% ■ . WKM f v'^'.VL*- •’v'V: '-ic' >*• ? «*■ ".&’' " • • ry.'. •' 1 ' 4-;'- : *■., M .///. •• •' •• . J LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS Own? ?f^r ’r’+^EWr r.iL * 1 . i . 1 } .* UNIVERSITY SERIES VI v ,7 :7--v7 *; ,7 i*,7vx:.-, ■ V/' a if’ v Al OF MW. FRi ;V, 77 Pf fe : f# PART II. AGASSIZ TO BLEEKER, 1833-1858, TWENTY-SIX YEARS WITH THE ACCEPTED TYPE OF EACH. ' L-,v E|k YfA ;Vfa ,V> §w*v.: •77 7V;? 7 R&iW' r» ;; - v ; v .w.. .tc*. ;•/ ' ■ . ■ Hllligigi BY DAVID STARR JORDAN •MMi mt-f: s m Member of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature ; 5$r PaTv w . ‘ • \}f % M > • • A J \ v . • w v • . . . , *• i v . . Hhfifcj -vX Wkmmm P'lvB- u&S 11 ■ 7 : > ' MM, jj-'V," :■ . i'i?: SS 4mV3kt&- STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 1919 mSmm UNIVERSITY SERIES Inheritance in Silkworms, L Vernon Lyman Kellogg, Professor of Entomology. 89 pp., 4 plates. 1908. Price $1.00. The Opisthobranchiate Mollusca of the Branner- Agassiz Expedition to Brazil. 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A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STABILITY OF SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE BY DAVID STARR JORDAN Chancellor-Emeritus of Stanford University Member of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 1919 V ■ ^ A r*9'- { Stanford University Press r WELLCOME INSTITUTE 1 l ! BPARY 1 weSf/tOmec j [CalM 1 No. ' tec- □ CONTENTS Page Introductory Note . 163 Additions, Etc., to Part 1 . 167 7. Houttuyn, Historie, 1764 . 167 9. Muller, Delineationes, 1767 . 167 10. Geoffroy, 719 Plantes, 1767 . 168 17A. Gronow, Pteraclis, 1772 . 168 17B. Giildenstadt, Sterleta, 1772 . 168 20. Klein, Schauplatz, I, 1775 . 168 31A. Klein, Schauplatz, VIII, 1779.... 168 31 B. Brunnich, Vaagmaer, 1788 . 168 45. Bloch, Ausldndische, IX, 1795.... 168 47. Volta, Ichthyolithologia, 1796.... 169 55. Bloch & Schneider, Systema, 1801 169 56. Lacepede, Poissons, IV, V, 1803 169 56 A. Lacepede, Nouvelle Hollande, 1804 . 169 56B. Bory, Afrique, 1804 . 170 67. Dumeril, Cyclostomes, 1808 . 170 72. Rafinesque, Caratteri, 1810 . 170 75A. Perry, Arcana, 1811 . 170 75B. Humboldt, & Valenciennes, Voy¬ age, 1811 . 170 85. Rafinesque, Analyse, 1815 . 170 91. Cuvier, Regne Animal, I, 1817.... 171 92. Oken, Isis, 1817 . 171 97. Blainville, Fossiles , 1818 . 171 108. Goldfuss, Handbuch, 1820 . 171 110. Hamilton, Ganges, 1822 . 172 112. Van Hasselt, Java, 1823 . 172 119. Konig, leones, 1825 . 172 119A. Le Sueur, New Salmo, 1825.... 172 119B. Adanson, Histoire Naturelle, 1825 . 172 121. Risso, Meridionale, 1826 . 173 121A. Riley, Squaloraia, 1826 . 173 128. Riippell, Rothes Meer, 1828 . 173 128A. Thienemann, Lehrbuch, 1828.. 173 132. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, II, 1828 . 173 134. Agassiz, Brazil, 1829 . 173 135. Cuvier, Regne Animal, II, 1829.. 173 136. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, III, 1829 . 173 Page 136A. Smith, South Africa, 1829 . 174 136B. Bancroft, Sea Devil, 1829 . 174 142. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, 1830 . 174 143 Bennett, Sumatra, 1830 . 174 143A. Bennett, Mauritius, 1830 . 174 146A. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, VII, VIII, 1831 . 175 146B. Bonaparte Saggio, 1831 . 175 147A. Eichwald, Rossice, 1831 . 176 150A. Gray, Miscellany, 1831 . 176 151B. Munster, Petrefakten, 1832 . 176 151 C. Couch, British Fauna, 1832...... 176 151D. Nardo, Pesci nuovi, 1832 . 176 151E. Krynicki, Schilus, 1832 . 176 152. Minding, Lehrbuch, 1832 . 176 153 Nilsson, S candinavioe , 1832 . 176 153A. Reinhardt, Gronland, 1832 . 176 164. Agassiz, Fossiles, II, IV, 1833.... 177 165. Brandt & Ratzeburg, Medezi- nische, 1833 . 177 166. Cocco, Peloritani, 1833 . 178 167. Cocco, Lettere, 1833 . 178 168. Cocco, Messina, 1833 . 178 169. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, IX, 1833 . 178 170. Gray, Illustrations, 1833 . 178 174, 172. Lowe, New Genus, 1833 . 179 173. Lowe, Madeira, 1833 . 179 174. Nardo, Skeponopodus, 1833 . 179 175. Reinhardt, Skandinavisk, 1833.... 179 176. Agassiz, Fossile Fische, 1834 . 179 177. Agassiz, Bohmen, 1834 . 180 178. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, V, 1834 . 180 179. Costa, Cenni, 1834 . 180 180. Griffith, Cuvier, 1834 . 180 181. Henle, Narcine, 1834 . 180 182. Munster, Rabenstein, 1834 . 180 183. Quoy & Gaimard, Astrolabe, 1834 . 180 184. Agassiz, Karpfen, 1834 . 180 IV THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Page 185. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, 1835. 181 186. Agassiz, Glarner-S chief er , 1835 181 187. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, X, 1835 . 181 188. Gottsche, Pleuronectes , 1835 . 181 189. Joannis, Nil, 1835 . 182 190. Meyen, Peru, 1835 . 182 191. Muller, Myxinoiden, 1835 . 182 192. De la Pylaie, Recherches, 1835.. 182 193. Ruppell, Abyssinien, 1835 . 184 194. Schultze, Hexabranchus, 1835.... 184 195. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, III, 1836 . 184 196. Agassiz & Hibbert, Burdiehouse, 1836 . 185 197. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, XI, 1836 . 185 198. Heckel, Scaphirhynchus, 1836.... 185 199. Heckel & Fitzinger, Acipenser, 1836 . 185 200 Lienard, Maurice, 1836 . 185 201. Miinter, Capitosaurus, 1836 . 185 202. Richardson, Arctic, 1836 . 185 203. Richardson, Boreali- Americana, III, 1836 . 186 204. Ruppell, Nil, 1836 . 186 205. Yarrell, British Fishes, 1836 . 186 206. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, III, V, 1837 . 186 207. Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, III, 1837 . 186 208. Cantraine, Messina, 1837 . 188 209. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, XII, 1837 . 188 210. Egerton, Fossil Fishes, 1837 . 189 211. Fitzinger, Natterer, 1837 . 189 212. Fries, Pterycombus, 1837 . 189 213. Geinitz, Muschelkalk, 1837 . 189 214. Heckel, Beitrdge, 1837 . 189 215. Kutorga, Dorpat, 1837 . 189 216. Muller & Henle, Haifische, 1837. 189 217. Muller & Henle, Cartilaginous Fishes, 1837 . 189 218. Redfield, Connecticut, 1837 . 190 219. Reinhardt, Bythites, 1837 . 190 220. Smith, Squalus, 1837 . 190 221. Thompson, Echiodon, 1837 . 190 222. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, III, IV, 1838 . 190 Page 223. Buckland, Bagshot Sands, 1838.. 191 224. Cocco, Messina, 1838 . 191 225. Gray, Aracana, 1838 . 192 226. Heckel, Caschmir, 1838 . 192 227 . Lowe, Maderensium, 1838 . 192 228. Muller & Henle, Plagiostomen, 1838 . 192 229. Muller & Henle, Leptocharias 1838 . .' . 193 230. Nordmann, Hexacanthus, 1838.. 193 231. Reinhardt, Gronland, 1838 . 193 232. Swainson, Natural History, I, 1838 . 193 233. Agassiz, Steinkerne, 1839 . 194 234. Agassiz, Old Red Sandstone, 1839 . 194 235. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, II, . IV (part), 1839 . 194 236. Bonaparte, Systema, 1839 . 194 237. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, XIII, XIV, 1839 . 194 238. Lay & Bennett, Beechey, 1839.... 195 239. Lowe, Madeira, 1839 . 195 240. M’Clelland, Indian Cyprinidce, 1839 . 195 241. M’Clelland, Cyprinidce, 1839 . 195 242. Mitchell, Australia, 1839 . 196 243. Muller, Cyclostomen, 1839 . 196 244. Munster, Kupferschiefer, 1839.... 196 245. Nardo, Mola, 1839 . 196 246. Owen, Lepidosiren, 1839 . 196 247. Owen, Fossil Fishes, 1839 . 196 248. Ranzani, Mola, 1839 . 196 249. Richardson, Van Diemen’s Land, 1839 . 197 250. Storer, Massachusetts, 1839 . 197 251. Swainson, Natural History, II, 1839 . 197 252. Bennett, Whaling Voyage, 1840.. 206 253. Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, 1840.. 206 254. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, XV, 1840 . 206 255. Eichwald, Fossil Fishes, 1840 . 206 256. Heckel, Natterer, 1840 . 207 257. Lowe, Madeira, 1840 . 207 258. Munster, Kupferschiefer, 1840.... 207 259-261. Munster, Bayreuth, 1840 . 207 262. Nordmann, Pontica, 1840 . 207 263. Owen, Odontography, 1840 . 207 CONTENTS V Page 264. Ranzani, Piscium, 1840 . 207 265. Richardson, Australia , 1840 . 208 266. Thompson, India , 1840 . 208 267. Agassiz, Ceard, 1841 . 208 268. Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, 1841.... 208 269. Eichwald, Caspio-Caucasica, 1841 208 270. Fleming, New Skate, 1841 . 208 271. Heckel, Aulopyge, 1841 . 209 272. Hogg, Protomelus, 1841 . 209 273. Lowe, Madeira, 1841 . 209 274. Miller, Old Red Sandstone , 1841.. 209 275. Munster, Asterodon, 1841 . 209 276. Nardo, Brachyochirus, 1841 . 209 277. Owen, Fossil Teeth, 1841 . 209 278. Sykes, Dukhun, 1841 . 210 279. Agassiz, Diplacanthus, 1842 . 210 280. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, XVI, 1842 . 210 281. Dekay, New York, 1842 . 210 282. Gray, New Zealand, 1842 . 210 283. Haldeman, Susquehannah, 1842.. 211 284. Heckel, Syrien, 1842 . 211 285. Jenyns, Beagle, 1842 . 211 286. M’Clelland, Cestreus, 1842 . 212 287. M’Clelland, Fishes, 1842 . 212 288. Munster, Bayern, 1842 . 212 289. Munster, Azthalion, 1842 . 212 290. Owen, Raphiosaurus, 1842 . 212 291. Richardson, King George's Sound, 1842 . 212 292. Schomburgk, Fishes of Guiana, 1842 . 212 293. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1842 . 213 294. Valenciennes, Bonita, 1842 . 213 295. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, III 1843 . 213 296. Egerton, Chimceroids, 1843 . 214 297. Hall, New York, 1843 . 214 298. Heckel, Syrien, 1843 . 214 299. Heckel, Russegger’s Reisen, 1843 215 300. Lowe, Madeira, 1843 . 215 301. Lowe, Madeira, 1843 . 215 302. Muller, Knochendsche, 1843 . 215 303. Muller, Familien, 1843 . 215 304. Munster, P etrefaktenkunde, 1843 216 305. Portlock, Londonderry, 1843 . 216 306. Richardson, Machcerium, 1843—. 216 Page 307, 308. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1843 . 216 309. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, I, II, III, IV, V, 1844 . 216 310. Cocco, Messina, 1844 . 219 311. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, XVII, 1844 . 219 312. Egerton, Mount Lebanon, 1844.. 220 313. Eichwald, Pawlowsk, 1844 . 220 314. Koninck, Belgique, 1844 . 220 315. M’Clelland, China, 1844 . 220 316. M’Clelland, Bengal, 1844 . 220 317. Meyer & Plieninger, Wurttem- berg, 1844 . 221 318. Muller & Troschel, Characini, 1844 . 221 319. Nardo, Caninoa. 1844 . 221 320. Peters, Rhinocryptis, 1844 . 222 320A. Reuss, Bohmen, 1844 . 222 321. Richardson, Hapalogenys, 1844.. 222 322. Richardson, Channichthys, 1844. 222 323. Richardson, Patcecus, 1844 . 222 324. Richardson, Sulphur, 1844 . 222 325. Richardson, Erebus and Terror, 1844 . 222 326. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1844 . 223 327. Valenciennes, Canaries, 1844 . 223 328. Agassiz, Fossiles, Londres, 1845.. 223 329. Agassiz, Vieux Gres Rouge, 1845. 225 330. Bleeker, Batavia, 1845 . 225 331. Bonaparte, Catalogo, 1845 . 225 332. Brodie, Fossil Insects, 1845 . 226 333. Costa, Fossil Fishes, 1845. . 226 334. Kroyer, Icelus, 1845 . 226 335. Kroyer, Carelophus, 1845 . 226 336. Kroyer, Caracanthus, 1845 . 227 337. Kroyer, Ceratias, 1845 . 227 338. M’Clelland, Boutan, 1845 . 227 339. Muller & Troschel, Characinen, 1845 . ; . 227 340. Owen, Odontography, 1845 . 227 341. Richardson, Gasteroschisma, 1845 . 227 342. Richardson, China, 1845 . .227 343. South, Encyclopedia, 1845 . 227 344. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1845 . 227 VI THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Page 345. Agassiz, Nomenclator, 1846 . 228 346. Agassiz, Manus crip turn, 1846 . 228 347. Bibron, Chilomycterus, 1846 . 228 348. Brisout de Barneville, Gobie- soces, 1846 . 228 349. Brisout de Barneville, Trachelo- chismus, 1846 . 228 350. Costa, Napoli, 1846 . 228 351. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, XVIII, 1846 . 228 352. Eichwald, Russia, 1846 . 229 353. Keyserling, Petchora, 1846 . 229 354. Kroyer, Danmark, 1846 . 229 355. Lowe, Lophiidce, 1846 . 229 356. Meyer, Jena, 1846 . 229 357. Muller, Arapaima, 1846 . 229 358. Munster, Ueberreste, 1846 . 229 359. Norwood & Owen, Indiana, 1846. 229 359A. Richardson, Australia, 1846 230 360. Peters, Labyrinthhschen, 1846.... 230 361. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1846 . 230 362. Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, 1846.... 230 363. Valenciennes, Eremophilus, 1846. 230 364. Bleeker, Siluroideorum, 1847 230 365. Bleeker, Pharyngognathorum, 1847 . 230 366. Brisout de Barneville, Centro- pristis, 1847 . 230 367. Brisout de Barneville, Anguilli- formes, 1847 . 231 368. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, XX, 1847 . 231 369. Egerton, Chimceroids, 1847 . 231 370. Giebel, Glarus, 1847 . 231 371. Giebel, Vorwelt, 1847 . 231 372. Guichenot, Pomanotis, 1847 . 232 373. Kner, Cephalaspis, 1847 . 232 374. Meyer, Pale onto graphica, 1847.. 232 375. Meyer, Muschelkalk, 1847 . 232 376. Plieninger, Degerloch, 1847 . 232 377. Wood, Leiodon, 1847 . 232 378. Agassiz, Lake Superior, 1848 . 232 379. Beyrich, Rothliegenden, 1848 . 233 380. Bleeker, Sumbawa, 1848 . 232 381. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, XXI, 1848 . 233 382. Dana, Australia, 1848 . 233 383. Ewald, Menaspis, 1848 . 233 Page 384. Giebel, Vorwelt, 1848 . 233 385. Gistel, Thierreich, 1848 . 233 386. Guichenot, Megapro todon, 1848 .. 238 387. Guichenot, Chile, 1848 . 238 388. Heckel, Xiphophorus, 1848 . 238 389. Jerdon, India, 1848 . 239 390. M’Coy, Carboniferous, 1848 . 239 391. M’Coy, Ichthyolites, 1848 . 239 392. Muller, Fossile, 1848 . 239 393. Muller, & Troschel, British- Guiana, 1848 . 239 394. Richardson, Samarang, 1848 . 239 395. Ayres, Malacosteus, 1849 . 240 396. Bleeker, Celebes, 1849 . 240 397. Bleeker, Labroiden, 1849 . 240 398. Bleeker, Perco'iden, 1849 . 240 399. Bleeker, Blennioiden, 1849 . 240 400. Bleeker, Madura, 1849 . 241 401. Bleeker, Bali, 1849 . 241 402. Cantor, Malayan Fishes, 1849 .... 241 403. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois¬ sons, XXII, 1849 . 242 404. Germar, Wittenberg, 1849 . 242 405. 406. Giebel, Vorwelt , 1849 . 242 407. Heckel, Chirocentrites, 1849 . 242 408. Heckel, Syrien, 1849 . 242 409. Hoeven, Dierkunde, 1849 . 243 410. Jordan, Triodus, 1849 . 243 411. M’Coy, Carboniferous, 1849 . 243 412. Meyer, Muschelkalk, 1849 . 243 413. Muller & Troschel, Horce Zoolo¬ gies, 1849 . 243 413A. Newman, Devil Fish, 1849 . 244 414. Reid, Vaagmcer, 1849 . 244 415. Reinhardt, Sydamerika, 1849 . 244 416. Sismonda, Piemonte, 1849 . 244 417. Smith, South Africa, 1849 . 244 418. Thiolliere, Jura, 1849 . 244 419. Williamson, Scales and Teeth, 1849 . 244 420. Agassiz, Lake Superior, 1850 . 245 421. Bleeker, Mcenoiden, 1850 . 245 422. Bleeker, Betta, 1850 . 245 423. Costa, Ittioliti, 1850 . 245 424. Dixon, Sussex, 1850 . 245 425. Egerton, Ganoidei, 1850 . 246 426. Fischer, Platacanthus, 1850 . 246 427. Fischer, Ommatolampes, 1850.... 246 428. Gibbes, Mososaurus, 1850 . 246 CONTENTS • • Vll Page 429. Guichenot, Algerie, II, 1850 . 246 430. Heckel, Oesterreich, 1850 . 246 431. Jerdon, Pristolepis, 1850 . 246 432. Lankester, Old Red Sandstone, 1850 . . 246 433. Lowe, Madeira, 1850 . 246 434. Pictet, Mont Liban, 1850 . 247 435. Richardson, Australia, 1850 . 247 436. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1850 . 247 437. Thiolliere, Jura , 1850 . 247 438. Bleeker, Banka, 1581 . 247 439. Bleeker, Borneo, II, 1851 . 247 440. Bleeker, Makreelagtige, 1851 . 248 441. Bleeker, Borneo, III, 1851 . 248 442. Bleeker, Cheilinoides, 1851 . 248 443. Bleeker, Borneo, IV, 1851 . 248 444. Bleeker, Celebes, II, 1851 . 248 445. Bleeker, Banda, 1851 . 248 446. Gaimard, Skandinavie, 1851 . 249 447. Girard, Cottus, 1851 . 249 448. Girard, Cottopis, 1851 . 249 449. Gray, Australia, 1851 . 249 450. Liitken, Ophisurus, 1851 . 249 451. Meyer, Jena, 1851 . 249 452. 453. Meyer, Nephrotus, 1851 . 249 454. M’Coy, Steganodictyum, 1851.... 249 455. Thompson, Percopsis, 1851 . 249 456. Wagner, Lithographische, 1851- 250 457. Bleeker, Makreelachtige, 1852.... 250 458. Bleeker, Plagiostomen, 1852 . 250 459. Bleeker, Sumatra, 1852 . 250 460. Bleeker, Celebes, III, 1852 . 250 461. Dumeril, Torpediens, 1852 . 250 462. Egerton, Elasmodus, 1852 . 250 463. Fischer, Russie, 1852 . 250 464. Gervais, Palceontologie, 1852 . 251 465. Lowe, Madeira, 1852 . 251 466. Quenstedt, Petrefakten, 1852 . 251 467. Roemer, Texas, 1852 . 251 468. Riippell, Skelette, 1852 . 251 469. Agassiz, Researches, 1853 . 251 470. Agassiz, California, 1853 . 252 471. Baird & Girard, Mexican Bound¬ ary, 1853 . 252 472. Baird & Girard, Zuhi, 1853 . 252 473. Bleeker, Batavia, 1853 . 252 474. Bleeker, Ternate, II, 1853 . 252 475. Bleeker, Borneo, VII, 1853 . 252 Page 476. Bleeker, Murcenoiden, 1853 . 252 477. Bleeker, Japan, 1853 . 253 478. Bleeker, Bengalen, 1853 . 253 479. Costa, Italy, 1853 . 253 480. Gervais, Algerie, 1853 . 253 481. Kaup, Lophobranchier, 1853 . 253 482. Kolliker, Helmichthyiden, 1853.. 254 483. Owen, Fossil Fishes, 1853 . 254 484. Pomel, Loire, 1853 . 254 485. Romanovskii, Fisch-Zdhne, 1853. 254 486. Agassiz, Tennessee River, 1854.. 254 487. Agassiz, Holconoti, 1854 . 255 488. Ayres, California, 1854 . 255 489. Ayres, Four Fishes, 1854 . 255 490. Baird & Girard, Texas, 1854 . 255 491. Baird & Girard, Cochlognathus, 1854 . 255 492. Bleeker, Batavia, 1854 . 255 493. Bleeker, Flores, 1854 . 256 494. Bleeker, Amboina, 1854 . 256 494A. Bleeker, Celebes, 1854 . 256 495. Brandt, Belonopsis, 1854 . 256 496. Costa, Napoli, 1854 . 256 497. Egerton, Fossil Fishes, 1854 . 256 498. Egerton, Dipteronotus, 1854 . 256 499. Eichwald, Lethcea Rossica, 1854.. 256 500. Gibbons, San Francisco, 1854.... 256 501. Gibbons, Viviparous Fishes, 1854 257 502. Girard, Cottoids, 1854 . 257 502A. Girard, New Fishes, 1854 . 257 503. Girard, San Francisco, 1854 . 257 504. Girard, Chili, 1854 . 258 505. Girard, Viviparous Fishes, 1854. 258 506. Gronow, Fishes, 1854 . 258 507. Heckel, Chiavon, 1854 . 259 508. Heckel, Fische Zigno, 1854 . 259 509. Hyrtl, Heterotis, 1854 . 259 510. Kner, Panzerwelze, 1854 . 260 511. Kner, Hypostomiden, 1854 . 260 512. Marcusen, Mormyren, 1854 . 260 513. Owen, Fossil Remains, 1854 . 260 514. Poey, Epinnula, 1854 . 260 515. Poey, Guajacones, 1854 . 260 516. Rapp, Bodensee, 1854 . 261 517. Richardson, Herald, 1854 . 261 518. Thiolliere, Jura, 1854 . 261 519. Troschel, Siebengebirge, 1854.... 261 520. Agassiz, Pacific Slope, 1855 . 261 521. Ayres, California, 1855 . 262 Vlll THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Page 522. Basilewski, China Borealis, 1855.. 262 523. Bianconi, Mosambica, 1855 . 262 524. Bibron, Gymnodontes, 1855 . 262 525. Bleeker, Van Diemensland, 1855.. 263 526. Bleeker, Kokos, III, 1855 . 263 527. Bleeker, Batoe, 1855 . 263 528. Bleeker, Duizend-eilanden, 1855.. 263 529. Bleeker, Amboina, VI, 1855 . 264 530. Bleeker, Sumatra, 1855 . 264 531. Bleeker, Geognostica, 1855 . 264 532. Castelnau, Amerique du Sud, 1855 . 264 533. Costa, Cceus, 1855 . 264 534. Egerton, Organic Remains, 1855.. 264 535. Filippi, Gadopsis, 1855 . 265 536. Holbrook, South Carolina, 1855.. 265 537. Kaup, Enchelynassa, 1855 . 265 538. Kaup, Sclerodermen, 1855 . 265 539. Kner, Beitrdge, 1855 . 265 540. M’Coy, Palceozoic Fossils, 1855.. 265 541. Meyer, Physichthys, 1855 . 266 542. Nilsson, Skandinavisk, 1855 . 266 543. Peters, Mossambique, 1855 . 266 544. Roemer, Palceoteuthis, 1856 . 266 545. Storer, Massachusetts, 1855 . 266 546. Valenciennes, Venus, 1855 . 266 547. Agassiz, Glanis, 1856 . 267 548. Asmuss, Hautskelet, 1856 . 267 549. Bleeker, Amboina, 1856 . 267 550. Bleeker, Menado, 1856 . 267 551. Bleeker, Boeroe, 1856.... . 267 552. Bleeker, Nias, 1856 . 267 553. Bleeker, Bali, 1856 . 268 554. Costa, Fossile, 1856 . 268 555. Dumeril, Ichthyologie, 1856 . 268 556. 557. Girard, Western Coast, 1856.. 269 558. Girard, Cyprinoids, 1856 . 269 559. Holmes, Devilfish, 1856 . 270 560. Heckel, Oesterreich, 1856 . 270 561. Heckel, Pycnodonten, 1856 . 270 562. Kaup, Aale, 1856 . 270 563. Kaup, Apodal Fish, 1856 . 271 564. Kaup, Ophidince, 1856 . 272 565. Kaup, Lophobranchiates, 1856.... 272 566. Leidy, Extinct Vertebrates, 1856.. 272 567. Leidy, Sioux Country, 1856 . 272 568. Leidy, Extinct Fishes, 1856 . 272 Page 569. Leidy, Ichthyodorulites, 1856 . 273 570. Leidy, Extinct Fishes, 1856 . 273 571. Newberry, Fossils of Ohio, 1856.. 273 572. Pander, Silurian, 1856 . 273 573. Richardson, Ichthyology, 1856.... 274 574. Thompson, Ireland, 1856 . 274 575. Baird, Long Island, 1857 . 274 576. Bellotti, Lopibardia, 1857 . 274 577. Bleeker, Amboina, 1857 . 274 578. Bleeker, Japan, 1857 . 274 579. Bleeker, Sangi, 1857 . 274 580. Costa, Libano, 1857 . 275 581. Egerton, Ludlow, 1857 . 275 581A. Emmons, Geology, 1857 . 275 582. Gervais, Labrodon, 1857 . 275 583. Girard, Western Coast, 1857 . 275 584. Hollard, Gymnodontes, 1857 . 275 585. Newberry, Devonian, 1857 . 275 586. Newberry, Eurylepis, 1857 . 276 58 7. Peters, Hemichromis, 1857 . 276 588. Philippi, Fische, 185 7 . 276 589. Richardson, Siphonognathus, 1857 . 276 590. Riitimeyer, Encheiziphius, 1857.. 276 591. Troschel, Saarbriicke, 1857 . 276 592. Wagner, Solenhofen, 1857 . 276 593. Agassiz, Skate, 1858 . 277 594. Agassiz, Nicaragua, 1858 . 277 595. Ayres, California, 1858 . 277 596. Bleeker, Sumatra, VI, 1858 . 277 597. Bleeker, Japan, IV, 1858 . 277 598. Bleeker, Celebes, X, 1858 . 277 599. Bleeker, Goram, 1858 . 278 600. Bleeker, Bilitou, IV, 1858 . 278 601. Bleeker, Borneo, XII, 1858 . 278 602. Bleeker, Siluri, Prodromus, 1858.. 278 603. Bleeker, Cobitinen, 1858 . 279 604. Bleeker, Japara, 1858 . 279 605. Blyth, Amblyceps, 1858 . 279 606. Bronn, Raibl, 1858 . 279 607-612. Costa, Uraleptus, 1858 . 279 613. Dumeril, Afrique, 1858 . 280 614. Egerton, Chondrosteus, 1858.... 280 615. Egerton, Cosmolepis, 1858 . 280 616. Gill, Gobinarum, 1858 . 280 617. Gill, Gobioidarum, 1858 . 280 618. Gill, Tricenophorichthys, 1858.... 280 CONTENTS IX Page 619. Gill, Pimelodince, 1858 . 280 620. Gill, Trinidad, 1858 . 281 621. Heckel Sr Kner, Oesterreich, 1858 281 622. Kade, Devonische, 1858 . 181 623. Kaup, Gadidce, 1858 . 281 624. Kaup, Nemo phis, 1858 . 281 625. Kaup, Soleince, 1858 . 282 626. Kaup, Plagusince, 1858 . 282 627. Kaup, Joue cuirassee, 1858 . 282 628. Kner, Beitrdge, II, 1858 . 282 629. Leidy, Carboniferous, 1858 . 283 Page 630. Leidy, Hadrodus, 1858 . 283 631. Von der Marck, Fossils, 1858 . 283 632. Pander, Ctenodipterinen, 1858.... 283 633. Philippi, Chile, 1858 . 283 633A. Quenstedt, Jura, 1858 . 283 634. Reinhardt, Stegophilus, 1859 . 284 635. Rouault, Ouest de France, 1858.. 284 636. Thiolliere, Bugey, 1858 . 284 637. Weinland, Flying-fish, 1858 . 284 Omissions . 284 Abbreviations of author names, where used, following are as follows : Ag. Agassiz B. Sr C. Bocage Sr Capello Baird Sr Grd. Baird & Girard. Barn. Barneville Beyr. Beyrich Bl. Sr Schn. Bloch & Schneider. Blainv. Blainville Blkr. Bleeker Bon. Bonaparte Cuv. Cuvier Cuv. & Val. Cuvier Sr Valenciennes Dum. Dumeril Egert. Egerton Ehrenb. Ehrenberg Eichw. Eichwald G. Sr B. Goode Sr Bean. Grd. Girard Gthr. Gunther Guich. Guichenot Ham. Hamilton words in small capitals J. Sr G. Jordan Sr Gilbert J. Sr E. Jordan Sr Evermann K. Sr S. Kner Sr Steindachner Kolr. Kolreuter L. Linnaeus Lac. Lacepede Lank. Lankester M. Sr H. Muller Sr Henle M. Sr T. Muller Sr Troschel McCl. M’Clelland Q. Sr. G. Quoy Sr Gaimard Raf. Rafinesque Ranz. Ranzani Reinh. Reinhardt Rich. Richardson Steind. Steindachner Sw. Swainson T. Sr S. Temminck Sr Schlegel Val. Valenciennes Woodw. Woodward INTRODUCTORY NOTE This present memoir is a continuation of a paper entitled, The Genera of Fishes, from Linnceus to Cuvier, 1758-1833 J seventy-five years, with the accepted type of each, a contribution to the stability of scientific nomenclature, published by the present writer in 1917. It is likewise a contribution to the stability of scientific nomencla¬ ture. It covers what may be termed the mediaeval period of systematic ichthyology, the time in which nomenclature is fairly established, but in which, for want of a general zoological record, many papers have been overlooked or forgotten. This period is especially marked by the studies of Professor Agassiz on the fossil fishes, by the exhaustive record of the fishes of the East Indies by Dr. Bleeker, and by the unification of ichthyological knowledge by Valenciennes and by Dr. Gunther. Gunther’s Catalogue of the Fishes of the British Museum, 1859-1870, must always remain the solid founda¬ tion on which systematic zoology is built. This period is also marked by the studies in comparative zoology by Dr. Johannes Muller and by the opening to science of the rich fresh-water fauna of North and South America. In this period wrote also the keenest of taxonomic critics, Dr. Gill, whose conceptions of genera and of families are likely in a large degree to constitute the last word in regard to the status of groups of this grade. Other notable writers whose work has been of a high order are Richardson, Schlegel, Lowe, Egerton, Reinhardt, Poey, Heckel, Kner, Pictet, Holbrook, Baird, Troschel, Owen, McClelland, Riippell, Henle, Storer, DeKay, Ayres, Cooper, Girard and Cope. Of the many writers in the period preceding the year 1870, Steindachner only, one of the most industrious and accurate, is still living. When the writer vis¬ ited him in Vienna in 1913 he was still, at the age of 79, hard at work, and one ‘important paper of his bearing date of 1915 has found its way through the vicissitudes of censorship to my library. In accordance with the philosophy of evolution, the writers at the end of this period have inverted the fish series, the simplest and most ancient types being placed first in taxonomic records, rather than the perch and its relatives, so long regarded as typifying the perfect or com¬ pleted fish. 164 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Compilations of this sort constitute an exercise in modesty. They can never be made absolutely complete nor free from errors. In the present case, the author cannot be certain that the genotype he indi¬ cates is actually the one chosen by the first reviser. The compilation itself deals with the work of great minds, but also with a degree of igno¬ rance, carelessness and perversity by which names were multiplied with no corresponding increase of ideas. Synonymy in general is the index of lack of actual knowledge, or else, of the failure to deal justly with the work of others, “a burden and a disgrace to science”. No system of naming can be beyond the knowledge on which it rests. Ignorance of fact produces confusion in nomenclature. The science of ichthyology, to which the present series of papers offers a kind of key, is the work of many scholars, each in his own field, each contributing a series of facts, a series of tests of the work of others, or else some improvement in the method of arrangement. As in other branches of science, this work has been done by sincere, devoted men, impelled by a love for this kind of labor, and having in view, as “the only reward they asked, a grateful remembrance of their work”. And as future generations may be lenient towards our own shortcomings, we should be generous towards those of our predecessors. In so far as the present paper assumes to decide questions of nomen¬ clature, it follows strictly the rules agreed on by the International Com¬ mission. Of these, the one of most vital importance is concerned with the rigid enforcement of the law of priority. The writer expresses his special obligation to Mr. Barton A. Bean of the United States National Museum, and to Henry Weed Fowler of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for services in examining rare or forgotten books, and to Mr. Masamitsu Oshima, for valuable aid in compilation. He is also under special obligations to Mr. R. A. Nelgner of the Stanford University Press for his care in ensuring accuracy in this difficult piece of work. In arranging the genera of fossil fishes, he has depended almost entirely on the Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum , by Arthur Smith Woodward. The cataloguing of the scattered and multifarious genera of Dr. Bleeker has been made possible by the Index of the Ichthyological Papers of P. Bleeker, by Dr. Max Weber and Dr. L. F. de Beaufort. In matters of citation of titles Dean’s Bibliography of Fishes has been absolutely indispensable. The writer hopes to complete this work by a final paper covering the period from 1859 to 1920. The need of such compilation grows progressively less, as the Zoological Record of London, beginning with 1864, contains references to nearly all the generic names of subsequent date, although having occasional surprising omissions. INTRODUCTORY NOTE 165 The writer asks for additions and corrections, that the work may be as helpful as possible to students of fishes. It will be noted that the genera have been arranged as far as may be in chronological order, publications of the same year being arranged in alphabetical order in accord with the names of authors. The term orthotype is applied to the type of a genus as indicated or distinctly implied by the original author. A logotype is one selected by the “first reviser”. A haplotype is the sole species named under a genus, therefore of necessity an orthotype as well. A tautotype is a name of a genus identical with the specific name of one of its components. Stanford University, California, November 11, 1918: Issued July, 1919. i ' ■ > C ■ ' ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO PART I. 1758 1. LINN/EUS (1758). Systema Natures. Ed. X, Vol. 1. Carl Linne (Carolus Linnaeus). (1707-1778.) Trigla Linnaeus, 300; logotype T. gurnardus L., as restricted by Kaup, 1873, Ap¬ parently this should replace the later restriction to T. lyra L. of Jordan & Gilbert, 1883, this species being type of Lyrichthys Kaup. Mormyrus Linnaeus, 327 ; logotype M. caschive Hasselquist, as restricted by Gill. (Not M. cyprinoides L., as stated in part 1, page 15; this species is the type of Marcusenius Gill.) Tetraodon Linnaeus, 332; logotype T. lineatus L. I am compelled to revise my judgment, as given in part I of the Genera of Fishes, page 15, in which I present the reasons for regarding T. testudineus L. as the type of Tetraodon. This judgment is based on Bleeker’s restriction of the genus in 1865. I find that an earlier restriction was made by Bonaparte in the Fauna Italica , about 1841, “Tetraodon lineatus Bloch” being taken as type following a suggestion of Swainson. Bloch’s account includes the synonymy and description of T. lineatus L., although the figure he offers may have been based on an exam¬ ple of T. stellatus. In this view of the case, the type of Tetraodon should be T. lineatus, a fresh-water species of the Nile, with which the numerous marine species called Ovoides (Arothron) may not be congeneric. According to Dr. Gill, the type of Tetraodon is distinguished from the Pacific species known as Ovoides by the form of the frontal bones, a matter which needs further elucidation. In this view the name Spheroides should stand, as used by Jordan and Evermann, for the allies of T. testudineus L. 1764 7. HOUTTUYN (1764). Naturlike historie volgens den Heer Linnceus. Martin Houttuyn. Conger Houttyn, VII, 103, and Torpedo Houttuyn, VII, 453, as quoted in Genera of Fishes, page 22, are not presented by Houttuyn as generic names, and the reference to them should be canceled. In a personal letter dated August 23, 1918, Mr. C. Davies Sherborn says : “Torpedo is the trivial Linnsean name of the species Raja torpedo and Con¬ ger is the trivial Linnsean part of the species name Murajna conger. Neither name is used scientifically nor is there any intention on Houttuyn’s part to do more than quote the Linnaean term for the fish he describes as ‘Kramp- fisch’ and ‘Conger’.” The record of this work of Houttuyn should therefore be erased as hav ing no relation to scientific nomenclature. • 1767 9. MULLER (1767). Delineationes Natures. II, 141. Philip Ludwig Statius Muller (1725-1776). Mr. Sherborn informs me that the generic names Acus, page 141, and 168 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Orbis, page 141 ; “are perfectly valid,” that is, properly presented as generic names. Acus is a synonym of Syngnathus L., Orbis of Diodon L. 10. GEOFFROY (1767). Descriptions de 719 plantes, etc. Ltienne Louis Geoffroy (1725-1810). Ichthyocolla Geoffroy, 399; haplotype Acipenser huso L. This replaces Huso Brandt, and Sterletus Raf. Mr. Sherborn informs me that the generic names used by Geoffroy are “perfectly valid” for purposes of nomenclature. These are : Ichthyocolla, 399, (Huso Brandt). Harengus, 405, (Clupea L.). Lucius, 467, (Esox L.). Trutta, 719, (Trutta L.). 1772 17A. GRONOW (1772). (Pteraclis.) Act* Helvetic*. VII. Lorenz Theodor Gronow (Laurentius Theodorus Gronovius). (1730-1777). Pteraclis Gronow, 44; orthotype P. pinnata Gronow = Coryph^ena velifera Pal¬ las. As here used, unquestionably binomial. 17B. GULDENSTADT (1772). (Sterleta.) Nov. Comm. Sci. Petropol, XVI. Anton Johann Guldenstadt. Sterleta Guldenstadt, 533 ; type Acipenser ruthenus L. under polynomial desig¬ nation. If eligible, will replace Sterletus Brandt and Sterledus Bon. 1775 20. KLEIN (1775). Neuer Schauplatz, etc. Jakob Theodor Klein (1685-1759). Prochilus Klein, I, 1043; Amphiprion ephippium Bloch, as restricted by Bleeker, 1877 (P. ovat^e figure macula fusca magna Klein). This name, if deemed eligible from the date of the Schauplatz would replace Amphiprion Bl. & Schn., instead of Pholis Cuv. & Val. (Ltpophrys Gill), as suggested in part I of this work. 1779 31 A. KLEIN (1779). Neuer Schauplatz , etc. Jacob Theodor Klein. Platystacus Klein, VIII, 52, 1779 ; type (P. cotylephorus Bloch); a synonym of Aspredo (Gronow) Scopoli. 