MONTANA STATE This "cover" page added by the Internet Archive for formatting purposes MONTANA STATE LIBRARY. 3 0864 0010 1082 9 SENSITIVE PLANT SURVEY OF THE TENDOY MOUNTAINS IN THE BEAVERHEAD NATIONAL FOREST BEAVERHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA STATE DOCUiVlENTS COLLECTION 1397 MONTANA STATE LIBRARY. 1515 E. 6th AVE. HELENA, MONTANA 59620, Prepared by: Jim Vanderhorst Montana Natural Heritage Program State Library 1515 East Sixth Avenue Helena, Montana 59620 Prepared for: United States Forest Service Beaverhead National Forest 610 North Montana Dillon, Montana 59725 January 19 95 D \i% © 1995 Montana Natural Heritage Program This document should be cited as follows: Vanderhorst, Jim. 1995. Sensitive plant survey of the Tendoy Mountains in the Beaverhead National Forest, Beaverhead County, Montana. Unpublished report to the Beaverhead National Forest. Montana Natural Heritage Program. Helena, MT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoy Mountains was surveyed for sensitive and prospective sensitive plant species. Eight populations of five target species were located including three populations of Cusick's horsemint (Agastache cusickii) , two of Sitka columbine {Aquilegia formosa) , and one each of Bitterroot milkvetch {Astragalus scaphoides) , valley sedge (Carex vallicola) , and tapertip biscuitroot (Lomatium attenuatum) . None of these species currently has official U.S. Forest Service status but at this time Region 1 sensitive status is recommended for Agastache cusickii , Astragalus scaphoides , and Aquilegia formosa and Beaverhead National Forest watch status is recommended for Carex vallicola and Lomatium attenuatum. This project was the second part of a sensitive plant survey of the Tendoy Mountains vicinity, which commenced in 1993 with a survey of BLM lands. There are now 23 target species known from the vicinity and a total of 469 taxa of vascular plants have been identified in the study areas. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all of the people and organizations who helped in the completion of this project: Bonnie Heidel for providing the opportunity and for support in many ways, Peter Lesica for conversations on many plants, Steve Cooper for ecological tutoring and 4-wheel drive rides to the crest, Margaret Beer for sorting things out of the database, Cedron Jones for CIS mapping, and the others at the Montana Natural Heritage Program, the Beaverhead National Forest, and the herbaria ( Intermountain, Rocky Mountain, Montana State University, and the University of Montana) who provided invaluable services, facilities, and support. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES V LIST OF FIGURES v INTRODUCTION 1 THE STUDY AREA 1 METHODS 4 RESULTS 5 Agastache cusickii 8 Aquilegia formosa 12 Astragalus scaphoides 16 Carex vallicola 21 Lomatium attenuatum 25 DISCUSSION 30 LITERATURE CITED 33 APPENDIX A: Map showing principle search routes 36 APPENDIX B: Former target species which have been dropped . 37 APPENDIX C: Primary search targets identified on BLM lands 38 APPENDIX D: EORs and maps showing precise occurrence locations 39 APPENDIX E: Target species from the Tendoy Mountains vicinity 56 APPENDIX F: List of vascular plants of the Tendoy Mountains vicinity 62 APPENDIX G: Photographic slides 69 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Recommendations on USFS status of target species LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of the Tendoy Mountains vicinity 2 Figure 2. Map showing occurrences of target species in the Tendoy Mountains vicinity 7 Figure 3. Illustration of Agastache cusickii . . 9 Figure 4. Illustration of Aquilegia formosa 14 Figure 5. Illustration of Astragalus scaphoides 18 Figure 6. Illustration of Carex vallicola 23 Figure 7. Illustration of Lomatium attenuatum 26 INTRODUCTION This report describes a sensitive species botanical survey of Beaverhead National Forest lands in the Tendoy Mountains in southwestern Montana. The purpose of this work was to locate and survey populations of sensitive plant species recognized by Region 1 of the U.S. Forest Service (USDA Forest Service 1994), and prospective sensitive species currently tracked by the Montana Natural Heritage Program (MTNHP) as plant species of special concern (Heidel 1994). Surveys to determine the status of sensitive species are being conducted throughout the west in response to the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and subsequent conservation initiatives by the U.S. Forest Service and other agencies. These surveys represent a botanical baseline to aid in identifying conservation priorities and developing protection and compatible management strategies. In 1993, a similar study was conducted on Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands in the Tendoy Mountains and adjacent upper Big Sheep Creek drainage (Vanderhorst and Lesica 1994). The BLM study provided a list of "target" species for this project. A secondary goal of both of these surveys was to document the general flora of the area. Together these projects represent a recent rapid advance in the knowledge of the unique flora of the Tendoy Mountains vicinity. THE STUDY AREA The Tendoy Mountains are located in Beaverhead County in the southwest corner of the state (Figure 1). They lie about 30 miles south-southwest of the county seat, Dillon, and directly west of the small communities of Red Rock, Kidd, and Dell. The Tendoys are isolated from ranges to the east and north by broad basins and low hills drained by Red Rock and Horse Prairie Creeks respectively. The valley of Medicine Lodge Creek separates the Tendoys from the Beaverhead Mountains to the west. The deep canyon of Big Sheep Creek divides the Tendoys from White Pine Ridge to the south, its tributary, Muddy Creek, forms an interior basin between the eastern and western flanks of the range, and its upper tributaries form a broad basin to the southeast. Relatively high elevation connections between the Beaverhead and Tendoy ranges are formed by White Pine Ridge and by the divide between Medicine Lodge Creek and Cabin Creek, a tributary of Big Sheep Creek. Elevations range from under 6,000 feet in the valley bottoms to just over 9,500 feet on a few of the highest peaks. Figure 1. Map of the Tendoy Mountains vicinity 2 Beaverhead National Forest lands in the Tendoys are mostly at higher elevations flanking the crests of the range, but some lower elevation foothills and stream courses are represented. Forest lands on White Pine Ridge were not included in this survey. The lower elevations peripheral to the National Forest and in Muddy Creek Basin are mostly BLM and state lands. Private land in the range is limited to the periphery and a few inholdings along Muddy and Kate Creeks and in the northern foothills. The Tendoy Mountains were formed by folding and faulting of Precambrian, Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata as described by Geach (1972) and Alt and Hyndman (1986). The north-south trending Red Rock fault is evidenced by the steep eastern flank of the range, visible from Interstate 15 between Dell and Red Rock. Exposed bedrock in the mountains and foothills includes some precambrian granite and gneiss, along with extensive beds of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks, mostly limestone and quartzite, respectively. Much of the lower foothills and the Muddy Creek basin are covered by Tertiary sediments (conglomerates, shales, sandstones, limestones, and tuff). A limited area of younger Tertiary volcanics is exposed in the vicinity of Sourdough Point. Quaternary deposits include alluvial flood plains, terraces, and fans, and extensive talus and boulder fields mass-wasted from steep cliffs. The climate regime of the Tendoy Mountains vicinity is semi-arid with cold winters and relatively warm summers. Data from the nearby station at Lima (elevation 6,265 feet) are taken to approximate the climate of the lower elevations in the study area (from Geach 1972). Average annual precipitation was 9.92 inches with a seasonal peak in May and June. The average monthly temperature in January was 16.3° F, and in July was 63.0° F. The climate becomes colder and wetter at the higher elevations, and prevailing conditions are greatly modified by local aspect and topography. Vegetation in the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys consists of extensive coniferous forests, grasslands, and shrublands, and limited areas of wetlands. The forests are primarily Douglas fir {Pseudotsuga menziesii) at lower elevations and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) and Engelmann spruce {Picea engelmannii) at higher elevations. A small area restricted to non-calcareous bed rock is covered by lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) . The grasslands include small areas of low elevation canyon bottoms dominated by Great Basin wild rye {Elymus cinereus) , rather extensive montane and sub-alpine areas dominated by bluebunch wheatgrass {Elymus spicatus) and Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis) , and at the highest elevations, wind swept alpine-like vegetation dominated by low growing graminoids such as purple reedgrass (Calamagrostis purpurescens) and curly sedge {Carex rupestris) . Sagebrush grasslands are extensive at all but the highest elevations and are most commonly dominated by Artemisia tridentata var. vaseyana, but in some cases at lower elevations by Artemisia tridentata var. tridentata, Artemisia tripartita , and Artemisia nova. Mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius) covers significant areas of dry, rocky, southern exposed slopes at lower elevations. Wetlands are confined to springs and narrow stream corridors. Apparently absent from the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys are the moist, alkaline bottomlands where many species of special concern were found on BLM and state lands in the vicinity (Vanderhorst and Lesica 1994, also see Appendix F). The flora of the Tendoys, and of southwest Montana in general, is characterized by the presence of many species with their centers of distribution in the Great Basin. These are species which have a peripheral or disjunct distribution in Montana, with their central distribution in southern Idaho, western Wyoming and Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and eastern Washington, Oregon, and California. Examples include many of the target species which are treated in the text and appendices of this report. Most of these taxa have Montana distributions confined to the southwestern part of the state, but some also occur in southcentral Montana in the vicinity of the Pryor Mountain Desert (Lesica and Achuff 1992). METHODS A previous botanical survey of BLM lands in the Tendoy Mountains vicinity (Vanderhorst and Lesica 1994) documented occurrences of 31 plant species tracked at that time by the Montana Natural Heritage Program. Of these, 14 have subsequently been determined to be too common to warrant further tracking (Appendix B), leaving a list of 17 primary target species for this project (Appendix C). In addition, all current Montana plant species of special concern (Heidel 1994) were considered targets to insure that species were not omitted which may warrant consideration as sensitive. None of these, however, was known prior to this project from the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys. Throughout this report, the terms "target species", and "prospective sensitive species," will be used synonymously with "Montana plant species of special concern." I searched for populations of target species on Beaverhead National Forest lands in the Tendoy Mountains in July and August of 1994. Specific survey dates were July 6- 14, July 20-22, July 28-30, and August 14. Searches were made on foot in both known and potential habitats for target species, representing many of the typical and unusual habitat types found in the range. A Map showing principle survey routes is given in Appendix A. Field notes included lists of all vascular plant taxa identified. The primary floras used to key out plants in the field were Dorn (1984, 1992) and Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973). Whenever populations of target species were encountered, more detailed notes were taken, standard field survey forms were filled out, and the populations were mapped. Collected data included information on habitat (associated vegetation, landscape position, soils), demography (population numbers and area covered), plant biology (phenology, vigor, reproductive success), and potential threats to the populations. Photographs (35 mm slides) were taken of the target species and their habitats. Voucher specimens of the target species were collected when adequate material was available. Some collections were also made of the general flora, especially when field identification was difficult or to document notable taxa. The first set of all