Wild Tor-Rock, a large rock five miles from Chagford, Devonlhire,
and alfo on many of the fmaller rocks of granite there about. Mr.
Kewberry.] P. Jan. — Dec.

LI'C H EN glau'cus. Leafy, depreffed, lobed, fmooth ; Jhinlng
edge curled, mealy. —

DtU. 25. g6. — Fl.dan.5gB. — Hqffm. enum. 20. i. — H. ox. xv.

7. row 4. 4. — (VaiU. 21. 12, and Mich. 50. ord. 24. i, are
L. perlatus.)

Leaves thinner than paper, of a mixture of white, afh-colour, and
fea-green. Linn." — Leaves cut and curled like thofe of Endive,
fmooth and fhining on both fides, pale fea-green, brown under-
neath, fubftance black. Edges of the fegments of the leaves mealy.

Saucers fmall, brown. Dill.

On the ground amongft ftones and rocks, and on heaths. On
Emmot-moor near Coin, Lancafhire; and on Banftead Downs;
near Moffat, and in Breadalbane. P. Jan. — Dec.

LI'CHEN /ie7'6a'L£’as. HuDS.544. — Leathery, creep- green
ing, lobed, blunt, fmooth, lovely green, without veins
underneath. Saucers tawnv. L1GHTF.852. — Leafy, lobed,
fcolloped, herbaceous, oaucers brownilh red. Huds.

Hoffm. lick. 10. 2. — Dill 25. gB. — H. ox. xv. 7. row 4. 3.

Large as one’s hand, leaves tiled, roundifh, varioufly cut, broad,
blunt, fcolloped. Subjlance flexible, foft and herbaceous when moift,
but rather tough. Surface even, of a pleafant green, deeper coloured
when dry, and changing to grey, glaucous, or brown. Underneath
wrinkled, brown, whitifh towards the margin, fibrous. Saucers

numerous,

195

'9® C R Y P T O G A M I A.

numerous, large, moftly towards the central parts of the plant, red
brown. On ftones as well as on trunks and roots of trees. Ho ffm.

Uaves 2 to 3 mches long, crowded, variou/ly cut and fcolloped,
fegments blunt fhort, thin, foft, fmooth and even. Saucers numer-
ous, fmall and large intermixed, red or yellow brown, with a green-
ilh border; when full grown i-3d of an inch diameter. Dill
• L. Icete- Virens. Lightf. n. 62.

On alh trees in Ireland, on ftones at Comb Floyd near Bilhop’s
Caftle. and on oaks between Carno and Mayne Loin in Merioneth-
ihire. What feems to be a variety of it near Wakehurft, Suftbx
D,LL.-Near Ivy bridge, Devonftiire, and in Yorklhire and Cum-
berland, Huds. andScotl. not uncommon. Lightf. — [On trees
between Kendal and Bownefs, and in many other parts of Weft-
moreland. Dr, J. E. Smith.— On alh, fycamore, and oak in the
Isorth \\ eft part of Devonftiire. Mr. Newberk y.] P. Jan. Dec.

eryr^o-leav'd LTCHEN ijlan'dkm. Leafy, afcending, Wed •
borders raifed, fringed ° ’

m. 28 dan. Iss—Blach,. 595.

— G.>fc jO—McS. 44. 4— ii. 6. i.—ffi. dan. n<n
are L. polyrrhizus and pujlulatus.)

Saucers circuhr, very entire, placed on the leaf. Linn.>c. a.
1085.— Crowded, connedled, afcending, varying greatly in ftiape
and hze. Leaves often feveral inches high, cut and divided fer-
ments rernote, extremities ending in two ftiort, blunt horns.’ Sur-
face imooth, ftiining, channelled, wrinkled, brown or pale ereeii •
edges turned in, fringed with ftiffbriftles. Stthjlance mLbrLace-
ous foft not eafily torn ; horny and ftiff when dry. Saucers on the
ends of the broader lobes, but feldom at the extremity of the plant
or at the edges ; very large, fringed, purplilh brown. Fringe Pome-
times wanting, Hoffman, ^

the top of Snowdon and Glogwyny Gamed in North Wales,
and only m fmall quantities. Dill.-Ou many mountains in tlie
Lowlands and Highlands, on the Pentland Hills, on Scrape near
New Polfo, on Creg-chaillech in Breadalbane ^

Til! l-k "^^ke it into bread.

1 ley hkewife make gruel of it to mix with milk ; but the firft decoc.

_ t.on IS a ways thrown away, for it is apt to purge. It has lately got
a reputation foi curing confumptive complaints

Dill. 28. I i2.—Bu.xh. ii. 6. 2 ,• 5. 3 and 4.

^ Pale pecn, whitifh underneath. Segments flender, curled. This
IS the plant in its young ftate when growing under Heath or other
IhiLibs. Hoffman. „

y Huds.

A L G Lichen.

197

7 Huds. — Shrubby, folid, very much branched. Branches fti'ad-
dling, fomewhatcomprefled, fmooth, with little thorns, angles blunt.

Lightf. 883.

Hqffm. lick. 5. 2. — Dill. 17. 31. — Mich. 39. 7. — Vaill. 26. 8.

— H. ox. XV. 7. row; 3. 1 1.

Lillie branches fcarcely prickly, the ends forked, pointed. Hods. —

Tufted, Ihrubby, much branched, i or 1-5 inch high. Branches inter-
woven, comprelTed pitted on each fide, dividing and fubdividing in
forks, ending in fine thorns ; dark brown when wet, almoft black
when dry, white within. Saucer-like tubercles terminating the
larger branches, red brown, thorny at the edge, horizontal. Not
often found with faucers. Hoffman.

L. hifpidus. Lightf. 883, 0^^830. Relh. 1030.

On Stieperftone, Shropfhire. — Heaths about London, and hilly
parts of Cambridgelhire. Dill. — [On rocks in Dartmoor, Devon-
fhlre. Mr. Newberry.]

^ Hods. 839. — Little branches round, hollow within, not
fringed. Linn.

Dill. 17. 32. — FI. dan. 879?

Extremely different, but its lurid hue, the rednefs at the bafe, and
a gradation of fpecimens prove them to be one and the fame plant.

Linn. — ^This elegant plant is not more than ^ inch high, fpreading,
without any proper ftem ; branches very flender, interwoven like
lace; divifions forked. Dill.

y L. ijlandicus. Linn. — See Lightf.

L. pubefeens, according to Lightf. 893.

On Snowdon. Dill. — Glyder Vawr near Snowdon. Penn.

Ll'CHElil juntpeii'nus. Leafy; jagged; curled; juniper
tawny. Saucers livid coloured. —

H(jfm. lich. 7. 2. — enum. 22. i.

Tawny, neatly jagged. Linn. lapp. 344. — Differs from L.
parklinus, as follows. Colour pale yellow. Leaves loofe, nearly
upright. Saucers, the difk brown. Linn. — Forming a loofely tiled
tul't, divifions rather upright ; fegments varioufly unequal, border
curled, rough with minute black dots. Surface wrinkled, green
yellow when moifl, tawny when dry. Pitted, fmooth and dull yel-
low underneath. Roots, fmall fcattered black fibres. Saucers zt
the edge; chefnut colour. Hoffman. — Doubtful whether this
fpccics has been found here, for fome fuppofe Mr. Hndfon’s
1.. juniperinus to be only a variety of the L. parklinus.

Trunks and branches of trees. P. Jan. — Dec.

The country people in Sweden efleem it a fpecific for the jaundice,
and ufe it to dye their woollens yellow.

LI'CIiEN

'98 C R Y P T O G A M I A.

jagged ^ LI 'CHEN lacinia'tus. Leafy, creeping, between
indented and lobed ; fmooth. Lobes indented. Saucers
ta^vny. Huds. ed. i. and ii. 544.

Mich. 46. — Dill. 26. gg,

PerfeAly diftindt from L. herbaceus. Dr. J. E, Smith. — Light-
foot s defcription very good, but the young faucers have more the
appearance at firft of warts than tubercles, being merely rilings in
the liibftance of the leaves, with a fmall perforated point in the
center. As thefe fwell the edges recede and the difk is difcovered.
I have always feen the Jhields and balls on the fame plant, and if it be
true that thefe and the fhields are diftindt parts of frudlification, the
glomerula muft be male and not female, as Micheli, and after him
Scopoli have fuppofed ; as Hedwig has clearly proved the feed-veflels
and feeds to be fituate in the fhields of fuch fpecies as he has ex-
amined, from whence analogy will certainly point them out to be fo
in all. Mr. Woodward. — Spreading in a circular form to a large
fize, greyifh blue, fmooth and even, rough underneath and dirty
white or brown, with numerous fibres. Leaves folid, toifgh, rather
leathery, vaxioufiy and elegantly cut. iSattcen the fize of a lentil,
reddifti, fimounded with a blue grey granulated border. Dill.

L. glomuliferus. Lightf. 853.

* On the road between Carno and Main Lloyne. Dill.— [On trees
on the great Ifland in Winandermere, and in the woods at Corby
Caftle, Cumberland. Dr. J. E.SwiTH.-On alh, fycamore, and
oak, m the North Weft of Devonfhire. Mr. Newberry.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

membrana- L I C H E membranaceus. Leafy, depreffed, between
ceous plaited and wrinkled, mealy, whitilli brimftone-coloured.

baucers lomewhat concave, of the ^ fame colour. Dicks.
11. 21.

Dickf. 6. r.

Leaf membranaceous, very thin, widely fpread out, growing
clofely to the ground, whitilb, covered with a thin yellowifh meali-
nefs, black underneath. .Sai/cerY few, minute. Dicks.

On rocks thinly covered with foil in the Highlands of Scotland.

blachm LI 'C HEN mrefWns. Leafy, jelly-like, roundilh,
lobed, wimkled, blackilh green. Saucers crowded, taw-
ney red. —

^‘Retz^j 3- — 470. 3, is L. lacer of

Ieaw5jelly-like, expanded in a circle, refembline a bat s wing:
fometimes deftitute ot lancers, and covered with numerous fmall

tubercles,

A L G Lichen.

199

tubercles : lobes very blunt. Saucers near the centre of the leaves.

Lightf. — Leaves broad, flat, between fcolloped and lobed, in fub-
fiance as well as colour much refembling a bat’s wing, fometimes
covered in the place of faucers, with granulations of the fame colour
as the leaf. Saucers very numerous, minute, at firft appearing like
tubercles of the fame colour with the leaves, with a flight hollow at
the top; afterwards expanding, and at length flat; border of the
fame colour with the leaf. The progrefs from tubercles to faucers
Ihews that there exifts no abfolute diftindfion between thefe. Mr.
Woodward.

L. Vefpertilio. Lightf. 840.

Trunks of trees, rocks, ftones and walls. [In two or three places
near Bungay, on old willows and elms, never with faucers, always
with great plenty of the granulations. Mr. Woodw. — About the
bodies of old oak, afh, and fycamore trees near Holfworthy,

Devonfli. abundantly with innumejable fhields. Mr. Newberry.]

A. Ocl. — ^June.

L I ' C H E N prunaftri. Leafy ; rather upright ; blackthorn
pitted ; white and downy underneath. —

DHL 21. 55. — Vdll. 20. II, 12. — Ger. em. 1377. i. — Mich. 36. .

3, iU done, if the plant.

From I to 3 inches long, fometimes mealy, fometime not ; leaves
and fegments broad, flat, like flags horns, pale bluifh grey, hoary or
woolly underneath, by which and by its foftnefs it is readily diflin-
guifhable from every other fpecies. Saucers on plants which are
Ihorter and lefs branched, fixed to the ends of the branches, rather
paler and whiter than the leaves, brownilh with age. .Dill.

T runks and branches of trees, on old willows it is foftefl, on
blackthorn whitefl. Dill. P. Jan. — Dec.

It has a remarkable property of imbibing and retaining odours,
and is therefore the bafls of many perfumed powders. —

LI 'CHEN pulmona'rius. Leafy; jagged; blunt; Lnngivort
finooth ; pitted above, downy underneath. —

Hojj'm. lich. 1.2. — Garf. 340. — Dill. 29. 113. — Mich. 45. ord.

14. — Matth. 1039, imit.' in Lob. obf. 647. 2, wUch repr. in ic. ii.

248. I, Dod. 474. I, Ger. em. 1565. i, and cop. m Park. 1315*

I ; and imit. in Ger. 1375. i, which repr. in Matth. a C..B. 733.

II. — FuchJ. 63 7, imit. in Trag. 524, and aljo in Lon. i. 2ig. 3.

— H. ox. XV. 7. row 4. i. p. 634. — Blackw. 335. — Nech. melh.

1 . 7, a target.

Targets grow upon the leaves. ListJ.f. Juec. — Flat, broad, loofe,

irregularly lobed; lobes indented, about an inch broad, Icveral

inches

200

CRYPTOGAMIA.

^ inches long, cloven at the end, and lopped. Subftance flexible^
white and woolly within. Surface fine green, bluifh when dried,
brownifh with age, fpread over with an elevated net-work, with
hollows in the interftices. Warts mealy, crowded, on the edges of
the leaf or on the rifing edges of the net-work. Saucers in the hollows,
or at the edges of the leaves, facing horizontally, circular, 2-ioths
of an inch diameter, often 2 or 3 together, brown red, or dark pur-
plifh. The plants with faucets are not very common, but are chiefly
to be found on the higher branches of trees, in which fituation alfo
other Lichens, feldom yet found with faucets, mull be looked for,
as the caperatus, glaiicus, Jaxatilis, Gfc. Hoffman.

Lungivort. Hazel Rag, or Hazel CroUles, North of Ireland. — Rars^
Herefordfliire.

On the trunks of old trees, principally oaks, in fhady woods. —
On heaps of ftones in moift lhady places. Ray in Dill. P. Jan.— Dec.

It is reckoned very efficacious in confumptive cafes; this opinion
merits a further inveftigation.— Woollen cloth boiled with it became
of a durable orange. Rutty.— The people of Hertforlhire dye their
{lockings with it of a durable brown. Dill.

faturnhe L PC H EN faturnl'nus. Leafy, with rounded lobes
blackifh above, woolly and afh-coloured underneath!
Saucers reddilh-brown, bordered. Dicks, ii. 21.

DichJ. 6. 8.

Leaf depreffied, fomewhat plaited, flightly wrinkled above, of a
bluifh or browniffi blackifh hue, very woolly underneath. Saucers
fcattered, reddifh or brown ; border of the fame colour. Dicks.

Trunks of trees, Scotland.

zmrty L PC H E N Jcrohkula'tus. Scop.— Leafy, creeping,
roundifli, fomewhat lobed, fcolloped, wrinkled, warty.
W arts mealy. Saucers very minute, tawny. Hues.

Hoffm. pi. lich. i. i. Dill. 29. 1 1^, — Mick. ^g. ord. 21. — (H.o.v.

XV. 7. row 4. I, is L. caperatus.)

Leaf fometimes pierced with holes as if eaten through, being
places where former warts hav'e grown ; border indented, curled ;
dirty brown underneatli, light brown towards tlie edges. St. — Leafy,
broad, flat, yaiioufly lobed. Lobes indented; fegments rounded,
blunt, fometimes fcolloped. Subfiance not very thick, flexible
Upper fide fea-green, greyifh in the hollows, grey or whitifh when
dry, yellowifh when old; every part pitted or hollowed. Warts
mealy, on the borders of the pits, the edge of the leaf or the end of
the lobes, folitary, fcattered or crowded, the fize of a jiin’s head,
brnwnifh with age, often perforated. Saucers rarely to be found,

feated

201

A L G iE. Lichen.

feated in the hollows, concave, border entire, brownifh, center
yellowifh or reddilh brown. Hoffm. — Saucers hemifpherical, hollow,
ycllowifh, tawny at the bottom. Huds. — Segments broad, blunt,
moderately thick, rather ftifF, with circular hollows, blue grey.

SaacjTS mealy, granulated, partly on the leaves, partly on their
edges. Dill.

Lichen verrucofus. Hudf.

Trunks and roots of trees, on large {lones> and at the foot of rocks.

Among the pebbles at Cockbufh on the coaft of SuHex. Rand.— =-0n
large ftones near Dolgelle, Merionethfhire. DiLL.-^-On rocks juft
above Great Malvern, Worcefterfhire. St. — [Near Kefwick, Cum-
berland. Dr. J. E. Smith. — On alb, fycamore, and oak in the N.

W. of Devonfhire. Frequently growing on the fame trunk with
L. kerbaceus, ladniatus, znd nigrefeens. Mr. Newberry.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

LI 'CHEN tenulf'fimus. Tiled; of a brownifh green- thin
ifh hue. Leaves fingered, with many clefts. ^ Saucers
immerfed, browriilh-red, with blunt borders. Dicks. 12.

Dickf. 2. 8.

NIinute, and elegant. Leaves minute, brown when dry, of a
tender membranaceous jelly-like fubftance, with many clefts at the
ends; fegments ftrap-ihaped, unequal, expanding, lomewhat
fringed. Saucers proportionably large, with imperfedl borders, the
younger hollow, pitcher-fhaped, on the furface of the leaves and
of the fame colour, the older flat, fometimes convex, of a dirty
red. Dicks.

On fand-banks, near Norwich. [On dry fand banks ufually
amongft mofs. Norfolk, not unfrequent. Mr. Woodward.]

LI'CH EN trapezifor'mis, Zoeg. Jl. ijl. 15.— Leaf mi- trapezium
nute, with roundea angles, thickifli, dark green. Tuber-
cles dot-lil:e, under the furface of the leaf ; at length
elevated and blackifh. Dicks, ii. 22.

Hedw. Jlirp. ii. 20. A. — Mich. 54. ord. 36. 3, Cop. in Dill.

30* 133-

On the ground on barren heaths near Croydon.

L I ' C H EN tremelloi'des. Leafy, membranaceous, fringed
curled and finely jagged at the edge. Saucers concave,
tawny. Huds. — Leaves tranfparent, Lightf. — Jomewhat
tranj parent when frejh. —

Dill. 19.31. — H. ox. XV. 'j.ard. 3. 4. — Mich. 38. ord. 3, drawn
too large, as Micheli obJerves.^Linnavs refers aljo to Dillenius s
Vql. TIT. O Mures

202

f

CRYPTOGAMIA.

fgures of thevarieties below. — (Dill. ig. 33, is L. fmuatus of Hudf.
— Vaill. 21. 15, is L. palmatus of Hudf.)

So brittle that It can fcarcely be feparated from the plants to
which it adheres. Ljnn. fuec. n. 1138. — ^When dry becoming of a
flate colour. 5a»ceri very minute ; numerous, reddifh. Lightf.
— Saucers ofthefizeof turnip-feeeds, circular; border fca-green,
nearly entire; the difc flat, tawny. Hods. — ^Adhering to Mofs and
fine grafs on heaths. Leaves ^ to i inch, flattifti, varioufly cut into
fegments, fringed and curled at the edges ; thin, pellucid, glaucous
brown green. Dill.

' Tremella Lichenoides. Linn.

Shady places on fliones and trunks of trees, intermixed with
Mofles. [On|moift ftiady banks and thatched houfes frequent,
but feldom with faucers. Mr. Newberry.] P. Jan. — Dec.

^ Lightf. — Dill. ig. 32.

More blue than the preceding, lefs jagged, but the divifions
deeper, bearing fmall tubercles of a flefh or reddifh brown co-
lour. Dill.

y Lightf. — Dill. ig. 34.

Saucers extremely numerous, fitting, on the fides of the leaves,
fcarcely diftinguifhable by the naked eye, reddifh ; borders regular,
of the fame colour with the leaf. Mr. Woodward. — Grows denfely
crowded, but rather upright; the outer leaves lefs fo, thin at the
ends, larger than the central ones, deep green with a purplifh caft ;
fegments broadifh, thin, flat, rather gelatinous, the ends very finely
fcolloped. Dill.

Footferay Wood, Kent. [Sandy banks, but not commonly found
with faucers. Mr. Woodward.]

^ Lightf. — Dill. ig. 35.

In little denfe tufts, upright, rather gelatinous, darker than the
preceding, almofl; black. Leaves very fhort, very fine, fegments
capillary. Dill.

Footferay Wood and Darking. Winter.

E. Leather-like. Subjlance refembling leather.

thru/h L I ' C H E N apthofus. Leathery, creeping ; lobes blunt,
flat, fprinkled with warts. Targets on the edge,
afeending.—

Hoffm. lich. 6. i. — Dill. 28. 106. — Tl. dan. 767. i. — Neck. melh.
1 . 8, a target.

Nearly allied to L. caninus. Huds. 547. — Broader, fliorter, thinner
and lefs brittle than the L. caninus. Segments large, flattlfh, bluntly-
notched. Surface fmooth, fine green when young, grey brown when
old. fForts numerous, fcattered, blackifh. Tiiifrcfes terminating,

fine

A L G M. Lichen.

203

fine purple, or red brown, egg-fhaped, crooked, warty, on Ihort
pedicles. Roots very long. Hoffman. — Black brown underneath,
woolly, not veined, whitening when expofed to the air: without
radical fibres. Dill.

Shady, ftony, moffy places, and on rocks. Dartmoor, Devon- ,
fhire. Ingleborough, Yorklhire; elfewhere in Yorkfhire and
Weftmoreland. Hods. — At die foot of the Pentland Hills, Scotland.

Mr. Yalden in the Tl.Jcot. 847. P. Jan. — Dec.

The country people make an infufion of it in milk, and give it to
children that have the Thrufh. In large dofes it operates by purging
and vomiting, and deftroys worms.

LI 'CHEN cani'ms. Leathery; creeping; flat, do^s
Lobes blunt, woolly, and veiny underneath. Targets on
the edge, afcending. —

Bl^kw. 336. — Dill. 27. 102.— -H. ox. XV. 7, TOW 2. i.—Fl. dan.

767.2. — Vaill. 21.16.

Targets brown, underneath fmooth and flefh-coloured. LiNN.Jaec.
n. 1 1 00. — Leaves covered with a kind of afh-coloured mealinefe.

Grows on the ground. Leaves a fpan long, i or 2 inches broad,
widening as they grow out, indented, lobes fhort, blunt, fingle or in
ftrata, membranaceous, grey dull dirty green ; woolly and veirxed
underneath, roots white fibres. Targets terminating, hard, folid,
oblong, but rounded, tawny, reddilh brown. Dill.

AJh-coloured ground Liverwort.

■^Voods, heaths, ftony places, and hedges. P. Jan. — Dec.

This is the bafis of the famous powder recommended by DoAor
Mead to prevent the effe6ls of the bite of a mad-dog, and recorded
in our difpenfatories under the name of Pulvis Antilyfllis.

B Lightf. 846. Huds.

Dill. 27. 103. — Mich. 44. ord. 12. 2.

Leaves thicker, ftiffer, fmaller, narrower, and deeper cut than the
j preceding, the edges curled, the colour darker, not veined under-
: neath, or very fuperficially fo. Dill. — In the fame places with »,

; and more common. Dill. 204.

y Lightf. 846. and Huds.

Hoffman Ikh. 4. i. — Dill. 28. 107.

Growing In tufts, divided into ‘lobes i or if inch in length,
ibroadeft at the end, the extreme lobes ending in numerous convo'
fluted red brown finger-fhaped targets, feated on pedicles. Surface
ifmooth, dull green, changing to greyifh or red brown when dry.
'Underneath veinous, downy, brownifh. Hoffman.

About Perfeddgoed Houfe not far from Bangor, Wales. Dill.
i Hues. — Dill. 38. 108.

O 2

Veiny

204

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Veiny and woolly underneath. Dill. 207. — Shorter, thinner,
whiter underneath, more tranfparent and more variegated in its
colours than the preceding. Hoffman.

On Rumbles Mear, near Helwick, Yorklhire. Dill.

Jaffron L I 'C H E N croVra;. Leathery, creeping, roundifh,
flat, veined underneath, faffron-coloured. Targets fcat-
tered, grown to. —

Lim.lapp. ii. 3. — Dill. 30. 120, from Jpecimms fent him by
LinncEUS — II. dan. 263.

Leaves nearly flat, lying on the ground, roundilh, narrower to-
wards the bafe, about an inch over, cut at the edge, lobes blunt,
fometimes entire, fcolloped, 3 or 4 leaves forming a circle, but not
regular, colour grey green, deep yellow underneath, which circum-
llance alone is fufEcient to diftinguilh it. Targeti flat, brown, few,
I to 2 lines diameter. Linn, in Dill.

On a rock near the top of Bentelkerney, Breadalbane. Mr. Stuart
in FI. foot. — Rocks and ftony places, and groves on mountains near
Money Mulk, Aberdeenfhire. Huds. P. Jan. — Dec.

rujl-fpangled LI'CHEN fuligino'fus. Leafy, creeping, indented-
lobed, rough underneath, covered with a fpongy down
and pitted. Saucers flat, ruft-coloured, edges pale.
Dicks. 13.

Dill. 26. 100,

Afh-coloured fea-green, tinged of a lurid colour, yellowifli under-
neath, with white hollows. Dicks. 13. — Leaver foft, tender, wrinkled
and pitted above, and ftrewed with a footy-like powder ; woolly and
fpongy underneath, with here and there a white hollow, but no
fibrous roots. Saucers few, fmall, flat, ruft-coloured, with a thin
pale border. Dill.

Growing always upon Mofs, and not diredlly attached to the
fubftance on which it appears to grow. At the foot of Mount Cader
• Ideris, near Dolgelle, in Auguft. Dill. — [In woods on the branches

of trees. Dicks. — On trees near Amblefide. Dr. J. E. Smith.]

Jiat-Jkield LI'CHEN horizonta'Us. Leathery ; creeping ; flat;

not veiny underneath. Targets on the edge, hori-
zontal.— ^ ^

Dill. 28. 104. — Mich. ord. 12. i, and 6. — FI. dan. 533.^
and 765.?

Leaves varioufly divided into lobes, thin, not rigid, dull brownilh
green, brown underneath, but white at the edge, fibrous roots
blackilh. Targets egg-ftiaped, fiat, on the edge of the leaves, yellow
red. Dill.

Enfield

A L G iE. Lichen. 205

Enfield Foreft. Dill. — Moift rocks and ftones, and at the roots
of trees. Huns. P. Jan.— Dec,

LI'CHEN perla'tus. Leafy, creeping; lobed ; pearl
fmooth ; mealy at the edge, black underneath. Saucers
on fruit-ftalks fomewhat fcolloped, brown. Huds. —

Leathery. Linn.

Dill. 20. 39. — Vcdll. 21. 12. — Mich. 50. ord. 24. i. — Barr. 1278.

3, a young plant.

I have examined thoufands of plants without finding one with
Saucers. Mr. Woodward. — Blue grey, pitted, fringed. Saucers
large, glafs-fhaped, on ftiort pedicles, brown and fmooth within,
border when old, cracked. Very common, particularly about
Oxford, on the trunks of oaks, but feldom found with faucers. Dill.

Trunks of trees and ftones. [Scarce in Norfolk, but extremely
eommon in Hertfordfhire, particularly on the fmooth bark of Beech,
on which it grows with great regularity and beauty. Mr. Woodw.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

LI'CHEN refuplna'tus. Leathery, creeping, lobed. reverfed
Targets on the edge, facing downwards. —

Dill. 28. 105, — Mich. 44, ord. 13. 2.— F/. dan. 764.

Readily diftinguilhable from L. caninus from the targets arifing
from the fide of the leaf next the ground, and their being
fmaller. Linn. fuec. n. 1096. — Subftance thin. Lobes bluntly
fcolloped, brown lead-colour, grey and whitilh underneath, neither
woolly nor fibrous. Targets numerous, varying infize, ruft-coloured,
fixed to the lower fide of the leaf. Dill.

Trunks of trees, rocks, ftones, on pebbles on the fea ftiore, and on
the ground in ftony places. P. Jan. — Dec.

L I ' C H E N facca'tus. Leathery, creeping ; circular, pitted
Targets funk below the furface of the leaf, forming a kina
of bag beneath. —

Mich. 52. ord. 31. — FI. dan. 532. 3, left hand fig. — Dill. 30. 121 .

— f7. dan. ib. right hand fig. is a form in ivkich I have never feen it. ^

Readily diftinguilhable from its having in place of a target a fack
hanging down from the lower furface. Linn. fuec. n. 1 102. — Leaves
at firft dlfpofed in a circular figure, but little cut, when older divided
into bluntly fcolloped lobes, thin, tender, fmooth, fine glaucous
green. Roots from the under furface, fibrous. Targets in a hollow
fack in the leaf. Dill.

O3

Cheddef^

2o6

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Chedder rocks not far from a fubterranean river. On Snowdon,
at the rocks of Llyn Own y Ffynnon Velen, and about Glogwyn y
Garnedh. Dill. — [About the mouth of Yordas Cave, near Inlge-
borough Hill. Dr. J, E. Smith.] P. Jan. — Dec.

wood LI 'CHEN fylvat'icus. Leathery; creeping; jagged;
pitted. Targets on the edge ; afcending. —

Dill. 27. 1 01. — Hqffm. Uch. 4. 2. — Mich. 84. ord. ii, leaves and
fegrmnts too broad, and the ends of form reprefented as fringed.
Large, lying on the ground, margin raifed, irregularly divided
into fegments, which are lopped and angular at the ends. Surface
dull brown green, red brown when old and dry, blackifh at the ends,
pitted, rough in the rifing parts with minute black Warts. Under-
neath fpongy and woolly. Subftance tough, flexible, greenifh or
dirty white. Targets few, at the end of the narroweft fegments,
fmall, oblong or roundifh, brown red. Hoffman.

In fhady woods at the roots’ of trees. In the wood called Enfield
Chace, near Southgate, Middlefex, near Dolgelle, Merionethfhire,
Ludlon Vallet, Herefordfhire. Dill. — Glen Eawood and other
places about Kirkmichael, Dumfriesftiire. Burgess in FI. foot.

P. Jan. — Dec.

' P Above of a fine green, the edges a little curled, and powdered
with a bright yellow meal. Mr. Newberry.

[On alb, fycamore, and oak in the North Weft of Devonfhirc.
Mr. Newberry.]

veined L I ' C H EN venofus. Leathery, creeping, egg-ihaped,
flat, veined and woolly underneath. Targets at the
edge, horizontal. —

Dill. 28. log.— Hqffm. Uch. 6. 2. — Mich. 5. — Dill. 2S. no,

in its young fate.

At firft fmall, circular, flat on the gi'ound; when older raifed up,

I or if inch over, oblong or egg-lhaped, border divided into a few
fegments, but irregularly and obliquely. Surface greenifh, grey
or brown when dry ; white and brown variegated underneath, with
large veins, thick, woolly, brown, dividing at the extremities. Root
at the bafe of the leaf, wedge-fhaped, fhort. Targets at the end of
the lobes, fitting, concave or convex, circular, horizontal, dark
brown purple. Hoffman.

Moift rocks under fhady brows in feveral parts of Glenkill Linn,
and GJenkill Burn, in the parifh of Kirkmichael, Dumfricsfiiire. -
Dr. Burgess in f. foot. 844. — Moiftifh ftones and rocks about
Dur.kcld, Scotland. p, Jan.— Dec.

F. Sooty.

207

A L G Lichen.

F. Sooty. Adhering only by one point. Surface as if JprinkUd with

foot.

L I'C H E N deuf'tus. Surface on both fides even.— fmutted
Dill. 30. 1 1 7. — VaiU. 21. 14.

So brittle, that unlefs when moift, it cannot be feparated from
the rocks without being torn. Linn. /tJec. n. 1105. Circular, i to
1 4 inch diameter, lobed, leathery, grey and foft above, rather
roughifh, and brown grey or blackifh underneath. Targets fmall,
black, but little raifed. Dill.

St. Vincent’s rocks near Briftol. Dare in Dill. — About Llanbems.

Mr. Davies in f. ang.

L I ' C H E N mma'tus. Umbilicated, hunched ; cloudy

dotted ; tawny underneath. —

facq. mifc. n. 10. 3. — Bolt. 13 1. C. — Dill. 3°* ^27. Hall, enum.

2. 2. at p. gi, repr. in hijl. 47. 2, at iii.p. 88. FI. dan. 532. i.

— Mich, 54. ord. 36. i. — (Vaill. 21. is L. deufus.J
Leather)', thick, tough, ftrong; firmly fixed to rocks by a central
root, irregular in fhape, generally lobed, colour that of coffee with
plenty of cream added to it; apparently fcaly on the furface, but
they are fmall brown dots, turning blackifh, underneath ochrcy red.

Shrinks and twills much in drying. Jac quin. —Leaner many toge-
ther, outer ones by far the largeft, waved at the edge. Inner leaves
crowded, edges turned down and indented fo as to have a wrinkled
or curled appearance. Dill. — Do/5 of the colour of yed lead. Mi.
Woodward.

On rocks and large flbnes. [A rock at Ham, Derby fhire, is

covered with it for feveral yards. Mr. Woodward.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

a Lightf. 858. HuDs.549. Plant dulky olive. Bolt.— Leaves

elevated and coiled like hollow cylinders. Lightf.

FI. dan. 532. 2.— Mich. 54. ord. 36. 2. — Bolt. 13 1. 6.—(Ddl. 30.

- 12S and Bolt. 1^1. a. is a diJlinSl fpecies.J

On rocks mixed with a. [Ham, Derbyfhire, growing with a. Mr.
Woodward.]

L I ' C H E N pnlyphyl'lus. Compofed of feveral leaves ; fmooth
even on both fides ; greenifh black ; fcolloped. —

facq. coll. ii. 16. I. a to i.—Dill. 30. 129.— (iWicA. 54. ord. 36.

2, is L. mniatus P. — Hall. 47. 5, at iii. p. BQ, is a different
plant.)

LeauF5 growing from a fingle ftony root, lying in a circle, tiled,
inner ones the fmallcfi:, thin, fmooth on both fides, neatly fcolloped,
ruHct brown above, darker underneath. Dill.

On

2o8

CRYPTOGAMIA.

On rocks and ftones. On Snowdon, at Llyn Llydaw rocks, and
about Llyn Cwm y Ffynnon las, and on the tops of the mountains
Cwm Brwynog towards Ardhu, near Llanberris, Caernarvonfhire.
Dill. — Rocks on the Highland mountains. Lightf. [St.]

P. Jan. — Dec.

fhrous LI'CHEN polyrhl'ziis. Compofed of feveral leaves,
of an even fnrface on both lides; fibres numerous. Linn.
—Smooth above, fibrous and black underneath. Lightf.
864.

Hoffm. licL 2.f. 3. Hoffm. licL 26. 3.;— Ha//, emm. 2.

4, atp. gi ; repr. in Uft. 47. 4, at ni.p. 88. — Dill.^o, 130.— f7.
dan. 597. 1. (Dill. 30. 1 1 8, and FI. dan, 471.3, are L.
torrefaSJus.J ' ^

Plant circular, expanded, thick, fome inches over, edge curled,
irregularly nicked and fcolloped. Surface wrinkled or plaited, grey
white, fprinkled with minute dots, fometimes cracked, fometimes
powdery, fometimes fmooth. Under fide very black, clofely fet
with fhort forked tendrils ; root central. Not quite certain that it is
the plant of Linnaeus. Hoffman.— Certainly the fame as Dill.
30. f. 130, referred to by Linn. Witfj,' — Colour cinereous, darker
towards the edges. Smooth above, underneath quite covered with
fibrous roots, except near the centre which is naked and fmooth.
Fmclificaticns numerous, black, and as Dillenius defcribes them
“ furrounded with a margin and tubercled in the center.” Mr.
Relhan. — Befides the black fibres underneath, it feems to have a
central root, which being broken off leaves the bare place mentioned
by Mr. Relhan, apd figured by Hoffman, which further fatisfies me
that the plant of Hoffman, Dillenius, and Lightfoot, are the
fame. With.

In the fame places with L. polyphillu}. Dill.— On rocks in the
Highlands, Lightf. St.— and Lowlands. Dr. Burgess in Fl.fcot.

—^lark's park and paradife near Money Mufk, Aberdeenfhire.

P. Jan. — Dec.

hutton LI'CHEN probofdde'us. Umbilicated. Taraef
turban-fhaped, lopped, perforated.— ^

iMw. Jlirp. li. I. A.—Jacq. viifc. ii. 9. z.—DilU^. 1 16.— Fi
dan. 471.

an inch diameter, roundi(h, circular, unequally an.

uXLrt 'j f ’ ''c'’ " >i>=«nlr,lmootl

u uerncath he, e and there throwing

h tl Ih, 01 iomewhat twilled, aHi-coloured, roughened with brow,
elevated [..ointe. raljetr katlercd over the lu'rlace, black, ver,

fm.l!

A L G iE. Lichen

209

fmall, pierced with a pore down to the leaf, with a broad flat edge.

Ljjry, — Flat, extending every way from a central root. Deeply
divided into lobes ; irregular and curled at the edge. Hedwig. — ■

Root ftony. Leaves not more than an inch long ; loofe, broad, con-
cave, fegments fringed, fmooth on both fides, not Ihining, when
wet pellucid like horn, dull grey green. Dill. — Targets fitting, or on ^

pedicles, convex, often marked with concentric circular lines. Jacq.
mife. ii. 81.

On the rocks called Llyn Llydaw, and near Llyn Cwm y Ffynnon
las ; alfo on the tops of the mountains from Cwm Brwynog, towards
Ardhu, near Llanberris ; and on the higheft rocks of Berwyn moun-
tain, Derbylhire. Dill. — Rocks on the Highland mountains.

Lightf. [St.] — [On rocks in the mountainous parts of Dartmoor,

Devonfhire, rare. Mr. Newberry.] P. Jan. — Dec.

L I ' C H E N pul'lus. Wolf in Jacq. mife. ii. 83. — brown

Umbilicated, fmooth on each fide, between plaited and
curled, lobed, pimpled underneath ; above befet with
convex deprefled targets. Murr. in fyjl. veg. 962. —

Above broken, black underneath. Targets comprelfed,
of the fame colour. Dicks, ii. 23.

Jacq. mife. ii. 9. 3.

Leaves thin, tough, leathery, circular, fixed to a central root, pim-
pled, lobed, curled. Tubercles like targets, roundifh, protuberating,
fitting, marked with ferpentine or concentric lines. Jacq.
mife. ii. 83.,

Rocks on the mountains of Scotland.

L I ' C H E N pujlula'tus. Pitted underneath ; fprinkled fnged
over with a black bran. —

Hnffm. lick. ii. 28. 1 . 2'. — 29.4. — Dill. ^o. 131. — FI. dan. 597.

2. — Mich. 47, much larger than I have ever Jeen it. — VailL 20. 9.

Greenifh when moift. Linn, — Root fingle, central, of a flony
confiftence. — Leaf fingle, concave, circular, 2 to 5 inches over, thin,
membranaceous, lobes broad, fhallow, deeper in the old plants,
covered with numerous puftules, round or oblong, hollow, opening
under the leaf. Plant when wet brown green at the edge, leaden
grey in the center, dirty yellow to blackifh underneath. Subftance
white. Dill. — Saucers very rare, only found on the very largeft
plants, amongft the puftules, circular, black, flattifli ; border thin,
of the fame colour. Plant flexible when wet, brittle when dry.

Hof FM. Lich. ii. I . p. 14.

On rocks with a South expofure under Keven Lees Caftle, Rad-
norftiire, and on a large mafs of rock on the right of the road from

Penmorvay

2 10

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Penmorvay to Dolbelmen, Caemarvonfhire. Dill. — Near Halifax,
Yorkfhire. Bolt, in Hudf. — In Scotland. Lightf. — [Malvern Hills,
Worcefterfhire. St.] P. Jan.— Dec!

A beautiful red colour may be prepared from it. Linn. — And it
may be converted into an exceedingly black paint.

crumpled L I'C H E N torrefac'tus. Blackifh brown, wrinkled *
above, reticulated and fibrous underneath. Warts black,
curled. Lightf. 862.

Hoffm. Itch. 2. I. 2. — Dill.^o. 118. — FI. dan. 471. 3.

L. polyrJdzos. Hu DS. ggo.

Plant expanded, circular, 2 or 3 inches over; thick, rigid, brittle
when dry; edge indented, fegments fhort, irregularly fcolloped,
and ragged. Surface black, brownifh towards the center, texture
like leather, rough, tubercles black femi-globular grains. Under
fide fmooth, grey brown, reticulated with veins, no root but in the
center. Hoffman. — 'Targets black, oval, like protuberating warts,
wrinkled. Dill.

Found in the fame places with L. cormus. Dill. — On rocks and
ftones. On St. Vincent’s Rocks, near Briftol. Huns.— About
Llanberris. Mr. Davies in FI. cnig. — On the Highland Rocks fre-
quent. Lightf. — [On rocks in the mountainous parts of Dartmoor,
Devonfhire, rare. Mr. Newberry.] P. Jan.— Dec!

G. Glass-shaped. Receptacle like a drinking glafs.

cup LI 'CHEN pyxida'tus. Glafs-bearing, fimple, finely

fcolloped. Tubercles brown. Linn Foot-ftalk upright

cylindrical, fupporting a glafs-like cup. Tubercles on
the edge, roundifli. Huns.

Great is the difficulty of afeertaining which of the numerous
appearances of this tribe are fpecies, and which varieties. Linmeus
has made almoft all diflind fpecies, Mr. Hudfon varieties, the
truth probably lies between both extremes. Mr. Woodward.

« VaiU. 2 1 . Q.—Dill. 1 4. 6. A. B.~Walc. Ko. g.f. 2 .—Mich. 41. :

ord. 8. I, A, the frjl L. (l.—Toum. ^25. 2; D.—Ger.em. '
1560. 6, cop. in Park. 1308. 1 1. — Vaill. 21.7, is thought by Dill,
to be the fame plant grown old.

Cnijl at firft granulated, in time forming leaves which are of no -

certain ^ure, Imalfi cut ^ the edge, greenifli above, white under-

ntzth. Tubes i to i inch high, Ipringing from the bafr of the leaves, ]
thicken upwards, and expanding at the fummit like a drinking
glafs ; fcolloped at the edge, the hollow of the upper expanded part I
Icparated by a partition from the hollow of the tubular part below, t
Thele tubes arc of a light grey colour; Ibinetimes mealy. Dill. J

Cup* <

2I I

A L G Lichen,

Ca/)-mq/j.— Heaths, woods, banks, and rocks, and about the rootg

of old trees. .

The powder of this, and a decoilion of it were formerly given to

cure the Chin-cough.

^ New cups rifing from the center of thofe below.

FI. lapp. n. 431. fuec. n. 1 1 1 1 . — Dill. 1/^.6. D to H. Vcull. 2 r . 5,
—Walc.f.3.

Cups fometimes rifing one out of the other to 5 uages, and lome-
times with fmall fitting brown or blackifti tubercles. Lightf.
y FI. Juec. Cups proliferous from the edge.

Vaill. 21. g. — DHL 6. 1. — ■Walc.f.i^. — H. ox. 15. 7* 4> P'

634. — Mich. 41. 7 and 8.

Cups rifing fometimes to 4 ftages. Stalks fometimes leafy.
Lightf. — Frequently covered with much greenilh meal, and a
leafy cruft, but the bafe is only a greenilh cruft, not leafy. Di^l.
y Huds. — ^Proliferous, with tubercles.

Vcttll. 21. II. — Dill. 14. 6, C, K, L, M.

L. tuberculatus. Relh. n. 879.

Heaths and fuch like dry places, on ftones and trunks of trees
covered with a thin coat of foil. Dill.— Woods and walls. Relh.

P. Jan. — Dec.

J nvns.—fimbriatus. Glafs-bearing. Cup fimple, finely

toothed. Stem cylindrical. Linn.

Dill. 14. 8, A, B.—Happ. iii. Lichen 2, a and c. — Mich. 41. ord,
8. sand j^.—Vmll. 21. 6.-~Mich. 41. ord. 8. 4, is alJo.referred to
by Linrucus, on account probably of its cylindrical Jlem, thou^ the
edge of the cup is very entire. — (Dill 1 4. g, is L. comucopioides.)
Stems flender. Tubercles and cups fmall, the latter finely ferrated
.at the edge. Leaves lying on the ground, fmall, varioufly cut, grey
green, lefs grey than the cups. Tubercles final), brown, fixed to the
little teeth of the cup, not commonly occurring. Dill.

Lichen fimbriatus. Linn. Lightf. Relh.

Moors, heaths, dry paftures, common. P. Jan.— Dec.

s Hods. — Proliferous from the ferrated edge of the cup. Lightf.
871 . — Sometimes to 3 ftages. Hall.

Dill. 14- 8. C. and Happ. iii. Lichen 2.— Vail. 21. g.—(H. ox.
XV. 7. 4. p. 632, is L. pyxidatus y. — Mich. 42. P* P,fho2ddfeeni to
be L. comucopioides ^.)

^ Tnmpet-fhaped.

Dill. 14. 10. — Mich. 41. 6. — Vcull. 26. 10.

Leaves compact, fpread on the ground, varioufly cut, fegment*
rather raifed, fine green above, white underneath, rather thick,
ftiffifh, large for the fize of the plant and numerous, by which and

by the fmallncfs of the cups it may be readily diftinguifhcd. Cups
•' in

12

CRYPTOGAMIA.

in the winter grey white, in the fpring brown, tubercles not com-
mon, very fmall, fcarlet, on ftiort foot-ftalks, the cups now fplitting
into fegments forming ftalks to the tubercles. Dill.

Lichen flifcn-mis. Hudf. ed. I. 456. Relh. n. 882.— L. tubiformis.
Lightf. 871 .

Black Heath, near Greenwich, and other fimilarfjtuations. Dill.
—Woods, at the roots of old trees, Lightf. — and walls. Relh.

♦) Huds. — exigmcs.

Dill. 1 4. 1 1 .

Leaves numerous, fmall, glaucous grefen above, white underneath,
fmaller, lliorter, broader, lefs cut and lefs upright than the preced-
ing. Qipi fhorter, brown within, very fmall. Dill.

Heaths near Charlton and Woolwich. Jan. Feb. Dill,

.9 Huds. — Eik’s-horn. — Leaves nearly upright, jagged, curled,
bearing cups. Cups very Ihort, conical. Huds. ed. 1. 457.— Simple,

afterwards proliferous with black tubercles. Lightf. 872.' Leaves

large, half upright, even, cartilaginous, flat, branches like an Elk’s
horn, edges rather turned in, grey or yellow green above, white
underneath. Cups from the diflr and the edges of the leaves, very
firiall, nightly hollowed, rounded or angular, edges often very
minurely toothed. Dill. ^

Dill. 14. 12, A, B, D.^Vaill. 21. 3.— MicA. 42. ord. 8. i and 2.
H. ox. XV. 7. roiv 3. 3. at p. 632.— Barr. 1278. 4, may be 9
portion of the leaf.

L.foliaceus. Hudf. ed. I. — L. alcicorms. Lightf. 872. Relh n.
1083. '

1. As charadlerifed by Mr. Hudfon above.— DiVh ib.f. A.

Black Heath, and other dry heaths and paftures.

2. Very much branched; leaves at the divifions of the ftem;

toothed, edged with tubercles!

Snowdon.

3. Stern branched ; branches running into leaves, Leaves
upright, with winged clefts. Dill. ib. e. f. D.

Trowbridge, Wiltfliire. Dill.

fub”rcSfa‘;S.'L7l';

ox. xv. 7. ro», 2. is L. pyxLus y. l *'
Cups greemlh grey, fometimes fpringing one out of another,—

''cautifu,

L, cocciferiis. Linn. Lightf. Relh.

Hotilhs

A L G Lichen. 213

Heaths. OA.— Spring. Dill.

X Huds. — comucopioides. Glafs-bearing. Cup fimple, {hotter
than the leaves. Tubercles fcarlet. Linn.

Dii/. 14. 9.

Crult leafy, greenifh. Cups grey, edged with a leafy fringe, tipped
with fmall brown tubercles , often proliferous. Dill.

L. comucopioides. Linn. Lightf. Relh.

Moors and heaths, with L. cocciferus. P. Jan. Dec.

X UvDS.—comutus. Glafs-bearing, nearly fimple, fomewhat
bellying. Cups entire. Linn.

Dill. 15. 14.— -Barr. 1277. i.

Cruft on the ground, fupporting curled leaves, and thefe produc-
ing tubular frucftifications, upright or bending, fmooth or rough
with a mealy cruft, greenifh or greying, hollow, entire at the top,
pointed or forked, with or without tubercles, fometimes branched at
the bafe. Tubercles on the edge of the tubes which then appear as if
cut acrofs. Dill.

L. comutus. Linn. Lightf. Relh.

On moift heaths and moors. P- J^n. ^Dcc.

[ji Huds. — Nearly fimple; fomewhat inflated; cups toothed.

Linn.

FI. lapp. II. 5. — Mich. 41. ord. 7. i. — Dill. 15. 18.

Stem upright, fometimes crooked, thick asa goofe quill, fometimes
with I or 2 branches, thickeft upwards, ending in fmall {hallow
cups, edged with 4, 5, or more teeth. Colour dirty grey green.

Surface mealy and woolly, often incrufted with crifp foliage. Ta-
iercfei fmall, reddifh. Leoues fmall, cut, hoary grey, on the lower
part of the ftem. Dill.

L. deformis. Linn. Lightf. 876.

On rotten wood moftly in woods. Dill. — and heaths. Relh.
n. 886.

, Huds. — Very much branched; inflated; cups toothed;
tubercles brown. Huds.

Dill. 15. 17.

S/em nearly cylindrical, expanding into a cup, which branches
out into a number of fub-divifions, which terminate in their turn
in other cups, divided into teeth, and tipt with brown tubercles. —

Growing in clufters. Stems upright, ftiflf, thinneft at bottom, fwell-
ing at top into a cup, which branches out into numerous rays or
fpokes bearing other cups. Plant about 2 inches high, covered with
a hoary wool. Cups on the branches bearing fmall brownifh tubercles
in the fpring. Leaves fmall, fcolloped, hoary. Dill.

L. venlricofus. Hudf. ed. I. 457. Lightf. 875.

On rotten wood, moftly in woods. Dill.

^ Huds.

214

CRYPTOGAMIA.

| Huds.— Very much branched; branches cylindrical; cups
entire, edged wit^ round tubercles. Linn.

Dill. 15. ig.

Tubercles numerous, fcarlet. In doubt whether to reckon this as
bearing cups. When without tubercles the Hems terminate in blunt,
unequal finger-like horns, forming a kind of cavity but not a proper
cup. Stems hollow, i or if inch high, hoary grey, moftly branched,
oi unequal thicknefs, rough with greyifh or brownilh eminences.
Tubercles terminating, numerous, fine fcarlet. Leaves fmall, hoary'
nightly cut. Dill. '

L. digitatus. Linn. Lightf. Relh.

Barren heaths and woods at the decayed roots of trees. Dill. Feb.
0 Huds. Dill. 15. 20. — Hag. 2. g, is fuppojed by Hagen to be
the fame plant, but in his figure there is no appearance of any cup.
Leouei at the bafe fmall, fcolloped, rather hoary. Stems to
inch high, flender, greyifh, fmooth, or with a leafy greenifh cruft.
Tubercles terminating, generally on a broad bafe, fomewhat refem-
bling a cup, fmall, roundifh, brown, black when dried. Dill.
Woolwich Heath. Dill.

m Huds. — Dill. 14. 13. — H. ox. xv. 7. row 3. 6, p. 632. — Mich.
41. ord. 7. 5.

Stem in fome plants tapering to a point, in others terminated by
a cup tipt with tubeiicles. Linn.— at the bafe numerous,
deeply cut, grey green, hoary underneath. Stems i to 3 or 4 inches
high, but the more they are branched the fhorter they are ; at firft
grey, at length brownifh towards the top, and wholly brown when
in fruit; flender, hollow, fmootlj; top flender, except when bearing
cups and tubercles. Ample or branched. Cups fmall, ferrated at the
edge. Tubercks on the teeth, roundifh, reddifh brown. Dill.

L. gracilis. Linn. Lightf.

Mountainous and rocky heaths. Leath Hill, Surry.

P. Jan. — Dec.

p UvDs.—Ddl. 15. 16.— Md. 41. ord. 7. 3, 4, 2.—Scheuchz,

5‘ 3* V(ull. 7. jffaid by Dill, to be ill done.

Leaves at the bafe, fometimes alfo fixed to the Hem, fmall, finely
cut, hoary green above, white underneath. Tubes greyifh green
about two inches high, foft, hollow. Ample or branched, tliickeft
upwards, ending in fhallow cups with oblong hollow horn-fhaped
fpokes on the edge. Thefe fpokes are not branclied, but they fomc-
Umes terminate m fmaller cups, fupporting other fmaller fpokes.
Werefo on pedicles on the edges of the cups, or terminating the
branches, reddifh brown. Dill.

Enfield Chacc, Middlefex. Dill.

H. Shrubby.

A L G iE. Lichen. 215

H. Shrubby. Shooting vUo hranchs like a tree or a fltrub. ,

hl'CHEN fra^ilis. Shrubby; folid. Little branches brittle
round, blunt. Linn. — Smooth. Little branches nearly
round. Tubercles terminating, globular, hollow. Huns.

(including L. globiferus as a variety.)

Dill. 17. 34. — Jacq. Mifc. ii. g. 6. — FI. lapp. ii. 4.

It cannot be gathered without breaking, except when moifl, as it
is more brittle than a Coralline which it alfomuchrefembles. Linn.

— Stem and branches Ihort, cylindrical, folid, brittle, blunt, rather
fhining, dirty white, often reddifh at the ends; white within.

Jacquin. — Grows compared together, fhrub-like, i or if inch high.

Roots woody, brown black, penetrating the fiflures of fchiftus rocks.

Stems ftiff, like ivory. Branches numerous, cylindrical, finooth,
blunt at the end, forked or entire. Fruit-bearing plants thicker,
broader, comprefled, pitted and unequal. Tubercles hard, folid,
globular, filled with footy powder. Dill.

On rocb and ftones on mountains and high heatlis.

P. Jan. — Dec.

(S Huds. — Shrubby; folid; fmooth. Tubercles globular; hol-
low; at the ends of the branches. Linn.

Dill. 17. 35. — FI. dan. 960. — Mich. 39. 6.

Similar to L. pajch^, but fmoother, leaflefs, and the branches
terminated by globular tubercles, hollow with a fmall mouth, gaping
fpherically, black within. Linn. — Slender, very much branched,
glaucous grey, i to 2 inches high, cylindrical, foft when frefli, ftiff
when dry, fmooth. Tubercles terminating, numerous, globular,
containing a black powder, the outer coat thick, cracking in 3 or 4
places. Dill.

L. globiferus. Linn. Lightf. 887. — L.globofus. Hudf. ed. i. 460.

Rocks at Tunbridge. On the Stieperftones, Shropfhire. Snowdon,
and in the Highlands and Lowlands. [Rocks in the mountainous
parts of Dartmoor, Devonftiire. Mr. Newberry. — Rocks in the
North of England. Mr. Woodward.]

LI'CHEN mufci'cola. Swartz. — Shrubby, appearing interwoven
as if cruftaceous ; very much branched. Branches very
fhort, interwoven, bkckilh green. Saucers of the fame '
colour. Dicks, ii. 23.

Dckf. 6. g.

. Rocks, growing on mofs, on the higher mountains of Scotland.

LI'CHEN Papilla'ria. Shrubby, fiftular, leaflefs, madrepore
whitilh. Branches very few, blunt, very Ihorl. Tuber-
cles terminating, flefh-coloured. Eiirhart in Die/;/. 13.

Dill.

2i5

CRYPTOGAMIA.

,i„ . ^ DiU. l6. 28.

Hardly f an inc^ high. Stems flender, white, fmoott, unequal,
with here and there a knot, as if jointed, Hranches very fliort, ter-
minating, ending like the top of a. double tooth’. Cnijl cracked. Dill.
Heathy, Near Bagfliot on the road to Farnham. Dill. 107.

Spring, Winter.

incrujled ^ LI 'CHEN pafcka'lis. Shrubby, folid, covered with
little cruftaceous leaves. —

DiU. 17, Itch. 5. i. — Mich. 53. 5 to 8. — FI. dan. 151,

Happ. ii. Lichen 2. — H. ox. xv. 7. 12. — Scheuch. it. 19. 4, at
p. 136, cop. in Pet. gaz. 65. 7.

.Stems very fmooth, beautifully incrufted with leaves, efpeciaJly
when viewed through a magnifying lens. Eaten by Rein-deer.
Linn. Upright or decumbent, many roundifh ftems ifluing from
a larger ftem, divided and fub-divided, the extremities bent, woody,

^ flaccid when wet, pale fea-green to yellow or red brown. Young

plants covered with a brittle cruft. Warts very minute, numerous
on the extreme branches. Tubercles like faitcers, Angle or crowded,
of a brown colour, are fcattered over different parts of the plant.
From I to 4 inches high. Hoffman. — Woody at the bafe, fixed
like fea- weeds, to the rocks. Stems tough, woody, varioufly branched,
zigzag, I to 2 inches high. Stems incrufted, fqmetimes naked,
efpecially in the lower part of the older plants. Branches generally
incrufted., with fmall granulations. Ttihercks Tingle, or in clufters,
round, red broxvn, fmooth. Dill.

Upon rocks on high mountains. [Near Amblefide, Cumberland.
Dr. J. K Smith. — In the mountainous parts of Dartmoor, Devon-
fhire. Mr. Newberry.] p, j^n. Dec.

rein-deer L I 'CHEN rangiferi'nus. Shrubby, perforated, very
much branched, little branches nodding, —

Dill^ ifi, 29. FI. dan, 180. — Mich. 40. i. — Ger. 1380. 5, cop, in
Ger. em. 1572. 5, and again in Park. 1310. 8.

'Branches perforated in the forks. Linn. fuec. n. ii 17. — Light,
bErttJe,-.h^ry when dry ; grey green or vvhitifh, tender and foft '
whep.-freljr, .Surface covered with mealy particles. Has neither
leaf nor leafy cruft. Roots not eafy to find ; it adheres .fljghtly to
the earth and to Mofles, from which it readily feparates. But many
fpecies-of Lichch feem deftitute of roots, and to be nourilhed by the
leaves, or by a niucous matter at the bafe. Aboui> .2 inches high,
divMfed gnd fiib-diYided into branches aft the way up, the ends turn-
ing dpwrij, , -.Tuhercles fmall, ..roundilh, reddilh, Ifiining, black when
dry, on the terminations of the branches. Dill.

Heaths

A L G JE, Lichen. 217

deaths and high expofed mountainous fituations, Dill. — and
Woods. Huds. P' Jan. Dec.

The Laplanders could not exifl; without this plant. It is the food
of the Rein-deer, which will grow fat upon it, and the Rein-deer
fupplies every neceffar^’ of life for the contented people of that
inhofpitable climate.

$ Dill. 1 6. 30.— “f7. dan. ^^g-.

Smaller branches reddifh, and the whole when old turning brown.

Tubercles darker brown than thofe of the preceding, more crowded,
more frequently found. Branches fometimes bearing fmall. crifp
leaves. Dill.

In the fame places with «. Dilli

LI'CHEN Shrubby, folid^ compreffed, podded
fomewhat branched. Tubercles lateral, concave. Huds,
ed. i. 460. ed. ii. 559.

' Dill. 17. 38. — H. ox. XV. 7. row 3. 4.

Stems many, from a chalky bafe, upright, ftiff, I'wollen but com-
prefTed, filled with a white fungous fubftance, i to 2 inches high,
•fittipleorwithaorgforks; at firft even, but with age furrowed
lengthways and divided acrofs like a pod containing feeds. In time
thefe inequalities projedl likfe fmall warts, of a grey white colour^
whilft the reft of the plant is grey green* becoming ycllowilh tvith
age. Dill.

On the large ftones fcatfered over the Grey Weathers, Wiltfiiire,
and on rocks in Wales. Dill, H J^n.' Dec.

LI'GHEN fubula'tus^ Shrubby; fomewhat forked ; horned
branches undivided ; awl-lhaped, — •

Dill. 16. 26.— Ger. 1374. 8, cop. inPark. 1308. 12, and J. B. iii.

2. — Bttxb. ii. 5. 2, reprejents it as befet with white warts.

— (Ger. em. 1561. 8, is Acrqflichum feptentrionak.J

Stems I to 2 inches or more in height, flender, grey, or greefiifh,
svhite when dr)', fmooth, not branched at bottom. Leaves fmall,
fcolloped, grey, hoary underneath. Tubercles fmall, globular, foli-
: tary, red brown. Dill. — Stem fometimes fringed with a few fcat-
uered cruftaccous leaves. Tubercles fmall, brown, globular, at the
|iends of the branches.

Homed Mofs.

Woods and heaths. Jan.-^Dcc,

iff Branches forked. Huds.

Dill. 16. 27. — iLag. 2. 10.— H. ox. XV. 7. row 3. i. p. 632-
— Vaill. 26. 7, 7, 7. — Mich. 40. 4, and D. — (Barr. 1277. 2, is
referred to by Dill, but feems more like L. uncialis B.J

Vol. III. P

L.furcatus.

I§

radiated

Jkort

CRYPTOGAM I A.

L.furcatus. Hudf. cd. I. 458. Lightf. 881. Relh. n. 891.

Branches more numerous and (hortet than In the preceding, and
alfo more leafy. Tubercles terminating, fmall, round, flefh colour
or yellovvifh. Dill.

!3 Leaves remarkably crifped and leafy. Lightf. 882.

Dill. 16. 27. D.

Sometimes upright, fometimes bowed. Leaves and warts nume-
rous. Dill.

LI 'CHEN trif'tis. Shrubby, folid. Little branches
compreffed, branched, blackifli at the ends. Saucers ter-
minating. Linn. — Smooth. Little branches nearly

round, pointed. Saucers flat, radiated. Huds. 559.

Web. 5.— Hall. enum. 2. i, at p. 91, repr. in Kjl. 47. i, of ii. p. 88.

—Dill. 17. 37. — Gunn. ii. 2. 9 io 14?

L. corniculatus. Lightf. 885.— L. raiialus. Hudf. 559.

Grows in denfe tufts. Stems about i inch long, reclining, mode-
rately broad, compreffed, folid, fmooth, divided into a few horn-
fhaped branches, when frefh brown olive, when dry blackifh ; ftiff
tough, horny, pellucid when moift. Tubercles terminating, plano-
convex, circular or oblong, of different fizes, blackifh brown, Hefhy,
fungous and white within. In fome plants faucers are produced at
the ends of the branches, flat or gently concave, border regular, of
the fame colour with the faucer, fometimes bearing horn-fhaped
branches. Thefe faucers being fmaller than the tubercles are pro-
bably changed into tubercles. Dill.

On Snowdon, on the top of the rocks from Cwn Brwynog towards
Ardhu. Dill. — [On Carnedd Llewelin. Mr. Griffith.]— High-
land mountains, Rosfhire, and lOe of Sky. Lightf. and HuDsf—
[On rocks in the mountainous parts of Dartmoor, Devonfhire rare
Mr.NEWBERRv.] P..Tan.-Der!

LI 'CHEN uncia'Us. Shrubby; perforated; litth
branches very fhort ; fliarp.

Dill. 16: 22.

Quite holloxv, and very brittle when dry. Mr. Woodward -
Grows m denfe tufts. Stems fhort, but little branched, longer anc
more branch^ with age, hardly more than an inch high, yellowifl
or greeniftvvhite, quite white and brittle when dry. Mes ven
fmdl, reddifh blown, difpofed like ftars on the hom-fhaped extre
mities of the branches. I have fometimes, though rarely, founc
fome Whitifh fcolloped foliage at the bafe. Dill. ^

Heaths and ftony places in mountainous fituatlons. [On dn
heaths and rocks thinly covered with earth. In Dartmoor, Devon

fhire

A L G Lichen.

fliire. Mr. Newberry. — On moors in the North of England. Mr.
Woodward.] P. Jan. — Dec.

j? Huds. 555. Larger and lefs crowded in its growth.

Dill. 16. 21. — H. ox. XV. 7. row 3. 7. />• S^^.^Mich. 40. 2‘^{HalU
16. 21, in FI. ang. is on error of the prejs.)

From 2 to 4 inches high. Stems thick, tender, fmooth, forked
again and again, but not much branched, armed at each divifion of
the forks with foft thorns, open at the ends, terminating in 3, 4 or 5
rays. Tubercles infrequent, fmall, reddifh. Plant when frefh, pale
yellowifh green, or whitifh ; quite white when dry. Dill.

High heaths. Leath Hill, Surry, and the heath between Lrppock
and Petersfield, Harrjplhire. Dill.

y Huds. 555. Branching like flags horns.

Dill. 16. 25. — Mich.^o. 5, and 3. — Hag. 2. ii. — Col, ecpkr. ii.

83. I, cop. in Park. 1310. g.

Stem fhort. Brandies numerous, wide fpreading, fhort, hollow,
doven at the end, greenifh, white within. Coh. Ecpkr. — Tubercles
numerous, terminating, brown red. Leaves Dill. — Forms

the conneding medium between the L. uncialis and L. fubulalus,

Huds.

L.fpinofus. Hudf. ed. I. 459, Relh. n. 1031. LIghtf. 882, who
from a comparifon of the Dillenian herbarium was led to confider it
as a variety of g.

Barren and expofed mountainous fituations. Dill,

L I'C H E N vermtcula'rls. Shrubby, fmooth, fome- vermlc
what branched. Branches fpreading. Tubercles fcat-
tered. Linn, the Son, in fyjl. veg. 963. — ^Nearly cylin-
drical, awl-fhaped, white. Tubercles lateral, globular,

Dicks, ii. 23.

Jacq. col. ii. 12. 2. — Hqffm. lick. ii. 29, 1, 3. — Dickf. 6. 10.

In tufts. Iffuing and diverging from one central point. Awb
ftiaped, 2 t0 3inches long; foft, hollow, fnowy white, reclining,
very rarely branched, fometimes here and there a little tooth is
found, but no leaves. Jacq. coll. ii. 177. — Stems awl-fliaped, taper*
ing to a point, irregularly matted together, varioufly bending, rarely
forked, here and there a fhort lateral branch, not unlike tubercles,
hollow within, tough and pliable when moifl, brittle when dry.
Hoffman. Lich.ii. i.p. i^.

Among mofs on the higher mountains of Scotland.

I. Thread-like. Shooting into long wiry or thread-Jhaped branches.

LI 'CHEN arhcu/a'/a;. ' Thread-lhaped; pinted ; jointed
little branches very {lender, dotted. —

P 2 Col.

220

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Co/, ecphr. ii. 83. 2, coarfely cop. tn Park. 1312. 5. — Dill. ii.

— H. ox. XV. 7. row the lajl, 11. — Mich. 39. i.

Plant white; 6 to 1 2 inches long. S^eTO thick, branches very long,
terminating fub-divifions very fine, hanging down. — Sometimes
fn-iooth and regular, fometimes knotted ; the fmooth branches the
fineft, moft flexible, and moft fub-divided. Dill.

In woods on branches of trees. Wood near Stoken-church, on
Beech near Burnley, Lancalhire, and on Hazel in Gattley Park,
Herefordlhire. Dill. P. Jan. — Dec.

bearded LI 'CHEN barba'tus. Thread-fhaped ; pendant;
foinewhat jointed. Branches expanding. —

Dill. 12. 6.

Two feet or more in length, branches not much thicker than a
fewing thread, greenilh-white. — Not much branched, but the num-
ber of threads together form a confiderably large bufh or tail. Thefe
ftraight threads fend out lateral fibres throughout their whole length,
either fimple dr divided, ftanding out fideways, not pendant. 5aii-
cers few, rarely met with, fmall, flelh-coloured. Dill.

Branches of trees. Foreft of Dean, Glocefterfhire, and near
Bifhop’s Gaftle. Dill. — -Pine Forefts, Scotland. Lightf,

P. Jan. — Dec.

fcahrous LI'CHEN exi'lis. Thready, very much branched,
matted. Threads hair-like, matted, opaque, rough, Lightf.
894.— decumbent. Saucers concave, very entire. Huds,
562.

{Dill. 13. g, 15 very properly referred to by Lightf . as reprefenting the
plants but it is not ajferted to be Dillenius’s plant, zvhich is confidered
by Linnms as his L.pubefcens. — FI. dan. 879. 2 ?)

Saucers nearly as large as white Poppy feed, hemifpherical, bor-
dered, black, the bottom blackifh-brown, the edge very entire.
Huds. — Seems nearly related to Conferva from its delighting in wet
places, but the threads are not jointed. Lightf. 895. — Seems to be
between a Lichen and Confena. I never could perceive a Jkield on
one oi' the many fcores I have examined. Mr. Newberry.

L. fcaber. Hudf. n. 1 60.

On the moft naked rocks of the Highland mountains. Lightf.—
[On rocks whofe furfaces lie nearly even with the ground, on the
fides of hills, the foil of which is peat earth, in Dartmoor, Devon-
Ihire. Mr. Newberry.]

flowering LI'CHEN flo'rldus. Thread-fliaped ; branched ;
upright. Saucers radiated, —

Ho/ot.

A L G Lichen.

22 I

Hoffm. lick. 30. 2. — Col.ecphr. 334. 3, cop. in Park. 1312. 3,

— Ger. 1372. 6, repr. in Ger. em. 1560. g, and cop. in Park.

1312. 2. — H. ox. XV. 7. row the lajl. 1 4. — Happ. ii. Lichen 3.

— Dill. 13. 13. A. — Mich. 39. 5.

Grows very like a fhrub. Stem very fhort, blackifhi Branches
wide-fpreading, numerous, grey green. Sazicew large, terminating,
concave, fmooth, fringed. Dill. — Colour bluifli green, the larger
branches tawny, large for the fize of the plant ; fmaller branches
upright, cylindrical, thickly fet with horizontal hair-like fibres.

Saucers large, terminating, (lightly concave, pale yellowifh colour,
fometimes an inch in diameter; border fringed with long radiating
fibres, which fometimes alfo grow out of the under convex greenifh
fide. Hoffm. lich. ii. p. ig.

Branches of trees, efpecially oaks. Dill, P. Jan. — Dec.

(3 Huds. St. — ^Thread-fhaped, very much branched, upright.
Tubercles mealy, fcattered. Linn.

Ger. 1372. 5. — Dill. 13. 12. — Barr. 1277. 4'

Stem very fhort, woody. Branches many, fending out fhorter
lateral branches i to 2 inches or more in length, grey green, befet
with thin fliff fibres. Dill.

L. hirtus. Linn. Light f. Relh.

Woods, thickets, and old hedges. P. Jan. — Dec.

juba'tus. Thread-fhaped, peridant, com- fennel
preflTcd at the divifions of the branches. —

Dill. 12. 7, imit. in Happ. iii. IJchen 4.

In greatefl perfeiflion in winter and fpring; hanging down like
the tail of a horfe. Stems, the upper and thicker ones compreffed,
brown green to blackifh ; the (lender thread-like (ferns cylindrical,
fmooth, not hard, greenifh, not much branched, biU fometimes
twifted; and very much matted together. Dill.

On rocks and old trees in the Weft Riding of Yorkfhire. On rocks
in Chorley Foreft, Leicefterfhire, and on the fide of the Derwent,
Derbyfhire. Dill. — ^Wales and Scotland. Huds. and Lightf.

P. Jan. — Dec.

It is ufed to cure ulcerations of the fkin ; and it is eaten by Reindeer.

0 Huds. Lightf. St. — Thread-fhaped, branched, drooping.
Branches ftraddling, ferpentine and fornewhat matted. Linn.

Dill. 13. 10. — FI. dan. 262, the Jlem too thick in proportion to th^
branches, if the plant.

Stems ftiff, cylindrical, diverging, varioufly bending, not crowd-
ed, 2 or 3 inches long, but little branched, grey to brown green.
Growing on the trunks of oaks it does iwt hang down but clings to
the bark. Dill.

P3

L. cha-

222

CRYPTOGAMIA.

L. (^halybeiformis. Linn. LIghtf.

Trunks of trees, ftones, and old wood.

LI 'CHEN lana'tus, Thread-fhaped, very much
branched, drooping, matted, opake. —

Jacq. mijc. ii. lo. 5.— Dill. 13. 8.

Refembling the L. pubejcens, but much finer, nearly as fine as
. hair, Jefs rigid, nay rather foft, very much branched, decumbent,
f black green, opake. Jacq. — Two or 3 inches long. Branches not
comprefled, blacker and more crowded than in the L. jubatus, di'
verging in various direc1:ions, more branched and fub-dividing into
fhorter and more numerous hair-like fegments, matted together.
Dill.

Rocks and ftony places. In Cornwall. About a Borth one mile
from Bangor, North Wales. Dill.— In the Highlands and Low-
lands._ Lightf.— [On rocks on the fides of hills on Dartmoor, De-
vonfhire. Mr. Newberry .] ’ P. Jan. Dec.

hairy ^ LI 'CHEN plica' tus. Thread-fliaped, pendant;

branches matted together. Saucers radiated

Dill. II. I. A^atth. 62, imit. in Ger, 1369* again 1156. i,
which repr. in Matth. a. C. B. 65. i, and aljo m Lob. obf. 643. 2,
which repr. at 583. i, in ic. ii. 242. i, and 155. i; Dod. 471. 2,
Ger. em. 1558 and 1339, and cop. in Park. 1312. i ; and in J.

B. i. 6. 88. Trag. 940, on the right hand branch of the tree.
— fMich. 39. 5, is L. fioridas.J

Branches thread-like, not very tlyn, matted together, unequally
divided into other branches, the fiender divifions fibrous, rather
ftiff, grey. Saucers lateral and terminating, fiat, or but little con-
cave, thin, grey above, brownifh underneath, without any proper
border, but the edge fringed with radiating hairs. The old plants
are covered with a rough, whitilh, warty cruft. Dill.

Tree Mofs.

Branches of trees in thick woods, but rare. Woodcote Wood,
Hampfhire. A wood near Northwim, Hertfordlh. P. Jan.— Dec!

puhefeent L I'C H E N puhef'cens. Thready, very much branch-
ed, decumbent, matted, fhining

Jacq. mije. ii. 9. 7. Dill. 13. 9, is cited by Linn<tuSy but omitted
by Mr. Hudjon, toho after Lightfoot places it under his L. jeaber.
which is the exilis of Ughtfoot.

Very black, exceedingly tender, refembling very fine wool or
rough filk. Linn. >ec.n. 1126.— Allied to L. )anatus but fmaller.
fluDS. 562.— Confifting of fine threads, greatly branched, matted, *

fhining,

A L G Tremella*- - 223

fhining, decumbent, very black. Jacq.— Grows In denfe tufts ;
branches and threads Ihort, very fine," matted together, fnaoDth,

Ihining. Dill. -n r t\

Rocks and ftotiey places iu Weftmoreland. Huds, P. Jan.^ ■

LI'CHEN vulpi'nus. Thread-lhaped, very much brafs-wired
branched,, upright ; branches nearly of the fame length,
angular; angles unequal. —

jfdcci^ wife. ii. lo. — Fh dan, 226,— Dill, 13*

Lemon-coloured-; always upright. Stints at firft fmooth, cylin-
drical, almoft orange; paler with age, pitted, comprefled, at length
rough with a yellow fannaceous powder. Jacq. — Grows in clufters
round the branches of trees, chiefly oak. Shrubby; branches di-
vided and fub-divided, matted together in various directions, not
more than i or i-g inch long, cylindrical, thin, tencler, foft in wet,
rigid in dry feafons, paler or deeper yellow, terminating in fhort
hair-like fibres. Dill.

Trunks and branches of trees. In a wood four miles from Bafing-
ftoke on the road to Salilbury. Corfley Heath, Somerfetlh. About
Slingford, Suflex. In Deu Park near Horfham, and Bridge Park
near Tunbridge. Near Totteridge not far from Barnet, Hertford-
Ibire. Dill.— On Dartmoor and elfewhere in Devonftiire, and fre-
quent in Somerfetfliire. Huns. P- Jan. Dec,

In Norway they mix this plant with powdered glafs, and ftrew it
upon dead carcafes to poifon wolves.— It dyes woollens yellow.

1320. TREMEL'LA. Star-jelly.

Substance uniform; tranfparent; membranaceous; jelly-
like, leafy.

Ess. Char. Fructifications fcarcely perceptible in a
jelly-like fubjlance.

Obs. It differs from Lichen in having neither Tubercles nor
Saucers.

TREMEL'LA al'bida. Sitting, jelly-like, of ^hitijh
various fhapes, whitifh. Huds. 565.

L^af fometimes with a tinge of fea-grecn, and yellowilh, fome-
what wrinkled, folid, femi-tranfparent. Huns.n. 12.

On the half rotten, fallen, branches of trees, in thick woods.

A. Sept. — May.

TRE-

V

=24 C R Y P T O G A M I A.

Ihid ■ TREMEL’LA arfnaVa. Round, tiled, livid

Adheres clofely by its whole fubflance to rocks ; has the appear*
ance of the Agarics which grow on trees, but is nearly membrana-
ceous. LiNN./aec. «. 1 143.

Rocks and ftones on the fea ihore at low water. P, Jan Dec.

TREMEL'LA arho'rea. Sitting, roundifh, waved,
blackilh. Huns. 563. —

Bull. ^20.— Dill. 10. 15.— FI. dan. 885. 3.

When frefli nearly tranfparent, with a blackilh hue, which
increafes as it decays. It is very much wrinkled, the wrinkles when
in a ftate of perfection fringed with fine whitilh hairs. Mr.Woonw.

A membranaceous gelatinous fubftance, dull brown or reddilh
black, quite black when dry. Flat underneath ; above raifed irre-
gularly into veins, and fet rvith black tubercle-like dots. Dill.
54* Waved and plaited, thick, pulpy, jelly like after rains, never
membranaceous; deftitute of hairs. Hall. hift. 2038,

Vak. 1. fujca. Semi-tranfparent, brown.

Bull. 40G. B. refembles it, but our plant is a kfs red-brown.

The plant occupies an irregular circular form, from i to 2 inches
diameter. Subftance like a ftiff jelly of a dirty brown colour, di-
vided down to the root. Lobes waved, plaited, g-ioths of an inch
jDroad, about i-20th of an inch in thicknefs. When foaked in rvater
It giv« out freely to the water a colour like that of the deepeft Ma-
deira wine.

On the broken branch of a Hornbeam, on the pool dam. Ede-
bafton Park. ^

Wilde! Bm,r. ^ahjune, .792.

Trunks of trees. [Common on fallen wood and dead flicks, in
tvoods. Mr. W 0 0 Dw AR D.] A. Sept.— May,

garhck TR EM EL' LA Al'lU. Sitting, membranaceous,
labyrmth-hke, grey, white within. Dicks. 14.

Act. nov. Holm. 100. Dan. p. 286. /. i.

Becomes hard when dry. Dicks.

On rotten root§ of Allium Cepa ; A. JiJlulofum, &c.

cinereous

TREMEL'LA clne'rea. Relh. n
afli-coloureci, bent hack, the edge curled
and lobed. Batsch cont. i. igj.

. 1086. — Sitting,
between indented

* Batfch 26. 137.

When young circular or oblong, and more clofed; when fully
grown rnom expanded and irregular, when pad maturity irregu-
larly culluon-like with a pit in an imperfedl dilk, the edge with

fraall

A L G Tremella. " 2.25

ftnall lobes ; lobes {hort, broadi{h. Edge between the elevated lobes
between depvefled and indented, and therefore appearing curled.

Subjicoice homy or iexni-tranfparent, alh-coloure-d, whenrmoiftifh
the whole dark, but white when it begins to dry,- and when ,dri^
membranaceous dirty- white. Batsch-«; -

Rziza cinerea. Batfch.

Infide of decayed willows and Humps of trees. A. July, Aug.
TREMEL'LA diffor'mis, Roundifh ; indented, fea

of varioiis forms, jelly-like. — . -

Very nearly allied to T. verrucoja, but is foft and grows on Con-
fervas. Lifis.Jiiec.n. 1140. '

On Confervas andFuci growing on fubmarine rocks; ' ' ••

TREMEL'LA granula'ta. Jelly-like, fpherical, granulated
clnflered, green. Huns. 566.

f/. dan. 705. — Dill. 10. 17. — Gejn. ap.Card. a Schmid, ic.lign.

22. 195?

From a greenifh mucilaginous ground, of no determinate figure,
arife little heads, crowded together, green, at firft fitting, but when
older fupported on fhort pedicles. Thefe heads are globular, hollow,
filled with a watery fluid. When this fluid is wafted by the heat

of the fun, or loft by the burfting of the heads, the top of the globe

fubfides, and feems hollow, or as if cut off. Skin of the heads thin,

Ihining, when ripe changing to grey and then to whitlfh. Dill. 55.

Sides of ditches and in dried up ditches between Newington and
Hackney. Dill.— About Charlton, Kent. Huds. — Near the edges
of ponds and ditches on the road to Hifton, Cambridgefhire.

Relh. /«/)/>/. I. 26.71.1033. A. OcL — May.

TREMEL'LA hemlfpha'rlca. Hemifpherical ; hemifpheric;
fcattered, —

meg. oi/. 2. 3.

This ufually vegetates with a very finall, but hard fpherlcal excre*
fcence, and varies in fize from the minuteft point to that of a fmall
vetch. It fometimes covers the rocks to a confiderable extent. At
very low water in fpring tides, and upon thofe fubmarine rocks which
at that period only, are expofed to air, I have very frequently found
this plant (as I conceive it to be) in an inflated ftate, quite globular
and more than an inch in diameter. It is then of a moft beautiful
tranfparent green 'colour; it afterwards collapfes and dries Into a
hard finuated mift, not hemifpherical, but of the fame colour and
texture as the Tremella, and indeed the edges of it are oftentimes
rounded in a manner exadlly fimilar to the plant deferibed. Thefe

arc

226

CRYPTOGAMIA.

are found in fmall malfe of the Tremella, growing promifcuoufly
therewith. Major VELLfev.— Plentiful. Confifts of granules fixed
to the ftones without any order; globular, but flatted on the under
fide, fo that they may be confidered as hemifpherical ; from f to if
line in diameter; flippery, gelatinous but tough, fo as not to be
eafily broken by prefling between the fingers. Wieg. obs. p. 39.

On Confervas and Fuci growing upon fubmarine rocks.

, P. Jan. — Dec.

mefenteric TREMEL'LA mefenter’ica. Sitting, membrana-
ceous-jelly-like, rolled up, full of hollows, gold coloured.
Retz.^ jeand. n. 1419. — Twilled into manifold plaits.
Jacq. infyjl. veg. g6$.

Bull. 406, arid 499. 6. — Slerb. 26, the four figures in the right hand
lower corner.— Vain. 14. ^.—Schaef. i68. i. 2. s.—jfacq. Mije.
I. 13.

On the dead branches of trees. Gelatinous, tremulous, pellucid,
fmeared with a vifeid moifture ; white when young, changing to
yellow. Horny when dry ; growing in irregular patches. Jacq. —
Golden yellow, changing to tawny when old ; varioufly plaited
and wreathed. Schaeffer, iv. p. 108.

f. junipmna. Hudf. 562, according to Mr. Dickfon, p. 14. not

the T. junip. of Linn. Mr. Woodward.

On the Common Juniper, Ulex Europaus and Spartium fcoparium.

A. Sept. — May. Huds.
On rotten xvood. Autumn. Dicks.

common TREMEL'LA No/' toe. Plaited and waved.—

Bull. 174; and 184, fMr. Woodward.) — Dill. 10. 14. — Mich.

67- I- — El* dan. 885. I. — GarJ. 393. C.

Greenilh or yellowilh. Sub-gelatinous, confiding of feveral leaves
varioufly lobed and waved, flightly adhering to the ground by a
central root ; the fubftance very thin. It varies in colour, but is
ufually fome fhade of olive. Mr. Woodward.— Thin, Ikinnv
dark brown and brittle when dry. Dill.— Micheli deferibes the
feeds as lymg in the form of little firings of beads coiled up within
the folds of the plant, and only to be difeovered in the microfeope.
-It is fuppofed by the country people to be the remains of a meteor
or falling fiar. It has lately been alTerted that this is of animal
origin, but vvithout fuflicient reafon. After veiy fevere frofi I have
frequently found a gelatinous fubfiance, which from a carelefs
oblervation might pafs for a Tremella, but is the remains of frozen
frogs. Tins fubfiance does not fhrivel up in dry xveather as the
rren^ella does, nor is it plaited and waved ; and generally fome of

the

A L G Tremella. 227

the bones of the frogs may be found in it. After the fevere winter
of 1789, found great quantities of thefe on the edges, and in the
water of ponds.

Star-Jlmgh. — Meadows and paftures after rain, and gravel walks.

[Frequently on gravel. Mr. Woodward.] A. Jan. — Dec.

TREMEL'LA Sabi'na. Tooth-fliaped, tawoiy , like / 2vine

velvet. Dicks. 14.

Mich. 88. 5, cop. in Gkd. i . Clavariaf. 6.

Growing in clufters. Subftance when frelh, jelly-like, ftrap-
Ihaped, lopped, more than an inch long. Dicks. — An inch high,
orange-coloured, gelatinous, pulpy, in clufters, fimple, awl-fliaped,
but comprefted, rather pyramidal, or with 2 horns ; fometimes with
blunt teeth at the fides. When dried leathery but brittle, opake,
darker coloured, recovering its former appearance when foaked in
water. Seeds an orange-coloured duft vvhich it throws out as it
dries. Jacq. coll. ii. 174.

T. juniperina according to Web. 277, but it does not accord with
the defcription in the FI. lapp. Dicks.

On living branches of Savine. April. ,

TREMEL'LA utricula'ta. Sitting, tubercled, jelly- bladder
like. Tubercles hollow. Huds. 564.

DtU. 10. 16. — Mich. 67. 2.

Spreading widely over rocks and ftones under water, green,
ftiffifh, brittle, t to 2 inches thick, rather Ihining, fometimes fmooth.

Tubercles hollow within, from the fize of a pea to that of a hazle nut.

Huds. n. 6.— Dull green, varioufly folded in the central part, dilat-
ing when immerfed in water into various hollow bags. Dill. 54.

On ftones and rivulets about Pentir and Llanberris. Dill.

Mountainous rivulets in Weftmoreland and Cumberland. Near
Tidefwick, Derbyfhire. A Dec.

TREMEL'LA verruca' Ja. Tubercled, folid ; warty

wrinkled. —

(Dill. 10. 16, and Mich. 67. 2, are T. viriadata.)

Very tender, bright green. Huds. — Jelly-like, dull green,form'
ing a membrane compofed of 2 lamina, varioufly contorted. Tu-
bercles minute roundilh grains, united together. Gmelin. fuc. 227.

On ftones in clear brooks and fprings. P. Jan.— Dec.

TREMEL'LA viola' cea. Sitting, jelly-like, violet
wrinkled, violet-coloured, fmooth underneath. Kay in
fyn, 22. n. 4.

Mich.

228

T’urhey-fea

tiler

oyjer

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Mich. 66. 4. Dick/.

Very much refembling the tartar of red wine. Relh. n. SoQ.-^
Between leathery and gelatinous, varioufly wrinkled and contorted
flat and fmooth underneath. Colour dull violet. Ray. fyn. 22.-^
Stemlefs. Jelly-like but fomewhat leathery, wrinkled, facing up-
wards, grey, woolly or fpongy above, fmooth and violet-coIour«l
underneath. Helvella mefenterica. Dicks, p. 20.

Seems rather to belong to the Helvella's. R^lh. fuppl. i. 39.

Decayed branches of trees, A. Jan. Dec.

1322. U L'V A. Lav

er.

Ess. Char. Fru6lifications in a femi-tranfparent mem-
brane,— with no appearance of a leaf. Linn.

’ r ^ ^ Y. pavo'nia. Flat; kidney-lliaped ; fitting •

fcored crofs-wife. — ^

H.ox. XV. 8. row i. 7. — Ellis, cor. 33. c.

Edges of the leaf and of the bands fringed with very fine hairs.
Huds. n. I.— Seldom 4 inches high; whitifh dull green. Expand-
ing upwards like a fan. Kidney -fliaped. Surface barred with crofs
lines filled with corpufcles refembling feeds. Gmelin. fuc, 170.
Rocks and ftones in the fea,

UL VA LaSiu'ea. Han d-fhaped; proliferous; mem-
branaceous ; fegments narrower towards tlie bafe

Dill. 8. I, reprefenting it as it appears when viewed at fome dijlance in
the water.— Lob. obf 647. 1 , repr. in ic. ii. 247. , , Dod. 477. 2,
Ger. 1566. 2 ,• cop. in Park. 1293. g ; and imit. in J. B. iii.
001. Matth. 1136, imit, with additions in Matth. a. C. B. 7qc
—Ger. 1377.

Ws incorporated, pale, hand-lhaped, each fegment growing
mt again into hand-lhaped leaves ; fegments waved, inverfely egg-
Ihaped blunt, tranfparent. Linn. -A foot high or more; thin,
pellucid, fine green, upright or reclining. Dnt,. 42
Oyfter-green. Green Sloke. Scotland,

On rocks ftones, and fhells in the fea," and fait water ditches.

This IS efteemed by the inhabitants of the fea-coaft as a whole-
fome and pleafant food being gently opening and antifcorbutic.

It is frequently fent to London in earthen pots, and boiled up with
vinegar and fait is eaten as a pickle.

/S Huds. Lightf. 971. Tender, flippery.

Dill,

A L G M, Ulva.

22g

Dill. 8. 2.

Frejh-water Laver.

Ditches and pools in the meadows about Newington, near
London. Dill.
y Huns.

Ulvacrifpa. Lightf. which fee.

UL'VA umhUlca'lis. Flat; circular; fitting; target- navel
Ihaped ; leatliery.—

Dill. 8. 3. — Lob. ic. ii. 247. 2, cop. in J. B. iii. 813. 4.

Somewhat hollow. Border indented ; fixed only by a point in the
middle, to the fubftance on which it grows ; of a dark footy colour,
fhining. Uniform, membranaceous, pellucid, very tender, often
gelatinous. Leaf flat, varying much in breadth. Gm e l 1 N . 21 4. —

Circular, concave, fixed by the center as by a root, and firmly ad-
hering to the rocks. From 4 to 1 2 inches broad ; fmooth, fhining,
often torn or perforated by the agitation of the fea ; dull brown,
changing to dull purple when dry. Dill. 45.

On low fea beaches, as near Sheernefs. Dill. — On rocks and
ftones at low water. Huns. 567. P. Jan. — Dec.

