OCCASIONAL PAPERS THE MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY NUMBER 157 15 MARCH 1996 BATS OF MOHAVE COUNTY, ARIZONA: POPULATIONS AND MOVEMENTS E. Lendell Cockrum, Bill Musgrove, and Yar Petryszyn INTRODUCTION Most of this report is concerned with banding activities carried out in Mohave County, Arizona, between 10 Jul 1959 and 29 Mar 1964, mainly by Bill Musgrove and students in his high school biology classes. Mohave County, in the northwestern part of the state, has an area of 13,260 square miles (almost 11 times the size of the state of Rhode Island) and ranges in elevation from about 160 feet (Colorado River) to 8266 feet (Hualapai Peak). Included for each of 21 species that are known to occur in the area are: (a) records of bats banded and recovered (b) a regional synonymy, (c) a list of specimens examined by Cockrum and (d) a list of specimens reported in the literature. Details of the banding activities are included to provide a baseline data for determining trends in populations. The first record of a bat in Mohave County appears to have been a Pallid Bat, Antrozouspallidus , taken at Fort Mohave on 1 May 1861. The second, taken sometime in 1864-65, “in the Colorado Desert near Fort Mojave” by Elliott Coues (1867:284), became the type of a “new” species— Myotis macropus (a synonym of Myotis yumanensis). Both Antrozous and Myotis yumanensis are still common in the region. In addition to 21 species documented as occurring in Mohave 2 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY County, two others may also be present: the Western Yellow Bat {Lasiurus xanthinus) which probably occurs in limited numbers along the Colorado River, and the Mexican Long-tongued bat (Choeronycteris mexicana) which may be an accidental visitor. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Banding activities were carried out between 10 Jul 1959 and 29 Mar 1964. Any interpretation of these records should take into account that banding efforts were not uniformly distributed either by time, type of activity (Table 1) or geography. The number of each species captured probably is fairly indicative of the relative population size in the areas studied— the lower elevations in the southern and southwestern part of the county (see distribution maps). The same amount of effort, confined to higher elevations and to the northern and eastern parts of the county, would have yielded quite different results. Further, almost none of the “negative” efforts (/. — OGvOOOOOOOOCvOOO — 6 - R 5 ^ R ^ ^0^ R && * S ’S 3 ^ a 53 C £ =s -S « ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * Si”^ .J 4 :§ R X £ 5; £ £ Pv -G R 1 a I „ >&. R .'a 5 3 COCKRUM, M US GROVE, & PETRYSZYN 5 In geographic distribution, some species were taken only at higher elevations (e. g Myotis volans ), others only at lower elevations (e. g. Macrotus). Some species were taken only in roosts; others essentially only in nets over water and never in either day or night roosts. None of the 2098 Macrotus were taken anywhere but in roosts. Essentially the same is true for Myotis velifer (1448:1), Plecotus (1731:214), and Ttdarida (3144:230). In contrast, the ratios for Pipistrellus (2:1133), Myotis volans (2:268), and Eptesicus (25:521) clearly indicate that we did not find their day roosts. In the following “Accounts of Species,” details of literature reports, specimens examined, banding activities and some observa¬ tions concerning natural history are given. The synonymy incl udes the original description, the first usage of the name combination utilized by us, and all of the usages that we found in the literature that refer to material from Mohave County. The Records of Occurrence section includes Specimens Exam¬ ined, Literature and Banding Records. The number associated with a locality refers to the species distribution map. The number in brackets (c. g [A 11]) refers to the number assigned a banding locality as described in the Appendix. The following abbreviations are used to indicate the collection in which the specimens are housed: CM Carnegie Museum. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. KHS Kingman High School, Biology Laboratory, Kingman, Arizona. LBSC Long Beach State University, Long Beach, California. MNA Museum of North¬ ern Arizona, Flagstaff. MVZ Museum ofVertebrate Zoology, Univer¬ sity of California, Berkeley. SDSNH San Diego Society of Natural History, San Diego, California. SIU Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. UA University of Arizona, Tucson. UI University of Illinois, Museum of Natural History, Urbana. UM Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. US United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. When specimens examined were reported in previous publica¬ tions, the citations follow the listing under Specimens Examined. Specimens or observations reported in the literature and not seen by us are listed in the Literature Section. 6 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Table 3. Method of capture of various bats. Bats were captured in mist nets (usually set over water) or in their roosts. N et Roost Total Macrotus M. yumanensis M. velifer M. lucifugus M.thysanodes M. volans M.californicus M. ciliolabrum Lasionycteris Pipistrellus Eptesicus L. cinereus Euderma Idionycteris Plecotus Antrozous Tadarida N. femorosaccus N. macrotis Eumops Totals m f m f 0 0 821 1277 0 3 50 188 1 0 822 626 0 0 1 1 150 282 229 504 97 171 2 0 57 112 14 15 33 33 0 0 1 0 0 0 316 819 1 1 133 377 7 18 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 67 22 127 85 129 300 1431 132 214 15 29 32 196 1640 1503 1 1 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 9 1044 2414 3925 5729 2098 241 1449 2 1165 270 198 66 1 1137 535 4 2 219 1945 390 3371 2 7 10 13112 ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES MACROTUS CALIFORNICUS BAIRD, CALIFORNIA LEAF-NOSED BAT Macrotus californicus Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 10:116, 1858, type from Old Fort Yuma, Imperial County, California, on right bank of Colorado River, opposite present COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 7 town of Yuma, Arizona; Hardy, Jour. Mamm., 30:434, 1949; Cockrum, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, I960, p. 32; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 60. Macrotus waterhousii californicus, Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 104. Comments All of the California leaf-nosed bats were captured in roosts; none were captured in mist nets set over water. Most roosts visited by us were in warm, dry mine tunnels deep enough that the bats were in complete darkness. Different tunnels were used in winter and summer. Most roosts consisted of clusters of 20 or more bats, with individuals slightly separated from each other. Some hung separately or in small groups. The bats were usually alert when approached and were easily disturbed. A partial segregation of the sexes occurs during the summer while young were non-volent. California leaf-nosed bats are restricted to the lower elevations of Mohave County. In the southern part of the county they have been taken along Burro Creek, and along the Bill Williams River, and at scattered localities in the Colorado River Valley. North of the Colorado River, they have been reported only once— from “small hole in roof of abandoned tunnel, S side ofVirgin River at Virgin Narrows, northeast of Littlefield” on 10 Mar 1945 (Hardy, 1949:434). Cockrum examined this specimen about 1956, at Long Beach State College, where Dr. Hardy was then a member of the faculty. Table 4 summarizes, by sex and month of capture, the records of Macrotus. Active individuals were encountered throughout the year. Neither hibernation nor seasonal disappearance as a result of migra¬ tion were observed. The 3 to 1 sex ratio in Jul is the result of banding activities being carried out mainly at maternity colonies where adult males were absent. A total of 479 (190 m, 289 f) were recovered, mostly in place. Forty-two (1 m, 41 f) of the recaptures were taken at places other than the point of banding. Movements from winter roost to a maternity colony include: from Tunnel, Needle Rock [location A 4] in Jan to Rawhide Mine area [A 7] 58 miles to the SE in Jul (1 f) as well as 9 females moving from Burro Creek area [A 6] banded in Jan, Feb, and 8 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Table 4. Macrotus califomicus captures by month and sex. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Totals Males Females Total 80 146 226 86 33 119 1 7 8 253 256 509 8 1 9 7 1 8 224 681 905 46 75 121 0 0 0 115 75 190 0 1 1 1 1 2 821 1277 2098 Apr and captured in Jul in the Rawhide Mine Area 21 miles WSW in Jul. Movements from a maternity colony (Rawhide Mine area, banded in Jul) include 1 m and 8 f moving 21 miles ENE to the Burro Creek area (recovered in Jan, Apr, and Oct). One female was recovered by Steve Gallezioli of the Arizona Game and Fish Commission 85 miles ESE at Lake Carl Pleasant in Maricopa County and two females were recovered 56 miles WSW in a mine tunnel, Riverside Mountains, San Bernardino County, California by Al Beck. Records of occurrence Specimens examined:— Total, 5 (2 m, 3 f), as follows: 1 . Virgin Narrows above Littlefield, 1 f, 10 Mar 1945, LBSC. (Hardy, 1949:434; Hall, 1981:104; Hoffmeister, 1986:62.) 3. Mine tunnel, Telephone Pole Cove, 1 mile N Katherine Landing, 700 ft. [A 18]. 1 f, 30 Aug 1959, KHS. 5. Mine tunnel, 3 1/2 miles E Burro Creek State Highway 89 bridge [A 57], 1 m, 27 Mar 1960, KHS; =1.5 mile N [= W] Mohave Co. line, 3 miles NE highway 93, Golden Keys Mine, Woody Holms Ranch, 1 m and 1 f, 27 Dec 1965, UA. COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 9 [=Golden Keys Mine, 10 miles W Bagdad, 3500 ft., Irwin and Baker, 1967:195; Hall, 1981:104; Hoffmeister, 1986:6.] Banding records: — Total banded, 1667 (709 m, 958 f); total local recoveries, 430 (187 m, 243 f); total foreign recoveries, 45 (2 m, 43 f); as follows: 2. Tunnel, Clark Co., Nev. [A 69]. Banded 6 m, 2 f on 9 Apr 1961. Banded 146 m, 63 f on 13 Aug 1961; recovered 2 m, 12 fon 10 Jul 1963. Banded 7 m, 1 fon 29 Jun 1962. Banded 45 m, 51 fon 10 Jul 1963. 3. Tunnel, Katherine Landing [A 18]. Banded 1 fon 16 Apr I960. Banded 1 fon 13 Aug 1961. 4. Tunnel, Needle Rock [A 52]. Banded 48 m, 61 f on 28 Jan 1962; recovered 3 m on 8 Apr 1962; foreign recovery, 1 f at 0.25 mile S Rawhide [A 7] on 25 Jul 1963. Banded 4 m on 8 Apr 1962. 6. Tunnel j, Burro Creek [A 54j]. Banded 190 m, 245 fon 16 Apr 1961, recovered 7 m, 1 fon 17 May 1961, recovered 51 m, 15 fon 1 Oct 1961; recovered 41 m, 45 fon 3 Feb 1962; recovered 30 m, 1 fon 28 Apr 1962; recovered 12 m, 16 fon 14 Oct 1962; recovered 10 m, 32 fon 27 Jan 1963; recovered 4 m, 4 fon 24 Feb 1963; recovered 2 fon 10 Mar 1963; recovered 2 fon 22 Mar 1963; recovered 1 m on 7 Apr 1963; foreign recovery, 1 m on 22 Jul 1962 at 2 mile N Kaiser Spring Wash [G 53]; foreign recovery, 3 f on 2 Jul 1962 at 0.25 mile S Rawhide. Banded 1 m on 17 May 1961; recovered 1 Oct 1961. Banded 28 m, 21 f on 1 Oct 1961; recovered 1 m, 6 fon 3 Feb 1962; recovered 4 m on 28 Apr 1962; recovered 1 m, 1 f on 14 Oct 1962; recovered 4 f on 27 Jan 1963; recovered 1 m on 24 Feb 1963; recovered 1 fon 10 Mar 1963. Banded 36 m, 62 f on 3 Feb 1962; recovered 8 m on 28 Apr 1962; recovered 5 f on 14 Oct 1962; recovered 3 m, 7 f on 27 Jan 1963; recovered 1 m on 7 Apr 1963; foreign recovery, 3 fon 2 Jul 1962 and 1 fon 25 Jul 1963 at 0.25 mile S Rawhide Mine [A 67]. Banded 5 m on 28 Apr 1962; recovered 1 m on 27 Jan 1963. Banded 22 m, 15 f on 14 Oct 1962; recovered 2 m on 27 Jan 1963; 1 f on 24 Feb 1963. Banded 15 m, 39 f on 27 Jan 1963; recovered 1 m, 3 f on 24 Feb 1963; recovered 2 f on 22 Mar 1963; foreign recovery, 2 f on 25 Jul 1963 at 0.25 mile S Rawhide Mine [A 67]. 7. Upper tunnel, 1 mile N Rawhide Mine [A61]. Banded 13 m, 40 fon 10 Jul I960; recovered 1 m, 3 fon 25 Jul 1963; foreign recovery, 1 m, 5 fon 16 Apr 1961 and 1 fon 27 Jan 1963 at Burro Creek [A 64j]; foreign recovery, 8 f on 2 Jul 1962 and 3 fon 3 Jul 1963 at 0.25 mile S Rawhide Mine [A 67]; foreign recovery, 10 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY 1 f on 5 Nov 1960 at Mountaineer Mine, 8 miles S Vidal, Riverside County, California by A1 Beck. Banded 16 m, 16 fon 25 Jul 1963. 7b. tunnel, 1 mile N Rawhide Mine [A 64]. Banded 1 m on 10 Jul 1960.7c. Mine, 0.5 mile W Rawhide Mine [A 66]. Banded 36 m on 10jull960. 7d. Tunnels, 0.25 mileS Rawhide Mine [A 67]. Banded 20 m, 213 fon 2Jul 1962; recovered 1 m, 80 fon 25 Jun 1963; foreign recovery, 11 fon 25 Jul 1963 at 1 mile N Rawhide Mine [A61]; foreign recovery, 2 fon 14 Oct 1962 at Burro Creek [A64j]; foreign recovery, 1 fon 29 Jan 1964 at N side Riverside Mountains, 5 miles W Vidal, San Bernardino County, California by Al Beck; and foreign recovery, 1 f on 28 Aug 1962, about 85 miles ESE at Carl Pleasant Lake, Maricopa County, Arizona by Steve Gallezioli. Banded 70 m, 127 f on 25 Jul 1963. CHOERONYCTERIS MEXICANA TSCHUDI, MEXICAN LONG-TONGUED BAT Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi, Untersuchungen uber die fauna Peruana..., p. 72, type from Mexico. Comments This nectar-feeding bat is a native of Mexico but routinely occurs in southeastern Arizona in the summer months and occasionally in southwestern California. Constantine (1987) reported a male taken after it “flew to a block wall in central Las Vegas,” Clark County, Nevada, at 1:00 PM on 8 Sep 1983. As has been reported for other bats (e. g. Leptonycteris by Cockrum and Petryszyn, 1991; Nyctinomops macrotisitom British Columbia, Iowa and Kansas in Hall, 1981:246), migratory species tend to have some individuals that move, in late summer, to areas far from their normal ranges. It appears probable that the long-tongued bat will eventually be recorded from Mohave County. MYOTIS YUMANENSIS (H. ALLEN), YUMA MYOTIS Vespertilioyumanensis H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 7 COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 1 (165):58,Jun, 1864, type from Old Fort Yuma, Imperial County, California, on right bank of Colorado River, opposite present town of Yuma, Arizona. Myotisjumanemt!, Miller, North American Fauna, 13:66, Oct 16, Vespertilio macropus H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, p 288, 1866, type from Fort Mohave [near Fort Majaor, Colorado River, New Mexico], Mohave County, Ariz. (not Myotismacropus Gould, 1854, from Australia). Myotisyumanensisyumanensis, Miller and Allen, U.S.National Museum Bulletin, 144:65, 1928; Cockrum, Mammals of Ari¬ zona, Univ. Az. Press, I960, p. 35; Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 190; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 71. Myotis yumanensis, Suttkus, Clemmer and Jones, Tulane Univ., Belle Chasse, La., Museum Nat. Hist., Occas Papers, 2:4, 1978. Comments Sometime in 1864-65, “in theColorado Desert, near Fort Mojave” Elliott Coues (1867:284) shot a bat as “it was industriously capturing insects over a small pool, in broad daylight.” This specimen became the typeofthe newspecies, Vespertilio macropus ofH. Allen (1866:288). Later it was determined that this specimen was the same as the earlier named M. yumanensis. This species is noted for feeding almost exclusively over flowing water (Herd and Fenton, 1983:2029). Most of the records presented here are from sites within easy flight of running water and most are near the Colorado River. Only three of the 24l M. yumanensis were taken in mist nets over water. Two females were taken on 6 Jun 1961 in a net at Burro Creek bridge, another was taken on 25 Aug 1963 in a net over a tank at Alamo Crossing. None were taken over small pools such as water tanks and pools at the entrance to mines. All others were taken from day roosts. Large numbers were seen in crevices of Davis Dam on the Colorado River where an estimated 3500 were present on 15 Apr 1962 and an estimated 10,000 were present on 17 Sep I960. Since that time, various efforts have been made by professional pest control groups on 1 2 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Table 5. Myotisyumammis captures by month and sex. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed.captures Vwr mnntn and Month Males January 0 February 1 March 0 April 7 May 0 June 1 July 0 August 14 September 26 October 1 November 0 December 0 Totals 50 Females 0 1 1 99 0 53 1 32 2 0 0 2 191 Total 0 2 1 106 0 54 1 46 28 1 0 2 241 behalf of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers to eliminate bats from Table 3 summarizes by month and sex the individuals handled. Less than 3% of the total reported were taken between 1 Oct and 31 Mar. Obviously, no major winter roosts were found, even though some Yuma myotis were probably present throughout the winter. No maternity colonies and no hibernals were encountered in Mohave County. Crevices in the bridge over the spillway at Davis Dam as well as various construction joints served as transient roosts in both the spring and fall. None were observed there in mid-summer nor the winter. A small maternity colony was found in Nevada, only a tew miles from Davis Dam (locality A 69, tunnel, Jackass Flat). None were present in this tunnel on 9 Apt 1961 but on 29 Jun 1963.48 females and 1 male of an estimated 100 present were banded. On lOJul 1963, both adults and young were present. On 13 Aug 1961 onlyasingle male was present. . A few Yuma myotis were taken in the Burro Creek area, mainly in COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 13 the spring and fall. All 17 foreign recoveries (11 m, 6 f) were taken within 10 miles of the banding site. Records of occurrence Specimens examined:—Total, 29 (8 m, 21 f)> as follows: 3. 1 mile N Katherine Landing [A 18], 1 m on 12 Apr 1962, UA. [+3, UI, Telephone Pole Cove, 1 mile N Katherine Landing, of Davis Dam, Hoffmeister, 1986:72]. 4. Old Clack Ranch barn, 6 miles N Kingman, 1 m, 25 Sep 1959,UA. [= Hoffmeister, 1986:71.] 5. Davis Dam [A 26], 24 (1 m, 12 Apr I960; 2 m, 1 f, 13 Aug 1961; 2 m, 18 f, 13 Apr 1962; UA). [+4, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:72.] 8. Fort Mohave, 1 f, 14 Mar 1911, US. [Miller and Allen, 1928:67; Hoffmeister, 1986:72.] 9. Needle Rock Tunnel, 5 miles SETopock, 1 m, 12 Apr 1962, UA. 10. Lower tunnel. Burro Creek, 1 f, 28 Apr 1962, UA. [+1, UI, Lower Burro Creek, 63 miles S Kingman, Hoffmeister, 1986:72.] Literature:— 1. Sand Point, River Mile 294.5, left bank, 1, Suttkus, et aL, 1978:4. 7. 4.5 miles SE Kingman, Twin Wind Mills, 1, UI. Hoffmeister, 1986:72. Banding records:—Total banded, 199 (38 m, 161 f); total local recoveries 2 (1 m, 1 f); total foreign recoveries, 7 (4 m, 3 f); as follows: 2. Tunnel, Clark Co., Nev. [A69]. Banded 1 m, 48 fon 29 Jun 1962. 3. Tunnel, Katherine Landing [A 18]. Banded 1 m, 3 f on 30 Aug 1959. Banded 4 m on 17 Sep I960; recovered 1 m on 13 Aug 1961; foreign recovery, 1 m at Tunnels, Union Pass [A 20] on 26 Feb 1961. Banded 10 m, 28 fon 13 Aug 1961; foreign recoveries, 2 m at Davis Dam [A 26] on 15 Apr 1962 and 1 m at Tunnel, Clark Co., Nevada [A 69] on 29 Jun 1962. 