collections will be deposited at the herbarium at Montana State University (MONT) . RESULTS Eight populations of five target species were documented for the first time in the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoy Mountains. These include three populations of Cusick's horsemint {Agastache cusickii) , two of Sitka columbine {Aquilegia formosa) , and one each of Bitterroot milkvetch (Astragalus scaphoides) , valley sedge (Carex vallicola) , and tapertip biscuitroot {Lomatium attenuatum) . Aquilegia formosa and Carex vallicola are new additions to the flora of the Tendoys; the others were previously documented on BLM land in the range (Vanderhorst and Lesica 1994). None of these are currently listed as sensitive species by Region 1 (USDA Forest Service 1994), but Agastache cusickii. Astragalus scaphoides, and Lomatium attenuatum have BLM proposed sensitive status (USDI Bureau of Land Management 1993). Element Occurrence Records (EORs) and topographic maps showing precise locations are given in Appendix D for each of the populations. Photographic slides of some of the plants and/or their habitats are attached at the end of the report. In addition to the five target species found on the Beaverhead National Forest, six taxa previously tracked by the Montana Natural Heritage Program were documented in the study area (Appendix B). Of the 17 targets previously documented in the BLM Tendoy study area, 14 were not encountered on the Beaverhead National Forest (Appendix C). Figure 2 is a map showing locations of populations of target species in the vicinity of the Tendoy Mountains in the Beaverhead National Forest, and on BLM, state, and private land. With the addition of two species found by Peter Lesica on BLM land in 1994, Lomatogonium rotatum (a state record) and Townsendia condensata, there are now a total of 23 target species known from the map area. Each of these is given brief treatment in Appendix E including an indication of the likelihood of the species to occur on the Beaverhead National Forest. Appendix F is a list of vascular plant taxa identified in the Tendoy Mountains on the Beaverhead National Forest in 1994 and on BLM land in the vicinity in 1993 (Vanderhorst and Lesica 1994). A total of 302 taxa were identified on the Beaverhead National Forest. The number of plant taxa from the BLM study area now stands at 384. Two hundred and seventeen taxa were found in both study areas. The total number of vascular plant taxa documented here on BLM and Beaverhead National Forest lands is 469. Of these, 28 species are adventive to this continent from Eurasia; many of these are potentially serious weeds. The remainder of this section is devoted to summaries of information on each of the five target species found on the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys. Subheadings include description, present legal or other formal status, geographic distribution, habitat, population demography and biology, and management concerns. The information is based on data collected from populations in this study area as well as from other occurrences of the species in Montana which are entered in the Biological Conservation Database maintained by MTNHP and on citations from literature. Throughout these summaries, individual populations are referred to by their survey site name and the last three digits of their element occurrence code given on the EORs in Appendix D. Figure 2. Map showing occurrences of target species in the Tendoy Mountains vicinity Agastache cusickii (Greenman) A. A. Heller Cusick's Horse-mint A. DESCRIPTION 1. General description: A. cusickii is an aromatic perennial in the mint family (Lamiaceae). Its habit, low growing from a long, flexible, branching woody caudex, is adapted to growing in deep, loose talus. The small simple leaves are diamond to egg shaped with serrated margins and short petioles and are borne opposite each other on relatively short aerial stems which are square in cross section. The small flowers are borne in a dense spike-like inflorescence with leaf like bracts. The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical with a fused 5- toothed calyx and a tubular, 2-lipped, usually lavender corolla. There are 4 exerted stamens and a single pistil with a bilobed stigma. Figure 3 is an illustration of the species, and photographic slides of the plants are attached at the end of this report. 2. Technical species description (quoted from Cronquist et al . 1984): Stems numerous from a woody taproot and branching caudex, 1-2(3) dm tall, simple or branched, tending to be somewhat woody at the base; stem, leaves, bracts, and calyces finely hirtellous-puberlent ; leaf blades ovate, deltoid-ovate, or a little narrower, crenate, mostly (0.5)1-2(2.5) cm long and (4)6-15 mm wide, borne on petioles up to 1(1.5) cm long; inflorescence mostly (1)1.5-4 cm long (exclusive of any remote verticillasters ) , the bracts and calyces usually tinted with lavender-purple (seldom whitish in part); calyx teeth 2-5 mm long, lance-subulate, obscurely veined, or only the midrib evident, seldom more evidently tri-nerved; corolla 8-12 mm, measured to the tip of the upper lip, this 1-2 mm long and evidently bilobed; lower pair of stamens ascending under the upper lip and exerted 1-2 mm past it; upper stamens thrust downward and outward between the lower stamens, exerted 2-5 mm. 3. Diagnostic characters: In Montana, Agastache urticifolia, common horsemint, is the only other species in the genus. The two taxa are easily distinguished based on their overall size; A. cusickii is dwarf (1-3 dm high) with smaller leaves (1-2.5 cm), while A. urticifolia is large and coarse (>4 dm) with larger leaves (3.5-10 cm) (Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973). Figure 3. Illustration of Agastache cusickii (from Cronquist et al. 1984) B. PRESENT LEGAL OR OTHER FORMAL STATUS 1. Federal Status a. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: 3C (UDSI Fish and Wildlife Service 1993); This signifies that the species has "proven to be more abundant or widespread than previously believed and/or .... (is) not subject to any identifiable threat." b. U.S. Forest Service: none c. Bureau of Land Management: Agastache cusickii is included on the BLM list of proposed sensitive species for Montana (USDI Bureau of Land Management 1993) . 2. State: The Montana Natural Heritage Program ranks the species as G3 and SI. In Montana it is "critically imperiled due to extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences)" (Heidel 1994). Globally, it is somewhat less vulnerable to extinction. C. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 1. Species range: scattered in the mountains of southeastern Oregon, north and central Nevada, central Idaho (Cronquist et al . 1984), and southwestern Montana. The species is not included in Dorn (1984). 2. Montana distribution: Tendoy Mountains, Beaverhead County. 3. Occurrences in the Tendoy Mountains: Prior to 1994, Agastache cusickii was known in Montana from a single population on BLM land in the southwestern Tendoys on a slope above Big Sheep Creek (001). Three additional populations were found during this project on the Beaverhead National Forest in Kelmbeck (004), Patterson (002), and Williamson-Wood (003) canyons. Element Occurrence Records and maps showing precise locations of the populations on the Beaverhead National Forest are included in Appendix D. D. HABITAT 1. Associated vegetation: In the Tendoys, Agastache cusickii grows on open slopes with little vegetation cover. Woody dominants which are present on these slopes, but not generally immediately associated with Agastache cusickii , include limber pine {Pinus flexilis) , Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) , mountain mahogany {Cercocarpus 10 ledifolius) , big sagebrush {Artemisia tridentata) , and a gooseberry (Ribes setosum) . Subdominant grasses in these habitats include bluebunch wheatgrass {Elymus spicatus) and western grass {Leucopoa kingii) . Forbs which are often more closely associated with Agastache cusickii than the above listed dominants include the talus adapted perennials Arenaria nuttallii, Oenothera caespitosa, Phacelia hastata, and Penstemon montanus , and annuals such as Collinsia parviflora and Polygonum douglasii. Photographic slides showing the vegetation at each of the three sites on the Beaverhead National Forest are attached at the end of this report. Topography: On the Beaverhead National Forest, Agastache cusickii is confined to the southerly facing slopes of narrow canyons, at elevations ranging from 7,000 to 7,600 feet. The BLM site is similar but is on a slope facing a broader valley and has a slightly lower minimum elevation. The population centers are on steep, loose talus downslope from limestone outcrops, often in chutes, but a few plants are usually found on more level talus deposits at the base of the slopes. Photographic slides of the population sites are attached at the end of this report. Soil relationships: Soil development is minimal on the limestone talus where Agastache cusickii grows in the Tendoys, however, at the BLM site where the banks have been cut by quarrying, some horizonation can be seen; fine particles have been weathered and leached from the surface layer and deposited at depths. The upper zone of the talus is thus extremely well drained but the clays confer a higher water holding capacity in the lower zone. Agastache cusickii seems to be confined to the smaller sizes of limestone talus found in the area. The substrate is constantly settling and shifting and is easily disturbed. E. POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY 1. Demographic details: Populations of Agastache cusickii on the Beaverhead National Forest are rather small and local, with estimates of numbers and area ranging from 100 plants (considered as clumps of aerial stems) covering a single acre at Kelmbeck Creek (004) to 1,000 plants covering 15 acres in Patterson Canyon (003). The Williamson-Wood Canyon (002) population is intermediate with an estimated 200-500 plants over 5 acres. The BLM ' s Big Sheep Creek population is larger and more extensive in comparison. 11 2. Reproduction: Vegetative reproduction is probably common. Seedlings have not been observed. Seedling establishment may be a factor limiting population size because the seeds would probably have to germinate and seedlings develop relatively deep in the talus. The flowering period is rather long, lasting from mid- June to August. F. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS Although this project has quadrupled the number of known occurrences (from 1 to 4) of Agastache cusickii in Montana, the species still appears to be extremely rare in the state, and at least one population is threatened by road maintenance. Since populations have been discovered on the Beaverhead National Forest, designation of the species as Sensitive by the U.S. Forest Service Region 1 is appropriate at this time. The habitats of Agastache cusickii in the Tendoys are by nature easily disturbed, but all occurrences on the Beaverhead National Forest are at remote sites in near pristine condition. This is not the case for the BLM occurrence, which is located along a major gravel road, where past quarrying of the limestone talus has reduced the area of potential habitat and road maintenance continues to threaten the stability of the slopes. Roads are also found in the bottoms of Kelmbeck, Patterson, and Williamson-Wood canyons, but these are primitive and infrequently traveled. Future road improvement or maintenance, and mining activities in these canyons should be managed so as not to disturb the populations of Agastache cusickii or the slopes they inhabit. Other human caused threats to these populations are minimal; the steep slopes are mostly inaccessible to cattle, and timber on the slopes is not of commercial quality. Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Sitka Columbine DESCRIPTION . . General Description: Sitka or red columbine is a delicate, showy flowered member of the Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae) . The plants are herbaceous perennials from a woody caudex with mostly basal leaves. The leaves are twice ternately compound with thin bladed leaflets which are glaucus underneath. The flowers are distinctive with 5 deep red, spreading, petal-like sepals, and 5 petals with long red spurs and relatively short erect yellow blades. There are numerous stamens, 12 and usually five pistils which develop into many seeded follicles, dry fruits which split along one side only. Figure 4 is an illustration of the species. 2. Technical Description: (adapted from Welsh et al . 