UL'VA crtfpa. Tender, curled, growing on the crifped
ground. Lightf. 972.

Dill. 10. 12. — (FI. dan. 885. 2, is T.inteJlinalis.J

Expanded on, and flightly adhering to the earth, without any
apparent roots, very thin, of a fine green. Dill. 52.

UlvaLaSluca y. Hudf. 567. Relh. n. 1034.

On walls and on the ground at the foot of walls, hedges, and
houfes, in moift fhady fandy places. Jan. — Feb.

UL'VA laclnia'ta. Leaves flat, purple; the extre- lacimated
mities widening, jagged, and waved. Lightf. 974. .

Lightf. at p.i^'jj^.

Seeds minute, numerous, like grains of a red powder, lodged in
various parts of the fubftance. Greatly refcmbles the Fucus laci-
niatus, but the frudlifications arc different. Lightf. — Is it not a
variety of U. umbilicalis ? Uuds. 652.

Sea Ihore, on the coaft of Jura, , Aug.

I

UL'VA coccin'ea. Flat, nearly circular, meinbrana- fcarlet
ceous, indented, fcarlet. Huds. 567.

Leaf to 1 foot long, fomewhat waved, femi-tranfparent, fhining.

Seeds numerous, fmall, roundifh, blackifh purple. Huds, n. 4.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, near Plymouth and Falmouth,

P. Jan. — Dcr.

UJ, VA

230 c R Y P T O G A M I A.

Rtvenveed VL'V A confervoi'des. Thread-fliaped, jointed ; joints
alternately compreffed. Linn — Very much branched -
joints oval. Huns. ’

. Dill. 6. 39.

From 2 to 4 inches long, irregularly divided and fub-divided into
branches, yellowilh green. Branches knotted or jointed^ hollow.
Dill. 34.

Conferva tubulofa. Hudf. 600.

Stones, rocks, and Fuci. A. April Odl.

brown UL'VA latiffima. Oblong; flat, waved; membra-
naceous; green. Linn Somewhat fword-lhaped

brown. Huds. 567. ^ *

A very long and very broad membrane. LiNN./aec. n. 1156.
Mr. Woodward.— Lea/ 1 to 3 feet long, 2 to 8 inches wide, thin,
Ihining. Huds. 567* Broad, thin, green, plaited and waved at the
edge; 2 fpans long and one broad. Scop. n. 1432.— Of no regular
lhape, extremely thin. Mr. Woodward.

U.fufca. Hudf. 567. — Fucus Jaccharinus Lightf.

Rocks and ftones in the fea near Sheemefs, in the Ifle of Shepey.
[Yarmouth Haven. Mr. Woodward.] A. May 0(fl.

leek UL'V A lanceola'ta, Egg-fpear-fliaped, flat.—

Dili. 9. 5.

Leaves a palm in length or more ; very thin, fmooth, pale green.
Dill. 46.

On rocks near Llanfaethly in the Ifle of Man. Dill.

P. Jan.— Dec.

horned UL'VA cornu' ta. Stiffilli, horned, growing on the
ground. Lightf. 972.

Dill. 10. 13.

Three or 4 inches long, irregularly divided into horn-fliaped
branches ; furface various, furrowed and fcored, otherwife fmooth,
Dill. 52. — Is it not a variety of Jungermannia

finguis? Huds. 652.

On the ground in Enfield Chace, near Southgate. Dill.— On the
ground in a moift fandy foil near Leith. Mr. Yalden in FI. Scot.

March, April.

ribbon UL'VA Lin'za. Leaf oblong; bliftered.

FI. dan. S8g.—Dill. 9. 6.

Bright green, thin, the folded edge even, the open edges indented
and curled. Dill, in R. fyn. 62, w. 3 and mujc. 46.— Five or 6 inches
long, about an inch wide, doubled lengthways. Lightf. 973.

On

A L G iE. Ulva. 29 1

\J

/

On large ftoncs and rocks in the fea ; and in ditches near Sheemefs.

P. Jan. — Dec.

U L ' V A monta'na. Flat, fcarlet, growing on the mountain
ground, blood-coloured. Lightf. 973.

Leaves without vifible roots, many together fupporting each other,
about 2 or 3 inches high and as much in breadth, varioufly finuated,
leathery, but friable. Lightf. 973.

Among grafs and mofs on the fides of mountains. Aug.

\

UL'VA dichot'oma. Flat, forked, green. Huns. ef/. i. dichotomous
476. ed. ii. 568. Lightf. 975.

Ughtf. 34, at p. 975.

Leaf about 3 inches long, flat, greatly dilating upwards and
forking into branches. Branches an eighth or a tenth of an inch
broad ; cloven at the ends. Colour pale green, fubftance membra-
naceous, very thin, pellucid, in the microfcope reticulated. Seeds
fmall, brown, fcattcred through the fubftance of the leaf. Lightf.

Rocks and ftones on the fea fhore at low water. Ifle of Walney,

Devonfhire. Cornwall and Suflex. Bafons of water among the
fea rocks, about Leith and New Haven. P. Jan. — Dec.

UL'VA intejlina'lis. Tubular ; fimple, Linn. — gut
membranaceous, green. Huns. 568.

Dill. 9. 7. — Buxb. V. 23. 1.

Varv'ing greatly in lize ; fimple or branched, from the thicknefs
of a quill to that of a walking-ftick, and an ell or two in length;
hollow ; very unequal on the furface, yellowifti when young, chang-
ing to a fine green. Dill. 47.

Moftly in ditches near the fea, but fometimes in frefh water
ditches. A. March — Odl.

UL'VA compreffa. Tubular; branched; com-
prelfed. —

Dill. 9. 8; and 10. 8. — Pet. 9. 6, alloived by Dill, torejemble it,
but he cherts it to be a diferent plant, though it certainly corref ponds
with the plant when not branched, as Dillenius Idmfelf allows it
fometimes to be. '

Pretty folid, unequal, winding, with cells of unequal dimenfions
communicating one with another. Branches fcattcred, but little
branched. Linn. /ziec. n. 1155. — Tubular, fometimes branched,
compreffed, ftraight or bent, fmooth, even. Dill. 49.

Rocks, ftones in the fea, and in fait water ditches.

A. Jan. — Dec.

U 1/ V A

232 c R Y P T O G A M I A.

purpUJh U L ' V A -purpura] 'cens. Tubular, very much branched ;

nearly'ronnd. Branches oppofite, pointed. Huds. 569.

Sim 6 inches high, of the thicknefs of packthread, purplifh, femi-
tranfparent. Branches oppoiite, moftly pointing two ways, round,
pointed.'HuDs. n. II. '

Near Chrift Church, Hampfhire. Huds. A. March 0<5l.

pipe U L ' V A f Huh' fa. Jelly-like, tubular, uniform, fim-
ple. Huds. 509.

Root creeping. Leaves numerous, pipe-like, clofed at the end,
brownifh, 3 inches long, of the thicknefs of fliop packthread. Seeds
numerous, fmall, round, brown. Huds. w. 13.

Stones in the fea, and on Fucufes. A. May Sept.

diaphanous UL'VA diaph’ana. Jelly-like, pale, diaphanous, nearly
round, branched. Br^chesvery fhort, fbmewhat pointed.
Huds. 570.

Ger. em. 1570. 10, cop, in Park. 1304. 4. — Ellis com. ^2.f. d.

Leaf folid. Branches round. Seeds very numerous, minute,
brown, 4 to 16 inches long, from the thicknefs of a finger to that of
thewrift. Huds. n. 14.— Varies much in its figure; cylindrical or
comprefied, even or knotted, much or little branched, thicker than
a thumb or pinner than a little finger, from 4 to 12 inches high.
Even, pellucid, pale yellowifh white. Ray Syn. 49. n. 42.

F. gelatinojus. Hudf. ed. i. 570.

Sea-lhore, near Sheernefs.

ysllowljh V L ' V A Jlavef'cens. Jelly-like, nearly round, fome-

what branched, yellowifh. Branches very fhort, blunt.
Huds. 570.

Leaf folid, round and fometimes flatted and widening, the edge
fometimes indented, toothed, of a pale yellowifh hue. Seeds nume-
rous, fmall, round, brown, 3 to 4 inches long, about the thicknefs of
the little finger. Is it not a variety of [/. diaphana? Huds. n. 15.
Rocks and ftones in the fea. Ifles of Anglefea and Walney.

P. Jan. — Dec.

filiform U L ' V A fUfor'mis. Jelly-like, thread-fiiaped, very
much branched, purplifh. Branches fcattered, diftant,
very long. Huds. 570.

Lea/ 6 inches long, nearly of the thicknefs of fhop packthread.
PrancAej blunt. Huos.n. 16.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. Near Chrift-church, Hampfhire.

A. April — Sept.
UL'VA

233

K h O J£u, Ulva.

UL'VA capilla'ris. Jelly-like, thread -fhaped, very capillary
much branched, pale. Branches alternate, hair-like,
upright. Huds. 571.

Leaf 4 inches long, folid. Huds. n. 17.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, near Chrift-church, and elfewhere in
Hampfhire. Near Margate. A. May — 06t.

U L ' V A ru'bens. Jelly-like, thread-fhaped, very reddijh
much branched, n-eddilh. Bi-anches fcattered, horizontal,
blunt.- Huds. 571.

Leaf 4 inch^ long, nearly the thicknefs, of fhop packthread,
fhort. Huds'. n. 18.

Rocks and ftones in Portland ifland, and near Pool, Dorfetfhire.

A. May — Odt.

UL'VA ru'hra. Jelly-like, thread-fliaped, forked, red
red. Huds. 571.

Leaf inch long, blunt. Branches long. Huds. n. 19.

Stones in the fea, near Chrift-church, Hamplhire.

A. May — Sept.

UL'VA plumo'fa. Jelly-like, thread-fliaped, branched, feathered
Branches ftrap-fpear-fhaped, winged, fliining. Huds. 571.

Stem a finger’s length, flatted, of a brownifh reddifh hue. Branches
flatted, clofely winged, reddifh green, wings jelly-like, hair-like, .

very green. Hods. «. 20.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, near Exmouth, Devonlhire.

P. April — OcT:.

' UL'VA incrajfa'ta. Jelly-like, flat, indented-toothed, thick
green, the edge thicker. Huds. 572.

Dill. 10. 10. — Vaill. 10.3.

Gelatinous, fllppery, green ; grows in the water and on the edges
of fmall ditches. Crowded, irregularly divided, fwollen, but not
round, the fegraents being flattifh. Dill. 51.

fn the ditches of a field near Chichefter, Suflex, without the Eaft
gate. Dill. — Selfey ifland, Suflex, between Greenwich and Wool-
wich, near Doncafter, about Spalding and elfewhere in Lincolnfhirc.
Huds. — On the ftalks of Horfetail in a ditch on Sheep’s Green.
Relh. n. 1087. A. Mar.— 0(ft.

UL'VA prunifor'inis,
fucculent within. —

Nearly globular, folitary,

Vol. III.

Q

234

CRYPTOGAM! A.

. fVieg, obf. 2. 4.: — (Gum. ii. 2. 6 and 7 ; g. 4 and 5, Wiggers at n.

1031, qjfures us are F. loreus in its hifant ftate. The root of the jig.
of F. loreus in Dod. 479, is exaSily fimilar to Gunn. g. ^ and g.J

Of the fize and fhape of a plumb, fometimes rather flatted on one
or other pf the fides ; the rind of the thicknefsof the rind of a plumb;
within full of a vifcid pulp containing either in the middle or a
little on one fide fome grains juft vifible. Moftly loofe, but fome-
times adhering to jointed Conferva’s. Linn. fuec. n. 1159. — Of
the fize of a floe or bullace. Huns. 572.

Ditches and pools, and the alpine lakes of Weftmorl. A. May — Odl.

pea U L'V A pl'Jifor'mis. Globular, folitary, fpongy,
brownilh. Huds. 572.

Leaf from the fize of rape feed to that of a pea, fplierical, with
an interwoven net work, pulpy, brownilh green. Huns. n. 23.

Ditches between Greenwich and Woolwich. A. March — Aug.

7321. F U'C U S.

Barren Flowers P

Little Bladders fmooth, hollow; interfperfed within
with foft hairs interwoven together.

Fertile Flowers P

Little Bladders fmooth; full of a jelly-like pulp;
fprinkled with grains buried in the fubftance of the
bladders ; fomewhat prominent at the points.

Seeds folitary.

Ess. pHp. Barren Flowers. Little bladders with foft
hairs interwoven together.

Fertile Flowers. Little bladders fprinkled with grains
bfrjed in the leafy the points fomewhat prominent. Seeds

johtary.

Obs. See plate r. fig. G. All the fpecies may be ufed to manure
land, or burnt to make help, which is an impure foflil alkali.

Leaves diJlmSl.

gulf FU'CU S na'tans. Stem thread-ftaped, very muc
branched. Leaves fprar-fliaped, ferrated. Fruafficatiot
globular, on frmt-ftalks. —

Frratures not fufficient
expreffed.—Lob. obf. 653. 3, repr. in ic. ii. 236. 2, Ger. a

161

A L G jE. Fucus.

235

iSiS- 2, and a portion of a branch cop. in Bark. 1231, right hand
figure.

Fruclifications fometimes ending in an awn ; in fome plants very
fhort pods compofed of minute warts are found in the boibm of tlie
leaves. Linn. — Frubiifications like juniper berries, but always hollovy.

Leaves fitting, oblong-fpear-fhaped, varying in breadth, ferratures
alternate. Gmel. fuc. 93.

Sea Ihores. Ifie of Shcpey : Northumberland : and thrown on
the fiiore near Falmouth. P. Jan. — Dec.

FU'CUS ova'lis. Gmel. fuc.. 162. — Compreflfed, ovate
branched. Leaves oval, very entire. Huns. 573. — Stem
thread-lhaped, branched. Branches forked. leaves ob-
long, round, on leaf-ftalks. Lightf. 958.

Gmel. fuc. i8. 4.

Soft, but cartilaginous, pellucid, white, about 2 inches high.

Stems numerous, full 2 inches high, cylindrical, branched on every
fide. Branches like the items. Leaves fomewhat winged, leafits
alternate. FruSlifications terminating, fwelling with feed-bearin§
granules. G.melin fiic. 162.

F. ovatus. Hudf. ed. i. 468. — F. vermicularis. Lightf. 958.

Sea-rocks and (tones near Scarborough, Yorklhire, and Chrift •'

Church, Hampfhire. Huns. — In bafona of water pn the I'ea-rocks on
the little iiles of Jura. Lightf. A. May— Odl.

FU'CUS fangutn'eus. Leaves membranaceous; egg- dock-kavsd
oblong ; very . entire ; on leaf-ftalks. Stem round,
branched. Linn. — Leaves waved. Huds. 573.

Gmel. fuc. 24. 2. — FI. dan. 349. — Gif. i. 24. — H. ox. xv. 8,
row 1 . 6.

Refembling the leaves of the Rumex fangmneus, in fize as well as
form. R.fyn.^g. — Stem very Ihort, ending in oblong-fpear-fhaped
leaves, very entire, waved at the edge, rounded at the end, furnifhed
with a mid-rib which fends off lateral alternate veins; from 3
inches to a foot in length and from to 2 inches in breadth; pel*
lucid, pale red purple. Gmelin fuc. 185. — FruSlifications roundifh,
on fruit-ftalks, blackilh red, on the fides of the branches and ribs,
of the fize of rape feed. Hods. 71.3.

Rocks and fiones in the fea. Falmouth. P. Jan.— Dec.

FU'CUS ru'bens. Leaves membranaceous, oblong, red
waved, indented. Stalk round, branched. Linn. — Leaves
indented and toothed. Huds. 573,

Q2

FI. dan.

235 C R Y P T O G A M I A.

FL dan. 652. — Gniel. fuc. 24. 1, ftmilar to the lowermjl fgure
, in FI. dan.

Subfiance membranaceous ; half a foot over ; purple, dull green
with age, fometimes pale red. Stem very fhort, branched, foon
changing into leaf-ftalks. Leaf winged, leafits exadly egg-fhaped,
oppofite, an odd one at the end; waved at the edge; teeth few,
pointed, diflant. GMELiNfuc. 184.

Sea rocks and flones. P. Jan. — Dec.

fiinged FU'CUS fmhria'tus. Stem comprelTed, nearly fim-
ple. Leaves pointing from two oppofite lines, ftrap-
fhaped, fringed. Fru6lifications along the edge, oblong.
Huds. 574.

Gmel.fuc. 20. 2.

A foot high, or more ; membranaceous, diaphanous, fine red,
paler by places. Leaf winged. Leafits on very fhort leaf-ftalks,
lower ones the fhorteft, upper ones as much as 4 inches long; oblong-
fpear-fhaped, fometimes proliferous, alternate or oppofite, edges
fringed with wedge-fhaped fubftances. Gmelin fuc. 173. Who
obferves that it is a native of the Indian ocean, fo that fame doubt
remains from that and other circumftances whether the plant of Mr.
Hudfon be really this of Gmelin.

On the fea fhore in Portland Ifland, but rare. P. Jan. — Dec.

* * Leaf united, branching.

podded F U'C U S filiquo'fus. Leaf comprefled ; branched.
Leafits pointing two ways ; alternate; very entire. Fruc-
tifications on fruit-ftalks; oblong; fharp-pointed. —

Gmel, fuc. 2. B. FI. dan. to6. — Gifehe 75* — Dod. 480.' 2, repr.
in Ger. em. 1 569. 7, and a branch cop. in Park. 1 293. 6, c. of the
three figures that on the right hand.

Thread-fhaped, comprefied, zigzag, each fide toothed, with rudi-
ments of leaf-ftalks or frudlificatidns. FruBificalions fpindle fhaped,
beaked at the end, alternate, on fruit-ftalks. Leaves fpear-fhaped,
fmaller than the pods. Linn, — Pods very numerous, oblong-egg-
fhaped, fcored acrofs, filled with flime containing numerous gra-
nules. Siibjlance leatliery, 4 feet long, dark olive, black when dried.
Gmelin fuc. 81.

Sea rocks and Hones. Jan.— Dec.

'j

Cromer FU'CUS fubfuf'cus. Very much branched. Branches
thread-fhaped, fcattered. Leaves awl-fhaped, nearly
alteinate. FruiSlifications in panicles. Capfules with 8
feeds. Mr. Woodward.

Tranf.

A L G yE. Fucus.

237

Tran/. Linn. Soc. f. 12. a/ p. 134.

About 6 inches high, the fize of fmall twine. Branches numerous,
irregular, crowded upwards, nearlyas large as the ftem. Capfules in
the bofom of the leaves, on fliort fruit- ftalks, about the fize of a fmall
pin’shead; pale, femi-tranfparent. Mr. Woodward.

Cromer on the coaft of Norfolk. Mr. Wioo. A. Winter.

FU'CUS concatena'tusf Leaf thread-fhaped, very chain
much branched.- Little branches forked. Bladders
necklace-lhaped, diftant, in the fubftance of the leaf.

Leaves awl-lhaped. —

{Lob. obj. 652, repr. in ic. ii. 254. 2, and cop. in Park.

1290, is referred to by Mr. Hudfon, but belong to Gmelin
t. 2. A. 2, which is F. faniculaceus.J—(E. dan. 591, is'

F. granulatus.J

Thread-lhaped ; branches very numerous, oppofite or alternate,
often ending in forks. Bladders egg-fhaped, in the fubftance of the
ftem'and the branches, diftant, an awl-lhaped leaf at the fide of each.

Linn. — Six or 8 inches long, cartilaginous, tawny olive. Bladders .
oblong, placed at a little diftance, 3 or 4 one above another, each
with one or two little thorns. When in fruit, the ends of the
branches alfo fwell, and are covered with numerous wart-like fub-
ftances, each with a pundlure in the center and within full of feeds.

Lightf. 924.

Sea rocks and ftones, Suflex and Cornw'all. Huds. — About Leith
and New Haven. Mr. Yalden in f. fcot. 923. P. Jan. — Dec.

FU'CUS feta'ceus. Leaf thread-fhaped, very much fetaceous
branched. Branches alternate, two-rowed. Bladders
elliptical, in the fubftance of the leaf. Leaves briftle-
fliaped. Huds. 575.

Gmel.fuc. 18. 2 ?

Branches nearly upright, zigzag. Leajits alternate, upright, tiled
towards the ends of the branches. Veficles growing in the fubftance
of the ftem and branches, about the fize of a vetch. Huds. «. 8.

— Gmelin defcribes his plant thus. Subftance cartilaginous; 6
inches high, brownilh green. Stem flat, twifted at bottom, of an
inch over, fhort. BrowcAes numerous, alternate, divided and fub-
divided in various diredlions and ultimately ending in a fork.

Amongft the fmaller branches and on the ftem, are numerous teeth,
fimpleor forked, various in their fize, fo as to give a fringed appear-
ance to the plant. The fwelling of thefe teeth leads one to think
that they perform the office of frudiification. Gmelin fuc. 160. —

Q 3 From

235

CRYPTOGAMIA,

From this defcription I think it is evident that Mr. Hudfon’s mufl;
be a different plant.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, but rather fcarce. P. Jan. — Dec.

fenneUleaved F U ' C U S fantcula'ceus. Leaf thread-fliaped ; very
much branched : bladders egg-lhaped ; terminated with
leafits divided into many blunt fegments bearing fruit at
the ehds ? —

Gmel. flic. 2. A. 2.— FI. dan. 709. — Lob. obj. 652, repr. in ic. ii.
254. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1573. 7, and cop. in Park. 1290. 6, and
J. B. iii. 798. I, and Ger. 1380. 6. — Gejn. ap. Cord, a Schmid,
ic. lign. 1 . 2.

About the length of Lichen Ufnea. Little branches very numerous;
hair-like ; ending in a bladder, often proliferous ; the laft of which
terminates in feveral little leaves with tubercles at the ends. Linn.
— Rather woody, 4 to 6 inches high; growing in a compaifl
bundle; livid, yellowilh; black when dried. Branches Humeious,
divided and fub-divided, their extremities forked. Lower branches
always rounded, upper ones fometimes flatted, and ending in long
pods with a fork at the extremity- Gmel in fuc. 86.

Rocks and ftones in the fea on the coaft of Devonftiire.

' P. Jan.— -Dec.

Jointed F U ' C U S ahrotanifo'lius. Leaf thread-fliaped ; com-
prelTed; doubly winged ; the ends bladder-like ; dilated;

terminated with fru6lifications tubercled on one fide.

Gmel. 17. I.

Varying in colour, red or yellowifh, or greenifh. Stem cylin-
drical ; often 2 feet high, gelatinous, doubly winged, leafits cut into
many winged clefts, the fegments thickifti, ftrap-fhaped, blunt,

[ often with frucftifications at tlie end. Gmelin fuc. 157. — Such is
the defcription given by Gmelin of his plant, which is a native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Botanifts who vifit the Southern coafls of
this ifland will do well to determine whether Mr. Hudfon’s plant be
not a different fpecies. Linnaeus fays that his F. abrotanifolius is a
native of the Britifh feas. Sp. pi. 1629.

Sea rocks and ftones, Suflex and Hampfhire. P. Jan.— Dec.

fbrous F U'C U S fbro'fus. Leaf thread-fiiaped, very much
branched. Bladders roundilh, growing in the fubftance
of the leaf. Leafits thread-fliaped and ftrap-fhaped.
Huds. 575,

H. Ox, XV. 8. row the lajl, 1 7.

Four to 6 inches high. Stems thick, round. Branches numerous,
m no regular order, divided and fub-divided into capillary fibres ;

extremities

239

A L G iE. Fucus.

extremities cylindrical or compreffed, frequently bearing veficles.

Ray fyn. 49. . i

Seafliore. Yorkfhire, Lancalhire, and Hampftiire. P. Jan.— Dec.

F U'C U S tamarlfcifo'lius. Branches alternate. Blad- tamarljk.
ders roundifh, growing in the leaf. Leaves in pairs, with
tubercles at the bafe. Huds. 576.

Gmelfuc. 1 1. 2.—B. UJt. iii. 799.

Five or 6 Inches high, or more, rifing from a thick leathery bafe,
roundifh in form, apparently deftitute of fibres and flat on the
under furface, which by means of a gluten peculiar to fea plants
attaches itfelf ftrongly to the fubmarine rocks, and is rarely to be
feparated from them, as the plant generally breaks afunder above
the root, when pulled. This Root, or bafe, covers an area of an
inch or more in diameter. Stem at bottom refembles in miniature
the trunk of an oak cl:^nnelled through age, and at an inch or lefs
from the bafe is generally furrounded with fcaly tubercles, from
whence the primary branches take their origin. Thofe on the lower
ftem are frequently ftrap-fhaped and tranfparent, 4 times the length
of the upper leaves. At the bafe of many of the fhort awl-fhaped
leaves, on their outer fide, is a cavity which in its recent ftate
refembles the faucers of thofe Lichens that have contradled difks,
and thin, fmooth, prominent borders. When under water in the
cavities of the rocks, this plant reflecSs from its extrerne branches
lively caerulean tints, which frequently affift in the difeovery of it.

When frefh from the fea it is of a brownilh olive colour, but inoft of
the upper branches are tinged with a lighter muddy green, which in
its dried flate turns to a dull colour, when the remainder of the
plant approaches to a black. Major Velley .

Fucus erica marina. Gmelin, p. 128; not Fucus abies marina.

Gmelin, p. 83, as In FI. angl.

Sea rocks and ftones near Marketjeu, and elfewhere in Cornwall,

Devonlhire, and Yorkfhire. J^n. Dec.

FU'CUS felaginoi'des. Leaf thread-fliaped, very much cup-leafed
branched. Branches forked. Leaves awl-flraped, alter-
nate, with bladders at the bafe. —

Gmel. fuc. 2. A. 1. — Park. 1290, too thick and tree-like. (Not
BaiJi. hifl. iii. 798.7

Stem thread-fhaped, zigzag, very much branched. Branches tiled.

Leaves awl-fhaped, very fhort, egg-fhaped, and hollow at the b^e.

Linn. — The branches produce little foot-flalks, each of which fup-
ports an oblong veflel; out of this vefTel another foot-flalk rifes,
bearing another vefTel, fo that the branches are cornpofed of a feries
of ihefe veffels one fpringlng out of another. Gmelin fuc. 84.

240

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Mr. Hudfon quotes this as a fynonym to his F. tamarifcifoliusj but
they aTe evidently diftindl plants, the latter not having the bladder-
like hollows at the bafe of the leaves which arc fo charadleriftic
in this.

In the Norw'egian Seas. Linn.— Am not certain that it has yet
been found on the Britilh coaft.

articulated F U ' C U S articula'tus. Leaf jointed, very much
branched. Joints egg-cylindrical, tubular. Branches
oppofite and in whorls. Lightf. 959. — Tubular,jointed,
very much branched. Branches oppofite, forked. Huns,
ed. i. 476. ed. ii. 569.

a. Huds. — H. ox. XV. 8. row 2. 14. — Buxb. v. 22 ?

One to 3 inches high, pale red purple. Seeds in the terminating
joints and in others growing in whorls at the ends of the branches.

LlGHTfOOT.

Ulva articulata. Huns.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, about low water mark, Cornwall,
Devonfhire, Dorfetlhire, Suflex. Huds. — ^Jura Cranfay Skye, &c.
Lightf.

A. March — Nov. Huds. — Auguft. Lightf.
& repens. Lightf. — Leaves forming a tuft, creeping, branched,
jointed. Jointsoblong, flat. Lightf. g6i.

Dill. 10., g. — Dod. 47b* 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1574. 10, growing on
a large Fucus

Stems narrow, matted together, fet with narrow ftraps. Shoots
numerous, crowded, j an inch high, broadeft upwards, varioufly and
irregularly divided into fegments, andfometimes appearing jointed,
flat, (not hollow,) tender, dull purple bebw, dirty green above.
Dill. 51 . — Seeds in the fubftance of fome of the extreme joints, like
grains of fine purple powder. Lightf.

Ulva articulata |3 Hud?.

Sea rocks walhed by the waves, in Preftholm Ifland, Dill.— and
near Muflelburgh. Lightf. Auguft.

whorled F U ' C U S wrticilla'tus. Stems obfcurely jointed.
Branches in whorls, awl-fhaped, briftle-ftrap-lhaped,
LtGHTF, 962,

Lightf. 2,1. at p. g62.

Pale or whitifh green, membranaceous. Stems about 5 inches
high. ateut the fize of a fmall goofe quill, fo obfcurely jointed as to
be alrhoft cylindrical. Branches 3 to 5 in a whorl, an inch or more '
long, gradually fhorter towards the end of the ftem, befet with

briftle-

241

A L G iE. Fucus.

briflle-ftiaped leaves alternate or without order^ FruSIlJicatiotis jred,
vilible with a mkrofcope at the ends of the branches. Lightf.tz. 41.

On the rocks of the little ifles of Jura, Lighte. July.

* ♦ * Leaf Stem forming a mid-rib through its whole length.

F U ' C U S ferra'tus. Leaf flat, forked, with a rib, ferrated
ferrated-toothed. Fr unifications at the ends of the

branches, tubercled. —

H. ox. XV. 9. 1. — Bajl. il. II. 3,

The rib formed by a longitudinal nerve. Linn. — Two feet high
or more, but it varies much in fize. Subftance hard, leathery.

Colour green to yellowifh, or olive, blackilh when dried, but ftill
in fome meafure pellucid. Stem flat, pervading the whole length
of the leaves, which are oblong, flat, edges fet with teeth of various
fizes. It has no air veficles, but little pencils are often found on
both furfeces, and Taiercler bearing feeds, filled with woolly mat-
ter, in the fubftance of the leaf, either fcattered, or more colledled
at the extremities. Gmelin fuc. 57.

Sea rocks and ftones. P. Jan. Dec.

g Huds. 576.— a foot long, at leaft an inch broad. Edge un-
equal, lels remarkably ferrated. Doody inR.fyn.^2.

F U ' C U S vefieulofus. Leaf flat, forked, with a rib, oak-leaved
very entire, with bladders at the divifions of the leaf, in
pairs ; thofe at the ends of the branches tubercled. —

Baft. ii. 1 1. 2.—Gefn. ap. Cord, a Schmid, ic. lign. i. 6. — Cluf. i.

21, repr. in Lob. ic. ii. 225. i, Ger. em. 1567. 4; and cop. in
Park. 1293. ’ ond alfo in Ger. 1378. 3.

The bladders at the divifions of the leaf in pairs, the others foli-
tary. — Turns red in decay. The bladders in the fubftance of the
leaf contain the frucftifications. Linn. fmc. n. 1145* ^Both this and
the F. ferratus when fully grown, are forced continually by the flux
of the tides againft the rocks, and by the conftant collifion lofe the
membranaceous part of their lower leaves, while the main ftems,
which are exceedingly tough, acquire a fmooth roundilh form, and
the forked ribs which pervade the upper leaves wear away to (harp
thorny points. In this ftate both thef? plants have a Ihrub-like
appearance, whilft the fhort leaves and inflated veflels at the fum-
mitof the branches are frequently entire. If the F. vefieulofus re-
ceives an injury or fraAure, in any part of the leaf, provided it be
in a healthy vegetating ftate, it cojift^ntly throws out abundance of
. young leaves from the injured part. Jf even a frna 11 aperture be
made in the middle of it, a new leaf pn either fide will be found to
fhoot out. I have rarely di [covered this proliferous tendency in the
f.Jerratus. Major Velley, Sea

242 • C R Y P T O G A M I A.

Sea rocks and ftoncs.

B Leaf flat; forked; very entire. Branches ftraddling ; with blad^
ders at the divifion of the leaf in pairs. Linn.

H. ox. XV. 8. row the laji, lo.

y Huds. 577. H. ox. XV. 8. row thelaj}, 5. and i. 1,4. A. B.

F. divaricatus. Hudf. ed. i. 466.

Shore about Leith and New Haven. Mr. Ya ld e n in fl.fcot.. July, Aug.

fptral CUS fpira'Us, Leaf flat; forked; very entire*

-r’ and channelled towards the bafel

rructincations m pairs; tubercled.

Fl.dan.2Z&.—Baft.n II u—Dod. 479. r, repr. in Ger.em.
1567* the right hand fide.— Gefn. ap. Cord. Schmid, ic. lign.

Twifted fpirall^y whilft growing ; membranaceous, flat, narrower
below, channelled. FruSlifications terminating, oblong, thickifli in

pairs, on fmit-ftalks. Linn.— A foot or more in length. Ray
lyn. 41. 4,

Stonesand rocksin the fea, Kent, SufTex, andEfTex. P. Jan.— Dec.

twijied JV'CVS MiUs. Leafflat,fpM, perforated. mved

at the edge and toothed. —

Pan*. 1303. — Bocc. ic. 38. 2.

♦u twifted like a ferew, 2 or 3 inches long,

he ends finely cut or fringed, Ample or branched, blackifti brown
Boccone. 6g.

Rocks and ftones in the Firth of Chefter. R.fyn. P. Jan.— Dec.

wiry-falked FU'CUS dlf'tkhus. Leaf flat, forked, very entire

Fru6lifications tubercled, fliarp-pointed ^ ’

Gmelfuc. i. A.i.—Fl. dan. ^51, is died by Unn. but LHtf.
feems to have good reafonfor dodling, as the mid-rib is not exprelfed
It has the appearmce of being convex on the upper fide as in F. cana-

ltc‘datus.—fDod.^yg.2,isF.loreus.J

to hhT’' ® olive green, changing

to black when dry. Root circular, more than - inch diameter

foTd branched. Branches uniform,’

ends ^ruSHf cations on the

m d Se nod I t "T ' all channdled,

xLt ^W*l long and tapering to a point

Kcen ,0 -With a mid-rib. The texture herbacLs. Linn. ^
t. linearis. Hudf. 578.

Sea rocks and ftones.

P. Jan. — Dec.
FU'CUS

A L G Fucus.

243

FU'CUS ala’tus. Leaves membranaceous ; fomewhat winged
forked; ribbed; fegments alternate, running down;
cloven. Linn. — Leaves very entire, coloured. Huds. ed»
i. 473. ed. ii. 578.

FI. dan. ^s^.—Gmel.ficc. 25. i ; 2, in itsyoungerjlate; 3, a variety
with broader leaves.

leaves branched, purple, diaphanous, ftrap-thaped, ends fome-
what toothed, mid-rib rather thick. Linn. — ^Three inches long or
more, membranaceous, thin. — Stem flatted, i line broad, very much
branched. Branches alternate, edged with the thin leafy fubftanoe,

Gmehn £uc. 187.— When the leafy membranaceous fubftance
which edges the rib of the branches decays or rubs off, the plant
aflumes a very different appearance, Teeming then to be compofed
of thread-fhaped branches.

Sea rocks and ftones. P. May Ocil.

FV'CUS efculen'tus. Leaf fimple, undivided, fword- eatable
fhaped. Stem 4-cornered, winged, running through
the whole length of the leaf. Linn. — Bordered.

Huds. 578.

FI. dan. Light/. 28, at p.g^Z.—Gmel. 29. i, wants the wings
at the top of the Jlem.

Stem thick, broad, 4-rided, winged at the bafe with fiat fword-
fhaped leafits ; leaf very large, penetrated through its whole length
by the flem which is vilible on both its furfaces. In thefe circum-
ftances it differ i from the F. faccharinus. Linn. — Sometimes from 5
to I o yards long, or more, olive coloured. Stem folid, round, up-
right, pervading the whole length of the leaf. Leaf extremely long,
rounded at the bafe, narrower towards the end, diaphanous, won-
derfully plaited and curled. Gmelin fuc. 200. — In Hudfons
Synonym for FI. dan. read Gmelin.

Sea rocks and ftones ; common, Cumberland and Scotland.

P. Jan. — Dec.

* * * * Leaf fat, withotU a mid-nb.

FU'CUS facchari'nus. Leaf moftly fimple ; fword- fweet
fhaped; leaf-llalk cylindrical ; very fhort. Linn. — Leaf
flat, riblefs, fimple. Huds. 578.

Gunn. ii. 7. 2. — FI. dan. 416. — Gmel. fuc. 27 and 28.— -Ger. em.

1570. g. I, cop. in Park. 1292. 5. i.

Oval or oblong, leathery, often 4 feet long and 2 broad, waved,
narrow at the bafe, adhering to ftones as if by means of fingers.
LiNN./aec. n. 1151. — Stem from 2 to 1 2 inches high. Leaf fingle,
tapering at each end, flat, fometimes 2 yards long, wrinkled, wind-

inS*

244

CRYPTOGAMIA.

ing, the wrinkles containing a jelly-like mucus in which the frudi'
ferous granules are lodged. Gmelin fuc. 195.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. P. Jan. Dec.

Walhed in fpring water and then hung up in a warm place, a
fubftance like fugar exfudes from it. Some people eat it frefh out
of the fea. Smaller leaves and clufters eaten by the poor as F. pal-
Tnalus. Rutty.

0 Hods.— Leaves very long, very broad, and thick. 39.

n. I. par. 2.

On ftones near Sheernefs.

y Huds.— Leaves very long, very broad, curled at the edge. R.
fyn. ib. par. 3.

^ Huds. — F. phylUtidis folio. Llwd in R.Jyn. 40. par. 2.

Mor-dowys. Welfh.

Anglefea, where the people eat the fmall leaves and clufters.

fingered FU C.US digita'tus. Leaf hand-fliaped / leafits fword-
fhaped; leaf-ftalk cylindrical. Linn. — Leaf flat, riblcfs;
fegments fword-fhaped. Huds. 579.

FI. dan. ^gz.—Gmn. i. ^.—Ger. em. 1570. g. 2, cop. in Park.

1292. 5. 2.—(Gmel.fuc. 30, is F. polychides.J

Stem as thick as a walking-ftick. Linn.— cylindrical, com-
prefted, i to 2 yards high. Gunner. Nor. i. Leaves red, or
white, near a foot long, an inch or more in breadth, fometimes
cloven, many together, fixed by a very fhort and flender leaf-ftalk
to the top of the ftem. Ray fyn. 47.

Sea-girdle and hangers.

Stones and rocks in the fea^ ja^.

Boiled tender and eaten with butter, pepper, and vineaar, is faid
by Gerrard to be a good food.

furbelowed F U ' C U S polyfchi'des. Leaf hand-fliaped. Leafits
fword-fliaped. Root tuberous, hollow. Stalk flat
plaited at the edge. Ligijtf. 936. — Leaf riblefs,’
Huds. 579,

Gmel.fnc. 30.

Root large. Stem flat, fpirally twifted, more than a foot high, its
top expanding into a roundilh leaf which is divided into feveral
very long fegments, broad at the bafe, tapering to a point fome-
times forked, without a mid-rib. The fuLftance of the plant is car-
tilaginous ; it is fometimes 15 feet in extent; its colour greenifh,
changing to olive or to yellovvilh. Gmehn fuc. 20-^.

F. bulbofus. Hudf. 579.

Rocks

245

A L G iE. Fucus.

Rocks and ftones in the fea; on the coaft of Cornwall, frequent.

P. Jan. — Dec,

■: '•t

FU'CUS palma'tus. Leaf hand-fliaped ; flat. Linn, handed
— Riblefs, fitting. Huds. 579.

Lightf. 27, dtp. 933. — Gmel.fuc. 26. — H. ox. xv. 8. i.

Stem cylindrical, very Ihort. Leaf very fmooth, waved at the
edge, often proliferous, varioudy cut into fegments towards the top
like an expanded hand ; membranaceous, thin, pellucid, green or
reddilh, near a foot broad. Gmelin fuc. i8g.

Didkjh,ln{h. Dills, Scotch, Mi; D«l/e,- in Northumberland.

Ray.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. Jan. Dec.

After being foaked in frefti water, it is eaten either boiled, or
dried, and in the latter ftate has fomethingof a violet flavour. It
is foldin the ftreets of Dublin, being dried, and is faid to fweeten
the breath and kill worms. The poor in the North of Ireland eat it
boiled. Rutty.

F U ' C U S lacinia'tus. Leaves flat, membranaceous, jagged
riblefs, branched. Branches widening, hand-flraped.

Huds. 579. — Edges toothed and curled. Lightf. 947.

Gmel.fuc. 21. i.—Fl, dan. 353.— (TGiKe/. fuc. 22. 2, isfuppofed by
Gmel. and after him by Gunn, and Retz. to be the plant, and he fays
that Pallas informed him that he had found Won the Sujjex coajl, near
Bognor Rocks.)

Edges entire, and fometimes between toothed and curled. Huds.

— ^The edges fringed when in a ftate of fructification. Lightf. — ^
Membranaceous, firm, pellucid, of a fine red colour. Leaf without
a mid-rid, branched, branches moftly forked. Three to 4 inches
lone, 4 or 5 broad, but a Angle diviflon about i inch broad. Sides
ancTends of the branches fringed and toothed. Secondary leaves
only about a line in breadth. Gmelin fuc. 176.— The F. laciniatus
and ciliatus are involved in fome confufion, and for want of good
fpecimens I dare not attempt to extricate them. Perhaps there is
no real fpecific difference between them. I rcqueft the attention of
botanifts on our Eaftern coaft to determine this, and alfo the pro-
priety of the references, fome of which I believe to be wrong, not-
withftanding they are fupported by very refpecftable authorities.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. A. April — Ocft.

FU'CUS endiviaefo'lius. Leaf membranaceous, jagged ; endtve-leav'
fegments dilated, waved ; edges curled, with wart-like
dots, Lightf. 948. Huds. 652.

246

CRYPTOGAM I A.

, Ligh^.S2.f.g.at.p.g^8.

Two or 3 inches in length and breadth ; pale red, thin, membra-
naceous, without rib or nerve. Branchings irregular, fegments
broadeft towards the ends, waved, curled and fringed. Fnicfifcations
fmall, red, elevated, wart-like dots; at tlie bafe of the fringe.
Lightfoot. *

Frith of Forth, and coaft of Jona. Aug.

ciliated F U ' C U S cUiaUus. Leaves flat, branched, fringed,
Huds. ed. i, 4y2. — ^membranaceous, fpear-fhaped, proli-
ferous, Linn. mant. ^'^6, fyjl.veg. 970. — rib-lels, pointed.
Huds. ed. ii, 580.

Gml.fuc. 21. 2 and 3, are refen-ed to by Light/, and after him by
Mr. Hudjon, bra 2 is ferrated and 3 is ferrated-toothed.—Tourn.
335* — (Gmel.fuc. 20. 2,isF fmbriatus.J
Flat, membranaceous, fimple, 3 inches long, a line broad, narrow
at each end, proliferous, fine red, without a mid-rib. Fringe of
fecondary leaves very long, from i to inch, fome of the fringe
fhorter intermixed with the longer fibres, fimple or forked. Gmelin
p. 178. Fucus llgulatus. t. 21. f. 3. A native of the Mediterra-
nean Sea. It docs not feem to agree with our plants, though referred
to as mentioned above. — Gmelin gives the following defeription of
his fig. t. 21. 2. Membranaceous, firm, diaphanous, pale, without
a mid-rib, branched, 6 inches over, branches alternate, fomewhat
winged. Primary leaf i inch broad, fecondary, 2 lines; edges
fringed with diftant, upright briftles differing in fize, fimple or
forked. Both furfaces have fome of thefe briftles which are ftiffer
and fometimes hooked. Gmelin. fuc. 177. F. holofetaceus. — The
fringe from a line to an inch long. FriiSHficalions at the end of the
fringe, round, of the fize of poppy feeds. Huds. n. 25.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. A.’ AprII-Nov.

poUferous FU'CUS pro' lifer. Leaves fomewhat membrana-
ceous, chain-like-proliferous, cloven at the end, Lightf,
949.— flat, rib-lefs. Huds. ed. i. 472. ed. ii. 580.

Light/ at p. g^g.—Fl. dan. yo8.—Buxb. 60. 2.-7. B. iii.

795- 2.

Membranaceous, red, without a mid-rib, 4 or 5 inches long, a
fingle leaf about f of an Inch broad. Proliferous from the furface,
not from the edge, fhoots forked. Fruaif cations red fpherical warts
fcattered on the lurface of the leaves, fmaller than a pin's head.
Lightf. — F. crifpus. Huds. not of Linn.

Weliern coaft. p, j3„._i3ec.

FU'CUS

A L G Fucus.

247

F U'C U S crifpa'tus. Leaves membranaceous, nearly crtfped
ftrap-fliaped, very much branched, curled, coloured.

Linn ? — Flat, rib-lefs, branched, edges curled and jagged.

Huds. 580.

Gmel.fuc. 21.4, is referred to by Mr. Hiidjon mth a mark of doubt.

— FI. dan. 826; and Buxb. ili. 67.3; reprefenting moft cer-
tairdy a different fpedes from that of Gmel. are cited- by Midler and
Murray.

Leaf a palm long, very tender, rofy red, fomewhat ;vaved, blunt,
the fegments bearing fruit. FruSlifcations roundifh, fmall, blackifh
reddilh hue. Huns. n. 27. — Very tender. Blood red. Lujn. —
Membranaceous, fomewhat tranfparent, eafily torn, a foot high,
dirty yellow. Leaf narrow ; feveral from i root, ftraight, 2 lines
broad, without a mid-rib, very fmooth, edge cut, waved and curled,
minute leafits ilTuing from every point, fet alfo with briftles not
more than 2 lines long, fimple or divided, thread-lhaped, folitary or
in pairs. Branches, or larger lateral leav^, numerous, irregular,
fringed like the others. Gmelin fuc. 179. — This defcription cer-
tainly correfponds well with Hudfon’s charadler, and we can hardly
allow that colour alone Ihould make them be confidered as different.

[/Iva ramofa. Hudf. ed. i. 476.

Rocks and flones in the fea, Cornwall, Devonfhire, andHampfhire.

A. May — :06l.

FU'CUS btf'idus. Leaves membranaceous, flat, rib- bifid
lefs, widening, cloven. Huds. 581.

/^oof branched, flatted, creeping. Leaf i to if inch long, mem-
branaceous, once and fometimes twice cloven, wedge-fhaped or
widening towards the end, purple, femi-tranfparent. Huds. n. 28.

Stones and rocks in the fea, Hampftiirc. A. May — Oc5t.

FU'CUS pinnatif'idus. Leaves griftly, flat, riblefs, -{gjing-cleft
branched. Branches toothed, with winged clefts. Teeth
callous, Huds. 581.— -blunt. Lightf. 953.

Gmel.fuc. 16. 3; and 2. — Buxb. iii. 65. 3. — (FI. dan. 354, is F.
dentatus. — jf. B. iii. 797. 3, is more like F. dentatus.J

Stem olive gtecn, the reft of the plant yellowifh. Subfta'nce car-
tilaginous, pellucid. Stems roundifh, many together, fpringing
from a roundifh bafe or fixed to the ftones. Leaves winged, leafits
oppofite or alternate, blunt. One leaf rifes up much taller than
the others. Gmelin fuc. 155.

Rocks and ftones in the lea. A. April — Oft.

FU'CUS

248 C R Y P T O G A M I A.

mvlli/lil F U ' C U S multif'ldat. Leaves griftly, flat, riblefs,
branched. Branches alternate, pointing from 2 oppo-
hte lines, generally with doubly winged clefts, blunt.
Huds. 581.

H. ox. XV. 8. row i. 2.

^ Leaf 3 to 6 inches long, ftrap-fhaped, below narrower and thicker,

brownilh red, towards the end paler and yellowlfh ; fegments blunt!
Huds. n. 30.

Rocks and ftones in the fea in Devonlhlre and Hampfhire.

P? April—Od.

dented FU'CUS denta'tus. Leaves membranaceous, riblefs,
alternately winged, indentures blunt, fegments gnawed
at the end. —

FI. dan. ^^^.-—Gmel. 9. — H. ox. xv. 8. row 2. 5. — Fiixh. iii. 65.
4* J' iii* 797* 3* — (GmeLfuc. 10. i, is a different fpecies.

FI. dan. 352, injyjl. veg. ed, xiii. and xiv. is probably a mif-
printfor 354.;

Red; diaphanous; hollows of the clefts rounded. Segments
toothed at the end. Linn.— A very elegant plant. Stem often a
foot high or more, fcarcely a line in breadth, ftrap-lhaped, flat,
forked. ^ Subftance leathery, not elaftic, dark brick colour, opake,
thickeft in the middle. Branches narrower towards the end, lying
down, but the wings upright, alternate, upper ones moft numerous
and moft divided, foraetimes proliferous. Fruaifcations on the
ends of the fegments which are divided into an infinity of little
teeth, fupporting numerous globules which are opake, black, deci-
duous. Gmelu^ fuc. 124. ’

Rocks and ftones in the fea, Devonlhire and Yprkfhire.

A. May — Odl.

Ugulated F U ' C US Ijgula'tus, Leaf membranaceous, ftrap-
lhaped, doubly winged. Wings fword-fliaped, fringed.
Lightf. 946.

Light/. 2g, at p. 946.

Leaf 1 1 to.2 feet long, about 2 lines broad, egg-lhaped, herbaceous ;
ferratuies fometimes briftle-lhaped. Huds. n. 32.

F. herbaceus. Hudf. 582.

Frithof Forth, about New Haven and other places. Lightf.—
Rocks and ftones in the fea. Thrown on the fhore near Haftings,
buffex, and in Northumberland. Huds. -[Yarmouth Ihore. Mr.
Woodward.]

» ,!

FU'CUS

A L G Facus. 249

FU'CUS ceranoi'des. Leaf flat; forked; very entire; huck'S'-hpm
dotted ; fpear-fhaped ; fru6lifi,cations tubercled ; cloven ;
at the ends of the branches.—

Gmel.fuc. 7. i. 2 and ox. xv. 8. rm 1. 13.— TBaj?. ii. n.

I, is a different fpecies.—H. ox. xv. 8. rovu 2. Ji,isF. candi-
calatus 0.J

Nearly allied to F. infatus, but narrower and more branched, and
fprinkled on both furfaces with hollow dots. Linn.— Subjeft to vary
much in its figure, fo that it is neceffary firft to point out the cir*
cumftanccs to be found in all the varieties, and then to mention the
diflFerences which are lefs conftant and do not concern the fpecific
character. Subjiance cartilaginous, limber, often membranaceous,
more or lefs pellucid. Stem fiat, entire, rib-Iefs. Branches like the
ftem, always forked, equal topped, like a broad topped fpike. Fruc-
tijicatians, or fomething like them, minute, black, roundifh ^obules,
fitting upon as if glued to the edges of the full grown leaf, and fome*
times funk into its fubftance. When full grown it is 4 inches high,
but often much fmaller. The young plants differ fo much from
thofe ofa year old as eafily to betaken for a different fpecies.' It
vario in colour from fiefh'Coloured, or yellow, to grcenifh or pur*
plifh. Leaves from a line to an inch in breadth, and varying in
every pofiible degree of divifion. Segments either horned and point*
cd, or broad, curled and fringed, or warty, or ftdlated. Sometimes
the edges are jagged, or entirely fringed, and fbmetimes thefe
different appearances exift on the fame plant. And laftly the whole
plant is fometimes twilled fpirally. GmSuN fuc. 116.

Rocks and Hones on rocky Ihores, at low water mark between

Sheernefe and Munftcr. Nov.

B Huds. 582.— When dry dirty green. Little branches com-
preffed. R.Jyn. 44. n. 17.— Edges as well as the ends of the branches

jagged. Linn. c> rr

At Brakellham, Cockbulh, and other places on the ouffex coalt.

^ Huds. 582.— Whitllh. The ends ftai-Uke. R.Jyn. 44. n. 18.

In the fame places with

y Hu DS. 583.— The ends membranaceous, widened, tom. R.
j^. 44. >1.19.

Gmel.fuc. 22. g. — aniib.2^.

Four inches high ; metnbrajaaceous, pellucid, fine redj Stem flat,
nervous, enlarged on each fide with membranaceous rudiments,
v/hidi expand into broad leaves; thefe leaves are hand-lhaped with
many clefts, waved, fcolloped, riblcfsy irregularly divided, clefts
differing in depth, generally three at the end, which is rounded.

Gmelin fuc. 183. — Narrower and more branched than the preced-
ing ; marked on each fufface with fcattered hollow dots. , l^tNN.

TTI R. Fuaii

250

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Fuais lacerus. Linn.
Sea fhores, common.

^ Hods. 583. — Leaf flat, forked, very entire, dotted, egg-fpear-
fhaped, inflated, divided at the end. LiNN.Jp.p/.

F.injlatus. Linn. Lightf. 910.

Shore near Muflelborough. July Aug.

£ Leaves broader, and warty.

H. ox. XV. 8. row 1.13.

Well reprefented by the above figure. Convex on one fide, con-
cave or channelled on the other, which circumftance probably in-
duced Mr. Hudfon to refer it to the F. canaliculatus. Major Velley,
Fucus excifus. Hudf. 583.

furrowed FV'ClJS canalicula'tus. Leaf flat, forked, very entire,
channelled, ftrap-fliaped. Fru6lifications tubercled, di-
vided into 2 parts, blunt. Linn./j/. nat. ed. xii. 716.
fyjl. veg. ed. xiii. and xiv.

Gmel. fuc. i . A. 2. FI. dan. 2 1 — H. ox. xv. 8, row the
lajl, 12.

Many times forked, fmooth, narrow, one fide convex, the other
channelled. terminating, divided into 2, or in pairs, fit-

ting, fprinkled with perforated tubercles. Linn. fyjf. not. 716.—
Channelled or cut into longitudinal hollows on one furface. Stems
and leaves riblefs. Gmelin fuc, 73.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. p, June Au?.

^ Dotted at the forks. Forks ftraddling. Linn '

H. ox. XV. 8. row 2. 1 1.

F. exctjus. Linn. fp. pi. 1627. fyft. nat. ed. xii. 71 r, Hadf ed
i. 468.

y — H.ox.xw.S.rowi.i^.

F. canaliculatus 0 Hudf. 583.

^ — Gmel.fuc, i. A. 3.

F. canalkuldus y Hudf. 583.

narrozV'

leaved

****’* Uafcmprejfed.

c thread-flaaped, compreflfed

forked, tubercled all over. LiNN.—Leaf pointed, tubS-
cled with fcattered veficles. Huns. 583. ^

FI. dan. y 10. Schlojfer in GerU. Mae. i7c6 t E'/t f r tn ^

^ 293. o, the uppermojt of the 3,

Tall, forked, ftr^-ftaped, compfefled; fet with raifed, blunt
tubercfe. LiNN.--This plant at its firft appearance fo much refem-

blcs a Fungus, tliat fome authors have miftakcn it for one. Ray

. feems

A L G Fucus.

Teems to have defcrlbcd it as a diftintfl fpecies under the name of
“ Fucus Fungis affinis.” Syn. p. 43. n. 15. from the center of the
little Fungus-like fubftance 3 or 4 (hoots arife, and extending by
degrees into branches, conftitute the perfedl plant. The little
Fungus ftlll continues and forms a kind of fence or cup at the bafe
of the ftem.

Sea Thongs.

Rocks and (tones in the fea. Moilnt’s-bay, CornW. P.June — Sept.

¥\J'CX)S eionga'tus. Leaf thread -diaped, compreffed, elongated
forked, jointed. Knots fomewhat fwQllen'. Linn* — Leaf
downy, blunt. Huns. 584.

H. ox. XV. 8. raw 2. 7, was referred to by Linnxus in thejp. pi. but
in mant. 508, direSfed to be erafed. Mr. Hudjonhas notwithjland-
ing retained it. — (Dod. ^yg. 2, repr. in Ger. em. 1568. 5, .arid
cop. in Parh. 1293. 6, is F. loreus.J

Swollen and jointed at the forks, fo that in drying they often
feparate. Linn.

F. tomentofiis. Hudf. 584. 1 .

Rocks and (tones in the fea, Cornwall. Near Exmoutti, Devon-
(hire, and Yorkihire. P* May — Odt.

FU'CUS nodo'fus. Leaf comprelTed ; forked. Leafits knottetl
pointing two ways ; very entire. Bladders in the fubftance '
of the leaf, folitary ; dilated.—

Fl. dan. 146. — Baflar ii. 5. — Dod.^So. i,repr.in Ger. em. 156^*

6, a portion of a branch cop. in Park. 1293. 6, the left hand lower-
moft figure. — Gmel.fuc. i. B. i. — H. ox. xv. 8. row 3. 2.

Bladders egg-(haped, growing in the middle of the branches,
broader than the branches. Leafits fpear-(haped, blunt, from the
edges of the leaf. Linn. — Hard, leathery, 6 feet long; yellowifh
when frelh, blackilh when dry. Stem varioufly branched, flat,
about ■§ inch broad. Trailing, entire or wingeL or alternately
winged and forked towards the ends. Leaves fimple’; in pairsj
feveral from the farne fork of the branch, none to\Vards the bottom
of the ftem. Leaf-ftalks very (hort. The thicker leaves contain
granulated frucftificatioris in a niucus fluid. Air-vejfels both on the
ftem and oh the leaves, largej elliptical, hollow. Gmelin fuc. 79.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. P. May — Ocftl

& Stem ferrated. Lightf. 920.

Gmel. fuc. i. B. 2.

R2

FU'CUS

252 C R Y P T O G A M I A.

pigmy ^ FU'CUS pygma'^s. Leaf griftly, comprefled, widen-
ing and hand-lhaped at the end. Fru6lifications termi-
nating, roundifh, perforated at the end. Lightf. 964.-—
Leaf forked. Forks flraddling, thofe neareft the end
with veficles, moftly folitary, growing in the fubftance of
the leaf. Fru6tifications globular. Huns. 584.

Light/. ^2. i, at p.

Leaf nearly 6 inches long, griftly, nearly flat, narrower below,
blackilli olive-coloured and fometimes purplilh blue. Veficles fome-
times double, round, inflated. Fru6lif cations fmall, fmooth. Huns.
n. 38.— -This plant might with propriety be called a marine Lichen,
as it has not only the habit of a Lichen, but the fpherical veflels
which are hollow and open at the top bear the ftrongeft refemblance
to the faucers peculiar to thofe plants. Major Velley.

F. pumilus. Hudf. 584.

Rocks in the little ifles of Jura wafhed by the tides, on thecoall of
Jona, and in the Frith of Forth, and feveral other places. Lightf.
—Rocks and ftones in the fea between high and low water mark.
Huds. P.June— 0(fl.

Jliform FU'CUS jUlfor'ims, Leaf griftly, thread-fhaped , com-
prelfed, forked, pointed. Huds. 585.

Leaf i foot long, femi-tranfparent, reddifli. Huns. n. 39.

Rocks and ftones in the fea near the Ifle of Walney, Lancaftiire.

P. May — Od.

ko}ny FU'CUS cor'neus. Leaf griftly, comprefled, very
much branched. Branches alternate, from 2 oppofite
lines, winged. Segments oppofite, briftle-ftiaped. Fruc-
tifications roundifh, on fruit-ftalb. Huds. ed. i. 474. ed,
ii. 585 .— Leaf griftly, thread-fhaped, comprefled, branch-
ed. Little branches briftle-fhaped, winged. Lightf. 956.

Gmel.fuc. 15. 3, cited by Lightf. and by Hudf. with a note of doubt,
— Gmel.fuc. 18.3, is alfo referred to by Lightf.— Gunn. ii. 2 . 8,
feems a better figure of the fame plant.

Rocks in the fea on the coaft of Cornwall and Devonfhire.

P. May — Ocft.

pinnated FU'CUS pima'tuf Leaf griftly, thread-fhaped, com-
prefled, generally triply winged ; fegments awl-fhaped,
nearly upright. Huds. 586.

LeaJ 3 inches long, red, fometimes doubly winged, pointed ;
fegments oppofite, very fhort. Huds,

Rocks

A L G Facus. 253

Rocks and Hones in the fea, Cornwall, Devonfhire, SulTex, and
Scarborough.

FU'CUS ohtu'fus. Leafgriftly, thread-fliaped, com- ohtufe
prefled.moftly doubly winged; fegments inverfely egg-
fhaped, with tubercles at the end. Huns. 536.

Lea/4 inches long, femi-tranfparent, purplifli ; fegments oppofi/e,

expanding. Huns. n. 43. ,

Stones and rocks in the fea near Haftings, Suflex, and Devonlhire,

A. May' — OtH.

FU'CUS jili'einus. Leaves griftly, compreffed, blunt, fern-leaved
moftly triply winged. Segments horizontal, blunt,

Huds. ed. i. 473. fd. ii. 586.

(Gmel.fuc. 16. 2, is only doubly winged, and is F. pinnatifidus.J
(F.flicinus. Lightf. 955, is F. pimatifidus.)

Rocks and Hones near Walney, Laneafliire. A. May— OH.

FU'CUS cartilagin'eus, Leafgriftly; comprefled; cape
more than doubly compound ; winged. Segments ftrap-
fhaped, —

MiU. iUuftr.—Gifek. 25.— Gmel.fuc. 17. 2, the very end is the only
part which gives any tolerable idea of thejhape of the ramifications.

Stem deprclTed, very much branched. Branches alternate, very
long, alternately winged, with an odd one at the end. Wings cut
into winged clefts ; fegments thick, awl-fhaped and fruHifying at
the ends. This plant is often 3 feet high, its fubftance griftly, its
colours very elegant, but variable, reddifh green, brownifh red,
yellowifti, and all thefe often exifting in the fame individual plant,

Gmilih fuc. 158. ^

Rocks and Hones. Cornwall. S'TgvENs in R.fyn. 586.

P. Jan.-r-Dec.

FU'CUS coccin'eus. Leaf griftly, compreffed, very fcarlei
much branched. Little branches alternately pointing
one \vay. Fruftifications globular, lateral. Huds, 586.

— Leaf membranaceous-griftly. Little branches alter-

nately pectinated. Lightf. 957.

Cluf. ii. 250. I, repr. in Ger. em. 1573. 9, and cop. in Ftirk.^ 1289.

2. — Gmel.fuc. 16. i. — Fluk. 48, 2. — (J. B. iii. 797. 2, isjuftly
rejeBed by Dill, in R. Jyn.j

Subftance membranaceous, griftly, fine red, often \vith fome
white or yellow intermixed, very rarely green ; about 4 inch-'s high.

Stem half a line in dianreter, cylindrical birt deprefted, upright, lotf,

R3 HvuiibJc,

S54

CRYPTOGAMIA.

, flexible, foon becoming flat. Branches, the large ones, alternate,
long, exactly fimilar to the ftem. Secondary branches wingfe.
Wings compofed of thick awl-fhapeii fegments, fomevyhat crooked
from 2 to 5 lines long. FruSlificaiions globular, black, fitting on the
fides of the ftem or branches ; now and then one appears with 3,
fhort fruit-ftalk. Gmelin fuc. 154.

F- cartilagineus. Hudf. ed. i.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, p. June

feathered F U ' C U S plumo'fus. Leaves griftly ; fpear-fhaped j
doubly winged; feather-like. Stem thread-lhaped ■
compreffed ; branched. Ljnn. — Leaf comprelfed, branch-
ed. Branches doubly winged. Fru6lifications on fruit-
ftalks, globular, radiated. Huns. 58^.

Gunn. ii. 2. 15.— FI. dan. 35oX^R.fyn. 2. 5, at p. 6o.~Pluk. 48.
2 ? but Gifek in hs ind^ calls it"^. crifiatus, which may be a mij-
printfor crijpatus. ^

About 5 inches high, purp^ S^—Stem deprefifd, very much
branched, branches irregular,*!!*, leafits doubly winged, with
foft, undivided, crooked threads, l^eft at the end and with fome-
thing of a jointed appearance. Gmelin fuc. p. 152.

Refembles F. abrotanifolius, but is winged like a and fmall

Linn. '

Rocks and ftones in the fea, p, Aug.— Odl.

^h'Sad

****** Leaf cylindrical.

F U C U S Fi'lum. Leaf thread-fliaped ; fomewhat
brittle ; opake. —

FI. dan. 821. — Fet.gaz. gi. 5.

_ Leaves not fwimming on the furface of the water but juft below
It. Linn, /aec. n. 1 153.— Thread-fhaped, thinneft at both ends,
about a line m diameter, undivided, fmpoth, filled with mucus,
leparatcd mtenially into joints, cartilaginous, brittle, often matted
together, twiftmg fpirally w'hen dry. Colour green, blackifh brown
when dry, bleaching on the fliore to a ftraw colour or a white.
Gmel. fuc. 132.— The bleached fpecimens fometimes fhew the
join s extreme y diftinift, as is the cafe with one how before me fent

by Major Velley who obferves with Mr. Lightfoot that the tranf-
yerft lepta almoft reduce it to the genus Conferva.

Sea Laces.

Recks and ftones in the fea. p_

ahnevd thf- FU'CUS defrac'tus. Leaf thread-ftaped, finple.
fom QinpnanoLis, vilcid. — ^

This

Pl.xviir, •

Ulva defracta vtc/^ ^tc.

f/

255

A L G iE. Fucus.

thisFucus is found in mafTes, the ftems fimple, but varlouny
coiled up, being very ^laftic as well as glutinous ; from 8 to 1 2 inches
long, cylindrical, nearly the eighth of an inch in diameter, terminat-
ing obtufely. It confifts of a diaphanous membrane replete with a
clear gelatinous fubftance. Inner furface of this niembrane inter-
fperfed on every part with innumerable minute fpecks, which at
liril give the whole plant the beautiful hue, of the almond bloITom ;
but as the gelatinous fubftance dim'inifhes, thefe granulated fub-
ftances attain a kind of orange-colour, and from the outer fine
membrane collapfing upon them they become more diftindl,
appearing almoft as if fixed on the outer furface. It has none or
the tranfverfe fepta fo obfervable in the F- fium. Found not unfre-
quently, at low water, on the beach at Weymouth ; but I never
could difcover any root upon the various fpecimens I have examined.

As they adhere clofely together, and are very tender, they are pro-
bably broken by the flux of the fea, and torn off from their bafc.

Specimen and defcription from Major Velley,

F U ' C U S elmhthoi'des. Thread -ftiaped, entire, or but Earth-worm
little branched, opake, flippery, end bluntilh.*—

PL 17./. 2.

Refembles a worm in its writhing form, fize, and mucilaginous
nature. It rifes from a thick, blunted bafe, like glue^ fixed in the
interftices of the rocks. It is generally fimple, fometimes a little
branched toward the middle of the plant, fometimes 5 or 6 grow
together, in which cafe they are proportionally reduced mfize, which
in the largeft feldom exceeds that of a goofe-quill ; from 4 to 7 inches
long, blunt at the end. Colour refembling, but fometimes lighter
than that of glue. It is foft, and confifts of a fine membrane which
on its internal furface feems crowded with extremely minute, opake,
granulated bodies. If cut horizontally into very thin lamina, thefe

grains appear fixed in a clear gelatinous fubftance which conftitutes

the interior body of the Fucus, and theyfeem to occupy about
one third part of its furface in a circular diredlion, leaving the
middle part perfccftly clear, through the center of which a dark
parenchymous line paffes, from one extremity to the other.

Grows in abundance upon the rocks off the Beal, at the extremity
of Portland, at very low water. June. July. I could not find it in
0(ftober, fo that I fuppofe from its mucilaginous texture it foon
perifhes ; whereas the F. furcellcUus or lumbricalis of Gmelin hardens
like a finew. Major Velley.

FUCUS (e’minihoides) Filiformis, fimplex, vel fub-ratnqrus, opacus,
^bricus, apice fub-obtufo, M. Veh.ey. TTT'Pn^

256 C R Y P T O G A M I A.

pedunculated FU'CUS peduncula’Ius. Leaf griftly, thread-toped,
branched. Branches briftle-fhaped, bearing fruit, fcat-
tered, Frudlifications fcattered, on fruit-ftalks, oblong.
Huds. 587.

Leaf g inches long, femi-tranfparent, yellowlfh. Branches very
fimple, long. Fructif cations numerous, fmall, brownifh. Fnit-Jlalks
long. Huds. «. 49.

Rocks and ftones in the fca. Portland ifland. A. July — Sept.

warty FU'CUS verruco'fus. Leaf griftly, briftle-lhaped,
branched. Branches very long. Fru6lifications lateral,
globular, fitting. Huns, ed, i. 470. ed. ii. 588.

FI. dan. 358 and 650. — Gmel. fuc. 13.

Two feet high, or more ; cartilaginous, yellowifh green or brown-
ilh purple. Stem upright, thicknefs of thin packthread. Branches
very long, often pointing 2 ways, often alternate, often without any
regular order. Small fcattered globules on the fides of the branches.
Gmelin.

F. Jta^elliformis. Lightf. 928.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. Suflex, Hampftilre, and Cornwall.

P. June — 0(ft.

white FIJ CVS al'bidus. Leaf griftly, thread-fhaped, nearly
round, fomewhat forked. Branches bnftle-lliaped, diftant,
moltly pointing one way. Fruaifications lateral, roundilh.
fitting. Huds. 588. '

Gmel. fuc. 14. i, — (fl. dan. 408, is F. plicatus.J
From 2 to 13 inches high, or more. Stm cylindrical, .cartilagi-
nous, but tender, very pellucid, fet with numerous fmall dots with
appearance ; branches from near tlie root ; refembling
the ftem, nearly as thick, but very fhort; divifions and fub-divifions
of the branches finer and finer. Branches often on one fide, fome-
times on both; fometimes forked, generally folitary. Warts or
capfules, lateral, fitting, frequent, pellucid, folitary, or in pairs,
diftctnt or crowded, varying in lize, open at the top. Gmelin 136.
—I have feen a fpecimen fent to Major Velley from the Eaftern
coaft by the Hon, Mr. Wenman, which by no means accords with
Gmdiri’s figure, though it agrees pretty well with his defeription.
In tnia fpecimen the branches are winged with and terminated by
briftly threads as fine as hairs; the are pretty nume-
rous,-forae fitting in the forks and on the Tides of the branches, and
others terminating the above-mentioned briftly threads, fo that they
appear as if ftanding upon fruit-ftalks.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, common. p, June— Oefr.

FU CUS

A L G Fucus. 257

F U ' C U S bifurca'tus. Leaf thread-fliaped, fomewhat tuberculated

forked. Branches blunt, tubercled. Huds. 588

Divifions of the forks oval, not angular. M. Vellev. —

Branches parallel. With.

PL ij.f. I.

Nearly allied to F. fajligiahis, but differs in not being uniformly
forked nor level, the branches being unequal, and the longeftfprink-
led with tubercled frudlifications. Huds. 71.52. — From 5 to ginches
high. Root compadl, cartilaginous, adhering ftrongly to the rocks.

Stetns undivided for the-fpace of 3 or ^ inches from the root, when
they become forked, and proceeding 3 or 4 inches higher ftrike out
into a continued feries of very fhort forked branches cluttered toge-
ther. All the ftems are perfedlly cylindrical, nearly of an equal
fize throughout, feldora larger than a crow-quill, but in general
thicker than the F. fajiigic^s and F. farcellatus, and are more regu-
larly forked than any I have met with, the F. loreus excepted. It ^
differs from the other forked Fuel in invariably maintaining an oval
mode of growth inttead of an angular one at the forks, and alfo in
the rounded blunt termination of the branches. At the latter end
of fummer, on examining the forked tops of the plant, feveral of
them appeared replete with opake fubttances. On making a longi-
tudinal iiKifion into thefe, I clearly difeovered, by the help of a
moderate magnifier, the form and direettion of thefe veflels which
proceeded from a point, or kind of pundlure in the inner fide of the
membrane. They evidently grew in a conical fhape, and refem-
bled a Peziza. The tops of thefe Peziza-form veffels were regularly
dilated and fomewhat prominent, covered with fmall dark globular
grains. Differs from the F. fqfligiatus and furcellatus, in being lefs
branched than either of them, but particularly in the forked extre-
mities of the latter conftantly originating in acute angles. It differs
alfo from the F. rc^uiidus of Gmelin ; for befides the forks being
acute in the ToiWfiduSy the frudfifications grow in excrefcences on
varimLS parts of the ttem ; and for this latt reafon among others, it
cannot be the F. angulatus of that author. Mr. Hudfon has named
this plant the F. tuberdilatus, but as feveral other Fuci put on tuberailated
appearances in maturity, I have in conformity to its charadler, and
mode of growth, called it F. bifurcatus. Major Vellev.

Fucus tuberculatus. Huds. — (F. luberculatus. Lightf. 926, is F. pur-
purafeens.)

On rocks and ttoncs in the fea near St. ive’s, Cornwall.

P. June— Odl.

*

F U'C U S fafligia'tu.f. Leaf thread-fliaped, forked, forked

very much branched. Branches nearly of the fame
^ length,

C R Y P T O G a M I a.

length, blunt. Linn. — ^Veficles fpear-fhaped, terminating,
Huds. 588,.

FI. dan. 393, (plant of Linn.) — H. ox. xv. g. row 2. g Gmel.fuc.

6. r, the end of a branch.

Cartilaginous, rather thick, 6 inches high, or more, colour yel-
lovvifh or olive brown. Stem cylindrical, thicknefs of a fmall pack-
thread, upright, branched. Branches riling to an equal height,
forked, Ihorter than in the F, furcellatus, FruSlificalions on the ends
of all the branches, egg-fpear-lhaped flatted velicles, bordered by a
furrow, opening at the top when ripe, and pouring out a prolific
mucus. Gmel. tuc. 106. — Bleaches to the colour of ilinglafs, and
has then a horny appearance when dry. Agrees with the Linnaen
charadier, except that it cannot be confidered as very much branched.

F. fajiigiatas znd furcellatus, Hudfon and Lightfoot, the fame, the
fajligiatus, Linnasus, feems to fle different.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. p, June Odf.

B Uppermoft branches more tapering to a point.

FI. dan. qig. — H. ox. xv. g. roro i. 4. — Gmel.fuc. 6. 2.

Six inches high ; cartilaginous, opake, brown turning black ; the
young plants reddilh brown or greenifh. Stem Angle, fplitting at
about an inch from the root, or elfe rifing in two or more feparate
flems from its origin. Branches fhaped like a worm, filled with
flime containing granulations. Gmel. 108. — Approaches very nearly

F. fajligiatus, but longer, and the Branches thicker. Is moftly red.
Linn. — Probably no more than a variety. Liohtf. 932. — F. fajli-
^atus ^nd furcellatus are one and the fame fpecies. I have a fpecimen
in my pofleffion, in which they both grow from one root, and one
branch is divided with furcellatus on one part and fajligiatus on the
other. F. fajligiatus I am inclined to think will be found to be the
flowering and /?irce//ah« the fruiting plant. Mr. Woodward. St.
—Scarcely different from the F. fajligiatus. Major Velley.

F. lumbricahs. Hudf. ed. i. 471. — F. furcellatus. Hudf. ed. ii. p. 589.

Rocks and Hones in the fea, and on the fea beach. P. Jan. — Dec.

matted

n Leaf griflly, thread-fliaped, forked,

itraddhng, fpreading. Huns. 589.

Leaf i a foot long, of the thicknefs of fhop packthread, yellowifh
or purphfh, femi-tranfparent, very much ftraddling, the ends
pointed. Huds. n. 55.

Rocks in the fea. Cornwall, Devonfhire, and Portland Ifland.

P. Jan. — Oeff.

^ y 9 y ^ Leaf griftly, thread-fliaped,

Huds. 5^9* — Little branches
rpoitJy pointing ope way. Lightf. 929.

Gmeln

2

A L G Fucus.

Gmelfuc. 14. 2. — Tluk. 184. 2.— F/. dan. 408.

About 6 inches high; horny, tough, orange red, rigid and brit-
tle when dry. Stems very numerous, crowded together at the root,
cylindrical, ferpentine, little branches from the fides, and forked
at the end. Gmel. fuc. 142.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, A.^May Nov.

F U ' C U S purpuraf'cens. Leaf thread-fhaped, very purple
much branched. Little branches briftle-fhaped. Fru6ti-
fications globular, in the fubflance of the leaf. Huds. 589.

_Leaf cylindrical. Branches alternate. Little branches
with tubercles. Tubercles roundifh, diftant, in the fub-
ftance of the leaf. Solander in FI. fcot. 926.

Subftance cartilaginous, tender, about 2 inches high ; purple,
pouring out a purple fluid. Stem thread-ftiaped. Branches very
numerous, divided and fub-divided, the extreme divifions very
flender; alternate or oppofite, thread-lhaped, fupporting fitting
globules. The whole plant abounds with black fpots. Gmel. fuc. 139*

F. purpureus. Hudf. ed. i. 471.— F. tuberculatus. Lightf. ib.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, May Gift.

FU'CUS incur'vus. Leaf thread-fliaped, very much pine
branched, Branches tiled, the end? rolled in* Little
branches awl-fhaped, pointing moftly oneway. Huds. 590.

Gmel. fuc. 1 1 . I .

Root rather woody, tough, round. Stem a foot high, or more,
branched. Branches fet on every fide with crooked fharp briftles, all
pointing upwards, of different fizes, fometimes ■§ an inch long.

Fruclif cation confifts of globules fitting, or on foot-ftalks, on the fides
or in the forks of the branches. Gmel. fuc. 1 27.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. Suffex. P. Jan. Dec.

YV ' CU S aculea'tiis. Leaf thread-fliaped, coraprelfed ; prickly
very much branched ; edged with awl-lhaped, alternate,
upright teeth. —

FI. dan. 355. — H. ox. xv. 9. row i. 4. — Gmel. fuc. 12. — fFl. dan.

357, is erronemjly referred to this in the index at the end of
fafe. xiii.)

Refembles the tail of a horfe. — Greatly branched, fometimes 2
feet long. Root thick, in fome degree globular, from whence 2 or 3
principal ftems proceed which throw out branches on each fide in an
alternate feries, 2 or fometimes more growing from the fame knot or
joint ; and thefe alfo are fub-divided into long flender thread-fhaped
but flattened leaves, each of which, as well as the fccond branches, are

armed

26o

CRYPTOGAM I A.

armed with Ihort fharp-pointed prickles. Stems thread-fliapcd.
Plant olive green. Major Vellev.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, Devonlhire, Cornwall, and Nor-
thumberland. P. May — Ocl.

0 mufcoides. Hudf. 590. — ^Thread-lhaped. Branches very nume-
rous, diverging, zigzag.

Rocks in the fea. Yorklhire, Northumberland, but not common.

P. May — 0(fl,

amphibious YIJ 'CUS amphib'ius. Leaf thread -fhaped, very much
branched. Branches alternate, rolled in. Little branches
very Ihort, with many clefts. Fruftifications oblong, 011
fruit-ftalks. Huns. 590.

R. Jyn. 2. 6, at p. 60. — Ftuk. 47. 13.

About an inch high, woody, livid or greenilh, to blackilh. Stem
foon becoming branched. Branchs dividing and fubdividing, alter-
nate, the ultimate branches extremely fine. On the fides of the
branches there are ftiort teeth, which fwell and coil up; they con-
tain flime, and feem to perform the office of fruAification. Gmel.
fuc. 135.

¥. Jcorpioides. Hudf. ed. i. 471.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, and in fait water ditches and fait
marlhes. P. July — Sept,

woolly F U ' C U S lano'fus. Leaves hair-like, forked, very
much branched, rough. Linn. — Fru6lifications tubercleci,
lateral. Huns. 590.

A fpan high, refembling black wool. Rough with dots placed
nearly in whorls and only vifible when magnified. L^NN.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. Ifle of Walney, Lancafhire.

P. July— 0(ft.

rough ' F U ' C U S confervoi'des. Leaf thread-flaaped, very
much branched, rough. Branches tiled, hair-like.
Little branches very fhort, bundled, finely toothed.
Huds. 591.

Leafji foot long, ftiffilh, opaque, black. Branches ver^' numerous.
Little branches with many clefts, toothed, teeth blunt. Hues. n. 62.

Stones and rocks in the fea, in Yorklhire and Cornwall.

P. May — Oeft.

capillary FU'CUS capilla'ris. Leaf thread-fliaped, very much
branched. Branches alternate. Little branches moftly
pointing oiie way, awl-fliaped, fliort, Huds. 591.

Loaf

26i

A L G JE, ' Conferva,

Leaf nearly f a foot long, blackilh purple. Branches alternate,
hair-like, long. Li«fe Branches femi-tranfparent, very fhort. Huns.
n. 63.

Stones in the fea near Shcernefs, IHe of Shepey, Devonfliire and
Cornwall. April Oft.

1323, CONFER'VA. River-weed.

Fibres fimple ; uniform ; like hair or thread.

Ess. Char. Unequal 'Tubercles^ on very long, hair-like
fbres,

Obs. Thefe fibres are either continued or jointed.

* Threads jimple, equal, without joints.

CONFE R'V A riuula'rls. Threads undivided ; common
equal ; very long. —

Dill. 2. I.— Mich. 8g. 7. — Lob. obj. 654. t, repr. in Ger. em.

1 570. 1 1 , and cop, in Park. 1261.2 . — (FI. dan. 88 1 , h fometimes
forked.)

Entirely formed of threads, from i to 2 cubits or more in length,
extremely flender, floating, not branched, green, fhining like lilk.

DltL. '2.

Crow-filk.

Slowly flowing brooks and rivers. P. Jan. — Dec.

j2 Huds. 591. — Shorter and thicker.

Dill. 2. 2. — Mich. 8g. 6.

Wide fpreading, 1 to 2 feet long; thick as a hair, rarely matted,
pale green, fhining. Dill. 13.

In ditches in fields near Mitcham, Surry. Dill.

CONFER 'V A fontinaTis, Threads undivided; fpring
equal ; fhorter than one’s finger. —

FI. dan. 651. 3. — Dill. 2. 3. — Mich. 89. 8, 10, ii.

Conlifting of very fine, fhort, unbranched, hair-like threads,
crowded together. Varies in colour, in aerated waters ochrey and
harder, incommon fpringsbrownifh or dark coloured, in rivulets
dark green. Dill. 14. — Threads an inch long, collefted about
a center, which is yellowifh, the extremities dark green. Linn.

On ftones in ruoilets and fprings. In the New River near
Hornfey. Di l. l . A. March— June.

CON-

262

CRYPTOGAMIA.

cataraEi CONFER'VA confrago'fa. Threads fiimy, fimple^
equal, violet, Lightf. 076. — not a finsrer’s length.
JduDS. 592.

Dill. 2. 4.

The whole forms a flippery mucous fubftance. Threads fhort,
fo fine and fo denfely crowded together that no eye can diftinguifh
whether they are entire or branched ; fhining when dry, a fine violet
colour. It adheres to the paper without gum. Dill.

Near Llanberris, Wales. Dill. — On rocks in the waterfalls on
Goatfield, in tlie Ifle of Arran. Lightf. A. May — Od.

* * Threads branched, equal.

forked CONFER'VA furca'ta. Tlireads equal ; branched
at the ends. Branches fimple. Huds. 592. ?

Dill. 2. 6.

Extremities 2 or 3 forked ; pale, not fhining, nearly white when
dry. Dill.

Gently flowing brooks. A. Od. — May.

Q Huds. — ^Threads fhorter; thicker; and more branched. Dill.

Dill. 3. 10.

Threads 2 to 4 inches long, irregularly difperfed, not taking any
determinate figure in the water, about as thick as a hair ; green,
greyifh and not fhining when dry. In fpring and fummer it is of
muddy dull green ; in autumn it feeras renovated and changes to
a more lively green. Dill.

Ditches.

Irijlle CON FER'VA dtVAo/'oma. Threads equal ; forked. — -

Dill. 3. g

Grows Upright, crowded together ; dull green. Threads fmooth,
from 4 to 12 inches high, or more, forked divifions beginning about
the middle, and thefe again repeatedly divided and fubdivided into
other forks. Dill.

Below Charlton, Kent, in the marfh ditches near the Tham^.
Merr. 28. — Salt water ditches between Greenwich and Woolwich.
Dill. — Near Gravefend. Huds. P. Jan. — Dec. Dill.

cotton CONFER'VA bullo'fa. Threads equal ; branched;
matted ; ineloling air bubbles. —

Dill. ^.11.

Threads flender, 3 inches to a foot or more in lengthj green, or
dull ycllowifh green, foft; rather filky,. fending put from the fides
other finer and fhorter threads. The threads are fo much matted
together , as to retain bubbles of air under the water. Dill.

Ditches,

A L G Conferva.

Ditches, pools, and the fides of cifterns. A. March — June. Hods.
Spring, Summer, and Autumn, and in cifterns all the year. Dill.

CONFER'VA canalicula'ris. Threads equal, more
branched towards the bafe. Linn. — Branches long.
Huds. 593.

DHL 4. 15.

Denfely crowded, deep green, foft and fpongy or velvety to the
touch. Threads and Branches flender, very much branched down-
wards, but little fo towards the ends, i to 2 inches high ; foft and
herbaceous when taken out of the water, but when dry it acquires
an almoft ftony hardnefs, from the mud adhering to it. Dill.

Clear brooks and mill-pond troughs. Dill. P. Jan. Dec.

CONFER'VA amphih'ia. Threads equal, branched ;
when dry uniting into llifF fliarp points. —

Dill. 4. 17.

Fibres innumerable, denfely matted together, extremely fine, fo
that it is difficult to fay whether it be branched or not, green. In
ftreams it grows 2 or 3 inches high, and thrown on the ffiore the
threads unite in bundles at the top, and adhere fo as to have a thorn-
like appearance. In other fituations it forms a kind of Ikin on tlie
ground. Dill.

Banks of rivers, ditches, damp walls. Autumn and Winter ; and
in Summer in moift fliady places. P. Jan. — Dec.

CONFER'VA rig'ida. Threads equal , very much
branched, ftiffifh; lefler branches alternate, very ftiort.
Huds. 594.

' Dill. 4. 16.

Several ftems arife from one common bafe, fixed to a ftone. Dull
green, tending to brownilh; moderately ftiff, fomewhat hairy.
Stems branched on every fide, and divided, particularly towards the
ends, into fine fibres. Dill.

Clear water and where the ftream Is moft rapid. In a ftream on
Hounflow Heath, and in the Lug near Mortimer’s Crofs, Hereford-
fhire. Dill. P- Jan. — >0<ft.

CONFER'VA fcenicuJa'cea. Threads equal, very
much branched ; branches and fub-divifions of the branches
very long, fcattered. Huds. 594.

Dill. 2. 8. — Barr. 1123. i.

Threads irregularly divided like the leaves of fennel ; foft and
greenifh when young, brownifli and ftifier when old. Dill.

263

mill

amphibious

rigid

fennel-leaved

Jfic

264

C RYPTOGAMIA

Ifle of Man on rocks covered by the tide. Dill. — Cornw. Huns.

A. June — Odl:.

CONFER'VA Httora'lis. Threads equal, very much
branched, pretty long, roughifli, Linn. — foft.LiGHTF.979i
Dill. 4. ig. — (Dill. 3. 13, is C. albida.)

From 4 to 1 2 inches long, yellowifh green, with vciy numerous
Ilender hair-like divifions ; very foft and tender, but not gelatinous.
Dill.

C. plicata. Hudf. ed. i. 484.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. A. May — Odl,

Jlock CONFER'VA tomento'fa. Threads equal, very fine,
very much branched. Branches undivided, long, crowded,
brown. Huds. 594.

Dill. 3. 13.

Brownifh red, efpecially when dry. Threads covered with a
downy coat which it is difficult to remove ; but this and its colour
readily diftinguifh it. Dill.

Rocks, ftones, and Fuci. _ A. May — Gift.

whitijh CONFER'V A al'bida. Threads equal, very fine,
very much branched. Branches undivided, bundled,
^ whitilh. Huds. 595.

Dill. 3. 1 2.

Threads nearly an inch long, whitifli. Branches alternate. Little
Branches bundled, fimple, whitifli, rifing nearly to the fame height.
Huds. n. 13. — ^Pale green. Threads fo fine as hardly to be drfcerni-
ble by the naked eye. Subftance foft, both frefh and alfo when dry,
like cotton. Dill.

Ditches, bogs, and pools. — Ifland of Selfey, SufTex. Dill.

A. Odl. — May.

m

fea-green CONFER'VA arugtno'fa. Threads branched, foft,
lliorter than one’s finger, green. —

* ' Dill. 4. 20.

Colour an elegant cxrulean green, which it retains when dry, fo
that this alone diftinguifhds it. Threads (hovt, numerous, very fine,
fhining and filky when dry. Dill.

On Fucufes, common. A. June — 0<ft.

black CONFER'VA ni'gra* Threads equal, branched,
very long. Branches alternate, with many clefts, very
Ihort, Huds. 595.

Threads

A L G Conferva

7^rcai55inchesIong,fl;iffi{h,bIack. Brande5bundIed.HuDS.7Z. 15.

Yorkfhire coaft. A. May. — Ocl.

CONFER'VA fcopa'ria. Threads proliferous, of broom
the fame length, rough with hair. —

Dill. 4. 23.— J. B. iii. 81 1. 2. — Lob. obf. 648. 2, repr. in ic. ii.

249. 2, Dod. 475. 2, - and Ger. em. 1571. 2 ; and cop. in Park.

1296. 3, and again in Ger. 1379. 2, a good reprejentation of tf,
though not intended for it.

Branches woolly and hairy, fpreading in all diredions ; fmaller
branches nearly of equal length, finely toothed ; dull green; red-
dilh brown when old and dry. Dill.

Sea fliores, common. A. May — Otfc.

ER'V A cancella'ta. Threads branched ; leffer latticed
threads alternate, lliort, with many finger-like divifions. —

Dill. 4. 22.

Colour pale, dirty. Stems giving out many crooked branches near
2 inches long, which are fet with hair-like threads or tendrils, giving
a roundifh figure to the branch, with an appearance of hollownefs
witliin. Dill. — ^The lateral filc«nents retain air as if in fo many
veficles. Linn.

Stones and rocks in the fea, common. P. Jan. — Dec.

CONFER'VA multif'ida. Threads equal, very tufted
much branched. Little branches oppofite, very fliort, *
with many clefts. Huds. 596.

7^607^5 4 inches long, fomewhat jelly-like, red. Branches oppo-
fite, very long. Little Branches very fine, remote, and appearing
whorled. Hues. n. 18.

Stones and rocks in the fea on the coafts of Hampfhire and Dor-
fetlhire. • A. May — 061.

* * * Threads growing into one another. »

CONFER'VA reticula'ta. Threads uniting fo as net
to form a fort of net-work. —

Dill. 4. 14. — Pluk. 24. 2, cop. in H. ox. xv. 4. row 3. 4, and Pet.
gaz. 51 . 3. — fRarr. 1 1 23. 2, mufl be a diferent fpecies.J

Whole plant refembling a net, green, the mefhes 4 to 6 cornered.