1788 31B. BRUNNICH (1788). Om den islandske hsk Vaagmaeren (Gymnogaster arcticus). Kong. Dansk. Selsk. Skr., Ill, 408-413. Morten Tfirane Brunnich (1737-1827) Gymnogaster Brunnich, III, 408 ; orthotype G. arcticus Brunnich. A synonym of Trachipterus Gouan. Not Trichiurus L. 1795 45. BLOCH (1795). Naturgeschichte der auslandischen Fische. IX. Mark Elieser Bloch (1729-1799). Gymnothorax Bloch IX, 83, 1795; type as first restricted (Bleeker, 1864) G. reticu¬ laris Bloch. Although originally virtually a substitute name for Murena L., the first fixation of types separates the two. Gymnothorax thus replaces Lycodontis McCl. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO PART I 169 1796 47. VOLTA (1796). Ichthyolithologia Veronese . Giovanni Serafino Volta. Monopteros Volta, CXCL; orthotype M. gigas Volta (fossil). Replaces Pla- tinx Ag. Monopterus Lac., 1798, is thus preoccupied and must give way to Fluta Bl. & Schn. (1801). 1801 55. BLOCH & SCHNEIDER (1801). Systema Ichthyologies. Mark Elieser Bloch; Johann Gottlob Schneider (1750-1822). Periophthalmus Bloch & Schneider, 63; logotype, as first restricted (by Gill, 1863) Gobius schlosseri Pallas. The name therefore replaces Periophthalmodon Blkr., while the common species known as Periophthalmus barbarus or P. koelreuteri is the type of Euchoristopus Gill (1863). Synanceja Bloch & Schneider, 194; logotype S. verrucosa Bl. & Schn., as first restricted by Muller, 1843. This limitation to species without vomerine teeth holds as against Bleeker’s restriction to the first species named, S. horrida. Synanceja thus replaces Spurco Commerson, Synanceichthys Blkr. and Emmydrichthys Jordan & Rutter. S. horrida is type of Synancidium Muller. I am not convinced by Bleeker’s statement that Synancidium is not a valid genus. Fluta Bloch & Schneider, 565 ; orthotype Monopterus javanensis Lac. Name a substitute for Monopterus Lac. (1798). The latter is preoccupied by Mo¬ nopteros Volta (1796). The type species should stand as Fluta alba (Zuieuw) . 1803 56. LACEPEDE (1803). Histoire naturelle des poissons. IV, V. Bernard Germain Lacepede (1756-1825). Enoplosus Lacecepede, IV, 540 ; orthotype Ch^todon armatus Shaw. This genus dates from 1803. The name Enoplosus was not used by White in 1790. Stolephorus Lacepede, V, 381 ; logotype S. commersonianus Lac. In view of the fact that the descriptions of Stolephorus of Lacepede, Bleeker and Jordan were drawn from this species, the second-named by Lacepede, it may well be regarded as the type of Stolephorus. S. japonicus, the first-named species and the one first formally indicated as type, was very scantily described, and was unknown to authors until very recently. In this view Stolephorus will replace or include Anchoviella Fowler (1911). This reverses the decision in part I, page 67. 1804 56A. LACEPEDE (1804). Memoires sur plusieurs animaux de la Nouvelle Hollande , etc. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, 1804. Bernard Germain Lacepede. Prionurus Lacepede, IV, 211 ; orthotype P. microlepidotus Lac. Platypodus Lacepede, IV, 211; orthotype P. furca Lac. This genus, overlooked by subsequent writers, seems to belong to the Osphronemid.e, an ally of Macropodus. It is said to have large fan-like ventrals of at least eight rays, the dorsal extending from the nape to the base of the caudal, which is narrow, forked, its lobes half as long as rest of body ; pectorals small ; anal very low. This may be, as suggested by Dr. Gunther for Macropodus, a domesticated form of Polyacanthus. Both names, if correctly written (Macropus; Platypus), are preoccupied. 170 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 56B. BORY DE SAINT VINCENT (1804). Voyage dans les quatre principales l’ lies des Mers d’Afrique. 1801 et 1802. Jean Baptiste Bory de St. Vincent (1780-1846). Acinacea Bory de St. Vincent, I, 93; orthotype A. noth a Bory (Tacinacee batarde”). An ally of Thyrsites Cuv., overlooked by authors. It differs from Thyrsites (atun), if correctly described and figured, iir the presence of twenty-nine spines in the dorsal fin, instead of twenty. The type specimen was from the open sea, off Africa. If identical with Thyrsites, Acinacea has priority. The Latin form as well as the French is given by the author. 1808 67. DUMERIL (1808). Dissertation stir les poissons Cyclostomes. Andre Marie Constant Dumeril (1774-1860). Ammocoetus Dumeril; orthotype Petromyzon branchialis L. (larval form of Petrimyzon marinus or of Lamptera planeri, or both). Best treated as a synonym of Petromyzon. 1810 72. RAFINESQUE (1810). Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animate e piante della Sicillia. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783-1840). Typhle Rafinesque, 18; orthotype Syngnathus typhle L. We are unable to find any further notice of the blind genus of mammals “Typhle", as noted by Lacepede. Typhle should therefore apparently stand, and not be replaced by Typhlinus Raf. (1814). 1811 75A. PERRY (1811). Arcana or Museum of Natural History. George Perry. Congiopus Perry; orthotype C. percatus Perry = Blennius torvus Walbaum. Replaces Agriopus Cuv., 1829. 75B. HUMBOLDT & VALENCIENNES (1811). Recherches sur les poissons fluviatiles ; Humboldt & Bonpland ; vovage aux regions equinoxiales du nouveau continent. II (later edition; the original in 1806). Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) ; Achille Valenciennes (1794-1865). Thrycomycterus Humboldt & Valenciennes ; orthotype T. nigricans Plumboldt & Val ; a synonym of Eremophilus Humboldt, according to Eigenmann. Nairn; spelled Trichomycterus by Valenciennes in 1846, and the genus made to include Pygidium Meyer. 1815 85. RAFINESQUE (1815). Analyse de la nature , etc. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. Raphistoma Rafinesque, 89 ; no type named and no diagnosis, except an erroneous reference to Lacepede. Intended to represent Esox belone L. Spelled Ramphistoma by Swainson, who adopts the name. Is apparently not eligible in place of Belone Cuv., 1817, though an argument might be made for its acceptance, as we know the type intended and there are a few words of inac¬ curate diagnosis. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO PART I 171 Eleuthurus Rafinesque ; no diagnosis and no type given. Omitted by inadventure in Genera of Fishes, part I. According to Bleeker, Rafinesque’s names (undefined and without type), Dameus, Eleuthurus, Rincoxis and Zebri- scium, were intended for eels). In the account of Rafinesque’s Analyse, given in Genera of Fishes, part I, are a few misprints arising from misread¬ ing a manuscript list. Read : Ictias, p. 82. Batrictius, 82. Cephimnus, 85. Edonius, 88. Platistus, 89 (for Platystacus) . Raphistoma, 89. Odamphus, 89. Gonodermus, 91. Dispinotus, 92. 1817 91. CUVIER (1817). Le Regne Animal, etc. Tome II. Georges Cuvier (1769-1832). Hydrocynus Cuvier, II, 167; logotype H. forsicali Cuvier; several species named, the genus restricted by Cuvier {Mem. Mus., 1819) to H. forskali, and the name spelled Hydrocyon. Also in Cuv. & Val., XXII, 509, 1849. The name was afterwards restricted to H. lucius Cuv., a species of Xiphostoma, Ag., but the first adjustment must stand. The name is Hydrocynus and the genus contains no American species. Bodianus Cuvier, Regne Animal, II, 276 ; logotype Bodianus guttatus Bloch; (not Bodianus of Bloch) which by tautonomy goes with Bodianus bodianus Bloch, and replaces Harpe Lac. Gill restricts Bodianus {Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1862, 237) to B. guttatus Bloch, a species of Cephalopholis Bl. & Schn. By the rule of tautonomy, under present rules Bodianus must stand for Harpe rufa. 92. OKEN (1817). Isis. • Lorenz Oken (1777-1851). In Isis, 1817, Oken furnishes Latin equivalents to the French generic names used by Cuvier. Lumpus Oken 1782, orthotype Cyclopterus lumpus L. = Lumfus anglorum of authors. Equivalent for “les Lumps” of Cuvier, a synonym of Cyclopterus L. Omitted by accident in part I. 1818 97. BLAINVILLE (1818). (Poissons fossiles.) Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle. Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1777-1850). Anormurus Blainville, XXVII, 374; orthotype A. macrolepidotus Blainv. (fossil). Perhaps the same as Notogoneus Cope, 1885. 1820 108. GOLDFUSS (1820). Handbuch der Zoologie. II. George August Goldfuss (1782-1848). Rhomboides Goldfuss ; orthotype Pleuronectes rhombus L. Substitute for Rhombus Cuv. ; a synonym of Bothus Raf. 172 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Batrachopus Goldfuss (not Batrachops). Orthotype Lophius commersonianus Lac. A synonym of Antennarius. 1822 110. HAMILTON (1822). An Account of the Fishes Found in the River Ganges and Its Branches . Francis Hamilton (formerly Buchanan) (1762-1829). The reprint of Hamilton’s Fishes of the Ganges has the pagination changed from that given in the text of the Genera of Fishes, page 114. Thus, in the reprint, Chanda appears on page 109, not 370. Callichrous Hamilton, 149; logotype Silurus pabda Ham. (as restricted by Bleeker, 1862). A synonym of Ompok Lac. Coins Hamilton, 369 (95) ; logotype Coius polota Flam., as restricted by Fowler. 1905. This designation of type prior to that of Jordan, 1917. Replaces Datnioides Blkr., 1853. Chanda Hamilton, 370; logotype Chanda nama Ham. (fig. 37) (Hamiltonia ovata Sw.). The type of the substitute name Hamiltonia Sw. (1839) as indicated by Swainson and by Swain (1882) carries the complex genus Chanda with it. This antedates Fowler’s choice (1902) of Chanda lala as type. C. nama is type of Bogoda Blkr. Chanda should therefore replace Bogoda. Corica Hamilton, 253 or 383 ; orthotype Cyprinus soborna Ham. The name soborna (misspelled in the Genera of Fishes , page 115) is given as guborni by Gray. 1823 112. VAN HASSELT (1823). Poissons de Java. Allgemeine Konst en Letterbok, II. Jan Ccenrad Van Hasselt ( d . 1821). Dermogenys Van Flasselt, 131; orthotype D. pusillus Van Hasselt (omitted in part I). Spelled Dermatogenys by Peters. Diplocheilus Van Hasselt, 329; orthotype D. erythopterus Van Hasselt. Gonostoma Van Hasselt, 329; orthotype G. javanicum Van Hasselt. Name pre¬ occupied ; replaced by Anodontostoma Blkr. 1825 119. KONIG (1825). leones fossilium sectiles. Clemens Konig. Teratichthys Konig, 4; orthotype T. antiquitatis Konig (fossil). An unknown ally of Caranx. 119A. LE SUEUR (1825). Description of a New Fish of the Genus Salmo (S. microps). Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Charles Alexandre Le Sueur (1778-1846). Harpodon Le Sueur, V, 50 ; orthotype Salmo microps Le Sueur = Osmerus nehereus Ham. 119B. ADANSON (1825). Cours d’histoire naturelle. Michael Adanson (1727-1806). Trygon Adanson, II, 170; orthotype Raja pastinaca L. A synonym of Dasyatis Raf. (According to Auguste Dumeril, Adanson’s paper, written in 1772, was printed by Payer in 1825). ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO PART I 173 1826 121. RISSO (1826). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’ Europe meridionale. Antoine Risso (1770-1845). Charax Risso, III, 353 ; orthotype C. acutirostris Risso == Sparus puntazzo L. Preoccupied; replaced by Puntazzo Blkr. 121A. RILEY (1826). On a Fossil in the British Museum (Squaloraia dolichog- nathos) and Discovered in the Lias at Lyme Regis. Proc. Geol. Soc. I (also in Trans. Geol. Soc., 1833). Henry Riley. Squaloraia Riley, I, 484; orthotype S. dolichognathos Riley (fossil). 1828 128. RUPPELL (1828). Atlas zu der Reise im nordlichen Africa; Fische des Rothen Meeres. Eduard Ruppell (1794-1884). Petroscirtes Ruppell, 110; orthotype P. mitratus Ruppell. Omitted by accident from part I ; sometimes spelled Petroskirtes. 128A. THIENEMANN (1828). Lehrbuch der Zoologie. Friedrich August Thienemann (1793-1858). Sphyrichthys Thienemann, III, 408; orthotype Squalus zyg^ena L. A needless substitute for Sphyrna Raf. 132. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1828). Histoire naturelle des poissons. II. Georges Cuvier; Achille Valenciennes. Pomatomus Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 171; type P. telescopium Risso (Epigonus macrophthalmus Raf.). Not Pomatomus of Lacepede ; a synonym of Epi¬ gonus Raf., 1820, as is also Telescops Blkr. 1829 134. AGASSIZ (and SPIX) (1829). Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam (1817-1820) . . . collejit . . . Dr. J. B. de Spix. . . . Louis Agassiz (1807-1873) ; Jean Baptiste de Spix (1807-1873). Xiphorhynchus Agassiz, 18; orthotype Salmo falcatus Bloch. Name preoccu pied; replaced by Xiphorhamphus M. & T., 1845; also preoccupied, again replaced by Acestrorhynchus Eigenmann, 1910. Pirarara Spix, 23; orthotype Phractocephalus bicolor Ag. A synonym of Phractocephalus Ag. Erythrinus (Gronow) Agassiz, 41 ; haplotype E. salvus Ag., the only species named, the genus credited to Gronow. Same as Erythrinus Gronow. 135. CCTVIER (1829). Le regne animal distribue d’apres son organization. Edition, II, Vol. I. Georges Cuvier. Polyacanthus (Kuhl) Cuvier, 227; logotype Ch^todon chinensis Bloch, as restricted by Cuv. & Val. (not Trichopodus colisa as stated in part I, Genera of Fishes). Rhinoptera (Kuhl) Cuvier, 401 ; orthotype Myliobatis marginatus Geoffroy St. Hilaire. 136. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1829). Histoire naturelle des poissons. III. Georges Cuvier ; Achille Valenciennes. 174 THE GENERA OF FISHES, FART II Ostichthys (Langsdorff) Cuvier & Valenciennes, III, 160; orthotype Myripristis japonicus Cuv. & Val. No generic definition; reestablished by Jordan and Evermann, 1896. Apistus Cuvier & Valenciennes, IV, 391 ; logotype Apistus alatus Cuv. & Val. called “les Apistes” by Cuvier. Regarded as preoccupied by Apista Hiibner, a genus of insects, and by Aspistes Meigen, a genus of flies. If rejected, it may be replaced by Pterichthys Sw., 1839, unless that is regarded as invalid, from the non-binomial Pterichthus of Commerson (1803), which is Exoccetus. Hypodytes Gistel (1848) is also a substitute name, but the indi¬ cated type (longispinis) is a Paracentropogon of Bleeker, also not mentioned by Cuvier. Prosopodasys Cantor, 1849, is also given as a substitute name for Apistus and must retain the same type. If Apistus is preoccupied, I think that Pterichthys should replace it. . . . Apistes trachinoides Cuv. & Val. used by Gunther as type of Prosopodasys is not eligible for that purpose, the species not being one of those mentioned by Cuvier. Spurco (Commerson) Cuvier & Valenciennes, IV, 448, 1829; (reference in passing) haplotype Scorp^ena brachio Cuv. = Synanceja verrucosa Bl. & Schn., same as Synanceichthys Blkr. ; a synonym of Synanceja as restricted by Muller. 136A. SMITH (1829). Contributions to the Natural History of South Africa. Zoological Journal. Andrew Smith (1797-1872). Rhineodon Alexander Smith, IV, 443; orthotype R. typus Smith. (Rhincodon by misprint.) Also spelled Rhinodon. 136B. BANCROFT (1829). On the Fish Known in Jamaica as the Sea Devil (Cephalopterus manta). Zool. Journal, IV. E. N. Bancroft. Manta Bancroft, IV, 444; orthotype Cephalopterus manta Bancroft = Raia bir- ostris Walbaum, 1792. 1830 142. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1830). Histoire naturelle des poissons. V. Georges Cuvier; Achille Valenciennes. LycQgenis (Kuhl & Van Hasselt) Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 346; orthotype Holo- centrus ciliatus Lac. A section under Scolopsis Cuv. Priopis (Kuhl & Van Hasselt) Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 503; haplotype Priopis argyrozona Kuhl & Van Hasselt. 143. BENNETT (1830). Catalogue of the Fishes of Sumatra. Life and Public Services of Sir Stamford Raffles. Edward Turner Bennett (1797-1836). Leiopsis Bennett, 688; orthotype Sparus aurolineatus Lac. A synonym of Pen- tapus Cuv. & Val. (Omitted in part I.) 143A. BENNETT (1830). Obervations on a Collection of Fishes from the Mauri¬ tius with Characters of Nezv Genera and Species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, part I. Edward Turner Bennett. Psettodes Bennett, I, 147 ; orthotype P. belcheri Bennett. Agonostomus Bennett, I, 166; logotype A. telfari Bennett. Replaces Nestis Cuv & Val. vVDDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO PART I 175 Apolectus Bennett, I, 169; orthotype A. immunis Bennett. A synonym of Scomber- omorus Lac. 1831 146A. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1831). Histoire naturelle dcs poissons. VII (January, 1831), VIII, October, 1831. Georges Cuvier ; Achille Valenciennes. Drcpane Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 129; orthotype Chletodon punctatus L. ; name preoccupied by Drepana* or Drepane Schranck, Lepidoptera, 1802 ; replaced by Enixe Gistel, 1848, and by Harpochirus Cantor, 1849. Spinax (Commerson) Cuvier & Valenciennes, VIII, 333; orthotype S. edax Com¬ merson MS. = Gasterosteus canadus L., note in passing. Name pre¬ occupied; a synonym of Racitycentron Kaup (Elacate Cuv.). 146B. BONAPARTE (1831). Saggio di una distribuzione mctodica degli animali vcrtebrciti. Prospetto del Systema d’lttiologia Generale; also in Giornale Arcadico, 167-190, 1832. Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, Prince de Canino (1803-1857). (Carlo Luciano Bonaparte). Merou (“Cuvier”) Bonaparte, 101; type presumably Serranus gigas; not defined. Same as Epinephelus Bloch. Dulichthys Bonaparte, 101 ; haplotype Dules auriga Cuv. Name a substitute for Dules Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Dulus, a genus of birds. If needed, Dulichthys replaces Eudulus Fowler. Pogonathus (Lacepede) Bonaparte, 104. This name is revived as a substitute for Pogonias Lac., 1803, “long since used in ornithology”. But Pogonias Illiger dates from 1811, while Pogonia and Pogonias, as a genus of birds, are still later in date. Micropogonias Bonaparte, 104 ; type Perca undulata L. Subtitute for Micro- pogon, which is said to be, but apparently is not, preoccupied. Sarpa Bonaparte 105 ; a bare word of reference. The intended type is obviously Sparus salpa L. Sarpa may stand as a section under Boops, the body being deeper and more compressed than in B. boops. Palamita Bonaparte, 107; (type Scomber sarda Bloch). Name a substitute for Pelamys Cuv. & Val., 1801, preoccupied in reptiles. But Sarda Cuv., 1829, is older and stands unless the non-binomial Sarda Plumier, 1802 (= Ocyurus Gill) is deemed eligible, in which case Palamita would hold. Priodontichthys Bonaparte, 109 ; haplotype Priodon annularis Cuv. & Val., the young of Naso annulatus Q. & G. Substitute for Priodon Cuv., preoccupied. A synonym of Naso Lac. Scopas Bonaparte, 109; type presumably Acanthurus scopas Cuv. & Val., being placed next to Acanthurus, but neither diagnosis nor type is given. Pre¬ sumably the same as Zebrasoma Sw., but not eligible. Ctenodon Bonaparte, 109. No description nor type mentioned; presumably in¬ tended for Acanthurus ctenodon Cuv. & Val., preoccupied; replaced by Ctenoch^etus Gill, 1884. Elops (Commerson) Bonaparte, 112; (type Gomphosus tricolor Lac.). Suggested as a substitute for Gomphosus Lac. (Not Elops L., 1758.) Erythrichthys Bonaparte, 116; type (Salmo erythrinus Bl. & Schn.). A needless substitute for Erythrinus (Gronow) Scopoli. It renders Erythrichthys T. & S. preoccupied, to be replaced by Erythrocles Jordan, 1919. 176 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 147A. EICHWALD (1831). Zoologia specialis potisimce R. Rossice et Polonies Wilna, 1831. Carl Eduard von Eichwald (1795-1876). Nematosoma Eichwald, III, 60; orthotype N. ophidium Eichw. (not Syngnathus ophidion L.) = Scyphius teres Nordmann, 1840. Name regarded as pre¬ occupied by Nemosoma, a genus of beetles. A synonnym of Nerophis Raf. 1810. Benthophilus Eichwald, III, 77 ; orthotype Gobius macrocephalus Pallas. 15QA. GRAY (1831). The Zoological Miscellany. I. John Edward Gray (1800-1873). Centracion Gray, I, 5 ; orthotype C. zebra Gray, Same as Cestracion Cuv., 1817, not of Klein. Replaces Heterodontus, if that name is regarded as preoccupied by the genus of snakes, Heterodon, 1802. 1832 151B. MUNSTER (1832). Beitrage zur Kunde der Petrefakten. I. Georg (Graf zu) Munster (1776-1844). Janassa Munster, I, 67; logotype J. angulata Munster (fossil) = Trilobites bituminosus Schlotheim. 151C. COUCH (1832). Fishes New to the British Fauna. Mag. Nat. Hist., V. Jonathan Couch (1788-1870). Ciliata Couch, V, 15; orthotype C. glauca Couch, a larva of Gadus mustela (L.). Name may be retained for the five-bearded Rocklings. 151 D. NARDO (1832). Annotazioni di quattro pesci nuovi, etc. Giovanni Domenico Nardo (1802-18 77). (Not seen by us; the title uncertain. The genus Gouania is quoted from Canestrini.) Gouania Nardo; orthotype G. prototypus Nardo — Lepadogaster willdenowi (Risso). Antedates Rupisuga Sw. 151E. KRYNICKI (1832). Schilus pallasii descriptus et icone illustratus. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou, II. J. Krynicki. 4 J Schilus Krynicki, II, 441 ; orthotype S. pallasi Krynicki = Perca volgensis Pallas. Replaces Mimoperca Gill & Jordan, 1877. 152. MINDING (1832). Lehrbuch: Naturgeschichte der Fische. Julius Minding. Hydronus Minding, 83 ; orthotype Gadus merlucius L. A synonym of Merluc- cius Raf. 153. NILSSON (1832). Prodr omus ichthyologice Scandinavice. Sven Nilsson (1787-1883). Salvelini Nilsson, 7 ; orthotype Salmo salvelinus L. = S. alpinus L. Group name, in the plural only; written as Salvelinus by Richardson (1836). Carassius Nilsson, IV, 290; orthotype Cyprinus carassius L. 153A. REINHARDT (1832). Bidrag til vor kundskab om Gronlands fiske. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Afh. Kjobenhavn, V. Johannes Reinhardt (1776-1845). Triglops Reinhardt, V, 52; orthotype T. pingeli Reinhardt. THE GENERA OF FISHES PART II 1833 164. AGASSIZ (1833). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. II; IV (first part; second part of Vol. II issued in 1844; part of Vol IV in 1833). Louis Agassiz. Catopterus Agassiz, II, 3; orthotype C. ovalis Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Dip- TERUS. Amblypterus Agassiz, II, 3, 28; orthotype A. latus Ag. (fossil). Gyrolepis Agassiz, II, 6, 172; logotype G. alberti Ag. (fossil). Tetragonolepis Agassiz, II, 6, 181; logotype T. confluens Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied; a synonym of Dapedium Leach. Microps Agassiz, II, 10; orthotype M. furcatus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied; replaced by Periurgus Gistel, 1848. Pygopterus Agassiz, II, 10; orthotype P. humboldti Ag. (fossil). Notagogus Agassiz, II, 10; orthotype N. pentlandi Ag. (fossil). Acrolepis Agassiz, II, 11; orthotype A. sedgwicki Ag. (fossil). Pachycormus Agassiz, II, 11; orthotype Elops macropterus Blainv. (fossil). Thrissops Agassiz, II, 12; orthotype T. formosus Ag. (fossil). Megalurus Agassiz, II, 13; orthotype M. lepidotus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccu¬ pied in birds (Horsfield, 1821), replaced by Synergus Gistel (1848), also pre¬ occupied; suggested as substitute for both Urocles Jordan, 1919. Aspidorhynchus Agassiz, II, 14; orthotype Esox acutirostris Blainv. (fossil). Saurostomus Agassiz, II, 14; orthotype S. esocinus Ag. (fossil). Sphoerodus Agassiz, II, 15; logotype S. gigas Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Lepi- dotes Ag. ; not Sph^erodon Riippell. Pycnodus Agassiz, II, 16; orthotype Zeus platessus Blainv. (fossil). Gyrodus Agassiz, II, 16; orthotype G. macrophthalmus Ag. (fossil). Microdon Agassiz, II, 16; orthotype M. elegans Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied in flies (Meigen, 1803), replaced by Proscinetes Gistel, 1848, and, later, by Polypsephis Hay (1899). Calamostoma Agassiz, II, 18; orthotype Syngnathus breviculus Blainv. (fossil). Acanthodes Agassiz, II, 19; orthotype Acanthoessus bronni Ag. (fossil). A sub¬ stitute, apparently unnecessary, for Acanthoessus Ag. (1832). Cyclopoma Agassiz, IV, 17; orthotype C. gigas Ag. (fossil). Smerdis Agassiz, IV, 32; logotype Perca minuta Blainv. (fossil). Name preoccu¬ pied in insects; replaced by Dapalis Gistel (1848). Gasrteronemus Agassiz, V, 17; logotype G. rhombeus Ag. (fossil). An extinct homologue of Mene. 165. BRANDT & RATZEBURG (1833). Medizinische Zoologie. II. Johann Friedrich Brandt (1802-1879) ; J. T. C. Ratzeburg (1801-1871). Huso Brandt & Ratzeburg, II, 3; orthotype Acipenser huso L. A synonym of Ichthyocolla Geofifroy, 1767, and of Sterletus Raf., 1820. 178 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Helops Brandt & Ratzeburg II, 3 ; orthotype Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1768, = A. helops Pallas, 1811. Sterletus Brandt & Ratzeburg, II, 3, 349; orthotype Acipenser ruthenus L. Name spelled also Sterleta Muller) and Sterledus (Bon.). Name preoccupied; replaced by Sterleta Giildenstadt, if binomial. Sterletus Raf. (1820) is based on an American species, Acipenser serotinus Raf., which is the same as Acipenser rubicundus Le Sueur, still earlier called Acipenser fulvescens by Rafinesque. This species belongs to the group or genus called Ichthyocolla by Geoffroy in 1767, and Huso by Brandt & Ratzeburg in 1833. 166. COCCO (1833). Osservationes Peloritani. Anastasio Cocco (1799-1854). Ruvettus Cocco, XIII, 18 (April, 1833) ; orthotype R. pretiosus Cocco. 167. COCCO (1833). Lettere al Signor Risso su alcuni pesci novelli. Giorn. Sci. Lett. Sicilia, XLII. Anastasio Cocco. Tylosurus Cocco, XLII, No. 124; orthotype T. cantraini Cocco = Esox impe¬ rials Raf. = Sphyr.ena acus Lac. 168. COCCO (1833). Sit alcuni pesci de Mare di Messina. Giorn. Sci. Lett. Sicilia, XLII. Anastasio Cocco. Mupus Cocco, 20; orthotype M. imperials Cocco. The name Leirus Lowe, also of 1833, is preoccupied in beetles (1823) and must give place to Mupus. 169. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1833). Histoire naturelle des poissons. IX. Georges Cuvier; Achille Valenciennes. Trachurus Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 6; haplotype Scomber trachurus L. Same as Trachurus Raf., 1810. Hynnis Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 95; orthotype H. goreensis Cuv. & Val. Lactarius Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 237 ; haplotype Scomber lactarius Bloch == Lactarius delicatulus Cuv. & Val. Nauclerus Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 247 ; orthotype N. compressus Cuv. & Val. Young of Naucrates Raf. Porthmeus Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 255; orthotype P. argenteus Cuv. & Val. Psenes Cuvier & Valenciennes IX, 259; orthotype P. cyanophrys Cuv. & Val. Gallichthys Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 264; orthotype Gallichthys major Cuv. & Val. Substitute for Gallus, preoccupied in birds ; a synonym of Alectis Raf. Lampugus Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 317 ; orthotype Scomber pelagicus L. A synonym of Coryph^ena L. Aphredoderus (Le Sueur) Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 445; orthotype A. gibbosus Le Sueur = Scolopsis sayanus Gilliams.. Also spelled Aphrodedirus and Aphododerus by authors. 170. GRAY (1833). The Illustrations of Indian Zoology, Chiefly Selected from the Collection of General Hardzvicke. John Edward Gray. This paper contains plates only, no diagnosis of the new genera being given. Balitora Gray, II, pi. 5 ; haplotype B. brucei Gray. A synonym of Homaloptf.ra Van Hasselt. lowe, 1833 179 Bedula Gray, II, 88; logotype B. nebulosa Gray. A synonym of Nandus Cuv. & Val., 1831. Pterapon Gray, II, 38; haplotype P. trivittatus Gray = Sclena jarbua Forskal. A synonym of Therapon Cuv. Anaora Gray, II, 90; haplotype A. tentaculata Gray. (Name misprinted Amora, but corrected in manuscript on the plate.) Species not identified; resem¬ bles Thysanophrys Ogilby. Apterygia Gray, II, 92; haplotype A. ramcarate Gray. A synonym of Raconda Gray. Tor Gray, II, 96; haplotype Cyprinus tor Ham. = Tor hamiltoni Gray. Replaces Labeobarbus Riippell. Bengala Gray, II 96; haplotype Cyprinus elanga Ham. Replaces Megarasbora Gthr. Amanses Gray, II, 98; haplotype A. hystrix Gray = Monacanthus scopas Cuv. Acarana Gray, II, 98; haplotype Ostracion auritus Shaw. Also in Ann Nat. Hist., I, 110, 1838. Girella Gray, II, 98; haplotype G. punctata Gray. 171, 172. LOWE (1833). Character of a New Genus and of Several New Species of Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I. Richard Thomas Lowe (1802-1874). Alepisaurus Lowe, 104; orthotype A. ferox Lowe. A synonym of Plagyodus Stel- ler, 1811, if the latter be deemed tenable, being given in the dative case only (“Plygyodontem”) Often written Alepidosaurus by authors. 173. LOWE (1833). Character of a New Genus and of Several New Species of Fishes from Madeira. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I. Richard Thomas Lowe Leirus Lowe, 142 ; orthotype L. bennetti Lowe = Centrolophus ovalis Cuv. & Val. = Mupus imperialis Cocco, the three names of the same date. Leirus is preoccupied in beetles (Meigen, 1823) and gives place to Mupus Cocco. 174. NARDO (1833). De Skeponopodo novo piscium genere et de Guebucu Mar- gravii: species illi cogniti: Isis. Mem. Assemb. Nat. Vienna. Gian Domenico Nardo. Skeponopodus Nardo, fasc. 416; orthotype S. typus Nardo = Xiphias imperator Bl. & Schn. A synonym of Tetrapturus Raf. 175. REINHARDT (1833). Bemdrkningen til den Skandinaviske ichthyologic. Johannes Reinhardt. Silus Reinhardt, 11; orthotype Salmo silus Ascanius. Apparently a synonym of Argentina L. 1834 176. AGASSIZ (1834). Abgerissene Bemerkungen iiber fossile Fische. Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie. Louis Agassiz. Ophiopsis Agassiz, 385; orthotype O. procerus Ag. (fossil). Saurichthys Agassiz, 386; orthotype S. apicalis Ag. (fossil). Propterus Agassiz, 386; orthotype P. microstomus Ag. (fossil). Caturus Agassiz, 387; orthotype Ur;eus nuchalis Ag. (fossil). Substitute for Uiueus Ag., preoccupied. Macrosemius Agassiz, 387; orthotype M. rostratus Ag. (fossil). 180 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Belonostomus Agassiz, 388; orthotype B. tenuirostris Ag. (fossil). Dercetis Agassiz, 389; orthotype D. scutatus Ag. (fossil). 177. AGASSIZ (1834). V erhandlungen der Gesellschaft des vaterldndischen Museums. Bohmen. Louis Agassiz. Halec Agassiz, 67; orthotype H. sternbergi Ag. (fossil). 178. AGASSIZ (1834). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. V (part), 1834. Louis Agassiz. Acanthonemus Agassiz, V, 27; orthotype A. filamentosus Ag. (fossil). 179. COSTA (1834). Cenni zoologici, ossia descripzione sommaria delle specie > nuovi di animali discoperti in diverse contrade del regno, nell’ anno 1834. (Naples.) Oronzio Gabriele Costa (1787-1867). Branchiostoma Costa, 49; orthotype Limax lanceolatus Pallas; replaces Am- phioxus (Gray) Yarrell. Nemotherus (Risso) Costa, fig. 9; orthotype N. erythropterus Risso. A synonym of Trachypterus (not verified). 180. GRIFFITH (1834). The Class Pisces, Arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with Supplementary Additions by Edward Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith. Carangus Griffith, 335 ; tautotype Scomber carangus Bloch = Scomber hippos L. A synonym of Caranx Lac. as restricted ; same as Carangus Grd. 181. HENLE (1834). Sur le Narcine, nouveau genre de rales electriques, etc. Ann. Sci. Nat., II. (Also in German as Ueber Narcine.) Friedrich Gustav Jacob Henle (1807-1855). Narcine Henle, 31 ; orthotype Torpedo brasiliensis Olfers. 182. MtlNSTER (1834). Knochenhohle bei Rabenstein, etc. Neues Jahrb. Miner. Georg Munster. Undina Munster, 539; orthotype U. penicillata Munster (fossil). 183. QUOY & GAIMARD (1834). Voyage de decouvertes de “V Astrolabe,” etc. (1826-29), sons le commandement de M. J. Dumont d’Urville. Jean Rene Constantin Quoy (1707-1778) ; Paul Gaimard (1790-1858). Aspidontus (Cuvier) Quoy & Gaimard, 719; orthotype A. t^eniatus Cuv. & Val. An ally of Petroscirtes Riippell, distinguished by the lack of elevation of the anterior dorsal spines. 1835 184. AGASSIZ (1835). Ueber die Familie der Karpfen. Mem. Soc. Nat. Neufchatel, I. Louis Agassiz. Acanthopsis Agassiz, I, 36; orthotype Cobitis taenia L. Name preoccupied. A syn¬ onym of Cobitis L. Phoxinus Agassiz, 37 ; orthotype Leuciscus phoxinus L. Same as Phoxinus Raf. 1820. Rhodeus Agassiz, I, 37 ; orthotype Cyprinus amarus Bloch. Chondrostoma Agassiz, I, 38; orthotype Cyprinus nasus L. Aspius Agassiz, I, 38; tautotype Cyprinus aspius L. Pelecus Agassiz, I, 39; orthotype Cyprinus cultratus L. AGASSIZ, 1835 181 185. AGASSIZ (1835). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. II. Louis Agassiz. Plectrolepis (Agassiz) II, 44; orthotype P. rugosus Ag. (fossil). Name only; validated by Egerton, 1850. A synonym of Eurynotus Ag. = Notacmon Gistel, 1848. Megalodon Agassiz, II, 55; logotype M. lewesiensis Ag. (fossil). Name preoccu¬ pied; a synonym of Pachyrhizodus. Enchodus Agassiz, II, 55 (feuilleton) ; orthotype Esox lewesiensis Mantell (fossil). Macropoma Agassiz, II, 55 (euilleton) ; orthotype M. mantelli Ag. (fossil). Diplopterus Agassiz, II, 113; orthotype D. macrocephalus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied; replaced by Diplopterax McCoy (1885). Pleiopterus Agassiz, II, 113; orthotype Osteolepis macrolepidotus Val. (fossil). A synonym of Asirolepis. Cheiracanthus Agassiz, II, 125; orthotype C. murchisoni Ag. (fossil). Cheirolepis Agassiz, II, 128; orthotype C. trailli Ag. (fossil). Cephalaspis Agassiz, II, 135; orthotype C. lyelli Ag. (fossil). Eurynotus Agassiz, II, 153; logotype E. crenatus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied; replaced by Notacmon Gistel (1848). Platysomus Agassiz, II, 6, 161; logotype Stromateus gibbosus Blainv. (fossil). Name held to be preoccuped by Platysoma Leach, 1817 ; replaced by Scrotes Gistel (1848) ; Uropteryx (Ag.) Woodw. (1907) may be also regarded as a substitute. 