1987) Plants 1.5-10.5 dm tall; stems glabrous or glandular- hirtellous above; leaves mainly basal, 4-38 cm long, biternate, glabrous or villous or glandular, green above, paler beneath; flowers usually 2-4, nodding, as broad as long or broader, regular, showy; sepals 5, petaloid, horizontally spreading, not spurred, 14-27 mm long, red, reddish, or rarely yellowish; petals 5, with spurs colored like the sepals, the blades yellow, 2-7(9) mm long, spurs 15-20 mm long; stamens numerous, exceeding the petal blades by 12-17 mm; follicles usually 5, pubescent, 15-25 mm long; 2n=14. 3. Diagnostic characters: Deep red sepals and petal spurs; petal blades 2-6 mm long; averaging somewhat taller than Aquilegia flavescens , which has yellow sepals and petal spurs, and usually longer petal blades (Hitchcock and Cronguist 1973). B. CURRENT LEGAL OR OTHER FORMAL STATUS 1. Federal a. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: none b. U.S. Forest Service: none c. Bureau of Land Management: none 2. State: The Montana Natural Heritage Program ranks Aquilegia formosa G5 and SI (Heidel 1994), meaning that the species is demonstrably secure globally, but critically imperiled due to extreme rarity in Montana. The species is also ranked SI in Wyoming (Fertig 1994). C. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 1. Species range: Widely distributed in western North America, from southern Alaska south along the coast and in the coastal mountains to Baja California, east to western Alberta, Montana, and Utah (Hitchcock and Cronguist 1964). Also in Park County, Wyoming (Dorn 1992) . 2. Distribution in Montana: Aquilegia formosa is currently known from 5 sites in Beaverhead County in the Beaverhead, Centennial, and Tendoy mountains. 13 Figure 4. Illustration of Aquilegia formosa (from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1964) 3. Occurrences in the Tendoy Mountains: Two populations were found by this survey on the Beaverhead National Forest, in the canyon of Kelmbeck Creek (005) and in an unnamed draw on the northeast flank of Timber Butte (004). Element Occurrence Records and maps showing the precise locations of the populations are included in Appendix D. D. HABITAT 1. Associated vegetation: At four of its occurrences in Montana, Aquilegia formosa is associated with Douglas fir {Pseudotsuga menziesii) , either in pure stands, with aspen {Populus tremuloides) , or in ecotone with lakeshore habitat. The fifth site is a grassland. On the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys, the two populations occur under dense canopies of Douglas fir. Subdominant plants at these sites include Populus tremuloides, Sheperdia canadensis, Physocarpus malvaceus, and Arnica cordifolia. Additional associated forbs include Astragalus miser, Orthilla secunda, Pyrola chlorantha, and Valeriana dioica. A photographic slide showing the habitat in Kelbeck Canyon is attached at the end of this report. 2. Topography: The two sites in the Tendoys are in the rocky bottoms of a canyon and a draw on the east flank of the range at 7,200-8,400 feet. 3. Soil relationships: The soils of the Tendoy populations are moderately dry rocky loams with high organic matter and a heavy surface accumulation of litter. F. POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY 1. Demographic details: Each population in the Tendoys was estimated to have 200-500 plants. The Timber Butte population was estimated to cover 20 acres, while the area of the Kelmbeck canyon population was estimated at 10 acres. Other populations in Montana were estimated to have fewer than 200 plants per site. 2. Reproductive biology: In nature, reproduction is primarily by seed but in cultivation columbines can be propagated by crown divisions. No seed dormancy is reported for columbines, however the seeds are slow to germinate, requiring a steady supply of moisture (Bailey 1950). At the Timber Butte site on July 6, ca. 20% of the plants were flowering and ca. 80% were vegetative. At the Kelmbeck Canyon site, on July 29, ca. 50% of the plants were vegetative and ca. 50% had mature fruit; seed from many capsules was already dispersed. 15 Species of Aquilegia are well known for freely- hybridizing. The population on Timber Butte included a few individuals with yellow sepals and petal spurs (the individuals of this type which were collected were also somewhat shorter than the red flowered collections), indicating possible hybridization with Aquilegia flavescens , a common species in Montana. The purity of the Kelmbeck canyon population is not known; only a few shriveled flowers were found and these had bright red sepals and petal spurs. No pure populations of A. flavescens were seen in the Tendoys, but A. coerula was found on the west side of the range. F. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS Aquilegia formosa is rare and peripheral in Montana, now known from only 5 sites in southern Beaverhead County. Three of these sites are on the Beaverhead National Forest, in the Tendoys, and in the Beaverhead Range at Morrison Lake (Figure 2). Because of its rarity and its presence in habitats potentially subject to logging, the species should be designated Sensitive in Montana by Region 1 of the U. S. Forest Service. Both population sites on the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys were logged in the past. The stumps are tall and are confined to the draw bottoms and lower slopes, suggesting that the logs were removed in the winter for local use, thus ground disturbance would have been minimized. The resilience of populations of Aquilegia formosa to intensive timber harvest is not proven at these sites. The highest plant densities are in heavily shaded depressions. Canopy removal and surface disturbance would be likely to effect seedling establishment. Logging and disturbance of the water channels in these draws should be avoided. Other potential threats to this species are trampling by cattle and collection by people for domestication and cut flowers. Astragalus scaphoides (Jones) Rydb. Bitterroot Milkvetch DESCRIPTION i. General description: Astragalus scaphoides is a member of an extremely diverse genus in the Fabaceae (pea family) . The plants are herbaceous perennials with pinnately compound leaves borne on the flowering stems. The inflorescence is a compact to somewhat elongate raceme of many relatively large, zygomorphic flowers. 16 The perianth consists of a fused, five lobed calyx and a cream to yellowish corolla which includes a banner (the top segment), two wings (the side segments), and a keel (the boat shaped bottom segment). There are 10 stamens, nine connected in a group and one free, and a single ovary. The mature fruit is a distinctively stalked legume which contains several seeds. Figure 5 is an illustration of the species, and photographic slides of the plant are attached at the end of this report. 2. Technical species description (quoted from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1961): Sparsely strigillose perennial with a taproot and branched crown; stems several, stout, ascending to erect, 2-6 dm tall; leaves 10-25 cm long; stipules lanceolate, 1-4 mm long, not connate; leaflets 15-21, lance-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 1.5-3.5 cm long, as much as 13 mm broad, glabrous on the upper surface at least; peduncles mostly 10-15 cm long; racemes closely 15- to 30-flowered but elongating and open in fruit; pedicels 2-5 mm long; flowers spreading to slightly reflexed, white to ochroleucous, about 2 cm long; calyx usually blackish-hairy, 8-10 mm long, the narrowly lanceolate lower teeth about 2 mm long; banner erect; wings 2-4 mm longer than the keel; pod erect, with a stout upward-arching stipe about twice as long as the calyx, the body 1.5-2 cm long, cartilaginous, glabrous, slightly mottled, corrugate-wrinkled, oblong-ovoid, inflated and slightly obcompressed, 4-6 mm broad, 6-10 mm thick, with both sutures sulcate, the lower intruded to form a 3/4 complete partition. 3. Diagnostic characters: The following combination of characters separates this from other Montana species of Astragalus (adapted from Dorn 1984): -Leaflets more than 5, not awl shaped -Hairs attached at their base -Stipules not united on side of stem opposite the petiole -Pods stipitate, glabrous, obcompressed with the lower suture nearly forming a partition within the fruit, 7-20 mm wide, less than 3 times as long as wide -Calyx 8-12.5 mm long, banner more than 15 mm long B. PRESENT LEGAL AND OTHER STATUS 1. Federal a. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: 3C (UDSI Fish and Wildlife Service 1993); This signifies that the species has "proven to be more abundant or widespread than previously believed and/or ....( is) not subject to any identifiable threat." 17 Figure 5 . Illustration of Astragalus scaphoides (from Hitchcock and Cronquist 1961) 18 b. U.S. Forest Service: none c. Bureau of Land Management: Astragalus scaphoides is included on the BLM's list of proposed sensitive species for Montana (USDI Bureau of Land Management 1993) . 2. State: The Montana Natural Heritage Program ranks the species G3 and SI (Heidel 1994). The global ranking is a reflection of vulnerability due to a restricted range. Within Montana, the species is considered critically imperiled due to extreme rarity and/or other factors. C. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 1. Species range: Astragalus scaphoides is a narrow endemic restricted to the foothills of the Bitterroot Mountains and adjoining valleys in Lemhi County, Idaho and across the mountains in southwestern Beaverhead County, Montana (Barneby 1964) . 2. Distribution in Montana: Astragalus scaphoides is known only from southwestern Beaverhead County, in the drainages of Grasshopper, Horse Prairie, and Medicine Lodge creeks and the upper Beaverhead River. There are now a total of 14 Montana occurrences entered in the Biological Conservation Database. 3. Occurrences in the Tendoy Mountains: One population was found on the Beaverhead National Forest in the drainage of Kate Creek (012). An Element Occurrence Record and map showing the precise location of the population is included in Appendix D. In addition, two populations occur on BLM land in the range, in the vicinities of Baker Canyon (Vanderhorst 1995a) and Johnson Gulch (Vanderhorst and Lesica 1994). The species is thus known only from the western flank of the range constituting the drainage of Medicine Lodge Creek. D. HABITAT 1. Associated vegetation: In Montana, Astragalus scaphoides grows in sagebrush grasslands usually dominated by Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) and Elymus spicatus (bluebunch wheatgrass). Other shrub species which are subdominant or in some cases replace big sagebrush in these habitats include Artemisia tripartita , Artemisia nova, and Chrysothamnus nauseosus . Other common or subdominant grasses at the sites include Stipa comata, Oryzopsis hymenoides , Festuca idahoensis , and Poa secunda. Among the most conspicuous forb associates are other species of milkvetches including Astragalus 19 agrestis, A. adsurgens , A. atropuhescens , A. drummundii , and A. lentiginosus . The Kate Creek population on the Beaverhead National Forest occurs in a big sagebrush/mixed bunchgrass community with scattered, small limber pine (Pinus flexilis) . A photographic slide showing the habitat of the Kate Creek occurrence is attached at the end of this report. 2. Topography: Barneby (1964) describes the settings of Astragalus scaphoides throughout its range as "open valleys, low hills, (and) canyon benches ... from 3,500- 6,000 feet." This describes the landforms where the species occurs in Montana, however, the elevation at some sites is somewhat higher and populations are often confined to warm, southerly facing aspects or micro- aspects. In the Tendoys, the species occurs on gentle to moderate slopes in the foothills of the western flank of the range from 6,800-7,100 feet. 3. Soil relationships: In Montana, Astragalus scaphoides grows in dry soils ranging from clayey to gravelly and stony loams. The soils are derived from limestones, volcanics, and basin sediments. At Kate Creek the main population grows in limestone derived soil while a smaller subpopulation is on a soil of undetermined parent material, possibly volcanic. E. POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY 1. Demographic details: The Kate Creek population is of medium size, consisting of an estimated 500-1,000 plants scattered over 7 acres in 2 subpopulations. On July 28, 1994, approximately 15% of the plants were vegetative, 15% had mature fruit, and 70% had inflorescences of aborted flowers or were browsed. Most populations of Astragalus scaphoides in Montana are smaller but the Johnson Gulch occurrence on BLM land in the Tendoys is relatively large, consisting of an estimated 1,000-5,000 plants. 