Relh. n. 904. — Silky, Ihining, green. Threads folid, nearly as thick
as a hair, connedled fo as to form a net, with melhes of 4, 5, or G
fides. Dill.

Ditches and pools about Hounflow.

Vol. III. S

A. May — 061.
**** Threads

266

Sponge

horfe-hair

verticillate

horfe-tail

CRYPTOGAMIA.

**** Threads hairy.

CONFER'VA fpongio'fa. Threads equal, fomewhat
forked. Little branches very fhort, undivided, tiled on
all fides. Huds. 596.

H. ox, XV. g. row 2.6.

Shoots 4 inches long, growing in a circular form. Branchs few,
tough, black, wholly covered with greenifli fhort fibres. H. ox.
p. 650. 6.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. P. Jan. — Dec.

GONFER'VA eguije'tifo'lia. Knee-j‘ointed, branched.
Branches awl-fhaped. Little branches forked, between
whorled and tiled. Lightf. 984. — Very much branched.
Branches pointed. Little branches whorled, tiled, forked.
Huds. 603.

H. ox. XV. g. row 2. 7.

Size of a packthread, 3 or 4 inches long ; red. Stem branched.
Branches generally alternate, taper, lower ones the longeft ; thefe
and their fub-divifions clofely covered with whorls of fhort forked
hairs, lying one over another. Stems, branches, and joints red,
th&other parts diaphanous. Lightf.

C. imbricata. Hudf.

Rocks, ftones, and Fucufes in the fea. P. Jan. — Dec.

CONFER'VA verticilla'ta. Threads branched, knee
jointed. Little branches whorled, forked, bowed in.
Lightf. 984. Huds. 653.

Stems many from the fame root. Branches irregular, the whole
covered with clofe whorls cf fine, fhort, elaftic, forked hairs, cuiv-
ing inwards. Lightf. g84.

Among fea rocks in bafons of water left by the tides. Lightf.

* * * * * Threads beaded like a neck-lace.

CONFER'VA jluviat'Uis. Threads undivided, briftle-
fhaped, ftraight. Knots thicker than the threads, angular.

Dill. 7. 47. — Vain. 4. 5. — Tluk. igg. 7, cop. in Pet. 106. 6.

Stems feveral from one common origin, 3 or 4 inches long, thick-
eft below, with few or no branches ; fpaces between the knots,, ob-
long. Smooth, dull brown purple. Dill.

Rivers. ^.Near Bangor. Brewer th D/71, gg. — Yorkfhire, Cum-
berland, and Weftmoreiand. HuDs.5g7. P. Jan. — Dec.

^ Huds. — Green, contra/fted at the joints.

Dill. 7, 48.

Refembling

A L G jS,. Conferva.

267

Refembling the above, but dull grten, not flippery, .rather ftifF,

tontraded at the joints. Dill.

Near Ludlow, Shropfhire, at the New Bridge. Dill. 39.

CONFER'VA Threads necklace-like, briftle- bead

fliaped, very much branched, hrownilh black. Joints
globular, almofl jelly-like. Huds. 597.

Dill. 7. 46.

Spreading. Threads very flender, 2 inches long; knots very nu-
merous, fmaller towards tlae ends. Dill.

Springs and brooks. In the Ifle of Man. Brewer in Dill. 39. —

Near Martin, Surry. Huds. P, May — Dec.

CON F E R'V A gelatino'fa. Threads branched ; froo-Jpaim
necklace-lhaped. Joints globular, Jelly-like. Linn. — ^

Threads thread -lhaped. Huds. 597.

WeiJ. at pi 33.'!. I. — Dill. 7. 42.

One to 3 inches long, dull reddilh brown orblackifh, pellucid,
gelatinous, very flippery. Branches divided and fub-divided, formed
of globules ftrung together like a necklace. Dill.

In fprings and rivulets of pure and limpid water. In a large
clear fpring in Godalmin near the high road, and near Chichefter,

Suflex. Dill. — Between Greenwich and Woolwich-. Huds.

A. Jan. — Dec.

/3 Huds. — Green.

Dill. 7. 43. — Vaill. 7. 6, knots not exprejfed, if the plant.

Smaller than a. and thinner; -g to if inch long ; greenifh. Dill.

In a brook on Enfield Chace. Dill. Spring and Summer.

7 Huds. — Pale green.

Dill. 7. 44.

Grows on dead fibres of Fontinaiis, and on the veins and nerves
of dead leaves. Globules lefs clofelyfet, very tender, pellucid, pale
pleafant green. Dill. ,

In the fame rivulet with /?, but in places where the ftream ran
more rapidly. DIll. — In ftagnant waters near Manchefter. Har-
rison in Dill.

s' Huds. — Blue. 1

pill. 7. 45.

Grows on feveral aquatic plants, arid fotftetimes on ftohes;
branched, flender, globules nearly equal in fize, blue. Dill.

Small lakes or pools at the foot of the mountains near Llanberris,
and in ditches in Clifton Mofs, 3 miles from Mandhdfter. Dill.

Aug.

S3

****** Threads

268

CRYPTOGAMIA,

****** Threads jointed. '

thread CONFER'VA capilla'ris. Threads jointed, not
branched; joints alternately compreffed. —

FI. dan. 771. 2. — Dill. 5. 25. A.

Threads very long, winding, entangled, not branched; joints
numerous; floating in the middle of the water. Dark yellowifh
green ; when dried whitifh with dark green joints. Dill.

Pools and {hallows where the fea water is left on the ebbing of the
tide. Kent, SulTex, and Ifle of Man. Dill. A. March — Ocfl.

(3 Lightf. 988. — Smaller and fhorter.

Dill. 5. 25. B. — H. ox. XV. 4. row 3. 3. — Fluk. 84. g.

Finer, and fhorter than «, 12 to 1 8 inches long ; not branched.
Dill.

In frefh water. In Hackney river. Dill.

coralline CONFER'VA coralTma. Threads jointed, forked.
Linn. — Joints thicker at the end. Huds. 598.

Ellis in Ph. tranj. Iviii./. F.at p. 426. — -Dill. 6.36. — (^37, is C.
fetacea.)

Of a fine fcarlet when frefli. FniSlijications in whorls at the ends
of the joints. Ellis ib. — Slippery, very tender, whitifh, or fine red ;
always dividing and fubdividing into forks ; almoft vanifhes in the
attempt to dry it. Dill. — Confifts of many branches, equal in fize,
and breaking into fub-divi lions, fometimes 5 or 6 inches high.
When young it is compofed of very pale green tranfparent fibres ;
as it approaches towards maturity the fepta appear more diftindl,
the joints become more rounded, and replete witli a fcarlet liquor
which in a fhort time oufes through the tender fkin, but it fhews its
joints very diftinAly even after the difeharge of this liquor. A very
lingular inftance of irritability appeared in this plant upon iramerf-
ing it when quite frefh, into frefh water. After it had been in the
water a few minutes, feveral fibres were obferved to move in an
horizontal diredlion with a qufek convulfive twitch, then to ftop
fuddenly. This they continued to do for fome length of time. I
repeated this experiment feveral times, and the fame effedl was
produced, provided the plant was frefh. At firfi: I attributed it to
a feparation of air from between the joints of the Conferva, but this
ought to have been feen when riling up to the furface of the water.
I tried the experiment in fait water, but did not obferve the fame
effedl. Major Velley.

Conferva geniculata. Ellis ib. p. 425.

Stones and rocks in the fea. On ftones at Cockbufh, on the Sulfcx
^ coaft, and on the Ifle of Inys y moch, near Bangor. Dill. — Near
, Brighthelmftone, SulTex. Ellis. A. Mav — 0(51.

CON-

A L G JE» Conferva. 269

CONFER'V A feta'cea. Threads jointed, forked, fetaceous
Branches very long, briftle-fhaped. Joints cylindrical.

Huds. 599.

Dill. 6. 37.

Sometimes forked, fometimes irregularly divided, divifions more
or lefs frequent, but I have never obferved it entire. Colour reddilh
purple, or greenilh red. Dill.

Stones and rocks in the fea. ^ A. May — Odl.

CONFER'VA elonga'ta. Threads jointed, branch- pointed
ed. Branches forked, long, briftle-fhaped. Joints very
Ihort. Huds. ed. i. 484. ed. ii. 599.

Threads 9 inches to a foot long, of the thicknefs of fine packthread,
fmooth, brownilh purple, branched at the bafe. Branches very long.

Huds. n. 27.

Stones and rocks in the fea on the coaft of Devonlhire, Cornwall,

Suflex, and Ifle of Man. A. April — 061.

CONFER'VA cUia'ta. Ellis p, 425. — Threads fringed
jointed, forked, with forceps at the end. Joints with a
whorl-like fringe. Lightf. 998. — Threads jointed, fork- .
ed, the points approaching. Joints fringed at the ends,

Huds. 599.

Ellis in Pfdl. Tranf. vol. 57. p. 425. t. 18./. H.L

On the finer kinds of Fuel. A. May — Sept.

CONFER'V a polymor'pha. Threads jointed, palmated
branches bundled, Linn. — Threads fomewhat forked,
riling to the fame height. Huds. 599,

Ellis Tlttl. tranf. vol. 57. t. 1 8, at p. 426. — Dill. 6. 35. — Barr.

1301, cop. in Pet. fuc. 1. 15. — Pluk. 47. 10. — FI. dan. 395.

— Barr. 1290. i and 2.

Not fo long as the other fpecles but more bearded; with numer-
ous branches rifing from the bafe which are very much branched.

Flowei-s and fruit growing on diftindl plants, Linn. — Capjules tranf-
parent. Seed readily obfervable if examined in water with a micro-
fcope. Barren Flowers in catkins. The capfules containing the
feeds are placed in the forks at the termination of the branches.

They are almoft tranfparent, and when magnified the feeds arc
vilible within them if the plant is kept moift with water. The
flowers furnifhed with chives are collected into catkins, which Hand
on the terminations of the branches, not in the forks Ellis ib.

On Fuci, efpecially on F.-nodofus. P. Jan, — Dec.

S3 CON-

I

270

\

CRYPTOGAMIA.

red CONFER'V A rz/'&rfl. Threads jointed, vety much
branched. Branches briftle-fhaped. Joints cylindrical,
Ihort. Huds. ed. i. 486. ed, ii. 600.

. ' Ellis in Phil, TranJ, vol. 57. t. 18. e. E.—^Dill. 6., 38. — Phik,

48. 3 ?

Fruciijications refembling a ftrawberry or rafpberry, furrounded
with a leafy empalemcnt. Ellis ib. — Frncl if cations nearly fitting,
folitary, roundifh, with an awl-fhaped thread beneath each. Huns.
n. 31. — About 4 inches high, divided and fub-dlvided into numer-
ous branches; colour reddifh. Dill.

C. nodulofa, Lightf. 904.

Rocks, ftones, and Fucufes in the fea. A. May — Odl.

purple CONFER'VA purpuraf'cens. Threads jointed, very
much branched. Branches crowded. Joints cylindrical,
long. Huds. 600.

Dill. 7. 41. — Pluk. 168. 3?

Divided like a fhrub ; flippery% red. Divifions and fub-divifions
innumerable, hair-like, fhort, flender, compofed of minute gto-
bulcs. It retains water like wool, Dill.

Stones and Fuci in the fea. A. May — Oc5L

knotted CONFER'VA nodu lo'f 2 . Threads j ointed , very much
branched. Joints oblong, thofe of the leffer branches
roundifh, bead-like. Huds. 600.

R. fyn. 2.3, at p. 60, cop. in Dill. 7. 40. — fDill. 6. 38, is
C. rubra.)

lateral, fitting, roundifh, cluftered. Huds. n. 33. —
A very elegant plant. Adheres to ftones, or to fmall Fuci. Spread-
ing, varioufly branched; globules exadlly fpherical, gradually fmal-
ler towards the ends of the branches ; gelatinous, flippery, pellucid,
red, or red purple. Dill.^ — Often attached to other fea plants.
Branches not in any apparently regular order, but throwing out ra-
mifications of an equal fize, fo that it is not eafy to trace out any
primary ftem. It varies in fize, is very much branched towards the
extremities, which terminate in forks. The fepta of the joints
towards the fummit of the branches are deeply tinged with red,
and appear beautiful. Joints fwollen in the lower part of the ftem.
Major Velley.

On the SuHex coaft between Bracklefham and Cockbunr, and in
the Ifle of Man. Dill. A. May — Odl.

j3 Threads finpr; joints hardly protuberating. Lightf. 995.

CON-

27

A L G iE. Conferva.

CONFER 'V A dtaph'ana. Threads jointed, very dotted
much branched. Branches forked, like forceps at the end;
the partitions very red; the joints femi-tranfparent.

Lightf. 996.

FI. dan. 951.

The whole plant feems to the naked eye to confifl: only of a
branched feries of fmall red dots. Lightf. 996.

Rocky ftones in bafons of water left by the tides, and often adher-
ing to Fucufes. Lightf.

CONFER'VA pellu'cida. Threads jointed, very pellucid
much branched. Branches oppofite. • Joints cylindrical,
very long. Huds. 601.

Threads nearly 6 inches long, fhining, tranfparent, greenilh
piurple. Branches moftly 3-forked, joints equal, Huns. n. 34.

Rocks and ftones in the fea on the coaft of Devonlhire, Cornwall,

Hamplhire, and Suflex. A. May — Odl.

CONFER'VA va^abun'da. Threads jointed, wind- fpreading
ing ; branches and divifions of the branches rather fhort.

Linn. — Threads jointed, very much branched. Little
branches very fliort, horizontal. Huns. 601.

Di7/. 5. 32.

Very much branched, the ultimate branches dividing into ex-
tremely minute divifions and fub-divifions ; pale green ; joints fo
fmall tovvards the extremities as hardly to be feen with a common
eye-glafs. Dill. — Not rooted. Linn. /wee. «. 1177. — Jomfi hardly
rifible to the naked eye, efpecially in the finer branches.

Salt water marfhes and ditches. A. April — Oft.

CONFER'VA rupeptris. Threads jointed, very rock
much branched, green. Linn. — Branches and little
branches rather fhort, crowded. Huds. 601.

FI. dan. 948. — Dill. 5. 29. — Pluk. 1 82. 6.

Interfeftions of the joints hardly vifible to the naked eye, Ray
fyn. 60. n. 1 9.

Rocks and ftones in the fea, plentifully. P. Jan. — Dec.

Q Hods. n. 36.

Dill. 5. 28.

Two or three inches long, dull green ; threads fo fine as to require
an eye-glafe to obferve the joints. Divifions principally towards the
ends, which terminate iri fhort and extremely flender hairs. Dill.

On the keels of boats at Godftow. Bobart m Dill. •i'j.

272

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Jilky CONFER 'VA feric'ea. Threads jointed, very much
branched, pretty long; green. Little branches crowded,
very fine, Huds. 601.

Dill. 5. 33. — FI. dan. 651. r.

Four to 8 inches high, divided into very numerous, crowded ftiort
branches, fine green in frefh, pale green in fea water. Dill.

Rocks and ftones in the fea. Ifle of Shepey. In the New River
near London, and Hounflow Heath. P. Jan. Dec.

dujler CONFER'VA glomera'ta. Threads jointed, little
branches rather fliort, with many clefts. Linn. — Threads
very much branched. Little branches very fhort,
Huds. 602.

Dill. 5. 31. — H. ox. XV. 4. roa!;3. 2.—Tl.dan. 651. 2.— Park.
1261. I. — ('Dill. 5. 28. 29, in jyjt.pl. is an error of Reicfiard's.J
From 4 to 12 inches long, or more ; green. Branches numerous,
divided and fub-divided, the mid-rib ftill thicker than the other
parts, but the extremities ending in numerous, hair-like, fhort, and
very fine divifions, fo as to have a bufhy appearance. Dill.

Brooks and fprings. A. April— Odl.

tawny CONFER'VA ful'va. Threads jointed, branched.
Branches and leffer branches very fhort, tawny. Huds,
602.

On ftones and Fucufes on the Yorkfhire coaft. A. May — Sept.

dark CONFER'VA nigrej'cens. Threads jointed, very
much branched. Branches very long. Leffer branches
fomewhat bundled, very fliort, awl-lhaped. Huds. 602.

• Threads 6 inches long-, forming a turf, of a flight tinge of blackifh
hue, black when dry, fmooth. Branches alternate. Huns. n. 4a
Rocks and ftones in the lea. Near St. Ive’s, Cornwall, and Ex-
mouth, Devonfh ire. P. Jan.— Dec.

hrown C O N F E R'V A JuJ'ca. Threads jointed, very
much branched. Little branches alternate, undivided,
Huds. 603.

Threads 3 to 4 inches long, blackifh brown or reddifh ; fmooth.
Branches alternate, long. Little branches fhort, diftant. Frutiijicadons
terndinating and lateral, fitting, fmall, roundifh, cluftered.
Huds. n. 41.

Stones and rocks in the fea. A. June — Ocft.

CON-

A L G M. Conferva.

273

CONFER'VA fucoi'des. Threads jointed, very fucus
much branched. Leffer branches with many clefts, the
lowermoft bundled, bearing fruit. Huds. 603.

Threads a foot long, fmooth, of a blackifti reddifti hue. Branches
alternate ; Uttle branches fomewhat forked. Frublifcations terminat-
ing, radiated, fmall. Huds. n. 42.

Rocb, ftones, and fucufes in the fea. P. Jan. — Dec.

CONF ER'V A mV/oya. Threads jointed, branched, hairy
Joints woolly. Branches moftly undivided, diftant.

Huds. 603.

Threads 6 inches long, green, femi-tranfparent. Branches long,
briftle-lhaped ; joints woolly, or befet with very ihort very fine little
branches in whorls. Hods. 603.

Stones and rocks in the fea, Cornwall, but rather rare.

A. May — Sept.

CONFER'VA coccln'ea. Huds. — Threads jointed, Jcarlet
very much branched, compreffed. Branches more than
doubly compound, alternately winged. Fru6lifications
on diftinft plants. Lightf. 996. — Threads branched.

Branches alternate, doubly winged ; fegments with many
clefts. Huds. 603.

Ellis in Phil. TranJ. vol. 57. pi. 1 8. c. C. d. D. — PluL 48. 2.

— f Ellis ib. is clearly a diJlinSt /pecks. J

From 3 to 6 inches high, bright red, or purple. Conical like a
fir tree in its general fhape. Chives and capfules on diftincft plants ;
the former growing on Ihort pedicles fixed to the minute fegments
of the branches; the latter fitting, egg-lhaped, on the fides of the
extreme ramifications.

Rocks, ftones, and Fuci in the fea. P. Jan. — Dec.

CONFER'VA penna'ta. Threads jointed, branched, pinnated
Branches crowded, trebly winged, fegments awl-lhaped.

Huds. 604.

Bufhy like the tail of a fox. Rav fyn. 59.

Stones and rocks in the fea, between Dover and Margate, and the
Ifle of Walney, Lancafhire. • P. Jan. — Dec.

CONFER'VA parafit'ica. Threads jointed, branch- feathered
ed. Branches doubly winged. Huds. 604.

Threads an inch long, brown. Branches nearly an inch long;
little wings pointed. Huds. n. 47.

Oa

274

CRYPTOGAMIA.

On Fucufes on the coafts of Yorkfhire, Cornwall, and Dorfetfhire.
conamon.

Moor-ball . CONFER'VA aga^ro'pila. Threads jointed, very
much branched. Branches extremely crowded, proceed-
ing from a center and forming a round ball. —

Green; of the fize of a walnut, exadlly fpherical, loofe, not ad-
hering to ftones. Threads knotted, green, the knots brown, growing
as clofe as the balls found in the ftomachs of animals, no folid body
in the center from whence they might be fuppofed to {hoot. Linn.
fuec.n.ii6g. — Bright green, in bails of an irregularly fpherical
figure, from li to 3 inches diameter, and from their external to the
internal furface about j; inch, mofl compadl neareft the furface,
covered on the outfide with fhort villi. Watson in Phil. Tranf. vol.
47- P- 499-

In mountainous lakes. Wallingfen Moor, Yorkfhire. In a lake
12 miles weft of Hull, the water of which is fometimes rendered a
little bracldfh at high tides from the Humber with which it commu-
nicates. In many places the bottom of the lake is covered with
thefe balls like a pavement, and many are left dry on the Ihores
every fummer. Mr. Dixon in Ph. Tranf. ib. — [In a large pool called
the White Sich, on a common between Shiffnall and Newport,
Shropfhire. With.] P.-Jan.— Dec.

1324. B Y S'S U S.

Fibres fimple; uniform ; like foft wool, or duff.

Ess. Char. Confjling of an exceedingly fimple down 07:
powder.

* Thread-like.

paper BY S' SU S Flos-a' qua. Threads feathered, fwimming
upon vvater. —

In the middle ot fummer it rifes and mixes with the water which
in confequence becomes green ifh and turbid, hardly drinkable for
fcveral days, but every night it fubfides towards the bottom. Ber-
Gius in Linn. fuec. n. 1 182. — Weis fays it is only a matter formed
of the particles of aquatic plants diflblved by putrefaAion, which
Ixiing light rife to the furface of the water. — But I have reafon to
believe that it will prove to be a Conferva, perhaps the C. bulbofa.
Obferving a pond in the ftate of flowering, as the country people
term it, I examined fome of the water, but the particles floating in

it

A L G ByfTus. 275

it were fo minute that even with the affiftance of a very good mlcro-
fcope, I could not fatisfy myfelf as to their figure or ftrudlure.

Two or 3 weeks later in the fpring I found threads, not jointed, not
branched, either ftraight or coiled up like a cork-ferew. Some of
this water kept in a glafs jar, after 2 or 3 weeks more let its contents
fubfide, and then it began to appear like a Conferva. The threads
foon became much larger, have now a jointed appearance, but at
the time of writing this are ftill too young to throw Out branches.

With.

Stagnant waters. A. May — Aug.

B Y S'S U S phofpho'rea. Downy, violet coloured, violet
growing on wood. —

Mich, go. 3. — Dill. i. 6. — Mtch. go. 8.

Colour vivid, very beautiful and delicate, much finer than the
fineft wool. With.

On the bark of trees and rotting wood. A. OA. — May.

B Y S'S U S arugino'fa. Weis 18. — Threads limple, verdigris
very fine, of a verdigris colour. Huds. 605.

Dill 1.7.

Confifts of an extremely fine woolly fubftance cohering together,
but fo fine that it is not eafy to diftinguifh the fibres. Dill. — Its
colour diflinguifhes it. Forms an extremely thin cruft, confiding
of powdery filaments extremely minute, colleAed into little heaps.

Weis. . ,

On theftems of dead fern, Cole in Dill. — and rotterl wood.

Huds. — [On the pillars in Roflin Chapel, near Edinburgh. It had
not been found before, fince the timeofDilienius. Dr. J. E. Smith.]

A. Aug. — April.

B Y S'S U S veluti'na. Hair-like; green. Threads velvet
branched. —

Mich. 8g. 5. — Dill. 1. 14. — ('FI. dan. 718. 2, is /aid in the index to
be (his plant, but in faje. xii. p. 8, it is characierijed as being very
white.)

Spread upon the ground like a fine green carpet. Confifts of
filaments fo fine as not to be diftinguifhed by the naked eye,
crowded and matted together, branched and not branched, extremely
fhort but moftly upright like the pile of velvet. Dill.

On the ground in the fhade-, and the moift bark of trees.

A. OA. — ^June.

BYS'SUS

276

CRYPTOGAMIA.

purple B Y S ' S U S purpu'rea. Purple, hair-like, perennial-
Lightf. 1000. — Threads fimple, and branching, red,
Huds. 605.

Mich. 90. 2.

Very like a piece of crimfon plufh or velvet. Perhaps only a
variety of B. Jolithus, and when moiftened yields a violet feent like
that. Lightfoot.

ByJJus rubra. Huds.

Stones and rocks, efpecially on fuch as are near the fea.

P. Jan. — Dec,

blackthreaded BYS'SUS ni'gra. Threads powdery, branched, black,

Huds. 606. Lightf. 1003.

Dill. I. 18. — Mich. 90. 5, cop. in Gkd. i. 1, Byjfus 2.

Threads fhort, very black, crowded together. Dill.

Rocks and larger ftones in the North of England and Wales.

P. Jan. — Dec,

golden BY S'SU S au'rea. Hair-like; powdery, Fru6lifica-
tions fcattered. Threads fimple and branched, Linn. —
and powdery. Huds*. 606.

Dill. I. 16. — Mich. 8g. 2, cop. in Gled. i. Byffus f. i.- — FI. dan.
718. I. — Pet.gaz. 15. 3.

Grows in raifed tufts. Thredds very fine, very fhort, branched
' or entire, foft, crowded and matted together like a fleece ; faffron
coloured, changing to greyifh when dry. Dill.

On the fides of caverns. P. Jan. Dec.

tawny B Y S'SUS fuHva, Threads branched, tawny. Huds.
606. Lightf. 1002.

Dill. I. 17.

, Threads ftiffer and longer thari in B. aurea, more fibrous, more

fcattered, retaining its colour when dry. Dill.

Moiftifh rotting wood, and tubs ufed to catch rain water.

P. Jan. — Dec.

faffron BYS'SIJS barba'ta. Threads nearly upright, the ends
branched, nearly of a length, tawny. Huds. 606.

Dill. 1 . 1 9. Mick. go. I . — fPluk. 1 8^. i o, is regarded hy Dill, as
ajpecies o/Hydnum, figured by Buxb. i. 56. 2.J

When young yellow, fhort, denfely compaefted, fpreading wide,
refembling a fleece of wool. When older it attains the height of 2
inches, grows upright, but clofely crowded together, the top of each
fliajnent dividing into numerous veiy line fibres fo as to appear

downy.

A L G iE, Byffus.

downy. It is then tawny or faffron coloured. The growth of each
year is marked by a tranfverfe line. Dill.

Rotten wood and rotten trunks of trees- A. Jan. — Dec.

BYS'SUS can'dida. Threads very much branched, white
Little branches bundled, whitifli. Huns. 607. Light-
foot 1003.

Dill. I. 15. — R- Jyn. 23, at p. 477.

Subllance tender, woolly, clofely prelled to the furface on which
it grows ; white, or livid, or yellowifh. From a broadilh woolly
and mucilaginous bafe arife many flender branches, fpreading more
in width than in height; elegantly divided and fub-divided, the
extremities ending In capillary fibres or an expanded furface. Dill.

On rotten leaves, rotten wood, and half rotten leather.

A. Sept. — April.

B Y S'S U S fep'tica. Hair-like, verv foft, parallel, flaky
very brittle, pale. Linn.— Threads very long, very fine,
branching^ matted. Huns. 607.

Dill. 1 . 9- — Mich. 89. g.

Threads like cotton, finer than thofe of a cobweb, grey white, not
vifeid; burnsjike touchwood. Linn. — So tender and light that the
breath will dlfperfe it, pure white, like very fine wool, threads not
branched; when handled feems to diflblve into water from the
moifture affixed to it. Though fo very tender it remains long In
its native fituation. Dill. — It grows moft luxuriantly on bins and
wooden fhelves in cellars where wine has been fpilt, hanging down
in form of a jelly bag, or of a cylinder with a globe at the end, to
the length of a foot or more. It is eafily crulhed, and then feems
principally to confift of water, adhering to the fingers. With.

Damp cellars and vaults. May Dec.

DilTolves and deftroys the hardeft wood. Linn.

0 Huds. — Dill. I. 12.

Pale yellowifh or reddifh, changing to glaucous green, tjien red
brown and at length blackifh, in colour, fubftance and ^foftnefs
fomewhat refembling the fkin of a moufe. At firft it is flat, but one
layer growing upon another. It is gradual ly raifed. It confifts of
fibres, too fine to be obferved by the naked eye, at firft upright, after-
wards matted together. It generally grows in a circular form. Dill.

Onwinecalfe. BYS'SUS

• MIcheli, cited by Linnicus, and Hudfon, and Dillenius, referred to by
Hudfon, deferibe them as not branched. Hudfon gives two fynonyms
Ray. The firft appears to be the plant of Mich, and Dill, the fecond, *
• is defrribed as ranwjijmus feems to be what fell under Mr. Hudfor.’s immediate
infprrtion. Mr. WoobsvaRD,

277

278

CRYPTOGAMIA.

brljle B Y S ' S U S crypta'rum. Hair-like ; perennial ; afli-

coloured ; tough. —

Dill. I. 20.

Threads^ inch long, thick as a hair, dirty white, brittle, not
branched, crwvded, diverging from a centre. Dill^

On the fides of caverns in llmeftone rocks, and on plaiftered wails
in vaults. p. Jan.— Dec.

* * Powdery.

black-powder B Y S'S U S antlqulta'tls. Powdery; black. —

Hoffm,enum.^. 5, right hand half. — (Dill. i. 18, cited in Linn*^
mant. 510, is B. nigra, as is the B. antiguitatis of Weis.J

Black, refembling irregular dots of ink made with a pen, folitary
or confluent, very black when wet, greyifh black when dry. When
magnified they appear like ill-formed warts, crowded togetlier.
Hoffman.

Old walls, rocks, and large ftones, common. P. Jan.— Dec.

Jlone B Y S'S \J S faxat'Uis. Powdery; afli-coloured ; co-‘
vering the furface of rocks. —

It will grow upon the bareft rocks and ftones.— Hoffman thinks
this differs from the preceding in age only. It is found on rocks
and ftones of every kind which have been long expofed to the air,
giving them a greylfli colour through the whole year, but in itfelf fo
minute as to be hardly diftinguiftiable. Linn.

Limeftone rocks and ftones in Weftmoreland, Cumberland,
Yorkfhire, and Defbyfhire. p, j^^^

red BY S ' S U S jfo'litkus. Powdery, blood-coloured,
growing on Hones. —

Mich. 8g. 3. — FI. dan. 899. i.

fheads nearly conical, on a very thin, mealy, fafffon-coloured
cruft, which when rubbed ftains the hands of a faffron-colour. It
has a very ftrong fcent of violets, efpecially after rain. Linn. /arc. n.
^7^-~^ru[l very red when young, when old, yellowifh green.
Threads in its young ftate hardly difcernible. Haller.

Rocks and ftones of quartz in moift fhady places. P. Jan. — Dec.

green BYS'SUS botryoi'des. Powdery; green.—

Hojj'm. enum. i. 2.— DHL i. 5.— FI. dan. 899. 3.

Confifts of dark green globules crowded together, the fize of
tobacco feed, appearing fomewhat gelatinous in the microfcope.
Di LL.— -Covering the earth, or ftones with an intenfe green colour,
often w ith acaft of yellow, cracking when dry into irregular polygons,
(^lobules vW-cn magnified, femi-pcilucid, fprinklcd with a yellowifli

powder.

279

A L G JE. Byffus.

powder. When old, the whole cruft changes to a mde gelatinous
mafs. Hoffman, enum. 6.

Bark of trees, on walls, and on moift and Ihady ground.

P. Jan. — Dec.

BYS'SUS candela! ris. Powdery; yellow; growing yellow
upon wood. —

I. 4. — Dill. i. 4. — FI. dan. 8gg. 2.

Forming a very thin and wide fpreading coat on the fubftances on
which it grows ; yellow or brim ftone coloured ; on rocks thicker '
and of a lemon colour. The microfeope fhews it to confift of
roundifh or oval globules, Angle or in clufters, fomewhat hairy,
falling into a very fine deep yellow powder. Its colour foraetimes
changes to tawny or greenifh. Hoffman enum. 3. — It has been
obferv’ed to continue on the fame fpot, and apparently in the fame
ftate, for fe\'cral years.

Old pales, bark of trees, rocks, and walls. In all parts of the
world. A. Sept.— June.

BYS'SUS inca'na Powdery ; hoary, like fcattered mealy
meal. —

Dill. I. 3. — Hoffman, enum. 1. 6.

It has the appearance of a very fmall cruftaceous Lichen. Linn.

Juec. n. 1 1 88. — Even through an eye-glafs it appears only as a fhape-
lefs powder of a greyifh white colour, fometlme^ intermixed with
green and yellow. Dill. — When magnified it appears- to confift of
particles of different figures, egg-fhaped, oblong, compreffed, open
at the top, pouring out a reddilh powder. From thefe arife other
larger particles, folded at the margin, fending out numerous oblong
corpufcles, rifing up and fpreading, turned back at the edge and
throwing out a yellow meal. Hoffm. enum. 8.

Gravelly foil on the fides of ditches, near high roads, on decayed
mofs and wet trunks of trees in very fhady fituations. A.Odl. — ^June.

BYS'SUS lac' tea. Between powdery and cruftaceous ; white-wajh
very white. —

Hoffm. enum. i . 3- — Dill. 1 . 2. — FI. dan. 840. 4.

Very nearly allied to LicAew coraZ-Zmar. HuDs.ii. 19. — Follows the
figure of the plants on which it grows, giving them the appearance
of having been white-walhed. Dill — Cruft thin, white, brittle,
when on mofs; thick, foft, mealy, when on bark. Under the
microfeope appears to confift of heaps of fpherical globules flicking
together, of a greyifh colour, and dufted with a white powder;

When wet. It is often greenifh, and when rubbed between the
lingers has an uiipleafant fmell. Hoffman enum. 7.

On

28o

CRYPTOGAM I A.

On old decayed moffes and fmall branches of heath. Wales and
North of, England and Scotland. P, Jan. Dec.

F U N ' G I. Funguffes.

MERU'LIUS. (Haller.)

Ess. Char. Pileus with giHs or veins underneath, of the
fame fubftance with the reft of the plant.*

* With a Jlem.

fmdery * MERU'LIUS purpu'reus. Stem funnel-fhaped,
hollow, e.xpanding at the top like a hollow pileus. Gill-
like veins branched, purple. —

FI dan, 384. — Schteff. 165. 166. — Bolt. 103. — Bull. 150.

— Vdill. xiii. 2. 3.

Plant hollow, gradually enlarging upwards, greatly expanded at
the top; border fcolloped, turned back, 2 to 3 inches high, 1^ dia-
meter at the top. Inner /wT/ace dark dirty brown, fmooth like vel-
lum. Outer Surface decorated with rifing branchy veins, covered
with a bloomy down or powder. Subftance tough and elaftic. Bolt.

. Peziza cornucopioides. Bolton. Bulliard. Oeder. — ^Elvela
^ cornucopia. Schaeffer.

Grows tingle or in clufters, in dry woods.

funnel Jhaped * M E R U'L I U S infundibuUfor'mts. (Bolt.) — Stem

funnel-lhaped, hollow, expanding at the top like a hol-
low pileus. Gill-like veins branched, filvery grey. —

Bolt. 34. — Bull. 208. 465. 2, differ but little. — fjSfot Bull. 473, nor
Battar. 23. c. — Vaill. xi. 10, is M. Cantharellus.J

Stem about 2 inches from the root to the gills often flatted, or
fluted ; hollow quite from the root, and running infenfibly into the
pileus, as the tube of a Convolvulus does into its border. Gills
branched like nerves, of the fame fubftance with the plant. The
whole plant is tough, elaftic, of a greyifh moufe-colour. Bolt.

Ag. infundi buliformis. Bolt. — Ag. cornucopioidcs. Bulliard.

In Lee-bank-Shroggs near Halifax, and feveral other places.
Bolt. Oeftober, 17S6.

* Gills thielc. not different from the fubftance of the plant. Linn.

* M ,E R U -

FUNGI. Merulius. 281

*MERU'LItJS cornucoptoi'des, (Bolt.) — Stem cornucopia
twifted. Pileus lobed. Gills decurrent, diftant, 3 or 4
in a fet. —

Bolt. 8. CNot Schaff. g, nor yet 243, though that fiems to be a Merulius.

Not Baltar. 18. H. nor 20. B.)

About 5 or 6 inches high ; Items 4 or 5 from the fame root, near
§ inch diameter. Tilats 3 inches over, thin, tough, fplit into feg-
ments, W'aved and curled at the edge. The whole pUint tough,,
elaftic, leathery, of a dead buffy brown or cinnamon colour. Bolt.

Mr. Bulliard has figured what he has called Agaricus cornucO'
pioides, fee pi. 208, different from the aboVe thdttgh of a dead
brown colour, but the gills are branched, and the liollow of the
pileus extends down to the root, fo that there is properly no ftem,
or if you had rather, fay no pileus, the expanlion of the hollow
ftem at its top fupplying the place of a pileus, and bearing the
Gill-like veins on its outer fide. This plant feems decidedly a
Merulius.

Shady woods about Halifax, not plentiful. In a little wood near
Brakenbed farm, in Ovenden. Sept. 3d, 1 787.

* MERU'LIUS fqttam'ula. Stem briftle-lhaped, minute.
Pileus whitilh, gently convex. Gills a few plaits. —

Batfck. 84.

-Stem reddifh brown, flender as a briftle, very tender. Pileus
dirty yellow white, gently convex. Gills a few imperfeeft plaits.

Hardly i-ioth of an inch in height, and flender in proportion*

Batsch.

Found by Batfch in the Autumn, affixed to a dead leaf of the
Poplar. Communicated to me by Mr. Relhan, who found it in
Madingly Wood.

MERU'LIUS Canfharel'lus. Stem folid, often Chanterelle
compreffed. Gills decurrent, branched. — ^anaftomofing*

Bull. 62. — Bolt. C2. — Batfch 120. — Schceff. 82 — 206. — J. B. ill.

832. — FI. dan. 264. — Vail. xi. g. 10. ii. 14. 15. — Battar. 14.

A. B. C. — Batfch. ^y.—Ger. 1384. 2, — Tra^. 940. — Qluf. ii.

270. 2, the bottom of the page.

Gills decurrent, fiefhy, branched, anaftomofing. Subftance the
fame as that of the ftem and the pileus ; very different from
the gills of Agarics. In the microfeope they apjxiar covered
with very minute granulated particles.

Pileus concave, curled at the edge, often very irregular* 1 to 3 ^
inches over. Flefh fpongy, whj^tilh.

Vol. HI.

T

Stem

282

CRYPTOGAMIA

Stem folid, tapering downwards, often comprefied, and then rarely
central; i to 2 inches high, -J- to ^ of an inch in diameter.

Obs. Whole plant yellow as the yolk of an egg. It does not fbon
rot and decay as the Agarics do, nor is it much liable to the attacks
of infedls. It is very apt to be fportive and monftrous in its growth,
as may be feen in the following figures, Batfch 34, fan-fhaped, Vaill.
12. 13, very much curled, &c.

H/eaj turban-fhaped, flattifh, edge moftly bent in. Gills deep
yellow, fhort, naked. Linn. — Colour moftly pale yellow, fome-
times deep yfellow and even fafffon coloured. Ray fyn. 2..n. 5. — It
is remarkable that this plant, which univerfally takes the lead in the
genus Agaricus, moft certainly does not belong to that genus; hav-
ing no regular gills, but only projedbing veins varioufly branched
and anaftomofing, but of the fame fubftance as the pileus ; they
much^refemble the veins of the Peziza cornucopioides and P. aceta-
bulum. The mode in which this plant difcharges its feed does not
appear to be known. It fcems to approach nearer to an Helvella
than to an Agaric. Perhaps this plant, the Ag. infundibuliformis of
Bolton, (which feems to be Ag. cornucopioides of Bulliard,) Ag.
candidus of Hudfon, and the 2 Pezizas above-mentioned, ought to
form a new genus. Mr. Woodward. — Pileus hollow, undulated and
fringed at the edge ; ftem fhort, folid ; gills thick, branching. It is
remarkable in every refpedt ; its bright yellow colour, venofe gills,
and particularly for its grateful fmell, like ripe Apricots, which it pre-
ferves in decay. Mr. Stackhouse. — The reticulation of the gills
not reprefented in SchasfF. 82 and 206, to which plates our authors
refer. Major Velley. — Let me obferve here once for ail, that the
plates of Schaeffer feldom give an accurate reprefcntation of the gills.

Agaricus CanlhareUus. Linn.

[Earfham Wood, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. — Woolhope Woods,
and Coplar Hill, Herefordfhire. Mr. Stackhouse. — Single or iu
elufters; Red Rock plantation and on the South-weft fide of the
large pool, Edgbafton, in dry foil towards the outfide of the woods
qr where the trees are thin.] July — Sept.

Var. I. Gills branched, but not anaftomofing. Pileus nearly flat.

• Bull. 505. 1 . — Batjch 3,7.

Grows with the preceding. The whole plant more regular, in the
growth. Mr. Bulliard has figured another variety with a black ftem,
pi. 505,. f. 2, but I have not yet heard of its being found here.

The lovers of Mufhrooms may eat this with fafety, but it is more
tough and lefs highly flavoured than either the Ag. orcades, or Ag.
campeftiis.

trumpet *MERU'LIUS tuhafor'mis. Stem cylindrical.
Pileus funnel-lhaped, —

Bolt,

FUNGI. Merulius.

283

Bolt. 106.

, Stem cylindrieal, i itich high, thicknefs of a pin, yellow. Piletis
funnel-fhaped, yellow, i-ioth to i*8th of an inch over. Feins but
little branched. Mr. Bolton fays fo little about this in his deferip-
tion, that I have been obliged to give the preceding circumftances
chiefly from his figures, but the appearance of the middlemoft of
the larger drawings makes me doubtful, whether what I have taken
for veins, be not only Intended as fliading. If fo, the plant is
really a Peziza.

Pezizatuba. Bolton.

Moifl places, and near rills of water, fixed to the putrid ftems of
decayed plants.

M ERU'LIU S Stem lateral, thick, fliort. mofs ■

Pileus femi-circular, pale brown. Gills branched. —

Bull. 288, and 498. 1.

Stem folid, pale brown, tapering downwards, near f of an inch
high, and about half as thick.

Pile us nearly fetni-circular, fmooth, pale grey brown, hollowed
and uneven, fometimes marked with concentric lines, f an
inch over.

Gills or Veins, branched, anaftomofing, rcfembling thofe of the
M. comucopioides.

Ag. mufeigenus. Bulliard 288. — Helvella dmidiata. ib. 498. 2."-^ee
M. membranaceus.

This plant is found in great glenty in the months of Auguft and
September, growing on the Hypnum fcrlceum, and I never found
it on any other Mofs. Bulliar D.

** Without a Jim.

MERU'LIUS caryophylla^us. Sitting, concave, clove
Ihaggy, fcolloped and waved at the edge. Veins on the
under fide branched. —

Sch^. 325. — BoU. 173. — Batjeh. 121.

Upper furface, flocky or fhaggy, dark clove colour, marked with
concentric lines of a darker fhade; border curled and fcolloped, the
edge fringed. Under fide paler, veins branched ; feems dufted over
with a brown bloom, or down. Subftance foft, tough, foon turn-
ing black and perilhing; i to if inch over. Bolton.

Helvella caryophyllaea. Dickson. — ^Elvela caryophyllxa. Sch/EFF.

— Ag. triftis. Batsch.

On the ground, in pine plantations near Bungay, Suflfolk. Mr.
Woodward.

T*

ME-

284

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Jkinny MERU'LIUS membrane! ceus. Sitting, membra-
naceous, fmooth, lobed, curled at the edge ; veins on
the under fide branched. —

Bolt. 177. — Bull. 498. r.

Root longifh, flender, fibrous. Plant f to i inch over ; flat, thin,
flexible, tough, red brown above, yellow brown beneath; veins
branched, and anaftomofing. Lobes broad, deep. Bolton.

Helvella membranacea, of Mr. Dickfon, who refers to AAa
danica, i. p. 286. f. i, a work not within my reach, but in his fecond
fafciculus he cites Bulliard pi. 28B, which has a thick lateral ftem,
fufficiently long in proportion to the fize of the plant, but Mr.
Dickfon has deferibed his plant as being without a ftem; I fhould
therefore fuppofe that his and Mr. Bolton’s plant cited above are the
fame, and that Mr. Bulliard’s, pi. 288, is a different fpecics.
Helvella retiruga. Bulliard.

Mofiy foil ; thatched houfes ; bogs.

1325. AG A'RICUS.

Ess. Char. PiLEuswith gills underneath.

Gills differing in fubftance from the reft of the plant;

compofed of two lamina.

Seeds in the gills.

A. Stems central.

* Gills white.

black^Jlalked * AGA'RlCUS androfa'ceus, (Linn.) — Gills white,
few, 2 (or 4?) in a fet. Pileus white, convex, center
dimpled. Stem fufeous, fhining. — Ag. ftipitatus, albus,
pileo plicato membranaceo, ftipite nigro. Linn.

Vdll. xi. 2t. 21. 22. 23. — (Bocc. muf. 143. t. 104; is aljo quoted
by Linrusus.)

Gills extremely thin. Pileus membranaceous, plaited. Stem black,
very flender. Linn.- — ^Vaillant obferves that his figures reprefent the
largeft fized fpecimens ; that the gills are few, white, very diftant
from one another ; the pileus white, and fo thin that the gills feem to
pafs through it ; the .Jlems folid, fmooth, rather Ihining, dark-co-
ioured. Vaill. par. p. 6g. — Gills few. Pileus not larger than a lentil,
thin, white, brownifh at the top. Stem dark red, or blackifh, thin,
bn inch in length. Scop. n. 1570.

• This mark is prefixed to fuch fpccies aufl varieties as hatT not fallen
under my own obfervation.

On

AGARICUS. Solid and Dccurrent. 2^,5

On the fallen leaves of fines. Ljnn.

The exiftence of this as a Britifh fpecies is not yet fufficiently
clear, as it feems our authors have very generally taken the fpecies
which I have called Ag. collariatus, for this plant of Linnaeus ; nor
could they well dd otherwife when inattentive to the ftrudlure ; for
the fize, the dark ftem, and the thin white pileus, occafion a very
ftriking refemblance ; but the ftnx(9;ure tells us that they arc very
different. In the Linnaean plant the gills are fixed to the ftem, ex-
tending down it, and the ftem is folid ; but in ours, the ftem is
hollow, and the gills are not even in contadl with it, but fixed to a
collar which furrounds its top, though at fome diftance from it.

i

AGA'RICUS ehur'neus, (Bolt.) — Gills white, ivory
few, verylhort, in pairs, Pileus white, convex. Stem
white, cylindrical. —

Bull. 1 1 8. — Bolt. 4, the lower fgures.-r-Mich. 73. 6.

Gills white, decurrent, not numerous, in pairs.

Pileus white, fmooth, from ^ to ip inch diameter, or more, con-
vex, or a little conical, edges turning up when old. —

Stem folid, white, from ^ to inch high, from the thicknefs of a
fmall crow to that of a fwan’s ^ill.

This Agaric varies very much in its fize, but it has in every ftate '
the appearance and the feel of ivory. In damp weather radher vifeid,
and in wet feafons femi-tranfparent.

Amopgft fhort grafs; often near trees, Edgbafton. OA,

AGA'RICUS cyalhifor'mist (Bull,) — Gills white, drinking gj a f;
4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus white ; glafs-fhaped. Stem white,
nearly cylindrical* —

Bull. 248, A-^BoU. ly.Schceff. 207, ill coloured r /. 3, the
— ib. 39, more fiejhy thcpi our Jpecimens. ~

Gills white, narrow, very decurrent; 4 in a fet in the younger,
but 8 in the older fpecimens, from the greater extenfion of every
other long one down the ftenri.

Pileus white, fattiny, i to 2 inches over, irregular at its^dge, often
tearing as it expands; flattifh when young, and nqt always
hollow as Bull I ARP fays. Edges are at firft turned down, even
though the central part be much hollowed, but at length they turn
up, the whole plant in that ftate greatly rcfembling a drinking
glafs.

Stem folid, white, 1 to 2 inches high, thick as a fwan’s cjuill, rather
thickeft upwards, feldom quite central.

Pafturcs, Edgbafton. Aug.

Vaii. i. Pileus and fteni buff-colour.

Bull. 248. B,

286

C R Y P T O G A M I A, Fungi.

Pileus without flefh, deeply hollowed. Stem 2-§ inches high.
Woolhope; Beckbury Hill, Hetefordfliire, not uncommon. Aug.
Mr. Stackhouse.

f

funneljliaped AGA'RICUS infundih'ulifor'mis. (Bull.) — Gills
watery f white, pellucid, narrow, 4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus
fuimel-niapad,- brownilh-buff. Stem brownifh-bufF. —

6i.—Sierbeck 15. B. B. very like it, but. the Jkm
too Jhort cold' too thicki ■ u

Gills very decurrenf, w’hlte, numerous, narrow, thin, tender,
brittle, the long ones often forked. . x
Pileus brown buff, thin, pellucid, tender, fmooth, hollow in the
center, convex and turned down at the edge; i|- to 3 inches
oi/er ; in the fmajl plants the edge is even, but in the larger ones
very much plaited or curled.

Stem folid, brown buff, ftriated, difpofed to twift, nearly cylindri-
cal, white within, if to 3-^ inch high, from the thicknefs of a
crow’s to that of a fwan’s quill.

Vide Ag. fimbriatus.

Plantations, Edgbafton, after much rain. July.

« •

thick andjhort AGA'RICUS obe'fus. (Batsch.) — Gills white, greatly
decurfent, branching and inofculating. Pileus white, near-
ly flat. Stem white, very thick, fhort, in verfely conical. —

Baifch. 216. — Schcojf. 307; too much coloured.

Gills white, numerous ; veiy narrow, fo decurrent as to unite the
Pileus and the ffem into one uniform tubftance. In general
there is a fhort and a long Gill alternately, lometimes there are
4 in a fet, but the lone ones hequently divide into tivo as they
approach the edge ot the pileus, and moreover the branches unite
one to ancthe' fo as to form a kind of net-work.

Pileus white, turning brown, fmo(v.Ji, at firft a button, then grow-
ing Hat, at length the edges rifefo as to form a fhallow concavity
at the top, hut the extreme edges ftill turned down. Diameter
if to I finch.

Stem foiid, white, widening fo much upwards as to be nearly equal
to the breadth of the pileus; often flatted ; about if inch high.
Root none but the rounded end of the ffem.

Failures amongft mofs. Edgbafton. Aug. 1790.

* Var . I . Pileus pale dead brown, violet coloured at the edge.

Bolt.

t By white, is meant, that kind of appearance which is given to
white linen or paper by wetting it; the wetting diminithing the intenfity of
the whiienefs. but increafing the Iranfparency. The term will likewife b#
Occafionally uied to exprefs a fimilar effeft on other colours.

287

AGARICUS. Solid and Decurrent.

Bolt. 146.

On flumps of trees, Northowram. Aug. 1791. Bolt.

AGA'RICUS pi(lilla'ris* Gills white, in pairs,
very Ihort. Pileus whitifh, convex. Stem whitifh, conical,

crooked. — ' *

Batjeh 62, (btit a little different in the colonar of the Pileus. )

Gills white, decurrent, in pairs, hardly exceeding the 20th of an
inch in length.

Pileus whitifh, uniformly convex, about i:J of an inch over, the
edges curled inwards towards the ftem.

St EM folid, whitifh, -I inch long and :!• diameter, thickefl at bottom,
bent in one or two diredlions.

I have never found it in any other flate than that juft now deferibed.

Amongft grafs and raofs. Edgbafton. 26th Aug. 1791.

* AGA'RICUS ti'grinus. Gills yellowilh white, 4 tiger
in a fet. Pileus whitilh, fpotted, convex, center depreffed. '

Stem flanting, more or lefs fpotted. —

Btdl. 70.

Varies very much as to the quantity of its fpots. Subftance
leathery. Gills decurrent. Pileus fpotted or rather pencilled with
reddilh brown hairy fcales; 2 inches over. Stem folid j white,
crooked, ihinneft downwards, more or lefs fpotted like the pileus, i
to i^inchhigh, thick as a crow quill. Bolliard. Dickson. 2. p. 24.

On decayed trunks of trees, particularly on the elm. [Powick
near Worcefter. Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.]

*AGA'RICUS ca'Jeus. Gills white, 4 in a fet, cream-.cheefe
Pileus pale moufe, gently convex, edge turned in. Stem
cylindrical, upright. —

Bolt. 40. — Bull. 400, the fame, but more coloured. — Schceff. 78.

Gills decurrent, dead white or yellowilh white, thin, numerous,
dry, 4 in a fet.

Pileus pale moufe, clothy, fmooth, gently convex with the edge
turned in, 3 inches over.

Fkjh dry, brittle, not fibrous, refembles crcam-cheefe.

Stem folid, white, cylindrical, upright, bulbous at the bafe.

This taken from Mr. Bolton, but his trivial name tnoWh, muft
be rejeifted, as it has before been applied to a different fpecics, and
particularly to one of Schaeffer’s, which is alfo a Britifh plant.

Schaeffer’s name (albellus) is alfo pre-occupied by a different fpecics.

FiifeScop. n. 1462.

Dry woods and paftures about Halifax. Mr. Bolton.

* Var.

288

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

*Var. I, Gills fnow white. Stem very large, with a large ring.
Mr. Stackhouse.

Of a very foft and pulpy confidence.

Near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.

Ltjters AGA'RICUS Xijte'ri, Gills whitilh, moftly uni*
form, very numerous and narrow. Pileus white, fmooth,
irregular, flattifli, depreffed in the centre. Stem white,
eccentric, cylindrical. —

Bull. 200. Bolt. 21.

Gills decurrent, white, or yellowilh white, numerous, uniform,
or in pairs, very fine, clofe fct like the teeth of an ivory comb,
not I -loth of an inch broad.

PilEus white, fmooth, irregular, flattifli, but more or lefs deprefi

fed; edge turned down; from 3 to 7 inches over; generally fet

fl oping on the Item.

Stem folid, whitifh, 2 inches high and i in diameter, generally
eccentric, blunt and rounded at the bottom. Sometimes 3 or 4
grow together, very large, even 10 inches diameter, remaining
a long time in dry feafons. Milky juice very biting, with a bit--
terifh tafte.

Haughwood, Capler Hill, Woolhope, Herefordlhire. Specimen
and obfervations from Mr. STACKHbusE.

This, and its varieties, have very generally been fuppofed by
the Englifh botanifts to be the piperaiaj, Linn. -^who led them
Into the error, by quoting Haller and Bauhine for fynonyms to his
piperalus; fynonyms which undoubtedly belong to the fpecies deferib-
ed by Dr. Lifter, but by no means according with the Swcdifli plant.
To avoid perpetuating this confufion, I have rejedfed the triwal
ivdme piperalus, though applied to it by J. Bauhine, who feems firft
to have given a good defeription of it. jf. B. hift. iii. p. 825. cap. 6.
Dr. Lifter feems firft to have found it in England. His defeription,
partly copied from J. Bauhine, may be found in iJoycirf. p. 123,
and alfo in Ray hift. p. 83. c. g. The Dodlor obferves that the juice
IS moftly poured out by the external parts of the plant, that it did
not change the furface of poliflied fteel, that it became green when
dried, buf ftill retaining its acrid biting quality. He obferved too
thatxthe plant was much eatfen by infedts and fnails. Ray fyn. 4. id
Var .1 . Gills connedled by tranfverfe thread?. Pileus' light dmb
colour, veiy vifeid. Stem tapering downwards.

Gills decurrent, white, yellowdfti with age, irregular, much broader
than in the preceding.

^ Pi LEus light brown or drab colour, hollowed in the center, 4 or
mchcs over, ^

Stem

AGARICUS. Solid and Decurrent. 2%

Stem folid, white, inverfely conical, if inch long, i to ^ inch dia-
meter; generally eccentric.

The juice white like milk, hot and acrid, but not properly
peppery.

Under large beech trees, plantations, Edgbafton. 06}:.

Var. 2. Gills yellow white, numerous, and narrow. Pileus white,
oblique.

Ealfar. 1 7. A.—Schceff.^ 8^.—BatJch. 59.

In woods, Woolhope, Herefordlhire. Mr. Stackhouse.

V^R.3. Gills white, Pileus buff, with yellow brown concentric
circles.

Bull. 104.

Gills decurrcnt, white, very numerous, moftly 4 in a fet. Piletii
hollow in the center, edge turned down ; 3 to 4 inches over. Stem
white, tapering downwards, rounded at the end, i to 15 inch high,
and the fame in diameter. Juice milky, abundant, very acrid.

Bulliard. — Gills white, in age turning faintly yellow, Pileus when
young cufhion-fhaped, and the margin rolled in, but even then it
is always deprefled in the center ; furface fomewhat velvety, ftrongly
marked with concentric lines of a fulvous colour. Mr. Woodward.

In groves, or amongft buOies on a clayey foil near Bungay. Mr. >
Woodward.

Befides the above, I fhall introduce to the acquaintance of the
reader feveral other Agarics with milky juice, fome mild, fomc
acrid, which inadvertently, or as it would feem merely from the
refemblance of the juice, have been fuppofed to belong to one or
other of the two la(5l;efcent fpecies of Linnaeus.

AGA'RICUS umbrae' ulum. (Batsch.) — Gills dirty iimlirella
white, 4 in a fet. Pileus cool brown, conical, fcored.

Stem cool brown, cylindrical, cottony at the bottom. —

Batfch. 4.

Gills a little decurrent, dirty white, q^n a fet, not numerous.

Pileus pale brown, conical, fcored, cracking at the edge, but other-
wife tough and ftrong; i inch from the edge to the apex, and as
much in diameter at the bafe.

Stem folid, pale brown, cylindrical, 3J inches high, thick as a thin
goofe quill, covered with a white cottony fubftance at the bafe.

This is an elegant plant, and with us a rare one.

In the hollow of a ftump ; Church Lane, Edgbafton.

25th September, 1791.

AG A'R ICUS a^ref'tis. Gills brownilh white, irregu- thin-edged
lar, but moftly 4 in a fet. Pileus pale brown, darkefl; in the
center, convex. Stem pale brown, fmooth, cylindrical. —

Gills

290

CR\ PTOGAMI A. Fungi.

Gills dccurrent, brownifh white, rather numerous, moftly 4 in a
fet, but the long Gills are fometimes in pairs, and united to-
wards the ftem, in which cafe the fmaller Gills are either
excluded, or elfe they open wide towards the rim, and then fome
fmall ones are irregularly placed between them.

Pile us pale brown, darker in the center, fmooth, very thin; regu-
larly convex, but the edge a little expandine, and extending

rather beyond the Gills, 1 inch over,*

Stem folid, pale brown, cylindrical, fmooth, from 2 to 3 inches
high ;■ thick as a crew quill.

Whole plant watery, and femi-tranfparent in wet weather.

Failures. Edgballon Park. 7th Nov. 1790.

hojfed AGA'RICUS 'umbona'tus. Gills white, 4 in a fet.
ong ones about 17. Pileus brownifli, gently con ve.x,
central bofs dark brown, much elevated. Stem pale
brown, cylindrical, firm, crooked.

Gills a little decurrent, white, brittle, 4 in a fet, long ones about ■
17, extending beyond the edge of the pileus.

Pile us femi-tranfparent, yellowifh brown, with a darker coloured

knob or bofs raifed high in the center; f inch diameter.

Stem folid, femi-tranfparent yellowifh brown, flimy, firm, i-f inch
higli, cylindrical, tliick as a crow quill, crooked.

EdgbaftonPark. ' 7th Nov. 1790.

parchment AGA'RICUS membrana'ceus. (Vahl.)— Gills brown^
ilh white, 4 in a fet, the fhort Gills unufually loner.
Pileus pal^^ chefnut, hollow, but bolfed in the center.
Stem pale brown ; root bulbous.

FI. dan. 1012.

Gills decurrent, broivnilh white, 4 in a fet, the fmaller feries
unulually long.

Pileus pale reddifh brown, glafs-fhaped, but with a fmall rifing in
the center, thin and Ikinny, irregular, with one or more large
notches in the edge, 2 to 5 inches over.

Stem Iblid, fpongy, pale brown, nearly cylindrical, 2 to 4 inches
high, from to inch diameter ; flefh, or rather pith, with
feveral irregular perforations.

Root an oval bulb formed by an enlargement of the ftem.

In fir plantations, Edgbafton. Oc'l. 1790.

hosaed AGARICUS vela'tus. Gillsdirtyw’ateryv'hitc, not nu-
merous, 4 in a fet. Pileus pinky brovim, nearly fiat, edge
turned down. Stem cylindrical, biif}, with brown fcalcs.—

Schreff.

I

AGARICUS. Solid and Decurrent.

Schceff. ^6.

Gills decurxent, brownifh watery white, ftrong and flefhy, not
numerous, four in a fet.

Pile os pale pinky brown, from 2^ to 4 inches over, nearly flat,
but a little bofied in the center, and the edge turned down.
When full grown quite flat, the central projedtion difappearing ;
and when old q ite funnel-fhaped. Surface clammy when wet,
fattiny when dry. Flejk brownifh white.

Curtcuri in the young plants compofed of whitifh cobweb-like,
ftraight threads, ftretched from the ftem over the edge of the
pileus, and leaving a permanent dark-coloured mark on the ftem.
Stem folid, buff, yellow at the top, flecked with brown fcurfy fcales
below, 3 to 4 inches high, i to i inch diameter, nearly cylindri-
cal, feldom quite ftraight.

This plant ought to have retained Schaeffer’s trivial name of gluti-
nofus, as he firft figured and defcribed it, but Mr. Curtis having
given that name to another more common Englifh fpecies, which he
has well figured and defcribed, I thought it better to give this an
entirely new name, and a iTtore expreffive one readily occurred
from the Angular ftrudture of the curtain, which is extended over
the whole of the pileus in its younger ftate, like a veil. Mr. Dickfon,
who firft publifhed this as a Britifh fpecies, referred it to the Ag. U-
TTZoaVtas of Scopoli 1471, but feveral reafons make me doubt of it
being the fame. The doubts of Schaeffer too give further authority
to my opinion ; and Mr. Woodward, who communicated it to Mr.
Dickfon, tells me, on my mentioning this circumftance, that he
always doubted the propriety of that reference.

Ag. limacinus. Dicks, fafc. i. 15.

Fir plantations at Bar, Staffordfhire. Sept. 1791.

* V AR . I . Gills branched.

Schceff. 36. I. 2. 3. 4.

Gills fomewhat decurrent, whitilh, with a mixture of afh-colour,
twice and fometimes oftener branched, fo that the number
counted at the margin is at lead four times the number counted
at the ftem.

Pileus vanes from afh-coloured to brown or yellowifh white.

Curtain at firft clear and tranfparent, referobling a thin blad-
der, entirely covering the pileus and connecfted with the ftem,
on which it leaves a fpurious ring. It remains in fhreds round
the edge of the pileus, and at length entirely difappears. This
curious kind of curtain feems peculiar to this fpecies.

Stem brown, paler upwards, largeft at the bottom.

Pine Groves at Earftiam Broome, and Kirby, Norfolk. Mr.
Woodward.

291

AGA'-

2

C R Y P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

crowded AG A'R I C US cumula'tus. Gills white, 4 in a fet. Pileus
reddilh brown, woolly and tufted. Stem yellow brown or

olive, bulbous at the bafe ; Ring woolly, permanent.

Bolt. i^r. but more of a red cajl than our fpecimens.

— Bolt. 140, in a lefs advanced fate of growth.

Gills decurrent, white; edges reddith brown when the feeds begin
to be difcharged; not very numerous, 4 in a fet, fhorteft feries
very ihort.

PiLKus reddifh brown, darkeft in the center, convex, from 3 to 6
inches over, woolly and tufted, edges turned in, but cracking
with age and turning up. Fl^ fpongy, white, thin.

Stem folid, olive brown bdow, reddilh brown above the ring, with
whitilh llreaks; 4 to 6 inches high, i-gd to ^ inch diameter, fel-
dom ftraight; thickeft downwards, bulbous at the bafe.

Ring permanent, tough, wooUy, yellowilh white, turned down
on the ftem.

^ Should this in its younger ftate appear to be veiled by the curtain
like the preceding, it may rank only as a variety of that, but I have
never found it with-fuch an appearance.

Grove; Edgbafton, on the ftumps of trees which had been cut
down rather below the level of the ground. They grew in prodigious
quantities; in fome places as many together as would have filled
halfabufhel.

Var. I. Gills 4 or 8 in a f^t, by their decurrence ftreaking the
top of the ftem quite down to the ring ; pileus wrinkled or
plaited at the edge.

Fi’ dan. 1013. — Schte f. 74.

This differs very little from the preceding, but from being lefs
crowded in its growth affumes a more perfecft form. By the more
full expanfion of the pjleus fome of the long gills feparate from the
ftem, which caufes the appearance of 8 in a fet in thofe parts;
and indeed in this fpecies the extent of the decurrence of the lon<T
^lls IS very variable. The difcharge of the feeds which tinges the
edges of the gills, the ring, and the top of the ftem of a rich red
brown, feems always to begin in that part of the gill next to the ftem.
In die young and unexpanded plants or buttons the pileus is covered
with a knap or frize of a brown glutinous wool, and the colour is
that of an olive.

Edgbafton lanes, on fandy hedge banks. Odf

eorat

r (Scop.)— Gills whitifli,

Imail, few. Pileus tawny red, convex, fmooth. Steiii
whitifh, Unckeft: in th6 middle, —

Battar. 9. F.—Scop. fubt. 35.

Gills

293

AGAR I CUS. Solid and Decurrent.

Gjlls decurrent, thinly fet?

PiLEUS brownifh, of an inch over.

Stem folid, dirty white, 2 to 3 inches high, i of an inch diameter.

One root fends out feveral ftems, and alfo feveral jagged fub-
ftances, the imperfedt rudiments of other ftems. Scop. Battar*

Dickson fafe. 1. 16.

In hollow trees.

AGA'RICUS verji'color. Gills yellow white, changeable
-changing to dark red brown. Pileus greenilh buff, feurfy,
convex, edge turned in. Stem white, to brown. Ring
permanent. —

Gills decurrent, yellowifti white, changing when old to dark
brown, 2 or 4 in a fet.

Pileus greenilh buff, feurfy, moft fo in the center, convex, becoming
flat with age, but the edge much curled in ; 1 to 4 inches over.

Stem folid, but fpongy, white, changing to brown, thiclceft down-
ward, 2 inches high, thicker than a fwan’s quill. Ring perma-
nent. Root bulbous.

This is a rare fpecies. I found it only once, and then near thq
bridge in Edgbafton Park which goes over the ftream that feeds the
large pool. J'-dy* 1792*

** Gills brown.

AGA'RICUS cajla'neus. Gills yellow brown, 4 in ckefnut
a fet, but often irregular and branched. Pileus concave,
boffed in the center. Stem rich yellow brown. — -

Bolt. 22.

Gills decurrent, rich yellow brown, numerous, 4 in a fet, thofe
of the firft and fecond feries fometimes branched.

Pileus rich yellow brown, clammy when frelh, fattiny when dry,

2 to 7 inches in diameter, concave, but boffed in the center ;
edge turned down, bufwhen large and fully expanded the whole;'
turned up and quite funnel-lhapcd. Fkjh fpongy, ycllowilh
white.

Stem rich yellow brown, cylindrical or tapering, i^ to 3 inches
high, and inch diameter.

GUIs rather paler than the pileus. Stem ycllowifh at the bafe,
the colour of the gills upwards. Mr. Woodward. — Pi/cw vary-
ing from deep chocolate to chefnut ; darkeft in the center, with
fometimes a few fcales. Stem generally tapering.

This is a veiy common fpecies, growing in numerous circular
patches under lhady trees.

Woods near Bath. Powick, Worceflerffiire. Mr. Woodward.

— Hedge banks, Caftle-bjomwich. Mr. Stackhouse. — Pine Grove,

Kirby,

294

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi. .

Kirby, Norfolk. Edgbafton, under Isfrge oaks and beechcsl

Aug. — Dec.

Var. I. Gills 4 to 8 in a fet. Pileus concave, dotted.

Schceff". 252.

Gills decurrent, paler than the ftem, numerous, 2 long gills often
united near the ftem, and then they include only one interme-
diate gill, with a little tooth on each fide.

Pileus from full cinnamon to chefnut, dotted with little pits, the
central part concave, and the edge turning up with age.

Stem folid, brown cinnamon, crooked, thinneft downwards, !■ to 2
inches high and g-Sths diameter.

FI. dan. 1 01 1 , feyathiformisj is by M. Vahl referred to the above
fpecies of Schaeffer, but the Danilh plant is deferibed as having
a woolly pileus, and is figured with a hollow ftem, whereas Schaeffer
cxprefsly fays that his plant has a Jolid ftem.

Paftures, Edgbafton. Odl.

bronze AGA'RICUS r ube f ' cens. {Schmfvkr,) — Gillsreddifli
brown, 8 in a fet. Pileus reddilh brown, with darker
concentric Circles. —

73-

Gills decurrent, reddilh brown, 8 in a fet.

Pileus reddilh brown, marked with concentric circles of a darker
fhade ; in general flat, but hollow in the center, and wvaed and
bent down at the edge, clothy to the touch, to 3 inches dia-
meter; floping.

Stem folid, reddilh, brown, whitifh within, i inch long; nearf
inch diameter, nearly cylindrical, but rather thinner down-
wards, generally excentric.

Juice white like milk, hot and acrid like that of Mezereon or
cuckowpint.

Plantations, and pool dam, Edgbafton. 15th Sept. 1791.

whey AGA'RICUS fero'fus. Gills pale brown, numerous,
4 in a fet. Pileus cinnamon colour, flecked, gently con-
vex but finking in the middle. Stem cinnamon, fmooth,
crooked. Juice like whey. —

Btdl 54, nearly rejembles it, but the pileus docs not fmk in the middle.
Gills a little decurrent, brown, numerous, in fours, regular,
Pileus cinnamon colour, fleckered with darker lhades; gently
convex but a little hollowed in the middle, darkeft in the hollow;
from I to 2 inches diameter.

Stem folid, fmooth, cinnamon coloured, central, crooked, cylin-
drical, 2 inches high, and 3-8ths diameter.

Juice

AGARICUS. , Solid and Decurrent.

Juice dllutely milky, not acrid.
Palhires, Edgbafton.

AGA’RIQVS laSiifluus. (Linn.) — Gills red brown, milky
Pileus dark red brown. Stem buffy. Juice white, milky,

mild. —

Schxff. 5.

Gills decurrent, red brown, but paler than the pileus.

Pileus rich red brown, nearly flat, 4 inches over.

Stem folid, reddifh buff; zi inches high, i inch diameter. Mr.
Stackhouse.

Ag. flipitatus. Pileo piano carneo laftefcente, lamcllis rufis,
ftipite, longo carneo. Linn. Sp. PI.

Stem i to 4 inches high, reddifh, fomewhat thickeft and brown at
the bafe, paler and fmaller upwards.

Pileus of a deeper colour, from i to 4 inches broad, generally
fmooth, flattifli but depreffed in the center, and bent in at the
margin ; fometimes marked with one or two circles near the
edge.

Gills paler than the pileus ; long ones fometimes branched at the
bafe. The juice white, at firfl; mild,, but leaving a pungent tafte •-
on the tongue. Mr. Woodward.

Specimens fent me from Woolhope, Herefordfhire, by Mr.
Stackhouse. — Pine groves, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Woodw.

Var. I. Pileus funnel-fhaped ; ftem rich red brown, thinner down-
wards, with yellow brlflly hairs at the bafe. ,

Gills decurrent, red brown, numerous, 8 in a fet, long ones fome-
times cloven, paler than the pileus ; brittle.

Pileus red brown, funnel-fliaped, 2 to 3^ inches over. Fkjk
fpongy, thin, reddilh white.

Stem folid, rich red brown, redder than the pileus, tapering down-
wards, redder at the bafe, and fet with briftly hairs, often crooked
and eccentric, 2 inches high^ 3-1 otha diameter.

The whole plant, but efpecially the gills, abounding with white
milky juice, at firfl. mild, but at length leaving a flight pungency in
the throat.

Edgbafton Park, under the large clump of beeches. July-

AGA'RICUS pildfus. (ScH/EFF.) — Gills brown, 4 in tufted
z fet. Pileus and ftem yellowifh, tufted with darker hair. —

Sch(^. 80. — FI. dan. 491 .

Gills decurrent, brownifh, numerous, broad.

Pileus yeliowilh, convex, flattifh, or boflcd, tufted with hairs- FUJE
tough.

296

tender

CRYPTOGAM! A. Fungi.

S'TEMfoIid, cylindrical^ twifted, tapering at bottom, yellow, but
lefs fo than the pileus, rough with dark hairs, to 4 inches
long, thick as a finger, firm, white within, above the ring naked.
Ring permanent. CmatVt fugacious. Root clofely comprefled
and tapering. In thofe clullers which I gathered, though the
Items were large, yet they tapered fo much that the junAion of
them all was not equal to the fize of a Angle Item. The young
ones come out ftraw coloured. Specimens, drawing and deferip-
tion, from Mr. Stackhouse.

On ftumps of pear and oak. (Vide Ag. Jloccofus.J
Var. 1. Pileus tawny, uniformly Ihaggy with hair. Stem white.
Curtain white. Ring permanent.

Bolt. 42.

I am indebted to Mr. Stackhoufe for a fpecimen of this, and alfo
for the following remarks : It is a fafciculated Agaric growing on
trees. The part of the ftem above the ring quite fmooth. Pileus
clothy and hairy, ^pr regularly woolly all over. I think it a variety
of Ag. piiojus.

Woolhope, Herefordlhire. Sept. lygr. Mr. Stackhouse.

AGA'RICUS delicat'ulus. Gills brown cinnamon,
claws white ; 4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus bufiy yellow, flattilh.
Stem cylindrical, yellow. —

FI. dan. iao8. 2, mil give fome idea of it, putting out of the quejlion
the hollow Jim, and the too great regularity of the gills.

Gills a little decurrent, rich cinnamon, white where fixed to the
ftem, 4 in a fet, 8 in the larger plants; the long gills very broad,
tearing from the ftem when the pileus is expanded.

Pileus buffy yellow, thin at the edge, nearly flat, but concave in
the center when old.

Stem folid, yellow, fhining, 3 inches high, thick as a raven or
goofe quill, cylindrical.

Ruffle turned down on the ftem, fugacious.

The whole plant very brittle, tender, and juicy, a very fmall
pieflure deftroying the colours, and giving them a watery dark
appearance

Edgbafton, by the ftews, rare. 20th May, 1 792,

Var. I. Gills brown, mottled, edges and claws white; 4 in a let.

Pileus buffi Stem yellowifh white.

Gills decurrent, brown, mottled, not very numerous, 4 in a fet.
The edge of the gills, and the portion of the long ones next to
and decurrent on the ftem, white.

Pileus buff-colour, flattilh, with a fmall pointed central bofs, edge
turned down, furface kathery, i to 4 inch over. Fkjh white.

Stem

/

AGARICUS. Solid and Decurrent. 297

Stem (olid, bufTy white, gloffy, varloufly bent, cylindrical, 3 inches
high, thick as a raven quill, fuddenly thickening at the top at its
connedlion wi^h the pileus. Flejh yellowilh, but quite white in
the center.

Ctcrldfi vvhitifh, fugacious, fometimes leaving fragments on
the edge of the pileus and oh the ftem.

Paftures, Edgbafton. 20th May, 1792.

* * * Gills ted.

AGA'RICUS rofel'lus. (Batsch.) — Gills pinky ted, pinky
few, 4 to 8 in a fet. Pileus brown red J flelh red. Stem
pinky red. —

Batfch. gg.

Gills decurrent, deep pinky red, not numerous, 4 in a fet, but
fometimes 8 from the intervention of other little teeth.

Pileus brown red, rather fcurfy, convex, but a little hollowed in
the center; i to i:|- inch diameter. Flejh thin, red.

Stem folid, pinky red, cylindrical, but thickening at the top, thick
as a crow quill, 1 5 to 2 inches long. In a feftion of it, the cen-
tral part is lefs compadl and paler than the outlide.

This elegant little Agaric is feldom found in full perfetftion, as it
foon flirivels and lofes its brilliant colours, but it does not rot.

Amongft old Alder ftumps, in the Alder plantation, Edgbafton.

2d Ode. 1 791.

AGA'RICUS jecori'nus. Gills pinky liver colour^ liver colour'd
numerous, in pairs. Pileus pinky brown, fattiny, flat. Stem
pinky above, yellowilh below, tapering downwards —

Gills decurrent, rich pinky liver colour, with age blacker at the
edges and deep tan-leather colour at the fides ; in pairs, the fmall
Gill varying in fize, but very fmall in proportion to the large
one; the large Gill fometimes forked.

Pileus pinky brown, convex and bofled when young, flat and more
liver coloured when older, but the edge always turned in ; fur-
face fmooth, Ihining, fattiny, from 3 to 5 inches over. Eejh
pinky white.

Stem folid, fpongy, pinky brown upwards, yellow brown below,
tapering downwards, rarely ftraight, 2 to 3 inches high, f to i
inch diameter. Flejh fine rhubarb yellow.

From fome appearances which took place in the pickle in whidh it
was preferved, I fufpedl that in favourable circumftance it w'ill be
found to contain a milky juice.

Pine plantations at Bar, near Walfall, Staffordlhire.

aoth July, 1792.

AG A'-

Vol. III.

U

98

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

faffron AGA'RICUS deliclo'fus. (Linn.) — Gills flame colour-
jutced ed, narrow, regularly branched. Pileus rich red brown,
flcfh orange colour. Stem orange, tapering downwards. —
Ag. ftipitatus, pileo teflaceo, fucco lutefcente. Linn.

Gills decurrent, bright aurora or flame coloured, very narrow,
regularly branched in this manner — at fome diftance from the
ftem each long gill divides into 2, each of thefe divifions again
divides into 2, and laftly each of thefe fub-divifions before
reaching the edge of the pileus divides again; the ends of the
lafl: branchings next to the edge of the pileus thicker than the
other parts.

Pileus rich red brown, nearly fiat, but the center a little hollowed,
and the edge confiderably rolled in towards the ftem ; from i-|
to 3 inches over. Fkjh pale orange.

Stem folid, orange coloured, tapering do^vnwards, i to 2 inches
high, and f to 3 -8ths inch diameter.

Juice rich yellow. It foon ftirivels and feels remarkably light.
The fpecimens from which the above defcription was taken having
been carried fome miles in an open bafket, gives me reafon to
apprehend that it is not foexadl as I could wifli. I find no figure
exadlly correfponding with this beautiful and remarkable plant, but
on the authority of Mr. Hudfon, and Mr. Relhan, the deliciofus of
Schaeffer muft be inferted as a variety.

In fir plantations on barren hills at Bar, Staffbrdfhire.

26th Sept.

*Var. I. Gills brick red, branched. Pileus brick red, marked
with darker and paler concentric circles. Stem fpotted. Juice
faffron colour.

Sch(eff. II.

Generally folitary, flelhy, juice faffron coloured. K/ewhcmif-
pherical, deprefled in the center, raifed and arched' towards the
, edge, colour of brick, with concentric circles alternately paler.
Gills brick red, branched. Stem cylindrical, fpotted, fhort, thick,
fomewhat hollow; without curtain or ring. Schaeffer.

Woods near Guilford. Aug. — 061. Mr. Hudson. — Dry paftures.
Gogmagog Hills. Mr. Relhan.

Var. 2. Gills pale brick colour, four in a fet. Pileus pale brick
' colour. Juice golden yellow.

Bolt. 14^.

Stem cylindrical, folid, hollow with age. No curtain. Gills
narrow, brittle. Pileus at firft convex, becoming horizontal, and
laftly funnel-fhaped, marked with darker concentric circles, but
thefe are not always equally diftintft, and in fome plants haitily
perceptible. Every part of it when wounded affords a copious dif*
charge of yellow acrid juice. Bolt. p. 144. Stm

V

AGARICUS. Solid and Decurrent.

Stem foiid, cylindrical, brown olive, blotched, 2 inches long, ^ to
1 inch diameter. Pikus always more or lefs hollowed in the middle,
a little woolly, from 3 to 5 inches over. Specimen from Mr.
Stackhouse.

I

AGA'RICUS fipera'tus. (Linn.) — Gills pale, pepper
pinky red, numerous, in pairs. Pileus dirty yellow white,
woolly, depreffed in the center. Stem pale yellow. —

Bull. Ag. necator, with no number to the plate; but the tints of the
pileus more red than our plants and the gills a lefspleafant colour.

Gills decuirent, a beautiful blufti colour, numerous, in pairs,
broader than thofe of the Ag. Lifteri.

Pileus dirty brownifh red, or yellowilh white, woolly, flattifh, but
the edge turned down, and the cenfef depreffed; 3 inches
over. Flejk white. /

Stem foiid, pale yellow, not central, nearly cylindrical, if to a
inches high, and f inch diameter. Juice white, milky, very
hot and biting.

Ag. ftipitatus, pileo planiufculo ladkfcente, margine deflexo,
lamellis incamato pallidis.

0 Pileus corwexo-deprejftts, camofus, laBeJcens, margine infiexo, tometi*
tofo. Lamellae pallida. Stipes mdus, fjlulojus, pallidus. FI. Suec.

1195. — ^Schaeff. la.feems a variety with a yellow juice ; and Bull.

529. 2. another variety.

Specimen, drawing, and defeription, fent to me by Mr, Stack-
house, who rightly cohjeftured it to be the real Ag. piperatus of
Linn. '

Haughwood, near Woolhope, Herefordftilre. Mr. Stackhouse,

**9 iff Gills huf.

AG A'RICUS dii/'ch. (Hubs.) — Gills buff*, numerous^ mild
8 ina fet. Pileusdark buff. Stem buff. Juice milky, mild. — •

Bull. 224. — Bolt. 3.,

Gills dccurrent, buff, numerous, 8 in a fet, the little teeth
fraaileft Gills yery irregular in fize.

Pileus concave, dark buff approaching to orange, if to >2 inches
over. (Our fpecimens not boffed in the center as in fome of
Bulliard’s figures.)

Stem foiid, irregularly hollow with agCj buff colour, 2 inches high^
rather thicker than a fwan’s quill.

Juice white, milky, not acrid, or peppery. Ray S^n. 4. 15.

Plantations, Edgbaltoa.

VaR,

299

300

brown-fugar

acrid

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Vak. I. Gills in fours, or eights, connedted by (hort tranfverfc
white ligaments. r.

Eclgbafton, in woods. Nov.

Var. 2, Gills in pairs. Stem fhort, eccentric. Milk white,
changing to a brimftone colour.

Gills in pairs, a vdry little decurrent, flefhy, broad.

Pile us concave, reddilh brown, marked obfcurely with concentric
circles.

Stem folid, fhort, thick, not central.

Milk white, mild, changing to a pale yellow when expofed to
the air. Mr. Stackhouse.

Woods near Woolhope, Herefordfhire.

AGA'RICUS liv'ido-ruhes'cens. (Batsch.) — Gills
buff, numerous, 4 in a fet. Pileus moufe colour, con-
cave, edges turned down. Stem white, thick. —

Bull. 282. — Batfch. 202.

Gills fomewhat decurrent, buff colour, femi-tranfparent, thick fet,
4 in a fet, fprinkled over with a fubftance like brown fugar ;
probably the infpiflated juice.

Pileus moufe colour, dotted, concave, irregular at the edge, and
more or lefs turned down and plaited. Three to 4 inches
diameter.

Flejk white, changing to a reddilh tinge by expofure to the
air.

Stem folid, white, fmooth, but not even, 2 inches long, more than
•§ inch diameter, gently tapering downwards.

Juice milky, fomewhat acrid, but not peppery,

Edgbafton plantations. Aug. 1791,

AGA'RICUS a'cris. (Bolt.)— Gills reddilh buff,
4 in a fet, branching. Pileus cool brown, vifcid, Ihining,
Hoping. Stem whitilh, Ihining, eccentric. —

Bolt. 60.

Gills decurrent, more fo on one fide the ftem than on the other,
pale brown buff, with a reddilh tinge, very thick fet, the long
ones often- inofculating.

Pileus cool broWn, vifcid, fhining, irregular, concave, 2 to 3J
.inches diameter, fet Hoping on the ftem. Flejh white.

Stem folid, tapering dowmvands, flatted at the top, nearly white,
Alining, crooked, eccentric, i to inch long.

From the crooked ftem and the Hoping pileus it lies very clofe to
the ground amongft the grafs, and is much eaten by the large black
fnail. It abounds with white jnilky juice, very acrid to the tafte.

This

301

AGARICUS. Solid and Decurrent.

Thb fpecics is nearly allied to Var. i . Ag. LIfteri, and I have Cell; 1
much inclined to conneA it with that, but the differences are
fuch that I think the inveftigation will be facilitated by the prefent
difpofition, and further obfervation may determine more exaffly
whether that Ihould be arranged as a variety under this fpecies, or .
where it now Hands.

***** Gills _yel/oro.

A G A ' R I C U S tejla'ceus. ^ (Huds.)— Gills brown yel- yelloxv
low, 4 in a fet. Pileus deep yellow, IjofiTed in the center.

Stem yellow, fcored, thickeft downwards.—^

ScUff, 65.

Gills decurrent, deep brownilh yellow, 4 in a fet.

Pileus bright full yellow, with deeper yellow ftreaks, center bo|Ied,
edge turning up, 2 inches diameter. Flijli yellow.

Stem folid, yellow, filky, thickeft downwards, 3-8ths of an inch
diameter, 3 to 4 inches long, often crooked.

—Gills of the fame colour with the Pileus ; fomewhat running
down the ftem. Curtain none. (Ag. leoninus of Haller is a
different fpecies.) Mr. Woodward.

This is undoubtedly the plant of Schaeffer, which Mr. Hudfon
cites as his Ag. teftaceus, but he alfo quotes as a fynon. Haller 2431 ,
which is a very different plant, as appears from the references and
defeription of the latter author, who feeras to have milled Mr,

Hudfon by quoting Schaeffer’s 65.

Plantations, Edgbafton. Sept.

AGA'RICUS adus’tus. Gills pale yellow, moftly parche^
Uniform, forked. Pileus yellow brown, edge greatly
turned in. Stem yellow brown, with reddifh Itaius. —

Sclu^. 72 and yi.

Gills greatly decurrent, pale yellow when full grown, numerous,
nearly of the fame length, moft of them dividing at fome dil-
tance from the ftem.

Pileus yellowilh brown, with ftain? of dark red towards the edge;
gently convex, but the edge turned down and bent in fo as to
approach the ftem ; 3i to 5 inches diameter ; clammy when
wet, fattiny when dry. Fkjh pale dirty yellow.

Stem folid, irregularly hollow with age, yelbwifh brown, with a
few reddifh ftains ; near 2 inches long, and more than i in
diameter, rather eccentric.

This is a very different plant from the Ag. clephantinus of
Polton, with which it has been confounded, perhaps beciufe the

U 3

302

CRYPTOGAM I A. Fungi.

pileus in both becomes ovcrfpread with dark ftains, giving the
appearance of their having been parched or burnt.

Edgbafton Park, under oak trees, ^th Aug, 1791.

trumpet * AGA'RICUS tuhafor'mis, (ScHjEFF.) — Gills pale
golden yellow. Pileus funnel^fliaped, golden yellow.
Stem very long, crooked. —

Schaff. 248 and 249.

Gills decurrent, pale golden yellow. Pileus hollow like a funnel,
varying in fhape, golden yellow, if inch over. Stem folid, woody,
cylindrical, long, crooked, fcaly, fcorcd and pitted, golden yellow,
6 inches long, 3-8ths diameter. ScH.trFER.

Trunks of old trees. June. Dickson, fafc. i. 15.

amethyjl AG A'RICV S ametkys'tinus. (Huns.) — Gills purple,
2, 3, or 4 in a fet. Pileus purple, convex. Stem pale
purple, cylindrical.—

Bull. 198 — (but Schaff. 13, which he quotes as a Synonym^ is a very
different plant.)

Gills a little decurrent, beautiful violet purple, not numerous, 2
in a fet in the fmaller, 3 and 4 in the larger plants.

Pileus purple, fmooth, convex, with age the middle a little hol-
lowed, I to 2 inches diameter.

Stem folid, irregularly hollow when old, pale purple, cylindrical,
fmooth, 2 to 3 inches long, thick as a raven or goofe quill.

Stem often crooked. Pileus fometimes bofled. Differs eflentially
from the A. violaceus in habit as well as colour. Mr. Stackhouse.
—Our plant perfedlly agrees with Mr. Hudfon’s charadler, and alfo
with the more explicit defcription by Vaillant. p. 67.

Woods near Bath. Mr. STAqxHOUSE.-r-Plantations, Edgbafton.

July — Oiil.

woolly-edged AG A'P.\C\3S contlg'uus. (Bull.) — Gills yellow, very
numerous, moftly branched, and inofculating where they
join the ftem. Pileus cinnamon, nearly flat, edge woolly,
greatly turned in. Stem brown, ftreaked. —

Bcdjch. 61. — Bull. 240.

Gills a little decurrcnt, yellow, changing to watery brown, very
numerous, moft of them branched, and where-thcy join the ftcm,
reticulated.

Pileus cinnamon colour, nearly flat, but a fmall rifing in the cen-
ter, the edge very much rolled in and cloathed with a conlidera-
ble quantity of pale brown woolly fubftance ; diameter 4 or 5
inches.

Flelh

AGARICUS. Solid and Decurrent. 303

Fklk ycllowifti white, changing when cut, to a reddifh brown.

Stem folid, pale brown, with dark bloody ftreaks, nearly cylindri-
cal, scinches high, inch diameter.

The Helh of the ftem changes like that of the pileus, when expofed
to the air. Our plant exadlly agrees with the excellent plate of Mr.

Bulliard, except that our ftems are longer and lefs uniformly co-
loured.

Fir plantations at Bar, StaiFordlhire. 1 2th Sept. 1791.

Pine Groves, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.

* Var I. Gills pale brown, numerous, 4 in a fct. Pileus red
brown, convex, edge rolled in, a velvety belt above it. Stem
crooked.

Bolt. 55.

I think this muft belong to this place notwithflanding the Gills are
faid to be pale brown.

In the Burks, and other woods about Halifax.

Sept. Odl. Mr. Bolton.

AGA'RICUS neca'tor. (Buljl.) — Gills pale yellow, deadly
moftly in pairs. Pileus buff, flattilb, center hollow and
deeper coloured ; edge rolled in, woolly. Stem inverfely
conical. Milky juice extremely burning and acrid. —

Bull. 529.

Gills decurrent, pale yellow, moftly in pairs; the long ones fre-
quently forked.