5. Davis Dam [A 26]. Banded 21 m, 2 fon 17 Sep I960. Banded 78 fon 15 Apr 1963; recovery, 1 fon 10 Jul 1963; foreign recoveries, 2 f, Tunnel, Clark Co. Nev. [A 69] on 29 Jun 1962. 6. Tunnel j, Burro Creek [A 54j]. Banded 1 m on 1 Oct 1961. 6. Net, Burro Creek [A 56]. Banded 2 f on 6 Jun 1961. 11. Net, Alamo Crossing, Bill Williams River [A 68]. Retained 1 f taken on 25 Aug 1963 [specimen was at Kingman High-school]. 14 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY MYOTIS VELIFER VELIFER (ALLEN). CAVE MYOTIS Vespertilio velifer J. A. Allen, Bull. American Museum Nat Hist., 3:177, 10 Dec 1890, type Santa Cruz del Valle, from near Guadalajara, Jalisco. Myotis velifer , Miller, North American Fauna, 13,56, 16 Oct 1897- Myotis velifer brevis , Vaughan, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:509, Jul 23, 1954, type from Madera Canyon, 5000 ft., Santa RitaMts., Pima County [=SantaCruz County], Ariz.; Cockrum, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, I960, p. 37; Hall, Mam¬ mals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 196 . Myotis velifer velifer , Miller and Allen, U.S.National Museum Bulle¬ tin, 144:89, 1928; Hayward, Western New Mexico University (Silver City) Research in Science 1(1): 11, 15 Feb 1970; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 74. Comments Only one of the more than 1400 individuals taken in this study was captured in a mist net. Ten were taken from a day roost in a building. All others were taken in mine tunnels. When only a few cave myotis are present, they usually roost in a small crevice, often a drill hole in a mine tunnel (as in Burro Creek [A 54b], 16 Apr 1961 when 4 males were taken). As others join the roost, they usually cluster around the site where the first were roosting, even though they are in a less-sheltered situation. As shown in Table 6, none were taken during the winter (Nov - Mar). The earliest taken was 7 Apr, the latest was 1 Oct. The mine tunnel 3.5 miles E HWY 73 bridge over Burro Creek [A 57], served as a transient roost in early spring (Apr) and as a maternity colony later in the summer. On 7 Mar I960, no cave myotis, hut about 500 Taclaridn brasiliensis , were present. On 19 Apr I960 the estimated population of cave myotis was 25. On 28 Apr 1962, Twenty two (8 m, 14 f) were present along with about 2500 T. brasiliensis. On 17 May 1961,65 m and 31 f were present. On 16 Jul I960, over 1000 cave myotis were present, including 462 ad m, 331 ad f, and 300 COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 15 Table 6. Myotis velifer captures by month and sex. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Month Males Females Total January 0 0 0 February 0 0 0 March 0 0 0 April 180 141 321 May 128 100 228 June 113 20 33 July 464 333 797 August 24 22 46 September 3 7 10 October 11 3 14 November 0 0 0 December 0 0 o Totals 823 626 1449 young. On 7 Aug I960, only a single male was present. Some temperatures associated with roosting bats include: locality A 52,8 Apr, 2:30 PM —96° outside, 69° in roost; locality A 57,16 Jul, 12:00 noon—111°, 81°, and on 7 Aug—120°, 80°. The summer distribution of cave myotis is similar to that of the California leaf-nose bat. From the few records of banding and recoveries, we speculate that cave myotis spend the winter in some undiscovered hibernals in Yavapai or Coconino county and move down Burro Creek and the Bill Williams drainages during the spring. Some spend the summer months in this area while others move across the Colorado River, spending the summer in the Riverside Mountains in California (2 males, 1 female taken Jul 16-18, 1909 in an old building, Grinnell, 1918:261), in the Needles area or upstream in the lower part of Nevada (locality A 69). Individuals banded in the Burro Creek area were recovered in mines near Vidal Junction, San Bernar¬ dino County, California by A. J. Beck (see records below). Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:— Total, 13 (11 m, 2 f), as follows: 4. Big 16 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Sandy Creek, 50 miles ETopock, 1 m, 2 f, 21 Jul 1902), US. [3 skins, 16 alcoholics, Miller and Allen, 1928:91;Hall, 1981:196;Hoffmeister, 1986:74.] 6. Tunnel, 3-5 miles E Burro Creek, 3500 ft., 9 m, 19 Apr 1960, UA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:74.] 7- Net, tank, N side Bill Williams R., Alamo Crossing, 1 m, 8 Apr 1966, UA. Banding records: — Total banded, 1342 (740 m, 602 f); total local recoveries, 60 (39 m, 21 f); foreign recoveries, 31 (29 m, 2 f); as follows: 1. Tunnel, Clark Co., Nev. [A 69]. Banded 24 m, 22 f on 13 Aug 1961; recovered 4 m, 10 f on 29 Jun 1962; recovered 1 m on 10 Jul 1963. Banded 3 m, 16 fof70 on 29 Jun 1962. 2. Building, 43 miles S Kingman [A 59]. Banded 3 m, 7 f on 15 Sep 1962. 3. Tunnel, Needle Rock [A 52]. Banded 19 m, 5 f on 8 Apr 1962. 5. Tunnel b, Burro Creek [A 54b]. Banded 4 m on 16 Apr 1961; foreign recovery, at tunnel f, Burro Creek [A 54f], 1 m on 17 May 1961; foreign recovery, at tunnel g, Burro Creek [A 54g] ,1 m on 28 Apr 1962; foreign recovery, at tunnel j, Burro Creek [A54j], 1 m on 28 Apr 1962. 5. Tunnel d, Burro Creek [A 54d]. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 17 May 1961. 5. Tunnel e, Burro Creek [A 54e]. Banded 1 m on 17 May 1961. 5. Tunnel f, Burro Creek [A 54f]. Banded 12 m, 4 fon 17 May 1961; foreign recovery, at tunnel j, Burro Creek [A54j], 2 m on 28 Apr 1962. 5. Tunnel h, Burro Creek [A 54h]. Banded 18 m, 11 fon 16 Apr 1961; foreign recovery, 1 m at tunnel, S side Burro Creek [A 54 h] on 17 May 1961; foreign recoveries, 7 m at tunnel, S side Burro Creek [A 54h] on 28 Apr 1962. 5. Tunnel, S side Burro Creek [A 54j]. Banded 47 m, 55 fof700 on 17 May 1961; recovered 3 m, 1 fon 28 Apr 1962; foreign recovery, 1 f at mine tunnel, 2 miles SW Vidal, San Bernar¬ dino, County, California on 30 Jul 1961 by A. J. Beck. Banded 10 m, 3 fon 1 Oct 1961; banded 94 m, 111 fof232 on 28 Apr 1962; foreign recovery, 1 fat 7 miles SW Vidal Junction, San Bernardino County, California on 4 Aug 1964 by A. J. Beck. Banded 2 m, 1 fon 7 Apr 1963. 6. Tunnel, 3.5 miles E Burro Creek Bridge [A 57]. Banded 462 m, 331 fon 16 Jul I960; recovered, 31 m, 10 f on 17 May 1961; foreign recovery, 1 m at tunnel f, Burro Creek [A 54f] on 17 May 1961; foreign recoveries, 14 m at tunnel j, Burro Creek [A 54j] on 28 Apr 1961; foreign recovery, 1 m in State Highway patrol car, parked in Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona, on 5 Dec 1962. Banded 33 m, COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 17 23 f of 102 on 17 May 1961. Banded 7 m, 12 f on 28 Apr 1962. MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS OCCULTUS HOLLISTER. LITTLE BROWN BAT Myotisoccultus Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 22:43,10 Mar 1909, type from west side Colorado River, 10 miles above Needles, San Bernardino Co., California; Miller and Allen, U.S.National Museum Bulletin, 144:97,1928; Cockrum, Mam¬ mals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1960, p. 38; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 74. Myotis lucifugus occultus, Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 193. Comments One specimen of this species, taken on the 1873 Wheeler Expe¬ dition, is on deposit in the United States National Museum. Its origin is obscure. Miller and Allen (1928:97,100) reported that it consisted of a skin only and was from the “Mojave Desert.” In 1953, when Cockrum examined the mammals from Arizona in that collection, he did not see this specimen. In the early 1960’s Cockrum examined a skin with skull, in the United States National Museum, that may have been this specimen. It had been taken from the Mohave Desert, Arizona, on 18 Jul 1875. Hoffmeister (1986) did not report this specimen. Robert D. Fisher of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (in lit, 29 Oct 1990) wrote us that “USNM 12693 was catalogued on 29 Mar 1877 as an alcoholic collected in Jul (no date given) 1875 at Mohave Desert, Arizona.” There is no sex given. The ‘received from’ information is given as ‘Exp. W. of 100th M. Dr. O Loew’. ...The museum number given above ... is physically on the skull of this specimen even though it is a skin number. The other museum number (37446) is a bone number and is on the partial skeleton of this specimen. It was entered in the bone catalog on 17 Aug 1898. Here however, all data remained the same ... except that a complete collecting date (18 Jul 1875) was given and the specimen was attrib¬ uted to H W Henshaw. ...I can find no evidence that there ever was a standard skin for this specimen, even though Allen (1928) indicates 18 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY that he examined one.” That only three records of this species occurring in Mohave County are available is surprising in view of their long-known presence along the Colorado River, in California. The type of the species, from 10 miles N Needles, in San Bernardino Co. California, is an adult male taken on 14 May 1905; an adult female was taken at the same locality on 15 May 1905. “They were shot in the dense cottonwood bottom¬ lands of the Colorado River” (Hollister, 1909:44). Miller and Allen (1928:101) listed a female as a topotype; 4 females and one male from 5 miles NE Yuma, Imperial Co., California, taken on 3-4 May 1910 and one female from 4 miles S Potholes, Imperial Co., California, taken on 1 May 1910. The one from Pothole “was shot at late dusk close to the river bank between files of cottonwoods, in just the same association as those taken by Hollister [the type and cotype] ” (Grinnell, 1914:263). The five from northeast of Yuma “were shot over the water in a back eddy of the river.” (Grinnell, op. cit.). Grinnell was reporting on a collecting trip along the lower Colorado, accomplished by floating downstream from Needles. The trip began on the evening of 14 Feb 1910, and ended near Pilot Knob, California, on 15 May. Concerning this bat, he speculated: “The fact that our ... expedition failed to detect the presence of this bat until the first week in May would point towards its late spring arrival in the region generally.” Stager (1943:197-8) reported finding an adult male in a shallow pocket in a large abandoned copper mine in the Riverside Mountains, Riverside County, Ca. on 16 Aug 1937 and documented a maternity colony of about 800 in crevices of a bridge near Blythe, Riverside County. He found them to be present at least from 20 Apr through 13 Aug and absent in Feb. Myotis occultus is thought by some to be a subspecies of Myotis lucifugus, a species noted for feeding over water surfaces ( e. g. Barbour and Davis, 1969:44). Since the above records are all along the Colorado River, it appears probable that these bats also feed over open water. Grinnell (1914:263) reported that the bats “arrived in consid¬ erable numbers at early dusk to drink flitting down to the water’s surface and dipping several times before flying off among the willows and cottonwoods. We used a boat in shooting and retrieving the specimens.” Perhaps these bats were feeding as well as drinking. COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 19 Hoffmeister (1986:76) pointed out that the records cited by him were at higher elevations, either in riparian situations or in oak woodland or Ponderosa Pine forests. Probably all were within feeding range of permanent water. We speculate that the Colorado River populations move to higher elevations for hibernation, probably along the Bill Williams, Big Sandy and Burro Creek drainage to unknown sites in Yavapai or Coconino County. The female taken on 28 Apr in the Burro Creek area was moving from the winter range to the summer range. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined: — 1, as follows: 1. Mohave Desert, 1 ?, 18 Jul 1875, US. [Hoffmeister, 1986:77.] Banding records:— The banding records indicate that two were taken. Both were apparently retained and presumably prepared as specimens for the Kingman High School collection. Cockrum did not see these speci¬ mens. Data follows:— 2. Tunnel j, Burro Creek [A 54j]. Took 1 f on 28 Apr 1962. 2. Tunnel, 3.5 miles E Burro Creek [A 57]. Took 1 m on 16 Jul I960. MYOTIS THYSANODES THYSANODES MILLER. FRINGED MYOTIS Myotis thysanodes Miller, North American Fauna, 13:80, 16 Oct. 1897, type from Old Fort Tejon, Tehachapi Mts., Kern Co., Calif. Myotis thysanodes thysanodes , Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat.Museum, 144:126,1928; Cockrum, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1960, p. 41; Hoffmeister and Durham, Museum ofNorthern Az., Flagstaff, Tech. Series 11:26, 1971; Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 204; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 81. Comments A thesis by David Wright, completed in 1966 under Cockrum’s direction, was never published. Most of it was an evaluation of 20 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY geographic variations in morphological features. Several Comments in this thesis reflected Cockrum’s opinions concerning various aspects of this bat. The following observations concerning ecological distri¬ bution are pertinent. “That the habitat of Myotis thysanodes is the oak and pine forests of the Upper Sonoran and Transition Life Zones has been reported many times [five references, none to Mohave County, and the general statement...’’and many others”]. Data obtained through the bat banding program carried out by E. L. Cockrum and others at The University of Arizona (personal communication with E. L. Cockrum) indicate behavioral patterns within the oak-pine habitat that are important in a taxonomic evaluation of this species.” “Seasonal variations. Data primarily from colonies in Mohave County, Arizona, show that these hats separate into maternity colonies and male colonies during the spring and summer, although a few male individuals are usually present in the maternity colonies. Male colonies are found at higher elevations than the female roosts and are more numerous but contain fewer individuals. Normally both males and females show a high preference for a specific cave as a summer roost, but males taken from maternity colonies show less preference for the cave from which they were taken than do individuals taken from all-male colonies. Both males and females also seem to prefer particu¬ lar watering places.... Hackberry Consolidated Mine represents a maternity colony, as shown by the high percentage of females to males and the presence of newborn young on 3 Jul 1960. Other maternity colonies not yet located are probably present... [in the following areas]... as mist net records show high ratios of females to males at watering sites at Democrat and Flag mines (Hualapai Mountains), Stockton Hills mine (Cerbat Mountains), and in the Union Pass area (Black Mountains). ...” “Banding records also demonstrate that there is some movement from one day roost to another in the summer months, but that this movement is not over a great distance and is within the same general ecological situation....” “Homing experiments, however, have shown that with this spe¬ cies there is a strong tendency to return to a particular roost, not only from one year to the next... but also during the same summer. COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 21 Table 7. Myotis thysanodes captures by month and sex. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Net and roost refer to type of location. Month net roost total m f m f m f January 0 + 0 = 0 2 + 0 = 2 2 + 0 = 2 February 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 March 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 2 = 2 0 + 2 = 2 April 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 May 0 + 4 = 4 0 + 1 = 1 0 + 5 = 5 June 24 + 46 = 70 0 + 0 = 0 24 + 46 = 70 July 113 +229 = 342 143 + 286 = 429 256 + 511 = 567 August 11 + 3 = 14 81 + 229 = 31 92 + 232 = 324 September 0 + 0 = 0 1 + 4 = 5 1 + 4 = 5 October 2 + 0 = 2 2 + 0 = 2 4 + 0 = 4 November 0 + 0 = 2 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 December 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 Totals 150 +282 = 432 229 + 504 = 733 379 +' 786 = 1165 [Examples from Cochise County are given]. ...It seems likely there¬ fore, that although more than one day roost in the same general vicinity can be, and are, utilized by individuals when necessary, one particular day roost is preferred.” “In late summer and early fall, dormant individuals of both sexes have been found in cool damp mine tunnels in Mohave County. These include the following: One female was taken on 1 Sep 1961 in the OK Mine, 68 miles north of Kingman in a desert area at 4000 feet elevation. Air temperature in the tunnel was 16.7 degrees Centigrade. On 17 Sep 1961, a single dormant male was taken in Sulphur tunnel (air temperature 21.7 degrees centigrade), 4 miles northwest of Oatman, and one male was taken in a wet tunnel 5 miles northwest of Oatman. On 25 Sep 1961, three females were taken from the wet Jim Kane Mine in the Cerbat Mountains northwest of Kingman.” “Some active individuals have also been found in early fall in Mohave County, but these have been in drier and warmer situations. On 1 Oct 1961, a single male was taken in the mine tunnel on Lower Burro Creek where Myotis velifer and Mncrotus cnlifornicus are usually 22 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY found. A single male was taken on 22 Oct I960 in the attic of an abandoned house at Cave [=Cane] Springs, Big Sandy River. Ten Plecotus townsendii and one Myotis californicus were also present. These two M. thysanodes were possibly young of the year or adults that had not yet accumulated enough body fat to undergo hibernation, and were seeking a warmer environment in an attempt to prolong their feeding period.” “Few Fringed myotis have been found in this general area during the winter. Two males were found on 21 Jan 1962 in Flag Mine, elevation 7000 feet, in the Hualapai Mountains. Two females were found on 25 Mar 1961 in Hackberry Consolidated Mine. All of these animals were torpid at the time of capture.” Some of the supporting data for these statements are given in Table 7. As shown all but 18 of 1165 individuals were captured in the months of Jun, Jul and Aug. Four hibernating males were taken between 22 Oct and 15 May. About two-thirds were taken from day roosts. Sex ratios were about 2:1 in both situations. Temperatures associated with roosting bats include: Roost 42a, at 1200 on 20 Jan—34° outside, 44° in roost, 8.1°C body tempera¬ ture. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:— Total, 11 (4 m, 7 f), as follows: 1. Jun Tank, SofFindlay Knolls, 5500 ft., 1 f, 16 Jul 1975, MNA. 2. Nixon Spring, Mount Trumbull, 2 (1 f, 16 Jul 1964, UA; 1 m, 4 Aug 1969, MNA). [= Nixon Spring, 9 miles ESE Trumbull P. O., 6500 ft., 2, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26; [Hoffmeister, 1986:81.] 