2. Reproductive biology: Reproduction is by seed. The low numbers of successfully reproducing plants at Kate Creek suggests that seed production may be a major limitation to population size and distribution of Astragalus scaphoides in Montana. This conclusion is supported by data from other Montana populations where low percentages of flowering plants and high percentages of aborted flowers have been documented. Browsing of flowering heads, probably by cattle, has also been observed at Kate Creek and other sites. Some differences in reproductive success were noted between the two subpopulations at Kate Creek in 1994, a hot, dry season; the main population, 20 which grows in soil derived from limestone, had a high proportion of aborted flowers and almost no mature fruit, while a smaller subpopulation downhill on a different soil type had a high percentage of large plants with mature fruit. However, many of these large fruiting plants were partially browsed, probably by cattle, which were present at the site at the survey date. Astragalus scaphoides flowers in June and produces fruit from June- July. F. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS Astragalus scaphoides has one of the narrowest global distributions of plant species in Montana. The species is locally plentiful in Idaho (Barneby 1964, Lesica and Elliott 1987) but is uncommon in Montana. Although new populations were discovered in the state in 1994 (this report and Vanderhorst 1995), most of these were small or otherwise in poor shape. Only three of the currently known populations in the state are large and prolific. With the discovery of the sDecies on the Beaverhead National Forest, designation of the species as Sensitive by Region 1 of the U.S. Forest Service is now appropriate. The major threat to Astragalus scaphoides in Montana is cattle qrazinq. Heavy spring grazing has been shown to damage populations (Lesica and Elliot 1987). Most occurrences on public lands are located within grazing allotments, and most are accessible to cattle. The species has not generally been found in heavily grazed habitat and the larger populations are found in rangeland in excellent condition. Spring grazing of public rangeland with populations of Astragalus scaphoides should be kept to a minimum and preferably, these sites should not be grazed until after seeds have dispersed (late July to August) . Carex vallicola Dewey Valley Sedge A. DESCRIPTION 1. General description: Carex vallicola is a clump forming sedge (Cyperaceae) . The thin leaves are borne basally and on the lower culm. The heads consist of several densely clustered spikes which are, however, not easily distinguishable without magnification. The spikes have male flowers above the female flowers, which have two styles. The perigynia (the sacs which contain the fruits) are filled at maturity by the lens shaped 21 achenes, so their marginal nerves become displaced to the side towards the stem, and sometimes rupture. Figure 6 is an illustration of the species. 2. Technical description (quoted from Hermann 1970): Cespitose from short-prolonged, fibillose rootstocks; culms slender, 2-6 dm. high, roughened on the angles below the head; leaves about 3 to a culm, 1-1,5 mm wide, thin, the sheaths light, thin ventrally, the ligule very- short, wider than long; spikes closely aggregated into a dense, terminal, oblong-linear head, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 6- 8 mm wide, the staminate flowers terminal and inconspicuous; scales broadly triangular, shorter than the perigynia, hyaline with the centers brownish and 1-3- nerved, acute to short-cuspidate; perigynia plano-convex, oblong-elliptic, 3.5-3.75 mm. long, 1.75-2.25 mm. wide, margined, greenish or brown tinged, nerveless ventrally, obscurely nerved dorsally, glossy at maturity, the margin more or less serrulate above, abruptly narrowed into a minutely serrulate beak about 1 mm. long, obliquely cut and only shallowly bidentulate; achenes lenticular, orbicular, substipitate, 2X2 mm. 3. Diagnostic characters: Carex vallicola can be distinguished from other sedges in Montana by the following technical characters: 2 stigmas, lenticular achenes; fewer than 10 sessile, androgenous (male flowers above female flowers) spikes per head; cespitose culms; leaves 0.5-3.5 mm wide; perigynia abruptly narrowed to a beak which is obliquely cut and only minutely bidentulate (Dorn 1984). The mature perigynia are distinctively distended so that the margins run down the ventral side (Hermann 1970) . B. PRESENT LEGAL OR OTHER FORMAL STATUS 1. Federal a. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: none b. U.S. Forest Service: none c. BLM: none 2. State: The Montana Natural Heritage Program ranks Carex vallicola as G5 and S2S3 (Heidel 1994). This means that it is demonstrably secure globally, but it is more rare and somewhat vulnerable to extirpation in Montana. 22 Carex vallicola Figure 6. Illustration of Carex vallicola (from Cronquist et al. 1977) 23 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 1. Species range: from the Great Plains in South Dakota, east to the Great Basin extending to Oregon and California, and south to Mexico (Cronquist et al . 1977). 2. Montana distribution: Carex vallicola is known from 9 sites widely distributed in southern Montana, in Beaverhead, Carbon, Lewis and Clark, Madison, Silver Bow, and Gallatin (or Park) counties. Four of these sites are in Beaverhead County. Two occurrences are known only by historical collections (1908 and 1921) and few have been thoroughly surveyed. 3. Occurrences in the Tendoy Mountains: The species was collected but not fully surveyed on the Beaverhead National Forest in the vicinity of Sourdough Spring (010). An Element Occurrence Record and map showing the precise location of the population is included in Appendix D. 1. Associated vegetation: In Montana, Carex vallicola is generally found in grasslands with or without sagebrush, but at two northern and eastern sites it was reported from Douglas fir forests. In the Intermountain Region it often grows under aspen (Cronquist et al . 1977). The population on the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys occurs in an Artemisia tridentata/Festuca idahoensis association with Castilleja rustica, Eriogonum umbellatum, and Lupinus argenteus . 2. Topography: Throughout its range, Carex vallicola inhabits slopes from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains (Cronquist et al . 1977). In Montana, it is reported from gentle to moderate slopes of various aspects in the foothills and mountains, at elevations ranging from 5,870 to 8,500 feet. In the Tendoys, the population is on a moderate, south facing slope at 8,500 feet, in a bowl at the head of a drainage below the crest of the range. 3. Soil relationships: In Montana, Carex vallicola is known from dry to moist, relatively fine textured soils derived from parent materials of limestone and alluvium. E. POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY 1. Demographic details: As mentioned above, the population in the study area was not fully surveyed, however, the population density was locally high enough that the 24 species was considered subdominant at the site. The areal extent of the population is not known. Demographic details are lacking or minimal for all occurrences in Montana. 2. Reproductive biology: Carex vallicola is a clump forming sedge, reproducing sexually by seed. Mature fruit are reported from most of the known occurrences in Montana; fruit were present from mid-June to mid-August. The population in the study area had mostly dispersed fruit on July 21, 1994. F. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS Carex vallicola has a wide range in the Great Plains, Rocky Mountains and Great Basin, but it is poorly known in Montana. Studies in Utah suggest that the species has undergone a decline due to its high palatability and sensitivity to grazing (Lewis 1958). Distribution and population trends m Montana are impossible to judge due to lack of available data. Considering these facts, designation as a Sensitive species by Region 1 of the U.S. Forest Service is probably not warranted at this time. Designation as a Watch species by the Beaverhead National Forest, however, would encourage the needed collection of additional distribution and population data. In addition, this species may have value as an indicator of range quality. The population on the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys is close to a spring which has been developed as a water source for cattle, and the habitat immediately adjacent to the spring has been degraded by trampling and weed infestations. At the date of the survey there was no evidence of recent grazing at the site. The impact of grazing on Carex vallicola in the study area is not known. Lomatium attenuatum Evert Tapertip Biscuitroot A. DESCRIPTION 1. General description: This is a yellow flowered member of the Apiaceae (carrot family). The leaves are dissected and have a sheathing petiole. The flowers are borne in a compound umbel with an inconspicuous involucel subtending the umbelets. The flowers are 5-merous except for the bicarpellate ovary. The fruits are schizocarps which are flattened parallel to their sutures, with low ribs on their faces. Figure 7 is an illustration of the species. 25 Figure 7. Illustration of Lomatium attenuatum (from Evert 1983) 2 Technical species description (quoted from Evert 1983): '• ?!an? perennial, short-caulescent, with on y one or two cauline leaves, more or less scaberulous (7-) 10-25 cm tall, from an elongated thickened taproot and also occasionally from a several-branched caudex; leaves petiolate, 3-pinnate or ternately 3-pinnate, blades 2.0 11 cm long, 1.5-10 cm wide, ovate m outline, the ultimate divisions linear to oblanceolate, 2-5 mm long, 0 5-1 5 mm wide, obtuse to somewhat acute and mucronate; petioles 1.5-5 cm long, the dilated and scarious sheathing extending to the middle or ^b°^^' P^^^^^^^!,^' 3(4), scaberulous, exceeding the leaves m fruit 10 15 cm ling; involucre usually absent but °5"^ ^^"^J^^^'^.g inconspicuous, filiform bract present; fertile rays 5 8 , spreading, angled, unequal, (1.5)3-5 cm long in fruit; sterile rays 4-8 spreading, 3-10 mm long m fruit, involucel absent or of 1-6 inconspicuous linear- lanceolate, attenuate, non-connate bractlets, 1-4 ijm long; umbellets ca. 15-flowered, only 2-6 developing into fruit; pedicels 3-10 mm long in fruit; petals l'^ ^^ l?""? including the incurved apex, yellow, obovate, glabrous, styles 1-1.5 mm long, spreading or reflexed; ovaries glabrous to slightly scaberulous; ^^^^V f l°Jg-elliptic glabrous, glossy, 5-8 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, the wings ca. 0 5-0.7 5 mm wide, narrower than the body; oil tubes prominent, 1 in each interval, 2 on the commissure; carpophore bipartite. 3. Diagnostic characters: L. attenuatum differs from L. ecus, which it resembles in habit, leaf dissection, and fruit characters, by having a less conspicuous involucel and greater overall scabrosity (Evert 1983). B. PRESENT LEGAL OR OTHER FORMAL STATUS 1. Federal a. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: 3C (UDSI Jifh and Wildlife Service 1993); This signifies that the species has "proven to be more abundant or widespread than previously believed and/or (is) not subject to any identifiable threat." b. U.S. Forest Service: none c. Bureau of Land Management: Lomatium attenautum is included on the BLM's list of proposed sensitive species for Montana (USDI Bureau of Land Management 1993) . 2. State: The Montana Natural Heritage Program ranks the species G3 and 51 meaning that it is somewhat vulnerable 27 on a global scale due to a limited range, but it is critically imperiled within the state due to extreme rarity (Heidel 1994). In Wyoming, the species is ranked S3 (Fertig 1994), however it may be ranked too high (Fertig, pers. comraun.); it is known from a fair number of collections, but these are all from a relatively narrow range. C. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 1. Species range: The species is known only from Park County in northwestern Wyoming (Evert 1983, Dorn 1992) and from Beaverhead County, Montana. 2. Montana distribution: Lomatiurn attenuatum was first discovered in the state in 1993 by Peter Lesica on BLM land in the Tendoy Mountains (Vanderhorst and Lesica 1994). Additional populations were found in 1994 in the Tendoys and to the north near Bannack (Vanderhorst 1995b) . 3. Occurrences in the Tendoy Mountains: The species was found on the Beaverhead National Forest on a slope above Sourdough Creek (004). An Element Occurrence Record and map showing the precise location of the population is included in Appendix D. In addition, three populations are known from BLM land in the Tendoys (Figure 2). D. HABITAT 1. Associated vegetation: In the Tendoys, Lomatiurn attenuatum grows in limber pine (Pinus flexilis) and mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius) communities. The limber pine forest of the population site on the Beaverhead National Forest was sampled by an ecodata plot (NHMT020194SC005) . There was 40% canopy coverage by Pinus flexilus and Pseudotsuga menziesii . Shrubs, which contributed a total of 10% coverage, included Juniperus communis^ Artemisia tridentata, and Ribes cereum. Graminoids, having a total coverage of less than 30%, included Leucopoa kingii, Elymus spicatus , Festuca idahoensis, Poa cusickii , and Carex rossii. There were 24 forbs in the plot, but only Phlox caespitosa had a coverage greater than 1%. 