186. AGASSIZ (1835). Ueber das der Glarner-S chief er-Formation nach ihren Fischresten. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Louis Agassiz. Carangopsis Agassiz, 293; orthotype C. latior Ag. (fossil). Names only; validated in 1844. Urosphen Agassiz, 293; orthotype U. fistularis Ag. (fossil). Names only; vali¬ dated in 1844. Amphistium Agassiz, 294; orthotype A. paradoxum Ag. (fossil). Names only; validated in 1844. Xiphopterus Agassiz, 295; orthotype Esox falcatus Volta (fossil). Pristigenys Agassiz, 299; orthotype P. macrophthalmus Ag. (fossil). Name only; described in 1839 ( Poiss . fossiles, IV, 139). Coelogaster Agassiz, 304; orthotype C. analis Ag. (fossil) (name only), and hence dating only from later usage. Platinx Agassiz, 304; orthotype P. elongatus Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Monop- teros Volta (1794). Enchelyopus Agassiz, 307; orthotype E. tigrinus Ag. (fossil); name only; vali¬ dated by Agassiz in 1844. Preoccupied; replaced by Paranguilla Blkr. (1864). 187. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1835). Histoire naturelle des poissons. X. (The series continued after the death of Cuvier, in 1832, until 1848, by Achille Valenciennes.) Keris Cuvier & Valenciennes, 304, 1835 ; orthotype Keris anguinosus Cuv. & Val. Often written Ceris : the young of Naso Lac. 188. GOTTSCHE (1835). Die seeldndischen Pleuronectes-Arten. Wiegmann's Archiv. der Naturgeschichte, II. Carl Moritz Gottsche (1808-1892). 182 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Limanda Gottsche, 100; orthotype Pleuronectes limanda L. Microstomus Gottsche, 150; orthotype M. latidens Gottsche. Regarded as pre¬ occupied by Microstoma Risso, 1826; replaced by Cynicoglossus Bon. Glyptocephalus Gottsche, 156; orthotype Pleuronectes saxicola Faber = P. cyno- glossus L. Hippoglossoides Gottsche, 168; orthotype H. limanda Gottsche = Pleuronectes LIMANDOIDES Bloch. Zeugopterus Gottsche, 178; orthotype Pleuronectes hirtus Abildgard. 189. JOANNIS (1835). Observations sur les poissons du Nil et descriptions de plusieurs especes nouvelles, etc. Mag. Zool., 1835. L. DE JOANNIS. Mochokus Joannis, pi. 8; orthotype M. niloticus Joannis. « 190. MEYEN (1835). Reise in Peru. I. J. Meyen. Pygidium Meyen, I, 475 ; orthotype P. fuscum Meyen. 191. MULLER (1835). Vergleichende Anatomie der Myxinoiden, der Cyclostomen mit durchbohrten Gaumen. (Reprinted in Arch. Naturg., Berlin, for 1846, 247.) Johannes Muller (1801-1858). Sturio Muller, 77. (Sturgeons without opercle.) Type presumably Acipenser sturio L. A synonym of Acipenser A g. Scaphirhynchus (Heckel) Muller, 77; footnote only; defined as lacking the quad¬ rate bone; logotype Acipenser platorhynchus Raf. Bdellostoma Muller, 79 (248, reprint); orthotype B. hexatrema Muller; a sub¬ stitute for Heptatrema Dum. as not correct in fact. Both are synonyms of Eptatretus Cloquet, 1818. 192. DE LA PYLAIE (1835). Recherches en France, sur les poissons de l’ ocean, pendant les annees 1832 et 1833. Congres Scientifique de France tenue a Poitiers, 1834. M. DE LA PYLAIE (de FOUGERES). This singularly useless paper has been totally overlooked by all natural ists except Dr. Gill, who has noted Pylaie’s use of the name Argyrosomus (1835), at a date prior to that of Agassiz (1850). Besides the “new genera” enumerated below, the following new species are indicated by De la Pylaie Spinax vitulinus p. 527 (“tete qui rappelle un muffle de veau”). Scyllium atlanticum (527) (“trop differente,” etc.). Scymnus aquitanensis (527) (la Senille ou Chenille de File Dieu). Squalraja cervicata (527) (“pour le distinguer de l’ordinaire, que est acephale”). Squalraia acephala (527) ( = Squatina squatina). Torpedo elliptica (527) (“d’apres la structure de ses deux pectorales”). Rajabatis macrophalla (528) (Differing in length of clasper). Rajabatis microphalla (528). “Neuf autres especes completent ce genre; ce sont les R. triptera, polyacantha, variegata, tigrina, monolifera, florigera, melumpseca, mosaica, undulata. Hippocampus atrichus (529) (“espece de l’Ocean”). Hippocampus jubatus (529) (“des filamens qui composent, le long de son cou, une espece de criniere peu fournie”). Aptocyclus ostraciodes (529). “Coffret.” “Nouvelle espece encore tres bien carac- terisee.” PYLAIE, 1835 183 Anguilla vulgaris, “mcs varieties macrocephala, ornithorhincha, platyura, egalement nouvelles pour la science” (529). Mur^ena hippocrepis (529) “commune dans certain reservoirs des Salines, a File de Noirmontier”. Ammodytes pictavus (529a) “qui s’en distingue par l’absence de dents, par le nombre des rayons et par la couleur de quelques parties de son corps”. Morrhua vulgaris callarina (530), a variety “rare a ile Dieu,” etc. Gadus zonatus (530), a “variety” of “Gadus barbatus”. Mustela rubens (530), “La Coche Rouge”. Mustela quinquecirrha (530), “a cinq barbillons”. Blennius gattorugine bitentacularis (530). Blennius pictavus (530), “nouvelles especes”. Blennius pieti (530). Pterozygus bievrii (530). Gobius nigricanas (531), “habite les roches de la cote”. Thynnus atlanticus (531a), the albacore. Thynnus oceanicus (531a), the tunny. Trigla megalophthalma (531a), “d’apres la grosseur remarkable des yeux”. Crenilabrus phenodontus (532), “a grand dent”. Crenilabrus marmoratus (532). Crenilabrus oxycephalus (532), “n’a pas de tache noir sur la queue; son museau est plus pointee”. S argus pulchellus (532), “Ruscain, d’apres sa chair rouge”. Exocallus insignis (532a), new name for Boops Boops (L). Perca olonnensis (532a) (“nouvelle espece”). Perca inermis (532a). Name only. Argyrosomus procerus (532a),' “Baie de Bourgneuf”. Clupea elongata (532a) “une variete N. du Clupea alosa, le corps beaucoup plus allonge que dans l’alose ordinaire”. Apterogasterus rostellatus (532a), “Jacquine” “D’apres la forme de son museau”. Leucisus pictava (533). “Chevenau” “le corps est moins large” (que dans le Leuciscus chub de Pennant). Leuciscus obtusus (533) “able ou petit verdon sans taches”. Gobio phoxinoides (533), “Goujon veronette”. Cobitis parisiensis (534), “Loche Franche”. Oobitis pictava (534), “repandu dans nos rivieres”. Solea cuneata (534), “Sole setan” : “espece mediocre, mais parfaitement carac- terisee”. Rhombus gallinula (534) ,“poulette de mer”. Squalraia De la Pylaie, 526; orthotype Squalraia acephala Pylaie == Raja squa- tina L. A synonym of Squatina; not Squaloraiaia Riley (1826). Rajabatis De la Pylaie, 528; logotype Raja mosaica Lac. (most of the other species named being left Undescribed). A synonym of Raja, possibly not intended as a generic name. Aptocylus De la Pylaie, 529; orthotype “Cyclogasterus ventricosus” Pallas (error for “Cyclopterus”). Replaces Cyclopterichthys Steind. (1861). Pterozygus De la Pylaie, 530; orthotype P. bievrii De la Pylaie. “Une loche qui presente le singulier caractere d’avoir ses nageoires pectorales et thoracins reunies par paires.” Probably a monstrous form of Cobitis L. Exocallus De la Pylaie, 532 (a) ; orthotype E. insignis Pylaie (Sparus boops L.). Name a substitute for Boops, of which it is a needless synonym. 184 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Apterogasterus De la Pylaie, 532a ; orthotype A. rostellatus Pylaie, “la Jac- quine”. (Not identified.) Argyrosomus De la Pylaie, 534; orthotype A. procerus De la Pylaie. A synonym of ScLAiNA L. as restricted by Cuvier ; same as Pseudosci^ena Blkr. 193. RtjPPELL (1835). Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehorig. 2 vols. Eduard Ruppell. Enneapterygius Ruppell, 2; orthotype E. pusillus Ruppell. Gazza Ruppell, 4; orthotype G. equul^eformis Ruppell. Pseudochromis Ruppell, 8; logotype P. olivaceus Ruppell. Halichoeres Ruppell, 14; logotype H. bimaculatus Ruppell (as restricted by Jor¬ dan & Snyder). Regarded as preoccupied by Halichcerus, a genus of seals; replaced by Hemiulis Sw. (1839) and by Chcerojulis Gill (1864). Lutodeira (Kuhl) Ruppell, 18; orthotype Mugil chanos Forskal. A synonym of Chanos Lac. Xenodon Ruppell, 53 ; orthotype Balistes Niger Lac. Preoccupied in reptiles ; replaced by Zenodon Sw. (1839), by Odonus Gistel (1848), by Erythrodon Ruppell (1852) and by Pyrodon Kaup (1853). The validity of the oldest of these substitute names, Zenodon, may be questioned. See record of Swainson (1839). Nebrius Ruppell, 62; orthotype Nebrius concolor Ruppell. Name regarded as pre¬ occupied by Nebria Latreille and Nebris Cuv. ; replaced by Nebrodes Gar- man. But the root is different : vePqioi of Aristotle, referring to some shark. Uropterygius Ruppell, 83 ; orthotype N. concolor Ruppell. This would be a synonym of Gymnomur^ena Lac., as restricted by Bleeker, 1864, but not as limited by Kaup, 1856. Sphaerodon Ruppell, 113; orthotype Sci^ena grandoculis Forskal. A synonym of Monotaxis Bennett. Pristotis Ruppell, 128; orthotype P. cyanostigma Ruppell. A synonym of Poma- centrus Lac. 194. SCHULTZE (1835). V ersammlung von Naturforschers in Bonn. Carl August Sigmund Schultze (1795-1877). Hexabranchus Schultze; orthotype presumably Bdellostoma hexatrema Muller. If so, a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet. According to Agassiz, a genus of lampreys, presumably one with six gills ; no further details available. 1836 195. AGASSIZ (1836). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. III. Louis Agassiz. Zygobatis Agassiz, III, 79; orthotype Z. jussieui Ag. A synonym of Rhinoptera Kuhl. Odontaspis Agassiz, III, 87; orthotype O. ferox Ag. A synonym of Carch arias Raf. as now limited. Spinacorhinus Agassiz, III, 94; orthotype S. polyspondylus Ag. (fossil). A syn¬ onym of Squaloraia Riley. Goniodus Agassiz, III, 183 ; orthotype Squalus spinosus Gmelin ==• Squalus bru cus Bonnaterre. A synonym of Echinorhinus Blainv. Amblyurus Agassiz, III, 220; orthotype A. macrostomus Ag. (fossil). A syno¬ nym of Dapedium Leach. AGASSIZ & HIBBERT, 1836 185 196. AGASSIZ & HIBBERT (1836). On the Fresh-water Limestones of Burdie- house, etc. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburg. Louis Agassiz; Samuel Hibbert (1782-1848). Megalichthys Agassiz, VIII, 202; orthotype M. hibberti Ag. (fossil). 197. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1836). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XI. Achille Valenciennes. Omobranchus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 87; orthotype Blenne- chis fasciolatus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Aspidontus Cuv. Cestraeus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI 157 ; type CestrvEUS plicatilis Cuv. & Val. Near Agonostomus Bennett, 1830. Not Cestreus Klein, nor of McClelland, nor Gronow. Dajaus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 164; haplotype Mugil montioola Bancroft; near Agonostomus Bennett, 1800. Nestis Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 167 ; logotype Nestis cyprinoides Cuv. & Val. = Agnostomus telfairi Bennett, 1830. A synonym of Agonostomus Bennett. Blennechis Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 279; logotype B. filamentosus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Petroscirtes Riippell. Chasmodes Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 295 ; logotype Blennius bosquianus Lac. Cristiceps Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 402 ; haplotype C. australis Cuv. & Val. Gunnellus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 419; tautotype Blennius gunnellus L. A synonym of Pholis (Gronow) Scopoli (1777), and of Mur^noides Lac. (1803). Often spelled Gunellus. 198. IiECKEL (1836). S caphirhynchus , eine Fischgattmig aits der Ordnung der Chondropterygier mit freien Kiemen. Ann. Wien. Mus., I. Johann Jakob Heckel (1790-1857). Scaphirhynchus Heckel, I, 71 ; orthotype S. rafinesquei = Acipenser platoryn- chus Raf. Regarded preoccupied by Scaphorhynchus Maximilian, 1831, a genus of birds; replaced by Scaphirhynchops Gill (see Muller 1835). 199. HECKEL & FITZINGER (1836). Monographische Darstellung der Gai- tung Acipenser. Ann. Wien. Mus., I. Johann Jakob Heckel; Leopold J. Fitzinger (1802-1884). Antaceus Heckel & Fitzinger, 293 ; orthotype Acipenser schypa Eichw. Lioniscus Heckel & Fitzinger, 370; orthotype Acipenser glaber Fitzinger. 200. LIfiNARD (1836). Sur quelques poissons de I’ile Maurice. L’lnstitut, IV. Elize Lienard. Platysoma Lienard. Name preoccupied; said to be near Dules (Kuhlia). (Very doubtful ; here quoted from Scudder. I fail to find the name in question else¬ where.) 201. MUNSTER (1836). Capitosaurus in Keupersandstein; Gyrodus multidens in Jurakalk ; achtc Belonostomus-Art ; Lebias und Cyprinus in Braunkohle im Fichtelgebirge, etc Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Georg Munster. Aellopos Munster, 581; orthotype A. elongatus Munster (fossil). An extinct ally of Rhinobatus. 202. RICHARDSON (1836). Back's Narrative of an Arctic Land Expedition. John Richardson (1787-1865) Stenodus Richardson (appendix), 521; orthotype Salmo mackenziei Rich. Replaces Luciotrutta Gthr. (1866). 186 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 203. RICHARDSON (1836). Fauna Borcali- Americana. III. John Richardson. Temnistia Richardson, III, 59; orthotype Blepsias ventricosus Eschscholtz. A synonym of Hemilepidotus Cuv. Salvelinus (Nilsson) Richardson, III, 169; tautotype Salmo salvelinus L. First use in the singular of Nilsson’s group name “Salvelini”. Replaces Baione Dekay (1842) and Umbla Rapp (1854). 204. RUPPELL (1836). Neuer Nachtrag zu Beschreibungen und Abbildungen neuer Fische, im Nil entdeckt. Museum Senckenberg, II. Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon Ruppell. Labeobarbus Ruppell, II, 14; haplotype Labeobarbus nedgia Ruppell. Probably not distinct'from Tor Gray, 1833. Varicorhinus Ruppell, II, 14; orthotype V. beso Ruppell = Labeo varicorhinus Cuv. & Val. Varicorhinus Ruppell is said by Berg to include Capoeta, Scaphiodon, Dillonia, Gymnostomus, Onychostoma, Pterocapoeta and Acapoeta. Some of these have doubtless standing as subgenera. 205. YARRELL (1836). A History of British Fishes, etc. 2 vols. William Yarrell (1784-1856). Amphioxus (Gray) Yarrell, 468; orthotype Limax lanceolatus Pallas. A syno¬ nym of Branchiostoma Costa. 1837 206. AGASSIZ (1837). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. Ill (part), V (part). Louis Agassiz. Onchus Agassiz, III, 6; orthotype O. murchisoni Ag. (fossil). Ctenacanthus Agassiz, III, 10; logotype C. major Ag. (fossil). Oracanthus Agassiz, III, 13; orthotype O. mulleri Ag. (fossil). Gyracanthus Agassiz, III, 17; orthotype G. formosus Ag. (fossil). Tristychius Agassiz, III, 21; orthotype T. arcuatus Ag. (fossil). Ptychacanthus Agassiz, III, 22; orthotype P. subl.evis Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Tristychius Ag. Sphenacanthus Agassiz, III, 23; orthotype S. serrulatus Ag. (fossil). Nemacanthus Agassiz, III, 25; logotype N. monilifer Ag. (fossil). Leptacanthus Agassiz, III, 27; logotype L. semistriatus Ag. (fossil). Fossil spines of a Chim^eroid, perhaps synonymous with Ganodus. Asteracanthus Agassiz, III, 31; orthotype A. ornatissimus Ag. (fossil). Pristeacanthus Agassiz, III, 35; orthotype P. securis Ag. (fossil). Myriacanthus Agassiz, III, 37; logotype M. paradoxus Ag. (fossil). Hybodus Agassiz III, 41; orthotype H. plicatilis Ag. (fossil). Leiacanthus Agassiz, III, 55; orthotype L. falcatus Ag. (fossil). Pleuracanthus Agassiz, III, 66; orthotype P. l^vissimus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied ; probably replaced by Orthacanthus Ag. ; perhaps the spine of the forms known from the teeth, as Diplodus, Dicranodus, Dittodus, etc. Hypsodon Agassiz, V, 100; logotype Megalodon lewesiensis Mantell (fossil). Specimens not all of one genus, some belonging to Portheus Cope (1872). 207. BONAPARTE (1834-1841). Iconografia della fauna italica , per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati. Tome, III. Pesce. Carlo Luciano Bonaparte (Principe de Canino e de Musignano). BONAPARTE, 1837 187 This sumptuous and finely illustrated work was issued in separate fasci¬ cles from 1832 to 1842. The fishes seem to begin with fascicle VI in 1837. The last are in fascicle 160, probably issued in 1841. There is no paging, and exact dates, except for a few fascicles, are inaccessible to me. I there¬ fore divide the work into three parts, 1837, 1840 and 1841. Fascicles 156 to 160 are subsequent to Swainson’s Natural History, 1839, from which they quote. So far as I know, no question of nomenclature hinges on these uncer¬ tain dates. Troschel ( Archiv . Naturg.) gives the date 1884 for fascicles “Lieferungen” VI to XI, 1837 for XVI to XX, 1838 for XXVI to XXIII, 1839 for XXIV to XXVI, and 1840 for XXVII ; but these “deliveries” seem not to correspond to the fascicles. Orectolobus Bonaparte, fasc. 7 ; orthotype Squalus barbatus Gmelin (date prob¬ ably 1837). Replaces Crossorhinus M. & H. Cerna Bonaparte fasc. 10* ; orthotype Perca gigas Briinnich = Labrus guaza L. (1837). A synonym of Epinephelus Bloch, as now resticted. Cynicoglossus Bonaparte, fasc. 19; orthotype Pleuronectes cynoglossus Nilsson (not of L.) = Pleuronectes kitt Walbaum. Equivalent to Microstomus Gottsche, which it replaces if Microstomus is regarded as preoccupied by Microstoma Cuv. (1817). Batis Bonaparte, fasc 21*; orthotype Raja radula De la Roche (called Dasybatus in fasc. 68). A synonym of Raja L. Laeviraja Bonaparte, fasc. 21*; orthotype Raja oxyrhynchus L. Microchirus Bonaparte, fasc. 26*; orthotype Pleuronectes microcpiirus De la Roche. Same as Monochirus and Monochir Cuv., not of Rafinesque; replaces Buglossus Gthr. Monochirus Bonaparte, fasc., 26* ; orthotype Solea monochir Bon. Same as Monochirus Raf. Pampus Bonaparte, 48 ; orthotype (not named) but plainly Strom ateus candidus Cuv. & Val. Replaces Stromateiodes Blkr., 1851. “Diamo il nome di Pampus al secundo sottogenere in cui accogliamo quelle specie che non hanno pinne ventrali e portano innanzo ai raggi dorsale e dell’ anale parecchie spine terminale superiormente da una lamina tagliente.” (Bonaparte.) These peculiar trenchant spines are found in all the species called Stromateoides, though buried in the flesh in the adult. Dasybatus Bonaparte, fasc. 68 ; orthotype R.aja radula De la Roche. Called Batis on fascicle 21 ; also written Dasybatis. A synonym of Raja L. ; not Dasy- atis Raf. (1837). Membras Bonaparte, fasc. 91 ; orthotype an “exotic species”, evidently Atherina martinica Cuv. & Val. Menidia Bonaparte, fasc. 91 ; orthotype an “exotic species,” evidently Atherina menidia L. Hepsetia Bonaparte, fasc. 91 ; orthotype Atherina boyeri Risso. Cyprinopsis (Fitzinger) Bonaparte, fasc. 92; orthotype Cyprinus carassius L. (1838). A synonym of Carassius Nilsson. Squalius Bonaparte, fasc. 96; logotype Squalius tyberinus Bon. — Leuciscus squalus Bon. A synonym of Leuciscus Cuv. Scardinius Bonaparte, fasc. 96; orthotype Leuciscus scardafa Bon. Telestes Bonaparte, fasc. 103; orth'otype Telestes muticellus Bon. (1839). Plagiusa Bonaparte, fasc. 120 ; orthotype (by implication) Pleuronectes plagiusa L. A substitute for Plagusisa Cuv.; preoccupied (“non Plagusia, nome di crustaceo”). A synonym of Symphurus Raf. (1810). 188 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 208. CANTRAINE (1837). Memoire sur un poisson nouveau (Acanthoderma temmincki ) trouve dans le canal de Messine. Journ. de Bruxelles. Francois Joseph Cantraine (1801-1863). Acanthoderma Cantraine, X, 1-19; orthotype A. temmincki Cantraine. A synonym of Ruvettus Cocco. 209. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1837). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XII. Achille Valenciennes. Oplopomus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 66 (reference in synonymy) ; orthotype O. pulcher Ehrenb. = Gobius oplopomus Cuv. & Val. Replaces Centrogobius Blkr., 1874. Cryptocentrus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 111; orthotype C. meleagris Ehrenb. = Gobius cryptocentrus Cuv. & Val. Replaces Para- gobius Blkr. Ehrenberg’s manuscript, Zoologia: Pisces, quoted by Cuvier and Valenciennes, seems never to have been published. Amblyopus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 139; logotype T^enoides herrmannianus Lac. A synonym of 'Eenioides Lac. 1803 Apocryptes (Osbeck) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 143; orthotype Gobius pectini- rostis Gmelin = Apocryptes chinensis Osbeck, 1757, and in later transla¬ tions (after 1758). Apocryptes Cuv. & Val. is plainly a revival of Osbeck’s genus, and the name ought not legitimately to be transferred to another group as has been done by Gunther and Bleeker. Bleeker makes Gobius bato Ham. the type of Apocryptes Cuv. & Val., as this is the first species named by these authors under Apocryptes. But it would seem that Osbeck’s haplotype (A. chinensis) must be accepted in the revival of his genus, in which case Apocryptes (Osbeck) Cuv. & Val. replaces Boleophphalmus Cuv. & Val. (p. 198). As against the views here expressed, it may be urged that the pre- Linmean name Apocryptes Osbeck has no standing and Apocryptes Cuv. & Val. is really based on Gobius bato, a species actually in hand, as the descrip¬ tion shows. Apocryptes chinensis (pectinirostris) was included by error, it being a member in fact of the genus Boleophthalmus Cuv. & Val., as later writers have recognized. It may be urged further that the first desig¬ nation of type of Apocryptes is that of Bleeker, who places it on Apocryptes bato. A further point is that accepting Apocryptes in the Osbeckian sense leaves the genus of Cuvier and Valenciennes without a name, unless we accept Gobileptes Sw. But the scales in Gobileptes are described as large, while those of Apocryptes bato are “exceedingly small”. Swainson obviously drew his Gobileptes from the description of Gobius acutipinnis Cuv. & Val., later abandoning the genus, which he does not again notice. Among the numerous genera of sharp-tailed gobies, I have not found the proper place for (Gobi¬ leptes acutipinnis. This generic name, Gobilepres Sw., with no species mentioned, is interpreted by Bleeker as referring to Gobius bato and hence is regarded by him as a synonym of Apocryptes. Boleophthalmus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 198 ; orthotype Gobius bodd^rti Pal¬ las. Perhaps a synonym of Apocryptes (Osbeck) Cuv. & Val., which see above. Philypnus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 235; haplotype Gobiomorus dormitor Lac. Same as Gobiomorus Lac., as first restricted by Jordan. Gill has later lim¬ ited the name to Valenciennea Blkr. EGERTON, 1837 189 Hemerocoetcs Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 311; haplotype Callionymus acan- thorhynchus Forster. Platyptera (Kuhl & Van Hasselt) Cuvier & Valencenniences, XII, 320; orthotype P. aspro Van Hasselt. Name preoccupied, replaced by Rhyacichthys Boulenger, 1901. Halieutaea Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 455; haplotype Halieutaea stellata Cuv. & Val. 210. EGERTON (1837). ( Catalogue of Fossil Fishes.) Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton (1806-1881). Isurus (Agassiz) Egerton; orthotype I. macrourus Ag. (fossil). Name only; validated by Agassiz, 1844. Name preoccupied; replaced by Saurichthys Woodw., 1901. 211. FITZINGER (1837). V orlaufiger Bericht iiber eine hochst interessante Ent- deckung Dr. Natterers in Brasil. Oken’s Isis. Leopold Joseph Franz Fitzinger. Lepidosiren Fitzinger, 379 ; orthotype L. paradoxa Fitzinger. 212. FRIES (1837). Pterycombus, ett nytt hsksldgte frdn Ishafvet. Handl. K. Vetensk. Akad. Stockholm. Bengt Fredrik Fries (1799-1839). Pterycombus Fries, 14; orthotype P. brama Fries. 213. GEINITZ (1837). Thuringischen Muschelkalk. Hans Bruno Geinitz (1814-1900). Acrodus (Agassiz) Geinitz, 21; orthotype A. gaillardoti Ag. (fossil). (Also in Poissons fossiles, III, 139, 1838.) 214. HECKEL (1837). Ichthyologische Beitrdge. Ann. Wiener Mus., II. Johann Jakob Heckel. Scorpaenopsis Heckel, II, 158; orthotype Scorpzena nesogallica Cuv. & Val. Trachydermus Heckel, 11, 159; orthotype T. efasciatus Heckel. Name three times preoccupied as Trachyderma; replaced by Centridermichthys Rich. 215. KUTORGA (1837). Beitrag zur Geognosie und Paleontologic Dorpats und seiner nachsten Umgebungen. St. Petersbourg, IV, for. 1835. Zweiter Bei¬ trag, 1837. Stepan Semenovich Kutorga (1812-1861). Ichthyosauroides Kutorga, II, 35; orthotype Trionyx spinosus Kutorga (fossil). Name rejected as inappropriate, the genus being supposed to be reptilian; an inadequate reason for change of name to Heterostius Asmuss, 1856. 216. MtiLLER & HENLE (1837). Gattungen der Haihsche und Rochen nach Hirer Arbeit, “Ueber die Naturgeschichte der Knorpelhsche” . Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. Johannes Muller; Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle. Taeniura Muller & Henle, 117; logotype Trygon ornata Gray = Raja lymma Forskal. 217. MtJLLER & HENLE (1837). On the Generic Characters of Cartilaginous Fishes, with Descriptions of New Genera. Mag. Nat. Hist., II. Johannes Muller ; Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle. 190 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Hemitrygon Muller & Henle, 90; orthotype Trygon bennktti M. & H. Ginglymostoma Muller & Henle, 113; orthotype Squalus cirratus Gmelin. Scoliodon Muller & Henle, 114; orthotype Carcharias laticaudus M. & H. Gymnura Muller & Henle, 117; orthotype Raja asperrima Bl. & Schn. Name preoccupied; replaced by Urogymnus M. & H. Himantura Muller & Henle, 400; orthotype Raja uarnaic Forskal. Urogymnus Muller & Henle, 434; logotype Raja asperrima Bl. & Schn. Re¬ places Anacanthus Ehrenb. and Gymnura M. & H., both preoccupied. 218. REDFIELD (1837). Fossil Fishes of Connecticut and Massachusetts ivith a Notice of an Undetermined Genus. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. John Howard Redfield (1825-1895). Catopterus Redfield, IV, 39; orthotype C. gracilis Redfield (fossil). Preoccupied by Catopterus Ag. (1833) ; replaced by Redfieldius Hay (1899). 219. REINHARDT (1837). Bythites, novum genus piscium. Danske Vid. Selsk. Afh., VI. Johannes Christopher Hagemann Reinhardt. Bythites Reinhardt, VI, 77 ; orthotype B. fuscus Reinh. 220. SMITH (1837). On the Necessity for a Revision of the Groups Included in the Linncean Genus Squalus. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. \ Andrew Smith. Poroderma Smith, 85 ; logotype Squalus africanus Gmelin. Catulus Smith, 85 ; orthotype Scyllium capense Smith. Name preoccupied in insects, partly equivalent to Scylliorhinus Blainv., 1816. Hemiscyllium Smith, 86; logotype Squalus ocellatus Bonneterre. Carcharodon Smith, 86; orthotype Carcharodon capensis Smith — Squalus car¬ charias L. Leptocarias Smith; III. S. Afr. Zool.; orthotype Truenodon smithi Gray; quoted by Agassiz, Nom. Zool., 1846; hence prior to Leptocarcharias Gthr., 1870. Replaces Leptocarcharias. 221. THOMPSON (1837). Notes Relating to the Natural History of Ireland, with a Description of a New Genus of Fishes (Echiodon). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, V. William Thompson. Echiodon Thompson, 55; orthotype E. drummondi Thompson. A synonym of Carapus Raf. (Fierasfer Cuv.). 1838 222. AGASSIZ (1838). Recherches sur les Poissons fossiles. Ill, IV (parts). Louis Agassiz. Ptychopleurus Agassiz, III, 67 ; orthotype Ptychacanthus faugasi Ag. A fossil ally of Myliobatis. Oxyrhina Agassiz, III, 86; logotype O. mantelli Ag. (fossil). Name preoccu¬ pied, the genus not separable from the living genus Isurus Raf. (1810). Orodus Agassiz, III, 96; logotype O. cinctus Ag. (fossil.) Ctenoptychius Agassiz, III, 99; orthotype C. apicalis Ag. (fossil). Helodus Agassiz, III, 104; orthotype H. simplex Ag. (fossil). Chomatodus Agassiz, III, 107; logotype C. cinctus Ag. (fossil). An ally of Cochliodus, of undetermined value. BUCKLAND, 1838 191 Cochliodus Agassiz, III, 113; orthotype C. contortus Ag. (fossil). Strophodus Agassiz, III, 116; logotype S. reticulatus Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Asteracanthus. Ceratodus Agassiz, III, 129; orthotype C. latissimus Ag. (fossil). Considered by Gistel as preoccupied by the earlier Ceratodon ; Scropha Gistel (1848) has been proposed as a substitute. Ctenodus Agassiz, III, 137; orthotype C. cristatus Ag. (fossil). Considered as preoccupied by the earlier Ctenodon. Rhadamista Gistel (1848) has been proposed as a substitute. Acrodus Agassiz, III, 139; orthotype A. gaillardoti Ag. (fossil). Name first pub¬ lished by Geinitz, 1837 ; regarded as preoccupied by Acrodon Zimm. (1832), a genus of beetles; Adiapneustes Gistel (1848) being suggested as substi¬ tute. But ThectoDus Meyer & Plieninger (1844) is earlier than Adiap¬ neustes. Hoplopteryx Agassiz, IV, 4; logotype H. antiquus Ag. (fossil). Sphenocephalus Agassiz, IV, 4; orthotype S. fissicaudus Ag. (fossil). Acanus Agassiz, IV, 4; logotype A. ovalis Ag. (fossil). (Printed first without ex¬ planation in Neues Jahrb., 1834, 305). Acrogaster Agassiz, IV, 5; orthotype A. parvus Ag. (fossil). Podocys Agassiz, IV, 5, 135; orthotype P. minutus Ag. (fossil). Sparnodus Agassiz, IV, 10; orthotype Sparus macrophthalmus Volta (fossil). (Printed first without definition, Neues Jahrb., 1835, 300.) Callipteryx Agassiz, IV, 12; logotype C. speciosus Ag. (fossil). (Also printed as name only in Neues Jahrb., 1835, 293.) Semiophorus Agassiz, IV, 14; orthotype Ivurtus velifer Volta (fossil). Pygaeus Agassiz, IV, 16, 256; logotype P. coleanus Ag. (fossil). Macrostoma Agassiz, IV, 15, 260; orthotype M. altum Ag. (fossil). (Name twice preoccupied.) 223. BUCKLAND (1838). On the Discovery of Fossil Fishes in the Bagshot Sands at Goldworth Hill , Four Miles North of Guildford. Proc. Geol. Soc. London, II. William Buckland (1784-1856). Edaphodon Buckland, II, 687; logotype Chimera mantelli Buckland (fossil). According to Dr. L. Hussakof, the following genera based on Chimseroid teeth are all synonyms of Edaphodon, namely, Ischyodus, Eumylodus, Passalo- don, Psittacodon, Dipristis, Diphrissa and Bryactinus. Passalodon Buckland, II, 687; orthotype Chimera agassizi Buckland (fossil). A synonym of Edaphodon. Ameibodon Buckland. This name is quoted by Agassiz from the Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839. I do not find it there. 224. COCCO (1838). Su di alcuni salmonidi del mare di Messina; lettera al Ch. D. Carlo Luciano Bonaparte. Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat., II. Anastasio Cocco. Gymnocephalus Cocco, 26; orthotype G. messinensis Cocco. Name preoccupied; a synonym of Centrolophus Lac. Maurolicus Cocco, 32; orthotype M. amethystinopunctatus Cocco. Odontostomus Cocco, 32; orthotype O. hyalinus Cocco. Regarded as preoccu¬ pied by Odontostomus (1887), a genus of mollusks ; replaced by Ever- mannella Fowler. 192 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 225. GRAY (1838). (Aracana.) Ann. Hist., I. John Edw^ard Gray. Aracana Gray, I, 110; logotype A. ornata Gray. (Printed without description in 1833.) 226. HECKEL (1838). Fische aus Caschmir gesammelt und herausgegeben von Carl Freihcrrn von Hiigel, etc. Wien. Johann Jakob Heckel. Schizothorax Heckel, 11; logotype S. plagiostomus Heckel as fixed by Bleeker, 1863 ; limited by Gunther in 1868 to S. curvifrons, etc. Same as Oreinus McCl., which it replaces if valid 227. LOWE (1838). Piscium Maderensium species qucedam nova’ vel minus rite cognitce breviter descriptce , etc. Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc., VI. Richard Thomas Lowe. Polymixia Lowe, VI, 198; orthotype P. nobilis Lowe. 228. MULLER & HENLE (1838). Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Berlin (1838 to 1841). Johannes Muller; Frederick Gustav Jakob Henle. Chiloscyllium Muller & Henle, 17 ; logotype Scyllium plagiosum Bennett. Crossorhinus Muller & Henle, 21 ; orthotype Squalus barbatus Gmelin. A synonym of Orectolobus Bon. Stegostoma Muller & Henle 24; orthotype Squalus fasciatus Bloch. Aprion Muller & Henle, 32; orthotype Carcharias isodon M. & H. Name pre¬ occupied in fishes; replaced by Aprionodon Gill, 1861. Hypoprion Muller & Henle, 34; orthotype Carcharias macloti M. & H. Prionodon Muller & Henle, 36; logotype Squalus glaucus L. Preoccupied; re¬ placed by Prionace Cantor, 1849. Triakis Muller & Henle, II, 36; orthotype T. scyllium. Spelled Triacis by authors. Triaenodon Muller & Henle, 55 ; orthotype Carcharias obesus M. & H. Galeocerdo Muller & Henle, 59; orthotype G. tigrinus M. & H. Loxodon Muller & Henle, 61 ; orthotype L. macrorhinus M. & H. Thalassorhinus Muller & Henle, 62; orthotype T. vulpecula M. & H. Carcharodon (Smith) Muller & Henle, 70; orthotype C. rondeleti M. & H. = Squalus carcharias L. Alopecias Muller & Henle, 74; orthotype Squalus vulpes Gmelin = S. vulpinus Bonnaterre. A revised spelling of Alopias Raf. Triglochis Muller & Henle, II, 88; orthotype Squalus ferox Risso. A synonym of Odontaspis Ag. and of Carcharias Raf. Centrophorus Muller & Henle, 89; logotype C. granulatus M. & H. Perhaps a synonym of Dalatias Raf. Laemargus Muller & Henle, 93; orthotype Squalus borealis Scoresby. A syno¬ nym of Somniosus Le Sueur. Pristiophorus Muller & Henle, 98; orthotype Pristis cirratus Latham. Rhynchobatis Muller & Henle, 111; orthotype Rhinobatus l^evis Bl. & Schn. Syrrhina Muller & Henle, 113; logotype S. columns M. & H. as restricted by Jor¬ dan & Evermann, 1896, the earliest definite restriction I have found. Gar- man, 1912, indicates Syrrhina brevirostris M. & H. as type. This is a species referred to Zapteryx J. & G. As here understood, Syrrhina is a synonym of Rhinobatus. Trygonorhina Muller & Henle, 124; orthotype T. fasciaTa M. & H. MULLER & HENLE, 1838 193 Platyrhina Muller & Henle, 125; logotype Raja sinensis Lac. Name regarded as preoccupied by Platyrhinus; replaced by Analithis Gistel (1848) and later by Discobatus Garman (1881). Astrape Muller & Henle, 130; logotype Raja capensis Gmelin. A synonym of Narke Kaup, 1826. Uraptera Muller & Henle, 155; logotype U. agassizi M. & H. Sympterygia Muller & Henle, 155 ; orthotype S. bonapartii M. & H. Pteroplatea Muller & Henle, 168; orthotype Raja altavela L. Hypolophus Muller & Henle, 170; orthotype Raja sephen Forskal. A synonym of Pastinachus Riippell, if this name is accepted (not Pastinaca Nardo). Tasniura Muller Henle, 171; logotype Raja lymma Forskal. Urolophus Muller & Henle, 173 ; logotype Raja cruciata Lac. Trygonoptera Muller & Henle, 174; orthotype T. testacea M. & H. Aetoplatea Muller & Henle, 175; orthotype A. tentaculata M. & H. Ceratoptera Muller & Henle, 186; orthotype Cephaloptera vampyrus Mitchill. A synonym of Manta Bancroft Centroscyllium Muller & Henle, 191 ; orthotype Spinax fabricii Reinh. 