Pileus buff, flat, but concave and deeper coloured in the center,
edge turned down, rolled inwards towards the ftem, and denfely
covered with a large quantity of cottony or woolly fubftance, fo’
as nearly to obfeure the Gills, fome of thefe curled fibres when
ftretched out being near i-3d of an inch long. Flejh pithy, white.

Stem folid, pale buff, inverfely conical, eccentric, crooked, inch
long, full i inch diameter in the middle, with age becoming
irregularly hollow,

Mr. Stackhouse, who fent me thisfpccimen, fays, “ the whole
“ of the exterior of this plant, which was of a dirty yellowifti hue,

“ appeared compofed of wolLy fibres filled with a glutinous dew.”

Near Woolhope, Herefordftiire. i ith Aug, 1 791 .

Var. I. Gills much branched and inofculating, Pileus brown buff.

Stem very fhort and thick.

Gills decurrent, numerous, pale yellow, fhort for the fize of the
plant, the edge of the pileus turning in fo as greatly to leffen the
ufual diftance between it and the ftem. Thrfe Gills are more
irregular than thofe of any other Agaric I have examined, for
they are much branched at both ends, and thefe branchings inof
culate with one another fo as to form a net-work, not only upon
the ftem, but alfo under the edge of the pileus. Pileus

3o4

CRYPTOGAMI A. Fungi.

PiLEtJs brown, orreddifh buff, clammy or fattiny, nearly fiat,
btit the edge at all times much turned in, and woolly; diameter
3 to 4 inches. Flejh yellowifli.

STEM folid, buff in the middle, brown below, yellow at the top,
nearly cylindrical, i-| inch long, i inch diameter ; fomewhat
eccentric.

The general habit of this plant induces me to place it here, but the
want of milky juice would rank it as a variety of the Ag. ccmtigiais;
knowing however that thofe plants moft abounding with milk are
fometirtaes without it, as I have particularly found in the Ag. cafareus,
I think it veiy poflible that a more favourable concurrence of cir-
cumftances may teach us that it is really a milky fpecies.

Under large Spanifh chefnut trees, in the park at Edgbafton.

6thAug. lygr,

tawny AGA'RICUS ful'vus. (Bolt.) — Gills pale yellow,
not numerous, 4 in a fet. Pileus red buff, conical, chang-
ing to convex and boffed, the edge at length turning up.
Stern whitilh, cylindrical.— '

Bolt. 56. — Schteff. 50 and 54.

Gills pale yeljow, decurrent, not numerous, 4 in a fet, but the
fmall teeth often excluded, and the larger ones branching and
inofculating near the edge of the pileus.

Pileus red buff, 'mofl: red in the center, paler with age, at firfl
bluntly copical, the edge turned in, then nearly flat, but boiled
in the center, at length the edge turns up and tears,

Flejh white, thin, femi-tranfparent.

Stem folid, cylindrical, but taper and bent towards the root, white
or very pale buff, or very dilute yellow, if to 3 inches high, ^
to f inch diameter.

On the bank by the long flew, Edgbafton Park, Oeft.

****** Gills purple.

ruddy * AGA'RICUS ru'tilus. (Sch/eff.) — Gills reddifli
purple, leathery, few, in pairs. Pileus reddifh purple,
fiefhy. Stem reddifh purple, cylindrical

55-

Gills decun-ent, moderately numerous, leathery, thick, reddifh
purple, but lighter than the pileus, turning of a blue mouldy
colour in decay.

Pileus flat, (lefhy, thick, fmooth, center fomewhat deprefted, edge
turned down, not changing colour as Schaeffer mentions.
STEMfolid, reddifh purple, cylindrical, infenfibly fwelling at the
top into the pileus, tough, 2 inches high or more, 3-8ths diame-
ter, Major Velley aqd Mr. Stackhouse. Woods

305

A G A R I C U S. Solid and FixW.

• Woods near Bath. Under fir trees at . Pendarvis-, Cornwall ;
often diftorted when fully grown, and wrinkled into-grotefque Ihap^.

Mr. Stackhouse. — Abounds on Claverton Downs, and from its
leathery texture continues much longer undec^yed than any other
fpecies. Major Velley.

* AGA'RICUS vis'cidus. (Linn.)— Gills purple, clammy
4 in a fet. Pileus rich brown, convex. Stem paler brown,
cylindrical. — •

Ag. ftipitatus, pileo purpurafeente fufeo vifeido. Lamellis fufeo
purpurafeentibus. Linn.

G/& fomewhat decurrent, diftina, remote, purple to brown, the
fhort ones tapering to a point, fides woolly, powdery. Vileus con-
vex, hemifpherical, and the edge ./turned in when old, at length
turban-fhapied and vifeid. Stem cylindrical, brown yellow, efpeci-
ally in its horizontal fedlion. Fl.fuec.

Gills decurrent, not numerous.

Pileus convex, edge thin, rather turned down, about 2 inches over.

Stem folid, cylindrical, paler brown than the pileus, inch high,
thick as a goofe-quill. Taken from a beautiful drawing and dif-
fe(5lion fent me by Mr. Stackhouse.

Plantations near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.

5 II. SOLID and FIXED.

* Gills white.

AGA'RICUS grave' olevs. Gills white, very nume- Jlrongfcented
rous, irregular, 4 in a fet. Pileus white. Stem white,
tapering downwards. —

Gills fixed byafmall claw, white, very numerous, irregular, moflly
4 in a fet.

Pileus dead white, convex, yellowifh in the center, 3 to 4 inches
over. Flejh thick, white, fpongy.

Stem folid, white, fibrous, fplitting, crooked, comprefled, taper-
ing downwards, 2 inches high, near i inch diameter ; fpongy
and white within.

The want of a Wrapper and Curtain diftinguifhes this from the
Ag. bulbojus. The Gills are difpofed to feparate from the pileus as
the tubes of fome of the Boleti do. It is very ftrong and unplcafant
in its fmell, fo that it is not an agreeable talk to go through the
examination of it.

Red Rock plantation, Edgbafton. 20th May, 1792,. '

* AG A'R levs fmbria'tus. (Bo-Lr.)—Gi\\s wd^texy curled i

white, 4 in a fet, nearly gelatinotos. Pileus watery white, |

lunnel- |

3o6

concave

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

funnel-fliaped , curled at the edge. Stem dufky watery
white, — ^

Bolt. 6i,

Gills fixed, very long and narrow, thin and delicate, pellucid,
turning to a watery jelly when preflTed. '

Pile us convex when young, foon becorning flat, and then funnel-
Ihaped, the edge waved and curled, the furface fmooth like
vellum, 3 or 4 inches over.

Stem folid, fmooth, tough, pellucid, i inch high and full i diameter
Bolton,

I fhould have confidered this as a variety of the Ag. infundibuli-
torm IS, had not Mr. Bolton aflured me that the Gills are not de-
current, and that they feparate frorh the ftem in tlie old aee of the
plant. .

Moift woods about Halifax. Augufl,

AGA'RICUS depres'fus. Gills white, 4 in a fet.
Pileus pinky or brownilh white, center much deprefled
edge turned down. Stem pinky white. Juice milky.—'

G ills fixed to the top of the ftem, but not extending down it ; white
yellowifh with age, numerous, 4 in a fet. *

Pileus pinky or browniih white, much hollowed in. the center, but
the edge gmemily turned down ; glutinous, 4 or 5 ineh« dia-
meter, llejh fpongy, white, or pinky.

Stem folid, white, with a pinky tinge ; 3 to. 4 inches high, f inch
diameter, thickeft downwards.

Edgbafton Park.

1 4th Oeft. 1 790.

cream. AGA'RICUS aipms. Gills watery white claws
coloured pure white. Pileus cream colour. Stem whitilh. ’ Rine
permanent &

Gills nightly fixed to the ftem, watery white, ehanging to reddifl.
brown when diy, numerous, 4 or 8 in a fet, but thi claws by

log brl r^en^^^' white, no. turn!

Pileus cream-coloured, deepeft in the center, gently convex edee
mrned down, e inches over, the fti„ ciaeking wU age.’ Z

St e m folid, brownifh flefh white, whiteft and pith-ftk-e in the center
2 inches high, thick as a fwan’s quill, thickeft upwards.

Curtain

3^7

AGARICUS. S(>lid and Fixed.

Otrtan white, when torn turned down on the ftem ; perma-
nent.

Edgbafton, on turf lately mow'n. . 1 6th June, 1 792.

AGA'RICUS la'cer. (ScHiEFF.) — Gilk white, flefhy, lacerated
irregular, conne6led by tranfverfe ligaments. Pileus
livid, watery white, bofled, tearing at the edge. Stem
white, crooked. —

Schceff. 257.

Gills fixed, pure white, fleihy, not numerous, 2, 3, or 4 in a fet,
but moftly 4, the long ones fometimes forked ; they are con- •
ne(5led by white threads to the pileus and to each other.

Pileus livid watery white, edge firft turned in towards the ftem,
then turning up. Irregular, cracking and tearing, center bofied,
furface fcored, 1 to 2 inches over. Fkjh white. *

Stem folid, white, crooked, nearly cylindrical, often comprefTcd,
rarely quite central, 2 inches high, full -j- inch diameter.

This has very much the habit of the Ag. aurantius, but the folid
ftem, and the want of flimy furface diftinguifh it. The drawings
of Schaeffer 257, are very charadlereftic, but the colouring not very
exadl.

Edgbafton, after much gentle rain, by the long ftew.

12th 0(ft. 1791.

AGA'RICUS opa'cus. Gills white, numerous, 2 or opake
4 in a fet. Pileus dead white, nearly flat. Stem white,
pith brown. —

Gills fixed, white, very thick fet, and very fine, in pairs or in
fours.

Pileus white, opake, fmooth, nearly flat when expanded, buta littLe
turned down at the edge, and a very fmall protuberance in the
center, cracking when old, and the llcin readily peeling off,
diameter to 2 Inches.

Stem folid, white, cylindrical, 2 inches high, ^ Inch diameter, filled
with a watery, and, when old, with a brownifh pith.

Edgbafton Park. 14th April 1792. — gth Sept. 1791.

* AGA'RICUS /ra'granj'. Gills brown white, 4 in fragrant
a fet. Pileus brown white, femi-tranfparent.' Stem brown-
white. —

Gills fixed, beautifully regular like the teeth of a very fine comb.

Pileus not flelhy, but fomewbat tranfparent, from ^ to 2 inches

3^^ CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

S^EM folidy I to 2-2 inches high*, as thick ov thicker than a fwan's
quill.

This Agaric is by no means uncommon with us, and if it grows
in other parts, it is matter of furprife that it ftiould have remained
unnoticed fo long. It imparts a fragrant odour like that of new
mown hay. Its colour approaches nearly to our general notion of a
ftone colour, and does not vary throughout the different parts of the
plant. The tranfparency of the pileus fhewing the form of the
Gills through its furface, it might be called ftriated, as well as other
flefhlefs Agarics ; but this diftindlion, when it does not arife from
colour, or fome peculiar ftrueSure of the pileus itfelf, is with more
propriety omitted. Major Velley.

Among the firs on Claverton Downs, near Bath.

jealy AG A'^ICU S furfuro'fus. Gills watery white,* 2 or
4 in a fet, but irregular. Pileus yellow brown, fcaly.
Stem yellow brown, crooked, fcored. —

Gills fixed, watery white, turning to a brownifh call with age, not
numerous, 2 or ^ in a fet, but very irregular.

Pileus yellow brown, fcaly, conical when young, turning up and
cracking at the edge with age ; very uneven, not flefhy, fto^
inch over.

Stem folid, yellowifh brown, fplitting, crooked, footed or rather
fluted with longitudinal furrows, thick as a raven’s quill, I- to i
inch high. Root a roundifh knob.

From the turning up of the pileus and the grooves on the flem,
the Gills get rather a decurrent appearance.

Filbert hedge, Edgbaftqji Gardens. 1 8th June, 1 792.

fpinSe-ftm- AGA'RICUS eras'/, pes. ( SciiiEFF. )-Gills white,
med brownifh at the edges, flelhy, diftaut, 4 in a fet. Pileus
reddifli brown, boiled, cracking. Stem greatly tapering
downwards, ribbed. —

Schteff. 88. I. BilIL 106, and gi6, 2, hut the hojs not fiiffkiently
marked, particularly in the latter plate. ~Sch<cff. 87. f. i. 2. 3,
only ; the lower figures being a differetU plant.

Gills fixed, white, rufty brown at the edge, fiefhy, wide apart, 4 in
a fet, the fmalleft feries very fmall for the fize of the plant.

Pileus reddifh brown, fmooth, and leathery, rather flat, but boffed
in the center, cracking, 2-2 inches or more in diameter.

Flefii white.

Stem folid, tapering downwards to a point, ribbed, crooked, palp
brown above, deep red brown below.

Agrees

I

AGARIC US. Solid and Fixed.

Agrees very well with Bulliard io6, except in lying on the
ground, for mine were immerfed near half the ftem in the earth,
and grew tolerably upright, fupporting one another. Specimen and
defcription from Mr. Stackhouse, who has made a much better
drawing of it than any of the figures extant, as he has alfo done of
many more Britilh fpecies, the inedited particulars of which I hope
he will fome day be induced to publifh.

Foot of trees, Woolhope, Herefordlhire.— At thebafe of decaying
trees, frequent. Mr. Woodward.

AGA'RICUS musca'rtus. (Linn.) — Gills white, fhort fy
ones folitaiy. Pileus brownilh or reddifh, convex. Stem
fcaly. Ring broad, turned down. —

Pileus large, rather flat, generally red, fprinkled with downy
angular warts. Gills flat, ifiverfely fpear-fliaped, moftly entire, the
few fhorter ones very blunt, and without other fmaller ones on each
fide them, which is peculiar to this fpecies. Stm cylindrical, a
cavity within it,* bafe bulbous, warty, top expanded. Ring on the
middle of the ftem, loofe, pendarit.

Varies with the Pileus, white or red, or crimfon, and warty.

Mixed with milk it kills flies. The exprefted juice rubbed on
walls and bedfteads expels bugs. Linn.

Gills fixed, white, yellowilh with age, numerous, moftly uniform,
but a fhorter one fometimes intervening. Thefe fhorter Gills
vary very much in length, but are rarely lefs than i -third the
length of the long ones.

Pileus varying much in colour, very flefhy, convex, turning up
with age, 2 to 7 inches over. Flejh white, reddifh in decay.
Warts raifed, compadl and angular ; or thin, flat, and ragged.

Stem folid, the internal fubftance fhrivelling with age leaves irre-
gular hollows; fcaly, bulbous at the bafe, 3 to 5 inches high, i
to diameter.

Ring broad, permanent, turned down upon the ftem.

Ag. ftipitatus, lamellis dimidiatis folitariis ; ftipite volvato, apice
dilatato, bafi ovato. FI. Suec. 1 235.

This plant rifes out of the ground inclofed within its brown
ftudded wrapper fVolva of fome authors, but not of Linn.) A
fedlicn made vertically fhews all the parts in their original pofition,
and alfo the Curtain (the real Volvo of Linn.) which remains long
after, forming when torn by the expanfion of the pileus, the broad
ring upon the ftem deferibed above. The Warts upon the pileus

are

309

* Only hollow when old. With.

310

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fung^.

are fragments of the wrapper/ a fa(ft which I was for a time indif-
pofed to credit, becaufe they often adhere fo ftrongly to the pileus as
not to feperate without tearing up its (kin.

Var. I. Pileus white, warts yellowifh. Stem white.

In this variety a (hort Gill, or a Gill of a third feries, fometimes
appears. Pileus but 2 inches diameter ; ftem 2 inches high
Edgbafton. i6thSept.i7gi.

* Var, 2. Pileus blood red, without warts.

Bolt. 27. — Sckteff. 28.

Sferabrownifh white.

Dry woods about Halifax, Yorkftiire. Mr. Bolton.

* Var. 3. Pileus blood red, with white warts.

Bull, 122. Sckceff. 27. — Cluj. ii. 280. — Ger. em. 1581. 3.
—fCop. in the following,) J. B. iii. 841. z.—Park. 1321. 8.
— Sterb. 22. A.

Stem white.

Plantation, on the South bank of the upper pool, at Hatton, near
Shiffnal, Shropfhire.

* Var. 4. Pileus pale red, with reddifh warts.

Bull. 3 1 6 — Sch/ejF. 26 1 .—Bolt. 1 39.

Mr. Bulliard fays the Gills are loofe, but Mr. Bolton obferves that
they adhere by a fmall claw to the top of the ftem. The latter fays
^ it has no wrapper, but the former'obferves that it has an imperfedl
one which difappears in the progrefs of the growth of the plant ; and
this alfo is the opinion of SchaslFer. Stem white above, pinky below.

In a dry gravelly foil near Leebridge.

1 2th June, 1790. Mr. Bolton.
* VAR.5. Pileus pinky brown, with whitilh, flat, thin, ragged warts.
Sch<Eff. 90. f. 1 . 3 but the drawing of the Gills does not agree with
the defcription.

Warts irregular in fhape, in clufters, light brownifh colour and
wrinkled, adhering flightly to the pileus, and may be rubbed off.
Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 6. Pileus pinky brown, fattiny, with fmall, angular, hard,
greyifh warts. Stem brownifh white.

Curt. 312. Schaff, go. 2. 4. and gi ; (but the drawing of the Gills does
not^ acccn d with our plant, nor with the author's own defcription.) —
Mich. 78. I.

Stem pinky brown, or broWnilh white ; reddllh buff. Flejh
white, getting a pinky tinge after being fome time expofed to the air.

The 5th and 6th varieties conftitute the Verrucofus of Mr.Hudfon,
who refers alfo to Haller, 2397, which is a different plant, the fame
as Bauh. hift. iii. 826, Sterb. 20. K. and Ray fyn. 7. 31.

Ag. verrucofus. Hues.

Edgbafton

AGARICUS. Solid and Fixed. 31 1

Edgbafton Park, where grafs had been mown. May. Aug. — Nov.

• VaR. 7. Pileus dirty yellow, with dull red clouds.

Curt. 312. — Mr. Stackhoufe's drawing.

Pileus fmooth, glutinous. Warts light-coloured, thin, crumpled.

Stem nightly tinged with red. Ring beautiful, Handing aloof from
the Hem in a wavy line, and finely ftriated.

Pendarvis, Cornwall. 28th July, 1790.

* Var. 8. Pileus olive brown. Warts black.

Ukus in colour not unlike the bark of a young Afli tree. Warts
irregular, large, blackifii. Mr. Stackhouse.

Pafture land, Woolhope, Herefordfiiirc.

Var. 9. Pileus olive brown, without warts. Gills 4 in a fet.

This turns up with age, not in tlie ufual mode at the .edge, but
the whole pileus doubled together.

Fir plantations, Bar, StafFordfiiire. Sept.

I have been the more particular in the difplay of this fpecies and
its different varieties, on account of the great confufion caufed by
t^le latter, the various times it has been figured under different
names, and the authority of Mr. Hudfon, who has made two fpe-
cies out of one, and has inadvertently quoted as a fynonym ftill
another, and really a different plant. '

AGA'RICUS ter' reus, (Sch^eff.) — Gills white, dirt-coloured
numerous, 8 in a fet. Pileus brown, lhaded, convex,
irregular, cracking. Stem white, conical, eccentric. —

Schdeff. 64. I. 2. 3.

Gills fixed, watery white, numerous, 8 in a fet, the fmaller Gills,
varying much in length.

PiLEOs light watery brown, with various fhades, fcored, convex,
rather bofled, edge turned dow'n, and the fides with i or 2 large
irregular depreffions, cracking With age, 2-| to 4 inches diameter.

Fl^ white, fpongy.

Stem folid, white, fmooth, rather crooked, tapering to the root,
rarely central, 2^ inches long, f inch diameter. Ray fyn. 5. 21.
which Mr. Curtis would not have affigned to the Ag. ovatus, had
he fufficiently confidered the defeription of Ray.

In clulters. Edgbafton, under the large oak by the bolt of the
fquare ftew. Sept. 1791.

Var. I. Gills white, 4 in a fet, wide a-part. Stem tapering upwards.

Sefueff. 64. 4. — FI. dan. 832. 3, feems to be the fame plant, of, li
dwarjifh growth, and a rough pileus.

Gills fixed, very white, fiefhy, broad, wide afundcr, 4 in a fet
Pileus reddifh moufe, fattiny, convex but uneven, 3 inches diame-
ter, oblique.

Stem

312

pale-faced

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Stem folld, very white, crooked, tapering upwards, many united
together at the bafe, 2 inches long, ^ inch diameter.

Coplar wood, Herefordfhire. Sept. 1791,

Specimen, defcription, and a drawing from Mr. Stackhouse.
Var. 2. Gills 8 in a fet. Pileus fcaly. Stem thinneft in the
middle. Root bulbous.

In the Garden at Edgbafton. i8th June, 1792.

* Var. 3. Pileus livid, conical, bofled. Gills dirty white. Stem
crooked.

Schceff. 14.

Stem irregularly hollow when old, and often fo much curved that
the pileus is bent down to the ground. Pikus very variable, fome-
what hairy, paler when old, and the border frequently fpHt. Mr.
Woodward.— The death-like palenefs of the Gills diftinguifhes
this plant. The hue of the pileus variable, but moft frequently of
a dove colour. Schaeffers t. 14, the Gills ill -Coloured. Tbi?
Agaric frequently comes up in waved lines of a confiderable extent,
or in great circles, 10 or 15 yards in diameter. Major Vellev.

Ag. lividus. Huds. 616. Relh. 937.

Woods and hedges. [Pine grove, Kirby. Mr. Wo 0 dwar d.]

Odl. April.

*Var. 4. Gills extremely white. Pileus moufe colour, fhaded
with brown. Stem cylindrical, thick, dirty white, ftraight.

Gills not reaching the ftem, but leaving a channel round it.
Pileus flat, a-j inches over. Stem 2^ inches high, inch diameter,
fplitting. Drawing and defcription from Mr. Stackhouse.

Grows in long extended lines ; in woods near Bath. Mr. Stack-

HOUSE.

AGA'RICUS leucoceph'alits. (Bull.) — Gills white,

4 in a fet. Pileus, center moufe, convex, border white
or pinky. Stem white, cylindrical, crooked, brittle.' —

Bull. 536. Bull, 428. I, more bojfed than our fpecimens.

Gills fixed, white, brittle, 4 in a fet.

Pileus convex, filky, center dilute moufe, lightly lhaded off, border
, white, when young fometimes tinged with pink, cracking with
2ge, If to 4 inches diameter.

Stem folid, white, cylindrical, but often compreffed, crooked, filky,

I to 2 inches high, f to f inch diameter. Central when young,
not always fo in a inore advanced age.

Grows in clufters; pafture land, Edgbafton, particularly bv the
^""Sftew., a7thOa.i79o.

AGA'-

AGARICUS. Solid and Fixed. 313

♦AGA'RICUS plumo'fus, (Bolt.) — Gills white, feathered
4 in a fet. Pileus convex, moufe-coloured, tufted. Stem
moufe-coloured, tufted, cylindrical, crooked. —

Bolt. 33.

Gills fixed, white, broad, numerous, dry and light.

Pileus thickly covered like the ftem with moule-coloured downy
matter, tliin, light, dry, flexible, inch over.

Stem folid, hard, thick as a duck's quill, 4 inches high. Curtcun white,
evanefcent. Bolton.

In a fteep wood near Halifax, Aug.

AGA'RICUS gra'dlis. Gills pure white, ftrong, elegant
not crowded, 8 in a fet. Pileus pure light brown, flat,
thin, bofled. Stem tall, flender, brownilh. —

Gills fixed, very white, rather diftant, flelhy, regularly difpofed
8 in a fet.

Pileus cool brown, Ihining with moifture but not vifcid, thin,
nearly flat, but a gentle riling in the center and radiated round
the bofs, diameter 3 to 4 inches.

Stem folid, fmooth, fattiny, W’hite at the top and bottom, pale
moufe in the middle, 8. inches high, 4 inch diameter, gently
tapering upwards, fplitting. Flejh brown, white in the center.

Var. I. Gills very much branched. Stem entirely white.

Edgbafton, Red Rock plantation. Aug. Sept. 1791.

AGA'RICUS elas'ticus. Gills white, 4 in a fet. elajltc
Pileus chefnut, femi-globular. Stem buff, tapering up-
wards and downwards. Ring none. —

Schieff. 87. 4. 5. (but the Jlem too red and too much ribbed.) — Bidl.

516.2, rejemblesit, but this plate is fo far unfnilhed that I cannot
qmte decide until the text Jhall be publijhed. The author calls it
fufipes, which he figured before in plate 106, but if it be only a
variety of that, his own objervations at the foot of the plate mujl
prove unfounded. The fnudler figures give a pretty ejcacl idea of
our plant, but the ftems have too much colour.

Gills fixed, whitilh, 4 in a fet.

Pileus chefnut colour, femi-globular, uniform, clothy.

Tlejh white, moderately thick.

Stem folid, buff, with a few fmall red brown blotches, fmOoth,
to 2 inches high, ^ inch diameter, tapering upwards from ^ inch
above the ground, and from the fame part rapidly tapering
downwards fo as to end in a flender root; foraetimes rather
ribbed.

Vol. III.

X

ThU

CO

14 C R Y P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

This Agaric is very tough and ftrong, with a confiderable fhare of
clafticity. Mr. Stackhoufe obferves that the edge of the pileus coops
in like the button of a common Muihroom, that the Gills are nu-
merous, ftilF, and white, that it is often found not in clufteiS, and
that in many inftances it approaches the Ag. crojlfipes. To this opi-
nion I perfectly agree, and further remark, that the tendency to a
ribbed Item in fome of the fpecimens ftill increafes the affinity; but
until the Ag. crajfipes fhall be better known, efpecially in its younger
and fmaller forms, I think the difficulties will fooner be cleared up
by keeping them a'part. The want of a bofs on the pileus, the ab-
fence of cracks in its fkin, the want of ftrongly marked ribs on the
Item, and more than all, the tough elallic fubflance of -the plant,
prevent me at prefent from arranging it as a variety of the crc^pcs.
Not Ag. elafticus. Bolt.

Under oak trees in Edgballon Park. 21ft Aug. 1791 .

VhK.i. Gills brown white, fhallow, 4 in a fet. Pileus brown,
convex, fattiny. Stem white. Ring none.

Gills fixed very ftrongly to the ftem, brownifh white, very nar-
row, 4 in a fet, the fmaller feries often hid under the edge of the
pileus, which turns inwards over them.

Pileus brown, fattiny, fhining, convex, inches over.

FkJJi very thick, white.

Stem folid, white, fattiny, cylindrical, rarely ftraight, 2 inches
high, inch diameter.

I have not been able to find either a Curtain or a Ring.

^ The whole fubftance very ftrong and elaftic. It grows fingle or
in clufters.

Under the large oak by the bolt of the fquare ftew, Edgbafton
Park. 1 8th Sept.

Jlump AGA'RICUS ftip'itis. Gills white, 4 in a fet.
Pileus cool brown, darker and woolly in the center. Stem
pale brown with a huffy tinge, thicker and bulbous at the
bafe. Ring white, permanent. —

Bolt. 136. — Mkh. 81. 2.

Gills fixed, quite white, narrow, thin, pliable.

Pileus at firft bluntly conical, then nearly flat, almoft white at the
edge, cracking very much through the whole fubftance, but not
turning up, 2 to 4 inches over.

Stem cool brown, 3 to 4 inches high, f inch diameter. Curtain
thick, tough, cottony, white.

Edgbafton Grove, where large trees had been fallen four or five
years before. 2d Odt. 1 791 «

Var.

3>5

AGARICUS. Solid and Fixed.

Var. I. feills white, 4 in a fet. Plleiis rich brown. Stem pinky
or brownifh white, tapering at the bafe. Ring yellowifli.

FI. dan. 1013. — -Sckc^. 74.

Gills ftrong.

PiLEOs at firft bluntly conical, dark reddifh brown and woolly at the
apex, the edge olive brown ; afterwards a more uniform rich
brown.

Stem cylindrical, rarely ftraight, tapering greatly downwards at the
root.

In fimilar fituations ^vith the preceding. Oft.

Var. 2. Gills white, flefhy, 8 in a fet. Pileus dark brown and
olive. Stem nearly white, cylindrical. Curtain and Ring
yellow. , ’

Pileus dark and woolly in the centre, border rich yellow olive, i
to inch diameter, ci-acjcing and turning up when old.

Stem white, with a pinky or brownifh tir^e, cylindrical throughout,
2 to 3 inches high. Curtain cottony, pale yellow. Ring deeper
yellow. A much fmaller plant than the preceding varieties.

On a hedge bank in the Edgbafton old road. 25th Sept,

Var. 3. Gills white, 4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus convex, different
(hades of brown. Stem nearly cylindrical, brownifh. Curtain
woolly. Ring broad, turned down on the ftem, permanent.

Gills fixed, white, 4 or 8 in a fet.

Pileus various (hades of yellow, rfed, or olive, to cool pale brown,
darker in the center, convex, flightlyboffed, edge turned down,
cracking when fully expanded, ;to 4 inches over. Flejh white.

Stem folid, fpongy, Imooth, from rich red brown to nearly white,
cylindrical, feldom ftraight, filky, fhining, 2 to 4 inches high,
t inch diameter.

Ring permanent, formed by the curtain, which, is thick, tough,
and woolly, turning down upon the ftem. The curtain in the
young ftate of the plant extends up the ftem quite to the Gills,
and then ftretches downwards to the edge of the pileus, forming
ftriae or rifing fcores upon the top of the ftem, to which the Gills
are not connefted, but which on a carelefs examination gives
them an appearance of a decurrency, not really exifting.

Grows in large clufters in the hollows left by the felling of trees.

I Sept. Oft.

•* VAR.4. Gills dufky white, flefhy, tough, diftant, 4 in a fet.
Pileus convex, ruft-coloured. Stem ruft-colourcd, tapering up-
wards. Ring white, tough, permanent.

Bolt. 1 6.

IGills adhering to the ftem by a narrow claw.

'‘Pileus i inch diameter, feeling like harfli woollen cloth. Fkjh white.

Btem folid, firm, elaftic.

X2

The

316

C R Y P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

The whole plant of a tough leathery fuhftance, and in decay dries
and withers. Fixby Park, under oak trees. 0(51. 1786. Bolton.
VaR. 5. Gills white, in pairs. Pileusf(rii:-colour, convex. Stem
brownifh. Ring white, permanent.

Bolt. 1 9.: — Battar. 11. F.

Gills few, narrow, bpttle.

PiLEUs clotliyi not much broader than the top of the ftem, convex.
Stem thick as one’s thumb in the largeft plants, cluftered together,
and uniting neSfh the root.-

Curtain narrow, dead white, foft, cottony. Subftance dry, light,
fpongy, cotnpreflibl6, elaftic.

Takes root under the bark of decaying larch trees. In a fmall
plantation at Lee Bridge, near Halifax. Autumn. Bolton.

aipfed * AGA'RICUS cyathoi'des. (Bolt.) — Gills white, 4
in a iet, changing to brownifh white. Pilieus umber
brown, flat, but foon turning up. Stem grey white,
with whiter reticulated veins. —

Bolt. 1^5 ; fbut none of the references.)

Gills fixed.

Pileus thin, fmtwth, filky, 2 or 3 inches over, foon turning com-
pletely up fo as to form a funnel-like cup, which fometimes con-
tra(5ls partially fo as almoft to form diftincfl cups.

Stem folid, confiftingof a ftrongrind, filled with a white fpongy
pith. Surface dulky white, marked with longitudinal reticula-
tions of a whiter colour. Bo lton.

Grew under an old melon frame. Feb.

circled AGA'RICUS zona'rius. (Bull.) — Gills buffy white,
4 in a fet, but irregular and varioufly branched, Pileus
pale brown, with darker circles, gently convex, edge
turned in. Stem nearly cylindrical, buffy white. —

Schaf. 235, (very exact to our fpecimens.J—Bull. 104, the plant, but
paler than ours.

Gills fixed, white, with a very pale buffy tinge, numerous, 4 in a
fet when regular, but the long ones often fplitting, and then
the fmaller ones are excluded.

Pileus pale brown, with concentric circles of a reddifh brown,
fmooth, flattifh at the top or rather a little deprefled, tides bent
down and a little turned in, to 3 indies over,
white, thin.

Stem folid, white, with a flight buffy or, pinky tinge, cylindrical, or
a little tapering downwards, rarely quite ftraight, or quite
central, if inch high, f inch diameter.

Milk

I

AGARICUS. Solid and Fixed. 3 17

Milk in the Gills and cortical part of the Filers ,abun,dant,

white, very acrid. ' ' y- : ,3,

Dam of the great pool in Edgbafton Park, plentifully, but ! have
not found it elfcwhere. Aug.

AGA'RICUS in'teger. (Linn.) — Gills white, moflly crvvjon
uniform. Pileus. pf various tints from red to brp>vn.

Stem w'hite. — i . m?

Gills fixed, white, mollly uniform, flefliy, moderately thick fet,
yellowilh with age. * .,1.^.: ,

PiLEUs crimfon, pink, lilac, or tawny brown,- changing tc^ dirty
yellow, or to lead colour; often glutinous,; regularly conveif, pfteu
{cored at the edge, which turns up whar old.; froin i to 4 inches
over. Tkjh white.

Stem folid, white, cylindrical, r^ to 25 inches high, ^ to i inch
diameter.

Ag. ftipitatus, lamellis omnibus magnitudine aequalibus. 11.

Suec. 1230. — Ray Sjn. p. 4. n. 16.

This is a very common Agaric, and one of the moft beautiful of
the tribe, but its evanefeent and varying tints, as well as the great
differences In its fize, are apt to puzzle the younger botanifts. The
Ikin of the pileus is very ready to ftrip off. Snails are very fond of
this fpecies,

Var. I . Gills uniform, conneAed by crofs threads. Pileus pink
to lilac.

Bdt. I .—Sch^. 58 — 75—92, are all reprefentations of this plant, in
general pretty well done.^ — Baitar, 1 5. C. £. — FL dan. i oog. i ,
a young plant only. — Batfch. i^,far from good, — Sterb. 22. F.

Fileus plano-convexus, vix carnol'us, pallidus aut fanguineus,
raarglne fupra fulcato puntftifque ftriato, a lamellis verfus margi-
nem interidrem capituli ab initio denticulato-connexis. Lamellce
palUdae et notantcr omnes integrae f. equales. Stipes magnus,
albus. FI. Suec. 1230. g.

Paftures, partilulariy under trees. Aug. — Nov.

Var. 2- Gills moftly uniform, yet with a fherter one fometimes
. intervening ; connedled by crofs threads. Pileus crimfon.

• f The Oil;* iri mbll of Schaeffer’s plates of this plant, are erroneoufly
drawti, j fay erroncobfljl; tiecaufe his owu dctcriptioni* often differ Irom the
drawings. 1 hus irypt: S*! 98. he particularly ti?lcrit)es the Gill as eqvH, but
in the fig. they are of twodifferent lengths, except only in pi. g-s. f. 2. The
fame may be faid of pi. 03, 94. where they are defprited as equal. bgt figured
rf'tWoor even thrie dineirciit lengths, t don^t hnnw that thefe vafictics,

8«h»tr. gj. have yci bfeen ieen in England.

X3 Sclueff.

3>8

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Schceff. 15 — 16.

This is the moft common one, is found in fimilar fituations and
fealbnff with the former. The threads or ligaments connedl the
Gills with each other and%ith the Pileus. They are white, and arc
moftly found pretty clofe to the infide of the pileus. — Ray fyn^ p. 3.
h. 7, probably this plant. ■

VAR.3. Gills often forked, fometimes- at both ends, andinofcu*
lating with thofe on each fide. Pileus blood red.

Bull. Ag. fanguineus.

Stem a kind of horny coat filled with a fpongy matter. This clr-
cumftance is more obvious in this than in the other varieties, but I
can find no other difference.

Paftures, particularly under large oaks, Edgbafton. loth Aug.
Var. 4. Pileus delicate grey, changing to lead colour.

Herefordlhire. Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse. — Dam
of fquare flew, Edgbafton. 17th 0<ft. — Tettenhall plantations.

July.

Var. 5. Pileus dirty yellow. Gills yellowifti, uniform.

Gills fixed, perfedly uniform, yellow or yellowifti white.

Pileus convex, center hollow when fully expanded, vifcid, yellow;
in fome fpecimens quite yellow in the center, buffy on the fides,
and with ftill more of a reddifh tinge at the edge; 4 inches
over.

Stem folid, but fpongy; white, or yellowifti white, tapering up-
wards, 2 inches high and i inch diameter.

There is little doubt but Mr. Hudfon’s luteus, rejedling the
Synon. of Vaill. is a variety of integer. Mr. Woodward.

Ag, luteus, Huds.'

Mr. Hudfon remarks the affinity of this to the Ag. integer, and I
fufpecft that its differences arife from growing in the fliade of trees.

Meadow's and paftures under trees and in groves. Aug. 06i. —
Under a large oak in Edgbafton Park. loth July, 1792.— At Wool-
hope, Herefordlhire. Mr. Stackhouse.

* VaR. 6, Pileus dirty yellowifti or reddifti. Gills very white,
unequal. Juice milky, mild. Drawing and defcription from
Mr. Stackhoues, whp found it on Coplar Hill, near
Hereford.

JIat-topped A G A ' R I C U S trunca'tus. (Sch^ff.) — Gills dirty
white, in pairs. Pileus brick red, conical but flat at
top w'hen young. Stem whitifli, cylindrical, fwollen at
the root, — .

Schceff.251,

‘ dlls

3^9

AGARIGUS. Solid and Fixed.

Gills fixed. Pileus conical but flat'at the top when young, chang-
ing to convex, and nearly flat when old ; 2 inches over. Sim fdlid,
inch high, f inch diameter, fwollen and brown at the bale.
Schaffer.

Ag.'vifcidus. HuDS.614. i8.

This is introduced from Schaeffer on the authority of Mr.

Hudfon, who refers to it as a fynonym to the Ag. vifcidus of Linn,
which is a very different plant to this of Schaeffer ; but as the cha-
radler Linnaeus gives to his vifcidus could never lead Mr. Hudfon
to this plant of Schaeffer, I muft fuppofe that he had found the latter
to be the plant before him, and only erred in referring it to the
fpecies of Linnaeus. Mr. Hudfon likewife refers to Scop. 1 477, but
Scopoli refers his fpecies, which he calls purpurafeens, to FI. Suec.

1232, and thefe feem alfo to be Schaeffer’s plant. The real Ag.
vifcidus of Linnaeus has lately been found in England, and will
therefore be introduced in its proper place.

Woods and groves. Sept. 061.

* AGA'RICUS cro'ceus. (Bolt.) — Gills white, 4 faffron
in a fet. Pileus rather conical, Icnappy, yellow. Stem coloured
white, in part covered with yellow knap. —

Bolt. 51.2, drawing too fmall. — Bull. 362, larger and more of a brown
cajl. — Batjeh. 97.

Gills fixed, numerous. Pileus at firft conical. Stem cylindrical,
folid, 3 inches high, thick as a fwan’s quill ; white, but more than
half its length covered with a w'oolly knap of a yellow colour. Cur-
tain fugacious, fixed to the ftem where the woollinefs ends. Bolt.

Gills numerous, unequal, pure white.

Pileus golden brown, velvety, convex.

Stem colour of the pileus as high as the ring.' Curtain delicate,

■ brown, feparating in fringes on the edge of the pileus and on the
ftem. Mr. Stackhouse.

In the Burks, and other woods about Halifax. — Comb Woods,
near Bath. MuStackhouse.

AGA'RICUS elepkanti'nus. (Bolt. ) — Gills elephant
yellowifh white, flelhy, wide apart, 4 in a fet. Pileus
Drown yellow, changing to black, and cracking. Stem
white. —

Bolt. 28. — Battar. g. A.

Gills fixed, yellowifh white, very flefliy, fet wide afunder, 4ina fet.

Pileus brown yellow, vifeid, changing to almoft black, and crack-
ing like burnt clay ; femi-globular, but with irregular depref-
fions. plejh white.

Stem

320

OWV^P T O G'^AMI A. Fuiigi.

STilA^foHi^‘'Whtie^/-contra<fted at the bottdm, 2 to 5 inches high,
and 2 in diameter.

^’I^His and the following fpecles require fbrther attention to deter-
mine whether they really are or are not diftindl. I am difpofed,
from their general habits, to believe they are not, but yet I am ftag-
gered by the remarkable differences in the Ikudture of the Gills.

Edgbafton Park, in various places, but always under oak or Spa-
nifh chefnut trees. 13 th Aug. 1791.

gold-headed AGA^RICUS auva'tus. Gills yellow white, uni-
form, often fplitting, connefted by threads. Pileus golden
yellow, vifeid, fiat, the fides turned down. Stem white. —
Gills fixed, yellowiffi white, in one feries only, often fplitting,
connedled and ftrengthened by tranfverfe threads or ligaments
extending from one Gill to another near the inner furface of the
pileus.

Pileus deep golden yellow, changing when old to dark blotches as
if theeffeeft of fire; vifeid, flattilh at the top, 5 inches over,
about an inch of the border turned down nearly fquare with the
flat top, and parallel to the fides of the ftem. hejh white.'

Stem folid, white, tapering upwards fo as to be far thinner at the
top, 2 inches high, i inch diameter.

When an unexpanded button, the vvhole plant is entirely white,
pr entirely yelipwifh. This fpecies, though fo large and fo remark-
able, feems to have been overlooked. Probably itie dark burnt
blotches upon the pileus may have caufed it to be confounded with
the Ag. ad7ifius, before mentioned, or with the Ag. ekpkantinus. The
difference however of ftmdlure has latisfied me that it is not the
former fpecies. Major Velley very juftly remarked to me, that the
vtfeid Agarics are much difpofed to get dark tints. This plant can-
not be the Ag, vifeidus of Mr, Hudfon, for he cites, though doubt-
fully, Vaill, 62, n, which is a plant of no uncommon bulk or
folidily. The Gills too in his are yellow.

Ag. quinquepartitus. Linn,?

Under a large pak, near the fecond flew, Edgbafton Park.

2ift Aug. 1791,

green *AGA'RICL<S vlr'idis. (Ray.) — Gills white, flefliy,
brittle, 4 in a fet. Pileus blue green. Stem cylindrical,
whitfti.— ^

Jiolt. 1 2. Sierh. 5. C. — fSchaJf. i, is Ag. aruginojns.j
Gills fixid, narrow.

I’lLEbs hemifoherical, 2 or 3 inches diameter, greyifh blue, dry,
feels like coarfe cloth, Fkjh thick, firm, hard, brittle, white.

Stem

32 1

AGARIC US. Solid and Fixed.

STEMfolid, dulky white, cylindrical, bard, 3 Inches high, thick as
a fwan quill. Bolton.

Fungus magnus viridis. Rav Tyn. p. 2. n. g*-" Ag. cstruleus.

Bolt. p. 12.

Var. I. Gills whltifh. Stem grcenilh.

Ag. viridis. Hudf. 614. 16. excluding the references to Haller and
Schieffer. .or'

In woods.

** Gills browm.

AG A'RICUS vacci'nus. (ScHiEFF.) — Gills pale brinded
brown, edge white, 3 in a fet. Pileus brown, fcurfy,
convex, gently bolfed. Stem cylindrical, brown. —

Sch<rff. 25; veiy good.

Gills fixed, pale, changing to reddilh brown, white at the edge
when young, 8 in a fet.

Pileus brown, convex, (lightly bofled, fcurfy with' fcales of vari-
ous lhades of brown, 1 2 to 3 inches over.

STEMfolid, cylindrical, brown, fcored, 3 to 4 inches high, itof
inch diameter, often crooked.

Ikfh of the whole plant white, attaining a reddilh tinge when
cxpofed to the air.

Plantations in Edgbafton Park. ‘ 13^!^ Sept. lyQt*

AGA'RICUS for'didus. (Dicks.) — Gills brown, 8 fordid
in a fet. Pileus darker brown, hollow. Stem cylindri-
cal, brown, bulbous, —

Bolt. 59, — Dickf. t. 3. /. I.

Gills fixed, dead brown, 4 or 8 in a fet, moderately numerous.

Pileus brown, darker than the Gills or ftem, and Hill darker in the
center, funnel-lhaped, to 2^ Inches over.

Stem folid, brown, cylindrical but a little fwollen at the bafe to
form the root, 2 to 4 inches high, i-8th to i-4th inch diameter.

Ag. ftipitatus, pilco et lamellls livido-fufcis, centro umbilicato,
margine deflexo, ftipite ball crafliore. — ObJ, Pileus totus fullglnofus.

Dicks, fafc. cryp. p. 16.

Paftures, Edgbafton. Nov.

Failures and commons near Bungay. Mr. Woodw'ard. — Woods
near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.

AGA'RICUS araneofus. (Bull.)— Gills red brown , broad-gllkd
broad and fhort,4 in a fet. Pileus brown, conical, cracked.

Stem brown, tapering downwards. Curtain pale brown.

Bull. aramqfusrimojus. •

Gills

3^^ C R YPTOGAMIA. Fungi,

Gills fixed, reddifh brown, 4 in a fet, large Gills nearly as broad
as lorig, and fixed by a claw to the ftem.

Pile us convex, rather conical, brown, fattinyj with cracks of a paler
colour from the center to the edge, inch over, fkjh very
thin, pale yellow. ^

Stem folid, brown, fattiny, cylindrical, but rather thickening to-
wards the bottom, 2 to 3 inches high, a-Sthstog-Sths diameter.

Curtain pale brown, fattiny, evanefcent.

Edgbaflon Park. 17th Sept. 1791.

piped AGA'RICUS r/W/wj. (Bull.)— Gills\)live brown,
2 or 4 in a fet, Pileus firiped reddilh brown and yellow,
conical, boiled. Stem yellowifh white, cylindrical,——

Bull. ^88; (excellent.)

Gills fixed, olive brown, 2 or 4 in a fet.

Pileus conical, boffed, firiped red brown and yellow, by cracks
extending from the edge to the bafe of the bofs; border uneven,
2 inches over; tearing with age.

Stem folid, yellowifh white, cylindrical, but thickened juft under
the pileus, crooked, fmooth, 2 to 2f inches high, thick as a goofe
quill.

Paftures, Edgbafton. Early in Aug. to the end of Sept.

Spmijhjmff AGA'RICUS orichal'ceus. (Batsch.) - Gills dart
Cinnamon, not numerous, 4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus gently

cinnamon, edge rather turned down. Stem
whitilh, nearly cylindrical. —

Batfch. 184; (veiygood.)

Gills fixed to the ftem by a claw, very broad, dark cinnamon, not
very numerous, 4 in a fet in the fmaller, 8 in the larger
fpecimens. “

Pileus regularly and gently convex, light cinnamon, fometimes
darker in the center, edge a little turned in, vifcid in moift,
fattiny in dry weather; 1 to 3 inches over. E/e/^ white, not
thick. Curtain evanefcent, leaving a ftain on the fiem.

Stem folid, whitifh, with a few brown fcales, often ftained by the
fall of the feeds from the Gills, which are of a Spanifh fouff
colour, cylindrical, but rather thickeft upwards ;■ 2 to 4 inches
high, -I to ^ inch diameter. 7?oof a fmall bulb. ‘

_ A large quantity of feeds fall from the Gillsof this Agaric, ftain-
ing the fingers as well as the ftem of a Spanifh fnuff colour: Stem
folid, but it has a central pith different in colour from the furround-
ing flefh.

Plantations at Edgbafton, and at Bar.

Sept.
AG A-

AGARICUS. Solid and Fixed. 323

AGA'RICUS Mhcau'lis. Gills brown, numerous, milkyjlemm'd
2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus convex, light brown buff, border
whitilh. Stem white, bending, fplitting.—

(One of the taller fig. in the plate of Bull. 102, if properly coloured^
would give a tolerable idea of this plant in its fully expanded fiate.)

Gills fixed, brown, very numerous, 2, but moftly 4 in a fet.

Pileus gently convex, nearly flat when fully expanded, cracking in
the center, brownifh buff in the middle, paler and almoft
white towards the edge, 2 to 2^ inches over. F/ejX very thin,
white.

Stem folid, white, cylindrical, tender, fplitting, moftly crooked, 4
or 5 inches long, thick as a goofe quill.

Juice of the ftem dilutely milky, the milk not acrid. The whole
plant very tender.

Plantations, Edgbafton, amongft old leaves and deep grafs ; feve-
ral together. 1 1 th Odl. 1790.— 25th Sept. 1 791 .

Var. I. Gills light reddilh brown. Pileus dark red brown,
center deprefled. Stem fhort.

Gills fixed, lighter colour than the pileus, numerous, unequal.

Pileus deep red brown, fmooth, circular, deprefled in the center,
edge turned do\vn, \ inch over. ,

Stem folid, fhort, thick, the fize of a reed. Jwcft . milky, mild.

Specimen and defcription, (but no habitat,) from Mr. Stack-
house.

AGA'RICUS fub-purpuras'cens. (Batsch.) — Gills violet
brown, numerous, 4 or 0 in a fet. Pileus brown, convex,
concave with age. Stem violet, bulbous. —

Bull. 439, the lower figures, but they want the purple Jlem. — Batfck.

' — fl,ut I have not obferved the fiejk to change to violet when cut.)

Gills fixed, brown, numerous, tender, 4 or 8 in a fet.

Pileus brown, convex, regular, flnking in the center when old,
vifcid when moift, fattiny when dry, 2 to 3 inches over. Fiejk
fpongy, white.

Stem folid, violet colour, fcurfy, thickening at the tdp, bulbous at
the bafe, 2 to 3 inches high, 3-8ths in diameter.

Mr. Bulliard has figured feveral varieties in the plate referred to
above, but I think the upper figures ought to rank under the Ag.
violaceus, notwithftanding the want of a curtain.

Paftures, Edgbafton. 13th Sept.

GilLs

3^4

,C R Y P T Q G A M I A. Fungi,

** * Gills 1 purplifh.

c'obzveb AG A RIG US glauco'pus. (Sch^ff.)— Gills brown,
changing with age to a pinkv or lilac tinge, 4 to 8 ih a
fet. Pileus chefnut, femi-globular, rather flatted at top,
rolled in. Stem thick, white of pinky. Curtain
dpbweb-like. —

■ Bull g6 ; th habit excellent.— Schkff. ^^^ good; Schceff.^2. f. 1.2.

M’ 3 4> thejlem too long, and Jlender.

GTlls fixed, brown ; when. old changing to a. pinky or a lilac colour,
fmall for the fize of the plant, 4 in a fet in the younger, 8 in the
older fpecimens.

Pileus uniform, pale chefnut, covered with a very glutinous var-
nifli ; femi-globular, but a little flatted at the top, and the edge

confidcrably turned in ; 4 inches over. Flsjk white, with a pinky
tinge.

Stem foUd, whitifh, with a pinky or lilac tinge, 2 inches long, i
inch diameter. Root very large, bulbous.

Curtain like a fine cobweb, whofe threads extend from the flem
to the edge of the pileus.

Ray^'n. p. 3. n, 13, has been referred to for this plant, and alfo
for the Ag. violaceus of Linn, but though the general defer! ption
perfeAly accords with this fpecies, yet the white Gills, which arc

repeatedly mentioned, fatisfy me that it is a plant different from

this as well as from the violaceus, which it in no refpeft refemblcs,
except merely in the colour of the flem. Major Velley juflly
remarks, that this plant of Dillenius agrees with 2398 of Haller,
who refers to SchaefF. 38 ; a plant not now known to exifi: in England
but probably it will not much longer efcape the obfervation of our
botanills.

As* ^idbofus, R. Angl. is I believe the plant before me. Mr.
Hudfon has been cenfured for making this a fpecies different frpiTi
the violaceus of Linn, but I am fatisfied that he has done right, and
that his character is fufficient to diferirainate them. He does not
fay, “ lamellis caruleis,'’ but “ candefeentibus,'’ by which I imagine
he means that they attain this colour in the progrefs of growth only,
and are not originally fo. His “ ftipes brevis,'\ is very expreffive,
pnd his charadler of the Pileus is pretty exadl. Had he referred to
SchasfF. 53, inflead of 34, which is the violaceps, his readers would
have underftood him better, and his reference to Ray has only
ferved to increafe the mifunderflanding. This is one of the Agarics
which, as well as fome of the Boleti, are much difpofed when in
pickle, to run into the vinous fermentation.

Plantations, Edgbaflon,* rare, 5th Sept.

AGA'>

AGARIGUS. Solid and Fixed.

AGA'RICUS viola'ceus. (Linn.) — Gills purple, fnuff
numerous, 8 in a fet. Pileus purple to brown, convex,
edge turned down. Stem purple, cylindrical. —

Ag. ftipitatus, pilei margine violaceo tomentofo, ftipite caerule-
fcente lana ferruginea. FI. faec. 1226.

Schisff. 3'. fg. 1 . 5* 6, mmflrmis, hut not uncommon varieties. — Bull.

250. — Bolt. 52, tints very deep. — Sclneff. 5G, monjlrcus varieties.
—Mich. 74. I. Btixb. 4. 22, 7iot at all charadferijlic. — Buxh. 4.

II, amonjler, htU the defcription agrees. — (Buxh. 4. g, certainly
notourplmt; Batjch. 22, very unlike it.)

Gills fixed, from pale lilac to deep violet; numerous, 8 in a fet;
long Gills fometimes cloven.

PileOs purple, or reddifh brown, or purple only at the edge, foft,
fmooth, firm, convex, but centrally depreffed with age, and
cracking at the edge, which is always rather turned down ; from
^ inch to 5 inches over.

Stem folid, cylindrical, purple, bulbous at thebafe, from i to 4
inches high, and from f to i inch diameter. Curtain like a cob-
web, its fragments fometimes left hanging to the edge of the
pileus.

This fpecies differs very much in fize, as well as in its tints. In
an advanced ftate the pileus lofes its lilac colour and afTumes a ruf-
fet hue, yet the Gills continue with little or no change of colour.

Here I mull remark, that a more permanent criterion, as to colour,
may be looked for in the Gills, than in any other part of the Aga-
rics in general. Major Ve l i e y .

Fikus large, circular, flightly convex, colour various, from the
deepeft purple to a rufty brown. Gills of a beautiful pale purple,
unequal lengths. Stem fhort, thick, folid, fwelling at the bafe.
Bulliard remarks a circumftance which I have obfer\'ed, that In ma-
turity it erriits a plentiful powder of the colour of Spanifh fnuff.

Mr. Stackhouse.

Edgbaflon and Bar plantations, not uncommon. OA. — Dec.

Woods near Bath. Major Velley. — Powick near Worcefler. Mr.
Stackhouse.

Var.i. Without a curtain. Gills very irregular.

Bolt. 147. — Bull. 439. A. — Scba:ff. 34.

Gills violet coloured, irregular in difpofition, 2, 3, or'4inafet,
turning brown with age.

Pileus pale brown with more or lefs of a violet tinge, fmooth, con-
vex and boffed, when fully expanded concave, to 2 or 3 inches
diameter.

Stem folid, pale brown with a violet tinge, fcored, cylindrical up-
wards but thickening into a bulb at the bafe, i ^ to 2-^ inches high,
and i to ^ inch diameter.

This

26'

CRYPTOGAM! A. Fungi.

This plant varies very much in fize, and the violet tints are very
cvanefcent. ^

Ag. bidhojus. Huds.

Bar, StafFordfhire. Edgbafton, paftpres. 06i.

It is often found with us in fimilar fituations with the preceding;
nor can I confider with Mr. Bulliard that the abfence of the Curtairi
ought alone to conftitute a different fpecies.

J>ainted AG A'RICUS cya'neus. (Bull.)— Gills brown lilac,
numerous, 8 in a fet. Pileus bluifh green, gently
convex, edge a little turned down. Stem bluifh green
fcored, crooked. Curtain white. — '

Bull. 1 70. — Bolt. 30.

Gills fixed, brown lilac, white within, generally 8 in a fet, but
in fome large fpecimens the 2 longer feries of Gills divide to-
wards the edge of the pileus, and then the fmall Gills are not to
be found.

Pileus conical when young, at full growth nearly flat, but a little
turned down at the edge ; cracking in the center with age ; blu-
ifli green, vifcid, 2 to 3 inches over. Flefh white.

Stem folid, bluifh green,^ whitifh with fcurf when young, crooked,
fcored, 2 to 3 inches high, i to inch diameter. Root bulbous.
Curtain white cottony.

It is remarkable that when the green vifcid mucilage is fcraped off
the pileus, or wears off in its more advanced age, the real colour
appears, which is nearly that of copper. Alfo that the Gills are white
when their cover of purple paint is removed. The whole fkin of
the pileus eafily ftrips off and fhews the white flefh underneath
Rookery, in Edgbafton Park. Ocft. Nov.

garden

rummer

A G A ' R I C U S tor'tiUs. Gills purplifli flelli-
colour, few, 4 m a fet. Pileus red brown, convex, turn-
ing up with age. Stem dufky, flefli-colour

Bolt. 41 . A.

Gills fixed.

Pileus dark reddifh brown, convex, changing to flat, and ihen

turned up, the edge crumpled and diftorted in vari, as modes,
2-8ths to 3-8ths of an inch over.

Stem folid, J of an inch high, i-ioth in diameter, Bolton.

Rich garden mould, about the roots of umbrageous plants.

**** Gills buff.

AGA RICUS calycifor'mis . Gills buff, very numer-
ous, 4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus brown buff, entirely inverted.
Stem pale brownifh buff.— ^atjch.

AGARIC US. Solid and Fixed. 327

Eatjch. 1 18, freprefents our plant, but the Gills iji ows are not Jplk,nfr
have they the leajl degree of decurrence.)

Gills fixed, buff, changing to fnufF-coloured brown ; yery.nume-
rcjus, 4 or 8 in a fet.

Pile 1)5 brownilh buff, deepeft in the center, wholly turned up, i to
2 inches over.

Stem folid, but becoming hollow with age, pale brownilh buf^ 2
inches high ; thick as a raven’s quill.

The whole pileus is turned up fo that the plant appears like a
rummer glafs. I never happened to detedl it with the pileus othei-
wife than as defcribed, fo that its convex or fiat ftate is probably of
Ihort continuance. It requires a further examination.

Plantations in Edgbafton Park. 5th Nov. i ygo.

*AGA'RICUS il'Utus. Gills buff, narrow, few, 4 in gluey
a fet. Pileus nearly fiat, leathery, livid tawny. Stern
buff, rather thick. —

Gills fixed, light buff, 4 in a fet, but irregular, ver^^ narrow, very
thinly fet, curling up in drying, and adhering fo clofely to the
under furface of the pileus, by means of a gelatinous matter with
which the plant abounds, that each gill alTumes the appearance
of a hollow tube.

Pileus tawny, inclining to a leaden hue, fmooth, of a thick lea-
thery texture, but not fielhy, inch diameter.

Stem folid? light buff, thick for the fize of the plant. Major
Velley.

In a pine grove by the fham caftle on Claverton Down, near
Bath, but rare. Major Velley .

AG A 'R I CDS ru'ber. Gills buff, 4 in a fet. Pileus orange-red
orange red, flat, border turned down. Stem reddilh,
cylindrical. Juice milky, mild. —

Gills fixed, pale buff, numerous, 4 in a fet.

Pileus full brick red, to chefnut, fiat, but the center deprefied, and
the edge turned down ; i to 2 inches over.

Stem folid, red, cylindrical, ftrong, 2 inches high, 3-8ths diameter.

Specimen, drawing, and defcription, from Mr. Stackhouse,
who found it in woods near Bath ; Comb Green. Oefi:. 1 7S8.

• VaR. I. Stem much paler than the pileus. Juice yellow.

Bolt. 9 ; fnot Sckeff. 73.7

Woods about Halifax. 06i. Mr. Bolton.

** *** Gills

328

C« Y P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

***** Gills yellow. : .

many Jlemni^d ^ *AGA'RICUS conna'tus. Gills pale yellow, 4
in a fet. Pileus convex, pale yellow, centre tawny. Stem
cylindrical, fmooth, dirty buff. —

Bolt. 148. (Mich. 79. 4, is a very different plant; andSterb. 25,
more like Ag. fajcicidaris.j
Varies much in fize. It is a rare fpecies.

Gills fixed, arched, narrow, pale yellow, 4 in a fet.

Pileus convex, thin, to 2 inches over. Curtain pale yellow, fu'
gacious.

Stem folid, readily fplitting, 3 inches high, inch diameter; feve-
ral from one root, which is long, taper, fibrous. Bolton.

Ag. ramofo-radicatus. Bolt. 148.

Plantations, Fixby Hall, and near Darlington.

brittle ^ * A G A'R I C U S fra'gihs (Linn.) — Gills yellow, 4
in a fet. Pileus and Stem golden brown. —

Ag. ftipitatus, pileo convexo vifcido pellucido, lamellifque iuteis,
filpite nudo.

Vaill. par. xi. 16. 17. 18. — Schicff. 230.

Gills fixed, yellow, 4 in a fet; long ones 16 or 18.

Pileus rich brown yellow, vifcid, convex, at firft pointed then
dimpled in the centre, fides fcored, 2 to 3-8th of an inch over.
Stem folid, pale or rich brovra yellow, tender, watery, vifcid,
inch high, not thicker than a large pin. Vaill. Sch.eff. — Stem
tall in proportion, generally curved, fmooth. 'Pileus thin, with-
out flefli, thence tranfparent; and from the Gills being vifible
through it, ftriated. Gt7/r narrowing at each end. Mr.Woonw.
— Very like Ag. parvus in its external appearance, and the places
of growth are the fame, but differs effentially in ftrudlure accord-
ing to the authors from whom the preceding particulars are taken.
Woods and hedges amongft mofs and fallen leaves. [Pine Grove*

, at Kirby, Norfolk, on mofs. Mr. Woodward.] Aug.— Oeft.

brozm yellow *AGA'RCUS fquamo'fus. (Sch^ff.)— Gills yel-
lowifh, toothed, 4 in a fet. Pileus brown yellow, con-
vex but irregular, ragged with fcales. Stem brown yel-
low, lealy. — , ^

Schceff. 29 and 30.

Gills fixed, whitilh yellow, toothed or notched at the edge.'

Pileus brown or gteyifh yellow, fcaly; convex but very-irregular
in fhape, fometimes hollow in the center, 3 inches over.

■ SrEM

AGARICUS. Solid aind Fixed. 329

Stem folid, brown yellow, fcaly, irregular in fhape, to 3 inches
high, 'I inch or more in diameter. ScHjeFFER, — ^The hard fcaly
texture of the Pileus and ftem, together with the indented Gills,
well charafterifed in Schaeffer’s fibres. Major VELLEYr ^

Ag. fquamofus. HUDS1614. iyi

Old trees in Ditchingham. tlELHAfJ. tl. Caiitab.— On decayed
trees, particularly on old willows. Aug. — Nov<

•AGA'RICUS perom'tus. (Bolt.) — Gills pale fpattet dq/hed
Watery ftraw colour^ 4 in a fet, Pileus brown, hemifphe-
rical, femi-pellueidi Stem, its lower half cloathed with
yellow wool. —

Bolt, 58.

Gills fixed, few, thin, narrow, pellucid, 4 In a fet.

Pileus like a mixture of brown and white wool, thin, without

flefh.

Stem folid, film, tough, pale ftraw colour, ^ppSr part cylindrical
fmooth, lower half furrounded with a cottony or woolly
fubftance of a bright yellow colour ; 3 inches highj thick as a
raven quill. Bolton.

A rare fpecies. In the deep arid moift parts of Woods near
Halifax. Bolt. — [In the Abbey Wood, at Flixton, Suffolk, and
Earfham Wood, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.]

* Var.'i. Gills pale brownifh yellow. Pileus and ftem pale
yellow.

Schd^. 77*

■i

Gills numerous^narrow;

Pi LEUS whitifh, flat, thin, edge turned down, i or i§ inch oven
Stem folid, cylindrical, whitifh yellow, near 2 inches high, thick asri
raven’s quill. Smells like hawthorn. Defcriptiori and drawing
from Mr. Stackhouse.

Woods near Bath.

* VaR. 2. Gills pale whitifh yellow. Pileus yellowiftl whitCj flan
Stem tapaing upwards, ruft-coloured and woolly below^

Bull. 158 and 524. 1.

Gills unequal.

Pileus flat, i inch over, often deprelFed in the middle: and waved
at the edge.

; Stem folid, 3 or 4 iriches high, thick as a duck's quill, arid covered
with ruft coloured wool below, tapering arid thinner upwards.-
It has a ftrong fmell of garlic. Mr. Stackhouse.

Woods near Bath. Bagley Wood, Oxfordfhire, in company with
Major Velky and thp Hon. Mr. Wenman. Mr. StAckhousE<

Vol, HI.

Y

• AGA-

33«

CRYPTO GAM I A. FungL

rigid * AGA'RICUS oedemato'pus. (ScHjEFF.) — Gills pale
brownifh yellow, few, flefhy, in pairs. Pileus reddifii
brown, conical, edge turned in. Stem dirty brown,
thickeft in the middle. —

Bolt. 43. — Schceff. 259; colours richer.— (A^ot Bull. 76 ; nor Batfch.
15. — FI. dan. 833. i, is Ag. aurdntius.J
Gills fixed, pale yellow, narrow, brittle, crumpled.

Pileus dufky reddifh brown, conical, edge turned in, crumpled,
waved, fplitting, 2 inches from the edge to the top of the cone.
Fkjh thick, dry, white.

Stem folid, brown grey, hard, dry, brittle, thickeft in the middle,
5 or 6 inches high, and 1 inch or more in diameter in the.
thickeft part. Bolton.

Ag. rigidus. Bolt.

Plantations and wood grounds about Fixby Hall. July, Aug.

imperial AGA'RICUS icafa'reus. (Sch/eff.) — Gills golden
yellow, 4 in a fet. Pileus fine lake red, to rich orange
buff, convex, boffed. Stem buff and rofe, tapering
upwards. —

Schceff. 247. — BcUtar. 4. C.jujl broke forth from its nnrapper. — Mick.
77. 1. — Cluf. hijl. 272. 273.

Gills fixed, bright golden yellow, juft under the edge of the pileus
nearly orange, very regularly difpofed 4 in a fet ; none of them
branched; flefhy, brittle, ferrated at the edge with a paler
cottony matter.

Pi LEus fine lake red, changing with age to a rich orange and buff,
and every intermediate fhade of thefe colours which render it
ftrikingly beautiful ; convex, center boffed, edge turned down,
3 to 4 inches diameter, clothy to the touch. Fkjh pale buff.

Stem folid, nearly cylindrical, but gradually tapering upwards, rich
buff, fhaded with fine rofe red ; 3 to 5 inches high, inch dia-
meter. Flejh pale buffy, fpongy, claftic.

Juice milky, not at all acrid, very plentiful. The moft fplendid
of all the Agarics. It is common in Italy, and is brought to the
markets for fale. The ancient Romans efteemed it one of the
greateft luxuries of the table. It having been made the vehicle for
poifon to Claudius Caefar, by his wife Agrippina, it has been cele-
brated by the fatiric pen of Juvenal, and the epigrammatic mufeof
Martial. See Schaeffer, p. 65, chiefly taken from Cluf. hift. 273,
wliere the reader will find feveral other curious circumftances refpedl-
ing it.

This plant muft be very rare in this country, as it is unnoticed by
any of our botanifts. If was firft found by my daughter in the Red Rock

plan*

33*

AGARICUS. Solid and Fixed.

plantation at Edgbafton, feveral growing together of difFetent ages
and (izesj in a dry ibil, where either a larch or a fir tree had been cut
down 4 years before. A fe\V days afterwards V/e found it again in
company with Mr. Stackhoufe, but none of pur fpecimeng were
found with either curtain or ring. The fpecimens firft gathered
afforded a milky juice in greater abundance than I had ever feen in
any other fpeciesj but thefe the next day fhewed no flgns of milk,
neither were thofe gathered a few days afterwards on the fame fpot,
at all lablefcent. This firft taught me that the circumftance could
not be relied on as a fpecific dillinblion. It is defcribed and figured
by Clufius as being involved in a wrapper or volva, when young
and about the fize and fhaj)e of an egg. The curtain, and its re-
mains on the ftem in form of a broad permanent ring, are alfo
noticed by the authors referred to above, lb that notwithftanding the
defebl of thefe parts in our fpecimens, there can be «o doubt of
their exiftence in others.

Red Rock plantation^ Edgbafton. 6th July, 17914 Fir plantations
Tettenhall, Staffordlhircj amongft mofs* July, 1 792.

*AGA'RICU9 xerampeli'nus. (Scop.)— Gills golden purple
yellow, 2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus convex, clothy, purple to
brown yellow. Stem cylindrical, thick^ brown yellow or
pinky brown. — ^

*Var. 1. Pileus rich dark reddifh brown ; Stem brown red. Mn
Stackhouse.

* Var. 2. Pileus and ftem golden brown. Mr. Stackhouse* ^

* Var. 3. Pileus rich red purple. Stem dulky gold colour.

Bolt. 14.

' * VaR. 4. Pileus rich red brown, ftem pinky.

Scheeff. 2 1 4. 21 5, a proliferous variation. — Schaff. 2 1 g, and 254, are
other vaiieties of tMs f pecks, but I have no evidence that they havi
beenfound.in this ifland.

.'Gills fixed, not crowded, ftrong, flefhy, brittle, ferrated on the
edge with a brownifh colour.

iPiLEUs globular, bloomy purple, clothy to the touch, 3 inches
diameter. Flejh thick, brittle, white.

Stem folid, but fpongy, 3 inches long, f inch diameter, dulky gold
colour, brittle, pale yellow within. Bolton. — Gills bright yel-
low, turning brown in decay, flefhy. They have, when dil*
charging their feeds, rather a fringed than a ferrated appear-
ance. Pileus of the rich reddifh brown colour fo commonly
feen in vine leaves in the autumn, its name therefore admir-*
ably expreffive. It is one of the rooft elegant of the Agarics
when in perfedlion. Mr. Woodward. — Gills always of a bright

Y 2

bulbous

CRYPTOGAMiA. Fungi.

gold colour. Vileus of various tints, from reddilh purple to rich
brownifh yellow; flat, often deprefied in the center, edge
turned down; clothy. SUm thick, large, clothy to the feel,
purple. Often, found in clutters. Mr. Stackhouse, who
difcovered and fent me three beautiful drawings of it, prior to
its appearance in any Englifh publication. Tikus from 2 to 5
inches over, deep fafffon colour blended with purple tints, but
often of a red brown and purplifh. GiZ/r con ftantly yellow,
rather broad and full. Stem thick, from i to 4 inches long.
Major Vellev. — I apprehend that this will prove to be only a
variety of the preceding fpecies. The want of milky juice, the
fmall difference in the colour of the frudlifications fenating the
edges of the Gills, the white flefh, the deviations in the ftiape and
fize of the ftem, and the variations of the tints of the ftem and
pileus, are hardly fufRcient, in my opinion, toconttituteafpecific
difference.

fFir plantations near Bath; Fir woods at Clowance, Cornwall. Mr.

Stackhouse. — Major Velley. — Pine grove, Ditchingham. Mr.

Woodward.] Aug.

5 in. SOLID and LOOSE.

* Gills white.

AGA'RICtlS bulbo'fus, (ScHiEFF.) — Gills white,
irregular. Pileus convex, white. Stem cylindrical,
white. —

Eidl. 24T.— BoZf. 48. — Baltar. 6. A.

Gills loofe, white, or watery white, very numerous, irregular, but
moftly in pairs, the fhort ones very unequal in length, and
foitietimes not prefent.

Pileus white, at firft nearly femi-globular, cracking acrofs as it
expands further, fometimes fringed at the edge with the remains
of the curtain, fmobth, 4 Or 5 inches over. Fiejh white, fpongy,
very thick.

SrfiM folid, irregularly hollow with age, white, cylindrical, fmoolh,
rarely quite ftraight, 4 inches high, ^ inch or more in diameter.
Rmg permanent, broad, white.

This is one of thofe Agarics which poffefTes all the parts belong-
ing to the Genus, and being on a large fcale, is well fitted for in-
ftrudriag the learner to underttand them. In its embryo ftate it is
inclofed in a wrapper, and is equal in fize to a large pullet's egg. If
this be cut through vertically, the fedfion brings to view the Gills,
the pileus, the ttcm as yet imperfedlly formed, and the curtain
extending from the ftem to the edge of the pileus, the remnants of

which

AGARICUS. Solid and Loofe.

which in a more advanced ftate of growth, are fometimes obfervaljle
fringing the edge of the pileus, and always forrping a broad ring
round the upper part of the ftem. A good drawing of it ip its egg-
i ftate may be feen in BuUiard, pi. 364. A.

It is fubjedl to feveral other trifling variations :

: I. — Center bofled, furface very vifcid, changing to pale afli-colour,.

This happens principally in the aptumn.
t2._Proliferous; another fmaller one of the fame growing on the
pileus qf a larger plant. This I have feen happen whep growing
in the rank foil of a hot bed in the middle of fummer.

I It may be found from fpring to the end of autumn in fich foil.

[Not unfrequent in gardens, particularly on the fide^ and the bafe
of hot beds. I have feen it on a muihroom bed with the Ag. ,
xarapcftrls.

*Var. I. Pileus dulky rngufe, fet with warts of rathpr a paler
colour.

Bull. Ag, folitccrius. — Bolt. 47.

Gills 4 in.a fet, but irregular. Stem 4 or 5 inches high ; the cur*
taan remaining on it. Bolt.

Ag. verrucofHS. Bolt, but none of his fynonyms.

In woods about the roots of trees, but rare. In the Shroggs oppo-
ifiteBirks Hall. Bolt.

* Var. 2. Pileus fcarlet, with white blotches, the fragments of the
inner wrapper.

Bolt. 46.

Gills loofe, 4 in a fet. Pileus convex, fmooth. Flejh thick, white,
brittle. Stem firm, folid, brittle, cylindrical, white. Curtain white,
forming a permanent ring. Bolton.

Ag. nobilis. Bolt,

In a plantation at Mill’s Bridge, near Huddersfield.

* AGA'RICUS confer'tus. (Bqlt.) — Gills hr Qmiiih Jlove
»white, thin, uniform. Pileus white, conical, cottony,

Stem white, tapering upwards. —

Bolt. iS.-rfJVrt Bull. Ag. digilaliformis,for that has a hollow Jlem.)

UiLLS loofe, uniform, numerous, thin and delicate, white, with a
faint tinge of pale brown.

tP-»LEUS conical, pointed, white, yellowifh brown at the apex, fmooth,
light, cottony; withers in decay, from ^ to 1 inch in diameter
at bottom, and as much in height.

Stem folid, white, gently tapering upwards, 2 inches high, thick as
a fwallow’s quill. Curtain white, very evanefeent. Bolton.

Amongft bark in hot houfes. Nov. 1785*

1 AGA'-

334

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Ulte *AGA'RICUS aVhus^ (Bolt.)— Gills white, nu-
merous, 4 in a fet. Pileus white, bluntly conical, brown
at the top. Stem white, tapering upwards.—

Bolt. 153. — fSchdff. 256, is a variety with Gills m pairs and Pilews
Jiqt at the top.)

Gills loofe, thin, pliable.

PiLEOs fmooth like vellum, milk white, if inch to the apex of the
cone. Flejh white, thin.

I Stem folid, pure white within and without, largeft at the bottom,
. decreafing gradually upwards, fplits into fibres ; 5 inches high,
f inch diameter at the bottom, -J- at the top. Bolton.

Sheep croft at Stannary near Halifax, and elfev/here in ftieep
paftures. Aug.

* Var. I. Gills few. Pileus wholly white.

Bull. 256. — Bolt. 1 55.

Gills loofe, white, foft, few, 4 in a fet.

Pileus convex, or rather bluntly conical, white, thin, f to i inch
over.

St EM folid, whi^e, thick as a crow quill, but much thicker down-
wards where it is fometimes tinged with red; to 2^ inches
high. Bolton.

Ag. alumnus. Bolt.

On old plants of Ag. integer and other fpecies of Fungi, but rare,

yefplendent A'GA'RICUS fplen'dens. Gills pure white, numer-
ous^ 2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus like tarniflied copper, gloffy,
bluntly conical. Stem brownifh white, tapering upwards.
Gills loofe, very white, very numerous, thin, and tender, throw-
ing out an abundance of duft-coloured feeds from the edges, and
then changing to a pinky white.

Pileus colour of tarniflied copper, with a metallic luftre, beauti-
' fully gloffy, fcarcely vifeid, apparently flreaked, or fibrous like

fmoothly combed hair, fmooth to the- touch, bluntly conical,
edge parallel to the ftem, from 3 to 7 indies over. Flejh very
white, tender and fpongy, cracking when fully expanded.

Stem folid, white, with longitudinal pale brown riling lines, re^-
larly tapering upwards, 4 to 6 inches high, near an inch diame-
ter at bottom and halt as much at top. Flefh tender, juicy, fpongy.
This muft be a very rare fpecies, as itslize and the metallic fplenr
dour of its Pileus cannot fail to attrad the eye, and yet there does
pot appear to be any figure of it.

On a rotteri Alder flump by the fide of the pool in Edgbaflorr
P^rk, 26th July, 1 792,

* AG A'-

AGARIC US. Solid and Loofe. 335

♦AGA'RICUS ra(*faV«/. (Relh.) — Gills white, few, long-rooted
4 in a fet. Pileus brownilh, bluntly conical. Stem
brown, tapering upwards. Root very long. —

Bull. 2^2 and ^1^.

Gills loofe, white, few, diftant, 4 in a fet.

PiLEOS brownifh or dirty white, rather bell-ftiapcd, not flelhy, al-
moft pellucid, edge rather bent in, but with age turning up, 3
to 4 inches over, or more.

Stem folid, rather woody, 4 to 6 inches high, thick as a goofe quill,
gradually thickening from the Pileus down to the ground, thcn^
penetrating the earth inform of a long root tapering downwards.

Relhan n. 1040. — ’Stem covered with athick down, of a reddifh
brown colour; 5 or 6 inches high, gradually increaling in thick-
nefstothe ground, and then tapering to a fpindle-fhaped root
which penetrates deep into the earth. I raifed it to more than
the length of the ftem above ground without obtaining the whole
root. Pileus about 4 inches over, pale brown or dirty white, al-
moft tranfparent, being abfolutely without flelh ; the edge ra-
ther bent in. Gills few, white, broad, 4 in a fet, none of them
reaching the ftem. Upon comparing the defcription of Mr.

Relhan with the above, which was drawn up fome time before
the publication of his fupplement, it cannot be doubted but the
plants are the fame. Bulliard’s plate 232 agrees^ except that the
Pileus is defcribed as downy, and the ftem is longitudinally ftri-
ated ; but as from its woody fubftance it (brinks and fomewhat-
Iwifts in drying, this appearance in the figure may be occafioned
by that circumftance. Mr. Woodward,

Solitary; in the margins of cornfields, at Mettingham, and Ho-
mersfield, Suffolk ; on a ftrong clayey foil. Mr.'WooDW. — Alfo a
good drawing and defcription fent me by Mr. Stackhoufe, but with-:
out a place of growth.

♦ Var. I. Stem not 2 inches high, fwelling out to the fize of a fin-
ger. Root 1 4 inches long, and large in proportion, Relhan.
fuppl. ii. p. 25.

Paftures and pla nations. Sept.

AGA'RICUS or' cades. (Bolt.)— Gills brownifli fairy-ring
watery white, 2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus pale brown, convex,
irregular. Stem whitilb, browner with age, very tough,
rarely central, —

Bull. 144; but the plate has too much appearance of a fnllhedfmootlwfs,
and is loo fdghly and tQO uniformly coloured. There is no charac-
terijlic draanng extant. — Battar. 21. E. gives a good idea of it in
its more advanced fate ; but I knoxv it to be really a very different
flanl, and as fuch, Jkall refer to it in its proper place.

Gills

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi,

Gills loofe, (but the part attached to the pileus juts up very clofe to
the ftem, fo as to give them almoft the appearance of being
fixed) wat.ery brownifh whit?, 2 or 4 in a fet, the fmall ones often
very minute, and the large ones fometimes fplitting at the outer
end ; not numerous, rather broad for the fize of the pfant ; fre<
quently connedled to the pileus by ligaments.

Pileus pale buffy brown, convex, inegular, a fudden depreffion of
the border, at fome diftance from the center, often giving the
appearance of a large rounded bofs in the middle; central colour
generally deeper, i inch to ij over; edge turning up with age.
Stem^ folid, white, changing to watery brown, cylindrical, but
thicker and flattened •juft under the pileus, very tough, moftly
crooked, twilled when dry, rarely central, if inch high, thick as
a crow quill.

Ray Syn. fi. 27.— Ag. pratenfis. 25. Huns. — Ag. coriaceus.
J2. LiGHTfQOT.— But p, either of thefe names could be preferved,
having been, and not improperly, previoufly applied to other fpecies!

^ Edgbafton, hedge banks, paftures, in final) pr Jarge patches, par-
ticularly in fairy ripgs.-T-Abounds in upland paftures, and Iheep
commons. Mr. Stackhouse. Sept. Qtfl

Var. I. Gills cream-colQur. Pileus buff. Stem mealy.

Failures, Edgbafton, 20th May, 1792.

Sometimes the pileus is as much as 3 inches in diameter.

In fairy rjngs on the ground Hoping down to Hockley pool, and
on a piece of grafs land floping to the South in the pleafure ground
of Mr. Boulton, at Sofio. 2d June, 1 792.

f Var. 2. Pileus yellow brown, mor/-fielhy, more regularly copvex*
Mr. W99P'-yARD.

Bolt. 151,

Mr, Woodward obferves that this variety is found in groves ;
that the Hem retains its ufual colour and toughnefs. He fays alfo
that this fpecies has a much higher flavour than the common mulh-
room, but probafil.y from its leathery nature is indigeftible, except
in the form of powder, in which it is admirable. I have feen the
pileus and gills of this Agaric very brittle and tender when fully
faturated with moiHur? in rainy feafons, and in that ftate it is fuffi-
piently digeftible. It is not, as Mr. Lightfoot has fupj>ofed, the
Moiiceroti of the French, though often ufed in France inftead of that.
Mr, Bulliafd informs us that it is ufed in ragouts, that its flavour is
equal to that of the true IVIouceron, but that it is more tough.

I am fatisfied that the bare and brown, or highly cloathed and
yerdant circles, in pafture fields, called Fairy Rtns^s, are caufed by
^he growth of this Agaric. We have many of them in Edgbafton
JPaj k, on {he lide of a field floping to the South Weft, of various

337

AGAR I C U S. Solid and Loofe.

fizes; but the largeft, which k i8 feet diameter, and about as many
inches broad in the periphery where the Agarics grow, has dxifted
for fome years on the flope of an adjoining pafture field, facing the
South. The foil is thin, on a gravelly bottom. The larger circles
are feldora compleat. The large one juft now deferibed is more
than a femi-circle, but this phaenomenon is not ftricftly limited to ^
circular figure. Where the ring is brown and almoft bare, upon
digging up the foil to the depth of about 2 inches, the fpawn of the
Fungus will be found, of a greyifti white colour, but where the grafs
has again grown green and rank, I never found any of the fpawn
exiftigg. A fimilar mode of growth takes place in fome of the cruf-
taceous Lichens, particularly in the L. emtrifugus.

As this Agaric may be procured plentifully, and as its fine flavour
will probably foon introduce it to our tables, particularly in catchups
and in powder, forms in which its toughnefs is no objeeftion to its
ufe; 1 imagine it may be of fome confequence to guard againft
errors in thofe who gather it, or in thofe who diredl it gathered ; and
as much confufion and many miftakes have hitherto exifted amongft
authors on the fubjeeft of this very common plant, I fhall now, in
addition to the particular defeription given of it above, fubjoin a lift
of the'figures erroneoufly quoted as reprefenting it, pointing out
wherein they differ from it.

Ag. viouceron. Bull. 142. This is very unlike our plant, ithas,a
very thick and fleftiy pileus, its Gills are extremely narrow and
numerous, and its ftem is thick and fhort. Not to mention
that the Gills too are fixed to the ftem.

Ag. leucocephalus. Bull. 428. i . This is a much larger plant, has a fixed
Gill, a much thicker, and a brittle ftem, but the toughnefs of the
ftem in our plant is fuch as is nearly alone fufficient to diftin-
guilh it.

Battar. 22.C. Not to mention other marks of difference, this has a
hollow ftem.

Ag. melleus. Schaeff. 45. This has a fixed Gill, and a hollow ftem.
Ag. pallidus. Schaeff. 50. This is indeed very unlike our plant ; it
has a thick flefhy pileus, a thick ftem, and decurrent Gills.

Ag, farinuUnlus. Schaeff. 205. This has a hollow ftem, a powdered
pileus, and a dirty brown gill.

Ag- collinus. Schaeff. 220. This has a hollow ftem, otherwife it is not
much unlike it; but the ftem is too thick for our plant, and the
bofs upon the pileus is very peculiar.

Ag. nivoLS. Schaeff. 232. Differs very widely indeed, having a pileus
concave in the center, a hollow ftem, and a very decurrent Gill.
Ag. prxallus. FI. dan. 830. i . This figure has fome general refem-
blance, and the decurrent Gills may be only apparently fo from

the

33^

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

the turning up of the pileus in the advanced age of the plant.
The author however refers to Battar. p. 46. t. 21 . fig. F. and here
we find that this is a very large fpecies indeed, well agreeing
with the trivial name prcealtus, but the figure gives no fuch idea.

I have referred to Ray Syn. p. 6. n. 27, for our plant, but a very
refperflable authority has lately given this fpecies of Ray to the Ag.
fordidus. I confefs that the fhort charadler given by Mr. Ray is fo
imperfcdl as to admit of various applications, though his ufual faga^
city did not defert him when he mentions its leathery texture. But
this alone would not have been fufficient. Fortunately he fubjoins
an Englifh name, Scotch bonnets, from which, thofe who are intimately
acquainted with the habit of the fairy-ring Agaric, will immedi-
ately acknowledge it.

cujhion • AGA'RICUS pulvina’tm. (BoLT.)-Gills greyifh
white, 4 in a fet. Pileus convex, brown moufe. Stem
dark grey, tapering upwards. Wrapper permanent.—
Bolt. 49 ; (bvt none of his Jynonym.)

Gills loofe, the 2 fmaller feries lopped.

Pileus when fully expanded flatted at the top like aculhion;

edge ftrongly fcored ; 3 or 4 inches over. Fkjh white, fpongy. '
Stem folid,. dark grey, nearly cylindrical but thicker at the bottom,
which is inclofed in a permanent wrapper; 3 to 4 inches high,
near I inch diameter. Bolton.— The colour of the Gills not
mentioned m the defcription, but if grey white as reprefented in
the figure, it cannot be the fame plant as Mr. Bulliard s Ag.
volvaccus, pi. 262, which has white Gills when young, changing
to falraon colour when in maturity.

Woods and moift lhady places about Halifax, but rare. Sept.

horizontal

I ^^°rhonta'Hs. (Bull.) — Gills yel-

lowijli white, 4 in a fet. Pileus yellowifh brown, convex
not fully circular. Stem bent horizontally. — .

Bull. 324.

Gills loofe, contiguous to the ftem but not fixed to it, yellowifh
white, tew, rounded at the edge, 4 in a fet, the fmaljer feries
very minute.

PiLEUs convex, yellowifli brown, almoft femi-orbieular, fmooth,
fhining, I inch broad.

St EM folid, little more than I i nch long, central, but Immediately bent
jo as to be para llel to the Pileus, and inferted into the crevices of the
bark on which it grows ; in thicknefs equal to a fwallow’s quill.

^ 1 have frequently been deceived in gathei i ng this plant, the Rem

from

339

agaric US. Solid and Loofe.

from its mode of growth, not being cafilyfeen, I have fuppofed
it to be a dimidiated Agaric until it was pulled. Mr. Woodw.

On old trees at Mettinghara, and elfewhere, near Bungay. Mr.

Woodward.

AGA'RICUS cla/ms. (Linn.)— Gills white, in pairs, nail-headed
Pileiis with a dimple in the center, pale orange. Stem
folid, pale orange. —

Sha^. 59. very good, but rather larger than my fpeciinens.—BuU. 148,

B. C. D. — A. is another fpecies, — Vcull. xi. 19. 19. 20. — -
Bolt. 39. B.

Gills loofe, in pairs, white, about 20 of each fort.

PiLEUS pale orange, convex, with a dimple in the center, from

i-ioth to 3-ioths of an inch over.

Stem folid, pale orange, femi tranfparent, from 1 to i inch high,
not thicker than a pin.

This is a Linnaean fpecies, butlomitth^charafter In the FI. Suec.
as it is evident that the author had confounded two different plants
together. In the Sp. pi. ed. 3. the erroneous part of the reference to
Vail. Par. is thrown out, but the whole of the error is not yet removed.

Ray Syn. 9. 44, has been fuppofed to be this plant, but the conical

plleus does not jullify that opinion.

Common amongft mofs and old leaves. July.

AGA'RICUS avella'neus. Gills white, numerous, hazel-nut
irregular. Pileus rich reddilh yellow, gently convex.

Stem brown yellow. —

Gills loofe, white, with fomething of a yellowifh call; thin, nume-
rous, 3 or 4 in a fet, and often feveral long ones to|ether.

PtLEU s the colour of a frefh gathered ripe hazel nut ; gently con-
vex, rather boffed, thin at the edge, 2-| inches over, i'lejh whitifh,
with a tinge of the nut colour,

gTEM folid, gently tapering upwards, brown yellow. Hacked with a
fcurf of a redder colour ; 4 inches high, near inch diameter.

This fpecies I believe was firft found in England about 3 years
ago, by Mr. Knapp, who then fent me an account of it, obfcrvmg
that it gave a greafy appearance to the paper in which he had pre-
ferved it. On making further enquiries concerning it, he favoured
me in March laft with a drawing made from his dried fpecimen, and
alfo the following obfervations — Gills white. Pileus nearly flat, of a
nut colour, with an extremely fine woollinefs. Stem tawny, rather
fcored, not hollow. Mr. Knapp.— I imagine It is a rare plant, as
Mr. Knapp has not found it fince, though its fizc and the leri^gm ot
its Hern, as w^l as the glegance of its appearance, render it fufhci-

340

CRY P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

ently obfervable.' A finale fpecimen was gathered in this neigh-
bourhood, arid brought to me this morning.