2. Topography: In Montana, Lomatiurn attenuatum occurs on mountain and canyon slopes ranging in elevation from 6,200 to 8,500 feet. The Beaverhead National Forest site is a steep, south facing, upper slope just below the crest of the range, and is the highest elevation known for the species in the state. 28 3 Soil relationships: In Montana, Lomatium attenuatum grows in talus and gravelly to rocky soils derived from limestone. A soil sample was collected from the Beaverhead National Forest site in the Tendoys, but has not yet been analyzed. Evert (1983) describes the soils where the species is found in Wyoming as "lithosols derived from volcanic material or limestone." The species has not yet been found on volcanics in Montana. D. POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY 1. Demographic details: The population of Lomatium attenuatum on the Beaverhead National Forest was estimated to consist of at least 1,000 plants covering at least 5 acres. The area around and upslope from the ecodata plot was surveyed, but potential habitat downhill was not. Population estimates for other Montana occurrences range from 200 to a maximum of 10,000 plants. A population in the Tendoys on BLM land in Limekiln Canyon is quite extensive, stretching for 2-3 miles in the canyon bottom. 2. Reproductive biology: Reproduction is by seed. The flowers appear with the leaves in spring (Evert 1983). Plants were in a mature fruiting stage on the survey dates (early June to mid-July) for all Montana populations. Specimens which I collected have between 2 and 30 mature fruits per plant and there is a range in maturity between umbellets on a plant. E. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS The population sites of Lomatium attenuatum in the Tendoys are remote, in near pristine condition, and are not impacted by current land uses. However, the species has a very narrow distribution both in Montana and Wyoming; for this reason, designation of Watch status by the Beaverhead National Forest is appropriate. Management requirements for the species are minimal because the slopes where it grows are not generally accessible to cattle and do not produce timber of commercial quality. The species could be impacted in the future by road construction or mining activities. 29 DISCUSSION Recommendations on U.S. Forest Service Region 1 and Beaverhead National Forest status for the five target species found on the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys are summarized in Table 1. Region 1 sensitive status is recommended for Agastache cusickii, Aquilegia formosa, and Astragalus scaphoides . These are species which are extremely- rare in Montana and/or are imperiled due to other factors. Populations of Aquilegia formosa are potentially impacted by timber harvest, and populations of Astragalus scaphoides may be impacted by livestock grazing. Populations of Agastache cusickii on the Beaverhead National Forest are not threatened by current land uses, but the species is known from only four sites in Montana, is confined to a very specific habitat, and most of its populations are small. Beaverhead National Forest watch status is recommended for Carex vallicola and Lomatium attenuatum. Carex vallicola is a poorly known species in Montana and may be impacted by grazing. Lomatium attenuatum has a limited global distribution and has only recently (1993) been documented in Montana. Designation of watch status would encourage needed additional data collection on these species, and would ensure they are considered in future management plans. Table 1. Recommendations on U.S. Forest Service Region 1 (sensitive) and Beaverhead National Forest (watch) status for the five target species found in the study area. Columns are also included for the current Montana Natural Heritage Program rank (Heidel 1994) and currently proposed BLM status (USDI Bureau of Land Management 1993). Scientific name MTNHP status G RANK /S RANK Proposed BLM status Reconunended USFS status Agastache cusickii G3 SI sensitive sensitive Aquilegia formosa G5 SI none sensitive Astragalus scaphoides G3 SI sensitive sensitive Carex vallicola G5 S2 none watch Lomatium attenuatum G3 SI sensitive watch The most significant potential human caused impact to sensitive plants and native vegetation in the study area is cattle grazing. Range lands in the Beaverhead National Forest 30 in the Tendoys are, ^o-ver gener n, in -latively^good^^ condition, with ^f ^JJ^^ms N^ne ?he less, two target species around springs and f/^lll^^J'Jlll Icaphoides and Carex found by thxs proiect, f ^^^J^Jj^i^g^^ble to grazing due to vallicola, may be ^^Pf ^^i,^,^^^^Jf Jf pjimar? range. Both of their Palatability and occurrence xnprxm y^ ^^^li^y. Also these species ^^^ ^%^f ^^^^^^e quaUty is the occurrence of considered an ^^^icator of range qua y ^^^^ ^^^.^ ^.^^ ^af/rrivaJri-a^ra^lI-rto-tre'^Be'a^e.heiAa.ional Forest. ^ r.^^.^ -iTTiDacts to populations of the recommended Other P°tential impacts to p p ^^^^ ^^^ quarrying and sensitive and watch plants in ^^^ T: 1^ ^nd timber harvest, mining, road instruction and maintenance,^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ The Agastache cusickii and ^^^^J^^^^^^^^ by quarrying for road limestone slopes "^ich may be disturo J^ ^^^i^h have material. The Aguilegia ^^^^^^J^^^f^^r these activities JhSSfdTe g^Sfgnef trm^ntmi^riSrartf to populations of these species. ranr.^!ra^n.^?.irra°nr.rs p. r a -. .no„n^^^^^ occurrences of sensitive P^^^^^^i^^^J^d here from the only five target species are documentea "^^ ^ 23 are now eSiverhead National Forest m ^he range a total of 23^^^^ known from the vicinity (mapped ^j/^g^f^Jhe^s of these to section) and there is P°^jf ^5^^^°^^ts of each of these 23 occur on the Forest. ^rief treatments o ^^j^i^at profiles targets are given ^^/PPf^fi surveys fo? the targets, and an rn'difa?roi°?? WT^^^^fo"^ ortS^r^ccurrence on the Beaverhead National Forest. conspicuously missing from the Beaverhead National^Forest in the Tendoys are known °-^^^^^2a?ex par?yana ssp. idahoa, grow in alkaline wetlands ( J-g-. ^J^^^'^f^L) . These habitats lomatogonium rotatum and ^Jj^^^^™ ^^f ?o?est , but there may were not seen on the Beaverhead National For ,^^ ^^^^^tions be some potential for small areas ot ^^^^.^g^^ggting wetland f::slTlZfTX.%f\l^r^ III fa„ge?^•'he.e Carex pa„,a„a 31 ssp. idahoa is known. Wetlands in the study area are often heavily impacted by cattle, thus surveys to identify sensitive species which occur in these habitats should be given high priority. Also apparently missing from the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys are examples of low sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula) communities, where the target species, Eriogonum caespitosum and Haplopappus macronema ssp. linearis, are known in the nearby basins. Perhaps the most unique and characteristic plants of the Tendoy Range, in its strict sense, are those which grow in lithic substrates of Madison limestone parent material. Two target species, Agastache cusickii and Lomatium attenuatum, were found in limestone habitats on both Beaverhead National Forest and BLM lands. Although it was not found, the annual Phacelia incana, known in Montana only from the Tendoys, is likely to occur on limestone canyon slopes in the Beaverhead National Forest. The hot, dry growing season of 1994 was not conducive to the germination and growth of annuals and few were seen. Other target species which should be sought in limestone habitats include Hutchinsia procumbens , Sphaeromeria argentea and Thlaspi parviflorum. Two limestone endemics. Delphinium bicolor ssp. novum and Sphaeromeria capitata, are common on BLM land in the range and are not considered sensitive; these occur at low elevations in the foothills and are not expected to be common on the Beaverhead National Forest in the range. Prior to 1993, the flora of the Tendoy Mountains was not well known, although an indication of its uniqueness was given by several known occurrences of rare plants in the range. After two seasons of surveys, the range is now better known botanically. These surveys resulted in the discovery of three state records, Lomatogonium rotatum, Lomatium attenuatum, and Eriogonum caespitosum, all by Peter Lesica. Fourteen species previously tracked as Montana plant species of special concern were found, largely by these surveys, to be too common to warrant further tracking (Appendix A) . This project resulted in first records on a National Forest for three target species, Agastache cusickii , Astragalus scaphoides , and Lomatium attenuatum. These results are an indication of a rapid advance in the knowledge of a unique flora, and an indication of the potential for similar progress in other poorly known areas. Despite these advances, the results of this survey should not be considered complete. They are meant to serve as a baseline and reference for biological assessments and evaluations and for long term planning by the Beaverhead National Forest, but should not be construed as site clearances or as a definitive inventory of plant biodiversity in the range. 32 LITERATURE CITED Alt, D. and D. W. Hyndman. 1986. Roadside geology of Montana. Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula, MT. 427 pp. Bailey, L. H. 1950. The standard cyclopedia of horticulture, volume one. Macmillan Co., New York, NY. 1,200 pp. Barneby, R. C. 1964. Atlas of North American Astragalus . Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden Vol. 13. Bronx, NY. 2 volumes, 1188 pp. Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1977. Intermountain flora; volume six, the monocotyledons. Columbia University Press, New York. 584 pp. 1984. Intermountain flora; volume four, subclass Asteridae (except Asteraceae). The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 573 pp. Dorn R. D. 1984. Vascular plants of Montana. Mountain West Publishing, Cheyenne, WY. 276 pp. . 1992. Vascular plants of Wyoming, second edition. Mountain West Publishing, Cheyenne, WY. 340 pp. Evert, E. F. 1983. A new species of Lomatium (Umbellif erae ) from Wyoming. Madrono 30: 143-146. Fertig, W. 1994. Wyoming plant species of special concern. Unpublished list. Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, Laramie WY. 32 pp. Geach, R. D. 1972. Mines and mineral deposits (except fuels); Beaverhead County, Montana. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology bulletin 85. Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology, Butte, MT. 194 pp. Heidel, B. L. 1994. Montana plant species of special concern. Unpublished list. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, MT. 16 pp. Hermann, F. J. 1970. Manual of the carices of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 374. Hitchcock, C. L. , and A. Cronquist. 1961. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest, part 3: Saxif ragaceae to 33 Ericaceae. University of Washington Press, Seattle. 614 pp. 1964. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest, Part 2: Salicaceae to Saxif ragaceae. University of Washington Press, Seattle. 597 pp. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA. 730 pp. Lesica, P. and P. L. Achuff. 1992. Distribution of vascular plant species of special concern and limited distribution in the Pryor Mountain Desert, Carbon County, Montana, Unpublished report to the Bureau of Land Management, Billings, Montana. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena. 43 pp. Lesica, P. and J. C. Elliott. 1987. Distribution, age structure, and predation of Bitterroot milkvetch populations in Lemhi County, Idaho. Unpublished report to the Bureau of Land Management, Boise, Idaho. Conservation Biology Research, Helena, MT. Lewis, M. E. 1958. Carex - its distribution and importance in Utah. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biology series 1, no. 2. Brigham Young University, Provo, UT. 43 pp. U. S. D. A. Forest Service. 1994. Update of Northern Region sensitive species list. Unpublished list. U.S.F.S. Northern Region, Missoula MT. U. S. D. I. Bureau of Land Management. 1993. Draft list of sensitive and watch plant species in Montana. Unpublished list. Billing, MT. 1 p. Vanderhorst, J. 1995a. Sensitive plant survey in the Horse Prairie Creek drainage, Beaverhead County, Montana. Unpublished report to the Bureau of Land Management, Dillon, Montana. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena. Vanderhorst, J. 1995b. Sensitive plant survey of Bannack State Park, Beaverhead County, Montana. Unpublished report to the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena. Vanderhorst, J. 1995c. Historical collections of Kochia americana and Salix cascadensis from the Beaverhead National Forest. Unpublished memo to the Beaverhead 34 National Forest, Dillon and the Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena. Vanderhorst, J. and P. Lesica. 