229. MULLER & HENLE (1838). (Plagiostomen.) Charlesworth’s Magazine of Natural History, 1838. Johannes Muller; Friedrich Henle. Leptocharias Muller & Henle, II, 36; orthotype Truenodon smithi Gray. Same as Leptocarias Smith, 1837. 230. NORDMANN (1838). Bericht an die kaiserliche Akademie der Wissen- schaften, iiber eine neue Fischgattung ( H exacanthus ) aus der Familie der Gobioiden. Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., III. Alexander von Nordmann. Hexacanthus Nordmann; orthotype Gobius macrocephalus Pallas. Name re¬ garded as preoccupied by Hexacantha; replaced by Benthophilus Eichw. 231. REINHARDT (1838). Ichthyologiske bidrag til den Gronlandske fauna , etc. Danske Vid. Selsk. Afh. Kjobenhavn, VII. Johannes Christopher Hagemann Reinhardt. Himantolophus Reinhardt, 74; orthotype H. grcenlandicus Reinh. Citharus Reinhardt, 116; orthotype Pleuronectes platessoides Fabricius, not of Rose, 1793, nor of Bleeker, 1862. A synonym of Hippoglossoides Gottsche. Gymnelis Reinhardt, VII, 130; orthotype Ophidium viride Fabricius. Lycodes Reinhardt, VII, 153 ; logotype L. vahli Reinh. 232. SWAINSON (1838). The Natural History of Fishes, Amphibians and Rep¬ tiles, or Monocardian Animals. I. William Swainson (1789-1855). Pedalion (Guilding) Swainson, I, 199; II, 195, 329; orthotype (Tetrodon mola L.). A synonym of Mola Kolr. Ariosoma Swainson, I, 220; II, 195; (no type named); logotype, as restricted by Bleeker and by Swain, Ophisoma acuta Sw. = Mur^ena balearica De la Roche; replaced by Ophisoma Sw., on II, 334; a name preoccupied; replaces Congermur^na Kaup and Congrellus Ogilby. Several other generic names defined by Swainson in Vol. II (1839) are casually mentioned with a few words of comparison. Tius Breviceps (238, 343, 345), Cypsilurus (I, 299). But when no question of priority arises, these need not be mentioned further. 194 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Breviceps Swainson, I, 328; II, 189; orthotype B. filamentosus Sw. — Arius bahiensis Castelnau. Name preoccupied; replaced by Felichthys Sw. II, 305. A synonym of Bagre (Cuv.) Oken, as restricted to its tautotype. 1839 23 3. AGASSIZ (1839). Kiinstliche Steinkerne von Konchylien und Fische. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Louis Agassiz. Eugnathus Agassiz, 118; logotype E. minor Ag. (fossil) ; regarded as preoccupied by Eugnatha; replaced by Furo Gistel (1848). 234. AGASSIZ (1839). Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone. In Murchison’s Silurian System. Louis Agassiz. Holoptychus Agassiz, 68; orthotype H. nobilissimus Ag. (fossil). Usually written Holoptychius. Sclerodus Agassiz, 606; orthotype S. pustuliferus Ag. Thelodus Agassiz, 606; orthotype T. parvidens Ag. (fossil). Plectrodus Agassiz, 606, 704; logotype P. mirabilis Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Sclerodus Ag. Sphagodus Agassiz (not quoted by Woodward). Name of an Ichthydorulite or fossil fin-spine. 235. AGASSIZ (1839). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. II, IV (part). Louis Agassiz. Sphaerodus Agassiz, II, 215; logotype S. conicus Ag. (fossil). Not Sphzerodon Ruppell. Pristigenys Agassiz, IV, 136 orthotype P. macrophthalmus Ag. (fossil). (Printed as name only in Neues Jahrb., 1835, 299.) Ptychodus Agassiz, III, 150; orthotype P. mammilaris Ag. (fossil). Odonteus Agassiz, IV, 178; orthotype O. sparoides Ag. (fossil). Pterygocephalus Agassiz, IV, 190; orthotype P. paradoxus Ag. (fossil). (Also as name only, Neues Jahrb., 1835, 295.) 236. BONAPARTE (1839). Systema Ichthyologicum. Mem. Sci. Nat. Neuf chatel, II, 1839. Charles Lucien Bonaparte. Pristidurus Bonaparte, II, 11 ; orthotype Galeus melastomus Raf. Commonly written Pristiurus, but the form here given is apparently earlier. 237. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1839). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XIII, XIV. 4 Achille Valenciennes. Cossyphus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIII, 102; logotype Bodianus bodianus Bloch. Identical with Bodianus Bloch, as restricted, and Harpe Lac. The name Cossyphus is also preoccupied. Acantholabrus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIII, 242; logotype Lutjanus palloni Risso. Ctenolabrus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIII, 223; logotype Labrus rupestris L. Bagrus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIV, 388; logotype Silurus bajad Forskal, not Bagre (Cuv.) Oken, which is Felichthys Sw. Bagrus is regarded as LAY & BENNETT, 1839 195 preoccupied by Bagre, both being forms of “Les Bagres” Cuv. If so, it is replaced by Porous Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1818. 238. LAY & BENNETT (1839). Fishes. (In the Zoology of Captain Beechey’s Voyage.) G. T. Lay; Edward Turner Bennett. Peropus Lay & Bennett, 59; orthotype Blepsias bilobus Cuv. & Val. Name pre¬ occupied; replaced by Histiocottus Gill, 1888. 239. LOWE (1839). A Supplement to a Synopsis of the Fishes of Madeira. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, VII. Richard Thomas Lowe. Callanthias Lowe, 76; orthotype C. paradis^us = Bodianus peloritanus Cocco. Aphanopus Lowe, 79; orthotype A. carbo Lowe. Pompilus Lowe, 81 ; orthotype Coryph^ena pompilus L. = Pompilus rondeleti Lowe. A synonym of Centrolophus Lac. Alysia Lowe, 87 ; orthotype A. loricata Lowe — Scopelus coccoi Cocco. Name preoccupied ; replaced by Rhinsocopelus Liitken. Acanthidium Lowe, 91 ; logotype A. pusillum Lowe, as restricted by Jordan anc Evermann, 1896. Garman, 1913, chooses the second species named by Lowe, A. calceus, a species of Deania, as the type. As first restricted, Acanthi¬ dium is a synonym of Etmopterus Raf. 240. McCLELLAND ( 1839) . Indian Cyprinidce. Asiatic Researches, XIX. John McClelland (1805-1875). Oreinus McClelland, 273; logotype O. guttatus McCl. Regarded by Gistel as pre¬ occupied by Oreina, the name Englottogaster substituted for it. Probably a synonym of Schizothorax Heckel. Systomus McClelland, 284; logotype S. immaculatus McCl. Perilampus McClelland, 288; logotype Cyprinus devario Ham. A synonym of Barilius. Opsarius McClelland, 295 ; logotype O. maculatus McCl. Apparently a synonym of Barilius Ham. Psilorhynchus McClelland, 300; logotype Cyprinus sucatio Ham. A synonym of Homaloptera Van Hasselt. Aplocheilus McClelland, 301 ; logotype A. chrysostigmus McCl. = Esox panchax Ham. Name corrected to Haplochilus Giinther. Schistura McClelland, 306; logotype Cobitis rupecula McCl. A synonym of Bar- batula Linck. Gonorhynchus McClelland, 373; logotype G. brevis McCl. Not Gonorhynchus oi Gronow and Scopoli (1777). A synonym of Crossocheilus Van Hasselt. Hymenphysa McClelland, 443 ; logotype Cobitis dario Ham. Corrected to Hymenophysa by Gunther; a synonym of Botia Gray. 241. McCLELLAND (1839). Observations on Six New Species of Cyprinidce with an Outline of a New Classification of the Family. Journ. Asiatic Soc. Benal, VIII, 941-947. John McClelland. Platycara McClelland, VIII, 947 ; orthotype P. nasuta McCl. A synonym of Garra Ham., and Discognathus Heckel. 196 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 242. MITCHELL ( 1839) . Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia . Ed. II. James Mitchell. Tandanus Mitchell, I, 95; orthotype Plotosus tandanus Mitchell; replaces Copido- glanis Gthr., 1864. 243. MtJLLER (1839). V ergleichende Anatomie der Myxinoiden, der Cyclostonien mit durchbohrten Gaumen. IV. Ueber das Gefds System. Abh. Akad. ‘Wiss. Berlin, 1839. Johannes Muller. Heteropneustes Muller, 243; orthotype Silurus fossilis Bloch. Said to be the same as Silurus singio Plam., 243 (also in Wiegm. Arch., 1839, 115). Re¬ places Saccobranchus Cuv. & Val., 1848. Amphipnous Muller, 244; orthotype Unibranchapertura cuchia Ham. Physogaster Muller, 252; orthotype Tetraodon lunaris Bl. & Schn. Name pre¬ occupied ; replaced by Gastrophysus Muller. A synonym of Lagocephalus Swain. Arothron Muller, 252; orthotype A. testudinarius Muller = Tetraodon reticu¬ laris Bl. & Schn. A synonym of Ovoides Dum. Cheilichthys Muller, 252; orthotype Tetraodon testudineus L. A synonym of Spheroides Dum. Chelonodon Muller, 252; orthotype Tetrodon patoca Ham. 244. MUNSTER (1839). Ueber einige merkwiirdige Fische aus deni Kupfer- schicfer und deni Muschelkalk. Beitrage zur Petrefactenkunde. Georg Munster. Ascalabos Munster, I, 112; orthotype A. voithi Munster (fossil). A synonym of Leptolepis. 245. NARDO (1839). Considerazioni sulla famiglia dei pesci Mola, e sui caratteri che li distingiiono. Ann. Sci. Lombardo-Veneto, X. Giovanni Domenico Nardo. Pallasia Nardo, V, 10. 112; orthotype P. pallasi Nardo. A larval form of Mola Kolr. Ranzania Nardo, V, 10, 105; orthotype Tetraodon truncatus Retzius. 246. OWEN (1839). On a New Species of the Genus Lepidosiren of Fitzinger and Natter er, L. Annectens. Proc. Linn. Soc. London, 1839, I, 27-32. Richard Owen (1810-1890). Protopterus Owen, 27 ; orthotype Lepidosiren annectens Owen. 247. OWEN (1839). (Fossil Fishes.) Report British Association for 1838 (1839). Richard Owen. Dictyodus Owen, 142; orthotype D. destructor Owen (fossil) (1854). 248. RANZANI (1839). Dispositio families Molarum in genera et in species. Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bonon., III. Camillo Ranzani. Ozodura Ranzani, 81 ; orthotype O. orsini Ranzani = Mola mola (L). A synonym of Mola Kolr. Tympanomium RaTzani, 81 ; orthotype T. planci Ranzani. A synonym of Mola. Trematopsis Ranzani, 81 ; orthotype T. willughbeii Ranzani. A synonym of Mola. RICHARDSON, 1839 197 249. RICHARDSON (1839). Description of Fishes Collected at Port Arthur in Van Diemen’s Land. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, VII. John Richardson. Latris Richardson, 98; orthotype L. hecateia Rich. Nemadactylus Richardson, 98; orthotype N. concinnus Rich. Spelled Nemato- dactylus by Gill. 250. STORER (1839). A Report on the Fishes of Massachusetts. Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., II. David Humphreys Storer (1804-1891). Cryptacanthodes Storer, 28 ; orthotype C. maculatus Storer. 251. SWAINSON (1839). The Natural History of Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles or Monocardian Animals. II. William Swainson. In a review of Swainson’s Genera of Fishes, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1882, page 272, Dr. Joseph Swain has made identifications of all of the series Swainson’s genera, indicating a logotype for each. This designation of type must stand in every case, except when a prior indication has been made, as was done in a few cases by Bonaparte and by Bleeker. Swainson’s work is perhaps the last and certainty the most unwelcome of an unfortunate series to which belong Scopoli’s Introductio, Fischer’s Zoognosia, Rafinesque’s Analyse de la Nature, works which treat of the whole scope of Ichthyology, adding new genera here and there, but without special investigation of the animals concerned, leaving their generic names imperfectly defined as a bur¬ den to the real students who must give to these names their final meaning. Of the 153 new names introduced by Swainson, about 30 must be retained on the score of priority of date, but there is not a dozen of the whole number based on any clear understanding of the relations of the species indicated. In Chapter I of Vol. 2, on pages 167 to 197, Swainson gives an analytical key to the genera he recognizes. In this part no species are mentioned and in several cases the. genera bear other names when they appear later in the reg¬ ular text in Chapter II of Vol. 2 (197-339). Erosa Swainson, II, 61 ; tautotype Synanceia erosa Langsdorff ; type not indicated but understood from context, and from the generic name chosen. The genus is valid and was revived by Jordan & Starks (1904). Trichosomus Swainson, II, 61, 265; logotype Apistus trachinoides Cuv. & Val. Accidentally spelled also Trichophasia on page 61. Regarded as preoccupied by Trichosoma, a genus of worms, and by Trichosomus, a genus of bettles ; replaced by Vespicula Jordan & Rich. Prosopodasys Cantor, originally a substitute name for Apistus, is transferred by Gunther to A. trachinoides, an arrangement apparently not allowable, as Cuvier does not mention that species among “les Apistes”. Trichophasia, an error, not a new name, seems also ineligible. Trichophasia Swainson, II, 61 ; (used evidently by error of proof-reader for Tri¬ chosomus) which form appears before and after on page 61 and formally on page 279. Clinitrachus Swainson, II, 75; II, 276; orthotype (on p. 75) Blennius variabilis Raf., a species not mentioned pn page 276, hence Bf superciliosus L., a species of Clinus, was indicated as type by Swain. A synonym of Cristi- ceps Cuv. & Val. (1836). 198 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Blennitrachus Swainson, II, 78; II, 274; orthotype Pholis quadrifasciatus Wood. A synonym of Ch as modes Cuv. Cichlaurus Swainson, II, 173; haplotype (230) Labrus punctatus Bloch. Later called Cichlasoma, which name it should replace. Dendrochirus Swainson, II, 180; logotype Pterois zebra Cuv. & Val. Pteropterus Swainson, II, 180; logotype (p. 264) Pterois radiatus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Pterois Cuv. Psilosomus Swainson, II, 183; logotype T^nioides herrmannianus Lac. A syn¬ onym of Tasnioides Lac. Gobileptes Swainson, II, 183; no type named; orthotype intended (as is evident from Swainson’s description) Gobius acutipinnis Cuv. & Val. “like Gobius, but the caudal lanceolate and the scales large”. Bleeker (1876) has, how¬ ever, fixed the type, none having been named before, on Gobius bato Ham. This raises a question in nomenclature already noted under Apocryptes (1837). Salmostoma Swainson, II, 184; logotype Cyprinus bacaila Ham. on page 284, where the genus is called Salmophasia. Replaces Securicula Gthr., 1868. Scrophicephalus Swainson, II, 187 ; no type named, Mormyrus caschive Hassel- quist intended (“dorsal fin single, very long; snout produced”). A synonym of Mormyrus L., as restricted by Gill (1862). Ariosoma Swainson, II, 194; logotype as restricted by Bleeker, 1864, Ophisoma acuta Sw. = Murzena balearica De la Roche. Replaces Congermuiuena Kaup (1856) and Congrellus Ogilby 1898. Leiodon • Swainson, II, 194; logotype Leiosomus marmoratus Sw. = Tetraodon cutcutia Ham., as defined by Bleeker (1865). Swain restricts the name Leiosomus as later substituted by Swainson for Leiodon, to Leiosomus l^evissimus Sw., which is Tetraodon spengleri Bloch, a species of Spheroides. Leiodon Sw. has precedence over Leiodon Owen, 1841, and replaces Monotreta Bibron. Canthigaster Swainson, II, 194; logotype Tetraodon rostratus Bloch. Called Psilonotus later in the text; replaces Anosmius Peters. Cromileptes Swainson, II, 201 ; logotype Serranus altivelis Cuv. & Val. Restricted by Bleeker (1875) to S. altivelis, thus replacing Serranichthys Blkr. Later restricted by Swain to Epinephelus gigas. Cynichthys Swainson, II, 201 ; haplotype Perca flavopurpurea Bennett = Holo- centrus flavooeruleus Lac. A synonym of Epinephelus (not Plectorhyn- chus as stated by Swain). Variola Swainson, II, 202; haplotype V. longipinna Sw. = Perca louti Forskal. ' Uriphaeton Swainson, II, 202; orthotype Serranus phaeton Cuv. & Val. = U. microleptes Sw. This genus is based on a made-up fish, a Cephalopholis, with the tail of a Fistularia attached. A synonym of Cephalopholis Bl. & Schn. Elastoma Swainson, II, 202; type Etelis oculatus (Cuv. & Val.). A synonym of Etelis Cuv. Rabdophorus Swainson, II, 211; haplotype Ch^todon ephippium Bloch. A sub¬ division of Ch^todon. Genicanthus Swainson, II, 212; logotype Holacanthus lamarcki (Cuv.) A synonym of Holacanthus Lac. * Microcanthus Swainson, II, 215; haplotype Ch.etodon strigatus Cuv., a wilful misprint for Micracanthus. SWAIN SON, 1839 199 Chrysiptera Swainson, II, 216; logotype Glyphidodon azureus Q. & G. A sub¬ genus under Abudefduf. Microgaster Swainson, II, 216; haplotype Etroplus coruchi Cuv. & Val. = Ch.e- todon maculatus Bloch. Equivalent to Paretroplus Blkr. A synonym of Etroplus Cuv. & Val. as restricted. Chaetolabrus Swainson, II, 216; logotype Ch^etodon suratensis Bloch. A synonym of Etroplus Cuv. Chrysoblephus Swainson, II, 221 ; haplotype Sparus gibbiceps Cuv. A section under Sparus L. Argyrops Swainson, II, 221 ; haplotype Sparus spinifer Forskal. A section under Sparus L. Calamus Swainson, II, 221 ; haplotype Pagellus calamus Cuv. & Val. = Calamus MEGACEPHALUS Sw. Lithognathus Swainson, II, 222; haplotype Sparus capensis Cuv. Nemipterus Swainson, II, 223; haplotype Dentex filamentosus Cuv. Replaces Synagris Gthr., 1859. Thalassoma Swainson, II, 224; haplotype Labrus purpureus Riippell. Stands in place of Julis Gthr., not of Cuvier. Urichthys Swainson, II, 224; logotype Labrus lunulatus Riippell. A synonym of Cheilinus Lac. Crassilabrus Swainson, II, 225; haplotype Cheilinus undulatus Riippell. A sec¬ tion under Cheilinus Lac. Leptoscarus Swainson, II, 226; haplotype Scarus vaigiensis Q. & G. == Scarus spinidens Cuv. = Calliodon vaigiensis Cuv. & Val. Replaces Calotomus Gilbert, and Calliodon Cuv. ; not Callyodon of Gronow nor Calliodon of Bl. & Schn. Hemistoma Swainson, II, 226; haplotype Scarus pepo Bennett = Hemistoma reticulata Sw. A synonym of Callyodon Gronow or Scarus Forskal. Erychthys Swainson, II, 226; logotype Labrus croicensis Bloch. A synonym of Callyodon Gronow or Scarus Forskal. Petronason Swainson, II, 226; logotype Coryph^ena psittacus L. as restricted by Bleeker and by Swain. A synonym of Callydodon or Scarus. Pachynathus Swainson, II, 226 (misprint for Pachygnathus) ; haplotype P. tri¬ angularis Sw., based on Rahtee yellaicah Russell = Balistes capistratus Shaw. Name preoccupied as Pachygnathus ; replaced by Sufflamen Jordan, 1917. 'The International Commission of Nomenclature has decided that Pachynathus is to be regarded as a misprint, hence identical with Pachygnathus. Chlorurus Swainson, II, 227 ; haplotype Scarus gibbus Riippell. A synonym of Callyodon or Scarus. Amphiscarus Swainson, II, 227 ; Scarus fuscus Griffith. A synonym of Siganus Forskal. Sparisoma Swainson, II, 227 ; haplotype Scarus abildgaardi Bloch. Equivalent to Scarus Gthr., which it replaces ; not Scarus of Forskal, which should stand as Callyodon Gronow, if Gronow’s names are allowed. Hemiulis Swainson, II, 228; logotype Labrus guttatus Bloch, as restricted by Bonaparte ( Fauna Italica, 1841). Swain (1882) chose Cheilio auratus Q. & G. as type regarding Hemiulis as a synonym of Cheilio. If Hali- chceres Riippell is regarded as preoccupied by Halichcerus, Hemiulis must replace it instead of Chcerojulis Gill. 200 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Cynaedus Swainson, II, 229; logotype Labrus rupestris Bloch, as restricted by Bonaparte, Labrus tinca, as restricted by Swain. Swainson offers this name as a substitute for Crenilabrus Cuv., of which he wrongly assigns Luti- anus verres, a Bodianus, as type. Cyna£dus Sw. (not of Gronow or Scopoli) is a synonym of Ctenolabrus Cuv. & Val. Astronotus Swainson, II, 229 ; haplotype Lobotes ocellatus Spix. Replaces Acara Heckel and Hygrogonus Gthr., 1862. Thalliurus Swainson, II, 230; haplotype Labrus blochi = Labrus fuligi nosus Lac. Replaces Hemigymnus Gthr., 1864. Labristoma Swainson, II, 230; logotype Pseudochromis olivaceus Riippell. A needless substitute for Pseudochromis Riippell, 1835. Cichlasoma Swainson, II, 230; haplotype Labrus punctatus Bloch. Called Cich- laurus on page 173; equivalent to Heros Heckel (1840) as restricted; appar¬ ently Cichlaurus should stand. Ichthycailus Swainson, II, 232; logotype Labrus julis L., as restricted by Bona¬ parte (1839). Swain has chosen (1882) Labrus semipunctatus as type, a species of Coris Lac. Jordan later took the first species named, dimidiatus, as type, a species of Iridio. Ichthycallus is a synonym of Julis Cuv. & Val. “Chlorichthys and Ichthycallus, confused jumble of species, may well be disposed of as synonyms of Thalassoma and Coris, respectively, although several other genera are represented in each.” (Swain.) Eupemis Swainson, II, 232; haplotype Labrus fusiformis Riippell. A synonym of Cheilio Lac. Chlorichthys Swainson, II, 232; logotype Labrus bifasciatus Bloch, as restricted by Swain. Bonaparte selects as type Labrus pavo Hasselquist, a species not mentioned by Swainson. A synonym of Thalassoma Sw. Zanclurus Swainson, II, 239; type Histiophorus indicus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Istiophorus Lac. Zyphothyca Swainson, II, 239; type Gempylus coluber Cuv. & Val.; for Xipho- tfieca Montague. A synonym of Gempylus Cuv. Leiurus Swainson, II, 242; logotype Gasterosteus aculeatus L. A synonym of Gasterosteus L. Polycanthus Swainson, II, 242; type Gasterosteus spinachia L. A synonym of Spinachia Fleming, 1825. Polycanthus is also preoccupied. Chirostoma Swainson, II, 242; haplotype Atherina humboldtiana Cuv. & Val. Meladerma Swainson, II, 243 ; haplotype M. nigerrima Sw. = Elacate pondi- cerriana Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Rachycentron Kaup (1826), and of Elacate Cuv. (1831). Platylepes Swainson, II, 247 ; haplotype Scomber lactarius Bl. & Schn. A syn¬ onym of Lactarius Cuv. & Val. Argyrlepes Swainson, II, 247 ; haplotype Argyrlepes indica Sw., based on Mitta parah of Russell, pi. 156, a species of Leiognathus. A synonym of Leiognathus Lac. Alepes Swainson, II, 248; haplotype Alepes melanoptera Sw., based on Wori parah Russell, pi. 155, apparently the same as Caranx nigripinnis Day, a species of Hemicaranx ; apparently replaces Hemicaranx Blkr. Zonichthys Swainson, II, 248; type Scomber fasciatus Bloch. A section or sub¬ genus under Seriola. Hamiltonia Swainson, II, 250; logotype H. ovata Sw. = Chanda nama Ham. (fig. 37) as fixed by Swain (1882). Hamiltonia is given as a substitute for SWAINSON, 1839 201 Chanda Ham., and the fixation of type for the substitute decides that of the original name. Chanda nama is the orthotype of Bogoda Blkr., a genus well defined, Ambassis bogoda being the type species. Swainson’s second species, Chanda lala Ham., which he spells lata, belongs to Bleeker’s genus Pseudambassis. This was chosen as type of Chanda by Fowler, and still later C. ruconius by Jordan, but Swain’s choice of type must hold. Hamiltonia and Bogoda are therefore both synonyms of Chanda Ham. Platysomus Swainson, II, 250; logotype Vomer browni Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Vomer; name preoccupied. Ctenodon Swainson, II, 255 ; logotype Ctenodon ruppelli Sw. = Ch.e:todon sohal Forskal, not Ctenodon Bon. nor of Ehrenberg. A synonym of Hepatus Gronow, Teuthis L. and Acanthurus Forskal. Callicanthus Swainson, II, 256; haplotype Aspisurus elegans Riippell — Harpurus liTuratus Forster. A section or genus near Naso. Zebrasoma Swainson, II, 256; haplotype Acanthurus velifer Bloch. Xiphichthys Swainson, II, 259; haplotype Gymnetrus russelli Shaw. A synonym of Regalecus Brunnich. (Also, II, 46.) Xiphasia Swainson, II, 259; type “Ziphasia setifer” Sw. Replaces Nemophis Kaup (1858) and Xiphogadus Gthr. (1862). Nemotherus (Rafinesque) Swainson (II, 260) ; orthotype N. erythropterus Raf. Quoted from Rafinesque’s Specchio delle Scienze, I, 101, 1815. This is evi¬ dently a slip for Nemochirus Raf. Nemotherus (Risso) Costa is a syno¬ nym of Trachypterus. Nemochirus seems to be an ally of Stylepfiorus, as yet unrecognized. Omichthys Swainson, II, 262; logotype Trigla punctata Bloch. A synonym of Prionotus Lac. Pteroleptus Swainson, II, 264; haplotype Pteroleptus longicauda Sw., (Kodipungi Russell). A synonym of Pterois Cuv. Macrochyrus Swainson, II, 264; haplotype Scorp^ena miles Bennett. A synonym of Pterois Cuv. Brachyrus Swainson, II, 264; logotype Pterois zebra Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Dendrochirus Sw., not Brachyochirus Nardo. Name spelled Brachirus when first used, page 71. Pteropterus Swainson, II, 264; haplotype Pterois radiatus Cuv. & Val. Platypterus Swainson, II, 265 ; logotype T^enionotus latovittatus Lac. Name preoccupied; replaced by Tetraroge Gthr., 1860. Pterichthys Swainson, II, 265 ; logotype Scorpzena carinata Bl. & Schn. A syn¬ onym of Apistus Cuv., to be used if that name is regarded as preoccupied by Apistes, etc.; not Pterichtpius Commerson (1803), nor Pterichthys Ag. Gymnapistes Swainson, II, 265; logotype Apistus marmoratus Cuv. & Val. Re¬ places Pentaroge Gthr. Synanchia (“Cuvier”) Swainson, 268; a variant of Synanceja: (S. erosa). Bufichthys Swainson, II, 268; logotype Scorp^na horrida L. which is also type of Synancidium Muller, 1844. Where Bufichthys is first mentioned on page 180 it has the definition still earlier assigned to Erosa and here given to “Synanchia”. Gill therefore regards it as a synonym of Erosa Sw., rather than as equivalent of Synancidium Muller. Trachicephalus Swainson, II, 268; haplotype Synanceia elongata Cuv. & Val. Preoccupied by Trachycephalus, 1838, a genus of reptiles. Replaced by Polycaulus Gthr. f 202 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Ichthyscopus Swainson, II, 269; logotype Uranoscopus inermis Cuv. & Val. Re¬ places Anema Gthr. Enophrys Swainson, II, 271 ; haplotype Cottus claviger Cuv. & Val. Gymnocanthus Swainson, II, 271 ; haplotype Cottus ventralis Cuv. & Val. Re¬ places Phobetor Kroyer, 1844, and Elaphocottus Sauvage. This name should read Gymnacanthus. There seems to be no classical warrant for Swainson’s persistent use of “Canthus” (xtwpog, a donkey) to mean spine (cbcavfra). Canthirhynchus Swainson, II, 272; haplotype Cottus monopterygius Bloch. A synonym of A spidoph oroides Lac. (1802). Hippocephalus Swainson, II, 272; logotype Agonus superciliosus Pallas, as restricted by Gill, 1861. A synonym of Percis Scopoli (1777), not Percis of Klein, nor of Cuvier. Chirolophis Swainson, II, 275 ; haplotype Blennius yarrelli Cuv. & Val. = Blen- nius ascanii Walbaum. Replaces Blenniops Nilsson (1855) and Carelophus lophus Kroyer. Erpichthys Swainson, II, 275; logotype Salarias quadripinnis Riippell. A syno¬ nym of Salarias Cuv. Rupiscartes Swainson, II, 275; haplotype Salarias alticus Cuv. & Val. = Blen¬ nius tridactylus Bl. & Schn. Equivalent to Alticus Commerson, but the latter may not be eligible Cirripectes Swainson, II, 275; haplotype Salarias variolosus Cuv. & Val. A syn¬ onym of Alticus or Rupiscartes. Blennophis Swainson, II, 276; logotype Clinus anguillaris Cuv. & Val., not Blennophis Val. (1844), which is Ophioblennius Gill. Labrisomus Swainson, II, 277; logotype Clinus pectinifer Cuv. & Val. Often written Labrosomus; replaces Lepisoma Dekay, 1842. Ophisomus Swainson, II, 277; haplotype Blennius gunnellus L. Substitute for Gunnellus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Pholis Scopoli (1777) and Muile- noides Lac. (1803). Ognichodes Swainson, II, 278; type Gobioides broussonneti Lac., a needless substitute for Gobioides Lac. Same as Amblyopus Cuv. & Val. Scartelaos Swainson, II, 279; logotype Gobius viridis Ham. Replaces Boleops Gill, 1863. Ruppellia (misprinted Rupellia) Swainson, II, 281 ; orthotype Gobius echino- cephalus Riippell. Preoccupied, replaced by Paragobiodon Blkr. (1879). Amphichthys Swainson, II, 282 ; haplotype Batrachus rubigenes Sw., from Pernambuco. This fish is said to have but one dorsal fin and no teeth on the palate. It is undoubtedly based on Batrachus cryptocentrus Cuv. & Val. It therefore replaces Marcgravia Jordan (1886) as also the substitute name, Marcgravichthys Ribeiro. Salmophasia Swainson, II, 284; logotype Cyprinus bacalla Ham. (S. oblonga Sw.). Called Salmostoma on page 184. A synonym of Salmostoma, which replaces Securicula Gthr. 1868). Chedrus Swainson, II, 285 ; haplotype Chedrus grayi Sw. = Cyprinus chedra Ham. A synonym of Barilius Ham. Esomus Swainson, II, 285; haplotype Esomus vittatus Sw. = Cyprinus daurica Ham. Replaces Nuria Cuv. & Val. (1842). Clupisudis Swainson, II, 286; haplotype Sudis nilotica Ehrenb. Replaces Hete- rotis Ehrenb. (1843). SWAIN SON, 1839 203 Laurida Swainson, II, 287 ; logotype Salmo fcetens L. A synonym of Synodus Bl. & Schn. Triurus Swainson, II, 288; haplotype Triurus microcephalus Sw. = Osmerus nehereus Ham. A synonym of Harpodon Le Sueur. Preoccupied by Triurus Lac. (1800). Mormyrhynchus Swainson, II, 291 ; haplotype M. gronovii Sw. = Anostomus Gronow. Same as Anostomus (Gronow), Scopoli (1777) = Schizodon Ag., 1829). Trichosoma Swainson, II, 292; haplotype Trichosoma hamiltoni Sw.; preoccupied by Trichosomus Sw., 265; and by Trichosoma Rudolphi (1819), a genus of worms. Equivalent to Thrissa Cuv. (1817), not of Rafinesque (1815) ; replaced by Thrissocles Jordan (1917). Setipinna Swainson, II, 292; logotype Clupea phasa Ham. (Setipinna megalura Sw.). Replaces Telara Gthr. (1868). Platygaster Swainson TT 294; logotype Clupea africana Bloch. Preoccupied in im of Ilisha Gray, 1846. 296 (misprinted Cypsilurus) ; logotype Exoccetus = Exoccetus furcatus Mitchill. Based on a young at the chin. In view of Swainson’ s general carelessness :y of his proof-reading, the form Cypsilurus has been sprint by the International Communion of Nomenclature, s Miilier, 1843. I Swainson, 296 orthotype R. vulgaris Sw., same as ; logotype Chauliodus sloani Bl. & Schn. A synonym Schn., (1801). thotype Gadus gracilis Tilesius ; synonym of Eleginus laplotype Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius. A synonym haplotype Gadus lepidion Risso = Lepidion rubescens zupied by Lepidea (1817), a genus of worms; replaced ir. (1862). , II 302; haplotype Pleuronectes maximus L. Suf- Psettus Cuv. 2 ; haplotype Pleuronectes ocellatus Spix & Ag. hys Blkr. (1856). 3; logotype Pleuronectes orientalis Bl. & Schn. [rus and Brachyrus Sw. ; replaced by Euryglossa bees, V Cypselurus NUTTAl exampl and of officially Same as Ramphistoma Belone ( Leptodes Swas of Chau Tilesia Swain^ Fischer. Cephus Swaini of Gadus Lepidion Swaii Sw., rega by Halof Psetta (Aristot ficiently d Platophrys Sw Replaces 1 Brachirus Swai Preoccupie Kaup (185 Plagusia (Brow**w owainson, 302; orthotype P. bilineata Bloch; name pre¬ occupied, same as Paraplagusia Blkr. Sturisoma Swainson, II, 304; haplotype Loricaria rostrata Spix. Hoplisoma Swainson, II, 304; haplotype Cataphractus punctatus Bloch = Cory- doras geoffroyi Lac. A synonym of Corydoras Lac., 1803. Silonia Swainson, II, 305; logotype Pimelodus silondia Ham. = Silonia lurida Sw. Replaces Silundia Cuv. & Val. (1830). Felichthys Swainson, II, 305; logotype, as restricted by Swainson and Bleeker, F. filamentosus Sw. = Arius bahiensis Castelnau. Name a substitute for Breviceps Sw., preoccupied; a synonym of Bagre (Cuv.) Oken (1817), as restricted through tautonymy. 