5. Hackberry Consolidated Mine, Peacock Mtns, 26 miles NE Kingman, 2 (1 m, 1 f, 3 Jul 1960), UA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:81.] 6. Cohenour Springs, Cohenour Canyon, 11 miles N Kingman, 4200 ft., 1 f, 25 May 1976, MNA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:81.] 7. Stockton Hills Mine, N of Kingman, 1 f, 4 Oct 1962, UA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:81.] 9. Beale’s Spring, 1 f, US. [Miller and Allen, 1928:127; =Beale Spring, Hoffmeister, 1986:81.] 10. 1 mile SW Union Pass, 1 f, 10 Jul 1962, UA. [+1,UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:81.] 10. Tunnel, 2 miles'WBowelli [=Bohelli Ranch], 16 miles W Kingman, 1 .Hoffmeister, 1986:81. 13. Twin Windmills, 4.5 miles SE Kingman, 1 m, 5 Jul I960, UA. COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 23 [Hoffmeister, 1986:81.] 14. Flag Mine, 7000 ft., Hualapai Mts., 1 m, 3 Jul 1962, UA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:81.] Literature:— 3. 0.5 mile NE Vulcan’s Throne, 4600 ft., 1, UI. Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26; Hoffmeister, 1986:81. 13. Tunnel, N end Hualpai [sic] Mts., 9 miles SE Kingman, 1, UI. Hoffmeister, 1986:81. 16. Beside Democrat Mine, 13 miles ESE Kingman, Hualpai [sic] Mts., 1, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:81. Banding records: — Total banded, 1162 (321 m, 741 f); total local recoveries, 189 (3 m, 186 f); total foreign recoveries, 17 (4 m, 13 f); as follows: 4. Tunnel, 68 miles N Kingman [A 1]. Banded 1 f on 1 Sep 1961. 5. Tunnel, 28.5 miles NE Kingman [A 5]. Banded 32 m, 82 f on 3 Jul I960 and released in Kingman; recovered 32 f on 26 Jul I960; recovered 72 fon 14 Aug 1961; recovered42 fon Aug 1963; foreign recovery, 1 f at 3 miles S Hackberry [A 8] on 15 May 1961; foreign recovery, 1 f at net, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 37] on 5 Jul 1960. Banded 26 m, 154 f on 26 Jul 1961. Banded 2 f on 25 Mar 1961. Banded 10 m, 50 fon 14 Aug 1961; recovered 17 fon 3 Aug 1963. Banded 36 m, 65 fon 3 Aug 1963. 6. Net, tunnel 17 miles NW Kingman [A 10]. Banded 1 mon28 Jun 1963- 7. Net, tunnel Cerbat Mts. [A 6]. Banded 2 m, 7 f on 8 Jul 1962; recovered 1 f at Tunnel, 8 miles N Kingman on 18 Jul 1962. 7. Net, tunnel 2.5 miles N Stockton Hills Mine [A 7]. Banded 2 m, 4 fon 27 Jun 1963. 9. Net, Tunnel 8 miles N Kingman [All]. Banded 4 m, 12 f of 20 on 6 Jul 1962; recovered 1 f on 8 Jul 1962; recovered 1 f on 1 Jul 1963; recovered 1 f on 17 Jul 1963. Banded 9 m, 21 f on 8 Jul 1962; recovered 1 f on 18 Jul 1962; recovered 1 m on 1 Jul 1963; recovered 1 fon 17 Jul 1963. Banded 5 m, 13 fon 18 Jul 1962; recovered 1 f on 17 Jul 1963. Banded 1 m, 11 fon 1 Jul 1963; recovered 1 m on 17 Jul 1963. Banded 7 m, 13 f on 17 Jul 1963. 8. Tunnel, 16 miles NW Kingman [A 13]. Banded 3 fon 24 Sep 1961. 8. Net, tunnel 1 mile W Stockton Hills mine [A 15]. Banded 2 m on 26 Jun 1963; foreign recovery, 1 m at tunnel, 8 miles N Kingman [A 11] on 1 Jul 1963. 10. Net, tunnel 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]. Banded 2 m, 20 fon 10 Jul 1962; recovered 10 fon 26 Jul 1962. Banded 13 m, 42 fon 26 Jul 1962. Banded 1 m on 3 Jul 1963. Banded 1 m, 1 f on 23 Jul 1963. 11. Net, 1.5 miles SE Kingman [A 31]. Banded 1 fon 26 Aug 1961. 12. Net in tunnel, 9 miles SE Kingman [A 24]. Banded 4 m on 19 24 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Aug 1959. Banded 6 m on 7 Aug I960. Banded 6 m on 15 Jul 1962; foreign recovery, 1 m at tunnel 8 miles N Kingman [All] on 25 Jun 1963. 12. Tunnel a, 11 miles SE Kingman [A 25a]. Banded 1 m on 13 Jul 1961. Banded 1 m on 7 Aug 1963. 12. Tunnel b, 11 miles SE Kingman [A 25b]. Banded 2 m on 13 Jul 1961. Banded 14 m on 7 Aug 1963- 13. Net, 7.5 miles SE Kingman [A 30]. Banded 1 m on 5 Jul 1962. 13. Tunnel, 11 miles SE Kingman and then 1.25 miles Wup wash [A33]. Banded 1 m on 13 Jul 1961. 13. Net, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman [A37]. Banded 1 m on 25 Aug I960. Banded 1 m on 6 Jul 1962. 11. Tunnel, 1.5 miles SW Kingman [A 38]. Banded 1 m on 11 Aug I960. Banded 1 m on 20 Aug I960. 12. Net, 8 miles SSE Kingman [A 39]. Banded 1 m on 4 Aug 1960. Banded 1 f on 10 Aug I960. Banded 1 f on 23 Jul 1962. 12. Net, 6.5 miles SSE Kingman [A40]. Banded 1 fon 4 Aug I960. 14. Net, entrance Flag Mine [A 43b]. Banded 6 m, 4 f on 12Jun 1962; recovered 1 f on 23 Jul 1962. Banded 4 m, 10 f on 3 Jul 1962; foreign recovery 1 m at tunnel, 5 miles S Hualapai Mountain Park [A 46] on 28 Jul 1963. Banded 15 m, 20 f on 11 Jul 1962; foreign recovery, 1 f at tunnel, 5 miles S Hualapai Mountain Park [A 46] on 12 Jul 1963. Banded 10 m, 10 f on 23 Jul 1962; recovery 1 m on 4 Jul 1963; foreign recovery, 1 fat tunnel 5 miles S Hualapai Mountain Park [A46] on 12 Jul 1963. Banded 2 m on 10 Oct 1962. Banded 4 f on 20 May 1963; foreign recovery, 1 fat tunnel 5 miles S Hualapai Mountain Park [A 46] on 12 Jul 1963; foreign recoveries, 1 m, 1 fat tunnel 5 miles S Hualapai Mountain Park, on 28 Jul 1963. Banded 21 m, 32 f on 4 Jul 1963; foreign recoveries 2 f at tunnel 5 miles S Hualapai Mountain Park [A 46] on 12 Jul 1963; foreign recoveries, 3 fat tunnel 5 miles S Hualapai Mountain Park [A 46] on 28 Jul 1963. Banded 16 m, 12 f on 27 Jul 1963; foreign recoveries, 2 f at tunnel 5 miles S Hualapai Mountain Park [A 46] on 28 Jul 1963. 15. Tunnel, 5 miles N Oatman [A44]. Banded 1 m on 17 Aug 1961. 16. Net, tunnel 5 miles S Hualapai Mtn. Park [A 46]. Banded 1 m, 16 f on 7 Jul 1963. Banded 6 m, 30 f on 12 Jul 1963. Banded 17 m, 51 f on 28 Jul 1963. 15. Tunnel, 4 miles N Oatman [A48]. Banded 1 m on 17 Sep 1961. 16. Net, tunnel, 5 miles S Hualapai Mountain Park [A 45]. Banded 1 m, 16 f on 7 Jul 1963; recovered 1 fon 28 Jul 1963. Banded 6 m, 30 fon 12 Jul 1963; recovered 4 fon 28 Jul 1963. Banded 17 m, 51 fon 27 Jul 1963. 17. COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 25 Table 8. Myotis volans captures by month and sex. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Month Males Fern January 2 0 February 0 0 March 0 0 April 0 0 May 2 3 June 2 21 July 85 128 August 8 18 September 0 1 October 0 0 November 0 0 December 0 0 Totals 99 171 Total 2 0 0 0 5 23 213 26 1 0 0 0 270 Building, Cane Springs [A 30]. Banded 1 m on 22 Oct I960. 18. Tunnel j, Burro Creek [A 54j]. Banded 1 m on 1 Oct 1961. MYOTIS VOLANS INTERIOR MILLER. LONG-LEGGED MYOTIS Myotis longicrus interior Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 27:211, 31 Oct. 1914, type from 5 miles S Twining [11300 ft.], Taos Co., New Mexico. Myotis volans interior , Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. National Museum, 144:142, 25 May 1928; Cockrum, Mammals of Ari¬ zona, Univ. Az. Press, I960, p.43; Hoffmeister and Durham, Museum of Northern Az., Flagstaff, Tech. Series 11:26, 1971; Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981,p. 198. Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 83. Comments The only Myotis volans taken in this study were in or near the high 26 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY elevation mountains: Black Rock Mountain, Mt. Trumbull, and Hualapai Mountain. As indicated in Table 8, about 270 were captured. All but three or four were taken in flight. Two hibernating males were recorded in Flag Mine on 20 Jan 1962. Temperature 300' into the tunnel was 44°F; rectal temperature was 10.0°C. Active individuals were recorded as early as 1 May [G 39] and as late as 27 Sep [G 37]. Day roosts have not yet been identified. Records of Occurrence ^Specimens examined: —Total, 17 (6 m, 11 f), as follows: 1. Trails End, Black Rock Mtn., 11.3 miles SE Littlefield, 7100 ft., 1 f, 3 Aug 1969, MNA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:84.] 2. Nixon Spring, 6250 ft., Mt. Trumbull, 1 f, 16 Jul 1964, UA; 2 m, 24-25 May 1933, MVZ; 4 f, 4 Aug 1969, MNA. [Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26; 4, MNA, 1,UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:84.] 2. Mt. Trumbull, 1 m, 30 Jul 1937, SDSNH. 4. Twin Windmill, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman, 1 f, 18 Jul 1959; 1 f, 5 Jun 1961; 1 m, 1 f, 15 Aug 1961; 1 m, 1 f, 8 Aug 1963, UA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:84.] 5. Flag Mine, Hualapai Mts., 1 m, 1 f, 3 Jul 1962, UA. [+ 4, UI, =Flag Mine, Hualpai [sic] Mts., Hoffmeister, 1986:84.] Literature:— 4. 8 miles SE Kingman, 1, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:84. Banding records:— Total banded, 240 (87 m, 153 f); total local recoveries, 10(2 m, 8 f); total foreign recoveries, 1 f; as follows: 3. Net, tunnel 9 miles SE Kingman [A 24]. Banded 1 m on 7 Aug I960. Banded 1 fon 15 Jul 1962.3. Tunnel b, 11 miles SE Kingman [A25b]. Banded 1 fon 7 Aug 1963. 4. Net, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 37]. Banded 1 fon 13 Sep 1960. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 8 Aug 1961. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 11 Aug 1961. Banded 1 fon 12 Aug 1961. Banded 2 m on 13 Aug 1961. Banded 1 fon 23 May 1962. 4. Net, 8 miles SSE Kingman [A39]- Banded 3 fon 4 Aug I960. Banded 1 m, 4 fon 16 Aug 1961. Banded 2 fon 1 May 1962. Banded 2 fon 10 Jun 1962. Banded 1 m, 4 f on 23 Jul 1962. 5. Net, entrance Flag Mine [A 43b]. Banded 2 m, 18 f on 12 Jun 1962. Banded 3 m, 7 f on 3 Jul 1962; recovered 2 f on 23 Jul 1962; recovered 2 f on 4 Jul 1963. Banded 9 m, 7 f on 11 Jul 1962; recovered 1 m on 23 Jul 1962; recovered 1 f on COCKRUM, M US GROVE, & PETRYSZYN 27 4 Jul 1963. Banded 9 m, 9 f on 23 Jul 1962; foreign recovery, 1 f at tunnel, 3 miles S Hualapai Mountain Park [A 46] on 28 Jul 1963. Banded 39 m, 73 f on 4 Jul 1963; recovered 1 m, 2 f on 27 Jul 1963. Banded 1 fon 12 Jul 1963; recovered 1 fon27 Jul 1963. Banded 16 m, 8 f on 27 Jul 1963. 6. Net, tunnel 5 miles S Hualapai Mtn. Park [A46]. Banded 2 m, 5 fon 12 Jul 1963. Banded 3 fon 28 Jul 1963. MYOTIS CALIFORNICUS STEPHENSI DALQUEST. CALIFORNIA MYOTIS Myotis californicus stephensi Dalquest, Proc. Biol Soc. Washington, 59:67, Mar. 11, 1946 (to replace pallidus Stephens, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13:153, Jun 12, 1900 (which is preoccupied); Cockrum, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, I960, p. 44; Hoffmeister and Durham, Mus. Northern Az., Flagstaff, Techni¬ cal Series 11:25, 1971; Bogan, U. S. Dept.Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report 3:22, 1975; Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 187; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 87. Myotis californicus pallidus. Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Museum, 144:157, 1928. Myotis californicus californicus, Hoffmeister and Durham, Mus. Northern Az., Flagstaff, Technical Series 11:25, 1971 (from 0.5 miles NE Vulcan’s Throne, 4600 ft.). Comments California myotis occur throughout the area. Most were taken in mist nets over water (Table 9). Only 29 were taken in roosts and these were usually solitary individuals hanging in a crevice near the front of a mine tunnel or in a building. Small clusters in rock crevices probably are the usual roosting situation. Most were taken in the dry season of Jun and Jul. None were taken in the Nov, Dec or Jan and no hibernals were found. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:— Total, 69 (30 m, 39 f), as follows: 1. 28 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Table 9. Myotis califomicus captures by month, sex, and place of colleting activities. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Month net roost total m f m f m f January 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0= 0 0 + o ii o February 0 + 0 = 0 1 + 1 = 2 1 + 1 = 2 March 0 + 0 = 0 0 + o it o 0 + o ii o April 1 + 0 = 1 0 + 1 = 1 1 + 1 = 2 May 6 + 3 = 9 0 + 0= 0 6 + 3= 9 June 13 + 21 = 34 0 + 2= 2 13 + 23= 36 July 32 + 83 = 115 9 + 0= 9 41 + 83= 124 August 0 + 3 = 3 2 + 5= 7 2 + 8= 10 September 5 + 1 = 6 2 + 5= 7 7 + 6= 13 October 0 + 1 = 1 0 + 1 = 1 1 + 1 = 2 November 0 + 0 = 0 0 + o n o 0 + o ii o December 0 + 0 = 0 0 + o II o 0 + o II o Totals 57 + 112 = 169 14 + 15= 29 71 +127= 198 Limekiln Canyon, 5000 Ft, Wslope Virgin Mts., 1 f, l40ct 1936, US. [HofFmeister, 1986:87.] 2 . Buckhorn Spring, T 34 N, R 16 W, Sec 26,1600 ft., 3 m, 4 May 1976; 3 m; 2 f, 19 May 1978, MNA. 7. 2.5 miles N Stockton Hills, 2 f, 26-27 Jun 1963; 1 m, 17 Jul 1963, UA. 9. Old Clack Ranch barn, 6 miles N Kingman, 1 f, 25 Sep 1959, UA. [HofFmeister, 1986:87.] 9. Beale’s Spring, 2 m, US. [Miller and Allen, 1928:158; HofFmeister, 1986:87.] 11. 1 mile SW Union Pass, 1 m, 10 Jul 1962, UA. 12. Twin Windmills, 4.5 miles SE Kingman, 2 F, 13 Jul 1959; 1 F, 18 Jul 1959; 1 F, 5 Jul I960; 1 F, 5 Jun 1961; m, 2 F, 6 Jul 1962, UA. 13. 6.5 miles SE Kingman, 2 F, 5 Jul 1962, UA. 13. 7.5 miles SE Kingman, 1 F, 9 Jul 1963, UA. 14. 4.5 miles N Oatman, 1 m,31 Jul 196l,UA. 14. Sulfur tunnel, 4 miles NOatman, 2 m, 31 Jul 1961, UA. 16. Flag Mine, 7000 Ft., Hualapai Mts, 8 m, 11 F, 4 Jul 1963; 1 F, 28 Jul 1963; UA. [=1, UI, Flag Mine, Hualpai {sic) Mts., HofFmeister, 1986:87.] 17. King Mine, Stone Bldg., S slope Hualapai Mts, 1 F, 17 Sep I960, UA. [= King Mine, stone Bldg., S slope Hualpai {sic) Mts., 2 f, UI, HofFmeister, 1986:87.] 19. Little COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 29 Meadows, alcohol, 2 m, 4 f, 20 Jun 1902, US. [Hoffmeister, 1986:87.] 20. Big Sandy Creek, 50 miles ETopock, 1 m, US. [Miller and Allen, 1928:158; Hoffmeister, 1986:87.] 21. Mellen, Colorado River, 2, MVZ. [Miller and Allen, 1928:158; Hoffmeister, 1986:87.] 22. Burro Creek Bridge, 1 f, 6 Jun 1961, UA. 23. Gold Spring, 1950 ft., Chemehuevis Mts., 1 m, 1 f, 22,25 Feb 1938, SDSNH. 24. Bill Williams River, 3 m, 2 f, US. [Miller and Allen, 1928:158]. 25. N side Bill Williams River, Alamo Crossing, 1 m, 19 Apr 1966, UA. Literature:— 3. 3 miles W Lower Pigeon Spring, 4400 ft., 1, UI, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:25; Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 5. Mile 179.8, N side Colo. R., Grand Canyon Natl. Mon., 1, MNA, Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 4. 0.5 mile NE Vulcan’s Throne, 4600 ft., 1, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:25; Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 9. Cohenour Springs, Cohenour Canyon, 11 miles N Kingman, 1, MNA, Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 7. Chloride, 2, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 10. 1 mile N Katherine Landing, 1, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 10. Davis Dam, 30 mi W Kingman, 1, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 11. 1 mile SW Union Pass, 11, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 12. 1 mile N Kingman, 2, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 13. 6.5 miles SE Kingman, 2, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 13. Upper Windmill, 8 miles SSE Kingman, 1, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 18. Cane Springs Area, Big Sandy [exact locality not known], 1, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:87. 22. 3.5 miles E Burro Creek Bridge, 76 miles S Kingman, on highway 93, 3, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:87. Banding records:—Total banded, 122 (4l m, 81 f); total local recovery, 1 f; as follows: 6. Tunnel, 68 miles N Kingman [A 1]. Banded 1 mon 1 Sep 1961. Banded 1 mon8Jul 1963. 7. Net, tunnel Cerbat Mts. [A6]. Banded 1 m, 2 fon 8 Jul 1962. 7. Net, tunnel 2.5 miles N Stockton Hills Mine [A 7]. Banded 2 f on 27 Jun 1963. 8. Net, tunnel 17 miles NWKingman [A 10]. Banded 1 m, 1 f on 28 Jun 1963. 9. Net, tunnel 8 miles N Kingman [A 11]. Banded 1 m, 1 f on 8Jul 1962. Banded 1 fon 18 Jul 1962. Banded 2 fon 25 Jun 1963. Banded 1 m,3fon 1 Jul 1963. Banded4fon 17Jul 1963. 10. Tunnel, 7-5 miles E Davis Dam [A 17c]. Banded 1 fon 9 Sep 1961. 10. Davis Dam [A 26]. Banded If on 15 Apr 1962. 11. Net, tunnel 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]. Banded 1 m on 10 Jul 1962. Banded 3 m, 3 fon 30 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY 26 Jul 1962. Banded 10 m, 17 f on 3 Jul 1963; recovered 1 f on 23 Jul 1963. Banded 5 m, 14 fon 23 Jul 1963. 11. Tunnels, Union Pass [A 20]. Banded 2 f of 50 on 30 Aug I960. 12. Net, 1 mile NW Kingman [A 22a]. Banded 5 m on 17 Sep 1961. 12. Building, 4 miles E Kingman [A23a]. Banded 2 fon 25 Sep I960. 12. Net, 1.5 miles SE Kingman [A31]. Banded 1 fon 26 Aug 1961. 12. Net, 3-5 miles SSE Kingman [A34]. Banded 1 fon 13 Aug 1961. 12. Net,4.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 37]. Banded 3 m, 3 f on 13 Jul I960. Banded 2 f on 16 Jul 1960. Banded 4 f on 11 Jul 1961. Banded 2 fon 13 Aug 1961. Banded 2 fon 8 Jun 1962. 12. Tunnel, 1.5 miles SW Kingman [A38]. Banded 1 m on 11 Aug 1960. 13. Net, 6.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 40]. Banded 4 f on 9 Jun 1962. 14. Tunnel, 5 miles N Oatman [A44]. Banded 1 fon 17 Aug 1961. 14. Tunnel, 4 miles N Oatman [A 48]. Banded 1 m, 1 f of 3 on 17 Sep 1961. 13. Tunnel, 4.5 miles E Oatman [A 47]. Banded 1 m, 3 f on 25 Aug I960. 18. Building, Cane Springs [A 50]. Banded 1 fon 22 Oct 1960. 25. Upper tunnel, 1 mile N Rawhide Mine [A 61]. Banded 4 m on 25 Jul 1963. 25. Tunnel, 600 ft above Rawhide Mine [A 63]. Banded 1 m on 25 Jul 1963. MYOTIS CILIOLABRUMMELANORHINUS (MERRIAM). WESTERN SMALL-FOOTED MYOTIS Vespertilio melanorhinus Merriam, North American Fauna, 3:46, 11 Sep, 1890, type from Little Spring, north base San Francisco Mountain, 8250 ft., Coconino County, Ariz. Myotis ciliolnbrum melanorhinus , Van Zyull de Jong, Canadian Zool. Jour., 62:2526, 1984. Myotis leibii melanorhinus, Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 89. Myotissubulatus melanorhinus, Hoffmeister and Durham, Museum of Northern Az., Flagstaff, Tech. Series 11:26, 1971. Hall, Mam¬ mals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 188. Comments During this study no Myotis ciliolabrum were found in day roosts COCKRUM, M US GROVE, & PETRYSZYN 31 Table 10. Myotis ciliolabrum captures by month and sex. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Month Males Females Total January 1 1 2 February 0 0 0 March 1 0 1 April 0 5 5 May 1 1 2 June 3 7 10 July 24 10 34 August 3 4 7 September 0 1 1 October 0 0 0 November 0 0 0 December 0 2 2 Totals 33 31 64 in Mohave County. All taken were captured in nets over water. The nets were very inefficient in capturing these small Myotis, For example, on the night of 13 Jul 1959 at Twin Windmills, 63 bats, including five small Myotis, were captured. Notes at that time include: “probably over 1,000 bats take water here each evening.” Musgrove observed about 50 small Myotis coming to drink at this same water tank between 7:45 and 9:00 PM on 17 Apr 1962. The only two taken were this species. On 17 Apr 1962, at Twin Windmills, Musgrove noted: “estimated 50 [M. ciliolabrum ] came in between 7:45 and 9:00 PM.” However, only two were captured in the nets. On 6 Mar 1963, at Flag Mine, only one of several small Myotis was taken and it was a male of this species. The number of specimens examined taken from this locality were 23 males and 10 females. In contrast, the ratio at lower elevations was 17 females to five males, taken mainly in the warm months. The actual population present in the Hualapai Mountain region is probably much larger than the banding and collecting records indicate. As shown in Table 10, most small-footed myotis were taken in Jun and Jul—the dry season when bats concentrate at the few available sources of water. Some were taken each month except Feb, 32 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Oct and Nov. Air temperatures recorded at the time of capture (in flight, at water source) ranged from 28°F at 6:30 PM on 14 Dec to 78°F at 10:00 PM on 10 Aug. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:—Total, 49 (21 m, 28 f), as follows: 3. Jun Tank,SofFindlayKnolls,5500ft.,4m,16 Ju11975,MNA. 4. Nixon Spring, Mt. Trumbull, 1 m, 16 Jul 1964, UA. 5.2.5 miles N Stockton Hills, 2 f, 27 Jun 1963, UA. 5- 1 mile N Stockton Hills, 2 f, 26 Jun 1963,1 m, 27 Jun 1963, UA. 5. Stockton Hills, 1 m, 17 Jul 1963, UA. 6. Union Pass, 1 f, 23 Jul 1963, UA. 7. Twin Windmills, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman, 2 f, 13 Jul 1959; 2 m, 3 f, 5 Jul I960; 2 f; 16 Jul 60; 1 m, 11 Aug61;2f; UA. [+ 7, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:89.] 7. 6.5 miles SE Kingman, 1 f, 5 Jul 1962, UA. [+ 1, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:89.] 7. 7.5 miles SE Kingman, 2 f, 5 Jul 1962; 1 f, 16 Jul 1962, UA. 8. Mist net, Flag Mine, 7000 ft., Hualapai Mts, 2 m, 1 f, 3 Jul 1962; 2 m, 11 Jul 1962; 4 m, 1 f, 23 Jul 1962; 2 f, 14 Dec 1962; 3 f, 30 Jan 1962; 12 m, 3 f, 4 Jul 1963; 3 m, 27 Jul 1963, UA. [+ Flag Mine, Hualpai (sic) Mts., 3, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:89.] Literature:— 1. Pipe Spring Nat’l. Mon., 5000 ft., 1, UI, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26; Hoffmeister, 1986:89. 2. Diamond Butte, 4700 ft., 2, UI, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26. 5. 16 miles NW Kingman, SE edge Mineral Park, 1 UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:89. 7. 5 miles SE Kingman, 1, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:89. 7. 8 miles SE Kingman, 2, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:89. Banding records:—Total banded, 7 (3 m, 4 f)> 35 follows: 8. Net, entrance Flag Mine [A 43b]. Banded 2 m, 4 f on 12 Jun 1962; recovered 1 m on 4 Jul 1963. Banded 1 m on 6 Mar 1963. LASIONYCTER1S NOCTIVAGANS (LE CONTE). SILVER-HAIRED BAT V\espertilio \. noctivagans Le Conte, in McMurtrie, The Animal Kingdom...by The Baron Cuvier..., l:[app.] 431, Jun 1831, type from eastern United States. Lasionycteris noctivagans , Peters, Monatsber, k. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 33 Berlin for 1865, p. 648; HofFmeister and Durham, Museum of Northern Az., Flagstaff, Tech. Series 11:26, 1971; Hall, Mam¬ mals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 104. Comments This species occurs from the southern parts of Alaska and Canada southward through most of the United States to northeastern Mexico. Kunz (1982:2), in his summary, indicated that a seasonal north-south migration was usual and that day roosts were probably in crevices in the bark and boles of various trees. Silver-haired Bats may occur in most of Mohave County only during the migratory season, but this is not certain. Only a single record is available and none were taken by us. Probably they occur routinely every winter along the Colorado River. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:— None. Literature:— 1. Pakoon Springs, 1, May 1, Nevada Southern University), Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26. Banding records:— None. PIPISTRELLUS HESPERUS HESPERUS (H. ALLEN). WESTERN PIPISTRELLE Scotophilus hesperus H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 7:43, Jun, 1864, type from Old Ft. Yuma, Imperial County, California, on right bank of Colorado River, opposite present town of Yuma, Arizona. Pipistrellus hesperus , Miller, North American Fauna, 13:88, 16 Oct. 1897. Pipistrellus hesperus hesperus , Cockrum, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, I960, p. 48; Hoffmeister and Durham, Museum of Northern Az., Flagstaff, Tech. Series 11:26, 1971; Hall, Mam¬ mals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 211; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 93. 34 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Table 11. Pipistrellus hesperus captures by month and sex. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Month Males Female Total January 0 0 0 February 6 0 8 March 3 2 5 April 1 15 16 May 8 7 15 June 31 78 109 July 205 628 833 August 62 90 152 September 1 0 1 October 0 0 0 November 0 0 0 December 0 0 0 Totals 317 820 1137 Pipistrellus hesperus, Suttkus, Clemmer and Jones ,TulaneUniv., Belle Chasse, La., Museum Nat. Hist., Occas Papers, 2:4, 978. Comments Few pipistrelles have been found in day roosts. Of the hundreds of visits to mine tunnels during this study only one [locality A 17] contained a pipistrelle—a single male. A female was taken from a rock crevice in the Burro Creek area. Some of the museum specimens may have been taken from day roosts but most were probably shot as they flew about in the early evening. The bats banded by us were taken in mist nets. Pipistrelles are adept at avoiding nets, perhaps in part because they often fly in early twilight when the net is probably detected by vision as well as by echolocation. Usually they avoid the net but they occasionally hit and bounce or flutter off—sometimes landing in the water. Most were taken in Jun and Jul, the dry season when the bats are forced to use the few available water sources. Many females are gravid during the dry season, with greatly reduced maneuverability, hence the sex ratio of captures shown in Table 11. After the rainy season arrives, the numbers seen and captured dropped dramatically. COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 35 Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:— Total, 57 (14 m, 23 f, 20 ?), as follows: 1. Beaverdam, 1, US. [Miller, 1897:89- =Beaver Dam, 1, US, Hoffmeister, 1986:93]. 2. 2.5 miles SEMoccasin, 2 f, 30 May I960, UA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:93-] 2. Pakoon Spring Ranch, near Grand Wash, 1 f. 12 Aug 1964; 4, UA. [= Pakoon Spgs., 2300 ft., 3, UI, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26; Hoffmeister, 1986:93.] 3- 10 miles N Wolf Hole, 3800 ft., 2800 ft., 1 m, 1 f, 3,20 May 1933, MVZ. 6. Nixon Spring, 6250 ft., Mt. Trumbull, 1 m, 27 May 1933, MVZ. [Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26.] 7. Buckhorn Spring, T 34 N, R 16 W, Sec 26, 1600 ft., 2 f, 4 May 1978, MNA. 13. 4 miles SW Pierce Ferry, 1 m, 4 May 1942, US. [Hoffmeister, 1986:93-] 16. Stockton Hills Mine, 8 miles N Kingman 1 f, 8 Jul 1962, UA. 20. Kingman, 1 f, 26 Jun 1924, UM. 20. 1 mile S Kingman, 1 f, 25 Jul 1967, UA. 20. Beale Springs, 2, US. [Hoffmeister, 1986:93-] 21. 4.5 miles SW Kingman, 1 f, 6 Jul 1962, UA. 22. Twin Windmills, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman, 2 f, 13 Jul 1959; 3 f, 5 Jun 1961; 1 f, 6 Jul 1962, UA. [+ 6, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:93-] 24. Riverbank, Ft. Mohave, 1 f, 19 May 1904, US. [= Ft. Mohave, Arizona, Hoffmeister, 1986:93-] 25. 10 miles SE Yucca, 1 f, 22 Apr 1973, MNA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:93. 26. Mellen [=Topock], Colorado R., 4 m, 2 f, 23-28 Feb 1910, MVZ. [Hoffmeister, 1986:93-] 27- Colorado River, foot of Needles, 2 f, 5 Mar 1910, MVZ. [= 4, MVZ, Hoffmeister, 1986:93-] 28. Big Sandy Creek, 50 miles E Topock, 10, US. [Hoffmeister, 1986:93.] 30. Burro Creek Bridge, State Highway 93,2 m, 1 f, 6 Jun 1961, UA. 31. Gold Spring, Chemehuevis Mts., 1950 ft., 2 m, 25- 26 Feb 1938, SDSNH. 32. Colorado R., above Bill Williams Ranch, 3 m, 14 Mar 1910, MVZ. [Hoffmeister, 1986:93-] Literature:— 2. Pipe Spg. Nat’l. Mon., 5000 ft., 1, UI, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26; Hoffmeister, 1986:93- 4. Diamond Butte, 4700 ft., 1, UI, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26; Hoffmeister, 1986:93- 8. Foot Broad Canyon, 5050 ft., 1, UI, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26; Hoffmeister, 1986:93- 9. Toroweap Point, 6300 ft., 1 mile SE ranger station, 1, UI, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26; Hoffmeister, 1986:93- 10. 0.5 miles NE Vulcan’s Throne, 4600 ft., 36 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY 1, UI. Hoffmeisterand Durham, 1971:26; Hoffmeister, 1986:93. 11. Scorpion Island, River Mile 279.3, left bank, 4, Suttkus, Clemmer and Jones, Tulane Univ., Belle Chasse, La., Museum Nat. Hist., Occas Papers, 2:4, 1978. 12. Sand Point, River Mile 294.5, left bank, 1, Suttkus, Clemmer and Jones, Tulane Univ., Belle Chasse, La., Mu¬ seum Nat. Hist., Occas Papers, 2:4, 1978. 19. 1 mile N Kingman, 3, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:93. 23. HualapaiMts., 5, UA, per Hoffmeister, 1986:93 [not found in collection or catalog, 1990]. 27. Mohave Mts., 1, US, Hoffmeister, 1986:93. Banding records:— Total banded, 1080 (300 m, 780 f); total local recoveries, 36 (3 m, 33 f); total foreign recoveries, 7 f; as follows: 14. Net, Red Lake [A 2]. Banded 1 fon 8 Jul 1963. 15. Net, tunnel Cerbat Mts. [A 6]. Banded 2 m, 54 fon 8 Jul 1962; foreign recovery, I fon 18 Jul 1962 and 1 f on 1 Jul 1963 at net, tunnel 8 miles N Kingman [A 11]. 16. Net, tunnel 8 miles NKingman [A 11]. Banded II m, 77 fon 8 Jul 1962; recovered 3 fon 18 Jul 1962; recovered 1 m on 25 Jun 1963; recovered 3 f on 1 Jul 1963; recovered 7 fon 17 Jul 1963. Banded 9 m, 26 fon 18 Jul 1962; recovered 2 fon 17 Jul 1963. Banded 5 m, 7 fon 25 Jun 1963. Banded 11 m, 23 fon 1 Jul 1963; recovered 1 fon 17Jul 1963. Banded 31 m, 89 fon 17Jul 1963. 16. Net, 5.5 miles N Kingman [A 14]. Banded 1 f on 5 May 1962. Banded 5 m on 1 Jun 1962. 17. Tunnel, Katherine Landing [A 18]. Banded 1 fon 13 Aug 1961. 18. Net, tunnel 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]. Banded 3 m, 1 fon 10 Jul 1962. Banded 9 m, 1 fon 26 Jul 1962. Banded 1 m on 3 Jul 1963. Banded 5 m on 23 Jul 1963. 19 . Net, 12 miles WKingman [A45]. Banded 4 m, 14 fon 28 Jun I960. 20. Net, 1 mile N Kingman [A 22c]. Banded 11 m, 20 fon 15 Jul 1959. 20. Net, CityTank, Kingman [A27]. Banded 1 m on 18 Apr 1962. 20. Net, 1.5 miles SE Kingman [A 31]. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 26 Aug 1961. 20. Net, 3-5 miles SSE Kingman [A 34]. Banded 1 m, 3 fon 13 Aug 1961. 21. Net, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman [A37]. Banded 2 m, 16 fon 13 Jul 1959; recovered 1 fon 29 Jun 1960. Banded 3 f on 14 Jul 1959. Banded 3 m, 18 fon 18 Jul 1959; recovered 1 fon 23 Jul 1963. Banded 10 m, 4l fon 29 Jun 1960; recovered 2 fon 5 Jul I960; recovered 1 fon 21 Jul I960; recovered 1 fon 8 Jun 1962. Banded 26 m, 52 f on 5 Jul I960; recovered 2 fon 13 Jul I960; recovered 1 fon 23 Jul I960; recovered 1 fon 5 Jun 1961. Banded 13 COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 37 m, 56 fon 13 Jul 1960; foreign recovery, 1 fon 16 Jul 1962 at net, 8 milesSSEKingman [A39]. Banded 19m,30 fon 16Jul I960; foreign recovery, 1 f on 9 Jul 1963 at net, 8 miles SSE Kingman [A 39]. Banded 5 m, 10 f on 21 Jul I960; recovered 1 f on 25 Aug I960. Banded 3 f on 23 Jul 1960. Banded 11 m, 5 f on 25 Aug I960; recovered 2 f on 8 Aug 1961; recovered 1 m on 6 Jul 1962. Banded 1 m on 13 Sep I960. Banded 1 m, 4 fon 5 Jun 1961. Banded 20 m, 53 fon 11 Jul 1961; recovered 2 fon 7 Aug 1961; recovered 1 f on 5 Jul 1962; foreign recovery, 1 fon 19 Jul 1961 from car antenna in Kingman [A 29c]. Banded 1 m, 5 fon 7 Aug 1961; recovered 1 m on 13 Aug 1961; recovered 1 fon 5 Jul 1962. Banded 2 m, 11 fon 8 Aug 1961. Banded 2 m on 12 Aug 1961. Banded 1 f on 13 Apr 1962. Banded 5 m, 5 fon 8 Jun 1962; foreign recovery, 1 fon 16 Jul 1962 at net, 8 miles SSE Kingman [A 39]. Banded 8 m, 33 fon 6 Jul 1962. 22. Net, 7.5 miles SE Kingman [A 30]. Banded 2 m, 23 f on 5 Jul 1962. Banded 6 m, 16 f on 16 Jul 1962. 22. Net, 8 miles SSE Kingman [A 39]. Banded 9 m, 14 f on 4 Aug I960. Banded 4 m, 8 fon 10 Aug 1960; foreign recovery, 1 fon 9 Jun 1962 from net, 6.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 40]. Banded 23 m, 12 f on 13 Aug I960. Banded 1 m, 3 fon 16 Aug 1961. Banded 7 m on 10 Jun 1962. Banded 4 m, 19 fon 23 Jul 1962. Banded 3 fon 9 Jul 1963. 22. Net, 6.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 40]. Banded 2 m, 2 f on 4 Aug 1960. Banded 1 m, 7 fon 9 Jun 1962. 23- Net, entrance Flag Mine [A 43b]. Banded 3 fon 3 Jul 1962. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 11 Jul 1962. Banded 1 fon 4 Jul 1963. Banded 2 f on 27 Jul 1963. 30. Net, Burro Creek [A 56]. Banded 1 m, 1 f on 6 Jun 1961. EPTESICUS FUSCUS PALLIDUS YOUNG. BIG BROWN BAT Eptesicus pallidus Young, Proc. Acad. Natural Sci., Philadelphia, 1908:408, 2 Oct. 1908, type from Boulder, Boulder County, Colorado. Eptesicusfuscuspallidus, Miller, Bull. U. S. National Mus., 79:62, 31 Dec. 1912; Cockrum, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1960, p. 51; Hoffmeister and Durham, Museum of Northern Az., Flagstaff, Tech. Series 11:26, 1971; Hall, Mammals of North 38 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Table 12. Eptesicus fiiscus captures by month, sex, place of collecting activities. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Month net m f January 0 + 0 = 0 February 0 + 0 = 0 March 0 + 0 = 0 April 3 + 1 = 4 May 3 + 14 = 17 June 31 + 54 = 85 July 80 +284 =364 August 16 + 24 = 40 September 0 + 0 = 0 October 0 + 0 = 0 November 0 + 0 = 0 December 0 + 0 = 0 Totals 133 +377 =510 roost total m f m f o + 4^. II 4x 0+4= 4 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 o n o + o o ii o + o 0+1 = 1 3+2= 5 0 + 0 = 0 3+14= 17 0+1 = 1 31 + 55= 86 0 + 0 = 0 80 +284= 364 0+1 = 1 16 + 25= 41 3 + 3 = 6 3+3= 6 o + o II o 0+0= 0 0 + 0 = 0 0+0= 0 4 + 7=11 4+7= 11 7+18=25 140+395= 535 America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 216; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 96. Comments Although some Big Brown bats were found in day roosts in most of the year, the majority taken by us were captured in mist nets over water (Table 12). They were captured between Apr and Aug. Most were females (overall, 8 females to 3 males), probably because of the decreased maneuverability of the gravid females. Surprisingly none were taken in the southern part of the county, either in nets or in roosts. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:— Total, 20 (5 m, 13 f), as follows: /.Trails End, Black Rock Mtn., 11.3 miles SE Littlefield, 1 m, 3 Aug 1969, MNA. [+ 1, UI, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26; Hoffmeister, 1986:96.] 2. Pakoon Spring Ranch, Grand Wash, 1 f, 12 Aug 1968, UA. 3. JunTank, SofFindlay Knolls, 5500 ft, 2 f, 16Jul 1975, MNA. 4. Nixon Spring, 6250 ft., Mt. Trumbull, 3 f, 16 Jul 1964, UA; 2 f, COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 39 24,27 May 1933, MVZ; 2 m, 3 f, 4 Aug 1969, MNA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:96.] 4. Lookout Point, 7300 ft., Mt. Trumbull, 1 m, 7 Aug 1936, CM. 5. Buckhorn Spring, T 34 N, R 16 W, Sec 26,1600 ft., 1 f, 4 May 1978, MNA. 77. 1 mile S Kingman’s Hilltop, 1 f, 20 Jul 1967,UA. 11. Beale’s Spring, 3400 ft., 2 f, 27 ]un 1902, US. [=11, US, Hoffmeister, 1986:96.] 15. Fort Mohave, 1 m,26Jun 1904, US. [Hoffmeister, 1986:96.] Literature: — 6. 3 miles N Mt. Dellenbaugh, 6200 ft., 1, UI, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:26; Hoffmeister, 1986:96. 72. Twin Mills, 5 miles SE Kingman, 8, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:96. 14. Hualpai [sic] Mts., 1, US, Hoffmeister, 1986:96. Banding records: —Total banded, 499 (127 m, 372 f); total local recoveries, 22 (8 m, 14 f); total foreign recoveries, 5 (1 m, 4 f); as follows: 7. Tunnel, Mineral Park [A4]. Banded 1 m, 1 fof 15 on 17 Sep 1961. 7. Net, tunnel Cerbat Mts. [A6]. Banded 2 m, 7 f on 8 Jul 1962. 7. Net, tunnel 2.5 miles N Stockton Hills Mine [A 7]. Banded 1 m, 1 f on 27 Jun 1963. 8. Net, tunnel 8 miles N Kingman [All]. Banded 2 m, 18 fon 8 Jul 1962; recovered 2 fon 18 Jul 1962; recovered 2 f on 25 Jul 1963; recovered 1 m, 1 f on 17 Jul 1963; recovered 1 f on 21 Jul 1963; foreign recovery, 1 fon 13 Jan 1963 inTunnel,9miles NW Kingman [A 9]; foreign recovery, 1 f on 26 Jun 1963 in net, tunnel 1 mile W Stockton Mine [A 16]. Banded 4 m, 27 fon 18 Jul 1962; recovered 1 fon 25 Jun 1963. Banded 4 m, 12 fon 25 Jun 1963; recovered 1 m on 1 Jul 1963; foreign recovery, 1 f on 26 Jun 1963 in net, tunnel 1 mile WStockton Mine [A 16]. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 1 Jul 1963. Banded 2 fon 17 Jul 1963. 7. Net, tunnel 1 mile WStockton Hills mine [A 15] - Banded 1 m on 26 Jun 1963. 9. Net, tunnel 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]. Banded 2 m, 7 fon 10 Jul 1962. Banded 1 m, 3 fon 26 Jul 1962. Banded 2 m on 3 Jul 1963. Banded 1 m, 1 f on 23 Jul 1963. 77. Net, 1 mile N Kingman [A 22c]. Banded3m, 10 fon 15 Jul 1959. 13. Net in tunnel, 9 miles SE Kingman [A24]. Banded 1 fon 19 Aug 1959. 13. Net, 7.5 miles SE Kingman [A30]. Banded 1 fon 5 Jul 1962. Banded 2 fon 16 Jul 1962. 12. Net, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 37]. Banded 1 m, 27 fon 11 Jul 1959. Banded 6 fon 14 Jul 1959. Banded 2 m, 5 fon 18 Jul 1959. Banded 6 fon 25 Jun I960; foreign recovery, 1 fon 25 Aug I960 in net, 8 miles SSE Kingman [A 39]. Banded 8 fon 29 Jun I960. Banded 2 m, 21 fon 40 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY 5 Jul 1960. Banded 2 m, 17 f on 13 Jul I960. Banded 1 m, 16 f on 16 Jul 1960; recovered 1 f on 23 Aug I960. Banded 4 m, 9 f on 23 Jul 1960. Banded 4 m, 6 fon 25 Aug 1960. Banded 1 m, 3 f on 5 Jun 1961. Banded 3 m, 14 f on 11 Jul 1961. Banded 1 f on 7 Aug 1961. Banded 1 m, 4 fon 8 Aug 1961. Banded 1 fon 11 Aug 1961. Banded 1 m, 3 f on 12 Aug 1961. Banded 2 m, 3 f on 13 Aug 1961. Banded 2 m, 1 f on 13 Apr 1962; recovered 1 f on 17 Apr 1962. Banded 10 fon 23 May 1962. Banded 1 m on 8 Jun 1962. Banded 1 m, 40 fon 6 Jul 1962. 13. Net, 8 miles SSE Kingman [A 39]. Banded 1 m on 4 Aug I960. Banded 2 m on 13 Aug I960; foreign recovery, 1 m on 25 Aug 1960 in net, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 37]. Banded 1 f on 1 May 1962. Banded 1 m on 10 Jun 1962. Banded 2 fon 9 Jul 1963. 13. Net, 6.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 40]. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 4 Aug 1960. Banded 1 m on 9 Jun 1962. 14. Flag Mine [A 43a]. Banded 2 m, 7 fon 5 Dec 1961. Banded 2 m on 10 Dec 1961. Banded 4 fon 20 Jan 1962. 14. Net, entrance Flag Mine [A 43b]. Banded 19 m, 16 fon 12 Jun 1962; recovered 2 m, 1 fon 11 Jul 1962; recovered 1 m on 20 May 1963; recovered 2 m, 3 f on 4 Jul 1963. Banded 3 m, 6 fon 3 Jul 1962; recovered 1 m on 11 Jul 1962; recovered 1 f on 20 May 1963. Banded 8 m, 12 fon 11 Jul 1962. Banded 6 m, 6 fon 23 Jul 1962. Banded 2 m on 20 May 1963. Banded 17 m, 14 f on 4 Jul 1963. Banded 5 m, 1 fon27Jul 1963. 10. Net, 12 miles WKingman [A 45]. Banded 2 m, 2 f on 28 Jun I960. 