1994. Sensitive plant survey- in the Tendoy Mountains, Beaverhead County, MT. Unpublished report to the Bureau of Land Management, Dillon, Montana. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, MT. iv + 60 pp. plus appendices. Welsh, S. L., N. D. Atwood, L. C. Higgins, and S. Goodrich. 1987. A Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs no. 9. Brigham Young University, Provo, UT. 8 94 pp. 35 APPENDIX A. Map of the study area showing principle survey- routes. 36 APPENDIX B. Former target species found on BLM land in the Tendoys which have subsequently been dropped from tracking by the Montana Natural Heritage Program due to relative abundance and security. Species Also found on the Beaverhead National Forest' Arenaria kingii Astragalus argophyllus Astragalus lentiginosus Astragalus leptaleus Cirsium subniveum Delphinium bicolor ssp. novum Erigeron gracilis Eriogonum ovalifolium var. nevadense Gentiana aquatica Mimulus suksdorfii Pediocactus simpsonii Senecio debilis Sphaeromeria capitata Stanleya viridiflora yes no yes no yes no yes no no no yes no no yes 37 APPENDIX C. Primary search targets identified by a sensitive plant survey of BLM lands in the Tendoy Range (Vanderhorst and Lesica 1994) . Species Also found on the Beaverhead National Forest? Agastache cusickii yes Astragalus scaphoides yes Astragalus terminalis no Carex parryana ssp. idahoa no Eriogonum caespitosum no Halimolobos virgata no Haplopappus macronema ssp. linearis no Hutchinsia procumbens no Loraatium attenuatum yes Penstemon lemhiensis no Phacelia incana no Sphaeromeria argentea no Taraxacum eriophorum no Thalictrum alpinum no Thelypodium sagittatum no Thlaspi parviflorum no Townsendia nuttallii no 38 APPENDIX D. Element Occurrence Records and topographic maps showing the precise locations of populations of species of special concern on the Beaverhead National Forest m the Tendoy Mountains. 39 MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Element Occurrence Record Scientific Name: AGASTACHE CUSICKII Common Name: CUSICK'S HORSE-MINT Global rank: G3 Forest Service status: State rank: SI Federal Status: 30 Element occurrence code: PDLAM03030 . 002 Element occurrence type: Survey site name: WILLIAMSON WOOD CANYON EO rank: A EO rank comments: SMALL POPULATION CONFINED BY SIZE OF TALUS. County: BEAVERHEAD USGS quadrangle: CABOOSE CANYON Township: Range: Section: TRS comments: 014S OlOW 18 SE4 Precision: S Survey date: 1994-07-20 Elevation: 7450 - 7750 First observation: 1994-07-20 Slope/aspect: 0-60% / S-SE Last observation: 1994-07-20 Size (acres): 5 Location: TRAVEL CA. 0.8 MILE SOUTH ON BIG SHEEP CREEK ROAD FROM JUNCTION WITH MUDDY CREEK ROAD. TURN WEST ON DIRT ROAD, FOLLOW CA. 1.5 MILES TO WILLIAMSON WOOD CANYON AND GO UP CANYON CA. 2.5 MILES. Element occurrence data: 4 SUBPOPULATIONS WITH 200-500 PLANTS TOTAL. 99% FLOWERING. General site description: DRY, OPEN, UNSTABLE LOWER TO MIDSLOPE ROCKSLIDE. OCCURRING ONLY IN FINE GRAVEL IN CHUTES AND AT BASE OF SLOPE. LIMESTONE PARENT MATERIAL, GRAVELLY CLAY SOIL. ASSOCIATED SPECIES: LEUCOPOA KINGII, CERCOCARPUS LEDIFOLIUS, RIBES SETOSUM, ARENARIA NUTTALLII, PENSTEMON MONTANUS , ERIOGONUM OVALIFOLIUM. Land owner/manager: BEAVERHEAD NATIONAL FOREST, DILLON RANGER DISTRICT Comments: Information source: VANDERHORST, J. [BOTANIST]. 1515 LAKE STREET, OGDEN, UTAH 84401. Specimens: VANDERHORST, J. (5243). 1994. MONT. 40 Agastache cusickii: Williamson-Wood Canyon (002) uses Caboose Canyon 7.5' quadrangle MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Element Occurrence Record Scientific Name: AGASTACHE CUSICKII Common Name: CUSICK'S HORSE-MINT Global rank: G3 Forest Service status: State rank: SI Federal Status: 3C Element occurrence code: PDLAM03030. 003 Element occurrence type: Survey site name: PATTERSON CANYON EO rank: A EO rank comments: SMALLER THAN PREVIOUSLY-KNOWN BIG SHEEP CREEK POPULATION. County: BEAVERHEAD USGS quadrangle: CABOOSE CANYON Township: Range: Section: TRS comments: 014S OlOW 28 SE4 Precision: S Survey date: 1994-07-14 Elevation: 6960 - 7360 First observation: 1994-07-14 Slope/aspect: 30-50% / S-SE Last observation: 1994-07-14 Size (acres): 15 Location: CA. 1 MILE WEST OF BIG SHEEP CREEK UP PATTERSON CANYON. ALTERNATE ACCESS VIA PUBLIC LAND FROM PILEUP CANYON. Element occurrence data: CA. 1000 PLANTS (CLUMPS OF AERIAL STEMS); 2 SUBPOPULATIONS . 70% FLOWERING, 30% VEGETATIVE. General site description: DRY, OPEN, LOWER TO MIDSLOPE ROCKSLIDE. LIMESTONE PARENT MATERIAL, GRAVELLY CLAY SOIL. ASSOCIATED SPECIES: ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA, ELYMUS SPICATUS, PINUS FLEXILIS, LEUCOPOA KINGII, CERCOCARPUS LEDIFOLIUS, RISES SETOSUM, OENOTHERA CAESPITOSA, ARENARIA NUTTALLII, BUPLEURUM AMERICANUM, PENSTEMON ARIDIS. Land owner/manager: BEAVERHEAD NATIONAL FOREST, DILLON RANGER DISTRICT BLM: BUTTE DISTRICT, DILLON RESOURCE AREA Comments: Information source: VANDERHORST, J. [BOTANIST]. 1515 LAKE STREET, OGDEN, UTAH 84401. Specimens: VANDERHORST, J. (5241 (B)). 199^ 42 •:!^^ \' I 'diJ ■^-^■'^•^^^^^\y ^ Agastache cusickii: Patterson Canyon (003) USGS Caboose Canyon 7.5' quadrangle 43 MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Element Occurrence Record Scientific Name: AGASTACHE CUSICKII Common Name: CUSICK'S HORSE-MINT Global rank: G3 Forest Service status: State rank: SI Federal Status: 3C Element occurrence code: PDLAM03030. 004 Element occurrence type: Survey site name: KELMBECK CREEK EO rank: A EO rank comments: SMALL POPULATION. County: BEAVERHEAD USGS quadrangle: KIDD Township: Range: Section: TRS comments: 0123 OlOW 20 NW4 Precision: S Survey date: 1994-07-29 Elevation: 7550 First observation: 1994-07-29 Slope/aspect: 60% / SOUTH Last observation: 1994-07-29 Size (acres): 1 Location: TAKE KIDD EXIT OFF 1-15/91. TRAVEL WEST ON GRAVEL ROAD UP KELMBECK CANYON. POPULATION IS ON SOUTH-FACING TALUS CA. 2 MILES UP CANYON FROM USFS BOUNDARY. Element occurrence data: CA. 100 PLANTS, MOSTLY LATE FLOWER. General site description: DRY, OPEN, UNSTABLE LOWERSLOPE ROCKSLIDE. LIMESTONE PARENT MATERIAL, GRAVELLY CLAY SOIL. ASSOCIATED SPECIES: CERCOCARPUS LEDIFOLIUS, PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII, PINUS FLEXILUS, ELYMUS SPICATUS, LEUCOPOA KINGII, PHACELIA HASTATA, POLYGONUM DOUGLASII. Land owner/manager: BEAVERHEAD NATIONAL FOREST, DILLON RANGER DISTRICT Comments: Information source: VANDERHORST, J. [BOTANIST]. 1515 LAKE STREET, OGDEN, UTAH 84401. Specimens: VANDERHORST, J. (5269). 1994. MONT. 44 Agastache cusickii: Kelmbeck Creek (004) uses Kidd 7.5' quadrangle 45 MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Element Occurrence Record Scientific Name: AQUILEGIA FORMOSA Common Name: SITKA COLUMBINE Global rank: G5 Forest Service status: State rank: SI Federal Status: Element occurrence code: PDRAN050B0. 004 Element occurrence type: Survey site name: TIMBER BUTTE EO rank: A EO rank comments: County: BEAVERHEAD USGS quadrangle: DIXON MOUNTAIN KIDD Township: Range: Section: TRS comments: 012S OlOW 33 Precision: S Survey date: 1994-07-06 Elevation: 7850 - 8400 First observation: 1994-07-06 Slope/aspect: 0-10% / NORTH Last observation: 1994-07-06 Size (acres): 20 Location: TAKE KIDD EXIT OFF 1-15/91. TRAVEL SOUTHWEST ON MAIN GRAVEL ROAD TO ITS END AT MCKNIGHT CANYON. PLANTS ARE IN UNNAMED DRAW ON NORTH SIDE OF TIMBER BUTTE. Element occurrence data: CA. 200-500 PLANTS. 20% FLOWERING, 80% VEGETATIVE. YELLOW COLUMBINES ALSO PRESENT BUT NOT AS COMMON; MIXED OR HYBRID POPULATION. General site description: BOTTOM OF DRAW; SHADED. RECEIVES SEASONAL RUN-OFF FLOW. PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII HABITAT TYPE, WITH VALERIANA DIOICA. Land owner/manager: BEAVERHEAD NATIONAL FOREST, DILLON RANGER DISTRICT Comments: OBSERVED BY J. VANDERHORST. PAST LOGGING PROBABLY CAUSED MINIMAL SURFACE DISTURBANCE; LOGS PROBABLY TAKEN OUT OVER SNOW. Information source: VANDERHORST, J. [BOTANIST]. 1515 LAKE STREET, OGDEN, UTAH 84401. Specimens: VANDERHORST, J. (5215). 1994. MONT. 46 Aquilegia formosa: Timber Butte (004) USGS Dixon Mountain and Kidd 7.5' quadrangles 47 MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Element Occurrence Record Scientific Name: AQUILEGIA FORMOSA Common Name: SITKA COLUMBINE Global rank: G5 Forest Service status: State rank: SI Federal Status: Element occurrence code: PDRAN050B0 . 005 Element occurrence type: Survey site name: KELMBECK CREEK EO rank: A EO rank comments: County: BEAVERHEAD USGS quadrangle: KIDD Township: Range: Section: TRS comments: 0123 OlOW 20 N2 Precision: S Survey date: 1994-07-29 Elevation: 7080 - 7240 First observation: 1994-07-29 Slope/aspect: 0-5% / NE Last observation: 1994-07-29 Size (acres): 10 Location: TAKE KIDD EXIT OFF 1-15/91. TRAVEL WEST ON GRAVEL ROAD UP KELMBECK CANYON. POPULATION IS IN WOODED CANYON BOTTOM, CA. 1.5 MILES PAST USFS BOUNDARY . Element occurrence data: 200-500 INDIVIDUALS, 50% VEGETATIVE, 50% MATURE FRUIT. PLANTS PAST FLOWERING BUT SOME OLD FLOWERS FOUND WITH RED SEPALS AND PETAL SPURS. General site description: SHADED, DRY (WITH SEASONAL RUNOFF) CANYON BOTTOM. HIGH ORGANIC MATERIAL LOAM SOIL. ASSOCIATED SPECIES: PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII, POPULUS TREMULOIDES, SHEPERDIA CANADENSIS, PHYSOCARPUS MALVACEUS, ARNICA CORDIFOLIA, ORTHILLA SECUNDA, PYROLA CHLORANTHA, ASTRAGALUS MISER, SENECIO STREPTANTHIFOLIUS, SYMPHORICARPOS OREOPHILLUS. Land owner/manager: BEAVERHEAD NATIONAL FOREST, DILLON RANGER DISTRICT Comments: PAST WINTER LOGGING NOTED. PLANTS PAST FLOWERING, BUT SOME OLD FLOWERS HAD RED SEPALS AND PETAL SPURS. Information source: VANDERHORST, J. [BOTANIST). 1515 LAKE STREET, OGDEN, UTAH 84401. Specimens: 48 Aquilegia formosa: Kelmbeck Creek (005) uses Kidd 7.5' quadrangle 49 MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Element Occurrence Record Scientific Name: ASTRAGALUS SCAPHOIDES Common Name: BITTERROOT MILKVETCH Global rank: G3 Forest Service status: State rank: SI Federal Status: 3C Element occurrence code: PDFAB0F7V0 . 012 Element occurrence type: Survey site name: KATE CREEK EO rank: B EO rank comments: ONLY A FEW PLANTS WITH VIABLE FRUIT; AREA MODERATELY GRAZED. County: BEAVERHEAD USGS quadrangle: DEER CANYON Township: Range: Section: TRS comments: 012S OllW 19 NE4; 20NW4 Precision: S Survey date: 1994-07-28 Elevation: 6920 - 7160 First observation: 1994-07-28 Slope/aspect: Last observation: 1994-07-28 Size (acres): 7 Location: CA. 0.4 MILES UP KATE CREEK FROM MEDICINE LODGE CREEK ROAD. PLANTS ARE ON SLOPES TO WEST OF CREEK AND ROAD. OBTAIN PERMISSION TO ACCESS FROM HANSEN RANCH. Element occurrence data: 2 SUBPOPULATIONS WITH CA. 500-1000 PLANTS TOTAL. 15% VEGETATIVE, 15% MATURE FRUIT, 70% WITH ABORTED FLOWERS OR BROWSED HEADS. General site description: DRY RESIDUAL SLOPES. LIMESTONE AND VOLCANIC PARENT MATERIAL. FINE SOIL. ASSOCIATED SPECIES: ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA, ELYMUS SPICATUS, FESTUCA IDAHOENSIS, PINUS FLEXILIS, CHRYSOTHAMNUS NAUSEOSUS, IVESIA GORDONII, ORYZOPSIS HYMENOIDES, ALLIUM TEXTILE, ASTRAGALUS DRUMUNDII, ASTRAGALUS ADSURGENS, SENECIO STREPTANTHIFOLIUS . Land owner /manager: BEAVERHEAD NATIONAL FOREST, DILLON RANGER DISTRICT Comments: BADGER DIGGINGS, BROWSED HEADS, AND CATTLE IN DRAINAGE ON DATE OF SURVEY. POOR FRUIT PRODUCTION, PROBABLY DUE TO DROUGHT. LARGER (BUT FEWER) PLANTS WITH RIPENED FRUIT MOSTLY IN LOWER SUBPOPULATION ON VOLCANIC ROCK TYPE. Information source: VANDERHORST, J. [BOTANIST]. 1515 LAKE STREET, OGDEN, UTAH 84401. Specimens: 50 Astragalus scaphoides: Kate Creek (012) uses Deer Canyon 7.5' quadrangle 51 MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Element Occurrence Record Scientific Name: CAREX VALLICOLA Common Name: VALLEY SEDGE Global rank: G5 Forest Service status: State rank: S2 Federal Status: Element occurrence code: PMCYP03EA0.010 Element occurrence type: Survey site name: SOURDOUGH SPRING EO rank: B EO rank comments: DENSE POPULATION, TAXON SUB-DOMINANT AT SITE. VIABILITY WILL DEPEND ON FUTURE STOCKING RATES. County: BEAVERHEAD USGS quadrangle: DEER CANYON Township: Range: Section: TRS comments: 012S OllW 13 W2 Precision: S Survey date: 1994-07-21 Elevation: 8500 - First observation: 1994-07-21 Slope/aspect: 10% / SOUTH Last observation: 1994-07-21 Size (acres): Location: SOURDOUGH SPRING. FROM DELL, FOLLOW BIG SHEEP CREEK ROAD TO MUDDY CREEK ROAD. GO UP MUDDY CREEK, THEN TURN UP SOURDOUGH CREEK TO SPRING AT HEADWATERS. Element occurrence data: 1000+ PLANTS, MATURE FRUIT; MATURE PERIGYNIA, MANY DEHISCED. BOUNDARIES NOT DETERMINED. General site description: OPEN, DRY (WITH SEASONAL SEEPAGE) RESIDUAL SEDIMENTARY MIDSLOPE. LIMESTONE PARENT MATERIAL, FINE SOIL. ASSOCIATED SPECIES: ARTEMESIA TRIDENTATA, FESTUCA IDAHOENSIS, LUPINUS ARGENTEUS ERIOGONUM UMBELLATUM, CASTILLEJA RUSTICA, THLASPI ARVENSE, POA PRATENSE. Land owner/manager: BEAVERHEAD NATIONAL FOREST, DILLON RANGER DISTRICT Comments: OBSERVED BY J. VANDERHORST. WEEDS ABUNDANT IN AREA, DEVELOPED SPRING NEARBY; CATTLE HISTORICALLY IN AREA. Information source: VANDERHORST, J. [BOTANIST]. 