204 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Cyclopium Swainson, II, 305; haplotype Pimelodus cyclopum Humboldt = Cy- clopium humboldti Sw. Replaces Stygogenes Gthr. (1864). Clupisoma Swainson, II, 306; haplotype Silurus garua Ham., Clupisoma ar- gentata Sw. Replaces Schilbeichthys Blkr., 1858. Pachypterus Swainson, II, 306; logotype Silurus atherinoides Bloch. Preoccu¬ pied in Coleoptera (1833) ; replaced by Pseudeutropius Blkr. (1863). Pusichthys Swainson, II, 307 ; haplotype Schilbe uranoscopus Riippell. A syno¬ nym of Schilbe Cuv. (1817). Cotylephorus Swainson, II, 308; haplotype Platystacus cotylephorus Bloch — C. blochi Sw. A synonym of Platystacus Bloch, and of Aspredo (Gronow) (Scopoli). Pteronotus Swainson, II, 309; haplotype Heterobranchus sextentaculatus Ag. Preoccupied in mollusks ; gives way to Rhamdia Blkr. (1858). Diacantha Swainson, II, 310; logotype Diacantha zebra Sw. = Cobitis geto Ham. (pi. 11). A synonym of Botia Gray, 1831. Canthophrys Swainson, II, 310; logotype Canthophrys albescens Sw., based on Cobitis No. 3, Hamilton. Said by Swain to be a species of Botia Gray (1831). Acoura Swainson, II, 310; logotype Cobitis savona Ham. (Acoura obscura Sw.). A synonym of Nemacheilus Van Hasselt; spelled Acourus on an earlier page. Somileptes Swainson II, 311; logotype S. bispinosa Sw. = Cobitis gongota Ham. A synonym of Cobitis L., 1758. Platysqualus Swainson, II, 311; logotype Squalus tiburo Sw. (not of L.), based on a figure by Russell, representing Sphyrna tudes Cuv. A syno¬ nym of Sphyrna Raf. Pterocephala Swainson, II, 321 ; haplotype Raja giorna Lac. A synonym of Mobula Raf. Tetrosomus Swainson, II, 323 ; haplotype Ostracion turritus Forskal. A section of Ostracion L. Rhinesomus Swainson, II, 324; logotype Ostracion triqueter Bloch. A synonym of Lactophrys Sw. Lactophrys Swainson, II, 324; logotype Ostracion trigonum L. Platycanthus Swainson, II, 324; haplotype Ostracion auritus Shaw. A synonym of Aracana Gray. Rhinecanthus Swainson, II, 325 ; logotype Balistes ornatissimus Lesson = Bal- isTes aculeatus L. A synonym of Balistapus Tilesius. Zenodon (Riippell) Swainson, II, 194, 325; orthotype Balistes Niger Lac. This name Zenodon, being ascribed to Riippell, is probably a careless misprint of Xenodon Riippell. Preoccupied in reptiles by Xenodon Boie, 1827. The name is spelled Zenodon on page 194 also. Zenodon is, however, accepted by Fowler (1904). If adopted, it replaces Odonus Gistel (1848), Erythrodon Riippell (1852) and Pyrodon Kaup (1855) — all substitutes offered for Xenodon. Chalisoma Swainson, II, 325; logotype Balistes pulcherrimus Lesson = Balistes vetula L. A synonym of Balistes L. Canthidermis Swainson, II, 325 ; logotype Balistes angulosus Q. & G. Melichthys Swainson, II, 325; logotype Balistes ringens Osbeck (not of L.). Name changed to Melanichthys by Gthr. (1870). Capriscus (Willughby) Swainson, II, 326; logotype Balistes erythropteron Lesson ; a synonym of Balistapus Tilesius. SWAINSON, 1839 205 Leiurus Swainson, II, 326; logotype Leiurus macrophthalmus Sw., based on Lama yellakah Russell, pi. 22 — Balistes stellaris Bl. & Schn. Name preoccupied by Leiurus Sw. (p. 242) ; replaced by Abal-istes Jordan & Seale (1911). Chaetodermis Swainson, II, 327 ; logotype Monocanthus spinosissmus Q. & G. Psilocephalus Swainson, II, 327 ; haplotype Balistes barbatus Gray. Substitute for Anacanthus Gray (1831), which is preoccupied by Ehrenberg, 1829. Cantherines Swainson, II, 327 ; haplotype Monacanthus nasutus Q. & G. Replaces Liomonacanthus Blkr. (1866). Cirrhisomus Swainson, II, 328; haplotype Tetraodon spengleri Bloch. Same as Cheilichthys Muller, a synonym of Spheroides Dum. Leisomus Swainson, II, 328; logotype L. marmoratus Sw. = Tetraodon cutcutia Ham., as restricted by Blekeer, 1865. The genus is called Leiodon on page 194, without mention of type. Leisomus is preoccupied. Leiodon replaces Monotreta Bibron. Swain restricts Leisomus and therefore Leiodon, to the first species' named, L. l^evissimus Sw., a species of Spheroides (Tetraodon spengleri Bloch). Lagocephalus Swainson, II, 328 ; logotype Tetraodon stellatus Donovan. Re¬ places Gastrophysus Muller. Trichoderma Swainson, II, 328; logotype Balistes scapus Lac. A synonym of. Amanses Gray (1833). Psilonotus Swainson, II, 328; logotype Tetraodon rostratus Bloch. Called Can- thigaster on page 194, and therefore a synonym of the latter. Molacanthus Swainson, II, 329 ; logotype Molacanthus pallasi Sw. = Diodon mola Pallas. Young of Mola Kolr. = Mola Cuv. Astrocanthus Swainson, II, 331 ; haplotype Lophius stellatus Vahl. A synonym of Halieutjea Cuv. & Val., 1837. Phyllopteryx Swainson, II, 332; haplotype Syngnathus foliatus Shaw. Acus ( Willughby) Swainson, II, 333; logotype Syngnathus ^equoreus “Yarrell”. A synonym of Nerophis Raf. Solegnathus Swainson, II, 333; haplotype Syngnathus hardwicki Gray. Spelled Solenognathus by Gunther. Ophisoma Swainson, II, 334; logotype O. acuta Sw., as restricted by Bleeker (1864). Swain, in 1882, chose O. obtusa Sw. as type. The latter species is a Conger, the former belongs to Congermur^ena Kaup, as restricted. The name is preoccupied by Ophisomus Sw., page 277. It is called Ariosoma on page 194. Ariosoma thus replaces Congermur^ena Kaup, and also Con- grellus Ogilby, all based on the same type, earlier described as Mur^ena balearica De la Roche. Pterurus Swainson, II, 334, logotype Pterurus maculatus Sw. — MuryENA raitoborua Ham. A synonym of Raitaboura Gray (1831) or Moringua Gray (1831). Leptognathus Swainson, I, 221, and II, 334; haplotype Leptognathus oxyrhyn- chus Sw. = Muilena serpens L. A synonym of Ophisurus Lac., as restricted by Risso. Pachyurus Swainson, II, 335 ; haplotype Moringua linearis Gray ; preoccupied by Pachyubus Ag. (1829). A synonym of Pseudomoringua Blkr. (1864). Ophichthys Swainson, II, 336; haplotype Unibranchapertura cuchia Ham. Name preoccupied by Ophichthus Ahl. (1789). A synonym of Amphip- nous Muller (1839). 206 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Rupisuga Swainson, II, 33 9; haplotype R. nicensis Sw. = Lepodogaster balbis Risso. A synonym of Gouania Nardo (1833). 1840 252. BENNETT (1840). Narrative of a Whaling Voyage Around the Globe. F. D. Bennett. Elagatis F. D. Bennett, II, 283; orthotype Seriola bipinnulata Q .& G. 253. BONAPARTE (1840). Iconograha della fauna italica. Fascicles 68 to 138, part 27. According to Troschel, fascicle 91 dates from 1837, 92 to 96 from 1838, 103 from 1839, and fascicle 138 dates from 1840. Carlo Luciano Bonaparte. Stomocatus Bonaparte, 129*; logotype (not named) Cyprinus catostomus Forster. A synonym of Catostomus Le Sueur; species with the dorsal fin short, “especie . . . che han breve la pinna dorsale”. Ichthyocoris Bonaparte, fasc. 134; orthotype Blennius varus Risso. A synonym of Blennius L. Ichthyococcus Bonaparte, fasc. 138; orthotype I. ovatus Bon. Name later altered by Gunther to Coccia on account of its crude form (1840). Lampanyctus Bonaparte, fasc. 138; orthotype L. bonapartei Bon. Chlorophthalmus Bonaparte, fasc. 138; orthotype C. agassizi Bon. 254. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1840) Histoire naturelle des poissons. XV. Achille Valenciennes. Galeichthys Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 28 ; logotype Galeichthys feliceps Cuv. & Val., as restricted by Bleeker. Pangasius Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 45 ; tautotype Pimelodus pangasius Ham. Silundia Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 49; tautotype Pimelodus silondia Ham. A synonym of Silonia Sw . Arius Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 53; tautotype Pimelodus arius Ham. As so understood, a synonym of Tachysurus Lac., if the latter is correctly identi¬ fied. Bleeker takes the first species named, Arius stricticassis Cuv. & Val., as type, thus replacing Notarius Gill. Trachelyopterus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 220; orthotype T. coriaceus Cuv. & Val. Arges Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 333 ; logotype Arges sabalo Cuv. & Val. Brontes Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 341 ; haplotype Brontes prenadilla Cuv. & Val. Name two or three times preoccupied; replaced by Strephon Gistel (1848). Saccobranchus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 399 haplotype Silurus singio Ham. = Heteropneustes Muller, 1839. Chaca Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 444; haplotype Platystacus chaca Ham. 255. EICHWALD (1840). (Fossil Fishes.) Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg. Carl Eduard von Eichwald. Astrolepis Eichwald, VIII, 79; orthotype A. ornatus Eichw. (fossil). Later spelled Asterolepis by Eichwald and by most writers. Bothriolepis Eichwald, VII, 79; orthotype B. prisca Eichw. (fossil). H ECKEL, 1840 207 256. HECKEL (1840). Johann Natterer’s neue Flusshsche Brasilians nach den Beobachtungen mid Mittheilungen des Entdeckers beschrieben. Abth. 1, Die Labroiden. Ann. Wien. Mus., II. Johann Jakob Heckel. Uaru Heckel, II, 330; orthotype U. amphacanthoides Heckel. Symphysodon Heckel, II, 332; orthotype S discus Heckel. Pterophyllum Heckel, II, 334; orthotype Platax scalaris Cuv. & Val. Acara Heckel, II, 338; logotype A. crassispinis Heckel, as restricted by Gill (1858). A synonym of Astronotus Sw. (Hygrogonus Gthr.). Heros Heckel, II, 362; logotype H. severus Heckel, as restricted by J. & G., 1883. A synonym of Cichlaurus or Cichlasoma Sw. Geophagus Heckel, II, 383; logotype G. megasema Heckel. Chaetobranchus Heckel, II, 401 ; logotype C. flavescens Heckel. Crenicichla Heckel, II, 416; logotype C. vittata Heckel. Batrachops Heckel, II, 432; logotype B. reticulatus Pleckel. Monocirrhus Heckel II, 439; orthotype M. polyacanthus Heckel. 257. LOWE (1840). Certain New Species of Madeiran Fishes. Froc. Zool. Soc. London, 36-39. Richard Thomas Lowe. Cheilopogon Lowe, VII, 38; orthotype Cypselurus pulchellus Lowe. A manu¬ script name, withdrawn because of the earlier name Cypselurus Sw. Applied to young flying fish with barbels ; equivalent also to Ptenichthys Muller. * 258. MUNSTER (1840). Ueber einige Placoiden im Kupferschiefer zu Richsels- dorf ; Beitrdge zur Petrefactenkunde. Georg Munster. Dictea Munster, III, 124; otrhotype D. striata Munster (fossil). A synonym of Janassa Munster. 259-261. MUNSTER (1840). (Braun, Petrefakten von Bayreuth.) Georg Munster. Saurorhynchus (Munster) Braun, 73 (not defined) ; orthotype Saurichthys tenui- rostris (Munster) (fossil). Name apparently eligible, as being applied to a species already described. 262. NORDMANN (1840). Observations sur la fauna pontique; im Demidoff, voyage dans la Russie meridionale et la Crimee. III. Alexander von Nordmann. Pcrcarina Nordmann, 357; orthotype P. demidoffi Nordmann. 263. OWEN (1840). Odontography ; or a Treatise on the Comparative Anatomy of the Teeth. Richard Owen. Petalodus Owen, 61; orthotype P. hastingsi Owen (fossil). Rhizodus Owen, 75; orthotype Megalichthys hibberti Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Megalichthys Ag. 264. RANZANI (1840). De novis speciebus piscium; dissertationes quotuor. Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bonon., IV. Camillo Ranzani. Syacium Ranzani, 20; orthotype S. micrurum Ranzani. Replaces Hemirhombus Blkr. (1862). 208 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Diapterus Ranzani, IV, 340; orthotype D. auratus Ranzani. Replaces Gerres J. & E. ; not of Cuvier as properly restricted. 265. RICHARDSON (1840). On Some New Species of Fishes from Australia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, VIII. John Richardson. Oplegnathus Richardson, 27 ; orthotype O. convaii Rich. Name later corrected by Richardson to Hoplegnathus conwayi ; altered by Gunther to Hoplognathus, in which form it is preoccupied. If necessary, may be replaced by Scarodon T. & S. 266. THOMPSON (1840). On a New Genus of Fishes from India (Bregmaceros macclellandi Cantor, MS.). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., IV. William Thompon. Bregmaceros (Cantor) Thompson, IV, 184; orthotype B. macclellandi (Cantor) Thompson. 1841 267. AGASSIZ (1841). On the Fossil Fishes Found by Mr. Gardner in the Province of Ceard, in the North of Brasil. Edinb. New Philos. Journ., XXX. Louis Agassiz. Cladocyclus Agassiz, XXX, 83; orthotype C. gardneri Ag. (fossil). Rhacolepis Agassiz, XXX, 83; logotype R. buccalis Ag. (fossil). (Misprinted Phacolepis.) Calamopleurus Agassiz, XXX, 84; orthotype C. cylindricus Ag. (fossil). This genus belongs to the Elopid^:, near to Elops, Rhacolepis and Notelops. See Jordan & Branner, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 1793-1908 (“Cretaceous Fishes of Ceara, Brazil”). 268. BONAPARTE (1841). Iconograha della fauna italica. 3d part (fascicles 156-160 dating probably 1841). Carlo Luciano Bonaparte. Pristiums Bonaparte (1841) ; orthotype Galeus melastomus Raf. (Written Pristiurus in Saggio, p. 121, 1831, and in Fauna Italica. Called Pristidurus in Mem Soc. Sci. Neufchatel, II, p. 11, 1839), Pristiurus is the form in general use, but Pristidurus may have priority of definition. Syrraxis (Jourdan) Bonaparte, fasc. 160; orthotype Narcine (Syrraxis)indica Henle. Manuscript name based on specimens in the Museum of Lyons “ben ordinato di celebri Prof. Jourdan,” identified by Bonaparte as Narcine indica Henle. A synonym of Narcine Henle. Agassiz quotes also a genus “Poweria Bonaparte”. This is certainly an error. Troschel writes, “Gon. powerle” for Gonostoma. This was doubt¬ less mistaken for “Gen.” 269. EICHWALD (1841). Fauna C aspio-C aucasica non nullis observationibus novis illustrata. St. Petersburg. Carl Eduard von Eichvvald. Sypterus Eichwald ; orthotype (Perca lophar Forskal). A synonym of Pomato- mus Lac. (not verified). 270. FLEMING (1841). Description of a New Species of Skate (Hieroptera abre- donensis) New to the British Fauna. Edinb. New Phil. Journ., XXXI, 1841. John Fleming (1785-1857). IT ECKEL, 1841 209 Hieroptera Fleming, XXXI, 236; orthotype H. abredonensis Fleming (a monstrous form of Raja clavata fide Gill). A synonym of Raja L. 271. HECKEL (1841). Ueber eine neue Gattung (Aulopyge hugeli) von Siiss- wasserfische in Europa ; aus einen Schreiben an den Akademiker Dr. Brandt. Bull. Sci. Acad. St. Petersb., VIII. Johann Jakob Heckel. Aulopyge (Brandt) Heckel, I, 1021; orthotype A. hugeli Heckel (also in Russeg- ger’s Reisen, p. 1021). 272. HOGG (1841). (Protomelus and Amphibichthys.) Am. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII. John Hogg. Protomelus Hogg, VII, 359; orthotype Lepidosiren annectens Owen. A syno¬ nym of Protopterus Owen. Amphibichthys Hogg, 362; orthotype Lepidosiren paradox a Fitzinger. A synonym of Lepidosiren Fitzinger. 273. LOWE (1841). Synopsis of the Fishes of Madeira , etc. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, II. Richard Thomas Lowe. Aplurus Lowe, II, 180; orthotype A. simplex Lowe. A synonym of Ruvettus Cocco. Prometheus Lowe, II, 181 ; orthotype Gempylus Prometheus Cuv. & Val. Name preoccupied; replaced by Promethichthys Gill (1893). 274. MILLER (1841). The Old Red Sandstone ; or New Walks in an Old Field. Edinburgh. Hugh Miller (1802-1856). Pterichthys (Agassiz) Miller, XXII; orthotype P. milleri Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied— Swainson (1839) ; replaced by Pterichthyodes Blkr. (1839 and by Millerichthys S. A. Miller, 1892. 275. MUNSTER (1841). (Asterodon.) Beitrage zur Petrefaktenkunde, IV. Georg Munster. Asterodon Munster, IV, 140; orthotype A. bronni Munster (fossil). Probably identical with Colobodus Ag. and of earlier date. 276. NARDO (1841). Proposizione per la formazioni di un nuovo generi di pesci, intitolato Brachyochirus. Ann. Sci. Reale Lombardo-Veneto, Padova. Giovanni Domenico Nardo. Brachyochirus Nardo I ; orthotype Gobius aphya Risso = Gobius minutus L. A section of Gobius; same as Pomatoschistus Gill (1862). Perhaps to be regarded as preoccupied by Brachyrus and Brachirus of Swainson (1839) of similar etymology. 277 OWEN (1841). On the Structure of Fossil Teeth from the Central of Corn- stone Division of the Old Red Sandstone, Indicative of a New Genus of Fishes, or Fish-like Batrachia, etc. Micr. Journ., I. Richard Owen. Dendrodus Owen, I, 4; logotype D. biporcatus Owen (fossil). Sphyrsenodus (Agassiz) Owen, 129; orthotype S. priscus Ag. (fossil). Names only; validated by Agassiz in 1844. 210 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 278. SYKES (1840). The Fishes of Dukhun. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., IV. William Henry Sykes. Rohtee Sykes, II, 364 ; orthotype R. vigorsi Sykes. Replaces Osteobrama Heckel. 1842 279. AGASSIZ (1942). (Diplacanthus.) In Duff’s Geology of Moray. Louis Agassiz. Diplacanthus (Agassiz) Duff, 71; orthotype D. crassissimus Duff = D. striatus Ag. (fossil) ; more fully defined in Poissons fossiles Vieux Gres Rouge. Name misspelled Diplocanthus by Duff. 280. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1842). ITistoire naturelle des poissons. XVI. Achille Valenciennes. Dangila Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI, 229; logotype Dangila cuvieri Val. Nuria Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI, 238; logotype Nuria thermoicos Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Esomus Sw. Rohita Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI, 242 ; tautotype Cyprinus rohita Ham., Rohita ruchanani Val. Apparently identical with Labeo Cuv. Capoeta Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI, 278; tautotype Capoeta fundulus Val. = Cyprinus capoeta Giildenstadt (logotype C. amphibia Cuv. & Val.) as restricted by Bleeker. 281. DEKAY (1842). Zoology of New York; or, The New York Fauna. Com¬ prising Detailed Descriptions of All the Animals Hitherto Observed Within the State Borders, etc. Natural History of New York State Geological Survey, Albany. James Ellsworth Dekay (1792-1851). Lepisoma Dekay, 11 ; orthotype L. cirrhosum Dekay = Clinus pectinifer Cuv. & Val. Regarded as preoccupied in beetles by Lepisomus Kirby. A synonym of Labrosomus Sw. Pileoma Dekay, 16 ; haplotype Pileoma semifasciata Dekay = Etheostoma caprodes Raf. A synonym of Percina Haldeman, of earlier date in the same year. Boleosoma Dekay, 20; haplotype B. tessellatum Dekay = Etheostoma olmstedi Storer. Uranidea Dekay, 61 ; haplotype Uranidea quiescens Dekay. Apeltes Dekay, 68; orthotype Gasterosteus quadracus Mitchill. Argyrea Dekay, 141 ; haplotype Atherina notata Mitchill. Name preoccupied ; a synonym of Menidia Bon. Amblyopsis Dekay, 187 ; haplotype Amblyopsis spel^us Dekay. Stilbe Dekay, 204; haplotype Cyprinus crysoleucas Mitchill. A synonym of No- temigonus Raf. Baione Dekay, 244 ; haplotype B. fontinalis Dekay (the young of Salmo fontinalis Mitchill). A synonym of Salvelinus Rich., 1836. Acanthosoma Dekay, 350 ; orthotype A. carinatum Dekay. Same as Molacanthus Sw., a larval form of Mola Cuv. Pastinaca (Belon) Dekay, 373; orthotype Raja pastinaca L. Name used for the same genus by several authors. A synonym of Dasyatis Raf. 282. GRAY (1842). Description of Two Fresh-water Fish from New Zealand. (In Dieffenbach, Ernst: Travels in New Zealand. II.) John Edward Gray. HALDEMAN, 1842 211 Ptycholepis Gray, II, 218; orthotype Mugil salmoneus Forster. A synonym of Chanos Lac. 283. HALDEMAN (1842). Description of Two New Species of the Genus Perea, from the Susquehannah River. Journ. Acad. Nat. Hist. Samuel Stehman Haldeman (1712-1890). Percina Haldeman, VIII, 330; logotype Perca nebulosa Haldeman = Etheostoma caprodes Raf. Same as Pileoma Dekay and a little earlier in date. 284. HECKEL (1842). Ichthyologie (von Syrien). In Russegger (Joseph von) : Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, etc. Part I. Johann Jakob Heckel. Gibelion Heckel, I, 1014; orthotype Cyprinus catla Ham. Replaces Catla Cuv. & Val. Cyprinion Heckel, I, 1015 ; logotype C. macrostomus Heckel. Dillonia Heckel, I, 1020; orthotype Chondrostoma dilloni Cuv. & Val. Scaphiodon Heckel, I, 1020; logotype S. tinca Heckel. Gymnostomus Heckel, I, 1030; logotype G. ariza Heckel, as restricted by Bleeker (1860) ; logotype Capoeta syriaca Cuv. & Val., as limited by Gunther (1868). Apparently replaces Tylognathus Gthr., but not of Heckel. Chondrochilus Heckel, I, 1031 ; orthotype C. nasicus. A synonym of Chon¬ drostoma Ag. Chondrorhynchus Heckel, I, 1031 ; logotype Ch. soetta Heckel. A synonym of Chondrostoma Ag. Ballerus Heckel, I, 1032; tautotype Cyprinus ballerus L. Acanthobrama Heckel, I, 1033 ; logotype A. marmid Heckel, as restricted by Bleeker. Osteobrama Heckel, I, 1033 ; logotype Cyprinus cotio Ham. A synonym of Rohtee Sykes (1841). Pachystomus Heckel, I, 1038; orthotype P. schacra Heckel. Name preoccupied. Same as Shacra Blkr. Argyreus Heckel, I, 1040; haplotype Cyprinus atronasus Mitchill. Name pre¬ occupied. Equivalent to Rhinichthys Ag., 1850. Leucosomus Heckel, I, 1042; haplotype L. chrysoleucus Heckel, not of Mitchill = Cyprinus corporalis Mitchill. Considered as preoccupied by Leucosoma Gray; replaced by Cheilonemus Baird (1855). Glossodon Heckel, I, 1003; haplotype Cyprinus smithi Rich.; identical with the type of Glossodon Raf. (1818). A synonym of Hiodon Le Sueur (1818). Luciobarbus Heckel, I, 1054; orthotype L. esocinus Heckel. Pseudophoxinus Heckel, I, 1063 ; orthotype Phoxinellus zeregi Heckel. Discognathus Heckel, I, 1071 ; logotype D. variabilis Heckel, as restricted by Bleeker, 1863. A synonym of Garra Ham., as restricted by Bleeker. Tylognathus Heckel, I, 1073; logotype T. diplostomus Heckel, as restricted by Bleeker, 1863, not Tylognathus, as restricted by Gunther, 1868. 285. JENYNS (1842). The Zoology of the Voyage of IT. M.S. “ Beagle ”, During the Years 1832-1836; edited by Charles Danvin: Fishes. London. Leonard Jenyns (1800-1893) (afterwards Leonard Jenyns Blomefield). Arripis Jenyns, 14; orthotype Centropristes georgianus Cuv. & Val. Prionodes Jenyns, 46; orthotype P. fasciatus Jenyns. Stegastes Jenyns, 63; orthotype S. imbricatus Jenyns = Ch.etodon luridus Broussonet. This is probably identical with Microspathodon Gthr., 1862, and of earlier date. 212 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Acanthoclinus Jenyns, 92; orthotype A. fuscus Jenyns. Mesites Jenyns, 118 ; orthotype M. attenuatus Jenyns. A synonym of Galaxias Cuv. Aplochiton Jenyns, 130; orthotype A. zebra Jenyns. Spelled Haplochiton by Gunther. Iluocoetes Jenyns, 166; orthotype I. fimbriatus Jenyns. Phucocoetes Jenyns, 168; orthotype P. latitans Jenyns. 286. McCLELLAND (1842). Remarks on a Nezv Genus of Thoracic Percoid Fishes, Cestreus. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, IV. John McClelland. Cestreus McClelland, II, 150, 151 ; orthotype C. minimus McCl. = Atherina danius Ham. An ally of Eleotris, near Hypseleotris, Carassops, etc., small species with the habit of Gambusia. D. V-9 :A. 12. vertebrae 26, outer teeth minute, hooked (not “forked,” as stated by Day). 287. McCLELLAND (1842). On the FresNwater Fishes Collected by William Griffin in His Travels, from 1835 to 1842. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, II, 560-589. John McClelland. Racoma McClelland, II, 576; logotype R. labiata McCl., according to Bleeker. Glyptosternon McClelland, II, 584; logotype G. reticulatus McCl. Spelled Glyp- tosternum by Gunther. Olyra McClelland, II, 588 ; logotype O. longicaudata McCl. 288. MtrNSTER (1842). Beschreibungen einiger neuer Fische aus den lithographi- schen Schiefern von Bayern. Beitriige zur Petrefaktenkunde. Georg Monster. Dorypterus (Germar) Munster, V. 35; orthotype D. hoFfmanni Germar (fossil). Globulodus Munster, V, 47; orthotype T. elegans Munster (fossil). Thaumas Munster, V. 62; orthotype T. alifer Munster (fossil). A fossil homo logue of Squatina Dum. Capitodus Munster, V, 68; orthotpe C. subtruncatus Munster (fossil). Soricidens Munster, V. 68; orthotype S. haueri Munster (fossil). 289. MUNSTER (1842) Neues Jahrb. fur Mineralogie, etc. Georg Munster. iEthalion Munster, 41; logotype A. inflatus Munster (fossil). Libys Munster, 45; orthotype L. polyjterus Munster (fossil). 290. OWEN (1842). (Raphiosaurus.) Trans. Geol. Soc., London. Richard Owen. Raphiosaurus Owen, VI, 413; orthotype R. subulidens Owen (fossil). 291. RICHARDSON (1842). Catalogue of Fish Found at King George’s Sound. (In Eyre, E. J. : Journals of Expeditions of Discovery into Central Aus¬ tralia. I.) John Richardson. Centrogenys Richardson, IX, 120; orthotype Scorp^ena vaigiensis Blkr. 292. SCHOMBURGK (1842). The Natural History of the Fishes of ( British ) Guiana. Edinburgh. Robert Hermann Schomburgk. Ellipesurus Schomburgk, II, 184; orthotype E. spinicauda Schomburgk (misprinted Elipesurus). TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1842 213 293. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1842). Fauna Japonica, sive descnptio a/ni- malium quce in itinere per Japoniam suscepto annis 1823-30 collegit, notis'' observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit P. F. de Siebold. Conjunctis studiis C. J. Temminck et H. Schlegel pro vertebratis, atque W. de Haan pro invertebratis elaborata. (Part 1R, Pisces.) Edited by Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold,. the text of fishes mostly by Hermann Schlegel. Cgenraad Jacob Temminck (1770-1858) ; Hermann Schlegel (1804-1884). Temminck and Schlegel gave no specific names when but one species oc¬ curred in the genus. The names of type species have been given by subse¬ quent writers. Perca-Labrax Temminck & Schlegel, 2; orthotype Labrax japonicus Cuv. & Val. Name rejected by Bleeker ,and by Boulenger because no new genus was intended, Labrax being merely entered as a subgenus of Perca. Replaced by Lateola- brax Blkr. But an argument can be made for the retention of Percalabrax. Aulacocephalus Temminck & Schlegel, 15; orthotype A. temmincki Blkr. Anoplus Temminck & Schlegel, 17; orthotype Anopolus banjos Rich. Name pre¬ occupied; replaced by Banjos Blkr. (1879). 294. VALENCIENNES (1842). Determination des poissons: Voyage autour du monde . . . sur ... la “ Bonite ” etc. Zoologie, I, Paris. Achille Valenciennes. Oxuderces Valenciennes, 181 ; orthotype O. dentatus Val. 1843. 295. AGASSIZ (1843). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. Ill, in part. Louis Agassiz. Orthacanthus Agassiz, III, pi. 45; orthotype O. cylindricus Ag. (fossil). Regarded by Woodward as a synonym of Pleuracanthus Ag., which preoccupied name it may replace. Pleurodus Agassiz, III, 174; orthotype P. rankinei Ag. (fossil). No definition until accepted by Hancock and Althey, 1872. Regarded as preoccupied by Pleurodon (1840), replaced by Pleuroplax Woodw., 1889. Cladacanthus Agassiz, III, 176; orthotype C. paradoxus Ag. (fossil); name only, defined first by Davis. Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc., I, 1883, 365. A synonym of Erismacanthus. Cricacanthus Agassiz, III, 176; orthotype C. jonisi Ag. Name only, hence having no place in the system. Gyropristis Agassiz, III, 177 ; orthotype G. obliquus Ag. Name only, hence with¬ out place in the system. Cladodus Agassiz, III, 196; logotype C. mirabilis Ag. (fossil). Sphenonchus Agassiz, III, 201; logotype S. elongatus Ag. (fossil). A synonym, as restricted, of Acrodus Ag. Diplodus Agassiz, III, 204; logotype D. gibbosus Ag. (fossil). Regarded by Wood¬ ward as a synonym of Pleuracanthus Ag. Both names are preoccupied. Diplodus has been replaced by Didymodus Cope (1883), which is also preoccupied (as Didymodon Blake, 1863, a mammal) and again replaced by Dicranodus Garman (1885). Orthacanthus Ag. may replace Pleuracan¬ thus, and some of the names given by Owen, as Dittodus, have priority over Dicranodus. It is not yet certain that the teeth called Diplodus and the spines called Orthacanthus belong to the same fish. 214 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Otodus Agassiz, III, 206; logotype O. obliquus Ag., not O. appendiculatus Ag. (fossil). Apparently not separable from the living genus, Lamna Cuv. (1817). Corax Agassiz, III, 244; logotype Galeus pristodontus Morton (fossil). Hemipristis Agassiz, III, 237; orthotype H. serra Ag. (fossil). A genus repre¬ sented by a living homologue, Dirrhizodon elongatus Klunzinger in the Red Sea. Meristodon Agassiz, III, 286; orthotype Oxyrhina paradoxa Ag. (fossil). Prob¬ ably a synonym of Hybodus. Sphenodus Agassiz, III, 298; orthotype Lamna longidens Ag. (fossil). Name regarded as preoccupied as Spi-ienodon Gray (1831) ; replaced by Orthacodus Woodw. (1889). Carcharopsis Agassiz, III, 313; orthotype C. prototypus Ag. (fossil). Name only; same as Pristicladodus dentatus McCoy. A synonym of Dicrenodus Romanowsky( 1853), which name Woodward adopts, as being first defined and with a described type. Zygobatis Agassiz, III, 328; logotype Rhinoptera studeri Ag. (fossil). Appar¬ ently a synonym of Rhinoptera Kuhl. Ganodus Agassiz, III, 339; orthotype Chimera ovveni Ag. (fossil). Psittacodon Agassiz, III, 340; logotype Ischyodus psittacinus Egert. (fossil). A synony of Ganodus. Actinobatis Agassiz, III, 372; orthotype Raja ornata Ag. (fossil). Regarded as a synonym of Raja L. If so, the living species, Raja ornata Garman, must receive a new name. Scylliodus Agassiz, III, 377; orthotype S. antiquus Ag. (fossil). An ally of Thyellina and Scylliorhinus. Arthropterus Agassiz, III, 379; orthotype A. rileyi Ag. (fossil). A bit of some unrecognized ray. Asterodermus Agassiz, III, 381; orthotype A. platypterus (fossil). Name pre¬ occupied by Astrodermus Bonelli, 1829. Thyellina Agassiz, III, 378; orthotype T. angusta Ag. (fossil). A fossil ally of Scylliorhinus Blainv. Narcopterus Agassiz, III, 382; orthotype N. bolcanus Ag. (fossil). Name only, hence not part of the system. An ally of Torpedo Dum. Cyclarthrus Agassiz, III, 382; orthotype C. macroptenes Ag. (fossil). A fin of some ray, imperfectly known. Euryarthra Agassiz, III, 382; orthotype E. munsteri Ag. (fossil). An ally of Rhinobatus Linck and a synonym of 2Ellopos Munster. 296. EGERTON (1843). On Some New Species of Fossil Chimceroid Fishes, with Remarks on Their Affinities Proc. Geol. Soc., IV. Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton. Ischyodus Egerton, IV, 155; orthotype Chimera colei (Buckland) Ag. (fossil). Elasmodus Egerton, IV, 156; orthotype E. hunteri Egert. (fossil). 297. HALL (1843). Natural History of New York. (Palaeontology.) James Hall. Sauripteris Hall, IV, 282; orthotype S. taylori Hall (fossil). Usually written Sauripterus. 298. HECKEL (1843). Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Fische Syriens, nebst einer neuen Classification und Char act eristik sdmmtlicher Gattungen der Cyprinen. Stuttgart. Johann Jakob Heckel. HECK EL, 1843 215 Leucos (Bonaparte) Heckel, 48; logotype L. rubellus Bon. Name regarded as preoccupied as Leucus Kaup, a genus of birds ; replaced by Cenisophius Bon. Phoxinellus Heckel, 50; orthotype P. alepidotus Heckel, as restricted by Bleeker, who later separated P. zeregi as Pseudophoxinus, 1859. Same as Para- phoxinus Blkr., 1863. Mola Heckel, appendix, 257 ; orthotype Cyprinus mola Ham. Preoccupied in fishes ; replaced by Amblypharyngodon Blkr. 299. HECKEL (1843). Ichthyologie (von Syrien). In Russegger (Joseph von) : Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa , mit besonderer Rucksicht auf natur- wissenschaftlichen Verhdltnisse der betreffenden Lander, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841. Part 2, 1843. Johann Jakob Heckel. Cyrene Heckel, II, 284; logotype C. ocellata Heckel. A synon)un of Dangilia Cuv. & Val. (1842). Schizopyge Heckel, II, 285 ; logotype Schizothorax curvifrons Heckel, as restricted by Bleeker, 1863. Aspidoparia Heckel, II, 288; orthotype A. sardina Heckel. 300. LOWE (1843). Notice of Fishes Newly Observed or Discovered in Madeira During the Years 1840, 1841 and 1842. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. Richard Thomas Lowe. Taractes Lowe, 82; orthotype T. asper Lowe. Antigonia Lowe, 85 ; orthotype A. capros Lowe. Hesperanthias Lowe, 14; orthotype Serranys oculatus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Etelis Cuv. & Val. Cubiceps Lowe, 82 ; orthotype Psenes gracilis Lowe. A synonym of Psenes Cuv. & Val. Echiostoma Lowe, 87 ; orthotype E. barbatum Lowe. Metopias Lowe, 90; orthotype M. typhlops Lowe. Preoccupied; replaced by Melamphaes Gthr., 1864. Gadella Lowe, 91 ; orthotype G. gracilis Lowe = Gadus maraldi Risso. Replaces Uraleptus Costa (1858). Diaphasia Lowe, 92; orthotype Gymnotus acus Brunnich. A synonym of Carapus Raf. ; a substitute for the “barbarous” name, Fierasfer. 301. LOWE (1843). A History of the Fishes of Madeira, etc. Richard Thomas Lowe. Pleurothyris Lowe, 64; orthotype Sternoptyx olfersi Cuv. Misprinted Pleu- rothysis by Gunther. A synonym of Argyropelecus Cocco. 302. MULLER (1843). Beitrdge zur Kenntniss der naturlichen Familien der Knochenhsche. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. Johannes Muller. Encheliophis Muller, 153; orthotype E. vermicularis Muller. 303. MULLER (1843). Beitrdge zur Kenntniss der naturlichen Familien der Fische. Wiegmann’s Arch. Naturgesch. Johannes Muller. Cotylis Muller & Troschel, 297. haplotype Lepadogaster nudus Bl. & Schn. = Gobiesox gyrinus J. & E., not Cyclopterus nudus L., which is not identified. Later restricted by Gunther, 1861, Cotylis fimbrata M. & T., a species 216 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II described later and not at first included by Muller. ( Horce Ichthyologies, III, 297. For Cotylis Gunther, not Muller, the name Cotylichthys Jordan, 1919, has been substituted. A synonym of Gobiesox Lac. Sicyases Muller & Troschel, 298; orthotype S. sanguineus M. & T. Synancidium Muller, 302; orthotype Scorp^ena horrida L., “Synanceia mit Vomer- zahnen” . A synonym of Synanceja Bl. & Schn., as restricted. Ptenichthys Muller, 312; logotype (Exoccetus furcatus Mitchell; “Exoccetus mit Barbfaden”). A synonym of Cypselurus Sw., 1839. Hemiodus Muller, 316; orthotype H. crenidens Muller.. Macrodon Muller, 163 ; orthotype M. trahira Muller = Synodus malabaricus Bl. & Schn. Name, preoccupied by Macrodon Schinz, 1822; replaced by Hoplias Gill. Euanemus Muller, 318; orthotype E. columbetes Muller = Hypophthalmus nuchalis Spix. A synonym of Auchenipterus Cuv. & Val., as restricted by Bleeker and by Eigenmann. Calophysus Muller, 318; orthotype Pimelodus macropterus Lichtenstein. Mormyrops Muller, 324; logotype Mormyrus anguilloides Geoffroy St. Hiraire. Gastrophysus Muller, 330 ; orthotype Tetraodon lunaris L. Substitute for Phy- sogaster Muller, preoccupied. A synonym of Lagocephalus Sw. Arapaima Muller, 326; orthotype Sudis gigas Cuv. A sybstitute for Sudis Cuv., preoccupied by Sudis Raf. (1810). Heterotis (Ehrenberg) Muller, 326; orthotype Sudis niloticus Cuv. A synonym of Clupisudis Sw. 304. MUNSTER (1843). Beitrdge zur Petrefaktenkunde. VI. Georg Munster. Wodnika Munster, VI, 48; orthotype Acrodus althausi Munster (fossil). Byzenos Munster, VI, 50; orthotype B. latipinnatus Munster (fossil). A syno¬ nym of Janassa. 305. PORTLOCK (1843). (Geological Survey of Londonderry.) Joseph Ellison Portlock. Tristychius Portlock, 464; orthotype T. minor Portlock (fossil). 306. RICHARDSON (1843). Description of the Lurking Macherie (Machcerium subducens) from the Northern Coast of New Holland. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. VII. John Richardson. Machaerium Richardson, XII, 175 ; orthotype M. subducens Rich. Name pre¬ occupied; replaced by Congrogadus Gthr., 1862. 