16. Tunnel, 4.5 miles E Oatman [A 47]. Banded 1 fon 16 Apr I960. Banded 1 fon 25 Aug 1960. Banded 1 m, 2 f on 30 Sep I960. Banded 1 m, 1 f on 17 Sep 1961. LAS1URUS BLOSSEVILLII TELIOTIS (ALLEN). WESTERN RED BAT Atalapha teliotis H. Allen, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 29:5, 10 Apr. 1891, type from unknown locality, probably from California. Lasiurus blossevillii teliotis , R. J. Baker, et al, Occas. Pap. Museum Texas Tech Univ, 17:9, 1988. Lasiurus borealis teliotis , Miller, North American Fauna, 13:110, 16 Oct. 1897; Cockrum, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, I960, p. 53; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 41 1986, p. 99. Nycteris borealis teliotis , Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 224. Comments Red bats roost in trees. No Red bats have been taken in Mohave County since three were taken in 1902. Probably a few could be found if efforts were concentrated around the edges of wooded areas, especially in the lower riparian situations. Relatively few have been taken in Arizona. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined: —Total, 3, as follows: l. Big Sandy Creek, 50 miles ETopock, 2 f, 23 Jul 1902; 1 f,21 Jul 1902, US. [Hoffmeister, 1986:100.] Banding records: — None. LASIURUSXANTHINUS (THOMAS). WESTERN YELLOW BAT Dasyurus egaxanthinusThomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 6,20:544, Dec. 1897, type from Sierra Laguna, Baja California. Lasiurus ega xanthinus, Dalquest, Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol. Ser., 1:61, 1953. Lasiurus xanthinus. Baker et al., 1988. Occas. Pap. Mus,, Texas Tech Univ., 117. Comments Not recorded for Mohave County, but Southern yellow bats have been found in several locations in southern and southeastern Arizona, especially associated with palm trees. I n southern Texas they have been reported as having expanded their ranges northward into areas where palm trees have been introduced. The planting of palms along the Colorado River makes us suspect that these bats can be expected as summer residents in Mohave County. 42 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY LASIURUS CINEREUS CINEREUS (PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS). HOARY BAT Vespertilio linereus [misspelling of cinereus\ Palisot de Beauvois, Cata¬ logue raisonn^ du museum de Mr. C. D. Peale, Philadelphia, 1796, type from Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co., Pa. Lasiurus cinereus , H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 7(165):21, 1864. Lasiurus cinereus cinereus , Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 102. Nycteris cinerea cinerea, Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 226. Comments Hoary bats also roost in trees and have a seasonal migration. Cockrum and Petryszyn (in preparation) has compiled much informa¬ tion about the seasonal and sexual distribution of tree bats in the southwest. Their findings suggest that adult males and females probably occur in Mohave during the spring and fall. Probably all females and most males move farther south, into Mexico, during the winter. In the summer, females are found north of Mohave County but some males spend the summer here. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined: — Total, 2, as follows: 1. Beaver Dam Creek at Beaver Dam Resort, 1 mile N Littlefield, 2 f, 16 May 1973, MNA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:103.] Banding records: —Total, 2 (1 m, 1 f), as follows: 2. Net, City Tank, Kingman [27]. 18 Apr 1962, 1 f. 3. Net, 6.5 miles SSE Kingman [40]. 9Jun 1962, 1 m. EUDERMA MACULATUMi]. A. ALLEN). SPOTTED BAT Histiotus maculatus). A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:195,20 Feb. 1891, type from near Piru, Ventura Co., Calif. COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 43 Euderma maculata , H. Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 43, 61,14 Mar 1894. Euderma maculatum, Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 231; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 104. Comments No Spotted bats were observed by us. Current literature suggests that these highly maneuverable bats roost in high rock crevices in areas of extensive cliffs, where biologists rarely look!! Their agility in flight enables them to avoid most mist nets set over watering places. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined: — Total, 2, as follows: 1. Beaver Dam Creek, at Beaver Dam Resort, 1 mile N Littlefield, 1 m, 1 f, 16 May 1973, MNA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:104.] IDIONYCTERIS PHYLLOTIS (G. M. ALLEN). ALLEN’S BIG-EARED BAT Corynorhinus phyllotis G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60:352, Apr. 1916, type from San Luis Potosi (probably from near city of the same name), Mexico. Idionycterisphyllotis, Handley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69:53, 1956; Cockrum and Musgrove, Journal of Mammalogy, 45:472, 1964; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 104. Plecotusphyllotis, Genoways and Jones, Southwestern Naturalist, 12:477, 1967; Hoffmeister and Durham, Museum of Northern Az., Flagstaff, Tech. Series 11:27, 1971; Hall, Mammals ofN o r t h America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 232. Comments Details of the Mohave County populations were discussed by Cockrum and Musgrove (1964:472). As shown in Table 13, we found this species only in the summer months and mostly in maternity colonies. Almost all examined by us were females. 44 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Table 13. Idionycterisphyllotis captures by month and sex. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Month Males Females Total January 0 0 0 February 0 0 0 March 0 0 0 April 0 5 5 May 1 0 1 June 0 0 0 July 24 268 292 August 0 17 17 September 0 3 3 October 0 0 0 November 0 0 0 December 0 0 0 Totals 25 293 318 Since the time of this study, the major roost in the tunnel at Union Pass has been destroyed by the relocation of the highway and destruc¬ tion of the tunnel. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined: — Total, 20 (6 m, 14 f)> as follows: 1. Beaver Dam Creek, at Beaver Dam Resort, 1 mile N Littlefield, 1 m, 16 May 1975, MNA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:106.] 2. Vicinity Pipe Spring Nat. Monument, 5000 ft., 1 f,8Jul 1964, UA. [Genowaysand Jones, 1967; Hoffmeister, 1986:106.] 4. Tunnel, Chalk Peak, 2 miles W Union Pass, Black Mts., 5 f, 11 Apr 1966; 5 m, 5 f, 20 Jul 1967, UA. [+ 1, UI; + 1, SIU, Hoffmeister, 1986:106.] 4. 1 mile S Union Pass, 3 f, 10 Jul 1962, UA. [+ 4, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:106.] Literature:— 3. OK Mine, 3000 ft., 68 miles N Kingman, 1, UA. [Cockrum and Musgrove, 1964:472; Hoffmeister, 1986:107.] Banding records: —Total banded, 145 (18 m, 127 f)> total local recoveries, 26 (1 m, 25 0; total foreign recoveries, 27 f; as follows: 3. Tunnel, 68 miles N Kingman [A 1 ]. Banded 3 fon 1 Sep 1961.4. Net, COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 45 tunnel 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]. Banded 1 m, 22 f on 10 Jul 1962; recovered 3 f on 26 Jul 1962; recovered 4 f on 3 Jul 1963. Banded 5 f on 26 Jul 1962; recovered 1 f on 3 Jul 1963; recovered 2 f on 23 Jul 1963; foreign recovery, 1 f on 3 Jul 1963 in tunnel, 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19b]. Banded 1 f on 3 Jul 1963. 4. Tunnel b, 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19b]. Banded 13 m, 71 f of 97 on 10 Jul 1962; recovered 12 f on 3 Jul 1963; foreign recovery, 15 f on 10 Jul 1962 in net in tunnel, 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]; foreign recovery 1 m, 1 f on 26 Jul 1962 in net in tunnel, 1 mile SW Union Pass; foreign recovery, 7 f [A 19a]. Banded 3 f on 3 Jul 1963; foreign recoveries, 2 f on 23 Jul 1963 in net in tunnel 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]. 4. Tunnels, Union Pass [A 20]. Banded 15 f of 20 on 17 Aug 1960; recovered 2 f on 30 Aug I960; recovered 3 f on 31 Jul 1961. Banded 4 m, 7 fon 31 Jul 1961; foreign recovery, 1 fon 10 Jul 1962 in net in tunnel 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]. PLECOTUS TOWNSENDIIPALLESCENS (MILLER) TOWNSEND’S BIG-EARED BAT Corynorhinus macrotispallescens Miller, North American Fau na, 13:52, 16 Oct 1897, type from Kearns Canyon, Navajo Co., Ariz. Plecotus toumsendiipallescens, Handley, Proc. U. S. Nat. M us., 110:190, 3 Sep 1959; Hoffmeister and Durham, Museum ofNorthern Az., Flagstaff, Tech. Series 11:26, 1971; Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981 ,p. 235- Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 111. Plecotus townsendii , Suttkus, Clemmer and Jones, Tulane Univ., Belle Chasse, La., Museum Nat. Hist., Occas Papers, 2:4, 1978. Corynorhinus rafinesquiipallescens, Hardy, Jour. Mamm., 30.434, 1949. Comments Big-eared bats were taken in every month of the year, both in roosts and in flight (Table 14). Even in hibernals the sex ratio was skewed in favor of the females (more than 2 to 1) and overall the ratio approached four to one. A group of about 200 seen on 16 Jul 1959 at the OK Mine (locality 5) consisted of adult females and young of the 46 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Table 14. Plecotus townsendii captures by month, sex, place of collecting activities. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Month net roost total m f m f m f January 14 + 7 = 21 77 + 209 = 286 91 + 216= 307 February 3 + 12 = 15 1 + 6= 7 4 + 18= 22 March 1 + 0 = 1 1 + 142 = 143 2 + 142= 144 April 0 + 0 = 0 8 + 291 = 299 8 + 291= 299 May 1 + 0 = 1 3+ 0= 3 4 + 0= 4 June 10 + 29 = 39 1 + 4= 5 11 + 33= 44 July 40 + 70 =110 48 + 226= 274 88 + 296 = 384 August 4 + 2 = 6 3 + 9 = 12 7 + 11 = 18 September 0 + 0 = 0 7 + 37 = 44 7 + 37= 44 October 4 + 7=11 6 + 56 = 62 10 + 63= 73 November 6 + 0 = 6 0 + 0 = 0 6 + 0= 6 December 2 + 2 = 4 145 + 451 = 596 147 + 453 = 600 Totals 85 + 129 = 214 300 +1431 = 1731 385 + 1560 = 1945 year. As detailed in the account of Macrotus, at least one was taken from a crevice in the ceiling, about 100 yards in from the entrance of an abandoned tunnel on the south side of the Virgin River, to the northeast of Littlefield on 10 Mar 1945. Records of Occurrence. Specimens examined:—Total, 9 (4 m, 5 f), as follows: 2. Nixon Spring, Mt. Trumbull, 1 f, 16 Jul 1964, UA. 4. Buckhorn Spring, T 34 N, R 16 W, Sec 26, 1600 ft., 1 m, 1 f, 4 May 1978, MNA.. 7. Tunnel, 1 mile N Chloride, 1 m, 19 Jul 1959, UA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:111.] 9. Cohenour Springs, Cohenour Canyon, 11 miles N Kingman, 1 f, 25 May 1976, MNA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:111.] 8. Stockton Hills Mine, 9 miles N Kingman, 1 f, 8 Jul 1962, UA. 10. Mine Tunnel, near Davis Dam, 2 m, 1 f, 25 Sep 1959, UA. Literature:— 1. Virgin Narrows, NE of Littlefield [1650 ft.], 1, Hardy (1949:434). 3. Mohawk Canyon, mile 171, Colo. R., 1, MNA, COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 47 Hoffmeister, 1986:111.3. Tuckup Canyon, River mile 164.5, right bank, 1, Suttkus, Clemmer and Jones, Tulane Univ., Belle Chasse, La., Museum Nat. Hist., Occas Papers, 2:4,1978. 9. Telluride Chief Mine, 11 miles ENE Kingman, Hualapai Mts, 1, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:111. 14. Hualpai [sic] Mts., 1,UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:111. 18. 1 mile N Wikieup, 1, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:111. Banding records: —Total banded, 1661 (376 m, 1285 f); total local recoveries, 205 (21 m, 184 f); total foreign recoveries, 17 (3 m, 14 f); as follows: 5. Tunnel, 68 miles N Kingman [A 1]. Banded 2 m, 12 f of 20 on 1 Sep 1961; recovered 3 fon 8 Jul 1963. Banded 2 m, 4 f on 8 Jul 1963. 6. Tunnel, 28.5 miles NE Kingman [A 5]. Banded 37 fon 25 Mar 1961; foreign recovery 2 f, 1 on 10 Dec 1961, 1 on 20 Jan 1962 at Flag Mine [A 43b]. Banded 2 f on 7 Apr 1962. 7. Net, tunnel Cerbat Mts. [A 6]. Banded 6 m on 8 Jul 1962. 7. Net, tunnel 2.5 miles N Stockton Hills Mine [A 7]. Banded 4 m, 4 f on 27 Jun 1963. 8. Tunnel, Clark Co., Nev. [A 69]. Banded 1 m, 1 f on 29 Jun 1962; recovered 1 f on 10 Jul 1963- Banded 2 m on 10 Jul 1963. 9. Net, tunnel 8 miles N Kingman [A 11], Banded 5 fon 8 Jul 1962; recovered 1 fon 25 Jun 1963. Banded 4 m, 6 fon 18 Jul 1962; recovered 1 fon 1 Jul 1963. Banded 3 m, 16 fon 25 Jun 1963; recovered 1 fon 1 Jul 1963. Banded 7 m, 7 fon 1 Jul 1963. Banded 3 m, 4 fon 17 Jul 1963. 9. Tunnel, 16 miles NW Kingman [A 13]. Banded 1 mon24Sep 1961. 9. Net, tunnel 1 miles WStockton Hills mine [A 15]. Banded 1 m, 3 fon 26 Jun 1963. 9. Tunnel, Katherine Landing [A 18]. Banded 1 m, 1 f on 26 Feb 1961. 10. Tunnel a, 7 miles E Davis Dam [A 17a]. Banded 2 f on 5 Mar 1961; foreign recovery, 1 fon 9 Sep 1961 in tunnel b, 7 miles E Davis Dam [A 17b]. 10. Tunnel b, 7 miles E Davis Dam [A 17b]. Banded 1 m on 5 Mar 1961. Banded 2 m, 14 fon 9 Sep 1961. 10. Tunnel, 7.5 miles E Davis Dam [A 17c]. Banded 1 fon 4 Mar 1961. 11. Net, tunnel 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]. Banded 5 fon 10 Jul 1962. Banded 2 m, 2 fon 26Jul 1962. Banded5fon3Jul 1963. Banded4m,4fon23jul 1963. 11. Tunnels, Union Pass [A 20]. Banded 2 m, 50 fof72 on 16 Apr 1960; recovered 7 f on 17 Sep 1960; recovered 2 f on 26 Feb 1961; recovered 5 fon 5 Mar 1961; recovered 1 m on 31 Jul 1961; recovered 1 fon 26 Jul 1962; recovered 1 fon 3 Jul 1963; foreign recovery, 4 f on 26 Jul 1962 in net in tunnel, 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]; 48 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY recovered 3 fon23 Jul 1963; foreign recovery, 1 fon 10 Dec 1961 in net, Flag Mine, [A43b]. Banded 4 f of 13 on 17 Aug I960. Banded 1 m, 1 f of 18 on 30 Aug 1960. Banded 3 f on 26 Feb 1961. Banded 1 m, 5 fon 3 Mar 1961. Banded 1 fon 31 Jul 1961. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 28 Jun 1962. 11. Tunnel, 1 mile S Chalk Peak [A21]. Banded 1 fon 5 Mar 1961. 11. Tunnel, Power Line Pass [A 35]. Banded 1 fon 30 Aug 1959. 12. Net, 7.5 miles SE Kingman [A 30]. Banded 2 f on 5 Jul 1962; foreign recovery, 1 f on 14 Dec 1962 in net, Flag Mine [A 43b]. Banded 2 fon 16Jull962. 12. Tunnel, 1.5 miles SW Kingman [A 38]. Banded 1 fon 26 Jun 1962. 12. Net, 8 miles SSE Kingman [A 39]. Banded 1 m on 4 Aug I960. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 10 Aug 1960; foreign recovery, 1 m on 11 Jul 1962 in net, Flag Mine [A43b]. Banded 1 m on 13 Aug I960. Banded 1 fon 16 Aug 1961. 12. Net, 6.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 40]. Banded 1 m, 2 f on 9 Jun 1962. 13. Net in tunnel, N end HualapaiMts, 9 miles SE Kingman [A 24]. Banded 1 m on 7 Aug I960. 13. Tunnel a, 11 miles SE Kingman [A25a]. Banded 1 m on 7 Aug 1963. 13. Tunnel c, 12 miles E Kingman [A 25c]. Banded 1 m, 2 f on 7 Aug 1963. 13. Tunnel d, 11 miles SE Kingman [A25d]. Banded 1 m on 13 Jul 1961; recovery, 1 m on 10 Dec 1961. 13. Tunnel, 11 miles SE Kingman and then 1.25 miles W up wash [A 33]. Banded 1 m on 13 Jul 1961. 13. Tunnel, 16 miles SE Kingman [A 41]. Banded 2 m, 2 f on 23 Sep 1961. Banded 1 fon 30 Sep 1961. 14. Tunnel, County Park headquarters [A 42]. Banded lmon 12 May 1962. 14. Flag Mine [A 43a]. Banded 2 fon 5 Dec 1961. Banded 135 m, 380 fof 1000+ on 10 Dec 1961; recovered 2 m, 18 f on 20 Jan 1962; recovered 4 f on 14 Dec 1962; recovered 2 fon 26 Jan 1963; recovered 1 m on 30 Jan 1963; foreign recovery, 1 fon 3 Jul 1963 in net in tunnel, 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]; foreign recovery, 1 f on 26 Jun 1962 in tunnel, 5 miles SW Kingman [A 38]; foreign recovery, 1 fon 9 Jun 1962 in net, 6.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 40]. Banded 64 m and 178 fof 1500+ on 20 Jan 1962; recovered 15 fon 14 Dec 1962; foreign recovery, 1 m on 11 Jul 1963 in net, Flag Mine [A 43b]; recovered 2 m on 10 Oct 1962; recovered 1 m on 11 Nov 1962; recovered 1 m on 14 Nov 1962; recovered 3 fon 17 Jan 1963; recovered 1 m, 1 f on 26 Jan 1963; recovered 1 m on 30 Jan 1963; recovered 1 m on 27 Feb 1963; recovered 1 m on 20 May 1963; recovered 2 m, 2 fon 4 Jul 1963; COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 49 foreign recovery, 1 m on 9 Jun 1962 in net, 6.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 40]. Banded 10 m, 48 f on 14 Dec 1962; recovered 1 f on 30 Jan 1963. Banded 10 m, 9 f of 100+on 26 Jan 1963. 14. Net, entrance Flag Mine [A 43b]. Banded 2 m on 12 May 1962; recovered 2 m on 14 Dec 1962. Banded 1 f on 3 Jul 1962. Banded 2 m, 4 f on lljul 1962. Banded 1 m, 1 f on 23 Jul 1962. Banded 2 m, 7 f on 10 Oct 1962; recovered 1 f on 26 Jan 1963. Banded 4 m on 14 Nov 1962. Banded 1 f on 17 Jan 1963- Banded 12 m, 1 f on 30 Jan 1963; recovered 1 m on 4 Jul 1963. Banded 4 f on 21 Feb 1963. Banded 2 m, 8 f on 27 Feb 1963- Banded 1 m on 6 Mar 1963. Banded 6 m, 10 f on 4 Jul 1963. 15. Tunnel, 4 miles N Oatman [A 48]. Banded 1 m on 4 Feb 1962. 15 . Tunnels, 1 mile^7Oatman [A49]. Banded 1 m on 14 Apr 1961. 16. Tunnel, 4.5 miles E Oatman [A47]. Banded 1 f of300 on 10 Apr 1960. Banded 1 m on 16 Apr I960. Banded 1 f on 31 Jul 1961. 17. Building, Cane Springs [A 50]. Banded 1 m, 2 f on 22 Oct 1960. 19. Tunnel on Kaiser Springs Wash at Burro Creek [A 54a]. Banded 12 m, 10 f on 14 Oct 1962. 19. Tunnel b, Burro Creek [A 54b]. Banded 134 f; of 230 on 16 Apr 1961. 19. Tunnel f, Burro Creek [A 54f). Banded 1 m on 1 Oct 1961. 19. Tunnel g, Burro Creek [A 54g]. Banded 94 f of 100 on 19 Mar 1961; recovered 12 fon 16 Apr 1961; recovered 12 f on 1 Oct 1961; recovered 3 fon 28 Apr 1962; foreign recovery, 1 f on 28 Apr in tunnel, 3.5 miles E Burro Creek Bridge [A 57]. Banded 48 fon 16 Apr 1961; recovered 28 fon 1 Oct 1961; recovered 1 fon 23 Apr 1962; recovered 2 m, 3 fon 28 Apr 1962; foreign recovery, 1 f on 6 Jun 1961 in net, Burro Creek Bridge. Banded 2 m, 4 f of 46 on 1 Oct 1961; recovered 1 m, 1 fon 28 Apr 1962. Banded 1 m;,l fon 28 Apr 1962. 19. Tunnel j, Burro Creek [A 54j]. Banded 5 f on 7 Apr 1963. 20. Tunnel, 3.5 miles E Burro Creek Bridge [A 57]. Banded 1 m, 3 f of 30 on 28 Apr 1962. 21. Tunnel, 7 miles N Rawhide Mine [A 60]. Banded 1 fon 25 Jul 1963. 21. Upper tunnel, 1 mile N Rawhide Mine [A 61]. Banded 1 m on 25 Jul 1963. 21. Mine tunnel, 5-25 miles N [=NW] Alamo Crossing, 0.25 mile N [=NW] Rawhide Mine [A 62]. Banded 1 m on 10 Jul 1960. 21. Tunnel, 600 ft above Rawhide Mine [A63]. Banded 12 m, 53 f on 10 Jul I960; recovered 31 f on 2 Jul 1962; recovered 12 f on 25 Jul 1963. Banded 17 m, 44 f on 2 Jul 1962; recovered 8 f on 25 Jul 1963- Banded 7 m, 14 f on 25 Jul 1963. 21. 50 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Tunnel, 1 mile N Rawhide Mine [A 64]. Banded 1 mon2Jul 1962. 21. Mine tunnel [=Cactus Queen Mine?], 1 mileW[WSW] Rawhide Mines [A 65]. Banded 1 m on 10 Jul I960. 