• [Shenley, Bucks, Mr. Knapp,] — On the Weft fide of Mofeley
Common, near Birmingham. 6th. July, 1792.

St. George s * AGA'RICUS Gear' git. (Linn.) — Gills yellowilh
white. Pileus yellow, convex, hollow in the center.
Stein yellow, thickilh, fmooth. Juice yellow. —

Ag. ftipitatus, pileo flavo convexo, lamellis albis. Tl.Juec.

Cluf. ii. 264. 2, cop. in J. B. iii. 824. 2, the upper ^gure copied in
Park. 1317, g.—Sterb. 4, C. (not 1 1. 3.;

Gills loofe. Pileus brimftone coloured, 4 inches over. Stem folid,
UTegularly hollow with age. Linn. Clus. Haller.— P/fa« ftriated
and hairy at the edge, white, changing to yellowifh, and reddifh
yellow when old; but the Gills do not lofe their whitenefs. Stem
fhort, thicjc, woolly. Gleditsch. — Juice yellow. Hudson. — If
wounded bleeds plentifully, with a yellow juice.

This fpecies is introduced on the authority of Mr. Hudfon and
Mr. Relhan. I cannot collecft the exacft defcription of the Gifts from
any of the authors who have mentioned it, but from the general
tiruAure of the plant it is probable that they are loofe.

Woods and paftures.

*Var.i.

Mr. Stackho ife had repeatedly mentioned to me a large efculent
Agaric found on the fea-coaft in Cornwall, which is, I believe, a
monftrous variety of this fpecies. Its whole habit is very large, the
button as big as a potatoe, the expanded pileus 18 inches over’ the
ftem as thick as a man’s wiift, the Gills very pale ; the Curtcunzs
tough and as ftick as a piece of leather, the juice yellowifh ; the
flavour inferior to that of the Ag. campejfris. And he has verv lately
informed me that it correfponds with the defcription of J. B. hift. iii.
p. 824, cited by Linmeus under Ag. Georgii. It was probably a plant
of this kind, which was mentioned to me by a gentleman of un-
doubted veracity, as having been gathered fome years ago on an
old hot-bed in a garden in Birmingham, and rveighed 1 4 pounds.

On the fea coaft or commons, Weynaouth, DevonOjire, and Weft
of Cornwall, Mr. Stackhouse.

* * Gills brown.

* -AGA'RICUS ba'dius. (Sch/eff.) — Gills pale
blown, uniform. Pileus orange brown, rather bofed.
Stem pale cinnamon, with a permanent wrapper at the

Schceff,

34*

A G A R I C U S. Solid and Loofe.

Sch<tff. 245. — Eok. 38. 2.— (Mr. Bolton refers to Schueff. 95, which
pojjibly may be the Jam, and aljo to Sch<ieff. 211, which mujl be a
nijlake.)

Gills loofe, uniform, broad, diftant, pale cinnamon brown.

PiLEUS bright brown inclining to orange, fmooth, ftreaked near the
edge, 3 inches over.

Stem folid, hollow with age, pale cinnamon, fmooth, tapering up-
wards, 4 inches high, i inch diameter, furrounded at its bafe by
a permanent wrapper which fplits into 3 lobes. Bolton.

Ag. trilobus. Bolton.

Dry woods about Halifax. Aug.

* AGA'RICUS palm'tus. (Bull.) —Gills red eccentric
brown, 4 in a fet, but irregular. PHeus deeper brown

red, flat, oblong. Stem reddilh white, eccentric. —

Bull. 216.

Gills, long ones terminating on a membrane which prevents their
adherence to the ftem ; few in number, very irregular. Bu l l 1 ard.

— Unequal, liglfter coloured than the pileus.

PiLEus brown red, flat, membranaceous, edge turned down.

Stem folid, ftrong, inferted near the edge of the pileus. Subftance
very leathery and tenacious. The place of growth is very parti-
cular, viz. on the perpendicular fide of a poft, out of a knot in the
folid undecayed wood, pointing firft horizontally, and then, turn-
ing upwards. Defcription and drawing from Mr. Stackhouse.

— M. Bulliard fays it is found in autumn on the fquared fides
of timber, and alfo on trees both healthy and decayed, at the
height of 60 or 80 feet. — In Mr. Stackhoufe’s drawings the pileus
is about or 2 inches over ; the ftem about i inch high, and i
diameter, but the figures of M. Bulliard are much larger, and
more of a brown colour.

Gills red.

* AGA'RICUS ru'bens, (Bolt.) — Gills ruby red, rub}f
4 in a fet. Pileus dark red, gently conical. Stem bright

red. —

Bull. 202. — Bolt. 36. — FI. dan. 715.

Gills loofe, thin, tranfpafcnt; when held between the eye and the
light, of a glowing ruby colour, regularly 4 in a fet.

Pileus gently conical, fine dark red, cottony to the touch, li inch
over.

Stem folid, ftrong bright red, hard, feldom fttfeiglit, 4 or 5 Inches
high, thick as a goofe quill. Bolton.

As.

342

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Ag. coccineus. Bulliard, but not Schaeffer 302. M. BuUiard’s
name is rejeAed becaufe previoufly appropriated by Scopoli to ano-
ther fpecies. Indeed the fame reafon exifts againft Mr. Bolton’s
name, but that the fpecics which Scopoli has called mbens is a variety
of Ag. mufearius.

In a wood belonging to Shibden Hall, near Halifax, and not
elfe where.

orange AGA'RICUS auran'tius. Gills loofe, pinky flefh
colour, 4 in a fet. Pileus pale pink. Stem pinky white.—

Ag. aurantius. Var. 3. See Hollow and Fixed.

Mttihroom — Gills pinky,

.mijnroom changing to liver colour, crowded, irregular. Pileus

convex, white to brown. Stem white, cylindrical. Cur-
tain white. —

Var. I. Pileus fmooth, or only a little fcaly when old.

Bull. 5i^.~Bull. 134.— F/. dan. 71^.— Bolt. ^5.— Mill, ill.t. ro6.

Lob. ic. 271. J. B. hiji. 3. 824. — Garf. 279. i. — Sierb. i.

—Schceff. 310. 31 1.

Gills loofe, pinky red, changing to liver colour, in contaft but not
united with the ftem; very thick fet, irregular in difpofition,
fome forked next the ftem, fome next the edge of the pileus,
fome at both ends, and generally in that cafe excluding the
intermediate fmaller Gills.

Pileus white, changing to brown when old, and becoming feurfy-
regularly convex, flelhy, flatter with age, 2 to 4 inches diameter’
hquelying in decay. Tlejh white.

Stem folid, white, cylindrical, 2 to 3 inches high, i inch diameter.

Curtain white, delicate.

Such are the more common kind, in- this part of England, which
are fo much in requeft for the table. They differ very much in fize ;
I gathered one whofe pileus meafured g inches over. The field
plants are better for eating than thofe raifed on artificial beds, the
flefli of the latter being far lefs tender.

Ag. ftipitatus, pileo conve.xo fquamato albido, lamcllis rufis. FI.
Suec. 1203.— Ray Syn. p. 2. n. i.

In parks, and other paftures where the turf has not been ploughed
up for many years. Aug. Sept.

Va R . 2. Pileus rough and feurfy, or hairy.

Schceff. ^^.—Battar. 7. A— Mich. 75. i.^Cluf. 268.

This feems the more common fort in fome parts of Europe.

Var.,

343

AGARICUS. Solid and Loofe.

Var . 3. Pileus beautifully tufted with pencils of brown hair. Stem
tapering downwards.

Schttff. 33./. 5- 6,

Gives a good idea of this, which with us never expands farther ;
confequently the curtain is very durable.

Woolhope, Herefordfhire. Sept, from Mr. Stackhouse.

Rookery, Edgbafton, a fingle plant. 06t.

AGA'RICUS la'tus. (Bolt.) — Gills pale flefh- broad
colour, 8 in a fet, but irregular. Pileus brown moufe,
convex, rather boffed. Stem white, cylindrical. —

Bull. 382, Gilb too highly coloured.— Bolt. 2, but the colouring in my
copy neither agreeing ivith our Jpecimens, nor yet with Us own
defcription, which is fi^ciently exact.

Gills loofe, white when young j changing to a pale flefh colour,
numerous, moftly 8 in a fet, but the fmaller feries often abfent,
and often (landing nearer to the edge of the pileus, than the
extent of the large ones.

Pileus brown moufe colour, convex, flefhy, a little bofled, fattiny,
fmooth when young, when liilly expanded much wrinkled about
the bofs, 2 to 5 inches over.

STEMfolid, white, cylindrical, rather fcurfy towards the bottom,
fpongy and juicy, 2 to 3 inches high, 3-8ths diameter.

Edgbafton, on turf. Solitary. July Sept.

* * * * Gills buff.

* AGA'RICUS hinnu'leus. Gills buff, very broad, coloured
4 in a fet. Pileus fawn-coloured, convex, mealy. Stem
chefnut. —

Gills loofe, buff, very broad, 4 in a fet,

Pileus bright fawn-colour, furface covered with a fine farinaceous
fubftance, which appears under the microfeope as mealy tubercles ;

I to 2 inches over.

Stem fclid, fpongy, dark chefnut colour, ftriated when old, i to 3
inches high, thick as a fwan’s quill. Curtcun, its fragments
attached to the edge of the pileus and to the ftem.

This is an elegant fpecies; the colour of the pileus has furniflied
its name, although ftridlly fpcaking, it is too bright to be called a
fawn colour. Major Vellev. *

Pine plantations on Claverton. Major Velley.

rn**** Gills

344

CRYPTOGAMiA. Fungi,

***** Gills yellow.

grooved A G A ' R I C U S fuka'tus. Gills yellow, 4 in a fet,
larger ones grooved along the edge. Pileus orange, con-
vex, but deprefled in the middle. Stem folid, yellow,
rich brown below. — *

Bolt. 135. — Bull. 519. 2.

Gills loofe, yellow, moderately numerous, in contact udth the
ftem but not attached to it, 4 in a fet, the larger Gills thick, and
grooved along the edge.

Pileus orange in the middle, yellow towards the edge, convex but

deprefled, of an inch to 3^ inches over. Flejk white.

Stem folid, cylindrical, yellow, velvety, paler upwards, dark rich
brown below, to 2 inches high, i-8th to g-Sths diameter.

In clufters affixed to rotten wood. Edgbafton. 1 5th Nov. 1 790.

collcn-tufted • AGA'RICUS b'teus. (Bolt.) — Gills yellow,
numerous, uniform. Pileus yellow, conical, tufted. Stem
tapering upwards. —

Bolt. 50.

Gills loofe, thin, tender, delicate.

Pileus a blunt cone, bearing the remains of its wrapper on its fur*
fece, in form of little, foft, cottony tufts; edge waved, fcolloped,
fcored when old ; if inch from the edge to the top.

Stem folid, yetlow, tajpering upwards, 2f inches high, ^ diameter at
at the ring, wliich is permanent. Bolton.

Amongft the bark in a pine ftove. Aug.

minikin * AGA'RICUS minu'tulus. (Sch^eff.)— Gills yel-
lowilh, few, uniform. Pileus brown yellow, fcored, nearly
cylindrical. Stem white. — ^

Sckeeff. 30S.

Gills loofe.

Pileus bell-fhaped, i-ioth of an inch high.

Stem folid, white, cylindrical, rather bent, very flender, f inch
high. Sch>effer,

Grows in patches on the ground, but the plants grow fingly. In
that and in its general afpedt, it is extremely like the var. 1. Ag.
turbinatus ; and I know th^t plant has repeatedly been referred to
Schaeff. 308, but it differs in having “ Gills white, in pairs; ftem
folid.”

In paftures, in autumn. Dickson, fafe. i. p. ib.

AG A'-

AGAHICUS. Solid and Lbofe.

A G A ' R I C U S' aurdn'tlus. Gills loofe, yellow; 2,. ordrige
3, or 4 in a let. Pileus and ftem pinky.—

Ag, aurantius. Var. 4. See Hollow ahd FlXEDi

.. .. V

****** Gills grey.

*AGA'RICUS du'rus, (Bolt.) — Gills looofe, pale fiatd
grey, very numeroas, 4 in a fefc. Pileus pale dulky bulf^
convex. Stem pale whitilli buff. — ...

Bull. 428. 2. — Bolt. 67. 1.

Gills loofe, very numerous, thin, broad:

Pileus pale dulky yellow, feels like vellum, 2 to 4 inches over.

Ste.m folid, cylindrical, 2 to 3 inches high, a-Bthstog-Sthsdiameteri
Curtain white, evanefcent. The fubftancc of the whole plant very
hard and brittle. Bolton.

Sometimes folitary, generally in clullers; in woods. Autunin.

Bulliard.

* AGA'RICUS mammo'fus. (Linn.)— Gills yellow
grey, 4 in a fet. Pileus convex, pointed in the center,
grey brown. Stem grey brownj cylindrical. —

Bolt.' 6g. — Buxb. cent. 4. 1. 21./. i. 2.

Gills loofe, yellow grey, convex, fcolloped. J^ileus grey or
brownifh, convex, pointed. Stem fcored, very long, cylindrical,
naked. Linn.

Gills loofe, pale dulky grey with a tinge of flefli colour; very
broad, waved, and the long ones fcolloped at the edge.

: Pileus dulky grey with a tinge of reddilh brown, furface clothy,

3 inches over, central projeAion like a nipple.

Stem lolid, grey brown, paler below, hard, hrm, cylindrical, 4'or
5 inches high, ^ inch diameter. Bolt.

Ag. llipitatus, pileoconvexo acuminato giifeo, lameilis convexis
itgrifeis crenatis. Linn.

In woods. Sept:

* AGA'RICUS lu'ridus. (Bolt.) — Gills blue lurid \
grey, numerous, uniform. Pileus dirty olive brown,

liiimy, bluntly conical, edge irregularly lobed. Stem
idirty olive brown, bent. — .

Bolt. 25. ■ ’

IGills not touching the ftenj, fordid greyifh blue, uniform, very
numerous, clofe fet, broad, deliquefeent.

Voh UL

7.

PlLKtfS

346 CRY,PTOGAMI A. Fungi.

PiLRUs dufky greyifh hue with a caft of dirty olive, quite fmooth,
Covered with a thick flime, edge with very unequal lobes and
galhes, 2^ inches acrofs the bafe, and as much in height.

Stem folid, hard, dirty yellowifh brown, bent in various diredlions,
4 inches high, inch diameter. Bolton, who in a letter to
me remarks, that it is flow of groxvth, and of much longer
duration -than any of the deliquefeent fpecies which bad fallen
under his obfervation.

On Gibbet Hill, and other places near Halifax.

S IV. HOLLOW and DECURRENT.

I

* Gills white.

(now-white * AGA'RICUS niv'eus. (SGiii^FF.)-^Gil Is white, in
pairs. Pileus white, vifeid, flattifh. Stem white, cylin-
drical.—

Schtsff, 232, not good. (Defeription at Ind. p. 57, very good.)
Gills decurrent, glofly white, few, in pairs.

Pile: us at firft convex, afterwards flattened, and often deprefled in
the center; vifeid, brittle, not flefliy.

Stem hollow, white, i to 2§ inches high, thick as a goofe quill.
Major Velley. — I am obliged to the gentleman jufl: mentioned
for tiie knowledge of this plant being indigenous, for moft of the
preceding charadlers, and for the following obfervations : — The
Pileus is fo little flefliy, that when dry, it is fufEciently tranf-
parent to exhibit the form of the Gills. The decurrence of the
, longer Gills, which is invariable, feparates it from the Ag.
coriaceus of Lighlfoot, (Ag. orcades) the Gills of which, as he
obferves, do not touch theftem. Major Velley.

In a fmall clump of firs, near the middle of Claverton Down •
Bath.

* * Gills red.

. mealy AGA'RICUS farha'ceus. (Huds.)— Gills dilute
j ^ fcolloped, 4 in a fet. Pileus, pinky brown,

■ bolfed. Stem very pale pinky brown, thick at the top.— .

SchaJ. i^’—Batfch. 100.

Gills a little decurrent, few, very dilute pink, or as if powdered
w;th dull white upon a pink ground ; fcolloped at the edge,
rpgularly 4 in a fet.

PiLEfbs pale pinky brown, deeper coloured and bofled in the center;

^ to I inch over.

Stem

347

AGARICUS. Hollow and Decurretit^

Stem hollow, very pale brown, with a pinky tinge, fliining, thickeft
at the top, 4 inches high, fize of a crow quill.

This plant is always diftinguilhable by the fmall number of Gills^
which are fprinkled with a mealy powder. Stem flendet, 3 or 4
inches high. PHeus i to 2 inches over, varying in colour, but ufually
more or lefs purple, often very irregular in (hape, and 'occafioning
waves in the Gills. Common. Mr. Woodward. — Gi/Js fometimes
fplitting at the end, hardly to be ’called decurrent* Plant in its
young ftate of a light bloffbm colour, the Gills very flightly tinged.

As it advances in maturity it acquires a much deeper tint, and
alTumes the habit of Schaeffer’s plant, which is that which I fpeak of.

I do not fee the propriety of Mr, Hudfon’s trivial name, fince
many fpecies are much more evidently polfeffed of a mealy
fubftance. M. Velley.

In the grafs under pine trees at Bath, in abundance. On Comb
Down. Major Velley. ,

Var. I. Gills in pairs. Stem thickeft at the bottom when
youngi

Gills, about 2 o long ones.

PiLEUs ^ to of an inch over, convex, turning tip with age.

Stem thickeft downwards in the young, thickeft upwards in the old
plants, !■§ to 2 inches high. The whole plarit infide and outfide
of a pinky red.

Plantations at Tettenhall, Staffordlhire. " July.

AG A'RICUS (Bolt.) — Gilb pale tofe, irregutat

broad, tough, tvide afunder, 4 in a fet. Pileuspale brown,
bofled, irregular, floping. Stem whitifh, cylindrical,
flattened ana larger at the top.—

Bolt. 13.

' Gills decurrent, of a delicate blufh colour, tough, broad, not nume-
rous, 4 in a fet.

PiLEUs pale brown, or whitifh, bofled, plaited, crumpled, irregular,
fet floping on the ftem, about 2 inches over.

KStem hollow, nearly white, cylindrical, but larger and flattened at
the fetting on of the pileus, 2 inches high, p ineh diameter.

Specimen, defcription, and an excellent drawing from Mn
ISTAOKHOnSE.

Ditches under trees, not uncommon. Beacon Hill, Bath. Wool-
Ihope, Herefbrdfhire. Mr. Stackhouse.

•

*** Gills yellow.

AG A'R I CUS par'vus. Gills orange, in pairs, about fmdll orange
20 pair. Pileus orange, dimpled. Stem orange.—

Za

Bull

348

navel

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fung!;

Bull. 519. t. B. Cl

61LLS decun’ent, deep orange, paler towards the ftem, broad for the
fize of the plant, about 20 large ones and a very fmall one be-
tween eaoh.

J^iLEUs orangey center deprefTed, edge turned down, i-gd or f of an
inch over.

Stem hollow, orange, ■§ or i of an inch high, not thicker than a pin.

The whole plant very vifeid and femi-tranfparent. M. Bulliard
has called this plant corticalisi and figured it as growing on the bark
of a tree, buit as that is not its mofl common fituation, his name is
not very proper.

Failures, Edgbaiion, amongil fhort grafs and mofs, common.

27th Aug. 1791.

* Var. I. Gills pale orange, 4 in a fet. Pileus orangej the central
dimple bluiih purple. Stem deep orange below, paler above.

Battar. 2S. T. — very like Bull. i86, but that reprejented with a Jol\d
[tern.

Gills decurrent, whitifh orange, not numerous, broad, 4 in a fet.
PiLEUs I line to inch ; in the fmall ones bell-ihaped, with plane
margins; in the larger convex, always dimpled in the center;
the dimple bluifh purple, which colour runs down part of the
ilem, and may be feen through the gills if held up to a ilrong
light ; the margin waved and plaited with great elegance, extend-
ed, thin, varying, of a pale or deep orange colour.

Stem long, ilender, hollow, the lower half deep orange as the pileus,
upper pale as the gills, fmooth and fhining, cottony at the bafe.
The whole plant fhining and fomewhat tranfparent, ihapet
like a trumpet.

Pine Grove at Kirby, on mofs. Mr. Woodward.

AG A'R ICUS umhilica'tus. (Bull.)— Gills deep buff,
4 in a fet, large ones very broad. Pileus buff, hollow in
the center. Stem reddifh buff, cylindrical. —

Bull. 4 1 1 . 2, fbtU paler than our fpedmcns.J
Gills a little decurrent, deep red buff, 4 in a fet, large ones abotrt
25, much broader than the other, often cloven, fmallefl: feries
very imperfedl.'

Pileus buff, hollow in the center, tearing with age, i to i-^ inch
over.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, reddiih buff, 2 inches high, thick as a
goofe or a fwan’s quill.

Failures, Edgbaftop, i ith 0(51. 1790.

AG A'-

AGARICUS. Hollow and Fixed. 349

AGA'RICUS pri'mula. Gills primrofe-colour, 4 primrofe .
in a fet. Pileus, , center brown red, border yellow. Sten^
yellow, tapering downwards, —

Gills decurrent, pale yellow with a greeniflr call, 4 in a fet, regu-
lar.

Pileus convex, uneven, darkifh brown red in the center, yellow at

the edges, of an inch oyer. ' -

5tem hollow, yellow, fcurfy, often crooked, greatly tapering downr
wards, 4 inches long, thick as a goofe quill in the middle part.

I never found this Angular Agaric but once, and then it grew in

clufters. , ■

Plantations, Edgbafton. 1 5th 0(5^. 1 790,

5 V. H O L L O W and F I X E D.

* Gills white.

AGA'RICUS vmbeUiferus. (Linn.) — Gills white, trembling
broad at the bafe, few, 2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus white,
convex, a little bolfed, 'elegantly plaited at the fides.

Stem white, {lender. — r

Mich. 80. II. — Bull. 519. 1. A. — Bolt. 39. A. — Ray Jyn. p. 9. n,

46. t.i.f. 2. a. a.^Mich. 74. 7. — -Rchdsjp. 309, but the colouring
amijlake. — 4. 31. 3,

Gills fixed, white, moftly in pairs in the fraall, in fours in the
larger plants, long ones about 1 8.

Pileus white, convex, a little bofled, fides plaited, very thin and
femi-tranfparent, to of an inch over.

Stem hollow, whitifh, fmooth, i to 2^ inches high, not thicker than
a horfe-hair in the fmaller plants, nearly, as thick as a crow-quill
in the larger.

Ag. ftipitatus, pileO plicato membranaceo, lamellis bad latiori-
bus. Fl. fuec. 1192.

' The delicate ftrudlure of this plant caufes it to tremble when held
in the hand, as Haller has obferved. The pileus has fometimes a little
moufe-colour in its centre, and fo has the Item in the larger plants
towards the bottom. It dries when old, and then turns wholly of a
brownifh colour. Mr. Stackhoufe once found, and figured one fpej
cimen with a ring on the ftem. —

It is fometimes very minute. Stem not f inch high, and a pileus
not larger than the head of a pin. Baron Haller, Michelius,' and
others, arc inaccurate in defcribing this fpecies as Jlriatedt That cha-
ya6ler, ftridlLy fpeaking, ought to imply certain Ilreaks or marks^

inherent

I

350

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

<

inherent in the pileus, whereas the ftriae which they allude to, are
pothing more than the edges of the Gills appearing plainly through,
the pellucid pileus. Major Velley. — Gills of the fame fubftance as
the pileus, and therefore, like the Chanterelle, not properly an
Agaric. Mr. Woodward,

Ag. ftipitatus, pileo plicato membranaceo, lamellis bafi latiori-
bus. Linn, and Huds. 621. — Ag. candidus. Huds. 620.

Common in hedge bottoms and amongft mofs, attached to dead
leaves and half rotten fticks. 0(51. Nov.

I

wood AGA'RICUS mmora’lis. Gills white, numerous,
4 in a fet. Pileus white,;, fmooth, convex, huffy in the
center. Stem white, thickeft downwards. —

Gills fixed, white, numerous, the upper part only attached to the
flam, very thin and delicate, but not brittle, regularly 4 in a
fet.

Pileus white, fmooth, convex, pointed and bufiy in the center, i
to I inch over.

Stem hollow, white, thickeft at the bottom, which is covered with
a white cottony fubftance, 2 to 3 inches high, thick as a ravep’s
quill.

. In woods; Edgbafton, Oeft. 31ft.

Var.i. Pileus, center concave. Stem cylindrical.

Var. 2. Pileus conical, uneven at the edge. Stem cylindrical.
Gills fixed, white, numerous, 4 in a fet.

Pileus white, fmooth, conical, very thin and therefore tranfparent,
uneven at the edge, cone 5 inch high, and as much acrofs at the
bafe.

Curtain fometimes hanging in fragments to the edge of the pileus,
Stem hollow, white, cylindrical, fmooth, fplitting, not ftraight
but forming a ferpentine line, inch high, thick as a crowT
quill.

Plantations on low wet ground, amongft grafs and mofs. Edgbafton,

Sept.

neat < *AGA'RICUS concin'nus. (Bolt.) — rGills white,
numerous, broad, 4 in a fet. Pileus moufe brown, co-
nical, blunt. Stem white, cylindrical, —

Bolt. 15.

Gills fixed, thin, pliable, clofely fet.

Pileus conical, dark moufe brown, diflblving into a fordid jelly;

3 inches over.

Stem hollow, tender, 2 to 3 inches high,, thick as a goofe quill.
Bolton,

Moift woods, ,23d Sept. 1786,

AGA%

AGARICUS. ■ Hollow and Fixed.

AGA'RICUS va'rins. Gills white, not numerous, variable

2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus conical, fcored. Stem cylindrical,

gloffy, ftiff, fize of a crow quill, t —

Var. I. Gills vvhitilh, 4 in a fet. Pjleus pale brown, edge plaited.

Stem whitifh, crooked and cottony at the root.

BuU. 518. D.

Gills fixed, nearly white, not numerous, regularly 4 in a. fet.

Pileus pale brown, fometimes moufercolour, conical, fcored, ra--
ther plaited at the border, ^ to i inch from the edge to the point
of the cone. Fkfh white, firm.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, ftiflfand elaftic, nearly white, but fomc«
times only fiiyery white at the top, and polifhed grey below ;
thicker, crooked, and cottony at the bottom, 4 to 6 inches high,

thick as a.crow quill.

The remarkable firm ftIfFnefs of the Item chara6lerifes this and

mod of the following varieties. '

Roots and flumps of a filberd hedge, 061. Not.

Var. 2. Gills white, inofculating, 2, 3, or 4 in a fet. Pileus pur»
plifh brown. Stem bluifh brown.

Schceff. 52. I*— 6.

Gills fixed, white, flelhy, firm, often very irregular and inter^^
laced with ligaments connedling them together, but the general
difpofition 2 or 4 in a fet.

Pileus brown, withmore or lefs ofa purplifh tinge, edge in the yo jng
plants cooped in and white, conical, pointed or bofled, but the
apex not always central, flreaked, t to ^ inch from the edge to
the point of the cone.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, but more or lefs comprefled, bluifh
brown, to pale moufe, firm, tough, generally crooked, inch
high,' thick as a crow quill, foraelimcs a little woolly towards
the bottom in the larger plants.

Ag. conicus. Huns. 620.

Roots Q^lberd trees, with the preceding. Nov,

Var. 3. ^ills white, 4 in a fet, connedled by threads to the pileus,

Stem ending in a pear-fhaped bulb.

Gills fixed, white, moderately numerous, connedled by white Hga-i
-.ments to the pileus, 4 in a fet, but the fmaller feries very irre-
gular in fue.

M. 8uUiaT(l -bis well figMrcfl fcyeral forts of this variahl* fpecies in hU
5i3ih plate, all of which hav.e not occurred V> jne, tut I have found feveral
which (iill remain to be figured, and have no doubt but feveral others may
yet be found. On this account, and from the difficulties vvhich I know this
▼ariable fpecies has occafioned, particular deferiptions are added to each
Witty; for bvithis means only capwt hope W £ci tiiem properly arranged.

Pileus

35“ CR \ PTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Pile us brown, conical, but expanded, pointed, fides ftreaked, ^
to If inch over.

Stem hollow, moufe colour, fmooth, if to 3! inches high, thick as
•* a crow quill, fwelling fuddenly at the bottom into a pear-lhaped
bulb, and then dividing into roots.

Bull. 320, the right hand figure would give a good
idea of this plant if the ftem were not fo tall and {lender, the Gills
not loofe, and the root not hairy.

Edgbafton Park. Nov. 1790.

VAR.4. Gills white, aorqinafet. Pileus brownifh white, mot-
tled with purple dots. Stem white.

Bull. 518. E. exprejjes a mottled variety, but it is larger and more
coloured than our Jpecimens.

Gills fixed to the ftem by a fmall claw, white, not numerous, 4
in a fet, but the fmaller feries often wanting.

Pileus brownifh white, mottled with purplifh dots and ftreaks,
conical, cracking at top when full grown, f inch from the edge
• tg the point of the cqne. Elefk white.

Stem hollow, white, glofty, fplitting, often crooked, i to if inch
high, thinner than a crow quill. •

At the bottom of pofts and pales. 25th Nov,

Var. 5. Gills white, with purple blotches, 2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus
whitilh, with purplifh brown blotches. Stem brown.

Gills fixed, of a dirty white with purple blotches; not numerous
2 or 4 in a fet. ’

Pileus whitifh, irregularly blotched with purplifh brown, conical,
{cored, wrinkled at the border, not flefhy, f inch from the edge
to the point of the cone.

pTEM hollow, brown, darkeft at the bottom, fhinipg, fplitting,
crooked, 2 to 3 inches high, thinner than a crow quill.

This Angular and beautiful variety has not been figured. It is
not common with us.

On a hedge bank in the old road, Edgbafton. 27th Nov. 1791.
Var. 6. Gills white, in pairs, long ones fplitting. Pileus conical,
peaked, brown moule. Stem pale moufe, feeble. Root thick.

Gills fi;ced, white, in pairs, long ones often fplitting at the outer
end, or the fhort Gill connedted with the long one.

Pileus conical, pointed, brown moufe, fides wriqkled, f to i inch

from the edge to the apex of the cone. '

OTEM hollow, yhitifh moufe, fmooth, feeble and bending before
the decay of the pileus ; 2 to 3 inches high, not half the thicknefs

^ u *. ™uch thicker than the ftem, bent horizon-*

tally and fometimes turning upwards.

qfumps of a filberd hedge, Edgbafton. 1 7th Odl. 1 790.

Var'

AGARICUS. Hollow and Fixed.

Var. 7. Gills white, in pairs. Pileus dark brown. Stem grey.

Bull. 518. C.

Gills fixed, white, alternately long and fhort, about 20 of each
fort.

Pileus brown to chocolate colour, conical, blunt, border bent in
and wrinkled, i of an inch from the edge to the point.

Stem hollow, filvery grey, often crooked,' f to i inch high, not
much thicker than a large pin.

This is fometimes found not much above a fourth part as large.
Not uncommon in hedge banks. 22d Odl.

* Var. 8. Gills white, 2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus, upper parts black,

lower parts white. Stem black below, white upwards.

Bolt. 137.

Gills narrow', long ones attached to the ftem by a pointed claw.
Pileus oblong egg-fhaped, changing to bell-lhaped ; ^ of an inch
high ; white at the edge only when young, but as it grows, the
white extends up to its middle.

Stem dullcy approaching to black, but when full grown the top is
white. Near 3 inches high ; thick as a raven c^uill. Bolton,
Ag. atro-albus. Bolt.

Amongfl; mofs about the roots of tirees, but rare.

* Var. 9. Gills white, irregular, long ones fometimes cloven.

Pileus dark brow'n at top, paler at the edge. Stem almofl; black,
root crooked, knotted.

Jac^. fi.t. 81.

Gills loofe, pale, unequal, moftly 4 in a fet, long ones fometimes
cloven.

Pileus bluntly conical, dark brown at the top, paler towards the
edge, fcored, fmooth, opake, i-J inch over.

Stem hollow, black, Ihining, ftraight, firm, 4 to 6 inches high.

Root crooked, thick, knotty, funk about an inch into the
earth, and always attached to rotten wood. Always folitary.
Has a ftrong offenfive garlic fmell, which it retains for days
after it has been gathered. Linnaeus fuppofed it to be a variety
of his Ag. campanulatus. Jacquin.

Ag. alliaceus. Jacq. but not of Bulliard, for that has a ftem hairy
on the outfide and folid within.

Profeflbr Jacquin does not fay in his defcription whether the Gills
are fixed to the ftem or not, and in his drawing they appear to be
loofe, but ftill it has fo much the ftrudfuxe of the Ag. varius that
I yenture to place it here, until further obfervations fhall determine
ftiat point, well knowing how little the figures are to be trufted in
a pijint which did not appear of importance to their authors. Mr.

354

CRYPT OGAMIA. Fungi.

, ReJhan tells ys hp found this plant in woods and fhady plac« at»
tached to rotten wood, and oak Ieave% particularly in Madingley
plantations. Sept.

Jtat-Jlemm'd AGA'RICUS compres^jus. Gills white, flelhy,
few, 2 to 8 in a fet. Pileus brown, irregular. Stem
white, eomprefled. —

Gills fixed, white, flelhy, broad, wide apart, very irregular, 2 to
8 in a fet, but moft frequently 4 ; often forked at the outer,end.
Pileus brown, center generally darkeft, very thin, bluntly conical,
but very irregular in lhape, more or lefs tranfparent, when full
pown the Ikin cracks and forms little fcales ; frem i to 2*
inches over.

Stem hollow, containing more or lefs of a loofe pith, white,
brownilh at the bottom, compreffed, rarely ftraight, often irret
gularly crooked and twilled,, fometimes fo eomprefled as to
appear double, fplitting, ^ to ^ inch diameter, 2 to 3 inches
^ The whole plant very brittle and watery. In a great
quantity of fpecimens I did not find a Angle one that had not a
eomprefled Rem. Is not this another variety of tlie fportive Ag,
aurantius ?

In patches on the riflng ground oppofite the Stews, EdgbaRon.

28th June, 1792.

)duer-edged AGA'RICUS argen'teus. Gills watery brotvnifli
white, 4 or 8 in a fet, Ihinirtg at the edges. Pileus pale
watery brown, boffed. Steqi white.—

Gills fixed, watery browaifh white, 4 or 8 in a fet,.the fmall ones
irregular and uncertain, the long ones fometimes fplitting, all
of them Ihining filvery white at the edges.

Pileus pale watery brown, rather conical, bofled, center darker,
furfece mealy, Rreaked at the fides when young, wrinkled and
plaited when old; i to 2^ inches over.

Stem hollow, filvery white, cylindrical, but thicker downwards, ■

tender, fplitting, 2 to 2^ inches high, thick as a goofe or a fwan’s
•quill.

Grows in clufiers, under elm trees in EdgbaRon Park.

loth April, 1792.

/Herd airi'emus. (Batsch.) Gills brown-

pairs. Pileus golden browrij convex,
boiled. Stem brown | thick at the top,—

Batfdi. 21.

Gills •feed, brownilh white, not numerous, In pairs, but fometimes
a little Oral intervening. Pileu

355

A G A R I C U S. Hollow and Fixed.

PiLEUS rich brown, gently convex, bofled, (lightly (cored, ^ inch
over. Fkjh white.

Stem hollow, pale brown, thicker and flattened at the top, firm,
fmooth, to 2 inches high, thick as a crow quill.

Roots of filberd trees, Edgbafton. sqth Nov. 1790.

A G A ' R I C U S plum'beus. (Sch^eff.)— Gills wlaite, fropd
numerous, uniform. Pileus light brown with fome bluifh
lilac tints, convex, border flreaked. Stem white; ring
permanent. —

H. dan. 1 01 ^.—Schceff.S 5. 86, ('but the hollow Jlem not well exprejfed,
though paruculonly vietitioned in the defctiption.) Battar. €. R.

—Mich. 78. 2.-7- B. iii. 826, fg. to the left hand, good.Sttrb.

20, K. 21. B.—Buxb. 48. I, very bad.

Gills fixed, white, very numerous, (hining at the edges, -nearly
uniform, a (horter Gill only now and then intervening.

Pileus convex, brown in the center and boiled ; border with more
or lefs of a bluifli lilac call, flreaked. In its younger ftate freflc4
with white (hining particles ; to 3 inches over. Flejh white.

Stem hollow, a loofe pith in the cavity, very white, cylindrical, bul-
bous at the bottom, 2 to 3 Inches high, •g inch diameter. Ring
white, permanent.

Ray Syn. 7* 3 1 , and all the fynonyms of Hudfon s vertueojus, except
SchaefF. 90. gi, which are the Mufearius.

This is one of the Agarics which pofTefles all the parts properly
belonging to the Genus, and the frofled appearance on the pileus Is
probably the fragments of the wrapper. This fpecies is undoubt-
edly deleterious, vide J. B. iii. 826, where it is well deferibed; alfo
Haller hifl. 2397, and Battar. p. 28, whofe fig. and defeription are
excellent.

Paftures, Edgbaflon, feveral together. Odl.

Var. I. Pileus very pale bluifh lilac.

Schceff. 244.

• Shady fttuations, Edgbafton Park. Odl.

AG A'RICUS ova'lis. Gills brownifh white, 4 ’in oval-headed
afet. Pileus cinnamon, boffed. Stem ‘brownifh white,
cylindrical. —

(Bull. 443, gives an idea of it, but the Jolidftem precludes it from king
the Jam.)

Gills fixed, brownKh white, broad, the edge fhaped like a bent bow,
not very numerous, 4 in a fet, the fecond feries nearly as long as
the firft in the young plants, but the difTewnce U greater as the

•growth advances, Pa rus .

35^

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Pile us convex, fliglitly bofTed, edge turned down, frequently ovaL
red brown, paler at the border, fattiny, i to scinches over. Flelh
^vhIte.

§TEM hollow, brownifli white, cylindrical, but often fomewhat flat*
tened, thicker towards the root, fmooth, filky, not quite central
2 to 35 inches high, to 5 inch diameter. Root bulbous.

Fir plantations at Bar, Staffbrdlhire, and inEdgbafton plantations.

Sept. 0(51,

Var._ I. Stem rich cinnamon coloured like thepileus, and furniflied
with a ring. * ^

Specimen and drawing from Mr. Stackhoufe.

Coplar wood, Herefordfhire. Mr. Stackhouse,

purplijk AGA'RlCySpurpuras'cens. Gills purplifli green-
ifli white, 4 in a fet but irregular, conne(5led by threads
to the pileus. Pileus, edge purplifli, bofs reddifli brown,
btem purphlh white. —

Gills fixed ftrongly to the ftem, purplifh white with acaft of green
flefhy, not numerous, conne(5led by ligaments to the pileus’'

. iphttmg into 3 or 4 divifions at the outer end. The Gills of
the fecond order often end at a diftance from the ftem, whilft a

othe/ feemingly intended tp meet the

Pileus convex, bofled, very thin and femi-tranfparent at the edge
turning up with age; central bofs pale redd ifh brown, border
darker brown with a purple tinge; if to 2 inches over.

Stem hollow, partly filled with a light loofe pith, whitifh with a pur-
ple tinge, fmooth, 2 inches high, thick as a fwan’s quill, more or
leis bent, and fometimes fwollen in the middle
By the long ftew, Edgbaftcip. ' 14th July, 1732.

4 0^8 in numerous,

4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus convex, center brown, edge blue
Stem pale brown. Root large, bulbous.— ^

Gills (lightly connedled with the ftem nearly white, ftightly and

irregulaily fenated at the edges, th^erratures moftobvious in the
older plants, 4 or 8 in a fet.

Pileus ^nvex, brown in the center, bluifh at the edge, elfewhere

pale buff, or alrnoft white, fmooth, i-J- to 2 inches over.

Stem hollow, but the hollow partly filled with loofe pith, pale brown
cylindrical, fmooth, cottony at the bafe, 2 inches hi^h, thick as a.'

gooii;

blue-edged

357

A G A R I C U S. Hollow.and Fixed.

goofe quill. Root a large bulb, covered with a white cottony fub-
ha nee, and dead leaves adhering to it.

Plantations, Edgbafton. 31ft 0(51. 1790.

AGA'RICUS furpu'reus. (Bolt.)— Gills white, ^ 4 purple-pm^
in a fet. Pileus purplifh, fomewhat bo{re(d. Stem cylin-
drical, purple. —

BolL 41. B.—Batfch. 20, very like our plant, hut the Jlem thicker, and
neither the drawing nor the dejcriplion /peak jufficiently to the
firuclicre.

Gills fixed, white or purplifh white, 4 in a fet, uneven at the edge,
moderately numerous, fmaller feries very fmall, fometimes i
wanting.

Pileus bluifh white or purple, changing to yellow brown, gently
convex, or nearly flat, but always more or lefs of a central bofs,
turning up at the edge with age, fmooth, i to i inch over.

Stem hollow, red purple, cylindrical, thick as a crow quill, to 2
inches high. Curtain purplifh, compofed of threads like a cob-
web, vanifhing when the plant is yet young.

The purple colour of the ftem is the fame within as without ; that
of the pileus is very evanefeent. Notwithflanding the difference
of fize, &c. it may poffibly be only a variety of the preceding
fpecies.

Fir Plantations at Bar. June 28, 1 792.

* * Gills brown.

*AGA'RICUS li^a'tus. Gills pale brown, 4 in a corded
fet, conneiSted to the pileus by ligaments. Pileus pale
brown, flat, bofled. Stem pale brown. —

Gills fixed, pale brown, 4 in a fet, connected together and to the n

piletrs by crofs threads. 1

Pileus pale brown, flat, bofled, thin, center deeper brown, i-f inch j

over. i

Ste.m hollow, pale brown, cylindrical, fmooth, 4 inches high, thick
as a crow quill.

The whole plant femi-tranfparent, pale brown, white and opake i;

when dry. The threads or ligaments do not feem fo much formed j

for conneifling the Gills tog^her as for ftrengthening their union j

with the pileus and to keep them perpendicular . to it. I ;

Edgbafton Park. 7th Nov. 1 JQO. j j

I

AGA'RICUS parti' tus. Gills pale brown, fevy, 2 clovenjemmt
or 4 in a fet. Pileus conical, pale brown, fides plaited.

Stem whitifh brown, fplitting at the top. —

Gills

35^ ' CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi,

Gills fixed, pale brown, not numerous, 2 or 4 in a fet, the fmall
feries being often abfent, efpecially in the fmallcr plants.
PiLEus ihoufe brown, paler with age, conical, pointed, fides
plaited, t inch from the bafe to the apex of the cone.

Stem hollow, pale brown, cylindrical, polifhed, fplitting at the top,
3 to 4 Inches high, thick as a thin crow quill.

This is a veiy delicate plant, the ftem uniformly fpllts at the ton
inallthefpecimenslhave examined. The pileus always retains
its conical lhape.

Edgbafton plantations, amongft mofs. Nov,

Var. I . Gills regularly in pairs. Stem white above, moufe below,
2 inches high.

Edgbafton plantations.

re</4rore-7? A G A ' R I G U S lacrima'Us. (Batsch.)— Gills deep
red brown, not numerous, 4 in a fet. Pileus ochrey
brown, fcored, dimpled. Stem red brown. — ^

Batfch. 8.

Gills fixed, deep red brown, femi-tranfparent, not crowded, 4 in

a fep ’

Pileus ochrey brown, fcored at the fides, dimpled in the center,
edge moftly turned down, -k to i inch over. ’

Stem hollow, reddifh brown, generally crooked, to 2 Inclres
•high, hardly fo tliick as a crow quill.

Hedge banks, Edgbafton old road. 27th Nov.

Var. I. Pileus conical. Gills hanging below the edge of the pileus.

Balfih. 7.

Grafs plate.

fctirfy AGA'RICUS m-cwm/efVw.f. (Batsch.)— Gills reddilh
brown, 4 in a fet. Pileus whitilh brown, feurfy, convex

dimpled. Stem whitilh brown, turned up at the bafe.

Batfch. g8.

Gills fixed, reddifh brown, 4 in a fet, but the fhort ones very im-
perfcA from the edge of the pileus rolling in.

Pileus gently convex, whitifti brown, fcurfj% dimpled, edge at firft
much bent inwards, but with age tearing and turning up.

' -Stem holloav, cavity very fine ; whitilh brown, darker with age,
cylindrical, 2 to 2^ inches high, thick as a raven quill. Root, the
end of the ftem thickened and a little turned up.

Fig. of Batfch too fmall, but he mentions in his defeription, which
is a very good one, that the plant is fometimes much larger.

Edgbafton in pafture lands. , ,th Oeft. 1 790.

AGA'-

AGARICUS. Hollow and Fixed. .359

AGA'RICUS te'jier. fScH^EFF.) — Gills nut brown, nut-brown
4 in a fet, extending below the edge of the pileus. Pileus
deep buff, bluntly conical, dark brown at the edge. Stem
nut brown, fmooth, fplitting. —

Sckteff. 70. — Bull. 535. I. — and 403. B. C. (but the colours in the
latter paler than our fpectmens.J

Gills fixed (lightly to the ftem, rich nut brown, their extremities
dipping below the edge of the pileus, not numerous, 4 in a fet.

Pileus deep buff, dark brown edge, bluntly conical, fmooth, t
inch from the bafe to the apex of the cone.

Stem hollow, nut brown, cylindrical, lilky, fmooth, fplitting,
twiffing, 3i inches high, hardly fo thick as a crow quill.

Edgbafton, the farther plantation, amongft grafs and mofs.

31ft 06t. rygo.

AGA'R ICUS fus'co-fla'vus. Gills dark cinnamon, yellow-broam
4 in a fet. Pileus brown yellow, convex, boffed, edge
turned down. Stem brown yellow, fplitting.-—

ScJneff. 4.

Gills fixed, full cinnamon, broad but not very numerous, 4 in a
fet, regular.

Pileus convex, brown yellow, fattiny, a fmall pointed bofs in the
center, edge dipping down, i^ to 2 inches over.

Stem hollow, brownifh yellow, white below, fattiny, cylindrical,
compreffed, fplitting, 2 to 4 inches high, inch diameter, or
more. Sometimes the pileus is dimpled and fciirfy, and theS
long Gills are much broader than the others. Thefe dKfdiences
feem chiefly to take place when the plants attain a larger fize,
viz. the ftem from 3 to 5 inches high, and the pileus 3 or 4
inches over.

Schaeffer’s name cannot properly be retained, but our plant exadfly
cbrrefponds with his figure, which has repeatedly been confidercd as
the Ag. ciniiamomeus of Linnaeus. Mr. Bolton feems to be the firif
who has difcovered that plant in this kingdom, and has figured it
extremely well in his appendix.

Paftures, Edgbafton. 17th Gift.

AGA'RICUS vulpi'nus. Gills red chernut, 2 or foxy
4 in a fet. Pileus chefnut, fmall, flattilh, dimpled. Stem
fox-colour. —

Gills fixed, chefnut- colour, firm, 4 in a fet, about 30 long ones.

Pileus chefnut, flattilh, dimpled, turning up with age, ^ or J of
an inch over.

SX£M

^ CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Stem hollow, the perfoVation very hne, tawriey or fox-colour, firm,
flefhy, 2 to 4 inches high, thick as a fwan’s qiull.

The almoll uniform dead foxy-colour, the fmallnels, flatnefs,- and
thinnefs of the pileus, compared with the length, the firmnels, and
the thicknefs of the ftem, give this plant a very Angular appearance,
but I have not found any figure refcmbling it.

Several together, feemingly from one common root, amongd
mofs; Edgbafton. ^ nth Odt. 1790.

Var. I. Gills in pairs, long ones about 50. Pileus convex, not
dimpled, very fmall. Stem club-fhaped, greatly tapering
upwards.

Edgbafton plantations. ' Aug. Ocft.

Mofs AGA'RICUS Hyp'ni. (Batsch.) — Gills cinnamon,
4 in a fet, long ones about 15. Pileus reddilh brown,
conical. Stem cylindrical, fox-coloured, fhining.— '

Batfch. g6.

Gills fixed, cinnamon colour, 4 in a fet, long ofies about 15.

Pileus unifomi reddilh brown, conical, blunt, rather fcored, i-8th
to f of an inch over.

Stem hollow, but pithy, cylindrical, Ihining, tawney or fox-colour,

^ i to i| inch high, not thicker than a pin.

Amongft mofs. Oci.

AGA'RICUS lacinia'tus. Gills brown,* very broad,
ragged at the edges, 4 in a fet. PileUs liglit brown, femi-
globular. Stem white, tapering downwards. —

Gills nightly fixed to the top of , the ftem, brown, ragged at the
edges, very broad, filling up the hollow of the pileus, 4 in a fet.
Pileus light brown, fcmi-globular, fmooth, 1 to 2 inches over.

Fkjh white. I

Stem hollow, white, tapering downwards, if to 2 inches high, thick
as a goofe quill.

Edgbafton Park. , ^th Gift. 1 790,

Jhleld AGA'RICUS clypea'tus, (Linn.) — Gills greyiflr
brown, 4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus pale brown, convex,
bolfed, vifcid. Stem white, vifcid. —

Bolt. 57. Sch(sff, 52. yi 7. 8. 9, the Jiem and the bcfS more coloured
than oars. — Battar. 25. E.

Gills fixed flightly to the ftem, greyilh watery brown, 4 or 8 in
a fet.

^ Pileus brown, convex, bolfed, border fcored, very vifcid, fo that
flies lighting upon it cannot efcape, paler in colour when this
vifcid matter is rubbed off, i to if inch over. Stem

A G A R I C U S. Hoi 1 ow and Fixed .

Stem holloW) white, ‘vifcid, tender, eafily broken, fplitting, 3 or 4
inches high, thick as a crow'xjuill.

Ag; ftipitatus, piled hemilphserico fordido ; umbilico prominente,
lamellis albis, Ripite longo cylindraceo albo. FL Suec. 1216.
Hte.hetnilphericcd, generally with a pointed bofs, vifcid. Gills
white not hollow underneath, their lides fprinkled with a dark co-
lo»ired powder. ' Sie/ti cylindrical, long, Render, white. Linn.

Tliere.is fome doubt whether we are right in confidering this fpe-
■cifis as the fame with the Clypealus of Linnaeus. He fays the Gills
are ivhite, but then the circumftance of their being dufted with a
'dark coloured powder may give them tlie colour we have deferibed.
He refers to Haller mam. 41. 35, where Haller deferibes them as
very white ; in every other refpedl his defeription applies exadlly to
our plant, and he refers at 2388 of his Hijl, Helv. to the fame figures
which we have found. to correfpond with ours. — This in many re-
fpedls refem,bles the Ag. vciius, but the elaftic firm and wiry Rem
of that, is ery different from the tender texture of this. Air.
Stackhouse.

Plantations in EdgbaRon Park. 5th Sept.

AGA'RICUS fmi-pn'tris. (Bull.) — Gills dark brown
to black, 4 or 8 in a let. Pileus pale brown, conical,
blunt, apex: polilhed. Stem white. —

Bull. 66, (very exaef, but the Jlem more coloured than ours.)

Gills fixed, dark brown changing to black and liquefying, nume-
rous, moRly 4, but in the full expanfion of the larger plants, 8
in a fet.

: Pileus pale dead brown, conical, blunt, apex more or lefs fmocth
and polifhed, fides a little Rreaked, thin, femi-tranfparent, i
to 2 inches from the edge to the top of the cone and as much in
diameter at the bafe, forming an equilateral- triangle.

: Stem hollow, filvery white, fplitting, cylindrical, 2 to 5 inches
high, thick as a raven’s quill. “ Top of the pileus fometimes
Rightly tinged of a chefnut colour. '

In gardens. OcR.

* Var. I. Gills 4 in a fet. Pileus grey to black.

Bolt. 66. I.

In all other rcfpeiRs fimilar to the above, but not more than l^lf
fthe fize. '

Amongft rotten oak leaves on grafs land. • OcR.

>Var. 2. Gills chocolate brown to black, mottled, in pairs. Pileus
moufe colour, conical, pointed. Stem raoufc, cylindrical, firm.
•Gills fixed, dvk brown, mottled, turning black, in pairs.

Vol. III. 2 A PiLEU?

361

equilateral

362

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungit

PiLEUs conical, pointed, moufe coloured, fleek and fattiny, 4 to t
inch from the bafe to the apex of the cone.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, firm, moufe colour, darker below, 3 to
6 inches high, thick as a crow quill.

Curtain extremely delicate and fugacious, for a fhort time
fringing the edge of the pileus.

This though one of our moft common, and when in perfedllon a
beautiful fpecies, does not appear to be figured by any one. In a
fine fummer morning it is covered witth a bloom like that on a
plumb, frequently with a glittering fpangled appearance, which,
aided by the regularity of its form and the fine fringe of the cur-
tain, make it an objeft which the eye contemplates with pleafure.
When gathered the top of the ftem is apt to bend at a right angle,
fo that the apex of the cone points horizontally. The bloom fooii
Vanifhes, and the whole turns black in decay. In its general habit
and the firmnefs of its ftem, it approaches the Ag. varius.

Grafs plats and new mown fields. July.

honey AGA'RICUS mel'leus. {Sghieff.) — Gills pale tvatery
brown, 4 in a fet. Pileus pale buff, center deeper, rather

conical. Stem whitifli, crooked. Curtain fugacious.

Schaff. ^5.

Gills fixed by fmall claws to the ftem, pale watery brown, 4 in
a fet.

PILEUS buff in the center, paler towards the edge, rather conicsJ,
edge turned in, fmooth, clammy, 2 inches over. Fkjk yellow
white.

Stem hollow, whitifh, feurfy and brown below, cylindrical, crooked,
2 to 3 inches high, thick as a fmall goofe quill.

Curtain white, tender, not leaving a ring.

Grow's in clufters, with a large root extending horizontally, and
fixed to fragments of rotten wood.

Edgbafton plantations. 2 1 ft Auguft.

* Var, I. Pileus chefnut colour.

Bolt. 10.

I venture to place this here, but wifh the author had been more
explicit either in his figure or in his defeription.

JleJhhJs ^ AGA'RICUS ma'cer. Gills pinky pale brown, 8
in a fet. Pileus pale brown, convex, bolfed. Stem white,
cylindrical, fmooth. —

Bull. 518./. F.

Gills fixed, pinky white when young, changing when expanded td
. a brownifh flefh colour, thin, numerous.

Pileus

AGARlCUS. Holldw and Fixed.

Pi LEU 5 conical when young, nearly flat when old j always bofled,'
nightly fcored, uneven at the edge, very thin and femi-tranfpa-i
rent, the pale dead brown \Vhen rubbed getting a pinky call ;
from I to 3^ inches over.

Stem hollow j white, cylindrical, fnlooth, fplitting, from il' to 4
inches high, from i-8th to 3-8ths diameter. Neither curtain
nor ring.

Growing in clufters, and like moll of the cluftcred Agarics, varying
very much in fize.

Edgbafton Milking-bank. July — ^Sept;

Var. I. Gills pinky brown, 4 ot 8 in a fet. Pileus very pale buffi
nearly flat. Stem with a little loofe pith in the hollow.

Batjch. III., (hit the pileus in tjur plants paler and Jldtter.J
Gills fixed, flelhy bi'oWn colour, with a purplifh tinge at the
edges when fhedding the feed, 4 or 8 in a let.

Pileus nearly flat, with a gently raifed bofs, buffy white at the
border, more buffy in the center; a little cracking and wrinkled
at the edge, i to if inch over. Fkjh very thin> white.

Stem hollow, with more or lefs pith, white, cylindrical, fmooth>
3i inches high, thick as a crow or raven quill.

The ftem is much taller in proportion to the fize bf the pileus
than in the preceding.

In clufters on rotten wood. Odl.— Aprih

* Var. 2. Gills 4 in a fet. Pileus nearly white, hemifpherical,
tranfparent. Stem white.

Bolt. II.

I Gills fixed, white with a faint reddifli brown tinge, black in decay;

thin, flexible, broad, diftant, 4 in a fet.

1 Pileus white, hemifpherical, never turning up, fometimes waved
at the edge, membranaceous, thin, i^ to 2 inches over.
jStem hollow, white, Teadily fplitting, 2 or 3 inches high, thick as a
fwan’s quill. Bolton. Entirely without flefh. Mr.
Woodward.

Shady woods on the decaying roots of fallen oak trees. [Not
juncommon. Mr. Woodward.]

I AG A' RICUS virida'rius* Gills paid broWn, 4 in a
ifet, few. Pileus rich buff, convex. Stem pale buff,
^cylindrical. — *

Schc^. 226.

Gills fixed, pale brown, 4 in a fet, long ones not more than i6i
Pileus rich buff, regularly convex, fmooth, inch over;

FUJk ycllowifh.

2 A a Stem

3%

grafs plat

364

cinnamon

rofy

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Stem hollow, tlie cavity pretty much filled with a white pith; pale
buff, cylindrical, fmooth, i inch long, thinner than a crow quill.
Root a knob. ,

Has none of the powdery matter on the pileus mentioned by
Schaefter, but that is probably a very tranfitory appearance. The
hollow In the ftem is uniformly filled with a white pith, the furround-
ing flefh having a yellow caff. This pith does not appear in
Schaeffer’s figure, therefore I fuppofe it is not always found fo fully
to occupy the hollow.

Grafs plats, but not very common. Aug.

*** Gills red.

AGA'RICUS cinnamo'meus. (Linn.) — Gills deeji
tawny red, broad about the middle, 4 in a fet. Pileus
rich cinnamon, convex, fomewhiat bolTed. Stem yellow. —
Bolt. 150. (not Schceff. t. 4.)

Gills tawny red. Films convex, but flatted, often with a central
rife; colour of leather, or of a chefnut. Stem yellowilh, naked,
long. It is readily diftinguifhed by its cinnamon colour. Luvn.

• — Not Haller n. 2432, nor Ray fyn. 5. n. 23, nor Huds. 615. n.’ ig.
— Gills a glowing reddifii yellow. Pileus yellowifh fnuff colour,
clothy to the touch. Stem bright yellow, flefhy, thicker at bottom.
So well defcribed by Linnaeus that it is furprifing it has not been
fince obferved. Thefe obfervatlons accompanied . by a beautiful
drawing of the plant by Mr. Stackhouse.

Gills fixed by claws, which break as the pileus attains its fuUeft
expanfion, deep tawny red, broadeft in the middle, uneven at the
edge, not crowded.

Pileus rich cinnamon, convex, the edge turned down, but flat and
the edge curled In, even In its ftate of greateft expanfion, the i
central bofs fmall, pointed ; diameter to 3^ inches.

Stem hollow, fine full yellow, cylindrical, generally crooked, fome-
times in old plants flatted, 2 inches high, filky, Ihining, thick as
a goofe quill.

Plantations belonging to Mr. Pearfon atTettenhall, Staffordlhire.
July, — Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.

AGA'RICUS ro'feus. (Bull.) — Gills rofe red, a
to 4 in a fet, connefted by crofs threads. Pileus rofe
red, boiled. Stem pale rofe. —

Bull. 162.

Gills fixed flightly to the ftem, delicate rofe or peach bloflbm colour,

( not numerous, 4 in a let, but the Ihorter feries often wanting,

large

AGARICUS. Hollow and Fixed. 365

large Gills in the larger plants as if bitten at the edges; all of
them connedled by crofs threads or ligaments.
piLEUs blofibm or pale rofe colour, convex, bofled, fcored at the
lidas, edge ragged, tuming up with age and changing to yellow
brown, from to inch over.

Stem hollow, pale rofe colour, firm, fplitting, cylindrical, fmooth,

2 to q. inches high, from i-8th to 3-8ths of an inch diameter.

Ag. incarnatus. Relhan. fuppl. ii. n. 1092.

Plantations, Edgbafton. Nov. 1790.

Var. I. Gills flefliy. Pileus brown buff inclining to rofe, bofs
darker, fmooth, fides ribbed. Stem pale rofe or yellowifh, white
at the top.

Sch^ff. 303,

Bottom of flumps, Nov,

AGA'RICUS (erugtno'fus. (Curtis.) — Gills lilac, verdigris
4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus blue, changing to brown yellow,
convex, boffed. Stem bluilh. —

Curt, 309, excellent, (but not Hudfon's viridis which has xvhke Gills,
nor yet Micheli 152, albiet virides, 2, which has a white Jlem alfo.j
— Schceff. I. — Bolt. 143, a very large Jpecimen.

' Gills fixed, numerous, rich lilac colour, 4 in a fet in the fmall, 8
in the large plants.

Pileus convex, boffed, blue, flimy, i to 3 inches over; border
turning up when old.

. Stem hollow, bluifh, white at the top, nearly cylindrical, 1-5 to 2 2
inches long ; lower part covered with a thin bluifh green fkin.

Curtain white, delicate, fringing with its fragments the border of
the pileus, and forming a ring on the flem, but not a very per-
manent one.'}’ Root conical, thicker than the flem, growing to
rotten wood.

The blue colour of the pileus feems caufed by the flimy matter •

I upon it, and this being laid on a yellow ground, produces a greenifh
;<caft.

Ray S^’n. p. 6. n. 30.

Rookery, Edgbafton.— Not uncommon in woods. Mr. Stag k-
f;HOusE. — Earfham wood, Suffolk. Mr. Woodwarp. Sept. 0(51.

Var. I. Gills 4 in a fet. Pileus pale blue, pointed. Stem entirely
white.

f In the Autumn of 1788, in feveral hundred fpecimens, I never found
one that had a Ring on the flem, but the following year, almoft every one
which oeeurred had this diflinguiiliing mark. Major V ellet.

2^A 3 A fmaU

366

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

A fmall fpecimen, perhaps only different from having growq
(liaded by a large plant of the Ag. Lifteri. Var. i . 31ft Odl,

Var. 2. Gills regularly 4 in fet, without crofs threads. Pileus conical,
Stem white.

Gills fixed, few, regularly 4 in a fet, peach bloffom colour.

Pileus conical, pointed, bloflbm colour, uneven at the edge.

3tem hollow, beautifully white, 2^ inches high, ^ inch diameter.
Edgbafton, by the ftews, amongft grafs; rare. 27th Ocl;. 1790,
Thefe plants are femi-tranfparent, tender and brittle. I think
Mr. Bulliard miftakesin faying the Gills are /00/e, they only become
fo when the pileus turns up as the plant approaches its decay, and
then they are torn from the ftem. His reference to Schieffer, t. 75,
is certainly erroneous, for that is Ag. integer.

* AGA'RICUS fsfus, (Bolt.) — Gills pale brick
red, broad, numerous, 4 in a fet. Pileus conical, dulky
olive, brown at the top. Stem grey, fplitting.—

■60/f. 35.

Gills fixed, thin, flexible, of a colour between carnation and
orange.

Pileus ftriated at the edge, bluntly conical, i to 2 inches over.
Stem hollow, pale grey, but clofely examined appears to have fine
longitudinal ftripes of a moufe colour and filky white alternately;
frequently fplits throughout its whole length, the edges of the di-
vided parts rolling in fo as to give the appearance of 2 ftems fup-

porting one pileus ; 4 5 i^icrhes high, thick as a goofc quill,

Bolton,

Woods about Halifax.

* ** * Gills purple.

livid purple

* AGA'RICUS livldo-purpu'reus, Gills purple,
few, brittle, 4 in a fet. Pileus purple, convex. Stem
purple, cylindrical, brittle.—

Bolt. 63 ; and 4.

Gills fixed, irregularly waved at the edge.

Pileus convex, waved at the edge, turning up with age and lofing
its colour ; j f to 2-^ inches over.

Stem hollow', often crookpd, colour changing to a d/rty brown; 2 to
32 inches high, ^ inch diameter. Bolton.

Ag. amethyftinus. Bolt, but that name was pre-occupied. Mr,

polton s name for pi. 4, he himfelf difeoyered to have originated in
jj miitake.

Var I. Whole plant of a dirty brownifh flefh colour.

foil. C4.

AGARIC US. Hollow and Fix^d.

Mr. Bolton thinks this the fame as his pi.
diftinAion between them except in colour.
been made carclclsly, for the Gills in this
dijlantfrom the Jiem, whilft in pi. 4, and pi. 63
to the Jlem. Perhaps however he is right, and
have been drawn from a plant in a weak or
Gills may have feparated from the ftem,
plant was in a difeafed ftate.

Moift woods, on fteep rocks.

63, and fays he finds no
IF fo, the difleftionshavc
are drawn remarkably
, they are drawn as fxed
the diffedfed figure may
decaying ftate, when the
I fufpect that the whole

Aug.-

-Nov.

*****

Gills yellow.

3^7

AGA'RICUS auran'ths. (Lightfoot.)— Gills yel
low, flelhy, 8 in a fet. Pileus conical, orange, edge un
even. Stem yellow, fplitting.—

Curt. ^oS.—Schceff. 2.— Bull. 50, and 524. 3.— Bo/f. 67. 2 Tbarw.
327. A. B. C.—Fl. dan. 833.— Ba//cA. 28,

Ag. ftipitatus, pileo convexo, lamellis bafi mucrone dentatis. Linn.
—G^s pale yellow, angular at thebafe. Tileus deeperyellow, fmooth,
edge bent inwards. Fl.JuiC. 1206. See Ag. pfittacinus; note at the
bottom of the page.

Gills fixed flightly to the ftem, paler or deeperyellow, thick, flelhy,
not numerous, irregular, 4 or 8 in a fet, long ones about 30

or 40. ,

PiLEOS conical, fattiny, glutinous, bright red or orange, or pals
yellow; brownilh, and even black with age; the colour remain-
ing longeft at the edge; fhape irregular, fometimes bofled, edge
always uneven, foon cracking and turning up, i to mch from
the bafe to the apex of the cone. Flejh yellow, tender, brittle.
Stem hollow, pithy, pale yellow to deep faffron, ftreaked. often
flatted or twifted, fplitting, i to 3 inches high, f to o incii

diameter. , . ..

Ag. dentatus. Linn. Huos.-But I ftill retain the name given it

by Mr. Lightfoot, becaufe we have long been accuftomed toaffiiciate
it with the plant, and it is alfo more obvioufly characfteriftic than

that of Linnaeus. . , r n

Edgbafton Park, plentiful on a grafly bank floping to the Ealt. ^

Bungay Common, frequent. Mr. "^Voodward.— Covers up an

paftures and downs, near Bath. In woods and long grafs

grows taller. Mr. Stackhouse. _ , i.i

Var. I . Pileus deep crimfon. Stem carmine colour. Gills 4 in
a fet,

Scho’ff. 2./. 6, nearly reprejents U,

Smaller

oranjre

368

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Smaller than the preceding. Amongft fhort grafs and mofs — ■
Very.Imall, glofTy, highly coloured; growing on commons amongd:
fhort grafs. Woolhope, Herefordlhire, Clowance, Cornwall. Mr.
Stackhouse.

, Var. 2. Gills few, pale green, whitifli at the edges, 4 in a fet, but
irregular. Pileus green, changing to yellow brown, convex,
boffed, irregular. Stem green above, yellow below.

Gills fixed, dilute green, pale yellowifh brown, or whitifh toward^
the edges, 4 in a fet, but the fmaller ferics very irregular, fome-'
times abfent, fometimes 2 in a place ; large ones about 30.
Pileus convex, bofled,, irregular, border fcored, turning up with
green when young, changing to a varying mixture of
brownifh yellow and green, i to inch over.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, fplitting, greenifh upwards, yellowilih
; Ipelow, !■§ inch high, thick as a raven quill.

. whole plant femi-tranfparent, and fo flippery with flime that
It IS with difficulty retained between the fingers.

Edgbafton Park, by the ftews ; not frequent. 2 1 ft Oeft. i ygo^

Var. 3. Gills loofe, pinky, flefhy, 4 in a fet. Pileus pale pink!
Stem pinky.

Gills loofe, pinky, flefhy, brittle, not numerous, in contadb with,
but not fixed to the ftem, 4 in a fet.

Pileus pale pink, conical, pointed, edge irregular and uneven,
almoft clafping the ftem when young, turning up with age and
cracking entirely through to the very center; height of the cone
I inch. FkJJi thin, pinky.

Stem hollow, white rvith a pinky tinge, cylindrical, but flatted,
often cracking through its whole length on one or both fides, and
the ^ges at the cracks turning in fo as to give the appearance of
two ftems united together; i to 2 inches high, p inch diameter.

- aftures, Edgbafton, by the longftew in the Park, on land Hoping
to the North Eaft. t nxT

Var. 4. Gills loofe, yellow, 2, 3, or 4 in a fet. Pileus and ftem
pinky.

The fmalleft Gills are very minute, and frequently wanting.

On the-fame floping ground as the preceding. 22! July.

Ihe Ag. aurantius is the ftrongeft exception I have met with to
theprefentmodeofarranging the Genus. The two laft varieties
undoubtedly belong to the aurantius, any of the platesof which will
^ ° the colours, and the cjrcumftances of the

1 swerec yge . ei haps the Gills in an earlier ftage of growtli
may be found attached to the ftem ; and as to colour, this fpecies is
unufually fportive. To prevent embarraflTment I fhall introduce
them as exceptions to the general diftribution; and what fyftem
cxilts without its exceptions.?

* AGA'-

AGARICUS. Hollow and Fixed.

* AG A'R I C U S cera'ceus. (Wulfen.) — Gills pale
yellow, in pairs. Pileus deep yellow, hemifphericai,
linooth. Stem deep yellow, cylindrical. —

Wulfen, in Jacq. mifc. 15, 2.

Ag. ftipitatus; pileo hemifpherioo ftipiteque fubfiftulofo flavis;
lamellis aquofe luteolis. Wulfen.

Gills fixed? not crowded, broad,

Pileus convex, dry, deep yellow, ^ of an inch over.

Stem with a fine hollow, nearly as thick as a goofe quill, full one
inch high, 2-iQths diameter. Flejh of the pileus and ftem yel*
low. Jacq. mifc. ii. p. 105, not 25, as by miftake in Dickfon,
Dry paftures. Sept. Dicks, fafc. i. p. 16.

AGA'RICUS pfittaci'nus. (ScHyEFF.) — Gills bright
yellow, 4 in a fet. Pileus fine green and rich buff,
bluntly conical. Stem green, —

Schieff. 301. — Battar. 21. £.

Gills fixed (lightly to the ftem, full bright yellow, 4 in a fet ; long
Gills about 21 ; edge fcolloped, but without any particular
pointed tooth at the bafe.-j*

Pileus bluntly conical, rich buff, border when young beautifully
green, vifeid, paler with age and the edge turning up, i of an
inch over.

Stem hollow, beautifully green, fmooth, (limy, tender, fplitting, i
inch high, thick as a crow quill. When old the green on thcL
upper part remains, whilft the lower becomes yellow.

t Schaeffer, and after him, our Englifli authors, have fuppofed this to be
the Ag. dentatui of Linnaeus, but it can hardly be fp, as he points out the fol-
lowing particulars in his plant which do not exift in ours : — “ Gills with a
tooth at the bafe, feparating from the ftem ; their edges broad, fub-villofe
“ or mealy. Pileus convex, border bent in. Stem fcored towards the top;

growing in cluftefs.” — My opinion is well fupported by the folloyvipg re-
marks ol Major Velley : — “ Schaeffer is of opinion that his Ag. pfittacinus and
Ag. coccineiis, t. 301 — and 302, are both deferibed by Linnaeus under the tri-
vial name dentuius. If this is the fafl, has not the great naturalift formed his
fpecific charadler with lefs precifion than ufual, fi nee there are other Agarics
more obvioully dentated than the abovft, particularly than the coccineut 302,
which in Schaeffer’s table does not fhew the indented c.harafler ? I have fre-
quently found the Ag. cocciueus of Schaeffer, but do not recollefl to have ob-
feived the teeth, and if they were obfervable, in an Agaric lo remarkable in
its colour and habit, they might have been noticed in the general defeription
of the plant, while its more obvious diftinflions iltould have furuiflied its
trivial name.”

The

.369

heeS’Wax

paroquet

370

C RYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

The whole plant vifcid and filmy. The green colour here fcems,
as in the Ag. epniginofus, to be contained in the flimy coating, which
being laid on a golden ground acquires fuch an unufual brilliancy.
It wears or wafhes from the central and projeAing part of the pilcus
and then fhews the yellow ground, but it remains longeft on the
upper part of the ftem, becaufe there protedled by the fhclter the
pileus affords.

Pool dam, and the Red Rock plantation in Edgbafton Park.

Aug. Sept.

watery A G A ' R I C U S aguo’Jus. (Bolt.) — Gills pale yellow,
4 in a fet. Pileus pale yellow, conical, fmooth. Stem
dufky white. —

Bolt.yi.i.

Gills fixed by a fine point.

Pileus glutinous, bell-fhaped, pale dufky yellow, hardly finch
high.

Stem hollow, dufky white, i inch high, thicknels of a thin crow
quill. Whole plant tender, watery, pellucid, wrapped in a foft
downy covering when very young. Bolton.

Not Ag. aquofus of Hudfon, which is a variety of the Ag. con-
;gregatus.

On rotten wood, under the fprinklings of the ftream of Elm Cragg
Well at Bcllbank, near Bingley. April.

****** Gills buff.

flejh-coloured, ^ AG A'RICU S fubcar'neus. (Batsch.)— Gills buff, 4
in a fet. Pileus convex, pinky buff, vifcid. Stem buff,
polilhed

Batfyfi. 100. — Schaff, 63.

Gills fixed, buff, 4 in a fet; long ones about 22. I

Pileus deep pinky buff, convex, vifcid, near ^ inch diameter.

Stem hollow, the hollow nearly filled with pith, buff, vifcid, po-
lifhed, cylindrical, about i inch high, thinner than a crow quill.
Ray fyn. p, 8. n.38.

Edgbafton Park. yth Nov. 1 790.

fcurfyjlemm d AGA'RICUS fcario'fus. Gills deep buff, 4 in a fet.

Pileus convex, buff. Stem whitilli above, dark brown
and fcaly below, Ring permanent, pale brown. —

Gills fixed, numerous, deep buff, 4 in a fet.

Pileus convex, rather bofled, pale buff, but the center and a cir-
cle round the border darker; ^ to inch over. Flejh white.

Stem

AGARICUS. Hollow and Fixed.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, thick as a raven’s quill, to 2 inches
high, nearly white above the ring, dark brown below it; the
dark part apparently rough with Ihort, brown, flender, rifing
fcalcs. Ring fixed near the Gills, forming a beautiful pale brown
fringe round the ftem. Refembles the Ag. nigripes. Bull. 34^,
but the Gills in our plant are darker, and that has no ring.

Plantations, Edgbafton. 31(1 061. 1790.

AGA'RICUS Jlocco'fus. (Sch^ff.) — Gills buff, 2 or Jhaggy
4 in a fet. Pileus convex, bright bay, tufted with dark
hair. Stem brown, bay, tufted. —

Cttrt. 264, very large. — Schaff. 61, fize of our plants. — Bull. 266,

Gills much darker than ours. — Batfch. 30. — ( not Bailor, t. 8. H.
for that plant is entirely white.)

Gills fixed, buff, turning brownifh, numerous, 2 or 4 in a fet,
but irregular. .

Pileus bright bay, fet with dark triangular pencils of hair, convex
when young, bofled in middle age, concave when old, edge
turned down, to 2 inches over.

Stem hollow, brown, fibrous or hairy, 2 inches high, nearly as
thick as a goofe quill. Curtcdn fugacious. Ring permanent.

This is with us a very rare fpecies, and my opportunities of exa-
mining it have been infufficicnt to allow me to clear up fome diffi-
culties which prefent themfelves on infpedling the figures and defcrip-
tions of authors. I beg tlierefore to be underftood as fpeaking with
great uncertainty, and with it may challenge the attention of thofe
botanifts who have better opportunities of examining it. I have two
forts of fhaggy Agarics now before me, the one juft now defcribed,
gathered at Edgbafton, another fort fent from Herefordfhire by
Mr. Stackhoufe. The firft fort has a regular fine hollow in the ftem,

• and fixed Gills, the fecond has a folid ftisni and decurrent Gills. The
habit and general appearance are the fame in both, but thefe effen-
tial differences in ftrudlurc require them to be kept apart. Schasff.

61 . is a very exadl reprefentation of the plants found here, and
Schaeff. 80. agrees well with the Herefordfhire plant. Schaeffer was
aware that they were not the fame plants, and has attempted, though
not lucccfstully, to point out fome diferiminating differences.

Curtis 264, and Bull. 266, agree with the Edgbafton plant in ftruc-
ture, but they are both much larger, and the colour of the Gills is
too dark in M. Bulliard’s plate. The Herefordlhirc plant has been
extremely well drawn by Mr. Stackhoufe, it is alfo indifferenly
figured FI. dan. 491, of a fmall fize. For what more I know rc-
fpe6ling it fee Ag. pilofus.

377

Gills

372

CRYPTOGAM! A. Fungi.

******* Gills green.

elujlered AGA'RICUS fafdcula'ris, (Huds.) — Gills brown
green, 4 in a fet. Pileus yellow and orange. Stem
yellow. —

Scjt(pff. 49. I. 2. S’— Bolt. 29.-7. B. iii. 835.

Gills fixed, pale brown with a greenifh call, changing to dark
olive brown ; very numerous.

Pileus more or lefs conical, yellow, clothy, brown orange in tl^e
center, which is Ibmetimes rather bofled, if to 2 inches over.
5tem hollow, yellow, crooked, fometimes compreffed and appearing
as if double ; 2 to 4 inches l^igh? thick as a crow or a goofe quill.

Cnrtain very pale'yellow, fugacious, leaving no durable mark
on the ftem.

In the larger and more expanded plants fome of the long gills
feparate froru the ftem ; and then they ceafe to grow, for they appear
lefs broad than thofe which remain attached to it, This circunt-
ftance however compels us to count 8 in a fet,

Ray Syn. p. g. n, 505

Gills very clofely fet and in maturity changing from a yellowifh
green to a dulky colour, difcharging a duft when ftiaken. Major
Velley.— When held againft the light with the gills towards the
eye and gently turned round, a beautiful golden, metallic luftre
feems to play upon the under furface.

In clufters; fometimes apparently diftant from any rotten wood,
but moft conftantly found under trees, or near the bottom of pofts.

June— Auguft — ^April.
Var. I. Gills yellow to greenifh, 8 in a fet, regular. Stem with 3^
ring.

Baljch. 29.

Gills fixed, pale, yellowifh, foon changing to greenilh, regularly 8
in a fet.

Pileus at firft conical, the edge turned in, then nearly flat, full
buff, harfh to the touch, if to if inch over.

Stem hollow, pale yellow, filky, feldom quite ftraight, ift0 2f
inches high, near f inch diameter, marked very near the top
with a ring.

Curtain woolly, pale greenifh yellow, not very fugacious, part
adhering to the edge of the pileus and part to the top of the
ftem forming a ring.

In clufteis, Edgbafton, at the bottom -of pofts, or other half rotten
wood. Odl.

Var.

A G A R I C U S. Hollow and Fitted. 373

' Var. 2. Gills watery white changing to grey green. Pileus irre-
gularly convex, bofled.

FI. dan. Qoo.—Battar. 22. D. G. N.—Bolt. s.-^Schteff. 49. 6. 7.

Gills fixed'flightly to the top of the ftem by a minute claw, wa-
ter^' white with a faint tinge of grey, which foon attains a green-
ifh caft ; numerous, 4 or 8 in a fet.

Pileus in-egulariy convex, bofled but flatted at the top, fides de-
prefled in places, edge turned in, deep buff" approaching to brown
orange, paler at the tides, cracking, 2 to 5 inches over.

Fkjh yellow white.

Stem hollow, with a loofe pith, yellow white or buff above, brown ,
at the bottom, fmooth, crooked, cylindrical, fplitting, 3 to 4
inches long, and near -g inch diameter.

Curtain woolly, greenilh white, fringing the edge of the pileus
but not leaving a ring on the ftem.

Ray Syn. p. 10. n. 57.

Single or in clufters, not uncommon, but the root always attached
to rotten wood. Nov. ; April.

AGA'RICUS auran'tius. Gills fixed, few, pale orangs
green, whitiih at the edges, 4 in a fet, but irregidar.

Pileus green, clianging to yellow brown, convex, boued,
irregular. Stem green above, yellow below. —

Ag. aurantius. Var. 2. fee page 368.

»««***** Gills grey.

AGA'RICUS mdrus. Gills grey to blue black, mulberry
4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus conical, pale brown, apex chefnut.

Stem dark mulberry, cylindrical.—

Gills fixed, grey to blue black, numerous, 4 or 8 in a fet.

Pileus pale brown, conical, fcored, apex reddilh, poliftied, i inch
from the edge to the point of the cone.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, dark blackilh red or mulberry colour,
ftiff, juicy, 3 to 4 inches high, thick as a crow quill.

Nearly allied to Ag. fmi-putris, of which it may perhaps be only a
variety, and the differences occafioned by the wet fituation in which

this was found. , r , tt r c

In wet gravel where no grafs grows, by the fide of the Horle btew,

in Edgbafton Park, under a large oak tree. Oeft. 1791.

AGA'RICUS corma'tus. Gills grey, 4 or 8 in a crowned
fet. Pileus brownilh grey, bluntly conical. Stem
whitifh brown, cylindrical. —

Gills '

S74

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Gills fixed, grey, 4 or 8 in a fct, foinetimes not reaching the edge
of the pileus. ^

Pile us bluntly conical, flattilh at the top, whitifh brown or grey,
darker in the center, fkin round the fummit of the cone cracking
in a circle, and the cracked edge turning up forms a kind of
cap upon the pileus; i to inch over.

Stem hollow, whitifb brown, cylindrical, crooked towards the root,
fplitting, 3 to 4 inches high, thick as a raven quill. Ring white. ^

Edgbafton Grove, not common. April.

Var. 1. Gills grey, edged with white, 8 in a fet. Pileus femi-
globular, mealy, white. Stem mealy, white.

Gills fixed, grey edged with white, black when old.

Pileus entirely covered with a white meal, femi-globular, edge
cooping in, 2 inches over.

Stem with a fine hollow, fmooth, covered with a white powder, per-
fedlly cylindrical, 6 inches high, thicker than a raven’s quill ;
cottony at the bafe.

When the mealy powder is rubbed off the pileus or ftem, the
Ikin appears of a pale livid brown colour. Sometimes it is found
in a glutinous ftate, and then it refembles the following fpecies, but
the want of horizontality in the edge of the Gills diftinguilhes it.

Paftures, Edgbafton, but rare. July.

hemifpherical AG A' RICV S femi-globa'tus. (Eatsch.)-~Gi11s grey,
rnottled, 4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus greeniflr yellow, femi-
globular. Stem pale buff. —

Curt. 194. Batjeh. no. J. B. iii. 847, the uppermojl figure good.

\ ' — Schisfif. 203, probably deftgmd for it.

Gills fixed, when very young whitifh, but always grey at the edges,
foon becoming entirely grey, and mottled, changing to chocolate
with age; 4 in a fet in the fmaller, 8 in the larger plants; long
ones about 20 or 24, their edges forming an horizontal line
from the ftem to the edge of the pileus.

Pileus nearly femi-globular, yellow, or buff, to brownifh; very
glutinous, wrinkled with age, of an inch over.

Stem hollow, the perforation very fine and fometimes partly filled
With a white pith ; very pale buff, fmooth, clammy, 2 to 3 inches
high, thick as a crow quill.

Cifltoire tough, fugacious, leaving a ring near the top of the
ftem, which does not continue long.

Ray Syn. p. 7. n. 37.

Hudfon p. 619. n. 33, but not Schaeff. 2 to. Ray’s deferlption Is
very expreffivc. Major Velley.

The whole plant is fometimes not larger than a large pin./ Mr.
Curtis had named it glutinoufs, but that term had before been ap-
plied

AGARIC US. Hollow and Loofe.

375

plied to more than one fpecies, and the name given it by Batfch,
which I have therefore preferred, is very expreflive.

Paftures, grafs plats, not uncommon. July — Odl.

* Var. I. Stem livid.

Failures, in cow dung. Sept. 061. Mr. Hudson.

Var. 3. Gills brown grey, 4 in a fet, long ones 16 or 18. Pileus

pale buff, fmooth, vifeid, ferai-globular, but pointed in the '

center. Stem white, vifeid. ; ^ ^

Batfch. g. — Schaff. 2^6, (the figures agree Idler than the dejeriplion.)

Pileus about | an inch over.

Stem hollow, iillcy» nearly white, 3 inches high, thinner than a crow
quill-

Edgbaflon Plantations. 31ft 061. 1790.

VI. H O L L O W and LOOSE.

* Gills white.

AGA'RICUS collaria'tus. Gills white, uniform, fixed collared
to a collar furrounding the ftem. Pileus white, fkinny,
dimpled. Stem white above, black below. —

Bull. 64. — Bolt. 32. — Schceff. 239.

Gills loofe, from the item, but fixed to a band or collar furround-
ing the top of the item, but at fome diftance from it ; white,
yellowifh brown with age, uniform, from 17 to 20.

Pileus white, convex, dimpled, ribbed at the fides, thin, fkinny,

I -8th to 3-8ths of an inch over.

! Stem hollow, fcored, white above, dark moufe or almoft black
below, I to 3 inches long, not thicker than a pin.

It does not appear by Mr. Bolton’s figure or defeription whether
: the Gills are fixed to a collar, or to the ftem, but be that as it may,

1 ours is certainly the plant of M. Bulliard, quoted above, though he
I fays the ftem is folid, and calls it the Ag. androjaceus of LInnasus, but
1 that is a very different plant, and had he given a diffe6led drawing
he would not have found the ftem folid. The Gills arc carelefsly
‘done both by Schaeffer and Bolton, and in the latter the dimple in
1 the center of the pileus is not expreffed. The plant at firft is en-
1 tirely white, but it dries, remains a long time, and gradually changes'
i;its colour to a yellow brown, the ftem becoming quite black.

Ag. androjaceus of Schxffer ; Hudfon, Lightfoot, Rclhan, &c. but
not of Linnaeus, Scopoli, or Haller. See Ag. androfaccus.

Growing upon dry flicks in hedge bottoms ; not uncommon.

Auguft.

AG A-

37^

CRYPTOGAMIA. FungL

iall A G A'R I C U S pro'cerus. (Scop.)— ^ Gills white,
uniform, fixed to a collar. Pileus a broad cone, bofled,
white brown, fcaly. Stem fcaly. Ring loofe.—

Curt. iv. 39.— R dan. 'j']2.—Sch<eff, 23. 22.— Bull. jZ.Sln-b.
7. A. — -Cluf. 274. 18.

Gills loofe from the ftem but fixed to a collar furrounding its
top, white, uniform, numerous.

Pileus a broad blunt cone, more or lefsbofTed, whitilh, but covered
with brown tawny fcurfy fcales, from 3 to 7 inches over, flej/i
white, fpongy.

Stem hollow, a fine pith in the cavity, gently tapering upwards,-
whitilh brown, fcaly, 6 or 8 inches high, ^ inch diameter.

white within, brown on the outfide, fixed to the edge

of the pileus and to a loofe ring upon the ftem. Ring cartilagim
ous, loofe, permanent. Root^ a pear-fhaped bulb.

A Ihort intervening Gill is fometimes found in the larger fpeci-
mens. This plant when prcferved in pickle is very liable to run into
the vinous fei mentation. Its fize and large horizontal ring diftin-*
guilh it. The white Gills change with age to ftraw-colour and dark
brown. Mr. Stackhouse.

Ray fyn. p. 3. n. lO.— p. 4. n. t8.— p. 4. n. 17.

Ag. procerus. Hu os.

Hedge banks, and dry paftures, notucommon. Sept,

Var.i. Gills white, fixed to a collar, 2 or 4 in a fet. Irregular.
Pileus conical, bofled, fmooth, pale brown. Stem whitilh brown
fmooth above. . ’

Gills loofe from the ftem,^ but fixed to a collar fun-ounding its top,
white, numerous, very irregular, fometimes 2 long ones together,
fometimes a long and a Ihort one altefnately, moft frequently 4
in a fet, long Gills often fplit at the end next to tlie edge of the pileus,
Pileus convex, boflTed, rich pale tawny brown, edge turned in,

fmooth and foftlike glove-leather, wrinkled, the outer Ikin crack’
ing with age, 4 to 6 inches over.

Stem hollow, the cavity loofely filled with a fine filky pith, nearlv
cylindrical, crufted below, browner and flecked above, 6 or 7
inches high, i -3d of an inch diameter. Carton white. Ring look
on the ftem, permanent. /?oof a pear-fhaped bulb.

By the large clump of beeches, Edgbafton Park. .2 Kth Gift

Va».2. G.II, white, fixrf to a collar, in pairs, irregular. PiJeui
conical, bofled, tufted, pale brown. Stem fmooth, white.

Bolt. 23. •

Gills loofe from the ftem, but fixed to a collar furrounding its
top, lalmon coloured when young, white when full grown, very
numerous, moftly in pairs, but fometimes 3 or 4 in a fet.

• - ■ ^ Pileus

■377

AGARICUS. Hollow and Loofe.

Pile US globular when young, then conical, laftly flat, but bofled,
whitilh brown, covered with tufts of a darker (hade, 3 to 5 inches
over. FUlh white, thin.

Stem hollow, loofely filled with fine filky pith, cylindrica-1, white,

I'mooth, fometimes downy, 4 to 6 inches high, 3-8ths of an inch
diameter. Curtain white. Ring loofe, flrong, permanent. Root
a bulb, becoming flat with age like an onion, and then the lower
part of the idem becomes angular.

In the large plantation of beeches, Edgbafton Park. Sept.

VaR. 3. Gills white, fixed to a collar, 2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus con-
vex, rather bofled, brown upon a white ground. Stem white,
fmooth, tapering upwards. Ring loofe.

Schteff. 18. ig.

Gills loofe from the ftem but fixed to a collar furrounding its top;
white, 4 in a fet, fometimes in pairs ; edges finely ferrated with
white glandular or perhaps feminal fubftances.

PiLEUs convex, bofled, delicate tawny brown, the outer fkin tear-
ing as the plant enlarges, it fhews a dead white ground freckled
over with feurf or fcales of the firft brown colour, 2 to 3 inches
over. Flejk white.

Stem hollow, with a very fine, loofe, filky pith; white, tapering
upwards, fplitting, 3 inches high, 3-8ths diameter.