307,308. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1843). Fauna Japonica (part). Coenraad Jacob Temminck; Hermann Schlegel. Acropoma Temminck & Schlegel, 41; orthotype Acropoma (japonicum Gthr.). Aploactis Temminck & Schlegel, 51 ; orthotype A. aspera Rich. Glaucosoma Temminck & Schlegel, 1843, 62; orthotype G. burgeri Rich. Caprodon Temminck & Schlegel, 64; orthotype Caprodon = Anthias schlegeli Gthr. 1844 309. AGASSIZ (1844). Recherchcs sur les poissons fossiles. I, II, III, IV, V (parts completed). Louis Agassiz. t AGASSIZ, 1844 217 Placosteus Agassiz, I, XXIII; orthotype P. m;eandrinus Ag. (fossil); name only, replaced in 1845 by Psammosteus Ag. Chelonichthys Agassiz, I, XXXIII; logotype C. asmussi Ag. (fossil) ; name only. A synonym of Ichthyosauroides Kutorga. Glyptosteus Agassiz, I, XXXIV; orthotype G. reticulatus Ag. (fossil); name only. A synonym of Bothriolepis. Psammolepis Agassiz, I, XXXIV; orthotype P. paradoxus Ag. (fossil); name only, replaced in 1845 by Psammosteus Ag. Scaphodus Agassiz, I, XLIII; orthotype Gyronchus oblongus Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Gyronchus. Pododus Agassiz, II, 83; orthotype P. capillatus Ag. (fossil) ; name only. Iden¬ tified by Woodward, 1901, as a synonym of Mesolepis Young. Megalichthys Agassiz, II, 89, 154; orthotype M. hibberti Ag. (fossil). Not Mega- lichthys Ag. 1836. Should apparently stand as Centrodus McCoy. Conodus Agassiz, II, 105; orthotype C. ferox Ag. (fossil); name only; preoccu¬ pied as Conodon Cuv. & Val., 1830. A synonym of Caturus Ag. Thrissonotus Agassiz, II, 128; orthotype T. colei Ag. (fossil); name only. Same as Oxygnathus Egert. ; defined by Egerton, 1858. Microspondylos Agassiz, II, 139; orthotype M. escheri Ag. (no definition: shales of Glarus). Cricodus Agassiz, II, 156; orthotype Dendrodus incurvus Duff, (fossil). Amblysemus Agassiz, II, 165; orthotype A. gracilis Ag. (fossil). Macropoma Agassiz, II, 174; orthotype M. egertoni Ag. (fossil) ; name only. De¬ fined by Egerton, Mem. Geol. Surv., IX, No. 10, 1858, from which the name should date. A synonym of Eurycormus Wagner, 1863, and of earlier date. Uronemus Agassiz, II, 178; orthotype U. lobatus Ag. (fossil). Hoplopygus Agassiz, II, 178; orthotype H. binneyi Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Ccelacanthus. Gyrosteus Agassiz, II, 179; orthotype G. mirabilis Ag. (fossil) ; name only; val¬ idated by Egerton, Phil. Trans., 1858, 883. Ctenolepis Agassiz, II, 180; orthotype C. cyclus Ag. (fossil). Undetermined scales ; defined by Woodward, 1895. Periodus Agassiz, II, 201 ; orthotype P. koenigi Ag. A synonym of Pycnodus Ag. Gyronchus Agassiz, II, 202; orthotype G. oblongus Ag. (fossil). Acrotemnus Agassiz, II, 203; orthotype A. faba Ag. (fossil). Colobodus Agassiz, II, 237; orthotype C. hogardi Ag. (fossil). Apparently a syn¬ onym of Asterodon Munster. Phyllodus Agassiz, II, 238; orthotype P. toliapicus Ag. (fossil). Acanthoderma Agassiz, II, 251; logotype A. spinosum Ag. (fossil). Name pre- ocupied. See Agoreion Gistel, 1847. Acanthopleurus Agassiz, II, 253; orthotype Pleuracanthus serratus Ag. (fos¬ sil). This name may be regarded as preoccupied by Acanthopleura, 1829. Rhinellus Agassiz, II, 260; orthotype R. furcatus Ag. (fossil), regarded as pre¬ occupied by Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826; replaced by Ichthyotringa Cope, 1878. Glyptocephalus Agassiz, II, 264; orthotype G. radiatus Ag. (fossil). Name pre¬ occupied, Gottsche, 1835. A synonym of Bucklandium Konig. Chondrosteus Agassiz, II, 280; orthotype C. acipenseroides Ag. (fossil); name only; validated by Egerton, Phil. Trans., 1858, 871. Nothosomus Agassiz, II, 292; orthotype N. octostychius Ag. (fossil) ; name only; described by Egerton, Mem. Geol. Surv., 1858, Dec. IX, No. 6. An ally of Pholidophorus. 218 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Coccolepis Agassiz, II, 300; orthotype C. bucklandi Ag. (fossil). Plectrolepis Agassiz, II, 306; orthotype P. rugosus Ag. (fossil); name only; de¬ fined by Egerton, 1850. A synonym of Notacmon Gistel, which replaces Eurynotus Ag. Oxyrhina Agassiz, III, 276; orthotype Isurus Spallanzani Raf. Preoccupied; re¬ placed by Plectrostoma Gistel (1848). A synonym of Isurus Raf., 1810. Coelacanthus Agassiz, IV, 83; orthotype C. granulatus Ag. (fossil). Rhamphosus Agassiz, IV, 270; orthotype Centriscus aculeatus Blainv. (fossil). Urosphen Agassiz, IV, 284; orthotype U. fistularis Ag. (fossil). (Printed as name only in Neues Jahrb., 1835, 293.) Notaeus Agassiz, V, 12; orthotype N. longicaudus Ag. (fossil). Name regarded as preoccupied, as Noteus Ehrenb., 1830; replaced by Amiopsis Kner. A synonym of Cyclurus Ag. Cyclurus Agassiz, V, 12; orthotype V. valenciennesi Ag. (fossil). Regarded as preoccupied by Cyclura Harlan, 1825, a reptile, replaceable by Amiopsis Kner. A fossil homologue of Amia L. (Amiatus Raf.). Sphenolepis Agassiz, V, 13; orthotype Cyprinus squamosseus Blainv. (fossil). Name preoccupied, same as Notogoneus Cope, 1885; perhaps a synonym of Anormurus Blainv., 1818. Autolepis Agassiz, V, 14; orthotvpe A. typus Ag. Enchelyopus Agassiz, V, 16; orthotype E. tigrinus Ag. (fossil). (As name only- in Neues Jahrb., 1835, 307.) Name preoccupied; replaced by Paranguilla Blkr., 1864. Pamphractus Agassiz, V, 20; orthotype P. hydrophilus Ag. (fossil). A syno nym of Bothrolepis. Coccosteus Agassiz, 22; orthotype C. decipiens Ag. (fossil). Polyphractus Agassiz, V, 29; orthotype P. platycephalus Ag. (fossil). A syno nym of Dipterus Sedgwick & Murchison. Carangopsis Agassiz, V, 39; logotype C. latior Ag. (fossil). Published as name only, Neues Jahrb., 1835, 293. Amphistium Agassiz, V, 44; orthotype A. paradoxum Ag. (fossil), (Noted as name only, Neues Jahrb., 1835, 294.) Halecopsis Agassiz, V, 44; orthotype H. l^vis Ag. (fossil); names only; given definition by Woodward, 1901. Palimphyes Agassiz, V, 46; logotype P. longus Ag. (fossil). Archaeus Agassis, V, 49; orthotype A. glarisianus Ag. (fossil). Isurus Agassiz, V, 51; orthotype Isurus macrurus Egert. (fdssil). (Printed as name only by Egerton, Cat Foss. Fish, 1837.) Name preoccupied; replaced by Isurichthys Woodward, 1901. Pleionemus Agassiz, V, 52; orthotype P. macrospondylus Ag. (fossil). Name only. A fragment of an Archaeus. Ductor Agassiz, V, 53; orthotype D. leptosomus Ag .(fossil). Printed in 1834 as name only in Verhandl. Mus. Bohrnen, 66. Glyptopomus Agassiz, 57; orthotype G. minor Ag. (fossil). Placothorax Agassiz, 134; orthotype P. paradoxus Ag. (fossil). A synonym Bothriolepis. Platygnathus Agassiz, V, 61; orthotype P. jamesoni Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Holoptychus. Glyptolepis Agassiz, V, 62; logotye G. leptopterus Ag. (fossil). Goniognathus Agassiz, V, 63; logotype G. m axillaris Ag. (fossil) ; name only. A synonym of Ampheristus Konig. cocco, 1844 219 Phyllolepis Agassiz, V, 67; orthotye P. concentrica Ag. (fossil). Nemopteryx Agassiz, V, 75; orthotype Cyclurus crassus Egert. (fossil). Holosteus Agassiz, V, 85; orthotye H. esocinus Ag. (fossil). Hemirhynchus Agassiz, V, 87; orthotype Histiophorus deshayesi Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied; perhaps the same as Homorhynchus Van Beneden, 1873. Istieus Agassiz, V, 91 ; logotype I. grandis Ag. (fossil). An extinct ally of Pteroth- rissus Hilgendorf. Sphyraenodus Agassiz, V, 98; orthotype Sphyr/enodus priscus Ag. (fossil). Name printed by Owen, 1841. Ccelorhynchus Agassiz, V, 92; orthotype C. rectus Ag. (fossil) ; name preoccupied. Hypsodon Agassiz, V, 101; orthotype H. toliapicus Ag., name only (fossil). Ap¬ parently a synonym of ally of Megalops Lac. Osmeroides Agassiz, V, 103; orthotype O. monasteri Ag. (fossil). The name has been transferred by authors to Salmo lewesiensis Mantell, the type of Holcolepis von der Marck. Osmeroides should replace Sardinioides von der Marck. Rhamphognathus Agassiz, V, 9, 104; orthotye R. paralepoides Ag. (fossil). Mesogaster Agassiz, V, 9, 105; orthotype M. sphyr^noides Ag. (fossil) Spinacanthus Agassiz, V, 107; orthotype S. blennioides Ag. (fossil). Acrognathus Agassiz, V, 108; orthotype A. boops Ag. (fossil). Rhynchorinus Agassiz, V, 139; orthotype R. branchialis Ag. (fossil); name only; validated by Woodward, 1901. Coelocephalus Agassiz, V, 139; orthotype C. salmoneus Ag. .(fossil); name only. Preoccupied before defined by Ccelocephalus Clark, 1860, and by Ccelo- cephalus Gilbert & Cramer, 1897; replaced by Eothynnus Woodw., 1901. Halecopsis Agassiz, V, 139; orthotype H. l^eis Ag. (fossil) = Osmeroides insignis Delvaux & Ortlieb (fossil); name only; validated by Woodward, 1901. Elopides Agassiz, V, 139; orthotype E. couloni Ag. (fossil); name only; vali¬ dated by Woodward, 1901. 310. COCCO (1844). Intorno ad alcuni nuovi pesci del mare di Messina. Lettera del Prof. Anastasio Cocco al Signor Augusto Krohn. Anastasio Cocco. Krohnius Cocco, 1 ; orthotype K. filamentosus Cocco. Young of Ccelorhynchus Giorna. Bibronia Cocco, 15 ; orthotype B. ligulata Cocco. Larva of Symphurus Raf. Peloria Cocco, 21 ; orthotype P. heckeli Cocco. A larva of Platophrys Sw. Coccolus (Bonaparte) Cocco, 21 ; orthotype C. annectens Cocco. A larva of Pla¬ tophrys Sw. 311. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1844). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XVII. Achille Valenciennes. Catla Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVII, 140; tautotype Cyprinus catla Ham. A synonym of Gibelion Heckel. Sclerognathus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVII, 472 ; logotype, restriction of Gunther, 1868, Sclerognathus cyprinella Cuv. & Val.; the original diagnosis drawn up from Catostomus cyprinus Le Sueur, a species of Carpiodes Raf. A synonym of Ictiobus Raf., as here accepted. This view is not taken by Fowler, who regards Carpiodes cyprinus as type of Sclerognathus and gives to I. cyprin£lla the new name of Megastomatobus. 220 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 312. EGERTON (1845). Description of a Fossil Ray from Mount Lebanon (Cyclobatis oligodactylus). Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., I. Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton. Cyclobatis Egerton, IV, 442; orthotype C. oligodactylus Egert. (fossil). 313. EICHWALD (1844). Ueber die Fische des devonischen Systems in der Gegend von Pawlowsk. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow, XVII. Carl Edward von Eichwald. Sclerolepis Eichwald, XVII, 828; orthotype S. decorata Eichw. (fossil). A syn¬ onym of Glyptolepis. Microlepis Eichwald VXII, 830; logotype M. exilis Eichw. (fossil). A doubtful genus, the name preoccupied in reptiles. Chiastolepis Eichwald, XVIII, 831; orthotype C. clathrata Eichw. (fossil). [GOLDFUSS (1844). Sclerocephalus haeuseri Goldfuss, 1844, described as a ganoid fish, is a reptile.] 314. KONINCK (1844). Description des animaux fossiles qui se trouvent dans le terrain carbonifere de Belgique. Laurent (Guillaume) de Koninck (1809-1887). Campodus Koninck, 617; orthotype C. agassizianus Koninck (fossil). 315. McCLELLAND (1844). Description of a Collection of Fishes Made at Chasun and Ningpo in China by G. R. Playfair. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, IV. John McClelland. Cossyphus McClelland, IV, 403 ; orthotype C. ater McCl. Preoccupied ; replaced by Phagorus McCl. Phagorus McClelland, IV, 403; orthotype Cossyphus ater McCl. = Macroptero- notus jagur Ham. Replaces Cossyphus McCl., preoccupied. Chaetomus McClelland, IV, 405 ; orthotype C. playfairi McCl. Muraenesox McClelland, V, 408; logotype M. tricuspidata McCl. 316. McCLELLAND (1844). Apodal Fishes of Bengal. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, V. John McClelland. Lycodontis McClelland, V, 173; logotype L. literata McCl., as restricted by Jordan .& Evermann, 1896. A synonym of Gymnothorax Bloch, as here understood. Thaerodontis McClelland, V, 174; orthotype T. reticulata McCl. A synonym of Gymnothorax. Strophidon McClelland, V, 187; orthotype Lycodontis longicaudata McCl. A synonym of Gymnotpiorax, the name wrongly transferred by Bleeker and Gunther to the genus Pseudochidna Blkr. Ophicardia McClelland, V, 191 ; orthotype O. phayriana McCl. A synonym of Fluta Bl. & Schn. = Monopterus Lac. Pneumabranchus McClelland, V, 192 ; logotype P. striatus McCl. A synonym of Amphipnous Muller. Ophisternon McClelland, V, 197 ; logotype O. bengalensis McCl. A synonym o: Symbranchus Bloch. Ptyobranchus McClelland, V, 200; logotype P. arundinaceus McCl. A synonym of Raitoboura Gray = Moringua Gray. Ophithorax McClelland, V, 212; logotype “Ophisurus ophis Lac.” (Mur^na maculosa Cuv.). The species called Mur^ena ophis by Linnaeus is the type of MEYER & PLIENINGER, 1844 221 the genus Oprichthus of Ahl. Mur^na ophis Bloch is probably the same and M. ophis Lac. seems to be drawn from the same material. The figure of Lacepede is the sole basis of Cuvier’s Muilena maculosa. All these accounts seem to refer to the fish called Ophichthus havannensis (Bl. & Schn.). The maculosus of Kaup and Gunther is a different fish, a species of Myrichthys. McClelland places “Ophisurus ophis Lac.” first among his species of Ophithorax. We therefore take it as his type, although his description is rather dubious. “Dorsal fin broad, anal narrow ; body and dorsal covered with large round spots. Pectoral fin very minute. Seas of Europe.” The genus is defined : “Pectoral fins very small so as to be scarcely perceptible.” It is possible that this description applies to the species called Ophichthys maculosus by Gunther (not by Cuvier). This is a species of Myrichthys, thus far without tenable name. Using Gunther’s description of Ophichthys maculosus as the type, the species may be named Myrich¬ thys guntheri Jordan. It seems best to regard Ophithorax as a synonym of Ophichthys Ahl, rather than to substitute it on doubtful grounds for Myrichthys or for Chlevastes (colubrinus). 317. MEYER & PLIENINGER (1844). Palaontologie von W'iirttemberg. Christian Erich von Meyer (1801-1894) ; Wilhelm Heinrich Theodor VON PLIENINGER (1795-1879). Thectodus Meyer & Plieninger, 116; logotype T. inflatus Muller & Plieninger (fossil). A synonym of Acrodus. 318. MULLER & TROSCHEL (1844). Synopsis generum et specierum families Characinarum. Wiegmann’s Archiv. Naturg. (Also in Hors Ichthyologies, III, 1845.) Johannes Muller; Franz Hermann Troschel (1810-1882). Chilodus Muller & Troschel, 85 ; haplotype Chilodus punctatus M. & T. Pre¬ occupied; replaced by Microdus Kner, 1859; also preoccupied, and by Ceno- tropus Gthr., 1864. Alestes Muller & Troschel, 88; orthotype Salmo niloticus Geoffroy St. Hilaire. Brycon Muller & Troschel, 90; logotype Characinus microlepidotus Cuv. Exodon Muller & Troschel, 91 ; haplotype Exodon paradoxus M. & T. Said to be preoccupied; replaced by Hystricodon Gthr. 1864 Epicyrtus Muller & Troschel, 92; haplotype Salmo gibbosus Gronow. Preoccupied; replaced by Anacyrtus Gthr., 1864. A synonym of Charax (Gronow) Scopoli. Xiphorhamphus Muller & Troschel, 92; orthotype Salmo falcatus Bloch. Sub¬ stitute for Xiphorhynchus Ag., preoccupied. This name is also preoccupied and changed to Acestrorhynchus Eigenmann (1903). “Nomen Xiphorhyn¬ chus usurpatum in Ornithologise” (M. & T.). Hydrolycus Muller & Troschel, 93 ; orthotype Hydrocyon scomberoides Cuv. Pygocentrus Muller & Troschel, 94; logotype Serrasalmo piraya Cuv. Pygopristis Muller & Troschell, 95 logotype Serrasalmo denticulatus Cuv. Catoprion Muller & Troschel, 96; haplotype Serrasalmo mento Cuv. Myleus Muller & Troschel, 98; orthotype Myleus setiger Muller. 319. NARDO (1844) . Proposizione per la formazione di un nuovo genere di Selachi chiawato Caninoa o Caninotus , che costiturebbe una nuoz>a sottofawigHa prossitna ai N otidani. Ann. Soc. Lombardo- Veneto, III. Giovanni Domenico Nardo. Caninoa Nardo, 8; orthotype Squalus barbarus (Chierigini MSS.) = C. chiere ghini Nardo. An anomalous shark, not since recognized, if existing. 222 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Caninotus Nardo, 8; orthotype Caninoa chiereghini Nardo. (Squalus bar- barus Chierigini MSS.) Name a provisional substitute for Caninoa. 320. PETERS (1844). Ueber einent den Lepidosirens annectens verwandten, mit Lungen und Kiemen zugleich versehenen Fisch aus den Sump fen von Quellimane (Rhinocryptis amphibia). Mon. Akad. Berlin. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters (1815-1883). Rhinocryptis Peters, 414; orthotype R. amphibia Peters = Lepidosiren annectens Owen. A synonym of Protopterus Owen. 320A. REUSS (1844). Geognostische Skizzen aus Bohmen. August Emanuel von Reuss (1811-1873). Thaumaturus Reuss, II, 264; orthotype T. furcatus Reuss (fossil). An extinct form of trout. 321. RICHARDSON (1844). Description of a Genus of Chinese Fish (Hapa- logenys). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIII. John Richardson. Hapalogenys Richardson, XIII, 463 ; logotype H. nitens Rich. = Pogonias nigri- PINNIS T. & S. 322. RICHARDSON (1844). Description of a New Genus of Gobioid Fish (Channichthys). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. XIII. John Richardson. Channichthys Richardson ; orthotype C. rhinoceratus Rich. Name afterward spelled Ch^enichthys, as dictated by a purist, an unwarranted change. 323. RICHARDSON (1844). Generic Characters of an Undescribed Australian Fish (Patcecus fronto). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIV. John Richardson. Pataecus Richardson, XIV, 280; orthotype P. fronto Rich. 324. RICHARDSON (1844). Ichthyology. (In The Zoology of the Voyage of H.MS. “Sulphur”, Under the Command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, During the Years 1836-42. Edited by R. B. Hinds). John Richardson. Chaeturichthys Richardson, 54; orthotype C. stigmatias Rich. Centridermichthys Richardson, 74; orthotype C. ansatus Rich. = Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel. Replaces Trachidermus Heckel, regarded as preoccupied by Trachyderma. Calloptilum Richardson, 94; orthotype C. mirum Rich. A synonym of Bregma- ceros Cantor. Astronesthes Richardson, 97 ; orthotype A. nigra Richardson. 325. RICHARDSON (1844). The Zoology of the V ovagc of H.M.S. “Erebus and Terror”, Under the Command of Captain Sir J. C. Ross . . . During 1 839-43. Edited by J. Richardson . . . and J. E. Gray. London. John Richardson. Notothenia Richardson, 5; logotype N. coriiceps Rich. Harpagifer Richardson, 11; orthotype Callionymus bispinis Forster. Chaenichthys Richardson, 12; orthotype C. rhinoceratus Rich.; a substitute for Channichthys. Pagetodes Richardson, 15; orthotype (not given a specific name, a cat having run away with the type specimen). TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1844 223 Emmelichthys Richardson, 47 ; orthotype E. nitidus Rich. Cheilobranchus Richardson, 50; logotype C dorsalis Rich. A synonym of Alabes Cuv. Prymnothonus Richardson, 51 ; orthotype P. hookeri Rich. A larval form. Xystophorus Richardson, 52 ; very young of Naucrates. Aleuterius (Cuvier) Richardson, 66; after Alutera (Cuv.) Oken. One of many varied spellings of Alutera, derived from “les Aluteres”, as Alutarius, Aluterus, etc. Alutera has priority. Oxybeles Richardson, 74; orthotype O. homei Rich. A synonym of Carapus (Fierasfer). Molarii (Molarius) Richardson, 79; logotype “Mur^ena ophis” = Echidna nebu- losa (plural form only). A synonym of Echidna Forster. Channo-Muraena Richardson, 96 orthotype Ichthyophis vittatus Rich. Congrus Richardson, 107 ; orhtotype Mur^ena conger L. A variant spelling of Conger. Psammoperca Richardson, 115; orthotype Ps. datnioides Rich. — Labrax waigiensis Cuv. & Val. ; replaces Cnidon M. & T. (1849. Gadopsis Richardson, 122; orthotype G. marmoratus Rich. 326. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1844). Fauna Japonica (part). Coenraad Jacob Temminck; Hermann Schlegel. Chastopterus Temminck & Schlegel, 78; orthotype C. sieboldi Blkr. Name pre¬ occupied ; replaced by Pristipomoides Blkr. Melanichthys Temminck & Schlegel, 75; orthotype Crenidens melanichthys Rich. A synonym of Girella Gray. Ditrema Temminck & Schlegel, 77 ; orthotype D. temmincki Blkr. Hypsinotus Temminck & Schlegel, 84; orthotype H. rubescens Gthr. A synonym of Antigonia Lowe. Scarodon Temminck & Schlegel, 89; logotype S. fasciatus T. & S. A synonym of Oplegnathus Rich., 1840; available if the latter is regarded as pre¬ occupied. 327. VALENCIENNES (1844). Ichthyologie des Ues Canaries , ou Histoire naturelle des poissons, rapportes par MM. Webb & B erthelot. In Webb, Histoire naturelle des ties Canaries. II, 1835-1850. Achille Valenciennes. Nemobrama Valenciennes, 40; orthotype N. webbi Val. = Polymixia nobilis Lowe. A synonym of Polymixia Lowe. Crius Valenciennes, 43 ; orthotype C. bertheloti Val. = Schedophilus medusopha- gus. A synonym of Schedophilus Cocco. Asellus Valenciennes, 76; orthotype Asellus canariensis Val. A synonym of Mora Risso. 1845 328. AGASSIZ (1845). Rapport sur les poissons fossiles de Vargile de Londres. Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci. Louis Agassiz. Rhinocephalus Agassiz, 294; orthotype R. planiceps Ag. (fossil). Name only, noted by Woodward, 1901. Sciaenurus Agassiz, 295; orthotype S. bowerbanki Ag. (fossil) A synonym of Sparnodus. 224 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Pomaphractus Agassiz, 307; orthotype P. egertoni Ag. (fossil); name, only; identification by Woodward, 1901. A synonym of Brych^etus (Ag.) Woodw. Ccelopoma Agassiz, 307; orthotpe C. colei Ag. (fossil); name only; preoccupied (Adams, 1867) and replaced by Eoccelopoma Woodw., 1901. Eurygnathus Agassiz, 307; orthotype E. cavifrons Ag. (fossil). Name only; validated by Woodward, 1901 ; preoccupied and replaced by Esocelops Woodw. Percostoma Agassiz, 307 ; orthotype P. angusta Ag. Name only ; noted by Wood¬ ward, Cat., 519, 1901. Cceloperca Agassiz, 307; orthotype Cceloperca latifrons Ag. (fossil). Name only; noted by Woodward, Cat v IV, 519. Bothrosteus Agassiz, 307; orthotype B. minor Ag. (fossil). Name only, noted by Woodward, Cat., IV, 611, 1901. Calopomus Agassiz, 307; orthotype C. porosus Ag. (fossil), name only. Brachygnathus Agassiz, 307; orthotype B. tenuiceps Ag. (fossil). Name only, noted by Woodward Cat., 1901, 519 ;name preoccupied. Podocephalus Agassiz, 307 orthotype P. nitidus Ag. (fossil). Name only; noted by Woodward, Ca/V 519, 1901. Brychaetus Agassiz, 308; orthotype B. mulleri Ag. (undefined) (fossil) ; first defined by Woodward, 1901. Merlinus Agassiz, 308; orthotype M. cristatus Ag. (fossil), noted by Woodward, 1901. Scombrinus Agassiz, 308; orthotype S. nuchalis Ag. (fossil); name only; vali¬ dated by Woodward, 1901. Phalacrus Agassiz, 308; orthotpe P. cybioides Ag. (fossil); name only; referred by Woodward to synonymy of Eothynnus Woodw. Rhonchus Agassiz, 308; orthotype R. carangoides Ag. (fossil). Name only; explained by Woodward, Cat., IV, 458. A synonym of Eothynnus Woodw. Naupygus Agassiz, 308; orthotype N. bucklandi Ag. (fossil). Name only; noted by Woodward, Cat., 611 (1901). Acestrus Agassiz, 308; orthotype A. ornatus Ag. (fossil). Name only; validated by Woodward, 1901, perhaps to be regarded as preoccupied by Acestra Jardine, 1831. Laparus Agassiz, 308; orthotype L. alticeps Ag. (fossil: name only; discussed by Woodward, 1901). Labrophagus Agassiz, 308; orthotype L. esocinus Ag. (fossil). Name only; noticed by Woodward, Cat., IV, 611, 1901. Loxostomus Agassiz, 308; orthotype L. mancus Ag. (fossil). Name only; noted by Woodward, Cat., IV, 612, 1901. Pachycephlus Agassiz, 308; orthotype P. cristatus Ag. (fossil). Name only; noted by Woodward, Cat., IV, 612, 1901. Most of the foregoing names from Agassiz's list of the Egerton collec¬ tion have been identified from labeled specimens and several have justly come into use as dating, not from 1845, but from their first definition. Wood¬ ward gives the following additional generic names, of which nothing is known, and which, until defined, have no place in the system. Echenus (politus). Gadopsis (breviceps). Phasganus ( declivis ) . Rhipidolepis (elegans). Synophrys (hopei). AGASSIZ, 1845 225 329. AGASSIZ (1845). Monographic dcs poissons fossiles du Vieux Grex Rouge , ou Systema Devonien (Old Red Sandstone) des ties Britanniques et de Russie. Part 2. Louis Agassiz. Diplacanthus Agassiz, 34, 40; orthotype D. striatus Ag. Lamnodus Agassiz, 83; orthotype Dendrodus biporcatus Owen (fossil). A syno nym of Dendrodus. Psammosteus Agassiz, 103; logotype P. mjeandrinus Ag. (fossil). Homacanthus, 113; orthotype H. arcuatus Ag. (fossil). Haplacanthus Agassiz, 114; orthotype H. marginalis Ag. (fossil). Odontacanthus Agassiz, 114; logotype O. crenatus Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Astrolepis. Narcodes Agassiz, 115; orthotype N. pustulifer Ag. (fossil). A supposed synonym of Astrolepis. Byssacanthus Agassiz, 116; orthotype B. crenulatus Ag. (fossil). Naulas Agassiz, 116; orthotype N. sulcatus Ag. (fossil). Climatius Agassiz, 119; orthotype C. reticulatus (Ag. fossil). Cosmacanthus Agassiz, 120; orthotype C. malcolmsoni Ag. (fossil). Parexus Agassiz, 120; orthotype P. incurvus Ag. (fossil). Homothorax Agassiz, 134; orthotype H. flemingi Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Bothriolepis. Chelyophorus Agassiz, 135; orthotype C. verneuili Ag. (fossil). Actinolepis Agassiz, 141; orthotype A. tuberculatus Ag. (fossil). A supposed synonym of Astrolepis. Stagonolepis Agassiz (not quoted by Woodward; referred to the Dipterini). 330. BLEEKER (1845). Bijdragen tot geneeskunde topographic van Batavia. Generisch oversicht der fauna. II, 1845. Arch. Nederl. Indie. Pieter Bleeker (1819-1878). Pinjalo Bleeker, II, 251 (1845) ; orthotype Cesio pinjalo Blkr. = P. typus Blkr. Heterodon Bleeker, 323 ; orthotype H. zonatus Blkr. Name preoccupied in ser¬ pents; replaced by Heterognathodon Blkr., 1848. Mesopristes Bleeker, 523 ; orthotype M. macracanthus Blkr. ; a synonym of Datnia Cuv. & Val. 331. BONAPARTE (1845). Catalogo metodico dei pcsci Europci. Atti Sci. Ital. (Reprint as a separate volume, Naples, 1846.) Carlo L. Principe Bonaparte. Some of the names here used may have occurred in other papers of 1844 and 1845. Glaucostegus Bonaparte, 14; orthotype G. cemiculus Bon. (‘‘Rhina rhinobatus Shaw = Rh. cemiculus Geoff roy.”) A synonym of Rhinobatus. Acanthias Bonaparte, 15; orthotype Squalus acanthias L. A. vulgaris Bon. same as Acanthias Risso. A synonym of Squalus L., as restricted. Lepidorhinus Bonaparte, 16; orthotpe Squalus squamosus Broussonnet. Scymnorhinus Bonaparte, 16; orthotype S. lichia. Replaces Scymnus Cuv., pre¬ occupied. Spinax Bonaparte, 16; tautotype Squalus spinax L. Same as Spinax Cuv. A synonym of Etmopterus Raf. Sterledus Bonaparte, 21 ; orthotype Acipenser ruthenus Bon. Same as Sterleta Giildenstadt. 226 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Cenisophius Bonaparte, 29; orthotype Leuciscus pauperum Bon. Replaces Leucos Heckel, preoccupied in birds, as Leucus. Gardonus Bonaparte, 29; orthotype Leuciscus decipiens A g. A synonym of Cenisophius. Pigus Bonaparte, 29; tautotype Cyprinus pigus Cloquet. Apparently a synonym of Cenisophius. Cephalus Bonaparte, 30; orthotype Cyprinus cephalus L. Name preoccupied; a synonym of Leuciscus Cuv. Microlepis Bonaparte, 30; no diagnosis; orthotype M. turskyi Bon. A synonym of Leuciscus Cuv. Hegerius Bonaparte, 31; orthotype Scardinius hegeri Bon., Hegerius typus Bon. An ally of Telestes; the name later spelled Heegerius. Scardinius Bonaparte, 31 ; logotype Leuciscus scardafa Bon. Pollachius (Nilsson) Bonaparte 45; orthotype Gadus pollachus L. = Gadus virens L. Coccolus Bonaparte, 47 ; orthotype C. annectens Bon., a substitute for Krohnius Cocca (K. flamentosus, which is the larva of the Macrurid, Ccelorhynchus, Giorna). Cynoglossa Bonaparte, 48; orthotype Pleuronectes cynoglossus L. A syno¬ nym of Cynicoglossus Bon., not Cynglossus Ham. Plagusia Bonaparte, 51 ; orthotype Plagusia lactea Bon. A substitute for Plagusia Cuv., preoccupied. A synonym of Symphurus Raf. Scorpichthes Bonaparte, 62; logotype Coitus scorpius L., in plural form only. A synonym of Myoxocephalus Stellar. Gastronemus (Cocco) Bonaparte, 68; orthotype Pharopteryx benoiti Riippell. Name preoccupied. A synonym of Mora Risso. Tinimogaster (Cocco) Bonaparte, 68; no definition; quoted by Bonaparte in con¬ nection with Gastronemus Cocco. A synonym of Mora Risso, apparently a substitute for Gastronemus, preoccupied. Selenia Bonaparte, 75; orthotype Caranx luna Geoffroy St. Hilaire == Scomber guara Bonnaterre. Apparently replaces Uraspis Blkr. 332. BRODIE (1845). (Fossil Insects.) Peter Bellinger Brodie. Oxygonius (Agassiz) Brodie, 16; orthotype O. tenuis Ag. (fossil). Young fishes, indeterminable. Ceramurus (Egerton) Brodie, 17; orthotype C. macrocephalus Egert. (fossil). 333. COSTA (1845). ( Fossil Fishes .) Atti Acad. Pontan. Napoli. Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Megastoma Costa, V, 287; orthotype M. apenninum Costa (fossil). A synonym of Leptolepis. 334. KROYER (1845). Icelus Hamatus. Naturhist. Tidsskr., I. Henrik Nicolaj Kroyer (1799-1870). Icelus Kroyer, I, 253 ; orthotype I. hamatus Kroyer. Phobetor Kroyer, I, 263; orthotype Cottus tricuspis Reinh. A synonym of Gym- NOCANTHUS Sw. 335. KROYER (1845). Carelophus stromii. Naturhist. Tidsskr., I. Henrik NIcolaj Kroyer. Carelophus Kroyer, I ; orthotype C. strcemi Kroyer. A synonym of Chirolophis Sw. KROYER, 1845 227 336. KROYER (1845). Caracanthus typicus. Naturhist. Tidsskr., I. Henrik Nicola j Kroyer. Caracanthus Kroyer, I, 267 ; orthotype C. typicus Kroyer = Micropus maculatus Gray. Replaces Micropus Gray, preoccupied, 337. KROYER (1845). Ceratis hollbolli. Naturhist. Tidsskr., I. Henrik Nicolaj Kroyer. Ceratias Kroyer, I, 639; orthotype C. hollbolli Kroyer. 338. MCCLELLAND (1845). Description of Four Species of Fishes from the Rivers at the Foot of the Boutan Mountains. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, V, 1840, 272, 282. John McClelland. Ctenops McClelland, V, 281 ; orthotype C. nobilis McCl. A synonym of Osphro- menus Lac. 339. MULLER & TROSCHEL (1845). Horce Ichthyologies. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer Fische ; die Familie Characinen. I. Berlin. Johannes Muller: Franz Hermann Troschel. Distichodus Muller & Troschel, I, 12; orthotype Salmo niloticus Hasselquist = Characinus nefasch Lac. Agoniates Muller & Troschel, I, 19; haplotype Agoniates halecinus M & T. Cnidon Muller & Troschel, I, 21; orthotype Cnidon chinensis M. & T. 340. OWEN (1845). Odontography. Richard Owen. Pisodus (Agassiz) Owen, 138; orthotype P. oweni Ag. (fossil). An ally of Al- bula Gronow. 341. RICHARDSON (1845). Generic Characters of Gasteroschisma melampus, a Fish which Inhabits Port Nicholson , New Zealand. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,, XV. John Richardson. Gasteroschisma Richardson, 346; orthotype G. melampus Rich. 342. RICHARDSON (1845). Report on the Ichthyology of the Seas of China and Japan. Rept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. John Richardson. Ilisha (Gray) Richardson, 306; haplotype Ilisha abnormis Gray = Alosa elongata Bennett. Replaces Pellona Cuv. & Val., and Zunasia Jordan & Thompson. 343. SOUTH (1845). Encyclopdia Metropolitana. (Edition for 1845.) John Flint South. Thunnus South, V, 620; orthotype Scomber thynnus L. A substitute for Thyn- nus Cuv., preoccupied in butterfles. 344. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1845). Fauna Japonica (issued in parts). Ccenraad Jacob Temminck; Hermann Schlegel. Erythrichthys Temminck & Schlegel, 1845, 117 ; orthotype E. schlegeli Gthr. Name preoccupied; replaced by Erythrocles Jordan, 1919. Scombrops Temminck & Schlegel, 118; orthotype S. cheilodipteroides Blkr. = Scomber boops Houttuyn. Dictyosoma Temminck & Schlegel, 139; brthotype D. burgeri Van der Hoeven. Cirrhilabrus Temminck & Schlegel, 167 ; orthotype C. temmincki Blkr. 228 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 1846 345. AGASSIZ (1846). Nomenclator Zoologicus. Pisces. Louis Agassiz. Hypeneus Agassiz, 190 ; logotype Mullus bifasciatus Lac. A corrected spelling of Upeneus. 346. AGASSIZ (1846). Nomen manuscriptum in diversis museo usnrpatum. Nomina systematica generum piscium, tarn viventium quam fossilium. Addenda to Nomenclator Zoologicus. Pisces. Louis Agassiz. The three names which follow occur in the Nomenclator Zoologicus as manuscript names used by Agassiz on labels in different museums. They have no place in the system. Glaphyrodus Agassiz, Addenda, 3; species not named (same as Oxyrhina). A synonym of Isurus Raf. Holodus Agassiz, Addenda, 3 ; species not named. A synonym of Heptranchias (Notidanus). Oroptychus Agassiz, Addenda, 4 species not named (“Cestraciontes”). Toxophorus. This name is given by Agassiz, page 63, with no indication as to its author. 347. BIBRON (1846). Revue Zoologique. Gabriel Bibron (1806-1848). Chilomycterus Bibron, 40; logotype Diodon reticulatus L. 348. BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE (1846). Note sur le groupe des Gobiesoces. Rev. Zool. Charles N. F. Brisout de Barneville (1823-1893). Tomicodon Brisout de Barneville, 144; orthotype T. chilensis Barn. A synonym of Sicyases M. & T. Sicyogaster Brisout de Barneville, 144; orthotype Gobiesox marmoratus Jenyns. Name preoccupied; replaced by Gill. Chorisochismus Brisout de Barneville, 209; orthotype C. nudus Barn. = Cyclop- TERUS DENTEX PallaS. 349. BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE (1846). Note sur le nouveau genre de la famille des Discoboles (Trachelochismus). Rev. Zool. Charles N. F. Brisout de Barneville. Trachelochismus Brisout de Barneville, 214; orthotype Cyclopterus pinnulatus Forster. 