1515 LAKE STREET, OGDEN, UTAH 84401. Specimens: VANDERHORST, J. (5245). 1994. MONT. 52 Carex vallicola: Sourdough Spring (010) USGS Deer Canyon 7.5' quadrangle 53 MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Element Occurrence Record Scientific Name: LOMATIUM ATTENUATUM Common Name: TAPER-TIP DESERT-PARSLEY Global rank: G3 Forest Service status: State rank: SI Federal Status: 3C Element occurrence code: PDAPI1B240. 004 Element occurrence type: Survey site name: SOURDOUGH CREEK EO rank: A EO rank comments: NO EVIDENCE OF DISTURBANCE. County: BEAVERHEAD USGS quadrangle: DEER CANYON Township: Range: Section: TRS comments: 012S OllW 24 NE4 Precision: S Survey date: 1994-07-08 Elevation: 8700 - First observation: 1994-07-08 Slope/aspect: 50% / SOUTH Last observation: 1994-07-08 Size (acres): 5 Location: FROM DELL, FOLLOW BIG SHEEP CREEK ROAD TO MUDDY CREEK ROAD AND FOLLOW THIS UP SOURDOUGH CREEK. POPULATION IS JUST BELOW RIDGE ON SOUTH FACING SLOPES, FAR ABOVE SOURDOUGH CREEK. Element occurrence data: 1000+ ESTIMATED PLANTS. DOWNSLOPE HABITAT NOT COMPLETELY SURVEYED. General site description: DRY, PARTIAL SHADE, UPPERSLOPE . LIMESTONE PARENT MATERIAL. ASSOCIATED SPECIES: PINUS FLEXILUS, FESTUCA IDAHOENSIS, LEUCOPOA KINGII, PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII, JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS, CAREX ROSSII, ELYMUS SPICATUS, ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA, POA CUSICKII, POA INTERIOR, SENECIO CANUS, PENSTEMON ARIDUS, PHLOX CAESPITOSA. Land owner/manager: BEAVERHEAD NATIONAL FOREST, DILLON RANGER DISTRICT Comments: OBSERVED BY J. VANDERHORST AND S. COOPER. Information source: VANDERHORST, J. [BOTANIST]. 1515 LAKE STREET, OGDEN, UTAH 84401. Specimens: VANDERHORST, J. (5222). 1994. MONT. 54 Lomatium attenuatum: Sourdough Creek (004) uses Deer Canyon 7.5' quadrangle 55 APPENDIX E. Target plant species documented in the Tendoy Mountains vicinity. Locations of occurrences of the following species are mapped in Figure 2 (Results section). The top line of each entry gives the scientific name of the plant, followed (in order) by the Montana Natural Heritage Program global and state rank (Heidel 1994), the U.S. Forest Service Region 1 status (USDA Forest Service 1994), the proposed Montana BLM status (USDI Bureau of Land Management 1993), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service status (USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 1993). SPECIES MTNHP USES BLM USFWS Agastache cusickii G3S1 - Sensitive 3C This species is known from Montana only in the Tendoy Mountains. Three populations are on the Beaverhead National Forest in Kelmbeck, Patterson, and Williamson-Wood Canyons. One population is on BLM land on a slope above upper Big Sheep Creek. Additional populations should be sought on southern exposed limestone talus slopes, especially in the canyons. Plants have a long flowering period and are easily recognized at all stages. Aquilegia formosa G5S1 - - Two populations are known from the Tendoys on the Beaverhead National Forest on the north side of Timber Butte and in Kelmbeck Canyon. Both of these occurrences are in heavily shaded Douglas fir stands in bottoms of draws. A third population occurs on the Beaverhead National Forest in forest/lakeshore ecotone habitat at Morrison Lake in the Beaverhead Mountains. Forested habitats are less common on BLM land in the range but the species should be looked for in forested canyon bottoms and northern exposures. The flowering period is June to early July; flowers are essential for positive identification. Astragalus scaphoides G3S1 - Sensitive 3C A total of three occurrences are known in the range, one on the Beaverhead National Forest and two on BLM land. All of these are on the western flank of the range in the drainage of Medicine Lodge Creek. The species occurs in sagebrush grasslands {Artemisia tridentata/Elymus spicatus habitat types), usually on slopes with southern exposures. Additional populations are likely, especially on the western flank of the range. The plants flower in June and produce fruit in July; they are identifiable in either of these stages and the presence of old fruits may allow identification at other stages. 56 Astragalus terminalis G3G4S1 - Watch - One population is known from the range on BLM land in Limekiln Canyon. The species occurs in grasslands and sagebrush grasslands, usually in soils derived from limestone. Additional populations in the Tendoys are most likely to occur on BLM land but may also occur at lower elevations on the Beaverhead National Forest. It is most likely to be found on the eastern flank of the range (Red Rock Creek drainage). Plants flower in June and produce fruit in July; they are identifiable in either of these stages. Carex parryana ssp. idahoa G2QS2 Sensitive Sensitive 3C Three populations are known on BLM land from the vicinity of the Tendoys, in the Basins of Muddy Creek and upper Big Sheep Creek, and one population is known on state land in the Tendoys at Lower Poison Lake. An additional population is on the Beaverhead National Forest at Morrison Lake in the Beaverhead Mountains. The species occurs in moist floodplain bottoms often in Potentilla fruticosa/Juncus balticus communities, and, at Poison Lake, in a fen. Wetlands are not extensive on USFS land in the Tendoys but the species may be found around springs or along creeks; one potential site which has not been surveyed is Porcupine Spring. The plants produce mature fruit in late July to August. Mature fruit is necessary to key out the species, but it is recognizable, with experience, in earlier stages. Carex vallicola G5S2S3 _ _ _ One population was found on the Beaverhead National Forest in a high elevation sagebrush grassland near Sourdough Spring. Additional occurrences should be sought in sagebrush, grassland, and aspen communities throughout the Tendoys. This sedge produces fruit, needed for reliable identification, in July. Erigeron asperugineus G4S1 Sensitive - This Great Basin species was not found in the Tendoy Mountain study areas, but is known in the Beaverhead National Forest from the Beaverhead Mountains. It grows in open soil and scree in the subalpine and alpine zones. There is some potential for this plant at the higher elevations in the Tendoys. Flowering is in July. Eriogonum caespitosum G5S1 _ _ - The population on state land in the upper Big Sheep Creek drainage is the only verified occurrence of this species in Montana. Here it grows in dry soil derived from limestone in a low sagebrush (Artemisia arhuscula) community, a vegetation type which is not known on the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys, but it is reported from a variety of arid and rocky community types elsewhere (Dorn 1992, Welsh 1987). The plants flower in July. 57 Halimolobos virqata G2G3S2 - Sensitive - Four occurrences are now known from the Tendoy Mountains vicinity on BLM and state land. One population is on dry slopes in a mountain mahogany community in Pileup Canyon and the other is on a seasonally moist bench in a sagebrush community in Limekiln Canyon. Two additional populations were found in 1994 by Peter Lesica in the northern foothills of the range, and in the basin of upper Big Sheep Creek. It should be looked for at lower elevations on the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys. The species flowers early and produces fruit in June and July. It is most easily identified in fruit. Haplopappus macronema ssp. linearis G4T7S2 - Watch One occurrence is known from state land in the drainage of upper Big Sheep Creek. The habitat is an Artemisia tripartita/Festuca idahoensis community in a basin setting. Similar habitats are most common on BLM land but the species should be sought at the lower elevations of the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys, The flowering period is late July to September. Hutchinsia procumbens G5S1 _ _ _ This annual is known from one occurrence on BLM land above upper Big Sheep Creek, where it grows on the same slope with Agastache cusickii and Phacelia incana. It is also known from a historical collection from Armstead, now submerged by Clark Canyon Reservoir. The plant usually grows along the edges of alkaline or saline waters but at upper Big Sheep Creek it was found on limestone talus under sagebrush. It should be looked for in its primary habitat on BLM land along the shore of Clark Canyon Reservoir and other alkaline wetlands, but may also occur on limestone talus slopes in the canyons of the Tendoys. Plants flower in early summer. Kochia americana G5SH - - ~ This Great Basin species is known from Montana only by two historical collections from Beaverhead County. The reported occurrence on the Beaverhead National Forest near Medicine Lodge Peak has been investigated but not located. The location data given on the specimen label (also mapped in Figure 2) is probably wrong ; the cited legal description and elevation are in conflict and vegetation in the area is not appropriate for the species (Vanderhorst 1995c). This species usually grows in barren, alkaline habitats and is most likely to occur on BLM, state, or private land in the basins surrounding the Tendoy Mountains (Muddy Creek, Big Sheep, Red Rock) . The plant flowers in middle to late summer, and flowers may be required to distinguish this from species of Sueada. 58 Lomatium attenuatum G3S1 - Watch 3C Known from one occurrence on the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys near the crest of the range and from three sites on BLM land in canyons of the northern foothills of the range. The plants grow in soils derived from limestone in Douglas fir, limber pine, and mountain mahogany communities. Additional occurrences are likely on canyon and mountain slopes in the range, in substrates derived from limestone and possibly volcanic parent materials. The plants flower in early spring and produce fruit in June. Lomatogonium rotatum G5S1 _ _ _ This species was collected for the first time in Montana by Peter Lesica with Steve Cooper in 1994 from BLM land along a tributary of Cabin Creek (upper Big Sheep Creek Basin). Here it grows in saturated soil in a Potentilla fruticosa/Juncus balticus community. Similar wet, alkaline habitats are found on BLM and state lands in the basins in the vicinity, but are not known from the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys. Flowering is in late summer. Penstemon lemhiensis G3S2 Sensitive Sensitive C2 One occurrence is known from BLM land in the Tendoys in Johnson Gulch, and another is reported from private land in the valley of Medicine Lodge Creek. The species most commonly occurs in sagebrush grasslands; apparently suitable habitat is extensive on both BLM and Forest Service land at low to middle elevations in the Tendoys. Flowering plants of this species are very conspicuous but have been especially rare in recent years and the species was not found by the recent MTNHP surveys in the Tendoys. Plants flower in early June to late July, depending on the site and the season. Phacelia incana G3S1 _ _ _ The Montana distribution of this species is limited to the Tendoy Range where it is known from 5 sites on BLM land. This annual species grows on limestone talus slopes often in mountain mahogany communities. There is plentiful habitat for the species and it is likely to occur in the canyons of the Tendoys in the Beaverhead National Forest, but it was not found by surveys in 1994, probably due to the hot, dry growing season. The plant could not be found at its known locality at upper Big Sheep Creek in 1994 either, although it was seen here in 1993, a wet year. Plants flower in June and can be identified in flower or fruit. Sphaeromeria argentea G?S1 _ _ _ One occurrence is known from state land in the drainage of upper Big Sheep Creek where the habitat is an unusual low sage (Artemisia arhuscula) and greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) community in an alkaline basin setting. It has also been collected to the east of Red Rock Creek in the vicinity of Dell and Matador Ranch. At other sites in Beaverhead County the species grows in rocky (usually limestone) habitats, in limber pine and mountain mahogany communities. The low sagebrush habitat type may be found on BLM land in the basins of Muddy and upper Big Sheep Creek, and limestone habitats are common on both BLM land and the Beaverhead National Forest throughout the Tendoys. Plants flower in July. Taraxacum eriophorum G4S1 - Sensitive This species is known from BLM land in the southern Tendoys in the moist bottom of Pileup Canyon and nearby in the drainage of upper Big Sheep Creek where it was collected in "open rangeland." It should be looked for in the bottoms of canyons and in other moist to mesic habitats on BLM and USFS land in the range. In 