Curtain white, fringing the edge of the pileus when it tears.

Ring permanent, fixed to the ftem. I?&of hut little larger than
the ftem.

Ray fyn. p. 3. n. ii.

This is a very beautiful plant, approaching in much of its ftruc-
ture fo clofcly to the Ag. procerus that it muftbeconfideredonlyas a
variety of it, nor do I think the fmooth white ftem, or the more
tender and fixed Ring fufficient to eftablifh it as a fpecies; yet it
muft be confeffed that its habit and its fmaller fize imprefs one with
a different idea.

Edgbafton Park, under large Spanifh chefnut trees. 4th Sept.

AGA'RICUS facchara'tus. Gills white, moftly fugared
uniform, narrow. Pileus brown, flat. Stem white, cy-
lindrical.—

Gills loofe, not reaching the ftem, white, not numerous, uniform,
but fometimes i and very rarely 2 fhort Gills intervening.

Pileus pale brown,* flat, darker in the center, border fcored, femi-
tranfparent, furface fprinkled with remnants of a white
wrapper like candied fugar, moft frequent about the center, 2
inches over,

ypi. III. 2 B

Stem

378- C R Y P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

. f

Stem hollow, white, cylindrical, 3 inches long, thick as a large'
goofe quill.'

Edgbafton Park, on the bank oppofite the long flew.

extinguiJJier *AGA'RICUS extinElo'rius. (Linn.) — Gills white,
numerous, uniform. Pileus white, bluntly conical.
Stem white. —

Bolt. 24. — Bull. 437. I. 2. — Bailor. 27. H.

■ Ag. Pipltatus, pileo companiformi albido lacero, lamellis niveis,-
ftipite fub-bulbofo fubulato nudo. Linn.

Gills very white. Pileus convex, fomewhat conical but expanding,
dead white, furface fcaly and torn, apex fmooth. Stem dead white,
thickeft at the bafe, tapering, without a ring. Fl.fuec.

Gills uniform, thin, pure white, changing to pale brown.

Pileus fhaped like an extingui{hcr,but blunt at the top and uneven
at the edge, white, changing to pale brown ; furface fmooth at
firfl, with age ftreaked or fcaly, i or 15 inch from the edge to the"
apex.

Stem hollow, with a downy cotton within, fmooth, cylindrical, 3
to 5 inches high, 3- lOths diameter. Bolton. — Gi7/5 uniform,
fnow-white changing to blackifli brown. Pileus flapping down
. the ftem, yellowifh or dirty white. Stem long, hollow, fwelling
at the bafe. Mr. Stackhouse.

Amongfl; fand in moift and fhady fituations, but rare about Hali-
fax.— [I found it once at ‘W'^oolhope, Herefordlh.Mr.STACKHOusE.]

fender '^AGA'RICUS ten'uis. (Bolt.)— Gills white,
few, thin, 4 in a fet. Pileus conical to bell-fliaped, pel-
lucid, watery white, top brownifli moufe. Stem, white,
pellucid, tall, thin. — .. j

. Bull. 320. — Bolt. 37.

Gills loofe, very thin and delicate, pellucid.

Pileus conical changing to bell-lhaped, fmooth, ftriated when it
begins to decay, ^ inch to i inch over.

STEM.hollow, white, pellucid, Ycry tender and brittle, 6 incheji
high, thick as a fmall packthread. Bolton. — Gills few, thin,

_ - -tranfparent. Pileus moufe-coloured, thin, ftriated. Stem very
long, llender, brittle, woolly near the bafe. Mr. Stackhouse.

Bulliard obfcrvcs that the ftem is often 4 inches high be-
fore the pileus is larger than a pin’s head. * " *

Araongft mofs aiid grafs in fhady woods at the roots of large trees. I
bummer and Autumn. — [Woods near Woolliope, Herefordfhire. I
Mr.STACKHOUSE.J I

3' ‘AG A'. I

AGARICUS. Hollow and Loofe. 37'9

W ’

AGA'RICUS melea'grts. Gills white, numerous, chequered
4 in a fet. Pileus convex, boffed, pale brown, mottled
with red and green. Stem fmooth, pale brown. —

Gills loofe, white, very numerous, 4 in a let.

Pileus convex, bolTed, pale brown, mottled with dull greienilh and
a few reddifh Ipots, edge turned down ; 15 to 2 inches over.

Stem hollow, frnooth, wry pale brown, 2 to 3 inches long, thicket
than a fwan’s quill. Ring permanent, loofe on the ftetti. Root a
bulb.

^he want of a collar at the top of the ftem fe^arates this frotn the
Ag. procerus, and the prefence of a permanent ring diftinguilhes it
from the Ag. clypeolarius.

Edgbafton Park, not frequent. nth 0(51. 179°*

AGA'RICUS dypeola'rhs. (Bull.) — Gills white, 'mottled
tender, 4 in a fet, but irregular. PiieUs convex, fcurfy,
mottled. Stem cylindrical. —

Bull. 405. — Bolt. 7.

1‘Gills loofe, pure white, numerous, tender and delicate, 4 in a fet,
but not very regular; in the larger fpecimens tunning clofe up
to the ftem, though not united to it.

IPiLEUs convex, expanded, center rich red brown, white towards the
border but beautifully mottled with red fcurfy freckles, af inches
I over. Helh white, very tender.

Stem hollow, red buff below, palet upwards, tender, fplitting, cylin-
drical but rather tapering upwards, 3 inches high, f inch
diameter.

Pileus at firft fharply conical, fmooth, white, mottled, bofs datket,

IStem brown, fplitting into threads. Gills eafilyfeparating,flelhy, few.
iCtrtain white, delicate, fugacious, but leaving fotne rharksontheftem.

Bhd on the edge of the pileus. It has S difagreeable fttiell.

Woods near Bath. Powick, near WorCeftfer; paftutes, Woolhope,
tterefordlhire. Mr, StACKiiousfc.— In a pine groVe, Ditchingham,

INorfolk. Mr. Woodward ; who fent me a Very accurate defeription
of It before he knew that it had been found elfewhere. Edgbafton Park,
nmongft grafs, very rare. • Auguft.

Var. I. Stem quite white. Ring white, delicate.

Bull, 506. 2. L.

This is a very fmall variety, the pileus hatdly i of an inch over,

Ihe ftem i inch high, the fize of a crow quill.

Cherry orchard, Edgbafton, a Angle fpecimen. Sept.

•Var. 2. Gill^ white, crowded, 4 or 8 in a fet. Pileus convex,
dirty white, with reddifh blotches and center reddilh. Stem
dirty white, blotched.

Cnrf.

2 B 2

380

huff-headed

brown and
white

•CRYPT OG A MIA. Fungi.

Curt. 315. — Buxh. hall, row the loft, marked p. 1 22.

Gills loofe, very numerous, narrow, white, changing to a reddifll
brown.

PiLEUS convex, nearly flat with age,whitifli but blotched with ru fly
red and almoft wholly red in the center, fmooth, i to 3 inches
over. Flejh white, firm, twice as thick as the Gills are broad.
Stem hollow, clumfy, often fpotted with rufly red, faintly ftriated,
cylindrical, but tapering at the root, 3 inches high or more, g-Stlrs
diameter. Flejh whitifh, firm, in thicknefs equal to the diamctei
of the hollow. Curtis FI. Lond. v. 53.

Growing fingly or in clufters, in Lord Mansfield’s Pine Wood
Hampftead. [Pine Grove, Kirby. Mr. Woodward.] Sept. 22 d

AGA'RICUS ochra'ceus. (ScHiEFF.) — Gills white, ^
in a fet. Pileus buff, convex, femi-tranfparent. Stem
bufly white, —

Schceff. 255.

Gills loofe, white, 4 In a fet, but the fmaller feries irregular.
Pileus buff, convex, femi-tranfparent, flat with age and uneven a
the edge, i to 2^ inches over.

Stem hollow, buffy white, femi-tranfparent, cylindrical but crookec
where the root begins, i to 2 inches high, thick as a crow quill
Subftance tender, fo as not eafily to be gathered from amongft th(
grafs without breaking. In Schaeffer’s fig. referred to above, thi
Gills are too highly coloured, and do not agree with his defcription
Edgbafton Park. Sept. 1791

Var. I. Gills 8 in a fet. Pileus red brown, darker at the edge
' Stem white.

The Ifiand, Edgbafton pool. 2 ?d June, 1792

Var. 2. Gills yellowifh watery white, 8 in a fet. Pileus rich rei
brown, pale at the edge, cracking. Stem colour of the pileus. I
The ftem fo difpofed to fpllt that it is hardly poflible to gather i
entire. The Gills leave an impreflion at the top of the ftem, as i
they had been fixed to it before the expanfion of the pileus.

Under an oak by the fxdc of the great pool ; Edgbafton.

21 ft June, 170;

* AGA'RICUS /tt/co-a/'/iM/. Gills brownifh whitt
broad, regularly 4 in a fet. Pileus femi-globular, browi
• fmooth. Stem brown. —

Gills not reaching the ftem but forming a channel round it, whi
or brown white. I

PlLKl

AGARICUS. Hollow and Loofe. 3^1

Pile us dark brown chefnut, hemifpherical, turning up with age,
fmooth, fometimes rather boIFed, without flefh, i to i inch over,
quite black when old.

Stem hollow, lize of a ftraw, ^ inch high, dark brown, thicker at the
top where it joins the pileus. Delcription and drawing trom
Mr. Stackhouse.

In fhort grafs, on commons in Herefordlhire, not unfrequcnt, but

I do not find it noticed. Mr. Stackhouse.

* AGA'RICUS piluUfor'mis. (Bull.)— Gills white, pill
in pairs. Pileus brown, globular. Stem white. —

Bull, 1 12.

Gills loofe, white, narrow.

Pileus brown, quite globular when young, rather lefs fo when full
grown, from the fize of a large pin’s head, to that of a large .
pea.

Stem hollow, white, cylindrical, ^ to I inch high, thick as a fwal-

low’s quill. Bulliard,

At the foot of trees, and under flabs of wood ; feme fcarcely
larger than a large pin. Mr. Stackhouse.

AGA'RICUS turbina'tfjs. (Ray.) — Gills yellowifh
white, in pairs. Pileus yellow brown, cylindrical, fcored.
Stem white. —

Schaff. 66, (but larger than our fpecimens.J
Gills loofe, f femi-tranfparent, yellowilh white, in pairs.

Pileus nearly cylindrical, reaching half way down the ftem, blunt
at the top, fcored at the fides, uneven at the edge; yellow brown,
deeper and richer brown at the top, white at the edge ; when freih
gathered, beautifully frofted over with diftindl globular pellucid
particles.

Stem hollow, white, feurfy when young, fcored at full growth, about^

I inch high, thick as a goofe quill.

In clufters, of flow growth. On the flump
zontally.

of a tree fawn off hori-
Nov,

thronging

\

t But pieffed clofe to the ftem. and even adhering to it by their edges in a
young, ftate fo as not to be feparated without injury to the one or the other,, but
ftill they are neither decuirent nor fixed, the former implying an extenfion
of the bafe of the Gill down along the ftem, the latter an adhefion of the bafe
or fhoulder to the ftem. This adhefion of the edge of the Gill to the ftem
takes place only in fuch as have almoft a cylindrical pileus, and it feparates
as the plant arrives at maturity.

2 B 3

Var.

382

CRYPTOGAM I A. Fungi,

Var. I. Gills quite white, much fmaller than tlie' preceding anci
growing on the ground.

Gills loofe, but the edges making imprefTions on the ftem, white,
■ femi-tranfparent, yellowifh with age, in pairs.

PiLEUs cylindrical, or rather egg-fhaped, e-xtending half way down
the ftem, brown yellow, fcored, frofted, uneven at the edge,
2-8ths to 3-8ths of an ir>eh high.

STEMhollow, white, woolly,-^, to i inch high, thinner than acrow quill,
Ray Syn. p. 10. n. 53. Ag. fuliginofus. Huns. 620.

308, very much refembles it, except in having yellowifft
Gills and a folid ftem. Bull. 9^, not unlike it, but q times as large,
and the Gills 4 in a let.

Gills turning black with age. Pileus oblong, never turned up, nofc
deferibed fince the time of Ray.

Several hundred growing together, on ftiort grafs under trees.
Pear tree Walk, Woolhope, Herefordihire. Mr. Stackhouse.—
Not uncommon. Mr. Wo onw,— Jkmongft Ihort grafs, plentiful,
Edgbafton Park. 6th Aug.

* Var. 2. Gills whiter brown when old, 4 in a fet, Pileus rich
olive. Stem brown.

Bolt. 154.

Gills loofe, white, turning brown with age, tough, flexible, diftant,
4 in a fet.

Pileus conical, rich olive, darkeft at the top, edge fcored and turn-»
ing up when old, if inch to the apex.

Stem hollow, dufky reddifli brown, tough, 2 inches high, thick as a
raven quill. Bolt on.

On ftumps of fallen trees. Odi.

Var. 3* Gills brownifli w'hite, changing to reddifh brown; uni-
form. pileus fcored, light brown, yellowifh and fmooth at top.
Gills loofe, numerous, uniform, watery brownifh white, changing
to reddilh brown and then to dark chocolate.

Pileus light brown, deeply fcored, fmooth and yellow brown at the
top, cylindrical, edge- irregular, rather turned in, f inch high,
broad at the top.

Stem hollow, white, if inch high, thick as a raven’s quill,

Pafture land, Edgbafton, in clufters. July.

congregated _ A G A ' R I C U S- congrega'tus. (Bull .) — Gills rvhite,

^dg€s, 2 or 4 in a let. Pileus conical, brown
buft, lides furrowed. Stem white, fmooth.—

Bolt. the Jmall figures. — Bull. 94, too fmooth and too yellow for cur

_ Jpecimens.

Gills

A G A R I C U S. Hollow and Loofe. 383

Gills loofe, white, cd^cs grey, fpanglcd, 2 or 4 in afet; black with
age, and deliquefccnt.

•Pile us conical, brown butf, apex a darxer brown, fuvface ftrongly
ftreaked, or rather furrowed, edge very uneven, bending m to-
wards the Hem, i A to 2 inches over.

Stem hollow, white, feurfy when young, fplilting, 2 to 3 inches high,
i inch diameter.

M. Bulliard juftly obfen'es that the edge of the pileus hangs down

lower on one fide than on tlie other.

In clufters, on the milking bank, Edgbafton, in a hpUow where an
elm had been fallen. 31ft Od. The crops repeated in the fame
feafon. In a fimilar fituation in the Grove. 14th April. Poultry
yard.

- *Var. I. Gills white, black on the edges, wholly black when ■ * _

older, 4 in a fet. Pileus and ftem downy.

Bolt. I s6.—B7iU. 138.— MfcA. 73. 3.

Gills loofe, white on the fides,‘-but with a black powder at the
edaes, which foon extends over the w'hole furface.

PiLEu'^s grey, downy; but this covering tearing as it expands

remains in patches on the furface, which then appears elfewhere ,

white and ftriated ; conical, blunt, it inch high.

Stem hollow, covered like the pileus with a lead coloured down,
cylindrical, inches high, thick as a raven squill. Bolton.

Araongfi wet mofs on a peat bog near Ogden Kirk.

AGA'RICUS luteo-al'bus, (Bolt.)— Gills white, 4 bripejlemm’d
in* a fet. Pileus yellow, conical,- fcored., Stem pale
yellow. —

• BUIL260.— Bolt. {excluding his other Synonyms.)

Gills loofe, broad.

Pi L E u s i of an inch from the edge to the top of the cone. ^

Stem i inch high, thick as a brifile. Bolt. -GUIs very thin, broad
next to the Rem. Pileus bright yellow, thin, brittle, fpUtting,
glofly. Stem hollow, delicate. Mr. Stackhouse. Mr. Bolton
tells me that the ftem of his plant is folid, and ii. fo it muft be
feparated from the figure of Bulliard and the defeription of Mr.

Stackhoufe, and may pofiibly prove to be a variety of the Ag.

Common in woods near Halifax. [Short grafs at Powick near

Worcefter. Mr. Stackhouse.]

• * Gills brown, . .

r • ■ — 4 • - ^

- AGA'RICUS co'lus. Gills red chefnut. Pileus SjlaJ
a tall flender cone, white. Stem white.—

3^4

' C R 3 P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

Gills loofe; uniform? deep Spanifh fnuff colour, numerous,
tender. '

PiLEUs dead white, near an inch high, almoft cylindrical, not more
than i of an inch diameter, except at the edge which flanches
out a little ; rounded at the apex.

Stem with a fine hollow, white, cylindrical, 3 inches high, thick as a
crow quill.

This is a very beautiful and rare fpccies ; none of the figures at all
referable it. Its texture tender, foon oruQiing and becoming watery
when gathered, ^

A Tingle fpecimen on the grafs plats at Tettenhall, Staffbrdfliire,
June ; and another in a pafture field, Edgbafton. Auguft, 1 792!

darUmm * AGA'RTCUS atro-ru'fus. (Sgh^ff.)— Gills red-
difli brown, few, 4 in a fet. Pileus dark brown, convex

center conical. Stem brown, cylindrical, elaftic - *

Schwff. 234.— £ck. 51, I,

Gills loofe.

Pileus to -j- inch diameter.

Stem hollow, to 24 inches high; nearly as thick as a crow quill.
Bolton. ^

Dry barren pafiures, amongft Mofs, Spring.

cottonjlemm d AG A RICUS xylo'pes. Gills brown, numerous,

4 in a fet; claws white. Pileus buff, flattilh. Stem
long.—

Gills loofe, dead brown, numerous, tender, watery, thin, termhia-
tion next the ftem not in contadl with it, white.

Pileus full buff, nearly flat, central part wrinkled and fomewfiat
bofled, thin at the edge, turning watery* on the leaft bruife; r to
2 inches over. Flejli thin, woolly or fpongy, brown white.

Stem hollow, the cavity fine, with more or lels of a white pith;
brownifli white, rarely ftraight, cylindrical, but thicker and
fcored under the pileus, and again much thicker towards the

root, fize of a raven to that of a fmall gobfe quill, 4 to c inches
high.

Ring thin, ragged, brown white. Root a large irregular fhaped
mafs, covered with white cottony fubllance which extends alfo
about ^ an inch up the ftem.

Fir plantations at Bar. 28th June, 1 792.

Spani/h-nut * AGA'RTCUS (Bolt.)— Gills pale brown,

broad, thin, 4 in a fet. Pileus red brown, edge lobed
and turned inwards. Stem ivliite, —

Bolt.

385

AGARICUS. Hollow and Loofe.

Bolt. jo.—Bull. 535. I . — Schceff.

Gills loofe, gently waved at the edges.

PiLEUs fize and colour of a SpaniQi nut, dimpled at the top, dry,
pliable, fmooth, lilky, Ihining; the margin lobedand very much
rolled in, fo as to touch the ftem or even to pafs by it, the oppo-
fite lobes prefling againft, or crofling each other.

Stem hollow, dead white, thin, tender, fplitting, 4 inches high, thick
as a crow quill. Bolton.

Among young firs, abundantly. In dry and barren foils amongft
Heath and furze bulhes.

*AGA'RICUS corruga'tus. Gills pale brown, crumpled
4 in a fet. Pileus brown, convex, crumpled. Stem white,
crooked, tapering upwards. —

Gills loofe, (hallow, wide apart.

Pileus brown, clothy to the touch, (kinny, crumpled, and twifted,
inch over.

Stem hollow, white, crooked, taperingupwards, feveral united toge-
ther at the bottom. Defeription and drawing from Mr.
Stackhouse.

* AGA'RICUS cufp'ida'tut. (Bolt.)— Gills dufky pointed
brown, 4 in a fet. Pileus cinnamon colour, acutely
conical. Stem brownilh, cylindrical, fmooth.— •

Bolt. 66. 2.

Gills loofe, pale dalky brown, thin, pliable, 4 in a fet.

Pileus reddifh brown, acutely conical, filky, fmooth, even at the
edge, I inch to the apex.

Stem hollow, the perforation fine ; brownilh, cylindrical, fmooth,
hard, readily fplits, 4*^5 inches high. Bolton.

Where weeds or charcoal have been burnt.

* AGA'RICUS mutab'ilis. (Sch^ff.) — Gills taw- variable
ny, 4 in a fet. Pileus brown orange, convex, boffed.

Stem yed brown below, and feurfy, white above the ring.

Schaff. g.

Gills loofe, yellow brown, 4 in a fet.

Pileus brown orange, or dull yellow, but changeable; 1 to l|
inch over.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, red brown and fcaly below, the fcales
pointing upwards, whitifh above the ring.

Curtain thready. Ring permanent, imperfe<(l. Sch/effer. —

Gills not fo clofely fet as in the Ag. fafcicularis, and alfo different
in colour. Pileus, its varying form feems effedfed by the dole and

fafciculated

386

* CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

fafciculated grow'th, whkb in their tender ftate obtrude one upon
another, as in the fafcicularis. Major Velley.— Schaeffer’s tab. 9,
•and alfo His defcription good. Pileus very much varying in fhape
and often deformed. Mr.WooDWARo. — I had referred Mr. Hudfon’s
'inutabilis to the Ag.vehtipes not having feen any thing like Schaffer’s
pi. 9, and fuppofing, as there was no good figure of the velutipes
'extant when Mr. Hudfon publifhed his work, that he referred to
this of Schaeffer as the beft reprefentation he could find ; however on
his authority and that of Mr. Relhan, fupported by Mr. Woodward
and Major Velley, I determined to introduce this plant in its proper
place, but I muft obferve that Schaaffer’s t. 9, contains 2 diftindt
plants, one with a hollow and one with a folid ftem; one with a
■permanent ring and one without.

On decaying wood, common. Mr. Woodw.ard.

bordered- ^AGA'RICUS margina'tus. (Batsch.) — Gills
ochrey, few, 4 in a fet. Pileus ochrey, convex, membra-,
naceous at the edge. Stem rcddifh brown, fcored.^

Batfch. 207.

Gills loofe, rufty iron colour, 4 in a fet, large ones about 30.

Pileus ruft colour, leathery, fmooth, nearly femi-globular when
young, but the edge cooped in and the top flatted, die border
thin, and extending below the GillS;; i-j to 2 inches over. «
Stem hollow, 2. or inches high, thick as a duck’s quill, . pale red-
difh brown, fcored, rather fcurfy. Ring cottony, reddifh brown,
Batsch, .

Found by Mr. Relhan in Madingley Wood, and White Wood
near Gainlingay.

*** Gills red.

CTdTige AGA RICUS auran'ttus. Gills loofe, pinby.flefliy,

. 4' in a^fet. Pifeus and ftem pinky. — ,

• Va>r. 3. Ag, aurantius, fee page 368,

t ,

cylindrical A G A ' R I C U S cylMricus., Gills pinky, uniform,
Pileus white, cylindrical, fcaly. Stem cylindrical, white,

FI. danx 834.— Cart. ii. i6.~Schmid. ic. 1. 10.— 46. 47.

8. — Bolt. 44,

Gills loofe, diftant from the top of the ftem, numerous, white when
very young, when in perfedlion pinky ; changing to black and
diffolving, uniform.

Pr LEWS cylindrical, white, covered with fcurfy fcales, fplitting at
the edge, 4 inches high, i^ or 2 inches dfameter. Fleji none.

Stem

AGARICUS. Hollow and Loofe.

Stem hollow, pithy, white^ cylindrical, tender, 4 to 8 inches high;

inch diameter.

Curtain fmall, white, connecting the pileus to the ftem in
its younger fiate, and leaving a Rin^ on the ftem, loofcj
permanent.

This beautiful but fugacious plant has been extremely well fibred
by the authors cited above, but our beft Englifh botanifts have fallen
into an error in fuppofing it to be the Ag. fimetarius of Linnaeus,
as wiil be evident to thafe who will take the trouble to compare the
figure^ or the deferiptions. That has white Gills, changing- to black,
this fine pink or rofe red that is egg-fhaped, this cylindrical, tha^
grows on dunghills, this in open pafture land.

A young plant put into water and covered with a giafs bell, grew
three inches and a quarter in twelve hours. In decay it deliquefcca
in form of a dark-coloured fluid hanging in drops on the GUIs. Tl:e
outer white coat of the pileus is fometimes fo thin as to allow the
inner pinky colour to appear through it, efpecially towards the bot-
tom of the pileus. • -

Amongft rufhes, 1 7th Sept.— In an open paflaire field, 2d May.
Var. I . Gills fine red. Pileus white and downy, foon changing to
red. Ring permanent.

Boll. 142.

Gills loofe, uniform, carnation coloured.

Pileus at firft white, downy; this white down difpppears and the
furface becomes ftriated and of a livid carnation colour ; cylin->
drical when young, bluntly conical and turning up with age,
I \ inch from the edge to the apex.

Stem hollow, white, fplitting, tapering upwards, 3 inches high,
3-8ths diameter. Rm^ near the bottom of the ftem, white, per-
manent. Bolton. — It principally differs from the preceding
in the abrafion of the white downy outward coat of the pUeus,
which may be merely accidental, and then from the extrerne
tenuity of the inner membrane the red of the Gills becomes

On new dunghills, but rare.— In the garden field at Edgbafton.

24th July,

* Var. 2. Gills pinky, uniform, Pileus light brown, mottled,
conical,

Bolt. 26. — Battar. 26. D. E.F.

Gills loofe, diftant from the top of the ftem, pale pinky grey,
uniform, numerous, broad, diffblving.

Pileus conical, very uneven at the edge, light brown, fet with
fragments of a very pale grey brown cottony wrapper, which
inclofed the pileus only in its young ftate ; 1-4 inch from the edge

to the apex.

Stem

388

C R Y P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

Stem hollow, white, fhining, 3 or 4 inches high, thick as a goofe
quill, olten remaining after the decay of the pileus. Bolton.
—Common in dry vaults, poor cottages, and under carpets
on ground floors. Mr. Bolton’s Hgure and defeription very juft,
but he has delineated one of the dargeft of the fpecies. Mr!
Stackhouse. ^

In clufters on wet rotten wood in cellars and damp kitchens.

Mttered AGA'RICUS appendicula'tus. (Bull.) — ^ GUIs
brown red to chocolate, 4 in a fet. Pileus pale buff, co^
nical. Stem white. —

Sch(pff. \j.~Bull. 392. B.

Gills loofe, flcfh red, liver colour or chocolate with age, numer-
ous, 4 in a fet.

Pileus a broad blunt cone, pale buff, center darker; the whole
darker with age, femi-tranfparent, if inch over, cracking at
the edge and becoming ftriated as it expands.

Stem hollow, white, fplitting, cylindrical, fmooth, to 2 inches
long, thick as a raven’s quill.

Curtain white, delicate, fugacious, hanging in fragments at
the edge of the pileus, but foon vanifhing after It is gathered.

_ Growing in large patches, very much crowded together, fo that it
js rare to fee the pileus uniformly expanded. Diftlilves into a brown
watery fluid. Bulliard’s figure is a good reprefentation of our
plant but larger, and the Gilfe rather too much of a falmon colour,
bchasff. 237, to w'hich he refers, is, furely a different fpecies.

Cherry Orchard, Edgbafton, o^th Aug. 1791.

zveeping AGA'RICUS lacrymabun'dus. (Bull.)— Gills dull
red, broad, numerous, 2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus dirty
brown, conical, woolly. Stem hollow, dirty white.—

_ Pa/Z. 525.3.

ILLS loofe, dirty brownifti red, liver coloured with age, clofe fet,
broad, fpeckled with black when old, exfuding fpontaneoufly a
thin rnilky fluid, which when concreted forms the black fpecks.
Pileus dirty brown, bluntly conical, flat and bofled when old,
woolly, without flcfh except at the top, edge turned in, if inch
from the edge to the top.

Stem hollow, dirty white, or paler brown than the pileus, 2 to q
inches high, 2-8ths to g-Sth diameter ; fplitting.

Curtain white, cobweb-like, many of its threads extending
from the ftem to the edge of the pileus. Jfulce like thin milk ;
not acrid. Specimen, defeription, and drawing from Mr.
Stackhouse.

Common

AGARICUS. Hollow and Loofe, 3^9

Common In the woods in Herefordfhire, and fometirpes in thp
open pafturcs^

A G A'R I C US reticula' tus. Gills pale flelh-colour, net-work
moftly in pahs. Pileus convex, brown, with net-work
on the center. Stem watery white. —

Gills loofe, in contadl but not connedled with the fterh, pale whitifh
fiefh colour, moderately numerous, in pairs, with foraetimes
one of a third feries intervening.

Pileus brown, center darker, convex, nearly flat when full grown,
its central part covered with a kind of net-work riling confidera-
bly above the furface, ^ to of an inch over.

Stem hollow, watery white, fcored, i inch high, thinner than a
crow quill.

The net-work Is of a firm cartilaginous texture, rather a darker
brown than the reft of the pileus, and remaining perfect after the
other parts of the plant are decayed and dilfolved.

Edgbafton Pool Dam, very fcarce. 6th Aug. 17^1.

** ** Gills buff.

* i\GA'RICUS dryophyl'lus. (Bull.) — Gills pale fpreadii^
brown buff, broad, few, 4 in a fet. Pileus dead whitilh
colour, nearly flat. Stem white, gently tapering upwards.

Bolt. 6. — Bull. 434, (with Jeveral variations in the colour of tke^

Jlem and the pileus.)

Gills loofe, faint dufky flefh-colour, foft, pliable, tender.

Pileus convex, nearly fiat when fully expanded, tender, waterj’’,
thin, 4 or 5 inches diameter.

Stem hollow, Ihining, gradually tapering upwards, fometimes twlft-
ing, fplitting into fibres, furface irregular, 5 inches high, near
an inch diameter. Bolton. — Fikus when fully grown linking
in the center.

Ag. repandus. Bolt.

Shady woods. Aug. Sept.

R Var. I. Gills pale brown buff, numerous, irregular. Pileus dark
brown, flat, velvety. Stem pale brown, Ihort.

Bull. 434. D.

Gills loofe, pale brown or buff, numerous, irregular.

Pileus dark brown, flat, center depreffed, furface velvety to the
touch. ,

Stem hollow, pale-brown, Ihort. juice milky, mild. Specimen and
defeription from Mr. Stackhouse,

Coplar wood, near Hereford. Sept. 1791.

* ^ * Gills

♦ * * * «

Gills yellov^.

renting _ • AGA'RICUS jfaW Gills pale yello®, e or 4
m a fet. Meus pale yellow, conical, ^ry, ftin, Jearin^T
Stem compreffed, twifting.— ^ *

Bolt. 68.

Gills loofe, irregular, very broad towards the outer end, waved at

the edges, tender, primrofe colour.

PiLEus conical pale yellow, dry, fmooth, filky, ftining, tearing
as It expands in feveral places nearly to the center ; q to 4
inches over. ^ ^

Stem hollow, fplitting, often compreffcd, furrowed and twilled q
or 4 inches high, inch diameter. Boltom. ’

Mr. Bolton’s name flaceratmj has been before applied to a different
fpecies, vide Scopoli n. 1513.

Dry banks and barren paftures about Halifax, but rare. Bolt.

Jarry * AG A_'R I C U S eguej'tris. (Linn.)— Gills brimftone
yellow, 4 in a fet. Pileus pale yellow, convex. Stem
yellow, cylindrical

Bolt. 65. friot Schceff. jg.)

Ag. llipitatus, pileo pallido : difco luteo, lamellis fulphureis. FI.
luec. 1219. Gills pale fulphur colour, which readily diftinguifhes
It. Films convex, pale, center yellow and marked with a tawny
liar. Stem naked, fmooth. Linn. ^

Gills loofe, numerous, thin, pliable, pale yellow with a tinge of
green. . °

Pileus convex, conical when young, pale ycllowlfh buff, darker at
the apex, i to !•§ inch over. In decay, the edge of the pileus
, changes to a duflcy hue, which gradually radiates towards the
middle, forming the appearance of a yellow liar of 10 or 1 2 rays
in the center. ^

Stem hollow, readily fplitting, pale duflcy yellow, 4 inches high,
thick as a raven quill. Bolton.— Major Velley juflly obferves
that It cannot be the 35th of Ray, which is the aurantius. Gills
•yellowifh, unequal, diftant. Pileus pale yellow, fmooth, convei,
gelatinous, tranfparent, fhewing the infertion of the gills in a
llariy form round the apex, and the fpot formed by the infertion
ot the flem forms the center of the liar. Stem long, tender,
hollow. Mr. Stackhouse.

, Meadow, and failure,. Augull.

VAR. I, Broader and fhortet. Curtain evanefcent.

Bolt. 1 49, fiut none of kis fyndnyms.)

Gills

AGARICUS. Hollow and Loofe. '391,

Gills loofe, yellovv, white when young, dirty brown when old, 4 in.
a fet, thin, tender.

PiLEUs yellow, convex, often fomewhat raifed in the center, tearing
at the edge when old, near 3 inches over.

Stem hollow, yellow throughout, fmooth, fplitting, 2 inches high,*
thick as a goofe quill. Bolton.

On dunghills after rain. June, July. — Paftures near Bath. In
Herefordlhire and Worcefterlhire. Mr. Stackhouse.

AGA'RICUS vehti'pes. (Curt.) — Gills pale yellow, velvet-jlaik' d
8 in a fet. Pileus brown orange, nearly flat. Stem yel-
low above, velvety and dark brown below. —

Curt. iv. 40. — Bull. 344. — Vaill. 12. 8. g.

Gills loofe, in contadl with though adhering to the ftem, pale yep.
low, 8 in a fet.

Pileus gently convex, nearly flat with age, brown orange, glutinous,
irregular in Ihape, often curled at the edge, i to 3 inches over.

Flejh yellowifh.

Stem hollow, dark brown and velvety below, top yellowifh, thickeft,
downwards, fplitting, yellow within, 2 to 4 inches high, 2-8ths
to 3-8ths of an inch in diameter.

Ray Syn. p. 9. n. 51.

This has been confounded with Ag. fulcatus, well figured In Bolton
135, but though very much alike at firft fight, the ftru(fl;ure is fuffici-
ently different to prevent their being again miftaken.

Ag. mutabilis. Huns. 615. 22, and Relh. 936, feem to be this
plant, but on their authority, fiipported by that of Mr. Woodward,
the mutabilis of Schaeflfer is introduced in its proper place. ,

Varies very much in fize ; grows in clufters, many from 1 root,
generally attached to rotten wood. Odl. — April, not uncommon.

AGA'RICUS auran'tlus. Gills loofe, yellow, 2, 3, orange
or 4 in a fet. Pileus and Stem pinky. —

Var. 4. Ag. aurantius. See page 368.

****** Gills grey.

AGA'RICUS ova'lus. (Scop.)— Gills filvery grey, puckered
Uniform. Pileus grey brown, plaited. Stem white. —

Curt. loi. — Schcejf. 67. 68. — Vciill. xii. 10. 11.

Gills loofe, in contadl with but not fixed to the ftem ; filvery grey
changing to black, very nuirierous, and fo clofe fet that it is hardly
pradlicable to feparate them, uniform, deliquefeent.

Pileus brown white or filven/ grey, egg-fhaped to bell-fhaped, with
remarkable plaits Ur folds extending from the edge nearly to the
center, from 3 to 4 inches over. Stem

392

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Stem hollow, white, brown at the bafe, tender, cylindrical, 3 to 4
inches high, 2-8ths to g-Sths diameter, thickefi: downwards.

Mr. Curtis has difcovered that the fidcs of the Gills are connec'icd
to each other by very fine filaments, which accounts as he obferves
for the difficulty of feparating them. I fufpedl Mr. Lightfoot’s Ag.
phcatus to be a different plant, for he defcribes the Gills as termi-
nating ffiort of the ftem and leaving a vacant circle round the top
of it. ^

Ag. ftriatus. Huds. 617.

At the bottom of a gate port. QcI:.

Jhort-lived AGA'RICUS momenta'neus. — Gills ^rey,

uniform. Pileus grey, ftreaked, center brown oranae!
Stem white. — ' ^

FI dan. 832. 2.— Bull. 128.— Battar. 27. D.~Bolt. 39. C.-^Mich.
75. 6.

When mature, it is perferftly horizontal on its ftem. Mr.
Stackhouse.

Gills loofa, in contacft with, but not connecfted with the ftem, grey,
.very fine and {Tender, uniform, foraetimes fplit.

Pileus conical, foon becoming flat, grey, center brown orange,
extremely thin, nearly tranfparent, edge uneven, i to inch
over.

Stem hollow, beautifully white, cylindrical but rather tapering up-
wards, brittle, fplitting, a little feurfy, 2 to 3 inches high, thinner
than a crow quill.

The Gills and the Pileus appear as if com pofed of the fame fub-
ftance, but as it is found folitary, its duration very fhort, and its
^xture extremely tender, it is not eafy to examine it fully. The
ftreaks on the pileus are only apparent, and caufed by the upper edges
of the Gills being feen through the very thin membranaceous pileus.
Paftures after continued gentle rain. Oeft.— April.

Var. I. Gills grey, uniform. Pileus beautifully white as if pow^
dered. Stem white.

Gills loofe, uniform, grey, foon diflblving into a black liquor.
Pileus white as ^he fineft meal, thin as tiffue paper, very foon
fhrivelling, 1 4. inch from the edge to the apex.

Stem hollow, tapering upwards, pure white, 5 inches high, thick as
a raven’s quill. ^ ’

On dunghills. t .j.

grey, uniform. Pileus tawny brown, ftrongly
ftreaked. Stem white. ^ '

Bolt. s^.—Sek^j: 201.

Cl ILLS loofe, uniform, grey, changing to black.

Pi LEWS

393

AGARICUS. Hollow and Loofe.

PiLEUS egg-fhHped, edge turned in, fcolloped, reddifh brown, 2^
inches from the edge to the apex. ^

Stem hollow, white, 5 or 6 inches high, i inch diameter. Bolton.

Single or in clufters ; on the ground or on rotten wood.

A G A ' R I C U S cine' reus (Sch^ff.) — Gills grey, Jliort-Hved
uniform, not reaching the ftem. ^ Pileus grey, ftreaked,
center brown. Stem white, tapering upwards; —

Bolt. 20. — Schxff. 100 and 216.

Gills terminating at fome diftance from the ftem, tender, watery.

Pileus grey, plaited, conical, I2 to 2^ inches over.

Stem hollowj white, fmooth,fwelling below and tapering upwards
like the flowering ftem of an onion ; 6 to 8 inches high, i -8th to
3-8ths diameter. Bo LT 0 N.

A?, fimetarius. Huns. 617.

O' _

Rich meadows j or dunghills; June.

Var. I . Gills 4 in a fet. Pileus femi-tranfparent. Stem in appear-
ance horny.

BuU. 88.

Gills ending ftiort of the ftem, fo as to forrn a channel round it,
grey, broad, numerous.

Pileus femi-tranfparent, fmooth, but fometimes deeply furrowed,
brown, flapping or hanging down at firft, then turning up, tear-
ing at the edge and then from its elaftic nature the fegments •
turning up.

Stem hollow, horny. This is well defcribed by Bulliard, and
though of fuch apparent firmnefs it diflblves into an inky fluid,
the ftem often furviving the deftrudlion of the pileus. Mr.
Stackhouse.

Meadows and road fides, Powick near Worcefter. Mr. Stack-

HOUSE.

Var. 2. Gills grey, in pairs, extremely narrow, not reaching the
Pilc;us grey, conical, plaited, buff in the center, patched
with white pieces of the wrapper. Stem white, tapering up-
wards.

Gills loofe, terminating at fome diftance from the ftem, dark grey,
very narrow, 2 or 4 in a fet.

Pileus grey, with white blotches, the remains of the wrapper,
conical, li inch high, center light brown, or buff.

Stem hollow, white, covered with a beautifully white foft down,
very tender, fplitting, tapering upward, thick at the root, 7 inches
high, thick as a duck’s quill.

2 C

Vol. III.

*AGA'-

m

CRYPTOGAM I A. Fungi.

bell * AG A'RICUS campanula' tus, (Linn.)— Gills pale
grey, uniform. Pileus moufe grey, conical, blunt. Stem
grey, fmooth. —

Vailixu. I. 2— (Mich 75. q, refetreillnm n.Siiec. isxc’holly idile.
This reference is rejecled in Sp. Fll hut our Englijh hotamjh Jiippof-
ing the fig. g the ojify error, guole Mich. 75. 6, hut this is Ag.
moment oneus, a much fmaller plant, has a pileus fiat ivhen expanded,
very thin, [cored on each fuh, and a white woolly' jlem. — Schxff. 3 1 ,
ins^ a bright yellow fiern, and Gills 4 in a fet.J—Sclueff. 211, is, 1
/believe, to he reckoned a campatmlatus, varying chiefiv in the Gills
being C'.rawTi in pairs, hut whoever has attended to the inaccuracy with
which the Gills are drawn in thefe plates, zvill hardly think that an
ohjecHon.

_ ftipitatus, pileo companulato ftriato pellucido, lamellis adfcen-
dentibus, ftipitcnudo. Sp. PI.

^ Gills afcending, grey or black. (Gills white. FI, lapp. 507. FL
Snec. ed.i. 1054,)— grey, vifeid, merftbranaceus, conical bell-
Ibaped. Sfm naked, fmooth, very long. Linn. — Gi?/^ uniform,
white or very pale grey. Pileus moufe grey, conical, blunt, f inch
high. Stem hollow, grey, polifhed, 2 inches^ high, thick as a fwallow's
quill. Vaill. Par. p. 71.

.Meadows, pafturcs, and woods. Sept. Ocl.

* Var. I. Gills whitilh, grey turning black, uniform. Pileus yel-
low brown, bell-fliaped, blunt. Stem greyifh,

Schzeff. G.—Cluf. ii. 293, bottom at the left hand, repr. in Dod. '482,
I, and Toh. x. ii. 272, and Ger. em. 1580. 2 ; cop. in Park. 1321,
I g.—V Old. 12.5,6, another variety, ivith Gills in pairs. — {Battar.

. 27. E. Mr. Woodward.)

Gills loofe, uniform, pale grey and then black with dull.

Pileus at firft hemifpherical, the edge teai'ing with age, inch from
the edge to the top.

S tem hollow, greyilh, roughifh, r to if inch High, thick as ^ra\^is
quill. ScHiEFK. Huds. — Very common on decaying ftumps.
Pdeus fhaped exactly like a woman’s thimble, with a fmall dim-
ple at the top; yellow brown, ftreaked with black. Gills (octy
grey, that is, powdered with black. Mr. Woodward.

Ag. aquofus. Huds. 6ig.

On wet rotten wood.

half-egg AGA'RICUS femi-ova'tus. Gills brown grey to
black, 2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus light brown, fmooth, half-
egg-lliaped. Stem cylindrical, white.—

Bolt. 53. Bull. 164, varies a little from it, in having no appearance Oj
a ring, and the pileus being fcorat

Gills,

395

AGARICtJS. Hollow and Loofe.

Gills loofe, in contadl with but not united to the flcm, moderately
numerous, 4 in a fet, brown grey changing to black and delj-
quefeing.

Pile us light brown, or like ivory, polifhed, fmoothj wrinkled when
old like wafh le3ther> bluntly conical, or rather the ihape of the
broader end of an egg, li inch from the edge to the apex, and as
much acrofs at the bale. Flejh thin> white.

Stem hollow, white> fmooth-, cylindrical) pithy within > bulbous at
the bafe, 5 inches high, thick as a gopfe quill. Hollow fome-
times very fine, and without pith.

Ctsrtdn evqnefcent. Ring feldom perfecl.

Cow pafiures and dunghills-. June- — Sept.

Var. I. Gills, grey, mottled, 2 or 4 in a fet. Pileus pale brown^
linootb, Ihape of half an egg. Stem brownifhj cylindrical.

Bull 58.'

Gills loofe, grey^ mottled, turning black, broad, .moftly in pairs,
numerous, deliquefeent, Iborter Gills narrow in proportion to
the long ones, and often not extending to the edge of the pileus.

Pileus brownilh white, fmooth, fattiny, exactly thefhape and about
the fize of the broader half of a hen's egg cut acrofs its longer
axis.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, brownifh white, 2 to 3 inches high, thick as
a crow quill.

Edgbafton Park. 7th Nov. 1 790.

AGA'RICUS plkal’ilfs. (Curtis.) — Giil^ plaited

pairs. Pileus afh coloured, center brown yellowl Steih
uvhite. —

BidL 542. f. I. — Carf. 200. — Batfck 2. — Battar 27. 5. ,C,T^/hof
FI. dan. 832. 2.J

Gills loofe, not reaching to the Item, grey or purplifh grey, charig-
ing to black, femi-tranfparent, deliquefeing, not nunierous, in
pairs.

®ileus grey with a tinge of yellow, center brown yellow, conical^ flat
when expanded, edge at firft turned down, with age turning up,
fides femi-tranfparent, plaited, center with a fmall bofs funk in
a hollow, -I to I inch over, center underneath white, flelhy.

Item hollow, white, fmooth, cylindrical, feeble, 2 to3 inches high,
thick as a crow quill.

Cvrtain very evanefeent, its remains fometimes fringing the
edge of the pileus.

Fay p. 8, n. 42.

2 C 2

This

39®

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

This has been confounded with the Ag. mmentaneus, but the Gills
being in pairs and their approach to the ftem limited by a flefhy
circle in the center of the pileus on the under fide, are at all times
fufficient to point out the difference.

Grafs plats and new mown fields. April — Ocl.

furrowed AGA'RICUS exara'tus. Gills grey changing to
black, in pairs. Pileus plaited and ftriped. —

Bolt. 31 . — Bull. 80. — Sch(sff. 32, very nearly the plant.

, Gills loofe, in pairs, grey changing to black.

Pileus conical, afterwards expanding, fmooth at firft, when expanded
fcorcd and plaited, alternately brown and lead-coloured; i-|
inch over. It diflblves the fecond day into a brown liquor.
Stem hollow, whitifh grey, 5 or 6 inches high, thick as a fwal-
low’s quill. Curtain evanefcent, its remains only appearing
on the ftem whilft very young. Bolton. — 'Pileus, plaits regular.
Gills alternate. Mr. Stackhouse.

Ag. campanulatus. ^ Huds. Ray fyn. 8. 41.
Meadows, plentiful.

Sept. 0(ft.

belted *AGA'RICUS ctnc'tulus. (Bolt.) — Gills dark blackifli
grey, 4 in a let. Pileus brown bay with darker belts,
conical. Stem dirty brown. —

Bolt. 162, (not Schceff. ^8.J
Gills loofe, dulky black, broad in the middle, tender, brittle.
Pileus a broad blunt cone, red-deer colour, with a broad dark bro\vn
belt, which colour penetrates the whole fubftance ; 2 to 3 inches
over. Stem hollow, dull dirty brown, cylindrical, 3 inches high,
nearly as thick as a goofe quill. Bolton.

On dunghills after rain. June, July,

Addition to Solid and Loofe.

(To follow Ag. palmatus, p. 341 .)

domejlic ^ ^ A'RICUS canalicula'tus. Gills nearly uniform,
blackifli brown. Pileus cylindrical, channelled, moufe
coloured, reddifli at top. Stem white. —

Gills loofe, dirty blackilh brown, not all of a length, but without I
any fhort ones.

Pileus moufe colour, fmooth, reddifh at the top, cylindrical, j
blunt, channelled, 3-8ths of an inch high, not quite fo much in
diameter..

Stem

A GAR I Cl. Stems lateral. 397

Stem folid, white, tender and pulpy, 4 of an inch high, thick as a
fwallow’s quill.

Drawing and defeription from Mr. Stackhoufe, who attended the
progrefs of the growth in two of thefe plants, which fprang up in a
pot containing an orange tree, in the window of a parlour in Bath,

June, 1792.

I have liiice met with the fame plant, growing in the foil in an
unfinifhed houfe in Birmingham. The parlour floor had been loofely
layed with oak the preceding year, and on taking up the boards this
plant made its appearance,

B. Stems lateral,

* Gills white,

AGA'RICUS lahyrinthifor'mls. Gills white, vari- labyrinth
oufly anaftomoling. Pileus white, femi-circular, downy.

Stem lateral, brown white, knotty, —

Schaff. 43 and 44, refmble the plant, bid the plate has more colour,
and the Jlem is lefs knotty.

Gills decurrent, white, varioufly anaftomofing, and though gene-
rally parallel fometimes affuming the form of circular or angular
cavities like the pores of a Boletus.

Pileus white, femi-circular, irregularly fcolloped at the edge,
covered with a fliort woolly down ; 2 to 4 inches over. Flejh
white.

Stem folid, 4 or 5 inches long, thicknefs of a little finger, tough,
very knotty, dirty brownifh white.

Plantations Edgbaffon, on the ground amongft mofs,

13th Sept. 1791,

AGA'RICUS fes'filis. (Bulliard.) — Gills white' to fejjile
yellow brown, the long ones forked. Pileus milky white,
fidt, thin. —

Bull. 152.— Jacq.Ji. 288.— Bolt. 72. 2.—Fet.gaz. 95. 8.

Wholly white, tender, brittle and pellucid; in figure nearly femi-
circular, fometimes with three lobes. Dickson.

Gills fixed, moftly uniform, fplitting, white, changing to brownifh
yellow.

Pileus white as milk, flat, thin, half an inch over.

. Stem, or more prope i\ perhaps. Root, ablackifh knobby fubftance.

2 C 3 Without

395 C R Y P T O G A M I A. Fun?i.

o

Witliout a ftem, growing by its fide on rotten fticks, in hedges,
Buci^inghamfliire. Mr. Kn app.— From whom I firft received fpcci-
mens in the yetir 1787.— At firft wholly white; in time the Gills
turn yelloM'ifh, and iri a dry feafbn the whole plant dries and turns
black before it decays. Mr. Woodw.ard.— Gi7/5 fet extremely fine,
i.nequal in length, pale brown, narrow. Fikiis fnow white, powdery,
convex when young, fiat and the edge defledled with age; thin,
tough. The whole fprings from a kind of pedicle, and never
exceeds the fize of a fixpehce. Mr, Stackhouse.

_ Ag. niveus. Jacquin, and Dickson ; but that name had been
given before to a well eftablilhed fpecies,

R Av fyn. 22. n.

On rotten fticks, &c, under hedges, frequent.

oypr

qpi

AGA'RICUS oflrea'tus, (Jacq.) — Gills white, irre-,
gular, Iqng ones often branched at the bafe. Pileus
brown, fmooth, thin, and wrinkled at the edge.-^

Curt. 216.— ^Jacg. Jl. 104.

Gills fixed, whitifh, of various lengths, the long ones often forked
towards the bafe and anaftomofing.

Pileus brown, fmootl], rather fhiriing, thjn and wrinkled at die
edge, from i to 6 inches broad, from 2 to 10 inches long or more,
Flejh white, tough.

Stem or rather root, folid, tough; penetrating deep into the crack

of a beech tree, on which it grew.

Very much refembling the ftiape of an oyfter, but hollowed under,
neath. It has a faint fickly fmell.

Mr. Woodward fufpecls that this in a more advanced age may be
the Ag. conchatus.

Near Ditchingham, Norfolk, on decayed afh. Mr. Woobward.

In clnfters of5 or 6 or more on willow, or elm. Mr. Stack ho use,

In a cleft In the bark of a large beech, near the root ; Edgbafton

Park. n.. T

Dec. — ^Jan,

Var. I. Proliferous,

Gills pure white, unequal. Ftleus dark olive colour, leathery, thin ;
edge turned down. It rifes from a fort of pedicle, from whence r,

3 or more mifiiapcn lobes proceed. From thefe lobes other little

-> 6

lobes come forth. Defeription and drawing from Mr. Stackhouse,
Powick near U'orcefter,

1 (ScHiEFF.) — Gills whitifl:,

branched. Pileus red brown and grey, femi-circular,
convex, Icaly, flelby, turned in qt the ?dge. Stem lateral,
whitiih.-rr ^ • *

ScUf,

A G A R I C I. Stems lateral.

Sch(i^, 232.

Gills fixed, only branched hear the edge of the pilcus.

PiLEUS greyifli with reddifh brown fcales, inch by 2^.

Stem folid, inverrely conical, fixed to the lidc of the piieus, lull
inch long, and about as much in diameter.

This differs from the Ag. oRreatus in being folitary, the pilcus
fcaly, the Gills not decurrent, branched towards the margin only,
iind not anaftomefing at the bafe. It differs from the Ag. betulinus
In being flelffy, convex, the margins infledled, and having a Ihort
fiem. Mr. WooDv/AUD.

On an oid afh at Ditcbingham. Mr. WooDW-van.

** Gills brown.

AGA'RICUS concha'tus. {BuLLiARD.)—Gills rich
brown, extremely numerous and irregular. Ihleus brown,
ftining, glutinous, the edge greatly turned in —

BidL 298.

Gills decurrent, rich brown, very numerous, of every varying
length from 7 inches to lefs than | inch.

PiLEUS brown, rather Alining and glutinous, convex, or concave,
edge rolled inwards and downwards, 7 inches from the root to
the outer edge, and nearly as much in breadth, but its various
contraAions make its Aiape very irregular. lUJh thick, brown
white.

Stem folid, Aiort, thick, brown.

Edgbafton, on large trees. ^79'^'

* AGx\'RICUS pla'nus. (Bolt.) — Gills moufe >1
brown, thin, pliable, 4 in a let. Piieus moufe brown, flat,
with narrow llripes near the edge. —

Bdt. 72.3.

Gills fixed, 4 in a fet, fpear-fhaped, foft and tender.

PiLEUs fmooth, fcmi-circular, browniAi moufe colour, marked near
the edge with 3 or 4 narrow concentric lines of a darker colour;
waved at the edge, near i inch broad and fomething more in
width.

Stem folid, very Aiort, more properly perhaps to be confidered as a
root. Bolton.

Bulliard 140, feems a variety of this,

Grows upright on the ground. OA.

*AGA'RICUS flahelUfor'mis. Gills yellowilh brown , fan
numerous. Piieus fmooth, mealy, whitillr. Stem llioit,
variably eccentric. — Schaff.

400

gelatinous

fs

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

ScJuEff. 208.

Gills decurrent, moftly uniform, light yellowifh brovra.

Pile us fmooth, tough, leathery, mealy, whitifh, with deep rul^
coloured tints near the ftcm, fet upon the ftem like a leaf on its
ftalk, but fometimes more central, and turned up like a funnel;
I to 1 5 inch over, the edge’cut into irregular fegments. -
Stem folid, dark brown, f to inch high, thick as a crow quill.
Drawing and defcription from Mr. Stackhouse,

Stumps of oaks, Aldenham, Salop. Hazle ftumps, Powick, Wor-
cefter ; frequently growing in clufters.

Var. t. Pileus about J of a circle, i inch dianieter, entire at the

Bolt. 71. 2. — Vaill. 10. 7. — Buxb. v. 10. r. 2.

Grows Angle or tiled ; of a dry leathery fubftance, a fmooth fur-
face, and either a white or pale yellowifli colour.

Ag. femipetiolatus. Lightfoot, Ag. lateralis. Hudson.

On decayed branches of trees. Auguft— Dec.

* AGA'RICUS mol'lis. (Dickson.)— Gills ocher
coloured, d in a fet. Pileus whitifh, convex, variouflv
lliaped, almolt gelatinous. — • ^

^chaff. 2i^.—Batfck. 38.

An inch or two in length, and half as much in breadth. Stem
none. The whole of this Agaric is yery foft and tender, fo much
fo as fcarcely to bear handling. Pz'fow pale brown or dirty white
fimple or vanoufly lobed, waved or wrinkled. Gills pale yellow!
Mr Woodward.— &OT, or more' properly perhaps Root, a fmalj
qark coloured fubftance.

In the pine grove at Kirby, on Mofs,

. -^OA'RIQUS fcoi'des . Gills watery brown, 4 or 8
m a fet. Pileus light yeRow brown, furface cracked,
Stem ihort, light brown, clothy. —

Batfch. 1 22.— Bolt. 72./. I .-Bull. 557. i, very Be it.

Gills fixed to the ftem, watery brown, 4 to 8 in a fet, connecfted by
numerous crofs threads.

Pileus light yellowifh brown, fhewing in the cracks a darker around
like thcfurface of a dried fig. from ^ to i inch diameter, concave
^n nhe center, edge turned down ; fometimes rolled in. Fklh
whitifh brown.

Stem lateral, fhort, hardly i inch long and half that in diameter •

thickeft upwards, light brown, clothy, folid. Flrjk dark reddifl’
brown.

On

401

A G A R I C I. Steins none.

On an alder ftump in confiderable quantities adjoining to the
weft end of the large pool in Edgbafton Park. Jan,

* * * Gills buff,

AGA'RICUS renifor'mis. Gills pale buff, 4 in a kidney Jkaped
fet. Pileus bright brown, kidney-lhaped, curled and
\vaved at the edge. —

Bolt. 157.

Gills decurrent, tough, flexible, moderately broad, pale buff,
darker when old, and fometimes fcolloped at the edges.

Pileus bright brown or red deer colour, darker towards the ftem,
tough, flelhlefs, fmooth like vellum, i^ inch by 2^.

Stem i of an inch in length, and as much in breadth. Bolton.

Not SchaefF. 43, 44 ; nor Mich. 65. l <

Grows on the fide of old trees.

AGA'RICUS Ja'tidus. Gills yellowHh, moftly in fmking
pairs, broad, wide apart, Pileus dirty buff, convex, edge
turned in. —

Gills fixed, brown yellow, gelatinous, moftly in pairs.

Pileus convex, dirty brown buff colour, edge much rolled in, fur-
face greatly wrinkled when old, clammy, ig to 2^ inches over.

Stem hard, thick, blackifh, not ^nch long; it is perhaps rather a ^

root than a ftem.

This has not been defcribed. Its form is rather elegant, fwelling
out from the root-like ftem, into an oblong circular form, and railed
like a culhion. The infide is gelatinous and has an unpleafant
fmell. Several plants, viz. from 1 to 7, grow froni one root, tiled
one over another. Specimen, drawing, and defcription from Mr,
Stackhouse.

On the bark of Willow trees, Powick, near Worcefter.

C. Stems none.

AGA'RICUS applica'tus. Gills grey, 2 to 4 in dark-grey
a fet, limber, diverging from the center of the plant.

Pileus dark brown grey, rather convex.—

J Ag. acaulis inverfus orbicularis cinereo-nigricans, lamellis in
'centro contingentibus,, albido csemlefcentibus. Dickson.

BcUjch t. 24. /. 125.

Plant fitting, fixed by the top of the pileus, circular orwblong, i
inch diameter.

On

402

C R Y P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

On rotten wood. [Earfham, Norfolk. Mr. WooDWARD.-^Willow
trees, rowick, near Worcefter. Air. Stackhouse.]

hrch AGK'RICVS bet'ulims. (Linn.) — Gills reddifh
yellow, to reddifli brown, numerous, thin, very much
brariched. Pileus pale brown buff, cottony, irre^uiariv
lemi-circular. — . ^ ^

Ag. acaulis, coriaceus villofus, margine obtufo, lamellis anafto-
mofantibus. Fl.ficec.

Bull. 346, the four lowermoft figures.— Bull. QQA.—Bolt 7- r
. ^ 776. 537,

jpecimetis of this and alfo of the Ag. ipiercimis.

Gills in the younger plants 4 in a fet, light brown, fometimes
■ branched.

Pileus thin, when young fixed to the wood on which it grows the
Gills being uppermoft; it then feparates from the wood ’and
turns up, as is more particularly explained in fpeaking of the
Ag. quercinus. This, now upper part, is brown, or greenifh,
and woolly, confiftmg of concentric circles formed in ridges It
IS apt to contain blades of grafs, or bits of fticks. perforating its
ubltance, which only could have happened in its foft ftatc

Stem none. Rather leathery than flelhy; belts variable, forae
more woolly.

Gills firm, feldom inofeulating. Linn. PiVsks always
, villole, and marked with concentric circles. Gills irregu-

lar, varioufly branched, but not forming lacuna as in Ihe
Ag. queranus. Bulliard-394 belongs to this fpecies, and proba-
bly Schaeff. 57. It has been confounded with the Ag. quercinus
by fuppofing it to be that fpecies in its young Rate. Mr. Wood- ’
WARD.— elliptical, tiled, from i to 2 inches over, chefnut
brown, in fhades, with concentric wavv circles, very velvety to
the touch, of a woody fubftance. Gills fhallow, whitifh, thickilh
rigid, ^ riot emitting feeds when lying upon paper. In its younc^
Rate It IS gelatinous like a Boletus. Mr. Stackhouse. — This
fpecies has been involved in much confofion, chiefiy arifing
from Its different appearance at different ages. Air. Stackhoufe
lent me a young plant in its gelatinous Rate, which accorded
as he obferved with FJ. dan. 776. i ; the pileus being white and
the Gills a rich- deep faffron colour. Bulliard 346, the lower
gures, feems the fame plant when ithasjuR attained its firm
textum ; the colour of the Gills darker and more of a purple
caR. The other figures reprefent the plant in its older Rates, and
different fixes, the colour of the Gills being then a
jcddilh brown, and the pileus fomewhat paler but with wavy

2 circular

AGARIC I. Stems none.

circular flreaks of a darker hue. The figures in Bulliard 304 are
very exacfi; reprefentations of the fpecimens now before me. It
fometimes grows to the fize of one’s hand, enlarging by prolife,
rous offsets from the edges, each offset having its own proper
central point to which its Gills are dIreAed ; but in this cafe the
Gills in the center of the aggregate plant become extremely
convoluted and irregularly branched.

Trunks and ftumps of trees, not uncommon.

Var. I. Pileus green.

Bolt. 158.

Probably only old fpecimens of the preceding, the green colour
pccafioned by fome other yet undetermined parafitical vegetable.

On old pales. ' January.

AGA'RICUS al'neus. (Linn.) — Gills brown huff, alder
in pairs. Pileus gently convex, femi-circular, velvety,
brown grey. —

Ag. acaulis, lamellis bifidis, pulverulentis. Lisn.

Sclueff. 246. — Bull. 346, the two upper figures to the right hand,
—Weig. obj. 2. 6. — Battar. 38. C. D.—Buxb. v. 7. i.

Plant fitting, fixed by the edge of the pileus, woody, varying in
the (hades of its colours. Gills ftrong, but the furface downy. Pileus
velvety to the touch, from f to 2 inches over.

On decaying trunks of trees, particularly on the alder. [At
Aldenham, Salop. Mr. Stackhouse.] Winter and Spring,

AGA'RICUS querci'nus. (Linn.) — Gills brown, oak
waved, irregularly anaftomofmg. Pileus brown, marked
with concentric circles of various hues, femi-circular, flat-
tidi, foft and clothy. —

Ag. acaulis, lamellis labyrinthiformibus. Linn. '

Bull. ^52. — Bolt.j^. — Sch<eff. 57. — Baitar. 38. A. B. — Vaill. t. i.

/. I. 2, in its young ftate. — Buxb. v. 4. i.

Gills very much branched, and anaftomoling, thick, forming
oblong, angular, and nearly circular cavities, efpecially towards
the edge.

Pileus woody, nearly femi-circular, or of no regular (hape, mark,
cd with circular tiled ridges as well as with different (hades of
colour, foft to the touch like buff leather or fine cork, i to 5 in*
ches over, or naore,

Stem none,

Mr,

403

404

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi,

Mr. Bolton, who has accurately attended to the ceconomy of this
plant, obferves that in iis firft ftage of growth the Gills are upper,
moft, they are then diftindl, and branched, their fides united by
minute lateral projedlions. In its fecond ftage the pileus is in part
detached from the fubftance on which it grew, the detached part rifes
up to an horizontal pofition, increafing in fizc, whilft the other part re-
mains fixed ferving as a fupport to it. As it grows older, the lateral
projeAions of the Gills increafe in fize, and filling up the interftices
between the Gills give them the appearance of oblong pores. Mr.

ulliard in plate ^^2 has given us feveral varieties of this very lin-
gular plant, and Schaeffer 23 1 is one of monftrous or unufual growth
—Mr. Woodward obferves that the union of the Gills forminff
lacunae, leaves it doubtful whether it ftiould be placed with the
Agarics or the Boleti. - Mr. Stackhoufe fays that the pileus may be
laid to confift only of frudlification, as it cannot be feparated from
the old wood without taking with it the part it adheres to ; he alfo
agrees with Mr. Bulliard that it fometimes appears fo much like a
Boletus as to occafion a doubt to which genus it fhould be referred
He further remarks, that in fome of the thick, and to appearance
lolid fpecimens, the pileus is not thicker than a fhilling, that the
Gill is a thick leathery fubftance, little refembling the Gill of an

Agaric, and that it is the link which connedls the Agarics with the
Boleti.

Ray fyn. 25. n. 21.

Common on old pales, ftumps, and decayed trees.

Var. I. Pileus green, foft, clothy.

Bok. 73. d.

Gills brown, waved, often connedled, in no regular order.

Pileus marked with concentric circles of various hues, from green

to brown; i to 7 inches over. FleJJ, woody, thin, white.

Poffible that the green coat may be a fpecies of Byffus, but

this idea did not occur whilft the plant was frefh.

On old timber. T.T

JNov. 1790,

FISTU-

F I S T U L I N A.

40.5

FISTULI'NA. (Bulliard.)

Ess. Char. Pileus with feparate Tubes underneath.
Seeds in the Tubes.

IISTIJ A hepat'ica. Tubes very flender, un-

equal. Pileus thick, foft, flelh coloured.—

Bull. 464, 497, and 74. — Mich. 60. — Schreff. ii9. 118. 117. 116.

120. — BoU. 79.

Tubes white, to yellow red, unequal in length, very flender; diftinft
from each other, not fixed fide to fide or buried in the lubftancc
of the flelh.

Pileus femi-circular, flelh red, pulpy.

Stem thick, red, lateral, fometimes wanting, Bulliard ; whofe ad-
mirable drawings Ihould be confulted In order to gain a good idea of
the ftrudlure of this very Angular plant. When grown to a good fize it
looks exactly like a piece of beeve’s liver. In the different figures cited
above the under furface appears of very different colours, whicn Mr.
Bulliard attributes to the prefence or abfence of pink coloured rofcs
which clofe up the mouths of the tubes, but are detached before the
feeds are poured out. This may in part account for the change, but
it may be obferved that the Tubes themfelves are alfo of different
colours, viz. green, and brown red. Bull, 464, 497, Bolt, 70,
Mich. 60, and Sch^ff. 117, 118, forming the green tubed, and
the others the red tubed fpecies or variety. Not having had fuffi-
cent opportunities of examining the plants in a recent ftate, I men-
tion thefe circumflances in hopes that others who more frequently
meet with them, will attend to them at different ages, and deter-
mine the matter. The fig. of Micheli is excellent, and the ftrudure
of the tubes did not efcape his penetrating eye, as appears by the
difledfed figures at the bottom. He remarks that the pileus is rufty
red, the flefh blood red, the tubes dirty dull yellow, bordered at the
mouth. Mich. p. 1 19.— This plant attains Us growth in a few days,
and is of ftiort duration. Bull. — Lobes elliptical, generally ifluing
from a fliort ftem. In infancy it is vifcid, pulpy, and exfuding on
being pricked a bloody water, colour deep red. When mature the
upper fide gets rough and hairy, and turns blackifli red or deep cho-
colate. The under fide does not affume the form of pores till a late
period. It appears at fir ft cream coloured, and is ftudded veiy
beautifully with pearl- coloured pimples, interfperfed will^ fonte of a
blood red.

The

4o6

reverfed

CRYPTOGAM! A. Fungi.

^ being like fo many

needles hudcbed together, nor is the aperture of. the tubes ver.^ dil^
cerniblc without being magnified. They arc hardly i inch 6ctp.

P f Fr^-T ”°T Mr. St.^ckh.

'.i u.ma bugloffoides. Bull. Boletus hepaticus. Schaffer.
liUDS. Ag.porofusrubens. RAY.fyn. 23. n 12
Seems to grow only on oak. bui not always on high trees. Mr
Wo o DW AR D.— On dead trunks, or in hollows of living trees.

Sept. Ocl.

F I S T U L I'N A peaina'ta. Tubes yellow white,
flanting. Pileus a leathery cnift *

Ray. at p. 28.

fixed by the pileus, the tubes uppermoft.

H/mthe colour and confidence of a cow’s hide, but fofter, upon
which are fixed the tubes, not united and contiguous, but feparL
Tubes, the central ones the longed, fome near i inch long, if grows
m determinate diape. Colour white,

to buflf, browner with age, and black in decay.

In woods, and in cellars. Ray. Bolton. p

Ag. peedinatus. Huds. — ^Bol. obliquus. Bolton.

The Bol. iachrymans may poffibly belong to this.

' J32G. BOL E'T U S.

Ess. Char. Pileus with united tubes underneath.
oEEDs in the tubes.

A. Stems central.

* Tubes white.

Iranfparent BOLE'TUS pelk'ddus. Tubes white, very ihort.

Wem^oncayc, rich brown, fely. Stem whititt, thick,

Sch(^. 122.

Tr.Es dccurrem very ftort, white, femi-.raufp.rent. ite-rr white,
minute, angular.

Pileus rich brown, fcly, hollow in the middle, turned down at the
edge, 2 inches over.

Stea4

BOLETUS. Stems central. 407

Stem whilifh, its upper part covcredWith tubular pores, rathef
conical, -k inch long,-and as much in diameter.

Schaeffer in pi. i2i,has figured another plant witha fmoothpiIeus,i
which he thinks is the fame, and calls them both B. ovinus. On
account of »hc uncertainty of their identity, I have thought it better
to give it a new name; to fay nothing of the unmeaning applica-
tion of the old one. This fpecies is fubjed to be over run by the
white and the yellow Reticularia of Bulliafd. Schasffers pi. 121
is cited by Mr. Hudfon as the B. fubtomentofus of Linnaeus,
which fee.

Pool dam, Edgbafton. 6th Aug. 1791.

BOLE'TUS fuhfus'cus. (Sch^eff.)— Tubes white, very paie-broxm
fliort. Pileus light brown, regularly convex. Stem pale
brown. Root conical. —

Sch(vj[. 130, may Jem to give fometdeaofit, though it is not the
plant.

Tubes whi&e, i-of an inch in length, pretty firmly fixed to the
pileus. Pares white or brownifh white, very minute.

Pileus light brown, fmooth, uniform, clothy to the touch, convex,

4 or 5 inches over. Flejh very white.

Stem pale brown, covered with a beautiful white net-work over its
whole' furface, 3 inches high, and 2 inches diameter. Root
conical.

Much like the Bol. elephantinus in its habit, but differs in the
colour of its tubes, Item, and pileus, as well as in the form of the
latter. No part of it changes colour on expofure to the air.

Edgbafton Park, under the large oak near the wall of the fquare
ftew. Sept.

BOLE'TUS polypo'rus. Tubes white and very fhort. eccentric
Pileus brown, irregular; flefli very thin. Stem brown,
rarely central. —

Bull. 469.

Tubes where longeft about i-ioth of an inch, in fome places not
I -20th. Pores yellowifti white, circular, fo fmall as hardly to be
perceptible to the naked eye.

Pileus fiattifh, but irregular, the edge cooped in and depreffed in
places, cracking, from 3 to 6 inches over. Flejh not i-ioth pf
an inch in thicknpfs. When the pileus is quite central on tlrc
ftem, it hangs flapping down on every fide.

Stem dark brown above, palei’ below, tough, thickening upwards,

2 inches long, i to i inch diameter. The ftem varies in every

'degree

O

5 CR\PTOGAMIA. Fungi.

degree of eccentricity, from perfedlly central, toperfeeSIy lateral,
in which laft ftate it is well figured, though from fmall plants, in

Bolt. 1 68.

Mr. Bolton obfervcs the change it undergoes when very old, and
Mr. Bulliard has a figure which pretty well reprefents it in that ftate,
though I am aware it is an old plant of a different fpecies, vide

Bull. 360.

^ But in their very old and woody ftate thefe plants lofc their dif-
tinguifhing charadlers.

Gathered in all the above different ftates at the foot of fome
paling in the old Worcefter road facing the cottage by the Park
Gate, Edgbafton. June.

orange B O L E ' T U S aurantia'cus. (Bull.) — Tubes whitifh.
Pileus red orange. Stem whitifh, rough. —

Bull. 236 and 489./. 2. R. S.

Tubes not decurrent, brownifh white, i-gd of an inch long, readily
Separating from the pileus. Pores brown white, circular or
angular.

Pileus convex, full orange red, vifeid, 4 to 6 inches over, and
fometimes much larger, thin at the edge, and without tubes for
about i-ioth of an inch. Flejh yellowifh white, not changing.
Stem whitifh, or pale yellowifh white, rough with coloured pimples
like the fkin of a goofe, thickeft downwards, either rounded or
pointed at the bafe; fpongy within, 2 to 3^ inches high, f to r
inch or more in diameter.

Fir plantations at Bar, Staffordfhire. June.

** Tubes brown.

fponge ' BOLE'TUS bovi'nus, (Linn.)— Tubes pale yellowifh
brown, unequal in length. Pileus brown or olive, clammy.
Stem thick pale brown with rufty ftains.

Boletus ftipitatus, pileo glabro pulvinato marginato, poris compo-
litis acutis, porulis angulatis brevioribus. Linn.

Bull. 60.

Tubes pale yellowifh brown, not touching the ftem, the longeft i
to ^ inch long. ■ Pores brown white, becoming more brown, and
red brown with age.

Pileus convex, thin at the edge, dark brown to olive, or tawny
brown, vifeid ; 3 to 6 inches over. Fltjk very thick, fpongy,
white, not changing colour.

Stem

BOLETUS, Stem central.

409

Stem dirty white with reddifh ftains, white ih the flefh, but foriie-
times with a reddifh tinge, 3 to 7 inches high, and | to if inch
diameten

This fpecies, though not uncommon, has been the occafion of
great conflilfon, partly becaufe it had never been well figured before
the 60th plateof M.BulIiard appeared, and partly from the Linnasan
charadter holding forth the inequality of the poree as its moft promi-
nent feature. It is true, the pores appear vefy much like a piece of
fponge, both in colour and fhape, and admit of great variety in fizeand
figure, efpecially as we find fets of tubes together, opening with fmall
pores, furrounded by other longer tubes, which Linnaeus calls com-
pound pores. This is a ftriking circumftance, but as it llkewife exifis
i n fevera 1 other of the larger Boleti in their fully expanded flat e, i nftead
of aiding the diferimination it has promoted the confufion of the fpe-
cies. Not lefs than ten of the plates of SchaeflFer have been fijft and
laft given to this plant, though none of them reprefent it except 103,
and 104, which are varieties, and 134, and 135, which may alfo be
varieties, but it does not appear that they are known as Britiih plants.

SchasfF. 105, is the B. luteus, with bright yellow tubes and pores,
and a crimfon and yellow ftem.

1 07, has green yellow tubes and crimfon pores, and is

B. rubiolarius.

108, is a variety of the B. luteus.

1 12, has green yellow tubes and pores, with an orange

pileus.

'130, has lemon coloured tubes and pores, a dotted brick

red pileus, and a yellow and pinky ftem.

— 133, is the B.-ladlifluus, with a milky or yellow juice.

Micheli t. 68, 69, generally ; 68.1. and 68. i, 2, more particu-
! larly have been referred to for the Bol. bovinus, alfo Battar. 29.
A. B, and 30, A. B; but notwithftanding a general refemblance in
ithe figures, the deferiptions of the authors give little reafon to believe
uthat they are the plant.

Edgbafton Park. End of 061.

iYaR. I . Tubes pale, yeilowifh ; Pores tawny. Pileus bufiy brown.
Stem red brown, reticulated at bottom.

Bolt. 85.

Tabes not touching tlie ftem ; Pores round, fmall. Sept.

iVar.-2. I’ubes brown white.' Pileus brown, clothy. Stem dirty
white, tapering greatly upwards.

Bolt. 86. — 'Schaeff. 104, but the bubesre{>reJentedmore yellowthanourSt
Tubes not coonedted with the fterh, brown white, hardly d of au
Inch long. P(3re5 dilute watery brownifh w'hite, irregular infiiape
and fize.

2 D

Vol. III.

Pileus

4io

perennial

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Pile us warm brown, paler towards the edge, regularly convex,
feels like fine clotli, cracking fuperficially at the edge, but not fo
as to fhew the flefh. Eejh white, changing flowly when cut to a
pinky call.

Stem dirty white, pearfhaped at bottom and tapering upwards, 4
or 5 inches high, ^ to li diameter. Fkjk white, that of the bul-
bous part changing flowly to a bluifli, but that above to a pinky
call.

Paftures, Edgbafton. Auguft.

Vae. 3. Pileus dark brown. Stem rough with feurfy fcales pointing
upwards.

Bull. 132, and 4^9./. i. — Sci^ejf'. 103.

Stem more cylindrical than in the preceding.

Paftures, Edgbafton, with the former. ' Auguft.

* Var. 4. Pores white, angular. Pileus brown, fcaly and teflellated.

Dickf. 3. 2. — Scop. ann. iv. i. 5.

Feres very white. Pileus dark brown, hard, about 2 inches over,
the furfacc teflellated fomething like the cone of a fir. Stem thick,
3 or 4 inches high. Dickson.

Found by Mr. Lightfoot in woods near Bullftrode, Buckingham.

Auguft.

B O L E ' T U S peren'nis. (Linn.) — Tubes ochrey
brown. Pileus flattilh, hollow in the center, ftriated,
marked with alternate circles of brown and tawny. Stem
red broivn. —

Bol. ftipitatus, perennis, pileo utrinque planiufculo. Linn.

Bull. 28, coriaceus.—Schceff. 12^.— Bull. 449. 2.— Boh. 87.
Tubes decurrent, ochrey yellow brown, not feparating from the
pileus, extremely fhort. Pores round or angular.

Pileus flattilh, hollow in the center, ftriated with hairs, marked
with alternate circles of brown and tawny; i to if inch over;
leathery. .

Stem red brown, often eccentric, i inch long, thick as a raven’s
quill,

M. Bulliard remarks the difpofltipn of the Pilei to unite when
they happen to grow in contacft'with each otlier.

Stem Ihort, fmall wiry. Pikus very thin at the edge, chocolate
colour when young, with a greenifti call when old. Pores irregular,
fmall, fnuff-coloured. The whole plant is leathery or woody, and
frequently comes up fo thick that the pilei run into one another.
Mr. Stackhouse.

Dean and Chapter Grove, Hereford, on old charcoal pits. Com-
mon hillwood, Fownhope. Mr. Stackhouse,

Var.

BOLETUS. Stem centraL

41 1

Var. I. Tubes, Pileus, and Stem cinnamon colour.

Bull. 254.— Jflcy. coll. 1. 1. 2.

■WTiolly cinnamon coloured within and without^

Tubes decurrent. Fares angular.

Pileus flat convex, ftriated, thin, hollow in the center, i inch dverj
lol't and lilky to the touch.

Stem woolly, an inch highj and as thick as a crow quill.

Pikus thin, woolly, marked with zones ; very brittle when diy.

Dickson.

Firft found in this kingdom by Mr. Dickfon, but given to us with
no other habitat than the general one of — paftures.

Bol. cinnamomeus. Jacq.

*BOLE'TUS fub-tomento'fus. (Linn.) — Pores woolly
tawny, rather angular, of different fliapes. Pileus yellow,
fomewhat woolly. Stem yellow. —

Bol. ftipitatus, pileo flayo fub-tomentofo, poris fub-angulatis dif-
formibus fulvis planis, ilipite, fiavo. LifiN.

Mich. 68..2.

Pileus convex, flefhy, by no means fmooth or clammy; fharp at
the edge. Pares with blunt angles, the ends forming a plano-concave
furface. Sum fmcothifh. FI. Suec. — ^This is introduced on the au-
thority of Mr. Hudfon, who refers to Schaeff. t. 121, with yellowilh
white pores, and a whitifh Bern.

In woods near Elhar, Surry. Hups. Sept. Otft,

BOLE'TUS rubfola'rius. (BuLLi) — Tubes olive red-brown
' colour; pores rich red brown. Pileus and ftem red cin-
namon . —

Bull. 100, and 490. i. — Schajf. 107.

'Tubes olive colour, fixed to the flem. Pores rich red brown, varl-
oufly fhaped, but moftly oval.

iPiLEUS red cinnamon, convex, foft to the touch and rather clammy^

Flejk thick, fpongy, buff colour, inftantly turning blue when
wounded. ;

OTEM red cinnamon and bulbous below, yellpWj.reddifh, and cylin-
drical above; fpongy within, and rich yellow, but inftantly
changing to a blue; 2^ to 3 inches high, tp if- diameter.

In its young ftate the pores are crimlpn, and the center of the
nileus of a chocolate colour.

Edgbafton Park, under Spanllh chefnut trees. Augi

2 D 2

* * * Tubes

412

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

*** Tubes buff.

horny BOLE'TUS mtmmula'rius. (Bull.) — Tubesveiy fliort,
buff colour. Pileus colour of horn, convex, dimpled.
Stem colour of horn, black at the bafe. —

BitU. 124.

TuBjis loofe from the ftem, buff, very fhort. Pores angular; gene-
ral furface underneath the pileus concave.

Pileus the colour of brown horn, with a black circle at the edge,
gently convex, but hollowed in the center ; tough like leather,
fmooth, very thin.

Stem colour of brown horn, black at the bafe, friaooth, 2 inches high,
thick as a goofe qull.

Mr. Bulliard figures the ftem as more or lefs eccentric, and fays
they are always fo, but the fpecimen from which the preceding de-
ftription was taken is an exception to this obfervation. Mr. Dickfon
obferves that it is chiefly found on flender rotten bmnches of hazel.
He quotes the fig. of Bulliard, cited above, and in his fecond fafc.
refers Bolt. 83, to this plant, but I think Bolton’s is a different
fpecies.

On a piece of rotten ftick by the tail of the pool in Edgbafton
Park. 16th March, 1791.

**** Tubes yellow.

elephant BOLE'TUS elephanti'nus. Tubes yellow, fhort.
Pileus dead white, convex, but very irregular. Stem
yellow, thick and fliort. —

fSckceff. 134 and 135, nearly rejemhle it, except in colorer.J
Tubes yellow, the longeft not more than i-gd of an inch, adhering
firmly to the pileus. Pores very fmall, circular.

Pileus dead white, convex, but very irregular in fhape, from 2 tc
4 inches over, downy in the depreffed parts, cooping in, and fc
thick in flefh as to leave but little fpace for the tubes.

Stem yellow, i to 2 inches high, and nearly as much in diameter.

I have named it from its thick clumfy ftem, and its general mafl)
appearance.

Red Rock plantation, -Edgbafton Park. Sept. lygi

eatable BOLE'TUS ed'uUs. (Bull.) — Tubes yellow,
Pileus brown. Stem light brownifh yellow. —

Bh//. 494. ' I

Tubes yellow, more than of an inch long, not fixed to theftetnH
readily feparating from the pileus. Pores yellow, circular, fmaM
for the fize of the plant. H

PilevH

BOLETUS. Stem central. 413

Pi LEU s pale or deeper brown, with ruft-colourcd patches, nearly
globular and 5 or 6 inches over when opening, but a flat convex
and 7 or 8 inches acrofe when fully expanded. Flejk white, not
changing colour when wounded.

Stem light brownilh or yellowifh, 3 to 5 inches high, diameter,
tapering upwards.

Mr. Builiard reckons this a variety of the B. bovinus of Linnaeus.

Fir Plantations at Bar, StafFordlhire, the refidence of Mr. Galton.

Aug;

*BOLE'TUS grega'rius. Tubes yellow ; pores clujlered
oblong, unequal. Pileus thin, flattilh, dark or pale
chefnut. Stem pale chefnut, pinky below. —

FI. dan. 1018.

Tubes fhort. Pores fmall, angular, yellow. ^ '

Pileus reddilh yellow, clammy, fmooth, thin, flat, 2 to 4 inches
over. Fkih white.

Stem infenfi'bly fwelling into the pileus, and expanding till it lofes
itfelf in the rim ; 3 to 4 inches high, ^ inch diameter.

I met with this in the fummer of 1 790, and marked its Angularity
in being faciculated, before I faw the plate in the FI. dan. It is much
eaten by infedls. Mr. Stackhouse.

Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.

* BOLE' TVS lu'teus. Tubes deep yellow. Vdeus Jlriated
deep bay, ftriated. Stem dirty white. Ring permanent.

Bol. ftipitatus, pileo pulvinato fub-vifcido, poris rotundatis con*
vexis flavifflmis, ftipite albido. Linn,

Sckajf. 1 14. — Hedwig th. 36. 210.

Tubes deep yellow, i of an inch long, readily feparating from the

pildis. Pares round. ^ j i « • t.

Pileus rather conical, edge turned in, deep bay, darkelt m t e »
center, ftriated with hairinefs, viicid, 3 to 4 inches over. Flejk
white, not changing.

Stem dirtv' white, cylindrical, widening at the top, bulbous at the
root. Curtain membranaceous, whitilh. Ring , permanent.

; Schaffer.

Woods and paftures Aug. Oct.

BOLE' TU S o//ufl'cw. Tubes bright yellow. Pileus olive
• olive brown. Stem brown below, yellow or crimfon
I above. —

Bolt. S^.—Sch^J^. 105, andojg.—{ib. 108, fienis to be a vanely.)

2 D 3 Tubes

4'4 C R Y P T O G A M r A. Fungi.

Tubes bright yellow, the longefl: next the ftem about i of an inch }
inftantly turning blue when wounded. Peres bright yellow,
round or oval.

Pile us olive brown, 3 to 4 inches over, edge turned down. Eejh
yellow, inftantly turning blue when expofed to the air.

Stem brown below, bright yellow or crimfon elfewhere; 3 to 4
inches high, J inch diameter. Curtain brown, fugacious.

Mr. Bulliard quotes Bolt. 84 as a fynonym to his B. annularius,
but the latter has a yellow pileus with red ftreaks, a permanent ring
on the ftem, and the flefh not changing colour when expofed to the
air.

Church lane, Edgbafton, hedge banks and amongft mofs. Sept,

enmfon B O L E ' T U S fanguin'eus. Tubes yellow. Pileus
blood red, changing to rich red brown. Stem yellow
with broad crimfon ftreaks. — ’

Tubes yellow, a little decurrent, unequal in length, but moftly
about I -8th of an inch long, changing to deep blue when broken.
Pores lemon yellow, angular.

Pileus crrnrfon, femi-globular, i to if inch over ; when old rich
red brown, near 3. inches over, and the edge turning up. Flejh
white, a little tinged with crimfon next to the fkin, changing
flowly to a bluifh caft when wounded. ®

Stem blotches or ftreaks of dilute crimfon on a yellow ground
apparently twifted, i to af inches high, near 3-8ths diameter!
In the larger fpecimens the bafe is bulbous.

^ I have never found this fpecies elfewhere than on die fpot men-
tioned below, and no author I meet with has figured it. In its
button ftate the blood red pileus, the yellow and crimfon ftained
ftem, and the fine lemon coloured pores render it a beautiful objeeft.
I once only found it in an expanded ftate as deferibed above, grow!

ing on the fame fpot, but am rather doubtful as to the identity of the
fpecies. ^

Between th,e large fquare ftew and the wall, in Edgbafton Park.

Aug.

finky BOLE'TUS chryfen'teron. (Bull.)— Tubes yellow.l
decurrent. Pileus gently convex, pinky red. ' Steml
yellow below, pinky upwards. — |

rr. j I

Tubes decurrerit, yellow, i-gd of an inch long, changing to grcen-l
ifh when broken. Pores yellow, round or oblong. I

Pileus a flat convex when fully expanded, pinky red, 2 to q incheJ
over. 'I

Stem!

BOLETUS. Stem central.

Stem yellow below, pinky upwards, fwelling below, buttapering
again at the root ; 2 inches high, f inch diameter.

Rookery, Edgbafton. July.

B O L E ' T U S fla'vus. Tubes brown yellow, a little yellow
decurrent. Pileus orange, (hining, vifckl. Stem yellow.

Bolt. 169, excellent.— (Bull. 332, nearly allied to it, but riot the Jam.)

Tubes brownifh yellow, a little fpreadmg down the ftem. Pores
lemon colour, irregular in fhape and/ize, the larger ones di-
vided by partitions, the ends of the partitions ftiorter than the
ends of the larger tubes. ,

Pileus convex, edge rather turning up, deep orange when young,
paler with age, Ihining with a vifcid varnilh, 2 to 4 inches over.

Flefh pale yellow, not changing when cut.

Stem yellow, i to 3 inches high, cylindrical, f to inch diameter.

Ocrlmn white, conneAing the edge of the pileus with the ftem,
and leaving a ring on the ftem.

Mr. Bolton cites Bull. 332 for this plant, but it differs in its dry
pileus with red ftreaks, and its white fielh.

In feveral of the plantations in Edgbafton Park. Aug. Very fre-
quent in the pleafure grounds at Envilie. June.

BOLE'TUS kaif'luus. Tubes yellow. Pileus reel milky
buff. Stem bright yellow. Juice like milk. —

Sch(pff. 133, (nearly the fame.)

Tubes in contaift with the ftem, yellow, lefs than f of an inch in
length. Pores bright yellow, very minute. They feem as if
filled up by the exfudation of an infpiffated juice.

Pileus reddilh buff, or fawn-colour, very convex, vifcid, 2 to 4
inches over. Flejh thick, white, folid, ^

Stem bright yellow within and without, paler with age, f to 2^

inches long, 3-8ths thick. _ _ . .

When frelh gathered the plant abounds with white milky juice,
not acrid. Its flavour is like that of the Ag. campeftris, When old
the milk is lefs abundant. Schaeffer’s plant is delcribed as having a
yellow juice, and the pileus purplilh red; in other refpeefts they
agree.

Edgbafton Park, 5th Aug. 1791.

*BOLE'TUS Juhfiridtus. (Bolt.)— Tubes dirty yel- kugh
low; pores minute. Pileus dirty yellow, convex, thin.

Stem dirty yellow, hard, tough, fometimes eccentric. ■

Bolt. 170.

Tubes, the longell about i of an inch. Fores pale yellowifh colour,
minute, regular, angular when magnified. Pileus

4i6

CRYPTOGAM! A. Fungi.

Piled 5 yellow brown olive, inclining to alh colour,- gently convex,
thm at the edge, fmooth, tough, Jeather^^ i to 2 inches over.
Fkjh thm, white.