21. Mine, 0.5 mile W Rawhide Mine [A 66]. Banded 1 m on 10 Jul 1960. ANTROZOUS PALLIDUS PALLIDUS (LE CONTE). PALLID BAT V[espertilio\. pallidus Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 7:437, 1856, type from El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. Antrozouspallidus, H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 7:68, Jun, 1864. Antrozous palliduspallidus , Cockrum, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, I960, p. 59; Hoffmeister and Durham, Museum of Northern Az., Flagstaff, Tech. Series 11:27, 1971; Hall, Mam¬ mals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 237; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 114. Comments No Pallid hats were taken during the winter (Oct-Apr), either in roosts or in nets over water (Table 15). We suspect that they move to the higher elevations to the eastward and hibernate during the winter. In the summer, most were taken over water. As indicated on the map, they seem to occur throughout the area. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:— Total, 20 (4 m, 16 f), as follows: 1. Vicinity Pipe Springs National Monument, 1 f, 7 Jul 1964, UA. 2. Pakoon Spring Ranch, Grand Wash, 1 m, 7 Jul 1964, UA. 3. Nixon Springs, Mt. Trumbull, 2 f, 4 Aug 1969, MNA; 1 m, 1 f, 16 Jul 1964, UA. [Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:27; Hoffmeister, 1986:114.] 4. Buckhorn Spring, T34 N, R16 W, Sec 26,1600 ft., 1 m, 2 f, 4 May 1978, MNA. 5. 1 mile WToroweap Ranger Station, Grand Canyon Nat. Mon., 2 f, 17 Jul 1964, UA. 8. Cohenour Springs, Cohenour Canyon, 11 miles N Kingman, 1 m, 1 f, 25 May 1976, MNA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:114.] 9. Old Clack Ranch barn, 6 miles N COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 51 Table 15. Antrozouspallidus captures by month, sex, place of collecting activities. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Month net m f January 0 + 0 = 0 February 0 + 0 = 0 March 0 + 0 = 0 April 0 + 0 = 0 May 7 + 7 = 14 June 15 + 26 = 41 July 93 + 156 =: 249 August 16 + 22 = 38 September 1 + 4 = 5 October 0 + 0 = 0 November 0 + 0 = 0 December 0 + 0 = 0 Totals 132 + 215 = 347 roost total m f m f 0 + o n o 0 + o II o 0 + o II o 0 + o II o 0 + o II o 0 + o II o 2 + 5= 7 2 + 5= 7 1 + 0= 1 8 + 7= 15 0 + 1 = 1 15 + 27= 42 0 + o II o 93 +156 = 249 1 + 11 = 12 17 + 33= 50 11 + 12= 23 12 + 16= 28 0 + 0= 0 0 + O II o 0 + o n o 0 + o II o 0 + 0= 0 0 + 0= 0 15 + 29= 44 147+244= 391 Kingman, 3 f, 25 Sep 1959, UA. [Hoffmeister, 1986:114.] 10 . 1 mile S Kingman, 1 f, 25 Jul 1967, UA. 17 . Ft. Mohave, 1 f, 1 May 1861, US; 1 f, 9 Jun 1904, MVZ. [Hoffmeister, 1986:114.] 18 . Bill Williams River, 1 f, 28 Jul 1902, US. [= Yuma County: Bill Williams R., 9, US, Hoffmeister, 1986:114.] Literature:— 6 . 0.5 mileS Dry Lake, 4350 ft., 1,UI, Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:27; Hoffmeister, 1986:114. 10 . 6 miles E Beale Spring, 1, US, Hoffmeister, 1986:114. 14 . Twin Mills, 5 miles SE Kingman, 7, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986:114. Banding records:—Total banded, 370 (146 m,224 f); total local recoveries, 24 (4 m, 20 f); total foreign recoveries, 6 f; as follows: 7 . Net, tunnel Cerbat Mts. [A6]. Banded9 m, 5 fon 8 Jul 1962. 7. Net, 2.5 miles N Stockton Hills Mine [A 7]. Banded 5 m, 2 f on 27 Jun 1963. 7. Tunnel, 17 miles NW Kingman [A 12]. Banded 8 m, 27 f of 40 on 24 Sep 1961. 8 . Net, tunnel 8 miles N Kingman [All]. Banded 5 m, 19 f on 8 Jul 1962. Banded 14 m, 29 fon 18 Jul 1962. Banded 9 m, 6 f on 25 Jun 1963. Banded 1 f on 1 Jul 1963. Banded 52 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY 3 m, 4 fon 17 Jul 1963. 8 . Net, tunnel 1 mile W Stockton Hills mine [A 15]. Banded 1 m on 26 Jun 1963. 9 . Net, 5.5 miles N Kingman [A 14]. Banded 1 f on 5 May 1962. 10 . Building, Airport NE of Kingman [A 16]. Banded 1 m, 11 f on 26 Aug 1962; recovered 3 f on 8 Sep 1962. Banded 3 m on 8 Sep 1962. 10 . Net, 1 mile NW Kingman [A 22a]. Banded 1 m, 4 f on 3 Sep 1961. 10 . Building, 1 mile N Kingman [A 22b]. Banded 2 m, 5 f of 35 on 24 Apr 1962; foreign recovery, 3 f on 5 May 1962 in net, 5.5 miles N Kingman [A 14]; foreign recovery, 3 fon 30 Jul 1962 in net, yard, Kingman [A 28a]. 10 . Net, 1 mile N Kingman [A 22c]. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 15 Jul 1959. 10 . Net, yard, Kingman [A 28a]. Banded 3 m, 5 f on 1 Jul I960; recovered 2 f on 11 Jul 1960; recovered 1 m on 18 Aug 1961; recovered I m on 2 Aug 1963. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 9 Jul I960; recovered 1 fon II Jul I960; recovered 1 fon 18 Aug 1961; recovered 1 fon 29 Jul 1963. Banded 3 m, 6 fon 11 Jul I960; recovered 2 fon 18 Aug 1961. Banded 6 m, 11 fon 18 Jul 1961; recovered 2 fon 23 Jul 1961; recovered 1 m, 1 f on 24 Jul 1961; recovered 1 m on 20 Jul 1962. Banded 1 fon 23 Jul 1961. Banded 1 m, 9 fon 24 Jul 1961. Banded 5 m, 7 f on 29 Jul 1963. 11 . Tunnel, Katherine Landing [A 18]. Banded 6 fon 17 Sep I960. 12 . Net, tunnel 1 mile SW Union Pass [A 19a]. Banded 19 m, 6 fon lOJul 1962. Banded 3 mon26 Jul 1962. Banded 8 m, 3 fon 3 Jul 1963. Banded 6 m, 1 fon 23 Jul 1963. 13 . Net, 12 miles W Kingman [A45]. Banded 2 f on 28 Jun I960. 14 . Net, 7.5 miles SE Kingman [A 30]. Banded 1 fon5Jull962. Banded 1 m on 16 Jul 1962. 14 . Net, 1.5 miles SE Kingman [A 31]. Banded 3 m, 3 fon 26 Aug 1961. 14 . Net, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 37]. Banded 1 fon 18 Jul 1959. Banded 1 m, 2 fon 25 Jun I960. Banded I m, 3 fon 29 Jun 1960. Banded 7 fon 5 Jul 1960; recovered 1 fon II Jul 1961 recovered 1 fon 23 May 1962; recovered 2 fon 6 Jul 1962. Banded 1 m on 13 Jul 1960. Banded 1 fon 16 Jul I960; recovered 1 fon 12 Aug 1961. Banded 2 m on 25 Aug I960. Banded 3 fon 5 Jun 1961. Banded 2 fon 11 Jul 1961. Banded 1 m, 2 fon 8 Aug 1961; recovered 2 fon 6 Jul 1962. Banded 1 fon 11 Aug 1961. Banded 1 m on 12 Aug 1961. Banded 3 m, 4 fon 13 Aug 1961. Banded 2 fon 8 Jun 1962. Banded 5 f on 6 Jul 1962. 14 . Net, 6.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 40]. Banded 2 m, 2 f on 9 Jun 1962. 15 . Net, 8 miles SSE Kingman [A 39]. Banded 1 m on 4 Aug I960. Banded 2 m, 2 COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 53 f on 10 Aug 1960. Banded 2 m, 1 f on 13 Aug 1960. Banded 1 f on 16 Aug 1961. Banded 5 m on 1 May 1962. Banded 2 m, 1 f on 23 Jul 1962. Banded 4 f on 9 Jul 1963. 15. Net in tunnel, 9 miles SE Kingman [A 24]. Banded 1 m on 13 Jul 1961. Banded 2 f on 13 Jul 1962. 16. Net, entrance Flag Mine [A 43b]. Banded 1 f on 23 Jul 1962. TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS MEXICAN A (SAUSSURE). BRAZILIAN FREE-TAILED BAT Molossus mexicanus Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, Paris, (Ser.2)12:283, Jul, 1860, type from Cofre de Perote, 13000 ft., Vera Cruz. Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana, Schwartz, Jour. Mamm., 36:108, 1955; Cockrum, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, I960, p. 61; Hoffmeister and Durham, Museum of Northern Az., Flag¬ staff, Tech. Series 11:27,1971; Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 242; Hoffmeister, Mam¬ mals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 116. Nyctinomus mohavensis Merriam, North American Fauna, 2:25, 30 Oct. 1889, type from Ft. Mohave, Mohave County, Arizona. Comments These bats are known to be migratory in other parts of their range. Probably these populations move southward, spending the winter months (Oct-Feb) in Mexico. Most examined by us were taken in a maternity colony (Table 16). In the spring (15 Apr 1962) and again in the fall (17 Sep 1962) relatively large numbers roosted in crevices over the spillway at Davis Dam. About 500 were present in Apr together with large numbers (up to 10,000) of Myotisyumanensis. In Sep an estimated 10,000 Tadarida were present. On 14 Sep 1961 two (m and f) were taken from a tunnel 17 miles NW Kingman. A tunnel 3.5 miles E Burro Creek Bridge is used as a transient roost, mainly by males. On 27 Mar 1960,57 m and 3 f of 500 were banded. On 19 Apr I960, 752 m and 94 f of 2,500 were banded. None were found during visits to this tunnel in May, Jul and Aug. 54 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Table 16. Tadarida brasiliensis captures by month, sex, place of collecting activities. The numbers are the totals of specimen examined, bats banded and bats observed. Month net roost total m f m f m f January 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 February 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 March 2 + 0 = 2 57 + 3 = 60 59 + 3 = 62 April 11 + 0 = 11 755 + 94 = 849 766 + 94 = 860 May 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 8 = 8 0 + 8 = 8 June 2 + 3 = 5 0 + 0 = 0 2 + 3 = 5 July 0 + 4 = 4 740 + 1226 = 1966 740 + 1230 = 1970 August 16 + 189 = 205 83 + 164 = 247 99 + 353 = 452 September 1 + 0 = 1 5 + 8 = 11 6 + 8 = 14 October 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 November 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 December 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 0 = 0 Totals 32 + 196 = 228 1640 + 1503 = 3143 1672 + 1699 = 3371 A maternity colony of400-500 was in the crevices of the sides of a sinkhole 8 miles NE Topock on 13 May 1961. A volcanic bubble cave, Power Line Cave [A 58], once housed a large maternity colony of Tadarida. Musgrove was told by a local resident that about 132 tons of guano were harvested from this cave in 1942 or 1943. Guano removal was begun during the summer and completed sometime during the winter. During the summer, bats were so numerous that the entire ceiling was covered. To facilitate working in the cave, the entrance was enlarged to let in light and an air vent was blasted in the ceiling. In spite of the blasting, bats persisted in using the cave. Many thousands were killed by dynamite supported on long poles and exploded near the ceiling. Two elderly men working in the cave developed fever and died within a few days. When Musgrove first visited this cave (16 Aug I960) little guano and only about 2000 bats were present. The bats occupied only a small, dark crevice in the ceiling. In an effort to increase use of the cave, Musgrove used some timbers and metal roofing to close most of the entrance and plugged the air vent in the ceiling with debris. On lOJul COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 55 Table 17. Analysis of guano taken from Tramway Cave, Grand Canyon National Recreation Area. Depth of sample from surface is indicated on left (00 = surface, assumed to be Modern). Among insect remains only beetles (C = Coleoptera) and moths (L = Lepidoptera) could be identified. Some brief notes indicate nature of other materials seen. Depth %C %L Other notes (inches) 0 3 97 Tadarida hair microlepidoptera 0 54 46 — mostly fine bits 4 28 72 large stones some dermestids 8 3 37 — — 12 47 53 — some dermestid 16 25 75 40% dirt — 22 57 43 some dirt — 23 53 47 — insects diff. 25 16 84 diff bat species? 27 22 78 50 % pellets “ ?. Lighter color. 31 18 72 75% pebbles. 1/3 of pellets diff. 35 19 81 pebbles/fine few pellets 39 12 88 35% pebbles few pellets 45 17 83 25% dirt few pellets 50 10 90 15% pebbles mainly fine matter 55 56 44 — — 60 68 32 some pebbles few pellet,most fine 67 63 47 some pebbles — 1961 the population was estimated at 8,000; on 25 Jul 1962, at 10,000. Populations were equally high, if not higher, when Cockrum and Musgrove visited the cave on 2 Jul 1963. The following information is primarily from Dr. Paul Martin, Geochronology Laboratories, University of Arizona. Tramway Cave, [6 on map] is the site of a bat roost that was also a bat guano mining operation in the mid-1950s. A group known as U. S. Guano Corp., operating from Kingman, Arizona, invested considerable time and capital in the operation (Anon. 1957:103/106; Grater, 1951). The cave is on the north bank of the Colorado River, near the lower end of the Grand Canyon. It is in the Granite Gorge area, about 10 miles east 56 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY of Pierce Ferry, and is part of the Lake Mead National Recreation Area. The cave, elevation of about 2200 ft., is in a limestone layer and is about 1400 feet deep. On Jun 10-11, 1958, Dr. Martin and B. C. Arms took samples from two sections: section 1 consisted of 16 samples at depths ranging from the surface to 67 inches; section 3 consisted of samples taken at depths up to 84 inches. The deepest sample was 12,900 1500 years BP, according to a radioactive carbon dating analysis recorded by Dr. Martin. Anthony Ross examined the samples for insect parts. His results are summarized in Table 17. Examination of the table suggests that the first sample (00) is the only part of the material that is very recent. In it, hair ( Tadarida ) is evident and enough structure of the insect material remains for identification of microlepidoptera. Evidence of dermestid beetles (scavengers that feed on dead organic material including hair and guano) occurs to a depth of 12 inches in the samples examined. Some of the samples contain large amounts (to 75%) of pebbles and dirt, suggesting that material from the roof of the cavern had fallen down. This suggests to us that long periods of time were involved, with few or no bats present for much of the time. Based on observations of rates of guano deposit made at the Eagle Creek Cave in Greenlee County, three to five inches are deposited in one summer season all across the area under the bats. If we assume that only 1 inch per year were deposited in this cave, then the whole deposit of 68 inches represents only 68 years. However carbon dating indicates that in excess of 11,400 years were involved. Surely much of the time no bats were present. Further, the differing nature of the insect remains (some fine, some coarser—probably the result of different tooth structure and chewing techniques on the part of the bats) as well as the differences in percentages of beetles/moths, strongly suggests that different species of bats were involved in the deposit. That some large roosts of Tadarida brasiliensis still occur in Mohave County north of the Colorado River is indicated by some findings of Hoffmeister and Durham (1971). They reported taking about 50 in a net over a tank in Black Rock Mountain in early Aug. Of the 29 of these on deposit in the Museum of Northern Arizona, 9 are COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 57 males, and 20 are females. It appears probable that a sizable maternity colony of Tadarida is nearby. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:—Total, 42 (17 m, 24 f, 1 ?), as follows: 1. Trails End, Black Rock Mtn., 11.5 miles SE Littlefield, 9 m, 20 f, 3 Aug 1969, MNA. [Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:27; Hoffmeister, 1986:116.] 2. Pakoon Spring Ranch, vicinity Grand Wash, 1 m, 12 Aug 1964, UA. 3. Jun Tank, S of Findlay Knolls, 5500 ft, 2 f, 16 Jul 1975, MNA. 4. Nixon Springs, 9 miles ESE Mt. Trumbull P.O., 2 m, 24 Apr 1978, MNA. [Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:27; Hoffmeister, 1986:116.] 5. Buckhorn Spring, T 34 N, R 16 W, Sec 26, 1600 ft., 1 m, 24 Apr 1978, MNA. 9. Stockton Hill Mine, N of Kingman, 1 m, 17 Oct 1962, UA. 16. Stouts Well, T 15 N, R 15 W, sect 35, 3064 ft., 1 m, 9 Mar 1979, UA. 14. Colorado River, Mellen [=Topock], 2 f, 26 Feb 1910, MVZ. 13. Ft. Mohave, 1 m, 26 May 1904, US. [Hoffmeister, 1986:116.] 15. 15 miles SE Yucca on Dutch Flats, 1 m, 22 Mar 1973, MNA. 19. N side Bill Williams River, Alamo Crossing, 1, ?, 10 Apr 1966, UA. Banding records:—Total banded, 3335 (1656 m, 1679 f); no recoveries; as follows: 7. Net, Red Lake area [A 2]. Banded 1 fon 8 Jul 1963. 8. Tunnel, 17 miles NW Kingman [A 12]. Banded 1 m, 1 fon 24 Sep 1961. 10. Davis Dam [A 26]. Banded 4 m, 2 fon 17 Sep I960. Banded 5 fon 15 Apr 1962. 11. Net, 1 mile NW Kingman [A 22a]. Banded 1 m on 17 Sep 1961. 11. Net, 1 mile N Kingman [A 22c]. Banded 2 fon 15 Jul 1959. 11. Net, City Tank, Kingman [A 27]. Banded 7 m on 18 Apr 1962. 11. Net, swimming pool, Kingman [A 29b]. Banded 5 fon 2 Aug I960. 11. Net, 1.5 miles SE Kingman [A31]. Banded3 m, 1 fon26 Aug 1961. 12. Net, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman [A 37]. Banded 1 fon 16 Jul I960. Banded 1 f on 8 Aug 1961. 14. Sinkhole, 5 miles NETopock [A 51]. Banded 8 fon 13 May 1961. 18. Net, Burro Creek [A 56]. Banded 2 m, 3 f on 6 Jun 1961. 18. Tunnel, E Burro Creek Bridge [A 57]. Banded 57 m, 3 fon 27 Mar 1960. Banded 752 m, 94 fon 19 Apr I960. Banded 3 m on 28 Apr 1962. 17. Cave, Chemehuevi Mts. [A 58]. Banded 80 m, 157 fon 16 Aug 1960. Banded 740 m, 826 f on 25 Jul 1962. Banded 400 f on 2 Jul 1963. 19. Net, tank, Alamo Crossing [A 68]. 58 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Banded 6 m, 169 f on 25 Aug 1963. NYCTINOMOPS FEMOROSACCUS (MERRIAM). POCKETED FREE-TAILED BAT Nyctinomus femorosaccus Merriam, North American Fauna, 2:23, 30 Oct 1889, type from Agua Caliente [= Palm Springs], Riverside County, Calif. Nyctirwmops femorosaccus , Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 54:393, 1902. Nyctinomopsfemorosacca. Freeman, Fieldiana: Zoology, n.s. 7:162, 1981. Tadaridafemorosacca, Cockrum and Musgrove, Jour. Mamm. 46:509, 26 Aug 1965; Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 243; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, Apr 1986, p. 118. Comments Six individuals were captured the evening of 25 Aug 1963 in mist nets set over a large water tank at Alamo Crossing. Two were saved as specimens at the University of Arizona collection. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:—Total, 2 (m, f)> as follows: 1. Alamo Crossing, Bill Williams River, 1000 ft., 1 m, 1 f, 25 Aug 1963, UA. [Cockrum and Musgrove, 1965:509; Hall, 1981:243; Hoffmeister, 1986:119.] NYCTINOMOPS MACROTIS (GRAY). BIG FREE-TAILED BAT Nyctinomus macrotis Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., 4:5, Sep. 1839, type from Cuba. Nyctinomops macrotis. Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 54:393, 1902; Freeman, Fieldiana: Zoology, n.s. 7:163, 1981. Tadarida macrotis, Hoffmeister and Durham, Museum of Northern Az., Flagstaff, Tech. Series 11:27, 1971; Hall, Mammals of COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 59 North America, John Wiley, New York, 1981, p 280; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ. Az. Press, 1986, p. 119. Comments None were taken. No observations. Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:—Total, 10(1 m, 9 f), as follows: /.Trails End, Black Rock Mtn., 11.5 miles SE Littlefield, 2 f, 3 Aug 1969, MNA. [Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:27; Hoffmeister, 1986:120.] 2. Nixon Springs, Mt. Trumbull, 9 miles ESETrumbull P.O., 4 f, 17 Jul 1964, UA, 3 f, 4 Aug 1969, MNA. [Hoffmeister and Durham, 1971:27; + 1, UI, Hoffmeister, 1986,:120.] 