350. COSTA (1846). Fauna del regno di Napoli, ossia enumerazione di tutti gli animali che abitano le diverse regioni di questo regno e le acque che le bag- nano, etc. Vol. III. Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Cynoponticus Costa, pi. 28; orthotype C. ferox Costa = Conger savanna Cuv. 351. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1846). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XVIII, 1835. Achille Valenciennes. Grundulus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVIII, 216; haplotype Fundulus bogotensis Humboldt. Eigenmann identifies this with Characin, Ctenocharax bogo¬ tensis Regan, 1907. Orestias Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVIII, 221 ; logotype Orestias cuvieri Val. EICHWALD, 1846 229 Vastres Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIX, 433; orthotype Vastres cuvieri Val. = Sudis gigas Cuv. Same as Sudis Cuv., preoccupied by Sums Raf., 1810; replaced by Arapaima M. & T., 1846. Heterotis (Ehrenberg MS.) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIX, 465; orthotype Heterotis ehrenbergi Val. I do not find that Ehrenberg had published this name else¬ where. A synonym of Clupisudis Sw. Lebiasina Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIX, 531 ; haplotype Lebiasina bimaculata Val. Pyrrhulina Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIX, 534; haplotype P. filamentosa Val. 352. EICHWALD (1846). Geognosy of Russia (in Russian). Reproduced in 1860 in Lethcea Rossica. Carl Eduard von Eichwald. Aulacosteus Eichwald; logotype (in 1860) A. cochleariformis Eichw. Same as Ptyctodus Pander and, if eligible, of prior date. 353. KEYSERLING (1846). Reise in das Petchoraland im Jahre 1843. Alexander von Keyserling. Dimeracanthus Keyserling, 292b; orthotype D. concentricus Keyserling (fossil). 354. KROYER (1846). (Danmarks Fiske.) Henrik Nikolaj Kroyer. Acantholepis Kroyer, III, 98; orthotype Argentina silus. A synonym of Silus Reinhardt and probably of Argentina L. 355. LOWE (1846). On a New Genus of the Family Lophiidce (les Pectorales pediculees, Cuv.) Discovered in Madeira. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, XIV. Richard Thomas Lowe. Chaunax Lowe, III, 339; orthotype C. pictus Lowe. 356. MEYER (1846). Geologie von Jena. Schmidt und Schleiden. Hermann von Meyer. Tholodus Meyer, I, 199; orthotype T. schmidti Meyer (fossil). Undetermined; perhaps an Asterodon, perhaps a reptile. 357. MULLER (1846). (Arapaima.) Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. Johannes Muller. Arapaima Muller; haplotype Sudis gigas Cuv. Replaces Sudis Cuv., preoccupied, and Vastres Cuv. & Val. of the same year but of later date, as Valenciennes quotes Arapaima. 358. MUNSTER (1846). Ueber die im Korallenkalk des Lindner Berges bei Hannover vorcommenden Ueberreste von Fischen, etc. Beitrage zur Petre- facten-Kunde. Georg Munster. Radamas Munster, VII, 11, 28; orthotype Asima jugleri Giebel (fossil). Same as Asima Giebel and of prior date. 359. NORWOOD & OWEN (1846). Description of a New Fossil Fish from the Palceozoic Rocks of Indiana. Amer. Journ. Sci., I. Joseph Granville Norwood; David Dale Owen. Macropetalichthys Norwood & Owen, I, 371 ; orthotype M. rapheidolabis Nor¬ wood & Owen (fossil). 230 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 359A. RICHARDSON (1846). Stokes: Discoveries in Australia. John Richardson. Assiculus Richardson, 492; orthotype A. punctatus Rich. A synonym of Pseudo- chromis Riippell. 360. PETERS (1846). Ueber eine neue Gattung von Labyrinthfischen . . . aus Quellimane. Arch. Anat. Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters. Ctenopoma Peters, 481 ; orthotype C. multispinis Peters. 361. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1846). Fauna Japonica (part). Coenraad Jacob Temminck; Hermann Schlegel. Plecoglossus Temminck & Schlegel, 229; orthotype P. altivelis T. & S. Ateleopus Temminck & Schlegel, 255 ; orthotype A. japonicus Blkr. Name pre¬ occupied as Atelopus; replaced by Podateles Boulenger. 362. TSCHUDI (1846). Untersuchungen iiber die Fauna Peruana. Johann Jacob Tschudi (1818-1882). Cheilotrema Tschudi, 13; orthotype C. fasciatum Tschudi. Chsetostoma (Heckel) Tschudi, 25; orthotype C. loborhynchus Heckel. Said to be thus originally written by Heckel; spelled Ch,etostomus by Kner (1854) and by subsequent writers. Discopyge Tschudi, 32; orthotype D. tschudii Tschudi. 363. VALENCIENNES (1846). Nouvelles observations stir I’Eremophilus. Recueil d’Observ. Zook, II. Achille Valenciennes. Trichomycterus Valenciennes, 347; orthotype T. nigricans Humboldt, 1811. Same as Thrycomycterus. 1847 364. BLEEKER (1847). Siluroideorum bataviensium conspectus diagnosticus. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXI. Pieter Bleeker. Ketengus Bleeker, 9; orthotype K. typus Blkr. Osteogeneiosus Bleeker, XXI, 49; orthotype O. macrocephalus Bleeker. Batrachocephalus Bleeker, XXI, 158, 375 ; orthotype B. micropogon Blkr. 365. BLEEKER (1847). Pharyngognathorum Siluroideorumque species novce Javanenses. Nat & Geneesk. Arch. Neder.-Indie, IV. Pieter Bleeker. Choerodon Bleeker, 10; orthotype Labrus macrodontus Lac. Replaces Chcerops Riippell, 1852; later written Choirodon. 366. BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE (1847) . Note sur le genre Centropristis Cuvier. Rev. Zool. Charles N. F. Brisout de Barneville. Homodon Brisout de Barneville, 133; logotype Centropristis georgianus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Arripis Jenyns. Myriodon Brisout de Barneville, 133; orthotype Centropristis scorp^enoides Cuv. Sc Val. = Scorpajna waigiensis Q. & G. A synonym of Centrogenys. PRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE, 1847 231 367. BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE (1847). Note sur un nouveau genre d’Anguilliformes. Rev. Zool. Charles N. F. Brxsout de Barneville. Ichthyapus Brisout de Barneville, 219; orthotype I. acutirostris Barn. A syno¬ nym of Sphagebranchus Bloch. 368. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1847). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XX. Achille Valenciennes. Sardinella Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX 261 ; logotype Sardinella aurita Val. Harengula Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 277 ; logotype Harengula latulus Val. (said to be from France, but apparently an American species, not the French “Blanquette”, which is reputed to be the sprat (Spratella sprattus) tide Cligny). Pellona Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 300; logotype Pellona orbignyana Val. = Pristigaster flavipinnis Val. A synonym of Ilisha Gray (1846). Rogenia Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 340; haplotype Rogenia alba Val. Young of Clupea L. (“Whitebait”). Clupeonia Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 345; logotype Clupeonia jussieui Val. Very near Harengula Cuv. & Val. Spratella Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 356 ; logotype Spratella pumila Val. Young of Clupea sprattus L. Kowala Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 362; logotype Kowala albella Cuv. & Val. Very close to Clupeonia, if not identical with it. Meletta Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 366; type Meletta vulgaris Val. (young of Spratella sprattus). A synonym of Spratella Cuv. & Val. Alausa Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 389 ; type Alausa vulgaris = Clupea alosa L. A variant spelling of Alosa Cuv. Dussumieria Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 467 ; haplotype Dussumieria acuta Val. 369. EGERTON (1847). On the Nomenclature of the Fossil Chimceroid Fishes. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., III. Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton. Dictyopyge Egerton, III, 276; orthotype Catopterus macrurus Egert. (fossil). Ischypterus Egerton, III, 277; orthotype F. latus Egert. (fossil). A synonym of Semionotus. 370. GIEBEL (1847). Vier neue Fische aus dem dunkeln Kreide-S chief er von Glarus. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Christoph Gottfried Andreas Giebel (1820-1881). Palymphyes Giebel, 666; logotype P. crassus Giebel. Pachygaster Giebel, 667; orthotype P. spinosus Giebel (fossil). 371. GIEBEL (1847). Fauna der Vorwelt . . . monographisch dargestellt. Christoph Gottfried Andreas Giebel. Centrodus Giebel, 344; orthotype C. acutus Giebel (fossil). Chilodus Giebel, I, 352; orthotype (not named in Woodward). A tooth of dubious nature. Oxytes Giebel, 364; orthotype O. obliqua Giebel (fossil). A fossil homologue of Carcharias Raf., Odontaspis Ag. 23 2 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 372. GUICHENOT (1847). Notice sur un nouveau genre de Percoides (Pomanotis). Rev. Zool., X. Alphonse Guichenot. Pomanotis Guichenot, 390; orthotype P. rubescens Guich. A genus not since recognized. The type P. rubescens was brought by Dussumier from Alipey,* a locality I do not find on the maps, but evidently in India or eastward. The genus is not related to Eucentrarchhle, as its author suggests, but belongs probably to the Nandhle (D. XIV, 14. A III, 9) near Pristolepis (Catopra). 373. KNER (1847). Ueber die beiden Arten Cephalaspis lloydii und C ^ lewisii Agassis , und einige diesen zundchst stehenden Schalenreste. Naturwiss. Abh., I. Rudolf Kner. Pteraspis Kner, I, 165; orthotype Cephalaspis lewisi Ag. (fossil). 374. MEYER (1847). Palceontographica. Hermann von Meyer. Tylodus Meyer, I, 102; orthotype T. glaber Meyer (fossil). 375. MEYER (1847). V orlaudge Uebersicht der in dem Muschelkalk Ober- Schlesiens vorkommenden Saurier, Fische, Crustaceen und Echinodermen, nach der Sammlung des Herrn Mentzel in Konigshutte. Uebersicht Schles. Ges. Breslau. Hermann von Meyer. Omphalodus Meyer, 574; orthotype O. chorzowensis Meyer (fossil). A synonym of Asterodon. 376. PLIENINGER (1847). Microlestes antiquus und Sargodon tomicus in der Grenzenbreccie des Keupers von Degerloch. Jahresschr. Ver. Vaterl. Naturk. Wiirttemberg. Wilhelm Heinrich Theodor von Plieninger. Sargodon Plieninger, III, 165; orthotype S. tomicus Plieninger (fossil). 377. WOOD (1847). Description of a Species of Shark (Leiodon echinatutn). Proc. Boston Nat. Hist. Soc., II. William Wood. Leiodon Wood, 174; orthotype L. echinatum Wood. Name preoccupied; a syn¬ onym of Somniosus Le Sueur. 1848 378. AGASSIZ (1848). Two New Fishes from Lake Superior, Percopsis and Rhinichthys. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., III. Louis Agassiz. Percopsis Agassiz, 80 ; haplotype Percopsis guttatus Ag. = Salmo omiscomaycus Walbaum (1792). Also in Lake Superior, 1850, 284. Rhinichthys Agassiz, 80; haplotype Cyprinus atronasus Mitchill. Also in Lake Superior, 1850, 353. * Alipey is probably the same as Alleppi or Allapalli, a seaport of Travancore in southern India, 33 miles south of Cochin. BEYRICH, 1848 233 379. BEYRICH (1848). Ueber Xenacanthus decheni und Holacanthodes gra¬ cilis, zwei Fische aus der Formation des Rothliegenden in Nord-Deutschland. Archiv. f. Mineral., XXII. Heinrich Ernst Beyrich (1815-1896). Xenacanthus Beyrich, 24; orthotype Orthacanthus decheni Goldfuss (fossil). Regarded as a synonym of Orthacanthus Ag. (Pleuracanthus). Holacanthodes Beyrich, 24; orthotype H. gracilis Beyr. (fossil). A synonym of Acanthoessus and of Acanthodes. 380. BLEEKER (1848). A Contribution to the Ichthyology of Sumbawa. Journ. Ind. Arch. IX, 1848. Pieter Bleeker. Heterognathodon Bleeker, I, 101 ; orthotype H. bifasciatus Blkr., a substitute for Heterodon, preoccupied. A synonym of Pentapus Cuv. & Val. 381. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1848). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XXI. Achille Valenciennes. Fario Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXI, 277 ; tautotype Salmo fario L. = Salmo argen- teus Val. Same as Trutta L., a subgenus of Salmo. Salar Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXI, 314; type Salar ausonii Val., a form or ally of Salmo fario L. A synonym of Fario Val. and Trutta L. 382. DANA (1848). Fossils of the Exploring Expedition Under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N.; a Fossil Fish from Australia, and a Belemnite from Tierra del Fuego. Amer. Journ. Sci., V. James Dwight Dana (1813-1895). Urosthenes Dana, V, 433; orthotype U. australis Dana (fossil). 383. EWALD (1848). Ueber Menaspis, eine neue fossile Fischgattung. Ber. Akad Wiss. Berlin. August Ewald. Menaspis Ewald, 83; orthotype M. armata Ewald (fossil). 384. GIEBEL (1848). Die Fische der Vorwelt in seiner Beriicksichtigung der lebenden Fische. Christoph Gottfried Andreas Giebel. Tharsis Giebel, 145; orthotype T. germari Giebel (fossil). A synonym of Lepto- lepis. Asima Giebel, 184; orthotype A. jugleri Giebel (fossil). A synonym of Radamas Munster. Elonichthys Giebel, 249; logotype E. germari Giebel (fossil). 385. GISTEL (1848). Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs fur hohere Schulen. \ Johannes Gistel. A remarkable dull and confused publication, not hitherto noticed by ichthyologists. Gistel speaks feelingly of his “hochst miihsamer Ver- gleichung, zeitraubenden Nachschlagens, in vielen hundert Werken, etc., aus meinen Manuscripten aufzufiihren”. It is not often that so fatiguing a piece of work presents itself in such a crabbed form. Gistel insists that personal names of genera are allowable only in Botany and in the lowest classes of animals (“den niedrigsten Thierklassen”)- The following may replace names actually preoccupied : Abron instead of Platystoma. 234 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Dapalis instead of Smerdis. Enixe instead of Drepane. Hypodytes instead of Paracentropogon. Notacmon instead of Eurynotus. Odonus instead of Xenodon (Erythrodon). Periurgus instead of Microps. Proscinetes instead of Microdon. Secutor instead of Deveximentum. Strephon instead of Brontes. Strotes instead of Platysomus. The following are also admissible if a name differing in gender or slightly in form but from the same roots as an earlier name is to be rejected as preoccupied : Analithis instead of Platyrhina. Alazon instead of Pcecilia. Englottogaster instead of Oreinus. Furo instead of Eugnathus. Myrmillo instead of Mustelus. Prenes instead of Scatophagus. Rhadamista instead of Ctenodus. Scropha instead of Ceratodus. Pedites instead of Macropodus. The twice preoccupied name of Undina Gistel, IX, is offered as a sub¬ stitute for Linkia Nardo, said to be a fish, Linkia typus Nardo, preoccupied by Linckia Ag., a genus of Echinoderms, for which he offers the substitute name of Catantes. But both Linkias are starfishes and neither a fish. Another generic name, Phygas Gistel, X, is proposed in place of Polia (Della Chiaje, Isis , 1832, 647, Sceena), said to be preoccupied in worms, by Polia Grube, which genus Gistel renames Cyryx, But I am informed by Mr. Bean that Polia sipunculus Della Chiaje is itself a worm also, not a fish. Carcharias Gistel, VIII ; type Squalus acanthias L. ; substitute for Acanthias Risso, regarded as- preoccupied by Acanthia. Carcharias was already twice preoccupied. A synonym of Squalus L., as restricted. Pelonectes Gistel, VIII; type (Acanthoessus bronni Ag.). Substitute for Acanthodes Ag. (1833), wrongly said to be preoccupied in Crustacea (Ser- ville, 1835). A synonym of Acanthoessus Ag. (1832). Gremilla Gistel, VIII; type (Perca cernua L.). A substitute for Acerina Cuv. ; but Cernua Schafer and Acerina Giildenstadt, as well as Gymnocephalus Bloch & Schneider are still older than Gremilla. Adiapneustes Gistel, VIII; type (Acrodus gaillardoti Ag.). A substitute for Acrodus Ag. (1838), wrongly regarded as preoccupied by Acrodon Zimmer- mann (1840). Histiodromus Gistel, VIII; type (Salmo anostomus L.). Name a substitute for Anastomus Gronow, Scopoli, Cuvier. All these writers have priority over Anastomus Uliger (1835), a genus of birds. The name has often been written Anostomus. Nomalus Gistel, VIII; type Lonchurus ancylodon Bl. & Schn. (A jaculidens Cuv. & Val.) Substitute for Ancylodon, preoccupied. A synonym of Macrodon Schinz (1822). GISTEL, 1848 235 Hypodytes Gistel, VIII ; orthotype “Aspistes Q. & G.”, which is Apistus longis- pinis Cuv. & Val. The name is a substitute for Apistes (“Aspistes”) regarded as preoccupied. As the species of Quoy & Gaimard (1834) (longispinis) is the type of Paracentropogon Blkr., Hypodytes may supersede that name, rather than replace it by Prosopodasys Cantor (1849). Gistel offers Hypodytes as a substitute for “Aspistes Quoy, Astrolabe Fische,>> although Apistes occurs in the Regne Animal, 1829 (Index), and Apistus in Cuv. & Val., IV, also in 1829, in the latter part of the same year. As Hypodytes is expressly used to replace Aspistus (not Aspistes) of Quoy & Gaimard and as the chief species figured by those authors is A. longispinis, the type of the later genus Paracentropogon, Hypodytes may replace the latter, if Apistes or Apistus is deemed occupied. Scrofaria Giestel, VIII ; orthotype Ausonia cuvieri Risso. Name an unexplained substitute for Ausonia ; a synonym of Luvarus Raf. Gliscus Gistel, VIII; type (Blochius longirostris Volta) (fossil). A substitute for Blochius, a personal name. Strephon Gistel, VIII; orthotype (Brontes prenadilla (Cuv. & Val.). A sub¬ stitute for Brontes Cuv. & Val. several times preocupied. Thalassoklephtes Gistel, VIII; orthotype (Caninoa chiereghini Nardo). A substitute for Caninoa Nardo, as a genus unworthy of a prince : “1st denn der Prinz von Canino mit einem Hayen vergleichbar ?” Scropha Gistel, VIII; type (Ceratodus latissimus Ag.) (fossil). A substitute for Ceratodus, regarded as preoccupied by Ceratodon Brisson. Capellaria Gistel, VIII; type (Lophius commersonianus Lac.). Substitute for Chironectes Cuv., preoccupied. A synonym of Antennarius Cuv. Caeso Gistel, VIII; type (Sparus berda Forskal). A substitute for “Chrysopeirys RiippeH” (berda). A synonym of Sparus L. as understood by me. Cerdo Gistel, VIII; type (Gadus callarias L.) as here restricted. Cerdo is offered as a substitute for “Asellus Klein.” But Klein does not accept Asellus as a generic name, but discusses its application to various cod-like fishes. He refers to “Cerdones” in a discussion of dried codfish. We may therefore regard Cerdo Gistel as a synonym of Gadus L. Echemythes Gistel, VIII; type (Zeus luna Gmelin). A substitute for Chryso- tosus Lac. A synonym of Lampris. Ronchifex Gistel, VIII; type (Harpe rufa Lac.), substitute for Cossyphus Cuv., preoccupied; Bodianus Bloch and Harpe Lac. are names still older for the same genus. Rhadamisita Gistel, VIII; type (Ctenodus cristatus Ag. (fossil). A substitute for Ctenodus Ag. (1838) regarded as preoccupied by Ctenodon Wagner (1830). Pirene Gistel, IX; type (Ch^etodon aruanus L.). Substitute for Dascylius; preoccupied as Dascillus ; Pirene is itself preoccupied and gives way to Tetradrachmum Cantor, 1849. Enixe Gistel, IX; type Ch^jtodon punctatus L.). A substitute for Drepane Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Drepane or Drepana Schranck. It has priority over Harpochirus Cantor (1849). Secutor Gistel, IX; orthotype Sparus insidiator (Bloch). A substitute for Equula Cuv., but with a different type. Has priority over Deveximentum Fowler, if this subgenus is distinct from Leiognathus Lac. 236 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Furo Gistel, IX; type (Eugnathus orthostomus A g. fossil). Substitute for Eugnathus Ag. regarded as preoccupied by Eugnatha, a genus of spiders. Notacmon Gistel, IX; type (Eurynotus crenatus Ag. fossil). Substitute for Eurynotus Ag., preoccupied by a genus of beetles (Kirby, 1817). Podager Gistel, IX; logotype Gerres waigiensis Q. & G. Name a substitute for Gerres, regarded as preoccupied by Gerris Fabricius, a genus of insects. But Podager is itself preoccupied in birds, and if a new name is needed, it must give place to Catoch^num Cantor (1849). But the root words, Gerris and Gerres, are different. Synergus Gistel, IX; orthotype (Megalurus lepidotus Ag. fossil). A substitute for Megalurus Ag. preoccupied in mammals, but Synergus is preoccupied also by Synergus Hartig, 1840, a genus of Hymenoptera, and Megalurus may be replaced by Urocles Jordan as already indicated. Ellops Gistel, IX, type (Acipenser helops Pallas). A substitute for Helops, being the original Greek form. Apeches Gistel, IX; logotype Johnius, carutta Bl. & Schn. A substitute for Johnius, a name regarded as objectionable. In general Gistel offers a sub¬ stitute for all personal names everywhere except among plants and the lowest animals. Neanis Gistel, IX; type (Labrus julis L.). Name a substitute for Julis Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Julus L., a genus of myriapods. But the two names are of entirely distinct origin. Exoles Gistel, IX; type (Squalus nasus Bonnaterre). A substitute for Lamia Bon., itself a synonym of Lamna Cuv. Apepton Gistel, IX ; orthotype Lepadogaster piger Nardo. A needless synonym of Gouania Nardo, a personal name. Anepistomon Gistel, IX; type (Leptorynchus capensis Smith). A substitute for Leptorhynchus Smith, preoccupied. A synonym of Ophisurus, as restricted. Spanius Gistel, IX; type (Leptosoma atra Nardo). Name a substitute for Lepto- soma, preoccupied ; probably a synonym of Monochirus Raf. “Soglio bastardo”. Encrotes Gistel, IX; type Cyprinodon variegatus Lac. A substitute for Lebia or Lebias Cuv. on account of the name Lebia Latreille, 1802, an earlier name wrongly attributed to Bonaparte. But Lebia Cuv. (later written Lebias) is a synonym of Cyprinodon Lac. Maina Gitsel, IX; type (Sparus chcerorhynchus Bl. & Schn.). Name a substitute for Lethrinus Cuv. unreasonably regarded as preoccupied by Lethrus Fabricius, a genus of beetles. Massaria Gistel, IX ; type Cyclopterus liparis L. A needless substitute for Liparis, used in Botany. Pedites Gistel, IX (Macropodus viridiauratus Lac.). Name a substitute for Macropodus Lac. corrected by Gunther as Macropus, in that form preoccu¬ pied by Macropus Thunberg, a genus of beetles. Perhaps to be adopted as the roots are the same and Macropodus an incorrect form. Paschalestes Gistel, IX ; type (Macquaria australasica Cuv. & Val. Substitute for Macquaria Cuv. & Val., rejected, as a personal name. Englottogaster Gistel, IX ; type Oreinus guttatus McCl. Substitute for Oreinus McCl., regarded as preoccupied in beetles as Oreina. But the generic value of Oreinus is doubtful. GISTEL, 1848 237 Proscinetes Gistel, X; type Microdon elegans Ag. (fossil). Substitute for Microdon Ag., preoccupied; replaces Polypsephis Hay, 1899, which is also a substitute for Microdon. Periergus Gistel, X; type Microps furcatus Ag. (fossil). A substitute for Microps Ag., preoccupied in beetles. Arnion Gistel, X; type (Mugil cephalus L.). A substitute for Mugil L. for no assigned reason. Myrmillo Gistel, X; orthotype Mustelus vulgaris. A substitute for Mustelus Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Mustela L. Same as Pleuracromylon Gill. Analithis Gistel, X; orthotype Platyrhina sinensis (Bl. & Schn.). Substitute for Platyrhina M. & H., regarded as preoccupied by Platyrhinus, replaced by Discobatus Garman (1881). Strotes Gistel, X; ,type (Stromateus gibbosus Blainv.). Name a substitute for Platysomus Ag. preoccupied by a genus of beetles. Abron Gistel, X; orthotype Silurus lima Ag. A substitute for Platystoma Ag., 1829, preoccupied in insects. Plectrostoma Gistel, X; type Oxyrhina mantelli Ag. (fossil). Substitute for Oxyrhina Ag., preoccupied. A synonym of Isurus Raf. Euporista Gistel, X ; type Pleuronectes plagiusa L. A substitute for Plagusia Bon., preoccupied ; a synonym of Symphurus Raf. Deportator Gistel, X; type (Silurus anguillaris Forskal). Name a substitute for Plotosus Lac., needlessly regarded as preoccupied by Plotus L. Alazon Gistel, X; orthotype (Pcecilia vivipara). A substitute for Pcecilia Cuv. & Val., regarded as preoccupied by Pcecilus Bon., a beetle. Apodometes Gistel, X; type (Psammodus rugosus Ag., fossil). A substitute for Psammodus Ag. regarded as preoccupied by Psammodius, a genus of beetles, but the words are not from the same roots. Demiurga Gistel, X; type (Rhina ancylostoma Bl. & Schn.). A substitute for Rhina Bon., etc., regarded as preoccupied by Rhina Olivier (1807), a genus of beetles. But this genus of rays was called Rhina in 1801, by Bloch & Schneider. The same name was used by non-Linnsean writers in place of Squatina. For this purpose it was first binomially used in 1810. If Rhina is used for Squatina, Demiurga could replace it for this genus, instead of Rhamphobatis Gill (1861). Prenes Gistel, X; type (Ch^etodon argus Bloch). Name a substitute for Sca- tophagus Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Scatophaga. Has priority over Cacodoxus Cantor, 1849. Agoreion Gistel, X; type Acanthoderma spinosum Ag. (fossil). Name a sub¬ stitute for “Scleroderma Ag.”, used in fungi, also as Sclerodermus in bees, but I find no Scleroderma in Agassiz. It was probably the preoccupied name, Acanthoderma Ag., which Gistel had in mind ; for this Agoreion may perhaps be substituted. Creotroctes Gistel, X; type Scomber sarda L. Name an unexplained substitute for Sarda Cuv. It is a synonym of Palamita Bon., offered in 1832 as a substitute for Pelamys Cuv. & Val., 1831, which is the same as Sarda Cuv., 1829. Denius Gistel, X; type (Sparus sargus L.). Name a substitute for Sargus Cuv., preoccupied. A synonym of Diplodus Raf. Borborodes Gistel, X; type (Squalus lichia Cuv., Squalus lichia Bonnaterre). Substitute for Scymnus Cuv., preoccupied in beetles. A synonym of Scym- norhinus Bon., 1846. 238 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Dapalis Gistel, XI; type (Perca minuta Blainv.) (fossil). Name a substitute for Smerdis A g., 1833, preoccupied by Smerdis Leach, a genus of beetles. Peroptera Gistel, XI ; said to be a fish and substituted for Perioptera Gistel, “deleatur”. I find no reference elsewhere to either name. Orthocolus Gistel XI; type Salmo thymallus L. Substitute for Thymallus Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Thymallus Latr., 1803, a genus of beetles. But the root word is different. In any event, Choregon Minding has priority Trompe Gistel, XI, 109; type (Sclena jaculatrix Pallas). Name an unexplained substitute for Toxotes Cuv. Aphobus Gistel, XI; type (Trachidermis fasciatus Heckel). Name a substi¬ tute for Trachidermis Heckel preoccupied as Trachyderma, etc., a synonym of Centridermichthys Rich., 1844. Chaetichthys Gistel, XI; type (Trachinus trichodon Steller)* Name a substitute for Trichodon Cuv., deemed preoccupied by Trichoda and Trichodes, but the root meaning is different. Lithulcus Gistel, XI; type (Trichopodus mentum Lac.). Substitute for Tricho- podus (Trichopus) (Lac.) Cuv. & Val. ; used also in botany. The oldest use of the name in Zoology is that of Lacepede, 1802 (III, 125), a genus of fishes already called (116) Osphronemus by the same author. Odonus Gistel, XI; type (Balistes niger Lac.). A substitute for Xenodon Riip- pell, preoccupied. Odonus is prior to Erythrodon Ruppell, 1852, and to Pyrodon Kaup. If Zenodon Sw. (1839) is regarded as eligible, not as a mere misprint, it will be preferred to Odonus. Eudynama Gistel, XIII, 108; orthotype (Sparus aurata L.). A substitute for Chrysophrys Cuv. A synonym of Sparus L. as restricted. Eupnoea Gistel, 105; orthotype Plagiusa lactea Bon. (Symphurus nigrescens Raf.). A synonym of Symphurus Raf. Melantha Gistel, 109; orthotype Sclena nigra Gmelin, “die Seekrahe”. A need¬ less synonym of Corvina Cuv. Attilus Gistel, 109; orthotype Sclena (cirrhosa L.), “der Schattenfisch”. A needless synonym of Umbrina Cuv. 386. GUICHENOT (1848). Notice sur I’etablissement d’un nouveau genre de Chetodons (Megaprotodon). Rev. Zool., XI. Alphonse Guichenot. Megaprotodon Guichenot 12; orthotype Ch^etodon bifascialis Cuv. & Val. 387. GUICHENOT (1848). Peces de Chile. (In Claudio Gay: Historia fisica y politico de Chile.) Alphonse Guichenot. Boxaodon (Guichenot) Gay, II, 208; orthotype B. cyanescens Guich. An ally of Emmelichthys Rich. Mendosoma (Guichenot) Gay, II, 212; logotype M. lineatum Guich. Seriolella (Guichenot) Gay, II, 238; orthotype S. porosa Guich. Merlus (Guichenot) Gay, II, 238; orthotype M. gayi Guich. Apparently a variant of Merluccius, of which it is a synonym. 388. HECKEL (1848). Eine neue Gattung von Pcecilien wit rochenartigem Anklammerungs-Organe (Xiphophorus). Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wein. Johann Jakob Heckel. Xiphophorus Heckel, I, 163; orthotype X. helleri Heckel. JERDON, 1848 239 389. JERDON (1848). On the Fresh-water Fishes of Southern India. Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., XV. Thomas Claverhill Jerdon (1811-1873). Pristolepis Jerdon, XV, 141 ; orthotype P. marginatus Jerdon. Replaces Cato- pra Blkr. 390. M’COY (1848). On Some New Fossil Fish of the Carboniferous Period. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., II. Frederick M’Coy. Isodus M’Coy, 3; orthotype I. leptognathus M’Coy (fossil). Colonodus M’Coy, II, 5; orthotype C. longidens M’Coy (fossil). Osteoplax M’Coy, II, 6; orthotype O. erosa M’Coy (fossil). 391 M’COY (1848). On Some New Ichthyolites from the Scotch Old Red' Sandstone. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., II. Frederick M’Coy. Physonemus M’Coy, II, 117; orthotype P. arcuatus M’Coy (fossil). Erismacanthus M’Coy, II, 118; orthotype E. jonesi M’Coy (fossil). Asteroptychius (Agassiz) M’Coy, II, 118; orthotype A. ornatus (Ag.) M’Coy (fossil). Name only, in Poissons fossiles, III, 176, 1843; made valid by M’Coy, 1848. Platyacanthus M’Coy, II, 120; orthotype P. isosceles M’Coy (fossil). Name pre¬ occupied. A synonym of Oracanthus Ag. Polyrhizodus M’Coy, II, 125; orthotype P. magnus M’Coy (fossil). Glossodus M’Coy, II, 127; logotype G. lingua-bovis M’Coy (fossil). Not Glos- sodon Raf. Climaxodus M’Coy, II, 128; orthotype C. imbricatus M’Coy (fossil). A synonym of Janassa. Cheirodus M’Coy, II, 130; orthotype C. pes-ranje M’Coy (fossil). Petrodus M’Coy, II, 132; logotype P. patelliformis M’Coy (fossil). Tripterus M’Coy, II, 306; orthotype T. pollexfeni M’Coy (fossil). A synonym of Osteolepis Val. Name preocucpied; replaced by Triplopterus M’Coy (1855). Gyroptychius M’Coy, II, 307; orthotype G. angustus M’Coy (fossil). Conchodus M’Coy, II, 312; orthotype C. ostre.eformis M’Coy (fossil). 392. MULLER (1848). (Fossile Fische.) Reise in den aussersten Nor den und Osten Siberiens wahrend der Jahr 1843-44. Herausgegeben von A. Th. v. Middendorf, I. Johannes Muller. Lycoptera Muller, I, 262; orthotype L. middendorfi Muller (fossil). 393. MtJLLER & TROSCHEL (1848). Reisen in British-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-44. (Im Auftrag Sr. Majestat des IConigs von Preussen ausgefiihrt von Richard Schomburgk : V ersuch einer Fauna und Flora von Bntish- Guiana. (Fische.) III.) Johannes Muller; Franz Hermann Troschel. Acharnes Muller & Troschel, III, 622; orthotype A. speciosa M. & T. Polycentrus Muller & Troschel, III, 622; orthotype P. schomburgki M. & T. 394. RICHARDSON (1848). Fishes: The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. “Santarang>> ; Under the Command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher , During the years 1843-1846. 240 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II John Richardson. Choridactylus Richardson, 8; orthotype C. multibarbis Rich. Later spelled Cho- RISMODACTYLUS. Sthenopus Richardson, 10; orthotype S. mollis Rich. Name preoccupied; replaced by Trichopleura Kaup. Podabrus Richardson, 11; logotype P. centropomus Rich. Preoccupied in beetles; replaced by Vellitor Jordan & Starks (1894). Nemichthys Richardson, 25; orthotype N. scolopaceus Rich. Aperioptus Richardson, 27 ;orthotype A. pictorius Rich. 1849 395. AYRES (1849). On a Very Curious Fish, for which the Name Malacosteus niger Is Proposed. Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. William O. Ayres. Malacosteus Ayres, 53 ; orthotype M. Niger Ayres. 396. BLEEKER (1849). A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Ichthyological Fauna of Celebes. Journ. Ind. Arch., III. Pieter Bleeker. Apogonoides Bleeker, III, 70; orthotype A. macassariensis Blkr. This forgotten genus is based on a species without teeth on the plate ; with the preopercle entire, no opercular spines: D .VI-1, 9; caudal bilobed. Apogonoides seems to differ from the later Apogonichthys only in the presence of 6, not 7, dorsal spines and in the bilobed caudal. Amblygaster Bleeker, 70 ; orthotype A. clupeoides Blkr. A synonym of Sardinella Cuv. & Val. The true sardines (Sardinia Poey) are well distinguished from Sardinella externally by the strong concentric grooves on the opercles. Dipterygonotus Bleeker, 70; orthotype D. leucogrammicus Blkr. An ally or synonym of Emmelichthys Rich. Pogonognathus Bleeker, III, 73 ; orthotype P. barbatus Blkr. = Anacanthus barbatus Gray. A synonym of Psilocephalus Sw. 397. BLEEKER (1849). Overzigt der te Batavia voorkomende Gladschubbige Labroiden, met deschrivning van 11 nieuwe soorten. Verh. Bat. Gen. XXII, 1849, 1-64. Pieter Bleeker. Scarus (Forskal) Bleeker XII, 3; orthotype Labrus cretensis L. (not Scarus Forskal). A synonym of Sparisoma Sw. 398. BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage tot de kennis der Percoiden van den Malayo- Molukschen Archipel, mit beschrijvning van 22 nieuwen soorten. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXII. Pieter Bleeker. Mulloides Bleeker, 12; orthotype Mullus flavolineatus Lac. Upeneoides Bleeker, 63 ; orthotype Mullus vittatus Forskal 399. BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage tot de kennis der Blennioiden en Gobio'iden van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel, met beschrijvning van 42 nieuwe soorten. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XX. Pieter Bleeker. BLEEKER, 1849 241 Philypnoides Bleeker, XXIII, 19; orthotype P. sura karten sis Blkr. (Young of Ophicephalus gachua Ham.) A synonym of Ophicephalus Bloch. 400. BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van hei eiland Madura, met beschrijving van eenige nieuwe species. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXII. Pieter Bleeker. Leptonurus Bleeker, XXII, 14; orthotype L. chrysostigma Blkr. A synonym of Coilia Gray. Hippichthys Bleeker, XXII, 15; orthotype H. heptagonus Blkr. (not Hippo¬ campus heptagonus Raf.). Probably the same as Corythroichthys Kaup and of earlier date. Anodontostoma Bleeker, XXI, 15; orthotype A. hasselti Blkr. = Chatoessus chacunda Cuv. & Val. ; replaces Gonostoma Van Hasselt, 1823, preoccupied. 401. BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Bali, met beschrijving van eenige nieuwe species. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXII. Pieter Bleeker. Stomianodon Bleeker, XXII, 10; orthotype S. chrysophekadion Blkr. A synonym of Astronesthes Rich. 402. CANTOR (1849). Catalogue of Malayan Fishes. Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XVIII (1849). Reprinted as a separate volume, 1850. Theodore Edward Cantor. Genyoroge Cantor, 12; loogtype Diacope seb.e. Name a substitute for Diacope Cuv. & Val., preoccupied. Prosopodasys Cantor, 44; orthotype Apistus alatus Cuv. A substitute for Apistus Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Apista, hence must retain the same type. Pterichthys Sw., 1839, has priority over Prosopadasys. Corythobatus Cantor, 45 ; orthotype Apistus minous Cuv. & Val. = Minous moora Cuv. & Val. Substitute for Minous, regarded as preocupied by Minoes. Spondyliosoma Cantor, 50; orthotype Sparus cantharus L. Substitute for Can- tharus Cuv., preocupied. Catochaenum Cantor, 55 ; orthotype Gerres waigensis Cuv. & Val. Substitute for Gerres, unnecessarily regarded as preoccupied by Gerris, a genus of insects. Podager Gistel (1848), also a substitute for Gerres, is preoccupied. I think that Gerres should hold. Ilarches Cantor, 100; orthotype Ch^etodon orbis Bloch. Substitute for Ephippus Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Ephippium. Diphreutes Cantor, 159; orthotype Ch^etodon macrolepidotus L., replacing Henio- chus Cuv. (1817), regarded as preoccupied by Henioche, 1816. Harpochirus Cantor, 162; orthotype Ch^todon punctatus Gmelin. Same as Enixe Gistel, 1848, an earlier substitute for Drepane Cuv., regarded as pre¬ occupied by Drepana, Drepania, Drepanis and Drepanius. Cacodoxus Cantor, 163; orthotype Ch^etodon argus Gmelin. Same as Prenes Gistel, 1848. Substitute for Scatophagus Cuv. & Val. regarded as pre¬ occupied by Scatophaga. Cannorhynchus Cantor, 211; orthotype Fistularia tabacaria L. A synonym of Fistularia. Synaptura Cantor, 222; logotype Pleuronectes commersonianus Lac., as restricted by Bleeker. 242 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Tetradrachmum Cantor, 240; logotype Ch;etodon aruanus L. Same as Pirene Gistel (1848). A substitute for Dascyllus Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Dascillus and often spelled Dascillus. Prionace Cantor, 399; logotype Squalus glaucus L. Substitute for Prionodon M. & H., preoccupied. Rhachinotus Cantor, 422; orthotype Raja africana Bl. & Schn. A substitute for Anacanthus Ehrenb., 1837, preoccupied. A synonym of Urogymnus M. !& H. Stoasodon Cantor, 434; orthotype Raja narinari Euphrasen. Substitute for Aetobatis as restricted by Muller & Henle, the proper type of Aetobatis Blainv. being regarded by tautonomy as Raja aquila L. 403. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1849). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XXII. Achille Valenciennes. Parodon Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, SO; haplotype Parodon suborbitale Val. Brycinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 157; haplotype Brycinus macrolepidotus Val. Piabucina Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 161 ; haplotype Piabuciana erythrinoides Val. Distichodus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXI, 172 ; haplotype Salmo nefasch Lac. = Salmo niloticus Hasselquist. Tometes Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 225; logotype Tometes trilobatus Val. A synonym of Myleus M. & T. Mylesinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 234; haplotype MAlesinus schomburgki Val. Chalcinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 258; logotype Chalcinus brachypomus Val. Cynopotamus Cuver & Valenciennes, XXII, 317 ; logotype Hydrocyon argenteus Val. Saurida Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 499; logotype Salmo tumbil Bloch. Farionella Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 507 ; haplotype Farionella gayi Val. A synonym of Aplochiton Jenyns (1842). 404. GERMAR (1849). Steinkohle Wittenbergs. Ernst Friedrich Germar (1786-1853). Styracodus Germar, 70; orthotype Centrodus acutus Giebel (fossil). A synonym of Centrodus. 405,406. GIEBEL (1849). Fauna der Vorvelt. Christian Gottfried Andreas Giebel. Asima Giebel, 184 ; orthotype Radamas jugleri Munster. A synonym of Radamas. 407. HECKEL (1849). Abhandlung iiber eine neue fossile Fischgattung, Chiro- centrites, und die ersten Ueberreste eines Siluroiden aus der Vorwelt. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, II. Johann Jakob Heckel. Chirocentrites Heckel, I, 18; logotype C. microdon Heckel (fossil). A synonym of Thrissops. 408. HECKEL (1849). Ichthyologie (von Syrien). In Russegger, Joseph von, Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die natur- ■wissenschaftlichen V erhaltnisse der betreffenden Lander unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841, etc. II, part 3. (To this part Dean assigns the date 1843.) VAN DER HOEVEN, 1849 243 Isodus Heckel, II, 342; orthotype I. sulcatus Heckel (fossil). A synonym of Enchodus Ag. Pycnosterina Heckel, II, 337; orthotype P. russeggeri Heckel (fossil). 409. HOEVEN, VAN DER (1849). Handboek der dierkunde ; tweede verbeterde uitgave ; met bijvoegsels en aanmerkingen door Leuckart. Amsterdam. Janus van der Hoeven (1802-1868). Pteronemus Van der Hoeven, II, 177 ; orthotype Cheilodactylus fasciatus Lac. A synonym of Cheilodactylus. Sphyra Van der Hoeven, II; type Squalus zyg^ena L. Emendation of Sphyrna Raf. 410. JORDAN (1849). (Triodus.) Neues Jahrb. von Mineralogie. August Jordan. Triodus Jordan, 843; orthotype T. sessilis Jordan = Pleuracanthus decheni (fossil). A synonym of Orthacanthus (Pleuracanthus). 411. M’COY (1849). On Some New Fossil Fish of the Carboniferous Period. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. II. Frederick M’Coy. Centrodus M’Coy, II, 3; orthotype C. striatulus M’Coy (fossil). Same as Mega- lichthys Ag., 1844, not of 1838. 412. MEYER (1849). Fische, etc., aus dem Muschelkalk Ober-Schlesiens. Palseontographica, I. Herrmann von Meyer. Palaeobates Meyer, I, 234; orthotype Psammodus angustissimus Ag. (fossil). 413. MtlLLER & TROSCHEL (1849). Horce Zoologicce. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer Fische. III. Johannes Muller; Franz Hermann Troschel. Sciades Muller & Troschel, III, 6; logotype Sctades pictus M. & T. Eutropius Muller & Troschel, III, 6; logotype Hypophthalmus niloticus Riippell. Citharinus Muller & Troschel, III, 8; tautotype Serrasalmo citharinus Cuv. = Salmo unimaculatus Bloch. Hemiodus Muller & Troschel, III, 9; logotype Anodus crenidens M. & T. = Salmo unimaculatus Bloch. Ariodes Muller & Troschel, III, 9; logotype Ariodes arenarius M. & T. Erethistes Muller & Troschel, III, 12; orthotype E. pusillus M. & T. Carapus (Cuvier) Muller & Troschel, III, 13; logotype, restricted by Eigenmann, to fasciatus Pallas — Gymnotus carapo L. (Carapus Cuv., but not of Rafinesque). A synonym of Gymnotus L. Sternopygus Muller & Troschel, III, 13 ; orthotype Gymnotus macrurus Bl. & Schn. Rhamphichthys Muller & Troschel, III, 15; orthotype Gymnotus rostratus L. Cnidon Muller & Troschel, III, 21 ; orthotype C. chinensis M. $ T. = Labrax waigiensis Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Psammoperca Rich. Cichlops Muller & Troschel, III, 24; orthotype C. microphthalmus M. & T. Name preoccupied; replaced by Dampieria Castelnau, 1875, or by Labracinus Schlegel, 1875. Caprophonus Muller & Troschel, III, 28; orthotype C. aurora M. & T. = Anti- gonia capros Lowe. A synonym of Antigonia Lowe. 244 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 413A. NEWMAN (1849). (Devil Fish.) The Zoologist. Edward Newman. Brachioptilon Newman, 74; orthotype B. hamiltoni Newman. A synonym of Manta Bancroft. 414. REID (1849). An Account of a Specimen of the Vaagmcer . . . Thrown Ashore in the Firth of Forth. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., III. John Reid. Vogmarus Reid, III, 456; orthotype Bogmarus islandicus Bl. & Schn. A sub¬ stitute for Bogmarus, both names synonyms of Trachipterus Gouan. 415. REINHARDT (1849). Nye sydamerikanske ferskvandshske. Vidensk. Meddel-Naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn. Johann Theodor Reinhardt (1816-1882). Hydropardus Reinhardt, 46 ; orthotype H. rapax Reinh. = Raphiodon vulpinus Ag. A synonym of Raphiodon. 416. SISMONDA (1849). Descrizione dei pesci e dei crwstacei fossili nel Piemonte , Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, ser. X. Eugenio Sismonda. Trigonodon Sismonda, 25; orthotype T. oweni Sismonda (fossil). 417. SMITH (1849). Illustrations from the Zoology of South Africa; Consisting Chiefly of Figures and Descriptions of Objects of Natural History Collected During an Expedition into the Interior of South Africa in 1834-36. Andrew Smith. Leptorhynchus Smith, pi. 6; orthotype L. capensis Smith. A synonym of Ophi- surus Lac., as restricted. Cheilobarbus Smith, pi. 10; logotype Barbus capensis Smith. Pseudobarbus Smith, pi. 11 ; orthotype Barbus burchelli Smith. Abrostomus Smith, pi. 12; logotype A. umbratus Smith. Tilapia Smith ; orthotype Chromis nilotica Cuv. & Val. Replaces Chromis Gthr., not of Cuvier. Atimostoma Smith, XXIV ; orthotype A. capense Smith. A synonym of Psenes Cuv. & Val. Rhineodon Smith, pi. 26 ; orthotype R. typicus Smith. Misprinted Rhincodon ; often written Rhinodon. Xiphiurus Smith ; orthotype X. capensis Smith. Name preoccupied as Xiphiura, a synonym of Genypterus Philippi. 418. THIOLLILRE (1849). JJn nouveau gisement de poissons fossiles dans le lura du departement de I'Ain. Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyons, I. Victor Joseph de lTsle Thiolliere (1801-1859). Spathobatis Thiolliere, I, 63; orthotype S. bugesiacus Thiolliere (fosil). A syno¬ nym of Aellopos Munster. 419. WILLIAMSON (1849). On the Microscopic Structure of the Scales and Dermal Teeth of Some Ganoid and Placoid Fishes. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London. William Crawford Williamson. Pholidotus Williamson, 444; orthotype P. leachi Williamson (fossil). A synonym of Dapedium Leach. AGASSIZ, 1850 245 1850 420. AGASSIZ (1850). Lake Superior: Its Physical Character, Vegetation, and Animals, Compared with Those of Other and Similar Regions, etc. Louis Agassiz. Poecilosoma Agassiz, 299 ; haplotype Etheostoma variateum Kirtland. Preoccu¬ pied; replaced by Pcecilichthys Ag., 1854. Argyrosomus Agassiz, 339; haplotype Salmo clupiformis Ag., not of Mitchill = Salmo harengus Rich. Name preoccupied (Pylaie, 1834) ; replaced by Thrissomimus Gill (1909). A subgenus under Leucichthys Dybowski. Hypsolepis (Baird) Agassiz, 368; orthotype Cyprinus cornutus Mitchill. Written Hypsilepis by Cope. 421. BLEEKER (1850). Bijdrage tot de kennis der Mccnoiden van den Soenda- Molukschen Archipel. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXIII. Pieter Bleeker. Pentaprion Bleeker, I, 104; orthotype P. gerreoides Blkr. 422. BLEEKER (1850). Bijdrage tot de kennis der visschen met doolhofvormige kieuwen van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. Verh. Batav. Genootsch, XXIII, 1850. Pieter Bleeker. Betta Bleeker, XXIII, 12; orthotype B. trifasciata Blkr. 423. COSTA (1850). (Fossil Fishes: Ittioliti.) Atti Accad. Pontan, V. Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Sarginites Costa, V, 285; orthotype, S. pygm^us Costa (fossil). A synonym of Leptolepis. Histiurus Costa, V, 288 ; orthotype H. elatus Costa. Preoccupied as Istiurus Cuv., 1829, emended as Histiurus Ag. ; replaced by Knightia Jordan, 1907; type K. eoclena Jordan. Rhynchoncodes Costa, V, 317; orthotype R. scacchi Costa (fossil). A synonym of Propterus Ag. Blenniomceus Costa, V, 319; orthotype B. longicauda Costa (fossil). A syno¬ nym of Notagogus Ag. Sauropsidium Costa, V, 322; orthotype S. l^evissimum Costa. Megalurites Costa, V, 370; orthotype Diodon scill^e Ag. (fossil). A synonym or fossil ally of Diodon. 424. DIXON (1850). The Geology and Fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous Formations of Sussex. A. Francis Dixon. Platylaemus Dixon, 205; orthotype P. colei Dixon (fossil). Aulodus Dixon, 366; orthotype A. agassizi Dixon (fossil). A synonym of Ptycho- dus Ag. Plethodus Dixon, 366; logotype P. expansus Dixon (fossil). (Not Plethodon Tschudi, a genus of lizards.) Pomognathus Dixon, 367; orthotype P. eurypterygius Dixon (fossil). A syno nym of Halec Ag. Prionolepis (Egerton) Dixon, 368; orthotype P. angustus Egert. (fossil). Homonotus Dixon, 372; orthotype B. elegans Dixon (fossil). Berycopsis Dixon, 372; orthotype B. elegans Dixon (fossil). 246 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II Stenostoma Dixon, 373; orthotype S. pulchella Dixon (fossil). Pachyrhizodus (Agassiz) Dixon, 374; orthotype P. basalis Dixon (fossil). Tomognathus Dixon, 376; logotype P. mordax Dixon (fossil). 425. EGERTON (1850). Palichthyologic Notes, Supplemental to the Work of Prof. Agassis on the Ganoidei heterocerci. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond. Philip de Malpa Grey Egerton. Plectrolepis (Agassiz) Egerton, VI, 4; orthotype P. rugosus (Ag.) Egert. (fossil). A synonym of Eurynotus Ag. = Notacmon Gistel. 426. FISCHER VON WALDHEIM (1850). Sur un poisson fossile de la Grece (Platacanthus). Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou., XXIII. Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim (1771-1853). Platacanthus Fischer von Waldheim, XXIII, 286; orthotype P. ubinoi Waldheim (fossil). An extinct ally of Dicentrarchus Gill = Labrax Cuv., not Pallas. 427. FISCHER VON WALDHEIM (1850). Ommatolampes et Trachelacanthus. genera piscium fossilium nova, in Uteris Eduardo ab Eichzuald datis, descrip ta. Mosquse. Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim. Ommatolampes Fischer von Waldheim, 4; orthotype O. eichwaldi Fischer. Trachelacanthus Fischer von Waldheim, 9; orthotype T. stschurovskii Waldheim (fossil). 428. GIBBES (1850). Mososaurus and Allied Genera. Smithsonian Contr. Knowledge, II. Robert Wilson Gibbes (1809-1866). Conosaurus Gibbes, 10; orthotype C. bowmani Gibbes. Name regarded as pre¬ occupied by Coniosaurus; replaced by Conosaurops Leidy (1868). 429. GUICHENOT (1850). Exploration scientihque de I’Algerie. Paris. Alphonse Guiciienot. Gadiculus Guichenot, 101 ; orthotype G. argenteus Guich. 430. HECKEL (1850). Beitrdge sur Kenntniss der fossilen Fische Oesterreichs. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, I. Johann Jakob Heckel, Saurorhamphus Heckel I, 217; orthotype S. freyeri Heckel (fossil). Lepidopides Heckel, I, 239; Lepidopus leptospondylus Heckel (fossil). A syno¬ nym of Anenchelum Blainv. and probably of the living genus Lepidopus 431. JERDON (1850). (Pristolepis.) Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., XVI. Thomas Claverhill Jerdon. Pristolepis Jerdon, XVI, 298; orthotype P. marginatus Jerdon. Jerdon (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1865, 298) claims priority of Pristolepis over Catopra Blkr. Catopra was first noted in 1851. 432. LANKESTER (1850). (Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone.) Edwin Ray Lankester (1847- ). Zenaspis Lankester, 43; orthotype Cephalaspis salweyi Egert. (fossil). A syno¬ nym of Cephalaspis. 433. LOWE (1850). An Acconut of Fishes Discovered or Observed in Madeira Since the Year 1842. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, XVIII. Richard Thomas Lowe. PICTET, 1850 247 Phsenodon Lowe, 250; orthotype P. ringens Lowe. A synonym of Astronesthes Rich. 434. PICTET (1850). Description de quelques Poissons fossiles du Mont Liban. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, XII, 1849, published in 1850. Francois Jules Pictet (1809-1872). Petalopteryx Pictet, 20; orthotype P. syriacus Pictet (fossil). Eurypholis Pictet, 28 logotype E. boissieri Pictet (fossil). A synonym of Sauror- hamphus. Spaniodon Pictet, 33; logotype S. blondeli Pictet (fossil). Coccodus Pictet, 51; orthotye C. armatus Pictet (fossil). 435. RICHARDSON (1850). Notices of Australian Fish. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. , XVIII. John Richardson. Sciaenoides (Solander MS.). Richardson, 62; haplotype S. abdominalis Solan- der = Scuena macroptera Forster; in synonymy only; a species of Dacty- losparus Gill. Threpterius Richardson, 68; orthotype T. maculosus Rich. Olisthops Richardson, 74; orthotype O. cyanomelas Rich. (Also in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 185, 290,) Name spelled Olistherops by Gunther. 436. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1850). Fauna Japonica (last part). Coenraad Jacob Temminck; Hermann Schlegel. Pseudoblennius Temminck & Schlegel, 313; orthotype P. percoides Gthr. Pseudoclinus Temminck & Schlegel, pi. LXXIX; orthotype Pseudoblennius per¬ coides Gthr. A slip of the pen for Pseudoblennius. Velifer Temminck & Schlegel, 312; orthotype V. hypselopterus Blkr. 437. THIOLLIERE (1850). Un nouveau gisement de poissons fossiles dans le Jura de departement de l’ Ain. Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyon, I. Victor Joseph de lTsle Thiolliere. Disticholepis Thiolliere, III, 136 ; orthotype M. fourneti Thiolliere. A synonym of Macrosemius Ag. Oligopleurus Thiolliere, III, 154; orthotype O. esocinus Thiolliere (fossil). 1851 438. BLEEKER (1851). Visschen van Banka, Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, 1851. Pieter Bleeker. Gnathanodon Bleeker, 160; orthotj^pe Scomber speciosus Forskal. Not Caranx of Lacepede, as first restricted (to C. carangus) by Bleeker. 439. BLEEKER (1851). Nieuzve bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo, met beschrijvning van eenige nieuwe soorten van zoetwater- visschen. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II. Pieter Bleeker. Wallago Bleeker, 202 ; orthotype Wallago dinema Blkr. Achiroides Bleeker, 262; logotype Plagusia melanorhynchus Blkr. Clupeoides Bleeker, 275 ; orthotype C. borneensis Blkr. A synonym of Corica Gray. Luciocephalus Bleeker, 278 ; orthotype Diplopterus pulcher Gray. Replaces Dip- lopterus Gray, preoccupied in birds. 248 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 440. BLEEKER (1851). Over einige nieuwe geslachten en soorten van Makreel- agtige Visschen van den Indischen Archipel. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, I, 1851. Pieter Bleeker. Decapterus Bleeker, II, 358; orthotype Caranx kurra Cuv. & Val. Selar Bleeker, 359; logotype Caranx hasselti Blkr. (C. boops Cuv. & Val. indi¬ cated as type by Jordan & Evermann, 1898, was not named in Bleeker’s first account (only S. hasselti, S. kuhli, S. macrurus, S. malam). Carangoides Bleeker, 366; orthotype Caranx pr^ustus Bennett, the only other species here mentioned being C. atropus, type of Atropus Cuv. Defined to include Citula, Atropus and Olistus as well as Carangoides proper, as restricted by Jordan & Evermann. Leioglossus Bleeker, 367 ; orothotype L. carangoides Blkr. Stromateoides Bleeker, I, 368; orthotype Stromateus cinereus Bloch; a synonym of Pampus Bon. 441. BLEEKER (1851). Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo, etc. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II. Pieter Bleeker. Tetrabranchus Bleeker, II, 69; orthotype T. microphthalma Blkr. A synonym of Symbranchus Bloch. Catopra Bleeker, 172; orthotype C. fasciata Blkr. A synonym of Pristolepis Jerdon, 1850. 442. BLEEKER (1851). Cheilinoides, een nieuw geslacht van gladschubbige La- broiden van Batavia. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II Pieter Bleeker. Cheilinoides Bleeker, II, 71 ; orthotype C. cynanopleura Blkr. 443. BLEEKER (1851). Vierde bijdrage tot den kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo, met beschrijvning van eenige nieuwe soorten van soetwater- visschen. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II. Pieter Bleeker. Bagroides Bleeker, II, 204; orthotype B. melanopterus Blkr. 444. BLEEKER (1851). Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Celebes. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II, 1851. Pieter Bleeker. Megalaspis Bleeker, II, 213; orthotype Scember cordyla L. (Caranx rottleri Blkr.). Selaroides Bleeker, II, 213 ; orthotype Caranx leptolepis Kuhl & Van Hasselt. Later called Leptaspis, the reason not stated. Spratelloides Bleeker, 214 ; orthotype Clupea argyrot^nia Blkr. 445. BLEEKER (1851). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Banda eilanden. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II. Pieter Bleeker. Labroides Bleeker, II, 249; orthotype L. paradiseus Bleeker. Syngnathoides Bleeker, 259 ; orthotype S. blochi Blkr. Replaces Gasterotokeus Heckel (1856). GAIMARD, 1851 249 446. GAIMARD (1851). Voyage de la Commission Scientifique du Nord. Voy¬ age en Skandinavie, en Lapponie, a Spitzberg et aux Faroe, Paris, VII. Zoologie (1851). Joseph Paul Gaimard. Eperlanus Gaimard, VII ; orthotype Salmo eperlanus L. A synonym of Osmerus L. (Not seen.) 447. GIRARD (1851) . On the Genus Cottus auct. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., III. Charles Frederic Girard (1822-1895). Acanthocottus Girard, III, 185 ; logotype Cottus grcenlandicus Cuv. & Val. A section under Myoxocephalus Steller. 448. GIRARD (1851). Some Additional Observations on the Nomenclature and Classification of the Genus Cottus. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Ill (for 1848), 1851. Charles Frederic Girard. Cottopsis Girard, III, 303; orthotype Cottus asper Rich. A section of Cottus L. 449. GRAY (1851). Description of a New Form of Lamprey from Australia unth a Synopsis of the Family. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. John Edward Gray. Geotria Gray, 143; orthotype Geotria australis Gray. Velasia Gray, 143; orthotype V. chilensis Gray. Caragola Gray, 143 ; orthotype C. lapicida Gray. Same as Mordacia Gray. Mordacia Gray, 144; orthotype Petromyzon mordax Rich. A synonym of Cara¬ gola Gray. Lampetra Gray, 235 ; logotype Petromyzon fluviatilis L. 450. LUTKEN (1851). Nogle bemaerkinger om naeseborenes stiling hos de i gruppe med Ophisurus staaende slaegter af aalefamilien. Vidensk. Meddel. Natur- hist. Foren. Kjobenjavn. Christian Frederiic Lutken (1827-1901). Myrophis Lutken, 1 ; orthotype M. punctatus Lutken. Chilorhinus Lutken, 1 ; orthotype C. suensoni Lutken. 451. MEYER (1851). Fossile Fische aus dem Muschelkalk von Jena , Querfurt und Esperstadt. Palseontographica. Hermann von Meyer. Tholodus (Meyer) Schmid & Schleiden, I, 199; orthotype T. schmidi (fossil). Perhaps a tooth of a reptile. 452,453. MEYER (1851). Palceontographica. I. Hermann von Meyer. Nephrotus Meyer, I, 243; orthotype Omphalodus chorzowensis Meyer (fossil). A synonym of Asterodon. 454. M’COY (1851). (Steganodictyum.) Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII. Frederick M’Coy. Steganodictyum M’Coy, VIII, 481; orthotype S. cornubicum M’Coy (fossil). (Shields of a Pteraspid mistaken for part of a sponge.) 455. THOMPSON (1851). On Percopsis pellucida. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., III. Zadock Thompson (1796-1856). Salmoperca Thompson, III, 164 ; haplotype Salmoperca pellucida Thompson Percopsus guttatis Ag. == Salmo omiscomaycus Walbaum. A synonym of Percopsis Ag., 1848. 250 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II 456. WAGNER (1851). Beitrdge zur Kenntniss der in den lithogr aphis chnt Schiefcrn abgelagerten urweltlichen Fische. Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., VI. Johann Andreas Wagner (1797-1861). Mesodon Wagner, VI, 56; orthotype Gyrodus macropterus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied in mollusks, Rafinesque, 1819; replaceable by Typodus Quenstedt, 1858. Strobilodus Wagner, VI, 75; orthotype S. giganteus Wagner (fossil). A synonym of Caturus Ag. 1852 457. BLEEKER (1852). Bijdrage tot de kennis der Makreelachtige visschen van den S oenda-M olukschen Archipel. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXIV, 1852. Pieter Bleeicer. Leptaspis Bleeker, XXIV, 71 ; orthotype Caranx leptolepis Kuhl & Van Hasselt. Called earlier Selaroides, the reason for changing not known to me. 458. BLEEKER (1852) . Bijdrage tot de kennis der Plagiostomen van den Indischen Archipel. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXIV. Pieter Bleeker. Hemigaleus Bleeker, XXIV, 45 ; orthotype PI. microstoma Blkr. Preoccupied in mammals as Hemigalea. 459. BLEEKER (1852). Diagnostische beschrijvning van nieuwe of weinig bekende visschsoorten van Sumatra. Nat Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, III, 1852. Pieter Bleeker. Pristipomoides Bleeker, III, 574; orthotype P. typus Blkr. Replaces Ch^etopterus T. & S., preoccupied 460. BLEEKER (1852). Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Celebes. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie', III. Pieter Bleeker. Carangichthys Bleeker, III, 760; orthotype C. typus Blkr. A synonym of Caranx Lac. (based on young specimens). 461. DUMERIL (1852). Monographic de la famille des torpediniens , ou poissons plagiostomes electriques. Rev. Mag. Zool., IV. Auguste Henri Andre Dumeril (1812-1870). Hypnos A. Dumeril, 279; orthotype H. subnigrum Dum. Name preoccupied; re¬ placed by Hypnarce Waite, 1902. 462. EGERTON (1852). Fish: Ehismodus , etc. (In Figures and Descriptions of British Organic Remains.) Mem. Geo. Surv. United Kingdom. Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton. Lophistomus Egerton, Dec. VI, No. 10; orthotype L. dixoni Egert. (fossil). 463. FISCHER VON WALDHEIM (1852). Sur quelques poissons fossiles de la Russia. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, XXV. Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim. Pycnacanthus L'ischer von Waldheim, XXV, 174; orthotype (not named by Woodward) (fossil). (An unrecognized fragment.) Siphonodus Fischer von Waldheim, XXV, 175; orthotype S. panderi Waldheim (fossil). GERVAIS, 1852 251 464. GERVAIS (1852). Zoologie et Paleontologie Francoises. II. Francois Louis Paul Gervais. Sandroserrus Gervais, II, 8; orthotype Perca rebouli Gervais (fossil). 465. LOWE (1852). An Account of Fishes Discovered or Observed in Madeira Since the Year 1842. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London, ser. X. Richard Thomas Lowe. Leptorhynchus Lowe, X, 54; orthotype L. leuchtenbergi Lowe. Name preoccu¬ pied ; replaced by Belonopsis Brandt. A synonym of Nemichthys Rich. 466. QUENSTEDT (1852). Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde. Friedrich August von Quenstedt (1809-1889). Selachidea Quenstedt, 173; orthotype S. torolosi Quenstedt (fossil). Probably a synonym of Hybodus. Serrolepis Quenstedt, 207; orthotype S. suevicus Dames, (fossil). Pleurolepis Quenstedt, 214; orthotype P. semicinctus Quenstedt (fossil). A syno¬ nym of Tetragonolepis Bronn. 467. ROEMER (1852). Die Kreidebildungen von Texas und ihre organischen Einschlusse. Mit einem die Beschreibung von V ersteinerungen aus palao- zoischen und tertidren Schichten enthaltenden Anhange und mit 11 von Chohe- nach der Natur auf Stein gezeichneten Tafeln. Bonn. Carl Ferdinand von Roemer. Ancistrodon (Derby) Roemer, 30; orthotype later called A. texanus Dames (fossil). Teeth undetermined. Name preoccupied in snakes as Agkistrodon ; replaced by Ankistrodus Koninck, 1870, scarcely better, and by Grypodon Hay, 1899. 468. RUPPELL (1852). V erzeichniss der in deni Museum der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft aufgestellten Sammlungen. Vierte Abtheilung. Fische und deren Skelette. Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon Ruppell. Microichthys Ruppell, 1 ; orthotype M. coccoi Ruppell. Pharopteryx Ruppell, 16; orthotype P. benoit Ruppell. Not Pharopterx of Ruppell, 1828, which is a synonym of Plesiops Cuv. A synonym of Mora Risso. Chosrops Ruppell, 20; orthotype C. meleagris Ruppell. A synonym of Chcerodon Blkr. Sarotherodon Ruppell, 21 ; orthotype S. melanotheron Ruppell. Erythrodon Ruppell, 34 ; orthotype Balistes Niger Lac., Balistes erthrodon Gthr. Substitute for Xenodon Ruppell, 1835, preoccupied, but the name Odonus Gistel (1848) has priority and Zenodon Sw. (1829) is still older, if available. 1853 469. AGASSIZ (1853). Recent Researches of Professor Agassiz. (Extract from letter to J. D. Dana dated Cambridge, June 9, 1853). Amer. Journ. Sci., XVI. Louis Agassiz. In this paper four new genera are briefly described. The species con¬ cerned were not named until later. Chologaster Agassiz, 135; (haplotype Chologaster cornutus Ag.). Short account of the genus, the species named later. Heterandria Agassiz, 135; (logotype H. Formosa Ag.). Stated to contain two species named later, H. Formosa and H. holbrooki, the latter being Gam- 252 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II / busia patruelis Baird & Grd. After consultation with Professor Poey Formosa was chosen by Jordan as the type of Heterandria. This name replaces Girardinus Poey. Zygonectes Agassiz, 135 ; logotype Poecilia olivacea Storer = Semotilus notatius Raf. Brief notice of genus; its species indicated in 1854 (Fish. Tennessee River ) . Melanura Agassiz, 135; orthotype Exoglossum annulatum Raf.' Note on the genus, the type indicated on page 217 of the same journal. A synonym of Umbra Gronow. 470. AGASSIZ (1853). Extraordinary Fishes from California Constituting a New Family (Holconoti or Embiotocidce) . Amer. Journ. Sci., XVI. Louis Agassiz. Embiotoca Agassiz, 386 ; orthotype E. jacksoni Ag. 471. BAIRD & GIRARD (1853). Descriptions of New Species of Fishes Collected by Mr. John H. Clark on the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, under Lt.-Col. Jas. D. Graham. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Spencer Fullerton Girard (1823-1887) ; Charles Girard. Ceratichthys Baird & Girard, 391 ; orthotype C. vigilax Baird & Girard (not of Baird & Girard, 1856). No description. Replaces Cliola Grd., 1856. 472. BAIRD & GIRARD (1853). Descriptions of New Fishes from the River Zuhi. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Spencer Fullerton Baird; Charles Girard. Gila Baird & Girard, VI, 368; logotype Gila robusta Grd. 473. BLEEKER (1853). Diagnostischc beschrivningen van nieuwe of weinig bekende visschsoorten van Batavia. Tintal I-IV, Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.- Indie, IV, 1853. Pieter Bleeker. Muraenichthys Bleeker, 506; orthotype M. gymnopterus Blkr. 474. BLEEKER (1853). Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis de ichthyologische fauna van Ternate en Halmaheira (Giolo). Nat. Tfjdschr. Neder.-Indie, IV. Pieter Bleeker. Polypterichthys Bleeker, II, 608; orthotype P. valentini Blkr. A synonym of Aulostomus. 475. BLEEKER (1853). Zevende bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo. Zoetwatervisschen van Sambas, Pontianak en Pengaron. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, V. Pieter Bleeker. Datnioides Blkr., V, 440; orthotype Cius polota Ham. A synonym of Coius Ham., as restricted by Fowler, 1905, to Corns polota. This antedates the restric¬ tion by Jordan (Genera of Fishes, 1917, 114) to C. cobojus Ham. 476. BLEEKER (1853). Bijdrage to de kennis der Murcenoiden en Symbrancho'iden van den Indischen Archipel. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXV. Pieter Bleeker. Stethopterus Bleeker, XXV, 24, 36; orthotype Ophisurus vimineus Rich. A syno¬ nym of Leiuranus Blkr. and having line priority. BLEEKER, 1853 253 Leiuranus Bleeker, XXV, 36; orthotype L. lacepedei Blkr. (Ophisurus semi- cinctus Bennett.)- Same as Stethopterus Blkr., the latter having line priority, the name Leiuranus preferred by the author. 477. BLEEKER (1853). Nalezingen op de ichthyologie van Japan. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXV. Pieter Bleeker. Atherinichthys Bleeker, 40; orthotype Atherina humboldtiana Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Chirostoma Sw. Atherinoides Bleeker, 40; orthotype Atherina vomerina Cuv. & Val. = Atherina humboldtiana Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Chirostoma Sw. Etrumeus Bleeker, XXV, 48 ; orthotype Clupea micropus T. & S. 478. BLEEKER (1853). Nalezingen op de ichthyologische fauna van Bengalen en Hindostan. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXV. Pieter Bleeker. Bogoda Bleeker, 89; Chanda bogoda Ham. = Chanda nama Ham. A synonym of Chanda as now restricted. Badis Bleeker, 106; orthotype Labrus badis Ham. = Badis buchanani Blkr. Bagarius Bleeker, 121 ; tautotype Pimeludus bagarius Ham. 479. COSTA (1853). (Fossil Fishes of Italy.) Atti Soc. Pontan, VII. Oronzio Gabriele Costa. Ionoscopus Costa, 2; orthotype I. petraroue Costa (fossil). Name changed in 1864 to CEnoscopus Costa f