Stem dufky or yellowilh, white within, cylindrical or compreflTed,
hard, tough, i to 2 inches high, thick as a goofe quill. Bolton.
Near Darlington, and North Dean near Halifax.

lacquered

foliated

B. Stems lateral.

* Tubes white.

BOLE TUS (Jacq.) — Tubes M’hite. Pileus
chelnut coloured, Ihining. Stem hard, uneven, chefnut-
coloured, fliining. —

Curt.-o 24.— Bull. 7 and 459.— >07. / 1 6g.— Bat/d. 22 5.
Tubes very white. ^ Pores exceedingly fmall. Thunb. jap. t. 39.
Pileus flat, femi-circular, or more; highly polilhed, marked with
concentric grooves; edge thick, wrinkled, 3 to 8 inches over.
Stem lateral, chefnut coloured, hard, uneven, fhining as if var-
nifhed, 3 to 5 inches high, i to 2 inches in diameter. Some-
times without a ftem. Mr. Woodward.

Bol. lucidus. Curt. Bol. obliquatus. Bulliard; who deferibes
his plant as varnifhed m every part except where the pores are but
has not exprefleditfo in his figures. Pileus oblique, lateral, pur-
pliih brown, wrinkled m circular wavy lines, highly varnifhed,
puckered at top, a wave of dirty white at the rim. Pores very mi-
nute dirty white. Sfem thick, crumpled, colour of the pileus.

Linton Woods, Cambridgefli:
rDitchmghamandBrome. Mr. WooDWARD.-Woolhope,' Here-
fordfliire. Mr. Stackhouse.] Ju^ly-Sept.

*BOLE'TUS frondo'fus. Tubes white. Pileus

’ ‘

Fl. dan. 953 — Sclueff. 128. 129.— Bo/f. 76.— Barr. 1268.

Tubes dccurrent, white, about r-ioth of an inch long. Pores very

Pi r circular, or angular, fometimes confluent.

Pileus pale yellowilh brown to deeper cinnamon, leathery, waved,
lobed, fometimes jagged, lobes tiled one over another, 2 inches
wide and rather more in length.

Stem very irregular and milhapeu, expanding f„ aa to fomt the pi-
..ieus, .boat- an inch high, or more, fometimes almoft covered with
pores, never central, black at the bafe, feveral togetlier in cluf-
ters, neai an inch broad. Relhan. Dickson. — I faw one at
Brome growing at the bottom of an old tree, which meafured

nearly

417

BOLE T'U S. Stem lateral.

nearly 2 feet acrofs, an^ the tiled lobes next to the tree more than
6 Inches deep. Mr. Woodward.

B O L E ' T U S betuU'nus. Tubes pure white, very fliort, pinky-brown
Pileus pinky brown, edge curled in. Stem black. —

Bolt. 159. — (not Bol. betulinus, Bull. 312.^

Tubes very white and fhort, from i-ioth to i-goth of an inch long.

Pores very minute ; general furface concave.

Pileus fmooth, oblong, convex, curled in at the edge, pinky
brown, thin, flexible, often divided into tongue-fhaped lobes.

Flejh white, i of an inch thick, very thin at the edge.

Stem lateral, black, i to 2 inches long, inch diameter.

Whole plant leathery, tough, 2 to 4 inches M'ide, and 3 to 8 inches
long ; looks when growing, and fmells like the Ag. oftreatus. The
tubes do not feparate from the pileus except in the older plants ; in
the youn^ ones I have found it next to impoflible to detach them.

On the flump of an afli tree; Edgbaflon. May.

B O L E ' T U S fguamo'fus. Tubes yellow white ; pores fcaly
large, angular. Pileus pale buff, pencilled with feather-
like fcales. —

FI. dan. 893. — Sefueff. loi and 102. — Bull. 114. — Bolt. 77. — Batjeh.

41. — Sterb. 13, and pojjibly 14.

Tubes fhort, nearly white, flanting. Forw large, whitilh, angular,
varying much in fize.

Pileus pale buff, adorned with leather-like fcales of a deeper dye,
fometimes with a tinge of red, femi-circular, or fan-fhaped,
from 5 to 14 inches over. FleHh white, firm, elaflic.

Stem lateral, dark-coloured, white within, from i to 2 inches long,
and as much in breadth.

It has a rank fungous fmell, and is apt to abound with maggots.

On the flumps of various kinds of trees ; much crowded together.

In the rick yard, Edgbaflon, on the flump of an afti. June.

**’ Tubes ycllowllh.

* BO hZ' TVS rangiferi'nus. Pores yellowilh. Pileus deers-horn
dirty yellow. Stem dark brown, branched. —

Fhil. iron/, abr. x. pi. 20. /. 109, at p. 705 ; cop. in Blackjl. fron-
tijpiece. — Bolt. 138. — (Dr. Stokes thinks that Jl. dan. 405, and
Schaff. 326, are the plant not yet arrived at maturity.)

Tubes decurrent, dirty yellow, ragged at the extremity.

Pileus an expanfion of the flem, dirty yellow, oblong, about 2
inches by i^.

Stem dark brown, i-Jto 3 inches high, thick as a fwan s quill, often
with one or more lateral branches, fplitting at the end into feveral

horn-fhaped

4i8 C, R Y P T O G a M I a. Fungi.

hornftaped branches, with yellow tops, or elfe expanding into
the pileus. Root a congeries of brown fubftances as large as hazel
nuts. Bolton. — The whole plant bears a referablance to the
I palmated branching horns of the larger fpecies of deer. Pro-

feflbr Martyn, who firft publilhed an account of it. fays, that his
plant was 2 feet high. It was of a dulky red ec^our, inclining
to black ; the pores and the tips of the horns of a cream colour.
Both Mr. Martyn’s and Mr. Bolton’s plants were found affixed to
a log of wood in a cellar.

Jlipper BOLE'TUS calce'olus. (Bull.) — Tubes buff colour,
pores very fmall. Pileus deep bulf to chefnut, hollowed

in the middle, thin and waved at the edt^e.

46, BoLelegans, the chefnut floured pileus; 1^.445. 2, the
pileus; ib. 360, an old plant, which if it was not for the
decurrence of the pores on the Jlem would alfo reprefent the Bol,
polyporus in its old and woody fate.

Tubes decurrent, the longeft near i of ah inch. Pores buff colour,
fmall, but not all of the fame fize.

Pi LEU.s deep buff to chefnut colour, firm and hard to cut, like a
cork, hollowed near the infertion of the Bern, thin and waved
or curled at the edge, 2 to 4. inches over.

Stem lateral, fometimes approaching to central, tough, white
conical, gradually lofing itfelf into the pileus and becoming
covered by the pores, fo that it is difficult to decide its length,
^ which however may be confidered as near an inch in the larger
Ipecimens, and i-4th to 3-8ths diameter. The plant is much
crowded in its growth, fothat the fubftance of one often unites
• with the fubftance of thofe adjoining it.

Stump of an afh tree, rick yard, Edgbafton. June.

leather-like

* BOL
very fliort.
yellow. —

^ ^ ^ ^ ^(^^^ra'lis. (Bolt.) — Tubes yellow,'
Pileus dead yellow, thin, fmooth. Stem

n.

holt. 03. — Battar. 34.

Tubes about a line in kngth. ftm circular, fo minute as not to

be difcernible by the naked eye.

Pileus yellow, fmooth, fiat, very thin, leather like, r to 2 inches in
diameter.

Stem lateral, dull yellow, gradually fpreading out at its top fo as to

torrn the pileus, i to near i inch long, ^ in diameter. Root hard,
‘ black. Bolton.

On the trunk of a fallen willow. Auguft,

C. Stemlkss,

BOLETUS. Stemlefs.

419

• G. StEM-LES8.

* Tubes white.

BOLE'TUS fubero’fus. (Linn.) — Tubes white, cork
pointed. Pores irregular, Pileus white, convex, fmooth,
thin. —

Bolt. 162. — Ea/h 482. F.

Bol. acaulis, pulvinatus, albus, laevis, poris acutis difformibus.

Snowy white ; foft as fponge. Linn.

Pileus arched, thin, wrinkled, fometimes marked with zones, grey
white, very watery when young. Bulliard. — Tubes of unequal
lengths. Pileus white, downy when young, fmooth when old, but
made uneven by riling bunches. Bolton. — ^This is known from
its perfedl refemblance to cork. Lobes thick, fbres irregular in.
their fhape. Bull. C. D. G. are redder than I have feen it. Mr.
Stackhouse.

Trunks of alh trees in Weftmoreland, common. P. [Plentiful
near Bath, on ftumps of trees. Mr. Stackhouse.]

BOLE'TUS medul'la-pa'nis, (Jagq.) — ^Wholly white, pith~Hke
cruftaceous, fpreading. Pores on the upper fur face only ;

Banting. —

Jacq. mifc. r. ii. — Bolt. 67, the lower figure. — Mich. 63. 2.

Cruftaceous, white, fpread thin, accommodating itfelf to the
fiirface of the ground or of the rotten wood on which it grows, from
I line to feveral in thicknefs, foft when young but firm. Pores very
fmall, cylindrical, numerous, a little flanting, covering the whole
upper furface only. Jacquin.

On rotten wood. Dicks. 18. and decayed branches of trees.

Relh. n. 1044. — [I found this in a ploughed field near Bungay,
apparently growing on the ground, but on examination it arofe
from a decayed root near the furface. Mr. Woodward. — On the
bark of fallen trees in the rookery, Edgbafton.j April.

Var. I. Pores very lhallow.

Bolt. 166.

On the ftump of a tree that had been fawn off ; Edgbafton.

BOLE'TUS falic'inus. (Bull.) — Tubes white to willow
tawny ; very Ihort. Pileus I’emi-circular, whitiih, fmooth,

^in, foft, leathery. —

Tubes

Bull. 433. I.

420

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi,

"Tubes hardly the tenth of an inch long. Pileus not marked with
concentric circles, always fmooth and thin, from 2 to 5 inches over.
Jtisfeldomfoundinclufters; always on fickly or dead willows!
Sometimes it fends out fibrous roots between the bark and the wood!
Subftance foft, leathery, not hard like cork ; its duration not more
than 2 or 3 months. Bulliard.— This grows out of decayed wil-
lows; it is dry and leathery. Pbres oblong, fweet fmelling, pale
brown, refembling a honeycomb in ftrudure. Mr. Stackhouse.
Bol. albus. Hudson.

On willow trees, very common. May 0(51.

Var. I. Pileus white, downy, fcolloped and almoft curled at the
edge.

Bolt. 78.

Tubes white, turning to a dirty red when cut or bruifed; nearly
i-ioth of an inch long. Pores very irregular in lhape and fize.
Pileus white, downy, when this is rubbed off, red brown ; 7 inches

3 inches broad, thin at the edge, and waved, inch thick
at the bafe.

Hedge banks, Edgbafton, fixed to half rotten wood. July.

The fpecimens I have feen were larger than figured anddefcribed
by Bolton ; the margins were lobed and waved, but not with fo
much elegance. Mr. Bolton’s fig. being taken from a fmall plant,
it might grow with more regularity. Mr. Woodward.

Ditchingham near Bungay, and at Difs, Norfolk. Mr. Woodw,

fweet B OLE 'T US fuave'olens. (Linn.) — Tubes very long,
white changing to tawny. Pileus fmooth, femi-circular,
white or tawny. Flelh yellow brown. Bull.

Bol. acaulis, fuperne lasvis, falicinus. Linn.

Bull. 310. — Wale. n. B.Juberofus.

Tubes at firft whitifh, changing to ftraw colour, and then to tawny,

efpecially at the ends, f an inch long or more in large fpeciinens.
Fores irregular.

Pileus at firft white, tawny, brownilh and marked with concentric
circles as it grows old. Flejh white or yellowifh, compacil, like
cork. Diameter from 2 to 5 inches or more. Its odour pene-
trating and agreeable, but it lofes this with age, and even in the
younger plants when thin it is not always perceptible. Bulliard.
On the trunks of willow trees, in autumn, not uncommon ; con-
tinuing about a year.

Sometimes growing tiled one above another to a very large fize.
Pileus frequently tinged with orange. The B. albus of Hudfon is
thicker at the bafe and more regular in its figure. Mr. Woodward.

On old oaks and other trees, frequent. Mr. Woodward.

BO,

421

BOLETUS. Stemlefi.

B O L E'T U S fpongio'fus. (Lightf.) — Pores whitifli, fpongy
fringed , angular. Pileus brown , M'oolly. —

Battar. 33. D, E, F, G, H. — Cluj. ii. 265. 2, cop. in J. B. ili.

831. 2.

Sitting, horizontal, femi-circular, convex, fometimes as big as a
peck meafure. Lightfoot. — Very elegant when young, turning
quite black when old. Seeds when ripe falling out in forni of a yel-,
low powder, and when examined appearing faftened to a flender
hair-like thread like the beads of a necklace. Thefe filaments often
hang down forming feftoons, from the under furface of the pileus.

Mr. Woodward.

B. villofus. Huds. 626.

Trunks of trees. [Moftly on elms, and often exceeding the trunk
of the tree in diameter. Mr. Woodward.]

*BOLE'TUS la'chrymans. (Wulfen.) — Tubes white, dry-rot
Pileus orange coloured, wrinkled, reticulated, with a broad,
white, arched border. —

Jacq. Mije. ii. 8. 2.— Bolt. 167, upper figure.— Scop. Jubt. 9. 3.

Stemlefs, leathery, half oval, one or two lines thick, 3 inches long,
broad, fmooth, flelh white. The under furface in contaft with
the wood or the walls, white, fmooth, without pores; but the white
border contains the pores, which are fometimes alfo found in the yel-
low part. The pores are circular, or quadrangular, or comprefled,
and contain water. Wulfen, in Jacq. mife. ii. p. 1 1 1.

In heaps on dale planks in places expofed to wet where they com-
municate with the walls. Dickson, fafe. i. p. 18 ; excluding by tlie
advice of Mr. Woodward the references to Ray and Hudfon. — [On
decaying wood in cellars frequent. Not uncommon on gates and
polls expofed to the weather, but in fuch fituations does not fpread
much. Mr. Woodward.]

B O L E'T U S verji'color. (Linn.) — Tubes white, firiped '
Pileus ftriped with different colours. —

Bol. acaulis, fafeiis dicoloribus, poris albis. Linn.

Bull.Qd.—Schafi'. 268 and 26^.— Belt. 81. — IValc. n. g.— Battar.

35*

Pores very minute; Tubes very Ihort, wearing out with age. Mr.

Stackhouse. — Tubes very fhort. Porer circular or angular, varying

in fize. Pileus thin, velvety, ftriped in concentric circles of various

colours. This plant is very common. In its firft ftages of growth

the pores arc uppermoft, in time it quits its attachment by the pileus

and res'erfes itfelf, as explained in the Ag. quercinus.

On trees, rails, and ftumps. P-

** Tubes

422

CRYPTOGAMIA, Fungi.

* * Tubes brown.

BOLE'TUS c.*.W,-,V.(BuLL.)-Tubes dark brown,
long. . Pores rich yellow brown. Pileus dark red brown
lemi-circular, very uneven. — ’

Bidl. 462.

Tubes long, darker brown than the flefh. Porei minute, regular,

rich yellow brown, when turned doping to the light exhibiting
filvery reflexions like the pile of velvet.

Pileus rich dark red brown, often whitifh at the edge, ftrongly
marked and made very uneven by concentric ridges; fometimes
one ftratum of the plant laid on another, 3 to 5 inches wide
If to 3 inches broad. Flejk thin, brown.

On a dead alder flump below the cafcadc by the fide of the brook
Edgbaflon Park.

long-tubed BOLE'TUS crypta'rum. (Bull.)— Tubes ruft co-
loured, very long. Pileus ruft coloured, thin, fupine.—
Bull. 478. — Bolt, 165.

Taici tan inch or more in length, conflituting almofl the whole
fubflance of the plant. Pares rufly brown, very minute. Films thin,
leathery, or fpongy, foft, adapting itfelf to the wood on which it
grows,and ferving as abafe on which the tubes are ereXed. Bolton.
Bulliard. In M. Bulliard’s plate the plants are reprefented as
growing in great malTes, and cupping up. Thefe grew in vaults
upon hewn timber. Mr. Bolton found his. on diy decayed boughs
ofhazle. t- .

rugged BOLE'TUS lab'yrmthifor'mis. (Bull.) — Tubes red

brown, long. Pores finuous. Pileus rugged, zoned,
brick red. — 00 » »

Boll. 160. — Bull. 491. I.

Tubes f to t inch long, reddifli brown. Pores finuous or labyrinth
ormed, greyifh or reddifli brown. Pileus rough, wrinkled, marked
with diflant concentric circles of a lighter or darker brown colour,
femi-circular, it to 2 inches radius. Flejh woody, pale brown,
veine , fmooth. Bolton. Bulliard. — marry from one root,
^ved at the edge, puflulated on the upper furface; reddifli brown.
Pores oblong, angular and finuous. Mr. Stackhouse ; to whofe
3ttcntions I am indebted for a fpecimen.

On old trees, and roots. [Trunks of trees cut off, or on the
adjoining ground. Mr. Stackhouse.] Sept.

B O-

BOLETUS. Stemlefs. 423

B O L E'T U S urn' color. (Bull.) — Tubes grey brown, felf-coloured
Pores labyrinth-formed. Pileus woolly, with zones of
different lhades of the fame colour. —

Bull. 408, and 501. /. 3.— Bo/l 163, youn^ plants.^

Tubes f of an inch or more In length. Pikus thin, feml-circu'lar,
leathery, moftly brown or red brown. Bulliard. — In habit much
refembling the B. verficolor, but differs in the colour and length of ^
the tubes. PHens fometimes green.

On trees, flumps, and rails, not uncommon. P.

* * * Tubes red.

*BOLE'TUS lacinia'tus. Tubes very fliort. Pores fringed
blolfom coloured. Pileus brownifh or afh coloured, arched,
warty, thin, fringed at the edge. —

(Bull. 366. Boletus imbricatus is fomething like it.)

Tubes very Ihort and flender ; pores very minute, bloffom colour.

Pileus very thin, lobed ; lobes arched and hanging over each other,
an Inch wide and long, leathery, deeply fringed at the edge, fur-
face puflular, mottled, yellow brown or afh colour. Root and thickefl
part of the pileus like cork. Defcription and drawing from Mr.
Stackhouse.— M. Bulliard’s Bol. imbricatus feems fomething like
it, but is a much larger and more luxuriant fpecimen, perhaps alfo
in an older Hate, for the pores have a deeper fhade of colour. It .
however is more bright in its tints, and wants the warty tubercles
on the pileus, fo that I dare not cite It as the faille.

Comb Wood near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.

* Var. I. Pileus fmooth, downy, fending out root-like fuckers from
the under fide.

Subftance hard, leathery. Dull bloffom colour underneath. It
is rather yellower than the preceding, and had fome brown flrise on
the pileus.

Found near the former, of which it may be only a variety. Mr.
Stackhouse.

B O L E'T U S his'pidus. (Bull.)— Tubes yellow red, brijlly
fringed. Pileus bright red brown, rough with briftly

hairs. — ?

Bull. 210.

Blood red when young, in middle age the pileus purplifh brick
red, the pores blackllh tawny ; in old age blacL The plant is flem-
Icfs, foft, leathery, very fiefhy, 4 inches wide. Bulliard.

Chiefly on old oaks. Specimen fent me by Mr. Stackhoufe.

IK * * * Tubes

424

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

** * * Tubes yellow.

trmjlone SOLE'TVS fulphu’reus. (BuLL.)-Tubes and por«

lulpnur colour. Pileus bright aurora, ftreaked.

Bull. 429, exactly our plant.

Sometimes grows very much tiled, the lobes 40 or more ; the
whole mafs half a yard in length and a foot or more in breadth.
^ Its firft ftate it is foft like a cuftard. Mr. Stackhouse.

Tubes yellow, not longer than i-ioth of an inch. Pores very mi-
nute, irregular in fhape.

Pileus nearly femi-circular, 6 inches radius, in fhape likethe under
ftell of a very large oyfter inverted, colour bright aurora,
Itreaked; thin edge bordered with yellow, for about i-iothof
an inch in breadth. Flejh thin, foft, white, fometimes flained
red near the upper furface, but never yellow. Stem next to
none, but a thick mafs near 2 inches in diameter fixes the plant
to the tree. ^

T extremely beautiful plant, and admirably depidled by
M. Bulhard. The fine fulphur yellow of the pores flies off in a fev/
ours after the plant is pthered. The aurora colour appears on
the yellow parts of the pileus whenever the furface is abraded. Some
Ipecimens grow double, one over another, from the fame root.

In the cleft of a large cherry tree atEdgbafton, where a fimilar one
was gathered the preceding year, fo that it appears to be an annual.
28th June. Woolhope, Hereford fh ire, and in a yew tree, near Kid-
derminfler. Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. I. Pileus pale yellow or buff, thick, tough, elaftic, tiled
Bolt. 7S.—Battar.3^. B.—Sckceff. 132.— ib. 131, its young pulpy Jlale.

Bol. conaceus. Huns.— Bol.tenax, Lightfoot.

In hollows on the trunks of trees. * * May— Sept

flujh

BOLE'TUS veluti'nus. Tubes brown yellow. Pores
pale brown. Pileus very irregular in fhape, covered with
a denie pile of a filvery grey colour.

Tubes bn^t gold colour, changing to brown yellow; ^ an inch

ong. Pores irregular in fize, angular, light greyifh brown,
apparently woolly. 00/ ,

Pileus a very large mis-fhapen mafs, covered with a ftiff plulhy
pile confining ofiupright hairs i of an inch high. Colour filvery
grty, changing to orange, and at length to black. Flejh feveral
inches thick, chocolate coloured, with a rich red tinge, juicy. In
t e younger ftate of the plant the pile on the pileus confifts of
all colours from pale yellow to deep brown orange, and when

magnified

BOLETUS. Stemlefs. 4^

magnified appears covnpofedof ftars radiating from a center. It is

very' beautiful feen through an eye glafs, but its beauty is foon

deliroyed on account of its tender juicy ftate.

On trees, at EdgbaRon, 061. 1790; on the trunk of a fallen oak
which had been ftripped of its bark about 3 years ago, near Beoley,
jn Worcefterlhire, Auguft, 1792.

Var. I. Tubes yellow, fringed. Pileus covered with a black or

brown fhag.

Bull. 493. — Bolt. 1 61. — Battar. 33. D. E. F. G. H.

Thick, Helhy, foft, juicy. Tubes t inch long, yellow. Pileus 4
inches by 7 ; fiefh 2 to 3 inches thick.— Confias of i very large lobe,
growing out of the upright trunk of an afh. It is very thick in
proportion to its width. Pileus, its upper fide very convex, of a
Inuffor brown colour, very fhaggy ; it confifis of a thick Ikin or
coat ; border deep, furbelowed, projedling downwards confiderably
below the flat porous furface underneath. Flelh woody, tough.

Tubes near an inch long. Pore$ very minute, bright fnuff colour.

Mr. Stackhouse.

Var. 2. Tubes and pores golden yellow, irregular. Pileus fhaggy,
golden yeUow to orange brown.

Bolt. 1 64.

Tubes F of an inch long. Pileus lobed, tiled. Flejh white, lea-
thery. Bolton.

Crows on the grojmd, under oak. trees.

« 4F « » «

Tubes greea.

BOLE'TUS ignia'rius. (Linn.)— Tube.s green, grey,
red, or brown. Pores yellowifh changing to red blown,
very fine. Pileus fhaped like a horfe’s hoof, fmooth,

blackifh. — • , r r •

FI. dan. 953, in a younger ftate, Bull. 82, and 491, t. t. in an

older ftate; iisiinitsyaungerftates.—Schcsff.iSj; i^S.-rScop.

Jubt.22. I and 2. — Battar. 37. E. Trog. 940.

Bol. acaulis pulvinatus laevis, poris tenuiffimis. Linn.

Tubes of different lengths, greenifh, or greyifh red brQ\TO. Pileus
erey brown, convex, tiled, center deprefled. Linn.— Vaiw very
flejider, equal, colour of tanned leather, in old plants ftratihed, a
frefh layer being added every year. Pileus very hard, rubbing to a
polifh, marked with concentric bands or ridges,, each broad i idp
indicating the growth of a year, and 3 or 4 fmall ones that of tte
different feafons of the year ; varying extremely m colour. Pim
fibrous. M.Bulliard.— Size, from 2 toy or 8 inches, over.

Trunks of trees,

touchwood

Yol. UL

2 E

Va,r.

425

CRYPTOGAMI A. Fungi.

Var. I. Surface not fo hard, not rubbing to a polifli. Flefh like
cork, not fibrous.

Bull. 401. — Bolt. 80. — Schieff. 106. — Toum. 330.

Var. 2. Circular or elliptical and ftratified in a cylindricaj for-m.

Pores downy.

Defcription and drawing from Mr. Stackhoufe, who found it on
cherry trees, Powick, Worcefter.

On various kinds of trees. I have chiefly feen it on the cherry
and the plumb.

It is made ufe of in Germany and fome parts of England for
tinder. The Germans boil it in ftrong lye, dr\^ it, and boil it again
in a folution of faltpetre. The Laplanders burn it about their
habitations in order to keep off a fpecies of the Gadfly which is fatal
to the young rein d^er. It has been ufed to ftop the bleeding from
arteries after amputations. Phil. Tranf.vol.^S.p. 588. For this purpofe
the hard outer part is cut off, and the foft inner fubftance is beat
with a hammer to make it ftill fofter. It is beft when gathered in
Aug. or Sept.

ttn^er *BOLE'TUS fomenta'rius. (Linn.)— Tubes fea
green. Pores circular, equal. Pileus white, convex, thick
at the edge, uneven. —

Bol. acaulis pulvinatus inaequalis obtufus, poris teretitus aequa-
libos glaucis.

Exacffly refembling a horfe’s hoof, white above, hardly villofet
Pores numerous, roundifh. Serves for tinder. Linn.

Trunks of trees. Jan.— Dec.

^ Huds.— Colour uniform. Ray fyn. 24. n. 15.

On the trunk of an elm tree.

This is inferted as Englilh on the authority of Mr. Hudfon.

1327. HYD'NUM.

Fun^s hor^ontal, hedge hogged underneath, with awL
Ihaped fibres.

Ess. Char. Fungus horizontal, hedge hogged underneath.

Obs. Thefe awl-lhaped bodies which Linmeus compares to the
pnc " es o a ^ ge hog, are folid, conical, or cylindrical fubilances,
emitting feeds from every part of their furface. Bulliard.

HYD'NUM aurifcalp'ium. With a fiem. Pikus
lemi-circular, Linn.— /o/itehme; circular. Lightf. 1042.

‘ Curt.

42?

M Y D N U M.

Curt. ill. ^2,— Bolt. 90. — Schceff. 3. 2.-^Mch. 72. 3,

cop. in Gkd. 3. Boletus f. 5." — Buxb. i. 57. i.-^Buxb.hal. i.row
2. 3,/). 129.

May it not be only a variety of H. imbricatum. Linn.— This
f-legant little plant which is excellently defcribed by Curtis, is con-
flantly to be found in Norfolk and Suffolk, in ^iiie groves on a gra-
velly foil, of a fufficient age to bear cones plentifully. On fhefe, in
a ftate of decay, and on no other part of the plant have I found this
Hydnum. Mr. Woodw.\rd. — Stem folid, brown, tapering upwards,
rather hairy, to 2 inches high, thick as a crow quill. Pileus kid-
ney fhaped, brown, faintly marked with ecuacentric .ftripes, fora,e-
y.’hat hairy', from i-gd to i of an inch over. PricJiks greying, coni*
cal, pointed.

Under fir trees at Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr. Stacjchous.e. — On
old rotten cones, and decayed branches and leaves of firs lying half
buried in the ground. In a fmall plantation of Scotch pines, called,

Hardy’s Grove, near Norwich. Rose, t^.-'-[Pine Groves, frequent.

Mr. Woodward.] Sept. Odt.

HYD'NUM coralloi'des, (Scop.)— Stem whitifh, very coral
much branched. Branches flatted, the ends bent dowri.

Dicks. 19.

Tl. dan. 450. — Bdl. ^go.-Schceff. 142. — Mich- 64. 2. — Cluf.. app-
all. 18, repr. in Ger. em. 1582. 4'; and cop. in Park. 1323. 24;
and imit.iu Sterb. 27. G, atp. 244, and pojfibly in Bear. 1256,

1257? . ' ^ ■

Large, fitting, tufted and branched, yellow white, not leathery.

Prickles flender ; branches towards the ends pendant. When young
very like a cauliflow'er. Bulliard. — Stem branched, flefhy, white;
branches roundifh, tlfick, nearly horizontal, dividing into other
fmaller branches, the extremities very much fqb-divided.
none. PncWeiawl-fliaped, crooked, parallel and bundled. Sch/eff.

Hollow trunks of trees near Uxbridge. Aug.

HYD'NUM erina'ceus. (Bull.) — Almoft ftemlefs, kedge^hog
he^rt-fliaped, pendant, whitilh. Prickles tiled,' at ^tjie
ends a\Vl-lhaped, yellovvifh brown. Dicks, ii. 24. ’

Bull. ^^.-^Bupeb. i. 56. 1 .

Pileus convex, whitifh, or y'ellowifh, not leathery, i to 3 inches
over. Prickles very long, yellowdfh, tiled, hanging down to .tl}e
depth of 2 or 3 inches. Generally fithng, but fometimes tvhen
growing in a deep cleft, its bafe is elongated fo as to fojrti a kind of
ftem. Bulliard.

On old trees.

2 £ 2

HYD'^

42S

CRYPTOGA MIA. Fun?!.

o

fiomr- PIYD'NUM Jiorifor'mc. (Sgh^eff.) — Stem black at
the bafe, woody or leathery. Pileus turbari-ilraped, vel-
vety, purplifli. —

$ch(cff. 146, and 147. /. 2— 6.— Ew/?. 450. a.— Mr. Woodward alja
aulhorijes me to refer to the following fgures.^Batfch. 221. 222.
— MfcL 72. 4. 7. — (Bull. 156, Jeems to be only a variety of this
fpecics.)

Stem fwollen at the bafe, covered with a thick v/oolly down, and
blackifh ; fubftance like cork, verj^ elaflic when prefTed. Frequently
? or more plants united at the ftem and fometimes the pileus s are
alfo united. Pileus at firft flat, or very flighfly convex, afterwards
concave, covered with a fine down refembling velvet to the eye and
to the touch ; of a fine ath colour, foon turning to reddifh purple,
and at length black. Prickles fhort, numerous, covering the inverfely
conical body of the pileus quite to the ftem. Mr, Woodward.—.
Firft publifiied as an Fnglifh plant by Mr. Dickfon, fafc. i. ig, to
whom it was communicated byMr. Woodward.-^Thegenerallbape
is conical, f to i inch diameter at the bottom, and 15 103 inchcsover
at the top. Stem red brown. Pileus when young, lopped, white,
fet \vith fbining particles; when older convex but flattifh, affuming
a gold colour, at length concave and fcaly. Prickles tiled, pale red,
ScHiEFl'ER.

liarfham wood, Bupgay, Suffolk, but rare. Mr. Woodward.

'Mmott H Y D 'N U M imbrica'tum. Prickles pale red brown,
Pileus red brown wdth darker fcales. Stem pale red brow'ii
or brownifli white. —

Hydn. ftipitatum, pileo convexo imbricato. Linn. '

Pi7ew pale flefti colour ; unequal. Prickles vehitUh. fmooth,
whitilh, flefh colour.

Bull. ^og. — FI. dan. ij6. — Schcejf. 140. — Hediv. ih. 37. 212, q
prickle, 2 1 3 fe^ds, 2 1 4 threads with cldves from the Jlem,
•—Pet.gaz. 92. iG. — Batjch. 43.

Prickles^ red yellow, Pikus convex, fiefhy, pale brown, deprefled
IP the center, fcaly; fcales blackifh, raifed, pointed. Schaffer.

Var. I. Pileus, edge turned inwards, Stem whitifh.

Sch^ff. 273.

Var. 2, Prickles whitjfli. Pileus pale flefh colour, fmooth,

Mich. 7P. 2.

pileui pale flclh colour, unequal. Prickks whitifh. Stem fmooth,
white with a tinge of flefh colour. Tl.fuec.

Woods near Maidftone, Kent. [About Bungay, not uncommon.
Mr. WqodwaHP.]

9

H YD',

n E L V £ L L L A. 429

HYD'NUM repan' dum. Prickles and pileusbrownifh fmooth
yellow. Stem paler. Pileus convex, fmooth, waved at
die edge.—

Hydnum ftipitatutn, pileo convexo laevi flexuofo. Linn.

BuU. 172. — Bolt. 8g.-^5'cA<^. 318 and 141. FI. dan. ^10. JViicL
72. ^.^Vcnll.por. 6. 7. 8, which the drawing diflinclly jhaw
to be a Hydnum. * ’

Pileus otten 6 or 7 inches diameter, with a Ihort ftem, exaAIy
tcfembling the figure of Bulliard. Mr. WooDWARO.^Firm, flefhy,
brittle, tawny yellow. Stem fhort, whitifh. Pileus convex, waved
at the edge. Bulliard.— PrieWer bright cinnamon colour,
flanting, fometimes cloven, foft and brittle. Pileus flat, fmooth,
cinnamon colour. Fleflr white. Stem often fafciculated, pale
tinnamon, cylindrical. Bolton.— P:7«« dcpreiTed in the center,
crooked, much bent down at the fim, leathery, dirty white or buff-.

Stem lateral, crooked, Ihort, horizontal or inclined. Pnckles nume-
rous, crooked, decurrent, brownilh. Mr. Stackhouse.

Woods about Bungay, not uncommon. Mr. Woodward.—

Near Haughwood, Herefordlhire, in a hollow road. Mr. Stacku.

Se£)t.

Var. 1 . Prickles white. Pileus and Hern yellow white.

Bolt. 88.

Prickles r to 4 lines in length. Pileus fmooth, convex, fometimp3
lobed and gafhed at the edge, flefhy, brittle, about 3 inches over. ,

&m3incheshigh,i to I- inch diameter; brittle. Bolton. ^

In a deep narrow lane near Halifax. Sept. Uttj

HYD'NUM min'lmum. (Bolt.)— Sitting, tawny, \ed]t

Woody prickles upright. —

Bolt. 1 71.

.Semi-globular, adhering by its bafe to rotten wood, folitary or
crowded, dry, tough, leathery or woody, grey with age, i-iolh tp
inch over. Flefli white. Bplton.

On a piece of rotten oak.

1330. HELVEL'LA. Turban-top.

A Fungus fmooth above and underneath.

E'is. Char. Smooth on both fides. Seeds on the under

furface.

3E3

HLL:

430

C R Y P T O G A M I A. Fungi*

_ 1 7 • lOj' 'mis. (Bolt.) — Stem cylin-

cirical, white. PileushemifphericaJ, white.

Boh. 98. 1.

Stem i an inch high, not thicker than a pin. FileuI, the fize of a
rape feed. Grows tingle or in clutters. Bolton.

Woods in moift and fhady parts about the roots of trees, under
motTes. About Halifax.

purled

Jlriated

- Stem femi-tranfparent,

libbed, grooved. Pileus, lobes growing to the Hem. —

Helvella pil9o deflexo adnato lobato difformis, Linn.

Bull. 1^66 mid. i go. — Schaff.ig^, 282, 162, 160, 161, 159, 322.
— Ph dan. 1 1 6 and 8^^.-.r.Mich. 86. 7 and 8, cop. in Gled. 2 . Eluela
f. s-—Battar. 3. B, G.

When old turns quite black, which is the reafon why Schaffer
has nguredit fo many times. Mr. Woodward.— It is extremely
yaiiable, the Item from ■§ to 2 inches diameter, from 1 5 to 4 or 5
inches high ; the colour from that of colourleis horn to pearly, to
brown and almoft to black. The pileus not lefs variable in fhapc
and fize than the flem. The fpecimens before me may be defcribcd
thus : Stem or rather a bundle of ftems, about 3 inches high, nearly
pellucid; connected together by places, often ferpentine, ribbed
and grooved ; from i to 2 inches diameter. Pileus covering feveral
flema united together, rather brovvniiTi, thin; brittle and tender;

hanging over. Its under furface feems granulated, and i? of a pale
brown. ^

Near Bungay, but rather rare. Mr. Woodward.— Clofe to the
\^11 by the upper Stew, at -Edgbafton. Au^.— Nov]

_ H E L y E L'L A caryopItxUa'a. (Dicks.)— Almoft fit-
ting, leathery, in clufters. .Pileus funnel -ihaped, cut at

the eage, brown, with flock-like radiated fcores.

Bull. 483. 6. 7, aiid 2y8.~r-Sch<eff. ^25.— Batfch. 121.— Willd.

7-

Grows folitary or in clufters; leathery. Fileiis funnel-fhaped,
brown, marked with concentric circles and radiating lines of darker
and lighter ftiades of colour, varioufly cut and jageed at the edge,
near y I inch over. Stem tapering downwards, folid, brown, often
crooked, thicker and lopped at the root, frequently eccentric, i-d
of an inch high, half as much in diameter, Sch.ckfer.

On the ground in plantations of firs near BungaV, Suffolk. Mr
Woodward ih Z);W.-^[Near the ground dn the Infide of a turf
wall inclofing a plantation of firs near Ampthilfi Bedfordihire
oppose Lord Offory’s park on the right of tfe road to Wooburn!
Mr. Knapf.] HEL

H E L V E L L A. - 4a?

HELVEL'LA cartUagin'ea. (Bolt.)— Stem very gnjlly

flioit. Pileus convex, fl'-ittilh, fcarlet, fmooth.

Bolt. loi. I.

This plant is firm, griftly, femi-pellucid ; the colour deep orange,
orfcarlet. 5;em folld, very flrort. Pito fmooth, rather flippery ;
border thin. Bolton.

On old walls and rocks among mofs.

HELVEL'LA farcoi'des. Almofl ftemlefs. Pileus purple

of various lhapes, purple. —

Bolt. loi. 2.—Schcef. 323 and 324..— jfacq. mifc. 11. 22.—BU.I.

499- 5- — Sutjch. 53. n. . r i-j

Gelatinous ; generally growing in clufters. Stem very fliort, fohd,

varying much in fliape, purplilh ; fometimes none. Pztoii purple,

variable, hemifpherical, or funnel-lhaped, or like a flower ; lobed,

or plaited, or curled. Sch/EFFER.— This dubious plant has been

arraneed by different authoia as a Lichen, as an Helvella, as a

Peziza, and as a Tremella. Not having particularly examined it

I fubmit its lituation to the opinion of Mr. Dickfon, not however

without a difpofition to believe that M. Bulliard will be found right,

in conlidering it as a Tremella,

• Apr. Dickson.

On rotten wood, r

H ELVEL'LA clava'ta. (Sch,eff.)— Plant yellow.

Pileus doping. Stemfomewhat corapreffed. Dicks, i. 19.

Sch^Jf. 1 49.— Mich. 82 . 2.—Vaill. 13.7- 8 and 9.

Plant foft, flelby, folitary or in clufters. Pdeus yellow, ovaJ,
comprcffed, flanting, uneven at the edge,, near i inch long and ^ an
inch broad. Stem folid, yellow, fwollen the bafe, tapering up-
wards, I i inch high, I -3d inch diameter at the bafe, i-6th at the

Woods in Autumn.— Pendarvis, Cornwall. Mr, Stackhouse.

HELVEL'LA au'rea. (Bolt.)— Stem fliort, yellow, golden
Pileus umbrella-like, gold coloured.—

Bolt. g8. 2. j /• I'j

Stem i-ioth to 2-ioths of an inch high, tapering downwards, folid.

• PiL convex, flattifli, thin at the edge, golden yellow above, paler
un^neath. i of an inch over. The plant is bnttle. watery apd

w2y places on fficks and dents of plants.

HELVEL'LA fibuUJbr'mis. (Bolt.)— Stem lliort, button
black. Pileus rather convex, yellow ; dufky blac un e^^-
nealh. —

qlub

43^

verdigris

C R Y P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

Bo/g 17C.

Am folid firm a line in length. Kte gently eonves, but flat
at the top, hard, fmootli, flippery, hardly i of an inch over. Bolt.

of a ftretm"'^^ fprinklings

Wil^n ft ^ fra^/no'/^;. (Order.) Jl. dan. ix. 7.

—With a ftem ; very Imall, bright green. Pileus of vari-
ous lhapes. Dicks. 11. 24.

FI, dan. 534. 2.

Hardly a quarter of an inch in height.

On rotten wood.

crevii^ ^Pii ^ ^ (Sch^ff.)— Stem hollow,

j^reyilh. Pileus inflated, angular, plaited, blackifli

Bull. 242. Bolt. g^.^Schceff. 320.

5/m dufky white, orgreyilh, hollow, uneven, twilled and fur-

rowed 2 to 4 inches high, thick as a goofe or raven quill. Fikus

pale olive to dark footy colour, brittle, thin, very irregular in its

ftape, deprefled into angles and lobes, i to 2 inches over. ScHaEfr.

Bolt. Bull.— S/m flenderer than in the H. mitra, not cavernous

together. Pendarvis, Corn-
wall. Mr. Stackhouse.

Moill woods and hedges, not common.

Woods. A '

Aug.— Oc^.

Jooty

AURICULA'RI A.

Ess. Char. Flat, membranaceous, fixed by its whole under
ide, but becoming detached and turning up with
If,'. ■ ^^^‘^^^^rged llowlv from what wSs the

furface maturity the under

he ubftance on which they grow, the upper lurface being fmooth,

a f ^ the purpofe of

the attachment formed by thefe
fihr .s l^fens, and the plant turns up more or Icfs, but remaiL ftil!
tached in lome one part, either central or lateral. The fmooth

upper

433

'AURICULAR! A.

upper Me is now become the under one ; and from this the feeds
arc difcharged. The fibrous furface, now uppermoft, continu^

Shaggy or woolly, often becomes ftreaked or zoned in concentric
ftripes, and frequently aflumes a variety of colours. A procefe
fimilar to this takes place in fome of the ftemlefs Agarics and Boleti,
as mentioned before.

AURICULA'RIA (Bull.)— Perennial, rujly-red
leathery, thin, zoned above, fmooth underneath, but
pimpled ; brown nifty red. —

Bull. 378. — Bell. sa. d. — Mich. 66. 2. .

Grows very much tiled. The zones more apparent on the upper
than on the under furface, about i or it inch wide, and half as
much in breadth. M. Bulliard obferves that if a portion of the
under fide be difieded from the upper coat, it appears perforated
in the microfeepe.

Helvella rubiginofa. DtCKSOlw'.

Ray fyn.p. 22. n. 5, who deferibes it as6incheswide and abroad.

Common on old piles, &c. near the ground. P.

AU R I C U L A'R I A nicotia'na. (Bolt.) — Annual, tobacco
thin, flexible, curled and lobed at the edge ; pale ruft
eolour, with a yellow border. —

Belt. 174.

From I to 2 inches over; nearly fiat. Upper furface foft, fmooth,
but uneven. Undjir furface veined, wrinkled, naked. Bolton.

On dry wood, and decayed branches of trees. Feb.

AURICULA'RIA papyri'na. (Bull.)— Annual, btiffy '
membranaceous, foft, zoned and woolly above, {inooth
underneath, but pitted when old.

Bull. 402.

It varies greatly in fize according to its age, from i to 4 or 5
inches over. When young the edges are fringed, when old fcolloped
and lobed. The upper furface is greyifii white, the under bulf
coloured and cellular. Bulliard.

Mr. Robfon, of Darlington, authorifes me to infert this as an
Englifh fpecics.

On the decaying trunks of trees.

AURICULA'RIA corticaT:s. (Bull.) — Leathery, pek
.thin, fmooth, white above, pale brown underneath.—

Bull. 43G. X.

Spreading

434

CR YPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Spreading flat on the dead flicks to which it adheres ; brown white
loft to the touch, pitted or puflular almofl like fome of the foliated
Liche^ The pile on the under furface by which it adheres, brown-
ilh. The edges turn up on every fide, fo that when its fi<xure is
arcular it appears raifed and fixed by its center like a flemlefsPeziza.
The circular pieces from i to ■§ inch diameter ; the oblong ones from
2 an inch or more in width, to 5 or 6 inches in length.

On decaying peafticks lying on the ground, not uncommon. Aug.

t^oolfy AURICULA'RIArAv'.. (B„LL.)-PerenniaI,
leathery, thin, woolly and zoned above, fmooth under'
neath. —

BvlL 274 rttid 483. I. 2. 3. 4.— Bolt. 82. a. C. L e.

^ Subflance tough, cutting like hard leather, or cork. Often grows
tiled. Upper furface like plufli, varying from pale buff to deep yel-
low, when fully grown marked with zones of various colours as
green, grey, buff, yellow, purple, brown. Under furface (whilft
young, the upper one) fmooth, varying in colour from pale buff to
deep yellow. From i to 2 inches wide, and about half as much in
breadth. From the ftems of grafs and other fubflances with which
It IS often perforated, it is clear that it muft have had a gelatinous
conliflence m its younger flate.

Ray fyn. p. 21. n. 2.

Helvella viilofa. Relhan. — Boletus auriformis. Bolton.— Hel-
yellaacaulis. Hudson.

H. pineti. Linn, is a different plant. Does not perhaps agree verv
ve witi t e genus Helvella, but as it has no appearance of pores
even when magnified it has no pretenfions to be arranged 'as a
uoletus. Mr. Woodward.

Oil flumps of trees and rotten wood, f On old flumps of trees in
woods, frequent. Mr. Woodward.] p, j^p. Dec

gelatinous AURICULA'RI A freme/Wer. (Bull.)— PerenniaJ.
bubflance cartilaginous but gelatinous ; woolly, fpon^v
grey brown above,.fmooth, pitted, violet coloured uil'
derneath. — •

Bull. 2§0.— Bolt. 172. — Mtch. 66. 4.

M. Bulliard obferves that though it is moflly a portion of a circle,
yet fometimes the two edges unite, forming a cornucopia. Moflly
about 2 inches one way, and half as much the other. — Mr. Bolton
obferves that his fpecimens were not cellular on the outfide as repre-
fen ted by M. Bulliard.- Varioufly fcolloped, of a dull violet feent
not diiagreeable, fomewhat refembling that of the MoieU. Ray.—
The under furface often with a bloom of a pale blue like that on

3 plumbs.

435

P E Z I Z A. .

plumbs. Gebtinous underneath. Mr. Knapp. — Begifis gro’wi'hg
with the fmooth furface upwards, but the edge afterwards 'turns
pver, and then it grows tiled to a great extent, in the manner of
Boletus verficolor. It is a veiy common plant, and though men-
tioned by Ray, is not noticed in Hudfon. Mr. Woodward.

Helvella melenterica. Dickson. — Tremella corrugata. Relh.
n. 898, according to Mr. Dickfon fafc. ii. 28.

On rotten wood and ftumps of trees. [On the earth at the edges
of fawpits, and at the bottom of gate pods. Mr. Knapp.]

A. Jan.— Dec. Relu.— OcTt. Nov. Mr. Knapp,

P E Z I ' Z A.

a

Ess. Char. Concave. Seeds on the upper furface only 9
difcharged by jerks.

A. With Stems.

"PEZrZA niv'ea. (Dicks.) — Stem very fliort. Pileus
fnow white, funnel-1 haped. Hall. n. 2. 239.

Hedw. Jlirp. ii. 22. B. — Mick. 86. 15.

The young plants with their fnow-white foft hairs contradled into
a kind of globe refembling a Clathrus. Dickson. ^ Not bigger than
half a hemp feed, and fnow white. Mr. Stackhouse. — About
i-iothof an inch in height, and the pileus nearly as much in breadth,

Qn trunks of dead trees. Dickson. — Rotten wood and fticks.
Relh.— [On mofs on the trunks of apple trees ; Powick, Worceftcr.

Mr. Stackhouse.] Aug.-— Sept.

P E Z I ' Z A punBa'ta. Turban-fhaped, lopped, the dotted
difc of the pileus dotted. Linn.

Bull. 252. — Bolt. 127. 2. — f7. dan. 288.

Seeds contained in pores, from whence they are thrown with an
claftic force. Gled. cited in Linn. fuec. n. 1275. — The black dots
confiding of feeds hnmerfed in the fubftance of the plant. Linn. —

Sim black, i to ^ inch high, tapering doWnwariJs. Vileus an expan-
lion of the upper part of the ftem, concaVe, white, with black dots,
i to i inch diameter. Subfiance dry, tough and elaflic. Bull.

Bolt. — Mr. Woodward thinks this may more properly rank as a
Sphsria ; and obferves that it is very common about Bungay,

On horfe and cow dung, and dry dung-hills.

May— OA. Hobs,— Winter and Spring. Bolt.

' . PE-

436

tup

flalked

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

P E Z I ' Z A acetah'ulum. Stem fliort. Pileus gIafs-<

liiaped ; angular on the outfide ; with branching veins. >

Bull. 485. ^.—Vaill. 13. i.^Mkh. 86. i.-fScb^ff. 150, and V55,
nr e P. cocHeata;— 1^6 is a different fpecies.J

The largeft of the Genus; thin, brittle, friiooth, trahfparent like
wax. Stem woody, brown, fhort, branching up the bafe of the pileus,
folid, nearly half inch long, and f diameter. Pikus 2 or af laches
over, greatly cupped fo as to refemble a goblet or bowl, f to
inch deep, waved at the edge, red brown within, pale brown with-
out. Sometimes without the angular branchings from the root.
Bulliard. Nearly allied to P. cochleata, the external veins and '
the regular form conftituting the principal differences. It grows near
Bungay, but is not fo common as the P. cochleata. Mr. Wooow.

On rotten wood in hedges and woods, rare. Sept. May.

(Huds.) — Stem cyiindricaJ.
Pileus llightly concave, brown, hairy on the outfide.—
Bolt. g6. — Scbceff. 167.— ig6.

Mr. Bolton’s figure well as to its habit, but the hairinefs on the
outfide not expreffed. Mr. Woodward — Stem folid, brown, 2 to
3 inches high; thick as a crow or a goofe quill, rather tapering up-
wards. Pileus thin, brittle, femi-tranfparent, brown, gently con-
cave, woolly on the outfide, 1 to 2 inches over.

Woods near Guildford. Hods.— Woods below Highfield 3 miles
from Halifax. ^ ^

tuberous PEZI Z A tuhero'fa, (Dicks.) — Stem growing at the
bale to a blackifh fungous tuberous fubftance. Pileus
nearly bell-fhaped, brown without, paler within.

Bull. 485. ^.^Hedw. Jlirp. ii. 10. B.
unequal, buried up to the head within the foil. Dicks.—
One to 2 inches high, thick as a crow quill, pale buffy brown.
Pi7ew5 funnel-ftiaped, buffy brown within, darker brown on the out-
fide, I -3d of an inch high, and -lor move in diameter. Root fixed to a
black brown mafs, feemingly a dead root of the Anemone nemerofa.
Hedwig.— if inch high, rather thinner than a crow quill,
Pileus wide lunnel-lhaped, 4 of an inch over. Bulliard.

In graffy fpots in woods, near London.

rooted PEZI ZA radlca'ta. (Dicks.) — Stem {lender, tapering
downwards ; Pileus brown, hemifpherical, fmooth. Roo\
fimple, with minute fibres. —

Bull. 485. 2. fReichard, in Bejeh der Berlin, gefellfch. 3. p. 214. t.
4-/*. 5* 6, on the authority o/Mr. 'Dichjon.)

Thin,

P E Z I Z A. 437'

Thin, brittle, fmooth. Stem {lender, i inch long, furnllhed with
e fibrous root. Pikus yellow brown, ^ to i inch over, concave, {b^l'
low. Bulliard.

In w'oods, taking deep root in the ground,

PEZrZA minu'tula. Stem brown, very fliort. Pileus pxi
bro’.vn, nearly flat. —

i'remnot quite i-20th of an inch in height, and {lender in propor-
tion. Pilous about as much in diameter, nearly flat, the edge a little
turned up, not hairy.

On a decaying flick, Edgbaflon, ^7^ OV. 179°'

P E Z rZ A cupula'ris. Stem very fiaort and thick. fcoHopet^
Pileus more than femi-globular, bell-lhaped, pale butt,
fcolloped at the edge. —

Ba/hSgfi. ^.—Vaill ii. i. 2. ^.—Mich. 86. 2.

The diftinguifhing marks of this fpecies, are the fcolloped edge,
and the greyifh colour of the outer furface. Mr. Woodward. •

Stem i of an inch high, and half as much in diameter. Sometimes
there is no ftem . Pileus pale buff, thin, tranfparen t, fcolloped at the
edge, fhaped like the cup of an acorn; about i inch diameter.

Shrubbery', in moify turf by the fide of the gravel walk, pear t te
houfe at Edgbaflon, ■*

, P E Z rZ A undula'ta. (Bolt.)— Stem hollow, g^adit- waved
ally expanding into a funnel-thaped pileus, red yellow
and veined on the outfide, rich brown within.—

Bull. ^61. ^Sckieff. 157’ z.—Bolt. 105. 2.— Mich. 82, 2.—

Plant' aboi^^inch high, Pileus i of an inch over, marked with
a few almoR imperceptible veins on the outfide, fmooth within,
waved and curled at the edge.

plant extremely well, and calls it an Helyella ; but out of the nume

Jous figures in the 157* plate. Mr. Bolton

though Schxffer makes no diflmdlion, Batfch refers . . r j£

plate, without reflriclion, as his Agaricus aurora ^

• has figured, though indifferently, pi. 9. f. 36- , Bulimd calls it
Helvella tubieformis, and makes alfo an unlimited reterenc
Schitffer i s7- The plants reprefented by M. Bulliard are muc 1
hrger tharf Aofe of Mr. Bolton, and the gill-Uke veins much more
diftindly marked. The plant of Micheli, who alfo refers to »

t abote! is deferibed as Uing a greenifh pileus, fo that it is pr ba
bly a variety, On the wholeM believe this fpecies nei^er^an

438

CRYPTOGAM I A. Fungi,

Agaric, an Helvella, nor a Peziza, but
Genus Merulius.

In woods, but not common.

more properly belongs to the

Ocfi.

fcarJet .PpI'ZA cocd^ea. Stem buff. Pikus glafs-fliaped,
crimlon within, buff on the outfide. ^

pull. 467. Bolt. 10^.— Walcot, P. cyathoides.-^ Jacq. ft. iGq.
Sattar. 3. K O.—Penn. Wales.— Mich. 86. 5.

Root fhort, white within. Stem folid, from i-ioth to i inch hi^h •
thick as a crow or a goofe quill. Pileus thin, cupped, rather elaftic,
but brittle, deep carmine colour within, buffy underneath, with
jnealy granulations. ’

Peziza epidendra. Bull.

On rotten fticks in woods and wet hedge bottorr^. [With a North
or Eaftexpofure. Mr. Woodward.] '' Spring— Autumn.

Var. I. Irregularly cupped, border waved, fcarlet within, buffy
®r whitifh brown on the outfides, ftem none, but a hard, black
knotty root. ’

Bull. 474. — Bolt. 100. — Sch^f. 148. ^ FI. dan. 647. 2.
—Batjeh. 158.

Shaped like a butter-boat. Mr. Stack house. —This plant is rfioft
excellently figured by Bolton. The colour is ufually a bright deep
orange above, and a dirty orange or yellow beneath, in which it dif-
fers from Bolt. 104, which is always a rich fcarlet within, and white
andfilvery without.^ It differs alfo in being irregular in fliape, never
cup-lhaped,. except when very young, whilft the other is always
exadfly cup-fhap^, and Hands on a fhort pedicle. W^hether Mr.
Hudfons cyathoides be the elegant and very uncommon plant
figured by Bolton 104, feems doubtful, neither Dillenius’s fig. nor
Ihort defeription in the Synop& at all elucidate the matter and it
certainly can never be called yellow. The firft of thefe is rather
fcarce, but the other is very common on decayed fticks under hedges
in the fpring. Mr. Bolton is certainly miftaken in afferting that his
104 never emits any powder from its internal furface, for I have

repeatedly by a flight irritation, caufed the mature plants to throw
out clouds of fmoak. It ought, therefore, according to his principles,

to have, been.placed with theHelvell*. Mr. Woodward.— ThinW

more Spreading and more irregularly cupped than tlie preceding •
fomctimes quite fitting, with a fmall, nearly central root ; fometim^
the root a pretty large black knob, and fometimes it forms a fhort
ftem.

Hevclla coccinea. BoLT.-r-Peziza coccinea. Bull.

On

P E 2 I Z A.

43^

On the eroiind, amongft gravel and road fidps ; when it refembleS
the moft feffile of the figures. I once found it on the flump of a
tree, with more of a ftem and lefs fpread out, forming the connexion
between the two varieties.

Alalvern Hill, and Coplar Hill, amongft wet mofs. Mr. Stackh.

Oc5l.

P E Z I'Z A tu'ba. Stem thread-fliaped ; border flat, trumpei
Plant yellow. —

Bolt. io6. I.

See Merulius tubseformis.

PEZrZA tnflex'a. (Bolt.) — Stem crooked. Pileus bended
funnel-lhaped, fringed at the edge, pale buff. —

Bolt. io6. 3. — Mick. 86. 13.

Stem white, pellucid, alw'ays bent. Pileus pale buff within, funnel-
-ftiaped, fringed at the edge. Whole plant about -k an inch high.

Bolton.

On rotten vegetables in damp places in woods and about rivulets.

t

PEZI'ZA ochroleu'ca. {BoLT.)---Stem black at the yellowljh
bottom. Pileus funnel-fhaped, dirty yellow within. —

Boll. 105. I. .

* Plant hard and leathery. Stem folid, black belqw, dufky yellow
above, near i inch high, thick as a large pin. Pil%us funnel-fhaped#

•ochrey yellow within, fmooth, even at the edge, about.^of aninch
over. Bolton.

Near Halifax in feveral places.

PEZI'ZA cyathoi'des. Stem fliort. Pileus yellow, /moof^
glafs-ftiaped, border blunt, upright.—

R.'fyn. 24. 4, a/p. 478.

Stem very fhort. Pileus flattifh, but flightly. concave, yellow, border
fmooth. Ray fyn. p. 18. n. 8.

On rotten wood. Aug.-»— April.

PEZI'ZA caJyc'ulus. (Batsch.)— Stem rather long, l{ttk<up
'ftrap-fhaped, firm, diftinftly inferted. Pileus concave,
hemifpherical, expanding. —

Bull. 416. ^.—Hedw. ftirp. ii. g. C.—Batjch. Mitch 86. 14.

The whole yellow. Stem 2 lines long. Pileus 2 lines \Vide.
'RELHAN.—^Itsrolour varies in different ftrades of yellow, and its

pileiis is either nearly flat, or cupped in various degrees of hollow-

nefs.

440

C R Y PT O G A MI A. Fungi.

iieis. The figure of Bulliard Is excellent, aijd he well obfefves that
it- grows upon the annual Ihootsof branches.

On rotten wood in Madingley plantations. Auguft.— On half
rotten flicks, Edgbafton, Odl.— On rotten wood. Nov. Dec. Mr-
Knapp.

hornbeam v P E Z TZ A fruaig'ena. (Bull.^— Stems (lender, taper,
ing, Piiei.\s (lightly concave ; pale yellow. — .

: . - Bull. 228. — Batfch, 150.

Opake, leathery, flelhy, funhel-fhaped. Stem 1 to f inch high,
tapering, downwards, often bent in different direolions. 'Pitiis
i-ioth to i-4th inch diameter, funnel-fhaped, but the hollow above
not deep.on account of the thicknefs of the flefh.

M. Bulliard fays he only finds it on the conaceus fruits, as acorns,
chefnuts, &c. and Batfch fays his grew on the feeds of a hornbeam ;
but though the fruit of fuch trees may be its more common nidus,
J found it growing in large cluflers on a rotten flick in the month
of 0(51. 1791. Mr. Relhan informed me, that he had found the
plant of Batfch in Madingley wood, but omitted to fay on what it

grew,

B. S T E M - L E S S.

Pileus pinky white,

P E Z I ' Z A al'bida, ' Stemlefs.

■ faucer-fhaped, quite fmooth. —

From to f of*an inch diameter ; whiltl [mail fhaped like a gob-
let, when full grown flat at the bottom but'the edge always turned
up like a faucer; perfectly fmooth, thin, femi-tranfparent, watery
white, with a tinge of pink within.'

On the cellar floor at Greenbank near Birmingham, in the joints
of the bricks, ' Sept.

eyelet

P E Z I'Z A margina'ta. •'Rzhnm.) — Stemlefs. Pileus
concave, brownifh ; edge flat, fomewhat fcolloped, fnow
white, —

Tl. dan. 779. i .

Very beautiful, when viewed by the naked eye very much refem-
blcs tlie fa'ucers oH Btcken Jubyitfci/Sf but exa'mined with a microfcope j
it refcmbles the eyelet holes of flays. Relh. — ‘From this defeription
I had fuppofed it might be the work of an infecfl, fimilar, except in
colour, to one which is frequently found upon oak leaves, but on
Hating this doubt to Mr. Relhan, he very obligingly fent me fpeci-
mens which at once convinced me it was a plant. It is not larger
than the head of a pin.

Onj

(t

tv

\

M

441

P E Z I Z A.

Or. decayed wood- at Whitwell) near Coton, CanlbridAefhit^i

Sept. Ocl.

P E Z PZ A Auric’ula, Stemlefs : Pileus brown, con- car

Cdve> wrinkled, Ihaped like an ear.* — '

EuU. 427. 2.—CIUS. ii. 276, repr. in Gcr. 1581, (mijprintei
1481.^ I, and cop. in J. B. iii. 841. i, and Sterh. 27. H. H.
at p. i, the ri^ht hand cop.

in Gkd. 2y the upper middle jig.- — Battar. 3. F, — Gars. 115. B.

— fFaiil. 1 1. 8, is P. cochkata.J

This is either a Pcziza or Helvella, and not belonging to Tre-
mella, which fhould be pertedlly gelatinous. Mr. Woodward.—

Wide fpreading, i to 2 inches over, foft but cartilaginous, fitting,
thin, fibrous and downy underneath, cupped, plaited, rcddifh brown.

Bl'lliard.

Tremella auricula. Huds.

On rotten wood. [On old ciders in gardens at Yarmouth. Mr.
Woodward.] , A. Sept. May.

Var» I . Dark olive colour;

Bolt. 107.

One to 4 inches oven Smooth above 5 grsnulated underneath.

Bolton.

On a willow tree.

PEZrZA cochlea! ta. Stemlefs; Pileus thin, brittle, wreathed
brown, large, concave, irregular, the Titles tearing and
•Ncurling in.—

Peziza turbinata, cochleata. Linn.

Bulls gi^.— Bolt. gg.—jfdcq.Piifi.ii. 17. i.—BatJch. 'ir^j.—5chccff.

274- 155- ^5°*

Sitting, hemifpherical, or ear-fliapcd, ot fpoon-fhaped, dark
blackifli broiVn above, white underneath, branching veins fliootixig
from the center. jAcauiN. — From t to 2 inches over, or rtiore,
femi-tranfparent, the form extremely variable, the edge cooped in,
cracking, tearing and then curling inwards. Varies in colour from
a dirty ftraw to brown, and fometimes purplifh. Mr. Bolton con-
fiders it as an Helvella, becaufe it emits its feeds in form of fmokc
or powder when irritated, but the Peziza’s pofTefs the fame pro-
perty; The real difference between them is, that in the Helvella
the feeds are ejedted from the under, in the Peziza from the upper
furface, as is v/ell pointed out by hi. Bulhard.~P. cerea 44- Bull,
and Helvella veficulofa. Bolt. 175. feem only varieties ot this.

Mr. Woodward. — I have found it with a ftem about i-ioth of an
inch in length ; thefe plants w'ere from -J to 2 inches over.

Vol. III. 2 F Woods,

hroxm

orange

Woods, on the ground, or on decayed branches of trees. [On a
dunghill near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse.— Rookerv, Edgbafton, on

Sept. Oa.-JuIy.

P E Z r Z A fus*ca. Stemlefs : Pileus concave, brown,
paleat the edge. Bolt. 109.

Bolt. log. 2.

Adhering by its whole outer furface, except the edge which Is

turned up ; thin and of a pale olive colour ; from i to near i inch
over. Bolton. “

In fevferal places about Halifax, on old dry dunghills.

PEZPZA /w/'ya. (Huds.)— Stemlefs : Pileus flat,
bolder turned m, fmooth, yellow or brown.

VaiU. 13. 14.— Ba//. 438. 3. and^yd. i.—R.Jyn.2^. 2, of p. ajB,

may be the. plant, but it is both figured and dejcribed as having no
cavity at all. ^ .

A line broad. Relh. n. 968.

On horfe and cow dung, and on gi-avelly foil. [On the bark of a

tree., Mr. Knapp.— About Bungay, common. Mr. Woodward.]

Pileus dark purple,

with a hollow dot in the center, ■ ^

^ Batjch. 138.,,

Subftance horny, colour very dark purple or tawny-liver-coloun
Pileus circular, or kidney-fhaped, with a hollow dot in the center
over where the root is fixed. Not more than i-20th of an inch ov^r

Batsch. Mr. Relhan lately informed me that he had found this
fpecies at Wood Ditton.

In woods on the ground amongft mofs. Autumn. Batsch.

vermilion PEZl'ZApmc'en. (B*TScn.)-Stemlefs : Rkus fla,. :
. but’lCSi-™’ P^>«-*eoutfide,edge .hict, i

Batjch. 220.

.Subftance hard and horny, thin, pale red, neither woolly nor
hairy, v/i.mlcled on the upper furface; brittle when dry.

Found by Mr Relhan amongft the leaves of the Bryum murale,

Svbaftr/ at

7th 0(ft. 1791.

liver- colour’d

P E Z I Z A.

443

^olt. io3. — Bull, lo, mid 438. 2. — Batfck. 54. — Hedw. Jlirp. li. 3,

A. I to y.—Sckajf. 284. — Ray Jyn. 24. 3, at />. 479. — Vaill 13.

13. — Mich. Q6. ig and ly.

Orange red within, buff on the outllde, hairy at the edge; about
about i-Sth or i-ioth of an inch over, when young like a goblet,
flatter with age, but the edge ffill turned up.

On cow dung, common ; alfo on rotten wood. Off.

Var. I. Smooth at the edge.

Bm?/. 438.3:

Stemlefs; orange coloured, nearly flat, not fringed at the edge, f
of an inch diameter!

On cow dung, and ariiongft mofs on a clayey foil, Edgbafton ,
common. , 4\ug. — Sept.

Var. 2. Pileus woolly and white on the outfide.

Bull. 410. 3.

M. Bulliard obfefves that the Pileus clofes ia dry and opens in wet
Watl>er.

Specimen, and a beautiful drawing of it fent to me by Mr. Knapp,
who found it on dead flicks in a wood in Buckinghamlhire!

PEZI' Z A vejiculo'fa. (Bull.]— Stemlefs; large, bladder bladder^
iltaped; t^in, brittle, dull yellow.—

Bull. 44, mid 457. i.—Bolt. 175. — Schceff. 280.

Nearly globular when young, the opening at the top enlarging aS
It grows older, but the edge is always turned in. The root is a
ilark coloured bard knotty fubflance. Th^ plant from 2 to 3 inches
diameter; of more, and nearly as triuch in height ; the fubflance
fraooth, moift, tender, brittle, dull ocHrey yellow within, paler with-
out, and the furface granulated. Bolton,— Approaches nearly to
the Peztza cochleata, but does not tear like that, and if accidentally
torn does not curl in fpirally, neither does it jerk out its feeds like
that. Bulliard. i

On the ground on toad lidcs, or oil dunghills!

Spring arid Autumnl

PEZI'ZA lanuglno^fa. Stemlefs; egg-fhaped; woolly woolly
without, fmooth and buff within.—

FI. dan. 779; d.

Tltis grows in large clufters, eacb plant when young and about the
fiae of a fmall pea, egg-lhaped, and entirely covered With pale brown
Wool on the outfide; the aperture at the top at firft fmall, fmooth,

I conical. Advancing in growth it becomes more flat, and open, fo
t as to form a deep faucer-flke cup, Subflance very, tough, and cuta

2 F 2 flke

444

C R Y P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

like Iinrd leather. Varies in fize from that of a pin’s head to ^ and
even half an inch diameter.

Peziza minuta. Dickson.

On half rotten flicks, Plantations, .Edgbaflon.

Sept, Odl.

hairy PEZI'ZA his’plda. (Huds.;*— Stemlefs ; Pileus hemif-
pnerical, brown and rough with hairs without, fmooth
and lea green within. —

Bull 20^.— Sclueff. 151.— J/. dmi. 656. u—Mich 86. 4, cop. in
Gled. 2 , Elvela, f. 8.

Stemlefs, folitary or in plufters, leathery. Pileus concave, hemlf-
pherical, blue white within, fmooth; brownifli and hairy on the
outfide, uneven and hairy at the edge; about ^ an inch over.
Schaffer.— The internal furface nearly white, and perfedllyi
fmooth; the external thickly fet with fhort, rigid, brownilh hairs.
Frequent near Bungay. Mr. Woodward.— Diameterfometimes as
much as 2 inches; it is thin, brittle,-femi-tranfparent, nearly flat,
but the edge turned up, and cooping in.

Moiflifh woods, hedges, and moift rotten wood, and gravel pits.

Sept. 0(fl.

green

PEZI'ZA vir'idis. (Bolt.) — ^Stemlefs;
cave, green, black at the edge.—

Pileus con

Bolt. 109. i.—BulL 376. 4.

The fize of a large pin’s head ; dark green, with a thick blac
border. Bolton.

On decayed oak leaves, and on rotten wood.

Dec.

blue

variable

PEZI'ZA caru'lea. (Bolt.)— Stemlefs : Pileus blue
irmged at th£ edge. —

Bolt. 108. 2.

Adheres to wet rotten wood by a fmall central root ; bright blu
above paler at tbe edge, and fringed wiih foft pale hairs ; black an
fmooth on the outfide; about i of an inch over. Bolton.

Under firs at Burk’s Hall near Halifax. Qcfl

PEZI'ZA polymor’pha. (Lightf.)— Stemlefs: Pileu

tmban-fliaped, h.ollow, flat or convex with age, wrinklet
on the outfide ; black above.— ^ wniijua

Pledw. E.—Batjeh. 50.— Bull 116. 460. i.—FL dan

^6^.—Schaff. ijS.—Hall emm. i. 8, at p. 21, repr. in hill. 48
8, at ni.p. lib. (Hpjjm. ve^. cryp. 2. f>. 2. Mr. Woodward.)

Some

445

N I D U L A R I A.

Sometimes foUtary, more frequently in clufters. When mature,
it emits a very fubtile black powder in great quantities from its
upper furface, though Hoffman fays the feeds are emitted from the
under furface, which is not analogous to any other fimilar plant.

It afterwards becomes more and more dilated and at length plane
or even convex with the edge rolled back, and in its lateft ftage
varioufly wrinkled and deformed. On old trees which have been
felled and are lying on the ground; frequent. Mr. Woodward.

Very well figured and defcribed by the authors quoted above.

Schicff. 153, alfo feems to be the plant in its unexpanded ftate. The
fubftance of the plant is very like the Caoutchouc or elaftic rubber,
but it is rather adhefive. The top is black and fhining like pitch.

The figure an inverted cone, an inch high, ■5’ of an inch diameter
at the bottom, i or i inch at the top, fiefhy, folid, brown on the
outfide.

Tremella turbinata. Hods. 563.

On the trunks and branches of fallen oaks. [On the decayed
branches of an oak; in Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse.' On the
flump of an oak, Hollowayhead-lane, near Birmingham,]

Sept. — April.

P EZ r Z A a'tra. Stemlefs ; concave, black. Huns. 637. black

On cow dung. Hods. — On rotten wood. Bolt, Aug, Mat,

N I D U L A ' R I A.

Ess. Char. Fungus leathery, bell-fliaped, fitting. Cap-
fules large, flat, fixed by pedicles at the bottom of
the bell.

Obs. Whilftthe plant is young it contains a clear gelatinous fluid,
and its orifice is clofed with a thin membrane which tearing as the
growth advances, the fluid evaporates and the feeds, or rather cap-
fules, then become vifible.

NIDULA'RIA campanula' ta. Bell-fliaped ; border bell-Jhaped
expanding ; fmooth, Ihining and grey within. Capfules
fmooth. —

Peziza (lenlifera) campanulata lentifera. Linn.

BulL 488.— Bo/f, 102. I. — Schaf iQo.—Vaill. ii. 6 and 7.

—Mich, 102, cyathoides i, cop. in Gled. 4 Pez.f. 3 and 5, — Pink,

184, 9, cop. in Pet. 107. g. — Battar. 3, /. K. L. M. — FI. dan,

469. I. — (Hojfm. veg. cryp. ii. 8. 2. Mr. Woodward.)

2 F 3 Stem-

446

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Stemlefs; inverfely conical, from to f of an inch high, and
nearly as much in diameter at the top. Brown on the outfide ;

lea herv ^ r. rT'. '"J'k " 1 Jubilance

Jeatheiy. Capfules fixed by threads to the infide of the bell.— Con-

fills of a grey mernbranaceous bell fhaped cup, rather downy on the

outfide; Its edge entire and refledled. Within it are contained

feveral comprefled circular bodies, filled with a gelatinous matter

and conne^ed with the cup each by a fine thread inferted into its

fiat fide. When thefe threads arc fixed near the edge of the cud '

the cafes fupporfed by them are found fufpended on its outfidV
Mr. Gough.

Woods, garden walks ^nd fields. [Frequent about Bungay. Mr,
Wo ODWARD.— Coplar Hill, fjerefordfhire, plentiful, Mr. Stag kh. j

^omcal NX DU L A'R I A flna'ta. Conical, woolly on the

outfide, fcored within. Capfules woolly underneath.

40. /l.—Bolt. 102. 2.~-Sch<sff. 178.— F/. 'dan. 780. r.
^ —MicA. 1 02, cyathoides, 2, cop. in Gkd. 4. Rziza f. i and 2.-.

Vaill. 11.^ and 5.— f HoJ' m. veg. cryp. il 8. Mr. Woodward.)

. Very woolly on the outfide, beautifully ftriated within,

P., lentifera ? Linn.

Woods, fields, and rotten wood. [.Earlhant Wood near Bungay,
Suffolk. Mr. Woodward.] Sept.— May,

NIDULA/RIA Conical but diftended, dirty
yellow, fmooth. Capfules fmooth.— ^

Bull /p B. C. C. and 488. 2.—Sckceff. 179, 181.— McL 102,
Cyathades, 3, cop. m Gkd. 4 Pezha f. ^.~Fl. dan. lo^.—Ray
I, 2, 6 ; and c, one of tkefe?d-lik? Jubjlances. (Hofffn. veg. pyp,

11- S,. 1. Mr. Woodxvard.J *

fmooth both within and without ; ftiaped like a crucible.
All thefe fpecies are at firft clofcd by a cover, formed of the outer
TOat of the plant, which tears and difappears as the growth advances,
fhewing the young progeny which fall out, and fix themlelves by
their radicle, forming new plants. All tlie three fpecies a^c coin.
inon here. Mr. AVoodward. ^ ^

On rotten wood, ' c . ^ »

•' . . cept. — Alay,

j(323. PHAL-

PHALLUS. ^

447

1328. P H A L ' L U S. More]].

Fungus fmooth underneath, with a flefliy net-work on

its upper furface. Linn. c m •

Ess. Char. Stem fupporting a cellular Pileus. Seeds in

the cells.

P H A L' LU S efculen'tus. Pileus egg^lhaped ; full of efculent
cells. Stem naked, wrinkled. —

Bull. 218. B. D.—Schceff. 199. 298. 299. 300.— ^oZf. gi.—f?.
dan. g^.—Sterb. 10. — Mich. 85. i and 2; 84. 1,2, ana 3 ;
cop. in Gled. 2. Phallus f. i, 2, 4, 5, 6, j.—GarJ. ij^.—Cluf.

264. I, repr. in Lob. ic. ii. 274; Dod. 481. i, Ger. em. 1583. i,
and cop. in J. B. iii. 836. 2, aid the principal one cop. in Park.

1317. i.—Toum. 329. A. — B(dtar. 2. P.

Has an agreeable fmell. Stem, hollow, naked, fhort, white,- i to 2
inches high, ^ to 1 inch in diameter. Pileus bufFy or brownil^ >
entirely united to the ftem, from the fize of a pigeon’s to that of a
fwan’s egg ; cells very large, angular like a honeycomb.— Colour

paleyellow, or buff, grows to a large fize. Mr. Woodward. .

Woods and hedges in loamy foil, May,

2. Small, black.

Bull. 2 1 8. £. P.

On fandy heaths, Norfolk. Mr. V/oodward.

P H A L ' L U S impudi'cus. Pileus cellular above, pnldn£
fmooth underneath, not united to the ftem. Stem perfo-
rating the pileus and open at the end. —

Bull. 182.— Cart. iii. •^o^.—Schsff. 198. 197. 196.— Bolf. 92.

Mich.-8^, cop. in Gled. 2. Phallus f. 3. — PI. dan. 175. Ray

cal. at p. 122. ed. ii. — Battar. 2. A, B, C, D. Sterb. 3°’P>
at p. 276. — Cluj. ii. 295, repr. in Dod. 483, Lob. ic. ii. 275,
and Ger. em. 1583. 2 ; and cop. in Park. 1322. 13, J. B. iii.

845. I, Sterb. 30. B, P, G, at p. 276, and Barr. 1258.— J. B.

Hi. 843. 3, cop. in Sterb. 30. A, D. — Bl.Jil. 17. 13. 14. — Cluj.
ii. 286. 2, cop. in J. B. iii. 845* Sterb. 30. 1, PL at p. 27G,
and Barr. 1264, exhibits no appearance of a pileus open at the. end,
but is probably the fame.

Though this plant is fo intolerably foetid that it is much oftencr
fmelt than fecn, yet in its cgg-ftate it has no offcnfive fmell. The
odour retides in the green matter which fills the cells of the pilous
?nd ia very foo'u devoured by flies, particularly by the large bUie

hell-headed

- 1 1 n. rungi.

fly. _ In Its egg (late it is about tbe fize of a fmall pullefs ee?
^ndremai^ many days before it burfls through its wrapper ; but
^13 being done, the ftem pufhes up withamazingmpidity. attaining
the height of 4 or 5 inches m a few houre. This oifjfive green
mattocontains the feeds, which may be feen by the affiftance of a
good Wrofcope. Such a^ have courage to fmell this matter ciofely
will find It much lefs difagreeable than at a diftange; for it then
fcems to have a flight pungency like that of volatile falts. Its odour
a wholehoufe. The wrapper is lined with a

clear jelly like the white of an egg, hut ftiffer; within this is found

tin yoking plant. When it fhoots

up the wrapper and the dear jelly remain at the root ; the ftem is
hollow, wjthin poroug and fpong;; like pith.

thickets..

In fandy fituations frequent near Bungay. Mr, Woodward.]

July — Sept,

(WoODWAED.)^PileuS

Vell-fliaped, powdery. Stem ragged, woody.—

Thil. "TronJ^ Ixxiv, i6. at p. 423.

Wrapper egg^fhaped, with two coats, whitifh, full of mucilage

r I"" 7 or 8 inches. cylindrical

naked, fomewhat woody, hollow, ragged from the breaking of the bark
bout a foot high. Ptleus covered above with a thick layfr of powder
over which lies as a veil, a portion of the burft wrapper. Vdl torn
loof. W. brown. Dicks, p. 24._ie.ot5 few'^^thin, tift
Wrapper egg-{\..ped, double, with mucilage between the co ts. SJem
tfluing from the inner coat of the wrapper, rather woody, holW
brownifh Its furface ragged, fcbell-fhaped, fmooth, covered op

on powdery matter, and bearing

on Its apex a cap formed by a partof the lacerated wrapper. Powdel

of aT""^ I brown. The Egg is abLt the fize

6 or ^-nchK" ^The banks at the depth of

-re than 2 or 3

Pl.n. w== firr. dircov,;ed by Mr!

prcgre s m its various ftates was carefullv watched by M Zfand

449

■ C L A V A R I A.

Sand banks near Norwich, Norfolk, and Bungay, Suffolk. Mr.
Humphreys, and Mr.WooDWAROwiDic^. — [Eariham and Kirby,
Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.] - Aug,

PHAL'LUS cani'nus, (3ch.eff.)— Pikus wrinkled, dog's
red, covered with a greenilh matter, conical, clofed at the
end. Stem yellow, tapering at the bottom. —

Curt. iv. ^g.Sch(tff, 330, too highly coloured.— Battar,' 40. F.-

Egg the fize of a nutmeg. Stem hollow, as thick as a fwan’s quill,
near 3 inches high, pale orange, femi-tranfparent. Pileus conical,
not larger than the -ftem, inch high, clofed at the apex ; covered
with a thin coat of green fcentlefs (lime, which being removed it
appears red and wrinkled, Its growtli is rapid like that of die Ph,
impudicus. Curtis.

Schaeffer’s figure not an exadl refemblanee of it as found in
England. Mr. Woodward.

This is a rare plant. Firft found in woods and lhady places near
^rewi{?ury. Ehret. injt. ang. Jnly — Sept,

1232, CLAVA^RIA. CJltib-top.

Fungus perpendicular j fmooth; oblong; of one uni-
form furface.

Es-s. Char. Oblong, upright, club-lhaped. Seeds
emitted from every part of its furface,

♦ Stem with a head.

CLAVA'RIA gfrans. (Batsch.)— Stern hair-lik'e. twijedjlaik'd
Head club-like, terminating, longifh, tapering at each
end. Relhan, n. 1102.

Bolt. 112.1.— Beufeh. 16/^.— Wind. y. 18. ^ , ..

Stem I -ad to 2-3ds of an inch long, very (lender, pellucid, crooked
at the bottom, twilling and untwifting as the air is moift or dry.

Head oblong, near F of an inch high, whltifh.^BATSCH. ^

Oo rotten ftraw and leaves, iii woods and moift places.. Sept. Pc?.

ChAV A' RIA» phacor hi' za. (Dicks.)'— Very limple, pndsr
very thin, brovvn. Club-awl-fliaped, whitilh. Root kntil-
^ped. Reich. In JcfiriJl, der Berl, gcjellfch,u 315. Dicks.

25, . , . ■

• Belt.

4.50 C R y P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

Boji. 1 1 1 . I .—Mich. 87. 7.

Stm i inch long, fmodth, flender, pellucid. Head i inch lont^
llender, fpindle-fhaped. Bolton.

.Garden walks about Wal.tnamftow. ’ ^ .

headed CLAVA'RIA capita'ta. Stem yellow, odindrical
Pileus egg^Laped, chefnut coloured, dotted.-^'

Roof black, fpongy, furrounded b.y a thick wrapper which ic mn-

*.nued with th. Bern. This is again inclofed bLothtfora dTj

texture and brown green colour. Stem foiid, fmooth furrou-p/

twilling, foft, pliable, fplitting, 2 to 3 inches high, i to ^ inch dia'

meter. Bleu, long egg-fhaped, | of an incl, bi'h n^ar ^ ith
diameter. Bolton. ’ ‘ near ^ mch

Ramfden Wood, aboyt fiighfield near Halifax.

_ Bolt. gj.—Fl dan. 65^.— Schmid. 50,

Stern white. Head yellow, egg-fhaped, flatted. On beinff
touched throwing up the feeds in form of a fmoke, rvhich
rife with an elaftic force and glitter in the funfhine like particles of
fjlver. Bolt. 97._On touching them when in full perfection a
fmoke arifes from the edges thrown out with copfiderable force and
continues to rife fome time, a circumftance common T all The

rvkhTh plant to have more affinity

with them, particu arly to the firft than to the Clavaria’s. Bolton^

^ure reprefents the head more inflated than I have ever feen it ’
Mr. Woodward. * icen it,

Woods near Nomkh. Sept. Mr. Ceon-E.-fln a pine move at

every year. Aug. Mr,

orang

' mlita'ns. Club-fliaped, very entire

Head fcaly. Linn.— Head granulated— ^ '

Var. I. Head orange or brown red.

Ci.n,n j 49f5. t.— Bffjri. iv. 66. 2.

f-ad,TlfvT5T "" inch- high, and then

but thickeft m tire middle, blunt at the end, granulatid on its fur-

3 face,

451

C L A V A R I A.

face, I or i-§ inch high, 2-ioths to 3-ioths of an inch diameter in thq
thickeft part.

Moill woods and bogs. [Thorpe near Norwich. Dr. J. E. Smith.]
• - ■ Sept. — 0(51.

** Stem undivided ; without a head.

CLAVA'RIA /lercw/aVa. UndivMed, folici.— folid
Var. I. Club-fhaped, deprefled at the top, folid, furface uneven,
dirty yellow or orange.

Bull. '2^^. — Sch(eff. i6g.—Schmidel, 4. i.—Buxb. hal. row 2. i.p,
1^2.— Batfch. ^6.— Mich. 87. i . 2. 3 ; the frjl cop. in Gkd. i.
Clavariaf. 4. «

Cl. piftillaris. 0 FI. fuec. n. 1 266.

^ Hods. 638.

This is the largeft of the Genus; it is firm, undivided, greatly
thickening upwards, folid, fmooth, about 3 inches high, and i or 2
jn diameter towards the top. The Ihape in the larger fpecimens is
yery much like that of a long pear.

Var. 2. (Lightf.) Studded at the top; club-lhaped, folid, orange

brown.

Schceff. 290.

Shady woods. .

Var. 3. Yellow or orange ; folid, nearly cylindrical, tapering to a

point.

Schceff. 171. — Sckmidel. 4. 2. — Bolt. no. i. 4. 5. 6, from the
left hand, ptffbly Mich. 87. 5. 6. g, cop. in Gled. r. Clavana^
f. I. and Mich. 87. ii, cop. in Gled. i. Clavariaf. 2.

18 Cl. piftillaris. Hods. • , „ r

Dirty buff, thick as a thick reed at the bottom, gradually fwellmg
p the diameter of an inch at top; 5 inches high, furface wrinkled,

pitted, and puffed out. _ j j

Araongft leaves and mofs under trees, in Coplar Wood, Hereford-!

{hire. Mr. Stackhouse.

' Var. 4. Whitifh, folid, nearly cylindrical, tapering to a pomt.
Schmidel. 5. i.—BoU. wo, the 2d and ^d from the kft^ hand.— FI.
dan. 837. uandjis. if. i. 3. a,.— Mich. 87. 12,

cop. in Gled. i. Clavar.f. 5.
play, vermiculata. Lightfoot.

Woods and heaths in dry foil.

Yar. 5. Dull yellow, folid, either entire and blunt, or oloven ancl

'•tapering at the end.

Bull. 2^/^.—Vcdll. 8. 4.

•• * * ' ^

YeUow,

452

hollow

fielvella

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Tfellow, brittle, fmooth, when young undivided, flatted, grooved,
becoming forked with age; terminating in a taper point. Bulliard.
orows on the ground.

The plants of this and the following fpecies were united by Lln-

but Haller,

and after him Lightfqot, very properly divided them ; for want

however of attending to the circumftance of the individuals being

fohd or hollow, a circumftance which feems invariable, fome confu-
fion yet remained We have now arranged them, guided by their

ftruAure and as they naturally fall under two fpecies, the third

fpecies of Haller and iightfoot. called and its varieties,

ajTociates with one or other of thefe two. In this difpofition of thefc
lubjedts I am happy to have the concurrence of Mr. Woodward
whofe accuracy and induftry have added fo|reatly to the value of this
\wrk, and who had, without any previous knowledge of my intern
tjon, arranged the plants in queftion nearly as they now ftand.

ral ? ^ Nearly cylindrical, gene-
rally univided, hollow, brittle, fmooth.-l

Var. I. Hollow, white ; thickeft upwards.

Schmtdel. ig.—Bull. 463. 1. A. L. M.—VaHl. 75.

Vi\R. ?. Jfollow, orange qr browniffl yellow.

Bull. 463. I. B. N. 0.

Thefe plants are very brittle, flender at the bafe, rounded at the

end fometimes, though rarely, cloven; 2 or 3 inches high, and as
thidk as a raven s quill. 5 >

Woods, heaths, and dry hedee banks. Sent —M

Var. 3. Tapering to a point • crooked, hollow, ivhite. ^

Mick. 87. 13.

Cl* piftdlans. y Huns. Cl. vermiculata. Lightf.

Woods and paftures, m

Autumn.

ffocfaVM. (Dicks.)— Growing in
tufts. Stems very fimple, very thicic, united at the Safe
inverfely pyramidal, fcored. Jacq. mife. ii. 99. ’

ran, ”.12. 3.

When young flefhy; when fully grown wood?, branched com
prelTed, fomewhat funnel-lhaped, lopped, the edg? plaited curw'
brown w„h a tinge ol purple without, wliitilh or yenowilh whhta

dtnr Scnlrlr"*''™""- ^ high an'dTth

Woods on the ground about the trunks of trees. Aug. Sept.

CLA-

453

C L A V A R I A.

qLAVA'RIA ophioglojfiji'des, Club-fliaped, very bldck
entire, compreffed, blunt. —

Schmid. 2 5.— Bolt. 1 1 1 . 2.— Bull. 372.— .Sc^^/ . ^2y.—Vaill. 7. 3.

—Batjch. ij.—Mich., 87. 4.— HaA. 47. 3. ^

About 2 inches high, and near half an inch over in the broadelt
part; black, fraooth, fpatula-lhaped upwards, .white within, and
hollow when old. Bolton. Bolliard.— I never could perceive any
appearance of fpherules on this plant. Mr. Woodward.

Moift heaths and woods. Sept. Odt.

CL AV A'RI A fimbria'ta. Undivided, hollow, clofed fringed
and pointed, or open and fringed at the end.

Creenilh at the bottom ; white above; hollow, tapering, clofe
and ending in a fingle or double point ; or open at the end and fur-
rounded with a dark coloured glandular fringe. The whole covered
with a grcyifh powder. About the thicknefs of a pin and near half

an inch high.

Edgbafton, amongfl; mofs. 27th Odl. 1790.

* * ♦ Stem branched.

C L AV A'R I A Somewhat branched, up- elegant

right, white. —

Bolt. 1 15.— BaK. 496. 3. L. M. P.