1994, it was searched for on the Beaverhead National Forest further up Pileup Canyon from the known BLM occurrence (which was relocated) but was not found. Plants flower and produce fruit in early summer. Thalictrum alpinum G5S1 Sensitive - The species is known from BLM land in the drainage of upper Big Sheep Creek and nearby from the Beaverhead National Forest in the Beaverhead Range at Morrison Lake. These sites are moist alkaline bottomlands dominated by Potentilla fruticosa and Juncus balticus. This habitat is rare, if present, on the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys, however one potential wetland site for this species which has not been surveyed is Porcupine Spring. Flowering is in June and July. Thelypodium sagittatum G3G4S2 - Watch Known from three sites in the vicinity in the basins of Muddy Creek and upper Big Sheep Creek. The species usually grows in fine, often alkaline soils which are moist in spring but dry by mid-summer. These habitats are not known on the Beaverhead National Forest in the Tendoys, Plants produce fruit, needed for identification, in July. Thlaspi parviflorum G3S2 Sensitive - Located twice in the vicinity, in the basin of upper Big Sheep Creek in a moist bottomland habitat and on state land in the northern part of the range. Hitchcock and Cronguist (1973) cite a variety of habitats for this species including "sagebrush foothills, meadows, dry grassy slopes, (and) limestone cliffs." All of these habitats are common in the Tendoys on both Beaverhead National Forest and BLM lands. The species may be more common than known due to its early flowering and fruiting period (May- June). Townsendia condensata G3S2 - - - This species was found on BLM land in the Tendoys by Peter Lesica in 1994 and is also known on the Beaverhead National Forest in the Beaverhead Mountains. In the Tendoys, it grows 60 in open habitat at a high elevation near the crest of the range and potential habitat was thought to occur on adjacent Beaverhead National Forest land (Lesica, pers. coimnun.)- Flowering is in early summer. Townsendia nuttallii G3SU - - - Collected twice from rocky habitats in the Tendoys on BLM land. An occurrence near the Medicine Lodge/Cabin Creek divide in a rocky Artemisia nova habitat type is adjacent to Beaverhead National Forest land with similar habitat. The flowering period, the only time when plants are likely to be seen, is in the spring and early summer. 61 APPENDIX F. Vascular plants identified in the Tendoy Mountains vicinity. Included are taxa identified by this project on the Beaverhead National Forest and a revised list of taxa identified on BLM land in 1993 (Vanderhorst and Lesica 1994). Taxa printed in plain typeface were seen only on the Beaverhead National Forest (85). Taxa in bold typeface were seen only on BLM land (167). Taxa in italics were seen both on the Beaverhead National Forest and on BLM land (217). An asterisk following the taxon name signifies it is adventive to this continent (28). MONT signifies specimens collected by Jim Vanderhorst, deposited at the herbarium at Montana State University; MONTU designates specimens collected by Peter Lesica, deposited at the herbarium at the University of Montana. PTERIDOPHYTES ADIANTACEAE Cheilanthes feeii ASPLENIACEAE Cystopteris fragilis EQUISETACEAE Equisetum variegatum SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella densa GYMNOSPERMS CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus communis J. scopulorum PINACEAE Picea engelmannii Pinus contorta P. flexilis Pseudotsuga menziesii ANGIOSPERMS ACERACEAE Acer glabrum APIACEAE Angelica arguta Bupleurum americanum Cymopterus nivalis Lomatium attenuatum MONT, MONTU L. cous MONT L. foeniculaceum L. triternatum Musineon divaricatum Osmorhiza chilensis 0. depauperata Perideridia gairdneri ASTERACEAE Achillea millefolium Agoseris glauca Antennaria anaphaloides A. microphylla A. parvifolia A. racemosa Arnica cordifolia A. longifolia A. sororia Artemisia arbuscula MONTU A. cana A. dracunculus A. frigida A. ludoviciana A. michauxiana A. nova A. tridentata var. tridentata var. vaseyana A. tripartita Aster ascendens MONT Aster conspicuus A. foliaceus MONT A. laevis A. occidentalis A. scopulorum Balsamorhiza sagittata Brickellia grandiflora Centaurea maculosa* Chaenactis douglasii Chrysothamnus nauseosus C. viscidiflorus Cirsium arvense* C. canovirens C. scariosum C. subniveum MONTU C. undulatum Crepis acuminata C. modocensis C. nana MONT C. occidentalis C. runcinata Erigeron acris MONTU E. caespitosus E. compositus MONTU E. corymbosus MONT E. glabellas MONTU E. gracilis MONT, MONTU E. lonchophyllus E. ochroleucus MONTU E. speciosus E. tweedy i Gaillardia aristata Grindelia sguarrosa Gutierrezia sarothrae Haplopappus acaulis MONT H. integrifolius MONT H. macronema ssp. linearis MONTU H. suf f ruticosus MONT H. uniflorus Helianthella uniflora Heterotheca villosa Hymenopappus filifolius Lactuca serriola* Machaer anther a canescens Senecio canus S. debilis MONTU S. dimorphophyllus MONT S. integerrimus MONT S. pauperculus MONT S. serra S. streptanthifolius MONT Solidago missouriensis S. multiradiata S. spathulata Spahaeromeria argentea MONTU S. capitata MONT Stephanomeria runcinata Taraxacum eriophorum MONT T. laevigatum* MONT T. officinale* Tetradymia canescens Townsendia condensata MONTU T. hookeri T. montana MONT T. nuttallii MONT T. parry i MONT Tragopogon dubius* T. pratensis* BERBERIDACEAE Mahonia repens BETULACEAE Betula occidentalis BORAGINACEAE Cryptantha celosioides C. torreyana C. watsonii MONT, MONTU Cynoglossum officinale* Eritrichum nanum Hackelia deflexa H. floribunda H. patens Lappula redowskii L. squarrosa Lithospermum incisum L. ruderale Mertensia ciliata M. oblongifolia MONT Myosotis alpestris Plagiobothrys scouleri BRASSICACEAE Arabis confinis A. drummondii A. hirsuta A. holboellii MONT, MONTU A. nuttallii Descurainia incana D. pinnata 63 D. sophia* Draba cana MONT D. nemorosa D. oligosperma MONT Draba praealta MONT Erysimum asperum MONT E. inconspicuum MONT E . repandum Halimolobos virgata MONTU Lepidium virginicum Lesquerella alpina MONT Physaria didymocarpa MONT, MONTU Schoencrambe linifolia Sisymbrium altissimum* Stanleya pinnata S. viridiflora Thelypodium integrif olium Thelypodium sagittatum MONT, MONTU Thlaspi arvense* Thlaspi parviflorum MONTU CACTACEAE Opuntia polyacantha Pediocactus simpsonii MONT, MONTU CAMPANULACEAE Campanula rotundifolia CAPRIFOLIACEAE Symphoricarpos oreophilus MONTU CARYOPHYLLACEAE Arenaria capillaris A. congesta A. kingii MONT, MONTU Cerastium arvense Minuartia nuttallii MONT M. obtusiloba M. rubella MONT Paronychia sessiliflora Silene douglasii S. menziesii S. parryi MONT CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex gardneri A. rosea MONTU Chenopodium album* C. fremontii Krascheninnikovia lanata Monolepis nuttalliana Salsola australis* Sarcobatus vermiculatus CORNACEAE Cornus sericea CRASSULACEAE Sedum lanceolatum CYPERACEAE Carex aquatilis C. aurea C. douglasii C. filifolia C. lanuginosa C. microptera MONT C. nebraskensis C. norvegica MONT C. obtusata C. parry ana var. parryana MONTU var. idahoa MONTU C. petasata C. praegracilis C. raynoldsii C. rossii C. rupestris C. scirpoidea C. simulata MONT C. utriculata C. vallicola MONT Eleocharis acicularis E. palustris ELEAGNACEAE Sheperdia canadensis ERICACEAE Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Orthilia secunda Pyrola chlorantha FABACEAE Astragalus adsurgens MONT A. agrestis A. argophyllus MONT A. atropubescens A. bisulcatus 64 A. canadensis MONT A. cibarius A. druimondii MONT A. lentiqinosus MONT A. leptaleus MONTU A. miser A. purshii A. scaphoides MONT, MONTU A. terminalis MONTU Hedysarum boreale H. sulphurescens Lupinus argenteus L. polyphyllus var. humicola Melilotus officinalis* Oxytropis besseyi O. campestris var. cusickii O. deflexa O. lagopus MONT O. sericea O. viscida Thermopsis montana Trifolium hybridum* T. longipes FUMARIACEAE Corydalis aurea GENTIANACEA Frasera speciosa Gentiana affinis Gentiana aquatica MONTU Lomatagonium rotatum MONTU GERANIACEAE Geranium richardsonii G. viscosissimum GROSSULARIACEAE Ribes americanum R. cereum R. lacustre R. montigenum JR. setosum HIPPURIDACEAE Hippuris vulgaris HYDROPHYLLACEAE Phacelia franklinii P. hastata p. heterophylla p. incana MONT, MONTU P. linearis IRIDACEAE Iris missouriensis Sisyrinchium angustifolium JUNCACEAE Juncus alpinus J. balticus J. bufonus J. ensifolius var. montanus MONT J. longistylis JUNCAGINACEAE Triglochin maritimum T. palustre LAMIACEAE Agastache cusickii MONT, MONTU LEMNACEAE Lemna minor LILIACEAE Allium brevistylum MONT A. cernuum A. geyeri A. schoenoprasum A. textile Disporum trachycarpum Fritillaria atropurpurea Maianthemum stellatum Zigadenus elegans Z. venenosus LINACEAE Linum lewisii LOASACEAE Mentzelia albicaulis MONT M. dispersa MONT M. laevicaulis MALVAVCEAE Sphaeralcea coccinea 65 ONAGRACEAE Epilobium anagallidifolium E. anqusti folium E. ciliatura E. glaberrimum E. palustre Gayophytum diffusum G. humile MONTU G. ramosissimum Oenothera breviflora MONTU O. cespitosa ORCHIDACEAE Habenaria hyperborea OROBANCHACEAE Orobanche corymbosa O. fasciculata POACEAE Alopecurus aequalis* A. pratensis* Beckmannia syzigachne Bromus carinatus B. inermis* B. tectorum* Calamagrostis montanensis C. purpurascens C. rubescens C. neglecta Catabrosa aquatica Deschampsia cespitosa Elymus cinereus E. elymoides E. hispidus* E. lanceolatus MONT E. repens * E. spicatus MONT E. trachycaulus MONT E. scribneri E. smithii Festuca idahoensis F. occidentalis Glyceria striata Hordeum brachyantherum H. jubatum Koeleria macrantha MONT Leucopoa kingii Muhlenbergia richardsonis MONTU Oryzopsis hymenoides Phleim alpinum P. pratense* Poa alpina P. cusickii MONT P. interior MONT P, juncifolia MONT P. nevadensis P. nervosa P. pratensis* Poa rupicola MONT P. secunda MONT Puccinellia distans Stipa comata S. nelsonii S. occidentalis Trisetum spicatum POLEMONIACEAE Collomia linearis Ipomopsis spicata Leptodactylon pungens Phlox hoodii P. longifolia MONT P. multiflora P. muscoides P. pulvinata Polemonium occidentale P. pulcherrimum POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum caespitosum E. flavum MONTU E. mancum MONT E. microthecum E. ovalifolium MONT E. umbellatum Polygonum aviculare* P. bistortoides P. douglasii MONTU P. kellogii MONTU Rumex acetosella* R. aquations var. fenestratus R. crispus* R. salicifolius PORTULACACEAE Lewisia rediviva L. pygmaea MONT POTAMGETONACEAE Potamogeton pectinatus 66 PRIMULACEAE Androsace septentrionalis Dodecatheon conjugens Douglasia montana D. pulchellum Glaux maritima Primula incana MONTU RANUNCULACEAE Actaea rubra Anemone cylindrica A. lithophila A. multifida Aquilegia coerulea A. formosa MONT Delphinium bicolor var. bicolor var. novum D. glaucum D. occidentale MONTU Myosurus aristatus MONTU Ranunculus aquatilis R. cymbalaria R. glaberrimus R. inamoenus R. macounii R. natans R. sceleratus Thalictrum alpinum MONTU T. occidentale ROSACEAE Amelanchier alnifolia Cercocarpus ledifolius Fragaria vesca F. virginiana Geum macrophyllum G. triflorum Ivesia gordonii MONTU Petrophyton caespitosum Physocarpus malvaceus Potentilla anserina P. biennis P. diversifolia P. fruticosa P. glandulosa P. gracilis P. ovina MONTU P. pensylvanica Prunus virginiana Rosa woods ii Rubus idaeus Spiraea betulifolia RUBIACEAE Galium boreale SALICACEAE Populus angustifolia P. balsamifera P. tremuloides Salix bebbiana S. boothii S. exigua S. geyeriana S. lemmonii S. lutea S. melanopsis S. wolfii SANTALACEAE Commandra umbellata SAXIFRAGACEAE Conimitella williamsii MONT Heuchera cylindrica H. grossulariifolia H. parviflora Lithophragma parvifolia Saxifraga bronchialis S. integrifolia MONT S. occidentalis S. odontoloma S. rhomboidea MONT SCROPHULARIACEAE Besseya wyomingensis Castilleja angustifolia C. hispida C. miniata C. pallescens MONTU C. pulchella C. rustica MONT, MONTU Collinsia parviflora Cordylanthus ramosus Mimulus guttatus M. suksdorfii MONT, MONTU Pedicularis contorta var. ctenophora MONT P. groenlandica P. parry i Penstemon aridus 67 p. attenuatus MONTU P. eriantherus p. fruticosus p. montanus MONT P. procerus p. radicosus MONTU P. rydbergii MONTU Synthyris pinnatifida Veronica a/nericana V. perigrina SOLANACEAE Hyoscyamus niger* Solanum triflorum* MONTU URTICACEAE Parietaria pensylvanica Urtica dioca VALERIANACEAE Valeriana dioica V. edulis V. occidentalis VIOLACEAE Viola adunca V. nephrophylla V. nuttallii 68 APPENDIX G. Photographic slides 1. Agastache cusickii (plants at Kelmbeck Creek) 2. Agastache cusickii (plant at Patterson Canyon) 3. Habitat of Agastache cusickii (Williamson Wood Canyon) 4. Habitat of Agastache cusickii (Patterson Canyon) 5. Habitat of Agastache cusickii (Kelmbeck Creek) 6. Habitat of Aguilegia formosa (Kelmbeck Creek) 7. Astragalus scaphoides (plant) 8. Astragalus scaphoides (close-up of fruit) 9. Habitat of Astragalus scaphoides (Kay Creek) 69 MONTANA STATE This "cover" page added by the Internet Archive for formatting purposes