3. Net, 1.5 miles SE Kingman, 1 m, 26 Aug 1961, KHS. Banding records:— None. EUMOPS PEROTIS CALIFORNICUS (MERRIAM). WESTERN MASTIFF BAT Molossus californicus Merriam, North American Fauna, 4:31, 8 Oct 1890, type from Alhambra, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Eumopsperotis californicus, Sanborn, Jour. Mamm., 13:351, 2 Nov 1932; Cox, Jour. Mamm., 46:687, 1965; Hall, Mammals of North America, John Wiley, New York, 3 Apr 1981, p. 247; Hoffmeister, Mammals of Arizona, Univ.Az. Press, 1986,p. 121. Comments A maternity colony was found in a cave in a cliff in the Secret Pass area west of Kingman at an elevation of 2500 ft. The bottom of the cave is 45 feet above the foot of the cliff and the opening is 65 feet high. The cave is about 150 feet deep. The roost is a crevice at the top of the cave. On 16 Aug 1959,3 ad f were shot from the crevice. On 30 Aug 1959, nine more were taken, 1 juvm,4 juvfand4ad f. On4Sep I960, 3 m and 4 f were taken. The males were young of the year. On 26 Jul 1962, 10 were taken—5 ad f and 5 one-fourth grown young (3 m, 2 f) were taken of “many.” 60 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Records of Occurrence Specimens examined:—Total, 10 (1 m, 9 f)> as follows: 1. Cave #1, Secret Pass, 20 miles W Kingman, 9 f (1 f, 16 Aug 1959; 4 f, 30 Aug 1959; 3 f, 26 Sep 1959; 1 f, 16 Oct 1959, UA. [Cox, 1965:687; Hall, 1981:247.] 2. Crevice, Burro Creek, 1 m, 14 Oct 1962, KHS. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The large number of students and associates of Bill Musgrove listed in the detailed banding records given in the Appendix, as well as Bill’s wife and sons, provided many hours of effort in this banding project. Financial support for field work was provided in part by a National Science Foundation grant (G-20463) to the senior author and by a National Science Foundation Training Grant to Musgrove. Dr. Arthur Phillips of the Museum of Northern Arizona kindly permitted Cockrum to examine material in that collection. Tom Huels, of the University of Arizona Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology provided editorial and other support during the preparation of the manuscript. Publication was supported by the Arizona Heritage Fund through the Arizona Game and Fish Depart¬ ment. Without all of this help this report would not have been possible. LITERATURE CITED Allen, H. 1866. Notes on the Vespertilionidae of Tropical America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for 1866, pp 279-288. Anon. 1957. A bounty from Ancient bats. Miners find $15 million fortune in fertilizer in Grand Canyon Cave. Life, 43(23):103/106, 2 Dec. Baker, R. J., J. C. Patton, H. H. Genoways and J. W. Bickham. 1988. Genic studies of Lasiurus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Occas Pap., Mu¬ seum, Texas Tech Univ., 117:1-14. Barbour, R. W., and W. H. Davis. 1969. Bats of America. Univ. Press of Kentucky, Lexington, pp. 1-286. Bogan, M. A. 1975. Geographic variation in Myotis califomicus in the southwestern United States and Mexico. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serv.: Wildlife Res. Rep., 3: iv + 31 pp. COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 61 Cockrum, E. L. 1960. The Recent mammals of Arizona: their taxonomy and distribution. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, viii + 276 pp. Cockrum, E. L. and B. Musgrove. 1964. Additional records of the Mexican big-eared bat, Plecotus phyllotis (Allen), from Arizona. J. Mamm., 45:472-474. -. 1965. Extension of known range of the pocketed free-tailed bat. J. Mamm., 46:509. Cockrum, E. L. and Y. Petryszyn. 1991. The long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris: An endangered species in the Southwest? Occas. Pap. Museum, Texas Tech Univ., 142:1-32. Constantine, D. G. 1987. Long-tongued bat and spotted bat at Las Vegas, Nevada. J. Mamm., 32:392. Coues, E. 1867. The Quadrupeds of Arizona. Amer. Nat. 1:284 Cox, T. J. 1965. Behavior of the mastiff bat. J. Mamm., 46:687-688. Freeman, P. W. 1981. A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): Morphology, Ecology, Evolution. Fieldiana (Zool.), n.s. 7:vii+173 Genoways, H. H., and J. K. Jones, Jr. 1967. Notes on distribution and variation in the Mexican Big-eared bat, Plecotusphylbtis. Southwestern Nat., 12:477-480. Grater, R. K. 1951. Black Gold. Arizona Highways 27:2-3/26-27, Jun. Grinnell, H. W. 1918. A synopsis of the bats of California. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 17(12):223-404. Grinnell, J. 1914. An account of the mammals and birds of the lower Colorado valley with especial reference to the distributional problems presented. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 12:51-294. Hall, E. R. 1981. The Mammals of North America. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 2nd edition, vol. l,xv + 600 + 90pp. Hardy, R. 1949. Notes on mammals from Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. J. Mamm., 30:434-435. Herd, R. M. and M. B. Fenton. 1983. An electrophoretic, morphological, and ecological investigation of a punative hybrid zone between Myotis lucifugus and Myotisyumanensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Cana¬ dian J. Zool., 61(9):2029-2050. Hoffmeister, D. R.1986. Mammals of Arizona. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, xx + 602 pp. Hoffmeister, D. F. and F. E. Durham. 1971. Mammals of the Arizona Strip including Grand Canyon National Monument. Mus. Northern Ari¬ zona, Flagstaff. Tech. Series 11:1-44. Hollister, N. 1909. Two new bats from the southwestern United States. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 22:43-44. 62 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Irwin, D. W. and R. J. Baker. 1967. Additional records ofbats from Arizona and Sinaloa. Southwestern Nat., 12:189-205. Kunz,T.H. 1982. Lasionycteris noctivagans. Mammalian Species No. 172, PP 1-5. Miller, G. S., Jr. 1897. Revision of the North American bats of the family Vespertilionidae. N. Amer. Fauna 13:1-136. Miller, G. S., Jr. and G. M. Allen. 1928. The American bats of the genera Myotis and Pizortyx. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., I44:viii+218. Sellers, W. F. and R. H. Hill. 1974. Arizona Climate, 1931-1972. Univ. Arizona Press, viii+616 pp. Stager, K. L. 1943. Remarks on Myotis occultus in California. J. Mamm., 24: 197-199. Suttkus, R. D., G. H. ClemmerandC.J ones. 1978. Mammals of the riparian region of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon area of Arizona. Occas. Pap., Tulane Univ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:1-23. Wright, D. T. 1966. Morphological variation in the fringed myotis, Myotis tbysanodes Miller (Vespertilionidae). Unpublished M. S. Thesis, Univ. Arizona, viii + 32 pp. APPENDIX Banding localities. These are the sites where bats were banded and the dates and personnel involved. The banding activities are given above in the text. The material within brackets was added in 1988. Most additions result from examinations of the various topographic maps indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, the maps were of the 7.5 minute series of the US Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. In a few cases, the precise locality could not be identified on the map. In such cases the symbols ± and ? and the term “about” are used to indicate the lack of precision. 1 . OK Mine, 68 miles N Kingman, 4000 feet. [Not found, perhaps White Hills Q., 15'series, I960: 3600±feet, 35° 44'30" N, 114° 22' 30 N.] A long, dry tunnel with high rooms, side tunnels and vertical stopes. 16 Jul 1959: (Bill Musgrove). 1 Sep 1961: air temperature, 62°F(Bill Musgrove). 8 Jul 1963: air temperature, 86°F (Bill and Kent Musgrove). 2. Mist net [=LakeTank?l, Red Lake area. [Red Lake Q., 1968. 2760 feet, 35° 39' 38"N, 114° 06' 24"W.l 8 Jul 1963: (Bill and Kent Musgrove). 3. Mine tunnels, 1 mileN Chloride. [Chloride Q., 1968. 4400 feet, 35° 25'46"N, 114° IT 00"W.l A total of 21 tunnels checked. In dry tunnel near bottom of canyon 1 bat found. 10 Jul 1959: (Bill Musgrove). 4. Mine tunnel, SE edge Mineral COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 63 Park. [CerbatQ., 1968. 4200 feet, 35° 22' 15"N, 114° 09’, 30"W.] A1300 feet tunnel, with shafts and air holes. 17 Sep 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Dennis Poyner, Bill Logas). 5. Hackberry Consolidated Mine, 28.5 miles NE Kingman. [Peacock Peak Q. 4250 feet, 35° 21' 02” N, 113° 45' 56" W]. Mine on E slope of Peacock Mts. in pinon pine area. 3 Jul 1960: air temperature, 76*F; (Bill Musgrove and Jon Coppa). 26 Jul I960: air temperature at 3:30 PM, 103°F outside, 83“ F inside (Bill and Terry Musgrove, Jon Coppa). 25 Mar 1961: air temperature, 46°C; (Bill Musgrove). l4Aug 1961: (BillMusgrove,TomCox,JaimeMaya). 7 Apr 1962: air temperature, ground level, 20 feet inside tunnel, 76°F; (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). 6. Mist net at water tank and at wet mine tunnel entrance [= Rico Mine?], 3 miles NW Stockton Hills Mine, Cerbat Mts. [Stockton Hill Q., 1980. 5600 feet, 35° 20' 50"N, 114° 06' 50"W.] Water tank 6 feet in diameter, most bats caught over water at entrance of wet tunnel. 8 Jul 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 7. Mist net, mouth of wet mine tunnel [= C O D Mine?], 2.5 miles N Stockton Hills Mine, [Stockton Hill Q., 1980. 5000 feet, 35° 20' 44"N, 114° 06' 28 "W.] 27Junl963: (Bill and Kent Musgrove). 8. 3 miles 5 Hackberry. [Hackberry Q., 1968. 3940 feet, 35° 20' 10"N, 113° 42' 48"W.] 15Mayl961: (Dudley and Tribble). 9. Mine tunnel [De la Fortaine Mine?], 1 mile NW Stockton Hills Mine, about 9 miles NW Kingman, [Stockton Hill Q., 1980. 5300 feet, 35° 19 06"N, 114° 06’ 50"W.]. 13 Jan 1963: Ice on water at entrance; air temperature in tunnel, 3-5°C; (Bill Musgrove). 10. Tunnel, near Jim Kane Mine, 17 miles NW Kingman. [Stockton Hills Q., 1968. 4640 feet, 35° 18' 34"N, 114° 06' 52"W.] Mist net over water at entrance of mine tunnel. 28Junl963: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). 11. Mistnet, entrance Stockton Hills Mine, 8 miles N Kingman. [Stockton Hill Q., 1980. 5000 feet, 35° 18' 34”N, 114° 05' 30"W.] This tunnel is 700± feet long, with water standing in front 300± feet. At times, many moth wings floating on water from night roost activities. 6 Jul 1962: day roost (Bill Musgrove). 8 Jul 1962: (mist net)(Bill Musgrove). 18 Jul 1962: (mist net) (Bill Musgrove, Bill Logas). 25 Jun 1963: (mist net) (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove, Wayne Rutchman). 1 Jul 1963: (Mist net) (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove, E. L. Cockrum). 17 Jul 1963: (mistnet) (Bill and Kent Musgrove). 12. Tunnel, Jim Kane Mine area, 17 miles NW Kingman. [Stockton Hills Q., 1968. 4550 feet, 35° 18'28"N, 114° 06’ 52”W.] Short tunnel, about 100 feet long. An enlarged area about 30 feet from entrance was batroost. 24 Sep 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 13. Tunnel [= Golden Gem Mine?], 1.5 miles W Jim Kane Mine, 16± miles NW Kingman. [Cerbat Q., 1968. 4150 feet, 35° 18' 16"N, 114° 08' 16"W.] Tunnel 500 to 600 feet long, with 6 inches of water in first 100 feet. 24 Sep 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 14. 5.5 miles 64 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY N Kingman. [Kingman Q., 1967.3600 feet, 35° 17' 30"N, 114° 08’ 30"W.] Mist net over a small water hole. 5 May 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Charles Glancy). 1 Jun 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 75. Mist net, mouth mine tunnel [=Western Union Mine], 1 mile W Stockton Hills mine, [Stockton Hill Q., 1980. 5000 feet, 35° 18' 30"N, 114° 06' 30"W.]. Water in tunnel. 26 Jun 1963: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). 16. Airport, NE of Kingman. [Kingman Airport Q., 1968. 3350 feet, 35° 16’N, 113° 57’W.] In old building. 26 Aug 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Bill Logas). 8 Sep 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 17a. Lower tunnel [=Tyro mine?], N side ridge near bottom of canyon, Katherine Wash, 7 miles E Davis Dam. [Union Pass Q., 1967. 2800 feet, 35° 13' 36"N, 114° 26' 52"W.] Tunnel above wash bank, near the canyon bottom, 7-800 feet long and with a side tunnel of 100 feet. One vertical shaft near the back. Some sign ofbat activity. 5 Mar 1961: (Bill, Kent andTerry Musgrove, Larry Ross, Earl Chambers, Dale Nichols). 17b. Upper tunnel, N side ridge near top of canyon, Katherine Wash, 7 miles E Davis Dam. [See 17a above]. Complex of three levels of drifts, air shafts and extensive side tunnels. About 1/2 mile of tunnels and drifts. Scattered small piles ofbat guano in all tunnels and drifts. May be a PUcotus townsendsii maternity colony. 5 Mar 1961: (Bill, Kent andTerry Musgrove, Larry Ross, Earl Chambers, Dale Nichols). 9Sep 1961: (Bill and Terry Musgrove). 17c. Main tunnel and pits, Katherine Wash, 7.5 miles E Davis Dam. [See 17a above]. Complex of tunnels, shafts and stopes, with about one mile of tunnels, all with 6 to 8 feet ceilings. Little guano present. 4 Mar 1961: (Bill, Kent andTerry Musgrove, Larry Ross, Earl Chambers, Dale Nichols). 9 Sep 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 18. Mine tunnel, 700 feet from Lake Havasu, Telephone Pole Cove, 1 mi N Katherine Landing, 600 ft. [Davis Dam Q., 1983. 35° 13' 32" N, 114° 34' 04" W.] 30 Aug 1959: (JoeandJonCoppa, Bill Musgrove). 16 Apr I960: (Bill Musgrove, Jon Coppa, E. L. Cockrum). 17Sepl960: (Bill Musgrove and High School Science Class). 26 Feb 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Larry Ross, Dale Nickols). 13 Aug 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Tom Cox, Jaime Maya). 19a. Mist net, mouth wet mine tunnel, 1 mile SW Union Pass. [Union Pass Q., 1967. 3320 feet, 35° 12' 58"N, 114° 24' 12" W.] Mine tunnel at foot of low, rocky cliff at edge of open desert. T unnel 9 feet wide, 8.5 feet tall and over 150 feet long. lOJul 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 26 Jul 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 3 Jul 1963: (Bill and Kent Musgrove, E. L. Cockrum). 23 Jul 1963: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove, John Coppa). 19b. Dry tunnel, 1 mile SW Union Pass. [See 19a above]. Tunnel, 150 feet deep, facing W, halfway up side of cliff. Open desert below. Little vegetation on low hills. This is about 100 feet north of site 19a. 10 Jul 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 3 Jul 1963: (Bill and Kent Musgrove, E. L. Cockrum). 20 Jul COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 65 1967: (Clay Mitchell and James Mascarello). 20. Mine tunnels, Chalk Peak, 2 miles W Union Pass, 2800 feet. [Union Pass Q., 1967. 3400 feet, 35° 12' 52"N, 114° 25' 00"W.] Entire peak honey-combed with tunnels; highest room in tunnel very large, 75 x 100 feet. 16 Apr 1960: (Bill Musgrove). 17 Aug 1960: air temperature 79°F; (Bill Musgrove and Science Class). 30 Aug I960: (Bill Musgrove, Bill Logas, Mike and Gary Smith, Dennis Poyner). 26 Feb 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Larry Ross, Dale Nichols). 5 Mar 1961: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove, Larry Ross, Earl Chambers, Dale Nichols). 31 Jul 1961: (Larry Ross, Deri Walker). 13 Aug 1961: Nothing. Fires had been built in all tunnels. All timbering and one chute burned in the big room. Much smoke in all tunnels. 28Junl962: (Bill Musgrove). 21. Mine tunnel, Little Butte, 1 mile S Chalk Peak, 2 miles W Union Pass. [Union Pass Q., 1967. 3200 feet, 35° 12'30"N, 114° 24'44"W.] No guano present. 5 Mar 1961: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove, Larry Ross, Earl Chambers, Dale Nichols). 22a. 1 mile NW Kingman. [Kingman Q., 1967. 3500 feet, near 35° 12' 30"N 114° 03’w.] Mist net over water tanks. 3 Sep 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 17Sepl961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 22b. 1 mile N Kingman. [See 22a]. Night roost in a garage. 24 Apr 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Charles Glancy). 22c. 1 mile N Kingman. [See 22a]. Mist net over water hole, desert area near rock cliffs. 15 Jul 1959: (Bill Musgrove, Jon Coppa). 23a. Rock building, S side state highway 93, 4 miles E Kingman. [Rattlesnake Hill Q., 1968. 113°N, 57’W.] Bats in crevices of wall. 25 Sep 1960: (Bill Musgrove, Dennis Poyner, Mike Smith). 23b. Peoples Cave, Buzzards Roost, 2 miles S of stone bldg. [Rattlesnake Hill Q., 1968]. “An old Tadarida cave, 25 feet deep, 30 feet wide, 20 feet high. Guano had been 6 feet deep. Cave not used by any number of bats for nearly 30 years. A rough 2 mile walk over a ridge and down a steep canyon.” 7 Aug 1960: (Bill and Terry Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 24. Net in tunnel, Getz tunnel, N end Hualapai Mts, 9 miles SE Kingman. [Hualapai Peak NE, 1968. 5200 feet, 35° 09' 04"N, 113° 50' 22"W.] Mine tunnel, 200 feet long, with water in last 75 feet. 19 Aug 1959: (Bill Musgrove). 7 Aug I960: air temperature, 71 °F (Bill and Terry Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 13 Jul 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 15 Jul 1962: (mist net at entrance) (Bill Musgrove, Charles Glancy, Wayne Rutchman). 25a. Forked tunnel, 600 ft SW of pass, 11 mi SE Kingman, 3700 ft. [Rattlesnake Hill Q., 1980. 35° 12" 00"N, 113° 54' 30" W.] A cool tunnel about 250 feet long, with a large room in left fork. N end Hualapai Mts. 13 Jul 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 10 Dec 1961: air temperatire. 58°F (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 7 Aug 1963: (Bill and Kent Musgrove). 25b. Tunnel, 500 feet S of pass, 11 miles SE Kingman, [see 25a above]. Damp tunnel, one small pool of water. 13 Jul 1961: air temperature, 66 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY 63°F (Bill Musgrove). 7 Aug 1963: (Bill and Kent Musgrove). 25c. Mine tunnel, 12 miles E Kingman on highway 93, 0.25 mile S highway [same as 25b?]. A cool tunnel with an air shaft. 7Augl963: (Bill and Kent Musgrove). 25d. Tunnel at divide, 11 miles SE Kingman, [see 25a above]. Short (about 50 feet) tunnel opening N on N slope of divide. 13 Jul 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 26. Davis Dam, [Davis Dam Q., 1983. 560 feet. 35° 11’ 56"N, 114° 34' 10"W]. Bats roost in crevices over the spillway and in various construction seams. 17 Sep 1960: (Bill Musgrove and Science Class). 9 Apr 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 15 Apr 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 27. City Water Tank, hill top, Kingman. [Kingman Q., 1967. 3650 feet, 35° 11' 44”N, 114° 02' 10”W.] 18 Apr 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 28a. Mist net, 2501 Marlene Ave, Kingman. [Kingman Q., 1967. 3560 feet, 35° 11' 35"N, 114° 0T 12”W.] Net set in front yard. 1 Jul I960: (Bill and Terry Musgrove). 9Jul 1960: (Bill and Terry Musgrove). 11 Jul I960: (Bill and Terry Musgrove). 9 Sep 1960: (Bill Musgrove). 18 Jul 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 23 Jul 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 24Jul 1961: 29Jull963: (Bill Musgrove). 2Augl963: (Bill and Kent Musgrove). 28b. East Kingman [see 28a above]. Goldsteins, caught and killed by a house cat. 20 Jul 1962: (reported by Bill Musgrove). 28c. East Kingman [see 28 a above]. 30Jull962: (Bill Musgrove) .29a. Gold and First Streets, Kingman [Kingman Q., 1967. 3300 feet, 35° 11' 20"N, 114° 03' 00" W.] Captured with hand net under street light. 17 Sep 1960: (Bill Musgrove, Mike Finnegan). 