Club-fhaped or branched, 4 or 5 inches high, wrinkled, furrowed,
thick as a quill. Bolton.— Mr. Bulliard confiders this as a variety
of the coralloides, but I think Mr. Bolton is right in keeping it dil-
tindl. It connedls the unbranched with the branched fpecies.

Under firs about Fixby Hall, near Halifax. Sept.

CLAVA'RIA /flnno'/fl. (Dicks.) — Branched, mealy, mealy
white. Branches fliort, lopped, finely icolloped.—

Holm, in nov. aSl. dan. i . p. 299. /• 6 ; on the authority of Mr.

Dickfon. ii. 2

Solitary. Stem upright, fomewhat angular, fomewhat compreffed,
branched. Branches unequal, fhort, tlucker towards the enj,
bluntly lopped. Whole plant covered with a white meal, Mhich
being rubbed off it appears yellow. Dickson.

Woods on the chryfalifes of infers.

CLAVA'RIA laciniaUa. (Bull.)— Branched ; jagged
thin, membranaceous, jagged and fringed above.

Bull. 415. i.—Jacq. mife. 14. 1.— 29'-

Growing

454

CRYPTOGAMIA. FungL

endsjagged and fet with' feveral pointed projeaiohs -T

reddifh brown. Subftance foJid; tLgh ' ^ ” PP^d witn

Edgbafton Plantation.; 2:ftAug.r79..

Var. I. Yellow'.

358- B- D. E. md 406. A'._

“'• 837-B,rr®..6o _

. ™ t T' 8^- B-CV. i;. 274. 2, „,r. in Ger. ™,,

Heaths, groves, and paflures. a ^ o .

Var. 2. Whitilh, or quite white.

-7°- '76- '86. 287-

•Var. 3. Reddifh.

8’ “8- GW. ..

Var. Purple.

J]^.~Barr. 1261. —Pet:

fulIy”L'XiApu“l’' «»P'forked, beauti-

Amon|{l leaves under trees. Mr. Stackhocse.

Var. 2. Pale olive brown.

D 1 t. ^ ^3‘ «•

aew,"Edyb3aoS *“”8" '° '■O'*

Var. 6. Grey. Sept. 1791.

'T’l • r • 354*

gui^cdtrSSf bt t"' “''f”"

c«remely branched. Mr. WoL^w -llltrab”"' '‘f
bridle and lender, and i. la faid nriy bt Lmilled to ouruZ ■'’Se
white ones and grey ones I know may be eaten with fafety. ’

CEA-

455

C L A V A R I A.

CLAVA'RIA fajligia'ta. Branches crowded, very yellow
much divided and iub-divided, of equal height; (blunt,
yellow.) —

Bolt. 1 1 2. 2 ; and 1 13. 2. b. c. — R. fyn. 24. 5. at p. 478. Buxb.
iv.66. i.—ScfaeJ. 174. 170. 172 and 291.— 358. D..£.

Whether this be a variety of the preceding, or a diltindl fpecies,
feems doubtful. The principal difference is, that in the Clavaria
coralloides the whole plant illues out of one thick and folid ftem,
which afterwards divides and fub-divides into very numeious
branches; but in this fpecies they feem very (lightly, if at all, con-
nedlcd at the bafe, where the diftinft ftems are much attenuated,
and are either fimple or flightly branched, and lopped at the top.

From thefe circumftances it maybe thought to approach the Clavaria
piftillaris, but I fhould confider it as diftindl frona both. 1 aill.

8. 4. probably belongs to thi^ as Bolton fuppofes. Mr.WoofiW,
—Branches thickeR upwards, lopped and flat at the ends. Yellow,
white, or purple, full i to 3 inches high, and thick as a crow or a
raven quill. Bolt. Ligktf. Schaffer.— It is 'evident from the
infpedlion of the various figures, that fome have been drawn, a^

Bolt. 1 12. 2, from plants in a young Rate. When fomethmg older
pointed teeth fhoot out from the ends, and when older Rill thefe
become larger and fometimes branched, fo that the latter part of the
Linn^an character, included in a parenthefis, would be better
omitted. Perhaps M. Bulliard is right in confidering the faRigiata
as only a flat-topped variety of the coralloides.

Woods and paRurcs.

C L AV A ' R I A mufeot'des. Branches branched, taper- pointed
pointed, unequal, pale yellow. —

Sekeff. 173.— Bo/t. 114.— Btt/h 358, B.—R. Jyn. 24. 7, At /).

479. — Bl. dan. 836. 2 — Pet.gaz. 93. 4, 5. Gcfn. ap. Cord, ic.

ten. 17. 153. ^ . • c

Tills differs from both the preceding in having the extremities ot
the branches fharply pointed ^ but it agrees with the faRigiata in
being nearly diRindl at the bafe, and with the coralloides in being
much branched! Mr. Woodward.— Yellow or brown yellow, from
2 to 5 inches high, branches like fomc of the fhvubby Lichens, the
branches always affedling forked divilions, and terminating in
pointed forks. — Am not quite certain of my reference to Bulliai ,
but Rill lefs certain that Mr. Bolton has rightly referred to Bull. 264.

Heaths and dry woods. [Pendarvis, Coriiw. Mf.Stackhouse.]

Sept. Oct.

C L A -

digitated

P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

Thick, folid, conical, rougll,
FL dan. goo.— Bull. 220.-~BoIl rag. h.—Schwff. 228.— MicL
Mr!woodward.^''^‘ « different Jpecies:

Subftance-like cork, tending to a cylindrical figure ; black white
bra ^ T to i inch diameter, fometimes rather

L little cells

on the furface mixed with a glary fluid. Thefe cells are not very

ifible externally until the hairs fall off. Bulliard.— This ^

always branched feveral ftetns arifing from the fame thick bafe''

which fupphes the place of a root. I? any of Boltoi's fi^reram

mtended to reprefent this, they are fo ill executed as not tofe fafely

faS ’ 'vho confiders it as a Sphieria, and dif'

fatisfied, very juftly, with the infufficiency of the Linnsan rha
radler, adopted by Mr. Hudfon, propofes thefollowing.
ramofa, ramis fub-felTilibus oblongis, apicibus obtufis. ’

On rotten wood. ,

Aug.— Xov.

horned

A 'R I A Hypox'yhrt. Branched, comprefTed

fl f ^ hand-lhaped. Horns

flat, flelhy, powdery. Haller. ^ ^

Bolt. i2g b. c. i. e. f.—Bull. 180.— obs. t. 3. /. ^.—Mkh,

55■ord.^.^.-Walc.n.7.-Pet.gaz.67.^2.~Ltfch^6o.

From I to 3 inches high, and ito^acrofs; very woolly when
> ung, and very black; the tops tender and gelatinous whilft young
w ite, mealy; flefli white, fibrous, rather woody. The while tops
turn blown and fhrivel towards the end of winter, when the feeds
ripen. Seeds in cells on the furface below the white part.

n rotten wood. On the flumps of alders which have been cut

down 6 or 7 years, plentiful, and in almoft every variety offhape
and fize. Pool tail in Edgbaflon Park. It may be Jnd all the
year, but not plentiful in the fummer. The tubercles firfl app^r
below the white extremities, on a lefs white part, and they'at

Var. I. Flat, thin, inofculating; but little hairy.

dan. 713.— MicA. 66. 3.

-lta7fimila!rf T’’ "-Uch covered a well. Mr.Wooow,

WolverhamoM T “'7 ’ ‘ ^ WarWres at

barked ,h?wo,;,l Iha-efeen.taorafeetlong, and between the

ftTir d k EdgbaSon Park which had been

blr.wto^lafd mentioned by

Var.

C L A V A R I A. 4S7

VaR. 6- Hudfon,-is the Boletus rangiferinus.

The Clavaria Hypoxyjon, and digitata, run fo much Into one
another, that I do not lee how it is poffible to ettablilh them as dif-
tincT; Ipecles, but have at prel'cnt kept them feparate in compliance
with the opinions of Linnaeus, Haller, Hudfon, Lightfoot, Bulllard,
&.C,— Mr. Bolton is certainly miftakeu when he afferts that the Cl.
Hypoxylon in a perfedl ftate becomes the Cl. digitata. Mr. W oodw.

C L A V A' R I A cu prejifor'mis. But little branched ; cyprefs

head conical, lupported on a ftem. i
Mich. 55. 2.— Bolt. i2g.g.

This plant fecms to me to differ very ellentially from the Cl.
digitata. It is generally fimple, or only once divided. Stem about
■k an inch high, fupporting a head about the fame length, which is
always ccrical, refembling a cyprefs tree in miniature. Mr.
Woodward.— I had arranged this as avariety ot the Cl. Hypoxylon,
but now place it as a dlftinil fpecies on Mr. Woodwards authority,
who reckons it, as he does the others of this tribe, as belonging to the
genus Sphairia, and favoured me with the following fpecific charader,
from which the Englifh charader, given above, is taken.

Sph. cuprejiformis fub-fimplex, ftipitata, capitulo conico.

On decayed w’ood. Mr. Woodward.

CLx^VA'RIA parafit'ica. Unbrariched; Head parafiuc

oval, fupported on a flem. —

WiUd. berol. 7.17.

This fmgular fungus Is always fixed to a Lycoperdon. It is very
like the Cl. ophiogloffoides, but differs in being fbtter in its fub-'
ftance, and fooncr decaying. The head is never compreffcd, as in
that fpecies, and is always ccated with minute papilla:. When old it is
hollowat the top. Willd. p. 405 ; who gives its fpedficcharader thus:

Cl. paraftdca, clavata, nigra, fimpliciffima, ftipite tereti, corpore
oblongo tereti, obtufo papillofo— but I have preferred that of Mi.
W^dward a^ being fhortcr, but yet fufficient. He rank^ it as a

Iphseria, with the following charader.

S?H. porfl/iticafimplex, ftipitata, capitulo ovali. ,1

I am indebted for the knowledge of this plant to Mr. Woodward,

irid alfo for the following obfervations: —WUidencw calls t. e
Lycoperdon on which this grows L. fcabrum, and fays it
iiffers from the Tuber cibariumi which it certainly does, but
[ do not fee that it differs in any refped from our 1. cervi-
num. This plant is never branched, though irequenlly grow-
ing In clufters, inoneinftancc as many as leven together,
EonriftiQg rf many long, iiry, brown fibres, w.tli
twines and covers the turlare of the Tuber, hut never penttra M

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi,

its fubftance. Stem nender, about i inch long. Head oval, about
* an inch high, covered with minute Spheeri^. It differs from Cl.
' digitata, in fize, in (landing on a Hem, and in being unbranched •
and frorn O. cupreffiformis in having a longer ftem, an oval head!
and the fpherules much more minute; and from both in its peculiar
habit, and die long fibres which form the root. Found on a heath
near Norwich fome years fince, and fent me by Mr. Pitchford Mr
Woodward.

T U ' B E R.

Ess, Char. Steinlefs ; flefhy, folid, not becoming pow-
dery, not opening at the top.

Triifle _T U'B E R ciba'rlum. (Bull.)— Globular, folid, warty,
without a root. — ^

JSk//. 3,56 — Mtch. 102, Tuber, cop. in Gled. 5. 10, and 6. 7.
Tourn.^Q,'^. Mepth. 544, cop. in Sterb. 32, the uppermofi A.
—Lome. 11. 15.— y. B. iii. 8^g.—Dod. 486. 2, repr. in Lob.
ic. 11, Tubera; Ger. em. 1583. 8, and cop. in Park. 1319. 30,
and imit. in Sterb. ^2, the middlemoji A.— Ger. 1385. 3.

^ Globular, of the fize of a plumb, white, rough with elevated dots,

. in the center containing a brown powder like that of Lycoperdon
but in fmall quantity, opening with a rent. Linn. fuec. n.
1281.— It is found under the furface of the earth, at the depth'of 4
or 5 Inches. It has no proper root. Its colour dark, approachincr to
blacknefs. White within when young, but when old black with
whitifh veins. Bulliard.

Truffles. Trubs. Under ground In high woods and paftures. On-
the Downs of Wiltfhire, Hampfiiire, and Kent. Sept. — May.

This is one of the efculent Funguffes, and one of the bed of them.
Dop are taught to hunt it, and when they feent it they bark a
little and begin to fcratch up the earth. Pigs llkewife in Italy root
It up, and an attendant takes it from them,

ivhltijli T U ' B E R al'huin. (Bull.) — Tawny white, without a
root, but rooted by its bafe — VarioufTy fhaped, roundifli,
TOiivex, hunched, fomewhat wrinkled, folid, whitifln
Dickson 11.26.

Bull. 404.

Two to 3 iiphes long, and about a-gds as much in width. A
fe^on of Its infide fhews very like a piece of Rhubarb. Bulliard.

n beneath the furface of the ground. Somewhat .

yellowifh when dry. Nearly allied to L. Tuber. Dickson
Lycop.jgibbofum, Dickson..

Woods.

Vak-.

459

TUBER.

Var. I. Uniform, tanned leather colour within.

About a fourth part buried ; near 2 inches diameter ; furfacc
knobby and pitted ; hairy in the pits ; fubftance uniform, like cork,
colour not variegated. The whole mafs perforated by ftems of grais,
fo that it mull have been above ground in a foft ftate. I fufpedl it
will prove to be a diftindl fpecies.

Under a Spanilh chefnut tree, in Edgbafton Park. Aug.

T U ' B E R cervl'num: Globular, rather folid, rent, tawny
powdery in the center, without a root. ■

Mid 99. 4, cop. in Gled. 5. /. ii.—SterL 32, the uppermofi B.

Gars. 1 15. A.— Lob. ic. ii. 276, Tubera cervina, cop. in J. B.

Hi. 851, and in Park. 1319, the 2 figures on the right hand, and
imit. in Slerb. 32, the lowermojl B.

(L. cervinum Bolt. 116, is L. fpadiceum.)

Tawny on the outfide and granulated; the outer coat hard.

Whitifh or purpiifh within. About if inch diameter. Micheli-

Woods and hedges. Cane Wood near Hampftead. R. Jyn. 28.

— In Devohfhire. Huns.— [In a wood near Woolhope, Herefordlh.

It grew juft on the furface under a tree, and was fplit in wide fiftUres
fo as to refemble a clufter of chefnuts. Mr. Stackhouse.]

T U ' B E R fiol'idum. Globular but coiripreffed, brown, folid
reticulated, very firm ; blue black within. —

Pai/l. 16. 5. e.—Schceff. 188. /. vii. the fieBim accords with our
plant, but the root is Juch as I have not feen.

Globular but comprcfled. Diameter 1 to 2 inches. Inner coat
tough and woody ; outer flcin thin, brown, cracked, but not papil-
lofe. Infide firm, folid, blue black; even froin its youngcft ftate*

It feems compofed of black grains, imbedded in a grey cottony
fubftance, fo that when broken it appears more grey than when cut;
for then the infide of the granules appear black from being cut
through. Stcmlefs. Root fliort.

Edgbafton, under an oak tree by the Pool. 13^^ Aug. 1791.

TU'BER radica'tum. Roundifli, compreffed ; radical rooted
fibres from the furface, colle6ling fo as to form a root.

Bolt. 116.— Mich. 99. 3. and D.—Sterb. 32. the 2 middlemoft. B. B.

From I to 2 inches or more in diameter. Root none, but radical
fibres are conneefted with different parts of its furface. 'When it
rifes out of the ground, the fibres which are undermoft unite them-
■felves and form.a kind of root. It is at firft brown, and rough, and
milk white within. When it is rifen above the furface of tl^ ground
it affumes various colours, as yellow, or green, or reddifh browm

2 G 2 The

C K Y P i O G A M r A. Fungi.

Tii<? infide now chanties to purple, variegated with black veins, and
fit length becomes wliolly black. The rind is very ftrong, and never
breaks open like that of the Lycoperdons. Bolton.

Lycop. cervmum. Bolt. — Lycop. fpadiceum. Dicks.? The

>L. aurantiacum of Bulliard cannot be the fame with this, for it is
a real Lycoperdon, and opens at the top. Lyc. fpadiceum Schzeff.
,i88 has been referred to this, but thefolidflem and the habit do not

agree.

On heaths, rare.

April. — Sept.

1333- LYCOPER'DON. Puff-bal].

Fungus immdifh; opening at the top; full of powdery
impalpable Seeds. ^

Ess. Char. FJelliy, firm, becoming powdery and openin'^
at the top. ^ ^ ^

Wrapper permanent.

cullamler

DickJ. 3.

^ Wrapper when ripe fplitting into feveral fegments which lie flat on
■tne ground, expanded in form of a flar. Head pierced with feveral
■nioutbs from which the dull efcapes. Doodv in R. fyn. 28. — Wrapper
leathery, at firft inclofing the head, when ripe fplitting elaftically
into fe\'eral fegments; Vegmenti unequal, towards the ends marked
with fpots, the relics of the mouths of the head. Fridl-Jlalks fupport-j
ing the head, feveral, fhort, near together, comprefled, almo
woody. Head brownifli, covered with a thin filvery pellicle, the
upper furface pierced with holes, full of a brown duft. Mouths fmallj
round, fringed, fomewhat elevated. Dicks. — This Lycoperdor
Iprings from an egg which lies on a level with, or juft below the fur-
iaceof the ground. In this ftate itisnearlyglobular,but flightlycom-
preIfcd ,ot a dirty white, wrinkled, fcaly; with a fhort thick root termi-
nated by a few fibres. Cut open it fhews a foft leathery coat
covering another which is thicker and much more tough, filled with t
white curd-hke fubftance of a difagreeable fmell. As yet there waJ
nu appearance 'of a head. One found in Auguft remained in thi:
Itatc to the end of November before it c.xpanded; when in a fingl

day It was entirely raifed out of the ground and fully expanded
1 he root breaks off, and is left in the earth, and the inverfion o

the

LYCOPER DON coUfor'me. Wrapper with many ,
clelts, expanding. Head fpberical, depreffed. Fruit-
ftalks and moutbs numerous. —

riF't

L Y C O P E R D O N. 46‘

the' plant neceffarily ralfes it to the furface, what was before the
upper and outer part of the wrapper being now next the ground.

This defeription of the method of opening applies to the L. Itella-

tum and L. recolligens as well as to this fpecies. The head in the
larger fpecimens is confiderably comprefled, of a brownifii colour,
covered with a ver^' thin pellicle of a beautiful filver grey, peculiar
to this fpecies. The apertures are very numerous, flightly elevated
and fringed with fine hairs. The pedicles which do not appear tul
the thick brittle coat (which is common to this and the other tel-
lated fpecies) dries or peels off, are very numerous, woody, thread
or ftrap-lhaped. In one Ipecimcn they filled up a circle ot 2 an
inch in diameter, and this had at leaft 40 apertures. In the Imall
fpecimens the head is nearly fpherical, and lometimes the pedicles
and apertures are not more than 3 or 4 ; but thefe are hardly to c , t

confidered as varieties. Notwithftanding there ieems to be a lort
of correfpondence between the number of pedicles and of apertures,
they have no dired communication, nor. any correfponding cells,
the head forming a lingle cavity as iri the other fpecies. The aper-
tures are not accidental ruptures, but originally formed, for in an

abortive plant, found in company with Mr. Stone, in winch t le
duft never ripened, we obferv'ed a puckering of the fkin in the lame
fituation where the mouths ufually appear. Mr. Woodward. ■

In the lane from Crayford to Bexley Common, Kent, ^oody
R hn 28— Sandy banks near Mcttingham, SuffoU; and t.ii-
iLghi: and EarfhL. Norfolk. Mr. Sxosr and Mr. ^yooDW.

—[Near Hanley Cafile, Worccfterfhirc.

, LYCOPER'DON (lella'tum. Wrapp-er wifb imny
clefts, expanding. Head 6n a ihort ftem, Imooth. Mouth
tapering upwards, toothed. —

BoU. i7g.-Genf. Mag. feb. 1792.— Bryant Lyc. f. yS' M:-
ifi. 17.— Ray fyn.p. 29. f. i./. i.—Mtch. lOO; 2. _ (Scho’Jj.

182, ihije are JleniieJs, but Jo well reprejent our phnt, in a rece
(late, that I do not heftlale declaring it to be fuch. It ts referred to_

Rav's jigure w'hich has a jlem. Mich. 100. /• 5- T/ie fg- of
r^n and FI. dan. m e too bad to be quoted. Mr. modward.J
When frelh opened the head appears fitting, owing to the thiqk-
nefs of the interior fpongy coat of the wrapper. Aber a <1375,.
this cracks, as reprefented by Mich..t. too. t. 5. and peds off, and
Ihen Seftem appears. I apprehend it to be owing to this that forne

authors have defcribed the head, as fitting, and 'others as fupported

r"nd 1. .l,cr.Forc dlfficul. .o wl.ct cr ^

teal of this plant or of the h. recoil, ge».

2 G 3 . . ,

4^2

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Mouth often fmootl. wkcnfirft open, but in lime fplits into teeth.

browm diometer, bluilh Wown. Laffer

Meadows, pafturcs, hedge banks. ^,0-

Var. i. Head Hatted. Mouth long, taper ; teeth large.

exprefed. Mr. Woodw.

i his, which IS found on dry banks, ufually amonft Ivy, is difFer-

^t from being fmalkr, and having the head flat at top, and the
mouth extremely conical. It is almoft black when dr^^ and the
R ys ufually turn up at the point, but do not rife fo as to cover the
head rn the manner of L. recolligens. Mr. Woodward.

turret

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ /ornzVaVwm. (Huds.) — WraoDcr

20.f.ioy; c«p.in Blachfi. al f.
24, te Ife outer coot too Jmoak—Bafch. l68.— Brooitt Lxc. U
and 20. — Battar^g.f. — ^ jo

doTtlr 3 or 5. but only accidentally. The

double wrapper adhering by the points which is never fee/in any
0 the varieties of the L. flellatum is a grand diftindlive mark, fo^
the wrapper remains funk in the ground, not being re verfed and
rownout asin the flellatum, &c. Mr. WooDWARD.-Wrapper

nd vhitifli within. Inner coat whitilb within, reddifh yellow
hout. Head oblate fpheroidal, brown, 6-8ths of an inch in

PhTtranf. an inch in height. Dr. Watson in

-miles from Reading.
Tor 7’ Kent; BcACKST.-near Doncaflef,

loamy foil, moflly m an eaflern and next to that a iveftern afoedl
commonly at the root of a fhrub or tree. Ba VANT.J-Che lit’

»:“r Homey Caftie,, Worcefte^t::

OcT:. — ^Jan.

h^'grometer

v'kh^ (Schmid.)— Wrapper

tina Sulafh fpear-jliapedVegmenti,- Heal^J
MrrWoQDWARD comprefled, aperture tapering upwards.

Schmd. 27 and^ 28, /. 20 to 238 and aju i.—Mkh.

f. °7’ /r 2.~Bull 2 -8.^Ejyant

The

' L Y C O P E R D O N, 4^^?,

The rays of the wrapper when fully expanded feldom exceed li
inch, though I have found them twice that fize. They are nearly
equal, and regularly fpear-fhaped. Outer coat of a bright filvery
white; inner coat much thinner than in any other fpecies and does
not crack and flake off, but foon dries, when it acquires a chefnut
colour ; fmooth, rather Ihining. Head compreffed, yellow white
or dirtv buff, perfedly ftemlefs. Mouth conical, ciliated. Segments
of the wrapper when dry entirely inclofing the head, when moift
expanding and perfedly flat. It may be made to undergo thefc
changes at plealure by putting it in a faucer with a very little water ^
when in an honr or two it will expand and again contradl if lufleied
to dry. This property it retains for years if kept in a dry place.

Plants of the Lycoperd. ftellatum often appear ftemlefs, but in a
few days they invariably ftiew the foot-ftalk. Mr. Woodward. ^

Earfliam, Norfolk ; and Mettingham near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr,

Woodward.

LYCOPER'DON Carpo'bolus. Wrapper with many proje^Ue
clefts. Fruit globular, compofed of feeds united
together. —

F/. dan. 895. — Mich. loi. i, 2.

Whitifli, of the fize of a pin’s head, opening into an expanding
border with 5, 6, or 7 clefts. From the dife an oval vefide as tall
as the dife, leaps up, exploding its contents witli an elaftic fpring,
Forska-hl in Lmn.— This peculiar property of the Carpobolus,
whence it has its name, feems to remove it from the Lycoperdons,
though the leathery fac containing the feeds brings them near toge-
ther. Ifthisbemadeadiftincftgenus, the Mucor urceolatus will

affociate with it. Mr. Woodward.

On rotten faw duft. Brown in Dill muje. 55- Q" rotten wood

in woods and hedges. Huds.

« «

With a Stem.

LYCOPER'DON peduncula'tum. Stem hollow, long-Jlall^ccl
long. Head globular ; fmooth. Mouth cylindrical, very
entire.—

Bull. 294.— Bd/cL 167.— Toarn. 331. F,!-.

Stem hollow, cylindrical, ftiff, near an inch high, and thick as a
fwallow’s quill. Head globular, ^ to f inch diameter, rather com-
preffed, aperture fmall, oblong, furrounded with a tubular ling.

Colour pale, ochrey. Batsch.

Meadows and paftures. [Corahaon about London.

464

pitted

parafitlc

orans:e

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi*.

LYCOPER'DON verruco'fum. Stem very fhort
rootk^e; head globular but comprefled, oliveWn!

Btdl. 24.

Head yellow’, pitted, like the remains of the fmall pox the nits

vetymmute and varying in depth; diameter t to tlin^h X

white, changing to pinky when expofed to the air woollv w!
Edgbafton, by the Little Pool dam. ^

LYCO PER'DON parafit'icum. On a ftem. Head
nearly globular, tawny, brittle. Seeds black. Mr. Wood
This elegant little plant was fent to me by the Rev. Mr. of

Leeds in the year 1734. It grows in clufters upon other plants
one clufter of thofe I received were attached to a Lm of grafs and
another to a piece of Hypnum. The ftem is cylindrical ydW
white, about i-20th of an inch in length. The hJad globular Ift
ydlow or tawny thin, brittle, opening at the top and difehargin. a
black pwder. Its fize that of a fmall pin’s head ^ ®

In the neighbourhood of Leeds, Yorklbire. Mr. Wood.

Nov. Dec.

wrHIded \he L Sphaeroidal;

wrinkled at the bafe, furnilhed with a Ihort item • fpa'

ments at the opening bluntly notched.— '

Bull. 270.-VailL 16. g.io.-Mch.gg. 2.

The ftem or neck much plaited where it joins the root Tl.
I^ftaTr^r ^ changing to tawny when the feeds are ripe‘s
tln fh r its colour varies from pale^to

■'‘“""from

^ I am obliged to Mr. Relhan for the knowledge of this beine an
i;ng,,a fpecfs. He .cll, „.e he found i, i a comnioTLa"

yc^rlahk

Nearly Stemless; large.

lacerato-deUfcena. L.kn,

Obs.

465

lycoperdon.

Obs. Growing on the ground, when young white, or pinky grey;
ta™ grey when full grown, and brown when old. BuLL.-rThe.
arrangement of this fpecies and its numerous varieties is uken fmm
M. Bulliard, whofe figures and defcriptions are far fuperior to thofc
of any of his predeceffors. Surrounded with three coats; the outer
coat tender, eafily abraded, the middle coat tough, leathery, fmooth;
the inner coat connedted with the fubftance. Bolt.

Var. I. great. Globular, fitting, very large.

Bull. 1 91. —Chi/, ii. 288, repr. in DoL 484, and,

cop. in Park. 1323. 32. — Sterb. 28. C. E.

Sometimes as much as 1 2 or 1 5 inches in diameter.

L. Bovifta. ^-Huds.^L. Bovifta. i.Lightf.

Bunt. Frog-cheefe. Puckefift.

Failures, and road fidesamongftgrafs. _ Au^g.

The fumes of this when burnt have a narcotic quality, and on this
account it is fometimes made ufe of to take a hive without deftroy-
ing the bees. This too as well as the former is fometimes uled as a
fiyptic. — It is ufed to carry fuel in from a diftance,

Var. 2. (mion-Jhaped. Globular but flatted.

Bull. 435. 2.—Sckaff. i8^.-Mich. 97, 3 and 4, cop. inGhd. 5. 5.
— Bolt. iij. c. d.e. _ '

Sometimes pointed at the top, fometimes a little tapering at tte
bottom. Surface fmooth, or fcurfy, or cracked ; fometimes almoft
prickly at the top. From f to li inch diameter. Root,afmall

bundle of black fibres.

• Lycop. Bovifta. 5. Lightf.

Yerv common. . , , j

Var. 3. egg-Jhap<^d. Shaped like an egg, the fmall end downwards.

jBkI/. 435./. 3; 475.

Often grows in clufters. Sometimes the lower part tapers lo
much as to form a kind of ftem; its furface is fmooth, or granu-
Jatcd, or fcurfy. About the fize of a pigeon’s egg. Bulliard.

On old turf, common. . ,. ,

Var. 4. pear:lhaped. _ Running infenfibly into the preceding and

lucceeding varieties. ...

97. Taunt. 331 • B.—y. B. ill- 848. 2.— Corf. 2jg. 3.

—Sterb. 29. F. u V, r

One to 2 inches or more in diameter. Tapering at the bale
fometimes fo as to give a ftem-like appearance. _ Sur ace ’

granulated or rough as if prickly. Subftance within gr^, g

L brown. BuLLiARD.-In clufters. About li inch hig^, jd i
diameter, Pcar-ft.aped, puckered towards the root, not filled wjfli

45S

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

/Mcrrrairt!T“

ftaprf l.ke ,l,e h„d of a knobbed walking ftick .aryiJZ^Z n
fiae. from , ,o a inchea high, and from I ,o in ibe grS ft dla
meter .-burfting at the top. Colour white.' WacaftudrfJ. -r

“b: t szt"

'"'wi.tut ft;J'"'‘^ .-ba„.ftapelTwi°t

, ®“"-.7“’“^475.£— Setef.iSe-igo—Bo;,. „ I

When ripe and fteddin? its feed^ th^r^ n ^

between the upper globulaf, and .ht’lot^ftemX 7

contents o this latter part are rather pithy than powdery and feed-

Lycop. Bovifta. « Huds.^L. Bovifta. 5. Lightf

Vaa ntd Th T '■ 'f '" "" ■"

' bT,, r" P“' irregularly pitted.

Vaa o “'f • r^- <5—ScUff. ags—BoU.

• 7- » ougk. Prickly ; tapering at bottom fo as to form a Bern

Bull. ^1^0. '

This gradually runs into the pear-lhaped varirtv TF • ? i
coat readily fenarates n ^ r, ''^ricty. The prickly

Lyc. Bovifta. f Huds.

Var. Q. peJlle-Jhaped. Stem thinneft upwards.

-Mkh. a.-Mcf gt r ’’ /• 4.

CbMarp™!? ” ftrf'incte d'""'”’' ‘'■'f downwards,
bigh, and about . inch “diamet^B'™:'"- ^

Lycop. Bovifta. „ Hu Ds —I R. a ;

Woods, tnaar Bath. Mr 'sxa c

ACKaousE.J Summer and Autumn,

LYCO-

lycoperdon.

467

LYCOPER'DON globo'sum. (Bolt.)— Stemlefs, globe
white, changing to black, a regular globe, with only two
coats. —

Bolt.iiQ—Sterb.2Q.H.

Snow white when young, and white within; black in decay.
Opens with a veiy large aperture ; diameter about 2 inches.

Bolton.

Fields, very common

LYCOPER'DON defos'fum. (Batsch.)^ Stemlefs, eat ery
leathery, globular, when open the coats turning in , a
buried in the earth. —

Batfch. 229.

Rudely femi-globular when 'ripe, to 2 inches diameter, com-
prened,Ld opening with large rents at the top, when quite open

the coats curl inwarfls. Bafe rude, knotty, buried m the earth.
Skk thick, leathery, ftrong, dirty yellow white, or

^ven, but not rough. Powder brown dirt colour, evidently

texmixed with woolly fibres, but brittle.

than any I have feen, with a very large leathery root. Mr. Staclh.
Drawing fent me by Mr. Stackhoufe, but no habitat.

LYCOPER'DON ardofm'ceum. (BuLL.)-Stemlers ; Jlale-cohuni
nearly globular, flexible, purplifti lead colour, red within,

changing to brown. t, rt

Bull 1 92, th 4 lower fgures to the right hand.-B^Jeh.^.

Grows on the ground only. Exifts long after t e 1 per ion
the feeds, and rattles like parchment. Billiard.

Common on fandy heaths in Norfolk. Mr. Woodward.

»*** Stemless; fmall.

LYCOPER'DON

flnped, white, cottony, tapering downwards fo as to toim

a ftem. Seeds browm. —

Bull 4‘?5. I— Bolt. ijS.—Willd.fi. Berol 7. 20.

... r r. /-nth,

tSUU. 4a 5. 1- UWl. J-' - /

From i to i inch high, wholly white, “■ '• .'T^nieter.

taper, or bellying. Head from i to 2-ioths of an inch diameter.
“Cro""“n — ofbeafl^

LYCOPER'DON fiffai 'me. Stemlefs, globular, p™
TQugh. Mouth perforated.—

lacQ.

468

(^I’Cohured

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

Jacq. mijc. i. 7.

The Rze of a pea ; fitting, crowded, brownifii, rough with minute
warts, opening at the top. Mouth fmooth. Nearly allied to the

whereas that Ls two Jacq
-Mr.Bulliard from inattention to this circumftance has* placed
.t as a variety of the L. epidendron. It is either tawny or fmoke

' ^epiZdtn istoS™"'’

L YCOPp;p ON vW™. cluftered mra •

fitica . Mouth with many clefts, torn. Duft tawaw .!l
Small, fitting, tawny, variable in figure, Relii a Q8r_

tebi!iS;’.- ‘f’ ^ is'TvFchia

Aug. — May.

LYCOPER'DON Ctne'reum. (Batsch.)— Blue f^rev
globular, rough and branny. Seeds like faiid, larie blael’
intexmixfed with zigzag white fibres

^(i{fck. 1 69. — Mick. 96. 9.

About the fizeofa pins head; brittle. Batscp.

Plan. aliens,
Aug.

brittll.^ BLkmd^dSl^ufpie*.!!'^™'"’

—MW. 95. 2. A ‘93— i»ai. v.29.2.

It IS I . Orange coloured and fmooth. ^ ^ '

2. Vermillion coloured ; black at the bottom.

3- Lead coloured; fmooth.

alfo to^hTly."e^p[^nt^^°T^ • ^ beIo;ig

yet been found in this Ifland! ^ ^PPear that they have

An elegant little fungus when frefb Pi v i c
fluent. Mr. WoodwardT ^ ^^^fl^ently con-

Not properly a Lycoperdon,

Lyc. variolofum. Huns.

purpl

On

469

RETICULARIA.

On rotten wood, after rains. [At Field Balling, Norfolk, on an
old block. Mr. Woodward.]

LYCOPER'DON frag'ile. (Dickson.)— Parafitical, buttle
moftly fitting, inverfelyegg-fhaped, brown. Bark (hm-
ing, brittle. Meal black, with foft hairs intermixed.—

Dickf. 3. 5*

Pear-fhaped, about i-i oth of an inch high, and nearly half as much
in breadth. Stem, when any, membranaceous. It grows in clufters,
and if the head when young Ihould prove to be whitifh, ^anfparcnt
or bladder-like, it muftbe referred to the genus Mucor. Dickson.

On ling, mofs, leaves of ivy, &c.

RETICULA'RIA. (Bulliard.)

Ess. Char. Soft and gelatinous when young ; when
’ older firm, friable, tearing open indiscriminate^
and difeovering Seeds entangled in capillary fibres,
reticulated membranes, or leathery cafes.

Obs Never fubterraneous; generally growing on other vegeta-
bl^ feld^with Items, culhion-lhaped or globular Sometimes
Wntlnl” itsfieurc. Bull.ard.-Ii is nearly allied te the genus
Tifchia and alfo to feme of the Lycoperdons. It feems “ /hdude
what ailer intended by his new genus

little more obfervation will demonllrate that neither 'he “

Haller, nor the Reticularia of Bulliard, can properly embrace the ,
whole of the other, and therefore that both muft be adopted.

RETICULA'RIA Lycofer'don. Stemlefs'. Capfule puff-ball
mmtaanaceous, fomewhat egg-Ihaped, fibrous
Bull. 476. t.-Bcll. tsa- a.-Aia- 95- ■.

Brown ^Jidfoi/cwto pear-lhaped when “f, S'

ft,:perwhen old. From 4 inch to more than an inch long.andhalt

as much in diameter. Bolton. TT.,„e

Mucor Lycogala. BoLT.-Lycoperdon fufeum.

On rotten trunks of trees. ^

It rents “9“ o/^tnbtanes, it

perdons, and in its nani c apj-iears

4?o

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

appears to differ from the Reticularia, and the powder not bein?

Hack excludes it from the Fuligo of Haller. But L the larger fpeci-

ens and m Its more advanced ftages of growth, the woolly fibres

become fufficiently evident. I have always found it upon cloven

To wh- 1 but flatted on the fX next the

I s fZ h T ^v^dent root.

It s from the fize of a large pea to that of a Spanilh chefnut. Its

colour brown, or reddifli brown like a chefnut, but this latter colour

^dvery grey. The

furface is fmooth and Aiming, the whole fubftance very^ K and
the coats very thin and brittle. The powder is of a redd^broln
colour, and in extremely fine that the moft powerful mifcrofcope is

?uSfr^ component particles are egg-fliaped. men

^bbed upon the band it prevents its being wet tho^h immerfed in

Reticularia' Lycopeidon would convey a
good idea of It, were they of the right colour, and Schaeffer, pi L

' ftate.™^ ^ k in a

July— Sept.

Aim V ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ fep'^ica. Yellowifh, vtfcid,

iiimy, or various fhapes. — ’

‘ 194. — Fl.dan.yy8.

ftance not wrinkling like the R. ovata. In drying it forms a
fmooth, thin ftiningcoat, inftead of the fcales wWch compofe the

TZ f 'ofembles thick cream, ^or the

running of cream cheefe. Mr. Wo 0 dwar n.

Mucor fepticus. Linn.

wT^dTarTT^^^’ frequent. Mr.

Var. I. Whitifli. Sept.— May.

Bull. 424. 2.

y™"S’ krittle when old. Seeds
in large membranaceous cells. Bulliard. .

Reticularia hortenfis. Bulliard.

Var. 2. Reddilh.

Sch^JC. 195. -

(han ih! fiXfif ■' fometimes more fo

, than the hg. m Schaeffer s plate. Mr. Woodward.

RETI-

/

s P H ^ R I A.

RETICULA'RIA ova'ta. Stemlefs, egg-fliaped, /ro%
mucilaginous, hairy, yellowifli. Gills cellular, yanilh-
ing, tiSning to dull, blackiai. Seeds black, adhering to

threads. Sgh^ff. ind. 132.

Schaff. ig2. — Bolt. 134.— Micfi. 96. 2.— -Bull. 380. i.

On mofs or leaves bright yeUow; on tanner^s bark pale brown,
and on this laft it fometimes covers a furface of more than a foot
diameter. Haller rhnks it, as Lightfoot obferves, under his genus
Fuligo, with the charaAers of which both this and Lycoperdon
epiphyllum correfpond. Mr. Woodward.

M. fepticus of Lightf. 1073. Mr. Wo odward.

Woods on grafs and other herbage. •^'^5'

VaR. I. White, frothy, large, turning to a black powder.

Bull. 326.

I once found this on the ftump of an elm which had been fawn

voffclofetotheground.ofavery great fize, not lefs than ^ inch
thick in the mafs, and from 12 to 15 inches diameter. It conti-
nued white about 5 days.

Reticularia alba. Bulliard-.

471

SPHz^i'RIA. (Haller.)

,

SiTUAri^Nfon the bark or wood of other plants.

often immerfed, fo that their orifices only are

vifible.

Obs. This genus has been much enlarged, in confequence 0 e
attention lately bellowed upon the minuter fungi, but cannot con
fent to arrange any of the Clavar.as under it though the dif
eoveries of Micheli and fome later botanil^ have

fpecies of Clavaria an agreement in the ftruaure of the Capfuls,

with thofeof the Sphieria, yet Schmidel has demonftrated a limilar
ftruclure in ftill other fpecies of Clavaria, and it mo pro a y p
vails in all, fo that the two Genera mull on this ^ound be me

into one, notwithllanding the very ftnkmg ^ .. t
refpe<5ls. Indeed if this principle were allowed it is probable th.t

the Lichens mud alfo be brought into

to fav v/here the confufion would end. Under th s

ptes are placed which I am aware do not very well

Lrfituation, but as our knowledge is not yet.fufficent to enabk

472

C R Y P T O G A M I A. Funcfi.

us to ftnke out an unexceptionable arrangement of tljem it is tar

Bulliard hasdMJed,heSph»ria of Haller in J^rGeliTr; 'v£
Hypoxylon andVarKTlaria; his genus Spharrocarpus alfo eoiitains

Sphieri'r Buuh! M r' “‘S'"

phaeria s. But though I have not adopted Mr. Bulliard’s method

forreafonsjullnowaffigned, ye, I Z pertaded J^etii

like It will foon be thought neceflary.

* With a Stem.

fuppoHed^nairhTctli. b™vn,

Am fingle or double, fomewhat compre/Ted, 2 inches high and
upwards M fphencal, granulated on thefurface. D.cxs.-Tht '
having been called a Sph^ria by the auth6riiy above-mentioned, -
muft ftand under this genus, but the mode of fruiftiHcation does not
beSucor "“«^dcd to. Its habit fpeaks it to

vvoodsnear Bulflrode, Bucking-
Autumn.

n ,^lau'ca. Naked. Spherules turban-

fliaped, fea green without, white within.^ Bolt.

Bull 470. 2.~BelL 120. 2.—BatfcL i6g.

ftp- h^ecimens and drawing I received from Mr. Knapp the

Boitonl fi^utl””

Lich. caeruleo-nigricans. Relh. 847.

Sphaerocarpus capfulifer. Bulliard

on?dL=tf.r:KT:ptr- ^

J Nov.- Dec.

glaucous

dowrjy

^ i c.nibfc.bb.

downy” fiS?:noT!l'si'’‘’'l '■‘“n-.

downy. Bolt. emlefs, incorporated, fomewhat

Bull 492. u-Bclt, 125.-Mich. 54. orJ. 37. 5.

down^fometim'^^^H' globular, covered with a fnowy

down, fometimes confluent, marked w-ith a few black minute dots,.

7 on

473

, S P H ^ R I A.

bn lofing their down turning black, become indurated and peiitia-
hent. helh blad'. RELH./iip/^/.'ii. 31— Fixed to tht inner bark of
dead btanches, forcing its way through the outer bark. It is ill
Clufters, each cluiler about the flze of a large iTluftard feed* Bolt.

S. obdudia. Bolt.

Decayed wood in Madingley Plantations. ReLh. — On fallen
decaying branches of trees. Bolt. — Aug. Sept. Relh.— Feb. Bolt.

S P H i?: ' R I A vlr'idisi Siiriple* globular^ green. Bark
ferranulatedi Granules brown. BoLTi

O

Boit. 121. 2.

About the fize of a white nluftard feed, green, when dry pale
brown. Bolton*

On fmall flicks and ftenls of plants when in decay*

S P H ^ ' R I A fanguin'edi Si triple) egg-ftiaped* bloods blood coloured
tolouredj perforated at the end* Bolt*

Bofc. 12 1. t.—Btdi. 487. 3.

Thickeft at bottom j the fize of a pbppy feed, in clufters) opening
at the top, blood red, ftlining, white within* Bolton*

Hypoxylon Phzehiceum. Bull. 171.

'On rotten wood bhfide the fpring of Eltil Gragg Well, at Bell
Bank near Blngley, Yofkfhire. June*

SPH^'RIA mo'rii Simplfe) cluftered, fcarktj Very jf^drlet
fmalli WiEG* o/t/. 45*

Bolt. 120. t.~Wieg. obJ.‘2. It.

Cruft hone at all. Spherules in heaps, but not confluent, globular,

•Very fmali, bright fcarlet. Dicks.— Narroweft at the bafe, orange
fcblour when young ; bright fcarict when full grown ; black in decay.

Bolton.

On the decayxd bark 'of trees*

S PH i?: ' RIA grega'ria. Sirrlplfei jii if regular clufterS) gregdrtous
of a red lead colour. Cruft whitifh, tender* WiE&»

'o6/i 43*

Wleg. obf. 2. iOi a.

Cruft thin, frhooth, whitifh. Spkemks very minute, irregularly
crowded, often in a flellated fotm, clofely compadled ; red. Dicks.

On the bark of treesj particularly the cherry. Feb. April.

S P H ^ ' R I A fragtfor'mh. Red, refembling a ftraw- firawberry
berry. Hall* n» 2190* Dicks* 24*

a li

Vul. Ill*

UalL

CRYPTOGAM I A. Fungi,

purple

Hall. emm. 2. 10, at p. gi,7'epr. in hijl. 47. 10, at ii.p. 88.

When yoLing red, when old black. D.cKs—Rough with granu-

latwris; fubftance hard, thick, hollow and black within. Haller

On rotten wood. . ^

' bept.

, SPH^'RIA T’remelloi'des. Compound, folitarv.

j7;-like“ w/ko S/. 4T"''

Bull. 281^. Wkg.-obJ. 3. I, — f,olt. 127. I. — Dill. 18. 6.

Mich. gg. 3, cop. inGled. 6. Mucor.f. 8. a.

This plant is not abfolutely without a ftem, but the ftem is very
fhort and nearly as thick as the top, entering into the fubftance of
the bark on which it grows. In fome fpcciraens the top part is of a
lull yermilhon, and the lower part of a yellowilh colour. In other
fpecimens this order of colour is reverfed. It is common in this
latter variety to find young fhoots growing up clofe to the ftems of
the older plants, the heads of which have the full Vermillion colour.
Tremella purpurea. Linn. Huds. LiGHxr.-Sph. miniata.

On pieces of half rotten fticks, plentiful.

Autumn, Winter, and Spring.

Hack SPH^'RIA ly coper chi' des. Compound, convex,
moRly fohtary. Pith mealy, black. Rind tawny, friable.
WiEG. ob/.^y. n. 10. a.

' . _ Wieg. obf. 3. 2, fl. .

Parafitical, fitting, roundilh, fcattered, at firft tawny, foft fuc-
cuknt, when more advanced the bark falling, they becomh brown and
in^rated, at length opening, appearing quite full of a black corn-
pad powder. Linn./jT?. pi. iv. 626. -Some globular, others
oblong, fomewhat flatted, folitary. Lins. fyjl. not. IH. 234.
Lycoperdon variololum.

On the decayed bark of trees and on flicks. Jan.— Dec.

leafy

SVnj£.'RlA riccioi'dea. (Bolt.)— Leather)^ branch-
ed, tawny, fpreading ; fegments cloven.—

Bolt. 182.

From I to 2 mches diameter ; tough, hari, leather;-, deep tawny,
tfndmgm orange colour. White within. Surface roughith from
. the prominencies cf the tubercles underneath. Bolton.

Onbrancue,sof lallowandhazel when fo decayed as to crufli
between the fingeis.

SPH^'.

S P H ^ R I A. '475

S P H jE ' R I A mammo'fa. Solitary, ftmi-globukr, filnUilobula!r
olive-coloured. Hall. n. 2181.

Mich. 55. ord. 2. i.

Though growing many together, they are never united. Mr.

Woodward.

S. mammiformis. Relh. ni 9871

On rotten wood. ' Sept*

*

S P H ^ ' R T A ritgo*fa. Stenilefs, tluftered, globulaf, rough
afli-coloured, wrinkled, large. Bolt.

Bolt. 123. 2.

From f to t Inch diameter, rough, hard and dry like wood;

Bolton.

Southowram near Halifax, on the bark of dead and fallen elm
branches.

SPHiE'RlA max'hna. Large, thick, black, marked puJlulduT
above with puftules. Web. n. 3*^^* — Haller 2192.—

Dicks. 23.

Bull. 487. i.-^Bolt. i8i.— Mich. 5^. ord. 2. 1*

Pujlules very obvious. Relh. — Grey black, inflated, triable; fur-
face uneven; cells diftindl ; from to of an incli diameter* Bull.

On rotten wood.

S P H iE ' R I A fraxin'ea, Rotindidi, convex, black, ajh
dotted. H.all. n. 2192.— Nearly fitting, puftular. Relh.

lit 10^9* . , . I

Bolt. 180. — Sch^ff. 329.— Ba/k 487; 2 ?- — (Mich. 54. ord. 2. i, ts
Sphctria maxima.)

Convex, fmooth without; fubftance within confifting of a num-
ber of concentric layers compofed of minute tubes or threads point-
ing from the center. Subftance hard ; covered with a thin bark of a
brownilh black, fomewhat wrinkled and rather glofly, grey within*

Ray. — Very irregular in fhapc ; from i to more than i inch dia-
metet. Pujlules iczrctiy vifible to the naked eye. Relh. fuppl. i. 34.—' -
This which is very common, differs from the Sph* maxima in being
more woody and fheWing concentric circles when cut* It is gene-
rally more compleatly fcflile than it is rcprefented in the figures.

Lycoperdon fraxineum. Hudf. — Sph. concentrica. Bolt.

On afh trees when rotten or in a decaying ftate, and obferved on •
no other tree. Ray.

SPHi^i'RIA

knobbed

Jhining

476 CRYPTOGAMIA. Fung!.

o

flif 'Kimii/o'/a. (LioHTF.)_BIack, convex;

flelh bljck. Hall. n. 2187 Stemlefs, incorporated,

tubercled, brown. Spherules of the fame colour! Bolt

W- S. ill- P- 88,

the l ight handjigure is a good reprejentation of it, but is S. depretfa.
—Mich. 54. ord. 2. 2, mujl be a different fpecies as the plants are
Surely concave.— Dill. 18. 7, is S. depreffa.)

h-ntnfl It always grows on the inner

i forcing Its way through the outer bark. Bolt.

Dm r of trees, Lioii rf.-androtten wood.

Uill. Aloit commonly on hazel. Bolt. Sept. Apr

I niofily folitary, nearly

Ditt?’ cracked. Wieg.

yVieg. obf. 2. 14.

i,,!?*'*-’’!!- f °'r" ”7‘=“‘=™8>’ cracked, indofing the fpherules to

Halt their thicknefs. Wi EG. obs.p. 45.

On the bark of trees.

depreffed M defreffa. Stemlefs, incorporated, black.

Bull. 432. 2.— Bolt. 122. i.—Dill. 18. y.—Wieg. obf. 3. >3.— Hall.

enim. 2. g, at p. gi, hift. 47. g, at iii. p. 88.— Mich. 54.
ord. 2. 2 ? o^’

Litenfely black, fliining, hard, granulated, white within. Bolt
On the outer rmd of decaying bjanches of trees. Bolt.

chtjlered SPH^^RIA aggrega'ta. (RELH.)-Aggregated,

_ grafitical, fphaerical, mouth entire. Lightf. io5g.-l
Huds. 653 — Simple, globular, black, fhining. Bolt.

Bolt. 122. 2.— Lightf 31, loioemiof figure, at p. ^^2.— (Mich. ^4.
c extending beyond the fpherules.)

Sm^l, black, about the fize of and refernbling the head of a black
ban pm. Rhl„. fuppl. i. ^ refembling fine

powder. BoLT.-Perfeaiyglnbutar, the fize of fmall pins head"

irWoo‘nWAan"‘''"' “f

zsXiIThJo": ^‘’■•^-I-Vccpccdon nigrum. L.onrr.-Lyc
Trunks of rotten trees and rotten wood. Odl.— May.

Wwef '§o'lt.^“'“''‘'- i-orporated, oblong,’

477

T R I C H I A.

Bolt. 124. — Mich. 54. ord. 37. 2. — Hoffm. 3. 2. e.

About the fize of a flea, blackifh, oblong, with a deep furrow
extending from end to end. Bolton.

Lichen fefiptus. (3 pulicaris. Lightf. 801. j c u- n.

On decayed branches of alh trees. Bolt.— [Norfolk and Suffolk.

Mr. Woodward.]

SPH^'RIA byjfa'cea. Simple, folitar>% very fmall, byfus
black. Cruft fnowy white, powdery. Wieg. Dicks.

Wieg- obj. 2. g.

Cruft white, powdery, fpreading. Wieg. 43.

On the bark of oak trees.

SPH^'RIA Iras'Jtci:. Of various fliapes, black, eahbose
fteflr white. Dicks. 23.

Bolt. u»g. 2.

CtuJI none. Spherules fimple, often confluent, of various fhapes
and fizes, from that of muftard feed to that of a pea. Dicks.

On rotten leaves of cabbage, vulgarly fuppofed to be cabbage
feed, and on rotten roots of parfneps ; common.

T R I C ' H I A.

efaping to Ss "-hoi? toface through openings
made by the reparation of the fibres.

Obs Capfule globular, oblong turban-fhaped, or nearly cylin-
drical, tranfparent, in colour ToTcompofed 'of a

fr:;s“ firftJmpal ‘

feems to differ only in confiftencc.

• With a SteMi

T R I C' H I A m'da. Rufty brown. S«tn bair-Uk^ oahd
Capfule egg-(haped. changing to cylindrical, perforate

,, I.

Stemionitis. /. 2. 5. 6. Q.^toU. 93. i • J i

8i6.— 6'cAf#. 297- TT Sm

2 w 3

47^

■ CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

5/m black fl,ining, extending tbrough the capfaJe up to its top
C plule white, egg-fliapcd ; rufly broAvn vvitliage, and nearly cvlin*
dncal, the fibres of the coat opening fo as to fufFer the feeds to efLne
between them. It varies in a longer or a fhortcr ftem. The whok
plant IS from 3 to 5 lines high. Bull, ^ ^

Clathrus nudus. Linn.

On rotten wood, particularly in hollow flumps. May-Oi^
\ AR . I . Stem broadeft at the bafe. Capfule always eylindrLl.

Bull. 477. 2.

Ruflybrown. Capfule perforated by the ftem. Bulliard.

n the ftimr p of a fir, and on a ' decayed leaf of fir, i^ Coomb

Grove near Bath. Mr. Stackhouse. ‘

purple

TRIG 'HI A denuda'ta. Stem very fhort. CaBruJe
Iheilf®-! n™,.- cupfid at

Bull. po2.\.— Mich. 94. I, ChlhrdJes.—BoU. qa. 2 —laca mire

6. “ /

OXol ScheJF. 207 J '

Stem brown, very nender, about t-aoth o(an inch high.

«oo«y top s-aoths of an inch high ; colour of red brick, com,

Bu/l colour of Vermillion; when very highly magnified

appearing compofed of egg-fbapedfubftances. ^

^The ftem fupports the woolly fubftance, which refembles a roU
of carded wool but does not extend through it. Wholly red, except
the apex winch is brownifh. CaJ^/ule at firft globular, oblong when
older. Jac QUIN. —5/m hardly a line in length, not coiftinucd
through the capfule. Ca/di/le fcarlet or tawny red, egg-fhaped when
young, nearly cylindrical when old, its membrane at the bafe
remaining entire. Bolton. — The capfules in Mr. Bolton’s figures
not fo long, nor does the colour in the young ftate agree with our
fpecimens. Defcnption of Batfch at p. 264, very eood

Clathrus denudatus. Linn.

On rotten wood in damp places. Near Bungay. Mf. Woonw.

.. On the ftump of a tree. Rookery, Edgbafton. June— Oa.

reddij/z: TRIC'HIA

cut round ; red,-

ru’/a. Stem fhort. Capfyle globular^

rri , _ 3^8.1. -T^efomW. 24. i. /ovifi.

The place of this plant m a fyftem is not eafily determined. The
capfule opens homonta ly about its middle, like a fnuff’ box, or
like tne S, \ ef., of the Anagalbs; theupper and under lidremaining

entire:.

T R I C H I A. , 476

entire; therefore it does not agree with the genus Lycopetdon
which opens onlv at the top, nOr does it we I accord w.th the
TrichiaJ^ the eaprules of which ftretch fo as to let the feeds efcape
between the fibres, though i"

fuch reparation of its fibres, more nearly refcmbling the plant in
queftion.

Lycoperdon rufuni. Dicks. 25. 1. - Aug.

On rotten wood. ^

TRIC'HIA /«/'yc7. Stem very fliort, fmooth. Cap- brown
fule globular, wool tawny.

BoU. 93. 3.— 387- 2.-Ha». emm. i. 4, atp. 21, repr. in

’ vaJyfng in colour from fcarlet to yellow

brotn ; wU its rextnre op'ens, the lower part - '-tire on
tlie ftem The whole plant not i - 1 oth of an inch in height.

Sptoocarpus Traioides. Bunn.-Clathrus fulvus. Hons-

[About Bungay. Mr. Woonw^an^^^^

T R I C ' H I A p'oa. Capfule on a ftem. whitifti. r^low
93- 4-M. r»™. t. 3 and 3. <■< f- - = '

ThishS tef iup^M “ be Mucor fphrerocephafos of j-’
whTct it may as Mr. BoltOn remarks that the capfule turns black
after the difeharge of the feeds.

Clathrusflavus. Huds. 631, June— 0<5l;.

On rotten wood.

T R I C ' H I A olMcea. Stem atrd capfule woolly, olm

olive-coloured. Bolt. ^

jBolt. 94* c ..

On putrid weeds when thrown on a heap to rot for manure.

TRIC-HIA/ar/uruVea.' Stem ttaad-lhaped, green, hrmry

Capfule globular, mealy.—

Batjeh 178. '

Clathrus virefeens. Huns. fisc.-Mucor tetaace^.^luNN.

Onthegroundinthelhadeonthclldesotr May— Oft. ' ‘

on rotten wood.

TRIC'HIA

4^0

CRYPTOGAM I A. Fu,i<^.

In tjje cracks of old dry n-ood, at all feafons. Bolton.

iflack

wIofbfeL ^ globular.

„ _, Batfch. 2^2.— Bull. 417. q ?

Head roundilh, after burftinc the low#>r hJjf ^ •

In =n’e,.g,n. K™ 1’“^'

''‘’oiT’ SSdt 6 " ‘l>=%u3SS

B “set H''^b63..-,Cl.recu,i.us. L,N..^M„cor cancellls,
On rotten wood.

[In a wooa in Bucks, n

JVOV. Dec, Ivir, Knapp.J

^llndrlcal

** Stem-less,

» bio'll.

Batfch. I j2,

in clnfters'uponl ctmtn ‘metbtnacjort f” of'ttf Lt™*
Bullurd. Pauu™- Putsch.— Sphxrocarpus fragifomiis

Worcefter. Mr.STfcRBoSsL) ^* P“"“"'ar

turbinated TRTP'Mta* i* ,

Wool yellowil]!. (^uosT^^t.

M U C O R.

4^1

Mich. 94. 2, ClathroideSf cop, in Gkd, 4. Stertionit. f. i, 3, 7«
and A.— Hall. enum. 1.7, at p. 21, repr. in hift. 48. 7, at m,
p. 116.— BoU.gj^. 3.— FI. dan, 655. i.—Scop. ann. iv. 2. u,
—Batjch ij^.-^Bull. 417. 4?

Lycoperdon luteum. Jacq. in fyft. veg. p. 982. Relh. n. 1 103.

-L. epiphyllutn, Lightf. 1069.

0„ Zen wood, lN.ar Bungay. Mr.

1334. MU' COR. Mould.

FnKrus confiftinff of veficles on fruit-Ralks, containing ^
^ number of Lds fi.ed to crofs-n,aped ReceMades.

Ess. Ch.4R. Seeds naked, or in tranfparent Capl^ules at the
end of the ftem,

M U' C O R Muce'do. Stem undivided, fupporting a cotton

{incrie sjlobular Capfule. t-

BA 480. 2.-TI. ion. 467- 4— If ■ 9S-

Mucor, cop. in Gkd. 6, Mucor f. 3. a. f. j-z. n. Sterb. 3 ,

Rill more highly magnified.

On putrid broad planks and other fubftances. Jan.—uec.

MU'COR Stem fupporting a head. Heads

youndlfh^ me ^ 91. I. Afpergillus ; f. D. cop. in Gkd,

On rotStpples, melons, and fuch like fubflances. Jan.-Dee.

MU'COR ro'nVw. Stem haii-liks. Head ^hencal, deny
like a dew-drop, with a black dot at the top. R*v fyn.

48c ..-Bok. .3a. 4-M- lie- 7. «“•

Agaricus'tenX, Hons, 62., „ Cept.

On horfe dung,

M u ’ C O R urceaUtus. Soon fa^ng. Stem above pkier-Ji

IxlTying, tranfparent, like a dew drop Head roundrih,

elajlLc, black. Dicks. 25. Relh. n. 1062.

£<7fM33- »•—

482

CRYPTOGAMIA. Fungi.

ftrown off with =/ ebftic force, "P'

the property of ejeAine the feed-vefTrl in r ^ having
Lycoperdon Carpobolus does, and the head, wtkh
appearing to be replete with feeds like tha CnM ^ ^

mode a diftiocf genu' , .Ms mig afcio e '>=

10 lorne diltance. This membrane is not fugacious like the
a penmen, now 6 or 7 years old, ftiH fhews the remains of Jhe col’

I pled membrane, though the capfules are fallen into pmvder and

gone. Stem, after the explolion of the head lofcs its belling apnear

r:;at if k^ ^ate 7:::rreTaTr;

Tor } ears, if kept 3 jry place. Mr. Woodward.

On horfe dung ; to be found early in a morning.

“ bro^vn^loo?jy briftle-fhaped, with

M. emm. u i, at p. 21, repr. in Aj/?. 48. i , at p. 1 1 6
JE^otten wood. ■

Jan.— Dec,

Stem branching. Fruaifications

On rotten vegetables in woods.

Var. I. Rays of frucilifications few.

_ Bull. 504. qi. q, Afper^illus.

Var. 2. Rays of frucflifications crowded.

r> gi.2. .^f/)e,-o-,7/K5>

rotlen vegetables, and cormped food, in Lift (hady places.

Jan. — Dec.

Ruaificalions in

M U C O R'

483

' BoU. 132. 3.— 504. ‘7.— FI dan. 777. x.^Mich. gx, 4,
Bolrytis, imit. in Gkd. i. Byjjiis, row^. f. i.

Height from i to 2-ioths of an inch. FrudlifiGations like bunches

of grapes.

On a decaying plant of Boletus verficolor

MU'COR chryfofper’mus. (Bull.) Extremely firxe, golden
yellow, confining of Hems fupporting yellow feeds, fingly
Qi in clufters,

^ Bull 476. 4, and 504. 1 .

Covering the whole furface of the plants on which they grow, and

ftaining the fingers yellow. -d , i,- v

I have repeatedly found it, but always upon Boleti which grew m

fhady plac^ ; generally on the Boletus pellucidus.

It has the fame property-of repelling wet as has been obferved in
the feeds of the Lycopordium. A fpecimen now before me is not
wetted though it has been immerfed in a fluid for a year.

M U'C OR Spreading, white, confifling of whit^

extremely fine woolly filaments fupporting feeds.— ^

■ This appears upon fome of the fmaller ftipitated Boleti, covering
Sf the pileus and upper part of the ftcnr. It la more dur-

°‘’unde”r Ihe tegSmp'’o”>'“> Edgbafton Park. Aug Sept.

The Boleti on which either this or theM.chryfofpermusare found,
are always in a very tender half rotten ftate^

MU'COR Lichemi'des. Permanent. Stem awl- gry-hiM
(taped; black. Capfule lentil-lhaped, allr-coloured.-
Dill. 14.3.— Hail. li/!. 48. 2. referredtoty

Mr Hudfon, but that is a Trichia.

The bafis black, pitchy, elevated. Head hemifpherical above.

underneath plano-concave, with a round edge, ^ "n/

cvesof the apothecaries, afh-coloured, of the fizeof poppy feed. Linn.

fuec n 1287.— When the fruftification of this plant IS a little bettc

unLftood it muft be removed from its prefent fituation, the per-
manent woody texture being fo unlike the tender and fugacio s
Mucors, I was favoured with fpecimens by Mr. Knapp, wlio
remarks that he has never feen it grey, but always black.

Clathruscinereus. Huds. 631. Jan.— -Dec.

On rotten wocd^ J • *

MU'COR

484

CJR Y P T O G A M I A. Fungi.

^HV’COZ lepro'fas. Brmie-fhaped. Seeds at the

Mick. Qi, 5, Aspergillus.

Caverns and arched cellars. p

Sept.— April,

MIe ^MV'C OH Erys'ifke. White. Heads brown, fit-

On decaying leaves, ' .

^ Aug. Sept,

ADDI,

/

0

S-H====5S-HiSaaasHHB^^

s. ■

additions ^

%

TO THE

)

TWO FIRST VOLUMES.

additions, ,

N

^ 9;

f ’ ■ -• *

k '

additions,

Page 12. VERONICA anagalUs. FI dan. 903.— Gsr. &c.

^2 "VERONICA 7no?ifana. After Ciirt. add, Coi. ec/»nr. 288,

cop. in Rt. 51 . 4, <^nd. Park. 589. 3.

Dele ftf. 51. 4* ... A •

VERONICA triphyllos. J. B. in. 368. i, a young fpeemm.

Mr. Woodward. , r

Stem foraetimes fimple. Branches from the bottom of
the ftem or near it, and rifmg to the fame height ^as the
Rem. Leafls in threes and fives. Root-leaves limple,
rarely found, well reprefented in J. B. s figure. Mi.

Woodward. , _ . 1. .4

J- VERONICA verna. Leaves in one fpecimen gatheni

near Bury, fpear-fiiaped, toothed, 7 lines long, though
the whole plant only 2 inches high. Mr. Woodw.aud.

fl. dan. Leaves never Jo acutely pointed, nor have 1 feen

them Jo thinly Jet on the Jtem. Capjules reprejented as lopped

injlead of deeply notched. Mr.W^oovvjAKD.

NARCISSUS poelicus. Honey-cup very fhort, yellow.

Pela/i large, whitifh. Ray.

Primrofe. Peerlefs.

SCIRPUS maritimus e Fl.dan.g^j.—Ger.H^c.

P H L E U M arenarium. FI. dan. 91

A G R O ST I S fiolonfera, capillarisjylv.albapumda, Lio ht r

probably Hudf. right in making thefc all varieties, h- .

A^' PamWe fcarcely ever coming out of

the fheath.'^ No plant alters its appearance more com-
pletely when cultivated than this, growing much larger,
^Relpright, and lofing entirely its grey colour. Mi.

Woodward.

- S':. PO A aqualica. FI. dan. 920.— H. ox. &c.

-m! POA iM. Line. 5, crafe panicle .nd. he rcR of tl,.

line and all the next. Mr. Wo o dw ar d.

POA pratenjis. Mr. Curtis’s fpecihc ctocftc

and P. M invariably true C' . ey

famefynonymsofRay, &c. under each, becaufc they

had confounded the 2 fpecics. Mr.

^34-

50.
• 62.
-72.

.87.

A D D i T i O N S • T O the

ge 88. P O A mariflm. If the Poa retroflexa of Curtis is not 3
variety of R maritima, it is very nearly allied to if. Mr'
Woodward.

Very common at Yarmouth and on thecbtift. Mr Wood’

WARD . ■

102.

FESTTJCA « HuDs.-Myfpecimerts fii(;htJy

'^ery fhort fruit-ftalks!
EmpaL valvfes hairy at the edge, marked with 7 ftronr

ribs. Blofs. outer valves hairy at the edgfe^ and marked

with 5 ftrong ribs. Mr. Woodward. ^

F E S T U C A pinnata B HuDs.--My fpecimens flightly
pubefcent. 5^^ abfolutfely fitting. Empal. znd Blofl
sin a, but the hairs and ribs ftronger. Mr. Wood-

A R D •

1 1 8. A R U N D O drenma. FI. dan. qiy qx fee
20. J.K1JJCUM jmceum. FI. dan 016 P R

.47. s ang uis ORB A oJlcMU. [Ext;en,dy’commM

n lnneftone_ paftures in the North. On the Eaft fide of

”iet with it farther to the South-
1^7 G A W Hpntingdonfliire. Mr. Woodward.]

D ^ (References add.) Wak ^

'''■ AftercllSnfl.

^ ^ ^ After Curt, infert Fl^

^ S C U M, Lychnitis « and /?. Mr. Curtis,
who cultivated them fome years in his garden, declared
hecould not find any fpecific difference. I am apt to
think the Verbafeums run eafily into hybrids, w'
plants having flowered near my garden thilyear which
em to be betiveen V. nigrum and pulvcridmtum, and this
arcumftance might occafion the difficulty Mr. C. found

"arfe::;reN''1^

\ ries extremely, and in fome fhady fituations this wet

powdery appearance
tevef P'-op^r for the root.

end Lt n, 4 ''“■r 'l>ot to oval fpear-ftaped

and fpeai-fhaped, and fometimes have the mandns

I'lSaib always with ftort

tendeni^f; fometimes with a

tendency to embrace the aero, which makes them heart.

fliaped

-25

XWG FIRST VOLUMES.

fhapcd at the bafc. They are oval fpear-fhaped, or
ra.ther fhortlv pointed. The upper narrow and pointed.

I believe it will be bell on Curtis’s authority to make

them varieties. Mr. WooDW.^RD. •

I>aee2<57. BETA vianlima. [Yarmouth, and at Wells on

Norfolk Coaft. i>Ir. Woodward.]

2^2 C AUC ALIS Amhrijais. Alter Jacg. infert FL dan. giQ*
ZI adi'. S E L I N U M pdnjlr,. H. ox. kafis too large and loofe^
andlh jlm Jmooth.-Loh. Uaves well reprejenled but not
the rundle, but it has evidently numerous Jims^ though the root
tZh many^f lefts, and the Jim Jcored.-Bauh. pr. the beft /

- have Seen Mre the root not fingle, aujmnng :n every other
particular. Mr. Woodward. . . _

jg,. SIUM [tn the pool mNotUngtam Park. Dr.

tUSSILAGO hybnda, [At Dtlhley Mill, Leiceftet

ChSrOPkVlLUM imulm. After Jecj. mfert

_,.4 pI'NrPINELLA masm, [in HoUing Hall Wood;

n" sfuS^^J^r'lnfome clofea at EellowHill,

nta^Uitechurch, Vhelhire.

r8 —In feveral places near Harefield. ^lackjl. ib.

_-366. ifERBERIS fbee'lnVuS of honey

"";^.;ri:reads.h=.ips’appr^^^^^^^

tS^dth'a pit horlrtwnjp^ ”5!-

376. R U M E X Acetofella. References. Curt. 5

Blackvv.&c. /! Ft-pir Curt infert FI.

_ ggo. E P I L O B I u M montanum. After Lurt.

/o lTg O N U M ooicai^. The ftubWea in Sweden

_!l. ic^FA&S »»». After Lemcl. .69.

Infert Dod. 115. * « oia-J.B.&c.

r; fi. A^RN ARi A - of

la^Hn- I don't know what fpecles
that is. Mr. Woodward.

489

Vol. III.

Page

490

■509-

•532-

•552.

additions to I'HE

Page^478. CERASTIUM alpinum. Light/, lo. 2, at p. 242, as
evident from the Jigure of the capjule. Retz. oi/. iJi. 02.

n. 54. • ^

P R U N U S fpinofa. FI. dan. 926.— Sheldr. &c.
POTENTILI.A argentea. Munting. Leaves 7, 5,
and 3, M^ell exprefled, with the terminal without lateral
feiiatures, the blolTom and empalement in every flower
with 4 clefts. A very good figure, except that the plant
is reprefented upright inftead of trailing. Mr. Woodw.

■ P A P A V E R dubium. After Curt, infert FI. dan. 902.

- 589. A J U G A reptans. After Curt, add, FI. dan. 02

- 569. THALICTRUM fiavum. FI. dan. 93 9.— Morif. &c.
-571. RANUNCULUS Flanmula. References (add)

Wale. 5. '

-603. GLECHOMA hederacea y Bloflbms flelh coloured.
Blackst. 33.

r Oxfordfliire. in BlacM. Apr.

608. GALEOPSIS Tetrahit After Riv. add, FI. dan. 020.
-620. CLINOPODIUM vulgare. Fl. dan. 903 .— Cluf

-63,. PRUNELLA After ull infot R

dan. 910.

^^^-'A^PYRUM arvenfe. Fl.da71.Qi1. — Riv &:c

- 6i6. ANT I R R H I N U M i™. mL Cvilnte

r/. dan, gig.

- 650. ANT I r' R H I N U M Oronikn,. After Cm. infert
■ft. dan. 941.

-659. Line 27, read thus:— upper lip roundifli, cloven; the
and wkh^r^^’ middle fegment largeft,

^71' LEPidiuM didymum. Not L. didymnm of Linn. Mi-
Woodward.

■ 692. SISYMBRIUM ,„re>e. After CuH. infert f7
dan. 931.

696. E R Y S I M U M AHmiu. After Cm. infert Tl. dan.
935* \

erysimum cheiranthoides. After Jacq. infert Fl.
dan. 923, /rom a very luxuriant fpecimen.

^ ^ 924,

nd after Rupp, infert Fl, dan, 921.

A.R A BIS fliipia. After Crantz (add) Scop. 40, at ii,
p. 27. 2 1 2

Arabis arenofa. Scop. u.

T?T A ^ ^ ^{fedlim. Fl. dan. 936.— Vaill. &;c

750. M A L V A mofehata. After Curt, infert Fl. dan. 905.

Page

-697.
■ 700.

702.

TWO FIRST VOLUMES.

43

Page 751. FUMARIA officinalis. After Cart, add, FI. dan. 940.

790. TRIFOLIUM Mdilotus officinalis. FI. dan. 934. —

Gmel. &c.

827. TRAGOPOGON pratenfe. After Ludw. infcrt '

FI. dan. 906.

849. HIERACIUM paludojum. FI. dan. 928. — Ger. &c.

862. CICHORIUM Intybus. After Curt, infert FL

dan. 907.

879. ONOPORDUM AcantUum. FI. dan. gog. —

Fuchf. &c.

gii. SENECIO Jacobtea. FI. dan. 944.— Matth. 8cc.

976. ORCHIS maculata. FI. dan. 933. — Hall. &c.

983. O P H R Y S Nidus avis. After FI. dan. (add) T’ourn. '

250. 3, root and parts of fruBifcation.

lOi 5. C H A R A vulgaris. Hediv. theor. 32 and 33. C. B. &c.

1022. TYPHA angujlifolia. After FI. dan. (add) Toum. 301.

1 023. SPARGANIUM ere&um. References — after

H. ox. (add) Tourn. 302, a branch.

1024. SPARGANIUM fmplex. Huds. After Curh

infert FI. dan. 932.

1

i! 1 a

ADDI«

additions

TO T H li

third volume.

I

a I 3

additions.

> s

I

A

V

Ifi

0 O

" T . .'^'4'

I ib a' A

• \

iif-

.V -t’ 6 T 1

r

.d M U J o Y • ^

r»-i

t* t

r .

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r

- Y .

k-,.'.

I . ,

xC'K OIT xr T/i

• • ’ . • » ,

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*■ • • » . . -S ' .

' I-

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'Y

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s

'v

)

>

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' 7 -•■■

» ^

.->:..:4i

I-'C''

I

1

V

'.'^v

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■Y

«, ;

additions,

52.

• 64.

-68.

■ 69.

Paae After line 6 (add) Leat;c5 fpear-Ihaped, with winged clefts,

° from 4 to 5 inches long, i Inch broad, leaf-ftalk naked,

i of the length of the leaf. Segments alternate, very
entire, femi-oval, green above, thickly covered with
brown fcales underneath. Mr. Gough.

After line g, (add) On old walls cemented with mortal-
containing a portion of. clay, and in a fimilar fod in the
hlTures of limeftone, on the higheft part of Kendall

fell. Mr. Gough.

After line 8, (add) Jacq. mife. ii. 7.

At the bottom, after, alternate. Dill, (add) Fruit Italk
generally with 2 equal fpikes, frequently with i, and
Lmetimes with 3, which are unequal. Mr. Gough.

After line 7, (add) The Seeds fiafh when thrown inm. a
flam" nd it i laid ufed i. Theatres to imitate
lightning. They are with difficulty made wet, an^d
feittered^pon a bafon of water you may dip your hand
to the bottom of the bafon without wetting it.

After line 21 , add, Dill.

In the margin, inftead oi heath, read crowded.

In the margin, inftead of dwarf , read, little.

In the margin, line 3, ior ftarry, read, Jlellated.

Line i , dele Jungermannia.

Line 1, for MUSCI, write. ALG^-
Line I, for MUSCI, write, ALM.

I ine I, for MUSCI, write, ALGA.
TARGTONIA jbheerocarflus. V ery common on ou
Mds in Aufumn, on fandy loams along w.th
Kiccia glauca, the firft yeai of the clover. Mr. W ooow.
In the margin, for brown, write, Byps.

In the margin, for blmlh, write, blue and black.

Line 27, before Willd. 7. 20, infert, not.

168. In the margin, for wall, write lentil.

. 17c. In the margin, iov yellou', write yellcmjh.

Page

•75
■97
• 103.
- 106.

- 141.
- 143'

- «47'

- 15*'

- 157

■ 165.
165.

49^

ADDITIONS TO THE

Page 177. In the margin, for tefe, write, crmm-cdovnd.

• 177. In the margin, for bliM, write, aih-colound.

■ — — 170. In the rnat-gin, hr pale, write pallid:

—— 231. In the rnargin, for fringed, write, Trenjella.

^ 207. Line 31 , for Bolt. 131.6, read. Bolt. 13 1 .

^' 228. Line 2, before MtcL (infert) ftW/. 272'.

-— 23c). F U C U S tamcrifdfolius. Major Velley defires, that
n-hat {lands there in his name may be cancelled, and the
following defeription fubRituted in its place.

The bale deRitute of fibres and flat on the under fur-
face, which by means of a gluten peculiar to fea plants,
IS Rrongly attached to the fubmarine rocks. It throws
out 3 or 4 tough cylindrical Rems, of the fize of a qmll •
abounding with many knotty {hoots, fome are fimple’
not more than an inch in length, with very fhort leaves
clofely fet into the Rem ; others are more lengthened
and terminate with thick cluRers of imbricated branches
fimilar to themfelves. Not unfrequently linear leaves
paay be obferved, extending to an inch or more, and
producing others which terminate in a forked diredlion.
The plant is much branched, from 4 to 6 or 7 inches in
height, and more in width, the fmaller branches are
numerous, and proceed indiferiminately from the
principal ilems, and are nearly tiled, at leaft towards
the fummits with fhort awl-fliaped leaves; many of
thefe are fwollen at their bafe into round veficles, and
thele fmall protuberances appear fometimes bare on
tl^ branches, as if the fummits of the leaves had fallen
off. §ome ot the upper branches have a rernarkable

appearance, fomewhat refembling the fmall fliields on

tome Lichens, which have hollow contradled. difes and
liTooth prominent margins. This Fuqus is found cii
lubmanne rocks at very low water, anc^ is readily dif-
covered by thq bright glaucous tints which are refledied
from It. It dries black, but if well preferved ivill retain
on its upper branches, a mixture of muddy green colour,
from whence thofe beautiful tints originate in its
natural Rate.

- *46. U C U S cilia/ns. In the references, after Gml. he
21. 2, erafe all to- , Thurn.

• 254. Line the laR, dele and read FI. 18.

FUCUS defraohs Read ULVAy?/-rac?a. (Pi. ,8.'
le plant which I had named Fucus defracRus,' I think
f n.moic matiue.del'.berqtion is more properly an
Uiva, as from its vifcid elaftic texture, and The tuberru-

latcd

497

T'HIRD volume.

lated appearances on every part, it ftiould feem, accord-
ing to the prefent imperfedl definitions cxf thefe different
genera, to belong to the genus UL V A. It ismore^vei
necelTary to remark, that although I frequently- found it
in the month of June, 1790, Ihave not been aUe to find
it lince, and poflibly from not being upon, the coaft till
later in the year; which eircumftance prevented me
from meeting with the Eueps elrnjnthoides laft Sept,
there not being the fmallell appearance of-it at that late
feafon. Major Velley,

280. After the word plant in the fixth lipe, erafe * and place

f . Do the fame to the .note at the bottpm of the fame
page. , t

284. After the EfT. Char, add, .

§ I. SOLID and DECURRENT^

(To follow Ag. integer, page 317.) ^ . ;■ 1 j

AGA'RICUS punie'eus. ^Gills white, 4 in a fet ; hght-rec{
Pileus pinky, convex. Stem white.— r.

Gills fixed, white, rather numerous, 4 in afet. ^

PiLEUs convex, dull pinky red, clothy, fometimes a- little boiled ;

nearly flat when ^lly expanded, i to i of an inch over.

Stem folid, white, often crooked, about i inch high, .and thick as a

crow quill. r t-r

Grafs plats, adjoining to the houfe of Thomas Pearfon, Liq. at

Tettenhall, Staffordlhire. 38th Auguft, 1792.

Page 333. Line 4, after 364. A. (add) fee our PI. i g.

(To follow Ag. partitus, page 357.) - ^ ^

AGA'RICUS otlogo'nus. Gills pale brwm, 4 in a oaagon
fet, but lome in pairs and much broader, a. Pileus brown,
convex, oftagonal. —

Gills fixed, 4 in a fet, but irregular, pale watery bmwn, white at
the edges. Befides the above, there are 8 -pair of large Gills,
thrice as broad as the common large ones, whbfe edges approach
and feem united in flairs, but as their attachment to the pileus
is at fome diftance from each other, and the.lowet edges incline
fo as to come in contadf, if not to gtow to 'each other, there is
neceffarily a confidcrable cavity included betweeh them. This
pavity is fometimes empty, but fomaim^s inclofes a Gill of the
common fize. The external a ppearance of 'tfiefe; pairs of large
Gills is not unlike a large feed of arf orange.

Pi LEU'S pale watery brown, convex, ^-Sths of an inch over, the e gc
formed into as many projedihg angles' as fbere are pairs of t e
large Gills deferibed above. Stem

I

498

additions, kc.

2 inch high, thinner
2^th Auguft,

Stem watery brown, with a fmall hollow,
than a crow quill.

- Edgbafton, by the little Pool dam.

AGARICUS fujco-jlavus. (See page 359.)

Var. I. Pileus regularly convex. Stem Ihort, thin, with a flender
hollow.

Gills fixed, ochrey brown, 4 in a fet, moderately numerous.

Pileus regularly convex, pale buff, darker in the center, if to 2
inches over.

Stem hollow, brown ifh, cylindrical, fplitting, if inch high, thick as
a crow quill ; the hollow very fine.

On a flower bed in the garden, Edgbafton, 33d Aug. 1792,

Page 402. Line 3, for bet'ulinus (read) betuli'nus.

B O I, E T U S Julphureus. (See p. 424.)

Var. 2. Pileus white.

: Tubes yellow, not t-2oth of an inch in length. Pom yellow, irre-
gular.

Pileus white, covered with a very fine kind of woolly knap ; marked
with 3 or 4 concentric depreffed lines or furrows ; 4 or 5 inches
over; thin and without tubes at the edge.

On an oak poft, at Soho, about a foot from the ground* Aug,
1*^2^ 435- Before PEZIZA (add) 1331,

INDEX

499

INDEX

TO THE

THIRD VOLUME,

Acroftichum 48

Adiantum 64

Agaricus 284

Anthoceros 163

Afplenium 5 1

Auricularia... 432

Blafia 160

Boletus 406

Bryum 91

Buxbaumia 77

Byffus 274

Clavaria 449

Conferva 261

Equifetum 40

Fiftulina 405

Fontinalis 75

Fucus 234

Helvella 429

Hydnum 426

Hypnum 1 1 6

Ifoetes 67

Jungermannia 14 1

Lichen 164

Lycoperdon 460

Lycopodium ^8

Marchantia

Merulius

Mnium

84

Mucor

Nidularia

Ophiogloffum

Ofmunda

Peziza

Phallus

Phafcum.

Pilularia

66

Polypodium

55

Poly trichum

Pteris

Reticularia

Rirria

Sphagnum

Sphaeria

Splachnum!

Targionia

Tremella

Trichia

Trichomanes

64

Tuber

INDEX

d.

M'

a

3 -J .a, -5

099*>1 )‘ : .-;

' -,(-. St,:

........ ' s/yftojsis

.. • . .. ..ealjjBfwn

:'?s .V

J ■ * • '

'. * v . - - '■ 1

i

■' =• •.' .i.si(,h

■tV"

* \

' J 7 ' ^ ■■'->•%

^ f ■ »•'«?. 1 'i :•

-- , ^0Tr' i^,3Mv'|-,

■IOC ■, _ ■•

..' -V1'^ .trio •>

• - ■ • ci' '.-. 3

•1 C'-'. ■ ■ - ^

, ’ ' no ■^. .

- ' ?.p

dog -
Q3i ..

t

&

O ’

•.2t(.‘.v<:..^.

, -ft ‘C,’

luisn'iji- :

%.?C •:•

iUj£gl/ i - ,

■"^c ■

•.cH^X, j, _/

o« ,-;

- ?UirUj,iti,y

■ ■■■ SijJfbiql'Uji

rf?

C'v . , .

■jt

S:iraiol:r{;'v?

I K . ■ . , .

f;-.

0^:

-■ 'M-tli .

^•v'.‘. . Mr' ■

,. . i

• ■'•fcf -^4-^ J

- J4* J ^ - . J .'

*-

- - Uti^r .

* . /

r ; <

' i;:hJbi. ■; 'v:

’’’'li** -^1*

.■.■?5.' ■ r<

0„

501

I

N ' D

X

TO THE

A G A R I C S-

acris

adiiftus

aeruginofus 3°5

aeftiviis 3°P

agreftis 209

albus 334

alneus 4®3

amethyflinus 3°^

androfaceus 264

appendiculatus

applicatus 4°*

aquofus 37°

araneofus * 32*

argenteus 354

atro-rufus 3°4

auratus 32°

) 3°7

aurantius | ^^2

auriconius 354

avellaneus 339

f

badius 34°

betuUnus 4° 2

332

calyciformis 326

campanulatus 394

campeftris 342

canaliculatus 39°

Caefareus 33°

cafeus 287

caftaneus 29^^

ceraceus 369 '

cinnamomeus 3^4

cinftulus 396

cinereus 393

circumfeptus 358

clavus 339

clypeatus 3^°

dypeolarius 379

collariatus 375

colus 3^3

compreffus 354

conchatus 399

concinnus 35°'

confertus 333

congregatus 3^2

connatus 328

contiguus 3° 2

coralloides 292

coronatus 373

corrugatus 3°5

craflipes 3°°

croceus 3*9

cumulatus 292

cufpidatus 3°|

cyaneus 32°

cyathiformis 285

cyalhoides 3*°

5^2 INDEX TO THE Agarics.

delicatulus .
deliciofus .

depreffus

dimidiatus

dryophyllus

durus

dulcis

eburneus

elafticus

elephaniinus

equeftris

exaratus

extinftorius

faetidus

farinaceus ...
fafcicularis ...
fimbriatus

ficoides

fimi-putris ....

fiffus

fiabelliformis

fiavus

fioccofus

fragilis, /

fragrans

fulvus

furfurofus
fufco-albus ....
fufco-flavus

Georgii

glaucopus

gracilis

graveolens

hinnuleus

horizontalis',

Hypni

jecorinus

illitus

infuiidibuliformis

296 integer

298 irregularis

306 labyrinthiformis

398 lacer

3% laciniatus

345 la6ticaulis

299 Ia6iifluus

lacriinalis

285 lacrimabundus

3^3 iatus

3^9 leucocephalus

390 ligatus

396 Lifteri

37^ livido-rubefcens .

livido-purpureus.

401 luridus

346 luteus

372 luteo-albus

305

400 macer

361 mammofus

366 marginatus

■;•••• 399 meleagris

390 melleus

371 membrariaceus ..

328 xninutulus

307 mollis

304 momentaneus

308 morus

380 mufcarius

mutabilis

necator ....

nemoralis ,

niveus

nuceus

obelus

ochraceus .

o6logonus .
cedeniatopus

opacus

orcades ....

orichalceus ^

317

347

397

307

360

323

295

358

388

343

312

357

288

300

366

345

344

383

362

345

386

379

362

290

344

400

392

373

309

3^*5

303

350

346

384

286

380

497

330

307

335

...... 322

oltreatus

INDEX TO THE AGARICS.

oflreatus

ovalis

ovatus

palmatus

partitus

parvus

398

355

391

341

357

peronatus

329

pilofus

295

piluliformis

381

piftillaris

piperatus

planus

399

plicatilis

395

plumbeus

355

plumofus

313

primula

procerus

pfittacinus

pulvinatus

338

puniceus

purpureus

357

purpurafcens ...

356

quercinas

- 403

radicatus

335

reniiormis

rimofus

reticulatus

389

rofellus

rofeus

rubefcens

294

nibens

341

ruber

rutilus

ferofus

feffilis

fordidus

fplendens

fquamofus

ftipitis

fiib-purpurafcens

fub-carneus

fub-caeruleus

fulcatus

tenuis

tener

terreus

teftaceus

tigrinus

tortilis

truncatus

tubaeformis

turbinatus

umbellifeiiis

umbilicatus

umbonatus

umbraculum

>

vaccinus

varius

velatus

velutipes

verficolor

violaceus

viridarius

viridis

vifoidus

vulpinus

faccharatus ..

IcariofiK

femiglbbatus
I’emiovatus ..

377 xerampelinus
370 xy lopes

374

394 zonarius ......

294

397

221

334

328

314

323

370

356

344

370

3,59

311
20 1
287
320
318
302
301

349

348

290

289

321

35 r

290

39 J

293

325

363

220

305

359

331

384

316

TO

BOOKS,

Printed for G. G. Jf. Sf Jf. ROBIA^SON, Bdokfellers, PcUemoJler-Row,

LONDON.

AN ACCOUNT of the FOXGLOVE, and fome
of its Medical Ufes: with Pra6lical Remarks on
Dropfy, and other Difeafes;

By WILLIAM WITHERING. M. D.

Price ^^Ith a plain Plate, 4s. 6d. with a coloured do. 5s.

Aljo, by the fame Author, Price 2s. 6d.

OUTLINES of MINERALOGY, tranflated
from the original of Sir Torbern Bergman; with
NOTES* -

TO THE BINDER.

Place Plate XIX. to face tlie Introdu6lion,

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