29b. City swimming pool, Kingman. Mist net over shallow end of pool. 2Augl960: (Bill Musgrove, Jon Coppa, Larry Ross). 29c. Downtown Kingman. Caught on antenna of police car. 19 Jul 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Harold Hanna—chief of police). 30. 7.5 miles SE Kingman. [Kingman Q., 1967. 4680 feet, 35° 11' 10"N, 113° 54' 28"W.] Mist nets over 15 feet diameter water tank and over 2 water troughs. 5 Jul 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 16 Jul 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Charles Glancy). 31. 1.5 miles SE Kingman. [Kingman Q., 1967. 3650 feet, 35° 11'04"N, 114° 00' 32"W.] Mist net over almost dry water hole. 26 Aug 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 33. Big Wash tunnel [=FrostMine?], 11 miles SE Kingman and then 1.25 miles W up wash. [Hualapai Peak NE Q., 1968. 4600 feet, 35° 10' 14"N, 113° 5T 07"W.] Damp tunnel, about 500 feet long. 13 Jul 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 34. 3.5 miles SSE Kingman. [Rattlesnake Hill Q., 1968. 4040 feet, 35° 09' 52"N, 113° 58' 48"W.] Mist net over cattle trough. 13 Aug 1961: (Bill and Kent Musgrove). 35. Mine tunnel, Power Line Pass of Secret Pass. [Secret Pass Q., 1967. 3600. 35° 09' 48"N, 114° 21' 56"W.] Tunnel facing west. 30 Aug 1959: (Bill Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 36. Rock crevices, Secret Pass (7 miles [by road] S Union Pass). [Secret Pass Q., 1968. 3300 feet, 35° 23' 58"N, 114° 22' 16"W.] Three caves here: 1. COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 67 Southernmost of the three. Bottom of cave 45 feet above ground level, with 65 feet opening and extending 150 feet into cliff. Opening to the east. 2. No signs of bats. 3. Northernmost of the three. At edge of valley, at foot of 350 feet high cliff; opening 65 feet high, depth about 150 feet. Light and warm. Cavel. l6Augl959: (Bill Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 30 Aug 1959: (BillMusgrove, Jon andjoe Coppa). 4Sepl960: (Bill and Terry Musgrove; Joe and Jon Coppa). 26Jull962: (BillMusgrove). Cave 3. 16Augl959: (Bill Musgrove, Jon Coppa). 37. Mist net, Twin windmills, 4.5 miles SSE Kingman. [Rattlesnake Hill Q., 1980. 4360 feet, 35° 09' 28”N, 113° 57' 24"W.] Water tank, 20 feet diameter and 5 feet deep, surrounded by desert willow, catsclaw, mesquite and pinon pine. Estimated that in Jun and Jul over 1000 bats visit this tank each night. 11 Jul 1959: (BillMusgrove). 13 Jul 1959: (Bill Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 14 Jul 1959: (BillMusgrove). 18Jul 1959: (BillMusgrove, Jon Coppa). 25Junl960: (BillMusgrove; Joe andjon Coppa). 29Junl960: (Bill Musgrove and Jon Coppa). 5 Jul 1960: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove, Jon Coppa). 13 Jul I960: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove, Jon Coppa). I6jull960: (Bill Musgrove and Jon Coppa). 21 Jul I960: (wire stretched over trough) (Bill and Terry Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 23 Jul 1960: (Bill Musgrove, Jon Coppa). 25 Aug 1960: (Bill and Terry Musgrove, Joe andjon Coppa). 13 Sep 1960: (Bill Musgrove). 27 Sep 1960: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). 5 Jun 1961: (Steve Cross, Jaime Maya). 11 Jul 1961: (Bill and Kent Musgrove, Larry Ross, Tom Peterson, Deri Walker). 7 Aug 1961: (Net over water trough only) (Bill Musgrove). 8 Aug 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Larry Ross, Deri Walker). 11 Aug 1961: (Tom Cox, Jaime Maya). 12 Aug 1961: (Tom Cox, Jaime Maya). 13 Aug 1961: (Tom Cox and Jaime Maya). 13Aprl962: (BillMusgrove). 16 Apr 1962: (BillMusgrove, Science Class). 17Aprl962: (Bill Musgrove and Science Class). 23 May 1962: (BillMusgrove). 8 Jun 1962: (BillMusgrove). 6Jull962: (BillMusgrove). 38. S side Santa FeRR, 1.5 miles SW Kingman. [Kingman Q., 1967. 3040 feet, 35° 09* 18"N, 114° 04' 52"W.] Mine tunnel and shaft, tunnel 50 feet, shaft 20 feet, tunnel 30 feet. 11 Aug I960: (Bill Musgrove, Dennis Poyner, BillLogas). 20Aug I960: (BillMusgrove, Dennis Poyner). 26 Jun 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Pat Legg). 39. Upper Windmill, 8 miles SSE Kingman. [Hualapai Peak W. Q., 1968. 5000± feet, 35° 07' 30"N, 113° 54’54"W.j Mist nets over water trough. 4 Aug 1960: (Billand Terry Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 10 Aug 1960: (Bill and Terry Musgrove, Joe andjon Coppa). 13 Aug I960: (Bill and Terry Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 16 Aug 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 1 May 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Charles and Richard Glancy). lOJun 1962: (BillMusgrove). 23 Jul 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Wayne Rutchman). 9 Jul 1963: (Bill, Kent and 68 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Terry Musgrove). 40. 6.5 miles SSE Kingman. [Kingman Q., 1967. 4680 feet, 35° 08' 42"N, 113° 35' 30"W.] Mist net over water trough at windmills at bldgs at foot of Hualapai Mts. 4 Aug 1960: (Bill, and Terry Musgrove, Joe andJonCoppa). 9 Jun 1962: (BillMusgrove). 41. EnterprizeMine, 16miles by road SE Kingman. [Hualapai PeakNEQ., 1968. 5000 feet, 35° 08'40"N, 113°49'22"W.] Dry tunnel, several small piles of guano. 23 Sep 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 30Sep 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 42. Park tunnel, 1500 feet below caretaker quarters, Mohave County Park headquarters. [6600±feet, Hualapai PeakQ., 1968. About35°06’N, 113°52’W.] Damp tunnel. 12Mayl962: (Bill Musgrove). 43d. Flag Mine, 13 miles S Kingman, Hualapai Mtn. [Hualapai Peak Quadrangle, 7000 feet, 35° 04'40" N, 113° 52' 58" W]. This mine tunnel is in the yellow pine, Douglas fir zone. Water on the floor of the tunnel, about 250 feet in from entrance. The mine is a complex of tunnels, some of which have collapsed. Especially during the winter, various bats hibernate in this mine. During the summer, they come to the mine in numbers to drink from the water. At that time they are readily taken in mist nets set at the mine entrance. Results from mist netting activities are listed separately as locality 43b. 5 Dec 1961: Ice over water for first 10-12 feet of tunnel. Many bats on wall, in numerous small clusters. Few taken because not prepared to handle large numbers. (Bill Musgrove, George Walker, Dennis Poyner). 10 Dec 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 20 Jan 1962: (Bill and Terry Musgrove). 12 May 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 26 Jan 1963: (Bill Musgrove, Gordon VR Bradshaw). 43b. Mist net, entrance Flag Mine. [See 43a]. 12 Jun 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 3Jull962: (Bill Musgrove). 11 Jul 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Bill Logas). 23 Jul 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Bill Logas). 10 Oct 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Bill Logas). 14 Nov 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Bill Logas). l4Decl962: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 17Jan 1963: (Bill Musgrove, Bill Logas). 30 Jan 1963: (Bill Musgrove, Bill Logas). 21 Feb 1963: (Bill Musgrove, Bill Logas). 27 Feb 1963: (Bill Musgrove, Bill Logas). 6 Mar 1963: (Bill Musgrove). 20 May 1963: (Bill Musgrove). 4 Jul 1963: (Bill and Terry Musgrove, E. L. Cockrum). 27Jul 1963: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). 44. Mine tunnel, 5 miles NOatman on Bullhead road. [OatmanQ., 1967. 2200 feet, 35°04'32"N, 114° 26’20"W.] Avery damp, branched tunnel, about 200 feet deep. Burros use this as source of water. 17 Aug 1961: (Bill and Terry Musgrove). 45. Sacramento Wash, 12 miles W Kingman. [Kingman SW Q., 2280 feet, 35° 04’ 18"N, 114° 12' 50"W.] Mist net over water hole. 28 Jun I960: (Bill Musgrove). 46. Mist net, Democrat Mine, 5 miles S Hualapai Mtn. Park. [Dean PeakQ., 1968. 5760 feet, 35° 04' 10"N, 113° 51' 50"W.] Wet tunnel with 100+feet of shallow water at entrance; several large piles of guano. 7 Jul 1963: (Bill Musgrove). COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYSZYN 69 12 Jul 1963: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). 28Jull963: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). 47. Half-mile tunnel [=Goldroad mine ?], 4.5 miles E Oatman. [MountNutt Q., 1967. 3400 feet, 35° 02' 20"N, 114° 22' 10"W.] A dry tunnel. 10 Apr 1960: (Bill Musgrove, E. L. Cockrum, Larry Ross, Dennis Poyner). 16 Apr 1960: (Bill Musgrove, Jon Coppa, E. L. Cockrum). 25Augl960: (Bill Musgrove). 30 Sep 1960: (Bill Musgrove, Mike and Gary Smith, Bill Logas, Dennis Poyner). 31 Jul 1961: (Larry Ross, Deri Walker). 17 Sep 1961: (Bill and Terry Musgrove). 48. Sulphur tunnel, 4 miles N Oatman. [Oatman Q., 1967. 2320 feet, 35° 01' 16"N, 114° 24' 43"W.] Tunnel at side of road. Air temperature 71 °F on 17 Sep 1961. 31 Jul 1961: (Larry Ross, Deri Walker). 4 Feb 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Jay Gates). 17 Sep 1961: (Bill and Terry Musgrove). 49. Mine tunnels [=Pioneer Mine?], 1 mile W Oatman. [Union Pass Q., 1967. 2400 feet, 35° 01' 12"N, 114° 24' 22"W.] Two small tunnels and a deep, almost vertical shaft. 15 Apr 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 50. Building, Cane Springs, Big Sandy River. [Pilgrim Wash Q., 1967. 2640 feet, 34° 53’ 22"N, 113° 40' 00"W.] In attic of old house. 22 Oct I960: (Bill Musgrove, Dennis Poyner). 51. Sinkhole, 5 miles NE [by road?] Topock. [Warm Springs SWQ., 600 feet, 34° 44'42"N, 114° 26' 18 "W.] Near old railroad bed; 30 feet diameter, 40 feet deep; bottom of sink larger than top, thus with 15 feet overhang. Bats in crevices. 13 May 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 1 Jul 1961: (Larry Ross and Deri Walker). 52. Mine tunnel [=Gold Dome Mine], Needle Rock, 5 miles SE Topock. [TopockQ., 1970. 1400 feet, 34° 40' 26"N, 114° 26' 18"W.] An extensive tunnel with a great amount of guano. Two nearby tunnels with 200 lbs. guano. 28 Jan 1962: air temperature, 67°F (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 53. State highway 93, 2 miles N Kaiser Spring Wash. [Greenwood Peak Q., 1980. 2200 feet, 34° 35' 26"N, 113° 30' 40”W.]. 22 Jan 1962: (Suzane Martin reported to Bill Musgrove). 54. [On the Kaiser Spring Q., 1980, near 34° 33' 38"N, 113° 00' 08 "W, at an elevation of about 1800 feet, are a series of mine tunnels indicated by the name Burro Mine. The following (54a-54j) banding records refer to mine tunnels in this general region. Perhaps some are the same tunnel listed under aslightly different designation.] 54a. Tunnel on Kaiser Springs Wash at Burro Creek. 14 Oct 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 54b. Tunnel, Upper Burro Creek. Tunnel, Upper Burro Creek, 1.5 miles downstream from Kaiser Springs Bridge. “Turned up Burro Cr from Kaiser Springs Wash about 500 yds, across stream and up a small gulch about 300 yds, entrance faces east, well hid. Tunnel 100 feet long and with 20 feet side tunnel.” 16 Apr 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 54d. L-shaped tunnel, 0.25 mile from Kaiser Springs on Burro Creek. 17 May 1961: (Bill Musgrove andT. Peterson). 54e. Tunnel of Burro Creek, above 70 OCCASIONAL PAPERS-MUSEUM OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Kaiser Spring (upper tunnel). 17 May 1961: (Bill Musgrove and T. Peterson). 54f. Upper tunnel, Burro Creek, 0.25 mile up Burro Cr from Kaiser Springs Wash. 17Mayl961: (Bill Musgrove andT. Peterson). 1 Oct 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 54g. No. 1 Mine, Burro Creek, 1.25 mile below Kaiser Springs Bridge, 10 miles E Signal. Tunnel N side stream, 30 feet from edge of bank. Opening to S, 120 feet tunnel with one bend. 19 Mar 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 16 Apr 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 1 Oct 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 28 Apr 1962: (Bill Musgrove and 5 Science students). 54h. Mine tunnel, lower Burro Creek, 1.75 miles below Kaiser Springs Bridge at State highway 93. “Lower tunnel, 150 yds up mtn side from Burro Creek but below Kaiser Springs Wash, tunnel faces NW. Tunnel 900 feet long, easy to work, tons of guano.” 16 Apr 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 54j. Tunnel, S side Burro Creek, 2.75 miles below Kaiser Spring Bridge at State Highway 93. 16 Apr 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 17Mayl96l: (BillMusgrove andT. Peterson). 1 Oct 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 3 Feb 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 28 Apr 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Science Students). 14 Oct 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 27 Jan 1963: (Bill Musgrove, Gordon VR Bradshaw). 24 Feb 1963: (BillMusgrove, Bob Wallace, Bill Logas). lOMar 1963: (Bill Musgrove). 22 Mar 1963: (Bill Musgrove). 7 Apr 1963: (Bill Musgrove). 26 Jan 1964: (Bill Musgrove). 9 Feb 1964: (Bill Musgrove). 16 Feb 1964: (BillMusgrove). 23 Feb 1964: (BillMusgrove). 1 Mar 1964: (Bill Musgrove). 15 Mar 1964: (Bill Musgrove). 29 Mar 1964: (Bill Musgrove). 55. Crevice, Burro Creek, 0.5 mile upstream from Kaiser Springs. [Kaiser Springs Q., 1980 [probably the same as 54]. In larger overhang crevice. 14 Oct 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 56. Jet State highway 93 and Burro Creek. [Kaiser Springs Q., 1980. 1960 feet, 34° 32' 25"N, 113° 26' 50"W.] Mist net over creek [at campground]. 6Junl96l: (Steve Cross, Jaime Maya). 57. Mine tunnel [=Golden Key Mine], 76 miles from Kingman on State highway 93, 3.5 miles E Burro Creek Bridge. [Kaiser Springs Q., 1980. 2800 feet, 34° 31’45"N, 113° 23'50''W.] Tunnel onW slope of rocky hillside with scattered brush. Tunnel 300 feet long, guano up to 1.5 feet deep. 7Marl960: (Bill Musgrove, E. L. Cockrum). 19Aprl960: (Bill Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa, E. L. Cockrum). 16 Jul 1960: (Bill Musgrove and Jon Coppa). 17Augl960: (Billand Terry Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 17 May 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 28 Apr 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 58. Power-line Cave, W slope Chemehuevi Mts. [Lake Havasu City North, 1970. 1255 feet, 34° 33’ 42” N, 114° 19’ 12" W.] This is a lava cave. See discussion in Tadarida brasiliensis account. 16 Aug 1960: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 15 Apr 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 10 Jul 1961: (Bill Musgrove). 25 Jul 1962: (Bill, COCKRUM, MUSGROVE, & PETRYS2YN 71 Kent and Terry Musgrove, Wayne Rutchman). 2 Jul 1963: (Bill, Kent and TerT Musgrove, E. L. Cockrum). 59. Smith Ranch, 43 miles S Kingman. [Not found on topographic sheet]. Bats caught in old bam. 15 Sep 1962: (Bill Musgrove, Mike Smith, George Watson). 60. Lead Pill Mine, 7 miles N[=NW] Rawhide Mine. [Artillery Peak Quadrangle, 15' series, 1966 2480 feet, 34° 22' 30" N, 113° 43' 18" W]. Horizontal tunnel. 25 Jul 1963: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). 61. Upper mine tunnel, 1 mile N [=NW] Rawhide Mine. [Artillery Peak Quadrangle, 15' series, 1966. 2000 feet, 34° 18 30 N, 113° 39 42" W.] A tunnel about 250 feet deep, with one side tunnel. 10 Jul I960: air temperature, 75°F (Bill Musgrove). 25 Jul 1963: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). 62. Mine tunnel, 5.25 miles N [=NW] Alamo Crossing, 0.25 mile N [=NW] Rawhide Mine. [Artillery Peak Quadrangle, 15' series, 1966. 1920 feet, 34° 18' 12 N, 113° 39' 12" W.] Tunnel about 200 feet long. lOJul 1960: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 63: Tunnel, 600 feet above Rawhide Mine. [Artillery Peak Quadrangle, 15'series, 1966. 1920 feet, 34° 17'56N, 113° 39'32"W.] A straight tunnel about 150 feet deep. lOJul I960: (Bill Musgrove and Joe Coppa). 2 Jul 1962: (Bill Musgrove). 25 Jul 1963: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). 64. Mine tunnel, 1 mile N [=NW] Rawhide Mine, 6 miles N [=NW] Alamo Crossing. [Artillery Peak Quadrangle, 15' series, 1966. 1940 feet,34° 17 52 ,113°39 32' W.] A tunnel on E side of road, 200± feet deep. 10 Jul I960: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 2 Jul 1962: (BillMusgrove). 65. Mine tunnel [=Cactus Queen Mine?], 1 mileW [WSW] Rawhide Mines. [Artillery Peak Quadrangle, 15'series, 1966. 2000 feet, 34° 17' 42"N, 113° 39' 36" W.] 10 Jul I960: (Bill Musgrove and Jon Coppa). 66. Mine, 0.5 mile W [=SW] Rawhide Mine, 5 miles N [=NW] Alamo Crossing. [Artillery Peak Quadrangle, 15'series, 1966. 1920 feet, 34° 17' 42"N, 113° 40' 12"W.] One tunnel with two side tunnels and two 100 feet air shafts. 10 Jul I960: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove, Joe and Jon Coppa). 67. Mine tunnels [=DeerTrail Mine], 0.25 mileS Rawhide Mine. [Artillery Peak Quadrangle, 15' series, 1966. 1800 feet, 34° 17' 30"N, 113° 38'52"W.] A maze ofsmall tunnels and drifts. 2Jull962: (Bill Musgrove). 25 Jul 1963: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). 68. Mist net, dirt dam tank, Alamo Crossing, Bill Williams River. [Artillery Peak Quadrangle, 15' series, 1966. 1050 feet, 34° 15'42,113° 34'54"W. Now under the water of Alamo Lake.] 25 Aug 1963: (Bill and Kent Musgrove). 69. Jackass Flat Mine tunnel, 4.5 miles N Davis Dam, 0.75 mile W Lake Mohave, Clark County, Nevada. [ 1000+ feet]. Mine with many shafts and rooms, extensive guano. 9 Apr 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Science Class). 13 Aug 1961: (Bill Musgrove, Tom Cox, Jaime Maya). 29Junl962: (Bill Musgrove). lOJul 1963: (Bill, Kent and Terry Musgrove). E LENDELL COCKRUM, Professor Emeritus, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 113 Biological Sciences East, University of Arizona,Tucson, AZ 85721. E-mail: cockrum@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU YAR PETRYSYN, Senior Curatorial Specialist, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 123 Biological Sciences East, University of Ari- zona, Tucson, AZ 85721. (520) 621-7291 ■ BILL MUSGROVE, Retired, 874 Highway 170, Farmington, NM 87401. (505) 327-1039. SEND ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO YAR PETRYSYN. PUBLICATIONS OF THE MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY It was through the efforts of Horn Professor J Knox Jones, as Director of Academic Publications, that Texas Tech University initiated several publications series including the Occasional Papers of the Museum. This and future editions in the series are a memorial to his dedication to excellence in academic publications. Professor Jones enjoyed editing scientific publica¬ tions and served the scientific community as an editor for the Journal of Mammalogy, Evolution, The Texas Journal of Science, Occasional Papers of the Museum, and Special Publications of the Museum. It is with special fondness that we remember Dr. J Knox Jones. Institutional subscriptions are available through The Museum of Texas Tech University, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409. Individuals may also purchase separate numbers of the Occasional Papers directly from The Museum of Texas Tech University. ISSN 0149-175X The Museum of Texas Tech University • Lubbock, TX 79409-3191